at J ST et et wm ye * Me Oe 4 wee: v4 3 x ew ve Se a fi : ww ee -——~ tans ye a ee te ae —— ~ 2 ees Qdspurestiey > os a . - tues ~* 7 : - s+- oa" - ~~ e at . et, ‘2% at ¢ = = . ° . = 4.4 . wan a eet *. . 7 7-37 sisi « - ad > + ys aolet Same i an Pee Dae -e . t- al -: is. - ra oT err a -* ~ - 7 - : . - 7 a - . ae - “ 7 = « mr . : : , 7 . ‘ *, . _ ’ - : rtp l ee - : . + * ms a 7 : 7 bend ~ D ~ ‘ - } : ‘ * r -* oF ; 7 . ' pi “ ’ Y as 7+ a U . ‘ . ) oA ; ; * . . . 7 as -« 2 AG —~ a sad ey. * eae ere, IAL P| i \j ry? a ” Miia! ny Pini i t varh yi UN a ae 0 Oy ae e) ae a} MY he .C., 1913-14.] Proc. B.N.I r L [PiatE I.] “HOTAM ‘pesy sey pue Aeg ysnoyanpw OLOH« Soe REFORTS PROCEEDINGS OF THE Belfast Naturalists’ Field Glub. a ge a Sandi SERIES Il. 1913-14 TILL VOLUME VII. 1917-18. QBeffast : PRINTED AT ** THE NORTHERN WHIG” OrricEs, VICTORIA STREET. 1918. = @ ' on Ns Rei) ¢ cas as Sees co PREPALORY sNOTE- HEREWITH are issued the Title Page and Index to Volume VII. of the Second Series of the Club’s Proceedings. The volume extends over five years, from April, rgr3, till April, 1918, and -contains the usual reports of Excursions and abstracts of papers read at the Winter Meetings. A particularly interesting item is the “ Report of the Fiftieth Anniversary Sub- Committee” extending to 79 pages, and detailing the programme arranged for the celebration and carried out in May, 1913. A very full index has been compiled which should facilitate reference to the contents of the volume. Nevin H. Foster, A. W. STELFOX, | Laitors JULY, 1918. *— - SES eats wee " fu 2 ANNUAL REPORT: ga Phy atte 2. AND .— ~ [Bugs ' At = Bilsens) » sh dyn ae az CNN on or 1913-14. es. ; For Contents See Overleaf. cM, PRINTED FOR MEMBERS ONLY. CONTENTS. List of Officers, 1913-14 Annual Reports ... Nas Report of Fiftieth Mattvexciny Sub- Diaimntiiee = Meeting in Queen’s University Excursion to Giant’s Ring Conversazione ‘ Excursion to N aiveastle and Sieve Devers x oh Paper by Dr. Scharff—‘‘ The Relationships of the They Fauna ” Excursions to Benevenagh and Portstewart Paper by Mr. R. LI. Praeger—‘‘ Problems of the Irish Flora ” Excursion to Giant’s Causeway Paper by Dr. Dwerryhouse—‘‘ Peatures of Boos Gaclony” Exeursions to Whitepark Bay, Ballintoy, and Kinbane a Fair Head and Murlough Bay ie Glenshesk and Armoy Fauna, Flora, Geology, and Archeology :— Kitchen-Middens, A. 8S. Kennard ... Phanerogamia, R. Ll. Praeger Musci, H. W. Lett * Lichenes, Miss M. C. Knowles Myxomycetes, Miss M. D. Mitchell ae Pee Aves, N. H. Foster . -.:: Pe, Mollusea (Land and Freshwater) i eceit, Le W. Stelfox ¥ Ri Fossil, A. S. Kennard Myriopoda, C. M. Selbie Pseudo-Scorpiones, H. W. Kew Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria, N. H. Riveter Porifera, Miss Jane Stephens ve Ae ANY Statement of Accounts ©... Z eh fe vi ais ha + hd Excursions :—Daisy Hill, Nomen: thas rece Slemish Dublin ; Garron Be Ae Point ; Killough ; ; Islandmagee ¢ a SM >, SP : epeararnei one Papers :—‘“‘ A Chat Souk “iknae Step, ion tial Addtesy Rev. Gaon per MAS} Mi RilcAL tae ‘‘ Plants in Relation to their Siutrdundis? "—G. Tien 8. Seco ““Report of Delegate to British Association” and .‘‘The oo ae Means of a epi the Extinction of Local Species ”—R. Whitehouse, M.Sc. . at query of Trike BWowde: ‘atid rien Augustine ene x. ; EVL,S.,. MR. TA: oy eee e Recognise our Giimhn Wobdlice »_N. H, Postar ase t F.L.S., M.R.I.A. ee «The History of the Gea pernn Sandhills AL, J. Welch, M. R. LA, Aes Annual Meeting . Rules “ Exchanges of Prise aceite: \ List of Members ... , a at Se ae List of Officers, 1914-15... * ty a) a gee A hr ANNUAL REPORT AND PROCEEDINGS OP THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB, FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st MARCH, ro14. (FIFTY-FIRST YEAR). SERIES Il. PART I. VOLUME VII. 1913-14. Qeffast : PRINTED AT ‘‘THE NORTHERN WHIG” OFFrices, VICTORIA STREET. IQT4. yo —— We ‘= < ~* baer mei x rei c BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-FIRST YEAR, 1913-14. GENERAL COMMITTEE. President: REV. CANON H. W. LETT, M.A., M.R.1.A. Vice-President: R. LL. PRAEGER, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A. Treasurer: NEVIN H. FOSTER, F.L.s., M.R.1.A., M.B.0.U., HILLSBOROUGH, Co. Down. : Librarian: SYLVANUS WEAR, 19, HoperieELD AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: N. CARROTHERS. Hon. Sec. Geological Section: JAMES ORR. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: R. H. WHITEHOUSE, m.sc. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL. Hon. Sec. Archzological Section: ROBERT MAY, Ordinary Members of Committee: Retire 1914. Retire 1915. Retire 1916. Miss S. Blackwood. A. R. Dwerryhouse, Miss M. W. Rea. Robt. Patterson, F.L.S., es S. A. Bennett, 3B. A., M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U. W. J. Fennell, F.R.1.B.A. B.SC. R. J. Welch, M.R.1.A. J.L.S. Jackson(co-opted). Joseph Maxwell, s.r. Hon. Secretaries: A. W. STELFOX, A.8.1.B.A., M.R.1.A., ScoTTISH TEMPERANCE BUILDINGS, DoNEGALL SQuARE SovuTH, BELFAST. MISS M. D. MITCHELL, B.sc., A.R.c.Sc.1., DRUMBO REoTORY, BALLYLESSON, BELFAST. SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. -., 1913-14. BOTANICAL SECTION. REV. C. H. WADDELL, B8.D., M.R.1-A., Chairman. S. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.sc. N. CARROTHERS, | W. A. J. M‘BRETNEY. | Hon. Sec. of the Section, S. A. MOORE. | 145, Stranmillis Road, S. WEAR. Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. A. R. DWERRYHOUSEH, D.sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. JAMES ORR, MISS M. W. REA. Hon. Sec. of the Section, J. STRACHAN. 17, Garfield Street, R. J. WELCH, w.p.1.a. Belfast. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.P., Chairman. NEVIN H. FOSTER, r¥..s., R. H. WHITEHOUSE, m.sc., ee Hon. Sec. of the Section, REV. W. F. JOHNSON, ».a., Queen's University F.E.S., M.R.I.A. Belfast. A. W. STELFOX, 4.R.1.B.A., M.R.I.A. J. A. S, STENDALL. ~ JUNIOR SECTION. A. W. STELFQOX, a.8.1.B.4., M.R.I.A., Chairman. MISS 8S. BLACKWOOD. | J, A, SIDNEY STENDALL, MISS D. FORTH. Hon, Sec. of the Section, E. W. M‘CLELLAND. The Museum, MISS K. WARD. College Square North, Belfast. ARCHAOLOGICAL SECTION. W. J. FENNELL, ¥.R.1.3.4., Chatrman. MISS E. ANDREWS. ROBERT MAY, LT.-COL. BERRY, M.B.1.A. Hon. Sec. of the Section, A. DEANE. 40, Hopefield Avenue, BE. J. M‘KEAN, B.A., B.L. Belfast. Annual Report. Your Committee have the honour to submit to you the Fifty-first Annual Report. The meeting to celebrate the Fiftieth Anniversary of your Club’s foundation was held during May last, the report of which has been passed by your Committee for publication zx” exfenso. It will, therefore, be found in the Proceedings. During the past year twenty-three new members have been elected, of whom twenty-two have qualified for membership. There have been three deaths, thirteen resignations, and twenty-five members’ names have been struck off the list for non-payment of sub- scription, leaving the total membership on 31st March, rgr4, at 363. Your Committee regret that many members are not more punctual in paying their subscription, which is due, in advance, on 1st April of each year. Eight Committee meetings were held during the year, at which the attendance of Members was as follows :— N. Carrothers 8 Miss M. W. Rea 5 N. H. Foster 8 S. A. Bennett 4 A. W. Stelfox 8 A. R. Dwerryhouse 4 J. A. S. Stendall ... 8 W. J. Fennell 4 J. Maxwell i) R. H. Whitehouse 4 R. May ... 44: 7 Canon Lett 3 Miss S. Blackwoo 6 Miss M. D. Mitchell 5 #. Orr 6 R. Ll. Praeger 2 S. Wear ... 6 J. L.S. Jackson ... ° R. J. Welch 6 R. Patterson fe) 6 (Proc. B.N.F.C., The following Excursions were held during the Summer Session :— Giants’ Ring ep Ms -. During Newcastle a ro ~ 5soth Anniversary Benevenagh and Portstewart be Celebration, North Coast of Antrim | 1oth-17th May. Newry ... = es ae 31st May. Lagan Canal (Half-Day) ... se 14th June. Slemish ... sz ome 4 28th June. Dublin __... wie ae i 12th July. Garron Point ie oa a 26th July. Killough (Half-Day) it Ms oth August. Portmuck a hg a 6th September. The average attendance at the above was just under 37. The Winter Meetings were held in the Museum, College Square North, your Club having been granted the use of their rooms on the usual terms by the Belfast Corporation. The Winter Session was opened by a small Conversazione ahd Exhibition organised by the various Sections of the Club. At the same meeting the President (Rev. Canon Lett, M.A., M.R.I.A.), gave his Presidential Address—‘‘A Chat about / Linné.” The following papers were read at the Monthly Meetings of the Club held during the Winter Session :— 1913. 18th November— ‘‘ A Chat about Linné,” Rev. Canon Lett, M.A., M.R.1.A. 16th December—‘‘ The Relationship of Plants to their Surroundings,” G. Livens, B.Sc. 1914. 20th January—‘‘ Report as Delegate to British Association Conference of Delegates” and ‘‘The best means of preventing the extinction of Local Species,” R. H. Whitehouse, M.Sc. 17th February—‘‘The History of Irish Woods and Trees,” Professor Augustine Henry, F.L.S., M.R.I.A. 17th March—‘‘Iiow to distinguish our Common Woodlice,’ Nevin H. Foster, F.L.S., M.R.I.A., and ‘*‘ The History of the Rosapenna Sand-dunes,” R. J. Welch, M.R.I.A. 1913-1914. 7 The titles and reports of the papers read at the Sectional Meetings will be found in the Annual Reports of the various Sections which will be presented to you. During the year your Committee have taken over the responsibility of the publication of the B.MAC. Quarterly Journal, and the running of it has been delegated to the Committee of the Junior Section. Mr. R. H. Whitehouse represented your Club at the British Association Conference of Delegates, held at Birmingham in September, and has submitted his report, which will be found in the Proceedings. The Treasurer will lay before you his Statement of Accounts, which your Committee regret to say is not wholly satisfactory, owing to the increasing cost of publication of the Proceedings. The Librarian’s Report, and those of the Botanical, Geological, Zoological, Archzeological, and Junior Sections, as well as that of the Sub-Committee appointed to adjudicate on the Essays sent in for your Club’s Prizes, will be submitted to you. Your Committee desire to record their thanks to Sir Frederick W. Moore, Professor G. H. Carpenter, Dr. Ferrar, and Mr. Ball for their kind attentions when your Club visited Dublin; to Mr. T. Smith, of Newry; and to the Press and various Railway Companies for the aid which they have given your Club in reporting and carrying out its work; and also to the kindred Societies and Public Bodies with whom your Librarian has exchanged publications. (Signed) A. W. STELFOX, Fon. Secs. MARGARITA D. MITCHELL, iS [Proc. B.N.F.C., Librarian’s Report. The Library has been used to about the usual extent. The List of Exchanges with other Clubs will be found on another page. The thanks of the Club are hereby tendered to the following for gifts of books :—To Miss Elizabeth Andrews for her book on “Ulster Folk-Lore ;” to Mr. William Swanston for Volume III. of the Transactions of the Geological Society (1816), which contains matter of local interest; and to Mr. John Adams, of Dublin, for a parcel of Scientific Papers. In reply to an enquiry from the Superintendent of the Reading Room of the British Museum, I completed Series II. of our Proceedings there. (See List of Exchanges.) We had not received until recently any Proceedings from the Geological Society (London) since 1901. This was due to the Post Office failing to deliver the number then sent. I have now sent them the missing parts of our Proceedings, and got in exchange theirs up to date, except a few parts which are out of print. If any member has any of these parts to spare, the gift of the same would be highly appreciated by the Club. The fifth and sixth volumes of our Proceedings have been bound for circulation, as well as a complete set of Series II. for reference only, so as to be always available for the officials and other members. If the member who has Vol. I. of Series I. out of the Library would be so good as to return it, we would then have a complete set always at hand. (Signed) SYLVANUS WEAR, Librarian. 1913-1914.] 9 Report of the Botanical Section. Three monthly meetings in connection with this Section were held during the Winter Session; these were all well attended by our members, and a very keen interest was taken in the subjects brought forward for consideraticn. The first meeting was held on 3rd December, when a paper was read by our Chairman (Rev. C. H. Waddell, M.A., B.D., M.R.I.A.) on “ Botanical Notes for 1913,” together with general notes on the association of sand-loving plants which is so well represented on the sand-hills of Portstewart and Magilligan. Erythrea littoralis, which had been recorded several times from the coast of N.E. Ireland, but not admitted into our Floras, was found at Portstewart, as well as the dwarf var. capitatwm of £. Centaureum. Magilligan sand-hills and the sandy fields inland support a very interesting association of Mosses and Seed-plants. Several additions were made to the rare species collected there on previous occasions, Hypnum elodes, Leptobryum pyriforme, and Swartzia inclinata, the latter closely associated (as it is at Southport) with Cafoscopium in a few marshy sandy spots. All the factors which cause the richness of this sand-hill flora were fully explained, and some very remarkable forms of plants were described. The next meeting was held on 25th February, when a very important and instructive paper was read by Mr. S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.Sc., on ‘The British Distribution of some of our rarer North of Ireland Plants.” The plants dealt with were Dryas octopetala, Andromeda Polifolia, Mercurialis perennis, Mertensia maritima, Euphorbia portlandica, and Crambe maritima. Dryas octopetala was cited as an example of the scattered type of distribution characteristic of the Arctic plants of the British Isles, and it was suggested that plants such as this, must have occupied their present stations since the close of the Ice Period, if not longer. ie) (Proc. B.N.F.C., Andromeda Polifolta is a plant of the Central Plain of Ireland, becoming rare in the north and west, and only known from a few isolated stations in Co. Down. It does not occur in Co. Antrim, and is, in fact, a “relic” of the former vegetation of the country. The distribution of Mercurialis perennis is peculiar. It occurs in about a dozen Irish counties, scarcely any two being adjacent to one another, whilst it ranges in Great Britain through every county division. In Ireland its present day distribution is owing to its more or less recent introduction into the country. The other three interesting coastal plants were cited as cases whose distribution in the British Isles, and on the European continent, seems to tell heavily against Clement Reid’s theory of the origin of the British Flora. The last meeting, held on the 25th March, was entirely devoted to an examination of the plants presented to the Section by Mr. R. LI. Praeger. Short notes on their distribution, habitats, etc., were contributed by several members. This meeting proved very interesting, and was much appreciated by our members. The Summer of 1913 being exceptionally favourable for out- door work, a number of rich botanical localities were visited by our members, and good work was done. From the results sent in we select the following as worthy of special notice :—On 24th July Mr. S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.Sc., when working the shores of Lough Neagh, near Lurgan, found a few plants of Spiranthes Roman- zoffiana, this important find being the second record for Co. Armagh. On 25th April Mr. N. H. Foster, M.R.I.A., found Lastrea emula growing luxuriously at Lignapeiste, a river glen S.W. of Dungiven, Co. Derry. On 7th June Geranium lucidum was found by Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson between Donaghadee and Millisle—a new station for Co. Down. During the early Summer Mr. S. Wear found several fine healthy clumps of Pyrola minor on the Cave Hill. On 12th May Mr. A. W. Stelfox, M.R.1.A., found Sisymbrium Thalianum growing on a wall near the entrance to Donard Lodge, Co. Down. On 25th March Viola Reichen- 1913-1914.] II bachiana was observed growing near the River Lagan—the first record for Co. Down. Carex strigosa, a rare Sedge, was found in Carr’s Glen--a new station for Co. Antrim. The very best thanks of the Committee are given to Mr. R. Ll. Praeger, M.R.I.A., for his donation of a splendid collection of rare and interesting Irish Plants, collected by himself ; this valuable contribution will considerably enrich our Herbarium. (Signed) NATHANIEL CARROTHERS, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Geological Section. The Committee report that the work of the Section has been carried on as usual during the past Session. The meetings were well attended, and much interest was shown by the members in the proceedings. One outdoor meeting was held during the Season, the quarries on the hillside above Whitewell being visited on the rst November. On the 28th January Dr. Dwerryhouse delivered a lecture on ““The Coal Reserves of the World,” in which he placed before the meeting the latest figures dealing with this important subject. On the 11th February a number of interesting geological specimens were exhibited by members in the Club-room. There was also an exhibition of lantern slides during the evening. Mr. James Strachan contributed a paper on “The Mineral Resources of Co. Antrim, and their future development,” on the 1st April. The Committee beg to thank Prof. G. A. J. Cole for the gift of a copy of his paper on ‘The Geology of part of N.-W. Ireland,” read before the Geological Association. The sections of erratics added last year (1912-13) to our microscopic slide collection, have been submitted to Professor Cole, F.G.S., who has most kindly sent the following notes :— fe [Proc. B.N.F.C., 1. Micropegmatitic granite, with coarse hornblende and sphene, and secondary epidote in abundance. Probably from a contact between granite and diorite in the northern metamorphic areas. No crush-effects subsequent to the consolidation of the granite. From Derrybeg, near Limavady. 2. Probably a sediment altered by contact-metamorphism, with characteristic brown colour spots, like those of the “spotted slates” of metamorphic aureoles. From “ Hillman’s Fancy,” Coleraine. 3. A very beautiful augite-andesite, with a brown glassy ground. Some of those of Devonian age in Scotland are equally well preserved, and this is not like any of the Cainozoic lavas that I have seen from Ireland. But it might come from one of the andesites in the Fintona Old Red Sandstone. From Heagles, near Ballymoney. 4. Buiotite granite. Like that of Barnesmore, but many northern Irish biotite granites are of this type. From Sand-hills, Portstewart. 5. Coarse ophitic diorite, now much altered, in which it may be concluded that horablende replaces original pyroxene. From Armagh. 6. A beautifully fresh olivine-basalt, with glassy ground and handsome porphyritic olivine. No doubt from one of the Cainozoic eruptive masses, and very probably a lava. From Ballast Pit, near Railway Station, Limavady. (Signed) James Orr, Hon, Sec. of the Section. Report of the Zoological Section. Two meetings of the Section have been held during the Session. At the first, in December, papers were contributed by Messrs. N. H. Foster, J. Maxwell, and A. W. Stelfox. Mr. Foster gave a most interesting paper on “ Migration of Birds ;” Mr. 1913-1914.] 13 Maxwell gave a talk on Polyzoa, and entered a strong plea for a more detailed study of Pond Life during the coming Summer ; Mr. Stelfox opened a discussion on ‘‘ The Post-Glacial Element in the Irish Fauna,” which provided an excellent chance for the exchange of opinions on this debatable subject. The meeting was well attended. The second meeting took place on 14th January, in the Biology Theatre at Queen’s University, when Professor Gregg Wilson treated the members to a lecture on ‘‘Crabs.” The lecturer’s first-hand information was greatly appreciated. It is hoped that a series of Pond Life excursions will take place during Summer. (Signed) R. H. WuitenHouse, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Archzological Section. On roth May our Section was well represented at the Fiftieth Anniversary Celebration, seventeen members and friends having lent exhibits for the Conversazione, details of which will be found embodied in the Proceedings. Two excursions were held during the Summer. The first to Ardglass, when by the kind invitation of Mr. F. J. Bigger, the members went direct to Castle Shane, where great interest was taken by the members in observing pre-historic implements and more recent old-world plenishings, brought into service for present- day use. Afterwards a visit was paid to St. Margaret’s Castle, and to the Protestant Church, built in 1813 on the site of an older church, which had lain in ruins for two hundred years. Some important monuments from the ancient church are preserved, and built into the porch of the new church. The second excursion was to Downpatrick and Inch Abbey. Access was freely given to St. Patrick’s Cathedral, and the many points of great historic interest were appreciated. At Inch. Abbey recent excavations 14 {Proc. B.N.F.C., have exposed some beautiful examples of ancient architecture, long hidden in debris. The following papers were given during the Winter Session :— ‘* A Visit to Hadrian’s Wall and the Roman Camp (Tynedale),” Mr. Joseph Skillen. “Trish Bells,” Mr. F. J. Bigger, M.R.I.A. «Trish Folk-Lore,” Mr. E. J. M‘Kean, B.A., B.L. (Signed) Ropert May, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Junior Section. The Committee have pleasure in reporting the progress made during the past Session. The Section commenced the year with a membership of thirty-two, five have been transferred as Seniors, seven removed from the books through non-payment of subscription, whilst five new members have been elected, giving a present membership of twenty-five. Numerous excursions were held during the Summer months, and a special excursion took place on New Year’s Day to the Windy Gap, Black Mountain. The excursions all proved of much interest, but the attendance of Juniors, though better than in the previous year, did not come up to expectations. The Winter meetings were held alternately in the afternoon and evening, and have taken the form of systematic courses in Botany, Zoology, and Geology, and in all twelve meetings have been held. The special thanks of the Committee are due to Miss M. D. Mitchell, Miss J. Stephens, Messrs. A. Deane, W. J. C. Tomlinson, and R. H. Whitehouse for their kind assistance in connection with the Winter meetings, their respective addresses being much appreciated by the Junior members. The parent Committee have authorised the publication of the Quarterly Journal, and have entrusted the Junior Committee with its preparation. It has been decided to confine the Journal 1913-1914.] 15 to the publication of papers in connection with the Junior Section; this should prove of great assistance to the young members. (Signed) J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of Prizes Sub-Committee. Prize A., of Half-a-Guinea, offered by the President, ‘“‘ for the best Essay describing the Structure and Life History of the Gorse,” brought thirteen competitors into the field. They were all girls, and competed from the following Ulster Secondary Schools, namely :—Victoria College, - Belfast, the Ladies’ School, Cookstown, the Royal School, Dungannon, and Victoria High School, Londonderry. The first place was obtained by Miss Minnie Ferguson, of the Royal School, Dungannon, to whom the prize is awarded. She secured gr per cent. The two competitors from Cookstown Ladies’ School, Miss Madge Tomb and Miss Ina Shaw, were next in order of merit, scoring respectively 88 and 83.5 per cent. The work of the various candidates was of the most en- couraging kind, and reflects great credit on them and their teachers. Some of the papers were exceptionally accurate and meritorious. The majority of the candidates were very young, and consequently at a disadvantage in competing with older candidates whose studies were more mature and complete. Botanical students in their first year are naturally more liable to fall into minor pitfalls than those whose studies are more advanced. All, however, did well; and the illustrations and mounted specimens accompanying the papers were, in almost all cases, exceedingly well done. Prize B. No papers sent in for this prize. Prize C. Only one paper sent in for this prize. It was submitted by Mr. Richard E. Parkinson, of Campbell. College, 16 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Belfast. His description of the Geological Features of Cave Hill Quarry, Greengraves Quarry, and of a Quarry in the Silurian, near Holywood, was accompanied by numerous photographs, and, on the whole, was fairly well done. We therefore award him the Club’s prize, value Half-a-Guinea. Prize D. This prize, value Half-a-Guinea, offered by Mr. Joseph Maxwell, to Junior members of the Club only, “for the best written account of any meeting of the Junior Section,” is awarded to Miss Norah Humphreys, of Victoria College, Belfast. Miss Humphreys’ detailed and interesting essay, which deals with a Lagan-side excursion in May last, was the only paper sent in for this prize. (Signed) M. W. REA, W. Jj. C.. TOMLINSON, [27 Sid: S. WEAR, “Committtee. NEVIN H. FOSTER, a 1913-1914. ] 17 Report of the Fiftieth Anniversary Sub-Committee. MEETING IN QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY. The opening meeting in connection with the celebration of the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Club’s Foundation was held in the Examination Hall of the Queen’s University (by kind permission of the Senate), at 10-30 a.m., on Saturday, roth May, 1913. The President, Rev. Canon Lett, M.A., M.R.I.A., received the delegates and visitors on arrival; during the reception tea and coffee were handed round. _ Those present at the meeting were as follows :— List OF MEMBERS. (On the platform)—The President (Rev. Canon Lett, M.A., M.R.I.A.) in the chair; the Vice-President (Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A.); Rev. C. H. Waddell, B.D.; Mr. W. H. Phillips, Mr. W. H. Patterson, M.R.I.A.; Mr. Wm. Gray, M.R.I.A.; Sir Charles H. Brett, Mr. George Donaldson, Mr. F. A. Heron, Mr, Wm. Swanston, F.G.S.; Mr. Adam Speers, B.Sc. ; and the Hon. Secretary (Mr. A. W. Stelfox, A.R.I.B.A., M.R.I.A.). (In the audience)—Miss E. L. Andrews, Dr. Marion B. Andrews, Mr. N. Carrothers, Mr. N. Carrothers, jun., Mr. A. Deane, Miss K. Duffin, Mr. A. R. Dwerryhouse, D.Sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A.; Mr. W. J. Fennell, F.R.I.B.A.; Mr. Nevin H. Foster, F.L.S, M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U.; Mrs. N. H. Foster, Mr. Andrew Gibson, Mr, J. Glover, Mr. John Hamilton, Miss Hamilton, Miss M. P. Harper, Miss M. J. Lynn, Mr. Joseph Maxwell, J.P.; Mr. Robert May, Miss M. W. H. Mitchell, B.Sc.; Mr. W. F. M‘Kinney, Mr. E. W. M‘Clelland, Miss M‘Connell, Miss M. W. Rea, Dr. Rusk, Mr. Geo. Raymond, Mr. S. Wear, Mr. Robt. J. Welch, M.R.I.A.; Mr. R. H, Whitehouse, M.Sc. ; Mr. Alec G. Wilson, J.P. ; and Prof. Gregg Wilson, D.Sc., M.R.IA. B 18 [Proc. B.N.F.C., List OF DELEGATES FROM ALLIED SOCIETIES. Mr. R. M. Barrington, M.A., F.L.S., M.R.I.A.—Dublin Naturalists’ Field Club and Royal Zoological Society of Ireland ; Mr. E. D. Bostock—North Staffs. Nat. Field Club; Professor Grenville A. J. Cole, F.G.S., M.R.I.A.—Royal College of Science for Ireland and Geological Survey of Ireland; Mr. F. N. A. Fleischmann, M.A., F.C.S., F.G.S.—Mineralogical Society ; Mr. W. J. Holt—Liverpool Nat. Field Club; Mr. J. Wilfred Jackson— Conchological Soc. of Gt. Britain and Ireland; Mr. A. S. Kennard, F.G.S.—Malacological Soc. of London and Geologists’ Assoc. (London); Mr. Theo. Michell—Bournemouth Nat. Sci. Soc. ; Mr. J. R. B. Masefield—North Staffs. Nat. Field Club; Dr. Geo. Neilson—Royal Phil. Soc. of Glasgow; Mr. Charles Oldham, F.L.S., M.B.O.U.—Herts Nat. Hist. Soc. and Field Club; Mr. H. Overton—Birmingham Nat. Hist. and Phil. Soc.; Count Plunkett —Royal Soc. of Antiquaries of Ireland; Mr. R. A. Phillips, M.R.I.A.—Cork Nat. Field Club; Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger, M.R.I.A. —Roy. Irish Academy ; Miss Reid—Liverpool Nat. Field Club ; Mr. Reginald A. Smith—British Museum; Dr. A. Smith- Woodward, F.R.S.—Geological Soc. of London; Prof. James Wilson—Roy. Dublin Soc.; and Mr. R. M. Young, J.P., M.R.LA. —Presbyterian Historical Soc. of Ireland. List OF VISITORS. Mr. Harry Beeston, M.B.O.U.—Hants; Mr. J. M. Finnegan, B.Sc.—Belfast; Mr. J. de W. Hinch—Dublin; Mr. H. Wallis Kew, F.Z.S.—London ; Miss M. C. Knowles—Dublin; Miss A. May—Belfast ; Mrs. G. Neilson—Glasgow ; Mrs. H. Overton— Birmingham ; Dr. G. H. Pethybridge—Dublin; Mrs. R. Lloyd Praeger—Dublin; Miss J. Stephens, B.Sc.—Dublin; Mrs. and Miss Wear—Belfast ; Miss Welch and Friend—Belfast ; and Mrs. Smith-Woodward—London. At 11-0 a.m. punctually the President took the chair, and at his request the Hon. Secretary read apologies for non-attendance from the following gentlemen :— 1813-1914. ] 19 Prof. G. H. Carpenter, B.Sc., M.R.I.A.—Dublin; Mr. Robert Cochrane—Dublin ; Dr. W. S. Elliott— Birmingham ; Dr. Wheeldon Hinde—Stoke-on-Trent ; Prof. T. Johnson—Dublin ; Mr. D. C. Patterson—Belfast; Mr. W. Denison Roebuck—Leeds ; Dr. R. F. Scharff, B.Sc., M.R.I.A.—Dublin; Mr. John W. Taylor—Leeds ; Mr. R. Standen—Manchester; Dr. B. M. Peach —Edinburgh; Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin—Reading; Mr. Joseph Wright, F.G.S.—Belfast ; and Rt. Hon. Robert Young—bBelfast. The President said :—-Ladies and gentlemen—It gives me very great pleasure to occupy the chair on this auspicious occasion, when we are celebrating the Jubilee of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. I offer a very hearty welcome to all those who have come to us from England, Scotland, and the various parts of Ireland to see how we conduct ourselves when investigating Nature here. I am glad to meet you all. Some of you I know by name, but I don’t think I ever met any of you in the flesh before, and it is a greater pleasure to me to extend the welcome of our Club to you who have come from across the water and other places. ‘The speakers who will follow me will tell you something of the doings of our Club in the past, and I hope some of the speakers may touch on the point of how to increase the influence of our Club, and to enlarge the number of workers in the society. We have a long list of friends to address us, and I now ask Mr. Praeger, our Vice-President, a Delegate from the Royal Irish Academy, to give you a short history of the Club. Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger, Vice-President of the Club and Delegate from the Royal Irish Academy, said:—I have been asked by the Committee who have made the arrangements for this meeting to sketch briefly the history and work of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, whose Fiftieth Anniversary we are assembled here to celebrate. I should have preferred that this honourable duty had fallen to one of those earliest members 20 [Proc. B.N.F.C., of the Club, whose presence with us to-day adds so much to the interest and pleasure of the present meeting. Beside them, I am quite a junior member; it is only thirty-six years since I attended my first excursion, at the age of eleven years; but I am the more honoured that this task has devolved upon me. The Belfast Club may be said fairly to owe its inception to that oft-abused body, the Science and Art Department. It 1860 the system of science classes, which had been inaugurated in England some years previously, was extended to Ireland, the first course carried out being a series of lectures on Geology by J. Bete Jukes. In the following year, under a more organized management, Ralph Tate was appointed to carry on the geological teaching begun by Jukes, and the scheme of lectures was soon extended to include Zoology, Botany, and Physiology. It says much for the skill of the teacher, and for the industry and aptitude of his pupils—at least one of whom is here to-day—that out of thirteen first-class prizes and eight medals awarded in the United Kingdom for Geology during the first year of Tate’s tuition, eleven of the former and six of the latter fell to his pupils. The interest aroused by these lectures, and the friendships formed among the students, suggested the continuation, in some form, of these concerted scientific studies; so when in January, 1863, a letter appeared in the Vorthern Whig advocating the formation of a Naturalists’ Field Club such as already existed in many English towns, it was warmly responded to by two of Tate’s successful students. The three correspondents met, and a document was prepared setting forth a draft constitution for a Natural History Club. When this was laid before the members of Tate’s classes, the warm reception which it received justified the calling of a public meeting, at which the Club was formally inaugurated. Of the three young men whose letters in the press formed the germ from which the Club sprang, one, W. T. Chew, the author of the first communication, left Belfast for London, after piloting the new Society through its first year ; the other two, 1913-1914.) 2I Hugh Robinson and Samuel Alexander Stewart, remained zealous supporters of the Club throughout their lives ; their connection with it was only terminated by their deaths. Shortly after its inception the Club held its first field meeting, a large party proceeding under Tate’s guidance on 6th April, 1863, to study the Secondary rocks at Larne and Islandmagee. During the fifty years which have intervened, a series of Summer meetings of this kind, and of Winter meetings for the reading and discussion of papers, have been held regularly. During these early years we find among the lists of the Officers and Committee the ; names of many who have long served the Club, or who have won renown in other fields ; among others, George Donaldson, John Grainger, William Gray, G. C. Hyndman, W. H. Phillips, W. H. Patterson, Hugh Robinson, S. A. Stewart, Ralph Tate, Wyville Thompson, William Swanston, and Joseph Wright. These and others, passing on the torch from hand to hand, have left us a fine tradition of devotion to science, and a goodly heritage of accumulated knowledge. But it must not be supposed that this Club was uniformly and easily successful in the mission to which it had set itself. Most societies of the kind have their periods of prosperity and of adversity, and the Belfast Club was no exception to the rule. When the first flush of novelty and the first wave of enthusiasm had passed by, there followed troublous times, when it needed all the zeal and perseverance of a devoted few to pull things through, and to pilot the Club to the safe anchorage of an established position and a sound scientific renown. To one man especially our thanks are due for his indomitable energy and the unflinching service which he rendered to the Club at this time. He is with us still, and is in this room to-day ; his name is William Gray. A tree is known by its fruit, and the success or non-success of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club may be judged from its printed records. Its seven volumes of “‘ Proceedings,” containing accounts of the Summer excursions and Winter lectures of fifty 22 [Proc. B.N.F.C., years, are full of observations bearing on the Natural History of the North of Ireland, and are in themselves a valuable body of scientific record. But its two volumes of “‘ Appendices ” possess a higher scientific importance. In these is published the more technical work of the members, covering many branches of Geology, Botany, Zoology, and Archeology. It was to Geology that the Club first devoted itself, and in the ‘‘ Appendices ” geological studies have always occupied a prominent place. As early as 1870, Ralph Tate led the way with his “ List of the Irish Liassic Fossils.” Swanston and Lapworth have correlated the Silurian rocks of County Down. Joseph Wright began early his researches on fossil Microzoa, which he extended from those of the Chalk and Lias to those of the Glacial and post-Glacial Beds. S. A. Stewart investigated the Mollusca of both the Boulder-Clays and the richly fossiliferous newer deposits which occupy many of our bays and estuaries. More recently much attention has been paid to the erratic blocks of our district, and with this work the name of Madame Christen will be always associated. In Botany also good service has been done. Shortly after the Club was founded S. A. Stewart began to collect materials for a local flora ; and, though many helped him, the work of exploring three counties fell mainly on himself. His “ Flora of the North- east of Ireland,” published by the Club in 1888, takes a high place among books of the kind. It includes not only the Flowering Plants, but also the Mosses and Hepatics. A “Sup- plement,” published seven years later, supplies much additional’ information relative to the local distribution of species. The Fungi of the district have engaged the attention of our President, who has enriched the “ Appendices” with a valuable list. In Zoology the publications of the Club do not embrace so wide a range. This may have been the result of the great attention devoted to the local fauna during the decade which preceded the Club’s formation. The work of William Thompson, ' Robert Patterson, A. H. Haliday, G. C. Hyndman, and others : 1913-1914. } 23 had brought into a foremost place our knowledge of the Zoology of the Belfast district, and possibly the less worked kindred sciences were held to claim attention next. But notable work has been done by Club members in various zoological groups, such as that of Wright and Malcomson on the Foraminifera and Ostracoda, and more recently that of Welch and Stelfox on the Land- and Fresh-water Mollusca. In Archeology it was members of this Club, such as W. J. . Knowles, William Gray, and W. H. Patterson who first drew attention to the implement-bearing raised beaches of the district, which are now so widely known; and much of the knowledge which we possess of the magnificent series of Neolithic remains, for which the North-east of Ireland is famous, is due to the work of our members. The Club has also performed a useful service in restoring and re-erecting certain monuments, such as town crosses, which had long ago been broken and scattered. When the British Association met in Belfast in 1874, it was suggested by the Club Committee that a local scientific guide- book should be prepared. This was carried out by the members, and it achieved a marked success—so much so that the example then set in Belfast has been followed at each subsequent meeting. The more recent meeting held in Belfast in 1908 was made the occasion for the production by the Club of a fresh work of the same kind, which forms the standard book of reference in every- thing relating to local science. Such, ladies and gentlemen, is in brief the record of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. I think that it is an honourable record, and I feel sure that you will join with me in wishing the Club another fifty years of useful work and of successful scientific investigation. Professor James Wilson, Delegate from the Royal Dublin Society, said:—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen—I come here from a society which is a little older than your society. I 24 [Proc. B.N.F.C., feel as if I were a kind of grandfather and you children. You are 50 years old; we are 183 years old. You started in 1863; we started in 1731. You started as a Club fully equipped to do the kind of work Mr. Praeger has spoken of. The Royal Dublin Society was started to promote improvements of all kinds. It did not limit itself to Science. A document I have refers to the “Dublin Society for improving husbandry, manufactures, and other useful arts and sciences.” I have read that to you to draw attention to the fact that the Dublin Society has given up, perforce I imagine, some of the work it started to do. At the present time it limits its energies to husbandry, chiefly cattle and live stock, and to science. It began some thirty or forty years ago, or perhaps not so long, having scientific meetings and publications, and now it is limited to those two main objects. You all know we in Dublin have no very great idea of the intellectuality of Belfast, but after what Mr. Praeger has said I am beginning to see we shall have to change our opinion. (Laughter.) I was forced to change that opinion a few years, ago out in Canada. I met a man of the same name as myself. I can’t remember whether he was a schoolmaster or bookseller, but he was one of the two. He was asking me what sort of a place Dublin was—‘“‘ It is a place burning to have a parliament, is it not?” TI replied ‘“‘Some of it is,” and he went on to say “Is there much intellectuality in Dublin?” and I said ‘We think it a very intellectual place, the most intellectual place in Ireland without any doubt.” ‘ But,” said he, ‘You have not a Naturalists’ Field Club like Belfast.” I found that he wasa son ofa Belfast man. I am glad to find the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club is not unknown to working-men, for I understand in your Club there are working-men, and have been from the beginning. It is a good thing to find that you have a Club in which working-men are brought in contact with those of a slightly better education, perhaps not always better, and so have a chance of leavening the whole neighbourhood. 1913-1914. 25 I, therefore, congratulate you on having attained your jubilee, and having done such good work in the past. Mr. George Donaldson said:—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen—Mr. Praeger has said nearly all that I intended to say. Very little has been left that I can say; but it has been insisted upon that I should say something, seeing that I was one of the originators of the Club. I may tell the gentleman who has just addressed us that all the originators of the Club, the half dozen of us who first met together, were working-men. As Mr. Praeger has said, the Club was really the outcome of the estab- lishment of the Department of Science and Art. The Art Department was started after the great exhibition of 1851, when we discovered we were rather behind in that sphere. Afterwards they added Science to it, and in 1859 the Department of Science and Art was formed for the purpose of sending out teachers and delivering lectures to working-people. The Council of the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society at that time called a public meeting that I attended, and the late Professor Wyville Thomson gave a very nice lecture on ‘‘Geological Forces.” They formed an educational committee, and then applied for lectures, the outcome of which was that in March, 1860, the late Professor Jukes came to Belfast and gave a series of lectures in the old Music Hall, which I attended with some others. We got a great deal of information on Geology, which was for ever after the ground work of our investigations. These lectures were so successful and attended by such large numbers of people that it was determined to send one of their very best teachers, the Jate Professor Ralph Tate, to Belfast the next Winter, and the local Science Committee held classes in Geology, Zoology, and Botany in the Museum. I attended the Geological classes with Mr. Stewart, Mr. Robinson, and a few more. After the year was over and when the examinations were passed in May, we discovered we were going to be lost. We were disbanded and did 26 [Proc. B.N.F.C., not know what to do. We had known each other previously, but we formed friendships then which lasted the whole of our lives. We didn’t know what to make of it, and Mr. Stewart said ‘‘ You can meet at my shop one evening in the week and we will go somewhere for a walk ;” and that was the origin of it all. We all fell in with that idea, and met usually on Wednesday evenings when our business was done, for we were all working at that time. We had rambles round the town, either for Geology, Botany, or Zoology, or mixed, as the case might be, for we gathered up everything and recorded everything more or less. We had passed the whole Summer in this way meeting on Wednesday evening, usually at Mr. Stewart’s, and if it was wet we met on Friday evening, and often we took a Saturday evening run on some of the excursion trains. That continued till next Winter, when Mr. Tate went to London in the early part of the next year to read a geological paper. While he was away we had a fortnight’s vacation, and during this fortnight a letter appeared in the paper, as Mr. Praeger has said, from Mr. Chew, advocating the formation of a Naturalists’ Field Club in Belfast. It struck us like a thunderbolt. We couldn’t understand it. We thought we had a Naturalists’ Field Club in our own way, and didn’t know what to do with this letter. We had a meeting and appointed Mr. Stewart and Mr. Robinson to reply in the newspaper, and they did so. Mr. Chew wrote back to the newspaper office and got their addresses. He wrote to them personally, asking them to meet at his house to see what could be done. Mr. Tate, in the meantime, had come back from London and was delighted with the idea. We made arrangements and decided to get a requisition signed by all who would like to form such a club. It was signed by a great number at our Science classes, and in three or four weeks we had between 70 and 80 names. We got a small circular printed calling a meeting of these people. At this meeting in 1863 we formed rules, appointed officers, and started the Club. That was the whole origin of the Club. Its history 1913-1914.} 27 since, Mr. Praeger has told you, but that little incident of the Science classes, the letter of Mr. Chew, and the surprise it gave us, I just thought I would mention. Mr. Chew had seen clubs in England totally unconnected with the Science classes, and then he put the suggestion in the paper, with the result that you know of. Dr. A. Smith-Woodward, Senior Secretary of the Geological Society of London, said :—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen— It gives me the greatest pleasure to come here to-day at the request of the President and Council of the Geological Society of London to convey to you their congratulations on the successful termination of the first half-century’s work of your Field Club. As you will judge from Mr. Praeger’s remarks, it is_ especially appropriate that the Geological Society of London, the oldest Geological Society in the world, should send a representative to congratulate you, because this Club has from the beginning been most intimately connected with the progress and the success of the Geological Society. It has furnished to the Society in London many distinguished Fellows, some of whom, I am glad to say, are living at the present time. In the early days Professor Tate himself was called away from Belfast. He was very much appreciated by the Society in London, and was appointed Assistant Secretary. Subsequently he migrated to Australia and became professor at Adelaide. 1 will not detain you long here, but I should like to say one word of appreciation from personal experience of the early classes of the Science and Art Department to which reference has been made. Long before our present elaborate methods came into being—it was in the seventies I attended some of these classes and got my first notions of Chemistry and Physics. We had no well-equipped laboratories or special apparatus of any kind, everything had to be done by ourselves from the simplest materials in the cheapest possible way. This exercise, I think, impressed upon the students the facts of 28 _ [Proc. B.N.F.C., the science much more effectively than some of those more elaborate arrangements by which they are now helped. The facts remained in our memory better than they do sometimes from the present methods. The way they brought out amateur workers was wonderful. I need only mention Samuel Alexander Stewart in connection with these early science classes, and his zealous work that brought him the honour of Associateship of the Linnean Society of London. Again I wish to express the great . pleasure it gives me to be here, and to thank you for the personal invitation you sent me, in addition to the official invitation. During the next half-century I wish the Club continued prosperity, and hope it will flourish even more than it has done in the past. Count Plunkett, Delegate from the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland, said :—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen—It is a great pleasure to me to come to congratulate an Irish society on such a splendid record. I know something of the difficulties, having been concerned myself with many Irish societies, not only of keeping them in existence but of keeping them active. I have not the advantage of being able to say, as some people can who are here to-day, that any society with which I have been connected for fifty years has had such success. On behalf of the Society of Antiquaries of Ireland I have to convey our feeling to this Club of the great service it has done to the study of Archeology. When the Society was started, for many years the study of pre-historic Archeology in Ireland was comparatively negligible till the example of this Club acted on some of the earlier societies, which undoubtedly were stimulated in their work by the example of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. I remember personally myself—I cannot readily forget— it is not fifty years but perhaps a little under forty years, since the great meetings held in Belfast which created such heart-burning at the time in many ways, of the British Association. Those controversies, I suppose—most of them—have melted away “into 1913-1914.} 29 the infinite azure of the past,” but one thing we do not forget is the work done by the Club in preparing that Handbook, which not only was a handbook for a considerable portion of the Antiquities of the North of Ireland, but which acted for the society of which I have now the honour to be President as a model example. I am also glad to be associated through my own Department with the foundation of the Club. I can, at least, have that little reflected glory, although I have no share in it. I desire this opportunity to say in connection with the study of Archeology and the forming of archzological collections, how much we in Dublin are in sympathy with you here in Belfast. I am sure the members of the Club are interested in the formation of the collection of Irish Antiquities in the Museum in Belfast, and lately in London I had the pleasure of being a partner in obtaining things for Ireland with a gentleman from Belfast, who purchased for the Belfast Museum. I hope that that fellowship will continue, and however we may be divided, there is no doubt when higher studies are concerned we are only one. It is with a feeling of such sympathy I come here to-day to speak on behalf of my own organisation. Mr. Wm. Gray said :—Mr. President—I cordially respond to the invitation I have received to attend this important anniversary of our Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. I am glad to do so, as one of the members of the Committee of the year 1864-55. I am standing happily between the two Secretaries of that year, who were my immediate predecessors in that important office. I have not promised a formal address, but I may be reasonably expected to say something, and first of all I must note I am called on to follow Count Plunkett, the distinguished President of the Royal Society of the Antiquaries of Ireland ; of _ which I am the oldest living member, and I most heartily welcome him, with all the Delegates of the other societies who have honoured us by there presence to-day. We are proud of old 30 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Ireland, particularly proud of the sphere of our operations, and all its attractions, which have a European, if not a world-wide reputation in Literature, Art, and Science. To trace its history would require us to go back to creation’s dawn ; its productions in Arts and Manufactures were the guide of Europe. ‘The first visitors who ever came to Ireland found its inhabitants, as busy manufacturers of flint and stone implements and weapons, well skilled in their effective use. We are told that mechanics were employed to adjust the geological features as at the Causeway, and you may be shown a quarry near Portrush, where students were prepared to construct the columns of the Causeway, so that this may be considered the first technical school in Europe. St. Patrick, we know, took an interest in Zoology, for tradition tells us ‘ He gave the toads and snakes a twist, and banished all the serpents.” So that Geology and Zoology, in which so many of you are distinguished experts, are no new subjects of inquiry in the North of Ireland. You will be conducted by members of the Club over many marked physical features, that no doubt arrested the attention of primitive man, and prompted him to establish settlements here, coeval with the dwellers of Kent’s cave, or the early races whose works are found in the sands and gravels of Central and Southern France. We wish your excursions in the North of Ireland every possible success. Sir Charles H. Brett said :—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen—lIt came to me by surprise to be called on to say a few words. I was happy to see that my name was not on the list of speakers, and I have asked the Chairman’s permission to leave, as I have a business appointment which takes me away. I was never a very active member of the Club, but I have always taken great interest in it. I was one of the earliest secretaries, but I don’t really remember how many years I held this post. I was not able to give very much time to it owing to other activities, but as I have said, I have always taken the greatest interest in the Club and 1913-1914.) 31 attended a great many of its meetings. They always made me think how useful the Club was in the city. Nothing else takes its place in giving people of all classes an opportunity of studying nature and the records of man. I have no doubt the work done has been extremely well done. A great deal of it is perhaps not peculiar to the North of Ireland, but a great deal of it is. I think such a Club as this is most useful in gathering together different members who get materials, which men of larger leisure, more time, and more general knowledge can study, and _ thereby become able to add to the great scheme of Science. I hope the Club may prosper long after I am gone. Mr. J. R. B. Masefield, Delegate from the North Staffordshire Naturalists’ Field Club, said :—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen —I need scarcely say, though at the cost of starting very early yesterday and crossing the little pond that separates us, what great pleasure it has given me and my co-delegates to come to-day and congratulate you on the jubilee of the Club, and the splendid work accomplished during the last fifty years. I have a very pleasant recollection of your Field Club, because it has on two occasions in years gone by welcomed us to Ireland, and showed us some of the great treasures which you possess. On these occasions we made a number of friends. You know, whenever naturalists meet they are brothers at once. Those friendships then made will, I am sure, be life-long friendships with us. Your President asked for suggestions as to increased membership, and I can only suggest this—Hold out the hand of friendship to the scientific working-man and encourage him in his studies. I am sure you will never regret having him as a member of your Club. I could give you many instances of working-men who are members of our own Club. In one case I found that five or six postmen and railway workers who had a scientific turn used to meet in a little room because they were afraid of letting their hobbies be known. I encouraged them in every possible way, and two of 32 (Proc. B.N.F.C., them, I can assure you, have turned out very great successes in the scientific line which they have taken up. One of them has been appointed assistant curator of our museum, and he is doing wonderfully good work there. In that way you will add to your membership very much, and you will never regret taking an interest in working-men with a scientific turn of mind. May I suggest, regarding the future working of your society, that you take up the work of the preservation of your Flora and Fauna. Take, for instance only, the birds we have lost and are in danger of losing—twenty different species of our British birds ! We shall lose more if we do not preserve them. Please take up the preservation of birds and mammals, also of the rarer plants. If possible, get protection orders in your district pro- tecting the birds and not allowing them to be exterminated. I have to thank you very much for the very kind invitation extended to me personally, as well as to co-representatives of our Club. I hope that your Club will flourish fifty years more, and fifty times fifty. Dr. George Neilson, President of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow, said:—I have great pleasure, Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, in coming here as representative of the Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow to convey its greetings to your Society and its veteran and pious fathers who are represented on the Bench this day, and to say how much we congratulate you upon the work you have done, and how cordially we hope that in the future your distinguished record will be surpassed. The Philosophical Society of Glasgow has been like yours in following certain main lines from the beginning. In our Society more than too years ago the foundation was very largely in Natural Science, and its work has remained and still to a considerable extent remains on those lines. Latterly the Society has broadened, and History as well as Science is having an important place in its programme. In connection with our Society, and as I am the 1913-1914] 33 representative sent to greet you, it is a pleasure and a duty to recall the fact that on our active roll for many years the name we of the Philosophical Society are proudest of in Glasgow is that of a Belfast man—I need hardly mention the name—Lord Kelvin. To-day I have listened to not a few very interesting, some very clever, and many entirely gratifying things, but to none more interesting than those which have indicated the keen democratic spirit which has animated your Club from the beginning, and which, I trust, will long be maintained. There is no question that societies like this are a force to be reckoned with—they have to consider themselves more or less fighting bodies, and they keep the professionally educational bodies up to the mark by their influence on the standard of the Universities themselves. I have not the slightest doubt that a body like this in Belfast, and many societies which I could name in Glasgow, are of the utmost moment in heightening the standard attained by public study. That brings me to remark on the principal functions of such societies. A city no doubt flourishes by its keen study of the various professional and scientific objects connected with the industries which it pursues. That is one way, but there is also another way of regarding the element of culture. There can be no doubt of the usefulness of the prosecution of general studies which, although not directly required for the technical equipment of men for their calling, yet enhance the view which men take of life and of their duties as citizens. It is to such things as these there is owing the advance in the city’s mind and the raising of the cultural standard which that city attains. I have not the least doubt from all I have heard to-day that you have in your Club a most valuable public asset, which makes more attainable the objects which your city aims to serve. One word in conclusion only, touching the question raised by the Chairman and discussed by one or two of the speakers, ¢.