A VY N a to resticcad oe _ ; PS we "Ey Pe Bee es we - REPORTS ee $F a gs COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF bi tan: a ah ied f THE ZOOLOGICAL > Pha Ae re Be iG y yt) gas epee iii ty Sie es mS site. J OF LONDON, | ap «ee cs READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, | APRIL 29, 1833, ¢ hs LONDON : . PRINTED BY MILLS, JOWETT, AND MILLS, a ROLT-COUBT, FLEET-STREETe a BE a eee \ aS \, ttf ’ —~ ~ se | Le—-rbgy -0b -kEG 2S AES er 170. ~ O98 HIT 7 egies! Lids “el t=). > P< SanN 3 - — sid eS +S 7) ee sat oS : REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, &e. Wirn the return of the Annual General Meeting it hag again become the duty of the Council to report on the progress of the Society, and on its general concerns; and they have again the satisfaction of referring to the pro- ceedings of the past year for proofs that it has steadily advanced towards the attainment of the most important objects for which it was established. Increase of Members. It is gratifying to advert to the continually increasing support which the Society has received, by the accession of numerous Fellows, as well as of valuable correspondents in all parts of the world. Of the former class, there have been elected, since the last Anniversary, 322 ; and, while the Council have to regret that the Society has been de- prived of 32 of its Fellows by death, and of 43 by resigna- . tion, they are yet enabled to state, that the absolute in- crease during the year amounts to 247. The total number of Fellows on the present day is 2244, to whom may be added, as Fellows elect, 77, making, together, 2321. Tke number of Candidates for the Fellowship now on the Books _ ig 32. Among the Foreign Members they have to lament the deaths of three, most distinguished and deeply regretted, Cuvier, Latreille, and Rudolphi. The number now remain - ing is 22. The Corresponding Members amount to 120. A2 Finance. By the Report of the Auditors of the Accounts for 1832, it will be seen, that the Income received, during that year, was £15,493 6s. 9d. As compared with the Income of 1831 there is here a falling off of £2169 15s. 10d. This deficiency is more than accounted for by the diminution in the Receipts from the Visitors to the Gardens, a source of Income most productive to the Society, but liable to vari- ation from numerous causes; and in the present instance, probably occasioned, in a great degree, by the prevalence and apprehension of disease. In the Admission Fees of newly-elected Fellows, and in that more stable source of Income, their Annual Sub- scriptions, the Receipts of 1832 exceeded those of 1831 by £503 17s. Od. Notwithstanding, however, the diminished Receipts of 1832, the financial condition of the Society was in that year materially improved. This will at once be seen by referring to the statement of Assets and Liabilities, which forms part of the Auditors’ Report, and by comparing it ‘with the corresponding statement as made by the Auditors ‘of the preceding year : the amount of Debts due on Decem- ber 31, 1832, will be found to be much less than those out- standing at the same period of 1831, and the funded capital will be observed to be considerably increased. On investi- gation it will appear that, excluding from consideration the Arrears, the value of which cannot be ascertained with precision, the pecuniary condition of the Society, at the ' end of 1832, was £3058 16s. 2d. better than that of 1831 ; the latter being also better than that of 1830 by £2133 19s. Od.; and the two, together, evidencing a regularly improving state of the finances, which the Council trust will be demonstrated to exist at the close of each succeed- ing year. This improvement in the financial condition of the Society is mainly to be attributed to the resolution adopted by the 5 Council, in 1831, and persevered in during the past year; to invest in the Funds one-fifth of the gross Receipts from every source of Income. The sum so invested in 1832 was £2618 2s. 10d., and there is yet a further sum to be invested as soon as it is rendered convenient by the increased Re- ceipts of the Summer Months. The Council became con- vinced, at a very early period, that to enable them to withdraw from applicability to general purposes so large a portion of the Income, it was necessary that they should adopt great caution in avoiding expenditure; and they ab- stained accordingly from engaging in various works and buildings which, although important for the accommodation of the animals and for the embellishment of the Gardens, might either have prevented them from making the in- yestment, or haye involved the Society in debt. They have felt fettered during the past year by the restriction which they placed upon themselves, but satisfied that its result must be highly advantageous to the Society, in securing it against any sudden reverse, they have strictly adhered to it. Its consequence must be as satisfactory to the Society at large as it is to the Council. With abstinence from fresh sources of expenditure, the Council endeavoured to combine economy in those of ab- solute necessity. They disposed of duplicate animals from the collection by Auction. They made reductions, on the recommendation of the Farm Committee, in the establish- ‘ment at Kingston Hill, and limited the expenditure in that department to an amount considerably within that previ- ously incurred in it: and still more recently they have re- duced it yet further. By these reductions and by continued economy they hope to be enabled to proceed gradually to- wards the completion of the works of formation at the Gardens, and to secure in a few years the full and beneficial occupation of the ground, without infringing on the prin- ciple of investment. In the investigation of the contracts, renewed from time to time, under which the provisions, materials, and other 6 articles of general consumption have been for some years supplied, and in the examination of the tradesmen’s ac- counts, the Council have been assisted, since June last, by a Committee of Finance, consisting of seven Fellows, not being Members of the Council, and of the President, and Vice-Presidents, the Treasurer, Secretary and Vice-Secretary. The Members of this Committee have been most sedulous in the discharge of the duties imposed upon them, and are entitled to the best thanks of the Council for the attention which they have devoted in their numerous Meetings to the interests of the Society. They have not only examined with the great- est care the tenders and accounts which have been laid be- fore them, but have also directed their inquiries to the Arrears; to the consumption of provisions at the esta- plishments at which animals are kept; and to the necessarily heavy amount of the salaries and wages paid to the servants of the Society. Under the latter head some reductions have been already made by the Council, and arrangements have also been introduced which will, it is hoped, prove advantageous ; other reductions and arrangements are still under consideration. The subject of Arrears received, as it required, the serious attention of the Council, and measures have been adopted from which they anticipate a diminution of the present _ amount, and the prevention of future accumulation. The amount, though considerable, is, however, smaller, as com- pared with the large numbers of the Society, than in most similar institutions. It has hitherto been augmented in the statements which have been made of the accounts, by in- cluding as Arrears the sums charged for their admission - fees and annual contributions against all persons elected as Fellows. These sums, though probable receipts, are evi- dently not debts due to the Society under By-laws in which the persons against whom they are charged have not yet acquiesced. Some of these persons, as happens in all 7 Societies, cease to desire to become Fellows, and by keep- ing charged against them sums which will never be paid, a fallacious appearance would be given to the accounts, which the Council are most anxious to avoid. To relieve the book from useless names and charges, application was made to all those persons who, from the length of time that had elapsed since their election, appeared unlikely to join the Society. In some instances, the application being un- attended to intimated a desire that the elections should be considered void, and the Council proposed accordingly to annul them, but they found that they possessed no such power. To invest them with it, should circumstances occur to require its use, they framed an Alteration in the By-Laws, by which they are authorized to declare void the election of any person who shall not have paid his Admission Fee within six months. This alteration has been confirmed by the Society in the manner required by the Charter, and will in future be kept in view. Increase of the Annual Contribution. _ Another alteration in the By-Laws, which has been simi- larly confirmed by the Society, relates also to the subject of Finance. In August last the attention of the Council was called by a Resolution of the General Meeting to the consideration of the propriety of increasing the Admission Fee and Annual Contribution of every Fellow who should be elected after such increase had been ordered. The sug- gestion appeared to the Council to be deserving of adop- tion as regarded the increase of the Annual Contribution, and the necessary steps having been taken to render the alteration binding, it came into operation at the commence- ment of the present year. The Annual Contribution of every Fellow elected subsequently to December 6, 1832, is £3, and the Composition in lieu thereof is £30. The 8 number of the Fellows elected since this alteration took effect, and of the Candidates now on the Books, has not diminished as compared with the same period of 1532. General Meetings for Scientific Business. A third alteration in the By-Laws, which has taken place in the past year, relates immediately to the objects for which the Society was instituted. It had originally ap- peared probable that the whole of the business, both gene- ral and scientific, might be transacted at the Monthly Meet- ings, and it was accordingly arranged that the exhibi- tion of specimens, and the communication of notices on subjects of Zoological Interest, should form part of the ordinary proceedings at those Meetings. The great ex- tent, however, of the general business was soon found to interfere with such an arrangement. The number of the Elections, and of the recommendations of Candidates, the Reports on the progress of the Society in its several Ksta- blishments during each month, and other business, were found to require so much time as to leave little for Scien- tific Communications ; and the Council saw, with regret, that these were frequently and necessarily postponed to matters of more pressing but less permanent interest. To obviate this inconvenience, and to afford opportunities for the reception and discussion of communications upon Zoo- logical Subjects, the Council had recourse to the institution of a Committee of Science and Correspondence, open almost from its commencement to every Member of the Society. Its Meetings were held on two evenings in every month, and were continued for more than two years. The extent and interest of the information brought before the Committee, have been adverted to by the Council in their Annual Report for 1831, and again in that for 1832; they are known to the Members at large, as well as to Scientific Men generally, by the Abstracts of its Proceedings, which have been published from time to time, and freely dis- tributed both in England and elsewhere. The proofs af- 9 forded in them of the scientific zeal of the Members of the Society, both at home and abroad, and of their readiness to communicate the information which they possess, in- duced the Council to consider and adopt a plan for sub- stituting, in lieu of Meetings of a Committee, General ' Meetings of the Society for Scientific Purposes. A series of By-Laws, in which this plan was embodied, was framed by the Council, and has received the confirmation of the Society. Provisionally in operation from the commence- ment of 1833, they are now fully enacted. . The General Meetings, according to their provisions, are of two kinds,—Ist, for the dispatch of General Business ; Qnd, for the transaction of Scientific Business: the former are held on the first Thursday in every month, at three o’clock ; the latter on the second and fourth Tuesday, at half-past eight. The Publications resulting from the com- munications made to the Meetings for Scientific Business will be Proceedings and Transactions : the former, contain- ‘ing notices and abstracts, are delivered gratuitously to every Member who applies for them ; the latter, consisting of the more important papers, (accompanied, where necessary, by figures of the objects treated of,) will be sold at such price as shall seem adequate to the expense incurred in their preparation ; the cost, however, to Members, not exceeding three-fourths of that charged to the public. Of the Pro- ceedings, three numbers have been already published. For the Transactions materials have been collected to some extent, and it is hoped that a part may be ready for pub- Yication in July or August. The Council trust that the Transactions will receive from the Members generally that support and encouragement which will ensure their con- tinued and frequent publication, in a style at once credit- able to the Society and beneficial to science. By the same By-Laws the superintendence of the Pub- lications is placed in the hands of a Committee, consisting of nine Fellows, and of the President, Vice-Presidents, ‘Tyeasurer, Secretary, and Vice-Secretary. 10 The election of the first Members of the Committee of Publication forms part of the business of this day. THE GARDENS in the Regent’s Park have continued during the past year to prove highly attractive, both on account of their arrange- ment, and for the number and variety of the animals which have been constantly kept there. The Number of Visitors in 1832 amounted to 218,585; and the sum received for admission was £9001 16s. Od. The Works have included the completion of the House for the accom- modation of the Under-Keepers, which had been commenced in the previous year. With this exception they have been limited to repairs ; to placing the walks, &c. in good order ; to inclosing the newly-acquired ground ; and to works of formation on the new ground east of the South Garden. In this situation three ponds have been formed, the larger one including several islands, and from these drainage has been effected so as to enable the water to be thoroughly renewed, the pipes for its supply being about to be laid down immediately ; the walks and grass-plots have been laid out ; some plantations have been made; and a mound has been raised and planted along the eastern boundary. The slope and glacis along the western boundary are now in progress, and will shortly be finished; as will also the mound and hedge adjoining the road. The fencing of the North Garden has been put up, and the completion of the walks in this situation will probably take place in the course of the present year. During the year which has just elapsed the : Menagerie has received numerous additions both by donation and by 11 purchase. The animals of more frequent occurrence are of course those which earliest find a place in such a collection, and the List given by the Council in their Report of 1831 of the Mammalia and Birds which had been exhibited in a living state, at the Society’s Gardens, during the first three years of their existence, was consequently more numerous than any catalogue of additions made to it in a subsequent year can be expected to be. With every succeeding year the probability of acquiring animals not previously pos- sessed will evidently become less ; but those which are ob- tained will generally be invested with additional interest and importance on account of their comparative rarity. In the subjoined List of Animals exhilited in the last year, and which had not before existed in the Menagerie, there are many which possess this interest, while some of them appear to have been undescribed until the period of their arrival in the Society’s Collection, and to form so many additions to Zoological Science. CLASS MAMMALIA. Order I. Ferm, or Beasts or Prey. Dog. Canis familiaris, Linn. Var. Magellanic. : Russian. Egyptian Fox. Canis Niloticus, Geoff. Arctic Fox. Canis lagopus, Linn. Bengal Cat. Felis Bengalensis, Desm. Flat-headed Cat. Felis planiceps, Vig. & Horsf. Quica Opossum. Didelphis Quica, Temm. Viverrine Opossum. Dasyurus viverrinus, Geoff. Long-tailed Opossum. Dasyurus macrourus, Geoff. Mangue. Crossarchus obscurus, F. Cuy. Pekan or Fisher-Marten. Mustela Canadensis, Schreb. 12 Polecat-Ferret. Hybrid. Spectacled Bear. Ursus ornatus, F. Cuv. . Order II. Primates, or QUADRUMANOUS ANIMALS, Croo Monkey. Semnopithecus fascicularis. White-chested Capucin Monkey. Cebus hypoleucus, Geoff. Douroucouli Monkey. Nyciipithecus trivirgatus, Spix. Slender Loris. Loris gracilis, Geoff. Order III. Pecora, or Hoorep ANIMALS, Cape Hyrax. Hyrax Capensis, Pall. Meminna Musk-Deer. Moschus Meminna, Erxl. Barbary Deer. Cervus Barbarus, Benn. M’horr Antelope. Antilope M’horr, Benn. Bubal Antelope. Antilope Bubalis, Pall. Order IV. Guires, or Ropent ANIMALS. Long-eared Viscacha. Layotis Cuvieri, Benn. Bandicoot Rat. Mus giganteus, Hardw. Capybara. Hydrocherus Capybara, Erxl. CLASS AVES. Order I. Rarrores, or Brrps or Prey. Turkey Buzzard. Cathartes Aura, Illig. White-backed Vulture. Vultur leuconotus, Gray. Short-toed Eagle. Circdetus brachydactylus, Meyer. Osprey. Pundion vulgaris, Sav. Red-tailed Hawk. Astur borealis. Cape Kestril. Falco rupicolus, Lath. Ash-coloured Falcon. Circus cinerarius. Short-eared Owl. Strix brachyotis, Lath. Order Il. InsEssores, or Percuine Birps. ‘Laughing Kingsfisher. Dacelo gigantea, Leach. 13 - Concave Horn-bill. Buceros cavatus, Lath. - Hawk-headed Parrot. Psittacus accipitrinus, Linn. Golden-winged Parrakeet. Psittacara virescens, Vig. Grey-headed Parrakeet. Psittacula cana, Kuhl. Order III. Rasores, or GALLINACEOUS Birps. Large New Holland Pigeon. Columba Princeps. Bald-fronted Dove. Vinago calva, Temm. Purple-breasted Pheasant. Phasianus pectoralis. Chukar Partridge. Perdivx Chukar, Gray. Chinese Quail. Coturnix Sinensis, Linn. Capercailzie. Tetrao Urogallus, Linn. Black Cock. Tetrao Tetrix, Linn. Rhea Ostrich, Rhea Americana, Vieill. Order IV. GRALLATORES, or WapING Birps, Trumpeter. Psophia crepitans, Linn. Woodcock. Rusticola vulgaris, Vieill. Caurale Snipe. Eurypyga Helias, Mllig, Order V. NATATORES, or SWIMMING Birps, Magellanic Goose. Anser Magellanicus. Sandwich Goose. Anser Sandvicensis. The Donations to the Menagerie have been too numerous to be particularized. They are re- ‘ corded, with the other presents to the Society, in the Dona- tion Book now on the table. The Council cannot, however, abstain from adverting to the liberality of some of the cor- respondents and friends of the Institution who have especi- ally contributed to the increase of this department. To Sir Thomas Reade, His Majesty’s Consul-General at Tunis, thanks are due for a pair of Lions, a pair of Ostriches, a pair of Deer apparently distinct from the Red Deer, and a Cervine or Bubal Antelope ;—to Mr. E. W. A. Drummond 14 Hay, H.M.’s Consul-General at Tangier, for a new species of Antelope and several other interesting animals ;—to Mr. Willshire, Vice-Consul at Mogadore;—to Sir R. Ker Porter, H.M.’s Consul at Caraccas ;—to Mr. Swinton of Calcutta, Dr. Sibbald, Mr. Telfair, Mr. Reeves of Canton, and other valuable Corresponding Members, for numerous donations. The Society are also much indebted to Captains Gribble, Ford, and Turner ; to Mr. Fuller of Rose-hill, Mr. C. Marryatt, Sir F. Sykes, Mr. Hankey, Mr. Stephen of Van Diemen’s Land, Lord Colchester, Mr. — Bennett, Mr. P. Hardwick, Mr. Steedman, Mr. Audubon, the Earl of Egremont, &c. &c. &c. Lord Clare has also presented several important animals from Bombay ; and the Hudson’s Bay Company, with their long-experienced liberality, have enriched the Menagerie with several which had not previ- ously existed in it. In the department of Tue Museum the donations have been as liberal and as numerous as those to the Menagerie, and in many instances the donors have been the same. To Mr..Telfair of the Mauritius the Society owes much for the presents which he has continued to transmit, almost from its institution, by every opportu- nity of communicating with this country ;—to Mr. Swinton of Calcutta they are equally indebted for repeated presents during a long period;—to Mr. Drummond Hay, and to Mr. Willshire, for various interesting skins; to Dr. Sibbald for a very extensive collection of Reptiles, Fishes, Crustacea, and Mollusca, formed in Ceylon; as well as to Mr. Reeves, Mr. Stephen, Mr. C. Marryatt, &c. &c. Among the other Corresponding Members thanks are particularly due to Mr. Woodbine Parish, Captain Mallard, the Rev. R. T. Lowe, and M. Bojer. Interesting presents have also been received from Mrs. Haldimand, Mr. Keith Abbott, Mr. Cuming, Mr. Barclay, Mr. Edgar and Dr. Weatherhead. To Mr. Par- kinson the Society is indebted for the present of forty-two bird-skins from Pernambuco; to Mr. George Macleay for EE ae 15. forty-eight from New Holland; and to the Royal College of Surgeons for a donation of sixty-nine skins from the last named country. Besides the additions to the Museum by donation, some have been made by purchase also, the Council being unwil- ling to neglect several opportunities which have presented themselves of acquiring specimens desirable for the col- lection. But they have hesitated in seeking so actively as they might otherwise have been disposed to do for acqui- sitions in this department, deterred by its continually in- creasing extent, which has rendered yet more crowded both the Museum and the stores. The inconvenience expe- rienced some years ago from the confined space of the premises in Bruton Street, has since been constantly aug- menting, and has of late become so great as almost to necessitate the occupation of other premises, if only for the temporary accommodation of some portion of the collec- tion. With this fact continually forced upon their notice, the Council could not fail to be at all times anxious to - obtain an adequate Museum. They have had various sug- gestions made to them on the subject, but none has yet appeared likely to answer the purposes of the Society. Their attention must still be directed to the same object, and they trust that no long time will elapse before they may be enabled to make some definite arrangement in a matter so important to the welfare of the Institution. The Number of Visitors to the Museum in 1832 was 7134; and the amount received for admission, £154 4s. It now only remains for the Council to advert to Tue Farm. A short time previously to the last Annual General Meet- ing a Report on that Establishment, by the Farm Commit- tee, was printed and circulated among the Fellows. On the consideration of that Report the Council requested the 16 Committee to continue, conjointly with Mr. Yarrell, their superintendence of the establishment at Kingston Hill, and to endeavour by every practicable means to reduce its ex- penses. At the same time several reductions were made on the recommendation of the Committee, and the annual ex- penditure was fixed at a sum not exceeding £1400. In February last the Committee reported to the Council. They stated that the expenditure during the last six months of 1832 had been kept considerably within the amount named, and that a still greater diminution might have been effected but for some circumstances which they noticed; they added, that as Members of the Council they were aware “ that further reduction of expenditure is considered desirable in some branch of the Society’s establishment, and the Farm being apparently the least attractive part, as well as the least popular, the Committee cannot but apprehend that it is most probable that the Council will deem it expedient to _ effect such reduction by the sacrifice in part, or in toto, of this department. Should the Council take this view of the subject, an immediate reduction may be effected, both in the number of animals and assistants, by disposing of and discharging all those not intended to be kept, and a final abandonment might take place whenever accommodations elsewhere are provided for the reception of that portion of the Farm Stock which the Council may deem it desirable to retain, or of such animals as it may be necessary, on various grounds, to remove fora time from public exhibition at the Society’s Gardens in the Regent’s Park.” On the consideration of this Report the Council ordered, ‘as had been anticipated by the Committee, that considerable reduction should be effected in the Farm Stock, by offering a portion of it for sale by Auction together with some du- plicate animals from the Gardens, in three successive parts: of these Sales the first has already taken place ; a second will be held to-morrow; andthe third about the end of May. The result of the first sale, as well as of that which took place in the summer, has been satisfactory. It 17 has shown that the practice of submitting to public com- petition superfluous animals is not only impartial towards those who are desirous of becoming purchasers, but advan- tageous also to the Society. With the reduction of the stock at the Farm the Council have also ordered a reduction of the persons employed there, to be made as soon as their services can be dispensed with. The Council have further ordered a considerable reduc- tion in the extent of land occupied forthe Farm. The greater part of it is held, as the Society are aware, under lease. Regarding the establishment from the commence- ment as one in a great degree experimental, and which it might therefore become desirable to abandon, the Council obtained the insertion in the lease of a clause enabling the Society to determine it at any time on giving twelve months notice. Of this clause they have availed themselves, and the requisite notices have been given, and will expire with Lady-day 1834. In conclusion, the Council refer to the Report of the Auditors of the Accounts of 1832 for an abstract of the financial proceedings of that year. To the Auditors the Society owe their best thanks, for the diligence with which they have performed their du- ties, both at the close of the year, and asa Committee of Accounts during its progress. The mode in which the Books of Account are kept is deserving of the highest praise, as showing at all times, in a lucid manner, the state of the Society’s pecuniary concerns. Extract from the Report of the Council to the General Meeting, May 2, 1833. In their Report to the Annual General Meeting, the Council abstained from adverting to the benefits for which the Society is indebted to its late Secretary. From his pen, officially employed in the preparation of that Report, the terms in which they must speak of him could not pro- f- B : 18 perly have proceeded. But they avail themselves of the earliest opportunity after his retirement from the office, to record their high sense of the eminent services which Mr. Vigors has rendered to the Society, and to express their cordial concurrence in the thanks which have been given to him by the Fellows at large, at the Annual General Meet- ing, on Monday last. His zeal for the welfare of the Insti- tution to which he has devoted himself during the seven years which have elapsed since its establishment, his sci- entific acquirements, and his readiness of access and of communication, contributed materially in the earlier days of the Society to its success, and have since continued to advance its interests. His liberality, hitherto unacknow- ledged, though deeply appreciated, is shown in every de- partment of the Museum, to which, on the formation of the Society, he gave the whole of the Zoological subjects he possessed, including an extensive and highly valuable series of preserved Birds, obtained from almost every known locality, and a collection of Insects also brought together from all parts, and equalled at the time of its presentation by only two others in this country. To the Museum he has since continued silently to add, abstaining altogether from collecting for himself, and reserving nothing which could tend to render divided his interest for its increase. In the Donation of the first Secretary, and in the liberal present of the Sumatran collection of the first President, the late Sir T. Stamford Raffles, the Museum originated ; and the Council look forward to the day when in a building worthy of its reception, there may be placed, by the liberality of the Members, lasting memorials of its joint founders. As in the case of the Rafflesian Collection, the Council have ordered that the several articles of the Vigor- sian Collection shall be marked with the name of the Do- nor, the extent of whose liberality towards the Society will thus be made evident to every Visitor of the Museum. me | * - . i EY ij ry y > - " . 2 “* - i ia 8 H : ' } ‘ Pr Bearcoey fe pete vepee: a, + PY y 4 ~ ¥ ‘ a2 ' ME OTM OST Gat ai So lpecl 4 | - . thi ee Wd at te j y HPAL wilt Pad : . ' | Sees 1) Oe ACH a) jek Sie Pate, Se the ete ok Ln pt hig pas wo ‘ xh as i “aygt ; i thpak spss aut: 4 sf -s © ++ "* r" Laat eT J j OPE! ob) © Pe Lelie Rat ONS vs ae Oe eG RO % ATi Past, beet } I, AD sven eee > 7 vty is AAR e > y. is, Seth ra. ES sptcla dt cette Nofhrge aselye ms eo) Cee hee nal %: ; Sas oes s } i aldee : mt 2 ‘ fe ead “) 4 a en a ee Zs Nas «bute f bp pe ie Bt F THE. ACCOUNTS. sok e Ni miss iwaly ‘gm Se i BR jerre toy if, at ts iy : ah Tagg ONT 80%, head vibe: tet bya igs iy Set d Chia rglinny «tein! ey nee oa vit ety! esl, {cap sf pely } oye peas Allys hive y 4 Bend : iy ‘ im a sven RY OM WSS tL DAILAEL sous one f i ; Pa RC ce eke TG OY RRR ss 1 Fit rhs a fe “} fellin pein Ae oes ne MOAN UALE St Ope nade ssi ny $ tee \ “sy “ yet) icy ies Pa se hk ; ere yn avis ob i Ty F 3 Listes agit eden Ort. if ine Peed Yate if, pee Sek ey vi may xy riie | tcare (VOR PTaRne ee Pes ay 2 | MLL Ah agate r y ee The Auditors appointed at a General Meeting of the Society, on the all the account books, and the orders of Council directing the several payments in the year 1832 to be as follows :— RECEIPTS. eh, Serres ‘Prete tSe the fs sods Balance of Cash brought from 1831,......2...| wccccccecs | sesccvnccere 562 18 1 INCOME. Belonging to Year 1829 Annual Subscriptions.......... Sos Bool ous oesaot 10 0 0 1830 Admission Fees meets eee ce eeees Stal 20 0 0 j Annual Subscriptions......... taleverete A 80 0 0 100 0 0 ( Admission Fees ..... coonscinerioad eles ee |Pascdde 20, aO | Annual Subscriptions................ 330 0 0 1831 Ivory Tickets ...-0+.00eee---e-e eens 3110 0 | Farm Sales ....... fate er erat aise aiecetels 14 0 Garden Sales ......- Pear ce pete 254.0 '%0 —— 580 4 0 Admission Fees .....-+++.--- aerate 1350 0 0 Annual Subscriptions................ 2962 8 0 Ivory Tickets ......-...... misute sister ee Ceo Lo Dividends on Bank Annuities ........ 66°°7 93 WANT ORLA, 0) cisianteiorctahetabaisfateene abies Q 43 15 9 1832 Garden Sales. ..-.........-. Peretalotetere 10512 3 Admissions to Gardens ....-..... ..-.-| 9001 16 0 Garden Guides ......-. PAPE Ohi Aer 213.13 0 Admissions to Museum.............. 154 4 0 Museum Catalogues ........-.-.+5.- 14°10 Sale of Proceedings of Com: of Science. 2 4*°6 oe 14;039 29 1833 Annual Subscriptions (anticipated)....| -.......