¢., as to the steps necessary to maintain and enhance the services and the member- ship of your Club. There are only two methods, I believe. G 34 [Proc. B.N.F.C., In the first place your Club has got to encourage the specialists. It is by fostering discovery and discussions of new scientific, historical, and general propositions that societies most truly live. You must encourage the specialists. But in the second place you must encourage the public. After all it is through the public and for the public your work is done. It is by the public getting interested in your work that you will get the most advantage out of the field work which you pursue. Your membership must be steadily and jealously maintained. Fresh blood, of the best, must always be coming in. Our Society in Glasgow has tackled this question by maintaining a standing permanent Membership Com- mittee to see that the ranks are always being filled up by the best men. The results are sometimes very gratifying, and have had the best effect possible in keeping the Society vigorously alive by the maintenance and education of popular as well as scientific interest. Mr. Wm. H. Patterson, an original member and ex-President of the Club, said :—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen—I can recollect so well the one or two informal meetings held fifty years ago in the old Museum, where those who knew something of the work of Field Clubs explained to the rest of us what we might expect to do. I remember how pleased we were at the prospect of taking part in the field meetings, and how gladly the early members responded to the invitations they received to visit various places where they might work together, examining, collecting, and learning. I owe a debt of gratitude to those men and women who fifty years ago founded this Club, and this for two main reasons—the first connected with persons and the second with places. In attending the meetings of the Club I met many members and visitors whom I had not known before and who became my friends, and whom but for the agency of our Club I might never have met at all. Those who are still here remain my friends, and I hope will be so till the end. 1013-1914.} 35 Then as to places—I have had the advantage of visiting many places, both in the North of Ireland and in other parts of our country, which probably but for the excellent arrangements made by the Club’s Committee might have remained unknown to me and unvisited even to this day. Many of those places were most interesting ; a casual person found no difficulties of travel or of making out routes or times for himself, all was done for him, and besides, interested and congenial fellow-travellers were also tempted to enter on those pleasant Club excursions. What interesting talks we had, some one teaching and others learning. We know how many students of Nature received their first call at the meetings of our Club. That I am not to-day a Geologist, a Botanist, or a Zoologist is no fault of the Club, the fault is in myself, for I had many Opportunities of learning much about these things and others, but the delight of the open air, the pleasant intercourse, and the rest from other occupations kept me, perhaps, from being an earnest student in the branches of Science attended to by Field Clubs. I might have made myself a name for research in some important branch, but when I had opportunities I was not keen enough. My last words to all members, the young especially, are—Do not meglect your opportunities, be as keen as you can, be in earnest. Professor Grenville A. J. Cole, Dean of the Royal College of Science for Ireland, and Director of the Geological Survey of Ireland, said :—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen—Mr. Praeger has analysed the geological work of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field ‘Club, and I need only add my sincere appreciation of its value. I am indeed proud to be here as representative of the Royal College of Science, and I am sorry that, through two unfortunate accidental circumstances, I am the only representative of that College, and thus of the Department of Agriculture for Ireland. Directly the College knew that it was invited to send delegates, it was felt that the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club should be 36 [Proc. B.N.F.C., adequately honoured by the presence of the three professors of the Natural History staff. Unfortunately Professor Johnson and Professor Carpenter are unable to be present, and they express their regrets through me. ‘The Natural History branch in our College is a strong one in staff and equipment, because in a rural country, a country largely devoted to agriculture, Natural History must always fill an unusually large position. Consequently we fully realize the value of the work done by the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. For that reason I am particularly glad to be able to. thank you to-day personally. We have known your hospitality in Belfast for many years. What I know of the north-east of Ireland has been due almost entirely to the kindness of members of the Club, who have taken me over the ground during the last fifteen or twenty years. From a departmental point of view, generations of our students have been indebted to this Club, and to work of the best kind done by amateurs throughout the North of Ireland. Even before the Club existed there were memorable workers in - the North of Ireland. I need only mention Sampson’s map of Londonderry, and the work of Hamilton and Richardson on the northern basaltic area. Such men were always turning attention to the Natural History of the north, collecting material which for official purposes it has been a duty to collate, and on which we could not hope to improve. Our students owe perhaps more to one member of this Club than to any others; I refer to Mr. Robert J. Welch. Day after day we are utilising his magnificent series of illustrations, which are truly scientific observations, and which he has always been willing to give away, with marked generosity, to his friends. For myself, and in the name of the Royal College of Science, I thank the Club most warmly for the knowledge of Ireland afforded by its researches, and this knowledge we endeavour to the best of our ability to reproduce for our students in the south. 1913-1914. ] 37 Mr. Reginald A. Smith, of the British Museum, said :—Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen—In adding my tribute of admiration and congratulation on fifty years of honest and successful work done by the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, I should like to express my gratification on receiving an invitation to be present to participate in this celebration, and further, on being able to accept the invitation personally. On the programme I am described as a Delegate from the British Museum. That is, unfortunately, not the case, because the suggestion that I should be a Delegate came a little too late for presentation to the Trustees. Moreover, that task would be more fittingly performed by my esteemed colleague, Dr. Smith Woodward. My immediate chief, Sir Hercules Read, is not only keeper of British and Medieval Antiquities in the British Museum, but President of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and may, therefore, be taken as a representative of British Archeology. He sends his greetings, and hopes that the future will bring us a little closer together to enable you and us to get something more out of the Archeology of Ireland than has hitherto been the case. I am reminded on this occasion that one of the founders of the British Museum was a Co. Down man. To be precise, eighteen miles south-east of this spot was born, on the shores of Strangford Lough, at Killyleagh, Sir Hans Sloane, who was a great man and a credit to his country. He was born in that blessed year 1660, and at the early age of 25 was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. I suppose most of us could not do that if we lived to be a hundred. He followed no less a person than Newton in the Chair of that Society, and on his death, in 1753, the government bought his collection (partly inherited and partly acquired by extensive travels, especially in the West Indies), by means of a state lottery, which was scandalously mismanaged. The President has asked for suggestions with regard to the future usefulness of the Club. There are two points on which I might lay stress. The first is that Archeology should take a 38 [Proc. B.N.F.C., foremost place among the pursuits of a Club like this: even if it is scarcely a Science, it is certainly a most interesting hobby, and may become a Science in time to come. Belfast and the country around have much to tell us regarding the Archzology of the British Islands, and I am sure there are in the Club competent members who could throw a great deal of light on the very remote past of Ireland. The second point is that every Naturalists’ Field Club or Scientific Society should work in conjunction with the local museum. The conditions in Belfast are no doubt perfect. You are all, of course, interested in the Belfast Museum, and I understand you have erected, or are about to erect, a fine building to contain your antiquities. In England circumstances are not always so favourable. I go about a good deal and come in contact with some of the provincial societies: what I find is that where a local Society is in working order the Museum is not; and where both are weak they are usually fighting. That is a sad state of affairs. A museum is as necessary to such a Society as a dissecting theatre is to a hospital, and I hope the great example set by Belfast will be copied not only in Ireland, but also in Great Britain. In conclusion, let me say that my departmental colleagues at the British Museum send their hearty greetings to the members of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club, while I myself hope to renew friendships made some years ago on two or three previous visits to Ireland, and make new friendships during this expedition. Mr. R. M. Barrington, Delegate from the Dublin Naturalists’ Field Club and the Royal Zoological Society of Ireland, said :— Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen—I am sure you will not consider it any disrespect to the other speakers if I say that. by this time you must be getting a little tired. Most people begin, no matter how interesting the addresses are, to get weary after two hours. I hope, therefore, you will bear with me during the three minutes at my disposal. First of all I congratulate the 1913-1914.] 39 Field Club on reaching its fiftieth year. A long time ago I made a map of Great Britain and Ireland showing all the different Field Clubs as black dots. In the whole of Ireland we had only one, and that one was the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. Having studied their history and development I came to the conclusion that when one lasts for fifty years it will last for ever, and who doubts that the Belfast Club will last for ever. Mr. Gray made a remark which rather suggested that he found the remains of a “field club” in some deposit near Belfast, which proved its existence before the Ice Age. j I want to thank you for the way you have helped our Club in Dublin. You have helped us perhaps most by sending from Belfast Mr. Lloyd Praeger. He reminds me of a powerful motor car, full of energy, driven by an intelligent man. You are carried along, and if an old cock like myself is run over, we still say— what a wonderful machine! Well, we would never get along if we hadn’t Mr. Praeger. I suggested in Dublin they should hang up glass cases in some conspicuous parts of the city containing pictures or specimens of the migratory birds as each arrives in Spring. I suggest the same in Belfast, where you have probably the best bird stuffer in Europe, Mr. Sheals. The permission of the Corporation or the other necessary authorities should be obtained, and each exhibit should have conspicuously printed—‘“ This case is placed here dy the Belfast Naturalists Field Club.” Then those persons who never heard of your Club might join or otherwise support it. In America, I believe, they have done this in some cities. I would also like to advocate the establishment of a Zoological Gardens in Belfast. In many things you are before Dublin, but you have not got a Zoo yet. And that reminds me that I must thank you on behalf of the Royal Zoological Society of Ireland, whom I have the honour to represent at this meeting, for the invitation to be with you on this most interesting anniversary. 40 [Proc. B.N.F.C., The President said :—I have to read a letter conveying the congratulations of the Cardiff Naturalists’ Society, received by the Honorary Secretaries :— “The Cardiff Naturalists’ Society hereby convey their hearty congratulations to their sister society at Belfast on attaining its jubilee, and on the valuable and extensive work it has accomplished. The Cardiff Society wish their colleagues at Belfast great success in their jubilee celebrations, and long and increased prosperity in the future. (Signed) E. P. PERMAN, President.” Many similar letters have been received from kindred societies unable to send delegates. I have to thank all the speakers for their valuable suggestions as to the future working of our Club. My next duty is a pleasant one—namely, to make a small presentation to one of our original members, Mr. W. H. Phillips, who has occupied the position of Hon. Treasurer for twenty-eight of the fifty years since the commencement of our Club. This presentation took the form of an address, tastefully illuminated by Mr. John Vinycomb, M.R.I.A., and signed by each member of the Committee. Mr. Phillips, in reply, said:—When I came to this room to-day, I had no idea of this presentation. It has taken me by surprise. I thank you for it. It has been my chance to be useful to this Society and I have made use of it. I think we are all tired now and I won’t say any more. The President, in closing the proceedings, said :—Before we break up, I should like to propose that the thanks of all the members of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club be conveyed to the Delegates who have come to honour us by their presence, by their - 1913-1914. ] 41 congratulations, and by their various suggestions. For me it is a happy day to occupy the chair on this occasion. Mr. F. A. Heron seconded the vote of thanks, which was passed by acclamation. Mr. W. H. Holt (Liverpool) and Mr. H. Overton (Birmingham) acknowledged the compliment on behalf of the Delegates, and the proceedings then terminated. EXCURSION TO THE GIANT’S RING. In the afternoon a party of seventy-eight members and visitors, under the conductorship of Mr. R. J. Welch, drove to the Giant’s Ring. On arrival the party examined the rath and cromlech, and Mr. Alec Wilson gave an account of what he believed to be the origin of the structure.~ In the course of his remarks he said—‘“ ‘This rath—which is one of the finest in all Ireland, and one of the most imposing in western Europe—has little recorded history. Its foundation is lost in time; its very name is unknown, so we are-forced to consider it on general grounds. The space enclosed is about eight acres; the circum- ference on the summit of the earth ring being about 750 yards; whilst the outside measurement would be nearly half a mile. The rampart is about 80 feet broad at the base, with equal slopes on both sides, and is sufficiently high to obscure from sight the surrounding country from any person standing at the cromlech, which is erected near the centre. A modern wall, erected in 1841, surrounds the whole. The original site was doubtless a rounded hill, the top of which was lowered and levelled to form the enclosing rampart of earth. Whether this encircling earth ring is chambered or not has never been investigated. The cromlech at present -consists of nine boulders of basalt, all worn and unhewn, with a covering slab. The chamber formed by these is about five feet ‘square. The cap stone is about seven feet broad and long, and a 42 [Proc. B.N.F.C.,. foot thick. There were within the last two hundred years several other stones forming an avenue, now unfortunately removed.” Mr. Reginald Smith, of the British Museum, speaking after Mr. Wilson, pointed out how members of the Club could do much good work by having a systematic investigation made of this and similar structures. He said he believed that the cromlech repre- sented a dolmen and passage, in which burials took place. If this be so, the date of the structure must be between 2000 and 3000 B.c. The rampart would, perhaps, be built afterwards, A short general discussion then followed. This was brought to a conclusion by the Conductor announcing that “‘tea was ready.” CONVERSAZIONE. In the evening the delegates, members, and their friends attended a Conversazione in the Assembly Hall, Assembly Buildings. In the Archeological Section there were many exhibits worthy of notice. Miss Elizabeth Andrews showed some rush crosses and harvest knots, while Lt.-Col. R. G. Berry displayed West African implements and other objects, also. original drawings and MSS. by Edward Getty for pamphlet on Tory Island. Mr. W. J. Fennell showed exquisite examples of art metal work of ancient Ireland, and measured drawings of souterrains. Mr. Thomas Luney, an exhibit of Irish coins and medals, which included specimens from the very first coin used in Ireland, up till recent times; Mr. William Mayes, medals by Irish medallists. Mr. Robert May had on exhibition his unique collection of Ulster iron rushlight and other candlesticks; also pewter plates and jug of 18th century. Among those who. exhibited ancient implements were Rev. Canon Lett, flint imple- ments; Mr. J. W. Dunlop, ancient stone implements ; Mr. Joseph Skillen, a recent find of flint implements ; implements from the Bann, and unusual types; a rare specimen showing marks of lashing for hafting. The photographs displayed were numerous.. 913-1914.) : 43 Mr. William Gray’s photographs illustrated the character and distribution of prehistoric flint and stone implements, chiefly collected from raised beaches, sand-dunes, and early settlements of prehistoric man in Counties Antrim and Down; Messrs. A. R. and D. J. Hogg showed archeological photographs taken. in Ulster, and Field Club pictures; while Mr. R. J. Welch showed photographs of ‘‘survivals” and other archzeological objects. Rey. D. Stewart exhibited Muster Rolls of County Down, 1630 ; Belfast pamphlet encouraging emigration, 1717; three pikes, 1798; and MS. Book of Killyleagh Academy, 1710. An exhibit of “survivals” of the Neolithic age, including many varieties of scrapers, was shown by Mr. W. J. Knowles. Mr. Wm. Swanston showed early-printed maps of Ulster. The Lavens Mathewson, and Buick collections of Presbyterian communion tokens, early pewter plate, and a sun-dial made by James Carter, Greyabbey, 1774, were exhibited by kind permission of the Presbyterian Historical Society. In the Botanical Section Mr. N. Carrothers’s exhibit of local plants attracted much attention from the visitors, and Mr. R. Ll. Praeger gave those interested in botany a real treat by his display of rare Irish plants, illustrated by photographs, and fresh and dried specimens. Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson showed some typical plants of the basaltic escarpments of Antrim and Derry, the British species of Spzvranthes, and Adoxa Moschatellina L. from its only Irish station. Mr. A. W. Stelfox exhibited some Irish Saxifrages; Mr. W. E. Hart specimens of the rare Morell, Morchella conica, from Culdaff, East Donegal; Miss M. D. Mitchell a few local Myxomycetes. To those interested in ferns Mr. W. H. Phillips’s array of fern fronds afforded much pleasure, while Mr. Nevin H. Foster showed varieties of Athyrium Filtx- Joemina raised from spores. The Geological exhibits showed clearly the interest taken in this branch of the Club’s work, Mr. Robert Bell being responsible for a fine collection of Upper Cretaceous fossils from Londonderry and Antrim; Miss M. K. Andrews, specimens of the orbicular granite of Mullaghderg, 44 [Proc. B.N.F.C., County Donegal; Mr. Charles Bulla, a collection of fossil fish from Irish Carboniferous rocks; Mr. James Orr, a collection of _ local Liassic fossils. Mr. Joseph Wright’s microscopic exhibit of Pleistocene foraminifera formed an endless source of interest throughout the evening. Dr. A. R. Dwerryhouse showed topo- graphical models of the Belfast district, a core from the boring in Triassic conglomerate at Stranmillis and minerals from the Mourne granites. Mr. R. J. Welch’s photographs illustrated local Geology. Mr. J. Wilfrid Jackson exhibited some fossil vertebrata and fossil mollusca from Dog’s Hole Cave, Warton, Lancashire, and Mr. L. Mueller showed some minerals, zeolites, and Cre- taceous fossils from Cave Hill. This section was much enriched by Dr. R. F. Scharff’s exhibit of remains of mammoth, hyzena, reindeer, and other animals from the bone-cave at Doneraile, County Cork. Among the Zoological exhibitors were Mr. George Donaldson, who displayed a collection of local lepidoptera and marine mollusca; Mr. N. H. Foster, maps showing the recorded distribution of woodlice in Ireland; Mr. Joseph Maxwell, an exhibit of microscopic pond-life, including living and mounted examples of Volvox, rotifers, and entomostraca. Mr. R. H. Whitehouse showed some local planarians. Mr. R. J. Welch showed living examples of local mollusks, including -_e—___- Hon. MemBers. Lapworth, Professor Charles, LL.D., F.R.S., The University, Birmingham. Plunkett, Thomas, M.R.J.A., Enniskillen. Scharff, Robert F., Ph.D., F.L.S., M.R.I.A., National_Museum, Kildare Street, Dublin. Corresponding Wember. Holden, J. 8., M.D., Sudbury, Suffolk. Life Meméers. Ewart, Sir W. Q., Bart., Glenmachan, Strandtown. Stelfox, A. W., A.R.I.B.A., M.R.1I.A., Delamere, Chlorine Gdns. Wilson, Alec G., J.P., M.R.I.A., Belvoir Park. Ordinary MemBers. Adams, Miss-M. I., Margaret Street, Newry. Adams, John J., M.D., Ashville, Antrim, Agnew, Miss Jean, 14 St. Mary’s Place, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Allibon, George H., 19 Short Strand. Anderson, Sir Robert, Bart., J.P., Donegall Place, Anderson, Miss Sarah, 4 Church View, Holywood. Andrew, J. J., L.D.S., University Square. Andrews, Miss, 12 College Gardens. Andrews, Miss M. K., 12 College Gardens, Andrews, Miss E. L., Inla, Comber. Andrews, Miss M. A., 50 Eglantine Avenue. Andrews, Dr. Marion B., 17 University Square. Andrews, Michael C., 17 University Square. Baillie, W. T., Marathon, Knock. Barrett, J. H., Farnham Road, Bangor. Baxter, (the late) James, Midland Railway Company. 1905. 1883. 1913. 1905. 1896. 1893. 1909. 1908. 1895. 188 £. 1898. 1911. 1887. 1904. 1904. 1893. 1913. 1894. 1904. 1883. 1863. 1883. 1907. 1874. 1903. 1876. 1899. 1912. 1903. 1903. 1909 1904. 1913. 1892. 1892. 1907. 1901. 1913. 1904. 1907. 1894. 1894. 1890. 1893. 1904. 1892. 1906. 1907. l 26 [Proe. B.N.F.C., Beck, Miss, 1 Derry volgie Avenue. Beck, Miss Emma, Hampden Terrace, Rugby Road. Bell, D. M., 22 Cyprus Avenue. Bell, Dr. Elizabeth, College Gardens. Bell, E. George, Bellvue, Lurgan. Bell, Robert, 64 Newington Avenue. Bennett, Edward, Forth River Mill. Bennett, S. A., B.A., B.Se., Campbell College. Berry, Lt.-Col. R. G., M.R.1I.A., The Castle, Richhill. Biggar, Francis J., M.R.I.A., Ardrie, Antrim Road. Blackwood, Miss 8., 6 College Green. Blackwood, Miss M. A., 6 College Green. Blair, (the late) Edward 8., Rusheen, Glenburn Park. Blair, Mrs. Edward 8., Rusheen, Glenburn Park. Boyce, Joseph, Kincora, Cregagh. Boyd, Miss, The Elm Trees, St. Edward’s Road, Southsea. Boyd, Miss A., Carntaul, Carnmoney. Boyd, W. C., Hazelbank Villa, Ravenscroft Avenue. Braithwaite, W. T., 14 Botanic Avenue. Brandon, Hugh B., J.P., 2 Wellington Place. Brett, Sir Charles H., Gretton Villa South. Brown, Thomas, J.P., 102 Donegall Street. Browne, F. Balfour, M.A., F.R.S.E., F.Z.8., 26 Barton Road, Cambridge. Browne, W. J., M.A., M.R.I.A., Templemore Park, Londonderry. Bruce, Mrs., Thornley, Holywood. Bulla, Charles, Iona, 272 Lisburn Road. Burrowes, W. B., Ballynafeigh House. Byrne, Mrs., 61 Raglan Street. Campbell, D. C., J.P., M.B.O.U., Templemore Park, Londonderry. Campbell, Wm. M., 34 Eglantine Avenue. Campbell, John, Albert Brickworks, Carrickfergus. Carmody, Rev. W. P., Newtownbreda. Carrothers, Mrs., Duneane, Ormeau Road. Carrothers, Nathaniel, 145 Stranmillis Road. Carson, J. C., 8 Wellington Place. Chambers, W., 3 Custom House Square. Cheyne, H. H., Roseneath, Bangor. Churchili, Miss Alice, Inverary, Strandtown. Clarke, Mrs. John, 2 College Gardens. Clarke, Thos., jun., Percy Street Flour Mills. Cleland, Alex. M‘TI., Macedon, Green Road, Knock. . Cleland, Mrs. Annie, Macedon, Green Road, Knock. Cleland, James A., Bernagh West, Malone Park. Cleland, W. W., 56 Wellington Park. Cocking, Miss C. E., 10 Glebe Road, Huddersfield. Costigan, Wm., 4 Gt. Victoria Street. Cowie, James, Midland Railway Co. Oraig, Robert, 5 Crescent Gardens. 1913-1914.] 127 1893. 1913. 1884. 1882. 1882. 1905. 1904. 1891. 1891. ) _ 1907. 1904. 1909. 1913. 1897. 1908. 1912. 1909. 1884. 1887. 1905. 1904. 1912. 1868. 1899. 1894. tort. 1912. 1913. 1897. 1906. 1908. 1899. 1899. 1903. 1911. 1909. 1891. 1892. 1904. 1890. 1891. 1896. 1892. Cunningham, Chas. M., L.D.S., D.D.S., Rostellan, University Rd. Cunningham, Miss M. E., Glencairn, Belfast. Cunningham, Samuel, Fernhill. Curley, Francis, J.P., High Street. Curley, Mrs., Dunedin Terrace. Dawson, R. A., A.R.C.A., Iniskeen, Holywood. Deane, Arthur, Municipal Museum, Royal Avenue. D’Evelyn, Alex. M., M.D., Ballymena. Dickson, John M., 34 Wellington Park. Donaldson, George, 1 Prospect Street. Doran, John, J.P., Dunotter, Malone Road. Douey, 8. H., Brook Villa, Barnett’s Road, Knock. Drummond, Miss Ina, 39 Atlantic Avenue. Duffin, Miss Kathleen M., B.Sc., Rokeby, Deramore Park. Duncan, William, 42 College Park Avenue. Duncan, William, 2 Manilla Terrace. Dunlop, T. W., Scarva. Dwerryhouse, A. R., D.Sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A., Queen’s University, Elliott, David, B.A., Ardroe, Bloomfield. Elliott, George H., Bryndhu, Holywood. English, James, Murray Street. Entrican, Miss Sarah, 33 Botanic Avenue. Erskine, Mrs., Claremont, Holywood. Faren, W., 11 Mountcharles. Fennell, Mrs., Deramore Drive. Fennell, W. J., F.R.I.B.A., 2 Wellington Place. Fenton, Francis K., 9 Donegall Square North. Ferguson, Mrs., St. Helen’s, Holland Park, Knock. Ferguson, Samuel, St. Helen’s, Holland Park, Knock. Finlay, Miss, St. Kilda’s East, Old Nichol Street, Bethnal Green, London. Finlay, Arch. H., Holywood. Flynn, W. G. W., Galgorm, Ballymena. Forth, Francis C., A.R.C.Se.I., Technical Institute. Foster, Nevin H., F.L.S., M.R.I.A4., M.B.0.U., Hillsborough. Foster, Mrs. N. H., Hillsborough. Foster, Miss, Hillsborough. Foster, Miss, Richmond Villas. Frame, John, Alfred Street. Fulton, David, Arlington, Windsor Avenue, Gaffikin, William, J.P., Notting Hill. Galloway, Peter, 55 Botanic Avenue. Galloway, Joseph, 50 Eglantine Avenue. Gallway, W. H., Belgravia, Bangor. Gamble, Miss, Lorne, Craigavad. 128 [Proc. B.N.F.C., 1899. Gamble, J. G., 42 Hopefield Avenue. 1899. Gardner, Campbell, jun., Windsor Park. 1893. Gibson, Andrew, Lansdowne Road. 1905. Glover, James, Seaview, Kirkcubbin. 1885. Godwin, William, Queen Street. 1912. Grainger, Miss, Ballykeel, Holywood. 1863. Gray, William, M.R.I.A., Glenburn Park, Cavehill Road. 1892. Green, Mrs. Isaac, Hawthornden, Knock. 1895. Green, Wm. A., 4 Salisbury Terrace, Chichester Park. 1905. Greenfield, Miss M., 8 High Street, Holywood. 1901. Greeves, J. Theodore, Nendrum, Knockdene Park. 1901. Greeves, W. Leopold, Ormeau Avenue. 1901. Greeves, Fergus M., Rydal Mount, Knock. 1901. Gullan H. F., City Hall. 1909. Gwynne-Vaughan, Prof., M.A., F.L.S., M.R.I.A., Queen’s University. 1908. Hadden, D.H., M.B., Magharee, Portadown. 1907. Hadden, Dr. Robert E., Ardralla, Portadown. 1883. Hamilton, Rev. T., D.D., LL.D., Vice-Chancellor, Queen’s University. 1908. Hamilton, Miss, 5 Church Avenue, Holywood. 1877. Hamilton, John, 5 Church Avenue, Holywood. 1893. Hazelton, (the late) W. D., Oldforge, Dunmurry. 1908. Henry, F. W., Ye Olde Castle, Castle Place. 1876. Heron, F. A., Cultra, Holywood. 1912. Hewton, J., M.P.S.1., Ava Pharmacy, Ormeau Road. 1905. Hobson, Mrs., Marino. 1892. Hobson, Benjamin, Marino. 1895. Hogg, A. R., 13 Trinity Street. 1908. Hogg, D. J., 16 Kansas Avenue. 1903. Holland, Miss, 33 Wellington Park. 1904. Holland, Frank, 76 Eglantine Avenue. 1906. Hopkirk, I. G., Midland Railway Co. 1911. Houston, Miss, Lisheen, Sans Souci Park. 1901. Jackson, J. L. 8., St. Helier’s, Cavehill Road. 1891. Jackson, A. T., 8 Derryvolgie Avenue. 1892. Jaffe, Lady, Kinedar, Strandtown. 1909. Jenkins, W. A., 6 Elmwood Terrace. 1901. Johnson, Rev. W. F., M.A., F.E.S., M.R.1.A., Acton Glebe Poyntzpass. 1906. Johnston, F. W., The Cottage, Cultra. 1908. Johnston, Mrs., The Cottage, Cultra. 1913. Kench, Henry, 30 Cromwell Road. 1899. Killen, Wm., 22 Waring Street. 1886. Kirkpatrick, F., 27 Oxford Street. 1868. Knowles, W. J., M.R.1I.A., Flixton Place 8., Ballymena. 1877. Kyle, R. A., 18 Donegall Place. 1913-1914.] 129 1863. 1901. 1912. 1912. 1877. 1899, 1912. 1893. 1908. 1910. 1910. 1905. 1877. 1903. 1913. 1864. 1904. 1905. 1912. 1901. 1876. 1905. 1899. 1899. 1901. 1901. 1913. 1880. 1891. 1897. 1892. 1908. 1903. 1905. 1893, 1903. 1903. 1897. 1912. 1906. 1907. 1894. 1901. 1910. 1912. 1891. 1898. 1913. Lamb, Miss, Tranmere, Osborne Park. Larmor, H. G., J.P., Lisburn. Ledgerwood, N. J., 10 Wellington Park. Ledgerwood, Miss H., B.A., 10 Wellington Park. Lett, Rev. Canon H. W., M.A., M.R.1I.A., Aghaderg Glebe, Loughbrickland. Lindsay, Prof., M.D., 3 Queen’s Elms. Long, Robert J., 18 College Green. Lowry, D. E., 25 Donegall Place. Lowry, James, Llewellyn Avenue, Lisburn. Lowry, Miss L., Hazelwood, Bloomfield. Lynn, Miss M. J., B.Sc., Albany Cottage, Carrickfergus. MacCleary, A., College Square East. MaclIlwaine, Mrs., Encliffe, Bangor. Macllwaine, Dr. J. E., 26 College Gardens. Macllwaine, Robert, Court House, Downpatrick. MacKenzie, John, C.E., 2 Wellington Place. Macoun, John R., Northlands, Deramore Park. Macoun, Mrs., Clanrolla, Windsor Park. Macoun, Stephenson, Clanrolla, Windsor Park. MacRea, Kenneth, Balmoral. Major, Rev. J. J., Doagh. Malcolm, Miss Susan, Downshire Road, Holywood. Malcomson, Walter, Cran-y-gael, Osborne Gardens. Malcomson, J. G. B., Cairnburn, Strandtown. Malcomson, Herbert T., 32 Arthur Street. Malcomson, Joseph, 32 Arthur Street. Manning, J. B., Windsor Avenue, Bangor. Marsh, Mrs., Glenlyon, Holywood. Marshall, H. C., Bangor. Massaroon, Mrs., Charles Street, Berkhamstead, Herts. Maxton, James, Victoria Street. Maxwell, Henry, Dunalbine, Deramore Park. Maxwell, Joseph, J.P., Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. Maxwell, Mrs., Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. May, Robert, 40 Hopefield Avenue. Maybin, Hugh, B.A., Intermediate School, Lisburn. Mayne, H. Horner, Fierna, Osborne Park. Megarry, John, 229 Springfield Road. Metge, Mrs. R. H., Lisburn. Millar, Thomas O., 306 Antrim Road. Milligan, Miss, Drumgooland, Knockbreda Park. Milligan, Alex., 225 Springfield Road. Milne, J. N., Foylemore, St. Jude’s Avenue. Mitchell, Miss M. D., B.Sc., A.R.C.Se.1., Drumbo Rectory. Mitchell, Miss M. W. H., B.Sc., Anahilt Manse, Hillsborough. Mollan, W. S., Hampton, Derryvolgie Avenue. Montgomery, H. C., 40 Rosemary Street. Montgomery, Miss E. 8., 26 College Green. 130 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Montgomery, Miss Jane E., 8 Sandhurst Road. Moore, 8. A., Ardgreenan, Downshire Road, Bangor. Morris, A. B., Cloonee Villa, Rosetta Park. Morrison, A., Cherrydene, Knock. Mueller, L., 18 Stranmillis Gardens. Muir, A. H., Craig Roystan, Castle Park. Muir, Mrs., Craig Roystan, Castle Park. Munce, W. B., Rosemary Street. M‘Bretney, W. A. J., 31 Haypark Avenue. M‘Cance, James, 2 Haston Terrace. M‘Cance, Stouppe, 3 Markham Square, London, W.C. M‘Cleery, H., 20 Franklin Street. M‘Cleery, J. O., Ava House, Old Cavehill Road. M‘Cluggage, W. J., Riverside, Holywood. M‘Connell, James, 21 Cyprus Park, Bloomfield. M‘Connell, James, J.P., Stranmillis House. M‘Connell, Miss, Stranmillis House. M‘Cormack, Mrs., Craig Roystan, Cherry Valley, Knock. M ‘Cormick, (the late) H. M‘Neile, Craigavad. M‘Cready, John, 4 Mountcollyer Crescent. M‘Creary, R., 34 Thorndale Avenue. M‘Crum, Mrs., Ballyvesey, Carnmoney. M‘Dowell, Miss, Moira, Co. Down. M‘Kee, Wm. 8., 20 Mill Street. M‘Kinney, W. F., Sentry Hill, Carnmoney. M‘Kinney, Miss, Sentry Hill, Carnmoney. M ‘Millan, W., J.P., 30 Ashley Avenue. M'‘Mordie, (the late) R. J., J.P., M.P., Cabin Hill, Knock. M‘Neill, Charles S., 37 Ashley Avenue. Naylor, Miss Clara, St. Leonards, Bloomfield. Orr, James, 17 Garfield Street. Patchell, Mrs., 45 Malone Avenue. Patterson, D. C., Glenard, Holywood. Patterson, Robert, F.L.S., M.R.1.A., M.B.O.U., (Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, Mrs. Robert, Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, Miss Clara, Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, Wm. H., M.R.1.A., Garranard, Strandtown. Patterson, J. W., Rosavo, Cultra. Patterson, M. 8., Rosavo, Cultra. Phillips, Wm. H., Lemonfield, Holywood. Pim, John, J.P., Bonaven, Antrim Road. Pim, Thos. W., 21 Victoria Street. Pim, Joshua, 6 Donegall Square South. M‘Kean, Edward John, B.A., B.L., Rosaville, Fortwilliam Park. a 1913-1914.] 131 1903. 1903. 1890. 1890. 1888. 1883. 1910. 1901. 1904. 1907. 1907. 1903, 1907. 1907. 1903. 1907. 1904. 1904. 1908. 1909. 1913. 1911. 1899. 1913. 1907. - 1908. 1909. 1911. 1906. 1905. 1904, 1890. 1901. 1868. 1893. 1892. 1893. 1911. 1911, 1903. 1904. 1881. 1891. 1894. 1909. 1906, Pim, W. R., Lisnagarvey, Lisburn. Pooler, Rev. Charles K., B.D., M.R.I.A., English St., Downpatrick. Porter, F. A., Queen’s Square. Porter, Wm., Beechview, Balmoral Avenue. Praeger, E. A., Cultra, Holywood. Praeger, R. Ll., B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A., National Library, Kildare Street, Dublin. Rankin, W. J., 82 Limestone Road. Rankin, Will, Gordonall, Myrtlefield Park. Rankin, Mrs., Gordonall, Myrtlefield Park. Raymond, George, 66 Kansas Avenue. Rea, Miss M. W., Salem House, Sydenham. Rentoul, Miss, The Lodge, Fortwilliam Park. Rentoul, Dr., J.P., Lisburn. Riddel, Mrs., Donegall Park Avenue. Robb, H. M., 44 Ulsterville Avenue. Robertson, C. G., Mountview, Cregagh. Robinson, W. H., 7 Cheviot Street, Strandtown. Roy, Charles, 2 Rossmore Avenue. Rusk, John, M.D., Antrim Road. Russell, Nelson, Lisburn. Ryan, Miss C., 171 University Street. Ryves, Miss, Richmond Lodge, Malone Road. Sandes, Robert, Chorlton, Adelaide Park. Savage, W. E. J., 8 Lincoln Avenue. Scott, Thos., J.P., Greenisland. Sefton, Burton, St. Aubyn’s, Deramore Drive. Seymour, F. W., B.A., 7 Earlswood Road. Shaw, G. W., Ulster Bank, York Street. Shaw, William, Cliftonville Road. Sheils, Rev. J., Saintfield Sinclair, (the late) Samuel, Inglewood, Adelaide Park. Skillen, Joseph, Gladstone Terrace, Ballymena. Sloan, James, Malone Avenue. Speers; Adam, J.P., B.Sc., Holywood. Stears, Samuel M., 6 Rosetta Avenue. Steel, David, 10 Royal Avenue. Steele, Miss, Dooneen, Marlborough Park. Steele, Rev. W. C., B.D., The Manse, Hillsborough. Stendall, J. A. Sidney, Municipal Museum. Stephens, W. H., 13 Donegall Square North. Stephens, John Kyle, J.P., 13 Donegatl Square North. Stephenson, John, Coolavin, Malone Road. Stewart, (the late) Rev. Canon J. A., M.A., Killowen, Lisburn. Stewart, W. J., Ormeau Road. Stokes, W. J., Malone Park. Storey, John W., B.A., Church of Ireland Y.M. Society. 12 (Proc. B.N.F.C., Stubington, Miss, Craigavon, Strandtown. Swanston, William, F.G.S., 4a Cliftonville Avenue. Swanston, Mrs., Cliftonville Avenue. Symington, Prof., M.D., F.R.S., Queen’s University. Thomas, Mrs. Harold, Hawthornden Road, Knock. Thompson, Herbert M., 95 Eglantine Avenue. Todd, John, J.P., Clarinda, Fortwilliam Park. Todd, Wm. A., 24 Victoria Street. Tomlinson, W. J. C., 17 Glandore Gardens. Traill, W. A., M.A. Ing., Bushmills. Turtle, James G., Claremont, Strandtown. Turtle, William Haydock, 1 Holyrood, Malone Road. Turtle, Mrs. Herbert, Tanaghmore House, 83 Monclair Avenue, New Jersey, U.S.A. Vaughan, Henry R., Lagan Vale Hstate, Stranmillis Road. Waddell, Rev. ©. H., M.A., B.D., M.R.1.A., The Vicarage, Greyabbey. Wakeman, W. J., C.E., 117 Cavehill Road. Walsh, Robert, Abbotsford, Malone Road. Walker, W. J. D., C.B., The Sycamores, Drogheda. Walker, Miss, 44 Elmwood Avenue. Walkington, Miss, LL.D., Strandtown. Walkington, G. B., Gracecourt, Malone Park. Walkington, Mrs., Oatlands, Ballinderry. Ward, Miss K., Albertville, Sydenham. Wardell, Miss, 4 Fitzwilliam Avenue. Watson, John G., The Maples, King’s Road, Knock. Wear, Sylvanus, 19 Hopefield Avenue. Welch, Robert J., M.R.1.A., 49 Lonsdale Street. Wheeler, Mrs., Lennoxvale, Belfast. Whitehouse, R. H., M.Sc., Queen’s University. Whiteside, J., 16 Belmont Church Road. Whitla, Sir William, M.D., College Square North, Whitley, Miss, Fermanagh House, Malone Road. Williamson, James, Sandown Park, Knock. Wilson, George, 9 Bedford Street. Wilson, Professor Gregg, M.A., D.Sc.,M.R.1.A., Queen’s University. Wilson, Mrs., Deramore Park. Woolleombe, Robt. Lloyd, M.A., LL.D. (Dublin University), F.1. Inst., F.R.C.Inst., F.R.G.S., F.R.E.S., F.S.S., MRE A., 14 Waterloo Road, Dublin. Workman, Rey. R., M.A., Crusheen, Cadogan Park. Workman, W. H., M.B.O.U., Lismore, Windsor Avenue. Wright, Joseph, F.G.S., 10 May Street. Young, Rt. Hon. Robert, J.P., C.W., Rathvarna, Chichester Park. 1913-1914.] 133 Zuntor Members. 1913. Bell, Miss Sara, Cressington, Rosetta Park. 1911. Blackwood, C. V. R., Clanrye School, 8 Osborne Gardens. 1913. Boyd, Miss Lilie, Hazelbank Villa, Ravenscroft Avenue. 1911. Brown, George B., 356 Ormeau Rogd. 1911. Brown, Max, 356 Ormeau Road. 1911. Carrothers, Norman, 145 Stranmillis Road. 1912. Culbert, J. H., Sunnybank, North Road. 1913. Deane, John D., 49 Rugby Road. 1913. Deane, A. Lindsay, 49 Rugby Road. 1913. Doherty, Miss Irene, 8 Easton Crescent. 1912. Dundee, Miss Bessie, Hillmount, Carnmoney. 1913. Elhott, George G., Bryndhu, Holywood. 1912. Forth, Miss Dorothy, Ravenswood, Knockbreda Park. 1911. Foster, Miss A. B., Hillsborough. 1911. Foster, Nevin H. D., Hillsborough. 1913. Gardner, Miss Nettie H., Hawthornden Road, Knock. 1913. Humphreys, Miss Norah, Lyndford, Osborne Park. 1912. Jackson, Louis L. C., St. Helier’s, Cavehill Road. 1911. Maxwell, Miss Olive, Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. 1911. Maxwell, Miss Kathleen, Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. 1912. M‘Clelland, Ernest W., 79 Kansas Avenue. 1912, M‘Meekin, Miss Audrey, Sunnyside, Carnmoney. 1913. Noble, Miss Nellie, 22 Delhi Street. 1911. Patchell, Miss, 45 Malone Avenue. 1913, Ritchie, Miss Frances M., Queen’s University. 1912. Sloan, Miss Saidie, 110 North Road. 134 [Proc. B.N.F.C., BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-SECOND YEAR, 1914-15. GENERAL COMMITTEE. President: ROBERT LLOYD PRAHGER, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A. Vice-President: ARTHUR R. DWERRYHOUSE, p.sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A. Treasurer: NEVIN H. FOSTER, rF.L.s., M.R.1.A., M.B.0.U., Hi~~sBoroucH, Co. Down. Librarian: SYLVANUS WEHAR, 19, Hoprrrenp AvENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: NATHANIEL CARROTHERS, 145, Stranminiis Roap, Ke.rast. Hon. Sec. Geological Section: MISS E. L. ANDREWS, Intra, Comper. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: R. H. WHITEHOUSE, m.sec., Quren’s University, BELrast. Hon. Sec. Archeological Section: ROBERT MAY, 40, Hoprerienp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: MISS M. D. MITCHELL, B.se., DrumBo Recrory, BALLYLESSON, BELFAST. Ordinary Members of Committee: W. J. C. Tomlinson. Retire 1915. Retire 19106. | Retire 1917. W. J. Fennell. 5S. A. Bennett, B.Sc. | Robert Bell. C. G. Robertson. Joseph Maxwell, J.P. | A.W. Stelfox, M.R.I.A. J. A. 8. Stendall. Miss M. W. Rea. 1913-1914.] £35 SECTIONAL “COMMITTEES. 1914-15. BOTANICAL SECTION. REV. C. H. WADDELL, B.b., M.R.1.4., Chairman. S. A. BENNETT, B.4., B.Sc. | N. CARROTHERS, W. A. J. M‘BRETNEY., Hon. Sec. of the Section, S. A. MOORE. 145, Stranmillis Road, S. WEAR. Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. A. R. DWERRYHOUSE, b.sc., ¥.G.8., M.R.LA., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. MISS HK. L. ANDREWS, | MISS M. W. REA. | Hon, Sec. of the Section, W. J. C. TOMLINSON. | Tala, R. J. WELCH, m.pz.1.4. Comber. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.pP., Chairman. NEVIN H. FOSTER, F.us., R. H. WHITEHOUSE, u.sc., 2 I a ob | Hon. Sec. of the Section, FRANK HOLLAND. | Queen’s University, A. W: STELFOX, a.z.1.B.A., | M.R.I.A. : Belfast. J. A. 8. STENDALL. ARCHASOLOGICAL SECTION. W. J. FENNELL, F.2.1.3.4., Chairman. MISS E. ANDREWS. | ROBERT MAY, A. DEANE. Hon. Sec. of the Secticn, EK. J. M‘KEAN, B.A., B.L. 40, Hopefield Avenue, JOSEPH SKILLEN. Belfast. JUNIOR SECTION. A. W. STELFOX, a.R.1.B.A., M.R.I.A., Chairman. E. W. M‘CLELLAND. MISS M. D. MITCHELL, B.8c., MISS SADIE SLOAN. A.R.O.S8C.I., J. A. S. STENDALL. Hon. Sec. of the Section, MISS K, WARD. Drumbo Rectory, Ballylesson, Belfast, + oh Reduced Prices of Proceedings. — eos: n accordance with resolution passed at General Meeting held — “lig 1 ,, April, 191 1, the following reductions have been, made in- “ of the Proceedings, &c., to Members of the Club. When a: ce has been sufficiently reduced prices will be raised again. eee! g CTE rate to 1886-87) to2/6 ,, ap “yay EXT. (1887-88 to 1892-98) to 2/6, sys py gy T'V.0(1898-94 to 1900-01) t0 2/6, > - : 4 », V. (1901-02 to 1906-07) to 2/6 choy ce “4 prices quoted above are e for complete volumes, but any separate part may be In Leather Binding state ale ey 5/- per Cota ve In Paper Binding LG) ee a a pe e Appendices, which in covers are priced 6d and 1/-, may be had in z iy + t Id an 2d Ber copy respectively. (This does not apply to Nos. 4, and yg of 2 F st had: by Stewart and Ace with Supplement, 2/6 per vol, ere s 7 7 Pas = = ag * rs ae . *. ee ’ 7 ited - we Ni t J ff eet ‘ 4 + « aS from the ‘Librarian: Highth avant Report—1870-71, containing Appendix IL, List of Irish [inate - Foraminifera—Wright ; and List of ‘the Fossils of the Tete = ae a Antrim and Down—Stewart BY: tS = 26 Ninth Annual Report—1871-72 a8 Sr aie at ie a Tenth do. 1872-73 ; : Proceedings, Series IT., Vol. L., Part ip 1873- 74, containing Appendix Te Lise of -Mosses of North-East of Treland—Stewart ; and List of Cretaceous Aes Microzoa of North of Ireland—Wright, 2 Plates e. : : = Series II., Vol. I., Part IJ., 1874-75 29 bed >) cae ir 76 Part Vil 1879-80, containine pene Vs “Tyee of * Post- Tertiary Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland— “Wright ; and List of | Mollusea of Boulder-Clay of North-East of Ireland—Stewart —.. i, Series I1., Vol. II., Part I., 1880-81, containing Appendix VL, Fisk! er Foraminifera of South Donegal— Wright ; Sponge Remains from. Carb. Limestone, County Sligo—Wright ; and Fossil ae spiealtts ‘Comat. Slhgo—Carter, 1 Plate . ; 3 Series II., Vol. IL, Part IL, 1881-82 #. ae Pay IIf., 1882-83, containing Appendix VIL, Sup- plemental List of Mosses of the North-East of Ireland—Stewart... cg Series I1., Vol. II., Part IV., 1883-84, containing Appendix VIIL; Notes <9 | on Irish Coleoptera—H alliday ; Cromlechs of Antrim and Down-—Gray, 4 12 Plates ; and Pre-historic Monuments near Sligo—Eleock, 4 Plates. Series Tis Vol. II., Part V., 1884-85, containmg Appendix IX., Ostracoda. of Belfast Lough—Malcomson ; : Fungi of North of Ireland—Lett; Fora- minifera of ‘‘ Protector” Cruise, &c.—Wright ; Cretaceous Foraminifera of Keady Hill—Wright ; Irish Coleoptera—Patterson 7s; = = Series IT., Vol. IL., Part V I., 1885-86, containing Appendix b.< The Ferns of Ulster—Phillips and Praeger 3 2)=. Series II., Vol. IL, Part VII., 1886-87, containing Appendix XL. N tes on the Sections exposed at the Alexandra Dock, Belfast, with Li Fossils, 1 Plate—Praeger Series II.. Vol. IIL, Part 1, 1887-88, containing Appenilix XII Marine Shells of the North of Ireland—Praeger Series I1., Vol. ITJ., Part II., 1888-89 Ae HT., 1889-90, containing Report of tare Grav Committee, 2 Plates Series II., Vol. ITJ., “Part 1V., "1890-91. - V5 1891-92. . ‘ VI., 1892-93 ” 29 a2 bd 99 Index : Series ie Vol. TV., Part L., 1893-94, ‘containing Appendix xii. IT., 1894- 95, ie < fs XIV: TII., 1895-96, ‘y ei XVe% ve 1896-97, e: TF ae , 1897-98, - mee 4: x Vr 1898-99, ae “3 - VII., 1899- 1900, 1900- 01 (in one) 7; Vol. V., Parts I. ‘and TI., 1901-02, 1902-03 in one)... "Part [I1., 1903-04, re: TV., 1904-05, i ie a Vie 1905-06, with Appendices XVI. and a Xvi 2 — . % VI., 1906-07, with Index Sa < Mole Vise; T., 1907-08. v er II., 1908-09, ee : II7., 1909- 10, IV., 1910-11, with Appendices]. and II. ‘youth V., 1911- 12, x » WIL, 1912-13 ’ with Title Pageand Index to Vol.) v1 Vols Vide,235; I,, 1913-14, with Report of 50th Anniversary ” 2 33 Ay Se ” ” ” ” +e) ” ” ” 3” ” 7 2 J ” 9” 7 Some of above are now available to members at reduced pri lee yk ee -. A)" ee mal = _ tl ~ ANNUAL REPORT . AND... PROCEEDINGS. SERIES 1. PART IL. ~ VOLUME VII. a 1914-15. - ed “2 Fa fou! in mer ee. f,. ne For Contents See Overleaf. 3 3 = Was a. Le 6 : PRINTED FOR MEMBERS ONLY. ‘PRICE OF EXTRA COPIES TO MEMBERS, 1/6. CONTE NAS 0 List of Officers, 1914-15 Annual Reports ... Statement of Accounts - Excursions :—Holywood ; Trassey Valley a and Dianiond Ricks; Cacti Robin ; : Little Deerpark, Glenarm; Drumahaire and Lough Gill; ote Bay, Lough Neagh ; Rostrevor Conversazione Papers :—‘‘ Problems of Dispersal and Distribution in the Irish Flora ”— Presidential Address—R. RI. Praeger, B.A., B.E., M.R.LA. “Social Archeology ”—F. J. Bigger, M.R.LA. ‘* Paleontological Evidence: of Evolution "—J. K Gharlcewonde M.Sce., Ph.D., F.G.S. “* Recent eth in Glacial ae ~_W, B. Wright. B.A, F.G.8 “$f ye @ Wiccotelion’ ’—Miss M. W. Ree ‘Notes on the Sedums or Stonecrops ”—R. RI. Praoger B.A} B.E., M.R.T.A. ‘* Plants of the Lough Neagh Basin ”—W. -o. C. Tomlinson Annual Meeting ... ‘ oie Rules 565 Exchanges of Proceedings List of Members ... List of Officers, 1915-16 [PLATE V.] [Proc. B.N.F.C., 1914-15 O’Rourke’s Castle, Lough Gill. Puoros. S, WEAR, ANNUAL REPORT AND PROCEEDINGS OP THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB, FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st MARCH, 1915. (FIFTY-SECOND YEAR). SERIES Il. VOLUME VII. 1914-15. Qeffast : PRINTED At ‘‘ THE NORTHERN WHIG” OFFICES, VICTORIA STREET. IQI5. BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-SECOND YEAR, 1914-15. GENERAL COMMITTEE. President : ROBERT LLOYD PRAEGER, B.A., B.E., M.R.ILA. Vice-President: . ARTHUR R. DWERRYHOUSE, pD.sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A. Treasurer: NEVIN H. FOSTER, F.L.s., M.R.1.A., M.B.O.U., Hin~sBoroucH, Co. Down. Librarian: SYLVANUS WEAR, 19, HoprrretD AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: NATHANIEL CARROTHERS, 145, Strranmitiis Roan, BELFast. Hon. Sec. Geological Section: MISS E. L. ANDREWS, Inta, Comper. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: R. H. WHITEHOUSE, m.sc., QuEEN’s UNIVERSITY, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Archzological Section: ROBERT MAY, 40, Hoprrretp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: MRS. STELFOX, pz.sc., BALLYMAGEE, BANGoR, Co. Down. Ordinary Members of Committee: Retire 1915. Retire 1916. Retire 1917. W. J. Fennell. S. A. Bennett, B.sc. Robert Bell. C. G. Robertson. Joseph Maxwell, J.p. A. W. Stelfox, M.R.1.A. J. A. S. Stendall. Miss M. W. Rea. | W. J.C. Tomlinson. SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. 1914-15. BOTANICAL SECTION. REY. C. H. WADDELL, B.D., M.R.1.4., Chairman. S. A. BENNETT, B.4., B.Sc. N. CARROTHERS, W. A. J. MSBRETNEY. Hon. Sec. of the Section, 8. A. MOORE. 145, Stranmillis Road. S. WEAR. Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. A. R. DWERRYHOUSKH, D.se., F.G.8., M.R.1.A., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. MISS E. L. ANDREWS, MISS M. W. REA. : Hon. Sec. of the Section, W. J. C. TOMLINSON. Inla, R. J. WELCH, m.p.1.A. Comber. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.p., Chairman. NEVIN H. FOSTER, ¥..s., R. H. WHITEHOUSH, &.sc., ee eee Hon. Sec. of the Section, FRANK HOLLAND. Queen’s University, A. STEERS, A.R.I.B.A., Beliast. J. A. S. STENDALL. ARCH ASOLOGICAL SECTION. W. J. FENNELL, F.2.1.3.4., Chairman. MISS E. ANDREWS. ROBERT MAY, A, DEANE. Hon. Sec. of the Section, HK. J. M‘KEAN, B.A., B.L. 40, Hopefield Avenue, JOSEPH SKILLEN. Belfast. . JUNIOR SECTION. A. W. STELFOX, A.R.1.B.A., M.R.1.A., Chairman. K. W. M‘CLELLAND. MRS. STELFOX, B.sc., MISS SADIE SLOAN. A.R.C.BC.I., J. A. 8S. STENDALL. Hon. See. of the Section, MISS K. WARD. Ballymagee, Bangor, Co. Down. Annual Report. In presenting to you the Fifty-second Annual Report your Committee regret that the Club’s membership continues to decline. Four members have died during the year, several have resigned membership, and eight names have been struck off for non-payment of subscription. The total membership on 31st March, rg15, stands at 327, of whom eleven have notified their intention of resigning. At the Anniversary Meeting on roth May, 1913, in response to a request from the President, several of the Delegates suggested means for increasing the Club’s membership and usefulness, and it is recommended that the new Committee should early give this matter their careful consideration. Ten Committee Meetings were held during the year, at which the attendances of members were as follows :— N. Carrothers.... eEEO S. A. Bennett 5 C. G. Robertson... we 16 A. W. Stelfox 5 Miss E. L. Andrews 9 J. A.S. Stendall ... 5 N. H. Foster 9 W. J. C. Tomlinson 5 Miss M. W. Rea... 8 R. Ll. Praeger 4 J. Maxwell 8 Mrs. Stelfox SS? ae Robert May 7 W. J. Fennell... Cees A ee Wear .. 6 A. R. Dwerryhouse aaa R. Bell 5 R. H. Whitehouse tO The following Bicmene were held during the Summer Session :— Holywood (Half-Day) a p .. Oth May. Trassey Valley and Diamond Ricks -. 30th May. Castle Robin (Half-Day) ... val .. 13th June. Little Deer Park, Glenarm 27th June. Drumahaire and Lough Gill (Long ee caeien) 11th-rs5th July. Washing Bay, Lough Neagh mee ... 25th July. 142 [Proc. B.N.F.C.,. Owing to the outbreak of war, the Excursion arranged for 5th September to Rostrevor was abandoned. The average attendance of members at these excursions was 38, and, as will be seen from the detailed reports published in be Proceedings, much good work was accomplished. The Winter Session was opened by a Conversazione, which was held in the Carlton Hall, kindly granted by Mr. F. W. Henry. During the Session the following Papers (of which abstracts will be found in the Proceedings) were read :— 1Q14. 17th November—Presidential Address—‘‘ Problems of dispersal and distribu- tion in the Irish Flora,” R. Lloyd Praeger, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A. 15th December—‘‘ Social Archeology,” F. J. Bigger, M.R.I.A. 1915. 19th January—‘‘ Palseontological Evidence of Evolution,” J. K. Charlesworth, MES Chee): 16th February—‘‘ Recent Advances in Glacial Geology,” W. B. Wright, B.A., ¥F.G.S., Delegate from the Irish Field Club Union. 23rd March—‘‘ Mycetozoa,” Miss M. W. Rea. ** Notes on the Sedums,” R. Ll. Praeger, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A. ‘* Plants of the Lough Neagh Basin,” W. J. C. Tomlinson. During the year the Club has sustained a serious loss in the death of Miss M. K. Andrews, whose work in recording the occurrence of Erratics in the district is monumental. With great . regret, owing to failing health, was Mr. George Donaldson’s resig- nation of his many services in carrying out the Club’s work, accepted by the Committee in October. A copy of last year’s Proceedings was sent to each Delegate who had attended the s5oth Anniversary Meeting in May, 1913. In acknowledging these our friends all testify to the good work accomplished by the Club in the past fifty years and wish it continued prosperity. Your Committee have still been unable to find any member who will undertake the duties of Secretary, and although the Sectional Secretaries managed to keep the Club active during the 1914-1915. ] 143 year, such arrangement is far from satisfactory and cannot be continued indefinitely. The Treasurer will lay before you his Statement of Accounts, which shows a balance in hand of £17 18s 7d, in which is included 18 subscriptions for 1915-16 paid in advance. But for the special subscriptions received towards the publishing of last year’s Proceedings (£22 18s od, including £10 from the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society) the Club would have been in debt, and it should be borne in mind that the balance in hand at the end of each year should be ample to cover the cost of publication of the Proceedings for that year, for which the present balance is not sufficient. . The Librarian’s Report, and those of the Botanical, Geological, Zoological, Archzeological and Junior Sections, and that of the Prizes Sub-Committee will be submitted to you. Your Committee desire to return their thanks to Mr. Thomas Rule, Mr. F. A. Heron, Mr. John Ridges and the Committee of the Prospect Hill School for their kind attention and hospitality during the Summer Excursions; to Mr. F. W. Henry for the use of the Carlton Hall for the Conversazione; to the Press and the various Railway Companies for their aid in reporting and carrying out the work of the Club; and also to the kindred Societies and Public Bodies who have favoured us with their publications. (Signed) . m on Convener of eee, \ Secretarial Committee. Librarian’s Report. An exchange of Proceedings with ‘The Vale of Derwent Naturalists Field Club” and ‘The Prehistoric Society of East Anglia” has been arranged. The latter would be helpful to those who are interested in the primitive type of flint implements that Mr. Welch is working on at present. 144 [Proc. B.N.F.C., ‘““The Quaternary Ice Age,” by W. B. Wright, is now in the Library. Those who heard the author lecture to the Club will thus have an opportunity of following up the subject. In 1913 the Committee authorised the preparation of a Card-Catalogue of the Club’s Library and procured drawers for the same. This has been almost completed—only a few books require going over. It has been arranged into various groups, the following being the chief :—‘“ Titles and Authors ” (of the Books) ; “Botanical” ; “Geological”; “Zoological”; “ Archzeological ” ; “Microscopical”; and ‘“ Miscellaneous” The unbound Pro- ceedings of other societies are not included in this Catalogue ; only the bound books in the Library. (Signed) SyLvANUS WEAR, Librarian. Report of the Botanical Section. During the Winter Session two meetings were held in connection with this Section. The first meeting was held on the 1oth February, when our Chairman (Rev. C. H. Waddell, B.D., M.R.I.A.) gave an interesting address on “Some Plants of the County Down Coast.” After giving a general account of some of the coastal plants of the Ards collected last season, he pointed out the distinguishing features of these Hadlophytes, and how they resemble in many respects the Xevophytes of mountains and peat- mosses. ‘They are succulent, with leaves thick and fleshy, and more or less translucent. Forms of ordinary Mesophytes, such as Lotus corniculatus, become modified by the dry saline soil, and a form near the var. crassifolius is found on the Co. Down coasts, strikingly different from the ordinary Bird’s-foot Trefoil. The Grass-wrack (Zostera marina) forms great masses on muddy banks in Strangford Lough. Brent Geese feed on its succulent stems, which they pull up, and masses are floated to the shore. Unlike Seaweed, it is not of much value for manure, but is valuable as a covering for potato-bins in Winter, for which it is extensively 1914-1915.