- ‘ 24 0 0 ENGOME. RECEIVED UN) 4882) 02... err tee ee oe LL ; | 23 The appointment of a Committee at the commencement of the year, to check and examine the accounts of the current year, and the subsequent appointment of the members of that Committee as auditors, have been found eminently useful, by affording ample time for such examin- ation, without pressing inconveniently upon the auditors, as formerly. The labour of the audit is also greatly reduced by the simplicity of the system of accounts now in operation. Since the audit of last year, the plan of the monthly finance statement has been materially enlarged. It now contains not only the receipts and payments of each month, but the total amount received, and the total amount paid, up to the end of every month of the current year; and the annual statement at the end of the year contains the total amount of every head of income received in the year, and the total of arrears received, as well as of those due to the Society, specifying for what years, and distinguishing the total amount received and remaining due for past years, from the total due for the current year. After this plan has been in operation two or three years, it will furnish the means of judging whether a reasonable proportion of the arrears is received in any given time (it being part of the monthly as well as the annual statement), or whether in- ereased exertions should not be used to collect them. ‘The annual statement of the expenditure shows also, besides the sums actually paid, the amount remaining unpaid on each head of expenditure at the end of the year; and also the sum total paid and unpaid. By these means the actual expenditure incurred in each year, whether paid in the year or not, is exactly ascertained; not only the aggregate, but the amount of every subordinate head of each of the four principal accounts : viz., Farm, Garden, Museum, and General Establishment ; and the expenditure of each year is kept distinct by itself, unconnected with the payments on account of any preceding year. These particulars have been extracted from the reports of auditors, and other sources, in the most accurate manner that the imperfect 24 accounts of the earlier years of the Society admit of, and are entered in the book of finance statements, which now contains these details for every year, from the formation of the Society up to the end of 1831. The unpaid portion of the expenditure of the year immediately preceding the audit cannot in general be exactly ascertained in time to be stated in the Auditors’ Report, some of the accounts necessarily remaining unsettled. Thus the progressive state of the Society, under every head of income and expenditure, is now placed upon re- cord, and may be immediately referred to. The auditors, in conclusion, refer with satisfaction to the increase which has taken place in the funded property of the Society, and to the continued regularity with which the accounts are kept. (Signed) LEE THORNTON. JAMES WHISHAW. EDWARD S. HARDISTY. ° GEORGE PITT. WILLIAM BROWN SCOTT. JOSEPH C,. COX. ' WILLIAM CHARSLEY. , y & PRESENTED Nm 4n 2 4h Ar it. iS03 Bruton Street, 29th March, 1833, a a PAN z Sa AA oy RN >; Sei**: 2 fd cs \e PRAL HWS, Mills, Jowett, and Mills, Bolt-court, Fleet-street. ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY. ‘ anh . REPORTS COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, | READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 239, 1834. ee a EEO : PRINTED BY MILLS, JOWETT, AND MILLS, BOLT-COURT, FLEET-STREET. 1834, GHOTIIUA GGA TION IOS ye y 10 ; naighedene He tas be Dye ey ni? POR Map eAR ae Pras Nae ; ti. Hagin Segig ‘4 ‘ba i Yi Net ih he PEO TOS Ba AT aN, CPt posable sir ti Ck : P 2h Me ? ( P to eee wee #294 ohdek tse wh dt PRA aE A 14, SF 8 rae om rater |. 1 ' } POE WE AMR iy t iy aye 40,1. aur q° Was , , ae ey hi iw poy SE TL yas eer ‘ i Bese red Cray, Rey ar NY 0) aaa he Oe AAatine Se PR Le REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. In reporting to the Annual General Meeting on the progress of the Society since the last Anniversary, and on its general concerns, the Council have the satisfaction of being enabled to renew the statement, hitherto uniformly made on such occasions, that during the past year there has been a con- tinued advance towards the attainment of the Society’s objects, and a continued increase of support to it by the ac- cession of new members. In the past year also, as in the two years which immediately preceded it, there has been an improvement, to a considerable extent, of the Society’s capital. Members. The increase of Members during the past year has been considerable ; no fewer than 257 Fellows having been elected since the last Annual General Meeting. The total in- crease in this class, however, has been only 177; for the Society has been deprived of 39 of its Fellows by death, and of 41 by resignation. The total number of Fellows and Fellows elect on the present day is 2546. The Candidates for the Fellowship now on the books are 62. Of the Foreign Members of the Society, one, the distin- guished Meckel, has been removed by death since the last Anniversary : the present number of Foreign Members is consequently reduced to 21. It will be the duty of the A 2 ; i i 5 4 by oP f ; 4 Council, at an early opportunity, to suggest to the General Meeting fitting persons to fill the vacancies now existing in this list. * The Honorary Members remain, as at the last Anniversary, 10 in number. The present number of Corresponding Members is 95,— extensively distributed in various parts of tie world, includ- ing most of the remote dependencies of the British crown. Finance. By the Report of the Auditors of the Accounts for 1833, it will be seen that the Receipts in that year amounted to £14,843 5s. 3d. In this amount there is, as compared with the Receipts of 1832, a deficiency of £650 1s. 6d. Under the head of Admissions to the Gardens the receipts have been diminished to the extent of £1047 7s. ; but under that ‘of Annual Contributions they have exceeded those of the previous year by £362 12s. The income from Admission to the Gardens in 1833 was £7954 9s.: the payments made to the Society by its Members amounted to £5645 5s. In the current year, up to the present time, there is, as compared with the corresponding period of 1833, a consider- able increase in the Receipts, as well from the Gardens, as on the General Establishment account. But this increase, although affording hopes of an increase on the gross Receipts of the present year, by no means implies the certainty of such an improvement. The receipts at the Gardens vary with circumstances ; and it is probable that they have been hitherto increased by the mildness of the season, which has allowed of an influx of visiters to that establishment greater than has usually been attracted to it during the winter months. The increased amount of the receipts from the Members is also, perhaps, attributable in some measure to “the same cause, the collector having been enabled to make his calls at an earlier period, and with more activity than in ordinary seasons. As regards the income from Members, it is evident that limited as it necessarily is in amount by the 5 number of the Fellows, the total sum to be received in 1834 cannot greatly exceed that obtained in 1833, and that if the earlier months of the year have furnished a larger propor- tion than usual of the revenue derivable from this source, the subsequent months must fall short in a corresponding proportion. The experience of the past year has rendered the Council cautious in forming anticipations as to futureincome. Dur- ing the first six months of 1833 the Receipts, as compared with those of the corresponding period of 1832, were con- siderably increased; and it could by no means be regarded as sanguine to assume that the remaining six months of the year should furnish an income at least equal to that of the concluding half of the previous year. So far, however, was this from being the case that, during the latter half of 1833, there occurred in the receipts so great a deficiency as to render it necessary to have recourse, for the discharge of the claims outstanding against the Society, to the sale of a por- tion of the Capital funded. The necessity for this sale was reported by the Council to the General Meeting in De- cember last, and the sale having been subsequently effected the debts were discharged. ‘The amount thus withdrawn from the Investment Fund was regarded as a loan, to be re= paid as soon as possible, and it has already been replaced ; the increased receipts of the early months of the current year having authorized the re-investment at a much earlier period than had been anticipated. Throughout the past year the Council have constantly borne in mind the necessity of persevering in the system of investing one-fifth of the gross receipts of the Society, and the investment has accordingly been made whenever the state of the Cash Balance was such as to authorize it. The amount so invested since the last Annual General Meeting is £2231 8s. 3d.; and there still remains due tothe Invest= ment Fund a sum which will be added to it as soon as it is rendered practicable by the increased Garden Receipts of the approaching summer months. 6 That the total amount accruing, during the last year, due to the Investment Fund, was not actually invested, was owing chiefly to the great expense of the works undertaken and completed at the Gardens. Of these the principal part, such as the enclosing and laying out of the newly acquired ground, could not with propriety have been longer delayed ; while the remainder were highly desirable, with the view of avoiding the necessity of removing from the Gardens, as had been done in the previous year, some portion of the stock, to premises temporarily hired for their accommodation. The ex- penditure incurred in the Garden Establishment during 1833, for buildings, works, repairs, materials, and Garden Expen- ses, was £3569 1s. 10d. The total expenditure paid in the year was £13,154 12s. 6d. In the checking of this large expenditure, the Council have continued to receive the assistance of the Committee of Finance, to whom are referred for examination, previously to their payment, all bills, except for articles purchased or specially ordered by the Council. To the Committee have also been referred the tenders for the supply on con- tract of the various articles of ordinary use ; as well as the tenders for most of the works performed during the last year. The zeal and punctuality with which the Members of the Finance Committee have discharged their arduous duties have been acknowledged with gratitude by the Council, and they are highly deserving of the thanks of the Society at large. The Council conclude their review of this department by the remark, that the improvement in the Society’s Finances on the 3lst of December last, as compared with their condi- tion at the end of 1832, was £1769 3s. 11d. In 1832 the improvement was £3058 16s. 2d., and that of 1831 was £2133 19s. Od. The total improvement in the financial condition of the Society during the last three years is con- sequently £6961 19s. Id. In calculating the financial improvement the Council have abstained from reckoning on the - Arrears, the value of which is too uncertain to admit of being esti- mated with any approach to correctness. The Arrears are a constantly increasing head in the Society’s Accounts, and necessarily so, for those who are in arrear of their Annual Contributions for several years, without the intention of dis- charging them, add annually on the Ist of January a new amount to the already outstanding account against them. The Council have felt strongly the importance of removing such persons from the Society, and of relieving the books from accounts representing an uncertain and almost fictitious value: and they have accordingly again directed that those Fellows who are in arrear prior to 1833 should be written to and be urged to make good their payments. Failing this, the Council would be anxious to remove them from the Society, to the support of which they in no degree contribute. At present their removal could only be effected by expulsion, the forms attendant on which involve an exposure so nearly public as to render it unpleasant to resort, voluntarily to so marked a proceeding. The Council have therefore been in- duced to devise a method by which the removal of any Fel- low who shall be two years in arrear, shall, after due notice given to him, be compulsory, unless on special grounds : the removal to be effected by an act of the Council, and the person to be capable of being re-instated on the payment, within two years, of his arrears. A By-law to this effect has _been submitted to a General Meeting of the Society, and is now suspended in the Meeting-Room: it will be balloted for on June 5. » ‘ Publications. The Committee of Publication, which was first formally appointed at the last Annual General Meeting, has performed throughout the year the several duties intrusted to it. The Proceedings of the General Meetings for Scientific Business have been published under its superintendence, and have been extensively distributed both at home and abroad, 8 in a manner similar to that which had previously been fol- lowed with respect to the Proceedings of the Committee of Science and Correspondence. Of the Transactions one Part has also appeared. It was published in August last, and has been favourably received as well by the Members of the Society as by the public. The number of copies already sold is 262. Copies have been presented to the libraries of many of the most important scientific societies in Great Britain, on the Continent of Europe, and in the United States of America ; as well as to - some of those situated in the more distant dependencies of this country. The Memoirs contributed. to the Transactions by the active Zoologists of the Society’ will consequently be made extensively known. A second Part of the Transactions is nearly ready for publication. It will appear in the middle of May. A copy of it is now on the table for the inspection of the Members. Lectures. During the early months of 1833, the Society was indebted to the liberality of Dr. Grant for a course extending to about forty lectures on the structure and classification of animals. It included a general outline of the existing state of zoolo- gical knowledge, and was illustrated by specimens, and by an extensive series of diagrams prepared by the Professor. THE GARDENS in the Regent’s Park have maintained throughout the past year their attractions, as well for the Members as for the public. The Number of Visiters in 1833 amounted to 211,343; and the sum received for admission was £7954 9s.. The total number of visits made to the Gardens in 1¢3%3 was 7242 less than those of 1832: the number of visits made by Members and their friends in 1833 exceeded those of 1832 by 13,705. ea eee eee 9 The Works have included the completion of those which were in progress at the last Anniversary,—the formation of the ha-ha and glacis along the western boundary of the South Garden; the enclosing and securing of the additional ponds in the newly acquired ground; and the laying out and draining of the paths and grass-plots in the South Garden. A house has been erected which is at present appropriated to the recep- tion of the Parrots. The open Aviary in the South Garden has undergone considerable alterations, so as to fit it both for the summer and winter habitation of various groups of birds; and the range of Pheasant Aviaries, set up a few years since at the Farm, has been removed from thence and re-erected in the North Garden. The walks adjoining to these Pheasantries are laid out, and require only gravelling for their completion. The embellishment of the Gardens with ornamental plants, at all times an object of interest to the Council, has in the present season been especially attended to. Partly by means of purchase, but to a much greater extent as presents, there have been acquired for the Gardens, within the last few months, 2447 new or additional kinds of ornamental shrubs and herbs. For the presents, the Society is principally in- indebted to the Curator of the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew; to the several Curators of the Botanic Gardens of Oxford, Cambridge, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Manchester, and Birmingham; to Sir Robert Heron; to Mr. Hamilton; to Mr. Cox; to Mr. W. Taylor, who has for many years libe- rally assisted the Society, both in its Gardens and in its Me- nagerie ; and, finally, to Mr. Sabine, under whose directions the purchases were made, and by whose exertions the greater number of the presents were obtained. The Menagerie has continued to exhibit a collection of animals of great extent and interest. The number of species and marked 10 varieties of Muinmalia contained in it has rarely fallen, at any period of the year, below 140: of the species of Birds the average number has been nearly 200. The total number of individual animals in the Gardens and at the Lake has generally exceeded 1000; on the present day it amounts to 1002. The Additions to the Lists of Animals exhibited in previous years have not been in the present year numerous, as was, indeed, anticipated in the Report of the Council at the last Anniversary ; but they include several of considerable rarity, and others which appear to have been unknown to science previously to their arrivalin the Society’s collection. CLASS MAMMALIA. Egyptian Dog. Canis familaris, Linn, var. Malbrouck Monkey. Cercopithecus tephrops, Benn. Bearded Capuchin Monkey. Cebus barbatus, Geoff. Red-handed Tamarin Monkey. Midus rufimanus, Geoff. Black Lemur. Lemur niger, Geoff. Red-fronted Lemur. Lemur rufifrons, Benn. Bush Kangaroo. Macropus Oualabatus, Less. Bristly Kangaroo-Rat. Hypsiprymnus setosus, Ogilby. Irish Hare. Lepus Hibernicus, Yarr. CLASS AVES. Secretary Vulture. Gypogeranus serpentarius, Il. Egyptian Vulture. Neophron Percnopterus, Sav. Kolbe’s Vulture. Vultwr Kolbii. Daud. Grenadier Grosbeak. Lowxia Oryx, Linn. Weaver Bird. Ploceus Philippinus, Cuv. . Golden-eyed Parrot. Psittacus chrysophthalmus, Gould. Grey-breasted Parrakeet. Psit/aca murina. New Holland Ground Parrakeet. Platycercus Nove Hol- landie, Vig. Purple-crested Touraco. Corythaia porphyreolopha, Vig. - —— ee il Red Grouse. Tetrao Scoticus, Lath. Cape Crowned Crane. Anthropéides Regulorum, Licht. Buff-headed Heron. Ardea russata, Temm. By the addition of the animals just enumerated to those of which Lists have been published in previous Reports of the Council, it will be seen that the Menagerie has already contained 209 species of Mammalia, and 276 species of Birds; besides numerous marked varieties and many hybrids. In the preservation of the health of this extensive col- lection some improvements have been attempted since the last Anniversary, from which beneficial results are anti- cipated. The Medical Superintendent not only visits the Gardens at stated periods in each week, attends to fhe ailments of the animals, and records in his Journal their diseases and the remedies employed for them; but he also, in conjunction with the Head-Keeper, reports to each regular meeting of the Council as to the general state of the Menagerie, and on any special case of recent occur~ rence, These Reports, together with the Journal, are pre- served for reference; and the arrangement will probably prove not merely of present advantage, but of permanent utility, by the collection of a body of facts for future guid- ance. Of the additions to the collection of living animals which have been made during the past year, a large proportion is due to the liberality of the Members and friends of the Society. The Donations to the Menagerie are recorded, with the other presents, in the Donation Book which is now on the table. But the Donors, upwards of a hundred in number, are too numerous to be here particu- Jarized. The President, Lord Stanley, has added from his private collection various animals which were desirable for that of the Society ; the Earl of Egremont has continued to assist it; Major General Sir C. Colvile, and Lieutenant 12 General Sir Lowry Cole, have each, on their return from their respective governments, presented animals brought by them from the Mauritius and the Cape of Good Hope; Lady William Bentinck has forwarded from India some of the zoological treasures of that country ; Captains Lindsay, Innis, Bathie, Redman, Fremantle, Willis, Stevens, Heathorn, Percival, &c. have also been donors to the Menagerie in the course of the past year; and donations of interest have been received from Mr. J. H. Lance of Demerara, the Rev. R. Davis of Montreal, Admiral Briggs, Mr. E. C. Newcome, Mr. Audubon, and Mr. J. Hearne of Hayti; as well as from Mr. Hornby and Mr. Blackburn, to the latter of whom the Society is indebted for a pair of Tigers. Sir Thomas Reade, His Majesty’s Consul-General at Tunis, whose munificent donation was recorded in the last Annual Report, has in- creased his claims on the gratitude of the Society by pre- senting to it, at several times in the course of the present year, three Kolbe’s Vultures, an Egyptian Vulture, a Lem- mer-Geyer, and numerous Pigeons. From among the duplicate animals of. the Collection at the Gardens, and from the stock at the Farm, selections have been made from time to time, which have been disposed of by public auction. A few have also been sold by private contract, the Council having availed themselves of a favour able opportunity which occurred at the commencement of the year for parting with several upon terms highly advantageous to the Society. The Council have also the satisfaction of stating that they have been enabled to offer to present, on the part of the Society, to the Menagerie of the King of Prussia, several animals which were stated to be desirable for that collection. The offer has been graciously and thankfully accepted. Among the additions to the Collection by breeding, there are some of sufficient interest to require that they should be specially noticed. Such are the rearing of several broods of the Carolina or Summer Duck, and of a brood of the rare and beautiful Mandarin Duck of China. From the magnifi- —_—- 13 cent Reeves’s Pheasant, of which an individual has for several years attracted universal notice in the Gardens, a cross race was obtained during the last summer, of which one male remains alive; no female of the Reeves’s Pheasant has yet been brought to Europe, or even, it is believed, to Canton. A Crested Porcupine has produced young at the Gardens, as has also a Rhesus Monkey; and in the course of the last two or three years young have been repeatedly bred from the Weasel-headed Armadillo. The Cereopsis Geese, the Emeus, the Wapiti, Axis and Virginian Deer, and several other animals, have continued to breed freely at the Farm. / The Council have been for the present disappointed in the expectation which they had entertained of obtaining, through the kind exertions of Mr. Hodgson, British Resi- dent in Nepal, an extensive collection of the splendid and interesting Pheasants of that country, as well as of other birds. Of nearly a hundred of them dispatched from Kat- mandoo, many perished in the sultry plains of India, and nearly the whole of the remainder died in Calcutta. Of the few that were embarked for England not one survived the voyage. The active and valuable correspondent “who inte- rested himself in this speculation is aware of its failure, and is prepared to repeat his endeavours with increased precau- tions : itis hoped that his renewed attempt may be attended with success. THE MUSEUM has continued throughout the year which has just elapsed to receive great accessions both by purchase and by dona- tions. The Donors to the Museum, almost equally numerous with those to the Menagerie, have included among the Foreign Members of the Society, Pro- 14 fessor Savi of Pisa, and Mr. W. Cooper of New York. Among the Corresponding Members, many have contributed most liberally to the increase of this department: Mr. B. H. Hodgson has presented upwards of three hundred skins of birds collected in Nepal, together with the skulls and skins of many Mammalia:—the Rev. R. T. Lowe has given an almost complete series of the land and fresh-water shells of Madeira, and an extensive collection of the fishes of that island:—the late Mr. Telfair con- tinued until the time of his lamented death to contribute various productions of the Mauritius and of Madagascar :— and Mr. F. D. Bennett, Mr. Henly Clarke, Dr. Weather- head, Captain Redman, Lieutenant Maw, Lieutenant Breton, &c. &c., have also added interesting specimens obtained in the several localities visited by them. The Society is in- debted to the President for several additions to its Museum. ToMr. Auldjo it owes an extensive collection of the Mollusca, Radiata, and other animals of the Mediterranean sea:—to the liberality of Mr. J. M. Heath of Madras, it is again ins debted for a very numerous collection of skins of Birds and Quadrupeds from that locality :—Lady William Bentinck has presented sixty-four bird-skins from the Himalaya Moun- tains:—Mr. H. Hillier, eighty-eight skins of Birds and Quadrupeds from India :—the Honourable Admiral Dundas, forty-one skins from New Holland and New Zealand :— Mr. G. Folliott, forty-six mounted bird-skins and one qua- druped from North America:—Mr. H. T. De la Beche, a large collection of Fishes and Crustacea from the West Indies, &c. &c. Captain Belcher, R. N., Mr. Cuming, Mr. Reeves, Mr. Yarrell, Mr. Grove, and Dr. Leach, have re- newed their claims on the gratitude of the Society by various presents made in the course of the year which has just elapsed, in addition to those repeatedly made by them in previous years. The Council have also to acknowledge the receipt of a present of various skins of European Birds from the Di- rectors of the Museum at Geneva,—a present in return for 15 one previously forwarded to that institution by the Society. An extensive and interesting collection of skins of Mammalia, chiefly collected in Nubia by Dr. Riippell, and forwarded to the Society by the Directors of the Frankfort Museum, has been acknowledged by the return to that establishment of a series comprising some of the most valuable of the dupli- cates from the stores of the Museum. Other duplicates from the Museum stores have been pre- sented in the course of the past year to several of the pro- vincial Museums of this country, including those of Canter- bury, Ipswich, Truro, and Saffron Walden; the Council believing that in thus acting towards other institutions with a liberality analogous to that which has hitherto been con- stantly extended towards the Society, they were acting in accordance with the wishes of the donors of the various articles so disposed of to the promotion and diffusion of zoological knowledge. If, for several years past, it has been evident that the Acquisition of a Museum of sufficient extent for the due display of the preserved collections, was required, not merely for their security, but in furtherance of the essential objects of the Society, the in- crease of subjects which has taken place during the last two or three years has rendered that necessity still more impe- rative. In their last Annual Report the Council expressed their trust that nolong time would elapse before they might be enabled to make some definite arrangement in a matter so important to the welfare of the institution ; and their atten- tion accordingly continued to be directed to the considera- tion of the best means by which that object could be attained. In August last the Council directed that plans should be prepared by the Society’s Architect of a building adapted fora Museum; and on view of those plans they subse- quently ordered a model to be made, as more fitted for show- ing the general effect of the building. In the preparation of the model a considerable delay took place, and it was not 16 until February that the Council were enabled to refer it and the plans to the consideration of a Committee, consisting at first of six members only, but subsequently of the entire Council. In the discussions of the Committee suggestions were made that it might be desirable to institute inquiriés respecting houses already in existence; and with the view of authorizing the extension of the investigation to the ac- quiring as well as to the building of a Museum, the then- existing Committee was dissolved, and the whole subject was referred to another Committee, appointed about three weeks since, who were requested to report to the Council immedi- ately as to the most eligible plan. That Committee has reported as follows :— “The Committee appointed on the 9th day of April ‘to consider both as to building or acquiring a Museum, and to report to the Council as soon as possible the plan which ap- pears to them to be the most eligible,’ have agreed to this Report, which they regret is necessarily limited and imper- fect, from the short period which has elapsed since the com- mencement of their labours. “The various points connected with the proposed Museum,, either as an appendage to the Garden, or as a building situate in a central part of London, have been considered. “The advantages of the first proposition are stated to be, less outlay of money in procuring a site ; power of building gradually and by separate portions, and thereby avoiding the necessity of borrowing in the first instance so large a sum of money as would be required to complete the pur- chase of an adequate house; purer atmosphere ; more free- dom from smoke ; greater facilities of comparing living with preserved specimens ; consolidation of all the scientific esta- blishments ; the probability that a Museum in the Garden might attract a great number of visiters ; and the prospect of ultimately constructing a suite of appropriate galleries worthy of the collections, of the capital expended, and of the general character of the Society. ‘ 17 “The disadvantages are stated to be, the dampness of the soil ; the exhalations from the canal, which it is feared may be prejudicial to the specimens ; the distance as inconvenient for meetings, especially those appropriated to scientific pur- poses, which are generally held in the evening, and which might, if the Museum were at any inconvenient distance, be entirely discontinued; the necessity of incurring the _ additional expense of an office in London for the meetings of the Council and the dispatch of the ordinary business of the Society ; the inconveniences that would arise from the length of time which must elapse before an adequate portion of the proposed galleries could be built and made available for the reception of the collections; and the comparatively small value of such portion as a convertible asset. “The advantages of the second proposition are stated to be, the convenience of Members who attend meetings, especially scientific meetings, held in the evening; the greater probability of a good attendance at Lectures ; faci.. lity of referring to collections or libraries belonging to pub- lic bodies or individuals ; the expectation that the Museum, situated in a central part of London, would be more nu- merously visited, especially in the winter or during bad eather; the consolidation of such a Museum with the office of business ; the more early arrangement and display of the present admirable collections ; the better chance of defining the outlay of money ; the greater facility of borrow- ing in the first instance the required sum upon a building so situated ; and the possession of a valuable and convertible asset for future contingencies. '. “The disadvantages are stated to be, thenecessity of raising at once a considerable sum of money more than would be required for building an adequate portion of the proposed galleries as an appendage to the Garden, and the probable want of perfect adaptation to scientific purposes in any building already constructed. “After duly comparing these advantages and disadvantages, the great majority of the Committee beg leave to express an B 18 opinion, that the interests of the Society are less likely to be advanced by building in the immediate neighbourhood of the Gardens, than by acquiring a Museum in a more central part of London. * To attain this object, various inquiries have been made. The hope of purchasing the Colosseum was early abandoned in consequence of the very high price demanded for it; and the great value of land in the best situations appeared to render it inexpedient to purchase a site. * The Committee subsequently directed their attention to several houses which had been suggested to them as suitable for purchase or hiring. Lord Hertford’s house in Picca- dilly ; Lord Lyndhurst’s house in George-street, Hanover- square; Oxford-street Bazaar; Crockford’s Bazaar; some contiguous houses in Leicester-square ; and Uxbridge House. Of these, the last, being freehold, containing spacious rooms, possessing abundance of light, and having an exterior of an architectural character, is, unquestionably, the most suit- able, especially as the premises afford great capabilities of future extension. “The Committee feel it their duty to state, that, as only a few thousand pounds could be advanced from the genera] funds of the Society for the purpose of acquiring a Museunit either the erection of a commodious gallery in the Garden adequate to the reception of the collections, or the purchase of a spacious house in London, would involve the necessity of incurring a debt of more or less magnitude. They have reason to believe that a large sum might be raised with fa- cility on the security of Uxbridge House, at four per cent.; and they suggest the propriety of the Council appealing to the liberality of the Members, and strongly urging them by addi- tional subscriptions, or donations, to aid the payment of the interest of any loan which it may be expedient to raise, and establish a fund for its redemption. To such fund, the receipts for visiters to the Museum should be added; receipts which, the Committee hope they are not too sanguine in thinking, may amount to a considerable sum. 19 “In offering this Report to the favourable consideration and better judgment of the Council, the Committee take the ‘liberty of suggesting, with a view of giving a determinate character to any future inquiries, that the sentiments of the Society at large, with reference to the question of building or purchasing, should be ascertained at the earliest practi- eable period ; and the Committee conclude with expressing their readiness toresume their labours in any way, or at any time, that may best promote the wishes and interests of the Council and the Society.”’ In laying before the Society the Report which they have received from the Museum Committee, the Council think it necessary to state that they are not now prepared either to — concur in or dissent from the opinion expressed in that Re- port “that the interests of the Society are less likely to be advanced by building in the immediate neighbourhood of the Gardens than by acquiring a Museum ina more central part of London :”’ but the Council propose that a Special Meet- ing of the Society shall be called on an early day to take in- to consideration all questions connected with the locality, purchasing, renting, or building a Museum, with the view of ascertaining the sentiments of the Society in aid of the Council on these subjects. With the view of furthering the acquisition of a Museum, by providing a portion at least of the requisite funds, the Council have directed that a book should be opened to re- ceive the names of individuals disposed to. contribute, either by Annual Subscriptions or by Donations, towards a Museum Fund. A book has been accordingly Spite: for that pur- pose, and is now on the table, The number of Visiters to the Museum in 1833 was 5333 ; and the sum eae for admission was “sole ls. 20 THE FARM, in process of reduction at the last Anniversary, has since been: completely reduced. The diminution of the stock previously kept at that esta- blishment having been effected in May and June last, the per- sons employed there were reduced in July to three, a num- ber that was still required for the care of those animals which it had appeared desirable to retain. The property was subsequently placed for disposal in the hands of an Estate Agent in the neighbourhood. On the approach of Lady Day in the present year, the period at which the notice to quit the leasehold land held under Mr. Pallmer expired, a further sale of stock was ordered, preparatory to the quitting of that portion of the Farm. The removal of the animals for sale was interrupted by proceedings, under which the rent due by the conditions of the lease was paid. The stock having been subsequently removed, possession of this land was quitted at the time fixed by the previous notice under the power reserved in the lease. Notice to quit the Society’s service was afterwards given to the several persons employed at the Farm, which notices expire on Friday next. After that day the only individual employed there will be a person engaged by the agent to take care of and show the house and property. From the active measures which have recently been adopted for disposing of the Society’s freehold land, and of the leasehold house and grounds at Kingston Hill, the | Council hope that no long time will elapse before the whole of the Farm is parted with. The Council also hope to be enabled to complete very shortly a negotiation into which they have entered with the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Woods, &c., for the rent- ing, at a grass rent, of a portion of the land within the area of the Regent’s Park, adjoining to the South Garden. By the acquisition of this land, pasturage will be secured for various animals which require it, including many of those 21 removed from the Farm, and others previously kept at the Gardens. The Council conclude their statement of the proceedings of the past year by referring to The Report of the Auditors for the sums received and paid by the Society, in 1833, under each of the several heads of Income and Expenditure. They also refer to it for an exposition of the Assets and Liabilities of the Society at the close of that year. The Auditors of the Accounts of 1833 are entitled to the best thanks of the Society for the diligence and care with which they have investigated the subject referred to them, and for the readiness with which they have applied them- selves to the discharge of their important duties. ie rs Sas + Ne aca i te vat wort = Tay) fang 4 rf 7 Misaemenrente a IBAA sik ne oo Ee > Sa, tah ES aladuniec' ho arth Wale ate MMe aa v0 toa Sages ego epee at my oe ada? bys hei ti nati ek ihe ve ccanenangenentin ys ve titi, tha dl Bes Bie See eM Calek. int ther take * ¥ en “ ee 5 ae ce ay due vees cauetho. “RES, Berey ee Re » ’ > ia “egal so Rise Le ee ny ‘ Cie iat i, RD aime Swe a an diem arti Pat tee Ee hd wi de Sc eA DD it gthORen. tre, Ata She Se A cd bye ee OE 4 cart RE, sae) Nah te ae mary at ORT A. dikes ot price hs eh a ¥ ¥ ; vill bei P88 w ae gees ; Ne t Pak Tri y ty te) He. emt, ~ ae ¢ f t ay * eater then 4 Pek eee Bs oh may + fs saat he res a ®& ae Few py Walon: Pati cfs ‘edaagerntahad gape . ae aot ea ha sa Capa L oe Pe \ ical ile Da pant soci escheat Son at depres Lagat i et ieee Ae + Te < Bice haar MRD cds sigh Diet TOR RO a Rh Bir peri cairn i tee ie ty isha (Pan he Phe Gi api | a mipihe « adn Abi oe es a Aad te Biel e 52< CoP ane to, BG ee Te ET art 7 : » pack ee wr iow Hr ie eae a ad ’ rae ree oe dhe Uy mere meatier tt, sy Be ean (eae we ‘gait oe That Datranl ate see hg ee ae gba ¥ Dae ert AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS. ve F fy iv % The Auditors of the Zoological Society of London, appointed at the their proceedings.—They have carefully examined the account books, They lay before the Society the following abstract of the Receipts and | RECEIPTS. | ip ere a £6. yds #. ss. ds Balance'of Cash brought from 832.0 iwi ces ioclacwoddvewsesleeccecccesvs ce 256 15 11 INCOME. Belonging to Year 1829 Annual Subscriptions ....+¢.s.s ss eeesiceseeseeeees 4 0 0 1830 Annual Subscriptions ..........e000+: 6 0 0 Ivory Ticket ...eccescccccscsencees 1, aua0 1 ae We Annual Subscriptions ......e+se+-+++-| 64 0 0 | 18312 Admission Fees .....eseeeeeeseeeese) 25 0 O i Garden Sales’ isis «ois 01 slope, rwiele'e sols » 20 0 O ac 109 0 0 Annual Subscriptions .v..++..e+++++++) 262 0 0} | 18322 Admission Fees .........- Sy eiaitte aoe i470" 90. 10 Ivory Ticket ...... sja\atgieyo/eTses| lure etolty ita eG] —_ 435. 1,6 Annual Subscriptions ............. .»-| 3325 0 0| : Admission Fees ........ wsibwineieeleo's hMAO2a? (O10 Tvony, Tickets’... sceics sess secslee sees} 192 3 0 | Dividends on Bank Annuities ...... ora AT Tes | arm Sales sits tite se vic Se ce te us ee cite 323 17 11 Seardent Sales: «cies ea evade historias, aiktors 941 5 9 18334 Admissions to Garden........ee-+0s+-| 7954 9 O | Garden Aanidee! '|e.crccene ie c:0.G anata ofepsbsistotes 156 9 O | Admissions to Museum ..%...... ohare ove} ed 4 ade) | | Museum Catalogues ..........ee008- 05 0 : Sale of Proceedings ......... Aicibio ob 914 0} Sale of Transactions. .......c0c0.% 00 BN Vien eWay br ea) | : Es RN OR | 1834 Annual Subscriptions (anticipated) ....)............ | 8 0 0 INCOME RECEIVED IN 1833 ..........|,.,.seee00-2| 14973 5 3 COMPOSIEIONE ~criececisniaune nee's nay vlc ceecccte. . Waveho stata ters | 570 0 0 Sale of £726 15 5 Reduced 3 per Cents......|,....ceec00. 635 0 4 otal Receipts I 1853 vena sts tro Wa. +0 1s (o1es's cosccceccecs| O40 Ounita Mnsay aon maaE | ———— ‘General Meeting in January last, submit to the Society the result of the orders for the various payments, and the accompanying vouchers. Payments during the year 1833. PAYMENTS, Farm. Garden. Museum. | Gen. Estab. Total. — £s5d) £€5s.d) £ sd) £ 5s dj £ ss de Rent .reeeseseereeees 30 0 0} 666 6 1) 50 O O} 3518 9 782 4410 Bills, &c. ......++-+--| 101 14 2] 788 19 9} 591210) 73 4 7/1093 11 4 131 14 2/1455 5 10! 109 12 10) 109 3 4) 1805 16 2 Rent, Rates, &c. ......| 85 17 11) 380 8 7 134 7 1) 14418 1 Salaries and Wages ..../ 249 18 6/2206 19 1) 304 0 0} 538 18 0 Keepers’ Dresses...-..| 16 4 6) 86 11 O.......sssleseseeeeee Cost of Animals........ QZ GROWN AGON BE. Slaviaie aleteltiviel|ieret heietemaiee 3 0 Carriage of ditto ...... 28 11 CUBE AD oie rateveisle cise rateie aielo er Keepers’ Travelling 3 10 Expenses ...... Provisions ........ ~o.s| 265 7 O14609 11 5)... 0. ee BRO He Menagerie Expenses....| 27 5 5, 290 2 6.......... at eel Buildings ............|-- ates datsies| ASO OO a caer seahires’s AU OG i a} Works, Repairs, and | é, | 1835 Materials rary 15 11112004 5 0 37 8 O} 18:13 O| Garden & Land Expenses] 57 18 1].......ceeleccesecscalereegeanes Garden Expenses ......|--.+-.-+0- 1174 5 4i.......... Perctsbe ctotehepere Cost of Subjects........Je+e- + plates titeta'ainta'sie} oie} 190) (OOAOIS te oia'a'e wate : Carriage of ditto ......Je0-+- scene Aeipelestsiajeratt) Ai TOP LO tec selene oe Cost of Preparations... ..)..-.sseeeejeceeee eee LSM Hd ede ci eiere s House & Office Expenses} 38 6 11) 4219 7.... Seat | 158 8 10 Stationery and Printing.) O 3 6 11917 4.......... | 982 8 14 | Disbursements for Cor- Wee t da itaahen SOROS SOU OD od Sonar 3 0 10 Transactions ..... Rs art 5 heap Be eed eres COT eats | 253 17-6 J ae pega oF the faa 791 1 08328 18 2 826 9 1011400 4 a}11516 13. 4 ee reece weer one ee ee | EXPENDITURE PAID IN TUGD cece ceveecnvesesios | Cost of £1791 18 11 Consol. 3 per Cents., added to the Ca- ee] 13152 9 6 i \ 922 15 29784 4 0 936 2 81509 7 4 pital funded ............ ) Cost of £111 14 8 Redacedy: : 3 per Cents., TESEL VOU Lobe ric cfs cicteliaiale «|'s\2 stotewitiole cy Rbeling Hahn as 100 0 O unclaimed Rent.........- Most ot £726 15 5 Reduced’ ..}.. 0.6... eles cece cccsjeccesccccsiosscscsacs] 655 O 1 Cost of two Powers of Attorney no bartione Dollom ac rc bo Be leew. oe Sele aoistia c 2 3 0 | Total payments in 1833 ween En ene dstolea leer 15506 0 6 | Cash in hand, Dec. 31, 1833 BA APIS Pith \accke tS Seca eee p aa tenant 229 1 O | | 15735 1 6 The Assets and Liabilities of the Society on the 3lst of December, 1833, were as follows :— ASSETS. Living Arrears of 9 and , a diag I al Capital Cash at reserve Paltnir’s Kingston, Precious i Current Funded. |Bankers, &c. Collection. Rent. Years. Year. Cash in hand....cc.cleccsccccleccccesclecneccas(rovesssclessesecs ate Farm Stock sold, un- paid for ........ CRGe wip epere'- 18) ew aferp ie tia) Seite ae hae, ean eee £7011 4 8 Consol. 3 per Cents., cost £319 9, Reduced Uy... 275 0. 0 par Conta mete mETT Te: Oe Heese Hallanaqental fir ceseeslens *yeyelasaty Eeaia Be Kingston | 8 eR RO Fo HAO B85 LE aw, a9 Leese cost ..- | } | — Annual Subscriptions |......+ejeeseeees Mastens «(062 © 01732 0 Oe tun Moin Ivory Tickets ......|-+.++++ Bic vee bis ols hs! ot HBL ABH Ol es 2/02 pre = letatte tem eres Living & Preserved / Collections, value (| Uncertain | considerable, a- aa i | mount uncertain Uncertain |275 0 01100 0 0680 18 O936 2 65926 4 5/229 1 O LIABILITIES. a aa | Unclaimed Rent,invested| Museum Debts. in Reduced | Building 3 per Cents.,) Fund. as above. | | Bills, &c., unpaid, estimated | £sd.| £ %& a.| £3 d | £8. d. For the Farm tal Pile) rane 10 5 | | Garden .o.csies ese eeeecee ess (086 8 12 Mapai Tee AN py eihlacnsl E18) 28 General Establishment........../294 14 8 ———| 1105 7 6 Rent unpaid, for Farm ..seseerevceseseceee| 6B 16 4 jeveveveven esi 275 0 0 Garden a i siataralainrelelaeepiersis (e's ¢ 9/020 0 0 Museun, .4)csecessacerseasees | OL 0.0 General Establishment......-...| 31 5 O | Museum Building Fund ..cesececesesseeeslecteeereceiersenerece AAI Ae Getic ae 0 0 ee hp ese sg al ltl eel pee Dates: 27 It may be proper to observe that the preceding account of Receipts and Payments deals only with the sums actually received, and the sums actually paid, in the year to which it refers. There are therefore included in the column of Payments, sums belonging to the expenditure of 1832, but which, owing to the bills not having been presented, could not be paid within that year. For the same reason, this statement does not include certain Debts contracted in 1833, for which the Society was consequently liable on the 3lst of December last. The gross amount of these sums will be found charged to the Society’s Liabilities for the years to which they respectively belong. Thus in the pre- sent statement, £150 is charged for Buildings. This refers to the building for small quadrupeds in the South Garden which was constructed in the course of last year. The entire cost of this building was £355 1s. 9d.; the re- maining £205 1s. 9d. is therefore included in the column of Liabilities, the account not having been paid in full on the 3lst of December last. The Auditors have not altered the classification of Re- ceipts and Payments adopted by the Auditors for the two preceding years, further than by the addition of one head, that of Transactions, it having originated in the course of the last year. They, however, think it proper to notice two charges which have considerably exceeded the corresponding ones of the former year. Works, Repairs, AND Marertats, Garden.— £2004 5s. Here the ordinary charge for repairs is classed with the occasional and contingent outgoing for works and materials. The Auditors have great satisfaction in informing the So- ciety that not more than the fourth part of the sum can be charged to repairs. . Garpaen Expanses.— Of the large total payment, £1174 5s. 4d., not more than £460 should be ascribed to the charge for keeping the Gardens in their present excellent state; the remaining £714 5s. 4d. is due to the new walks, turfing, &c. 28 There is one remaining subject to which the Auditors wish to direct the particular attention of the Society. In the abstract of Liabilities for the year 1833, a claim amounting to £294 14s, 8d. is specified as arising from the General Establishment. The Auditors conceive it important to the Society at large, and due to one of its principal offi- cers, to state explicitly how the chief part of this charge has arisen, and why it is unpaid. They therefore submit the following extract from the Minutes of Council, dated May 15, 1833 :— ** Resolved unanimously, That the salary attached to the office of Secretary be £200 per annum. “ Mr. Bennett having been made acquainted by the Pre- sident with the proceedings which had taken place during his absence, expressed his thanks to the Council for the kindness which had induced them to appropriate a compen - sation for the time necessarily occupied by the duties of the Secretaryship, but added his conviction that no member of the Council ought to derive emolument from the Society’s funds. In accepting the salary which the Council had attached to the office, he felt therefore bound to declare his raga: of appropriating no part of it to his individual purposes.” It now only remains that the Auditors express their ap- probation, both of the present clear arrangement of the Society’s accounts, and of the diligence and punctuality with which they are kept. (Signed) JOHN BARLOW. W. H. BLAAUW. W. CHARSLEY. I. HOFFMANN. | ROBERT HUDSON. JAMES WHISHAW. CHARLES M. WILLICH. 33, Bruton-street, March 17, 1834. Mills, Jowett, and Mills, Bolt-court, Fleet-street. PRESENTED 24 APR. 1508 REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 29, 1835. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1835. eee pyc sf pSenpeer:, ab th ie “see se i ba are oo se Be Ras: ici, 1g etascatee De Re ¥ ° Qremaateht Hero’ eae: 3 Andie: je. en ered iz Noy Z aa Rag haste wmaly), ape i Pal i * yi « aah na Res evs ornate hats ine ne 3 7” ; sins aperau't0" abu ee ‘ath . give yah mary e Aehttehe Iie Tae WE i abies at asi set! a a BE x, tere Hays teat . ha ¥ ven ( ne ayaa ie cele Re eS ee Hee, r. aie eno fe . 4 aah id setnisterd Aap eh RS 48 [raisin he i ae nh PIT a ae Sia “ae al Us : A.” nh Ora oie, a4 ae Mikes Ly rca oN a » Fee ang nee gia ae) SHE 2 bidst'| yen a ddiv oad S wy ps Pictish yeh yah A! caeiaueed ee C8 rit A whnrad uae be 2 i pas sae Me Fesok STEIN at Naty wt oe sb OES Cet yah free ils. hfio18 hte Qt Ae gi sot sath: ; ie mT, a * Siilygne rt ee Fee aia inl oh saront - Ya ae 4 Salen “ ee ne . R * aa foie ie “pit: Pn s eyeit “a re eet: a ae a aR AA A iat CF —— REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. Wiru the return of the Annual General Meeting it has again become the duty of the Council to report on the pro- gress of the Society since the last Anniversary, and on its general concerns; and they have again the gratification of renewing the statement that both the one and the other are highly satisfactory. The scientifie objects of the Institution have, during the past year, been actively pursued ; the num- ber of its Members has been considerably increased ; and its financial condition has been materially improved. The increase in the number of Members since the last Annual General Meeting has been greater than in any preceding year of the Society’s existence, with the exception of that in which it first became active. The num- ber of Fellows elected since April, 1834, has been 385; and the resignations having been 62, and the deaths 49, the actual increase in this class is 274. The total number of Fellows and Fellows Elect on the present day is 2804, The Candidates for the Fellowship now on the books are51. The vacancies which existed in the List of Foreign Mem- bers at the last Anniversary have been supplied by the elec- tion of MM. Audouin, Carus, Tiedemann, and Valenciennes. A 2 ; 4 Another vacancy has since occurred by the recent death of the lamented Say. The number of the Foreign Members is consequently 24. The Honorary Members remain, as at the last Anniversary, 10 in number. The Corresponding Members amount to 97. Under the head of Finance, - the statement which the Council have to make 1s peculiarly gratifying, including as it does both an increase of income and a diminution of expenditure. By the Report of the Auditors of the Accounts for 1834, it will be seen that the Receipts in that year amounted to £16,833 15s. 1d.; being an increase, as compared with the previous year, of £1990 9s. 10d. This increase was chiefly derived from the Members, whose payments to the Society amounted to £7955 6s.; a sum exceeding that re- ceived for the Admission of Strangers to the Gardens and Museum, which amounted to £7622 4s. The Council have the further satisfaction of stating that in the current year, up to the present time, the receipts are greater by £486 3s. ld. than those of the corresponding portion of 1834. The total Expenditure paid in 1834 will be seen, by reference to the same Report, to have amounted to £12,980 11s. 6d.: in 1833, it amounted to £13,152 9s. 6d. There is consequently a diminished expenditure of £171 18s., notwithstanding the great cost of the Rhinoceros, which was purchased in the last summer at the price of £1050; notwith- standing also the payment of the rent for the Farm, which had been outstanding, under peculiar circumstances, for more than three years. This latter payment added considerably in 1834 to the Expenditure on account of the Farm—an 5 Expenditure which, in future years, will not appear in the accounts except for the single article of Rent, which will be balanced by an equal. Receipt. In the investigation of the bills and in the examination of tenders, the Council have continued to receive the assistance of the Committee of Finance. The zeal and ability with which the Members of that Committee have throughout the past year discharged the duties imposed upon them merit the grateful acknowledgements of the Society. The result of the financial operations of 1834, as shown by a comparison of the Statement of Assets and Liabilities (forming part of the Auditors’ Report) with the correspond- ing Statement made by the Auditors of the previous year, has been an improvement in the Society’s Finances to the extent of £2302 18s. In the preceding year the improvement was £1669 3s. 1ld.; in 1832 it amounted to £3058 16s. 2d.; and in 1831, to £2133 19s. The total improvement in the financial condition of the Society during the last four years is consequently £9164 17s. id. The system of Investment has been highly conducive to this financial improvement. Commenced in the latter half of 1831, it has since been steadily persevered in. By withdrawing from applicability to general purposes one fifth of the gross Receipts, a fund has already been created of sufficient amount to secure the Society from serious injury in the event of any sudden re- verse, and even toauthorize the outlay, at the present moment, of a considerable sum for the acquisition of an adequate ob- ject. A continuance of the same system would secure, even in the short period of ten years, the means of obtaining a suitable Museum ; and its further continuance would enable the Society to adopt other means for the advancement of 6 Zoology: while at the same timé the stability of the Insti- tution would be gradually ensured by the acquisition of funds adequate, with but moderate aid from the public, for the due maintenance of its several establishments. Of the practicability of continuing the system of invest- ment to the extent hitherto effected, the Council, after the experience of nearly four years, entertain no doubt. The average income of the Society for the four years which have just ended has been upwards of £16,000: its yearly ex- penditure, including, in addition to minor works, a sum of £1000 to be laid out annually either in some building of magnitude or in the purchase of animals of interest, will not, at the present rate, exceed £12,000: with, therefore, an income diminished even to the extent of £1000, the reserve of £3000 annually is evidently practicable, and that too without cramping the efficiency of any of the establishments or abstaining from giving additional embellishments and comforts to the Gardens, the most generally attractive of them. . Shortly after the last Anniversary the Council completed the investment up to the end of 1833. They have the satis- faction of reporting that the present state of the Cash Balance is such as to authorize its completion to the end of 1834. The Council have regarded as invested the expenditure incurred in the past year on account of a series of works by which a considerable saving will be made in the annual out- lay for an article of indispensable necessity. On the subject of the Weill, some remarks appear to be required with reference both to. the circumstances in which it originated, and to the outlay incurred in its formation and for the machinery connected with it. 7 At the commencement of the Garden establishment the Society entered into an agreement with the West Middlesex Water Works Company for a supply of water adequate to the wants of the Menagerie and of the Gardens ; and by a subse- quent agreement the annual rent for this supply was settled at. £200, at which it remained for several years. In the au- tumn of 1833, however, it having appeared to the Directors of that Company, from calculations made at its Reservoir, that this rate of remuneration was inadequate for the quan- tity of water supplied to the Gardens, they proposed a new arrangement, which, while it involved an outlay for a Reser- voir, would have required (assuming their calculations to be correct) an annual rent of upwards of £450. With the view of avoiding, if possible, so heavy an annual charge, the Council referred the whole subject to the consi- deration of a Committee, on whose report it was subsequently determined to endeavour to obtain for the Society an inde- pendent supply of water by penetrating to the deep springs. Contracts were consequently entered into, and the well which is now in operation at the Gardens was sunk. After pene- trating through the London clay to the depth of 140 feet, and through the plastic clay (interrupted by a thin stratum of a whitish colour and very sandy) for 40 feet, the boring was commenced ; and the variegated sand containing peb- bles of chalk flints, in which the deep springs are, was reached in about 10 feet more; making the total depth from the surface to the spring rather greater than 190 feet. The water rose rapidly in the well, and soon attained its or- dinary level, which is somewhat less than 120 feet from the surface of the ground. The diameter of the well is 7 feet 6 inches ; that of the copper tube used in the boring is 9 inches. To raise the water from so great a depth considerable force was evidently necessary, and this had been provided for by 8 the preparation of a condensing steam-engine calculated at a six-horse power, and of pumps estimated to throw upwards of 100 gallons per minute. These deliver the water into a main, which is connected with the ordinary service mains of the whole of the Garden, and also with a Reservoir, capable of containing about 12,000 barrels, which has been formed on the highest point of the ground now in the Society’s oc- cupation. For the reception of the Engine and its Boiler a substantial Engine-House has been erected adjoining to the Well, near the Winter Repository in the North Garden. The total charge on account of these several works and of the machinery amounts to about £1800. The annual out- lay for working the machinery and for its repairs may be esti- mated, for the first seven years, at about £85. The Council are as yet unable to report with accuracy either the rate at which the water rises into the well or the quantity per minute delivered by the machinery: but it will be satisfactory to the Members to learn that the whole of the water used in the Gardens during the last four months has been derived from that source. For several months prior to the 23rd of December last the rent paid to the West Middle- sex Water Works Company was £50 monthly. One other subject connected with Finance requires to be noticed. The By-Law respecting Arrears, which was adverted to in the last Annual Report, has since _ been enacted. By it the Council are required, whenever any Fellow shall be in arrear for two years on any Anniversary, to give notice to him. that unless his arrears are paid pre- viously to the expiration of the current year he will be re- moved from the Society ; and, should he neglect so to pay them, they are further required to remove him, unless on special grounds they shall otherwise order: but a Fellow so 9 yemoved may be re-instated by the Council, within two years, on the payment of the sums due by him. On this By-Law the Council will immediately have to act. Publications. Since the last Annual General Meeting two Parts of the Transactions (the Second and the Third) have been pub- lished ; and materials for the Fourth Part have been col- lected to such an extent as to justify the hope that it may appear in the course of the present season. The Proceedings have also continued to be published in monthly Numbers as usual. Both the one and the other have been well received, and have been extensively circulated in this and in other coun- tries. The Proceedings are given to all the Members of the Society who apply for them; and are forwarded, as oppor- tunities offer, to the Foreign and Corresponding Members, with whom they contribute materially to the maintenance of an occasional intercourse. The Transactions, as well as the Proceedings, have been presented to the libraries of most of the distinguished Societies abroad, as well as to the more important of the Scientific Societies of our own country. The care and diligence with which the preparation of these works has been superintended by the Committee of Publi- cation, and the assiduity with which that Committee has discharged the other duties entrusted to it, are well deserv- ing of the best thanks of the Society. THE GARDENS have continued throughout the year to attract a considerable influx of Visitors, the number of whom, in 1834, amounted to 208,583. In 10 1833 the number was 211,343. The total number of visits made by Members and their friends in 1834 exceeded those of 1833 by 5428. The Money received from Strangers for Admission to the Gardens during the past year amounted to £7545 1s. In the preceding year the receipts were £7954 Qs. The Increase in the Gardens, referred to in the last Annual Report, has since been effected by the acquisition, at the yearly rent of six Guineas per acre, ‘of ten acres of pasturage ground along the south-western verge of the South Garden. The separation of this land from the adjoining pasturage in the Regent’s Park by a high strained wire fence has been one of the Works of the year which is just concluded; and another has been the planting of a strong hedge and the setting up of a fence along the eastern boundary of the South Garden, which may now be approached by the public. The recent opening to the public, by the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Woods, &c., of the adjoining Mall will, however, it is hoped, be produc- tive of an additional convenience to the Visitors of the Gar- dens, by allowing of an Exit Gate being made near the south-eastern angle. A third work of utility, completed at the commencement of the present year, has been the formation of a system of deep drainage for the greater part of the South Garden,—a drain- age which could not be adequately effected on the first oc- cupation of that ground on account of the want of a sufficient fall. Another work of importance, both with reference to the security to be afforded by it, and to the saving of ex- penditure which it is likely to lead to by diminishing the 11 number of permanent attendants, is the erection of Check Turnstile Gates at the entrance to the Gardens. The atten tion of the Council was called in 1831 by the Auditors of the Accounts to. the expediency of establishing a mechanical check on the admissions; and the subject having been again brought under their notice by the Committee of Finance, the system was resolved on during the past year. It has now been in effectiye operation for several months, with one short interval for the purpose of rendering the gates more conve- nient. With this alteration at the entrance others have been combined which have materially improved its appearance and given to it a more permanent character. The remaining works have been chiefly those of horticul- tural embellishment, and have included the formation of new walks, the dressing of the Gardens generally, the creation of new borders, and the complete laying out of the eastern por- tion of the South Garden. Many additional plants and shrubs of beauty and interest have been obtained, and their preser- vation has been insured by an improved appropriation of the Gardener’s Yard, and by the enlargement of the Conservatory to an extent more suitable to the necessities of an ornamental Garden of so much importance. The Menagerie has preserved since the last Anniversary the high interest which has attached to it for several years, on account of the number, the variety, and (in many instances) the rarity of the animals which have been included in it. The number of in- dividuals has not, at any time, been less than 1000: onthe ‘present day it amounts to 1034, exclusive of the Water-fowl on the Lake in the Regent’s Park. The number of Mam- malia is 296; thatof Birds,717; and that of Reptiles, 21. The number of species and marked varieties of Mammalia now existing in the Gardens is 132; that of Birds, 194. ~ . 