} 145 used and is called “ S/uch.” A species of Dodder (Cuscuta Epithymum) was found on the sand-hills at Kirkistown covering the sward in one place with its beautiful rosy-white flowers. This is the second habitat known for this plant in Co. Down, the other being near Killard Point. In both places it seems native and has no appearance of being an introduction. The second meeting was held on the roth March, when a very important paper was read by Miss M. W. Rea on “ Seaweeds.” Miss Rea pointed out that, in the Marine Algz, colour forms the first basis of classification. One group is known as Chlorophycee or green seaweeds, one as Phaeophycee, or brown seaweeds, in which the chlorophyll is masked by a brown colouring matter, and one as Rhodophycee, or red seaweeds. The chlorophyll in this case is obscured by a red pigment, which enables the seaweed to live at a much greater depth than would otherwise be the case. Sea- weeds have no true roots, but are attached to a substratum by a disc or branching fibres. Although Seaweeds are lower in organ- ization than Mosses and Liverworts, in each group may be found species which have the appearance of highly-developed leafy plants, e.g. Desmarestia among the browns, and Deéesserta among the reds. Some interesting facts were noted in connection with Ulva and allied genera. A few remarks were made on the Laminaria and a brown one (Col/pomenia) recently discovered in the South of England. The difference between the Summer and Winter appearance of some Seaweeds was commented upon. In this connection mention was made of the fact that like land-plants, there are annual, biennial and perennial Seaweeds. The paper closed with some comments on the difference which habitat makes in the same species, the power which Seaweeds have of recovering from injury, and a short account of the various economic uses which they may serve. During the Summer Session the Section was well represented at all the Club’s Excursions, and good results were obtained. Two of the best finds of the season were made by Mr. N. H. Foster, 146 [Proc. B.N.F.C., both being new County records :—Sfiranthes Romanzoffiana for Co. Tyrone, and Sésyrinchium angustifolium for Co. Leitrim. Mr. 5. A. Bennett found a flourishing colony of Carex terettuscula at Ballyalloly, Co. Down. On 7th July Messrs. A. W. Stelfox and S. Wear found Saxitfraga Hirculus still growing in quantity on plateau behind Garron Point, Co. Antrim. On ‘the hills near Ligoniel the following plants were observed in new stations :— Viola sylvestris, Pyrola media, P. minor, Lathrea squamaria, Listera cordata, Habenaria conopsea and Botrychium Lunarta. The best thanks of the Committee are given to members who sent in plants for our Herbarium. (Signed) N. CarroTHERS, Yon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Geological Section. The Committee report that two excursions were held during the past year, to quarries in neighbourhood of Carnmoney on 5th September, 1914, and Cloughfin on 19th September, 1914. On the first excursion Mr. Robert Bell, who conducted the party, pointed out the following minerals—saponite, fayalite, chabazite, calcite, thomsonite and gahnite. On the second excursion the fossils Cardinium rheticum, Avicula contorta, Exogyra conica, Pecten orbicularis, P. qguinguecostatus, Ventriculitis cribrosus, and Etheridzia mirabilis were found; also in the basalt cliffs, the minerals gmelinite and analcite. On the evening of 16th March, the Section held a meeting at which a number of interesting exhibits were shown. On behalf of the members the Committee desire to offer their best thanks to Professor Cole for having been so kind as to present the Section with copies of the following pamphlets :—‘‘ Geography of Ireland as a Field for Irish Naturalists,” ‘“‘ Wexford Gravels and their bearing on Interglacial Geology,” ‘Illustrations of the Formation of Composite Gneisses,” etc. (Signed) E. L. ANnpREws, Hon. Sec. of the Section, 1914-1915. ] 147 Report of the Zoological Section. An excursion in conjunction with the Junior Section was arranged on 16th May, 1914, to Belvoir Park. About 2o members joined and good collecting was done in and about the lake. ‘Tea was served in the laboratory at Queen’s University, after which an examination of the material occupied members till about 7 o’clock. It is hoped that such meetings will be frequent and every advantage taken of the facilities the University laboratory can offer. Excellent zoological work was also done on the general excursions : é.g.,:the Holywood shore excursion afforded excellent Opportunities for a survey of marine animals, especially as the preceding night’s storm had washed up many representatives not always to be seen between the tide marks. Valuable work was also done at the Drumahaire excursion. (Signed) JosepH Maxwe 1, Chairman of the Section, Report of the Archzological Section. Our Section was well represented at the Conversazione which was held in the Carlton Hall, at which Mr. William Gray exhibited a choice and representative collection of Flint Imple- ments from Counties of Antrim and Down. Great interest was taken in a large and varied collection of Flint Implements shown by Mr. C. Bulla, representing specimens from the earliest types to the perfect arrow-head of Co. Antrim. Mr. Robert Welch showed a very large and interesting collection of rudely-chipped Imple- ments of a very early type from Counties Antrim, Down and Tyrone. Mr. Robert Bell showed some Flint Implements of similar form from Co. Tyrone. Mr. Robert May showed a large selection of the early Larne gravel types of Flint Implements from Counties Antrim and Down, and a collection of Flint Flakes 148 [Proc. B.N.F.C., showing similar workmanship, and their distribution from Ulster to Japan. Rev. David Stewart kindly lent a volume of the “Dublin Evening Post,” for July, 1781, with Map, showing a plan of the attack and defence of the town of Belfast by the Volunteers on 20th July, 1781. Asa feeling was expressed by the General Committee against sectional excursions and lectures, no excursions or lectures were arranged during the Session. (Signed) Rosert May, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Junior Section. Three new members have been enrolled during the year, two have resigned their membership, four have been struck off owing to non-payment of subscription, and two have been transferred to senior membership, giving a present total of twenty-one, a decrease of five members. Four excursions were arranged for the Summer as follows :— Cave Hill, for Plants; Belvoir Park, for Pond Life ; Carnalea, for Seaweeds ; and Black Mountain, to study the Ling and its asso- ciated plants. Owing to the outbreak of war the last excursion was abandoned, while that to Carnalea had also to be given up, owing to bad weather. The attendance at the other two excursions was excellent. Through the kindness of the Zoological Section the junior members were permitted to take part in the meeting held by that Section in the Queen’s University Biological Laboratory, after the visit to Belvoir Park. Owing to the bad attendance at the indoor Winter meetings the Committee decided not to hold any meetings during the Winter Session, 1914-1915, but they hope to continue the Summer excursions as usual. An excursion was arranged to take place 1914-19165.] 149 on New Year’s day, but through unsuitable weather it had to be abandoned. During the year the Officers of the Section have been changed, Mr. A. W. Stelfox resigning the Chairmanship, to which office Mr. A. Deane has been elected, and Mrs. A. W. Stelfox resigning the Hon. Secretaryship, to which position the undersigned was elected. The Committee wish to place on record the admirable services rendered to the Section by Mr. and Mrs. Stelfox. (Signed) J. A. Smpngy STENDALL, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of Prizes Sub-Committee. The competition this year for the various Prizes offered has not been encouraging. The Botanical papers sent in during the two preceding years by Secondary School Pupils were quite a feature of our competitions. It is regretable that no such Essays were sent in for this year’s prizes. Indeed the only competition this year was for Prize E., value Half-a-Guinea, given by Mr. A. W. Stelfox to Junior Members for the best written account of any meeting of the Junior Section held during the Session 1914-15. For this Prize (E) three Essays were submitted. We recom- mend that the prize be awarded to Miss Annette B. Foster, for her very full and sparkling account of an “ Excursion to Belvoir Park.” We further recommend that Prize F., value Five Shillings, and offered as a second prize for Subject E., by Mr. Nevin H. Foster, be awarded to Mr. E. W. M‘Clelland for his Essay entitled “An Afternoon at Belvoir Park.” This essay, though lacking somewhat in the fulness of detail of Miss Foster’s, is, nevertheless, a very creditable account, more especially of the Pond Life side of the excursion. 150 [Proc. B.N.F.C., The third Essay sent in for this competition was an admirably concise outline of a lecture given, in November, 1913, before the Junior Section, by Mr. Deane, on the “Classification of the Vegetable Kingdom.” ‘The writer apparently overlooked the fact that the competition was limited to Junior Section meetings of the current Session. (Signed) M. W. REA, A. W. STELFox, Prises W. J. C. TOMLINSON, | Sib. Committee. SYLVANUS WEAR, I 5 I -1915.] 1914 ‘LIANSDIL T "S40jIpn r{. ‘NO ‘NOSLYAGONW “D ‘O SNITIWOL ‘O ‘[ 'M (peusts) "oH ‘“AALSOA “H NIAAN (peusis) ° uw al -_ aa ooo mom ok ok om ome memo sem orek ola» wy MmanomodoNnomMNnNoooD™ Ww i N mA ~ _ . . see soured ce v1 : 161 uuodoy jenuuy sunuig ‘‘ eee yoo (a4 “** Quolzesiaauor Jo sasuedxy ‘* $10}D9T]OD 0} UOIsstWUIOD ** Sh ELH) SuIssoippy sf eee eee sadv}sog 79 eee eee ~ AYINIeIDH 66 see eee eee ISUDANID AT YSIAT ee ane eee see JOUBINSUT IL oe eee . azud ee * “+ qpuanof MJ42J40NQ UO sso'yT ‘* eee tae eee uol9aS Jotun [ ce ae vies ssurjaayy Jo sasuodxq ‘* sin #00 cl quIQ jo jusy SS ae see eee Se) ee re ‘oxy ‘Ar9uONeIS ‘SunUIg ‘syoog Ag ‘SLNAWAVd "1991109 punoy pue paulwex | HE SI LiF - wae eee tee eee aourleg oL “S161 Go Siiy fe) Mit re) eee sae Pos syoog ce o Vv I ‘dN PUN SlooeaL, Woy MOOY qn} Ulsed pus iWEYy cf Go G) 96 ; auOIzesIBAUOD WY s}diadayy “‘ bovdz ‘+ SuOIsInOX” woy aouryjeg ‘* O QI 7 “s Aya100G yeorydos now oso C161 udy wif -olyq pue Gate jenjen ysujpoq woy oF Sutpnpout ‘s8urpasc01g Sutysyqug 0} suoyeuog ‘*‘ v : : *- so0q aouujuq ‘ Zz wee tae eee xorun [ ‘oq ce bl eee .- eee eee suonduosqns “<é fe) bs i 4 oe g0ureg oy ‘SldIZOAY “S161 ‘Ye IsSi€ SuUIPUS avd OY} JO} JUNODSY S.JoINsBIt | "1G 152 (Proc. B.N.F.C., Proceedings. SUMMER SESSION. HOLYWOOD. The first excursion took place on gth May, when about fifty members and friends met at the Maypole, Holywood, at 3 p.m. The conductor (Mr. R. May) having announced the various places of interest to be visited, Mr. Adam Speers gave an account of the. Maypole, which is a fine spar rising 70 feet, and buried about 12 feet in the ground, The party now walked to the handsome Catholic Church, St. Columbkille’s; but on the way a halt was made opposite the Sullivan Schools, when Mr. Speers gave an account of the schools and their celebrated founder. The late Monsignor O’Laverty, for many yearsa member of the Club, took great pride in the construction of St. Columbkille’s, the foundation stone of which was brought from Gartan, Co. Donegal, the birth- place of the illustrious St. Columbkille. After viewing the interior of the church, the party walked over to the Parish Church, in which the stained glass windows were much admired. The Rev. R. H. White very kindly gave an account of the church. A short walk brought the party to the ancient tumulus, dvd Mic Nesca (the mound of the son of Nasca), Mr. Thomas Rule, in whose garden this tumulus exists, having kindly granted to the party free access to his grounds. Mr. F. A., Heron, of “The Nest,” Cultra, kindly invited the members and friends to tea, and a very pleasant walk brought the party to ““The Nest’’ As Cultra was specially interesting to the geologists of the party, taking advantage of the low tide, 1914-1915. ] 153 they spent most of the evening in examining the exposure of Permian rocks which occur there. The zoologists were fortunate in finding many fine specimens, which the previous night’s storm had stranded on the shore. After tea a short business meeting was held—Dr. A. R. Dwerryhouse, Vice-President, in the chair, when a vote of thanks to Mr. F. A. Heron was proposed by Mr. W. H. Phillips, seconded by Mr. Joseph Maxwell, and responded to by Mr. Heron. TRASSEY VALLEY AND DIAMOND ROCKS. _ The second excursion took place on 30th May, when forty- three members and friends went to Newcastle by the 9-35 a.m. train. Mr. Robert Bell and Mr. Josesh Maxwell were the con- ductors on this occasion. On arrival the’ party proceeded: by brakes to the Trassey Bridge, ex route for the Diamond Rocks. The brakes were left behind at the Trassey Bridge, and the remainder of the excursion was continued on foot. In about half an hour the Hare’s Gap, the narrow col joining Sleve Bearnagh and Slieve-na-Glogh, was reached, and alter lunch the journey was continued right over the Gap and round the southern’ slope of Slieve-na-Glogh to the Diamond Rocks. With the help of some quarrymen working near at hand all began to search for the minerals which are the special characteristic of the granite in this locality. Many specimens were found, and the members were able to bring home more or less excellent examples of beryl, topaz, smoky quartz, mica, and also the commoner minerals. During the afternoon Dr. Dwerryhouse gave a short address, in which he dealt with the geological features of the Mourne Mountains. They are largely composed of granite intruded through Silurian grits and slates. The Silurian originally formed a dome right over the granite, and patches of it can still be found on the ‘sides and summits of the mountains. Dr. Dwerryhouse then explained in detail how the drusy cavities or geodes were formed in which the crystals occur. He also gave a short summary of the B 154 [Proe. B.N.F.C., reasons for placing the Mourne granite at a later age than that of Slieve Croob and Newry. Attention was directed to proofs of the glaciation of the district as evidenced by the abundant moraine matter deposited in the valleys, and also by the presence of several overflow channels, of which the Hare’s Gap itself affords a good example. The botanists handed in the following list of noteworthy plants seen during the day:—U~lx Galli, Saxifraga stellarts, Drosera rotundifolia, Juniperus nana, Listera cordata, Schenus nigricans, Hymenophyllum unilaterale and Lycopodium Selago. Dr. Dwerryhouse presided at the business meeting held in the Sheve Donard Hotel, when Mrs. J. N. R. Pim, Miss Olive Ferguson, Messrs. John Manning, Thomas Rule and W. F. Dry were elected members. CASTLE ROBIN. On 13th June the Club held its third Summer excursion. A party of over fifty members and friends left the Great Northern Station at 2-30 p.m. for Derriaghy Halt, whence they proceeded on foot to their destination—Castle Robin—a distance of about three miles. Mr. Robert May informed the members that the ruins still remaining were those of a castle erected in Elizabethan times by one Roger Norton, an officer in Essex’s army. The mound close by the ruins of the castle, and upon which the party was standing, was known as “ Lis-na-Robin” long prior to Norton’s day, and it doubtless gave its name to the castle. The mound, or tumulus, was prehistoric, and was probably the burial-place of an ancient chief or warrior. Leaving the castle the members, under the leadership of Mr. Robert Bell, proceeded to the neighbouring quarries, where some interesting geological features were pointed out. The quarries are in the lower basalt, and an intrusive dyke of amygdaloidal basalt 1914-1915. ] 155 was examined. Amongst the mineral constituents pointed out were analcite, natrolite, and chabazite, with crystals of calcite in cavities or pockets in the rock. The party then proceeded to Lisburn, where, through the kindness of the Committee of the Ulster Provincial School, they were entertained to tea. A brief business meeting was held in the school, Mr. Nevin H. Foster being in the chair, in the absence of the President and Vice-President. Cordial votes of thanks to the Committee of the School, to Mr. and Mrs. Ridges, and to the scholars who so kindly assisted at the tea tables, were accorded on the motion of Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson, seconded by Mr. S. A. Bennett. The election of Mrs. Neill, Miss E. W. M‘Kay, Messrs. John Ridges, M.A.; H. S. Staley, M.A.; Henry Jenkinson, and Charles Corrigan to membership concluded the proceedings. LITTLE DEERPARK, GLENARM. On 27th June, the Club held its fourth excursion for the season to the landslips on the Antrim coast, near Glenarm. On the arrival of the 9-10 a.m. train at Larne Harbour Mr. M‘Neill had brakes in readiness to convey twenty-eight members and visitors to the ““Madman’s Window,” where the party alighted. The conductors —Messrs. R. Bell and R. J. Welch—here pointed out the masses of Lias clay slipping over the road, now hardened by the recent dry weather, but bearing clear evidence of having been a regular semi- liquid river of mud in April or May. Climbing up over this the general character of the great undercliff at this place could be seen, the chalk and basalt slipping and breaking up over the underlying unctuous Lias beds. As the party climbed higher they could see that the area between the inland cliffs of basalt and the sea is a mass of great landslips, forming high up near the cliffs long and deep narrow valleys entirely hidden from the coast road. Indeed, the slipped cliff masses when looked at from below seem part of the great cliff wall itself. A closer inspection, however, 156 [Proc. B.N.F.C., shows that what appears part of the lower portion of the cliff is separated from the main cliff, having slipped down for a long distance. Weathered through at intervals in great gaps, access was given to the V-shaped valleys behind. On the horizontal ledges of the cliff, formed by the weathering-out of the less solid lava flows, regular hanging gardens of plants provided an added attraction for the artist and botanist. Seven interesting plants were noticed—Szsymbrium Thalianum, Geranium sylvaticum, Trifolium medium, Rubus saxatilis, Saxifraga hypnoides, Haben- arta conopsea, and H. chlorantha. On one of the down-thrown ridges a good deal of amygdaloidal or vesicular basalt occurs, and here Mr. Bell pointed out that the little cavities contained more or less rare minerals, the following being noticed :—gmelinite, natrolite, faroelite, levyne, &c. Further down in the Lias clays fossil shells of the genera Cardinium, Astarte, and Zima occurred with some Ammonites. Afternoon tea was served by “The Carlton” ona grassy plateau below Hunter’ farm. Three new members—Mrs. A. H. Steele, Miss Bird, and Mr. C. S. Carter— were elected, and after a short visit to the Madman’s Window, close to the sea, the party returned to Larne Harbour. Some returned by a special excursion train, others waited for a later train, and visited the remains of Olderfleet Castle. In a gravel- heap near the Castle some nice examples of flint implements of the well-known Larne type were found. DRUMAHAIRE AND LOUGH GILL. On Saturday, 11th July, the annual “long excursion” ‘commenced, the members, under the conductorship of Mr. N. H. Foster, starting from Belfast by the 9-30 a.m. train in reserved compartments, their numbers being augmented ex voude till they amouted to eighteen on arrival at Enniskillen. Here the party ‘were kindly entertained to lunch on the Fort Hill by Mr. Thomas Plunkett, M.R.I.A., and afterwards resumed their journey by the 1914-1915. } 157 Sligo, Leitrim, and Northern Counties Railway to Drumahaire. On arrival at Drumahaire Station the ‘President, Mr. R. L. Praeger, and Mrs. Praeger were awaiting them, and the party mounted cars and were driven to the Abbey Hotel, their headquarters during the excursion. The members were conducted to their rooms by Mr. and Mrs. Jeiter, who during the excursion were unremitting in their attentions, and rendered the sojourn at their hotel a time to be oft recalled with pleasure. After partaking of afternoon tea the cars were remounted, and a short drive brought the party to the landing-stage on the River Bonnet, where a motor boat was waiting, and the afternoon was spent cruising on Lough Gill, a short halt being made to enable the members to collect on Goat Island. Returning up the river the numerous species of Willows gave rise to conjecture as to how many of them might prove to be hybrids. On reaching the landing-stage the cars were again mounted and the party returned to the hotel for dinner at eight o’clock. No programme was fixed for Sunday, and the members were free to spend the day in whatever way best agreed with: their inclinations. Some went to church or strolled about the village and its environs, while most of them paid a visit to the extensive ruins of Creevelea Abbey (close to the hotel), a Franciscan monument in a good state of preservation. A few years ago its walls were densely ivy-clad, but on its coming into the custody of the Board of Works the ivy was wisely removed, and this not only tends to the safety of the masonry but also permits an uninterrupted view of the several fine examples of windows with flamboyant tracery typical of the later medieval Irish monasteries. Some of the party paid a visit to the far-famed Glencar, with its waterfall, and Swiss valley, and returned delighted with their long day’s outing. Punctually at 9-30 on Monday morning the party left the hotel in cars bound for the southern shore of Lough Gill, where the day was spent. On reaching the head of Slish Gap, an eroded valley due to the weathering down of a pre-Carboniferous dyke of 158 {Proc. B.N.F.C., soft serpentine in the Metamorphic rocks, a halt was called, and, after the prescribed half-hour devoted to collecting, the President briefly described the geological features of the district and explained the causes which had led to the complex formations observable from the spot where the party stood. Mr. Praeger then proceeded to demonstrate the differences in the fauna and flora easily recognisable in the plants growing in the Metamorphic area as contrasted with that in the neighbouring calcareous strata. Again mounting the cars, the members drove down Slish Gap to the shore of Lough Gill where the members had a hour’s interval for collecting or strolling about till lunch was served, after which the afternoon was spent as the party were inclined. Some of the party walked to Doonee Rock, from the summit of which one of the finest views of Lough Gill was obtained. Most of the party, however, spent the time in Slish Wood, where many treasures were collected. A heavy thunder shower drove most of the members to various shelters, but by the time of departure the rain had ceased, and they returned to Drumahaire in brilliant sunshine. After dinner the usual business meeting was held. The excursion had been arranged to terminate by departure from Drumahaire on Tuesday afternoon, but by unanimous consent it was decided to postpone the departure till Wednesday morning, thus affording a longer time for the Tuesday’s programme. Starting at nine o’clock from the hotel, the party was driven to Shriff Point, a limestone promontory at the eastern end of the lake, and here given an hour for collecting. Remounting the cars they proceeded to O’Rourke’s Castle, an extensive ruin on the northern shore. During this drive the members looked up the valley to O’Rourke’s Table, on which, it is said, the poet Thomas Moore stood when the view inspired the line, ‘‘ The valley lay smiling before me.” Here the members had time for an hour’s collecting on the lake shore or in the woods till lunch was served in the castle, and concluded in a drenching downpour. The programme stated that on this day the members would enjoy the tit-bit of the excursion, and amply was 1914-1915. } 159 the promise fulfilled. On the almost simultaneous conclusion of lunch and rain the party were conducted to the entrance to Newtown Alt, a glen which, in the opinion of all the members, exceeds in beauty any of the glens with which they were acquainted. This glen, provided with a well-made path ascending the hill for almost a mile along the now dry river’s bed, which was clothed with mosses looking their very freshest after the heavy rain of the previous night, has its sides embowered with various species of ferns and many flowering plants in wild luxuriance. The sides, now perpendicular cliffs and anon sloping banks, rise to an altitude of about two hundred feet from the bed of the stream, and as one climbs the easy gradients of the winding path fresh beauties are revealed at every turn. On reaching the road at the top of the glen the cars were waiting, but a heavy downpour drove all to shelter for upwards of an hour, by which time the elements appeared to have expended their fury and the homeward journey was commenced. Time having been lost owing to the rain the party were unable to ascend O’Rourke’s Table as had been intended and the party returned direct to the hotel for dinner. Wednesday morning saw the members busily engaged in packing up, and after breakfast farewells were exchanged with our courteous hosts, and the party drove to the station for the 10-53 train. On arrival at Enniskillen, where there was an hour’s wait, the members were entertained to tea, and departing from Ennis- killen at 1-30 reached Belfast at 5 o’clock. In working out the scientific results of the excursion the following ladies and gentlemen, whose initials are appended to their paragraphs, have assisted :—Mrs. Stelfox, B.Sc., Miss Jane Stephens, B.Sc., Miss M. W. Rea, Messrs. D. R. Pack Beresford, D.L., M.R.I.A., Nevin H. Foster, F.L.S., M.R.1.A., H. Wallis Kew, F.Z.S., R. Li. Praeger, B.A., B.E., M.R.L.A., C. M. Selbie, B.Se., and A. W. Stelfox, M.R.I.A. 160 [Proc. B.N.F.C., BOTANY. PHANEROGAMIA AND FILICcES.—Many interesting plants were seen about Lough Gill. About Rockwood (Slish Wood of O.S. Map) and Doonee the flora included Circaea alpina, Crepis paludosa, Lystmachia vulgaris, Neottia Nidus-avis, Milium effusum, Hymenophyllum unitaterale, Lastrea aemula, and Osmunda regatts. About Dromahaire Brassica nigra grew (unrecorded hitherto from Co. Leitrim), and on the abbey ruins Sesymbrium Thalianum and Arabis hirsuta. Goat Island, a limestone rock, yielded fine specimens of Polypodium vulgare var. semilacerum, growing under a thicket of Populus tremula, Pyrus Aria,and Wild Yew. Round the eastern end of Lough Gill Agrimonia odorata and Scutellartia minor were observed, and in the beautiful Alt or Glen near O’Rourke’s Castle Agvopyron caninum occurred in its usual habitat —ledges of limestone cliffs. Another rare plant which favours the same habitat—the native Elm—was noted at Glencar, and at Shriff on Lough Gill. One of the most interesting finds fell to the conductor— namely, Szsyrinchium angustifolium, which was seen in fields near the road below the Swiss Valley, inside the Leitrim boundary ; this station lies a couple of miles east of its previous Glencar station, and constitutes a new record for Leitrim. Re Lig MyxomycereEs.—The following list of species includes speci- mens collected by M. W. R. at Crom Castle, Co. Fermanagh, 1n September, 1913, and also some taken by Messrs. Nevin H. Foster and A. W. Stelfox in the Counties Cavan, Leitrim, Sligo and Fermanagh, during April, 1914, when they were making the arrangements for the excursion. ‘The remainder were collected by us on the excursion in July. All the specimens with the exception of Ceratiomyxa fae culosa and Lycogola epidendrum, have been submitted to Miss G. Lister, F.L.S., who has returned them with interesting remarks, some of which are quoted below. She pointed out that “they are valuable records, as coming from districts that had apparently 1914-1915. ] 161 never been searched for Mycetozoa before.” Of the district covered on the excursion Slish and Shriff Woods proved disap- pointing, and the Glen at Drumahaire and the woods in Glencar were found to be much better collecting grounds. | LIST OF SPECIES. Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa Macbride. LeiTR1M—On twigs in Shriff Wood; in Drumahaire Glen, July, IQI4. Physarum nutans Persoon. Le1TRIM—On dead leaves, twigs of bramble, &c., Glencar Water- fall, July, 1914. SL1ico—On fallen birch logs in Slish Wood, April, 1914. _FERMANAGH—On twigs at Crom Castle, near Newtownbutler, September, 1913. The specimens from Glencar have short black stalks and have been referred by Miss Lister to the sub-species /eucophaeum Lister. Stemonitis herbatica Peck. LEITRIM—On rotten pine log, Swiss Valley, Glencar, July, 1914. Miss Lister remarks that this species has not been recorded previously from Ireland. S. flavogenita Jahn. . FERMANAGH—On bark, Crom Castle, September, 1913. ° Like the last species this is here first recorded for Ireland. S. ferruginea Ehrenberg. LEITRIM—On a fallen Silver Fir, in the Swiss Valley, Glencar, July, 1914. Until the finding of this species at Garron Tower, Antrim, in July, 1913, no satisfactory record for Ireland existed. (See Miss G. Lister Proceedings R.I. Academy, vol. xxxi., part 63, p. 16.) Comatricha nigra Persoon. Cavan—On rotten stumps by the shore of Lough Ramor, near Virginia, April, 1914. Cribraria argillacea Persoon. LreirRim—On rotten pine log in the Swiss Valley, Glencar, July, 1914. 162 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Dictydium cancellatum Macbride. LEITRIM—On fallen tree in Drumahaire Glen, July, 1914. Lycogola epidendrum Fries. LEITRIM—On logs by the outlet of Glenade Lough, April, 1914. In Drumahaire Glen, and on tree stump in Shriff Wood, July, t914. SLtiGo—In Slish Wood, July, 1914. Trichia affinis de Bary. LEITRIM—In Drumahaire Glen and Glencar, April and July, 1914. Stico—Knocknarea Glen, April, 1914. Slish Wood, July, 1914. FERMANAGH—On rotten wood, Crom Castle, September, 1913- By the south shore of Lower Lough Erne, April, 1914. T. persimitis Karsten. SLIGO—On small twig in Slish Wood, July, 1914. FERMANAGH—On rotten wood, Crom Castle, September, 1913. T. varia Persoon. SL1iGo—On fallen trees in Knocknarea Glen, April, 1914. T. decipiens Macbride. Cavan—On stumps by the shore of Lough Ramor, Virginia, _ April, IQ14. LEITRIM—On logs near Glenade House, April, 1914. SL1ico—On fallen trees in Knocknarea Glen, and in Slish Wood, April, 1914. T. Botrytis Persoon. Stico—lIn Slish Wood, July, 1914. Arcyria cinerea Persoon. LEITRIM— On fallen tree, growing among moss, in Drumahaire Glen, July, 1914. SLtico—On twig in Slish Wood, July, 1914. A. denudata Sheldon. Cavan—By the shore of Lough Ramor, Virginia, April, 1914. FERMANAGH—On rotten stump, Crom Castle, September, 1913. 1914-1915.] 163 A, incarnata Persoon. LEITRIM—Growing on broken end of a large twig in Drumahaire Glen, July, 1914. SL1ico—On piece of bark in Slish Wood, July, 1914. A. nutans Greville. LEITRIM—On decaying log in Drumahaire Glen, July, 1914. All the above species are here first recorded for their various county divisions, while the Sligo and Leitrim records are new to: the sub-province C3, the Cavan to the sub-province U1, and those from Fermanagh to U3. In conclusion we tender our thanks to Miss Lister for her great kindness and encouragement. M. W. R. M. D. S. ZOOLOGY. LaND AND FRESHWATER Mo.iusca.—The report published in the Jrish Naturalist, September, 1904, by Mr. Robert J. Welch and myself, on the Mollusca of this district, may be taken as still up to date. The only additions to the list of species. contained therein, that I am aware of, are as follows :— Limax flavus L. Occurs in the village of Drumahaire. There is no evidence that it is native in the district. Zontitoides excavatus (Bean). A special search was made for this shell by Mr. Foster and myself in April, 1914, which resulted in the finding of one typical example under a rotten log, near the eastern boundary of Slish Wood, by the edge of a small lake. The finding of this shell in the district is particularly welcome, since it is not only an addition to the fauna of Sligo, but to this part of Ireland. Its presence in Slish Wood must be put down to the fact that metamorphic rocks form the range of hills south of Lough Gill, as the species is one which appears to avoid the limestone areas. The nearest known habitats for it are at Ardara, 164 [Proc. B.N.F.C., in West Donegal, Tempo, in Fermanagh, and on Achill Island, in West Mayo. It should, however, occur in the Ox Mountains, in Sligo and East Mayo. Limnaea auricularia (L.). A young specimen of the var. acuta Jeffreys, was taken in Lough Gill, in Sligo, in July, 1904, but until recently passed unnoticed among examples of ZL. pereger, collected on the same occasion near Doonee Rock. Planorbis glaber Jeffreys. A single specimen of this local shell was taken in Trawane Bay, Lough Gill, Sligo, in April, 1914. The records given in the former list (doc. cit.) for Succinea putris are all erroneous, and should be referred to S. Afeiffert. Succinea putris, however, does occur in the district, and was taken in April, 1914, in the great meadow at the head of Trawane Bay, on the Sligo side of the boundary between that county and Leitrim. Likewise, the-records for the various Pisidia must be withdrawn for the present, owing to Mr. B. B. Woodward’s revision of this difficult genus. FRESHWATER Mo.iusca.—The district under consideration having been heavily glaciated during the Pleistocene period, it may be taken that the freshwater Mollusca now found here must have migrated into this region in post-Glacial times. It seems probable that the route by which the bulk of the species found their way was, vza Belhavel Lough, from the Shannon basin to the south-east. Lough Erne has possibly received its fauna in a similar way from the Shannon, but across the low-lying ground about Lough Garadice. It is interesting, therefore, to compare the respective molluscan faunas of Loughs Erne and Gill, and to contrast these with that of the basin in which lies Lough Melvin, which has not the same proximity to the Shannon drainage area. The little basin of Glencar lies between Loughs Gill and Melvin, but as they are not separated by any considerable barrier, its fauna closely resembles that of the former lake. The following table shows the various species found in these four basins, for which I can find authentic records :— 1914-1915. ] 165 LOUGH GILL. GLENCAR. LOUGH MELVIN. LOUGH ERNE. Succinea putris. aes S. putris. S. pfeifjerz. S. pfeifferi. ? S. pfeiffert. Ae Bae Se S. oblonga. Ancyplis fluviatilis. A. fluviatilis. A. fluviatilis. A, fluviatilis. Acroloxus lacustris. Limnaea auricularia. L. pereger. L. stagnalis. L. palustris. L. truncatula. A, lacustris. L. pereger. L. palustris. L. truncatula. L. pereger. L. stagnalts. L. palustris. L. truncatula. A. lacustris. L. auricularza. L. pereger. L. stagnalis. . palustris. ZL L. truncatula. 12) Planorbis albus. P. albus. P. albus. . albus. P. glaber. P. glaber. ae P. crista. P. crista. ? P. crista. P. carinatus. P. carinatus. P. vortex. P. vortex. | £P. vortex. P. spirorbts. ? ? P. spirorbts. P. contortus. P. contortus P. contortus. P. contortus. P. fontanus. P. fontanus. P. fontanus. ip fontanus. Physa fontinals. P. fontinals. P. fontinalis. P. fontinalis. Aplecta hypnorum. ? ? A. hypnorum. Bithynia tentaculata. Valvata piscinalis. V. cristata. Neritina fluviatilis. Anodonta cygned. Sphaerium corneum. B. tentaculata. V. piscinalis. V. cristata. N. fluviatilis. S. corneum. B. tentaculata. V. piscinalis. V. cristata. S. corneum. B. tentaculata. V. piscinals. V. cristata. A. cygned. S. corneum. Pisidiumamnicum. P. henslowanum. P. subtruncatum. P. subtruncatum. P. subtruncatum. ? P. casertanum. ? ? P. pusillum. P. milium. P. casertanum. ? P. pusillum. P. milium. ? 2 P. nitidum. ? ? P. lilljeborgi. P. pulchellum. P. casertanumn. P. obtusale. P. nitidum. P. pusillun: P. milium. P. lilljeborge. 166 [Proc. B.N.F.C., — The apparent absence from Glencar and Lough Melvin of a few species may be due to lack of work in these river systems, while the blanks in the list of Pisidia are due mainly to the fact that only records founded on specimens verified by Mr. B. B. Woodward are included. I do not think, however, that Prsedium . amnicum will ever be found in Lough Gill, Glencar, or Lough Melvin. The sign ? is placed where the species is almost certain of occurrence, but where I have no record of its having been found. . The most remarkable features of the distribution in the above table are— Firstly—The absence of Planorbis vortex from Lough Melvin. Secondly.—The presence of Planorbis carinatus in Lough Melvin and its absence from Glencar and Lough Gill. ‘Thirdly.—The absence of NMeritina fluviatilis from Loughs Melvin and Erne. Fourthly.—The poverty of the list from Lough Melvin, com- pared with that from Lough Gill, which lake it very much | resembles from the point of view of a molluscan habitat. Lough Melvin appears to contain a very impoverished Lough Erne fauna, while the relationship between Glencar and Lough Gill is apparent also, but in a lesser degree, fewer species being absent from Glencar. All the species recorded from the above four river basins are found in the basin of the Shannon. AL WS Myriopopa.—The Centipedes and Millepedes collected during the excursion were submitted to Mr. C. M. Selbie, B.Sc., who reports that the following species were obtained :—From Co. Leitrim—*Lithobius forficatus, L. variegatus, * Geophilus proximus, *G. carpophagus, *G. truncorum, *Polydesmus gallicus, * P. complanatus, *P. denticulatus, Brachydesmus superus, *Craspedosoma vrawlinsi, Atractosoma polydesmoides, Glomeris 1914-1915. ] 16 7 marginata, * Blaniulus fuscus, Iulus niger, *I. fallax, *I. liguhfer, I. punctatus, I. luscus, and *J. sabulosus. From Co. Sligo—Litho- bius variegatus, *L. borealis, Geophilus proximus, *G. truncorum, * Scutigerella immaculata, * Polydesmus gallicus, *P. complanatus, *Brachydesmus superus, “Atractosoma polydesmoides, * Glomeris marginata, * Blaniulus fuscus, *Iulus niger, I. fallax, *I. punctatus, *Z. luscus and *J, pustilus. Those species marked * are new county records. PsEUDO-SCORPIONES.—Only one species of False Scorpion, Chthonius rayi, was taken. It was found in Shriff Wood, Leitrim, and in Slish Wood, Sligo. i W..K. Crustacea IsopopA TERRESTRIA.— The four common species of Woodlice—Zvrichoniscus pustllus, Philoscia muscorum, Oniscus asellus and Porcellio scaber—were seen everywhere, but it may be worthy of note that the specimens of Oxzscus asedlus seen on Goat Island (Lough Gill, Sligo) were much above the average in size. At O’Rourke’s Castle numerous examples of the “ butter- scotch” variety of O. ase/lus were obtained. In Shriff Wood all the specimens of Philoscia muscorum seen were yellow in colour. Trichoniscus pygmaeus was found at Creevelea Abbey and in Glencar (Leitrim), and in Ballynamona Wood (Sligo), the last being a new record for the County. In April Z7chonzscoides albidus was found near the base of the cliffs in Gleniff, this being an addition to the known fauna of Sligo. Haplophthalmus mengti was observed in Slish Wood and in Ballynamona Wood, Sligo (a new County record) ; in the latter place this species was exceedingly numerous. Porceltto pictus and Cylisticus convexus were found at Drumahaire, both these species being new records for Co. Leitrim. N. HF. ARANEIDZ AND PHALANGID&.—I have examined the Spiders and Harvestmen collected in the Counties of Leitrim and Sligo during the B.N.F.C.’s July excursion, together with those obtained by the conductors when making arrangements in April. 168 [Proc. B.N.F.C., The following species have been identified, those marked with a * being new County records :— : SPIDERS from Co. Leitrim; from Glenade, *Zycosa ruricola de G., * Meta merianne, Scop., *Nesticus cellulanus, Cl., *EZuophrys frontais, Walck, Lathyphantes concolor, Wid., Duplocephalus fusctpes, Bl., D. permixtus, Cb., Ceratinella brevis, Wid., Hilaira uncata, Cb., *Gongylidium agreste, Bl., * Walckenera nudipalpis, West ; from Drumahaire, Walckenera accuminata, Bl. From Slish Wood, Sligo, Meta segmentata, Cl., Pedanostethus lividus, Bl., Harpactes hombergit, Scop., Bathyphantes. concolor, Wid. HARVESTMEN from Leitrim; from Glenade, MWemastoma lugubre, O.F.M., *Megabunus insignis, Meade ; from Drumahaire, * Nemastoma lugubre O.F.M. From Slish Wood, Co. Sligo, Wemastoma lugubre, O.F.M. Hilaira uncata, Cb., is a very rare spider, having been taken previously in only 4 localities in Ireland. There are only 6 previous Irish records of Walchenera nudipalpis, West. . D. Ree PoORIFERA.—Sponges were collected in Lough Gill at Rock- wood on the Co. Sligo side of the lake, and at O’Rourke’s Castle on the Leitrim side. Three species were obtained—namely, Spongzlla Jdacustris (Linn.), Ephydatia fluviatilis (Linn.) and L£phydatia miillert Lieberkiihn. Mr. Praeger, who collected the samples that were preserved, noted that the sponges were much scarcer on the limestone at O’Rourke’s Castle than on the Metamorphic rocks at Rockwood. All three species were taken at the latter place, while 2. milleri alone was found on the limestone. This is the first record of fresh-water sponges for the counties of Sligo and Leitrim. y ye he 1914-1915. | I 69 WASHING BAY. A visit was paid on 25th July to Washing Bay by a party of twenty-four members mainly from the botanical section of the Club. This inlet of Lough Neagh lies at the extreme south- western corner of the great lake, in the County Tyrone, and is not easy of access from Belfast. Leaving Belfast by motor at one o’clock the little village of Maghery was reached in just under two hours. Here the vehicle was left and the party at once proceeded to the ferry and crossed the Blackwater, which at this spot divides the counties Armagh and Tyrone. The sandy shores of the lake proved excellent collecting ground for the botanists, as well as the great stretch of bogland which lies behind the shore. Among the most interesting plants found on the lake shore was the American Orchid Sfzvanthes Romanzoffiana, an addition to the flora of Tyrone; also Zeesdaha nudicaults, Cicuta virosa, and Anthemis nobilis, Filago minima, Lysimachia vulgaris, L. Nummutlaria, and Lycopus europeus was also seen growing on the shore here. On the Armagh side of the river the Flowering Rush, Automus umbellatus was noted, with Moneywort, Lystmachia Nummudtarta. On the bog on the Tyrone side of the river a great abundance of the Heath, Z7zca Tetralix, and the Sundew Drosera rotundifolia was observed, while the rarer Drosera anglica and the Beak Rush, Rynchospora alba were also noted. The finding of the Centipede, Zamyctes ( Hentcops) fulvicornis Meinert, at Maghery, in Armagh, proved interesting, as in Ireland this species had previously only been known from Meath and West Mayo. Tea was served at Maghery at 6 o’clock, and the members remounted the motor and returned to Belfast. —_ — ROSTREVOR. Owing to the unsettled state of affairs due to the war the Committee decided to abandon the excursion arranged for Rostrevor on 5th September. € 170 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Winter Session. Note.— The authors of the various Papers of which abstracts are given, are alone responsible for the views expressed in them. CONVERSAZIONE. The Winter session opened with a Conversazione, held in the Carlton Hall on 29th October, at which 129 members and friends were present. ‘Tea was served from 7 till 8 o’clock. The following exhibits were contributed by members :—GEOoLoGy— Mr. William Gray, Large Ammonite showing suture lines ; Mr. R. May, Bed of Ammonites from the Lias; Mr. R. Bell, Local and Continental Fossils; Mr. James Orr, Fossil fish from Italy, Lepidondra from Co. Roscommon, Scotch pebble from Ayrshire ; Mr. Joseph Wright, Recent Foraminifera and Sponge spicules from the Carboniferous rocks (microscopic display). BoTany :— Rev. C. H. Waddell, Mosses; Mr. S. A. Bennett, English plants rare in or absent from Ireland; Miss S. Blackwood, Plants collected in the English Lake District; Mr. A. W. Stelfox, Szdthorpia europea (living plant) from its only Irish station; Miss M. W. Rea, Mounted Seaweeds; Mr. S. Wear, Enlarged photos. of Natural History subjects, including many rare plants photographed in sttu,; Mr. N. Carrothers, Plants collected during Summer excursions, including Spzranthes Romanzoffiana and Teesdaha nudtcaulis from Washing Bay, Co. Tyrone. ZooLocy :—Mr. Wm. Gray, Chameleon; Mr. John Hamilton, Case of Lantern-flies ; Mr. R. J. Welch, Mollusks; Mr. N. H. Foster, Woodlice, False Scorpions, Centipedes, and Millepedes, collected during Lough Gill excursion, July, 1914; Australian Centipede. ARCHAOLOGY :— For list of exhibits see Report of Archzological Section ante. 1914-1915.] 171 At g o'clock a short business meeting was held, the Vice- President, Dr. A. R, Dwerryhouse, occupying the chair, when the following were elected to membership :—Miss K. Phelan, M.Sc., Prof. Yapp, M.A., Messrs. John K. Charlesworth, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., Lachlan MacLaine, and James Dick Houston. Dr. Dwerryhouse then called on Mr. N. H. Foster, F.LS., M.R.1.A., M.B.O.U., who exhibited a series of 50 lantern slides illustrative of British Birds and their nesting habits. This display lasted an hour, during which Mr. Foster gave a lucid description of the characteristics and habits of many of our birds, the lantern being manipulated by Mr. A. R. Hogg. At its conclusion Dr. Dwerryhouse, on behalf of the audience, thanked Mr. Foster for his interesting address and the proceedings terminated. PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. “PROBLEMS OF DISPERSAL AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE IRISH FLORA,” The first business meeting of the Winter Session was held in the Museum on 17th November, when the President, Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A., delivered his inaugural address. Attention was drawn by Mr. Praeger first to the extraordinary density of vegetation over almost the whole of the land surface of the globe, and then to its great variety. As regards the earth in general, the most striking variation in vegetation was due to differences of climate. Ireland was not large enough to show conspicuous changes of vegetation of this nature, the flora of the south being on the whole very similar to that of the north; but on a small scale, differences due to variation of water supply, of light, and of soil, were everywhere to be seen. Each plant occupied the position best suited to its growth, and changes in 172 [Proc. B.N.F.C., adjoining ground in these factors of water supply, etc., tended to produce barriers across which a plant might find it difficult to pass, In studying the origin of our present flora a time limit might be set to its development, for the Ice Age, whether so utterly destructive of local vegetation as many geologists believed, or whether less severe, admittedly altered conditions of growth so profoundly that the building up of the vegetation of our islands as we now find it may be held to commence with the passing away of that epoch. The only evidence of climatic change since that time, which might have affected vegetation, pointed to a rather milder climate than the present, which prevailed probably about the Neolithic period. Another historical factor of the greatest importance in investigations regarding the origin of our flora was the past distribution of sea and land. There was plenty of evidence to show that the areas of sea which at present separate Ireland from Great Britain and the latter from the Continent are of recent origin—probably more recent than the arrival of the bulk of our flora, thus allowing the migration of plants into our islands across a surface of land. Coming to the subject of dispersal, the means by which plants increase by vegetative growth were dealt with first, and then the phenomena of seed dispersal were discussed at some length. It was pointed out that, unlike the young stages of most sedentary organisms of the animal world, the seeds of the higher plants have no powers of locomotion, and rely for their dispersal on external moving agencies—water, wind, and animals. The interesting adaptations by which many species secure wide dispersal by these means were described. It was pointed out that there are definite limits to the possibilities of dispersal by even the most efficient of these means. The fact that only about one plant in ten has seeds which float in water strictly curtails the efficiency of water dispersal. As regards the wind, even very small seeds, if devoid of special parachute devices, fall quickly in 1914-1915. ] 173 air, and are unlikely to be carried far by a storm; and even the efficient plumed seeds, such as those of the Dandelion, have by no means an unlimited range of flight, even under the most favourable conditions. Large numbers of seeds again are dispersed by being eaten by birds and subsequently ejected, but this mode of dispersal is limited by the very quick digestion of these creatures. Taking into account the great preponderance in our flora of plants quite devoid of any facilities in the way of seed- dispersal, the suggestion that the flora as a whole crossed the existing seas in order to reach Ireland becomes improbable. At the same time the flora of Ireland differs more from that of Great Britain, and the latter more from that of the adjoining portion of the Continent, than would be presumably the case were the land surface between these places continuous. Probably the reasons for this are to be found in the suggestions—first, that some of the continental plants migrating westward arrived too late to pass into the British area, the present sea-channels having been by that time established ; while others, having reached our islands and become isolated there, may have died out, fresh immigration being hampered by the barriers of sea. The most interesting feature in the flora of Ireland was the occurrence, mainly in the west and south, of a number of species belonging chiefly either to the Pyrenees and Mediterranean region on the one hand, or to North America on the other, and unknown or very rare in any intervening tract. These were generally held to represent a very old element in our flora, long since cut off from its homes, and now much reduced by competition and other adverse factors. The extremely local and discontinuous nature of the range of these plants undoubtedly pointed to either incipient or relict distribution. That is, they were either new comers but lately arrived and beginning to spread, or very old dying-out species. Additional interest was given to the study of this question by the recent bold advocacy by a very competent student —Mr. Clement Reid—of the “incipient” theory. This hypo- L74 [Proc. B.N.F.C.,. thesis required the natural introduction of these species from their present homes in the Pyrenees or more distant places into Ireland across land and sea surfaces which in their distribution approxi- mated to those obtaining at present. Mr. Praeger proceeded to give a critical analysis of the dispersal-power of the species in question, showing that, as regards their seeds, buoyancy in water is practically absent, and buoyancy in air quite low; nor are birds likely to have been efficacious save to a very small degree. He advocated the original view, that these elements in our flora arrived very long ago across by-gone land surfaces. Viewing our whole flora from the point of view of dispersal, we found that there was no obvious direct connection between the present distribution of plants and their power of dispersal. Numbers of the most abundant species were devoid of any special dispersal-device, and vice versa, many of the plants whose seeds were very widely and abundantly spread by the wind were of relatively infrequent occurrence. Adaptation to environments was of far greater importance in the struggle for existence than power of dispersal, and it was the plants best fitted to hold the ground which prevailed. But power of dispersal had tremendous potentiality, ready to make itself felt whenever—as in the famous case of the volcanic island of Krakatau—an opportunity occurred, and capable, whenever the reduction or extermination of a flora provided an opening, of reconstructing the vegetation in a very short space of time. Mr. N. H. Foster spoke about the possibility of seeds being carried by birds from the Pyrenean region to Ireland, and argued that this was not a likely method, very few of our migratory birds being seed eaters. Besides, at the season when the plants are in seed the birds would be on their southward journey, and it is almost incredible that the birds would swallow these seeds in Autumn, fly on to Africa, and retain the seeds till the following Spring on their return to Ireland. 1914-1915.] 175 Rev. C. H. Waddell mentioned that several species of Mosses belonging to the Lusitanian group had recently been discovered in the West of Scotland, and Mr. C. M. Cunningham asked a question relative to the re-vegetation of the island of Krakatau. Mr. Praeger briefly replied to these speakers, and the election of Miss Blair, B.Sc., A.R.C.Sc.I, Miss Mabel Murphy, and Mr. S. E. Wilson, M.Sc., to membership, terminated the proceedings. “SOCIAL ARCHAOLOGY.” On 15th December, in the Museum, College Square North, a lecture on the above subject was delivered by Mr. F. J. Bigger, M.R.I.A., a past President of the Club. Mr. John M. Dickson presided. The lecturer introduced his subject by throwing on the lantern screen a carefully-prepared map of the O’Ruarc country, with the raths, crannoges, castles and churches distinctly marked, showing the centres of the old life of the country and the physical reasons of its growth and influence. The habits and life of the people who inhabited these raths, who used the old churches, lived in the lake dwellings, and raised the castles were dealt with at length, each aspect being fully illustrated by brilliant series of pictures thrown upon the screen by Mr. A. R. Hogg. The lecturer concluded his subject with a series of familiar fireside scenes depicting old Ulster life and the many old-world accessories now so rapidly passing away, complimenting Mr. Deane, the curator of the Corporation Museum, on the realistic production of a fine example recently set up there. “ PALAONTOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION.” The third meeting of the Winter session was held on the roth January, in the Museum, College Square North, when a very interesting lecture was given by Mr. J. K. Charlesworth, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., on the ‘ Paleontological Evidence of Evolution.” ‘The chair was taken by the President, Mr. R. Lloyd Praeger, and there was a very satisfactory attendance of members. I 76 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Dr. Charlesworth, in the course of his lecture, said the imper- fection of the geological record was shown by the conditions under which organisms are preserved—illustrated in case of Archee- opteryx—only one feather and two specimens found, and that in a quarry that has been worked since time immemorial. One of the earliest laws to be established was that of Cuvier, ‘‘ Law of. Correlation,” that it was possible to predict from a part the structure of other parts. Attempts to apply this law had failed in practice. One of the laws established by Palzontology is that of analogous or convergent evolution. A case cited in support was Shark, Ichthyosaur, and Dolphin—z.e., Fish, Reptile, Mammal— all of which approximate to the same form, though possessing entirely different internal structures. Closely allied to this law is that of heterogeneous homomorphy illustrated by TZerebratula diphya. The lecturer then worked up through successive geological formations, showing by slides how the predominant form in any formation was succeeded by a higher type in zoological scale— Fish, Amphibia, Reptiles (Sauropterygia, Tethyopterygia, and Dinosauria), and finally Mammals. The origin of the great groups is unfortunately wrapped in mystery. The lecturer gave support to the theory of discontinuous mutations or “jumps” in evolution illustrated in the case of fishes. What was called the law of recapitulation was shown in case of Ammonites, and the antlers of the Cervide. The history of Whales was described from early Eocene Prozeuglodon to the present Whale, and the gradual loss of hind limbs until only part of the latter was now present, buried in the flesh of modern Whales. Dr. Charlesworth then touched upon the irreversibility of evolution, and showed how if a digit or a tooth be lost it is lost for ever. Also how a specialised organ can never again become generalised. Although most forms have changed, yet some have remained practically unaltered throughout geological time—e.g., the Medusa of to-day—but little different from Medusites lindstroemi of pre-Cambrian seas. The lecturer then went on to show the signs of groups when in their declining 1914-1915.] 177 stages—e.g., loss of ornamentation, superfluity of dead matter, loss of powerto coil(Ammonoideaand Gastropoda)—assumption of elon- gate or eel-form by Fishes, and the loss of teeth by Vertebrates. One of the prime signs of extinction of groups is exaggeration of body size. Also the small size of the brain and the loss of defensive power. These points were illustrated by a slide of Diplodocus. The vast periods required by evolution were explained by reference to the great mountain building, the movements of the Alps and Himalayas in Tertiary time. This enormous period, estimated by many writers at approximately 7,000,000 years, is represented in the evolution of the Horse by the loss of four toes of Eocene Horses and the evolution of the present one-toed Horse. Finally the lecturer touched upon the rhythm of evolution and its bearings on man’s position and his possible successor. At the conclusion of the lecture a discussion took place on the subject, in which Mr. R. J. Welch propounded a theory that the sudden extinction of the large Reptiles might have been due to faulty digestion, Mr. C. M. Cunningham drew attention to the reduction in numbers of many animals which is at present going on; and the President, after thanking Dr. Charlesworth for his lucid treatment of a difficult subject, alluded to ‘“‘Welch’s dyspeptic ‘theory.” Subsequently Mr. C. C. Middleton was elected a member of the Club. “RECENT ADVANCES IN GLACIAL GEOLOGY.” The fourth Winter meeting was held in the Museum on 16th February—the President, Mr. R. Ll. Praeger, occupying the chair— when a lecture on above subject was delivered by Mr. W. B. Wright, B.A., F.G.S., Senior Geologist of the Geological Survey of Ireland. He pointed out that the study of Glacial and post-Glacial ‘deposits at the present time is concentrated mainly on the ranging of these deposits in chronological sequence, and the determination I 78 [Proc. B.N.F.C., of their value as records of climatic oscillation. Referring first to the widely-spread peat bogs of Ireland the lecturer outlined several points, in which a definiteadvance had recently been made, leading up to a better understanding of the story preserved in these deposits. He then proceeded to give an account of De Geer’s famous estimate of post-Glacial time, effected by counting the yearly /amine@ in the late Glacial and post-Glacial sediments of Sweden. An explanation of the modern theory of eskers was then given, and their intimate connection with the laminated clays pointed out. Some remarkable instances of minor periodicity in glacier retreat in Co. Kerry were then described, and an attempt made to show that this periodicity was comparable to that deduced by Bruckner from the climate and harvest records of Europe. A comparison was also made with the very remarkable periodicity exhibited by the annual growth of the big trees in the semiarid regions of America and the Pacific coast. The lecture was illustrated by lantern slides and gave rise to an interesting discussion in which the President, Dr. Charlesworth, Messrs. W. A. Traill, A. W. Stelfox, S. A. Bennett, R. J. Welch and W. J. C. Tomlinson took part. “‘ MYCETOZOA.” “NOTES ON THE SEDUMS OR STONECROPS.” “PLANTS OF THE LOUGH NEAGH BASIN.” The President, Mr. R. Ll. Praeger, presided at the fifth Winter meeting in the Museum on 23rd March, when three short papers were read. ‘The first was by Miss M. W. Rea, who said that this peculiar group of organisms was claimed by Zoologists who called them Mycetozoa, and also by botanists who named them Myxomycetes. The fact was that at one period of their existence they showed animal and at another period vegetable affinities. The paper was illustrated by numerous mounted specimens, and under the microscope Miss Rea exhibited slides. 1914-1915. 1915.] 179 showing the flow of protoplasm in the plasmodial stage of these organisms. Mr. R. LI. Praeger then gave an interesting address on the Sedums or Stonecrops, pointing out how these plants were fitted to endure times of drought. After explaining the peculiarities of their structure and their vitality, Mr. Praeger handed round specimens of our native species and of some common garden species, and he had also rare Mexican specimens in pots from his large collection of growing plants which were examined by the members. The third paper dealing with the plants of the Lough Neagh basin was read by Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson, in which attention was directed to the many rare species here finding their habitat. Of special interest was the Orchid, Spzranthes Romanzoffiana, found in each of the counties bordering on Lough Neagh, often in great profusion. Elsewhere outside its home in North America, this plant is only known from one station in Co. Cork. Mr. Tomlinson illustrated his paper by a series of mounted specimens of the rarer plants mentioned. Messrs. S. A. Bennett, N. Carrothers, and N. H. Foster spoke to the papers, and the authors replied to questions asked. ANNUAL MEETING. The Fifty-second Annual Meeting was held in the Museum on 13th April. Mr. R. J. Welch occupied the chair, and there were 28 members present. Tbe Annual Report of the Committee and the Treasurer’s Statement of Accounts were read by Mr. N. H. Foster; the Librarian’s Report by Mr. A. W. Stelfox; the Reports of the Botanical Section by Mr. N. Carrothers, of the Geological Section by Miss E. L. Andrews, of the Zoological Section by Mr. Joseph Maxwell, of the Archzological Section by Mr. Robert May, and of the Junior Section by Mr. J. A. S. Stendall ; and the Report of 180 [Proc. B.N.F.C., the Prizes Sub-Committee was read by Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson. On the motion of the Chairman, seconded by Mr. W. J. Fennell, the Reports were unanimously adopted. The Office-bearers as follow were elected :—President, Mr. R. Ll. Praeger, proposed by Mr. Joseph Maxwell, seconded by Mr. A. W. Stelfox ; Vice-President, Captain A. R. Dwerryhouse, proposed by Miss E. lL. Andrews, seconded by Miss M. W. Rea; Treasurer, Mr. N. H. Foster, proposed by Mr. G. Donaldson, seconded by Mr. W. C. Boyd; Librarian, Mr. S. Wear, proposed by Mr. W. F. M‘Kinney, seconded by Mr. W. R. Pim; Hon. Secs. of Sections—Botanical, Mr. N. Carrothers ; Geological, Miss E. L. Andrews ; Zoological, Mr. C. G. Robertson ; Archzological, Mr. Robert May; and Junior, Mr. J. A. S. Stendall, proposed by Mr. W. Duncan, seconded by Mrs. Stelfox. On the motion of Mr. G. Raymond, seconded by Miss Montgomery, Messrs. N. H. Foster and A. W. Stelfox were appointed scrutineers, and a ballot was taken for three ordinary Members of Committee in lieu of three retiring under Rule VI., and to these places Miss S. Blackwood, Mr. R. J. Welch, and Professor Yapp were declared elected. Pursuant to notice Mr. J. A. S. Stendall moved, and Mr. A. W. Stelfox seconded, ‘‘That the Entrance Fee of 5/- be abolished, and that Rule III. be amended accordingly.” After some discussion Mr. N. H. Foster moved, and Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson seconded as an amendment, “That the meeting pass to the next business.” The amendment having been declared carried, and there being no further business, the proceedings terminated. 