12 The total number of species of Mammalia which has been exhibited in the collection, up to the present time, is 220 ; and that of Birds is 302. The following List of the Animals exhibited, for the first time, in 1834, completes the enumeration which has been carried on through several previous Reports of the Council. CLASS MAMMALIA. _ Small Indian Fox. Canis Bengalensis, Shaw. Javanese Ichneumon. AHerpestes Javanicus, Desm. Ursine Opossum. Dasyurus ursinus, Geoff. Black European Bear. Ursus Arctos, var. niger. Jacketed Monkey. Pithecia sagulata. Silky Monkey. Midas Rosalia, Geoff. Ring-tailed Lemur. Lemur Catia, Linn. Murine Lemur. Microcebus murinus. One-horned Indian Rhinoceros. Rhinoceros unicornis, Linn. Pygmy Antelope. Antilope Philantomba, H. Smith. African Moufflon. Ovis Tragelaphus, Cuv. Coypu. Myopotamus Coypus. CLASS AVES. Javanese Ketupu Owl. Ketupa Javanensis, Less. Nightingale. Sylvie Luscinia, Linn. Jocose Thrush. vos jocosus, Cape Thrush. Ivros Cafer, Yellow Wagtail. Motacilla flava, Linn. Hedge Sparrow. Accentor modularis, Bechst. Tit-lark. Amthus arboreus, Bechst. Pipit-lark. Anthus pratensis, Bechst. Blue Jay. Garrulus cristatus, Vieill. Common Cuckoo. Cuculus canorus, Linn, 13 Buffon’s Touraco. Corythair Buffonii, Le Vaill. Large white-crested Cockatoo. Plyctolophus cristatus, Vieull. Red-vented Cockatoo. Plyctolophus Philippinarum, Vieill. Crowned Pigeon. Columba coronata, Gmel. Pied Pigeon. Columba armillaris, var., Temm. Moustached Pigeon. Columba mystacea, Temm. Passerine Pigeon. Columba passerina, Linn. White-crested Guan. Penelope leucolopha, Mey. Wedge-tailed Partridge. Perdix sphenura, Gray. Chinese Quail. Coturnix Sinensis, Cuv. Black-fronted Quail. Hemipodius nigrifrons, Vieill. Dussumier’s Quail. Hemipodius Dussumier?, Temm. Capercailzie. Urogallus vulgaris, Cuv. Stone Curlew. C:dicnemus crepitans, Temm. Indian Adjutant Crane. Ciconia Argala, Vig. and Childr. Red-backed Pelican. Pelecanus rufescens, Lath. Among these additions the Council cannot refrain from adverting particularly to the Rhinoceros, which, though still a young animal, is scarcely inferior in its dimensions to the largest specimen that has yet been recorded as having ex- isted in Europe. It has passed through the winter in perfect health ; but it is not intended that it shall pass a second winter in the apartment which it has hitherto occupied. Plans have been arranged for a building, in connexion with the Elephant’s Paddock and Pond, suitable for the reception both of the Rhinoceros and of the male Elephant. On these plans tenders will immediately be had, and the building will be completed before the expiration of the summer. In the course of the summer it is also intended to secure better ac- commodation for the larger Carnivora, by the erection of a portion of a series of dens of ample size. The most interesting addition to the Menagerie by breed- ing has been that of three Curassows, which were hatched at 14 Stubton from birds belonging to the Society, and placed under the charge of Sir Robert Heron. The young ones, which are, perhaps, the first that have yet been reared in England, have been for some months in the Gardens, and have nearly attained their full size. Sir R. Heron proposes, in accordance with the wishes of the Council, to continue his care of the parent birds through the present season, and, should he again be equally successful, to communicate to the Society the whole of the particulars connected with his experiment. The Cereopsis Geese have again bred, and ‘promise to afford an important addition to our stock of do- mesticated water-fowl. The Mandarin Ducks’ have also hatched; and a rather large stock has been reared from the Summer Ducks, which has enabled the Council to distribute several pairs of this beautiful bird, including one pair pre- sented to the Zoological Society of Dublin. The Bronze- winged Pigeon has also bred. Among the Quadrupeds, the Moufflon, the Brahmin Cow, the Nylghau, and several of the Deer have produced young in the course of the year. ‘The Donations to the Menagerie have been as numerous since the last Anniversary as in any of the previous years: the particulars of them are recorded in the Donation Book. To the various donors the thanks of the Society have been tendered for their several presents. But although the Council cannot here enumerate the whole of the Members and Friends to whose liberality the Society has been indebted during the past year, they feel bound to notice especially the continued kindness of Sir Thomas Reade, His Majesty’s Consul Ge- neral at Tunis, who has added to his munificent presents a ‘Lioness and other animals; of Sir R. Ker Porter, Consul General at Caraceas; of Mr. J. Hearne of Hayti; of Capt. ~ 15 Mallard, R.N., and Capt. Delvitte; of Mr. Parkinson of Bahia, and of other Corresponding Members, who have con- tributed various living animals to the enrichment of the Me- nagerie. The Duke of Northumberland has been a donor to the Menagerie, and presents have been received from Lord Gage, from Lord Kinnaird, and from Viscount Cole. The Society is also indebted for various donations to John Reeves, Esq., and to John Russell Reeves, Esq., of Canton; to Ward Vere, Esq. ; to Captain Henry Smyth; to C. K. Nicholls, Esq.; Mr. Manton; H. Hunt, Esq.; Lieut. MacClintoch; Thomas Bell, Esq.; Colonel Austin; Admiral Fleming ; J. B. Garland, Esq.; Mr. Hicks; J.C. Cox, Esq. ; the Honourable Byron Cary ; and to many other Members and Friends. To Mr. G. Daniell it owes many of the smaller British Birds ; to Colonel Campbell, His Majesty’s Consul- General for Egypt, it is indebted for several interesting animals ; as it is also to Messrs. Briggs and Co., and to R. W. Hay, Esq. Mr. Newcome has continued to add in the last year, as in many previous years, to the Menagerie; as has also J. H. Pelly, Jun., Esq. : and the Society has to acknowledge a perseverance in kind offices on the part of the Hudson’s Bay Company. THE MUSEUM has also received, during the past year, numerous accessions. Of these many have been Donations. Dr. Riippell, one of the Foreign Members, has contributed several shells collected by him in the Red Sea ; and, among the Corresponding Members, Lieut. Breton, R.N., SirThomas Reade, Dr. Weatherhead, Mr. Parkinson, Mr. Traill, of Cairo, and Dr, Wise, of Calcutta, have also forwarded presents: to 16 Lieut. Allen, R.N., who accompanied the recent expedition: up the Quorra, the Society is indebted for various collections from Africa : and to Mr. B. H. Hodgson, British Resident at the Court of Nepal, for an extensive series of the Birds of that country. The President, the Earl of Derby, has made several presents to the Museum ; Lord Auckland has given to it a collection of bird-skins from South Africa; a small collection from the same locality and from the Mauritius has been presented by Mrs. J. Barlow ; Lord Fitzroy Somerset has given various skins from India; Lieut. Benson, a collec- ‘tion of Indian land and freshwater shells ; Mr. Royle, various bird-skins from the Himalaya; Mr. Wyllie, a collection of dried Fishes from India: Captain Sir Edward Parry, R.N., a new species of Kangaroo and other animals of Australia ; Sir P. Grey Egerton, various selected bird-skins from India and a white wolf; Mr. Bowerbank, a small collection -from the neighbourhood of Quebec ; and Mr. Audubon, a selec- tion from his North American collection of Birds, as well as several Mammalia from the same part of the world. The Museum has also been enriched by presents from H. Taylor, Esq., W. H. Rudston Read, Esq., Captain Varlo, C. K. Ni- cholls, Esq., T. Rymer Jones, Esq., Miss Darby, Miss Anna Moody, J. Reeves, Esq., Captain Hire, Sir John Lubbock, and from other Members and Friends ; to Mr. De la Fons it owes the skeleton of a Lophius; and to Keith E. Abbott, Esq., of Trebizond, various collections formed by him in that neighbourhood. The Acquisition of a Museum adequate for the preservation, arrangement, and due display of the extensive collections of the Society, has been for se- veral years an object of the highest interest to the Council, and has been repeatedly adverted to in their Annual Reports. In their last Annual Report they explained the steps which 17 they had taken in furtherance of this object, and embodied the Report of a Committee on the subject which had been ap- pointed a little more than a fortnight before the Anniversary Meeting. ‘On one point, that of locality, the Council then reserved their opinion. It having, however, been the opinion of a considerable majority of Members present at a Special General Meeting of the Society held on the 31st of May, 1834, that the acquiring of a Museum in a more central part of London was preferable to building one in the immediate neighbourhood of the Gardens, the Council immediately ad- vertised for houses or sites adapted for such a purpose, and referred the proposals which were subsequently received to the consideration of a Committee. The Council were aware of the difficulties attendant on the acquisition, in the metropolis, of premises sufficiently ca- pacious for even the temporary accommodation of collections so extensive as those already in the Society’s possession ; and finding, towards the close of 1834, that the Museum Committee, notwithstanding their continued exertions, were not then prepared to report to them, they entered into an ar- rangement for the continuance fora limited period of the oc- cupation of the house in Bruton Street, the holding of which would otherwise have terminated on the 25th of last month. More recently the Museum Committee has reported to the Council and has recommended the purchase of two leasehold houses, occupying a considerable site, in New Cavendish Street, adjoining to Portland Place; and the Council have come to the decision that the acquisition of these premises is, under all the circumstances of the case, desirable, provided they can be entered upon and occupied for the Society’s purposes with security. The Council are using their endea- vours for the removal of a difficulty which has manifested itself, and propose, as soon as this shall have been accom- plished, to complete the negotiation. To effect the purchase, B 18 and. the requisite alterations and repairs, it will be necessary to have recourse to the Capital Funded, and probably also to interfere with the Investment which should be made in the present year; but the Council trust that this will not be the case to any great extent, as they anticipate great assistance from the Subscription to the Museum Fund which was commenced at the last Annual General Meeting. The Subscriptions announced, up to the present time, amount to £752 9s., in addition to £115 14s. promised annually. Of the former sum £267 12s. have been received, and the greater part of this receipt has been invested in the purchase of Exchequer Bills. In the absence of a definite plan, the Council have abstained from applying for the Subscriptions; but they propose, as soon as an arrangement shall have been completed, not only to apply for those which have been al- ready announced, but also to circulate generally among the Members a List of the Subscribers to the Museum Fund, and to solicit the addition of other names to those already com- prised in it. The number of Visitors to the Museum in 1834 was 4939; and the sum received for admission was £77 3s. THE FARM had, at the time of the last Annual General Meeting, ceased to exist as a distinct establishment. Since that period the leasehold portion of it which still remained in hand has been underleased for the whole unexpired term at the rent and under the covenants of the original lease. The Council have been, and still are, anxious to dispose of the freehold por- 19 tion; and a negotiation is actually Ree for the sale of a part of it. The Council conclude their Report by referring to the Report of the Auditors for an abstract of the Receipts and Expenditure of the So- - ciety during the year 1834, and for a statement of its Assets and Liabilities at the close of that year. To some of the facts deducible from these statements the Council have already taken occasion to advert while remarking on the subject of Finance. On one point comprised in the statement of Receipts, the Council think it necessary to observe in explanation, that the Consolidated Stock therein reported as sold, is the amount sold early in 1834 and reported by the Council at the last Anniversary as*having been at that time actually replaced; and that the £1000 Exchequer Bill sold is one of the £2000 recorded on the opposite page as having been purchased in the course of the year,—a purchase which was effected with the especial view of securing a reserve to meet the demands anticipated in the winter on account of the Con- tracts Pending. The Members will bear in mind, that the Auditors deal only with the moneys actually received and expended within the year for which they act, and with the debts and assets at its conclusion. Their Reports consequently do not include a statement of the amount of expenditure actually incurred within the year. This statement is exhibited by the Account Books under the improved system which has been followed for several years; and as it will probably not be without in- terest to many of the Members to trace the progress of the Society’s financial concerns, the Council subjoin a general view of the moneys received and of the expenditure incurred in each year of the Society’s existence. : 20 Moneys received. Expenditure incurred. Bf BEE abt: 3 E Py U825-6 «leas 14. 0, 683 4 7 LOT he se CRU A Ow le oo FOOL Ate 1625.0... « ROWS hOA Goya 10582°17 5 1620». opps ia a bire sae aa 15 611 Cost of Preparations ......] ..sccseesees | cesceesceees 951 1 6 | House & Office Expenses} 77.19 3 62 12S 0 rat 3 Stationery and Printing..} ............ 12410 0} 5 4 0 Transactions ....ccseeseeeee] cence LMR ANH MRE BAh Gash stall! «coe emasabes Returned Subscriptions...| ......:sc.0. | ceseesseee puiedeoscesasnen 137,24 645 9 7 1882-5 25013" 5 361 19 1 7 0 0 1590 6 10/10,991 € O YOAT srserererserseseesseeseese Rese | ew EXPENDITURE ara 732.17 109335 19 4)1001 14 oli910 0° 4|12,980°11. 6 Cost of £1548 7s.6d. Reduced di 3 per GentSoisi....0s00- ree Mind» atu Love 0 ofeccia'w aap heres pened pelseal 12380 10 8 Cost of £1197 12s. Consol. 3 | per Cents....... TED Hs Vk Meee sees bin ebcksane thbaciacele pabenetiiees ete. Abed 1100 O 8 Cost of £2000 Exchequer Bills.} .....c...0c0) | cecsesceeee acoaeromrd sedaeeae2O68 7 6 Paid on account of Well, En- poie fiance and Bikes, fC GAEw 5855 ROSCA ORE eee a | eee eee .| 775 14.9 Paid on account of Museum | ial cose. ee = ae le a eo e.. | Paar anes cpinatelk cinesaein adesiian aes 5 0 0 —| 22 — os) = Total payments in 1854.,. canine Mets a a 18,160 4 4 Cash in hand, Dec. 31, 1834. wae liestala Beenie 4 “doce ic Bepe ss Cape liveseaasuaeend 527 6 O | 18,687 10 4 The Assets and Liabilities of the Society on the 31st December 1834 were as follow :— ASSETS. Arrears of Living and Invested in} Estate at Capital Cash at Preserved : 1 Exchequer} Kingston. Funded. |Banker’s, &c. Collections.| Previous | Curren Bills. Years. Year. £. 5s. al£. 8s. -di£us.d\£. & aik. & dj £ 5s. Cash in hand eeecescessesees| sesees eee seevecese |ecreceses| seeeeeeee Cost of £7535 12s. 1d. Consol. 3 per Cents .. Cost of £1667 16s. 6d. Reduced 38 per Cents., cosccvece [1526 Il II weeeeoeee Coeeceses lcooeseeee| sesessece Cost of Land at Kingston.] ...ceseee | ceececeee [esceeseee! eveeeeeee [1100 0 O Cost of £1000Exchequer | | | cesesses [esseeeeee(1040° 8 Bills J... capenvneeaunens Annual Subscriptions ......| ......... [854 0 0/626 00 Ivory Tickets ...ccccecsesees| sereves .. | 1818 0 Debts. Contracts Pending. Bills, &c. unpaid, estimated #2. & ad. | #. 8 a. z. Vor the Baran esyivtasetasiccaveares REM OP Og Garden ...... sevliscbasestareentare peste] 4D) OG 1329 7 5 IVMIMSCUM cas sangeseshseex'ns erdovestuee| peat 1 Oe. ao ; General Establishment ......... -..| 242 11. 8 896 11 4 25 The Auditors have to congratulate the Society upon an in- crease in their general Receipts for the last year of about £2000, chiefly owing to the large accession of Fellows: but the Garden Receipts do not show a similar increase ; on the contrary, there appears in the sum received from the visitors, a diminution of about £400, which may probably be satisfac- torily accounted for in various ways. It appears that the general Expenditure in the year 1833 was greater than that in the past year by about £170, notwith- standing the extraordinary cost in the latter year of the ani- mals, particularly the Rhinoceros. In this statement of the general Expenditure is not included the sum of £775 14s. which has been paid on account of the Well recently sunk at the Garden, and other works connected therewith. In reference to this arrangement the attention of the Auditors has been directed to the following extract from the Minutes of the Council, dated Dec. 3, 1834. ‘“‘It was ordered that as soon as the actual expenditure for the well and works connected therewith shall have been ascer- tained, the whole expenditure on that account shall be deducted from the amount due to the Investment Fund; it appearing to the Council that the works in question ought to be re- garded as involving an outlay of Capital for the purpose of diminishing the annual expenses of the Society.” The Auditors have also the satisfaction of reporting, as a consequence of the improved Receipts of 1834, that the re- serve Fund of the Society has been considerably increased during the past year. The labours of the Auditors are much lightened by the very accurate manner in which the books are kept, and 26 by the diligence and zeal with which they have invariably found the Assistant Secretary has followed up the system so admirably adopted by the Society. (Signed) WILLIAM CHARSLEY. JOHN COTTON. JOHN HOFFMANN. ROBERT HUDSON. CLAUDE PERRING. RICHARD WALFORD. CHARLES M. WILLICH. 33, Bruton Street, March 27th, 1835. E“:TED 1D 7iANng PR. 1903 Printed by. Richard Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 29, 1836. LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1836. ho ER Hae ieee arene ot, HY. ia mis ¢ nee ) co A i t af re ”y ~ 7 tay ay oh usd (ld ara Oi jaa SAIL rie atte assis etc icaiisol tah AN. PARRA EH is 5 » Aa a FS i ri ce fate oh Ve etetiee Ie Ader thy hana Pach at CaN | a Kip PT nl da: ; “aA tel mesons ey eT aro OF Oe ROTO TOOR: a : mee whe tal z, bw a yeti seat 7 i : ¥ \ bis he Baines, og hy Riedel gd: 710: 0 = tH F ibe Bit tt Set | rye Ae OF a ' aor “ inn, ad . OK i hips, Rese oe a viMicondl. + Re mt Pat nayeennie AA, sins ail HA MMe 7 Se deaiarce weit te My here Pt ee Ph ee Pu ok Sy oem mea Ms . : , RN aa jaa asked geleleievh 2 eM 8 - 5 i ; UPTO iaAe* ie rare | . ht See ; ‘ re ¥ r ‘ tae (tts: Vat (foi se, we i aon 956th aa AL Ad ga Me A a ‘PSY a ‘ a = iid ie waits dav ee Ce OU onl a * i ; Ad. ia » : : td i y ¢ Ci i oad ie ie tine a 7. oe 1g i ne per , M ri) : al mph 63 a i Dy ait aH a om f , aes ae ola ots ey peas jovene oq bids ty sy ait, Tank an ‘sonia, 5 iat ad bb ext STONY 289% odaaaatrotat a baliaiah Museum. The necessity of this unusually large expenditure is thus shown to have been occasioned, in a considerable degree, by the importation of the Giraffes, and by the establishment of a Museum in which to deposit and exhibit the valuable and rapidly increasing Preserved Collections of the Society. The following comparison of the available assets at the end of the years 1835 and 1836 will demonstrate the highly grati- fying fact, that notwithstanding the heavy demand made on the Funds in 1836, the property of the Society at the end of last year was only reduced by the sum of £1099. 7s. 3d., and in that sum is included £585. 18s. 7d., the amount paid during ~ 2 the year on account of the Well, which may be fairly consi- dered as a beneficial investment. & s. d. BH is cade Wi@asheak sates vehi jesaret 859 10 2 1,259 1 5 7 3 per Cents. ......,..| 10,760.11. 1 9,261, 12 va 11620 1 3 10,520 14 0 = DeCredse’ i: thiicssd) plone Se eeeaadd ye peered 1,099. 7 3 “11,620 1 3 11,620 1 3 a $ ’'The amount received for Life Compositions up to December 81st, 1836, is £11,310, viz. 438 at £20 each, and 85 at £30 ; each. These Compositions the Committee of Auditors consi- < der as deposits in Trust, and as such, in their judgement, 4 ought to be permanently invested. ¥ ‘It is therefore the intention of the Council, acting upon the i suggestion and using the words of the Auditors, that hence- a: forward the minimum of the Investment Fund should be the & amount which has been received for Life Compositions, and 4 that in future al) the moneys received for Compositions should 4 be invested permanently ; and such other sums as the Coun- % cil may be able to spare for Investment from time to time uF may be added, or kept on other distinct securities, as in their Pi judgement may seem most advisable. DS For further details connected with the Finances of the So- ciety the Council refer the Members to the Report of the Com- mittee of Auditors. os - Before concluding this portion of their Report the Council desire to record their sense of the valuable and efficient aid which has been afforded the Society by the Auditors and the Committee of Finance, to whom the thanks of the Society are justly due for the able and judicious manner in which they: have discharged the duties assigned to them. —~. 6 Library. The formation of a collection of Books, embracing works on Zoology and of general interest, has always been considered by the Council as one of the objects contemplated by the Founders of the Society; the delay which has hitherto taken place in effecting this object has arisen from the desire of the Council to devote, in the first instance, the resources of the Society towards the acquisition of a Vivarium and Museum. These objects having been attained, it is intended in future to devote annually to the purchase of Books such sums as may conveniently be spared from the general receipts. The Council take this opportunity of directing the special attention of the Society to the valuable and important addition which has been made to this department in the course of the last two years by the late Secretary, their lamented colleague, Edward Turner Bennett, Esq. The collection presented to the Society by that gentleman, and selected by him with that excellent judgement for which he was ever distinguished, consists of two hundred and eighteen volumes, including the following standard works: Cavier, Les Ossemens Fossiles; Sir Everard Home’s Lectures on Comparative Anatomy ; Linnai Systema Nature; Annales du Muséum ¢ Histoire Naturelle ; Edwards’s Natural History; Latham’s General History of Birds; Lamarck’s Histoire Naturelle des Animauzx sans Vertebres; Richardson and Swain- son’s Fauna Boreali-Americana; Brisson, Ornithologie ; Transactions of the Linnean Society; Le Vaillant’s Histoire Naturelle des Perroquets; Bufton’s Histoire Naturelle; Plinii Naturalis Historia; Carus, Traité élémentatre d Anatomie; Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux ; Vieillot’s Galérie des Oiseaux; Philosophical Transactions, &c. By these magnificent gifts did Mr. Bennett manifest his generous interest in that department of the Society with which the Council would now associate his name. One of the last acts of his life was to direct the presentation to the Library Pe : 7”, wait Rare Ree » é of a work which the Society will preserve with the esteem due, not less to its intrinsic interest than to the merit of the Donor, the edition of White’s Natural History of Selborne, enriched by him with a fund of new and valuable information. The Council have noticed this book merely in connexion with the melancholy circumstances under which it came into the So- ciety’s possession, and in explanation of their having delayed the expression of their reverence for the memory of their late Secretary till the condition of the Library came to be reported on. | But they are well aware that in the present state of the Fi- nances, of the Gardens, of the Museum, and of the Publica- tions of the Society, equally valuable memorials exist to testify the zeal, the diligence, the industrious and ever-watchful care bestowed by Mr. Bennett upon whatever related to the. pro- sperity or credit of the Society. The various negotiations and the often difficult arrange- ments which have put the Society in possession of some of the rarest, most beautiful, and most interesting living animals to be found in any menagerie in Europe, were by Mr. Bennett con- ducted and brought to a successful issue; nor did his industry relax when dealing with the unobtrusive and less inviting mat- ters which came under his cognizance. He directed his ac- curate attention to the specification of every contract and to the particulars of every work required in the Gardens and Museum. ‘The Museum, that centre of the Society’s scientific useful- ness, was the object of his anxious care. He left no means unemployed to maintain this most important department on the scale contemplated by its Founders, Sir Stamford Raffles and Mr. Vigors. That however which has chiefly raised the Society to the reputation it now holds among the scientific bodies of this country and the continent, the state of its published papers, is greatly due to the unwearied diligence and to the compre- hensive acquirements of Mr. Bennett. With respect to the 8 many contributions furnished by this gentleman to the Trans-. actions or Proceedings of the Society, the Council do not in this place refer to them otherwise than to express their sense of the value of the labour which he exerted in the cause of science. To decide on the merit of those papers is the pro- vince of others. The Guardians of the scientific character of the Society,— the Committee of Publication,—well know how much of its scientific reputation is due to the patient care in revising the press, the diligence in examining the plates and proofs of en- gravings, to that general attention to minute particulars af- forded in the judicious and skilful superintendence of their late Secretary. In truth there were united in him attainments seldom found even when separate, but most rare and powerful in combi- nation: wide comprehensiveness of cbservation and pene- trating accuracy of discernment. The genius and high integrity of this ever-lamented friend of the Society were united with singular amiability and gentle- ness of disposition. He died after a short illness, scarcely consenting to relinquish the fulfilment of the duties of his office when physical strength was wanting to perform them. The Council have a melancholy satisfaction in recording the manifestation of respect exhibited by the Fellows of the Society to the memory of their Secretary. The first meeting for scientific business which occurred after his decease was ad- journed in consequence of that melancholy event, and at the monthly General Meeting next ensuing, September 1, 1896, a resolution, of which the soci owieg: is a copy, was mn see ic carried. *¢ It was moved by Sosenk C. Cox, Esq., seconded by N. A. Vigors, Esq., and unanimously resolved, “That this Meeting deeply lament the announcement which has been made in the Report of the death of the late Secretary Mr. Edward ‘Turner Bennett; and they desire to record their deep sense of the loss which the Society and 9 science has sustained in the decease of so excellent and amiable a man.” . It only remained that the Council, when submitting to the " attention of their constituents this state of the various depart- ments of the Society, and recognising in each the effects of his zeal, his knowledge, his diligence, and devotion to the best interests of the Society, should endeavour to express their “sense of the obligations which the Society has received from that highly pineer and most estimable gentleman. Since the last annual report, the 5th part of the Transactions, forming the Ist part of the 2nd volume, has been published, and has been received with the same favour as those which preceded it. The printed Proceedings of the Society have also been distributed in the usual way, and a Catalogue for the use of the visitors to the Garden, and a second of the contents of the Museum are in preparation. In addition to the liberal donation of books referred to, the Council have also the gratification further to report, that they have received from time to time from various learned bodies, and from individual wellwishers to this part of the establish- ment, other valuable and interesting works on subjects of Na- tural History; among which may be specially noticed, The ir eerckaiaed of the Berlin Academy ; the Transactions of the Royal Academy of Turin; the Transactions of the Ame- rican Philosophical Society; the Transactions of the Geolo- gical Society of London; the Proceedings of the Academy at Paris; Mémoires of the Imperial Academy at Petersburgh, and of the Imperial Society of Naturalists at Moscow; Me- moirs of the Physical and Natural History Society of Ge- neva; also the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society ; and the Catalogue from the Royal College of Surgeons. — To Mr. Gould the Society is indebted for the whole of his published works on Ornithology, so remarkable for the beauty and accuracy of the illustrations. Among other contributors, the Council have to mention the Rev. Mr. Kirby, Dr. Roget, Mr. Cox, Mr. Hardisty, &c., &c. 10 The Library at the present time consists of 420 volumes, of which number 353 have been presented, and the remaining 67 purchased. : THE GARDENS during the past year have proved unusually attractive to the Members and to the public. The visitors to that establishment have amounted to 263,392; of which number 64,102 consisted of Members and their companions; 10,028 were admitted by means of named Ivory Tickets; and 189,262 on the orders of Fellows on the payment of 1s. each : these last receipts amount to 9463/. 