1914-1915. ] 131 RULES OF THE Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. As amended at the Extraordinary General Meeting held for the purpose on 16th June, 1911. Ii. That the Society be called ‘THe Brunrast NATURALISTS’ FieLD Cus.” II. That the object of this Society be the practical study of Natural Science and Archeology in Ireland. ji That the Club shall consist of Ordinary, Junior, Life, Corresponding and Honorary Members. The Ordinary Members shall be proposed and seconded at any meeting of the Club and elected by a majority of votes of the members present. They shall pay annually a subscription of Five Shillings and shall, on election, pay an entrance fee of Five Shillings. That the composition fee for Life-Membership be Four Guineas. Junior Members, who must be under the age of 21, shall be elected in the same way as Ordinary Members, but shall pay an annual subscription of Two Shillings and Sixpence (2/6) and be exempt from entrance fee. On attaining their majority they shall become Ordinary Members and shall pay an annual subscription of Five Shillings. Junior Members shall not receive any printed matter except the usual notices; shall not have the power to vote; and shall not borrow books from the Club’s Library without special permission from the Librarian. I: That the Honorary and Corresponding Members shall consist of persons of eminence in Natural Science, or who shall have done some special service to the Club; and whose usual residence is not less than twenty miles from Belfast. That such Members may be nominated by any Member of the Club, and on being approved by the Committee, may be elected at any subsequent Meeting of the Club by a majority of the votes of the Members present. That Corresponding Members be expected to communicate a paper once within every two years. V. That the Officers of the Club be annually elected and consist of a President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Librarian, and one or two Secretaries, together with the Secretaries of the various Sections of the Club. That the office of President or that of Vice-President shall not be held by the same person for more than two years in succession. VI. That the General Committee shall consist of the above-named officers with nine ordinary members of Committee, and shall hold at least eight meetings during the year; five persons to form a quorum. 182 [Proc. B.N.F.C., That three ordinary members of Committee shall retire annually in order of seniority, those retiring being ineligible for re-election for one year. Should any ordinary member of Committee fail to attend at least three of the Committee meetings held during the year his or her place may be considered vacant and another member elected to fill the position. No ordinary member of Committee shall hold the post of Secretary in any of the Sections. That in the event of a vacancy occurring in the General Committee a new member may be co-opted to fill such vacancy for the remainder of the year. That nominations for ordinary members of Committee shall be sent in writing to the Secretaries on or before the 21st day of March in each year. That the privilege of nominating members of Committee shall be held by all Ordinary and Life Members of the Club. That the names of those members so nominated shall be published on the circular convening the Annual Meeting, at which the Ordinary Members of Committee shall be elected by ballot. That should the necessity arise the retiring members of Committee shall be balloted for. VII. The Committee may from year to year appoint Sectional Committees as may be considered desirable to further original investigations in any one or more departments of the Club’s work. Hach Sectional Committee to be composed of six members of the Club. No financial responsibility to be incurred by the Sub-Committee or any Officer of the Club without the previous approval of the Club’s Committee. The Chairman of such Section to be annually appointed by the General Committee. VIII. That the members of the Club shall hold at least Six Field Meetings during the year, in the most interesting localities, for investigating the Natural History and Archeology of Ireland. That the place of meeting be fixed by the Committee, and that five days’ notice of each Excursion be communicated to Members by the Secretaries. IX. That Meetings be held Fortnightly or Monthly, at the discretion of the Committee, for the purpose of reading papers; such papers as far as possible, to be original and to treat of the Natural History and Archzology of the district. These Meetings to be held during the months from November till April inclusive. axe That the Committee shall, if they find it advisable, offer for competition Prizes for the best collections of scientific objects of the district; and the Committee may order the purchase of maps, or other scientific apparatus, and may carry on geological and archeological searches or excavations, if deemed advisable, provided that the entire amount expended under this rule does not exceed the sum of £10 in any one year. That the General Committee may offer from time to time such prize or prizes as they may deem desirable for competition among Schools in or near 3elfast. XI. That the Annual Meeting be held during ‘the month of April, when the Report of the Committee for the past year, and the Treasurer’s Financial Statement shall be presented, the Committee and Officers elected, Bye-laws 1814-1915. 183 made and altered, and any proposed alterations in the general laws, of which a fortnight’s notice shall have been given, in writing, to the Secretary or Secretaries, considered and decided upon. The Secretaries to give the Members due notice of each intended alteration. DIN Members of other Irish Field Clubs, residing temporarily or permanently in or near Belfast, may be enrolled Members of the Club without election or entrance fee on production of a voucher of membership of another Club, and without subscription for the current year, on production of a receipt showing that such subscription has been paid to another Club. Failing the production of such receipt, the usual subscription for the current year to be paid to the Treasurer on enrolment. The names of Members so admitted to the Club to be published with the notice of meeting following the date of their enrolment. XIII. That, on the written requisition of twenty-five Members, delivered to the Secretaries, an Extraordinary General Meeting may be called, to consider and decide upon the subject mentioned in such written requisition. XIV. That the Committee may be empowered to exchange publications and reports, and to extend the privilege of attending the Meetings and Excursions of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club to Members of kindred societies, on similar privileges being accorded to its Members by such other societies. RULES FOR THE CONDUCTING OF EXCURSIONS. I. The excursion to be open to all Members, each one to have the privilege of introducing two friends. II. A Chairman to be elected as at ordinary meetings. III. One of the Secretaries to act as Conductor, or, in the absence of both, a Member to be elected for that purpose. IV. No change to be made in the programme, or extra expense incurred, except by the consent of the majority of the Members present. V. No fees, gratuities, or other expenses to be paid except through the Conductor. VI. Every Member or Visitor to have the accommodation assigned by the Conductor. Where accommodation is limited, consideration will be given to priority of application. VII. Accommodation cannot be promised unless tickets are obtained before the time mentioned in the special circular. VIII. Those who attend an excursion without previous notice will be liable to extra charge, if extra cost is incurred thereby. IX. No intoxicating liquors to be provided at the expense of the Club. 184 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Exchanges of Proceedings, 1914=15. Birmingham—Natural History and Philosophical Society. List of Members and Annual Report, 1913. Chester—Society of Natural Science, Literature and Art. 43rd Annual Report and Proceedings. Dublin— Royai Irish Academy. Proceedings, Vol. XX XI., Parts 6, 7, 9, 21, 47, 54, 66. Vol. XX XII., Sec. B., Nos. 3 and 4.4! ™I a Vol. XX XIT., Sec. C., Nos. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Abstract of Minutes, 1913-14. Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Journal, Vol. XLIII., Part 4 and Index. Pe Vol. XLIV., Parts 1, 2, 3, and 4. Derwent, Vale of—Naturalists’ Field Club. Transactions, New Series, Vol. I., Parts 1 and 2. Dumfriesshire and Galloway Nat. Hist. and Antiquarian Society. Transactions, Series III., Vol. II., 1913-14. Eastbourne Natural History, Photographic and Lit. Society. Transactions and Journal, Vol. V., Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Glasgow—Royal Philosophical Society of— Proceedings, Vols. XLIV. and XLV. Hertfordshire Natural History Society and Field Club. Transactions, Vol. X V., Parts 2 and 3. London—British Association for the Advancement of Science. Report of Birmingham Meeting, 1913. Report of Corresponding Societies, 1913. British Museum (Nat. Hist.) Handbooks. Revision of Ichneumonidae, Part 3 (Morley). Geologists’ Association. Proceedings, Vol. XXV., Parts 4, 5 and 6. BS Vol. XXVI., Part 1. Leyden—Rijks Ethnographisch Museum. Report, 1912-13. Liverpool Naturalists’ Field Club. Proceedings, 1913 and 1914. Geological Society. Proceedings, Vol. XII., Part 1. 29 ” ) 9) ” 1914-1915.] 185 Louth, Archzological Journal of County.— Vol. III., No. 3. Manchester—Field Naturalists’ and Archzologists Society. Report and Proceedings for 1913. Marlborough College Natural History Society. Report for 1913. Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists’ Society. Transactions, Vol. [X., Part 5. Norwich— Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. Proceedings, Vol. I., Parts 1, 2, 3 and 4. North Staffordshire Field Club. Annual Report, Vol. XLVIII., 1913-14. Perthshire Society of Natural Science. Proceedings, Vol. V., 1909 till 1914. a Vol. VI., Part 1. Sheffield Naturalists’ Club. Proceedings, Vol. IT. Stavanger— Museum. Aarshefte fur 1913. Torquay—Natural History Society. Journal, Vol. I., No. 6, 1914. U.S.A.—California— Academy of Science. Proceedings, Vol. II., pp. 203-374. PA Vol. IV. pp. 1-13. bs Chapel Hill, N.C.—Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Journal, Vol. XXIX., Nos. 3 and 4. me Vol. XXX., Nos. 1, 2 and 3. ‘ Chicago Academy of Sciences. Bulletin, Vol. ITI., Nos. 7, 8, 9 and 10. 5 Vol. IV., Nos. 1 and 2. 5 Cincinnati— Lloyd’s Library, Bibliographical Contributions, Nos. 13, 14, 15 and 16. » Medford, Mass. —Tuft’s College Studies. Scientific Series, Vol. III., Nos. 3 and +. u re Vol. IV., Nos. 1 and 2. a Missouri— Botanical Garden. Bulletin, Vol. II., Nos. 1 to 12. ae Vol, LIL Nov: 186 [Proc. B.N.F.C., U.S.A.—New York Academy of Sciences. Annals, Vol. XXITII., pp. 145-176; 177-192; 193-260; 261-353. oe Vol. XXIV., pp. 1-17 ; 19-22; 23-38; 39-113; 115-170 Philadelphia—Academy of Natural Sciences of— Proceedings, Vol. LXV., Part 3. 3 Vol. LX VI., Parts 1 and 2. * Washington—Geological Survey. Bulletins, 531, 536, 538, 539, 542, 545, 549, 550, 555-557, 571, 574 577-579, 580 (D, H, F, G, H, I, K), 581 (A, B, C), 583, 584 585, 599. Water Supply Papers, 295, 302, 303, 319, 320, 321, 323, 325, 327, 333, 336, 337, 340B, 345 (E, F), 346, 363. Professional Papers, 76, 83, 85 (B, C), 86, 90 (C, D, E). Mineral Resources, 1912, Parts 1 and 2. : re 1913, Part 1, Nos. 1 to 12, 14 and 16, An ‘ 1913, Part 2, Nos. 1 to 28. Annual Report. 3 - iy Washington—Government Printing Offices. Smithsonian Museum Report, June, 1913. Fe Wisconsin Academy. Transactions, Vol. X VII., Part 1, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. i Wisconsin Natural History Society. Bulletin, Vol. XI., Nos. 3, 4 and Title Page. ae Vol. XIT., Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. 1914-1915. 187 List of Members. Any change in the Address of Members should be at once notified to the Secretaries by Post Card. The dates prefixed to Members’ names signify date of Election. O stands for an Original Member who signed the requisition for. the formation of the Club in 1863. ———____¢ => -9 —--—____ Hon. MemBers. Lapworth, Professor Charles, LL.D., F.R.S., The University, Birmingham. Plunkett, Thomas, M.R.I.A., Enniskillen. Scharff, Robert F., Ph.D., F.L.S., M.R.I.A., National Museum, Kildare Street, Dublin. Corresponding Member. Holden, J. 8., M.D., Sudbury, Suffolk. Life MemBers. Ewart, Sir W. Q., Bart., Glenmachan, Strandtown. Stelfox, A. W., A.R.I.B.A., M.R.1I.A, Ballymagee, Bangor. Wilson, Alec G., J.P., M.R.I.A., Belvoir Park. Ordinary Members. Adams, Miss M. I., B.Sc.. Margaret Street, Newry. Agnew, Miss Jean, 45 Victoria Embankment, Darlington. Allibon, George H., 19 Short Strand. Allingham, Robert, Glencar, Banbridge. Anderson, Sir Robert, Bart., J.P., Donegall Place. Anderson, Miss Sarah, 4 Church View, Holywood. Andrew, J. J., L.D.S., University Square. Andrews, Miss E., 12 College Gardens. Andrews (the late) Miss M. K., 12 College Gardens. Andrews, Miss E. L., Inla, Comber. Andrews, Miss M. A., 50 Eglantine Avenue. Andrews, Dr. Marion B., 17 University Square. Andrews, Michael C., 17 University Square. Baillie, W. T., Marathon, Knock. Barrett, J. H., Farnham Road, Bangor. Beck, Miss, 1 Derryvolgie Avenue. Bell, D. M., 22 Cyprus Avenue. Bell, E. George, Bellvue, Lurgan. Bell, Robert, 64 Newington Avenue. 18S {Proc. B.N.F.C., 1909. Bennett, Edward, Forth River Mill. 1908. Bennett, S. A., B.A., B.Se., Campbell College. 1895. Berry, Lt.-Col. R. G., M.R.I.A., The Castle, Richhill. 1884. Bigger, Francis J.,. M.R.I.A., Ardrie, Antrim Road. 1914. Bird, Miss, 50 Redcliffe Gardens, South Kensington, London. 1898. Blackwood, Miss S., 6 College Green. 1911. Blackwood, Miss M. A., 6 College Green. 1904. Blair, Mrs. Edward 8., Rusheen, Glenburn Park. 1914. Blair, Miss, B.Sc., Victoria College. 1904. Boyce, Joseph, 16 Wolseley Street. 1893. Boyd, Miss, The Elm Trees, St. Edward’s Road, Southsea. 1913. Boyd, Miss A., Carntual, Carnmoney. 1894. Boyd, W. C., J.P., Hazelbank Villa, Ravenscroft Avenue. 1904. Braithwaite, W. T., 14 Botanic Avenue. 1883. Brandon, Hugh B., J.P., 2 Wellington Place. 1863. Brett, Sir Charles H., Gretton Villa South. 1883. Brown, Thomas, J.P., 102 Donegall Street. 1907. Browne, F. Balfour, M.A., F.R.S.E., F.Z.S., 26 Barton Road, Cambridge. 1874. Browne, W. J., M.A., M.R.I.A., Glen Alta, Londonderry. 1908. Bruce, Mrs., Thornley, Holywood. 1876. Bulla, Charles, 272 Lisburn Road. 1899. Burrowes, W. B., Ballynafeigh House. 1903. Campbell, D. C., J.P., M.B.O.U., Templemore Park, Londonderry. 1909. Campbell, John, Albert Brickworks, Carrickfergus. 1904. Carmody, Rev. W. P., Newtownbreda. 1913. Carrothers, Mrs., Duneane, Ormeau Road. 1892. Carrothers, Nathaniel, 145 Stranmillis Road. 1892. Carson, J. C., 8 Wellington Place. 1914. Carter, C. S., 28 Waring Street. 1907. Chambers, W., 3 Custom House Square. 1914. Charlesworth, John K., M.Se., Ph.D., F.G.S., Queen’s University. 1901. Cheyne, H. H., Roseneath, Bangor. 1904. Clarke, Mrs. John, 2 College Gardens. 1907. Clarke, Thomas, jun., Percy Street Flour Mills. 1894. Cleland, Alex. M‘TI., Macedon, Green Road, Knock. 1894. Cleland, Mrs. Annie, Macedon, Green Road, Knock. 1890. Cleland, James A., Bernagh West, Malone Park. 1893. Cleland, W. W., Osborne House, Osborne Park. 1904. Cocking, Miss C. E., 19 Glebe Road, Huddersfield. 1914. Corrigan, Chas., 183 Royal Avenue. 1892. Costigan, Wm., 4 Gt. Victoria Street. 1906. Cowie, James, Midland Railway Co. 1907. Craig, Robert, 5 Crescent Gardens. 1893. Cunningham, Chas. M., L.D.S., D.D.S., Rostellan, University Rd. 1913. Cunningham, Miss M. E., Glencairn, Belfast. 1884. Cunningham, Samuel, Fernhill. 1882. Curley, Francis, J.P., High Street. 1882, Curley, Mrs., Dunedin Terrace. 1914-1915. 189 1905. 1904. 1891. 1891. O 1907. 1909. 1913. 1897. 1908. 1912. 1909. 1884. 1887. 1904. 1912. 1868. 1899. 1894. 1912. 1913. 1897. 1906. 1908. 1899. 1899. 1903. 1911. 1909. 1891. 1892. 1904. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1905. 1885. 1912. 1863. 1892. 1895. 1905. 1901. 1901. Dawson, R. A., A.R.C.A.; Inniskeen, Holywood. Deane, Arthur, Municipal Museum, Royal Avenue. D’Evelyn, Alex. M., M.D., Ballymena. Dickson, John M., 34 Wellington Park. Donaldson, George, 1 Prospect Street. Doran, John, J.P., Dunotter, Malone Road. Drummond, Miss Ina, 39 Atlantic Avenue. Duffin, Miss Kathleen M., B.Sc., Rokeby, Deramore Park. Duncan, William, 42 College Park Avenue. Duncan, William, 6 Manilla Terrace. Dunlop, T. W., Scarva. Dwerryhouse, Capt. A. R., D.Sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A., Queen’s University. Elliott, David, Ardroe, Bloomfield. Elliott, George H., Bryndhu, Holywood. Entrican, Miss Sarah, B.A., 33 Botanic Avenue. Erskine, Mrs., Claremont, Holywood. Faren, W., 11 Mountcharles. Fennell, Mrs., Deramore Drive. Fennell, W. J., F.R.I.B.A., 2 Wellington Place. Ferguson, Mrs., St. Helen’s, Holland Park, Knock. Ferguson, Samuel, St. Helen’s, Holland Park, Knock. Finlay, Miss, St. Hilda’s East, Old Nichol Street, Bethnal Green, London. Finlay, Arch. H., Holywood. Flynn, W. G. W., Galgorm, Ballymena. Forth, Capt. Francis C., A.R.C.Sc.I., Technical Institute. Foster, Nevin H., F.L.S., M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U., Hillsborough. Foster, Mrs. N. H., Hillsborough. Foster, Miss, Hillsborough. Foster, Miss, Richmond Villas, Balmoral. Frame, John, Alfred Street. Fulton, David, Arlington, Windsor Avenue. Gaffikin, William, J.P., Notting Hill. Galloway, Peter, Barncluith, Dundela Ave., Strandtown. Galloway, Joseph, 50 Kglantine Avenue. Gamble, Miss, Lorne, Craigavad. Gibson, Andrew, Lansdowne Road. Glover, James, Seaview, Kirkcubbin. Godwin, William, Queen Street. Grainger, Miss, Ballykeel, Holywood. Gray, William, M.R.I.A., Glenburn Park, Cavehill Road. Green, Mrs. Isaac, Hawthornden, Knock. Green, Wm. A., 4 Salisbury Terrace, Chichester Park. Greenfield, Miss M., 8 High Street, Holywood. Greeves, J. Theodore, Nendrum, Knockdene Park. Greeves, W. Leopold, Ormeau Avenue. 1901. 1901. 1909. 1908. 1907. 1883. 1908. 1877. 1908. 1876. 1912. 1905, 1895. 1908. 1903. 1904, 1906. 1911. 1914. 1901. 1891. 1892. 1909. 1914. 1901. 1906. 1899. 1886. 1868, 1877. 1901. 1912. 1877. 1899, 1893. 1908. 1910. 1905. 1877. 1903. 1913. 190 [Proc. B.N.F.C.,. Greeves, Fergus M., Rydal Mount, Knock. Gullan, H. F., City Hall. Gwynne- Vaughan, Prof., M.A., M.R.I.A., University College, Reading. Hadden, D. H., M.B., Magharee, Portadown. Hadden, Dr. Robert E., Ardralla, Portadown. Hamilton, Rev. T., D.D., LL.D., Vice Chancellor, Queen’s University. Hamilton, Miss, 5 Church Avenue, Holywood. Hamilton, John, 5 Church Avenue, Holywood. Henry, F. W., Ye Olde Castle, Castle Place. Heron, F. A., Cultra, Holywood. Hewton, J., M.P.S.1., Ava Pharmacy, Ormeau Road. Hobson, Mrs., Marino. p Hogg, A. R., 13 Trinity Street. Hogg, D. J., 16 Kansas Avenue. Holland, Miss, 33 Wellington Park. Holland, Frank, 76 Eglantine Avenue. Hopkirk, F. G., Midland Railway Co. Houston, Miss, Lisheen, Sans Souci Park. Houston, James Dick, Northern Bank, Lurgan. Jackson; J. L. 8., St. Helier’s, Cavehill Road. Jackson, A. T., 8 Derryvolgie Avenue. Jafié, Lady, Kinedar, Strandtown. Jenkins, W. A., 6 Elmwood Terrace. Jenkinson, Hy., 29 Rosemary Street. Johnston, Rev. W. F., M.A., F.E.S., M.R.T.A., Acton Glebe, Poyntzpass. Johnston, F. W., The Cottage, Cultra. Killen, Wm., 22 Waring Street. Kirkpatrick, F., 27 Oxford Street. Knowles, W. J., M.R.I.A., Flixton Place 8., Ballymena. Kyle, R. A., 18 Donegall Place. Larmor, H. G., J.P., Lisburn. Ledgerwood, N. J., J.P., 10 Wellington Park. Lett, Rev. Canon H. W., M.A., M.R.I.A., Aghaderg Glebe, Loughbrickland. Lindsay, Prof., M.D., 3 Queen’s Elms. Lowry, D. E., 25 Donegall Place. Lowry, James, Llewellyn Avenue, Lisburn. Lowry, Miss L., Hazelwood, Bloomfield. MacCleary, A., Kensington Hotel, College Square East. MaclIlwaine, Mrs., Encliffe, Bangor. MaclIlwaine, Dr. J. E., 26 College Gardens. MaclIlwaine, Robert, Court House, Downpatrick. —!' 1914-1915.] 1864. 1914. 1904. 1905. 1912. 1901. 1876. 1905. 1899. 1899. 1901. 1901. 1913. 1914. 1880. 1891. 1897. 1892. 1908. 1903. 1905. 1893. 1903. 1903. 1915. 1906. 1907. 1894. 1901. 1912. 1898. 1913. 1911. 1893. 1907. 1903. 1909. 1909. 1892. 1899. 1909. 1913. 1884. 1908. 1901. 1879. 1903. 1912. 1912. IgI MacKenzie, John, C.E., 2 Wellington Place. MacLaine, Lachlan, Rathaline, Annadale Avenue. Macoun, John R., Northlands, Deramore Park. Macoun, Mrs., Clanrolla Windsor Park. Macoun, Stephenson, Clanrolla, Windsor Park. MacRea, Kenneth, Balmoral. Major, Rev. J. J., Doagh. Malcolm, Miss Susan, Downshire Road, Holywood. Malcomson, Walter, Cran-y-gael, Osborne Gardens. Malcomson, J. G. B., Cairnburn, Strandtown. Malcomson, Herbert T., 32 Arthur Street. Malcomson, Joseph, 32 Arthur Street. Manning, J. B., Windsor Avenue, Bangor. Manning, J. W., Slieve Donard Hotel, Newcastle. Marsh, Mrs., Glenlyon, Holywood. Marshall, H. C., Bryansburn Road, Bangor. Masaroon, Mrs., Charles Street, Berkhamstead, Herts. Maxton, James, Victoria Street. Maxwell, Henry, Dunalbine, Deramore Park. Maxwell, Joseph, J.P., Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. Maxwell, Mrs., Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. May, Robert, 40 Hopefield Avenue. Maybin, Hugh, B.A., Intermediate School, Lisburn. Mayne, H. Horner, Fierna, Osborne Park. Middleton, Chas. C., Globe Buildings, Donegall Square 8. Millar, Thomas O., 306 Antrim Road. Milligan, Miss, Lisnamaul, Ormeau Road. Milligan, Alex., 4 Cooke Street. Milne, J. N., Foylemore, St. Jude’s Avenue. Mitchell, Miss M. W. H., B.Sc., Anahilt Manse, Hillsborough. Montgomery, H. U., 40 Rosemary Street. Montgomery, Miss H. S., 26 College Green. Montgomery, Miss Jane E., 8 Sandhurst Road. Moore, 8. A., 5 Downshire Road, Bangor. Morris, A., M.P.S.I., 130 Ravenhill Road. Morrison, A., Cherrydene, Knock. Muir, Mrs., Craig Roystan, Castle Park. Muir, A. H., Craig Roystan, Castle Park. Munce, W. B., Rosemary Street. M‘Bretney, W. A. J., 31 Haypark Avenue. M‘Cance, James, 2 Kaston Terrace. M‘Cance, Stouppe, 3 Markham Square, London, 8S. W. M‘Cleery, H., 20 Franklin Street, M‘Cleery, J. O., Ava House, Old Cavehill Road. M‘Connell, James, Correen, Ravenhill Park. M‘Connell, James, J.P., Stranmillis House, M‘Connell, Miss, Stranmillis House. M‘Cready, John, 4 Mountcollyer Creseent. M‘Creary, R., 34 Thorndale Avenue. 192 [Proc. B.N.F.C., M‘Crum, Mrs., Ballyvesey, Carnmoney. M ‘Dowell, Miss, Moira, Co. Down. M‘Kean, Edward John, B.A., B.L., Rosaville, Fortwilliam Park. M‘Kee, Wm. 8., 20 Mill Street. M‘Kinney, W. F., Sentry Hill, Carnmoney. M ‘Kinney, Miss, Sentry Hill, Carnmoney. M‘Millan, W., J.P., 30 Ashley Avenue. Neill, Mrs., 27 Eglantine Avenue. Orr, James, 17 Garfield Street. Patchell, Mrs., 45 Malone Avenue. Patterson, D. C., Glenard, Holywood. Patterson, Robert, F.L.8., M.R.1I.A., M.B.O.U., Glenbank, Holy wood. Patterson, Mrs. Robert, Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, Miss Clara, Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, Wm. H., M.R.1J.A., Garranard, Strandtown. Patterson, J. W., Rosavo, Cultra. Patterson, M. S., Rosavo, Cultra. Phillips, Wm. H., Lemonfield, Holywood.’ Pim, John, J.P., Bonaven, Antrim Road. Pim, Thos. W., 21 Victoria Street. Pim, Joshua, 6 Donegall Square South. Pim, W. R., Lisnagarvey, Lisburn. Pim, Mrs. J. N. R., Oglesgrove, Hillsborough. Pooler, Rev. Chas. K., B.D., M.R.1.A., English St., Downpatrick. Porter, F. A., Queen’s Square. Porter, Wm., Beechview, Balmoral Avenue. Praeger, H. A., Cultra, Holywood. Praeger, R. Ll., B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A., National Library, Kildare Street, Dublin. Rankin, W. J., 2 Woodland Avenue. Rankin, Will, Gordonall, Myrtlefield Park. Rankin, Mrs., Gordonall, Myrtlefield Park. Raymond, George, 66 Kansas Avenue. Rea, Miss M. W., Salem House, Sydenham. Rentoul, Miss, The Lodge, Fortwilliam Park. Rentoul, Dr., J.P., Lisburn. Riddel, Mrs., Donegall Park Avenue. Ridges, John, M.A., Prospect Hill School, Lisburn. Robb, H. M., 44 Ulsterville Avenue. Robertson, C. G., Mountview, Cregagh. Robinson, W. H., 7 Cheviot Street, Strandtown. Rule, Thomas, The Moate, Holywood. Rusk, John, M.D., Antrim Road. 1914-1915.] 193 1909. Russell, Nelson, Lisburn. 1913. Ryan, Miss C., 171 University Street. 1911. Ryves, Miss, Richmond Lodge, Malone Road. 1899. Sandes, Robert, Chorlton, Adelaide Park. 1913. Savage, W. E. J., Lincoln Avenue. 1907. Scott, Thos., J.P., Hannaville, Greenisland. 1903. Sefton, Burton, St. Aubyn’s, Deramore Drive. 1911. Shaw, G. W., Ulster Bank, York Street. 1905. Shiels, Rev. J., Saintfield. 1890. Skillen, Joseph, Claremount, Ballymena. 1901. Sloan, James, Malone Avenue. 1912. Sloan, Miss Sadie, 110 North Road. 1868. Speers, Adam, J.P., B.Sc., Holywood. 1914. Staley, H. S., M.A., Campbell College. 1893. Stears, Samuel M., 6 Rosetta Avenue. 1892. Steel, David, 10 Royal Avenue. 1893. Steele, Miss, Dooneen, Marlborough Park. 1911. Steele (the late), Rev. W. C., B.D., The Manse, Hillsborough. 1914. Steele, Mrs., 7 Lower Crescent. 1910. Stelfox, Mrs. A. W., B.Sc., A.R.C.Se.I., Ballymagee, Bangor. 1911. Stendall, J. A. Sidney, Municipal Museum. 1904. Stephens, John Kyle, J.P., 13 Donegall Square North. 1881. Stevenson, Jobn, Coolavin, Malone Road. 1894. Stewart, W. J., Ormeau Road. 1909. Stokes, W. J., Malone Park. 1866. Swanston, William, F.G.S., 4a Cliftonville Avenue. 1879. Swanston, Mrs., Cliftonville Avenue. 1893. Symington, Prof., M.D., F.R.S., Queen’s University. 1911. Thompson, Herbert M., 95 Eglantine Avenue. 1871. Todd, John, J.P., Clarinda, Fortwilliam Park. 1869. Todd (the late), Wm. A., 24 Victoria Street. 1901. Tomlinson, W. J. C., 17 Glandore Gardens. 1875. Traill, W. A., M.A. Ing., Bushmills. 1879. Turtle, James G., Claremont, Strandtown. 1904. Turtle, William Haydock, 1 Holyrood, Malone Road. 1909. Turtle, Mrs. Herbert, Rosemount, Knock. 1904. Vaughan, Henry R., Lagan Vale Hstate, Stranmillis Road. 1879. Waddell, Rev. C. H., M.A., B.D., M.R.I.A., The Vicarage, Greyabbey. 1906. Wakeman, W. J., C.E., 117 Cavehill Road. 1894. Walsh, Robert, Ashestiel, Malone Road. 1893. Walker, W. J. D., C.B., The Sycamores, Drogheda. 1898. Walker, Miss, 44 Elmwood Avenue. 1893. Walkington, Miss, LL.D., Strandtown. 194 Walkington, G. B., Gracecourt, Malone Park. Walkington, Mrs., Oatlands, Ballinderry. Ward, Miss K., Albertville, Sydenham. Wardell, Miss, 4 Fitzwilliam Avenue. Watson, John G., The Maples, King’s Road, Knock. Wear, Sylvanus, 19 Hopefield Avenue. Welch, Robert J., M.R.I.A., 49 Lonsdale Street. Wheeler, Mrs., Lennoxvale, Belfast. Whitehouse, R. H., M.Sc., Queen’s University. Whiteside, J., 16 Belmont Church Road. Whitla, Sir William, M.D., College Square North. Wilson, George, 9 Bedford Street. Wilson, Prof. Gregg, M.A., D.Sc., M.R.I.A., Queen’s University. Wilson, Mrs., Deramore Park. Woollcombe, Robt. Lloyd, M.A., LL.D. (Dublin University), F.I. Inst., F.R.C.Inst., F.R,.G.S., F.R.E.S., F.S.S., M.R.LA., 14 Waterloo Road, Dublin. Workman, Rev. R., M.A., Crusheen, Cadogan Park. Workman, W. H., M.B.O.U., Lismore, Windsor Avenue. . Wright, Joseph, F.G.S., 10 May Street. Yapp, Prof. R. H., M.A., Queen’s University. Young, Rt. Hon. Rovert, J.P., C.EK., Rathvarna, Chichester Park.. [Proc. B.N.F.C.,. 1914-1915.] 195 OUT. 1911. Toit. 1911. 1913. 1913. 1914. 1912. 1914, 1912. UATE 1911. 1913. 1913, 1912. 1911. 1911, 1914, 1912. 1914, 1912. 1913. 1911. 1913. ZSunior MemBers.- Blackwood, C. V. R., Clanrye School, 8 Osborne Gardens. Browne, George B., 356 Ormeau Road. Browne, Max, 356 Ormeau Road. Carrothers, Norman, 145 Stranmillis Road. Deane, John D., 49 Rugby Road. Deane, A. Lindsay, 49 Rugby Road. Dry, W. F., 1 Farnham Street. Dundee, Miss Bessie, Hillmount, Carnmoney. Ferguson, Miss Olive, 133 Ormeau Road. Forth, Miss Dorothy, Ravenswood, Knockbreda Park. Foster, Miss A. B., Hillsborough. Foster, Nevin H. D., Hillsborough. Gardner, Miss Nettie H., Hawthornden Road, Knock. Humphreys, Miss Norah, Lyndford, Osborne Park. Jackson, Louis L. C., St. Helier’s, Cavehill Road. Maxwell, Miss Olive, Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. Maxwell, Miss Kathleen, Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. Murphy, Miss Mabel, Queen’s University, M‘Clelland, Ernest W., 79 Kansas Avenue. M‘Kay, Miss E. W., Ardbana Terrace, Coleraine. M‘Meekin, Miss Audrey, Sunnyside, Carnmoney. Noble, Miss Nellie, 22 Delhi Street. Patchell, Miss, 45 Malone Avenue. Ritchie, Miss Frances M., Queen’s University. 196 [Proc. B.N.F.C., BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-THIRD YEAR, 1915-16. GENERAL COMMITTEE. President: ROBERT LLOYD PRAEGER, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A. Vice-President: CAPT. ARTHUR R. DWERRYHOUSEH, p.sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A. Treasurer: NEVIN H. FOSTER, F.u.s., M.R.1.A., M.B.0.U., HILLSBOROUGH, Co. Down. Librarian: SYLVANUS WEAR, 19, Hoprrietp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: NATHANIEL CARROTHERS, 145, Srranmitiis Roan, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Geological Section: MISS E. L. ANDREWS, Inta, Comper. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: C. G. ROBERTSON, Mountview, Crecacu, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Archzological Section: ROBERT MAY, 40, Horrrirtp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: J. A. 8. STENDALL, Monicreat Mousrum, BrELrAst. Ordinary Members of Committee: Retire 1916. Retire 1917. Retire 1918. S. A. Bennett, B.A.,B.sc. Robert Bell. Miss 8. Blackwood. Joseph Maxwell, J.P. A. W. Stelfox, M.R.1.A. | R. J. Welch, M.R.1.A. Miss M. W. Rea. W. J.C. Tomlinson. Prof. Yapp, M.A. 1914-1915.) 197 SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. 1915-16. BOTANICAL SECTION. REV. C. H. WADDELL, B.D., M.RB.1.4., Chairman. S. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.Sc. N. CARROTHERS, W. A. J. MSBRETNEY. Hon. Sec. of the Section, S. WEAR. 145, Stranmillis Road, PROF. YAPP, ™.a. Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. CAPT, A. R. DWERRYHOUSLH, D.sce., F.G.8S., M.R.L.A., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. MISS EH. L. ANDREWS, J. K. CHARLESWORTH, m.sc., , Hon. Sec. of the Section, PH.D., ¥F.G.S. Inla, ° MISS M. W. REA. W. J. C. TOMLINSON. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. A. W. STELFOX, ™.R.1.4., Chairman. NEVIN H. FOSTER, F.us., C. G. ROBERTSON, AT ete hla Hon. Sec. of the Section, FRANK HOLLAND. Mountview, Cregagh, JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.P. Belfast, R. J. WELCH, 3.1.4. ARCH AOLOGICAL SECTION. W. J. FENNELL, F.2.1.3.4., Chairman. Comber. MISS E. ANDREWS. | ROBERT MAY, W. B. BURROWKES. | Hon. Sec. of the Section, BE. J. M‘KEAN, B.A., B.L. | 40, Hopefield Avenue, JOSEPH SKILLEN. | Belfast. JUNIOR SECTION. ARTHUR DEANE, Chairman. MISS S. BLACKWOOD. J. A. S. STENDALL, E. W. M‘CLELLAND. Hon. See. of the Section, MISS SADIE SLOAN. The Museum, MISS K. WARD. College Sq. N., Belfast. béKscalED 6 Aub. 1975 | Reduced Prices OF Proceedings age ie ig tg cae iy sie * 7 = Bes an Bs ‘e. been sufficiently reduced prices will be raised aga, 2 ¥ : a> Berea Y ‘ he i Mae 1 isis oe Series it., Vol. I. (1873-74 to 1879-80) to 2/6 per eral e5. is yy = EE. (1881-82 to 1886-87) to 2/6 ©, oS aye Gx STII. (1887-88 to 1892-98) 02/6 — °° Sy he gp es ee, LV. (1898-94-60 1900-01) to2/6 “4, 28 ny Gy Ve (1901-02 to 1906-07) to 2/6, mY In Leather Binding ep to 5/- per vol. ect ae In nen Binding Moo -a tte 3/6 = oe rate @ Appendices, which in covers are priced 6d and 1/-, , may be had in tes is at 1d and 2d per copy respectively. -(This does not apply to Nos. 4, pend. TH . IL, of which we have no surplus stock.) y ; ‘ ares North Bast Teland, by Samant: and Corry, wash Supplement. 2/6 per vol, i$ se 2 sa ‘ ‘ one = ea Lie esi ‘ -s : oN) aye 4 5% ; Te a v ee ee - by abt . » + » S — : S' - - > ae , - - pe ¥ ‘ i d Si. 7 : Ne aie} ‘ ‘ o he a * q -- . . —" Po * < od > 3 Hom ose Pf 4 * ‘ ~ e . » a | . - + aan « -_ *. Pe ~_—_ ine f ollowing Pubiicstions ok the Clu from the Librarian. ne 1 ‘ ‘ Lae a Exe: Highth Annual, Report—1870-71, containing Appendix ‘Bie List oF Trish miaasis ae evar Foraminifera— Wright ; and List of the Fossils of ‘the ceam pe of vo Antrim and Down—Stewart — ... 3 is a 2/6 Ninth Annual Report—1871-72 §, ©... oy, se Be AR RE 2a Tenth do. 1872-73 A ey — Proceedings, Series II., Vol. I, Part I., 1873- 74, éontaining poet TIL, ‘List = on. the Sections exposed at the Alexandra Doek, Belfast, with List of of Mosses, of North- East of Treland— Stewart ; and List of Cretaceous _ OS Microzoa of North of Treland—Wright, 2 Plates ee Se HESS ” < Series II., Vol. Ij, Part IT., 1874-75. ... x oe ake ee wt Li/- 4 4 3 . IIl., 1875-76. <.. pier 3 IV., 1876-77, ogutcamine Appendix 1v., en 5 ee cei Foraminifera of Down and Antrim—Wright, 1 Plate; and Silurian Rocks ee eee of County Down—Swanston and Lapworth, 3 Plates anges ioe ee Series IL., Vol. T., Parts V. and VI., 4877-78 and '78-79 (in ohe) es % = Part VII., 1879-80 containing Appendix Y., List of i Post- Tertiary Foraminifera of North-East of Ireland— —Wright ; and List of. Py Ses Mollusca of Boulder-Clay of North-East of Ireland—Stewart * BI ae a Re Series II., Vol. IL, Part I., 1880-81, containing Appendix VI., List of B) Foraminifera of South Donegal— Wright ; Sponge Remains from Carb. i “ah Limestone, County Sligo—Wright ; and Fossil Sponge: seus Odanty oS ie Slige—Cuarter, 1 Plate = 1/6 Wee Series IT., Vol. IJ., Part IT., 1881-82 pal eee As III,, 1882-83, cantarnien Appendix Vit, Sup- ae 3 plemental List of’ Mosses of the North-East of Ireland—Stewart. re Ef-a3% > . Series IJ., Vol. IL., Part 1V., 1883-84, containing Appendix VIIT:, Notes ous on Trish Coleoptera— Halliday ; Cromlechs of Antrim and Down ~Gray, | iedeke | 12 Plates ; and Pre-historic Monuménts near Sligo—Hlcock, 4 Plates ..33/- a Series EL; Vol. I1., Part V., 1884-85, containing Appendix IX., Ostracoda >. » of Belfast Lough— Malcomson ; ; Fungi of North of Ireland— Lett ; Fora- minifera of ‘‘ Protector” Cruise, &c:—Wright ; Cretaceous Foraminifera = of Keady Hill—Wright ; Irish Coleoptera— Patterson i Of in ale Series IT., Vol. ‘TL,’ Part 1V., 1885-86, containing Appendix "Kc, The a Ferns of Ulster—Phillips and Praeger ae -2/-. Series IT., Vol. IJ., Part VII., 1886-87; containing Appendix meh: Notes ~ Fossils, 1 Plate—Praeger. © ye 5 a Series IT., Vol. III., Part AL: 1887. 88, containing Appendix ee - Marine Shells of the North of Treland— Praeger .. i 12 a Series If., Vol. III., Bae IT. cee 89 * Committee, 2 Plates Series 1, Vol. ILI., Part TV., 1890- ol “és ay at é V.. 1891-92 zi cane is VL., 1892-93 +} ” > +9 Index “Se, UCL, . Series: IT., Vol. 1Vi; ‘Part T., 1893-94, containing Appendix XTIL er am IT., 1894-95, Be ss XT Vee. Dies s EYE, 1895-965: +, five XV. ee © te IV., 1996-97, a , te ES % =e V., 1897-98, ¥ - ie VI, 1898- 99, - NVII., 1899-1900, 1900. OL {in one) ot dees Vol. V., Parts I. and TI., 1901-02, 1902- 03 Hes one) Hp Dior s 3 i _ Part III., 1903- 04, ‘ i, : i . “a TV., 1904- 05, ne V., 1905-06, with Appendices XVI. and xvii; 2. VL, 1906- 07, with Index Bee a See oy: Voly WWI 253 Te 1907- 08, an SS aee 16 me F sy » L1., 1908- 09, on ng on | ie RBS = y eer ook sete Wie 1 OU9- 10, 1/6. peat DATES ite a with Appendices I. and IT. Vol. IIL. 2/- V., 1911 1/6 hie “ NGS Us Hae with Title Pageand Index toVol. Vi. By 7 se) Vole VIL; ¥> Ley 19138- 14, with Heres of 50th Anns Dinos a m 4, LI. 1914- 15, pede 1/6 Some of above are now available to hembers at Feduicéd price, 4 ~ th) 9 ” 9 ” sd ”? 2. - * J Sd anes ‘ S vs ANNUAL REPORT PROCEEDINGS. SERIES I. PART IIL, VOLUME VH. 1915-16. For Contents See Overleaf. eA EX PRINTED FOR MEMBERS ONLY. PRICE OF EXTRA COPIES TO MEMBERS, 1/6. se CONTENTS. List of Officers, 1915-16 Annual Reports ... Statement of Accounts Excursions : :—Holywood ; Lisnagade and Loughbrickland ; Gawley’s Gate and - Selshan (Lough Sees Scrabo; Ballycastle District; Inch Abbey; Glaslough ... Conversazione Papers :—‘‘Club Retrospects and Prospects ””— Presidential Address—R. Le Praeger, B.A., B7., M.R.1.A. ‘‘Some Experiences at an Irish Whaling Station ”—J. Erik Hamilton, M.Sc., F.Z.S. a bs “The Building of a Salt Marsh ”—_Prof. R. H. Yapp, M.A. ‘‘ A few Notes on Man ; ‘and the Implements he used ”—Charles Bulla ‘Spiders ”—J. A. Sidney Stendall Annual Meeting ... Rules Exchanges of Proceedings asi Ps. List of Members ... List of Officers, 1916-17 \ \ t ‘ ,, 7 ® 3 ? ~~ oy, - ; : \ ‘ ; eee : tha? 4 ‘ a + a" ne eo [Pare VE] Proc. B.N.F.C., 1915-16. Portbraddan—Nesting place of Tree-Sparrow. (The late) JAMES STELFOX. PHOTO. ANNUAL REPORT AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB, FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st MARCH, 1916. (FLFTY=THIRD YEAR). SERIES Il. PART III. VOLUME VII. 1915=10. QBeffast : PRINTED AT **‘ THE NORTHERN WHIG’’ OFFICE, VICTORIA STREET. 1916. BELFAST NATURALISTS FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-THIRD YEAR, 1915-16. GENERAL COMMITTEE. President: ROBERT Ll. PRAEGER, B.4., B.E., M.R.I.A. Vice-President : CAPT. ARTHUR R. DWERRYHOUSE, pD.sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A. Treasurer: NEVIN H. FOSTER, ¥.L.s., M.R.1.A., M.B.0.U., HILLSBoROUGH, Co. Down. Librarian : SYLVANUS WEAR, 19, HorrrieLpD AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: NATHANIEL CARROTHERS, 145, SvrANMILLIS Roap, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Geological Section: MISS E. L. ANDREWS, Inia, Comper. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: C. G. ROBERTSON, Mountview, Crecacu, BELrasr. Hon. Sec. Archzological Section: ROBERT MAY, 40, Hoparrenp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: . J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL, THe Museum, Cotrice Se. N., BEbrast. Ordinary Members of Committee: S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.sc. | Robert Bell. Miss 8. Blackwood. Joseph Maxwell, J.P. A. W. Stelfox, Mr.nA. | R. J. Welch, m.r.va. Miss M. W. Rea. W. J.C. Tomlinson. | Prof. R. H. Yapp, M.A. Retire 1916. Retire 1917. | Retire 1918. SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. 1915-16. BOTANICAL SECTION. REV. C. H. WADDELL, B.D., M.R.1.4., Chairman. S. A. BENNETT, B.a., B.sc. | N. CARROTHERS, W. A. J. M‘BRETNEY. Hon. Sec. of the Section. S. WEAR. | 145, Stranmillis Road, PROF. YAPP, wa. Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. CAPT. A. R. DWERRYHOUSE, D.sce., F.G.S., M.R.I.A., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. | MISS E. L. ANDREWS, J. K. CHARLESWORTH, | Hon. Sec. of the Section. M.SC., Ph.D., F.G.S. MISS M. W. REA. | Inla, W. J. C. TOMLINSON. | Comber. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. A. W. STELFOX, w.r.1.A., Chairman. NEVIN H. FOSTER, rF.Ls., | C. G. ROBERTSON, MBE Bee. Hon. Sec. of the Section.. FRANK HOLLAND. JOSEPH MAXWELL, s.r. | Mountview, Cregagh, R. J: WELCH, M.8.1.A. Belfast. | ARCH AZOLOGICAL SECTION. W. J. FENNELL, F.R.1.B.A., Chairman. MISS E. ANDREWS. | ROBERT MAY, W. B. BURROWES. | Hon. Sec. of the Section. E. J. M‘KEAN, B.a., B.L. | 40, Hopefield Avenue, JOSEPH SKILLEN. Belfast. JUNIOR SECTION. ARTHUR DEANE, Chairman. MISS 8. BLACKWOOD. J. A. S. STENDALL, E. W. M‘CLELLAND. | Hon. Sec. of the Section. MISS SADIE SLOAN. The Museum, College Square N., MISS K. WARD. Belfast. Annual Report. THE Committee, in presenting the Fifty-third Annual Report, are pleased to state that the reduction in the Club’s membership has not been maintained. During the year 5 members have died, 16 have resigned or gone away, and 12 have been removed for non-payment of subscription. Against these 35 new members have been enrolled, leaving the membership at the end of the year 333, but of these 11 have intimated that they will not continue their membership. Eight meetings of Committee were held during the year, at which the attendances of members were as follows :— Joseph Maxwell ... 38 A. W. Stelfox 5 C. G. Robertson 8 S. Wear x. aah shes Miss M. W. Rea 6 Robert Bell we ee Miss S. Blackwood 6 R. Ll. Praeger 4 N. Carrothers 6 S. A. Bennett doe N. H. Foster 6 W. J. C. Tomlinson eels Robert May 6 Prof. Yapp Lagarde J. A. S. Stendall 6 R. J. Welch ae eS Miss E. L. Andrews... 5 Capt. Dwerryhouse Pe The following Excursions’ were held during the Summer Session :— Holywood Foreshore (Half-Day) ... .. 5th May. Lisnagade and Loughbrickland _... ... 29th May. Gawley’s Gate and Selshan a ... Igth June. Scrabe (Half-Day) 3 wo 2nd July. Ballycastle District (Long ee .. Ioth-13th July. Inch Abbey (Half-Day) oo ... 24th July. Glaslough Ba fe ee .. 4th Sept. At these excursions the attendance of members and friends averaged 37. 204 [Proc. B.N.F.C., The Winter Session was inaugurated by a Conversazione, held in the Carlton. Hall, on 29th October, which was attended by 136 members and friends. During the Session the following Papers (of which abstracts will be found in the Proceedings) were read :— , 1915. 16th November—-Presidential Address—‘‘ Club Retrospects and Prospects,” RR: Lloyd Praeger, B: AC B..,, MR nSAY 15th December—‘‘Some Experiences at an Irish Whaling Station,” J. E. Hamilton, M.Sc., F.Z.S. 1916. 18th January—‘‘ The Building of a Salt-Marsh,” Prof. R. H. Yapp, M.A. 15th February—‘‘ A few Notes on Ancient Man; and the Implements he used,” Charles Bulla. 21st March—‘‘ Spiders,” J. A. Sidney Stendall. The Treasurer will lay before you his Statement of Accounts, which shows a balance in hand of £69 gs 8d. This balance includes 29 subscriptions for 1916-17 paid in advance. The Reports of the Librarian and of the various Sections of the Club and that of the Prizes Sub-Committee will be presented. In conclusion, your Committee desire to return their thanks to Sir John and Lady Leslie, Rev. Canon and Mrs. Lett, Mr. W. F. de V. Kane, and Mr. and Mrs. F. A. Heron for hospitality and attention on several of the Summer Excursions; to Mr. F. W. Henry for the use of the Carlton Hall for the Conversazione ; to the Press for publishing reports of the Excursions and Meetings ; and to the Kindred Societies and Public Bodies who have favoured us with their Publications. (Signed) C. G. ROBERTSON, Convener of | Secretarial Committee. Librarian’s Report. The ordinary work of the Library has been carried on much as usual. I have nothing special to report. (Signed) SyLvANus WEAR, Librarian. 1915-16.] 205 Report of the Botanical Section. There were no special meetings of this Section held during the Winter Session, as Botanical subjects were prominently brought before the members at the usual Club meetings in the very inter- esting lectures given by our President and Professor Yapp. During the Summer Session our members were as energetic as usual, and some very good results were recorded. Mr. S. A. Bennett had the good fortune of adding Radicula sylvestris*® to the flora of Co. Down. He found it in quantity by the Quoile, near Downpatrick, on 24th July. This plant is very rare in Ulster, the only other station being Bellisle, Co. Fermanagh. On the occasion of the Gawley’s Gate excursion (gth June) some very old records for plants believed to be extinct in Antrim were confirmed, notably Rhamnus catharticus and Lathyrus palustris. Stum latifolium was also refound, on 3rd July, at Portmore, by a few members. On 3ist July Lobelia Dortmanna was found growing in Lough Neagh, west of Kinnegoe, Co. Armagh—a new station for this plant, now very rare in the Lough Neagh basin. On 17th July Pyrola media was found in full flower on Squire’s Hill, Co. Antrim. From July till the end of September a small plot of waste ground near Ballymacarrett Halt, Co. Down (where an immense number of casual plants came up and flowered) was under careful observation, and the following 70 species were listed. I am indebted to Miss M. C. Knowles, of the National Museum, and Sir F. W. Moore, Glasnevin, Dublin, for naming the more critical species. Amaranthus albus L. Camelina sativa Crantz. A. retroflexus L. Centaurea melitensis L. Amsinckia lycopsoides Lehm. C. solstetzalis L. Artemisia vulgaris L.. C. Cyanus L. A. biennts Willd. Chenopodium polyspermum L. A. chamemelifolia Vill. C. rubrum L. Cannabis indica Lam. Cichorium Intybus L. Carthamus tinctortus L. Echinospermum Lappula Lehm. Carduus nutans L. Erysimum orientale Mill, * Nasturtium sylvestre. Galium tricorne Stokes. Geranium pusilium L. Grindelia squarrosa Dunal. Hleliathus petiolaris Nutt. Flordeum jubatum L. Lepidium Draba L tbe Jb) Ee 1s ER Linum usitatissimum 1. ruderale L. sativum L. virginecum L. perfoliatum L. campestre 1. Br. Lychnis Githago Scop. L. vespertina Sibth. Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. Matricaria discocdea DC. M. Chamomilla L. Melilotus alba Desr. M. parviflora Desf. M. arvensis Wallr. M. officinalis Lam. Mentha piperita L. Malva rotundifolia \.. M. moschata L. Marrubtum vulgare L. Monolepis chenopodioides Moq. The Committee thanks the members who sent in specimens for our Herbarium. (Signed) 206 [Proc Neslia paniculata Desv. Nicotiana rustica L. Onopordon Acanthium 1. Panicum miliaceum L. Phalaris canartensts L. P. paradoxa L. Polygonum Fagopyrunt L. Polypogon monspeliensts Desf. Potentilla argentea VL. P. norvegica L. Reseda lutea L. R. odorata L. Saponaria Vaccarza 1. Setaria viridis Beauv. S. ttalica Beauv. Salsola Tragus L. Silene noctifiora L. S. gallica L. Sisymbrium Irio L. Ss Sophia L. Solidago canadensts L. Solanum nigrum L. S. tuberosum L. Thiaspi arvense L. Trifolium lappaceum L. Vicia sativa L. B.N.F.O., N. CarroruHers, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Geological Section. Two excursions in connection with this Section were held during the past year. The first was to the quarries on Scrabo Hill. Dr. Charlesworth kindly acted as conductor and, at the request of the members present, gave a short account of the 1915-16,] 207 geology of the district as well as pointing out the various pheno- mena—current-bedding, ripple-marks, sun-cracks, and the dykes and sills—which are to be seen in these quarries. The second excursion was to Donaghadee, where a small party, under the conductorship of Dr. Charlesworth, were successful in finding specimens of the fossil Graptolites M/onograptus, Diplo- graptus and Rastrites. During the Winter Session Dr. Charles- worth was kind enough to give two lectures on the geology of the North-East of Ireland, which were well attended and much -appreciated. (Signed) E. L. ANpREwS, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Zoological Section. No special excursions or meetings of the Section were. held ‘during the past season, but ample opportunities for study were .afforded members interested in the special work of the Section on the various Summer excursions of the Club. Several members individually have done good work during the year, and the /7zsk Naturalist contains the following Papers contributed by the members on Zoological subjects, viz. :— “Natural History Notes from Carlingford,” “‘ Distribution of the Symphyla in Ireland as at present known,” and “ Tree-Sparrow Nesting in Co. Antrim,” by Mr. N. H. Foster; “ Ichneumonidz and Braconidz from Counties Armagh and Donegal,” by Rev. W. F. Johnson; and “A List of the Land and Freshwater Mollusks of the Dingle Promontory,” by Mr. A. W. Stelfox. The last named member has also added the Mollusk Ozma otis to the fauna of Co. Down and the False Scorpion Odisium maritimum to the fauna of Ulster. Mr. J. A. S. Stendall has been doing good work in Spiders and Harvestmen, and has added some species to the known fauna of Ulster. (Signed) C. G. Ropertson, Hon. Sec. of the Section. 208 [Proc. B:N.F.C.,; Report of the Archzological Section. The work of this Section having been in abeyance during the previous session, was resumed for the present session on 21st August, 1915, when a number of members and friends travelled to the ancient Churches of Saul and Raholp, so much identified with the Mission of St. Patrick. Great interest was taken in the recent restoration work at Raholp and the discoveries made there by Mr. F. J. Bigger. The second excursion was to Ardglass and Ardtole. Good work has recently been carried out on the ancient Church of Ardtole by the Board of Works, and many important discoveries made of stained glass, etc., in which keen interest was taken by the members of the Section. The third excursion was to the Stone Circle at Ballynoe, and Rathmullin and Eranagh. Two lectures were given during the Winter in the Clubroom. The first by Mr. J. A. S. Stendall, on ‘Obsolete Punishments,” enhanced by an exhibition of many of the ancient instruments of torture. The second lecture was given by Mr. Joseph Maxwell, on “ This Winter’s Night Sky,” illustrated by lantern, and original coloured drawings by the lecturer from his own observations of the heavenly bodies. Other lectures promised have been postponed till next session. (Signed) R. May, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Junior Section. The year commenced with a total membership of 21. During the year 5 members have resigned, and 1 has been struck off owing to non-payment of subscription, while 17 new members have been elected, giving a present total of 32 members, an increase of 11. Five excursions were held during the Summer, as follows :— Ligoniel to Glengormley, Holywood: Woods, and the Lagan, for general field work ; Cave, Hill, for the study of Geology, was also visited, under the leadership of Dr. J. K. Charlesworth. ‘The attendance at all the excursions was good, the average number of Juniors present being 18. 1915-16.] 209 Two Winter evening meetings have been held, viz. :—‘‘ The Study of Birds’ Eggs” and “The Science of the Sea.” The former was given in the Museum, by the Secretary of the Section, and the latter was held in the Natural History Theatre of Queen’s University, the address being given by Mr. J. Erik Hamilton. Botanical and Zoological enigmas were given at the Summer excursions, much interest being shown in these by the members and keen competition displayed. The enigma forms a distinctly new departure in the Junior Section, as far as this Club is con- cerned, and it is hoped to continue the scheme throughout the coming Summer. ‘Two prizes have been awarded in connection with the enigma competition, details of which will be found in the Report of the Prizes Sub-Committee. (Signed) J. A. SipNnEy STENDALL, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Prizes Sub-Committee. No Papers have been received this year in connection with any of the prizes offered by the Club, and the only competition to adjudicate upon is the Enigma Competitions for Junior Members, for which two prizes were offered. A feature of this competition was the keenness and initiative shown by individual members, which cannot be adequately described but only understood from personal observation. This Sub-Committee, consisting of members of the Junior Section Committee, beg to recommend that the First Prize of ten shillings, offered by Mr. A. Deane, be awarded to Master John Deane, and the Second Prize of five shillings, offered by Mr. J. A. S. Stendall, be awarded to Miss Norah Humphreys. (Signed) KATHLEEN WARD, : Prizes ERNEST W. M‘CLELLAND, ; Sub-Committee. J. A. StipNEY STENDALL, [Proc. B.N.F.C., 210 eS “TIVGNALS AANGIS ‘V ‘f ee ‘S40J1IDHE { NTOOOOVCOTOOWCOW [ony M~ Ke) Lae = NQ MORrRrOOCNOOMNNRA ‘9161 “udy witb ‘NOSLUFAION “9 ‘9 (pauais) ‘j9a1109 puNo} pu pouturexy “MainsMar~ “uORT “NALSOA “H NIAAN (pausis) g 6 60F sie Pe ae aourjeg O[—1£ yor “OI161 e/a, soureq ‘‘ 10}99][0D 0} UOIsstuMOD *‘ S1-bi61 Qaoday jenuuy Sununug ‘ "* QUOIZESI9AUOZ Jo sasuadxy ‘* vee a Sose}sog ce S1-P161 ‘wanasnyy ur swmooy jo juay “ eum om ol one SSUIDIII0I PUY V4LOPT JO SaTeES * aE “af syooig ‘* @y (it uoKBIoossy srayovay rad woosqny ur ‘9x ‘sexy ‘‘ Aymyeig, ‘ O O11 : Ss a PIOS sxporg ‘ IS2]DANJONT Ystty *§ (oy) 3 aUOIZVSIIAUOD WoO s}diedayy aouRINsUy oy‘ ne Shah SUOISINDXY wo souvyeq ** eee uor}9ag xzO1UN{ ** Onin soa souenugq ‘ sSunsey Jo sasuadxq * Ono zo1un[ 0d oy a ss sex) ‘ 0-75.04 suondnosqng ‘* ‘ow ‘ArauUOneIG ‘Bunuug ‘syoog Ag L gr fi ay ie es 2 aourleg oy ‘SLNAWAVd ‘SlidIFZORY ‘YdsIVW ISIE Sulpus seaXA oy} JOJ UNODDY S JOINSeds | ‘IG ——— ee Sennen 1915-16. } 211 Proceedings. SUMMER SESSION. HOLYWOOD, The first excursion of the season—half-day—took place on 15th May, to the section of the Raised Beach resting on Boulder- Clay which had been so well exposed by storms last Winter. ‘The Raised Beach here contains worked flints of a very early type, like those of Ballyholme, Larne, and the Kinnegar. Many of these were collected by members of the party, which numbered over sixty. When all were assembled at the section the con- ductor, Mr. R. J. Welch, called on Dr. Charlesworth to give a short talk about the geology of that particular corner of County Down, which he did, pointing out the special interest it had for geologists owing to the fact that the Carboniferous beds here underlie an unmistakable Permian outcrop. This small area of Permian rocks is only exposed at dead low water of spring tides just south of Cultra pier. Dr. Charlesworth also called attention to the Raised Beach with its flint implements, and especially to the fine section of Boulder-Clay (now so well exposed by marine erosion) resting on the Triassic beds, the junction being well seen at the north end. This Boulder-Clay is a more than usually good example, large erratics of basalt having fallen out of it on the beach. These may have been derived from the basaltic plateau of Antrim, over which the ice masses forming the Boulder-Clay travelled from the northward. Other erratics were noted, including a good number of Ailsa Craig eurite, one which looked like Tornamoney eurite from North Antrim, and another which may be a Scotch granite. 212 {Proe. B.N.F.C., A visit was then paid to the Carboniferous fossiliferous shales at Cultra, from which the party proceeded to the residence of Mr. F. A. Heron, The Nest, for tea. This came as a surprise to the party, and after a most enjoyable entertainment Mr. Adam Speers proposed, and Mr. J. Maxwell seconded, a vote of thanks to Mr., Mrs., and the Misses Heron for their generous hospitality. One senior—Miss W. Herdman—and three new junior members— Messrs. Josias Cunningham, Alex. C. Scott, and Sydney Scott —were elected, and the party then split up, some hurrying off to the Permian beds, now exposed at low water, others visiting the garden and Mr. Heron’s collection of living birds, one of which, a Nightingale, was of special interest, so few members of the party had ever seen this bird in the flesh. Others finished their collecting of various invertebrate groups. Six species of Isopods (Woodlice) were noted, including two of our rarer species, Trichoniscus roseus and Haplophthalmus mengit. LISNAGADE AND LOUGHBRICKLAND. The second excursion took place on 29th May, when about fifty members and their friends left by the 10-50 a.m. train for Banbridge. On arrival there the party drove to Lisnagade, where the first portion of the time was spent in examining the various raths, by permission of Mr. Wm. ‘laggart. The earthworks are all in very perfect condition, and form an interesting monument of the ‘‘silent vanished races” who once roamed over the undulating hills and pleasant valleys of fertile County Down. The word “lis” means an enclosed abode and is still preserved in many names of places all over Ireland. Lisnagade means “the fort of the hundred,” and from its situation was evidently the head- quarters of a very important community. The two neighbouring raths, Lisvaragh and Liswheelan, have also the same well-preserved characteristics, though they are not so large as the other. The Rey. Canon Lett, who conducted the excursion, pointed out and 1915-16.] 213 explained the leading features of the ancient earthworks. The ramparts and trenches surrounding the central plateau in all of the three raths are still in good condition after the lapse of two thousand years. Between Lisvaragh and Lisnagade the members had a view of the “ Danes’ Cast,” about which there have been many opinions. Probably the best authorities incline to look on it simply as a boundary-mark between the ancient divisions of the county. As such it was naturally the scene of many skirmish raids and close to it in consequence were the sites of most of the lisses or raths, the homes of the fighting chieftains of the border. There seems to be strong evidence in support of the theory that these all belong to a very remote period, certainly not later than the early Celtic inhabitants of the country. Here they lived their active lives, fighting and raiding, and here they have left the monuments of their handiwork, which carry-us back to the time of King Connor MacNessa and to the days when the three Collas seized and utterly destroyed the palace of Emania. After lunch the party rejoined the brakes and proceeded to Aghaderg Glebe, where they were most hospitably entertained to tea by Rev. Canon and Mrs. Lett. Those present had an opportunity of inspecting the many rare and interesting botanical specimens collected by their host in Ireland, and now growing in his garden. These included £rica mediterranea, Meconopsis cambrica, Euphorbia hiberna, Cryptogramme crispa, Polypodium Phegopteris, Osmunda regalis, various Saxifrages, &c., &c. In addition to above the botanical members collected during the day Rosa arvensis, Galium erectum, Myosotis versicolor, Melampyrum pratense, Celerach officinarum, Lastrea Oreopteris, Ophioglossum vulgatum, as wellas many common species. /atine hexandra and E. Hydropiper are known to grow in Lough Brickland, but owing to the height of the water they could not be reached. The zoologists were also busy, and made collections in several groups of invertebrates. Four species of Woodlice and nine species of Myriapods were taken, but these included nothing new to Co. Down. 214 (Proc: BANE) C:,. Before leaving Aghaderg a short business meeting was held, at which Mrs. Lindsay, Miss Mawdsley, and Mr. W. H. Kirkpatrick (seniors), and Miss May Patterson, Miss G. Hall, Miss B. Mayne, and Miss K. Stephenson (juniors) were elected members. In 2 few appropriate sentences Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson, on behalf of the Club, thanked Canon and Mrs, Lett for their hospitality, and afterwards the party drove to Banbridge, returning by 5-45 train to Belfast. GAWLEY’S GATE AND SELSHAN (LOUGH NEAGH). The third excursion of the Summer session took place on rgth June, and the arrangements were made by Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson, who also acted as conductor for the day. Forty-two: members and visitors travelled by the 9-30 a.m. train to Lurgan, and here cars were in waiting and were immediately mounted, when the six miles’ drive north to Gawley’s Gate, on the shore of Lough Neagh, began. The main north road to Aghalee and Antrim was taken to Whitehall Corner, just short of the village of Aghagallon (the field of the gallaun or standing-stone), when an abrupt turn was taken to the left and westward, the Lagan Canal crossed, and the road pursued to Derrymore (Dazre-more, the great oak wood). On reaching Maghernagaw a brief halt was made at the ancient cemetery. Little is known of the church that once stood here. Dr. Reeves supposes it to have been the “Capella de Thanelagh,” of the “‘ Pope Nicholas Taxation” record. From the remnants of the church foundations in the churchyard it would appear that the edifice, rectangular in form, measured forty-nine and a half feet by twenty. In the cemetery is a large flat stone known as the Saint’s Bed. O/’Laverty says the holy man whom tradition connects with the stone was variously named: St. Gaw and St. Mogawoge being the commonest forms. The Saint’s well is near by. The cemetery, which is in a rather dilapidated condition, is used only by the “‘ natives” of the district, who cling 1915-16.} 215 proudly and tenaciously to their rights and privileges therein. If one of these were asked where he hopes to lie when gathered to his fathers he would doubtless reply promptly, ‘‘Oh, in Magher- nagaw, where they bury no ‘strangers.’” This lingering tradition concerning “strangers” is embodied curiously in some of the place-names of this south-western corner of the county. Gawley’s Gate, for example, would appear to indicate the Gall’s Gate—that is the gate or entrance of the “stranger” or “foreigner.” From the researches carried out by the late Dr. Hume and others it is clear that the Plantation settlers in this part of County Antrim, embracing the parishes of Aghagallon, Ballinderry, and Glenavy, were mainly of English origin, and who consequently came to be spoken of by the Irish-speaking natives of their day simply as Galls, ‘‘ strangers,” or “‘ foreigners.” Gawley’s Gate, on the very verge of Lough Neagh, is about two miles due west of Ballinderry, and a mile or so south-west of Portmore Lough or Lough Beg, where the original church of Portmore, associated with the ministry of the celebrated Jeremy Taylor, is located. The members dismounted on arriving at the residence of Mr. David Mairs, Gawley’s Gate, and immediately betook themselves to the lake shore, there to pursue their various. scientific pursuits and hobbies. The weather conditions were ideal, and the waters of the lake a beautiful sight. Just north of Gawley’s Gate is the Selshan (Soz/esean—the ‘“ illumination,” “light,” or “lantern”), a name which seems to indicate that at the spot in early times was a ford or bridge, where a light of some kind was displayed for the use and guidance of those who were travelling by night. The whole neighbourhood still abounds in bogs and marshes ; and the only road at the place two or three centuries ago may have been a track on the sandy and gravelly raised beach, which forms an almost continuous escarpment to the lake shore. North of Selshan was Lord Conway’s great deer park, which contained about 1,000 acres. The lower part of it, occupying the promontory to the north-west of Selshan Bay is known as the Hog Park. The shores are here well wooded, and B 216 [Proc. B.N.F:C., on the Hog Park side the members were fortunate in re-discovering a fine colony of the shrubby tree, known as the Purging Buck- thorn, Rhamnus catharticus, a plant which had come to be regarded as extinct, through drainage, in the North-East of Ireland. Except for the remains in bogs, however, there is little evidence now of the forests of former days. What was known as the “Great Oak of Portmore,” and which grew in the Deer Park, was blown down by a “big wind” about 1760, and when sold piece- meal realised a sum of £136. The trunk was 42 feet in circumference, and it was 25 feet from the ground to the first branch. The botanists of the party revelled in their opportunities on this day. Lough Neagh, at Selshan, and the marshes, flats, bogs, and drains lying round Selshan harbour form classic ground from the botanist’s view point. A very rich, and in some respects rare, flora has been recorded therefrom. Some of the plants so recorded had not, however, been seen since the early part of last century, and consequently a special effort was made to re-discover a few of the missing ones. The drought of the present season favoured the search party, enabling them to traverse dried-up marshes which are in ordinary seasons quite impassable. In addition to the Buckthorn above-mentioned, the Blue Marsh Vetchling, Lathyrus palustris, was re-found growing profusely, and in full bloom, in the marshy meadows by the shore at Selshan Bridge. The plants about this part of the shore are mainly of the Reed-marsh and Alder-marsh type of association. Great groves of the Reed-grass and of the Bulrush occupy the waters of the shore line. Of this aquatic and marsh vegetation the rarer plants noted were:—TZhalictrum flavum, Lythrum Salicaria, Cicuta virosa, Ginanthe Phellandrium, Lysimachia vulgaris, L. Nummut- aria, Hydrocharis Morsus-rane, and Osmunda regalis. Among the rarer Sedges collected were :—Carex canescens, C. Goodenovitt, and C. stricta. Ona dry bank at Hog Park was noted the Rough Chervil, and by the shore the Dog Violet. On the Derrymore side of the bay the Adder’s-tongue Fern was found; and in the 1915-16.] 217 Hog Park side a profusion of the Hard Shield Fern, Aspzdium aculeatum. When the various groups into which the party had split up foregathered again for afternoon tea under the shade of the trees at Selshan Cottage, there was a general comparing of notes and collections. The botanists had done excellent work, and were well satisfied; the geologists had not done any collecting, but they had studied the interesting physical features of the district, and noted some excellent examples of a submerged forest and peat beds on the shore of the lough ; while the zoologists had been noting various things of importance to them, and reported that during the day forty species of Birds were observed about the lough. In one meadow the motions and anxious calls of Lapwings and Redshanks testified to their having young among the herbage, the place affording typical nesting-ground for these birds. The most interesting ornithological observation consisted in the recognition of a Turnstone (it is probable there were three or four of them) on the boulder-clad shore just north of Hog Park Point. ‘This bird is usually regarded in this country as a Winter visitant, but has been noted by the sea coast in small numbers occasionally throughout the Summer, and had been observed at Lough Neagh in the month of May, t902z. The dry weather conditions caused the collection of invertebrates to be rather meagre. Four species of Terrestrial Isopods were noted, but these included one—VPorcellio pictus—which is not regarded as common. The Spiders, Harvestmen, and Myriapods collected did not contain anything new to Co. Antrim. After tea, the customary short business meeting was held, the ex-president, the Rev. Canon Lett, presiding. Mr. Nevin H. Foster acted as secretary pro /em., and announced that three new members had been nominated, namely, Miss Dick, Miss Twaddell, and Mr. Thomas Lawrie, all of whom were duly elected. He then announced that Professor Yapp, of Queen’s University, who was present, had been chosen as the Club’s Delegate to the Committee of Corresponding Societies of the British Association, at Manchester, in September. The business meeting over, a 218 {Proc. B.N.F.C., return was soon after made to Gawley’s Gate, where the cars were in readiness, and at six o’clock the return journey to Lurgan was entered upon. The party shortly after entrained in their specially reserved carriage, and reached Belfast duly at a quarter-past eight. SCRABO. On 3rd July the Club had an afternoon excursion to Scrabo. Although the weather conditions were very unfavourable about twenty members entrained by the 1-35 p.m. for Newtownards, whence they walked to Scrabo Hill. On the way a visit was paid to the well-known nurseries of Messrs. Dickson, where, by the courtesy of the firm, the members had an opportunity of inspecting many interesting plants. Upon reaching the more immediate object of the excursion the remainder of the afternoon was spent in examining the geological and botanical features of the district. The extensive sandstone quarries afforded specially favourable opportunities for the geological section of the Club, and although no new items of interest were recorded by the botanists the members of this section were also well repaid for their exertions. Upon the return journey a short business meeting was held (Mr. Adam Speers in the chair), when Rev. D. H. Maconachie and Mrs. Maconachie were elected senior members, and Miss. Mollie Montgomery a junior member. BALLYCASTLE DISTRICT, For the “long excursion” Ballycastle District was the venue. A party of twenty-four left Belfast on roth July, under the leader- ship of Messrs. N, H. Foster and R. J. Welch. Two more members joined at Ballycastle, when lunch was partaken of in the Antrim Arms Hotel—the headquarters of the party during the four days. 1915-16.] 219 After lunch brakes conveyed the party to Fair Head, the inland road being taken. x voute the ruins of Bun-na-Margie Abbey—the ancient burial-place of the clan MacDonnell—were passed. During the drive specimens of the Butterfly and Spotted Orchis were obtained, and during the ascent of the Head numerous specimens of some of our rarer plants were seen. After a short rest the party was conducted along the summit of the cliff, across the outlet from Lough Doo, and downwards towards the stream issuing from Lough-na-Cranagh, from which a somewhat slippery path bordered by the Grass of Parnassus (now in full flower) gave access to the road at Colliery Bay, whence the party, remounting the brakes, returned to the hotel. For Sunday there was no fixed programme. Some of the party devoted the forenoon to the woods in Glenshesk and the afternoon to Plantation Port at Kinbane Head ; others went to church, whilst most paid a visit during the day to Bun-na-Margie Abbey and to the camp of the Inniskillings on the Ballycastle Heads. Bright sunshine favoured the party on Monday in their exploration of Whitepark Bay. It was a two hours’ drive to Portbraddan, at the western end of the bay. During the last quarter of an hour of the drive the profusion of bloom of the Flower of Dunluce, Geranium pratense, which here grows in wild luxuriance, was admired. After lunch the members were led round the base of the limestone cliffs, tenanted, as usual, by a large nesting colony of House-Martins, to the sandy shore. On reaching the kitchen-middens active search was prosecuted for relics of ancient man. A fine series of photos. of flint implements, &c., sent by Mr. William Gray, M.R.I.A., and a number of the implements themselves brought by Mr. Welch, greatly aided the party in their search, large collections being amassed. Proceeding eastwards the members soon reached Ballintoy Harbour, and thence walked to the coastguard station, where the brakes were waiting and the return drive was com- menced. At Ballintoy a refreshing cup of afternoon tea was provided, and Ballycastle was reached in time for dinner at 8 o’clock. 220 [Proc. B.N.F.C.,. Tuesday, which was showery, was devoted to the exploration ~ of Murlough Bay. Under the changing conditions of light and shade Murlough Bay was really seen to its best advantage, and the colour-changes on the water, with the ever-changing shadows on the surrounding hills, called forth numerous expressions of admiration. At 6-30 the return journey was commenced. After dinner at the hotel the customary business meeting was held— Mr. R. J. Welch presiding. On the motion of Mr. A MC‘, Cleland, seconded by Mr. J. Glover, a cordial vote of thanks was passed to Mr. William Gray for his courtesy and kindness in sending the photos. of flint implements, &c., for the instruction of the members. Thanks were also accorded to the conductors of, the excursion. Mr. Robert Walsh Mussen having been elected a junior member, the proceedings terminated. By the 10-30 train on Wednesday morning the members left Ballycastle after four days of thorough enjoyment. Among the more interesting plants noted were Scrpus setaceus, by the side of the path leading down to Plantation Port, Kinbane ; Geranium pratense and Orchis pyramidalis, at White- park Bay; Ovobanche rubra and Lastrea emula, at Murlough Bay ; whilst Asplentum marinum was seen in both these localities. After the interesting addresses on Sedums given by the President last session the profusion of Sedum anglicum and S. acre in the district proved an enjoyable item to the botanists of the party. Some attention was paid to the Mosses in the district, and the following list contains the rarer species identified. From Fair Head—Rhacomitrium canescens, R. aciculare, and Ptychomitrium polyphyllum ; from Murlough—Rhacomitrium faciculare, Eurhyn- chium striatum, .. myurum, Philonotis fontana, Grimmta apocarpa, Plagiothecium undulatum, P. denticulatum, Neckera complanata, Hylocomium loreum, and Pterogonium gracile ; from Glenshesk— Brachythecium rivulare; from Whitepark Bay—Svachythectum albicans, Barbula unguiculata, Dicranella heteromalla, Tortula rurals, and L£nxcalypta streptocarpa,; from Plantation Port, Kinbane—Aypnum cupressiforme var. filiforme, Orthotrichum 1915-16.) 221 leiocarpum, and Anomodon viticulosus. Of the Hepatics Madotheca platyphylla was abundant on boulders in Murlough Glen, where was also observed Plagiochila aspleniotdes var. major, and Metzgeria furcata was found in Plantation Port. The Lichen, Lobaria pulmonaria, was found on boulders in Murlough Glen, and this species is new to Co. Antrim. A short time at White- park Bay and at Murlough Bay was devoted to collecting Sea- weeds. At the former place all the specimens were obtained from the rock pools in the basalt at Portbraddan—the tide being unsuitable by the time the eastern end of the bay was reached. On the seaward side of the rocks at Portbraddan Aimanthata Jorea grew luxuriantly. At Murlough Bay, in a similar habitat, Ascophyllum nodosum was most in evidence. This would lead one to think that Murlough Bay is not fully exposed to storms, as 4. nodosum requires a certain amount of shelter. Great quantities of Desmarestia aculeata were noted in pools in the Carboniferous sandstone. It had lost its fringing hairs and was assuming the Winter form. The following are some of the more interesting species collected, and thanks are due to Mr. Cotton, of Kew Gardens, who kindly examined and confirmed the identification of some of the more critical species. From Whitepark Bay— Enteromorpha compressa Grev., Asperococcus fistulosus Hood, Myrionema strangulans Grev., and Chantransia virgatula Thur. ; from Murlough Bay—Desmarestia Ugulata Lam., NMitophyllum Bonnematisoni Grev., LV. punctatum Grev., Delesseria hypoglossum Lamour, Heterostphonta coccinea Falk., Sphaerococcus coronopifolius Grev., and Lomentaria clavellosa Gaill. During the four days fifty-four species of Birds were observed, but in the domain of ornithology the most interesting discovery made was the finding of a colony of Tree-Sparrows, Passer montanus, nesting on one of the North Antrim cliffs.* Hitherto this bird had only been known to nest in Ireland in the counties of Dublin, Donegal, and Londonderry, but it is well within the bounds of possibility that it has passed unnoticed elsewhere owing to its resemblance to the common House-Sparrow. In this case the *See Plate VI. 222 [Proc. B.N.F.C., colony consisted of both species, but apparently the greater number were Tree-Sparrows. In Woodlice nothing new to the district was seen, but it is worthy of note that a large colony of one of our rarer species, Haplophthalmus mengit, was observed in Murlough Bay. Nine species of Millepedes were taken, of which one, Judus teutontcus Pocock, is new to Co. Antrim; the Centi- pede collection contained six species, two of these, Lzthodbius borealis Meinert and ZL. duboscquz Brol., are additions to the Antrim fauna. Mr. R. S. Bagnall reports that the Symphylla col- lection contained four species— Scudigerella immaculata (Newport), S. biscutata Bagnall, S. spintpes Bagnall (new to Antrim), and Scolopendrellopsis subnuda (Hansen) (new to Ireland). As there had been a long period of dry weather followed by heavy rains previous to our visit, the conditions were not favourable for the collecting of Mycetozoa (Myxomycetes)—the rain probably washing away the delicate sporangia. Previously some twelve species of this group had been recorded from the district, and, as will be seen by the subjoined list, five additional species were obtained. These were submitted to Miss Lister, F.L.S., whom we have to thank for her kindness in examining them. The woods at Murlough Bay and Plantation Port proved most productive, Glenshesk woods being disappointing. The following list contains all the species obtained—Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa Macbr., from Glenshesk, Plantation Port, and Kinbane; Physarum nutans Pers., from Glenshesk; Comatricha nigra Schroeter var. axa, from Plantation Port; C. /axa Rost., from Glenshesk ; C. typhozdes Rost., from Plantation Port ; Hxerthenema papillatum Rost., from Murlough Bay; Retscularia Lycoperdon Bull., from Murlough Bay; Lycogola epidendrum Fries, from Glenshesk and Murlough Bay; TZyzchia decipiens Macbr., from Murlough Bay; Avrcyria incarnata Pers., from Glenshesk, Murlough Bay, and Plantation Port; and 4. xutans Grev., from Murlough Bay and Plantation Port. Of the above species the following are new to the district—Physarum nutans, Comatricha nigra, C. typhoides, C. laxa and Enerthenema papillatum. 1915-16.) 223 INCH ABBEY. On 24th July a party of thirty-five members and friends, -conducted by Mr. Robert May, travelled by the 1-50 train to Downpatrick to visit the ruins of Inch Abbey, which lie in picturesque seclusion amongst the trees by the Quoile River. A walk of about three miles from Downpatrick brought the party, now augmented by other members and friends, to /mzs- Cumhscraigh. This Cistercian house was founded in the twelfth century beside an older Celtic foundation, still used as a grave- yard. The old church was removed last century and the site occupied by the Maxwell vault. The Board of Works have conserved the Abbey and cleared away the surrounding debris, &c., revealing much that was formerly buried and concealed. This work has been most skilfully done under the direction of the late Dr. Robert Cochrane and his able clerk of works, Mr. John Garty. The whole plan of the Abbey buildings, church, cloisters, and domestic apartments, now stands revealed, forming perhaps the most interesting group of monastic buildings left in the North of Ireland. The great beauty and dignity of the choir, with its tall lancet windows, is the outstanding feature. This is, however, well supported by the four side chapels, whose fragments of groined roofs and graceful carvings still proclaim their former perfections. A great number of elaborately-carved stones have been unearthed and carefully preserved. Sufficient masonry to form at least one arch of the cloister has been found, and it is rather a pity that it has not been set up again zm” s7z¢u as the ground plan of the cloister is not sufficiently definite to be educational to the ordinary visitor. Ata little distance from the main buildings are large ovens and bakehouses, proving an industry beyond the ordinary necessities of the monks. Great interest was taken in the many beautiful architectural features revealed by the recent excavations. The botanists and zoologists -of the party found the low marshes and the river’s edge happy hunting grounds, and many important finds were made and noted. The party having returned to Downpatrick, visits were made to 224 (Proc. B.N.F.C.,. the Cathedral and St. Patrick’s grave. After tea at the Down Hunt Arms Hotel a short business meeting was held, Mr. Joseph Maxwell in the chair, and afterwards the members returned to Belfast. GLASLOUGH. The seventh excursion of the Summer session took place on 4th September, when twenty-seven members and friends entrained at Belfast in specially-reserved carriages and travelled by the 9-30 a.m. train to Glaslough. Here they were met by Mr. W. F. de V. Kane, D.L., M.R.I.A., who conducted the party to the demesne of Colonel Leslie, D.L., who had kindly granted per- mission to the Club for the exploration of his place. Passing from the entrance gates towards the house the many species of exotic conifers and other trees and shrubs absorbed the attention of the members, and on reaching the terrace on which the house stands all paused to admire the view embracing Glaslough Lake, backed by woods just beginning to assume the mellow tints of Autumn. The house itself is a modern structure of imposing appearance which was erected in 1878 by Sir John Leslie, Bart. Mrs. Leslie received the party and conducted them through the house, pointing out the many art treasures—mainly amassed by Sir Jobn Leslie—which it contains. During his travels in Italy Sir John had succeeded in acquiring numerous pictures by the old masters, and these, with many others elsewhere obtained, as well as the pictures and wall decorations limned by Sir John himself, strongly appealed to the artistic faculties of the party. Among the treasures displayed mention may be made of the porcelain mantelpiece, above which are exhibited a fine series of blue and black Wedgewood miniatures, Wordsworth’s harp, and a fine case of prehistoric implements in stone and bronze collected in the neighbourhood. Several cases of stuffed birds proved of interest to the ornithologists of the party. In these were included. specimens of the golden eagle, buzzard, peregrine falcon, black: [ PLATE Proc. B.N.F.C., 1915-16 Glaslough—The lake from the gardens R. Hoae. A. PuHorTo 1915-16.) 225 grouse and grey hen, ducks and game birds of several species, &c. Hunting trophies from India, &c., are likewise displayed on the walls. Before leaving the house Mr. Kane, on behalf of the members, thanked Mrs. Leslie for her courtesy and attention, and Mrs. Leslie expressed the hope that many good finds would await the attention of the collectors during the afternoon. Mr. Kane then led the party to the lake side, where lunch was partaken of, and afterwards all scattered to follow their particular bents. The earlier portion of the afternoon was mainly spent in the woods bordering Glaslough Lake, and some of the more energetic members paid a visit to Kivey Lake. Most of the party visited the neat and well-kept church situate in the demesne—the old parish church (Donagh) some three miles distant being now unused—the vicar, Rev. E. Bigger, having it opened for their inspection. By four o’clock almost all had reassembled in the gardens, through which they were conducted by Mr. Bryce. __ Shortly after half-past four the conductor’s whistle summoned the party, and all proceeded to the railway station, where they found tea awaiting them, the catering being done by Ye Olde Castle. After tea a short business meeting was held, Mr. N. H. Foster presiding. On the motion of Mr. J. R. Macoun, seconded by Mr. F. A. Heron, hearty votes of thanks were passed to Colonel and Mrs. Leslie for their kindness and courtesy in admitting the party to their beautiful house and demesne, and to Mr. Kane, who had kindly attended to direct their steps. Mr. Adam Speers proposed, and Mr. S. Macoun seconded, a vote of sympathy with Prof. Carpenter in his recent sad bereavement, which was carried in silence, the members standing. Mrs. Aird, Mrs. MacCarthy, Miss Young, and Mr. Hugh Aird having been elected members, the proceedings terminated. About an hour was now at the disposal of the members, which was devoted to collecting in the neighbourhood of the station, &c., and at 6-30 the reserved carriages were re-entered and Belfast safely reached at 8-15, thus bringing to a successful termination the Summer Session of the Club’s fifty-third year. 226 [Proc. B.N.F.O., Among the plants the more interesting noted were the Skull- cap, Scuteclaria galericulata, the Dog’s Mercury, Mercurtahs perennis, and Juncus glaucus, the two latter being very plentiful. Twenty-five species of birds were noted at Glaslough—these included the Great-crested Grebe, which nests on the lake. Seven species of Woodlice were observed, one, Armadiliidium nasatum, proving new to Co. Monaghan, but this is believed to be an exotic species. Only one species of False Scorpion, Cheriditum museorum, was taken, but it likewise is an addition to the fauna of the County. The Myriapod collection contained the following—Zzthobius forficatus, L. crassipes, Geophilus truncorum, Stigmatogaster subterraneus, Polydesmus complanatus, Attractasoma polydesmoides, Blaniulus fuscus, Lulus luscus, LI. stlvarum, I. fallax, and J. albipes—eight of these being new records for Co. Monaghan. The Spiders included one species, Macrargus abnormis, which had previously been only once obtained in Ulster. The following seven species of Myce- tozoa were obtained, all of them being new to Co. Monaghan— Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa Macbr., Physarum nutans Pers., Puligo septica Gmelin, Comatricha typhoides Rost., Trichia decipiens Macbr., Avcyria incarnata Pers., and A. denudata Sheldon. Miss Lister has kindly confirmed the naming of these specimens. NZ “/\~ Winter Session. Note. —TZhe authors of the various Papers of which abstracts are given, are alone responsible for the views expressed in then. CONVERSAZIONE. The Winter session opened with a Conversazione, held in the Carlton Hall on 29th October, at which 136 members and friends were present. Tea was served from 7-30 till 8-30 o’clock. The following exhibits were contributed by. members :—GEOLOGY —Specimens collected by the late Miss M. K. Andrews in Auvergne in July, 1914, including lava, granite, arkose, eurite, dolerite, basalt, and rose-quartz, Miss E. L. Andrews; minerals from the basalt of Antrim and Down, crystals of natrolite, chabazite, stilbite, analcite, levynite, gyrolite, apophyllite, and plant remains with chabazite, Mr. Robert Bell; Cancer patagonicus, amber containing insects, portions of antlers of Cervus elaphus from Moira, Azppurites radiates from Chalk (Senonian), Medi- terranean basin, Geotewthes showing fossil ink-sack, specimen of Car- boniferous limestone from Castle Espie containing . IN That the Committee may be empowered to exchange publications and reports, and to extend the privilege of attending the Meetings and Excursions of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club to Members of kindred societies, on similar privileges being accorded to its Members by such other societies. 242 {Proc. B.N.FC., RULES FOR THE CONDUCTING OF EXCURSIONS. I. The excursion to be open to all Members, each one to have the privilege of introducing two friends. II. A Chairman to be elected as at ordinary meetings. III. One of the Secretaries to act as Conductor, or, in the absence of both, a Member to be elected for that purpose. IV. No change to be made in the programme, or extra expense incurred, except by the consent of the majority of the Members present. V. No fees, gratuities, or other expenses to be paid except through the Conductor. VI. Every Member or Visitor to have the accommodation assigned by the Conductor. Where accommodation is limited, consideration will be given to priority of application. VII. Accommodation cannot be promised unless tickets are obtained before the time mentioned in the special circular. VIII. Those who attend an excursion without previous notice will be hable to extra charge, if extra cost is incurred thereby. IX. No intoxicating liquors to be provided at the expense of the Olub. 1915-16.} 2 Exchanges of Proceedings, 1915-106. a Aberdeen—Working Men’s Natural History and Scientific Society. Transactions, Vol. III., Nos. 3 and 4. Belfast—Natural History and Philosophical Society. Report and Proceedings for 1914-15. - Presbyterian Historical Society of Ireland. Biographies of Irish Presbyterians. Education in Ulster. Brighton and Hove—Natural History and Philosophical Society. Abstract and Annual Report, 1914-15. Cardiff—Naturalists’ Society. Transactions, Vol. XLVI. (1913), and Vol. XLVITI. (1914). Dublin—Royal Irish Academy. Proceedings, Vol. XX XI., Parts 1, 39 ii, 67 and 68. i » XSXXII., Sec. B., Nos. 5, 6, 7 and 8. x » XXXII, Sec. C., Nos. 17, 18, 19, 20. Abstract of Minutes, 1914-15. ‘ Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Journal, Vol. XLV., Parts 1, 2 and 3. Dumfriesshire and Galloway—Nat. Hist. and Antiquarian Society. Transactions, Series IIJ., Vol. III. Eastbourne—Natural History, Philosophic and Literary Society. Transactions and Journal, Vol. VI., Nos. 10 and 11. Edinburgh—Geological Society. Transactions, Vol. X., Parts 2 and 3. Hertfordshire—Natural History Society and Field Club. Transactions, Vol. X V., Part 4; Vol. X VI., Parts 1 and 2. Leeds— Philosophical and Literary Society. Annual Reports, 1913-14 and 1914-15. Leyden—Rijks Ethnographisch Museum. Report, 1913-14. Liverpool— Geological Society. Proceedings, Vol. XII., Part 2. London—British Association. Report of Australian Meeting, 1914. Report of Corresponding Societies, 1914. 9 3 3 1915. nie hh 244 [Proc. B.N.F.C., London—British Museum (Natural History). Instructions to Collectors, No. 12, Worms. Guide to Fossil Remains of Man. Revision of Ichneumonidae, Part 4. Bs Geologists’ Association. Proceedings, Vol. XX VI., Parts 2, 3, 4 and 5; and Index. Louth—Archeological Journal of County— Vol. III., No. 4. Manchester—Field Naturalists’ and Archzeologists’ Society. Report and Proceedings, 1914. = Microscopical Society. ‘Annual Report and Transactions, 1913. 1914. 9 North Staffordshire Field Club. Annual Report and Transactions, Vol. XLIX., 1914-15. Nova Scotia—lInstitute of Science. Proceedings and Transactions, Vol. XIII., Parts 3 and 4: . ” rf Vol. XIV., Part 1. Norwich— Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. Proceedings, Vol. I1., Part 1. Report of Excavations at Grime’s Graves. Oxfordshire—Ashmolean Natural History Society of— Report and Proceedings for 1914. Perthshire—Society of Natural Science. Proceedings, Vol. VI., Part 2. Stavanger— Museum. Aarshefte fur 1915. Toronto—Canadian Institute. Transactions, Vol. X., Part 2. General Index to Publications, 1852-1912. Torquay—Natural History Society. Journal, Vol. II., No. 1. U.S.A.—Californian Academy of Science. Proceedings, Vol. IV., Nos. 4 and 5. - Vol. V., Nos. 1 and 2. 7 Series IV., Vol. IV., pp. 15-112; 113-128; 129: 152; 153-160. Title Pages, &c., to Series ITI., Vols. I., I]. and IV. - Series IV., Vols. I. and III. = Chapel Hill, N.C.—Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Journal, Vol. XXX., No. 4. » Wol. XXXI., Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. 1915-16.] 245 U.S. A.—Chicago—Field Museum of Natural History. Annual Report, Vol. IV., No. 5. Cincinnati—Lloyd’s Library. Bibliological Contributions, Nos. 17 and 19. Missouri— Botanical Garden. Bulletin, Vol. III., Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12. erin Volt hV.. No: 1, Philadelphia—Academy of Science of-— Proceedings, Vol. LX VLI., Part 3. Portland—Society of Natural History. Proceedings, Vol. III., Part 1. Washington—Government Printing Offices. Smithsonian Reports, Nos. 2288 to 2290; 2294 to 2299. Museum Report, June, 1914. ” Wisconsin—Natural History Society. Bulletin, Vol. XIII., Nos. 1, 2 and 3. 246 {Proc. B.N.F.C., List of Members. Any change in the Address of Members should be at once notified 1877. 1904, 1902. O 1894. 1903. 1893. 1912. 1915. 1892. 1904. 1866. 1911. 1882. 1892, 1912. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1907. 1901. 1915. 1905, to the Secretaries by Post Card. The dates prefixed to Members’ names signify date of Election. O stands for an Original Member who signed the requisition for the formation of the Club in 1863. —__—_——_e—<>—_o____ Hon. MemBers. Lapworth, Professor Charles, LL.D., F.R.S., The University, Birmingham. Plunkett, Thomas, M.R.I.A., Enniskillen. Scharff, Robert F., Ph.D., F.L.S., M.R.1.A., National Museum, Kildare Street, Dublin. Corresponding ANember. Holden, J. S8., M.D., Sudbury, Suffolk. Life Members. Ewart, Sir W. Q., Bart., Glenmachan, Strandtown. Stelfox, A. W., A.R.I.B.A., M.R.I.A., Ballymagee, Bangor. Wilson, Alec G., J.P., M.R.I.A., Belvoir Park. Ordinary MemBers. Adams, Miss M. I., B.Se., Margaret Street, Newry. Aird, Hugh, Fitzwilliam Avenue. Allibon, George H., 19 Short Strand. Allingham, Robert, Glencar, Banbridge. Anderson, Sir Robert, Bart., J.P., Donegall Place. ‘Anderson, Miss Sarah, 4 Church View, Holywood. Andrew, J. J., L.D.S., University Square. Andrews, Miss E., 12 College Gardens. Andrews, Miss E. L., Inla, Comber. Andrews, Miss M. A., 50 Eglantine Avenue. Andrews, Dr. Marion B., 17 University Square. Andrews, Michael C., 17 University Square. Baillie, W. T., Marathon, Green Road, Knock. Barrett, J. H., Farnham Road, Bangor. Beattie, John Carson, Deaf and Dumb Institution, Lisburn Road. Beck, Miss, 1 Derryvolgie Avenue. 1915-16.] 1913. 1896. 1893. 1909. 1908. 1895. 1884. 1914. 1898. 1911. 1904. 1914. 1904. 1893. 1913. 1894. 1916. 1904. 1883. 1863. 1883. 1874. 1903. 1876. 1899. 1903. 1909. 1904. 1892. 1892. 1914. 1907. 1914. 1901. 1904. 1907. 1894. 1894. 1890. 1893. 1904, 1914. 1892. 1906. 1907. 1913. 1884. 247 Bell, D. M., 22 Cyprus Avenue. Bell, E. George, Solitude, Lurgan. Bell, Robert, 64 Newington Avenue. Bennett, Edward, Forth River Mill. Bennett, S. A., B.A., B.Se., Campbell College. Berry, Lt-Col. R. G., M.R.I.A., The Castle, Richhill. Bigger, Francis J., M.R.I.A., Ardrie, Antrim Road. Bird, Miss, 50 Redcliffe Gardens, South Kensington, London. Blackwood, Miss S., 6 College Green. Blackwood, Miss M. A., 6 College Green. Blair, Mrs. Edward 8., Rusheen, Glenburn Park. Blair, Miss, B.Sc., Victoria College. Boyce, Joseph, 16 Wolseley Street. Boyd, Miss, The Elm Trees, St. Edward’s Road, Southsea. Boyd, Miss A., Carntual, Carnmoney. Boyd, W. C., J.P., Hazelbank Villa, Ravenscroft Avenue. Bradley, Miss L. I., Haypark House, Knock. Braithwaite, W. T., 14 Botanic Avenue. Brandon, Hugh B., J.P., 2 Wellington Place. Brett, Sir Charles H., Gretton Villa South. Brown, Thomas, J.P., 102 Donegall Street. Browne, W. J., M.A., M.R.1I.A., Glen Alta, Londonderry. Bruce, Mrs., Thornley, Holywood. Bulla, Charles, 272 Lisburn Road. Burrowes, W. B., Ballynafeigh House. Campbell, D. C., J.P., M.B.O.U., Templemore Park, Londonderry. Campbell, John, Albert Brickworks, Carrickfergus. Carmody, Rev. W. P., Newtownbreda. Carrothers, Nathaniel, 145 Stranmillis Road. Carson, J. C., 8 Wellington Place. Carter, C. S., 28 Waring Street. Chambers, W., 3 Custom House Square. Charlesworth, John K., M.Sc., Ph. D., F.G.S., Queen’s University. Cheyne, H. H., Roseneath, Bangor. Clarke, Mrs. John, 2 College Gardens. Clarke, Thomas, jun., Percy Street Flour Mills. Cleland, Alex. M‘I., Macedon, Green Road, Knock. Cleland, Mrs. Annie, Macedon, Green Road, Knock. Cleland, James A., Bernagh West, Malone Park. Cleland, W. W., Osborne House, Osborne Park. Cocking, Miss C. E., 19 Glebe Road, Huddersfield. Corrigan, Chas., 133 Royal Avenue. Costigan, Wm. (the late), 4 Gt. Great Victoria Street. Cowie, James, Midland Railway Co. Craig, Robert, 182 Malone Avenue. Cunningham, Miss M. E., Glencairn, Belfast. Cunningham, Samuel, Fernhill, D Curley, Francis, J.P., High Street. Curley, Mrs., Dunedin Terrace. Dawson, R. A., A.R.C.A., Inniskeen, Holywood. Deane, Arthur, Municipal Museum, Royal Avenue. Denby, Miss Alice M., Evetide, Westland Gardens. D’Evelyn, Alex. M., M.D., Ballymena. Dick, Miss M. E., M.A., Wynstay, Rosetta Park. Dickson, John M., 28 Wellington Park. Donaldson, George, 1 Prospect Street. Doran, John, J.P., Dunottar, Malone Road. Drummond, Miss Ina, 39 Atlantic Avenue. Duftin, Miss Kathleen M., B.Sc., Rokeby, Deramore Park. Duncan, William, The Cottage, Knutsford Drive. Dunlop, T. W., Scarva. Dwerryhouse, Capt. A. R., D.Sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A., Queen’s University. Elliott, David, B.A., J.P., Ardroe, Bloomfield. Elliott, George H., Ryndhu, Holywood. Entrican, Miss Sarah, B.A., 33 Botanic Avenue. Erskine, Mrs., Claremont, Holywood. Faren, W., 11 Mountcharles. Fennell, Mrs., Deramore Drive. Fennell, W. J., F.R.1.B.A., 2 Wellington Place. Ferguson, Mrs., St. Helen’s, Holland Park, Knock. Ferguson, Samuel, St. Helen’s, Holland Park, Knock. Finlay, Miss, St. Hilda’s East, Old Nichol Street, Bethnal Green, London. Finlay, Arch. H., Willesden, Holywood. Forth, Capt. Francis C., F.R.C.Sce.I., Technical Institute. Foster, Nevin H., F.L.S., M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U., Hillsborough. Foster, Mrs. N. H., Hillsborough. Foster, Miss, Hillsborough. Foster, Miss, Richmond Villas, Balmoral. Frackelton, Miss H. M., 102 Upper Newtownards Road. Frame, John, Alfred Street. Fulton, David, Arlington, Windsor Avenue. Gaffikin, William, J.P., Notting Hill. Galloway, Peter, Barncluith, Dundela Avenue, Strandtown. Galloway, Joseph, 50 Eglantine A venue. Gamble, Miss, Lorne, Craigavad, 248 [Proc. B.N.F.C., 1915-16.] 249 1916. Gibb, Miss C., 7 Claremont Street. 1893. Gibson, Andrew, Lansdowne Road. 1905. Glover, James, Seaview, Kirkcubbin. 1885. Godwin, William, Queen Street. 1912. Grainger, Miss, Ballykeel House, Holywood. 1863. Gray, William, Glenburn Park, Cavehill Road. 1892. Green, Mrs. Isaac, Hawthornden, Knock. 1895. Green, Wm. A., 4 Salisbury Terrace, Chichester Park. 1905. Greenfield, Miss M., Beach Cottage, Waterloo, Larne. 1901. Greeves, J. Theodore, Nendrum, Knockdene Park. 1901. Greeves, W. Leopold, Ormeau Avenue. 1901. Greeves, Fergus M., Rydal Mount, Knock. 1901. Gullan, H. F., City Hall. 1908. Hadden, Mrs., Magharee, Portadown. 1907. Hadden, Dr. Robert E., Ardralla, Portadown. 1883. Hamilton, Rev. T., D.D., LL.D., Vice-Chancellor, Queen’s University. 1908. Hamilton, Miss, 5 Church Avenue, Holywood. 1877. Hamilton, John, 5 Church Avenue, Holywood. 1915. Hawthorne, Rev. Samuel, B.A., Helen’s Bay. 1908. Henry, F. W., Ye Olde Castle, Castle Place. 1915. Herdman, Miss E. W., Fountainville, University Road. 1876. Heron, F. A., Cultra, Holywood. 1905. Hobson, Mrs., Marino. 1895. Hogg, A. R., 13 Trinity Street. 1908. Hogg, D. J., 16 Kansas Avenue. 1903. Holland, Miss; 33 Wellington Park. 1904. Holland, Frank, 76 Eglantine Avenue. 1906. Hopkirk, F. G., Midland Railway Co. 1911. Houston, Miss, Lisheen, Sans Souci Park. 1914. Houston, James Dick, Northern Bank, Lurgan. 1891. Jackson, A. T., 8 Derryvolgie Avenne. 1892. Jaffé, Lady, Kinedar, Strandtown. 1909. Jenkins, W. A.. 6 Elmwood Terrace. 1914. Jenkinson, Hy., 29 Rosemary Street. 1901. Johnson, Rev. W. F., M.A., F.E.S., M.R.I.A., Acton Glebe, ; Poyntzpass. 1906. Johnston, F. W., The Cottage, Cultra. 1899. Killen, William, 22 Waring Street. 1886. Kirkpatrick, F., 27 Oxford Street. 1915. Kirkpatrick, W. H., 29 Rugby Road. 1868. Knowles, W. J., M.R.I.A., Flixton Place 8., Ballymena. 1877. Kyle, R. A., 15 Wellington Park. 1901. 1915. 1912. 1877. 1899. 1915. 1893. 1908. 1910. 1915. 1905. 1877. 1903. 1913. 1864. 1914. 1915. 1915. 1904. 1905. 1912. 1901. 1876. 1905. 1899. 1899. 1901. 1901. 1913. 1914. 1880. 1891. 1897. 1916. 1892. 1908. 1903. 1905. 1893. 1903. 1903. 1915. 1906. 1907. 1901. 1912. 250 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Larmor, H. G., J.P., Lisburn. Lawrie, Thomas, East Bridge Street. Ledgerwood, N. J., J.P., 10 Wellington Park. Lett, Rev. Canon H. W., M.A., M.R.I.A., Aghaderg Glebe, Loughbrickland. Lindsay, Professor, M.D., 3 Queen’s Elms. Lindsay, Mrs., Roywood, Balmoral. Lowry, D. E., 25 Donegall Place. Lowry, James, Llewellyn Avenue, Lisburn. Lowry, Miss L., Hazelwood, Bloomfield. MacCarthy, Mrs., Freshford, Knock, MacCleary, A., Kensington Hotel, College Square East. Macllwaine, Mrs. (the late), Encliffe, Bangor. MaclIlwaine, Dr. J. E., 26 College Gardens. MaclIlwaine, Robert, Court House, Downpatrick. MacKenzie, John, C.E., 2 Wellington Place. MacLaine, Lachlan, Rathaline, Annadale Avenue. Maconachie, Rev. D. H., B.A., B.D., The Manse, Holywood. Maconaghie, Mrs., The Manse, Holywood. Macoun, John R., Northlands, Deramore Park. Macoun, Mrs., Clanrolla, Windsor Park. Macoun, Stephenson, Clanrolla, Windsor Park. MacRea, Kenneth, Balmoral. Major, Rev. J. J., Doagh. Malcolm, Miss Susan, Downshire Road, Holywood. Malcomson, Walter, Cran-y-gael, Osborne Gardens. Malcomson. J. G. B., Cairnburn, Strandtown. Malcomson, Herbert T., 32 Arthur Street. Malcomson, Joseph, 32 Arthur Street. Manning, J. B., Windsor Avenue, Bangor. Manning, J. W., Sheve Donard Hotel, Newcastle. Marsh, Mrs., Glenlyon, Holywood. Marshall, H. C., Bryansburn Road, Bangor. Masaroon, Mrs., 39 Charles Street, Berkhamsted, Herts. Masterson, Miss, 60 Belgravia. Maxton, James, Ulster Street. Maxwell, Henry, Dunalbine, Deramore Park. Maxwell, Joseph, J.P., Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. Maxwell, Mrs., Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. May, Robert, 40 Hopefield Avenue. Maybin, Hugh, B.A., Intermediate School, Lisburn. Mayne, H. Horner, 24 Elmwood Avenue. Middleton, Chas. C., Globe Buildings, Donegall Square 8S. Millar, Thomas O., 306 Antrim Road. Milligan, Miss, Lisnamaul, Ormeau Road. Milne, J. N., Foylemore, St. Jude’s Avenue. Mitchell, Miss M. W. H., B.Se., Anahilt Manse, Hillsborough. 1915-16.] 1898. 1913. Viale 1893. 1907. 1903. 1909. 1909. 1892. 1899. 1909. 1913. 1884. 1908. 1879. 1903. 1912. 1905. 1913. 1904. 1891. 1906. 251 Montgomery, H. C., 40 Rosemary Street. Montgomery, Miss E. S., 26 College Green. Montgomery, Miss Jane E., 8 Sandhurst Road. Moore, 8. A., 5 Downshire Road, Bangor. Morris, A., M.P.S.I., 130 Ravenhill Road. Morrison, A., Cherrydene, Knock. Muir, Mrs., Craig Royston, Castle Park. Muir, A. H., Craig Royston, Castle Park. Munce, W. B., Rosemary Street. M‘Bretney, W. A. J., 31 Haypark Avenue. M‘Cance, James, 2 Easton Terrace. M‘Cance, Stoupe, 3 Markham Square, London, S.W. M‘Cleery, H., 20 Franklin Street. M‘Cleery, J. O., Ava House, Old Cavehill Road. M‘Connell, James, J.P., Stranmillis House. M‘Connell, Miss, Stranmillis House. M‘Cready, John, 4 Mountcollyer Crescent. M‘Crum, Mrs., Ballyvesey, Carnmoney. M‘Dowell, Miss, 7 Lower Crescent. M‘Kean, Edward John, B.A., B.L., Rosaville, Fortwilliam Park. M‘Kinney, W. F., Sentry Hill, Carnmoney. M‘Kinney, Miss, Sentry Hill, Carnmoney. M‘Millan, W., J.P., 30 Ashley Avenue. Orr, James, 17 Garfield Street. Patchell, Mrs., 45 Malone Avenue. Patchell, Miss, 45 Malone Avenue. Patterson, D. C., Glenard, Holywood. Patterson, Robert, F.L.S., M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U., Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, Mrs. Robert, Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, Miss Clara, Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, W. H., M.R.I.A., Garranard, Strandtown. Patterson, J. W., Rosavo, Cultra. Patterson, M. 8., Rosavo, Cultra. Phelan, Miss K., M.Sc., St. Mary’s Training College. Phillips, Wm. H., Lemonfield, Holywood. Pim, John, J.P., Bonaven, Antrim Road. Pim, Thos. W., 21 Victoria Street. Pim, Joshua, 6 Donegall Square South. Pim, W. R., Lisnagarvey, Lisburn. Pim, Mrs., J. N. R., Oglesgrove, Hillsborough. Pooler, Rev. Chas. K., B.D., M.R.1.A., Strangford. Porter, F. A., Queen’s Square. Porter, William, Beechview, Balmoral Avenue. 1888. 1883. 1901. 1904. 1907. 1907. 1903. 1907. 1907. 1914. 1913. 1903. 1907. 1914. 1908. 1909. 1913. 1911. 1899. 1918. 1907. 1903. 1911. 1905. 1890. 1868. 1893. 1893. 1910. 1911. 1904. 1881. 1894. 1909. 1866. 1879. 1893. 1871. 1901. 1875. 1915. 1879. 1904. 1909. 252 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Praeger, E. A., Cultra, Holywood. Praeger, R. Ll., B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A., National Library, Kildare Street, Dublin. Rankin, Will, Gordonall, Myrtlefield Park. Rankin, Mrs., Gordonall, Myrtlefield Park. Raymond, George, 66 Kansas Avenue. Rea, Miss M. W., Salem House, Sydenham. Rentoul, Miss, The Lodge, Fortwilliam Park. Rentoul, Dr., J.P., Lisburn. Riddel, Mrs., Donegall Park Avenue. Ridges, John, M.A., Prospect Hill School, Lisburn. Ritchie, Miss Frances, B.Sc., Queen’s University. Robb, H. M., 44 Ulsterville Avenue. Robertson, C. G., Mountview, Cregagh. Rule, Thomas, The Moate, Holywood. Rusk, John, M.D., Laurington, Antrim Road. Russell, Nelson, Lisburn. Ryan, Miss C., 171 University Street. Ryves, Miss, Richmond Lodge, Malone Road. Sandes, Robert, Chorlton, Adelaide Park. Savage, W. EH. J., Lincoln Avenue. Scott, Thos., J.P., Hannaville, Greenisland. Sefton, Burton, St. Aubyn’s, Deramore Drive. Shaw, G. W., Ulster Bank, York Street. Shiels, Rev. J., Saintfield. Skillen, Joseph, Claremount, Ballymena. Speers, Adam, J.P., B.Sc., Holywood. Stears, Samuel M., 6 Rosetta Avenue. Steele, Miss, Dooneen, Marlborough Park. Stelfox, Mrs. A. W., B.Sc., A.R.C.Se.I., Ballymagee, Bangor. Stendall, J. A. Sidney, Municipal Museum. Stephens, John Kyle, J.P., 18 Donegall Square North. Stevenson, John, Coolavin, Malone Road. Stewart, W. J., Ormeau Road. Stokes, W. J., Malone Park. Swanston, William, F.G.S., 4a Cliftonville Avenue. Swanston, Mrs. (the late), Cliftonville Avenue. Symington, Prof., M.D., F.R.S., Queen’s University. Todd, John, J.P., Clarinda, Fortwilliam Park. Tomlinson, W. J. C., 17 Glandore Gardens. Traill, W. A., M.A. Ing., Bushmills. Turkington, Miss Mabel, 19 University Avenue. Turtle, James G. (the late), Claremont, Strandtown. Turtle, William Haydock, 1 Holyrood, Malone Road. Turtle, Mrs. Herbert, Rosemount, Knock. 1915-16.] 1904. 1879. 1906. 1894. 1893. 1898. 1893. 1905. 1904. 1911. 1888. 1909. 1905. 1880. 1893. 1877. 1893. 1901. 1904. 1893. 253 Vaughan, Henry R. (the late), Lagan Vale Estate, Stranmillis Road. Waddell, Rev. C. H., M.A., B.D., M.R.I.A., The Rectory, Greyabbey. Wakeman, W. J., C.E., 117 Cavehill Road. Walsh, Robert, Ashestiel, Malone Road. Walker, W. J. D., C.B., The Sycamores, Drogheda. Walker, Miss, 44 Elmwood Avenue. Walkington, Miss, LL.D., Strandtown. Walkington, G. B., Gracecourt, Malone Park. Walkington, Mrs., Oatlands, Ballinderry. Ward, Miss K., Albertville, Sydenham. Wardell, Miss, 4 Fitzwilliam Avenue. Watson, John G., The Maples, King’s Road, Knock. Wear, Sylvanus, 19 Hopefield Avenue. Welch, Robert J., M.R.I.A., 49 Lonsdale Street. Wheeler, Mrs., Lennoxvale, Belfast. Whitla, Sir William, M.D., College Square North. Wilson, George, 9 Bedford Street. Wilson, Prof. Gregg, M.A., D.Se., M.R.1.A., Queen’s University. Wilson, Mrs., Deramore Park. Woollcombe, Robt. Lloyd, M.A., LL.D. (Dublin University), F.I. inst. HeR-C-lnst., Bek G2ss- ten. Bes:, BHos.S., MOR A. 14 Waterloo Road, Dublin. Workman, Rev. R., M.A., Crusheen, Cadogan Park. Workman, W. H., M.B.O.U., Lismore, Windsor Avenue. Wright, Joseph, F.G.S., 10 May Street. Yapp, Prof. R. H., M.A., Queen’s University. Young, Rt. Hon. Robert, J.P., C.E., Rathvarna, Chichester Park. 254 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Zuntor Members. 1915. Armstrong, Edward, Corlea, Somerton Road. 1911. Blackwood, C. V. R., Clanrye School, 8 Osborne Gardens. 1911. Browne, George B., 356 Ormeau Road. 1915. Cunningham, Josias, Fernhill, Belfast. 1913. Deane, John D., 49 Rugby Road. 1913. Deane, A. Lindsay, 49 Rugby Road. 1912. Dundee, Miss Bessie, Hillmount, Carnmoney. 1913. Elliott, Geo. Gilbert, Ryndhu, Holywood. 1914. Ferguson, Miss Olive, 133 Ormeau Road. 1912. Forth, Miss Dorothy, Ravenswood, Knockbreda Park. 1911. Foster, Miss A. B., Hillsborough. 1913. Gardner, Miss Nettie H., Hawthornden Road, Knock. 1915. Hall, Miss G., Upper Falls Rectory, Dunmurry. 1913. Humphreys, Miss Norah, Lyndford, Osborne Park. 1915. Hunter, Miss Katie, Waterford Terrace, Coleraine. 1915. Leathem, Miss M., 4 Gordon Terrace, Agincourt Avenue. 1916. Lees, Miss Susie L., Drumadoon, Castle Park. 1911. Maxwell, Miss Olive, Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. 1911. Maxwell, Miss Kathleen, Avonmore Lodge, Balmoral. 1915. Mayne, Miss B., 24 Elmwood Avenue. 1915. Milligan, Arthur G., The Grange, Annadale. 1915. Montgomery, Edward, 120 Eglantine Avenue. 1915. Montgomery, Miss Mollie, 8 Sandhurst Road. 1914. Murphy, Miss Mabel, Queen’s University. 1915. Mussen, Robert Walsh, Hillhall, Princetown Road, Bangor. 1912. M‘Clelland, Ernest W., 79 Kansas Avenue. 1914. M‘Kay, Miss E. W., Ardbana Terrace, Coleraine. 1912. M‘Meekin, Miss Audrey, Sunnyside, Carnmoney. 1915. Patterson, Miss May, Duncairn, Holywood. 1915. Smith, Miss I. D., Mount Royal, Banbridge. 1915. Stephenson, Miss Kathleen, College Park East. 1915. Twaddell, Miss Amy, Nashville, Malone Park. 1915. Young, Miss Elsie, Bridge Street, Banbridge. 1915-16. acs BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-FOURTH YEAR, 1916-17. GENERAL COMMITTEE. President : CAPT. ARTHUR R. DWERRYHOUSE, D.sc., F.G.8., M.R.LA. Vice-President : JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.P. Treasurer: NEVIN H. FOSTER, ¥.1.s., M.R.I.A., M.B.0.U., H1tnsporoucH, Co. Down. Librarian: SYLVANUS WEAR, 19, Hopreriztp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Secretaries: MISS M. W. REA, Satem Hous, SypENHAM, BELFas?T. J. K. CHARLESWORTH, .sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: S. A. BENNETT, B.4., B.sc., CAMPBELL COLLEGE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Geological Section: MISS E. L. ANDREWS, Inta, Comper. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: C. G. ROBERTSON, Mountview, CrecacH, BrELrast. Hon. Sec. Archzological Section: ROBERT MAY, 40, Horgrretp AvENUr, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL, THk Muskum, Cotirce Sq. N., Benrast. Ordinary Members of Committee: Retire 1917. Retire 1918. Retire 1919. Robert Bell. Miss 8. Blackwood. N. Carrothers. A. M‘T, Cleland. A. W. Stelfox, M.B.LA. {| BR. J. Welch, m.r.1a. | | W. J. C. Tomlinson. Prof. R. H. Yapp, M.A. R. Ll. Praeger, B.A., B.K., M.R.1.A. 256 Proc, B.N.F.C., 1915-16.] SECTIONAL COMMITTEES: 1916-17. BOTANICAL SECTION. REV. C. H. WADDELL, 8.D., M.R.1.4., Chairman. N. CARROTHERS. S. A. BENNETT, B.a., B.8c., W. A. J. M‘BRETNEY. | Hon. Sec. of the Section. S. WEAR. | Campbell College, PROE: 8. Hy VAPPS ara: Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. CAPT. A. R. DWERRYHOUSE, p.sc., ¥.G.S., M.R.LA., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. MISS E. L. ANDREWS, J. K. CHARLESWORTH, Hon. Sec. of the Section. M.SC., Ph.D., F.G.S. MISS M. W. REA. | Inla, W. J. C. TOMLINSON. Comber. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. A. W. STELFOX, m™.R.1.4., Chairman. NEVIN H. FOSTER, F...s., | C. G. ROBERTSON, eam pe caer GeO Hon. Sec. of the Section. FRANK HOLLAND. JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.P. Mountview, Cregagh, R. J. WELCH, m.z.1.4. Belfast. ARCHAZOLOGICAL SECTION. W. B. BURROWES, Chairman. MISS EK. ANDREWS. ROBERT MAY, W. C. BOYD, J.P. | Hon. Sec. of the Section. E. 3. M‘KEAN, B.A, B.L. | 40, Hopefield Avenue, JOSEPH SKILLEN. Belfast. JUNIOR SECTION. ARTHUR DEANE, Chairman. S. A. BENNETT, B.a., B.sc. J. A. S. STENDALL, MISS 8S. BLACKWOOD. _ | Hon. Sec. of the Section. EK. W. M‘CLELLAND. | The Museum, College Square N., MISS K. WARD. . Belfast. z ——_ ‘Igil, the folowing pauchons have been made Mere without Appendices, Series II., Vol. I. (1873-74 to 1879- 80) to 2/6 per wah os ate. »» IL. (1881-82 to 1886-87) to2/6 mee » ~ 5 IIT, (1887-88 to 1892-93) to 2/6, s ra ',, LV. (1893-94 to 1900-01) to2/6 ,, | desks Se V. (1901-02 to 1906-07) to 2/6, s, Vol. L, . In Leather Binding ‘to 6/- per ele i ... In Paper Binding Jet kn £0 S16 ” = o eB : bea a Appendices, which in covers are priced 6d and 1/-, may be halls in eee ‘t 1d and 2d per copy respectively. (This does not apply to nas: 4, and a pinp ol. i of which we have no surplus stock). or oe * en NorthBast Treland, ee Stewart and Corry, with dor ulemont 2/6 per se 9g al Ninth Annual Report—1871-72 Se : a coseetingss Series IT., Vol..1., Part Te 1873- 74, containing Aibeidix TIL, eee’ an i, Series II., Vol. IT., Part VI., 1885-86, containing Appendix. Roe The Fi - s ae _ * , The Vollewiie Publications a te Club can : from the Librarian, Get Eighth Annual Report—1870- 71, containing Appendix IT,, ‘List of tr 1assic ¥ i Foraminifera—Wright ; ‘and List of ae Fossils of the be magtian cee of Antrim and Down—Stewart Tenth do. 1872-73 f Mosses of North-East of Ireland— Stewart : and List of Cretaceous ie Micriais of North of Ireland—Wright, 2 Boe deel x Series IT., Vol. I., Part IT., 1874-75... . a ¥s ee III., 1875-76... 55 IV., 1876-77, containing ' apoatlig IV., Recent “ Foraminifera of Down and Antrim—Wright, 1 Plate; and Silurian See 3 of County Down—Swanston and Lapworth, 3 Plates _ . Wear) % Series IL, Vol. I., Parts V. and VL, 1877-78 and ’78- 79 Gn one) Ay i Me Part VII., 1879- 80 containing Appendix V., List of — Post- Tertiary Foraminifera of North-East of Ir eland— Wright ; and List of - Mollusca of Boulder-Clay of North-East of Ireland—Stewart “ = Series II., Vol. IT., Part I., 1880-81, containing Appendix Wis List of Foraminifera of South Donegal— Wright ; Sponge Remains from Carb. ar Limestone, County Sligo—Wright; and Fossil 1 Sponge: Spica County = foe) Sligo—Carter, 1 Plate ... . 1/6 5; Series II., Vol. Il., Part IL, 1881-82 ae ‘i III., 1882-83, containing Appendix. VIL, ‘Sup. Bes plemental List of Mosses of the North-East of Ireland— Stewart... - i Ve »»,.. Series IT., Vol. II., Part IV., 1883-84, containing Appendix VILL, Notes on Trish Coleoptera—-Halliday ; Cromlechs of Antrim and Down—Gray, Res 12 Plates; and Pre-historic Monuments near Sligo—Eleock, 4 Plates Ole aa % Series IL., Vol. IL, Part V., 1884-85, containing Appendix [X., Ostracoda of Belfast Lough—Malcomson : Fungi of North of Treland—Lett ; Fora, minifera of ‘‘ Protector” Cruise, &c.—Wright; Cretaceous Foraminifera - of Keady Hill—Wright ; Irish Coleoptera—Patterson ee . 3]- Ferns of Ulster—Phillips and Praeger bak Dl nes a Series IT. Vol. I1., Part VII.. 1886-87, containing Appendix 6. Notes on the Sections exposed at the Alexandra Dock,. Belfast, with ‘List of Fossils, 1 Plate—Praeger tale % Series II., Vol. IIL, Part- coe 1887- 88, containing Appendix XIL, ae Marine Shells of the North of Ireland— —Praeger ... : 7 | a - Series II., Vol. IIT; Part If.—1888-89 sate ae oa ‘ TE.—1889-90, containing Report of Larne Graveid Committee, 2 Plates 2 2/ *s ee II., Vol. TIL, Part EN 1890-91. 54s NA - V., 1891-92 7 VI. 1892-93 35 ~ Index ; = Series ITI., Vol. IV., Part bE; “1893- 94, containing Appendix Xin: ‘3 > 3 Ik, 189 4-95, = x DVS oe, » x 35 ITI., 1895-96, e BF RV 19 a ef : IV., 1896-97, tie AE aby See 99 33 yah Vi; 1897- 98, ise 4 Some * Le 1898-99, A ms VI, 1899- 1900, 1900-01 (in one) 4 FM Vol. V., Parts I. and II., 1901- 02, 1902-03 (in one) , i, x’ Pitt EEE P 1005-045 0s 7: a a IV., 1904-05, 1 pk a V., 1905- 06, with Appendices XVIand XVII. 2/- mn VI., 1906-07, with Index ill 55 a BVO LEV Tei T., 1907-98, ec a e << 7, Pi , _ IL, 1908-09, Be 3 * ee og Dry ,, . LIT., 1909- 10, » 1/6— 33 ‘i > 5, LY., 1910-11, with Appendices. andII. Vol. lil, ie : ” ” math) ry Ws 191 11- 12, b : y A VL, 1912-13 , with TitlePageand IndextoVol. VI. “a me, Voli Vil. 57,; T., 1913- 14, with BepOlr eo of 50th Annes 9 we han » _Il., 1914- 15, : ” ” y by EES eis 16, NNUAL REPORT _AND ... * “s Ne ~~ “=: Y $ a, y"5 ~ PROCEEDINGS. PART IV. vO oN Fi = |) 1916-17. rz us = For Contents See Overleaf. & PRINTED FOR MEMBERS ONLY. Pe | CONTENTS. “List of Officers, 1916-17. Sgt gee ea Annual Reports .. 0. be Novae Sige. pe : _ Report of British Association Delégate ii 5 is . we a eo of Accounts... is - ARS < ae Broadstone ; Pot of Leeeirhony ; ; Ceisaibey: 3; Gobbins; “Anns > “ Conversazione is bitte a+ es a ie ce a Papers — “The Roman Engineer : 50 B. ©. —200 A.D. ae M‘t. Cleland = : , _ “The Childhood of Art”—A. Deane ee 2 a ** The Mourne Mountains’ "—N, Ae cee FL. 8. M.R.I, A. F. J. Bigger, M.R.1L.A. i % The Applications of Govleey: to the Development of. Mineral ; - Resources”—W. B. Wright, B. A., E.G.S. Reaghunl Meeting .. Ee Se NY ee i nae ii a a a rs ey. pes S: - Exchanges of Proceedings Avg Se Saat anette eat oe List of Members... _... bes owt ek. ie i ; List of Officers, 1917-18... P Naar eee Bes. : : : Py) Us 5 L Hist F 1 ik ae t oe ee —_ s - is a" es rete a , j - al ~~ f p -* “7 [A 1 ie / Pd » ? a 7 s ae 7 7 a Ce eas ee PuaTe VIII.| “AUNVUAT) LIN OV -asesjpeg ‘ poreg- ‘OLOH ANNUAL REPORT AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB, FOR THE YEAR ENDING 3ist MARCH, 1917, (FIFTY=-FOURTH YEAR). ZAAISH I Som i més E SERIES Il. PART IV. VOLUME VII. 1916-17. Qeffast : PRINTED AT ‘* THE NORTHERN WHIG” OFFICE, VICTORIA STREET. 1917. BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-FOURTH YEAR, 1916-17. GENERAL COMMITTEE. President: MAJOR ARTHUR R. DWERRYHOUSH, D.sc., F.G.S., M.B.I.A. Vice-President: JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.p. Treasurer: NEVIN H. FOSTER, F.1.8., M.R.1.A., M.B.0.U., HILLSBOROUGH, Co. Down. Librarian : SYLVANUS WEAR, 19, HopreriELp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Secretaries: MISS M. W. REA, Satem Housz, SYDENHAM, BELFAST, J. K. CHARLESWORTH, m:sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: S. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.sc., CAMPBELL COLLEGE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Geological Section: MISS E. L. ANDREWS, Inia, Comber. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: C. G. ROBERTSON, Mountview, CrecacH, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Archeological Section: ROBERT MAY, 40, Hoperirtp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL, THE Mouskvm, Cotztzce Sa. N., BeLrast. Ordinary Members of Committee: Retire 1917. Retire 1918. Retire 1919. Robert Bell. Miss 8. Blackwood. N. Carrothers. A. W. Stelfox, m.R.1.A. R. J. Welch, M.R.1.A. A. M‘I. Cleland. W. J. C. Tomlinson. Prof. R. H. Yapp, M.A. K. Ll. Praeger, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A. SECTIONAL COMMITTEES: 1916-17. BOTANICAL SECTION. REV. C. H. WADDELL, B.D., M.R.1.A., Chairman. N. CARROTHERS. Ss. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.Sc., W. A. J. M‘BRETNEY. Hon. Scc. of the Section, S. WEAR. Campbell College, PROF. R. H. YAPP, m.a. Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. MAJOR A. R. DWERRYHOUSE, pD.sc., F.G.S., M.R.I.A., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. MISS E. L. ANDREWS, J. K. CHARLESWORTH, Hon. Sec. of the Section, M.S¢c., Ph.D., ¥.G.S. ? Inla, MISS M. W. REA. Gorahian: W. J. OC. TOMLINSON. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. A. W. STELFOX, m.p.1.4., Chairman. NEVIN H. FOSTER, F..Ls., Cc. G. ROBERTSON, er a ee Hon. Sec. of the Section, FRANK HOLLAND. Mountview, Cregagh, JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.P. Belfast. R. J. WELCH, M.R.1.4. ARCH AZOLOGICAL SECTION. W. B. BURROWKES, Chairman. MISS E. ANDREWS. ROBERT MAY, W. C. BOYD, se. Hon. Sec. of the Section, KE. J. M‘KEAN, B.A., B.L. 40, Hopefield Avenue, JOSEPH SKILLEN. Belfast. JUNIOR SECTION. ARTHUR DEANE, Chairman. S. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.Sc. J. A. 8S. STENDALL, MISS 8. BLACKWOOD. Hon. Sec. of the Section, FE, W. M‘CLELLAND. The Museum, College Square N., MISS K. WARD. Belfast. a Oi Bt et eee oe Mh Annual Report. At the close of our Fifty-fourth year the Committee are pleased to state that there is again an increase in membership, During the year 5 members have died, one of these, the Right Honourable Robert Young, was an original member of the Club ; and another, William Gray, who joined the Club in its first year, was up till the last few years one of its most active and energetic members. 22 ordinary, 8 associate and 20 junior members have been enrolled during the year, 10 names have been removed from the list for non-payment of subscription, and at the end of the year the membership stands as follows:—Honorary 3, Corresponding 1, Life 3, Ordinary 286, Associate 31, and Junior 30; but of these g have intimated that they will not continue their membership. Eight meetings of Committee were held during the year, at which the attendances of members were as follows :— A. M‘I. Cleland ... Miss E. L. Andrews 8 5 J. Maxwell 8 Miss S. Blackwood 5 Miss M. W. Rea 7 S. Wear 5 N. Carrothers 7 R. Bell A J. K. Charlesworth 7 A. W. Stelfox 4 N. H. Foster . on 7.) ke Welch I en Bennett ... .0-\1. Erof. Yapp I R. May = 6 | A. R. Dwerryhouse fe) C. G. Robertson ;. R. LL Praeger bey iQ J. A. S. Stendall | ow. ).G. Lomlinsom ... 