2s., being a sum of 21191. 16s. beyond that received in the previous year. Works. The chief work undertaken by the Council has been the house erected for the accommodation of the Giraffes, which has been constructed on a scale commensurate with the value and importance of those rare and interesting animals. The space allotted to them consists of two apartments, of the dimensions of 40 feet by 20, and 20 feet by 20, with a door of communi- cation, by closing which a separation of the animals may at any time be effected should circumstances render it necessary. The other portion of the building is appropriated to the use of the visitors. The mode of warming this building has been the subject of the Council’s best attention; and after a careful consideration of various plans for that purpose, that of Mr. Sylvester has been finally adopted. Additional contracts have been made for the formation ofa path of access to the east and west doors of the building ; for making suitable yards and paddock in connexion with the building; and for oak fencing to inclose the paddock. The intention of the Council to have commenced early in the past year the erection of a series of dens for the reception of Carnivora having been abandoned for a time on the arrival of the Giraffes, the Council were induced, at the suggestion 11 of some of the influential Members of the Society, to alter the dens in the winter Repository appropriated to the Felide, so as to afford them improved accommodation; these alter- ations have been completed, and it is hoped that they will prove effectual. Among other works which have been completed since the last spring may be mentioned the following: moveable sheds for the protection of the stock on the pasturage land; the re- moval of the Pheasantries from the North Garden (part of the present site of the Giraffe Paddock) into the north-west part of the South Garden; an additional porch to the Elephant House ; a copper cover to the exit gate in the North Garden; the interior of the Elephant House, appropriated to the vi- sitors, has been paved with stone; and also the passage and corridor of the Wapiti House; some cross fencing of division has been placed on the pasturage land ; and walks and pad- docks in different parts of the Garden have been formed. In reference to the Steam-engine and the Well the Council would confine themselves to reporting the present condition of this department, and stating that they have no reason to anti- cipate that it will in future be found less favourable. The Steam-engine at present is worked on an average eight hours per day, and the average supply is 180 tons of water daily. ‘This quantity the Council consider ample for all the purposes of the Garden and the Menagerie. : The Menagerie in the course of the past year has been enriched by the ac- quisition of many valuable and interesting animals. _ The following List contains the Names of the Animals exhibited, for the first time, in the year ending April 1837. CLASS MAMMALIA. Giraffes. Camelopardalis Giraffa, Gmel. Parry’s Kangaroo. Macropus Parryii, Benn. 12 Musk Deer. Moschus Stanleyanus, Gray. Himalayan Deer. Cervus Elaphoides, Hodgson. Viverrine Opossum. Didelphis viverrinus. Striped Squirrels. Tamias Lysteri. African Antelope. Antilope Kob. Black Spider Monkey. Aéeles Belzebub, Geoff. Buffalo from Manilla. CLASS AVES. Temminck’s Horned Pheasant. Tragopan Temminckit. Sand Grouse. Pterocles arenarius, Temm. Sooty Petrel. Procellaria fuliginosa, Lath. Yellow-bellied Shrike. Saurophagus sulphuratus. Serin Finches. Serinus flavescens, Gould. Macquarrie Ground Parrakeet. Platycercus Pacificus, Vig. African Sparrow. Pyrgita simplex. Brazilian Love Birds. Psittaculus passerinus, Spix. The total number of a species (including those in the foregoing lists) which have been exhibited in the Menagerie up to the present time, amounts to 236 Quadrupeds and 318 Birds; and the entire collection in the Menagerie (exclusive of the Water Fowl on the lake in the interior of the Regent’s Park) now consists of 307 Quadrupeds, 704 Birds, and 14 Reptiles. The Giraffes. The various arrangements entered into by the Council up to April, 1836, in reference to the Giraffes, were detailed in the Annual Report of last year. The safe arrival of four of these rare and beautiful animals in the Regent’s Park on the 24th of May last, has formed an era in the history of the Society. highly creditable to its resources, and to its zeal in promoting one of the leading objects for which the Society was established ; and it is no less encouraging to be able to add that the ex- penses attendant on their importation have been fully defrayed tiny * NEI et er a teh = Se eile ac eee - —— helt ss tae ARETE & 13 by the increased attraction afforded by their exhibition in the Menagerie. The success which had ationdeds the arrangements of the Council in accomplishing the long-desired object of introducing Giraffes into the Society’s Menagerie, has subsequently been checked by the loss of one of them by death, which took place in January last after an illness of several months ; in fact, very shortly after their arrival at the Gardens, one of them exhibited symptoms of disease, and always appeared inferior to its com- panions in general condition. Ona post-mortem examination there were no indications of its death having been hastened by any cause connected with the locality of the Gardens; and as a confirmation of that view the Council refer with pleasure to the present fine state.of health of the remaining three. Donations to the Menagerie. ‘The Society continues to be indebted to numerous friends for contributions to this department, the particulars of which have been regularly reported at the Monthly General Meet- ings, and are contained in a book which is now laid before the Meeting. Among ‘the Donors, the Council have great pleasure i in an- nouncing the name of Her Majesty, who has again been pleased. to confer on the Society further marks of her most valuable patronage by adding two Curassows, one rose-crested Cockatoo, and one rose hill Parrakeet to the collection at the Garden. They have also the gratification to call the special attention of the, Members to a donation from Her Royal Highness the Princess Victoria, consisting of two Musk Deer. ‘They wish also to record their sense of obligation to Sir Thomas Reade, Hon. Memb., for a present of a young Lion; to J. Russell Reeves, Esq., of Canton, for a specimen of the Temminck’s Horned Pheasant, the first instance of the intro- duction into this country of that most rare and splendid bird ; to His Excellency Hamilton Hamilton, Esq. British Minister at the Court of Rio, for two Guanacos; to R. Mackay, Esq., Cor. Memb., for a King Vulture ; to Alex. N. Shaw, Esq., 14 Cor. Memb., for a young Tiger; to J. Forster, Esq., for a Kob Antelope; to Capt. Moyes for two Reindeer; and to Capt. Alexander for a Touraco. Among the other Donors to this Establishment the Council have to mention the Honourable the Commissioners for the Affairs of India, to whom the Society is indebted for a specimen of a Trionyx, forwarded to this country by Col. Chesney, the Commander of the Euphrates expedition ; and also to the fol- lowing friends: Dr. Montgomerie, of Singapore, who pre- sented a Malayan Bear; Sir Rowland Hill, for a Persian Lynx; Mrs. Walkinshaw, two Musk Deer; Robert Ker, Esq., a Buffalo from Manilla; Thomas Arthur, Esq., a Kan- garoo (Macropus Parryii); Capt. Beaufort, R.N., two Crowned Cranes; and Edward Fuller, Esq., some three- quarter-bred Pheasants. Other presents have been received from Members and friends to the Society: amongst these the Council desire to in- clude the names of Admiral Heming; John Hearne, Esq. ; J. Willimott, Esq. ; J. W. West, Esq.; Sir J. Tyrrell, Bart.; R. C. Mellish, Esq. ; Capt. Wetherall; C. B. Viveash, Esq. ; — Cobbe, Esq.; J. B. Zincke, Esq. ; R. Small, Esq., &c. &c. Institution of Premiums. In the Report of last year it was stated that the Council had appointed a Committee to consider the best mode of carrying into effect the views of the Society on this subject, in conformity with the Resolution passed at the Monthly General Meeting, February 4, 1836: since that time the Members of the Com- mittee have applied thernselves to the duties assigned to them, and in October last their recommendations were submitted to the Council and approved. The intentions of the Council were subsequently made known to the Fellows and to the public by advertisements in four morning papers. Two designs for the proposed medal have been drawn by an eminent artist, which have been approved of by the Council, and further steps have been taken for the preparation of dies. 15 Museum and its contents. In the Annual Report of April, 1836, it was stated that the Council had taken on lease, terminable at various short inter- vals, extensive premises in Leicester Square, which appeared in most points of view, well adapted to the present pur- poses of the Society as a Museum. Since that period the whole of the interior has been fitted up either for exhibition or for the use of the Meetings or Officers of the Society. The walls of the Museum have been furnished with glazed cases, in which the extensive preserved collection of Vertebrate Ani- mals is arranged and exhibited, and the Anniversary Meeting has been directed to be held in this place, that the Members of the Society present might be able to judge for themselves of the state of their Collection and the labours of the Museum Committee. The number of specimens of Quadrupeds now exhi- bited in the Museum amounts to. csscccoresseeeseereee — 870 Of this number upwards of 200 were not exhibited in the former Museum. The number of Birds csscesccsvsecesceseceessceesecereeesees 4800 Of which nearly 2000 are labelled. 1250 not in the former Museum. Reptiles cscccseecsesceseesesnrerserseecenacecnnsuscanses cesses 450 Fishes .secocoosssssessenacs sorceress ensnaecesseseancenesncesans 600 —_ Total of Vertebrate Animals ............ 6720 The number of Visitors to the Museum in 1836 (exclusive of the months of April, May, and June, during which the removal from Bruton Street to Leicester Square took place, ) was 3660, and the sum received for Admissions was £38 17s. Donations. The Contributions have been numerous. To Sir Thomas Reade, Hon. Memb., renewed thanks are due for a collection of Birds’ Skins. Presents have been received from the under- mentioned gentlemen, who are Corresponding Members of the 16 Society :—Charles Darwin, Esq., for an extensive and rich col- lection of Mammalia and Birds, collected chiefly in South America; J. B. Harvey, Esq.; Prof. Boyer; B. Houghton Hodgson, Esq. ; Capt. Mallard; Lieut. Breton ; Robt. Inglis, Esq.; R. Mackay, Esq. ; and C. Read, Esq. The Society is also indebted to R. C. Mellish, Esq., for a collection of Birds’ Skins; to Lady Amherst for several Skins of rare Mammalia, including the Thar; and to Lady W. Bentinck, for Specimens from New Holland; from the Duke of Northumberland has been received the Skin of a Leucoryx ; and some Argus Phea- sants from Lady C. Boileau; from Mrs. Alex. Kerr, a small collection of Birds’ Skins; from J. Taylor, Esq., a collection of Birds’ Skins ; and skins of two young Giraffes from Mons. Thi- baut. | . Among other Donors to the Museum may also be mentioned J. Hearne, Esq.; C. Appleyard, Esq.; J. Capper, Esq., G. Vaughan, Esq.; Capt.Green; W. Taylor, Esq. ; — Schom- berg, Esq. ; Lord Teignmouth, &c. &e. ~ Farm at Kingston. The House and leasehold portion of the Society’s late Farm at Kingston continues let to James Wardrop, Esq., for the same amount of rent at which it is held by the Society. On the 31st of October last the Council authorized the offer- ing by Auction 2a. 1%. 10p. of the freehold part of the So- ciety’s Land at Kingston, in the same lot with some adjoining land not belonging to the Society, and the sum of £281 3s. - hhas been awarded to the Society for the above-mentioned quantity, together with the fence standing thereon. When the purchase shall have been completed, which it is expected to be ina short time, the Council propose to sell the remain- ing portion of the Society’s Freehold Land at Kingston, con- sisting of 5a. Or. 173. by public auction; unless in the mean time an eligible offer should be made by private contract. REPORT OF THE AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS. | The Committee of Auditors, having carefully examined the ___ various Books and Vouchers usually referred to for that pur- ei pose, beg leave to lay before the Society the following Report _ and Abstract of the Receipts and Payments during the year «1836. | ae Fea eer RECEIPTS. B. a de Balance of Cash brought from 1835 ..sescccscesleceseee waiawlevense INCOME. Belonging to year. 1831 Annual Subscriptions .......... de cetesvees|ccsceecsie anders oe 1832 Annual Subscriptions ...........- seawaehe|uacdeknsesonsensne 1833 Annual Subscriptions ..,..........06+ cccceleccesccceccccneces 1834 { jomret ge Fees cseccccerccctscoonsgecasces 15 0 0 Annual Subscriptions ......eceseseerserers 26 0.0 f Admission Fees ....ssssccsseecsecseeeeseee] 165 0 0 Annual Subscriptions ......ssseeseseeeeree| 349 0 0 18354 Rent (Farm) ....... Gaadas>denws sedans =o 15 0 0 Rent (Garden) s-serereseeerereeerner sees é 60, 0 0 Garden Sules scvccsessuvavdassvocsoeeesdera i Med Admission Fees cesccrecscesseeeesereeeeees] 1330 0 Annual Subscriptions .....scereeseeseseeee] 5326 5 Compositions crsccecescececseeceeseeeseeere] 670 0 Tyory Tickets, 2000 MMR LO PIN Ya NY Lice) The cost of the Giraffes, including their freight and other attendant expenses, >2400 EN he hi ORE SA SARA A Nae The Well, Steam Engine, Pipes, and other attendant expenses, have cost about. . mens, many of which are rare and valuable. 0 0 To which may be added, the Rhinoceros, Elephants, and other pur- chased animals, with their Houses; Iron fencing to a. considerable extent; a Preserved Collection, and upwards of 1000 Living speci- In concluding this Report, the Committee of Auditors beg ‘ leave most respectfully to impress on the Council the absolute , necessity of blending judicious economy with liberality in the administration of the affairs of the Society. (Signed) RICHARD WALFORD. HARPUR GAMBLE. GEORGE DODD. WILLIAM H. SAVAGE. ROBERT ISHERWOOD. JOHN HOFFMANN. PETTY VAUGHAN. 28, Leicester Square, February 24th, 1837. PRESENTED f tips Cheng! YOR SE C oo auld a — ee agoG BOHOKO.. —... Jas fae MAREE 493117 7 me Geni vse il, 5 i bieemechaal Wagan om | Poe Or £5654 18s. 8d. Reduced 3 5149 15 0 per Cefifissenias ore MJ cesccccdeelaamincegee eaaerteatane eee soe aneaamat Cost of Land at Kingston Hill sascneseeonse seleceneceotace Meifesecenece=ael2 100" 070 Annual Subscriptions ....+.+++|seess+ees we.ee-(240 0 0/704 00 Ivory Tickets ....ssesssereeeses|ereres 18 18 0 Transactions .scccccccceeerensslecesereescrrees Proceedings ...+.+0++. Farm Rent ....++.++- pemtawanene tas ae Garden Rent «sscoccccceseecsveleceseeee \ Garden Stock sold, unpaid for. sacron Sop conic 7 10 0 Debts. Contracts. : Se atla 8: 1a Bills, &c. unpaid, estimated at ari tic Gardens! \.2,stecedeccvecsevccncee[ e VOOM LO” Lirerescccees Rectan 340 15 4 Museum .c.seceeseesees pace sie : —— General Establishment......... 5 Oc wet) Rent, &c. unpaid, say, For the Farm...coccecses senses Reeans aan Gardens ceccoccccceccereecsccces ———._ Museum ceocesececercevecreerees — General Establishment Bocaent Sip 847 2 1 1579 5 10 340 15 4 23 INCOME. The prominent feature in the foregoing Statement is the large deficit in the Income of the year 1837, as compared with the preceding year; the falling off in the Receipts at the Gates, under the head of Admissions to Gardens, amounting to up- wards of £3800. ‘This large reduction may be in part attri- buted to the very cold, inclement spring, and late summer of the past year. Inthe Admission Fees of new Members there is a deficit of £550, which, in addition to the cause stated above, may be accounted for by the probability of the Society’s having now attained nearly its maximum as to the number of Members. To these two heads may be added a smaller amount of arrears of debts from preceding years, being £288 less in the lapsed year than in 1836. A reference to the foregoing abstract will show that the diminution in the Income of the Society is chiefly embraced under the three heads above al- luded to. Your Committee are sorry to see under the head of ‘ Re- ceipts” the sale of £200 Exchequer Bills. EXPENDITURE. Your Committee of Auditors approach the subject of Ex- penditure with an earnest feeling of respect towards the Coun- cil; they feel themselves bound, nevertheless, to notice that the recommendation of the Auditors of 1836, urging ‘the absolute necessity of blending judicious economy, with libe- rality, in the administration of the affairs of the Society,” has not been carried to the extent of satisfying their reasonable expectations, although it must have been evident to the Council, from an early period in the year, that the Income would fall short as compared with previous years. The heads of Salaries and Wages are referred to as being higher than any year since the formation of the Society, although there does not appear to have been any increase of animals so as to warrant an in- creased expenditure. While on the head of Expenditure, your Auditors have to express their surprise that upwards of £717 should be sunk in Subjects and Preparations, when it must be evident to every 24: Member of the Society that the inconvenience, inappropriate- ness, and ill-chosen locality of the premises selected for the Exhibition of their already most valuable Collection, must de- stroy any hopes of the Museum ever becoming a source from which the income of the Society may be materially increased. There has been £820 added to the Investment Fund during the year; but your Auditors are bound to notice that such investment is made at the expense of the balance, leaving the amount of cash in hand only £254 18s. 1d. on the 31st of December 1837, whereas at the same period in the preceding year it amounted to £1259 1s. 5d. ASSETS. The only material alteration in the Assets of the Society during the year 1837, is an increase of the Funded Capital to the amount of £820, making that Investment Fund amount to £10,081 12s. 7d. on the 31st of December 1837. LIABILITIES. With respect to the Liabilities, the outstanding debts of the Society are £200 more than in 1836; but under all circum- stances it is gratifying to be able to state, that the contracts pending on the 31st of December 1837, are £1119 less than at the corresponding period of the previous year. In closing this Report, your Committee of Auditors have to express their unqualified approbation of the zeal and assi- duity manifested by the Assistant Secretary, in the distinctness and order with which he Hoop the Books and Accounts of the Society. (Signed) HARPUR GAMBLE. W.-H. SAVAGE. FRED. W. CALDWELL. EDW. GREENAWAY. WM. SQUIRE PRYOR. J. S. BOWERBANK. 28, Leicester Square, March 2, 1838. Printed by Richard and John E, Taylor, Red Lion-court, Fleet-strect. Pi? ENG Ferry 4 dbl i By 24 APR 1903 Se ee REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF x THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 29, 1839, \ LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1839. x 3 bet a , <: Debi Mito ite ine Pad al ; WF ivegpier aN af og anor , oe aga «ahs a wht ai Dri Ra ee A 4 sa anc | ide Ui PAS SEN Pw GOS aa mit¢ ‘ ily se ieee ‘ahs Bet aaah east vighi “sia <0 er Ae } ; io 4 \ if ‘2 ihe = t ps , 4 ¥ * 1 Pe, hs Te JO ck OI ne is c OS bat LES ETE Fo A th Sip Ewa I, OS ‘sete seh ECBO P Pare i oa 7 AT ' sv tate fexpibative bias Gina eaudien en as Ay bis eed AHWR shiend WRITS pars te, Bipot rok dies) : vt Nee ins AF AOES | Peep Pi ae tock. S41 Comae ie, owned: isthe 3 j £45 7 peak dak : MOTEKE ag BHO, aiA aslo 14 @ _ peenere eae Earn wOLt ane. A ORT - th oe 5 fo cared ath te ee REPORT OF THE COUNCIL, As the primary subject of their Report, the Council would state the extent of their progress towards fulfilling the pledge made by their predecessors at the last Anniversary—‘ That a most rigid examination of the expenditure should be en- tered into with a full determination to reduce it to the lowest possible scale consistent with the efficient carrying on of the Society’s objects......” Annexed to the Report of the Auditors will be found a detailed statement of the receipts and expenditure of the Society from January to December 1838. The Council would, however, carry the attention of the Meeting to finan- cial arrangements, which could not, owing to the time of their taking effect, find a place in that document. It is necessary to do this, in order that it may be perceived how much has been attempted and effected in the reduction of the Society’s permanent expenditure between the last and the present Annual Meeting. The Council would therefore briefly state, that during the last year the duties of Assistant Zoological Secretary have been annexed to those of the Curator at the Museum; a superior Clerk of the Works will execute in great measure the functions of Architect as well as of Head Carpenter; an Assistant Curator of the Museum is dispensed with; and the number of Keepers at the Gardens has been diminished by one; the cultivation of the Gardens, repair of walks and yards, &c. have become a matter of contract; a residence on the Society’s premises has been provided for the Superin- tendent, by which arrangement a saving of his former allow- ance for rent (diminished by the value of coals and candles now supplied to him) is realized. Of the above reductions, those which arise from the abolition of offices could not, for obvious reasons, take effect until some months after the Coun- cil had decided that they should be made. At the present AR 4 time, however, all these reductions are in full operation, and their annual amount is calculated in the annexed table. Salaries of 1837, exclusive of Gardener’s salary £3548 Ditto on present reduced scale . . . . . 2916 — £632 Garden expenses, including Gardener’s salary, on an average of years from 1833 to 1837 . 888 Ditto by terms of present contract . . . . SA 347 Saved by residence of Superintendent at the £0 215 cyan Sy Pra eae ae Raa 16 —) Total Saving £995 On the other hand, a slight increase of expenditure has arisen from the increased consumption of provisions during the last year. Until the death of the two Tigers, the stock of larger Car- nivora was unusually great, and was augmented during the year by the purchase of a Lion, a Leopard, and a Serval. The growth of the larger Elephant has necessitated an in- crease of his food, about 40 per cent. in quantity. The Council, after much deliberation and correspondence with the managers of other menageries in England, and on the Continent, endeavoured to reduce this expenditure on the Menagerie by substituting cheaper kinds of food. The effects of this experiment on the health of the animals were not unsatisfactory, but it was attended with many difficulties. At present, though the cheaper mode of feeding is retained on a limited scale, the Council do not expect from it any material saving. Before closing this part of their Report, the Council have to state to the Meeting, that in the course of the last summer two memorials were addressed by them to the Lords Com- missioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury. The first of these prayed for the general reduction of rent now payable on all the premises held by the Society under the Crown, and it set forth as the ground of petition, the services rendered by this Institution in the promotion of science, and in the diffusion of intellectual enjoyment. The petition of the second me- a 5 morial referred solely to the high rent exacted for the land now leased to the Society in the North Garden on the terms of building ground. To this memorial no answer has as yet been returned. The Council therefore infer that their re- presentations are under the consideration of the high tri- bunal to which they were addressed. The Council await the result with hope. Income. In every source of the Society’s revenues over which the Council are able to exercise controul, improvement has arisen during the past twelve months. ‘The funded capital is on this day greater than at any period since the origin of the Society. A more regular payment of subscriptions has been effected ; and arrears in consequence diminished. With a view to simplify the Society’s receipts, the payment for ivory tickets will, from January Ist, 1840, be required at the commence- ment of each year. The income of the Society has also this year been in- creased by the advance of rent paid for the privilege of sell- ing confectionary, &c. at the Gardens. Particulars of Increased Income. Annual Dividend on 1953/7. 9s. 2d. 3 per Cents., purchased from April 1838 to April 1839 . , 5812 9 Increase of Rent from Seller of Confectionary (3607, for 1839—1840 ; 2507. 1858—1839) ..110 0 0 Ga Soe Oe £168 12 9 If the amount of diminished expenditure be added to that of increased income, the extent of the Society's finan- cial improvement will appear to be 11637. per annum. On the other hand, the Council cannot conceal from the Meeting or themselves that during the last eight years the number of visitors to the Gardens has declined, although the scientific interest and the popular attractiveness of the contents of the Menagerie never were greater than at pre- sent. And yet, when it is said that there were not less than 181,268 visits to the Gardens in the course of 1838, the sub- 6 ject of surprise may probably be, not the smallness of that number, but that it ever could have been greater. It is also observable, that between the years 1831 and 1838 the proportion of privileged to paying visitors has greatly increased ; this arises, in great measure, from a very gratify- ing cause—the enlargement of the list of Fellows. In the number of these, however, there has been a trifling decrease during the past year. In that period 187 Members have joined the Society or been readmitted into it ; while the removals, resignations, and deaths have amounted to 199. The number of Fellows and Fellows-elect on this day is 3011. There are at present 38 candidates for the fellowship of the Society. Corresponding Members. The privileges of the Corresponding Members have been defined, and facilities for incorporating themselves with the Society granted to these, its valuable associates and bene- factors, by a By-Law, (Chap. vi. sec. 3,) passed last year. The total number of Corresponding Members at present is 126, 8 having been added since the last Anniversary. By the decease of M. Fred. Cuvier, the Society has to lament the loss of a Foreign Member who combined a warm and sincere interest in its prosperity with an active partici- pation in the advancement of its scientific objects. This eminent naturalist was, as is well known, the younger brother of the illustrious Baron Cuvier, and was born at Montbelliard in Alsace in 1775. He combined with considerable intellectual powers, studious habits and a marked predilection for Zoological pursuits; and his ap- pointment as Keeper of the Menagerie at the Jardin des Plantes afforded him the most favourable opportunities of studying the management, habits, and structure of animals. On every occasion in which the great experience accumula- ted by M. F. Cuvier in the performance of his official duties was appealed to by the Council or Committees of the Zoolo- gical Society for information on subjects calculated to. im- prove the management of our own Menagerie, he responded 7 to the appeal with promptitude, and always afforded the most useful information. M. F. Cuvier took an active part in the Scientific busi- ness of the Society ; and his last and one of his most valua- ble contributions to Mammalogy graces the pages of our Transactions. His other writings have advanced not only the descrip- tive, or purely zoological, but also the physiological and. psychological departments of Natural History. Of the depth of his observation, and acuteness of discrimination in establishing new species, or improving our knowledge of the external characters of known animals, M. F. Cuvier has left imperishable evidences in the great ‘ Histoire des Mam- miféres,’ and in several Monographies, of which the ‘ Me- moir on the Jerboas and Gerbilles,’ already alluded to, me- rits especial notice and commendation. His elaborate and. comprehensive work, ‘ Sur les Dentes de Mammiféres con- sidérées comme Caractéres Zoologiques,’ is less characte- rized by the novelty and originality of the views and ob- servations which it contains, than by the vast number and useful arrangement of the facts, and their accurate icono- graphical illustrations: it is essential to the student of Mammalogy, and has already taken its station as a classical work in Zoological Literature. In the Memoirs on the Structure and Development of Spines, Quills, Feathers, and other Tegumentary Produc- tions, M. Cuvier has established for himself the character of a most minute and accurate observer, as well as of a lo- gical appreciator of the degree of resemblance and analogy subsisting between productions of a similar class. But the most original and pleasing productions of the pen of our esteemed late fellow-member are the Memoirs on the Instincts and Habits of Animals, published in the ‘ Annales du Muséum d’ Histoire Naturelle’. ‘They are replete with facts and reflections of great novelty and interest, and are highly characteristic of the peculiar modes of thought and tone of mind of their accomplished author. At the period of his decease, M. F. Cuvier filled the offices of Professor of Animal Physiology to the Museum of Natural History at Paris, and of Inspector General of the 8 University. It was in the course of one of his tours of in- spection, that he was attacked at Strasburg with paralysis ; and he died of the same malady and at the same age as his illustrious brother. The amiable and affectionate disposition which was asso- ciated with his high acquirements in literature and science will make his loss long and deeply felt, not only by his im- mediate friends, but by those who, like ourselves, were con- nected with him by remoter ties. Works. In the course of the last summer the Council were ena- bled to complete a plan projected many years since, by fur- nishing the Superintendent with a residence at the Gardens. For this purpose the rooms behind the small animals’ apart- ment, hitherto occupied by the Keepers, were fitted up for his use. For the keepers thus displaced, accommodation has been provided at the Giraffe-house. The annual saving obtained by this arrangement has al- ready been noticed: but the Council consider the increased efficiency thus afforded to the maintenance of discipline at the Gardens, of far higher importance. The security of the Society’s property depends so much on every one of its servants being at hand on any emergency, that the Council will not consider their objects accomplished till every keeper and helper be provided with a residence on the premises. Excepting a few simple arrangements for the protection of the birds during winter and the breeding-season, and the necessary painting and repairs, but one work of magnitude was undertaken in the course of last year. This was the large open Aviary connected with the Parrot-house. The Council refrained from any other improvement which required outlay of capital, until, by having consolidated the expenditure on a permanent and economical basis, they should have redeemed the pledge made by their predecessors to the last Annual Meeting. This object having been in