6 262 [Proc. B.N.F.C., The excursion programme was fully carried out, the following being the places visited during the Summer Session :— Castle Upton (Half-Day) a ae 2oth May. Torrent River Valley, Coalisland nis 3rd June. Ardglass (Half-Day) #8 a as 17th June. Broadstone ae er si oe ist July. Pot of Legawherry ve = awe 15th July. Greyabbey (Half-Day) ... ae es 2gth July. Gobbins (Half-Day) Bi slg bar 1oth Aug. Antrim (Half-Day) ire os 5 2nd Sept. At these excursions the average attendance of members and friends was 61—a gratifying increase—last year’s average having been 37. The Winter Session opened with a Conversazione held in the Carlton Hall on 24th October, at which about 250 members and friends were present. During the Session the following Papers (of which abstracts will be found in the Proceedings) were read :— 1916. : 21st November—‘‘ The Roman Engineer: 50 B.c.—200 A.D.,” Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland. 19th December—‘‘ The Childhood of Art,” Mr. Arthur Deane. 1917 Fae (a hs Mourne Mountains,” Mr. N. H. Foster, F.L.S.,M.R.LA. 20th February—‘‘ The Churches of Raholp and Ardtole in the Lecale of Down,” Mr. F. J. Bigger, M.R.L.A. 20th March—‘‘ The Applications of Geology to the Development of Mineral Resources,” Mr. W. B. Wright, B.A., F.G.S., Delegate from the Irish Field Club Union. A sub-committee was appointed to consider the advisability of publishing a supplement to the ‘Flora of the North-East,” incorporating the recent researches, by members, among our local plants. This sub-committee recommended that a short abstract should be published as an Appendix to the Club’s Proceedings in 1916-17. ] 263 - the near future, and that in five years a new book should be issued on the lines of Praeger’s “‘ Flora of the West of Ireland.” In order to carry out the latter part of this scheme it would be necessary to have at least £100 in hand, and it was suggested that a sum of £20 should be annually laid aside for this purpose. The recommendation of the sub-committee was unanimously agreed to by the Committee, and a War Savings Certificate for 462 has been purchased as a nucleus of the fund. The Committee have organised a new Section for Associate Members, and you will be asked to elect a Secretary for it. Dr. Charlesworth represented the Club at the British Association Committee of Corresponding Societies and will present his report. The Treasurer will lay before you his Statement of Accounts, which shows a balance in hand of £49 17s 7d. This balance includes 26 subscriptions for 1917-18 paid in advance. The Reports of the Librarian and of the various Sections of the Club and that of the Prizes Sub-Committee will be presented. In conclusion, your Committee desire to return their thanks to Dr. John Campbell and Mrs. Campbell, Mr. F. J. Bigger, The Marquis of Londonderry, Major-General Montgomery, Mr. Bolas, Mrs. Murray, Rev. M. H. F. Collis, and Lord Massereene for hospitality and permission to visit their demesnes on several of the Summer Excursions; to the Press for publishing reports of the Excursions and Meetings; to the Superintendents of the Railway Companies for travelling facilities ; and to the Kindred Societies and Public Bodies who have favoured us with their Publications. (Signed) M. W. Rea, \ Hon. Secs. J. K. CHARLESWORTH, 264 [Proc. B.N.F.O., Librarian’s Report. One or two new Exchanges of Proceedings have been arranged. A complete set of Series II. of our Proceedings has been purchased by the University of Glasgow. Scully’s “Flora of Co. Kerry” has been purchased for our library. The other work has been carried on as usual. (Signed) SyLVANUS WEAR, Librarian. Report of the Botanical Section. There were no special meetings of this Section held during the Winter. The following interesting finds have been recorded :— Rev.. W. R. Megaw reported Andromeda FPolifolia in Shaverogue’s Bog, near Kellswater Station. The plant is in considerable quantity in this station, and the find makes a very welcome addition to our Co. Antrim flora. In its only remaining Co. Down station it was seen by myself on 8th July, 1916. The following extensions of ranges which have recently come to hand through Mr. C. J. Lilley are worthy of note:—Carum verticillatum from the Roe Valley and Lastrea Thelypteris from Magilligan. As regards Casuals Mr. C. J. Lilley sent in a list of 19 plants from Ballyrudder, near Larne. These plants were first recorded in 1903, 1904 and 1905, and the following still survive in this station :—JZedicago sativa, Cichorium Intybus, Anthemts Cotula, Convolvulus arvensts. To his list published in the last Botanical Report Mr. N. Carrothers adds the following plants from the Ballymacarrett Station: —Diplotaxis bracteata, Anthemis Cotula, Anthemts arvensis, Echium vulgare, Carduus acanthoides, Xanthium strumartum, Hordeum nodosum, Silaus pratensis. 1916-17.) 265 The Floral Committee entrusted with the new Supplement to the Flora of the North-East of Ireland is continuing its work, and hopes to publish results in due course. (Signed) S. A. BENNETT, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Geological Section. The Committee regret to report that there have been no excursions during the year. The one meeting of the Winter Session was held on 13th April, when a most interesting paper on “The Element of Time in Relation to Geology” was read by Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland. This paper was illustrated by excellent lantern slides. (Signed) E. L. ANDREWS, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Zoological Section. Several members of this Section have continued their re- searches during the past season, but there is little of interest to report other than that a specimen of the Waxwing, Amfelis garrulus, was obtained at Hillsborough in the month of February, 1917. This beautiful bird is a rare visitor from the Sub-Arctic regions, and doubtless the specimen obtained had been driven southwards by the exceptional severity of the past winter. It has been previously recorded at various stations in Ireland, but only at somewhat rare intervals. One of our members, Mr. J. A. S. Stendall, has at present in the press a Report for the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society on his work in connexion with the Arachnide. When published this report will include several species new to Ulster and at least one new to Ireland. (Signed) C. G. Ropertson, Hon. Sec. of the Section. 266 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Report of the Archzological Section. Three excursions were held during the Summer—the first to Dundrum Castle and its historic vicinity ; the second to Wolfhill Souterrain returning by the Ballygomartin Road and the party were entertained to tea at Fernhill by Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Cunningham, who, after tea, kindly conducted the party through their beautiful gardens, after which, on the motion of Mr. W. B. Burrowes, seconded by Mr. F. A. Heron, a cordial vote of thanks was conveyed to Mr. and Mrs. Cunningham for their kind hospitality ; the third excursion was to Donegore, where the party ascended the moat and Mr. F, J. Bigger gave a lucid and historical account of the district, including the Church and Churchyard,.where lie the remains of Sir Samuel and Lady Ferguson, after which a visit was made to the Souterrain. The following five papers were given during the Winter Session :—‘“‘Irish Rush and Straw Crosses,” Miss Elizabeth Andrews, illustrated by a fine exhibit of the various forms of Crosses; ‘‘ Banshees,” Mr. E. J. M‘Kean, B.A., B.L.; “‘Canterbury Cathedral,” Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland, illustrated by excellent lantern slides, kindly thrown on the screen by Mr. Sylvanus Wear ; “ Old Local Mausoleums, and The Sacred Figure in Irish Art,” Mr. F. J. Bigger, M.R.I.A., illustrated by drawings specially executed by Mr. W. R. Wilson, a student of the Technical Institute; ‘‘ Early Shakesperian Representations at the Old Belfast Theatres,” Mr. R. May, illustrated by an exhibition of old local Play-bills and Portraits of famous Actors. (Signed) R. May, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Junior Section. At the last Annual Meeting of the Club the age limit of Junior Members was altered from 21 to 17 years, and the annual subscription reduced from 2/6 to 1/-. The change has been decidedly to the advantage of the Section, the amount of work a 1916-17.] 267 done during the past year surpassing that of previous years, and the interest taken by the young members greatly increased. Before the reduction of age took place the presence of older members tended to retard the enthusiasm of the younger, for whom the meetings were intended, and now the boys and girls appear to work more freely and assume a more confident attitude. The membership has steadily increased, and the attendances at both Winter and Summer meetings have been good. On the 31st March, 1916, the membership stood at 32, but was automatically decreased by the change in constitution already mentioned to 10. Twenty new members have been elected since, giving a total of 30 on 31st March, 1917. Of these 4 are now transferred to the newly formed Associate Section (ages 17 to 2 years), leaving a net total of 26 to commence the new session. The Summer Excursions were as follows :— 1916. 1oth June 06 River Lagan. 24th June ee Holywood Moss. 22nd July ~ Windy Gap, Black Mountain. 5th Aug. oe Carr’s Glen. 26th Aug. LS Botanic Gardens. oth Sept. a Ligoniel to Glengormley. Average attendance at these excursions, Io. The Winter meetings were so arranged as to give a wide range of subjects, and were as follows :— 1916. gth November—‘‘ An Introduction to Nature Knowledge,” by Mr. A. Deane. 30th November— ‘‘ The Life of a Fern,” by Miss M. W. Rea. 14th December—‘‘ Growth of the Alphabet,” by Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland. 1917. _ 11th January—‘“‘ Plants which feed on Animals,” by Mr. G. 1. Oliver. Ist February—‘‘ Pond Life,” by Mr. J. Maxwell, J.P. 22nd February—‘‘Common Objects of the Sea-Shore,” by Mr. R. J. Carpenter, A.R.C.S. (Lond.). 22nd March—‘‘ What to look for in a Quarry,” by Mr. S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.Sc. 29th March—‘‘ Mammals of Ireland,” by Mr. J. A. S. Stendall. 268 [Proc. B.N.F.C., The foregoing addresses were all illustrated either by actual specimens or lantern slides, and the average attendance was 13. Enigma competitions were held at each Summer walk, and the prizes won were presented at the Club’s Annual Conversazione by the Vice-President. In connexion with the Winter meetings Alderman S. T. Mercier, J.P., Chairman of the Library and Technical Instruction Committee of the Belfast Corporation, kindly offered two prizes for the best kept note-books dealing with the addresses given, one prize to be given to a girl and one to a boy. Details of both competitions will be found in the report of the Prizes Sub- Committee. A successful meeting was held on New Year's Day, when the Section first visited the Municipal Museum and viewed the exhibits, afterwards proceeding to the Museum, College Square North, where tea was provided by friends of the Section. (Signed) J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL, on. Sec. of the Section. Report of Prizes Sub-Committee. No collections or papers have been received for any of the Club’s competitions, and the only report to make is in connexion with the prizes of the Junior Section. For the enigma competition held during the Summer two prizes were offered, as follows:—For Botanical enigma a prize of ten shillings, by Mr. S. A. Bennett, and for Zoological enigma a prize of five shillings, by Mr. Joseph Maxwell. The Botanical enigma prize has been awarded to Miss Dorothy Armstrong and Zoological prize to Alfred George. For the best kept note-book dealing with the addresses given at the Winter meetings Alderman 8. T. Mercier, J.P., offered two prizes of five shillings each, one for a girl and one for a boy. After a keen competition it has been decided to award the prizes to Miss Olive Ferguson and Alfred George. The Sub-Committee eS a 1916-17.] 269 wish to call attention to the excellence of the work sent in, that of Miss Olive Ferguson being of exceptional merit, while Miss Nunda Troughton’s effort is so deserving of a prize that a member of the Prizes Sub-Committee (who wishes to remain anonymous) has pleasure in awarding her a special prize of five shillings. (See report of Junior Section). (Signed) ARTHUR DEANE, SARAH BLACKWOOD, Prizes KATHLEEN WarD, mapa saad J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL, Report of Delegate to the Corresponding Societies Conference of British Association, 1916. I had the honour of representing this Club at the Conference of Delegates of the Corresponding Societies of the British Association, held last year at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. There were, as usual, two meetings of the Conference, one on Wednesday, 6th September, and the other on Friday, 8th September, both of which I attended. At the first meeting the Report of the Committee on Popular Science Lectures was presented. This valuable report is much too lengthy to be treated at all satisfactorily here, but the following points are of especial interest to our Field Club. This report summarises over 1,500 replies from various societies to questions asked by a Committee representative of all Sections of the British Association. From the summary the following may be quoted :—‘ Popular lectures on scientific subjects do not usually attract such large audiences as formerly in most parts of the kingdom. To make a wide appeal to the general public the same principles of organisation, advertisement, and selection of lecturer and subject must be followed, as are adopted by agents of other public performances.” ‘‘Increase in the number of 270 [Proc. B.N.F.C., educational institutions has provided for the needs of most persons who wish to study science, either to gain knowledge or prepare for a career. Other people seek entertainment, rather than mental effort, in their leisure hours, and they require subjects of topical interest, or of social and political importance, to attract them to lectures.” Of the Recommendations of the Committee the following is a brief summary :—‘‘ That an annual list of public lecturers on science subjects be prepared and published, with titles of their lectures. No fees should be mentioned in the list, but addresses should be given so that committees organising lectures may make their own arrangements with lecturers. Local scientific societies, museums, and institutions of higher education should be invited to send the names of members of their bodies prepared to deliver lectures to similar bodies elsewhere without fee other than travelling expenses, and the names of such voluntary lecturers should be indicated in the list by a distinguishing mark.” They further recommend the increased use of the bioscope, illustrating natural objects, scenes and phenomena. The President of the Conference, Professor G. A. Lebour, gave an address upon ‘“‘Co-operation,” an address directed more particularly to Naturalists’ Field Clubs. After describing the features of the early history of Field Clubs, their systematic and useful work on the local fauna and flora, the President referred to the turning point of their history some 40 or 50 years ago, coincident with the great increase in the number of subjects taught to the masses of the people, and with the establishment of College after College, and University after University in every part of the country.. Another cause of decline Prof. Lebour attributed to the fact that in the course of years all the flowers, beetles, butterflies, birds and beasts of a limited tract of country have practically been gathered. Hence the purposes which actuated the eager searchers of the past are much diminished in force. A still further unfavourable factor has been the breakdown in insularity, 1916-17.] 271 due to the ease and cheapness of modern means of communication. To remedy this decadence the President suggested some form of Co-operation, the neighbouring societies carrying on valuable research on pre-arranged lines with each other, so that the “maximum value in useful results will be obtained from the maximum number of co-workers.” The following papers and discussions also were read :— Mr. Perceval J. Ashton (Selborne Society )—‘‘The Encourage- ment of Public Interest in Science by means of Popular Lectures.” Mr. Arthur Bennett (Warrington Society)—‘“‘The Desirability of forming Federations of Societies with Cognate Aims.” Mr. Bennett suggested the Federation of Societies, with the formation of Sections of the Society, very much on the lines of the Sections of our own Club. Mr. Whitaker (in the absence of Mrs. Hester F. Julian)— “ The Importance of Kent’s Cavern as a National Site.” The Conference was as successful as usual, and realised fully the seriousness of the position of Field Clubs and Naturalists’ Societies in the present day, and the need for some more or less drastic measures of reform if they are to attain their pristine healthy and useful condition. (Signed) J. K. CHaRLeswortnH, Dedegate. [Proc. B.N.F.C., ssuonpny { ‘TIVONGLS AUNGIS 'V ‘£ “LI6T ‘Tudy F NOSLYUAAOU “9 ‘O (peusig) “40911090 punoj pues poulmexny ‘wadnsnat, “Uo “TALSOA “H NIAAN (poustg) ‘qSVq-YION 9Y} JO VIO], ] Mou v Surysijqnd spavmoy ZOF TOF oFVOYIGIAH SSUIACY IBAA L LI 6h Ne ‘‘ % COOUSe Ol SLs Hee ———n “LI6T 8 Ll LOTS 8 LI LIF i LT 6F wee wee aoe . eouvled ee OO" Ti i ‘ai ze eiesciath uolyeloossy ysyig “ 0 L &F = se peseyound ayeVoyyszay ssulaeg aera ‘* 6 6 T eo 5s 10JD9T[OH 04 MOIST K) ue 0 &I 8I - = _OT-ST6T “sodey [enuuy sanuig © € OL ZI ma ae OUOIZESIOA MOL) jo sosuedx ‘* 9 S&T OL sy ie . soseysog ‘ 00 #F a a 9T-ST6T ‘unesnyy & UI SULOOY JO FUSY f ere oa athe “- shurpaa004g pure 0.1077 JO seleg ** 9 GT aa ae “syooiq ‘ Cote) Sa it a ER a QUOIZVSIOAUOL) WOIAZ SIdte0ayy 0 0 f Z ae 2h i sak soryingeryy “ TTS Gare ooo 6 ies _ SUOTSINOXG wo1j sourreg ‘* 00526 hay - = a ISUIDINIDAT YSI4T ** 0 OLg Bs .- re j “* seo eouvjugq * 0 OL 0 wee ase wee wee wee soUvINSUT oll ce g 2 g wee oe eee wee oyelooss yw ‘od “ce jay ey aE a ai ‘oN ‘syoog ‘Arou0ieag ‘suuiag Ag 8 6 69 af 353 ah sts see eouvleg OF, ‘SLNANAVd | "‘Sidia03aY ID ‘LIO! ‘YDB ISIE SUIPUS JBSA 9} JO] JUNODY S,.JoINSBol] ‘I@ 1916-17.} 27 3 Proceedings. SUMMER SESSION. CASTLE UPTON, The first excursion of the session took place on 2oth May. The party, numbering rog, left Belfast by the 1-20 train for Templepatrick, where, at the kind invitation of Dr. John Campbell, the afternoon was spent in the demesne of Castle Upton. On the arrival of the party at Templepatrick the conductor, Dr. J. K. Charlesworth, explained the geological structure and history of the district. The outpouring of the basalt sheets in Tertiary times resulted in subsidences, either slow and gradual, as the area covered by the present Lough Neagh, or more rapid, as the fault that passing through Templepatrick has exposed the chalk in the heart of the basalt plateau. Dr. Charlesworth further mentioned the recurrence of rhyolite at Templepatrick and at Tardree, and the date of the eruption of these acid lavas was shown to have corresponded with the period that elapsed between the outpouring of the upper and lower basalts. The grounds of Castle Upton were then visited, including the burial-grounds, where lie Josias Walsh, the grandson of John Knox, and William Orr, of 98. ‘The castle itself, with the old priory of the Knights of St. John, was most kindly thrown open tothe party. During tea, to which the party was _ entertained by Dr. and Mrs. Campbell, Dr. Campbell gave a very interesting and highly-instructive account of the history of the castle and its precincts. Ata general meeting of the Club held after tea—Mr. N. H. Foster in the chair—a hearty vote of thanks was tendered to Dr. and Mrs. Campbell for their kind hospitality, on the motion of Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland, seconded by Mr. F. A. B 274 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Heron. Dr. Charlesworth was elected the delegate of the Club to the Committee of Corresponding Societies of the British Association, at Newcastle-on-l'yne. The following were elected to. Membership—Ordinary Members:—Mrs. Edwards, Mrs. Alex. Robb, Miss Johnston, Miss E. C. Davis, Miss E. J. Rutledge, B.Sc, Miss M. W. Duffin, B.Sc., Messrs. Herbert Edwards and S. C. Black—Associate Members:—Miss E. A. Silcock, Messrs. Richard Lee and R. A. Dunsire. Three Junior Members were also elected. Good collections were obtained in some of the Invertebrate groups of animals. Numerous species of Mollusks were observed, but all of them had been previously recorded from the district. Seven species of Woodlice were noted, and these included three of the rarer species—viz., Haplophthalmus mengit, Trichoniscus roseus, and Porcellio pictus. Among the Centipedes Geophi/us sp. was very abundant, whilst Za/us niger proved to be the commonest Millipede. One species of Mycetozoa was obtained—viz., Lycogola epidendrum. Among the Plants the following were noted:—Dvraba verna, D. muralis, Origanum vulgare, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Ophio- glossum vulgatum, Botrychium Lunaria, Ceterach officinarum, and a variety of Saxi/raga granulata. In the course of the afternoon the Templepatrick Arms and the Presbyterian (Non-Subscribing) Church were examined. The party returned by the 6-33 train, arriving in Belfast at 7-15. TORRENT RIVER VALLEY, COALISLAND. The second excursion of the fifty-fourth Summer session took place on 3rd June, when a party of thirty-seven members and friends, under the conductorship of Mr. Nevin H. Foster, F.L.S., M.R.1.A., left Belfast in reserved carriages by the 8 a.m. train, and arrived in Coalisland at 9-46. The stated object for the day’s visit was the exploration of the Torrent River Valley, and the party immediately started on their outward walk through the townlands of Gortniskea and Drumreagh. Proceeding along the 1916-17.) 275 county road for about half a mile (approximately by the course of an old eighteenth-century canal), many evidences were noted of the disused workings of coal-pits and clay-pits, the blue clay being here utilised for the manufacture of fire-clay goods. The county road was left at Torrent Cottage, and the party proceeded by ““Lowry’s Line.” This walk is the old towpath made alongside the canal, the word line being locally used for the English “towpath.” The first visible evidence of this old canal consists of an arch opposite Drumreagh House, probably erected to carry a road (of which no trace now remains) across the canal; but a few yards further on the canal, now degenerated into a mere *‘shough,” could be easily traced for about a mile on to the aqueduct. This aqueduct is a substantial structure built of Carboniferous sandstone (doubtless taken from a quarry in the immediate neighbourhood), and was erected to carry this ill-fated canal across the Torrent River. On arrival at the aqueduct at eleven o’clock the conductor gave a short account of the canal, and in the course of his remarks said that in 1729 the Irish Pirliament appointed ‘“‘Commissioners of Inland Navigation” charged with the primary duty of encouraging tillage and giving employment to the poor, and incidentally developing navigation. At this time was made, at a cost of £26,000, the canal from Lough Neagh, or more correctly from the River Blackwater, about three miles above the lough, to Coalisland, the length of the canal being some 4% miles, and the difference in elevation—51 feet— surmounted by means of seven locks. ‘This canal is still exten- sively used, and constitutes perhaps the best paying canal in Ireland. In the first half of the eighteenth century the conditions in the rural parts of Ireland were deplorable, and Dublin was the centre of Irish life, where money was spent while the rest of the country bled. These Commissioners, naturally enough, directed their attentions to the problem of getting coals from the Congo and Drumglass collieries to Dublin, and many schemes were evolved and much money spent with this object. One 276 [Proc. B.N.F.C., proposal, actually begun, was to have an underground channel made from the collieries to Coalisland. Another project was the making of a canal capable of giving passage to boats of 100 tons capacity. This was actually begun at the Coalisland end, but after the building of one lock, 125 feet long and 25 feet wide, was abandoned. The next scheme was that of David Duckart, who actually made the canal, probably about the year 1760, from Coalisland to the collieries, a distance of about 3 miles. This canal was 24 feet wide and four feet deep, and was desgined for boats of small tonnage. About half a mile above the aqueduct stands in a field an arch known as the “Dry Hurry.” As to the meaning of the name there are differences of opinion, but perhaps all are agreed that ‘“‘hurry” is a corruption for ‘‘wherry.” Some consider wherry to mean a small boat, such as was proposed to use on this canal, while others contend that the word has reference to the logs of wood laid down for the boats to slide upon. The fall of this canal from the collieries to Coalisland is upwards of 190 feet, and, as water was not abundant, it was intended to dispense with locks and where possible float the boats, but at intervals slide them down the declivities on wooden blocks. The project was not a success, and local tradition asserts that only one boat ever passed over the aqueduct. In 1774 the celebrated engineer Smeaton was called in to advise. He recommended that a railway such as was then in use between Newcastle and Whitehaven should be made. On this the waggons would run down by gravity and at the same time pull up the empty waggons. However, by this time it was found that the quality of the coals did not warrant the expenditure, and all the projects were abandoned. In 1784 Parliament granted £2,000 to John Staples and James Caulfield for erecting an engine to pump out water from the coalmines, and it is interesting to note that this was the first steam engine erected in Ireland. We acknowledge our indebted- to Mr. Glasgow, of the “‘ Mid Ulster Mail,” who was present with the party, for much of above information. 1916-17. About three hours were now allotted to members to pursue their varied studies, and soon the various specialists were busy. The district, being on the Carboniferous formation, proved of interest to the geologists, some of whom visited a neighbouring quarry, where they were successful in obtaining characteristic fossils. These included the Brachiopod Rhynchonella, Crinoid stems, &c. Others hurried away for some distance to an outcrop of the Permian beds (rare in Ireland), which are recorded on the Geological Survey map. Their report when published will doubt- less prove of interest and value. All around were observed numerous “‘erratics,” giving testimony to the carrying powers of ice during the long-past Glacial Epoch. The botanists noticed the characteristic vigour and profusion of many of the calcicole plants, and, although not finding anything hitherto unrecorded from the county, were pleased to note several of our rarer plants. Among these may be mentioned Chelidonium majus, Cardamine amara, Geranium Pheum, Viburnum Opulus, Geum rivale, Sisym- brium officinale, Avenaria trinervia, Linaria Cymbalaria and Aspidium aculeatum, Several species of Myxomycetes or Mycetozoa were obtained and carefully boxed for identification. As no collect- ing had previously been done in this group in County Tyrone all these constitute new county records (zzde “Irish Naturalist,” April, 1917). The ornithologists handed in a list of thirty-two species of birds seen during the day. Naturally little was seen of the wild mammalian fauna, but it was interesting to learn that in this neighbourhood a few days previously a badger’s “earth” had been found at a short distance from a farmyard where some nights before a raid by some animal on the poultry yard had resulted in the destruction of 98 chickens. ‘There is no proof that the badger was the delinquent, but such may have been the case, though a fox was seen in the same locality not so long ago. Murray’s Wood and the Canal at Coalisland proved the best collecting grounds for the snail men. At the former spot the best finds were Acanthinula aculeata, Hygromia fusca, Pupa anglica and Acicula 2 78 {Proc. B.N.F.C., lineata. Vallonia pulchella, which was found near the aqueduct, proved new to County Tyrone, as well as Vertigo pygmea. The former is mainly a maritime species in Ireland except in the central limestone plain. Spherium lacustre was found to be quite common in the canal and overflow below Coalisland, where many other more common species occurred. In Woodlice the four common species, Zrichoniscus pusillus, Philoscia muscorum, Oniscus asellus and Porcellio scaber, proved abundant, while a couple of specimens of the rarer Porcellio pictus were obtained. Some eight species of Myriapods were collected, among these being Lzthodzus lapidicola, a Centipede previously only recorded in Ireland from Co. Wicklow. Punctually at two o’clock from the aqueduct was heard the conductor’s whistle announcing the hour for departure, and the party proceeded by the road on the western side of the river, through Farlough, and past Beechgrove and Derryvale till the morning’s route was rejoined at Torrent Cottage. By three o’clock all were assembled in the Charlemont Arms Hotel, where tea was provided, the proprietress, Mrs. Byrne, being most assiduous in seeing after the comforts of all. After their long day in the open the delicious tea proved most welcome to the party, and before rising from the table the usual business meeting was held—Mr. Nevin H. Foster, in the absence of the President and Vice-President, occuping the chair. Miss L. C. Rea and Mr. A. M. Harper and one junior member were elected. The party left Coalisland by the 4-27 train, arriving in Belfast at 6 o’clock after spending a pleasant and profitable day, and with the Club’s customary luck having been favoured with perfect weather conditions. ARDGLASS. The third Summer excursion was held on 17th June, when about eighty members and friends travelled by the 1-50 train to: Ardglass. On arrival, the party, conducted by Mr. Robert May, proceeded to the ruins of the ancient Church of St. Nicholas, 1916-17.) 279 Ardtole. After an interesting inspection of the ruins, the party dispersed, and members of the various sections went to pursue their respective hobbies. The glorious weather was the means of proving that Field Club members can be philosophers as well as scientists, for the party simply revelled in the sunshine, and little serious work was done. Thirty-one species of birds were noted, 17 of which frequent Castle Shane. The ground being so dry, the collecting of Invertebrates was disappointing. The Pill-Woodlouse, Armadiliidium vulgare was found in considerable numbers. This species—so common in Leinster and Munster—is practically restricted in Ulster to the south-eastern portion of County Down, being common in the neighbourhood from Downpatrick to Ardglass. The geologists and botanists of the party, in passing familiar specimens in their respective hobbies, as much as said, “‘I see you there,” and were content. At five o’clock the party met at Castle Shane, and were made welcome and entertained to tea by Mr. Francis Joseph Bigger, M.R.ILA. After tea, the party ascended to the top of the castle, where Mr. Bigger gave an historic account of the many stirring incidents of the past in connexion with the castle, and its present peaceful occupation by himself. A short business meeting was held, Mr. Nevin H. Foster presiding. Mrs. Bertha Johnstone and Messrs. John Campbell and Edwin Lacy were elected ordinary members. Four junior members were also elected. A cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Bigger for his generous hospitality, proposed by Mr. Adam Speers, and seconded by Mr. F, A. Heron, was passed by acclamation. The party returned to Belfast by the 6.40 p.m. train. BROADSTONE, BALLYMONEY. The fourth excursion of the Summer session took place on 1st July, when forty-two members entrained for Dunloy. On reaching the latter place brakes conveyed the party, under the conductorship of Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland, to The Craigs, where a 280 (Proc. B.N.F.C., convenient quarry afforded an excellent stopping-place for lunch. After lunch the members walked to the Broadstone, one of the finest cromlechs of the North of Ireland (Plate VIII.). From there a short mile east brought them to two weil-defined raths, with complete trenches and considerable remains of stone ramparts. From here the party visited a second fine cromlech at Lower Craigs (Plate IX.), mounting the brakes again punctually at 4-30 p.m. for the drive to Ballymoney, where tea awaited the members at the Antrim Arms Hotel, the return journey affording excellent views across the valley of the Bann. Mention should be made of an interesting specimen of a sod-house passed on the outward drive, a type of domestic architecture new to most of the party. During the day the ornithologists of the party noted twenty-six species of birds. On the moor near the Broadstone it was evident from their actions that the lapwings and curlews had young in the vicinity. The only conchologist in the party accompanied the botanists to Lough Naroon in the hope of finding some mollusca on the scrub-covered cliffs which are such a characteristic feature of the topography of the district. These cliffs have long been known to shelter a flora, of which a large percentage of the species are now local or rare in the N.E. of Ireland and a similar state of things can only be expected in the case of the land mollusca. Unfortunately the rain which fell almost prevented a search for these small shells being carried out, but a small list was nevertheless compiled, which fully proved that just as in the case of the flora, so with the snails, the absence of species which one associated with cultivated ground and the presence of those now confined to old native woods and similar places was the most striking point of interest. The following species were observed :—Limax arborum, Agriolimax agrestis, Arion ater, A. intermedius, A. circumscriplus, Hyalinia nitidula (type and var. helmz), H. pura, H. altiarta, H. radiatula, Punctum pygmaum, Pyramidula rotundata, Acanthinula aculeata, Cochlicopa de 1916-1 A OF ? B.N.E Proc. IX] | PLATE “ANWIAIS) “T, AoA Sey Per*porege INV —— ee a eee ene nae ee ee OLON eee ate%9 . ,& ee os < me y's 1916-17.) ae lubrica, Pupa anglica, P. cylindracea, Sphyradium edentulum, and Carychium minimum. As it is impossible to imagine that any of these shade-loving snails could possibly have been brought to these isolated cliffs by any chance means of dispersal, one is forced to the conclusion that they have inhabited such places from a period before the growth of the present surrounding peat bog, which offers such an extreme barrier to the spread of most of our mollusks. On this day the only species seen on the bog was the great black slug, A7zox ater, which occurred in hundreds even in the most spongy areas. The district, as was expected, proved poor collecting ground for Invertebrates in other groups, and none were taken except common species. The botanists of the party spent a most interesting time at The Craigs. The rocky, basaltic escarp- ments, the peat bogs, and the heather moorland afforded suitable _ habitats for some interesting plants, and notwithstanding the rather unfavourable nature of the weather for tramping over the moorland a few good finds were made. One rare orchid, Habenaria albida, was found profusely in the drier parts of the moorland. Closely associated with it was one of the Winter-greens, Pyrola media. These two rare plants have not been recorded from this district before. A fine colony of Carduus pratensis was seen in a boggy meadow. Among other notable species observed on and about The Craigs were Axfennaria dioica, Viburnum Opulus, Asperula odorata, Anchusa sempervirens and Listera cordata. The commoner of our two local species of the butterfly orchis was Hadbenaria bifoa. This fact is quite contrary to the Club’s general experience, the common species being as a rule H. chlorantha. Others of the botanists spent the day around Lough Naroon, where Carex canescens, C. imosa, and Vaccinium Oxycoccus, as well as many other interesting bog plants were seen. The party returned from Ballymoney by the 7-10 train, arriving in Belfast at 8-50. 282 [Proc. B.N.F.C., POT OF LEGAWHERRY, MOURNE MOUNTAINS. The fifth excursion was held on 15th July, when fifty-five members and friends travelled by the 9-35 a.m. train to Newcastle en voute for the Pot of Legawherry (/eg-a-choire, the hollow of the cauldron), one of the beauty spots in the Mourne Mountains. Mr. J. Maxwell, Vice-President of the Club, was conductor for the day. On arrival at Newcastle brakes were waiting to convey the party to the Bryansford entrance to Tollymore Park. The drive was very much enjoyed, as the fine mountain range looked its best, all the well-known peaks standing out clear and distinct in the Summer sunshine. Soon the lovely wooded valley of the Shimna river was reached, and from the park entrance the remainder of the journey was continued on foot. Several members were content to remain in the park and enjoy the fine mountain views, the sylvan walks and leafy bowers by the side of the Shimna, and the rustling of the stream as it dashed in foam from one cascade to another. The more energetic members, however, pushed on, not to be daunted by the three mile walk into the heart of the mountains. About two o’clock a con- siderable number had arrived at the spot selected for the day’s excursion. Fortunately the weather conditions were all that could be desired, and the beautiful mountain valley well repaid the long walk over mountain, bog, and heather. The mountains at the head of the valley—Shanslieve, Slieve Commedagh and Slieve Corragh—surround the Pot of Legawherry on three sides, and plunge down over a thousand feet into the lonely grassy hollow, where the never-ending rustling of the streamlets— the head waters of the Spinkwee River—alone breaks the silence. This was mainly a botanists’ excursion, and the following were the principal plants recorded :—yfericum Androsemum, Malva moschata, Saxtfraga stellavis, Melampyrum pratense, Empetrum nigrum, Habenaria chiorantha, Carex levigata, Festuca ovina, F. sylvatica, Hymenophyllum unilaterale, and Lycopodium alpinum. In addition to above plants noted by the botanists, the other members were ee 1916-17. ] 283 delighted with a plentiful show of Sundew, the bright yellow flowers of the Bog-Asphodel, and the nodding heads of the Cotton-Grass, all of which were in great profusion. A few of the hardy spirits continued their walk right over Commedagh, but the greater number were glad to join the brakes again at the Barbican Gate, and all reached the Slieve Donard Hotel about 5-30 p.m. Here a welcome tea was in readiness, and was very much enjoyed after a very pleasant day’s excursion. After a short business meeting had been held, at which Messrs. J. Malcolm Capper and H. M‘Callum were elected members, the return journey was made to Belfast by the 6-50 p.m. train. GREYABBEY. The sixth excursion (Half-day) of the Summer Session took place on 29th July, when about forty members visited Mount- stewart and Greyabbey. The party, under the conductorship of Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland, left Belfast by the 1-50 p.m. train and drove in brakes from Newtownards to Mountstewart Demesne (permission to visit which had been very kindly granted by Lord Londonderry), being met at the entrance gate by Mr. T. W. Bolas, the courteous head gardener of the estate, under whose guidance the members first visited the Temple in the grounds, a copy of the Temple of the Winds at Athens. Thence they were led to the interesting cromlech standing in a contiguous field, when a short descriptive account of this ancient relic was given by the conductor. Mr. Bolas then took the party to the ruins of the secluded chapel in the glen, whence the members proceeded by quiet bye-paths to the far southern edge of the demesne, where the brakes were remounted for Greyabbey. Tea was served here immediately on arrival, the catering being in the hands of Mr. F. W. Henry, of Ye Olde Castle. After tea a short business meeting was held, Dr. Hamilton, Vice-Chancellor of Queen’s University, presiding, when Mr. Robert Baillie and two junior members were elected. A hearty 284 _ [Proc. B.N.F.O., vote of thanks was also passed to Mr. T. W. Bolas for the arrangements he had so kindly made to give enjoyment to the members when passing through Mountstewart Demesne. After this the members visited the Abbey and Church, the principal objects of interest being pointed out and shortly described by the conductor, who, at 6-30, was reluctantly obliged to sound the whistle all too soon as a signal to rejoin the brakes for New- townards and home. Among the more interesting plants the botanists noted the following :—Parvietaria officinalis, Centranthus vuber, Pyrus Aria, Sedum Telephium, Hieracium pellucidum. The zoologists of the party spent an enjoyable afternoon. During the outward drive, the tide being full in, many gulls of different species were observed on the shore, but on the return journey these birds were not in evidence, having followed the retiring waters. Collections of Myriapods and False Scorpions were made, which will eventually be worked out. Four species of Woodlice were observed, and it is worthy of note that one of these, Haplophihalmus mengit, was found at the old chapel in Mountstewart Demesne, this being the fifth locality in which this species has been observed in County Down. THE GOBBINS. On the roth August, over twenty members had an excursion to the Gobbins. Leaving Belfast by the 2-15 train for Ballycarry most of the members walked from the station to the well-known cliffs and caves. Unfortunately the weather was of such a nature as to damp the ardour of even the most enthusiastic of naturalists ; nevertheless, three or four hours were spent examining the various matters of interest to the geologists and botanists of the party. ANTRIM. The last excursion was to Antrim on 2nd September, the members and friends participating in it numbering 106, Mr. 1916-17.) 285 Sylvanus Wear being the conductor. At Antrim Rev. W. A. Adams took charge of the party. The first visit was to the Round Tower, where Rev. W. A. Adams, B.A., gave an address on Round Towers in general and the Antrim Tower in particular. Miss Margaret Stokes has classed the Round Towers of Ireland into four periods depending on the style of their masonry as well as on their doorways and window openings. Each successive period is charcterised by an advance in style and finish of masonry, while the openings show a develop- ment towards the perfect arch. The Antrim Tower belongs to the first or earliest of the four periods to which Miss Margaret Stokes has assigned these towers. The builder of this tower is said to have been Gobban Saer. Petrie believes that this was a person who lived in the seventh century, while others put the date two thousand years earlier, and think that Gobban was the name of a class. This tower, as regards dimensions, is fairly typical. Its height is 92 feet, external diameters at bottom and top g feet and 7 feet 4 inches, with corresponding thicknesses of wall 3 feet g inches and 1 foot 10 inches. The door is 7 feet 4 inches above the plinth and faces north. All the openings are square-headed, and have inclined sides. Above the lintel of the lowest opening is a stone bearing across in relief. It has figured very prominently in the controversies as to the Christian or Pagan origin of the towers. The mortar inside the roof shows that wicker-work “templets ” were used when building the roof. The cap having been destroyed by lightning, was repaired by Mr. Clarke in 1819, with “‘ Tardree porphyry ” similar to the stones used for the various openings. This tower has been referred to as one of the few that has no ecclesiastical buildings near it. But early last century considerable remains of old buildings were laid bare, and vast quantities of human bones have been found close to the tower. It was here that the ancient church, as well as the town of Antrim, was situated. The present more modern town was known as Gall- Antrim (i.e., Antrim of the Strangers). In the garden near the 286 (Proc. B.N.F.C., tower is a Bullan Stone, locally known as the Witch Stone. Similar stones are known as glun-stones or knee-stones. The next visit was to the Parish Church. Here the Vicar, Rev. M. H. F. Collis, B.D., gave an interesting description of the Church and presented to each member a copy of his paper “ Antrim Church for Three Hundred Years,” reprinted from the Udster Journal of Archeology. It was built in 1596 in the style of that period—Elizabethan. In 1649 it, together with most of the town, was burned by General Munro. In 1816 the tower and spire were erected. It is probable that it was at this time that the old door- way was built up. ‘Traces of it can still be seen below the second window from the tower. In 1869 the south-east transept and vestry were added by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, ‘‘and they bear the stamp of the work of that body!” The stained-glass windows are chiefly in memory of members of the Massereene family. Two recent additions have been made by the Clarke family. Special attention was called to the window in the old transept. The tinting of the glass has been considered the finest in Ireland. It is supposed to have been brought from the Con- tinent by a former Viscount Massereene. There are two mural monuments—the smaller, a memorial of the eighth Viscount and last Earl, who died in 1816, is by Flaxman; the larger, with representations of faith, hope and charity standing over a recumbent figure, is in memory of the tenth Viscount, who died in 1863. The old and much-prized silver communion plate, ‘the gift of Madam Abigail Parnell to the parish of Antrim, 1701,” was explained piece by piece, and afterwards carefully examined. At the battle of Antrim on the 7th June, 1798, a large body of the insurgents, carrying muskets, took up their position within the churchyard. John Howe, the eminent divine, came to Antrim about 1671, and stayed for five years. Though a Nonconformist, he often preached in the Established Church. Some of his best-known books were written here. Near the eastern wall of the churchyard “the Woman of the Chimney Corner” is buried. 1916-17.] 287 The last place of call was Antrim Castle and grounds. The castle was built on its present site in 1613 by Sir Hugh Clotworthy, who came over to Ireland with Essex in 1573, and obtained the grant of Antrim, &c., in 1605. He married Mary, the daughter of Sir Roger Langford, of Carrickfergus. Their son, Sir John, the fourth baronet, was created Viscount Massereene on 3oth November, 1660. Dying five years afterwards without male issue, he was succeeded by Sir John Skeffington, the husband of his only daughter Mary. ‘Thus the family name became Skeffington, but Clotworthy was still retained generation after generation as a Christian name. ‘The fifth Viscount was created earl in 1756, but the earldom became extinct on the death of the eighth Viscount and fourth Earl in 1816, as he left no son to succeed him. His only daughter, Lady Harriet Skeffington, married the Right Hon. Thomas Henry Foster, Viscount Ferrard (son of John, Baron Oriel, the Speaker of the last Irish House of Commons, and of his wife, Viscountess Ferrard.) Thus did the Viscountcies of Massereene and of Ferrard become united in the person of Thomas Henry Foster, who took the family name of Skeffington; thus also did the Speaker’s chair of the last Irish House of Commons pass into the custody of the Massereene family. The present is the twelfth Viscount, who is on active service on behalf of his country in the present terrible war. The fourth Viscount married Lady Catherine Chichester, and the eighth married Lady Harriet Jocelyn, daughter of the first Lord Roden. The marriage of the sixth Viscount was rather romantic. He was for upwards of seventeen years a prisoner in the Bastile, where he saw Marie Antoinette pass to the scaffold. He married the daughter of the governor of that famous abode. She was known as the ‘‘beautiful Lady Massereene.” On the wall just inside the entrance gate is the figure of a wolfhound. With its fate the house of Massereene is said to stand or fall. The legend connected with it is this:—One day Lady Mary, the wife of Sir Hugh Clotworthy, the builder of the castle, was walking by Lough Neagh’s shores, accompanied by her wolf. 288 (Proc. B.N.F.C., hound, when, seeing a great wolf springing at her, she fell. That fall saved her, for the wolf overshot his mark. Just as she was beginning to swoon her hound came to the rescue. When the lady came to consciousness again she found her faithful dog, maimed, standing by her, and the wolf lying dead not far off. No wonder her descendants have shown a love for dumb animals, as is evidenced by the many memorials in the shape of stones and mounds scattered about the grounds. The screen over the front door records in stone many leading events of the family history. The castle was thrown open to the visitors. Among the many interesting things seen, that which attracted the most attention was the speaker’s chair of the last Irish House of Commons. It is placed in a recess in the oak room, and is backed by a portion of the old door of the parish church, suitably carved, and showing marks received at the battle of Antrim; some of the bullets have never been extracted. ‘The chair is carved in whitewood, painted brown. After the Irish House of Commons sat for the last time the Speaker, the Right Hon. John Foster, undertook the custody of the chair and mace, and refused to hand them over to the keeping of any other body than the Irish Parliament. One rather interesting local relic was the wheelbarrow used at the sod-cutting of the ‘‘ Ballymena Railway.” The company was free to roam about the grounds—to the Mound, with its commanding view; the Italian garden, with its walks, high yew hedges, ponds, &c., representing ‘‘The Lovers’ Progress”; the miniature causeway ; the terrace gardens ; the wishing stone; and the old battery, where the yeomanry did sad havoc among the insurgents in Main Street and Bow Lane on 7th June, 1798. After tea at Hall’s hotel the usual business meeting was held, when, on the motion of Mr. N. H. Foster, seconded by Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland, a vote of thanks was passed to Mrs. Murray, Rev. M. H. F. Collis, and Lord Massereene for granting permission to visit the tower, the church, and the castle and grounds respectively. The party were much indebted to Mr. Adams and Mr. Collis for the trouble they took to make the excursion such a success. 1916°17.] i 28 9 Winter Session. NoTE.—7Zzhe authors of the various Papers of which abstracts are given, are alone responsible for the views expressed in them. CONVERSAZIONE, The Winter Session opened with a Conversazione, held in the Carlton Hall on 24th October, at which about 250 members and friends were present. Tea was served from 7-30 till 8-30 o’clock. Members contributed the following exhibits :— GeoLtocy—Minerals from Co. Antrim, Mr. Robert Bell; core of Permian conglomerate 500 feet below Belfast, Mr. R. May; fossils from Carboniferous rocks in neighbourhood of Bundoran, also fossils from Cretaceous rocks at Hillsport, Mrs. A. M‘I. Cleland; specimens illustrating the growth of coal, Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland ; fossil and recent Foraminifera viewed with the microscope, Mr. Joseph Wright; models of Inishowen and Belfast districts, Dr. J. K. Charlesworth; model made from a Bartholomew map Y% inch equal one mile, by the pupils in fifth” form, Richmond Lodge Girls’ School; model made from Ordnance Survey map 1 inch toa mile, by pupils in sixth form, Richmond Lodge High School, Belfast, Miss Houston. Botany—Abnormal specimens of 7/antago Coronopus shewing branched inflorescences, Professor R. H. Yapp; Andromeda Polifolia from Co. Down and Co. Antrim, also a fine collection of other Irish plants, Mr. N. Carrothers; abnormal Lolium perenne var. composttum, Rev. W. R. Megaw; Mr. Stelfox showed a plant of Geranium columbinum from a new Co. Down station, about 1% miles south of Bangor, where it grows abundantly in an old disused field-quarry, and was recently discovered by Mr. R. A. Phillips, M.R.I.A.; £2ymus arenarius from Portrush, Mr. Sylvanus Cc 290 (Proc. B.N.F.C., Wear; plants from Cushendun and Cushendall, Miss S. Blackwood; common wild plants from Belfast and district, Mr. J. R. H. Greeves ; common wild plants from Knock and district, Mr. H. C. Baker; shore plants of Co. Down, Mr. S. A. Bennett; Senecto cineraria from Dalkey, Dublin, Mr. James Orr. ZooLocy—lIrish false scorpions and non-Irish woodlice, also maps illustrating the recorded distribution of false scorpions in Ireland, Mr. Nevin H. Foster; living reversed Hedix nemorats, also collection of land and freshwater shells, Mr. E. Forster Green ; microscopical exhibition of living pond life, Mr. W. Duncan; cheese-mite under microscope, also living land Mollusca, also kinematograph film—Life of the Spider—Mr. J. A. S. Stendall ; species of Mycetozoa from the Counties of Antrim, Down and Leitrim, Miss M. W. Rea; Mr. A. W. Stelfox showed specimens of Pisidium supinum A. Schmidt, from England (recent and fossil) and from the River Suir, in Ireland (fossil), also specimens of Pisidium parvulum Clessin, from the Thames basin, England (recent and fossil), and from the Rivers Shannon, Barrow, and Suir, in Ireland (fossil). Both species have but recently been added to the Irish fauna by Mr. R. A. Phillips, M.R.I.A., the last mentioned shell being also new to Great Britain. In Ireland, however, they have not yet been found alive. ARCHAOLOGY— Members of the Club were pleased to see an excellent exhibit, by Mr. William Gray, of choice specimens of flint celts, scrapers, etc., from Portrush and other centres of Co. Antrim. Miss Mawdsley showed autograph letters from John Howard (1770-1775), the Prison Philanthropist. Mrs. A. M‘I. Cleland exhibited the poor’s book and account book of the Rev. Joshua Symonds, Bedford, 1768-1780. Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland showed an interesting collection of tally-sticks from Clermont- Ferrand, France. Miss S. Blackwood had an important collection of Egyptian antiquities, including a figure of Osiris, XII. Dynasty, a ‘*Ku” figure and a neck ornament and ivory bracelet taken from a mummy on the borders of Egypt and the Soudan, also a bronze 1916-17.) 291 probe—a surgical instrument—etc. In addition, Miss Blackwood had a good exhibit of Co. Antrim stone implements of very early types. Mr. W. A. Green showed bronze and flint implements, principally from pre-historic sites at Dundrum, Co. Down: of special note, the bronze boss off a shield—probably British-Roman. Mr. R. May exhibited a large collection of play-bills of early Shakespearian representations at the old Belfast Theatre, from 1821-1829, including such celebrated names as Edmund Kean and Macready. This being the ter-centenary of Shakespeare’s death, great interest was taken in these mementoes. Mr. May also showed the Arms of the Medici family in 16th century repoussé, and centre of a pageant shield in 16th century bronze. MISCELLANEOUS Exuipits—Photographs of the linen in- dustry, Mr. W. A. Green. After tea the Vice-President, Mr. Joseph Maxwell, took the chair in the absence of the President, Major A. R. Dwerryhouse, at the seat of war. In the course of his remarks the Vice- President said that among those present were two of the original members of the Club. Evidently Natural History pursuits did not necessarily shorten life, indeed they were the best antidote possible to the troublous times through which we were passing. Even at the front some enthusiasts found opportunities for pursuing their favourite studies. At this stage the following prizes were presented to members of the Junior Section by the Chairman :—Botanical enigma prize, 1915-16, John Deane; Zoological enigma prize, 1915-16, Miss Norah Humphreys; Botanical enigma prize, 1916-17, Miss Dorothy Armstrong ; Zoological enigma prize, 1916-37, Alfred George. Mr. Maxwell concluded his remarks by announcing that Alderman S. T. Mercier, J.P., Chairman of the Library and Technical Instruction Committee, Belfast Corporation, had offered two prizes of 5/- each to the boy and girl who had the best kept notebooks at the end of the forthcoming Winter Session. The remainder of the evening was taken up by an Exhibition of 292 [Proc. B.N.F.O., ‘Kinematograph films, dealing with Natural History subjects :— Wild Nature’s Ways, the Wasp, Silk-worm hatching, the Cuckoo, the Tom-tit and the Devil-fish, the lantern being manipulated with his usual ability by Mr. Alex. R. Hogg. A few photographs taken on some of the Club’s Excursions were also shown. During the evening Rev. Kenneth Dunbar was elected an ordinary member, and Misses M. P. Kay, L. K. Stewart, M. J. V. Lawther, M. I. Lyon, and Winnie Shaw associate members. ““THE ROMAN ENGINEER: 50 B.C.—200 A.D.” The first meeting of the Winter session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on 21st November, at 8 p.m., when Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland gave a lecture on the above subject —the Vice-President (Mr. Joseph Maxwell) occupying the chair. After a few preliminary remarks the lecturer gave a short account of the lives of Vitruvius and Frontinus, the former a voluminous. writer on architecture towards the dawn of the present era; the latter the chief water commissioner of ancient Rome towards the end of the first century. Mr. Cleland then described in some detail the water supply of ancient Rome, tracing its distributive system from the sources from which its various aqueducts drew their supplies, along their stone conduits or other channels, to the final disposal of the water, by means of an elaborate system of lead pipes, to the various public or private tanks or cisterns in the ancient city. He mentioned that Rome was at one time supplied by as many as twelve aqueducts, the longest being 58 miles in length, delivering into the city the enormous quantity of 38,000,000 gallons of water per day. The lecturer next dealt with the building of triumphal arches, illustrating his remarks by examples drawn from Italy and France He then passed on to describe the amphitheatre, a class of structure taking its rise towards the end of the second century, instancing in particular those of Nimes and Arles in France, each of which could accommodate an audience of 25,000 persons. The paper was illustrated by a series of excellent lantern j 1916-17.) 293 views, many of them from the lecturer’s own negatives. Afterwards, Dr. Charlesworth and Mr. N. H. Foster made a few remarks, to which Mr. Cleland replied. With the election of five junior members the proceedings terminated. “THE CHILDHOOD OF ART.” The second meeting of the session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on 19th December, when an address was delivered by Mr. A. Deane on “The Childhood of Art” as manifested in the works of the stone age of man. Professor Yapp occupied the chair. Mr. Deane pointed out that it was possible from a study of lower forms of life to understand better the functions of higher forms, and an inquiry into the arts of primitive people helped to elucidate the complexities of civilised art. Palaeolithic man expressed his earliest artistic ideas by drawings on bone and pebbles, of animals such as the bison, bear, and reindeer, with which he came daily into contact. By a series of beautiful slides Mr. Deane was able to show the progress of these primitive peoples from crude drawings in profile to those showing life and vigour in every line. These results were obtained by the use of very simple implements, and it is thus seen, he said, that art is not necessarily dependent on material civilisation for its expression. Various tools have been found covered with drawings, from which we infer that primitive man worked at art for the pleasure it afforded him, and not from a utilitarian point of view. Palzeo- lithic man next painted the animals, as evidenced by the discovery of caves in France and Spain, the walls being covered with repre- sentations of reindeer, &c., in colour. On coming to the Neolithic age we find that the high artistic skill of Palzolithic men was not transferred to their descendants. Man had now more occupations, such as cultivating the ground, spinning and weaving, also pottery- making. Decorative art took the form of lines and curves of various kinds. In the North of Ireland several urns have been found showing this kind of ornamentation. The polishing of 294 [Proc. B.N.F.C., implements such as “celts” was brought to a high pitch of perfection. Mr. Deane urged that again early man did not go on the lines of least resistance, but had the mind of an artist, and followed art for art’s sake. An animated discussion followed in which Professor Yapp, Dr. Charlesworth, Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland, and Mr. A. Milligan took part and Mr. Deane replied to the various questions raised. ‘““THE MOURNE MOUNTAINS.” The third meeting of the Winter session was held in the Museum, College Square North, on 16th January, when Mr. Nevin H. Foster, F.L.S., M.R.I.A., read a paper on “The Mourne Mountains.” The chair was occupied by the President, Major A. R. Dwerryhouse, who received a warm welcome on the occasion of his visit from the front. Mr. Foster said that the Mourne Mountains formed the most elevated land in Ulster, and covered an elliptical area of about 14 x 7 miles. They were in the main composed of a tough grey granite, but in several of the peaks the old Silurian rock had been lifted with the outflow and now capped the underlying granite. It is believed that this intrusion of granite occurred about the same period that almost all of Co. Antrim, with the eastern portions of Tyrone and Derry, were buried by a volcanic outburst or outbursts of lava, which we see to-day as basalt and some other kindred rocks in these localities. He pointed out that this granite intrusion did not leave the Mourne Mountains as we see them to-day, for since that time many physical forces, particularly those emanating from the Glacial Period or Periods and the subsequent return of a milder climate, had been at work to mould and carve the district into its present condition. Many evidences of glacial phenomena were observable in the district. In several places s¢v7@—grooves on the rock surface—showed where the glaciers had flowed over the bed-rock, whilst perched blocks, such as Cloughmore, above Ros- trevor, attested the carrying power of ice. Moraines, the inevitable 1916-17.] 295 accompaniments of glaciers, could still be traced, of which perhaps the best known was that at Moolieve, at the southern end of the Happy Valley, where eventually will be erected the dam converting this valley into a large lake, which will form the reservoir for Belfast’s water supply. Mr. Foster said that the Kingdom of Mourne proved a charming district for the pedestrian, no portion of the range being beyond reach in a fair day’s walking, provided always that one’s starting-point be properly chosen; and that Newcastle, Kilkeel, Warrenpoint or Rostrevor, and Hilltown afforded such bases for the exploration of the chain. He then proceeded to describe some walks which could be undertaken, and in speaking of the Castles of Commedagh—a wonderful natural feature—said it was strange that so few of Newcastle’s visitors had ever viewed this wonderland, which was within two hours’ walking of the town. He further stated that in a granite area the flora and fauna were, as a rule, poor in number of species, but that in the Mourne district several of our rarer plants were to be found, and he showed views of a series of characteristic plants of the district. An inter- esting botanical fact was that Strangford Lough, a few miles to the north, formed the meeting-place for two plants in Ireland: the Scotch Lovage, Ligusticum scoticum, a northern species, here finding its southern limit and meeting with the Sea Purslane, Atriplex portulacoides, a species of southern origin which had not been found further north in Ireland. In speaking of the fauna he said that in the recesses of these mountains the Fox and the Badger still lurked, whilst the Pine-Marten had been observed in Tolly- more Park and in Donard demesne. Our only Irish reptile, the Viviparous Lizard, had been recorded from here. Of the birds frequenting the district Mr. Foster had many things to recount, including the capture at Greencastle some years ago of a specimen of the Antarctic Sheathbill—unique in the Northern hemisphere. The invertebrate fauna of the neighbourhood was also briefly alluded to. 296 (Proc. B.N.F.C., The paper was illustrated by a series of 60 lantern slides, the lantern being manipulated by Mr. A. R. ‘Hogg. The President, Mr. Joseph Maxwell and Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland made a few brief remarks on the paper, and Mr. Foster having replied to some questions asked, the meeting came to a close with the election of Rev. W. R. Megaw, B.A., and two Junior members. “THE CHURCHES OF RAHOLP AND ARDTOLE IN THE LECALE OF DOWN.” The fourth meeting was held in the Museurn on 2oth February, Mr. Robert May presiding. At the opening of the meeting a sympathetic resolution was passed in silence to the relatives of four members who had died since last meeting. These were the Right Hon. Robert Young, who was one of the original members ; William Gray, who joined the Club in its first year and had done perhaps more for it than any other member; George H. Elliott, who was elected in 1887 ; and John Frame, whose member- ship commenced in 18or. Mr. F. J. Bigger, M.R.I.A., then gave an interesting lecture on two old churches in Lecale, Raholp and St. Nicholas of Ardtole. The lecturer lucidly described the architectural details and peculiarities of these two edifices, and dealt at length with their history and the local social conditions surrounding their origin and use. The church at Raholp was fast hastening to utter ruin, but had now been thoroughly conserved for future generations. It was dedicated to St. Tassach, a disciple of St. Patrick, who was present at that Saint’s death in the adjoining parish of Saul. St. Tassach’s grave was found intact and undisturbed when the work of restoration was in progress. The church of St. Nicholas at Ardtole had also been conserved, and is now a picturesque feature on a height above the ancient harbour of Ardglass. During the work there considerable fragments of the earliest painted glass were found, proving that the great altar window must have been highly beautiful. Experts consider the glass to be probably the 1916-17.] 297 oldest yet found in Ireland, older than the famed window of St. Canice. The lecture was fully illustrated with lantern slides by Mr. A. R. Hogg. Mrs. Gibson having been elected to membership the meeting terminated. ‘“THE APPLICATIONS OF GEOLOGY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL RESOURCES.” The fifth meeting of the Winter session was held in the Biological Lecture Theatre of Queen’s University (by kind permission of the Vice-Chancellor) on zoth March. The Vice- President, Mr. Joseph Maxwell, occupied the chair and, after having thanked Dr. Hamilton on behalf of the Club for the use of the room in which to hold the meeting, he called on Mr. W. B. Wright, B.A., F.G.S., M R.I.A., Delegate from the Irish Field Club Union, to deliver his lecture entitled ‘‘The Applications of Geology to the Development of Mineral Resources.” The lecturer described the search for concealed coal-fields now proceeding in England, and gave an account of the geological reasoning which led up to the discovery of the Kent Coal-field. He then endeavoured to show how a similar train of reasoning can be made to throw light on the possibility of the occurrence of coal beneath the basalt plateau of County Antrim, and indicated the area within which exploration could be carried on with the greatest chances of success. The difficulties which have been encountered in the recent attempts to subdivide the coal-bearing strata into zones, characterised by their fossil contents, was next gone into, and it was shown that all that had been attained was a sort of statistical zoning depending on the relative abundance of certain common species and requiring the collection of a large number of specimens to be in any way effective. Such zoning is of little use in the interpretation of bore-cores. The lecturer concluded with an account of some new evidence bearing on the much discussed question of the origin of the placer or “alluvial” gold of Co. Wicklow. 298 [Proc. B.N.F.C., The lecture was illustrated by a series of lantern slides, the lantern being manipulated by Mr. A. R. Hogg. A hearty vote of thanks was accorded to the lecturer on the motion of Mr. F. A. Heron, seconded by Mr. S. A. Bennett. ANNUAL MEETING. The fifty-fourth Annual Meeting was held in the Museum on 17th April. The Vice-President, Mr. Joseph Maxwell, occupied the chair, and 21 members were present. The Com- mittee’s and Librarian’s Reports were read by Dr. Charlesworth ; the Treasurer’s Statement of Accounts by Mr. Nevin H. Foster ;. the Report of the Botanical Section by Mr. N. Carrothers ; the Report of the Geological Section by Miss E. L. Andrews ; the Report of the Zoological Section by Mr. C. G. Robertson; the Report of the Archzological Section by Mr. Robert May; and the Reports of the Junior Section and Prizes Sub-Committee by Mr. J. A. Sidney Stendall. Dr. Charlesworth submitted his report as Delegate to the Committee of Corresponding Societies of the British Association. On the motion of the Chairman, seconded by Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland, it was resolved that these reports be adopted, printed and circulated as usual. The election of Office-bearers for 1917-18 was then proceeded with, and Major A. R. Dwerryhouse, D.Sc., F.G.S., M.R.LA,, was elected President on the motion of Mr. J. Maxwell, seconded by Miss M. W. Rea; Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland Vice-President on the motion of Mr. N. H. Foster, seconded by Miss S. Blackwood ; Mr. S. M. Macoun Treasurer on the motion of Mr. W. Faren, seconded by Mr, George Donaldson; Mr. Sylvanus Wear Librarian on the motion of Mr. S. C. Black, seconded by Mr. S. M. Macoun; Miss M. W. Rea and Dr. Charlesworth Honorary Secretaries on the motion of Mr. W. A. J. M‘Bretney, seconded by Miss M. Montgomery. Mr. H. Edwards proposed and Mr, G. W. Shaw seconded that the following be Sectional Secretaries— | ee ee ee ee ee 2 ay n e ‘. 4 4 > . 1916-17. 299 Geological Miss E. L. Andrews, Botanical Mr. S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.Sc., Zoological Mr. C. G. Robertson, Archzological Mr. Robert May, Junior Mr. J. A. Sidney Stendall, and Associate Mr. S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.Sc.—and the motion was agreed to. Messrs. N. H. Foster and S. M. Macoun having been appointed scrutineers, a ballot was taken for three Ordinary Members of Committee in lieu of three retiring by rotation, and Messrs. W. B. Burrowes, Joseph Maxwell, J.P. and Joseph Skillen were declared elected. Suggestions for places to be visited on the Summer excursions were put forward ; and it was pointed out that the usual scope of these must for this year be necessarily curtailed as the Railway Companies were unable, under existing circumstances, to give the Club the benefit of excursion fares. Messrs. S. C. Porter, B.L., and W. Keiller having been elected ordinary members, the proceedings terminated with the passing of a vote of thanks, on the motion of Mr. J. A. S. Stendall, seconded by Mr. G. Donaldson, to Mr. N. H. Foster for his services to the Club during the past fourteen years. 300 [Proc. B.N, FO, RULES OF THE Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. As amended at General Meeting held 4th April, 1916. Ly, That the Society be called ‘‘THe Betrast NatTurAuists’ Firnp Cros.” Tae That the object of this Society be the practical study of Natural Science and Archeology in Ireland. III. That the Club shall consist of Ordinary, Associate, Junior, Life, Corres- ponding and Honorary Members. The Ordinary Members shall be proposed and seconded at any meeting of the Club and elected by a majority of votes of the members present. They shall pay annually a subscription of Five Shillings and shall, on election, pay an entrance fee of Five Shillings. That the composition fee for Life Membership be Four Guineas. Associate Members, who must be between the ages of 17 and 21, shall be elected in the same way as Ordinary Members, but shall pay annually a subscription of Two Shillings and Sixpence (2/6), and shall be exempt from entrance fee. Associate Members shall not receive any printed matter except the usual notices ; shall not have the power to vote; and shall not borrow books from the Club’s Library without special permission from the Librarian. On attaining their majority they shall become Ordinary Members and shall pay an annual subscription of Five Shillings. Junior Members, who must be under 17 years of age, shall be elected in the same way as Ordinary and Associate Members, but shall pay annually a subscription of One Shilling (1/-) to the Secretary of the Junior Section and shall be exempt from entrance fee. Junior Members shall not receive any printed matter except notices sent out by the Secretary of the Junior Section ; shall not have the power to vote; and shall not borrow books from the Club’s Library without special permission from the Librarian. On attaining the age of 17 years Junior Members shall become Associate Members, and shall pay an annual subscription of Two Shillings and Sixpence. IV. That the Honorary and Corresponding Members shall consist of persons of eminence in Natural Science, or who shall have done some special service to the Club; and whose usual residence is not less than twenty miles from Belfast. e } a = 5 a s i That such Members may be nominated by any Member of the Club, and on _heing approved by the Committee, may be elected at any subsequent Meeting of; the. Club by a majority of the votes of the Members present, That Corresponding Members be expected to communicate a paper once within every two years. re V. That the Officers of the Club be annually elected and consist of a President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Librarian, and one or two Secretaries, together with the Secretaries of the various Sections of the Club. ‘That the office of President or that of Vice-President shall not be held by the same person for more than two years in succession. VI. That the General Committee shall consist of the above-named officers with nine ordinary members of Committee, and shall hold at least eight meetings during the year; five persons to form a quorum. That three ordinary members of Committee shall retire annually in order of seniority, those retiring being ineligible for re-election for one year. Should any ordinary member of Committee fail to attend at least three of the Committee meetings held during the year his or her-place may be considered vacant and another member elected to fill the position. No ordinary member of Committee shall hold the post of Secretary in any of the Sections. That in the event of a vacancy occurring in the General Committee a new member may be co-opted to fill such vacancy for the remainder of the year, That nominations for ordinary members of Committee shall be sent in writing to the Secretaries on or before the 21st day of March in each year. That the privilege of nominating members of Committee shall be held by all Ordinary and Life Members of the Club. That the names of those members so nominated shall be published on the circular convening the Annual Meeting, at which the Ordinary Members of Committee sha!l be elected by ballot. That should the necessity arise the retiring members of Committee shall be balloted for. VeETe The Committee may from year to year appoint Sectional Committees as may be considered desirable to further original investigations in any one or more departments of the Club’s work. Each Sectional Committee to be composed of six members of the Club. No financial responsibility to be incurred by the Sub-Committee or any Officer of the Club without the previous approval of the Club’s Committee. The Chairman of such Section to be annually appointed by the General Committee. WAY That the members of the Club shall hold at least Six Field Meetings during the year, in the most interesting localities, for investigating the Natural History and Archeology of Ireland. That the place of meeting be fixed by the ‘Committee, and that five days’ notice of each Excursion be communicated to Members by the Secretaries. 302 [Proc. B.N.F.C., IX. That Meetings be held Fortnightly or Monthly, at the discretion of the Committee, for the purpose of reading papers; such papers as far as possible, to be original and to treat of the Natural History and Archeology of the district. These Meetings to be held during the months from November till April inclusive. X. That the Committee shall, if they find it advisable, offer for competition Prizes for the best collections of scientific objects of the district; and the Committee may order the purchase of maps, or other scientific apparatus, and may carry on geological and archeological searches or excavations, if deemed advisable, provided that the entire amount expended under this rule does not exceed the sum of £10 in any one year. That the General Committee may offer from time to time such prize or prizes as they may deem desirable for competition among Schools in or near Belfast. XI. That the Annual Meeting be held during the month of April, when the Report of the Committee for the past year, and the Treasurer’s Financial Statement shall be presented, the Committee and Officers elected, Bye-laws made and altered, and any proposed alterations in the general laws, of which a fortnight’s notice shall have been given, in writing, to the Secretary or Secretaries, considered and decided upon. The Secretaries to give the Members due notice of each intended alteration. XII. Members of other Irish Field Clubs, residing temporarily or permanently in or near Belfast, may be enrolled as Members of the Club without election or entrance fee on production of a voucher of membership of another Club, and without subscription for the current year, on production of a receipt showing that such subscription has been paid to another Club. Failing the production of such receipt, the usual subscription for the current year to be paid to the Treasurer on enrolment. The names of Members so admitted to the Club to be published with the notice of meeting following the date of their enrolment. XIII. That, on the written requisition of twenty-five Members, delivered to the Secretaries, an Extraordinary General Meeting may be called, to consider and decide upon the subject mentioned in such written requisition. XIV. That the Committee may be empowered to exchange publications and reports, and to extend the privilege of attending the Meetings and Excursions of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club to Members of kindred societies, on similar privileges being accorded to its Members by such other societies. 1916-17.} 303 RULES FOR THE CONDUCTING OF EXCURSIONS. I. The excursion to be open to all Members, each one to have the privilege of introducing two friends. II. A Chairman to be elected as at ordinary meetings. III. One of the Secretaries to act as Conductor, or, in the absence of both, a Member to be elected for that purpose. IV. No change to be made in the programme, or extra expense incurred, except by the consent of the majority of the Members present. V. No fees, gratuities, or other expenses to be paid except through the ‘Conductor. VI. Every Member or Visitor to have the accommodation assigned by the Conductor. Where accommodation is limited, consideration will be given to priority of application. VII. Accommodation cannot be promised unless tickets are obtained before the time mentioned in the special circular. VIII. Those who attend an excursion without previous notice will be liable to extra charge, if extra cost is incurred thereby. IX. No intoxicating liquors to be provided at the expense of the Club. aN 304 (Proc. B.N.F.C Exchanges of Proceedings, 1916=17. Aberdeen—Working Men’s Nat. Hist. and Scientific Society. Transactions, Vol. ITT., No. 5. Bournemouth—Natural Science Society. Vol. VI., Report for 1913-14; Vol. VII., Proceedings, 1914-15 ; Natural History of Bournemouth and District. Birmingham—Nat. Hist. and Phil. Society. Proceedings, Vol. XIV., Part 1; Annual Report for 1915. Brighton and Hove—Nat. Hist. and Phil. Society. Annual Report for 1915-16. Canadian Institute. Title Page of Transactions, Vol. X. Transactions, Vol. XI., Part 1. Chester—Society of Natural Science, Lit. and Art. Report and Proceedings for 1914-15; and for 1915-16. Dublin—Royal Irish Academy. Proceedings, Vol. XX XII., Sec. B., Nos. 9, 10, 11, 12. - BA sf Sec. C., No 21. Title Page for Vol. XXXII. es Ay) ekOXCXGD Secs Nosh lar ourot a a Sec, ©.; Nos. 1, 2) 3/1455; 6; 7.8, S10; Awe Abstract of Minutes for 1915-16. * Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Journal, Vol. XLV., Part 4; Index of same. 7 a iy te Parts 1, 2. Eastbourne—Natural History, Phot. and Lit. Society. Transactions and Journal], Vol. VI., Nos. 12, 13, 14. Glasgow—Geological Society of— Transactions, Vol. XV., Part 3. Leyden—Rijks Ethnographisch Museum. Report for 1914-15. Liverpool—Naturalists’ Field Club. Proceedings for 1915. ‘5 Geological Society. Proceedings, Vol. XII., Part 3. 1916-17.) 3° London—British Association. Report for 1915, Manchester Meeting. Report of Committee on Popular Science Lectures. Geologists’ Association. Proceedings, Vol. XX VII., Parts 1, 2, 3. Linnean Society of— Proceedings from 1874-5 till 1914-15, Manchester— Microscopical Society. Annual Report and Transactions for 1915, Marlborough—College Natural History Society. Report for 1915, North Staffordshire— Field Club, Transactions for 1915-16. Nova Scotia——Institute of Science. Proceedings and Transactions, Vol. XIV., Part 2. Norwich—Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. Proceedings, Vol. II., Part 2, Oxfordshire—Ashmolean Natural History Society of— Proceedings and Report for 1915. Perthshire—Society of Natural Science, Transactions and Proceedings, Vol. VI., Part 3. Stavanger— Museum. Aarshefte for 1915. Torquay—Natural History Society. U.S.A.—California D Journal, Vol. II., No. 2. Academy of Sciences, Proceedings, Vol. V., Nos. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. hier ys ily INOSn lords 400s 72 Chapel Hill, N.C.—Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Journal, Vol. XX XII., Nos. 1, 2, 3. Chicago—Field Museum of Natural History. Annual Report, Vol. V., No. 1. Cincinnati— Lloyd’s Library. Bibliographical Contributions, Nos. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, Synopsis of Section Apus of Genus Polyporus. Medford, Mass.—Tuft’s College Studies. Scientific Series, Vol. IV., Nos. 3 and 4, Milwaukee, City of —Public Museum. Annual Report for 1910-11. 306 [Proc. B.N.F.C., U.S.A.—Missouri—Public Garden. Bulletin,}Vol. IV., Nos. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. oF Lr wNorelae fe Pee Vo, a uNOT ole nm New York—Academy of Sciences. Annals, Vol. XXIV., pp. 171-318 ; 319-346 ; 347-443. * », XXVI., pp. 215-315; 317-383; 385-394 ; 395-486. ae » OXWVIL, 1-15; 17-22; 23-29; 31-38; 39-191. us Philadelphia—Academy of Natural Sciences of— Proceedings, Vol. LX VII., Parts 2, 3. 99 > LoaxViliit. Parts 1, 2: sf Washington—Geological Survey. Bulletins, 554, 559, 560, 563, 565-569, 573, 582, 587, 589, 591, 593- 596, 598, 601-619, 622,.623, 626, 628, 629, 632-634, 580 (L.P.), 581 (H.), 620 (A. to P.), 621 (A. to E., G. to P.), 640 (A B., C.), 641 (A.). Water Supply Papers, 312, 331, 332, 338, 341-343, 349-359, 365, 367-374, 376-379, 383, 385, 388, 397, 399, 340 (F. to L. ), 345 (H., I.), 375 (A. to G.), 400 (A Professional Papers, 87, 88, 89, 90 (L. to L.), 95 (A. to I.), 98 (A. to H.). : Monographs, 53, 54. Mineral Resources, 1914, Part 1, Nos. 1, 3 to 26, and Summary. r 5 1914, Part 2, Nos. 1 to 34. a e 1915, Part 1, Nos. 1, 2, and Summary. 1915, Part 2, Nos. 1 to 11. Annual Report for 1914-15. Publications of U.S. Geological Survey, March, 1915. ir Washington—Government Printing Offices. Smithsonian Reports, 2335, 2337 to 2343, 2349. Museum Report for 1914-15, se Washington—U.S. Department of Agriculture. Bulletins, 107, 205, 217. Farmer’s Bulletins, 609, 621, 630. Year Book, Separate Nos., 642, 659. “ Wisconsin Academy, Trans., Vol. XVIII., Part 1. 1916-17.] 307 List of Members. Any change in the Address of Members should be at once notified to the Secretaries by Post Card. The Dates prefixed to Members’ names signify date of Election. O stands for an Original Member who signed the requisition for the formation of the Club in 1863. —_e—<>—_e—___ Hon. WMemféers. 1877. Lapworth, Professor Charles, LL.D., F.R.S., The University, Birmingham. 1904. Plunkett, Thomas, M.K.I.A., Enniskillen. 1902. Scharff, Robert F., B.Sc., Ph.D., F.L.S., M.R.I.A., National Museum, Kildare Street, Dublin. Corresponding Member. O Holden, J. S., M.D., Sudbury, Suffolk. Rife (MemBers. 1894. Ewart, Sir W. Q., Bart., Glenmachan, Strandtown. 1903. Stelfox, A. W., A.R.I.B.A., M.R.1I.A., Ballymagee, Bangor. 1893. Wilson, Alec G., J.P., M.R.I.A., Belvoir Park. Ordinary Members. 1907. Adams, Rev. W. A., B.A., Antrim. 1915. Aird, Hugh, 16 Fitzwilliam Avenue. 1892. Allibon, George H., 19 Short Strand. 1904. Allingham, Robert, Glencar, Banbridge. 1866. Anderson, Sir Robert, Bart., J.P., Donegall Place. 1911. Anderson, Miss Sarah, 4 Church View, Holywood. 1882. Andrew, J. J., L.D.S., University Square. : 1892. Andrews, Miss E., 12 College Gardens. 1912. Andrews, Miss E. L., Inla, Comber. 1911. Andrews, Miss M. A., 50 Eglantine Avenue. 1912. Andrews, Dr. Marion B., 17 University Square. 1913. Andrews, Michael C., 17 University Square. 1916. Baillie, Robert, Ellerslie, Ravenhill Park. 1907. Baillie, W. T., Marathon, Green Road, Knock. 1901. Barrett, J. H., Farnham Road, Bangor. 1915. 1905. 1913. 1896. 1893. 1909. 1908. 1895. 1884. 1914. 1916. 1898. 1911. 1914. 1904. 1893. 1913. 1894. 1916. 1904. 1883. 1863. 1883. 1874. 1876. 1899. 1903. 1909. 1916, 1916. 1904. 1892. 892. 1914. 1907. 1914. 1901. 1904. 1894. 1894. 1890. 1893. 1904. 1914. 1906. 1913. 1884. 308 [Proc. B.N.F.C.; Beattie, John Carson, Deaf and Dumb Institution, }Lisburn Road. Beck, Miss, 1 Derryvolgie Avenue. Bell, D. M., 22 Cyprus Avenue. Bell, E. George, Solitude, Lurgan. Bell, Robert, 64 Newington Avenue. Bennett, Edward, Forth River Mill. Bennett, S. A., B.A., B.Se., Campbell College. Berry, Lt-Col. R. G., M.R.I.A., The Castle, Richhill. Bigger, Francis J., M.R.I.A., Ardrigh, Antrim?Road. Bird, Miss, 50 Redcliffe Gardens, South Kensington, London. Black, S. C., 15 College Gardens. Blackwood, Miss 8., 6 College Green. Blackwood, Miss M. A., 6 College Green. Blair, Miss, B.Sc., Victoria College. Boyce, Joseph, 16 Wolseley Street. Boyd, Miss, The Elm Trees, St. Edward’s Road, Southsea. Boyd, Miss A., Carntual, Carnmoney. Boyd, W. C.. J.P., Hazelbank Villa, Ravenscroft*A venue. Bradley, Miss L. I., Haypark House, Knock. Braithwaite, W. T., 14 Botanic Avenue. Brandon, Hugh B., J.P., 2 Wellington Place. Brett, Sir Charles H., Gretton Villa South. Brown, Thomas, J.P., 102 Donegall Street. Browne, W. J., M.A., M.R.1I.A., Glen Alta, Londonderry. Bulla, Charles, 272 Lisburn Road. Burrowes, W. B., Ballynafeigh House. Campbell, D. C., J.P., M.B.O.U., Templemore Park, Londonderry. Campbell, John, Albert Brickworks, Carrickfergus. Campbell, John, Hollymount, 194 Antrim Road. Capper, J. Malcolm, 14 Linenhall Street. Carmody, Rev. Canon W. P., Newtownbreda. Carrothers, Nathaniel, 145 Stranmillis Road, Carson, J. C., 8 Wellington Place. Carter, C. 8., 28 Waring Street. Chambers, W., 3 Custom House Square. Charlesworth, John K., M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.8., Queen’s University. Cheyne, H. H,, Roseneath, Bangor, Clarke, Mrs. John, 1la Wellington Park. Cleland, Alex. M‘I., Macedon, Green Road, Knock. Cleland, Mrs. Annie, Macedon, Green Road, Knock. Cleland, James A., Bernagh West, Malone Park. Cleland, W. W., Osborne House, Osborne Park. Cocking, Miss C. E., 19 Glebe Road, Huddersfield. Corrigan, Chas., 183 Royal Avenue. Cowie, James, Midland Railway Co, Cunningham, Miss M. H., Glencairn, Belfast. Cunningham, Samuel, Fernhill. 1916-17.) 1916. 1905. 1904. 1915. 1891. 1915. 1891. O 1907. 1909. 1916. 1916. 1908, 1912. 1909. 1916. 1916. 1884, 1887. 1912. 1868. 1912. 1913. 1897. 1906. 1899. 1899. 1903. 1911. 1909. 1915. 1891. 1892. 1904. 1891. 1892. 1916. 1893. 1917. 1905. 1885. 399 Davis, Miss E. C., Lauraville, Balmoral. Dawson, R. A., A.R.C.A., Inniskeen, Holywood. Deane, Arthur, Municipal Museum, Royal Avenue. Denby, Miss Alice M., Evetide, Westland Gardens. D’Evelyn, Alex. M., M.D., Ballymena. Dick, Miss M. E., M.A., Wynstay, Rosetta Park. Dickson, John M., 28 Wellington Park. Donaldson, George, 1 Prospect Street. Doran, John, J.P., Dunottar, Malone Road. Drummond, Miss. Ina, 39 Atlantic Avenue. Duffin, Miss Mabel W., B.Sc., Rokeby, Deramore Park. Dunbar, Rev. Kenneth, The Manse, Comber. Duncan, William, The Cottage, Knutsford Drive. Dunlop, T. W., Scarva. Dwerryhouse, Major A. R., D.Sc, F.G.S., M.R.1.A., Queen’s University. Edwards, Herbert, 54 Ulsterville Avenue. Edwards, Mrs., 54 Ulsterville Avenue. Elliott, David, B.A., J.P., Ardroe, Bloomfield. Elliott, George H. (the late), Bryndhu, Holywood. Erskine, Mrs., Claremont, Holywood. Faren, W., 11 Mountcharles. Ferguson, Mrs., St. Helen’s, Holland Park, Knock. Ferguson, Samuel, St. Helen’s, Holland Park, Knock. Finlay, Miss, St. Hilda’s East, 3 Old Nichol Street, Bethnal Green, London. Finlay, Arch. H., Willesden, Holywood. Forth, Capt. Francis C., F.R.C.Sc.I., Technical Institute. Foster, Nevin H., F.L.S8., M.R.I.A., M.B.0.U., Hillsborough. Foster, Mrs. N. H., Hillsborough. Foster, Miss, Hillsborough. Foster, Miss, Maryville Park, Balmoral. Frackelton, Miss H. M., 102 Upper Newtownards Road. Frame, John (the late), Alfred Street. Fulton, David, Arlington, Windsor Avenue. Gaffikin, William, J.P., Notting Hill. Galloway, Joseph, 50 Eglantine Avenue. Gamble, Miss, Lorne, Craigavad. Gibb, Miss C., 7 Claremont Street. Gibson, Andrew, Lansdowne Road. Gibson, Mrs., Bonnington, Lansdowne Road. Glover, James, Seaview, Kirkcubbin. Godwin, William, Queen Street. 1892. 1895, 1905. 1912. 1901. 1901. 1901. 1901. 1908. 1907. 1883. 1908. 1877. 1916. 1916. 1915. 1915. 1908. 1915. 1876. 1905. 1895. 1908. 1905. 1904. 1906. 1911. 1914. 1891. 1892. 1909. 1914. 1901. 1906. 1916. 1916. 1899. 1886. 1915. 1868. 1877. 310 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Green, Mrs. Isaac, Hawthornden, Knock. Green, Wm. A., 4 Salisbury Terrace, Chichester Park. Greenfield, Miss M., Beach Cottage, Waterloo, Larne. Greenfield, Mrs. T. K., 8 High Street, Holywood. Greeves, J. Theodore, Nendrum, Knockdene Park. Greeves, W. Leopold, Ormeau Avenue. Greeves, Fergus M., Rydal Mount, Knock. Gullan, H. F., City Hall. Hadden, Mrs., Magharee, Portadown. Hadden, Dr. Robert E., Ardralla, Portadown. Hamilton, Rev. T., D.D., LL. D., Vice-Chancellor, Queen’s University. Hamilton, Miss, 5 Church Avenue, Holywood. Hamilton, John, 5 Church Avenue, Holywood. Hamilton, J. Erik, M.Sc., F.Z.S., Queen’s University. Harper, V. M., B.A., Campbell College. Hawthorne, Rev. Samuel, B.A., Helen’s Bay. Hawthorne, Miss, Helen’s Bay. Henry, F. W., Ye Olde Castle, Castle Place. Herdman, Miss EK. W., Fountainville, University Road. Heron, F. A., Cultra, Holywood. Hobson, Mrs., Marino. Hogg, A. R., 13 Trinity Street. Hogg, D. J., 16 Kansas Avenue. Holland, Miss, 33 Wellington Park. Holland, Frank, 76 Eglantine Avenue. Hopkirk, F. G., Midland Railway Co. Houston, Miss, Lisheen, Sans Souci Park. Houston, James Dick, Northern Bank, Lurgan. Jackson, A. T., 8 Derryvolgie Avenue. Jafté, Lady, Kinedar, Strandtown. Jenkins, W. A., 6 Elmwood Terrace. Jenkinson, Hy., 29 Rosemary Street. Johnson, Kev. W. F., M.A., F.E.S., M.R.I.A., Acton Glebe, Poyntzpass. Johnston, F. W., The Cottage, Cultra. Johnston, Miss M. B., Beechville, Glenburn Park. Johnstone, Mrs., Riverside, Holywood. Killen, William, 22 Waring Street. Kirkpatrick, F., 27 Oxford Street. Kirkpatrick, W. H., 29 Rugby Road. Knowles, W. J., M.R.I.A., Flixton Place 8., Ballymena. Kyle, R. A., 15 Wellington Park. 1916-17,] 1916. 1901. 1915. 1912. 1877. 1899. 1915. 1893. 1908. 1910. 1916. 1915. 1905. 1903. 1913. 1864. 1914. 1915. 1915. 1904. 1905. 1912. 1901. 1876. 1905. 1899. 1899. 1901. 1901. 1913. 1914. 1880. 1891. 1897. 1916. 1915. 1892. 1908. 1903. 1893. 1903. 1903. 1917. 1906, 1907. 1901. 311 Lacy, Edwin, 46 Victoria Gardens, Chichester Park. Larmor, H. G., J.P., Lisburn. Lawrie, Thomas, East Bridge Street. Ledgerwood, N. J., J.P., 10 Wellington Park. Lett, Rev. Canon H. W., M.A., M.R.I.A., Aghaderg’;Glebe. Loughbrickland. Lindsay, Professor, M.D., 3 Queen’s Elms, Lindsay, Mrs., Roywood, Balmoral. Lowry, D. 1i., 25 Donegall Place. Lowry, James, Llewellyn Avenue, Lisburn. Lowry, Miss L., Hazelwood, Bloomfield. MacCallum, H., Flowerfield, Lisburn. MacCarthy, Mrs., Freshford, Knock. MacCleary, A., Kensington Hotel, College Square East. Macllwaine, Capt. J. E., M.D., 26 College Gardens. Maclliwaine, Robert, Court House, Downpatrick. MacKenzie, John, C.E. (the late), 2 Wellington Place. MacLaine, Lachlan, Rathaline, Annadale Avenue. Maconachie, Rev. D. H., B.A., B.D., The Manse, Holywood. Maconachie, Mrs., The Manse, Holywood. Macoun, John, R., Woodlands, Malone Park. Macoun, Mrs., Clanrolla, Windsor Park. Macoun, Stephenson R., Clanrolla, Windsor Park. MacRea, Kenneth, Balmoral. Major, Rev. J. J., Doagh. Malcolm, Miss Susan, Downshire Road, Holywood. Malcolmson, Walter, Cran-y-gael, Osborne Gardens. Malcolmson, J. G. B., Cairnburn, Strandtown. Malcolmson, Herbert T., M.B.O.U., 32 Arthur Street. Malcolmson, Joseph, 32 Arthur Street. Manning, J. B., Windsor Avenue, Bangor. Manning, J. W., Slieve Donard Hotel, Newcastle. Marsh, Mrs., Glenlyon, Holywood. Marshall, H. C., Bryansburn Road, Bangor. Masaroon, Mrs., 39 Charles Street, Berkhamsted, Herts. Masterson, Miss, 93 Wellesley Avenue. Mawdsley, Miss, Macedon, Green Road, Knock. Maxton, James, Ulster Street. Maxwell, Henry, Dunalbine, Deramore Park. Maxwell, Joseph, J.P., 3 Royal Terrace, Whitehead. May, Robert, 40 Hopefield Avenue. Maybin, Hugh, B.A., Intermediate School, Lisburn. Mayne, H. Horner, 24 Elmwood Avenue. Megaw, Rev. W. R., B.A., Trinity Manse, Ahoghill. Millar, Thomas O., 306 Antrim Road. Milligan, Miss, Lisnamaul, Ormeau Road. Milne, J. N., Westbank, Partickhill Road, Glasgow. 312 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Mitchell, Miss M. W. H., B.Sc., Anahilt Manse, Hillsborough. Montgomery, H. C., 40 Rosemary Street. Montgomery, Miss E. 8., 26 College Green. Montgomery, Miss Jane E., 8 Sandhurst Road. Montgomery, Miss Mollie, 8 Sandhurst Road. Moore, Frank, F.E.1.S., Home-Lyn, Marlborough Park N. Morris, A., M.P.S.1., 130 Ravenhill Road. Morrison, A., Cherrydene, Knock. Muir, Mrs., Craig Royston, Castle Park. Muir, A. H., Craig Royston, Castle Park. Munce, W. B., Rosemary Street. Murphy, Miss Mabel, Rosemount, Longford. M‘Bretney, W. A. J., 31 Haypark Avenue. M‘Cance, James, 2 Haston Terrace. M‘Cance, Stouppe, 3 Markham Square, London, S.W. M‘Cleery, H., 20 Franklin Street. M‘Cleery, J. O., Ava House, Old Cavehill Road. M‘Connell, James, J.P., Stranmillis House. M‘Connell, Miss, Stranmillis House. M‘Crum, Mrs., Ballyvesey, Carnmoney. M‘Dowell, Miss, 7 Lower Crescent. M‘Kean, Edward John, B.A., B.L., Rosaville, Fortwilliam Park. M'‘Kinney, W. F. (the late), Sentry Hill, Carnmoney. M‘Kinney, Miss, Sentry Hill, Carnmoney. M‘Millan, W., J.P., 830 Ashley Avenue. Orr, James, 17 Garfield Street. Patchell, Mrs., 45 Malone Avenue. Patchell, Miss, 45 Malone Avenue. Patterson, D, C., Glenard, Holywood. Patterson, Robert, F.L.S., M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U., Glenbank, Holywood. Patterson, W. H., M.R.I.A., Garranard, Strandtown. Phillips, Wm. H., Lemonfield, Holywood. Pim, John, J.P., Bonaven, Antrim Road. Pim, Thos. W., 21 Victoria Street. Pim, Joshua, 6 Donegall Square South. Pim, W. R., Lisnagarvey, Lisburn. Pim, Mrs. J. N. R., Oglesgrove, Hillsborough. Pooler, Rev. Chas. K., B.D., M.R.1.A., Strangford. Porter, F. A., Queen’s Square. Porter, William, Beechview, Balmoral Avenue. Praeger, E. A., Cultra, Holywood. Praeger, R. Ll, B.A., B.E., M.R.I.A., National Library, Kildare Street, Dublin. 1916-17.) 313 1901. Rankin, Will, Gordonall, Myrtlefield Park. 1904. Rankin, Mrs., Gordonall, Myrtlefield Park. 1907. Rea, Miss M. W., Salem House, Sydenham. 1916. Rea, Miss L. C., Salem House, Sydenham. 1907. Rentoul, Dr., J.P., Lisburn. 1907. Riddel, Mrs., Donegall Park Avenue. 1913. Ritchie, Miss Frances, B.Sc., Anaghlone, Banbridge. 1903. Robb, H. M., 44 Ulsterville Avenue. 1916. Robb, Mrs., 21 Rugby Road. 1907. Robertson, C. G., Mountview, Cregagh. 1909. Russell, Nelson, Lisburn. 1916. Rutledge, Miss Ethel J., B.Sc., 92 North Parade. 1913. Ryan, Miss C., M.A., 32 Pembroke Road, Dublin, 1911. Ryves, Miss, Richmond Lodge, Malone Road. 1899. Sandes, Robert, Chorlton, Adelaide Park. 1913. Savage, W. E. J., Lincoln Avenue. ; 1907. Scott, Thos., J.P., Hannaville, Greenisland. 1903. Sefton, Burton, St. Aubyn’s, Deramore Drive. 1911. Shaw, G. W., Ulster Bank, York Street. 1905. Sheils, Rev. John F., Saintfield. 1890. Skillen, Joseph, Claremount, Ballymena. 1868. Speers, Adam, J.P., B.Sc., Holywood. 1893. Stears, Samuel M., 6 Rosetta Avenue. 1893. Steele, Miss, Dooneen, Marlborough Park. 1910. Stelfox, Mrs. A. W., B.Sc., A.R.C.Sc,I., Ballymagee, Bangor. 1911. Stendall, J. A. Sidney, Municipal Museum. 1904. Stephens, John Kyle, J.P., 13 Donegall Square North. 1894. Stewart, W. J., Ormeau Road. 1909. Stokes, W. J., Malone Park. 1866. Swanston, William, F.G.S., 4a Cliftonville Avenue. 1893. Symington, Prof., M.D., F.R.S., Queen’s University. 1871. Todd, John, J.P., Clarinda, Fortwilliam Park. 1901. Tomlinson, W. J. C,, 17 Glandore Gardens. 1875. Traill, W. A., M.A.,Ing., Bushmills. 1915. Turkington, Miss Mabel, 19 University Avenue. 1904. Turtle, William Haydock, Malone Park. 1909. Turtle, Mrs. Herbert, Rosemount, Knock. 1879. Waddell, Rev. C. H., M.A., B.D., M.R.I.A., The Rectory, Greyabbey. 1906. Wakeman, W. J., C.E., 117 Cavehill Road. 1894. Walsh, Robert, Ashestiel, University Road. 1893. Walker, W. J. D., C.B., The Sycamores, Drogheda. 314 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Walker, Miss, 44 Elmwood Avenue. Walkington, Miss, LL.D., Strandtown. Walkington, G. B., Gracecourt, Malone Park. Walkington, Mrs., Oatlands, Ballinderry. Ward, Miss K., Albertville, Sydenham. Wardell, Miss (the late), 4 Fitzwilliam Avenue. Watson, John G., The Maples, King’s Road, Knock. Wear, Sylvanus, 19 Hopefield Avenue. Welch, Robert J., M.R.I.A., 49 Lonsdale Street. Whitla, Sir William, M.D., College Square North. Wilson, George, 9 Bedford Street. Wilson, Prof. Gregg, M.A., D.Se., M.R.I.A., Queen’s University. Wilson, Mrs., Deramore Park. Woollcombe, Robt. Lloyd, M.A., LL.D. (Dublin University), F.I. Inst., F.R.C.Inst., F.R.G.S., F.R.E.S., F.S.S., M.R.1LA., 14 Waterloo Road, Dublin. Workman, Rev. R., M.A., Crusheen, Cadogan Park. Workman, W. H., M.B.O.U., Lismore, Windsor Avenue. Wright, Joseph, F.G.S., 10 May Street, Yapp, Prof. R. H., M.A., Queen’s University. Young, Rt. Hon. Robert, J.P., C.E. (the late), Rathvarna, Chichester Park. AN a —eT 1916-17.] 315 @assoctafe Members. 1911. Blackwood, C. V. R., Clanrye School, 8 Osborne Gardens. 1911. Browne, George B., 356 Ormeau Road. 1912. Dundee, Miss Bessie, Hillmount, Carnmoney. 1916. Dunsire, David A., 29 Bloomfield Avenue. 1912. Forth, Miss Dorothy, Ravenswood, Knockbreda Park. 1911. Foster, Miss A. B., Hillsborough. 1913. Gardner, Miss Nettie H., Hawthornden Road, Knock. 1916. Glasgow, Miss Jeanette, Kinallen Manse, Dromara. 1915. Hall, Miss G. M., Upper Falls Rectory, Dunmurry. 1913. Humphreys, Miss Norah, Lynford, Osborne Park. 1915. Hunter, Miss Katie, Waterford Terrace, Coleraine. 1916. Kay, Miss M. P., Burnside, Bangor. 1916. Lawther, Miss M. J. V., Scout Bush, Troopers’ Lane, Carrickfergus. 1915. Leathem, Miss M., 4 Gordon Terrace, Agincourt Avenue. 1916. Lee, Richard, 65 Wellesley Avenue. 1916. Lees, Miss Susie L., Drumadoon, Castle Park. 1916. Lyon, Miss M. I., Adelaide Terrace, Coleraine. 1911. Maxwell, Miss Olive, 3 Royal Terrace, Whitehead. 1911. Maxwell, Miss Kathleen, 3 Royal Terrace, Whitehead. 1915. Milligan, Arthur G., The Grange, Annadale. 1915. Montgomery, Edward, 120 Eglantine Avenue. 1912. M‘Clelland, Ernest W., 79 Kansas Avenue. 1914. M'‘Kay, Miss BE. W., B.Sc., Ardbana Terrace, Coleraine. 1912. M‘Meekin, Miss A. Moyra, Sunnyside, Carnmoney. 1916. Shaw, Miss Winnie, Grotli, Salisbury Gardens. 1916. Silcock, Miss Emma A., Railway Street, Lisburn. 1915. Smith, Miss I. D., Mount Royal, Banbridge. 1916. Stewart, Miss L. K., Boghill, Coleraine. 1915. Warren, Mrs., B.Sc., Bridge Street, Banbridge. 316 (Proc. B.N.F.C., Zunior Members. Armstrong, Dorothy, Corlea, Somerton Road. Armstrong, Edward, Corlea, Somerton Road. Bell, Emma, Cressington, Rosetta Park. Cunningham, Josias, M.B.O.U., Fernhill, Belfast. Dawson, Brian, Baythorpe, Holywood. Deane, Archibald, 7 Victoria Crescent, Ravenhill Road. Deane, John, 7 Victoria Crescent, Ravenhill Road. Deane, Lindsay, 7 Victoria Crescent, Ravenhill Road. Elliott, G. Gilbert, Bryndhu, Holywood. Ferguson, Noreen, Glenfield Place, Ormeau Road. Ferguson, Olive, Glenfield Place, Ormeau Road. Fulton, Dorothy, Laurel Bank, Woodvale Road. George, Alfred, 22 Thorndale Avenue. Gilmour, Humphrey, Knocknarea, Kensington Road. Gourlay, Jack, 18 Willowbank Street. Macauley, Maurice, 42 Castleton Gardens. Mayne, A. E., 24 Elmwood Avenue. Mayne, Betty, 24 Elmwood Avenue. Morton, Walter E., 65 Ulsterville Avenue. Mussen, Robt. W., 60 Eglantine Avenue. McConnell, Mabel, 20 Stranmillis Road. Paul, Samuel, Museum, College Square North. Sloan, Kathleen, Anneville, North Road. Stephenson, Kathleen, 2 College Park E. Troughton, Nunda, Ashtonville, Rosetta Park. Turner, Reginald, Lisvarna, Hawthornden Road. Turner, Winnie, Lisvarna, Hawthornden Road. Twaddell, Amy, Nashville, Malone Park. Walsh, Dodo, Albertville, Sydenham. Young, Carrie, Moyrusk, Marlborough Park. 1916-17.] 207 BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-FIFTH YEAR, 1917-18. GENERAL COMMITTEE. President: MAJOR ARTHUR R. DWERRYHOUSE, D.sc., F.G.8., M.B.I.A. Vice-President: A. M'‘'T. CLELAND. Treasurer: S. M. MACOUN, Cranrotia, WINDSOR PARK, BELFAST. Librarian: SYLVANUS WEAR, 19, Horrrietp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Secretaries: MISS M. W. REA, Satem Houss, SypgnHAM, BeE.Lrast, J. K. CHARLESWORTH, M:sce., Ph.b., F.G.S., QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY, BELFAST, Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: S. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.sc., CAMPBELL COLLEGE, BELFAST, Hon. Sec. Geological Section: MISS E. L. ANDREWS, Inia, Comper. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: C. G. ROBERTSON, Mountvirw, Crecacu, BELFAstT. Hon. Sec. Archzological Section: ROBERT MAY, 40, Hoprrietp AVENUE, BELFAsT. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL, Tuer Museum, Cotuece Sa. N., Benrast. Hon. Sec. Associate Section: S. A. BENNETT, B.4., B.sc., CAMPBELL COLLEGE, BELFAST. Ordinary Members of Committee: Retire 1918. Retire 1919. Retire 1920. Miss 8. Blackwood. N. Carrothers. W. B. Burrowes. R. J. Welch, M.R.2.A. A. M‘I. Cleland. Joseph Maxwell, J.P, Prof. R. H. Yapp, M.A. k. Ll. Praeger, B.A., Joseph Skillen. BE., M.R.I.A. 3 I 8 [Proc. B.N. BG 1916-17. ] SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. 1917-18. BOTANICAL SECTION. REV. C. H. WADDELL, B.b., m.R.1.4., Chairman. N. CARROTHERS. S. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.8c., W. A. J. M‘BRETNEY. Hon. Sec. of the Sectton, S. WEAR. Campbell College, PROF. R. H. YAPP, m.a. Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. MAJOR A. R. DWERRYHOUSE, p.sc., ¥.G.S., M.R.1.A., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. MISS E. L. ANDREWS, J. K. CHARLESWORTH, Hon. Sec. of the Section, M.S¢C., Ph.D., F.G.S. TInla, MISS M. W. REA. Comber. _W. J. C. TOMLINSON. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.p., Chairman. NEVIN H. FOSTER, F..s., C. G. ROBERTSON, M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U. Hon. Sec. of the Section, FRANK HOLLAND. Mountview, Cregagh, W. DUNCAN. Belfast. R. J. WELCH, m.nz.1.4. ARCHAZOLOGICAL SECTION. W. B. BURROWES, Chairman. MISS E. ANDREWS. ROBERT MAY, W: C. BOYD, zr. Hon. Sec. of the Section, BK. J. M‘KEHAN, B.A., B.1. 40, Hopefield Avenue, JOSEPH SKILLEN. Belfast. JUNIOR SECTION. ARTHUR DEANE, Chairman. MISS 8S. BLACKWOOD. J. A. S. STENDALL, C. G. ROBERTSON. | Hon. Sec. of the Section, MISS SADIE SLOAN. The Museum, College Square N., MISS K. WARD. 3elfast. ASSOCIATE SECTION. A. M‘I. CLELAND, Chairman. MISS D. ARMSTRONG. S. A. BENNETT, B.a., B.8e., N. CARROTHERS. Hon. Sec. of the Section, MISS NORAH HUMPHREYS. Campbell College, J. A. S. STENDALL. Belfast. PRESENTED 2 7 JUN.1917 é Reduced Prices of Proceedings. =) te (1881- 82 till 1886. ee to2/6 ,, ,, III, (1887-88 till 1892-93) to 2/6 _,, »» LV. (1893-94 till 1900-01) to 2/6, , V. (1901-02 till 1906-07) to 316 In Leather Binding In Paper Binding Ninth Annual Report—1871-72 as Series IT., Vol. II., Part IT; 1881-82 . 3 = Series l Fo) Core BB Part I., 1887-88 containing Appendix xIt, oo T. he following Publications of the Club from the Librarian. _ ia Eighth Annual Report—1870-71, containing Appendix IL., List of I Foraminifera—Wright ; and List of the Rose e the Heiner Antrim and Down—Stewart Tenth do. 1872-73 Proceedings, Series II., Vol. I., Part I., 1873-74, containing Agpantial itl, eas Es of Mosses of North-East of Ireland—Stewart ; and bist of eer i Microzoa of North of Ireland—Wright, 2 Plates 7, 5 Series IT., Vol. I., Part II., 1874-75 é in * a yy ITI., 1875-76... IV., 1876-77 containing Appendix IV., Resstit. Foraminifera of Down and Antrim—Wright, 1-Plate ; and Silurian Boye of County Down—Swanston and Lapworth, 3 Plates ~... TS it es 1914-15, 6 III., 1915- 16, ” . ” ” IV., 1916- 17, Raa of the above are now available to members - reduced : »> ” ” J ”? bh) ” ” ” ” ~ eae ly - » rhe: oe ws ANNUAL REPORT PROCEEDINGS. With Title Page and Index to Vol. VII., and Appendix No. 3 of Vol. III. SERIES I. PART V. ~ VOLUME VII. ior For Contents See Overleaf. als vin PRINTED FOR MEMBERS ONLY. - PRICE OF EXTRA COPIES TO MEMBERS, 2/-. CONTENTS. List of Officers, 1917-18 Annual Reports ... Statement of Accounts PAGE 321 323 331 Excursions :—Carrickfergus, Dundonald, Lagan Canal, Newcastle (Pot of Pulgarve), Ballywalter, Downpatrick, Magheramorne, Ballinderry and Portmore Conversazione Papers :—*‘ Prehistoric Seftlarhents on the sie of caigh Neagh *—Rev. W. A. Adams, B.A. — “ Crabs »__Prof. Gregg Wilson, D.Sc., PLD. MELA. of “The Woodlice of Ulster ”—Nevin H. Foster, F.L.S., M.R.LA. ... 342 344 345 347 “The Life History of some British Lepidoptera ”—Rev. K. Dunbar 347 ‘“ Allotments and Allotment Economics ”—J. A. S. Stendall ‘Distribution of some of our Local Plants”—S. A. Bennett, B.A., BiSe. Annual Meeting . Rules Exchanges of Pisce ines List of Members ... List of Officers, 1918-19 Index is List of Illustrations Title Page Appendix No. 3 of Vol. TIL «The Woodlice of Uistei, : 7 Nevin i. Pecks F.LS., M.R.1.A., M.B.0.U. 349 351 353 332 | b . Ae oh ees as nh be doh, a4 a tees as oe eau ree es on ae 31 mn ‘ sate a : « i Dw nies [PLATE Xi. Proc. B.N.F.G. 1917-18. Jeremy Taylor’s Church, Ballinderry. Reproduced by kind permission of Editor and Publishers of The Ulster Journal of Archeology. ANNUAL REPORT AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB, FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st MARCH, 1918, (FIFTY-FIFTH YEAR). SERIES Il. VOLUME VII. CSeffast : PRINTED AT ‘‘THE NORTHERN WHIG” OFFICE VICTORIA STREET. 1918. BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB. FIFTY-FIFTH YEAR 1917-18, GENERA COmmiililhee. President: MAJOR ARTHUR R. DWERRYHOUSKE, D.sce., F.G.S., M.R.LA Vice-President: A. M‘I, CLELAND. Treasurer: S. M. MACOUN, Cranrotia, WINDSOR PARK, BELFAST. Librarian: SYLVANUS WEAR, 19, Horrerrrrp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Secretaries: MISS M. W. REA, Sarem Hovwuss, SypENHAM, BELFAST, J.K. CHARLESWORTH, m.sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Botanical Section: S. A. BENNETT, B.a., B.sc., CAMPBELL COLLEGE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Geological Section: MISS E. L. ANDREWS, Ina, Comper. Hon. Sec. Zoological Section: C. G. ROBERTSON, Mountvinw, CrecacH, BgLFast. Hon. Sec. Archeological Section: ROBERT MAY, 40, Hoperretp AVENUE, BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Junior Section: J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL, Tue Museum, Cotiecr Sa. N., BELFAST. Hon. Sec. Associate Section: S. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.sc., CAMPBELL COLLEGE, BELFAST. Ordinary Members of Committee: Retire 1918. Retire 1919. Retire 1920. Miss S. Blackwood. | N. Carrothers. W. B. Burrowes. Prof. R.-H. Yapp, M.A. R. LI. Praeger, B.A., Joseph Skillen. R. J. Welch, M.R.1.A. A. M‘T. Cleland. Joseph Maxwell, J.P. B.E., M.R.I.A. | SECTIONAL COMMITTEES. 1917-18. BOTANICAL SECTION. REV. C. H. WADDELL, B.p., M.R.1.A., Chairman. N. CARROTHERS. S. A. BENNETT, B.A., B.Sce., W. A. J. M‘BRETNIEY. Hon. Sec. of the Section, S. WEAR. Campbell College, PROF. YAPP, M.a. Belfast. GEOLOGICAL SECTION. MAJOR A. R. DWERRYHOUSH, D.sc., ¥.G.8., M.R.LA., Chairman. ROBERT BELL. MISS E. L. ANDREWS, J. K. CHARLESWORTH, Hon. Sec. of the Section, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.S. MISS M. W. REA. Tula, W. J. C. TOMLINSON. | Comber. ZOOLOGICAL SECTION. JOSEPH MAXWELL, J.P., Chairman. NEVIN. H. FOSTER, F...s., C. G. ROBERTSON, M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U. Hon. Sec. of the Section, FRANK HOLLAND. W. DUNCAN. Mountview, Cregagh, R. J. WELCH, m.z.1.a. | Belfast. ARCHAZOLOGICAL SECTION. W. B. BURROWES, Chairman. MISS E. ANDREWS. ROBERT MAY, Wa BOYD. Jor. Hon. Sec. of the Section, KH. J. M‘KEAN, B.A., B.L. 40, Hopefield Avenue, JOSEPH SKILLEN. Belfast. JUNIOR SECTION. ARTHUR DEANE, Chairman. MISS 8. BLACKWOOD. J. A. 8S. STENDALL. C. G. ROBERTSON. Hon, Sec. of the Section, MISS SADIE SLOAN. The Museum, College Square N., MISS K. WARD. Belfast. ASSOCIATE SECTION. A, M‘I. CLELAND, Chairman. MISS DOROTHY ARMSTRONG. 8. A. BENNETT, B.a., B.8c., N. CARROTHERS. fon. Sec. of the Section, MISS NORAH HUMPHREYs8. Campbell College, J. A. 8S. STENDALL. Belfast. Annual Report. AT the close of our Fifty-fifth year the Committee are again able to record a slight increase of membership. 19 Ordinary, 15 Associate, and 4 Junior members have been enrolled during the year ; 22 members have intimated their decision to resign their membership ; 3 members have died; so that at the end of the year the membership stands as follows :—Honorary 3, Corres- ponding 1, Life 3, Ordinary 298, Associate 14, and Junior 26. Among the deceased members of the Club is Mr. W. H. Patterson who, in the early days of the Club, was one of the foremost in its activities. Jie was one of the few original members, and one of the Club’s earlier Secretaries and Presidents. He always showed the greatest interest in the Club’s fortunes, and during the long period of 55 years of his connection with the Club he invariably showed himself desirous of furthering its interests. Twelve meetings of Committee were held during the year, at which the attendances of members were as follows :— “A. M‘I. Cleland ... a ES R. May 7 S. M. Macoun ... VA aie? C. G. Robertson 6 Miss E. L. Andrews... 10 W. B. Burrowes ... 6 Miss S. Blackwood —..._ to J. Maxwell 3 Miss M. W. Rea aaa io) J. Skillen 2 Dr. J. K. Charlesworth ... 10 R. Ll. Praeger I eek, o. ccendall ... 9 Saag A. R. Dw anes fo) S. Wear wa ea R. J. Welch fo) S. A. Bennett 7 Prof. R. H. Yapp ro) N. Carrothers 7 324 [Proc. B.N.F.C.,. The excursion programme was, with the single exception of the proposed Tardree excursion for which Dundonald was sub- stituted, fully carried out, the following being the places visited during the Summer Session :— Carrickfergus (Half-Day) Ac a 19th May. Dundonald (Half-Day) ee oe 2nd June. Lagan Canal (Half-Day) 9 se 16th June. Newcastle (Pot of Pulgarve) ... Rss 30th June. Ballywalter (Half-Day) oe a 14th July. Downpatrick ae rer sek 28th July. Magheramorne (Half-Day) ... bi 11th Aug. Ballinderry ... ea a an 25th Aug. At these excursions the average attendance of members and friends was roughly 51, a slight decrease on last year’s figure (61). The Winter Session opened with a Conversazione held in the Carlton Hall on 24th October, 1917, at which about 220 members and friends were present. During the Session the following papers (of which abstracts will be found in the Proceedings) were read :-— 1917. 20th November—‘‘ Prehistoric Settlements on the Shores of Lough Neagh,” Rev. W. A. Adams, B.A. 18th December—‘‘ Crabs,” Professor Gregg Wilson, M.A., D.Sc., Ph.D., M.R.LA. 1918, 15th January—‘‘ The Life History of some British Lepidoptera,” Rev. K. Dunbar. 19th February—‘‘ Allotments and Allotment Economics,” Mr. J. A. S. Stendall. 19th March—‘‘ The Distribution of some of our Local Plants,” Mr. S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.Sc. During the year a Sub-Committee was appointed to inquire into the working of the Sections, and their report, unanimously adopted by the Committee, has necessitated certain changes in the Club’s Rules, to which you will be asked to agree. 1927-1} 325 With a view to infusing a spirit of research into the Club’s activities, the Committee has decided on the inception of an investigation of the Flora, Fauna and Geology of the Islets of Strangford Lough and of the adjacent mainland ; and with a view to directing the labours of those members engaged in this investigation has appointed a committee—“‘ The Strangford Survey Committee ”—with Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland as Convener. The Ulster Herb Association requested that a representative of the Field Club should be added to their Committee, and Mr. S. A. Bennett was appointed the Club’s representative. The Treasurer will lay before you his Statement of Accounts, which shows a balance in hand of £33 5s 6d. This balance includes 18 subscriptions for 1918-19 paid in advance. The Reports of the Librarian, and of the various Sections of the Club, and the Report of the Prizes Sub-Committee will be presented. In conclusion, your Committee desire to tender their thanks to Mr. Campbell for permission to visit the Carrickfergus Salt Mines, Mr. Davis, of the British Portland Cement Co., Maghera- morne, Lady Evelyn Baring and the Hon. Miss M‘Garel Hogg, Lord Dunleath, of Ballywalter, Mr. and Mrs. Leinster, of Ballinderry, Dr. James Bingham, of Dundonald, and the late Canon Pounden for hospitality and permission to visit their demesnes ; to the Press for publishing reports of the Excursions and Meetings ; to the Superintendents of the Railway Companies for the way they have met our wishes in these difficult times ; and to the Kindred Societies and Public Institutions that have favoured us with their Publications. (Signed) M. W. Reza, \ Flon. Sees. J. K. CHARLESWORTH, 326 [Proe. B.N.F.C., Librarian’s Report. The only special thing I have to report is that the Club is under a deep obligation to the representatives of the late W. H. Hancock, a former member, for the valuable gift of the original edition of “‘ English Botany ” in thirty-six volumes dated 1790 till 1814. (The plates by Jas. Sowerby and the letterpress by Edward J. Smith.) The Club Committee has decided that the volumes shall not be taken from the Club-Room but kept there so that they may be used for reference in combination with the Herbarium. (Signed) SyLvanus Wear, Librarian. Report of Botanical Section. No meetings of this Section were held through the Winter, but a certain amount of botanical work was done on the Club Excursions and at other times during the season. Amongst other records and verifications for 1917 may be mentioned the following :—Axthriscus vulgaris near Ballyhalbert by Mr. S. A. Bennett. This plant had not been seen on the Ards E. coast for some time and appears to be steadily decreasing in the district. Lastrea spinulosa at Drumlough Moss, near Hillsborough by Mr. Nevin H. Foster. Atriplex jfarinosa at Downhill by Mr. R. Ll. Praeger. This is the first record for Co. Londonderry. ‘Two important refinds are reported from Umbra (Magilligan), viz. :—Pyrus Arta by Mr. W. J. C. Tomlinson and Taxus baccata by Mr. R. LI. Praeger. The Section as such is now defunct but there is every prospect of better botanical work being done under the new regulations. (Signed) S. A. Bennerr Hon. Sec. of the Section. 1917-18} 327 Report of the Geological Section. There was only one excursion of this Section held during the season. It was to Colin Glen and took place on Saturday, 8th September. Mr. Robert Bell kindly acted as field conductor and the members present found it of exceptional interest. It was not found possible to hold any meetings of the Section during the Winter. The thanks of the Club are due to Professor G. A. J. Cole for a copy of his pamphlet on “The Geology of Ireland,” which he has kindly presented to the Club. (Signed) E. L. Anprews, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Archzological Section. Two excursions were held during the Summer Session. The first was to Knockbreda Church and Churchyard in which there are many local monuments and mausoleums. By kind permission of Mrs. Walter H. Wilson the party were admitted to Belvoir Park to visit the ancient churchyard and site of Breda Church. The members were much indebted to the Rev. Canon Carmody who acted as conductor on this occasion. The second excursion was to Dun-anny and to the Parish Church and Churchyard of Carnmoney. One lecture was given during the Winter Session, when Mr. Alex. M‘I. Cleland delivered a most interesting address on “St. Cuthbert of Durham and St. Ethelfred of Ely,” illustrated by an excellent set of lantern slides thrown on the screen by Mr. Sylvanus Wear. Several members of the Section as usual contributed to the success of the Conversazione. (Signed) R. May, Hon. Sec. of the Section. 328 [Procs BN. B.C, Report of the Junior Section. On 1st April, 1917, the membership stood at 26; during the year 4 new Members have been elected, 2 are now transferred to the Associate Section, and 2 resignations have been received 5 leaving a total membership on 31st March, 1918, of 26. Six Excursions were held during the Summer, as follows :—- 26th May aap Crow Glen. 23rd June of Cave Hill Quarry. 7th July che Ligoniel to Glengormley. 2ist July ae Springfield Brickworks. 18th Aug. vee Giant’s Ring and Drumbo Round Tower. 8th Sept. re Holywood to Marino along the shore. Seven indoor Winter meetings have been held, as follows :— IQU7. 