great measure attained, the Council would earnestly recom- mend that the construction and arrangements of the houses of the animals in the Menagerie receive immediate attention. The mortality of the last year has occurred chiefly in the i. a 9 Monkey-house, the ‘Cireular Aviary, and in that depart- ment adjoining the Superintendent’s house now appropria- ted to the smaller quadrupeds. The plans for the new Mon- key-house are in a state of forwardness, and it is hoped that the building will soon be commenced. The Council believe that the cost of this work will require little or no invasion of the Invested Capital: but they are persuaded that, set- ting aside motives of humanity, the Society could not dis- pose of a portion of these funds more profitably than in erecting and furnishing with the most effective means of warmth and ventilation, buildings for the animals which re- quire artificial temperature. MUSEUM. Under the head of Museum may be included a notice of the acts by which the Society, as one of the scientific as- sociations of this country, has contributed to the advance- ment of Zoology during the past year. The Museum is, in fact, essential to the well- and profitably-conducting of the business of the evening meetings: in the Museum are per- formed the greater part of the dissections of the rarer ani- mals, by which are determined the relations that subsist be- tween the organization of the species and its living habits and peculiarities: and lastly, to the Museum the Zoologist, from abroad or at home, resorts for the solution of his doubts and inquiries, and for the comparison of his own rarities with the rich and well-arranged series of specimens which now constitute so important and valuable a depart- ment of the property of the Society. On a retrospect of the scientific business transacted at the evening meetings of the Society, the Council perceive with pleasure that the interest and value of the communica- tions there read and discussed continue undiminished. The Museum of the Society continues to be enriched, and its scientific usefulness extended, by the munificence of many benefactors: among these will be found some of the most distinguished Zoologists in the world. The Council must refer to the Society’s records for the particulars of most of these donations, and content them- 10 selves with reciting the names of persons to whom the Society is thus largely indebted. Some of the presents thus received are, however, of such scientific interest, that it is desirable that their existence in the stores of the Museum should be known. A Skin of Canis jubata, procured by Colonel Sykes, Twenty-eight Skins of Quadrupeds and 14 specimens of Rep- tiles, from Fernando Po, presented by George Knapp, Esq. A collection of Fishes from Madeira, presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe, Corr. Memb. The originals of his descrip- tion in Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. ii. Three Skins of Kemas Jemlaica, §c. presented by Captain A. Conolly. Thirty-one Skins of Mammalia and 18 of Birds from the United States, presented by the Rev. J. Bachman. Corr. Memb. Some of these are described by himself. A Skin of Myrmecobius fasciatus, | of Perameles Lagotis, and 9 Skins of Birds from Swan River, presented by A. Gordon, Esq. Two stuffed specimens of Antilope Isabellina, and a stuffed specimen of Antilope Grimmea, from the Saffron Wal- den Museum. A Skin of the Burrhal Sheep from the Himalaya Mountains, presented by Lieut. Thos. Smith, 15th Nat. Inf. Five Skins of Trogons, new to the Society’s Collection, by Mr. J. Gould, Corr. Memb. A stuffed specimen of Cynictis Steedmani?, 5 stufted Rap- torial Birds, and several specimens of Reptiles in Spirit, by Dr. A. Smith, Corr. Memb. Forty Bird Skins from New Holland, by Leonard Chandler, Esq. Fifteen Skins of Mammalia, from Van Dieman’s Land, by George Everett, Esq. A Large Hornet's Nest, by the late Governor of Ceylon. The Museum has also been enriched by donations from the President; from Mr. Goldham ; KK. Blyth, Esq.; Mr. Miller; J. Wray, Esq. ; Lieut. Holman ; John Christopher, Esq.; Mr. Waterhouse; W. Taylor, Esq; W. Yarrell, Esq.; B: Burdekin, Esq.; Benjamin Oliveira, Esq-; W. Paton, 11 Esq.; H. Betts, Esq. ; John Reeves, Esq. ; Mrs. Parkinson; C. Martyn, Esq.; Rev. L. Jenyns ; Dr. Weatherhead, Corr. Memb; E. W. Elmslie, Esq. ; Mr. G. H. Garnett; Capt. W. Heathorn, Corr. Memb.; Mr. John Leadbeater ; Dr. Weis- senborn ; T. Groom, Esq. ; J. Frembly, Esq., Corr. Memb. ; Mr. A. Bartlett; W. Atkinson, Esq.; Sir John De Beau- vior, Bart. ; the Curators of the Durham University Mu- seum; Jas. 8. Bowerbank, Esq.; Mr. Christopher Grove ; Dr. Harlan; Dr. Cantor, Corr. Memb. ; John Hearne, Esq., Corr. Memb.; Sir Thos. Reade, Hon. and Corr. Memb., Cons. Gen. at Tunis ; Le Chev. V. Michelotti. Publications and Proceedings. Among the Anatomical investigations which have been conducted, or aided by comparison with objects contained, in the Museum, may be specified those which have unfolded the organization of the Giraffe and Apteryx. These inquiries have tended to establish on a sure basis the Zoological rela- tions and affinities of the above rare species, and at the same time have demonstrated the intimate connexion between their several peculiarities of structure, and their food, habits, and geographical position. At a former period, a series of ob- servations made on the living Marsupialia at the Gardens of the Society established some of the most important facts in an obscure and recondite branch of the physiology of those remarkable animals: repeated dissections of different spe- cies of the Marsupialia which have been at different times preserved in the Society’s Menagerie, combined with a study and comparison of the rich collection of the crania and teeth in the Society’s Museum, haye more recently led to improved views of the affinities of these interesting quadrupeds, and to the establishment of species before unknown to science, And the Council advert with more pleasure to this part of the past year’s scientific proceedings, because, as the Mar- supial animals are for the most part peculiar to our own co- lonies, it is to the Zoological institutions of England that the Continental naturalist looks for the progressive perfec- tion of that branch of natural history. The Museum, as a centre of reference and comparison, has been studied during the past year more particularly by 12 Dr. Richardson, Dr. Bachman, Col. Sykes, Prof. Bell, and Dr. Cantor; and the communications which have been pub- lished in the Proceedings of the Society, on the Scturide of North America, on the Fresh-water Fishes of the Deccan, on the species of Galictis, and on the Serpents of India, may be cited as valuable accessions to Zoological science, and to the preparation of which for publication, the Mu- seum and its stores have been more or less subservient. Number of Additions. General View of Works done. Catalogues. The collection of Mammalia in the Museum at present contains 1288 specimens; of which 760 are examples of species. Of these a classified catalogue is printed. The total number of Birds now exhibited is 5230, 115 of which have been added since the last Anniversary: 3000 specimens are named. Of Reptiles, 1000 specimens, and of Fishes 1070, are exhibited. There are also 83 Skeletons mounted. The principle adopted in selecting specimens for this purpose was, to present as many typical forms as the stores of the Museum would permit. MENAGERIE. When on the subject of Works at the Gardens, the Coun- cil took occasion to state what they considered necessary still to be done for insuring the health and comfort of the animals inhabiting them; beyond this representation they have little to report respecting the Menagerie: every Fel- low of the Society and every Visitor at the Gardens will form his own judgment on the Exhibition they afford. The Council will therefore merely present the Meeting with a list of animals shewn for the first time in the Society’s Collection since the publication of the last Report. MAMMALIA. A new species of Papio. Papio melanotus, Ogilby. Norway Lynx. Felis Lynx, Linn. Serval. Felis Serval, Schreb. 13 A Deer from Honduras. Cervus Mewxicanus? A species of Deer from India, apparently undescribed. Reeves’s Muntjac Deer. Cervus Reevesii, Ogilby. Viscacha. Lagostomus trichodactylus, Brookes. Acouchi. Dasyprocta Acouchi, Desm. Yellow-bellied Flying Opossum. Petaurista flaviventer, Desm. Rabbit Bandicoot. Perameles Lagotis, Reid. AVES. South African Pigeon. Vinago Australis. Rose-coloured Cockatoo. Plyctolophus Eos, Vig. and Horsf. Yellow-bellied Ground Parrakeet. Platycercus flaviventris. Black-headed Ploceus. Ploceus melanocephela ? Great-billed Touracou. Corythaix macrorhynchus, Fraser. — Guan. Penelope ——-—— ? Reeves’s Pheasant. Phasianus Reevesii, Gray. Female. Crested Bunting... Emberiza cristatella, Sw. Chinese Lark. . -Sbochacbadcaae aCoLcocquToe coveeccesouseesteoceli areal momen 14349 0 10 were as follow: # cae re The Assets and Liabilities of the Society on the 31st December, 1838 . ASSETS. Arrears of Living and Invested in Preserved Exchequer towed in Bees Collections. Pievitnis Gurrent Bills. . " Years. Year. | | £. + 8. d|&. 2 d.)L. 8. al £. 3 di £. & as EMIMENAIIICCE Gawalaen cacccceesvs|csccescancoseecloscnececcvcel|ssccsesssees Rudssntenseu|asheok cocedteseueel cee h mee £6052 11s. 11d. ATOM SLCU D> vacccccce vavselesscasevees Sse is Relocepesecacce|| O00 Me kumNn per Cents...... £6796 5s. 5d. Reduced & per j.c.ccccscccsecleccsecceccnncce|sccsesccsens|vessseccsseslsccsccscecee| O219 15 0 Cents....ceeveee Cost of Land at (os TATE OES he eal ia ia seseeeeee-(L100 0 0 Annual Subscrip- 202 0 01603 0 0 HOSS SBSSgR Soe) tl ae ean bs Transactions ......jecccsssssssseee] 9 11 0] 18 10 0 ProceedingS.......0.|secseeceseeeeee] 1 16 0) 0 18 0 MPP IMEC TICE ocetes T49 Proceedings ......ssssee ge evcepecasecegecess 20 Barn Rerit20). iiek dws. rtbedocveectseves 29:1 Gardenl Sales secceseccocuvsssarcdudansececs 200 ; Garden Rent ...ccccccssscscecessscesseveve] » 400 | eee H—_—_————| 12995 7 42 0 0 * oy ae wo 1840 Annual Subscriptions (anticipated) ...|....ssseseeveseeee INCOME RECEIVED IN 1839.....ccccssccsssee] evscesssecscesees 13431 12 3) 13431 12 38 Proceeds of Sale of Freehold Land at Kingston...|..csscssssessesees|ecceeveeneesenncesans 1031 3 0 Do. Do. ‘of S2000-Exchequer Bills...s...|ecscsoscessscssvecslecaseswecvsssceseedeal) | CO2R—A5 Uae 16825 16 2 PAYMENTS. , ’ Sa “General . |. a5 Farm. Gardens, Museum. Estabt, Total. EXPENDITURE. er ar (Ga eee.) se ail Lg Vall ee east eee eae ae Ee RENE veseocseccerreresceeeeee| 61 0 0]: 647 17 0] 7617 4| 88 8 8 824 3 0 1838 Bills ede cvoedsesegedecsvevers 716 0| 697 14 8) 3117 6) 311 9 3) 1048 17 5 - 68 16 0}. 1845 11 8) 108 14.10} 349 17 11] 1873 0 5 Rent, Taxes, Rates, &c...| 31 9 7| 5381 8 0] 24419 0} 11616 9 Salaries and Wages.......0: 119 6) 1891 4°11) °303 1° 4) 582 4 0 Keepers’ Dresses...ssssesecsleersscevsvesens 76 7 0 Cost of Animals .......sscesjeescsseeseesees| 956 10 7 Carriage of Animals ......Jecscccseseouses 76 19° 8 ; : Keepers’ Travelling ra ere: b (Caen cane gai PENSES ....0.000e Seek ag : Provisions ......ccsesccosses|eeceeeeesoesees| 2086 1 2 Menagerie Expenses ..,...|++.++«+- esevees| 592 7° 1 Buildings........ee.ee0ee oF «| 1688 0 38 on ae pat > 94 Works, Materials & Repair Garden Expenses ......... Garden & Land Expenses. | Cost of Subjects ......... srerecarseeeses|, 00, 12.10 Carriage.of Subjects . sdesged sedhestienveslpn aii 6 ." Cost of Preparations . secedeccsac| secspensecsaces| 2L0 10 9) | Library 2... ASSES NA FS Oe Ug ‘| House and Office Expenses}....c...seceeee| 37 11° Qlisccoscsseoeeee| 284 14 2 Stationery and Printing ...|....ss0:s00., 42 8 0| 8 18 6| 273 18 11 | Transactions .. Savevieedva|WecbteabesssWos|sdesacsovscercs|/ 1 JOU LOune | Returned Subscrip alcvadns Seba E Petre te.|secssersneconas| Lo (0) 30 -+| 882 4 546 13 oo ee eeceeeesecess 67 19 6 ee connt of ‘thie incre 101 '8 1| 9360 13 6| 921 6 11/1381 4 7/1176413 1 SPOR ee eeereeeeeeseseseneses | DITURE PAIDIN 1839} 170 4 1|10706 5 2|1030 1 91731 2 6|13637 13 6 * MEBG1 7s. Gd, Consolidated 3 per Cents. ..ssscersccocesvesesnonsencataiaenssbeitvl|-” 800° © © 0 £2000 Exchequer Bills ..0....cqecsissssscsecoccssscecseecosicdsecévcessoeccevccavesvest 2057 7 1 A hand December 31; 1839 ...c.ccesidsssssscsccesscoscescesccesscsécosecevecveossecserses) 3030 15 7 2 =! 16825 16 32 The Assets and Liabilities of the Society on the 3lst of De-. cember, 1839, were as follow: ASSETS. Arrears of Living and Invested in 2 Preserved Exchequer Eee Cash. Collections. Previous Current Bills, Years. Year. ££. s. alh. gp. al £. sid) £° Sas. &. a GCashiattarktrrsseslscccesweareocc|sentecsssacececlcsencieccstalcddaovencecs|peseesvearecceeeusi@GU) ikaheae £6913 19s. ao Consolidated 3 sides hechoowaslemenstince@lsemhessagecs) OOGLs aie mud per Cents...... £6796 5s. 5d. } Reduced 3 per Cents..crsceccees Annual Subscrip- 9 on RRS jE lassediaeneses/208 0 0713 Transactions ...sccjecccsscescesee.| 19 17 Farm Henk cpvcccapsleccsrndeccectac] Oe Th Garden Stock SOld, unpaid }.s.lesececcserereee| 3 O 0) 14 10 0 ye Ee Museum Fund Account ... secesecscgnees|soecesecseselesceeseesees| 6219 15 0 50 60 00 oo ceslececeececcesecslsacenenserrees(sesseecesees|209 6 0 Seseeneree| Uncertain. |230 17 0/789 15 0/209 6 0} 12091 12 7/330 15 7 LIABILITIES, eos. i: £.. 2 a 1160 8 11 Bills, &c. unpaid, estimated at For the Gardens | ...Gssddecccsescccsseveveccoesens ma MUSEUM cecccseerceeecsecvecvcesccerences — General Establishment......essceseesees Rent, &c. unpaid, say, Grit TPerin ean uugtdavicscecaeancaaceueicanqaeras pana GATHOIS. nacaqeanquedunaceaseunsuaqaanaqss memes WVETISCIIIN $9 cacecccescvsveccoccccccossvenuses —— General Establishment...ccssssereensees . > ae 33 . ; INCOME. g The foregoing abstract of the Income for the year 1839, - when aaa with that of the preceding year, will ex- hibit a decrease; the falling off in the Receipts under the important head of ‘* Admissions to Gardens” amounting to £635 14s. This may, no doubt, be mainly attributed to the very inclement spring, and to the wet summer and autumn of the past year. Under the several heads of ** Admission Fees,” of ** Annual Subscriptions,” and of ‘* Compositions,” there is also a decrease, amounting together to £386 15s.; this may depend upon the cause stated above, or it may arise from a mere fluctuation in the number of the members. There is also a decrease in the amount actually received for * Ivory Tickets,” but this appears to be owing to the alteration of the period at which the Subscriptions became due, and not to any material diminution of them. Under the head of “ Garden Sales” the sum of £224 2s. appears to have been received, the produce of the sale of some duplicates, but principally of the young of a few species of Quadrupeds and Birds bred at the Gardens. Your Committee express a hope that this success, limited as it may seem, will serve as an encouragement to prosecute with renewed exertions this interesting object of the Society. ~ Your Committee observe with regret that the arrears of Subscriptions on the 31st of December 1839, amount to £713 for the year 1839, and £203 for 1838, and they take this op- portunity of suggesting to their fellow Members the advantage which accrues to the Society by the payment of the Subscrip- _ tions through their respective bankers on the first of every |: January, to Messrs. Drummonds, the Society’s Bankers; a mode which at the same time promotes the benefit of the So- ciety as well as the convenience of its Members. sry » EXPENDITURE. The foregoing Statement will also show that the Expenditure _ of the past year exceeds the amount of Income by the sum of £206 1s. 3d., which added to £35 8s. 11d., loss by the sale of the Exchequer Bills purchased during the year » makes a c 34 total deficit in the year of £241 10s. 2d.; this deducted from the balance of the previous year would have left a balance of only £99 12s. 7d., to which must be added £231 3s. part of the proceeds of the sale of the Farm not yet invested, to ac- count for that which appears, viz. £330 15s. 7d.: but your Committee point out to your notice, that there is included in the expenditure the large amount of £1688 Os. 3d., which was incurred for the payment, in part, of a new Monkey House, and which may fairly be regarded in the light of a permanent and beneficial investment. Your Committee have to Report that under the head of ‘‘ Salaries and Wages” and “ Garden Expenses,” there ap- pears a diminution as compared with the similar items of the preceding year, the result, however, of the arrangements of the previous year, to the extent of £477 7s. 1d.; of this sum £253 10s. 4d. was effected by a reduction of the Scientific Department at the Museum ; and under the head of “* Works, &c.” the Expenditure has been less by £543 16s. 11d. than that of the year 1838. ASSETS. There has been little alteration in the Assets of the Society during the’past year: it will be observed, however, that the item of “Investment in Land at Kingston Hill’ (formerly used as a Farm) no longer appears under this head ; and that £800, a part of £1031 3s. the purchase money arising from the sale» of this property, was added to the Funded Capital, making it amount to £12,091 12s. 7d., exclusive of £200 Exchequer Bills. LIABILITIES. A comparison of the Liabilities of the Society at the close of the years 1838 and 1839, exhibits a decrease in favour of the latter year, to the amount of £379 8s. 8d. ; the total sum on the 31st of December 1839, being £1699 7s. 8d. Your Committee congratulate the Society upon the suc- cessful result of the application made by the Council to the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury for 9n abatement of the Rent formerly paid for the Gardens in the Regent’s Park, which has been at length reduced by the sum of £243 11s. 6d.; the Rent now payable being £503 7s. 8d., inclusive of £63 for ten Acres of Pasture Land adjoining the Gardens. Your Committee have the pleasure, in conclusion, to add their testimony to that of former Auditors, to the zeal and ability of the Assistant Secretary, and to the mode and man- ner in which the Accounts are kept. CHARLES APPLEYARD. WILLIAM L. BARTON. FRED. JAMES FULLER. WILLIAM S. GILLETT. NATHANIEL HUSON. - EDWARD PERIGAL. CLAUDE PERRING. 98, Leicester Square, March 28th, 1340. PRESENTED So Tp. Oe Cy URat #iE Printed by Richard and John E, Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, b usttod. sit Py at Wott 14041.) iinorie hist otselen 41a src: od ry ese beme) gioco die wiisecolee oct) ened oo: Wine. ute cei fan iopy, dh GrAabudiamiot Titus of citnutiedt sia) | S, Gans bile beg ob of irs.eytalor29~ teiady asht, to idee anand A aipjelas; . ork dota | Oi6 ae «ity OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 29, 1841. LONDON: _ PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, Pas 5 RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1841, REPQRT OF THE COUNCIL. In presenting their Fourteenth Annual Report, the Council have only to direct the attention of the Fellows to the following statements of the proceedings in the several de- partments since the last Anniversary. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. MemBers.—a. Fellows. The number of Fellows on the Books of the Society at the present moment amounts to 2849, of whom 1132 are contributors of £3 per annum, and 1119 of £2. This is exclusive of Candidates for the Fellowship, of whom there are at present 44, making the whole number of Fellows and Fellows-elect 2893. Of these, 75 have been elected since the last Anniversary, and 5 re-admitted under the provision of the By-Laws, Chap. I. sect. 9. Within the same period there have been 60 deaths, 69 resignations, and 145 removals, altogether amounting to 274 Fellows, whom the Society has lost within the past year. Of this comparatively- large number, however, it is to be ob- served, that 53 of the removals properly belong to the year 1839, but are included in the past year, from an accidental informality which occurred in giving them notice of their liability, and which induced the Council to enlarge the period of their removal, as stated in the last Anniversary Report. Among those Fellows who have been removed by death _ within the past year, the Council cannot pass over the name of Nicholas Aylward Vigors, Esq., without record- ing their sense of his high scientific attainments. Mr. _ Vigors, as is well known, was the first Secretary of this a a2 E 4 Society, and to his zeal and activity it is indebted for a large portion of its early popularity, as it is to his libe- rality for an extensive Collection of Birds and Insects, besides numerous minor donations; all of which are still valuable, as many of them were at the time unique. In Natural History, Mr. Vigors was the acknowledged head of British Ornithologists, during the period that he at- tended to scientific pursuits ; and though his views with respect to classification are no longer participated in to the same extent as formerly, yet they were developed with such ingenuity, illustrated so pleasingly, and enforced with so much power, as made them very popular at the time. Some of his papers on this subject, inserted in the Transactions of the Linnean Society and in the Zoological Journal, of which he was the principal editor, are models of scientific composition, . bh. Honorary and Foreign Members. In these two classes no changes have occurred since the last Anniversary. c. Corresponding Members. The number of Corresponding Members whose names are retained on the Books of the Society is 140, of whom 7 are new Members elected since the last Anniversary. The Council have only heard of two deaths among this class of our Associates—that of Mr. James Prinsep, so well known over Europe as Secretary of the Royal Asiatic Society of Calcutta, and equally distinguished as a scien- tific and numismatic scholar; and that of Mr. Henry Woods of Bath, a zealous naturalist, and at one time a very regular attendant at the Scientific Meetings of the Society ; but there is reason to believe that the gross number of Corresponding Members at present on the List considerably overstates the actual amount, as from their residence in distant countries it rarely happens that we obtain information of the deaths which occur in this useful class of our Associates. ~—Oe: Se, 2. Finances.—a. Income and Expenditure. ‘The income of the Society during the year 1840, amounted to £12,732 1s. 5d., and the expenditure to £11,838 1s. 1ld., being a surplus of £893 Is. 11d. in favour of the income. This sum, together with £175 5s. 6d., the excess of the cash balance in the banker’s hands on the 3lst December, 1839, over that which remained at the corresponding period of 1840, together amounting to £1068 7s. 5d., was invested shortly after the last Anni- versary Meeting in the Reduced 3 per cent. Consols. As regards the gross. amount of the receipts in 1840, it will be observed, that it falls short of that of the previous year by the sum of £699 10s. 10d.; but it is at least gratifying to know that the greater portion of this deficit arises from Garden Admissions, the amount of which must neces- sarily fluctuate with the season. This therefore is but a casual deficit, and it is more than compensated by the in- crease of £129 which has taken place in the Annual Sub- scriptions, the most permanent and important branch of 3 the Society’s income. But whilst this decrease has taken place in the income of the Society, it has been met by a corresponding decrease in the expenditure to the amount of £1798 14s. It is true, indeed, that this is partly owing to the fact of no great buildings having been undertaken during the past year; but on the other hand it will be ob- served, that there are very few items of expenditure in which a reduction to a greater or less extent has not taken place as compared with the year 1839; and the amount would have been still larger but for the excess of £584 2s. 8d. under the head of Works, &c., which may be fairly balanced against the Buildings of the previous year. bh. Assets and Liabilities. _ The Assets of the Society on the 3ist of December, 1840, exceeded those at the corresponding period of 1839, by the sum of £991 7s. 9d., whilst the Liabilities were 6 ‘diminished by the amount of £936 10s. 1d.; being an improvement on the financial year of no less than £1927 17s. 10d., as will appear from the following com- parative peneteenthts —_ Dec. 31, 1839. Dec. 31, 1840. Be “ete. Lea goose Gaghivecrevtesanecvcdes{)7) tao, ka ee 155 10 1 3 per cents. ssecsseve 12,091 12 7 {138,160 0 90 Assets...sseee0ee64 Museum Fund...... 209 6 O 307 11 10 12,631 14 2 |138,628 1 11 Increases <.tévies. o))- + 991 4-759 AS Pete 1,699 8 1 Liabilities ...... ee f ‘ dg AE MEPrease sascascavesvalacdersereneseuecsanaseas 936 10 1 This is a very great improvement as compared with the corresponding period of last year, when the Assets ex- hibited a deficit of £310 7s. 2d., which was barely balanced by a diminution in the Liabilities to the amount of £379 8s. 8d. ; The “ Investment Fund” has been increased during the past year by the sum of £1068 7s. 5d. It now exceeds the total amount of Life Compositions by the sum of £360; and the Council have therefore the satisfaction of stating that this fund has not only reached but surpassed the minimum which they formerly pledged themselves to attain. c. Arrears. The Council cordially unite with the Committee of Auditors in lamenting the large Arrear of Subscriptions which still continues due to the Society, and beg once more to press upon the attention of the Fellows the pro- priety of paying their Subscriptions by general orders on their respective bankers, as at once best calculated to save themselves much inconvenience, and the Society a very serious loss. II. SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENT. 1. Museum. Under the present circumstances of the Society, par- ticularly as regards the unsettled state of the Museum question, the Council do not feel it necessary to enter into any detailed statements on this head. A Committee was appointed in the early part of last year to consider the whole subject ;. and their final Report, lately presented to the Council, embodies the result of their labours, and will be laid before the Society at large as soon as certain in- quiries therein suggested, and still pending, shall have been brought to a conclusion. During the progress of their inquiries, they judged it necessary to recommend to the Council the expediency of ordering a valuation of the preserved Collections to be made for the information and guidance of the Society in arriving at a proper judgment on the important question of their final disposition. This was accordingly done by two of the most competent gen- tlemen whom the Council could select for that purpose, and who have returned a detailed valuation of the several classes of specimens preserved in the Museum, amount- ing in the whole to the sum of £10,965. The state of the premises in Leicester Square, occa- sioned by the pulling down of the adjoining houses, in addition to other inconveniences attached to them as a depository for so valuable a Collection, determined the Council to take advantage of the covenant in their lease, by. which they were empowered to determine the tenancy at Lady-day last; but owing to the still unsettled state of the Museum question, they have concluded a fresh ar- rangement for retaining possession of the inhabitable part till Midsummer next, by which time it is hoped that this subject will have been finally disposed of, and the Council will then be at liberty to provide permanent accommoda- tion for carrying on the ordinary business of the Society. In the meantime, the Collections have been removed to 8 Square, where they are arranged as conveniently as the confined space will admit. As soon as the pending inquiries already alluded to shall have been brought to a conclusion, the Council in- tend to summon a Special General Meeting of the Society, to take the whole subject of the Museum into considera- tion, for the purpose of determining upon its ultimate destination. Donations to the Museum.: The principal Donations to the Museum since the last Anniversary have been— Seven fine species of Birds of Paradise, presented by the Duke of Northumberland. A Skin of the Ibex, three Skins of the Moufflon ; two specimens of a species of Lemmus; a Collection of Birds and Reptiles, in spirit; and a few Birds’ Eggs and Shells, from Erzeroom, presented by Edward Dal- zell Dickson, M.D., and Henry Jas. Ross, Esq., Corr. Members. Four Skins of Mammalia from Malacca; two specimens of Swallows with their Nests, from the Philippine Islands ; two Skins of the Trogon ardens, Tem., male and female; and a new species of Cuckoo (Phenico- phaus Cumingi) ; also seventy-one specimens of Bird- Skins, from Manilla, presented by Hugh Cuming, Esq., Corr. Member. Eighteen Bird-Skins from the Neilgherry Hills, collected by T. C. Jerden, Esq., E.1.C.S., presented by Hamil- ton Lindsay, Esq., Corr. Member. The body of a Four-horned Antelope, presented by the Earl of Derby, President. Six small Quadrupeds in spirit, and a Collection of Birds’ Eggs, from Devonshire, presented by Charles Apple- yard, Esq. A Specimen of Ausonia Cuvieri, Risso, and two Snakes, from Demerara, presented by the Rev. R. T. Lowe, Corr. Member. “e 9 Specimens of a Blue Shark (Carcharias glaucus), and a Portbeagle Shark (Zamna cornuhica). A Penelope Urubitinga, from Para; an Otus Brachyotus, and a Larus ridibundus, from Gibraltar. Also a Col- lection of Corals and Marine Zoophytes from the coast of Barbary, presented by John Frembly, Esq., R.N., | Corr. Member. Six Bird-Skins from Cuba, among which are the Mu- sician, and a Flycatcher, apparently both undescribed ; also the Head, Wings, &c. of the Nycticorax violacea, presented by Charles Clarke, Esq. Twenty-seven Bird-Skins from Australia, presented by Leonard Chandler, Esq. Twenty-one Bird-Skins, and two bottles of Reptiles, from Port Essington, presented by Owen Stanley, Capt. R.N., of H.M.S. Britomart. Sixty-three Bird-Skins, twenty Nests, and a Collection of Eggs, from Tangiers, presented by G. W. H. Drum- mond Hay, Esq., son of Drummond Hay, Esq., of Morocco, Corr. Member. A Skull of the Babyrussa, and the body of a Gray Par- rot, presented by Sir George Farrant. An Alligator from Mexico, presented by Lieut. Robert Innis, R.N., of H.M. brig Pandora, Corr. Member. Thirteen Bird-Skins, and a Collection of Mollusca and “Zoophytes in spirit, from Sicily, presented by Madame Power, Corr. Member. A small Dog under a Glass Shade, presented by H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent. - Besides which, donations have also been received from _M. Drummond ; Thomas Whitfield ; Capt. George War- ren; George Knapp; Anthony White; William Yar- rell; Dr. Robertson ; Rob. Schomburgk, Corr. Memb. ; Hon. Sir Edw. Cust; Capt. William Reynolds ; Charles Drummond; John Goldham; John Smith; Aug. E. Fuller; Lord Francis Egerton; Wm. J. Broderip. The number of Visitors to the Museum during the year 1840 was 3901, of which 3330 were privileged and 571 10 unprivileged ; and the money received for admission was £28 11s. 2, LipRaRy. The principal donations to the Library since the last Anniversary have been— Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Tu- rin, presented by the Academy. Transactions and Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, presented by the Society. Transactions and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, presented by the Society. Transactions of the Royal Acaflemy of Sciences of Stock- holm, presented by the Academy. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, presented by the Society. Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Ber- lin, presented by the Academy. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Irish Aca- demy, presented by the Academy. Transactions of the Society of Arts, &c., presented by the Society. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, pre- sented by the Society. Transactions of the Institute Royale des Pays Bas, pre- sented by the Institute. Besides Proceedings and Journals from the following learned bodies :—the American Philosophical Society, the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris, the Imperial Aca- demy of Sciences of St. Petersburgh, the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow, the Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels, the Royal Geographical Society of London, * the Royal College of Surgeons, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain, the Royal Institution of Cornwall, the Royal Agricultural Society of England, the Boston (U.S.) Natural History Society, the British Association, the Franklin Institute, the Scientific Society of London. Donations have also been received from Professors Vro- lik, Savi, For. Memb., Van der Hoeven, Muller, Agassiz, the Editor of the Atheneum Journal, William Ogilby, 1 Philip Kernan, Messrs. Whitehead and Co., L. Vanuxem, Rob. H. Schomburgk, Corr. Memb., J. Hogg, Edward Newman, Capt. Harris, E.I.C.S., M. A. Valenciennes, For. Memb., Dr. Riippell, For. Memb., M. de Selys-Long- champs, A. Quetelet, I. Van Voorst, Dr. Natterer, J. M‘Clel- land, Corr. Memb., John Gould, Corr. Memb., James Dickson, M. le Baron de la Fresnaye, Dr. Andrew Smith, Corr. Memb. 3. PUBLICATIONS. Under this head it is only necessary to state, that the — Proceedings, up to the conclusion of last year, are now in the press ; and that Part 5. of Vol. II. of the Transactions is now completed, and will be ready in a few days for dis- tribution to the Members and the public. III. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. 1. Works. Though no works of magnitude have been undertaken at the Gardens during the past season, various minor ones have, nevertheless, been carried on; among which it is only necessary to specify the erection of the external cages at the Monkey-house, the completion of one of the large cages inside, and the permanent repair of the Bridge by the Elephant-house, which had long been a source of anxiety to the Council, and had repeatedly given way in former years. Various buildings of greater importance are, however, now in contemplation. Plans and estimates have been re _ already obtained for the construction of a New Pheasantry, and of apartments for the use of the Cook and Confec- tioner ; and a plan is under consideration, for providing permanent accommodation for the Deer and Antelopes, in- stead of the confined and unwholesome temporary build- ings in which they are at present placed, and which, it is hoped, may be made equally ornamental to the Gardens, and appropriate to the habits of this beautiful and inte- resting class of animals. In the erection of them and all 12 future buildings, the Council are determined to keep in view the principle of classification and concentration de- veloped in last year’s Report, convinced as they are that the interest and utility of the Collection will be materially enhanced by bringing together all those animals which are actually allied to one another. For this purpose, and to enable them to judge properly of the distribution of the buildings, with a just view at once to economy and effect, they have ordered a survey of the Gardens to be made to a convenient scale. 2. MENAGERIE. This important department has received many valuable accessions during the past year, and its state has been in some respects considerably ameliorated. The Monkey- house, in particular, has continued perfectly healthy since the period of the last Anniversary Report: the stock in this department has uniformly averaged from 50 to 60 in- dividuals ; and though among so large a number of these delicate animals it was but natural to expect some casual- ties, it is yet highly satisfactory to know that there has not been, within the last twelve months, a single instance of phthisis, or tuberculated lungs, that destructive malady which caused so much mortality during the preceding win- ter and spring. The Giraffes continue to enjoy uninterrupted good health, and the female is expected to calve about the middle of June. The whole number of animals contained in the Mena- gerie at the present moment is 894, of which 352 are Mammals, 524 Birds, and 18 Reptiles. a. Species not hefore exhibited. Of Mammals, 1 entirely new species, and 13 species not before exhibited in the Society’s Menagerie, besides 9 species of Birds new to the Collection, have enriched the Gardens during the past season. The Council cannot leave this part of the subject with- out adverting more specially to the very rare and valuable teas ae 13 donation of Birds and Quadrupeds presented by their esteemed Corresponding Member, Hugh Cuming, Esq., on his return from the Philippine Islands; a donation ex- _ ceeding in rarity and interest any single Collection which the Society has received for some years. Among other specimens presented by Mr. Cuming, were a noble ex- ample of the Argus Pheasant, believed to be the first living bird of the species ever seen in Europe, a Fire-backed Pheasant, a Gibbon Ape, a Flying Squirrel, &c., most of which are still living, and form some of the greatest orna- ments of the Menagerie. Neither can they pass over with- out special notice the interesting donation of a living Ba- byrussa, the first ever seen in this country, which they owe to another valued Member of the Society, Capt. Ed- ward Belcher, R.N., to whom the Society was already under many previous obligations. The following is a list of the new and rare species ex- hibited for the first time in the Society’s Menagerie : List of Mammals exhibited for the first time at the Menagerie. Agile Gibbon (dark variety). Hylohbates agilis. Talapoin Monkey. Cercopithecus Talapoin. A new species of Cercopithecus. C. tantalus, Ogilby. Anjouan Lemur. Lemur Anjuanensis. A small undetermined species of Ichneumon, from Mada- gascar. — Fasciated Ichneumon. Herpestes fasciatus. The Zorilla. Zorilla Capensis. The Bassaris. Bassaris astuta. The Babyrussa. Sus Babyrussa. Indian Tapir. Tapirus Indicus. Splendid Flying-Squirrel. Pteromys nitidus. .West African Ground-Squirrel. Seiwrus erythropus. Opossum Mouse. Pahalangista nana. Moor Monkey. Semnopithecus Maurus. 14 List of Birds exhibited for the first time. American Robins. Zwurdus migratorius. Pink-footed Goose. dnas pheenicopus, Bartlett. Black-throated Troupiale. Icterus gularis. Short-tailed Eagle. Helotarsus typicus, Smith. Argus Pheasant. 4drgus Pavoninus, Vieill. Fire-backed Pheasant. Euplocomus erythrophthalmus, Gray. Argus Partridge. Perdix longirostris, Hardw. and Gray. Hornbill. Buceros Anthracinus? Tem. Parrot. Paleornis columboides. Scarlet Tanager. Tanagra rubra, Auct. Mocking-bird. Orpheus polyglottus, Swains. h. Donations. The principal Donations to the Menagerie, during the past year, were as follows :— A Lioness and a White Stork, presented by HER MasEsty THE QUEEN. Two Vulpine Opossums, a Wolf, two Hybrid Geese, be- tween the Barnacle und White- fronted, a pair of Mount Sinai Partridges, two Racoons, and a Horned Frog, presented by the Earl of Derby, President. A Chinese Goose, a Long-bill’d Partridge, a Hornbill, an Argus Pheasant, a Fire-backed Pheasant, a Flying Squirrel, a Gibbon Monkey, and a Paradoxure Gennet, presented by Hugh Cuming, Esq., Corr. Memb. A Moufflon, presented by the Right Hon. Sir Augustus Foster, H.M. Minister at Turin. A Red Deer, presented by Lady Rolle. A Sambur Deer, presented by the Earl of Powis. Two Silky Monkeys, presented by Lieut. Robert Innis, R.N., of H.M. brig Pandora, Corr. Memb. A Boa Constrictor, presented by His Excellency Sir Henry MacLeod, Governor of Trinidad. A White-headed Sea Eagle, presented by G. R. Robinson, Esq. 15 A Dog-faced Baboon, presented by William Griffiths, Esq. A Wombat, presented by Sir William Burnett, Inspector- General of Naval Hospitals. Two Marmozet Monkeys, presented by H. Artaria, Esq. A Badger, presented by Thomas Hussey, Esq. A Puma, presented by the Leeds Zoological and Botani- cal Society. A Newfoundland Dog, presented by H.R.H. Prince Al- bert. Three Protei, presented by M. Drummond, Esq. A young Puma, presented by Patrick Walker, Esq. A Deer, a Coati Mundi, three Doves, four Collar’d Turtle Doves, one Mountain Dove, and « Pigeon, from Deme- rara, presented by Dr. Evans. A pair of Agoutis, presented by Lieut. Christopher Smith, R.N., H.M.S. Star, Corr. Memb. z A pair of Napu Musk Deer, presented by Miss Gregson. A Crowned Crane, presented by Sir John Barrow. Two Tiger Boa Constrictors, presented by Captain Red- man, Corr. Memb. A Nutmeg Bird, and a species of Oriole new to the Col- lection, presented by Miss Heathorn. Two Mocking Birds, presented by C. B. Courtney, Esq. A Guan, presented by John Frembly, Esq., R.N., Corr. Memb. A Coitea, presented by Charles Stokes, Esq. A pair of Sloth Bears, presented by William Wilson, Esq. A Greater Sulphur-Crested Cockatoo, presented by Mrs. Mette. A Leopard, presented by Lieut.-Gen. Churchill, Corr. Memb. A Bassaris, from Mexico, presented by — Stoltz, Esq., of Vera Cruz, through Lieut. Smith, R.N., Corr. Memb. In addition to which, further Donations have been made by the Rev. J. Bannister; Rev. William Bowyer; Wil- liam S. Gillett; William Rayner; Charles Appleyard; J. Woodward; F. Plomley; W. J. Broderip; — Price; Mrs. 7 Bethell; M. Forster; Mrs. Webster ; Henry Elliott; — 16 Head ; C. F. Mackenzie; R. T. Clarke; — Bell; Capt. Sims; Jasper Atkinson ; — Tedman; Miss Wilson; E. Braby ; — South; W. C. Fish; W. T. Smith; O. Rus- sell; A. Russell; — Adams; S. Robinson; William Ward- rop, R.N.; A. Hamilton; — Bass; G. F. C. Peter; Adam Duff; Mrs. Edward Lawford; R. N. Hunt; Mrs. Cavendish ; — Berry. 3. Visirors. The number of visitors to the Gardens during the year 1840 was 141,009, of whom 49,320 were privileged, and 91,689 unprivileged. In the former there is a decrease of 9,029, and in the latter of 8,394, as compared with the visitors belonging to their respective classes in 1839; a decrease which it is impossible to account for otherwise than upon the principle of that fluctuation which is inse- parably incident to objects of public curiosity. COMMITTEES OF AUDIT, FINANCE AND PUBLICATION. The Council have once more the pleasing duty of record- ing their thanks to the Commirresxs or AupiT, FINANCE and Pustication, for the patience, zeal and ability which they have displayed during the past year, in discharging the important business of their several departments. a ee eee my he > pk Soe ade hs ees iti REPORT OF THE ~ AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS, Appointed January 7, 1841. The Committee of Auditors having carefully examined the Books, Vouchers, and Accounts, lay before the Society the following abstract of the Receipts and Payments for the year 1840, together with a Statement of the Assets and Liabilities of the Society, with their Report thereon. — | > RECEIPTS. "a Hs 5s... £. s. Balance of Cash brought from 1839 ......sccceslsccsssssseeeeens losartan acl eng ne INCOME. Belonging to year 1836 Annual Subscriptions ......cescesseseenees 4 0 0 Transactions ...,.....c000+ sugdiadacas ey 116 0 - 516 0 11 0 0 | 1838 ee Subscriptions ....... steceqdsceuben 68 0 0 Farm Rent ..... Me oihtasiaae ree ta40 5 0 0 —Ee 73 0 0 Admission Fees........... PEE step asteet 50 0 0 Annual Subscriptions ..... eeeneos eres ieee 420 OF 10 1839 Transactions... ........iceceeseeseees Lie? 110 0 MyOrvalicketsupecssrcesssssc ssn taensasinecs “5 410 0 Garden Sales ...... dabetexmccssecascccerees 1410 0 Farm HIOMt ceoscdevecscscacsscstecavancs =n80 60 0 0 ee ae 450 10 0 Admission Fees ........sccccsseeeeeeeees es 420 0 0 Annual Subscriptions ............566+6 .| 53868 5 0 Compositions —.......sscecesseneeeserereeens 240 0 0 Ivory; Pickets.. ee Sih a. z SS ae 4 b. Honorary and Foreign Members. The number of Honorary Members remains the same as at the last Anniversary. Among the Foreign Members the Council have to la- ment the death of Professor Audouin of Paris, one of the most distinguished entomologists of modern times, and who had the rare talent of making his extensive scientific knowledge practically useful to his country. His appli- cations of entomological science to agriculture and the arts, as displayed in his various memoirs on the Cantha- rides, the Pyrale de la vigne, which for some years ra- vaged the rich vineyards of Burgundy, the Termites,which, originally imported from India, were committing the most alarming devastations among the wooden buildings of Rochelle, and other destructive insects, have opened a new field of inquiry in this branch of Natural History, and conferred a lasting benefit on the husbandman, by teaching how to destroy or prevent the increase of those myriads of minute enemies which so frequently disappoint his well-grounded: hopes. It is such men—men, who, like M. Audouin, have by their unpretending but valuable labours made themselves the benefactors of their fellows —whose premature death becomes a public loss, and whose memory should be held in reverence by every class of society. ce. Corresponding Members. The number of Corresponding Members at the present moment amounts to 140. Among the deaths which have occurred in this class of Members during the past season, the Society has to regret those of Dr. Hancock of Guiana, and M. Julien Desjardins, President of the Natural Hi- story Society of the Mauritius, both of them donors to the Museum and occasional contributors to the Pro- ceedings. 2, Finances.—a. Income and Expenditure. The income of the Society during the year 1841 amounted to £11,611 15s. 1ld., and the expenditure to £10,931 17s. 5d., leaving an absolute surplus of £679 18s. Gd. in favour of the income. In both these sums it will be observed that there is a considerable fall- ing off as compared with the previous year; but the Council entertain hopes that at least that portion of the 5 deficit in the income may still be recovered which arises from the non-payment of entrance-fees and first years’ __. subscriptions, and which amounts to the sum of £360. __Inconformity with the pledge formerly given, the Council have continued to reduce the expenditure of the Society, wherever an opportunity occurred of doing so without impairing the generalefficiency of the several departments. Savings to the amount of £907 2s. 1d. on the whole have been effected under this head during the past year, and the Council cordially respond to the recommendation of the Committee of Auditors ‘ to keep a watchful eye over the future expenditure in order to reduce it as much as possible.” It is hoped that the removal of the Museum Establishment to the Gardens, which will probably take place before the next Anniversary, and the consequent concentration of these two departments, will enable the Council to effect a very considerable reduction in the gross expenditure of future seasons, if it does not also add to the permanent income of the Society. b. Assets and Liabilities. The assets of the Society—or rather the actually avail- able assets, exclusive of stock, buildings, and other pro- perty at the Gardens and Museum—amounted on the 3lst of December to the sum of £14,313 4s. 7d., being an excess of £690 2s. 8d. over the assets of the previous year; but on the other hand the liabilities of the past year exceeded those of the year immediately preceding by the amount of £462 4s. 11d. IL. SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENT. 1. Museum. The Society are aware that the conservation of the ex- _ tensive and valuable Collections in all departments of _ Zoology which have been accumulating for the last fifteen years, and the providing of a proper building for their ultimate reception, have long been subjects of consider- mi able anxiety to the Council. The unsetled state of the ~ _ Museum question for some years past has indeed par- tially paralysed the exertions of the Council in other de- _ partments, since, independently of the variety of conflict- __ ing opinions that such a state naturally produced, it was _ felt that no general or comprehensive plan could be 6 adopted so long as this important element remained in suspense. During the past year, however, considerable progress has been made towards a final adjustment of this verata questio. Agreeably to the promise made in last year’s Report, a Special General Meeting of the So- ciety was held at Willis’s Rooms on the 20th of May last, **to take the whole subject of the Museum into consi- | deration, for the purpose of determining upon its ultimate destination.” The Meeting was very numerously attend- ed; a Report, containing a history of the Museum ques- tion up to that period, and various statistical returns con- nected with it, was presented by the Council ; and after an ample discussion of the whole subject, the following resolution was adopted by an overwhelming majority :— ‘© Resolved, ‘That it appears to this Meeting that the Society cannot divest itself of its scientific character, so essential to its dignity and respectability, without violating the Charter of Incorporation, “That the Museum is a necessary and intrinsic part of the Scientific Establishment, which it is essential should be perpetuated, the origin of which is contemporary with that of the Society itself, which was formed by the muni- ficence of our original founders, enlarged by the dona- tions of numerous correspondents in all parts of the world, and heretofore invariably recognised by every successive Council as an indispensable object of the Institution. ** That independently of its scientific character, and the number and rarity of the specimens it contains, which alone have caused the Society to be known and respected in foreign countries, it would be highly derogatory to the dignity of the Society and injurious to its best inter-_ ests, to part with a Collection, in many departments the most complete in Europe, the formation of which has been a labour of fifteen years, which has been valued in money at £11,000, but which could not be again accu- mulated for a much larger sum. “That numerous Fellows have been induced to join the Society on the strength of its scientific reputation, many of whom would retire were it by any means to di- vest itself of that character ; that 499 other Fellows have compounded for the Annual Subscription by payments to the amount of no less than £12,860, on the collective security of the Society’s whole property; and that any abstraction from the entire amount of that property would be a breach of faith if made without their concurrence.” ?->*~ — 7 This resolution finally disposed of all questions rela- ting to the propriety of retaining the Museum as an inte- - gral and essential part of the Scientific Establishment ; and for the purpose of carrying it into effect, it was fur- ther resolved,— «That a Committee, consisting of Members of Council and a certain number of the Fellows of the Society, be appointed, for the purpose of considering the Report of the Council of the Society read this day at a Special General Meeting, and to make a Report of the best mode of preserving the Society’s Collection, with a view of ad- vancing the scientific objects intended by the Charter, and to report thereon to a General Meeting.” A mixed Committee of Six Members was accordingly appointed, and after various meetings, and an attentive examination of the subject in all its bearings, agreed to a Report, which was presented to a Special General Meet- ing of the Society on the 8th of July, and adopted, toge- ther with the following resolution, in accordance with its recommendation, viz.— : “That the recommendation contained in the Report of the Museum Committee now read be adopted, and that the Council be authorized to carry into effect such recommendation, provided the site on the usual terms of a Building Lease can be obtained ; and further, to draw upon the Investment Fund for a sum not exceeding £5000, to be applied for that purpose.” A Committee of Council was accordingly appointed on _ the 14th of July, but in consequence of the unsettled state of negotiations shortly afterwards entered into with the Commissioners of Woods and Forests, the nature of _ which will be explained elsewhere, the Committee did not begin to act till the 5th of March last. Since that _ period, however, the Committee has met regularly, gene- rally speaking, twice a week, and great progress has been __ already made in carrying out the views of the Society. On _ the 11th of March an Advertisement was inserted in the ; cere Morning Papers, inviting Architects to furnish _ Plans and Designs for the proposed Museum, according to general instructions drawn up by the Committee. Nine sets of Plans were accordingly submitted for competition, all of them respectable, and some of very considerable me- rit. After attentive and repeated examinations of each Plan in allits details, and a patient comparison of its merits and capabilities with those of the other Plans, the Committee finally made a provisional selection of a design furnished 8 by Mr. Elmslie, as, combined with a chaste architectural elevation, affording at once the greatest accommodation, and requiring the least immediate outlay. The following is a List of the Donations to the Museum since the last Anniversary. Donations to the Museum. A Skeleton of the African Musk Deer, and a Specimen of the same species, presented by The Earl of Derby, President. A Collection of Brazilian Fishes in spirit, presented by J. Frembly, Esq., R.N., Corr. Member. A Collection of Skins from Australia, presented by Miss Palmer. Six Skins of rare Monkies from Fernando Po, presented by George Knapp, Esq. Fifty-seven Bird-Skins, and three Quadruped-Skins, from Australia, presented by Jeremiah Olive, Esq. A Specimen of the Trogon temnura, presented by Charles Clarke, Esq. Twenty-four Bird-Skins, three of Bassaris astuta, one of a species of Mephitis, one Ascomys Mexicanus, one Shrew, one Arvicola, two American Badgers and one Qpossum, presented by Edward Charlesworth, Esq. A Specimen of a Manis, presented by John Blore, Esq. Acollection of Quadruped and Bird-Skins, a Black Snake, a Fish, and a Collection of Shells and Crustacea, from Australia, presented by J. B. Harvey, Esq., Corr. Member. Two Specimens of the Bridled Kangaroo, presented by John Gould, Esq. A Collection of Bird-Skins from India, presented by S. Solly, Esq. A Specimen of a Young Harp Seal, four Willow Ptar- migans, a Pintailed Duck, a Teal, and a Black-backed Gull. Also the Foetus of an Esquimaux, presented by Edward Lee Moore, Esq., Corr. Member. Two Specimens of Malurus splendens and one of Nyeti- corax Caledonicus, trom Australia, presented by J. E. Armstrong, Esq. Five Orangs in spirit, from Borneo ; and a very valuable Collection of Skulls and Skeletons of the same animal, presented by James Brooke, Esq., of Borneo, Corr. Member. A Collection of Freshwater Fishes in spirit, from India, presented by Dr. M‘Clelland, Corr. Member. Po 2 9 _ Six Bird-Skins, four Reptiles, and a Fish, from Egypt, presented by Miss H. Hope. A species of Snake, and a small Fish (Tetrodon), from the West Indies. Also two species of Bats, and Spe- cimens of a Cuttle Fish and two Snakes from Sierra Leone, presented by P. Leigh Strachan, Esq. A preserved Grivet Monkey, presented by the Duke of ~ Northumberland. A Specimen of the Angler, presented by Christopher Grove, Esq. A Collection of Coleopterous Insects, presented by James Close, Esq. Three pendent Nests from Western Africa; also a Col- lection of Reptiles in spirit, and seven Bird-Skins, from the Niger, presented by Dr. Stanger. 2, LiBRary.. The principal donations to the Library since the last Anniversary have been— Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society, presented by the Society. Transactions and Proceedings of the Linnean Society _ of London, presented by the Society. Transactions and Proceedings of the Horticultural So- ciety of London, presented by the Society. Transactions and Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, presented by the Society. Transactions and Proceedings of the Entomological ____ Society of London, presented by the Society. _ Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of _ Edinburgh, presented by the Society. a Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Academy ___ of Sciences of Munich, presented by the Academy. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Academy ___ of Sciences of Copenhagen, presented by the Academy. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin, presented by the Academy. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Academy. __ of Sciences of Stockholm, presented by the Academy. _ Transactions and Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Breslaw, presented by the Academy. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philo- __ sophical Society, presented by the Society. Besides Proceedings, Journals and Memoirs from the following learned bodies :—The Royal Academy of Sci- 10 ences of Paris, the Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburgh, the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Mos- cow, the Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels, the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, the Franklin _ Institute of Philadelphia, the Natural History Society of Geneva, the Natural History Society of the Mauritius, the Leeds Philosophical Society, the Tasmanian Society, the British Association, the Royal College of Surgeons of London, the Royal Agricultural Society of England, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain. Donations have also been received from Drs. Andrew Smith and M‘Clelland, Corr. Members ; Profs. Vrolik and Brandt; William Yarrell, Capt. Harris, Hon. E.1.C.S., Edward Newman, Philip Kernan, Lovell Reeve, George Gulliver, John Hogg, Lee Thornton, George R. Gray, B. H. Hodgson, Corr. Member, A. Quetelet, W. Horner, J. Hays, Dr. Martins, P. H. Nicklin, F. Pictet, Dr. Mi- ram, the Editor of the Atheneum Journal, United Ser- vice Museum, Gotthelf Fischer, Foreign Member, J. W. Gutch, H. E. Strickland. 3. ScieENTIFIC MEETINGS AND PUBLICATIONS. The unsettled state of the Museum question, want of immediate access to specimens required for illustration, and the inconvenient situation of the apartments tempo- rarily occupied by the Society since the last Anniversary, though they have not been allowed to interfere with the re- gularity of holding the Scientific Evening Meetings, have seriously impeded the attendances, and abridged the interest formerly taken in them. As soon however as the main question is disposed of, and the Council know ex- actly what will be required in town, means will be taken to provide permanent and more central accommodation ; and it is confidently hoped that both the interest and utility of these Meetings will revive and increase. The Proceedings of the Society have been published regularly, and Part I. of Vol. ILI. of the Transactions is now ready for delivery. Ill. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. 1. Works. The only works of consequence undertaken during the past season were the erection of the New Refreshment 11 Rooms, and the completion of the internal fittings of the Monkey House by the addition of a second large cage. The Steam-engine also, which from the combined effects of wear and tear and original bad construction had got considerably out of order, has undergone a thorough re-~ pair, and the supply of water which it furnishes is now more than sufficient for all the purposes of the Society. It may be proper to notice also, that a very beautiful Sur- vey of the Gardens, mentioned in the last Report as having been ordered, has been since completed by Mr. Elmslie to a scale of 30 feet to the inch, and has been found of the greatest use in enabling the Council to judge properly of the distribution of the Buildings with a just view to economy and effect. Various works of greater magnitude, however, are in immediate contemplation. The new Museum proposed to be erected at the Gardens has been already mentioned, and the building itself will be proceeded with as soon as the pending arrangements with the Woods and Forests, formerly alluded to, shall have been brought to a favour- able issue. Other contemplated works will be mentioned under the succeeding head of 2, EXTENSION OF THE GARDENS. g Shortly after the last Anniversary it became known _ that a plan was under contemplation by the Commission- ers of Woods and Forests for opening that part of the _ Regent’s Park which immediately surrounds the Gardens on the south and south-west, to the public generally ; and __ the Council considered this a favourable opportunity for coming to a permanent arrangement with the Government on the subject of the grazing ground, and some other _ points arising more immediately out of the proposed al- _ terations. A correspondence was accordingly opened _ between the Council and the Commissioners of Woods _ and Forests; and after various delays, occasioned by the _ change of Government and other causes, it was finally _ agreed that the Society should surrender to the Crown the slip of ground which they held on the north bank of the Regent’s Canal, opposite to the Gardens; that hey should exchange a small portion of ground at the astern end of the North Garden, required by the Com- issioners for their contemplated extension of the broad ntral walk to the Canal, for a similar portion of new round at the western extremity of the same Garden; 12 and that the ten acres hitherto held from year to year as grazing ground should be conceded to the Society for general purposes, with permission to erect buildings and extend the landscape-gardening over this portion equally as over every other part of the Gardens, the Com- missioners further engaging to erect a substantial fence round all that side of the Gardens which becomes ex- posed by the opening of the Park. So long as the settlement of these questions remained in abeyance, upon which their future plans and the scope they might have for carrying them out were obviously dependent, or with which they were at least very intimately connected, the Council was necessarily precluded from proceeding with the arrangements which they had long contemplated for the erection of the Museum, and the better accommo- dation of the Ruminants, Carnivora, and other interest- ing portions of the live Collection, as mentioned in last year's Report; but these obstacles being now removed, it is hoped that no further impediment will arise to frus- trate the immediate realization of their intentions. The progress actually made by the Museum Committee has been already noticed, and the Council have to announce that a Garden Arrangement Committee has been recently ap- pointed, to consider and report on the most eligible plan (and to superintend the laying out of the new ground) for the arrangement of the Gardens generally, with special reference to the providing of better and more permanent accommodation for the Ruminantia, Carnivora, Gallina- cea, and other interesting and valuable portions of the live Collection. This Committee will presently commence its duties, and proceed as rapidly as possible to their con- clusion : if not actually enabled to finish, it is confidently hoped that they will at least make very considerable pro- gress towards the completion of their labours during the present season. 