29th November—‘“‘ A piece of Coal,” by Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland, 13th December—‘‘ Buttercups,” by S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.Sc. 1918. Ioth January—‘* Twigs of Trees,” by Mr. A. Deane. 31st January—‘‘ Story of the Earth,” by Mr. J. Gourlay. “* Butterflies,” by Mr. J. H. Gilmour. 21st February—‘‘ Weeds,” by Mr. G. E. Holt. 14th March—‘‘ Protective Kesemblance in the Insect World,” by Rev. Kk. Dunbar. 4th April—‘‘ Shore Birds,” by Mr. J. R. H. Greeves. The foregoing addresses were all well illustrated with speci- mens and lantern slides, and good attendances were recorded at each. Special mention must be made of the two addresses given on 31st January by Messrs. J. H. Gilmour and J. Gourlay. These were initial efforts of two Junior Members, who deserve commendation for the very satisfactory manner in which they dealt with their subjects. Mr. J. R. H. Greeves, an Associate Member, also deserves special mention for the admirable address he gave on “‘ Shore Birds.” Two prizes were offered for the best collections of Natural History specimens, made on the Summer excursions; also two 1917-18] 329 prizes for the best kept note-books dealing with the addresses given at the Winter meetings. The former were presented to the successful members at the Annual Conversazione 1917, by Mrs. A. M‘I. Cleland. Details of prizes will be found in the report of the Prizes Sub-Committee. The Committee much regret the loss, through removal, of Mr. C. G. Robertson, and wish to place on record their high appreciation of his services to the Section, at all times willingly given. To Mr. S. Wear the Committee wish to tender their thanks for the assistance he has given in illustrating the Winter addresses. (Signed. ) J. A. StpnEy STENDALL, Hon. Sec. of the Section. Report of the Associate Section. The Section consists of 14 members—14 previous associates having become ordinary members of the Club during the past season, while 6 have resigned and 5 new members have been elected. Excursions were carried out during the Summer to Dundonald, Squire’s Hill and Holywood Moss, and a joint excursion with the Junior Section from Ligoniel to Glengormley. The excursions were not well attended, perhaps owing to the fact that the advantages to be derived from them have not been brought sufficiently prominently before the members of the Section. It is felt, however, that, despite this fact, the Section fulfils a useful purpose as a feeder to the Club—and with an influx of members from the Junior Section we are looking forward to a more successful season in 1918. One of the members of the Associate Section, Mr. J. R. H. Greeves, read a paper before the Junior Section—a form of activity which is to be encouraged. (Signed) S. A. Bennett, Hon. Sec. of the Section. 330 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Report of Prizes Sub-Committee. For the Club’s competitions no collections or papers have been received and the only Report to make is in connection with the competitions for Junior members only. Two prizes were offered for the best collections of Natural History specimens made on the Summer excursions. Keen competition took place and the awards were as follows :—First Prize of Half-a-Guniea, given anonymously, to Jack Gourlay for a ‘Geological collection: Second Prize of Five Shillings given by Mr. Joseph Maxwell, to Reginald Turner for a Botanical Collection. Mr. S. A. Bennett offered two prizes of Five Shillings each for the best kept note-books dealing with the addresses given at the Winter Meetings. Only one note-book has been received, from Humphrey Gilmour. This is of sufficient merit to warrant a prize being awarded, the work being of high standard. (See also Report of Junior Section.) (Signed) SARAH BLACKWOOD, KATHLEEN WARD, J. A. SIDNEY STENDALL. go) 1917-18] DADNMe-AOOWVORONMOOCOCND re lor) ba | ‘ITIVGNELS AUNGIS ‘V 3% (peusig) ‘sn Aq Joo1109 punoj pure pourmexg, “alNSDILT, “UOH ‘NOOOVIN “IN ‘S (poustg) cc WVA-YHON OF JO VAOPY ,, MOU B Surystqnd spavwo4 EZF pur ZF LOJ soqvoyryaay sSaravg ae Ay YS ed 7 ie cz £ SOUUINE Cote, “SI6I G 6 GL 9GLF soured *f Sorjingerry ** U01Z099 o4BIOOSsSyW *‘ eouvInsuy siti “‘ kavaqyry 1OJ Syoog Zuatpurg * ‘OR ‘SSULP9E00Ig JO seseqsog eS : TAINSBOLT, ue 9093 TUIUIO()- qnug par Salivjotoag—sesusdxa ‘* PSUDLNIDAT YSriyT ** SOF IOJ 9YVOYIZIID ae NN jo eseqoing Os F—Il"H. ag yi). fk ree ae ie qyunodoy yur wo ysesequy ** Ge AAIBIQUT UL SSULVOOW ST-ZTIGL “ 9 OLT ie Hy “ shuiparo4g PUR DLO JO SeTRG re Soanqoery jo sosuedxq ‘ IE () Ge oy a af _SUOISINOXY Wory oouspeg . QUOIZ/RSIBA UO) ‘ec 0 0 G aot sist te etais sooq aoUvL UT “cc suoIsinoxy ‘* 0 OLF eae a ‘ON ‘6I6T ‘suoydirosqng piedaig ‘ ‘ox ‘syoog ‘Arauoryeyg <* 9 GL 09 ae ‘keg i Ue Na SI * ‘O 8&2) suonditosqng “ LI-9IGU aodey enuuy Suygumg votuients, In 1915 they had increased to 530—occupyiiig : > SCTes: The Christian Civic Union interested itself to (tent in 350 [Proc. B.N.F.C., obtaining the necessary ground that early in 1918 there were no fewer than 5,000 allotments. ‘The lecturer went on to say that the ground must be well dug, and if free water was present it should be got rid of by drainage ; but it was most important that the film of water round each particle of soil should be retained, therefore a fine tilth was necessary. The best methods of digging were illustrated by diagrams, and the use and abuse of manures were considered. It was better not. to manure too heavily, and the manure should never be exposed in heaps which might breed house-flies, as these on entering houses would infect food and possibly cause epidemics, especially among children; therefore all manure should be covered by a thin layer of soil. Seeds were next dealt with and hints given as to the method of purchase. It was further stated that the seed should be sown thinly and in straight rows-—it being easier to apply artificial manure than if sown broadcast. Seed should be sown when the weather was favourable. Watering should be done judiciously and, except in the driest weather, was only necessary after transplanting, the constant use of the hoe taking its place at all other times. The care and cultivation of the potato crop was next dealt with, and the method of combating the dreaded blight was referred to. Attention was given to the all-important subject of allotment food values, and holders were urged to study this matter for themselves. It was possible to increase largely the food value of the yield from any garden by growing only those vegetables which gave good value, and eliminating such as the vegetable marrow, which was lacking in food constituents and at the same time took up a large amount of space which might be more profitably used. Artichokes and parsnips were strongly recommended instead of so many turnips which cannot compare with the former from a nutritive standpoint. In conclusion, garden friends and foes were dealt with. Birds did a great deal of good by eating harmful pests. Insects such as the Ladybird 1917-18]. 351 also helped in this direction. Rats and mice were harmful, also the house-sparrow and the wood-pigeon. Numerous lantern slides were used to illustrate the lecture, the lantern being manipulated efficiently by Mr. A. R. Hogg. In the discussion which followed the question was asked as to the money value of a working man’s time put intoa plot. The opinion was that in England it repaid the time spent. It was also stated that Archeological finds of coins had turned up _ occasionally, especially in the S.-E. of England. The meeting shortly afterwards terminated with the election of Mr. Robert D. Monson an Associate, and Daisy and Desmond M‘Carthy Junior members. ‘DISTRIBUTION OF SOME OF OUR LOCAL PLANTS.” The fifth meeting was held in the, Museum, College Square North, on roth March when Mr. S. A. Bennett, B.A., B.Sc., gave a lecture on the “ Distribution of some of our Local Plants.” The Vice-President, Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland occupied the chair. The lecturer said that the problem of distribution was bound up with the origin of the plants—where they came from and how they came to be in their present surroundings. That evening, however, they were confining themselves to their present day distribution and would discuss the obstacles which prevented the more general dispersal of some members of the local flora, in so far as these obstacles could be illustrated by reference to the Counties of Down and Antrim. Mr. Bennett went on to say that it was our duty to preserve all plants not injurious to man, and so a knowledge of the species by which we were surrounded would be stimulated. In order that Field Botany should not degenerate into mere collecting and labelling of specimens, it should be accompanied by field observations on the relation of plants to their environment. ‘The distribution of all species should be studied in our own neighbourhood and then correlated with that in larger areas. Again a local area could be divided into two Cc 352 [Proc. B.N.F.C., parts and if a plant is found in one and not in the other—the reason for its absence should be determined if possible. Buffon said that at certain temperatures one should get similar floras and faunas but similar climates did not produce similar floras in all respects, therefore a group of species or a species might be limited by natural barriers, e.g. the Field Daisy was absent from America and the Hyacinth from Germany. The various obstacles which hindered distribution were then dealt with in turn, beginning with human agency. This had been so potent that many species were only left on cliff faces and bogs. Aliens had been introduced and in some cases had spread very rapidly, but in time the majority of them died out. The Ivy-leaved Toad-flax had been able to hold its own on old walls and the Sweet Flag, Acorus Calamus, was abundant in the Lagan Canal. Again Andromedg polifolia, which grows in a bog near Donaghadee with Ca//una and the Bog Myrtle, was disappearing ; the reason being that it grows with a fungus which is absolutely necessary for its welfare—if the fungus was absent it could not flourish as it had no root hairs and so could not obtain the mineral salts necessary for healthy growth. Another obstacle to the world-wide distribution of plants was climate. Each and every plant corresponded to every factor which went to make up the climate. A certain amount of light, warmth and moisture was necessary or the plant would die even if other conditions were suitable. By means of distribution maps Mr. Bennett showed that certain plants occurred in Co. Down and not in Antrim, while the reverse also held good. It was further seen that some plants were confined to particular river basins. The case of Dryas octopetela was instanced as one whose distribution depended on climatic factors, it. being found on Snowdon, in the Scottish Highlands, the Lake District, and mountain stations in Donegal, Derry and Antrim. Also the dwarf Mountain Willow—Sadx herbacea. Vhe third obstacle to distribution was the nature of 1917-18] 353 the soil, ¢g. basalt in Co. Antrim and Silurian rocks in Co. Down. There were forty plants in Co. Down which did not occur in Antrim, and seventy Antrim plants were absent from Co. Down. Plant pressure was also a factor to be reckoned with. The ground might be so fully occupied that new plants found a difficulty in obtaining a foothold. Another obstacle was the sea. A relatively small number of our plants had seeds which could float. Again a land mass such as a mountain chain was a serious obstacle. Finally Mr. Bennett showed that several water Ranuncult occurred in Co. Antrim in the Lough Neagh basin, and that the Greater Spearwort was found in the Quoile area in Co. Down as well as in the Lough Neagh basin, and many other instances were cited. The lecture was illustrated by lantern slides as well as maps. In the discussion which followed, Rev. C. H. Waddell, Mr. J. A. S. Stendall and Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland took part. Mr. Stendall suggested that the Field Club should publish distribution maps and that these should be available for members who could mark their records on them. Three new ordinary members—Messrs. H. Fylds, O. V. Greeves and J. Seymour, B.A.—were then elected, after which the meeting terminated. ANNUAL MEETING, The fifty-fifth Annual Meeting was held in the Museum on 23rd April, the chair being occupied by Mr. F. A. Heron. The Annual Report was read by Dr. Charlesworth; the Librarian’s Report by Mr. S. Wear; the Treasurer’s Statement by Mr. S. M. Macoun ; the Botanical Section Report by Mr. N. Carrothers ; the Geological Section Report by Miss E. L. Andrews; the Archeological Section Report by Mr. R. May; the Reports of the Associate and Junior Sections and that of the Prizes Sub- Committee by Mr. J. A. S. Stendall. On the motion of Mr. 354 [Proc. B.N.F.C., A. M‘I. Cleland, seconded by Mr. W. A, J. M‘Bretney, it was resolved that these reports be adopted, printed and circulated as usual. The election of Office-bearers for 1918-19 was then proceeded with, and Mr. A. M‘I. Cleland was elected President. on the motion of Mr. F. A. Heron, seconded by Mr. S. C. Black. Mr: Cleland, having taken the chair, thanked the members for the honour conferred upon him. Mr. S. A. Bennett, BA., B.Sc’, was elected Vice-President on the motion of Mr. J. A. S. Stendall, seconded by Mr. N. Carrothers. Mr. S. M. Macoun was re: elected Treasurer on the motion of Mr. R. Bell, seconded by Mr. R. May; Mr. S. Wear was re-elected Librarian on the motion of Mr. W. R. Pim, seconded by Miss L. Lowry. The Honorary Secretariles—Miss M. W. Rea and J. K. Charlesworth, M.Sc., Ph.D., F.G.S., were re-elected on the motion of Miss E. Ll Andrews, seconded by Mrs. Macoun. The Sectional Secretaries —Botanical Mr. S. A. Bennett, B.A:, B.Sc., Geological Mrs. Cleland, Zoological Mr. J. A. Sidney Stendall, Archeological Mr, R. May, Associate Mr. S. A. Bennett, and Junior Miss S. Blackwood were elected on the motion of Mr. J. A. S. Stendall, seconded by Mr. S. Wear. On the motion of Miss M. W. Rea, seconded by Dr. Charlesworth, Messrs. S. M. Macoun and 8S. Wear were appointed Scrutineers, and a ballot was taken to fill six vacancies in the Committee. On their report the President announced that the following had been elected—Miss E. L. Andrews, Rev. K. Dunbar, and Mr. Robert Bell to retire in 1921, Major A. R. Dwerryhouse and Mr. Fergus M. Greeves to retire in 1920, and Mrs. Gibson to retire in 1919. The next business was the consideration of the Committee’s proposed amendment of Rules, and after some discussion the recommendations were adopted. Pursuant to notice of motion duly announced Mr. J. A. S. Stendall moved and Dr. Charlesworth seconded ‘‘ That the Entrance Fee of 5/- be abolished, and that Rule III. be amended accordingly.” This was agreed to with 1917-18} 285 the following corollary proposed by Mr. S. Wear and seconded by Mr. S. M. Macoun—“ That Members who are twelve months in arrear in their subscriptions shall not receive any further circulars or other printed matter.” Suggestions from members as to places to be visited on the Summer excursions were then made and referred to the Committee for consideration. Miss I. J. Hagan and Mr. David Kennedy having been elected ordinary, and Miss Hazel Smith and Miss Aileen B. Baillie associate members, the proceedings terminated. 356 [Proc. B.N.F.C., RULES OF THE Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club. As amended at General Meeting held 23rd April, 1918. Iie That the Society be called ‘‘TuHe Betrast Narurauists’ Firnp Crus.” 1k That the object of this Society be the practical study of Natural Science and Archeology in Ireland. Til. That the Club shall consist of Ordinary, Associate, Junior, Life, Corres- ponding and Honorary Members. The Ordinary Members shall be proposed and seconded at any meeting of the Club and elected by a majority of votes of the members present. They shall pay annually a subscription of Five Shillings. Members who are twelve months in arrear in their subscriptions shall not receive any further circulars or other printed matter. That the composition fee for Life Membership be Four Guineas. Associate Members, who must be between the ages of 17 and 21, shall be elected in the same way as Ordinary Members, but shall pay annually a subscription’ of Two Shillings and Sixpence (2/6). Associate Members shall not receive any printed matter except the usual notices; shall not have the power to vote; and shall not borrow books from the Club’s Library without special permission from the Librarian. On attaining their majority they shall become Ordinary Members and shall pay an annual subscription of Five Shillings. Junior Members, who must be under 17 years of age, shall be elected in the same way as Ordinary and Associate Members, but shall pay annually a subscription of One Shilling (1/-) to the Secretary of the Junior Section. Junior Members shall not receive any printed matter except notices sent out by the Secretary of the Junior Section ; shall not have the power to vote; and shall not borrow books from the Club’s Library without special permission from the Librarian. On attaining the age of 17 years Junior Members shall become Associate Members, and shall pay an annual subscription of Two Shillings and Sixpence. MV’. That the Honorary and Corresponding Members shall consist of persons of eminence in Natural Science, or who shall have done some special service to the Club; and whose usual residence is not less than twenty miles from Belfast. 1917-18} 357 That such Members may be nominated by any Member of the Club, and on being approved by the Committee, may be elected at any subsequent Meeting of the Club by a majority of the votes of the Members present. That Corresponding Members be expected to communicate a paper once within every two years. Vi: That the Officers of the Club be annually elected and consist of a President, Vice-President, Treasurer, Librarian, and one or two Secretaries, together with the Secretaries of the various Sections of the Club. ‘That the office of President or that of Vice-President shall not be held by the same person for more than two years in succession. Wille That the General Committee shall consist of the above-named officers with nine ordinary members of Committee, and shall hold at least eight meetings during the year; five persons to form a quorum. That three ordinary members of Committee shall retire annually in order of seniority, those retiring being ineligible for re-election for one year. Should any ordinary member of Committee fail to attend at least three of the Committee meetings held during the year his or her place may be considered vacant and another member elected to fill the position. No ordinary member of Committee shall hold the post of Secretary in any of the Sections. That in the event of a vacancy occurring in the General Committee a new member may be co-opted to fill such vacancy for the remainder of the year. That nominations for ordinary members of Committee shall be sent in writing to the Secretaries on or before the 21st day of March in each year. That the privilege of nominating members of Committee shall be held by all Ordinary and Life Members of the Club. That the names of those members so nominated shall be published on the circular convening the Annual Meeting, at which the Ordinary Members of Committee shall be elected by ballot. That should the necessity arise the retiring members of Committee shall be balloted for. VII. The Committee may from year to year appoint Sectional Secretaries and Committees, as may be considered desirable, to further original investigations in any one or more departments of the Club’s work. No financial responsi- bility to be incurred by any Sectional Secretary, Sectional Committee, or any Officer of the Club without the previous approval of the Club’s Committee. The Junior and Associate Sections to have Committees composed of Six Members of the Club, the Chairman of each Section to be annually appointed by the General Committee. AATLL ile That the members of the Club shall hold at least Six Field Meetings during the year, in the most interesting localities, for investigating the Natural History and Archeology of Ireland. That the place of meeting be fixed by the Committee, and that five days’ notice of each Excursion be communicated to Members by the Secretaries. That each of the Sectional Secretaries shall be 2 Proc. B.N.F.C., 358 made responsible for the running of one Regular Excursion, the programme to provide study in the subject appertaining to the Section, and that any additional Special Excursions shall be arranged by the Secretaries of the Sections concerned. IX. That regular Monthly Meetings be held during the Winter Session from November till April, inclusive, for the purpose of reading Papers; such Papers as far as possible to be original, and to treat of the Natural distory and Archeology of the district. That the Papers to be read be secured by a Standing Organising Committee, consisting of the Hon. Secs. of the Club, together with the Sectional Secretaries and a Chairman. That between the Regular Monthly Meetings of the Club Special Meetings open to all Members of the Club may be held, at which Papers of specialised interest would be discussed. That the Sectional Secretaries shall each be responsible for the providing of a programme for one Regular and one Special Meeting, one Regular and one Special Meeting to be arranged by the Hon. Secs. Any extra Mectings shall be arranged by the Organising Committee, if desired. That the programme for the Winter Session shall be completed by the date of its First Meeting and issued to all Members. That each notification announcing a Regular Meeting or Excursion shall also serve to notify Members of the next Special Meeting or Excursion. X. That the Committee shall, if they find it advisable, offer for competition Prizes for the best collections of scientific objects of the district; and the Committee may order the purchase of maps, or other scientific apparatus, and may carry on geological and archeological searches or excavations, if deemed advisable, provided that the entire amount expended under this rule does not exceed the sum of £10 in any one year. That the General Committee may offer from time to time such prize or prizes as they may deem desirable for competition among Schools in or near Belfast. XI. That the Annual Meeting be held during the month of April, when the Report of the Committee for the past year, and the Treasurer’s Financial Statement shall’be presented, the Committee and Officers elected, Bye-laws made and altered, and any proposed alterations in the general laws, of which a fortnight’s notice shall have been given, in writing, to the Secretary or Secretaries, considered and decided upon. The Secretaries to give the Members due notice of each intended alteration. XII. Members of other Irish Field Clubs, residing temporarily or permanently in or near Belfast, may be enrolled as Members of the Club without election or entrance fee on production of a voucher of membership of another Club, and 1917-18} 359 without subscription for the current year, on production of a receipt showing that such subscription has been paid to another Club. Failing the production of such receipt, the usual subscription for the current year to be paid to the Treasurer on enrolment. The names of Members so admitted to the Club to be published with the notice of meeting following the date of their enrolment. XIII. That, on the written requisition of twenty-five Members, delivered to the Secretaries, an Extraordinary General Meeting may be called, to consider and decide upon the subject mentioned in such written requisition. XIV. That the Committee may be empowered to exchange publications and reports, and to extend the privilege of attending the Meetings and Excursions of the Belfast Naturalists’ Field Club to Members of kindred societies, on similar privileges being accorded to its Members by such other societies. RULES FOR THE CONDUCTING OF EXCURSIONS. I. The excursion to be open to all Members, each one to have the privilege of introducing two friends. The time for commencing as many as possible of the Half-Day Summer Excursions to be not prior to 2 p.m. II. A Chairman to be elected as at ordinary meetings. III. One of the Secretaries to act as Conductor, or, in the absence of both, a Member to be elected for that purpose. IV. No change to be made in the programme, or extra expense incurred, except by the consent of the majority of the Members present. V. No fees, gratuities, or other expenses to be paid except through the Conductor. VI. Every Member or Visitor to have the accommodation assigned by the Conductor. Where accommodation is limited, consideration will be given to priority of application. VII. Accommodation cannot be promised unless tickets are obtained before the time mentioned in the special circular. VIII. Those who attend an excursion without previous notice will be liable to extra charge, if extra cost is incurred thereby. IX. No intoxicating liquors to be provided at the expense of the Club. 360 [Proc. B.N.F.C., Exchange of Proceedings, 1917-18. Belfast—Natural History and Philosophical Society. Report and Proceedings for 1916-17. Presbyterian Historical Society of Ireland. Extracts from Letters of James Knight, LL.D. Bournemouth—Natural Science Society. : Proceedings, Vol. VIII. (1915-16). Brighton and Hove—Nat. Hist. and Phil. Society. Annual Report for 1916-17. Bristol—Naturalists’ Society. Proceedings, Vol. III., Parts 2, 8, and Index; Vol. IV., Parts 1 and 2. ”? Cardiff—Naturalists’ Society. Transactions, Vol. XLVIII. (1915); and Vol. XLIX. (1916). Chester—Society of Natural Science, Lit. and Art. 46th Annual Report and Proceedings (1916-17). Dublin—Royal Irish Academy. Proceedings, Vol. XX XIJTI., Sec. B., Nos. 4, 5 and 6. Sec. C., Nos. 12, "13, 14. 1, 16, We 18 and 19. XXXIV., ae B., Nos. 1 and 2. ec. C., Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Title Pages of Vol. xxx and ‘Abstracts of Minutes. Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Journal, Vol. XLVII., Part 1 (June, 1917). Dumfriesshire and Galloway—Nat. Hist. and Antiquarian Society. Transactions, Series III., Vol. TV. (1915-16). Eastbourne—Natural History, Phot. and Lit. Society. Transactions and Journal, Vol, VII., Nos. 16, 17 and 18; Vol. DLS No ele: Glasgow—Royal Philosophical Society of— Proceedings, Vol. XLVI. (1914-15); and Vol. XLVII. (1915-16). Hertfordshire—Natural History Society and Field Club. Transactions, Vol. X VI., Parts 3 and 4. Liverpool—Naturalists’ Field Club. Proceedings for 1916. ” 23 > 39 29 oP] 1917-18} | 361 London—British Association. Report for 1916, Newcastle-on-Tyne Meeuing. Reports of Corresponding Societies for 1916 and 1917. Report on Photographs of Geological Interest for 1910 and 1916. * Geologists’ Association. Proceedings, Vol. XX VIII., Parts 1, 2 and 3. ” ” XXIX., Part 1. eo Linnean Society of— Proceedings for 1915-16 and 1916-17. List of Members 1917-18. Louth—Archeological Journal of County— Vol. IV., Nos. 1 and 2. Leyden—Rijks Ethnographisch Museum. Report for 1917. Manchester—Microscopical Society of— 2 Transactions for 1916. Marlborough —College Natural History Society. Report for 1916. North Staffordshire Field Club. Annual Report and Transactions, Vol. LI. (1916-17). Norwich—Prehistoric Society of East Anglia. Proceedings, Vol. IT , Part 3 (1916-17). Oxfordshire—Ashmolean Natural History Society of— Report and Proceedings for 1916. Perthshire—Society of Natural Science. Transactions and Proceedings, Vol. VI., Part 4 (1916-17). Sheffield—Naturalists’ Society. Annual Report for 1914-15. U.S.A.—Boston Society of Natural History. Proceedings, Vol. XXX V., Nos. 2 and 3. 4 Chapel Hill, N.C.—Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society. Journal, Vol. XX XII., No. 4; and Vol. XX XIIT., Nos.1, 2 and 3. 2 Chicago—Field Museum of Natural History. Annual Report, Vol V., No. 2 (1916). * Cincinnati—Lloyd’s Library. Bibliographical Contributions, Nos. 25 and 25. i Milwaukee, City of—Public Museum. Bulletin, Vol. II., No. 1. ss Missouri—Public Garden. Bulletin, Vol. V., Nos. 2 to 12; Vol. VI., Nos. 1 and 2. U.S.A.—New York—Academy of Sciences. 3) 33 e) Annals, Vol. XXV., pp. 1-308. a » AXVIL., pp. 193-208, 205-214. Philadelphia—Academy of Natural Science of— Proceedings, Vol. LX VIIIL., Part 2; and Vol.. LXIX., Part 1. Washington—Geological Survey. Bulletins, 627, 630, 635, 636. 638, 640(B., D., E.), 641 (B., C., D., E.), 645, 649. Water Supply Papers, 360, 384, 387, 395. Mineral Resources, 1915, Part 1, Nos. 3, 4, 5 and 7. 1915, Part 2, Nos. 12, 18 14, 16, 17, hana 20: Professional Papers, No. 98 (L., J., K, ., N.); : No. 9 Washington—Government Printing ae Smithsonian Reports, 2389, 2391 to 2397. Museum Repert for 1915-16. Washington—U.S. Department of Agriculture. Year Book for 1915-16. Wisconsin—Academy of Science, Art and Letters. Transactions, Vol. X VIII., Part 2. 262 [Proc. BNF.C, a 1917-18] ; 363 List of Members. Any change in the Address of Members should be at once notified to the Secretaries by Post Card. The Dates prefixed to Members’ names signify date of Election. O stands for an Original Member who signed the ‘requisition for the formation of the Club in 1863. Hon. MemBers. Lapworth, Professor Charles, LL.D., F.R.S., The University, Birmingham. Plunkett, Thomas, M.R.1.A., Enniskillen. Scharff, Robert F., B.Sc., Ph. D., F.L.S., M.R.1.A., National Museum, Kildare Street, Dublin. Corresponding Member. Holden, J. S., M.D., Sudbury, Suffolk. Life ANemBers. Ewart, Sir W. Q., Bart., Glenmachan, Strandtown. Stelfox, A. W., A.R.I.B.A., M.R.I.A., Ballymagee, Bangor. Wilson, Alec G., J.P., M.R.I.A., Belvoir Park. Ordinary MemBers. Adams, Rev. W. A., B.A., Antrim. Aird, Hugh, 16 Fitzwilliam Avenue. Alderdice, Richard 8., 12 Linenhall Street. Allibon, George H., 19 Short Strand. Anderson, Sir Robert, Bart., J.P., Donegall Place. Anderson, Miss Sarah, 4 Church View, Holywood. Andrew, J. J., L.D.S., University Square. Andrews, Miss E., 12 College Gardens. Andrews, Miss EK. L., Inla, Comber. Andrews, Miss M. A., 50 Eglantine Avenue. Andrews, Dr. Marion B., 17 University Square. Andrews, Michael C., 17 University Square. Armstrong, Miss Dorothy, Corlea, Somerton Road. 1916. 1907. 1901. 1915. 1905. 1913. 1896. 1893. 1917. 1909. 1908. 1895. 1884. 1914. 1916. 1893. ON 1904. 1893. 1913. 1894. 1916. 1917. 1883. 1863. 1883. 1911. 1876. 1899. 1903. 1909. 1916. 1917. 1891. 1904. 1892. 1892. 1917. 1914. 1907. 1914. 1901. 1904, 1894. 1894. 1880. 364 {[Proc. B.N.F.C., Baillie, Robert, Ellerslie, Ravenhill Park. Baillie, W. T., Marathon, Green Road, Knock. Barrett, J. H., Farnham Road, Bangor. Beattie, John Carson, Deaf and Dumb Institution, Lisburn Road. Beck, Miss, 1 Derryvolgie Avenue. Bell, D. M., 22 Cyprus Avenue. Bell, E. George, Solitude, Lurgan. Bell, Robert, 64 Newington A venue. Bell, Miss Janet M., Daisybank, Holywood. Bennett, Edward, Forth River Mill. Bennett, S. A., B.A., B.Sc., Campbell College. Berry, Lt.-Col. R. G., M.R.I.A., The Castle, Richhill. Bigger, Francis J.. M.R.J.A., Ardrigh, Antrim Road. Bird, Miss, 50 Redcliff Gardens, South Kensington, London. Black, 8. C., 15 College Gardens. Blackwood, Miss 8., 6 College Green. Blackwood, Miss M. A., 6 College Green. Boyce, Joseph, 16 Wolseley Street. Boyd, Miss, The Elm Trees, St. Edward’s Road, Southsea. Boyd, Miss A., Carntual, Carnmoney. Boyd, W. C., J.P., Hazelbank Villa, Ravenscroft Avenue. Bradley, Miss L. I., Haypark House, Knock. Bradley, Mrs., Haypark House, Knock. Brandon, Hugh B., J.P., 2 Wellington Place. Brett, Sir Charles H., Gretton Villa South. Brown, Thomas, J.P., 102 Donegall Street. Browne, G. B., 356 Ormeau Road. Bulla, Charles, 272 Lisburn Road. Burrowes, W. B., Ballynafeigh House. Campbell, D. C., J.P., M.B.O.U., Templemore Park, Londonderry Campbell, John, Albert Brickworks, Carrickfergus. Campbell, John, 194 Antrim Road. Campbell, James, Jennymount Mill, Belfast. Capper, J. Malcolm, 14 Linenhall Street. Carmody, Rev. Canon W. P., Lisburn. Carrothers, Nathaniel, 145 Stranmillis Road. Carson, J. C., 8 Wellington Place. Carson, James, Parkmount, Lisburn. Carter, C. §., 24 Donegall Street. Chambers, W., 3 Custom House Square. Charlesworth, John K., M.Se., Ph.D., F.G.S., Queen’s University. Cheyne, H. H., Roseneath, Bangor. Clarke, Mrs. John, 1la Wellington Park. Cleland, Alex. M‘I., Macedon, Green Road, Knock. Cleland, Mrs. Annie, Macedon, Green Road, Knock. Cleland, James A., Bernagh West, Malone Park. 1917-18) 365 1893. Cleland, W. W., Osborne House, Osborne Park. 1917. Close, R. M., 13 Donegall Square North. 1904. Cocking, Miss C. E., 19 Glebe Road, Huddersfield. 1914. Corrigan, Chas., 133 Roval Avenue. 1906. Cowie, James, Midland Railway Co. 1913. Cunningham, Miss M. E., Glencairn, Belfast. 1884. Cunningham, Samuel, Fernhill. 1915. Cunningham, Josias, M.B.O.U., Fernhill, Belfast. 1916. Davis, Miss E. C., Lauraville, Balmoral. 1905. Dawson, R. A., A.R.C.A., Inniskeen, Holywood. 1915. Denby, Mimna®) ‘¢Plants of the Lough Neagh Basin” 179. ‘« Plants which feed on Animals” 267. Platyarthrus hoffmannseggii 56, 64. Pollan 60. Polyblastia deminuta 82, 85. P. Schraderi 82, 85. Polydesmus complanatus 166, 167, 226. P. coriaceus 86, 91, 92. P. denticulatus 92, 166. P. gallicus 166, 167. Polygala vulgaris 80, 99. Polygonum Fagopyrum 206. Polypodium Phegopteris 213. P. vulgare var. semilaceram 160. Polypogon monspeliensis 206. Polytrichum commune 109, {Proc. B.N.F.C., “ Polyzoa” 13. “Pond Life” 267. Populus tremula 160. Porcellio pictus 94, 103, 167, 217, 274, 278. P. scaber 94, 167, 278. ga ae (Metoponorthus) pruinosus Porina chlorotica 86. Portmore 340. Port Muck 104. Portstewart 66. “« Post-Glacial Element in the Irish Fauna, The” 13. Potamogeton rufescens 336. Potentilla argentia 206. P. norvegica 206. Poterium officinale 336. Pot of Legawherry 282. Pot of Pulgarve 335. Praeger, R. Ll., ‘‘Club Prospects and Retro- spects” 229, ‘‘ Photographing Wild Plants in the West of Ireland” 228, ‘*Problems of Dispersal and Distri- bution in the Irish Flora” 171, ‘‘ Pro- blems of the Irish Flora” 67, ‘‘Sedums” 169. ‘¢Prehistoric Settlements on the Shores of Lough Neagh ” 344. Primula vulgaris 100. Privet Hawk-Moth 348. “‘Problems of Dispersal and Distribution in the Irish Flora” 171. ‘¢ Problems of the Irish Flora” 67. Prunella vulgaris 337. Pterogonium gracile 220. P. ornithopodioides 81. Ptychomitrium polyphyllum 220. Punctum pygmezum 280. Pupa anglica 88, 104, 277, 281. P. cylindracea 89, 281. P. muscorum 88, 89. Purpura lapillus 79. Puss-Moth 348. Pyramidula rotundata 89, 280. Pyrola media 80, 146, 205, 281. P. minor 10, 146. Pyrus Aria 160, 284, 326, 1917-18} Radicula sylvestris 205. Rabolp 208, 296. Ramalina fastigata 83. R. fraxinea 83. R. scopulorum 83. Ranunculus Lingua 341, 353. R. sceleratus 335. R. trichophyllus 274. Rastrites 207. Rats 49, 249. Rea, Miss M. W., ‘‘ Life of a Fern” 267, ** Mycetozoa ” 178. ‘“Recent Advances in Glacial Geology” KE Red Admiral 348. Red Deer 50. Redshank 217. Reindeer 50, 51, 52, 53, 60, 65. ‘Relationships of the Irish Fauna” 45, Reports :— Annual 5, 141, 208, 261, 328. ee oeical Section 13, 147, 208, 266, Associate Section 329. Botanical Section 9, 144, 205, 264, 326. Delegate to Brit. Assoc. 110, 269. Fiftieth Anniversary Sub-Committee 17. Geological Section 11, 145, 206, 265, 327. Junior Section 14, 148, 208, 267, 328. Librarian §, 143, 204, 264, 326. Prizes Sub-Committee 15, 149, 209, 268, 330. Zoological Section 12, 146, 207, 265. Reseda lutea 206. R. odorata 206. Reticularia Lycoperdon 86, 222. Rhacomitrium aciculare 220. R. canescens 220. R. faciculare 220. Rhamnus catharticus 205, 216. Rhizocarpon alboatrum 85. R. confervoides 85. R. geographicum 81, 82, 85. R. petracum 85. Rhodophycee 228, 385 ' Rhopalomesites tardyi 58. Rhynchospora alba 169. River Lagan 207. Roe Deer 54. “Roman Engineer : The ” 292. Rosa arvensis 213. R. spinosissima 100. Rostrevor 169, 294, 295. Rotifers 99, 335. Rubus Ideeus 335. R. saxatilis 156. Rules 119, 181, 239, 300, 356. 50 B.c.—260 A.D., Salix herbacea 336, 352. Salsola Tragus 206. Saponaria Vaccaria 206. Saul 208. Saxifraga aizoides 80. S. Geum 68. S. granulata 274. S. Hirculus 146. S. hypnoides 80, 156. S. oppositifolia 80. S. stellaris 154, 282, 336. S. umbrosa 68. Scapania compacta 97. Scharff, R. F., ‘‘ Relationships of the Irish Fauna” 45 Schendyla nemorensis {2. Scirpus lacustris 102. S. maritimus 69, 102. S. setaceus 220. S. Tabernemontani 69. Scheenus nigricans 154. “*Science of the Sea, The,” 209. Scilla verna 80. Seolopendrellopsis subnuda 222. Serabo 218. Scutellaria galericulata 226. S. minor 160. Scutigerella biscutata 222. S, immaculata 167, 222, 386 Scutigerella spinipes 222. “*Sedums” 179. Sedum acre 220. S. Rhodiola 80. S. Telephium 284. Setaria italica 206, S. viridis 206. Selshan 214. Senecio aquaticus 290. S. cineraria 290. Shanslieve 282. Short-eared Owl 65. Sibthorpia europzea 170. Silaus pratensis 264. Silene acaulis 66, 80. S. gallica 206. S. noctiflora 206. Sisymbrium Irio 206. S. officinale 177. S. Sophia 206. S. Thalianum 80, 156, 160. Sisyrinchium angustifolium 68, 146. Sium angustifolium 337. S. latifolium 205. Skillen, J., “ Visit to Hadrian’s Wall and the Roman Camp (Tynedale), A” 14. Slemish 99. Slieve Commedagh 282, 335. Slieve Corragh 282. Slieve Donard 44, 335. Sheve-na-Griddle 337. Slish Gap 157. Slow-Worm 64. ** Sluch ” 145. **Social Archxology ” 175. Solanum nigrum 206, S. tuberosum 206. Somatochlora arctica 59. ‘Some Experiences at an Irish Whaling Station ” 231. Solidago canadensis 206. Sparganium ramosum 102, 338. S. simplex 338. Spergularia rupestris 69. [Proc. B.N.F.C., Sphzrium corneum 165, 341. S. lacustre 102, 278. Spherococcus coronopifolius 221. Sphyradium edentulum 281. ** Spiders ” 236. Spinkwee River 282. Spiranthes 43. Spiranthes Romanzoffiana 10, 69, 70, 146, 169, 170, 179. Spongilla fragilis 95. S. lacustris 168. Stelfox, A. W., ‘‘ Post-Glacial Element in the Irish Fauna, The” 13. Stemonites ferruginea 102, 161. S. flavogenita 161. S. fusca 102. S. herbatica 161. Stendall, J. A. S.—‘‘Allotments and Allotment Economics” 349, ‘‘ Mam- mals of Ireland” 267, ‘‘ Obsolete Pun- ishments ” 208, ‘‘ Spiders” 236, ‘‘Study of Birds’ Eggs, The” 209. Sterna minuta 87. Stigmaria 297. Stigmatogaster subterraneus 226. Stoat, English 49. Stoat, Irish 49. Strachan, J., *‘ Mineral Resources of Co. Antrim, and their future development, The” 11. Strongylocentrotus lividus 62. Struell Wells 327. “Study of Birds’ Kges, The” 209, Succinea oblonga 165. S. pfeifferi 90, 164, 165. S. putris 164, 165. Swartzia inclinata 9, Synchaeta 99. Taxus baccata 326. Teesdalia nudicaulis 167, 170. Tegenaria domestica 58, T. hibernica 58. Templepatrick 273. Terebratula dyphia 176, 1917-18] Thalictrum collinum 336. T. flavum 216. ‘**This Winter’s Night Sky ” 201, Thlaspi arvense 206. Thymus Serpyllum 100. Tiger 63. Tollymore Park 282, 295. Tomlinson, W. J. C., ‘‘Plants of the Lough Neagh Basin” 179. Torrent River 274. Tortula ruralis 220. Trassey Valley 153. Treasurer’s Statement 96, 151, 210, 272, 331. Tree-Sparrow 221. Trichia affinis 86, 102, 162. T. Botrytis 86, 162. T. decipiens 86, 102, 162, 222, 226. T. persimilis 162. T. varia 162. Trichoniscoides albidus 93, 167. Trichoniscus pusillus 93, 167, 278. T. pygmeus 94, 167. T. roseus 212, 274. T. vividus 57. Trifolium agrarium 337. lappaceum 206. medium 156. pratense 99. repens 99. striatum 103. Triglochin maritimum 102. T. palustre 102. Turnstone 217. ir. ir. die ts iM Ulex Gallii 154. Ulva 145, Vaccinium Myrtillus 100. V. Oxycoccus 281. VY. Vitis-Idza 100. Vallonia costata 88, 89. V. pulchella 88, 89, 276. Valvata cristata 103, 165. 387 Valvata piscinalis 165, 341. Ventriculitis cribrosus 146. Veronica scutellata 338. Verrucaria maura 85. V. maura var. memnonia 85. V. microspora 85. V. mucosa 8). V. muralis 85. V. prominula 85. Vertigo angustior 87, 88. V. pygmaea 88, 278. V. substriata 88, 104. Viburnum Opulus 277, 281. Vicia sativa 206. | Victoria regia 100. | Viola Reichenbachiana 10. _V. Riviniana 100. | V. sylvestris 146. Viper 64. | ** Visit to Hadrian’s Wall and the Roman Camp (Tynedale), A ” 14, | Viviparous Lizard 295. Voles 54, 65. Vorticella 99. | Waddell, Rev. C. H., ‘‘ Botanical Notes for 1913” 9. Walckenera accuminata 168. W. nudipalpi 168. Warrenpoint 295. Washing Bay 169. Wash, The 234. Water-Boatman 99. Waterfoot 101. Water-Louse 99. Water-Mites 99. | Webera sessilis 98. Welch, R. J., ‘‘ History of the Rosapenna | Sandhills, The” 115. ** What to look for in a Quarry ” 267. Whitehouse, R. H., ‘‘ Report of Delegate to Brit. Assoc. 110. | Whitepark Bay 75, 219. | Wild Boar 50. 388 (Proc. B.N:F.C., Wild Cat 50, 51, 52. , Xanthium strumarium 264. Wild Horse 50, 51. | Xerophytes 144. Wilson, Prof. Gregg, ‘‘ Crabs” 13, 345. Windy Gap 267. Wolf 50, 51. 'Yapp, Prof. R. H., ‘‘The Building of a Wolfhill 266. Salt Marsh” 233. ‘* Woodlice of Ulster, The’’ 347. Wright, W. B., ‘‘ Applications of Geology | to the Development of Mineral Res-| 7 ., : ; : punces oo enecent) Advances’ in Zonitoides excavatus 163. Glacial Geology ” 177. , Zostera marina 144. | | 1917-18] 389 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Murlough Bay and Fair Head. The Basaltic Cliffs of Benevenagh, Co. Derry. Whitepark Bay from Portbraddon. Benmore or Fair Head. The great rock-talus beneath the cliffs. Drumahaire and River Bonnet from Creevelea Abbey. O’Rourke’s Castle, Lough Gill. Portbraddon—Nesting place of Tree-Sparrow. Glaslough—The lake from the gardens. Broadstone Cromlech from the South-West. Craigs Cromlech. Jeremy Taylor’s Church, Ballinderry. wt yal | ne nike ve ae THE GiGie) Ae (Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria) OF Bie SEs: BY NEVIN H. FOSTER, F.L.S., M.R.LA., M.B.O.U. BEING AN APPENDIX (No. 3 oF VOL. III ) TO THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE BELFAST NATURALISTS’ FIELD CLUB For 1917-18. THE WOODLICE (Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria) OF ULSTER. BY NEVIN H. FOSTER, F.L.S., M.R.I.A., M.B.O.U. The following list of the Woodlice (commonly designated “Slaters”) hitherto found in Ulster has been compiled after upwards of ten years’ collecting in which valuable assistance has been rendered by the following Members of the Club :—Mrs. and the Misses Foster, Dr. R. F. Scharff, Rev. W. F. Johnson, Rey. Canon H. W. Lett, Messrs. D. C. Campbell, J. N. Milne, Robert Patterson, the late W. H. Patterson, R. Ll. Praeger, A. W. Stelfox and R. J. Welch. In the present paper is incorporated the information (then available so far as it concerns Ulster) already published in ‘‘ The Woodlice of Ireland”’* and “ Additions to the distributional records of Woodlice in Ireland.” t The total number of Woodlice recorded from Ireland amounts to 28 species, including those which have been un- doubtedly introduced and which here exist exclusively in green- houses and gardens. Of the 28 Irish species 21 have been found in Ulster, and the subjoined table shows the number of species recorded from each County Division. It will be noted that the County of Donegal has been divided into East and West Divisions in accordance with Praeger’s scheme.t These two divisions are separated by a line running N.E. and S.W. from the head of Donegal Bay to the head of Lough Swilly, dividing the Baronies of Bannagh, Boylagh and Kilmacrenan from Tirhugh, Raphoe and Inishowen. * Proc. R.I. Acad., Vol. XXIX. (B), No. 4. + Irish Naturalist, Vol. XXII., p. 45. t Lrish Topographical Botany, 1901. 24 Table showing the number of species of Woodlice recorded from each County Division in Ulster. Cavan ... aa sas, CO "SREEIES, Tyrone sth . JE species. Monaghan ... Mie AED! kag? Armagh ae Se ae Fermanagh ... ae SOS, Down ai can Oe. See Donegal East Spit) Gace Antrim a 55) LOM eas Donegal West ou Baktoeeette Londonderry ... Aes) SLOW 5s The following table gives the number of County Divisions from which each species has been recorded. Table showing the number of County Divisious of Ulster from which each species has been recorded. Ligia oceanica from 6 Co. Diy. Porcellio scaber from 10 Co. Div. Trichoniscus pusillus 10 ,, PB qpictns: oles. ee aes dr. TOSCUS *'ft0 des Silkiees P. dilatatus a SaaS, T. pygmeeus - ac BLO Fa 5 PP leevisu eee we 2: S55 T. stebbingi a 28 eS Nagara nana ae a Pa Trichoniscoidesalbidus 5 ,, Porcellionoides pruinosus7 _,, Trichorhina tomentosa I ae Cylisticus convexus Ox Haplophthalmusmengii 6 ,, Armadillidium vulgare 4 ,, HI. danicus ... a I a A. pulchellum ae I - -Philoscia muscorum LOr 30 A. nasatum ie 4 Hf Oniscus asellus .. TOne ms. Annotated List of the Woodlice of Ulster. Ligia oceanica (Lin.). This species is only found on the sea coast and is plentiful wherever the shore affords suitable habitats. It is found in Donegal E., Donegal W., Armagh, Down, Antrim and London- derry. The County of Armagh is not regarded as maritime, but Ligia oceanica extends up the river as far as Newry into this County. Unusually large specimens have been observed at St. John’s Point (Co, Down), and in the vicinity of Portrush. 25 Trichoniscus pusillus Brandt. In moist situations everywhere this species is numerous throughout the British Isles. The violet-coloured variety is not uncommon in our district. Trichoniscus roseus (C. L. Koch). Whether this species be really native or not is question- able. It is, as a rule, confined to greenhouses and gardens but has, in a number of Irish localities, been also noted in the open country in conditions far from artificial. It has been recorded from numerous localities in Cavan, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Tyrone, Armagh, Down, Antrim and Londonderry. Trichoniscus pygmzus G. O. Sars. This little species was first discovered in Ireland at Hills- borough, Co. Down, but has since been found in limited numbers in damp situations in every county in which careful search has been made. It occurs in all the Ulster County Divisions, but it may be noted that it seems to be much scarcer during the Summer than in the Winter months of the year. Trichoniscus stebbingi Patience. Without doubt this is an exotic species in Ireland, as indeed in the sister isle, being found exclusively in warm greenhouses. In Ulster its recorded habitats are Rossmore Gardens, Monaghan; Downshire Gardens, Hillsborough, Down; and Botanic Gardens and Crawford’s Nurseries, Belfast, Antrim. Trichoniscoides albidus (Budde-Lund). In Ireland this species has only been noted in the vicinity of the coast, and must be considered as one of our rarer isopods. It has been taken at Bundoran, Donegal E.; Horn Head, Donegal W.; St. John’s Point and Newcastle, Down ; Stranmillis (Belfast), Antrim; and at an elevation of 1,100 feet on Bene- venagh, Londonderry. 26 Trichorhina tomentosa (Budde-Lund). This Venezuelan species was discovered in warm greenhouses in Botanic Gardens, Belfast. In England it has been found in Kew Gardens and in a Hertfordshire greenhouse, and also in a like situation in Paris. A resident of a tropical climate, it is not likely that it will ever become aclimatised in our country. Haplophthalmus mengii (Zaddach). Originally found in the British Islands in Co. Clare, this beautiful little species now proves to be widely distributed in Ireland. The Ulster localities in which it has been found are Bundoran and Ballyshannon, Donegal E. ; Doe Castle, Donegal W.; Loughgall and Poyntzpass, Armagh ; Belvoir Park, Drumbo Glen, Cultra, Corry’s Glen (Hillsborough), and Mountstewart Demesne, Down; Ballycastle, Whitepark Bay, Murlough Bay, Templepatrick and Cushendall, Antrim ; and Castlerock, London- derry. It is usually observed in scant numbers, but at Murlough Bay a fairly large colony was noted, and in Drumbo Glen (jide A. W. Stelfox) it is abundant if searched for late in the evening. It is probable that during the day this species buries itself in the earth and chiefly comes up to the under surface of deeply embedded stones (its usual habitat) in the evening. The same has been observed in Co. Sligo. Haplophthalmus danicus Budde-Lund. There is only one Ulster record for this species, viz., Magee’s Nursery, Knock, Co. Down. Here, as elsewhere in Ireland, it was found in a greenhouse and must be regarded as an exotic species. Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli). This is one of the four species which are common all over Ireland, but seemingly it is not so numerous in any locality as the other three, viz., Zrichoniscus pusillus, Oniscus asedlus and Porcellio scaber. Specimens bright yellow or bright red in colour are not infrequently found. 27 Oniscus asellus Lin. Without doubt our commonest species, occurring every- where. The “butter-scotch” variety occurs frequently, particularly in the western portion of the district, and on the shore at Bundoran several specimens of a pea-green colour have been taken. Porcellio scaber Latreille. This species occurs abundantly in every district—large colonies being often found beneath the decaying bark of trees. Under stones above high tide mark on the shore it exists in large numbers. It is subject to great variation in colour. Usually of a dark leaden-grey colour—almost black—it is often found with red, orange or yellow side-plates, whilst (particularly in immature specimens) the ground colour may be tawny or fawn, more or less speckled and streaked with dark brown. At Torr Head a bright blue specimen was obtained from a large colony of normally coloured individuals under a large stone on the beach. Porcellio pictus Brandt. Though as yet only recorded from eight of our County Divisions it is probable that this species is distributed throughout Ulster. It is usually found in very small numbers, and, as it affects drier situations than other species, it is often found in dwelling-houses. A correspondent sending collections from Loughgilly, Co. Armagh, says that there it appears to be the common woodlouse of the district. The following are the recorded Ulster localities :—Near Cavan Town, Cavan; Camla House, Monaghan; Castle Archdall, Fermanagh; Gortin and Coalisland, Tyrone; Loughgilly, Navan Fort and Loughgall, Armagh; Hillsborough, Bangor, Killough and Ballymagee, Down; and Belfast, Ballycastle, Fair Head, Ballintoy, Selshan and Templepatrick, Antrim. 28° Porcellio dilatatus Brandt. As a native this species must be regarded with suspicion, as it has been found for the most part in gardens or more usually in warm greenhouses, where it often proves numerous. It has beea recorded from eight of our County Divisions, viz., Virginia, Cavan ; Rossmore Gardens, Monaghan; Island in Lough Erne, Fermanagh ; Bundoran, Donegal E. ; Stuart Hall, Tyrone; Coney Island and Loughgall, Armagh; Ormeau Park (Belfast), Hillsborough, Belvoir Park, Castlewellan, Newtownards and Knock, Down; and Belfast, Balmoral, Dunmurry, Langford Lodge, Crumlin and Ballycastle, Antrim. Porcellio lzvis Latreille. This species has perhaps the most world-wide distribution. It is said to be common about Dublin, but seems to be extremely rare in Ulster. Our only records for it are one specimen from the garden at Richhill Castle, Co. Armagh; and three juvenile specimens from Crawford’s Nurseries, Belfast, Co. Antrim. Nagara nana Budde-Lund. A single specimen of this species was taken in a warm greenhouse in the Botanic Gardens, Belfast, Co. Antrim, and was identified by Dr. Budde-Lund. Elsewhere it has been met with only in Madagascar and some of the neighbouring islands. Porcellionoides [Metoponorthus] pruinosus Brandt. This is another species about which doubt exists as to whether it is really native. Its usual habitat with us is in warm green- houses, but it is frequently found in gardens near such structures. The only places in Ulster where it has been obtained in the open are by the roadside near Killough, where it is numerous, and a single specimen was observed in the railway yard at Armagh Goods Station. It has been found in Cavan Town, Cavan ; Rossmore Gardens and Glaslough, Monaghan; Foyle District, Donegal E. ; Baronscourt, Tyrone ; Armagh City and Loughgall, 7 29 Armagh; Downshire Gardens (Hillsborough), Knocknaganny House Gardens, Seapatrick, Castlewellan, Newtownards, Killough, Bangor and Knock, Down: and Dunmurry, Langford Lodge, Glendaragh (Crumlin) and Belfast, Antrim. Cylisticus convexus (De Geer). This species was first found in the British Islands by Dr. Scharff at Tempo, Co. Fermanagh. Though apparently widely distributed it seems to be neither common nor numerous in Ulster, but a very large colony was noted on the cliffs between the road and the shore a short distance west of the bridge over the river near the church in Bundoran. Here it extended inland for about a quarter of a mile into the fields in considerable numbers. Its ‘recorded stations are Tempo, Fermanagh; Ballyshannon and Bundoran, Donegal E.; Baronscourt, Tyrone; Bangor, Hills- borough, Ballynafeigh, Groomsport, Ballyholme, Magheralin, Belvoir Park, Strangford and Ballynahinch, Down; Belfast, Ballycastle and Fair Head, Antrim; and Derry City, Londonderry. Armadillidium vulgare Latreille. The distribution of this species in Ireland is peculiar. It is very common throughout Leinster and Munster except Co. Kerry, while in Connaught it has only been once recorded from Galway. In Ulster it has been found in four County Divisions—on the limestone in Monaghan and Armagh, not rare in the southern parts of Down, and abundant at Magheramorne in Antrim, where it is believed to have been imported from a ship discharging ballast. The fact that here also occur four species of Mollusks— two of them obviously alien and two of an exotic form—as well as some plants not native in this district corroborates this view. Its Ulster stations are Carrickmacross, Monaghan; Navan Fort and Umgola, Armagh; Downpatrick, Seapatrick, Newry, Ardglass, Strangford and Killard Point, Down; and Kilroot and Maghera- morne, Antrim. 30 Armadillidium pulchellum Brandt. This beautifully coloured little species has only been found at one place in Ulster—Ballyquintin Point, Co. Down, where it occurs in considerable numbers. It may be mentioned that this species was first found in the British Islands by Dr. Scharff in Co. Shgo. Armadillidium nasatum Budde-Lund. Without doubt this is an exotic species here, being only found in warm greenhouses where, when it occurs, it is generally numerous. It was first discovered in Ireland at Hillsborough. It has since been taken at Glaslough, Monaghan ; Baronscourt, Tyrone; Downshire Gardens (Hillsborough), Belvoir Park, Bangor, Crawfordsburn, Newtownards and Knock, Down; and Belfast, Antrim. The specimens from all the localities cited in this paper have been examined by me, and in regard to some of the critical species I have to thank Dr. Scharff and Mr. D. R. Pack Beresford for their assistance. In several instances we were indebted to the late Dr. Budde-Lund of Copenhagen, for examining specimens the identity of which was uncertain. The seven species of Woodlice recorded as Irish which have not as yet been recognised in our province are Z7ichoniscus vividus, Philoscia couchit, Platyarthrus hoffmannseggit, Porcellio rathkit, Porcellionoides cingendus, P. melanurus and Lluma purpurascens, and of these, three (Ph. couchit, P. melanurus and ' £E. purpurascens) are only known in Ireland to occur on Howth Head and its vicinity in Co. Dublin—their native habitats being in the Mediterranean District and Atlantic Islands. As such their presence in Ireland is of exceptional interest, they being typical Lusitanian species. pR ES rm NTED a A bP Bead « rite 44 ) 1 Pies G. iWiQ — a Gra 2 Reduced Prices of Proceedings. eo accordance with resolution passed at General Meeting held ee zs ear Igit, the One: reductions have been made in % f ~~ wi ithout Appendices, Series II., Vol. I. (1873-74 to 1879-80) to 2/6 per vol. 5 as » 43 IL. (1881-82 to 1886-87) to 2/6 _,, | oe 2 2 ,, TIT, (1887-88. to 1892.93) to 2/6, 5,0 Le aera , IV, (1898-94 to 1900-01) to 2/6 4, ye ys gy Vs (1901-02 to 1906-07) to 2/6 In Leather Binding In Paper Binding 03/6 P Eighth Annual Report—1870-71, containing Appendix II., List of Irish Leeson m hie. Foraminifera— Wright ; and List of the Fossils of the ieee a of Antrim and Down—Stewart — ... ie Ose Ninth Annual Report—1871-72 an Bh a ee ne, Life ns Tenth ig Proceedings, Series II., Vol. I., Part T., 1873-74, ‘containing: Appendix IIL, ‘List from the Librarian. 3 ae do. 1872-73 of Mosses of North- East of Ireland— Stewart : and Jiist of Cretaceous Microzoa of North of Ireland—Wright, 2 Plates .. 2/6 Series II., Vol. I:, Part IT., 1874-75 ‘es a “eee 1/- - TI, 1875e76 3, Mbt: LV, 1876-77, containing Appendix IV., Recent — foo Foraminifera of Down and Antrim—Wright, 1 Plate; and Silurian Rocks tra of County Down—Swanston and Lapworth, 3 Plates e216" eae Series II., Vol. I., Parts V. and V£., 1877-78 and ’78-’79 (in one) fie Heme Pie 3 Part VII., 1879- 80, containing Appendix V., List of ae Post- Tertiary Foraminifera of North-East of Treland—Wright ; and List of vast Mollusca of Boulder-Clay of North-East of Ireland—Stewart .. . 2/- wey Series II., Vol. II., Part I., 1880-81, containing Appendix Wie List of on Foraminifera of South Donegal—Wright ; Sponge Remains from Carb. cd Ret Limestone, County Sligo—Wright; and Fossil ig ded Coney “od Sligo—Carter, 1 Plate v6 ied Series II., Vol.,I]., Part II., 1881-82... me gee 3 IIT., 1882-83, containing Appendix VIL, Sup- Fe pete plemental List of Mosses of. the North-East of Ireland—Stewart Lilec age oF Series IT., Vol. II., Part-LV., 1883-84, containing Appendix VIII, Notes eva on Irish Coleoptera—Halliday ; ; Cromlechs of Antrim and Down—Gray, tee ue 12 Plates ; and Pre-historic Monuments near Sligo—Eleock, 4 Plates ws Of so Series Pie Vol. II., Part V., 1884-85, containing Appendix IX., Ostracoda ay of Belfast Lough—Malcomson ; Fungi of North of Treland—Lett ; Pora- > ae. oh me minifera of *‘ Protector” Cruise, &c.—Wright ; Cretaceous Foraminifera Sho pee of Keady Hill—Wright ; Irish Coleoptera— Patterson 5 Diane Series IT.. Vol. IL., Part VI., 1885-86, contaiming Appendix X., The Se Ferns of Ulster— Phillips and Praeger ee Fd are ese Series II., Vol. IJ., Part VII., 1886-87, containing: ‘Appendix a th Notes ey on the Sections exposed at the Alexandra Dock, Belfast, with List of a Fossils. 1 Plate—Praeger 4 ose Series II., Vol. III., Part I, 1887- 88, containing Appendix X Kits Marine mek ee Shells of the North of I veland—Praeger te e216 nti Series IT., Vol. III., Part II., 1888-89 ..: fe ee ITI., 1889-90, containing Report of Larne Gravels Committee, 2 Plates age aa Series II., Vol. III, Part V., 1890-91 ... a | 1891-92 .... ok ie ae 7 vo 1892-93... § ae Index... Series II., Vol. Lys: Part 1; “"1893- 94, containing ‘Appendix XIII. nici 5 II., 1894-95, _ ,, DENS Gig fh ‘ : III., 1895-96, Mi) Vs er a 5 IV.. 1896-97 ... One a eter Mme ” +7 V5 1897- 98 - : hee Ke ‘ Pea) UE ei hs s VI., 1898-99... as ca Dl Pte tea * VIT., 1899-1900, 1900-01 (in one)... 32] A Vol. V., Parts I. and II., 1901-02, 1902-03 (in one) ee a ee ie s Part IIL, 1903-04 .., ae . be TV., 1904-05 ... Vs 1 = Ve. 1905-06, with Appendices XVI and XVI. 2/- yf VI., 1906-07, with Index is eaedy 7 Vol. VI., Part I.; 1907-08) ... . 5 Ps II., 1908-09 ... 4 Pr III., 1909-10 ... 3 i TV., 1910-11, with AppeniicesT. & IT. of Vol. IIL ¥ ao Vis 1911- 12 : ¥ VL., 1912-13, withTitle Pageand IndextoVol. VI a Vol. VIL. Part I., 1913-14, with Beers of 50th Anniversar, ai “ a II., 1914-15. .:. ue 45 TE, 1916-16 = ie = LV.; 1916-17 +-. - 55 V.. 1917- 18, with Title Page and Index to Vi x VIL., and Appendix III. of Vol. ee 2 - yee . tere pre ’ AA pf “* ‘ ° ‘ pg i, . od ' . 5 ¢ . ‘ : | al care he ny Nie ls) BAS). } lien! eS yne A a ~ - Dy ¢ ’ ‘ é r « ' 4 i “7 ' , Fae.) ya fare DN y' cdl) hs Pie)" Wy iy Tie Mina Peg OM Bie TAMAS t ‘ 4 ; , y( bye! ' als thir) “if ’ Ae ae, ‘oe fe’ roel is a, : einer bod ’ 7 any . ; . : s, tae nets : P : a : peseser stir ta atts Me has a ; AR : Pate ttre ae ok J “i eee ao a ae 4 Whabarlnn te lecla