3. MENAGERIE. In no year since the commencement of the Society have the lists embraced a greater number of Donations than have been received during the past season; and the Council feel a peculiar pleasure in congratulating the Fellows upon this fact, as a proof of the unabated interest which the friends of the Society continue to take in fur- thering its objects. ‘The donation of five Orangs by J. Brooke, Esq., Cor. Mem., demands a more especial no- tice, particularly as it cannot appear in the subjoined list, the animals having all unfortunately died during the passage from Borneo to England; but the Society is not the less indebted to the zeal and good wishes of their valued correspondent. Many rare and valuable animals have likewise been added to the Menagerie, by purchase, since the last An- niversary. Among others may be mentioned a very fine Lion, a Chati Ocelot (F. Chati, F. Cuv.), the first ever possessed by the Society, a large male Kangaroo (M. major), and three Chimpanzees : these last unfortunately died shortly after their removal to the Gardens. In other respects the Society has suffered few losses of conse- quence by death during the past year; and the health of the animals generally has been satisfactory, considering the severity of the season. The Giraffes still continue to enjoy uninterrupted health. The female gave birth to a male fawn on the 27th of May, and owing to the judicious arrangements adopted in consequence of the former failure, immediately noticed her offspring, permitted it to suck, and has finally _ reared it successfully. It is now of a good size, has been recently weaned, and removed into a separate pen from the mother. The Society has thus happily succeeded in rearing the first Giraffe which probably ever reached the adult state out of Africa, or in-a state of domestication. Donations to the Menagerie. The principal donations to the Menagerie during the past year were as follows :— _ Two Hog Deer, a Cross Fox, an Angola Vulture, two _ American Larks, a Four-fingered Monkey, an Egyptian Ichneumon, a Gennet from South Africa, a Paco, and _ an Julus from Sierra Leone, presented by the Earl of Derby, President. __ A Barbary Ape, presented by H.R.H. Prince George __ of Cambridge. A Crested Porcupine, an Indian Civet Cat, two Ocelots, __ two Gennets, two Java Pea Fowls, and two Green- . winged Turtle-Doves, presented by Capt. Bogle, Com- _ missioner of Arracan, and C. W. Smith, Esq., of the __ Bengal Civil Service. _ A Brent Goose, two Gulls, two Snow Buntings, and a _ Black-headed Gull, presented by W. H. Sankey, Esq. ____ Two Squirrel Flying Opossums, and a Bronze-winged ___ Pigeon, presented by R. White, Esq. 714 Two Lions and a Lioness, presented by Sir Thomas Reade, H.M. Consul-General at ‘Tunis, and Honorary Member. A Badger, presented by H. Streatfield, Esq. Two Badgers, presented by the Hon. Sir Edward Butler. ee Badgers, presented by Sir Thomas Dyke Acland, art. : Two Rhesus Monkeys, presented by J. Sivewright, Esq. A Bonneted Monkey, presented by J. Monins, Esq. A Lesser White-nosed Monkey, presented by Craufurd Heath, Esq. A Rhesus Monkey, presented by — Querellard, Esq. A Green Monkey, presented by H. W. Morton, Esq. A Grivet Monkey, presented by the Duke of Northum- berland. A Macaque Monkey, presented by Capt. Clarke. Two American Fallow Deer, presented by Charles March Phillips, Esq. A Crested Porcupine, presented by Capt. Stubbs. A Mauge’s Opossum, presented by Dr. Gregory. A Malabar Squirrel, presented by Capt. Winn. A Laren presented by A. Prescott, Esq., Bombay Ca- valry. Two Sheep, from the Cape, presented by Capt. William Heathorn, Corr. Member. ; A Deer from South America, and a Red and Blue Mac- caw, presented by the Viscount De Barbacena, Corr. Member. A Purple-capped Lory, presented by Mrs, Stevenson. A Roseate Cockatoo, presented by Mrs, Reid, widow of the late Dr. John Reid, Surgeon of the 50th Regiment. A Sulphur-crested Cockatoo, presented by the Hon, Al- gernon Tollemache. © A Red Curassow, presented by Lieut. Corbett. An Amazonian Parrot, presented by William Ord, Esq. A pair of Bronze-winged Pigeons, presented by Henry Dowling, Esq. Eight young Shieldrakes,.a Golden Eagle, and three Gold Pheasants, presented by Aug, E. Fuller, Esq., M.P. Two Spanish Ducks, presented by Henry Coles, Esq. A Golden Eagle, presented by James Morrison, Esq., M.P. Two Muscovy Ducks, presented by Jos. Ryan, Esq. A Sandwich Island Goose, presented by the Marquis of Ailsa. Six Pea Fowls, presented by L. Smith, Esq. 15. _ Two Japan Pea Fowls, presented by Sir John Trevalyan. Two Egyptian Geese, presented by Capt. Case. ‘Two Guans, presented by Jonathan Hopkinson, Esq. A Water Tortoise and a Siren, presented by William Ogilby, Esq., H.M. Consul at Charles Town, South Carolina, Corr. Member. A Chinese Bonneted Monkey, presented by — Hewitt, * Esq. © - A 7 Monkey, presented by Master Styles. A Mona Monkey, presented by John Heath, Esq. A Rhesus Monkey, presented by S. Kennick, Esq. A Bonneted Monkey, presented by A. Barklimore, Esq. A Macaque Monkey, presented by James Searle, Esq. A Macaque Monkey, presented by Mrs. Nicholson. A Rhesus Monkey, presented by William Parsons, Esq. A Sable, presented by John Jacovleff, Esq., Corr. Member. A pair of Leopards, presented by the Duke of Suther- 2 and. 5 ial Ocelot, presented by the Rt, Hon. Sir George Cock- burn. » A Black Bear from North America, presented by Alex- ander MacPherson, Esq. A Lynx from Canada, presented by Admiral Sir Charles dam. _ A Wolf (male), presented by Capt. Cocksedge. _ An Indian Buffalo, presented by Lord Dacre. 4s very small Zebus, presented by Richard Twining, sq. A Red Coati Mondi, presented by Sir James E. An- _ derson. _ A Red Coati Mondi, presented by J. H. Hamond, Esq. _ A Racoon, presented by John Collett, Esq. _ A Racoon, presented by Capt. J. Taylor. _ A Racoon, presented by Dr. Poey, Corr. Member. A Grey Ichneumon, presented by — Purrier, Esq. Two Golden Agoutis, presented by Henry Case, Esq. A Collared Peccary, presented by John Torrence, Esq., Corr. Member. ' _ An Australian Dog, presented by John Beaumont, Esq. _ Two Esquimaux Dogs, presented by J. Graham, Esq. _ One Esquimaux Dog, presented by Capt. King, R.N. _ A Bloodhound, presented by J. T. Mayne, Esq. eee anille Bloodhounds, presented by — Coller, Esq. A Silver Fox from Peru, presented by Capt. Howard. __ Two Indian Civet Cats, presented by Capt. Consitt, Bt > At 16 Four Snails from Africa, presented by Capt. Broadhead. A Sandwich Island Goose, presented by Sir Rowland Hill, Bart. A Hooper Swan, presented by Lady Willoughby de Eresby. A Bloodhound, presented by Henry A. Cooper, Esq., H.M. Consul at Pernambuco, Two Jerboas, presented by Barlow Hoy, Esq. Two dozen of Blue Roach, presented by Sir Robert Heron, Bart. A Dog-faced Baboon, presented by Walter Murray, Esq. In addition to which, further Donations have been re- ceived from Miss Mathews; W. M. Tarlt; — Brown; Mrs. D’Oyly ; M. Langdale ; Mrs. Appleyard ; C. Apple- yard; EK. W. Elmslie ; Capt. Arrow, R.N.; George At- kinson; Lord Orkney; —- Beard; Sir F. B. Watson; F. Saple; R. Andrews; Miss Groves; W. J. Broderip; Mrs. Higgins; A. T. Holroyd; Mrs. Lyons; John Hearne; Wm. Murray; Capt. Trollope; Geo. Mivart; Jos. Blunt ; Sir Grenville Temple, Bart. ; Capt. Johnson ; R. Essery; Sir Charles Farnaby, Bart.; James Foot ; Mrs. Taylor; Mrs. Janvrin. 4. VISITORS. The number of Visitors to the Gardens during the year 1841 was 132,616, of whom 39,425 were privileged, and 93,191 unprivileged, being a decrease of 9895 in the former class, and an increase of 1502 in the latter, as compared with the previous year. ‘This increase of paying visitors, small as it is, affords a satisfactory proof that the attractions at the Gardens still continue to en- gage public curiosity ; and it is hoped that more fayour- able seasons than we have latterly been accustomed to, and the extensive improvements now under contemplation, will still further increase the attractiveness of the exhi- bition and the number of visitors. COMMITTEES OF AUDIT, FINANCE AND PUBLICATION, Before concluding this Report, the Council have again the pleasing duty of recording their thanks to the Com- MITTEES OF AUDIT, FINANCE AND Pus.icaTion, for the patience, zeal and ability which they have displayed du- ' ring the past year, in discharging the arduous and im- portant duties of their respective Departments. REPORT OF THE AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS, Appointed January 6, 1842. wing abstract of the Receipts and Payments for the year 1, together with a Statement of the Assets and Liabilities Society, and their Report thereon. 2 a ot eee a Pee Sree ee - or Mb ae be ue i - oe eet, er aed cane Fey es Sm a HO Tm aoa os ete Rae ee alae ie li-nssnnsinasiinspardes alitaanctl darcae 18 RECEIPTS. 4 SS SSS £. s. al Balance of Cash brought from 1840 .......0....|. 155 10 14 INCOME. enone Zona Annual Subscriptions ..........++ apeavesen S00 1838~ Garden Sales .............00+ sesaces acre 3.0 0 SN ANISACLIGNS® "ee sste se csuaces cat csecleccecet 416 0 E gee ef! 10 16 0 1839 Annual Subscriptions .......... eeceeeecses 15 0 0 BVORY) DICKEES os su cgpaposnseargst s-bahe Sem : Tun 0 Ss 146 1 0 [ -Satiariesiogs TREES seats su dccclsscetavetacontets 30 0 0 Annual Subscriptions ...............seee0 230 6 0 1940 4 Ivory Tickets ...........sssessesseeeeeeeees 73:10 0 PLOCCCMIN ES 55.05.00 sen. on ctor sss cuennete 018 0 Garden! Salen tr. Soenccacs rcs sutessoneraares Liv el dhe Farm Rent. 7.15... c eee eee 45 0 0 380 9 0 ; ( Admission Fees .............00608 anivesded 155 0 0 Annual Subscriptions .............ss0e008. 4987 7 0 SCORADURIGIOUSL eo.c- 50500 se0rdse co Gane trace 120 0 0 AVES ICREES (i 5 ns cccecesesnindas laces these 244 9 0 Dividends on Bank Annuities ...... | 446 11 8 UCANHACEIONS, ysis te sv dates sseasoateseen sss 35 15 10 Proceedings, . cdr sider tsoash Sseaplonceeh 16 18 5 1841< Miscellaneous ...............seeseveee Becees 1 et bP Fa Admissions to Museum ......seseeceeeeee 017 #0 Museum Catalogues...... eorscveen aceSao Car 0 Admissions to Gardens .........-ese0ee0.| 4659 11 0 Gardlem Gundeess:7..t.c.-seecesssereatesccet 4114 0 Garden Went’) s<.cct-socensantesdoerececone 360 0 0 Garden Sales ....... ersccodeveyetentecis sis 53 6 0 aATIMMRENET ece.ececnetetes Cte sketss aanoee 45 0 0 ee es ee | 1sa2{ hoa Subscriptions (anticipated) .... 29 0 0 Ivory Tickets ........ Do. : RTO 36 7 0 EN COMEMGUN L841 e \iacossscccccctacscessscvecsssvsleccscceecsecnccven| 21,611 15) 115) SiG Proceeds of Sale of £1500 Exchequer Bills ...|.......+0.sccsccecleeeeese aecdecsevecees| 2 1500) an £13,298 10 & | | % 19 PAYMENTS. Farm. Gardens. Museum. oe Total. . ‘EXPENDITURE £.%d) £. sd) £. 5 al hs dal z£, 3. d. HUGMUclewdeiss..escsibeces Jes oc 30 0 0} 212 18 10} 73 10 0o| 3716 0 354 4 10 CCN SOA EP ieee seccsccssseeess| 300 7. 4 214 9} 47 8 0} 40010 1 30 0 0) 563 6 2| 76 4 9! 85 4 0] 75414 11) | _ [Rent, Taxes, Rates, &e..../ 30 0 0| 497 13 Ol 15418 11] 200 4 11 ‘3 | Salaries and Wages........,|...0++000s | 1773 1 8] 226 0 0} 582 4 0 | Keepers’ Dresses..........0./.00.008 meld dieles 57 6 0 Keepers’ Travelling mac bh ula ae 30 0 WeeePeusesi 6)... .c0). cas Cost of Animals ............[es0eeceesceee -| 762 15 0 4 | Carriage of Animals ......|...c0000s.0.0. 65 3 0 ! MPEEOVISIONS | s..5c..0.52/o0Tldeied Reh 2284 19 3 q _ | Menagerie Expenses ......|.. ABcoreeno +-| 666 16 11 MepiGarden Expenses .........|soc-..-e-scee0e| 546 14 0 | + Buildings................ sae gslee teeessseoeeee| 240 14 0 PWOTKS, SFC. we. ccescusenceess seesveces 1099 18 4) 5112 4) 85 15 92 ; _ | House and Office Expenses|..........2..6. CO naa ama | Peach ata 224 10 11 _ | Stationery and BMUNGN GS al penanssncnteees | M20) Sven Sleneicubetess et: 77:16 6 1 | Museum Removal ........ M[stevescatveatebelsceaued eee eee] 252° 4°°°0 s Cost of Subjects ....... Paes aI Aco pee oe ee een ne mets 010 0 ae | | Carriage of Subjects ......|.ssssssssecseeslecesececcceceesss 118 5 q _ | Cost of Preparations ......|secceeesseees euilresemeeteunsceere 78 16 11 i BBEADYATY. cea sess s;0cesescce enaleaeae & Ce tessseceeveceeen| 13 17° 6 Mpiiransactions .....0......sceJeseeuee ae eee Pr A Sac nes par SHE GG? 1419 | Returned Subscriptions ...|.......0+000:..Jesseeeseeseesesse tesscssessecee] 26 4 0 Beene of the carrentL) 30 0 0] 8071 12 9] 779 18 1/1295 16 sl1o,177 2 6f ime ITURE IN 1841......] 60 0 0) 8634 18 11] 855 17 10/1381 0 810,981 17 5] _ aOR ew z J BAe ta eR 2: Bemn00 Exchequer Bills..." | RRA ast oi cae ae hp e | 2,023 10. 7] hand December 31, 1841 ..........cssececueees jas Toye dade tied gad Sy sdn Ma aas 343 2 8 (iat eteat Lil ) £13,298 10 8] B2 20 The Assets and Liabilities of the Society on the 31st of December, 1841 were as follow: : ASSETS. Living and 5 dea Exchequer’ Invested in Capital ? pobbie pha < ills. Pair preg Funded. Cash, Previous Current per Cents. Years. Year. 2 Se 7 ee Tee ea A ER a Ne aa £. & di) £: 75a Cash at Banker’s...|......... Excbeclbredde Loapaueel taco ab Meleaeabionscoeleh Weve dcbcc est {es enabuosaehenann ummm £6918 19s. 5d. q Conalistet | Sinesedece=se|tenmecacgunas Sclteccecrctars acasmaneecaele 1 Sen eee cecal SET 17 7 per Cents...... £7972 5s. 11d. Reduced 8 per }|...sscseseeeces|eee GAME. Sees cople canes ebeda|auane’ Seeks sedud fi ..| 7288 2 5 Cents...... eaP ' ies cb an eee oe ..| 201 0 Ol687 Transactions ......|. pn dapeite sss lb oe reco dese 11 56 Proceedings.........|- caawasWarsosee [Aris cetod trod 0 90 £500 Exchequer 492 5 11 Bills.cecc.. 0. P(e eee nesaeee ..|492 £348 138s. 11d. Consolidated 3 per Cents, Peres wage neo |b och deine aaeac salbag od eee ee 317 16 0 Museum Fund Account ...... Farm Rent ......... eat uaeen Mevach|oddhinhestes> «> 15; ° "0 90 Garden Stock sold, onpid. Pec gnwcan neh PO atitigas > 2. 140 POVcvae sees ape Uncertain. | 203 5 0|/716 8 6/492 5 11] 317 16 0)13,160 0 0/343 2 LIABILITIES. Debts. = ees &. se Bills, &c. unpaid, estimated at— Selymtorthe Gardens Wessiieessaveslasaenceocshos capes -cenneeaewse= 708 0 5 ———$——._ Museum... eons. raccsscencetessscens setads sapiteuteai 19 13 -6 ——_—— General Watabaichneties Sabeassase caret pasascens Gi 219) :20)2 4 946 16 1 Rent, &c. unpaid, say— : Borghie Parnas sic. .eseesUakeg savdacas 4<2 es gins sous se epe kwschaee 34 13 0 GANGENS)S cvouscres ses rccssebes ctectnacecacdvee na sian 21115 6 set Museum ietsiessseevevesiescse Seabee ode eekecenen 31 17 11 21 vs INCOME. From the foregoing abstract it appears that the Income of the Society for 1841, compared with that of 1840, exhibits a decrease of £1120 5s. 6d. The Receipts from the Annual Subscriptions, past and present inclusive, are less than those of the preceding year by £530 18s. Under the head of «Garden Sales” there is a falling off of £151 8s. 6d. The Admission Fees and Compositions show a diminution, amount- ing to £410. It is, however, gratifying to be able to report, that the Admissions to the Gardens exhibit an increase on the year of £75 2s. The amount received for Ivory Tickets is £35 17s. more than it was last year, the whole sum exceeding by a fraction that obtained from this source in 1839. Your Committee, looking at these two items, consider it fair to conclude that the interest taken by the public in the Collec- tions at the Gardens has not declined. EXPENDITURE. Your Committee have much pleasure in being able to report, that the Council have during the year made reductions in the Expenditure amounting to £907 2s. 1d., and this independent of a considerable diminution, under this head, which had been effected during the preceding year. A saving has been made _ in the “ Salaries and Wages,” amounting to £92 13s. 9d.; ‘in the expenses for “ Stationery and Printing,” of £132; in the “ Cost of Preparations,” of £96 7s. 8d.; and in the .. “ Transactions,” of £95 6s. 9d.; whilst the charge for : « Works” is £274 6s. 11d. less than it was the preceding ‘year. On the other hand, there is an increase of £148 4s. 3d. _ in the sum expended in “ Provisions,” the Collection at the _ Gardens having contained an unusual number of large ani- _ mals. The Menagerie Expenses exceed those of last year by £108 4s. 7d.; and for the “ Removal of the Museum” there _ has been an outlay of £252 4s. It is hoped that no other removal will be necessary before the new building for its re- : - ception has been completed. _ Your Committee, considering the present state of the pro- i ai of the Society, and the large encroachment which must 22 shortly be made on its Funded Capital, to provide for the erection of the proposed Museum, earnestly recommend the Council to keep a watchful eye over the expenditure, in order that it may be reduced as much as possible. ASSETS. By the subjoined Account it will be seen that no addition has been made this year to the Stock of the Society in the Funds, but £492 5s. 11d. have been invested in Exchequer Bills, making the whole Assets of the Society, including the Museum Fund and the Cash at the Bankers, amount to £14,313 4s. 7d.; being an increase of £690 2s. 8d. on the preceding year: viz. December 31st, £6913 19s. 5d. Consolidated 3 per Cents, £7972 5s. 11d. Reduced 3 per Less proceeds of £1500 do. sold £1531 4 8 —_——- 492 Museum Fund Account 307 11 10 317 Increase. ... .690 2 8 £14,313 4 7 {£14,313 4 7 LIABILITIES. The Liabilities of the Society amount to £1225 2s. 6d.; in which sum is included a charge of £231 for repairs to the Steam Engine, which has been put into such an efficient state that it is now considered to be nearly as good as a new one. The actual excess of Income over the Expenditure is £690 2s. 8d.; but as there is an increase of £462 4s. 11d. 23 227 17s. 9d. There are no Contracts pending. _ -Your Committee feel they should discharge their duties very imperfectly, if they were to close their Report without bearing testimony to the urbanity, zeal and efficiency of the _ Assistant Secretary, who on every occasion continues to evince MATTHEW TRUMAN. WALTER BUCHANAN. GEO. JOHN STEER. WM. DURRANT COOPER. EDWARD PRIOR. B. L. VULLIAMY. PRESENTED 24 APR.190 4 Printed by R. and J. E. Taytor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 29, 1843, {> LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1843. REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. _ Tux Council beg leave to present to the Fellows of the Zoological Society of London the following Report of their proceedings during the past year, and of the present condition of the several departments. I, GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. MemBers.—a. Fellows. The number of Fellows and Fellows elect at the present moment amounts to 2478, of which the following is a sum- mary :— Paying annual contributions of £2...... ». 960 Ditto ditto eR PI 912 Have compounded....... Set Weta eabatl a higten 487 Ave’ on the Wermant st ei. dias tien ee 110 Have not paid entrance-fees .........+6- ® 2478 Of this number, 37 have been elected since the last Anni- versary, and 8 re-admitted under the provision of the By- Laws, Chap, 1. sect. 9. The number of resignations during the same period has been 109, and of deaths 45; and the removals ordered by the Council, in conformity with the By-Laws, __ amount to 140, viz. 35 under the provision of Chap. 1, sect. 5, and 105 under Chap. 1. sect. 9. E The number of Candidates for the Fellowship is 6. b. Honorary and Foreign Members. __ The number of Honorary and Foreign Members remains as at the last Anniversary. c. Corresponding Members. _ The number of Corresponding Members at present on the lists of the Society amounts to 141 ; and the Council are happy _to announce that the zeal of this useful class of our Associates ar, 7 4 for the advancement of the Society continues to be manifested with unabated ardour, as is proved by the numerous dona- tions both to the Menagerie and Museum, which will be an- nounced in the following lists. Among those elected during the past year, the Council have a peculiar satisfaction in re- ferring to the name of Sir Jamsetgee Jejubhoy of Bombay, a gentleman already honourably known for the munificent patronage which he extends to the charitable and scientific institutions of his native country, and who has acquired the well-merited approbation of his sovereign in the first knight- hood ever conferred on a native of British India. Conjointly with his friend A. N. Shaw, Esq. of the Honourable Com- pany’s Civil Service at Dharwar, also an active and zealous Corresponding Member, to whom the Council are under many obligations, Sir Jamsetgee Jejubhoy has already, with his customary generosity, transmitted, at his own cost, a number of valuable animals to the Society’s Menagerie, some of which have already arrived, and others are shortly expected. 2, Finances.—a. Income and Expenditure. The income of the Society for the year 1842 amounted to the sum of £10,087 18s. 10d., and the expenditure to £9721 8s. 7d., leaving a surplus of £366 10s. 3d. in favour of the income. The Council have to regret that the diminu- tion of income noticed in last year’s Report, as compared with the previous receipts, has been continued during the past sea- son; but retrenchments have been effected in an equal or greater proportion, and the Council have never lost sight of the pledge so frequently repeated in former Reports, to reduce the expenditure of the Society whenever an opportunity oc- curred of doing so, without impairing the general efficiency of the several departments. With this view they have reap- pointed the Receipt and Expenditure Committee whose la- bours were so effective in reducing the expenditure of the Society in the year 1839, and from which they hope for equally beneficial results during the present season. Already, on the recommendation of the Committee, the Council have been in- duced to consolidate the offices of Head Keeper and Medical Superintendent, which will effect a saving of £250 per annum, ay Vers = os 5 without in any degree impairing the general efficiency of that department ; and the Committee hope that, by a rigid examina- tion into the working and necessities of other branches, they may be able to recommend still more extensive retrenchments, Owing to complaints of irregularity on the part of the late con- tractor for working the steam-engine, a Committee of Council was appointed shortly after the last Anniversary Meeting to investigate and report on the matter; and the result of their labours was a recommendation to the Council to hire an engineer and work the engine in future on their own account. This recommendation has been adopted with the best effect ; the supply of water has been more abundant than formerly, though the pumps work only three or four days a week, the engineer’s spare time being usefully employed in various odd jobs about the Gardens, and the saving in coals amounting to between £50 and £60 per annum. But the Committee do not confine their labours to the re- duction of expenditure. It is likewise a part of their duty to inquire into and suggest means for the improvement of the receipts. With this view it has been suggested that the addition of a military band to play in the Gardens on certain Saturdays in the months of May, June, and July, might be the means of maintaining, and even increasing the interest which the public have so long manifested in the Gardens. This plan, as is well known, has been adopted with the best effect by the Horticultural and Royal Botanical Societies ; it is at present under the consideration of the Council, and their determination will be announced to the Fellows of the Society on the distribution of the present Report. TheCouncil further hope that the completion of the Museum and New Carnivora Terrace now in process of erection at the Gardens, by materially increasing the general attractions, will _be the means of drawing additional visitors, and adding to the future income of the Society. b. Assets and Liabilities. The available assets of the Society, that is to say, the actual assets, exclusive of Stock, buildings and other property at the Gardens and Museum, amounted on the 31st of December to 6 the sum of £14,690 2s. 8d. Of this sum, £500 was invested in Exchequer Bills during the last season, but taking into account the difference in the amount of the cash balance at the end of the last and previous years, the actual saving on the year has been only £376 18s. 1d. For more detailed information on this subject, as well as with regard to the Finances of the Society in ~ general, the Council beg to refer to the Report of the Auditors. II. SCIENTIFIC ESTABLISHMENT. ay Museum. In the last Anniversary Report it was announced that the Council had made a provisional selection of a design for the erection of a Museum at the Gardens, and that negotiations for that purpose had been opened with the Commissioners of Woods and Forests on the basis of the Resolution of the Special General Meeting of the Society held on the 8th of July 1841. Unforeseen difficulties arose during the progress of this negotiation, especially with respect to the site of the proposed building, which caused such protracted delays as induced the Council to reconsider the whole subject ; and it has been finally determined to convert the present Carnivora House, enlarged by a new building of equal dimensions on the south, into a Museum for the reception of the preserved Collections. The space thus afforded will, it is conceived, be sufficient for the immediate wants of the Society; whilst the plan has the further advantage of being attended with a very material saving in the estimated outlay. The new build- ing at present in process of erection is to be completed by contract for the sum of £803, and the necessary alterations in the present Carnivora House and the removal of the Col- lections will probably cost about as much more; so that the Council confidently expect to complete the two important works at present in progress at the Gardens—the Museum and Carnivora Terrace—for a less sum than that originally voted by the Society for the Museum alone. Both these works, the latter of which will be more particularly referred to in a succeeding part of this Report, will be completed by the middle of June, and the animals and preserved collections removed into them as soon as possible afterwards. SEI IER $e QED A —.- : Sap eco aru coerce ee ay 1 we a 7 Donations to the Museum. The following is a List of the principal Donations to the Museum since the last Anniversary :— A Collection of Skins of Quadrupeds, viz. Rhinoceros bicornis. Adult. Hippopotamus amphibius. Adult. Catoblepas Gorgon. Male and Female. ——- Gnu, Auct. Antilope ellipsiprymnus. Male. melampus. Male. lunata. ——- caama and young. ——— equina. Male and Female. ———. oreotragus. pediotragus. Megalotis lalandii. Lepus saxatilis. — arenarius. Herpestes fasciatus, and Gerbillus afer, The Skins of seventy-one Birds, and a valuable Collection of Insects, containing 541 species (1177 specimens) of various orders. The whole from the interior of Southern Africa, presented by the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, President. An extensive and valuable Collection of Skins, principally from Sincapore and Borneo, consisting of 39 Mammals, 249 Birds, 1 Reptile, and a large Case of Shells, presented by James Brooke, Esq., of Borneo, Corr. Member. A valuable Collection of Bird-Skins from India, containing 460 specimens, and the Heads of three Antelopes, presented by Walter Ewer, Esq., F.Z.S. A Specimen of a Duck from British Guiana, apparently un- described, presented by R. H. Schomburgk, Esq., Corr. Member. Specimens of an Angler and a Sword Fish (Xiphias gladius, Linn.), presented by John Sweeting, Esq. Twelve Bird-Skins, and some specimens of Sponges, &c., from Newfoundland, presented by Edward Lee Moore, Esq., of St. John’s, Corr. Member. A Specimen of a Manis, presented by the Right Hon, Sir Alex. Johnston. 8 A Nest of an Oriole, built in an Aviary in the Garden of James Ford, Esq., of Clapham, presented by that Gentleman. The following Specimens in Spirit :—two Freshwater Tor- toises, three Birds, one Shrew, one Bat, one Rat, and one Helix from Samsoon. Also two Hedgehogs, two Frogs, a Blind Worm, and a Snake from Trebizond, presented by Edward Dalzell Dickson, M.D., of Constantinople, Corr. Member. Specimens of 10 Birds anda Lizard, in spirit, from Erzeroom, presented by Henry James Ross, Esq., of Erzeroom, Corr. Member. A Collection of Specimens in spirit, consisting of a Box Fish (Ostracion), a rare Shell (Triton), two deformed Chickens, a Flying Fish, a Tetraodon, three specimens of Scolopendra, the larva of a Ceramby#, and some Lepades, presented by H. Pointer, Esq. Three Bird-Skins, and a Collection of Insects and Birds’ Eggs, from Erzeroom. Also the Skull of a Samsoon Hare, pre- sented by Messrs. Dickson and Ross, Corr. Members. Various Specimens of Crustacea arranged in a glass case, and the following specimens in spirit :—six Reptiles, two Fishes (Hippocampus), one Zoophyte, two Spiders, two Bats, and a larva of a Coleopterous Insect. Presented by John N. Tweedy, Esq., Vice-Consul at Port-au-Prince, Corr. Memb. A Specimen of a Flying Phalanger (Belidea ariel), presented by John Gould, Esq. A Specimen of the Spotted Salamander (Salamandra macu- losa), presented by the Earl of Orkney, V.P. A Skin of the Black Bear (Ursus Americanus), a Skin of the Grisly Bear (Ursus ferox), and three Skins of the Bison (Bos Americanus), presented by the Hon. Charles. Aug. Murray. Four Man-of-War Bird-Skins (Tachypetes), two Coursers (Cursorius ), and one Kestril (Cerchneis ), from the Island of Bona Vista, presented by John Rendall, Esq., Her Majesty’s Consul at the Cape de Verd Isles. An Antelope (Antilope Ogilbyi, Waterh.), a Monkey (young) (Cercopithecus Pogonias), an imperfect Skin of Colobus leu- comeros, an imperfect Skin of Viverra Civetta, three Bats, two Squirrels (one the Sciwrus Poensis of Dr. Smith), an . 9 Antelope’s Horn, and twenty-three Bird-Skins, all col- lected in the late Expedition to the Niger, presented by T. R. H. Thompson, Esq., Acting Surgeon on board Her Majesty’s steam-vessel Soudan. Nineteen species of Testacea, collected at Chusan, presented by Dr. Cantor, Bengal Medical Service, Corr. Memb. The Skin of a Yak (Bos poéphagus), presented by Mrs. Farrell. Donations have also been received from Lord Courtown; Rev. R. T. Lowe, Corr. Memb.; A. Empson; H. L. Porter; C. Grove; Capt. Reynolds; and George Wood. 2. LiprarRy. The principal donations to the Library since the last Anni- versary have been— Transactions and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, presented by the Society. Transactions and Proceedings of the Geological Society of London, presented by the Society. Transactions and Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London, presented by the Society. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edin- -burgh, presented by the Society. ’ Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich, presented by the Academy. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin, presented by the Academy. etn — EEE PPO OIE ee aed J Sela ; Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, presented by the Academy. % Transactions of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin, __ presented by the Academy. 4s Transactions of the Society for Encouragement of the Arts, _ &c., presented by the Society. : Transactions of the Imperial Academy of Naturalists of a Breslau, presented by the Academy. Bh Besides Proceedings, Journals, Bulletins and Memoirs s from the following learned bodies :—The Royal Academy of a Sciences of Paris, the Museum of Natural History of Paris, _ the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow, the Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels, the Royal College of Sur- 10 geons of London, the Physical and Natural History Society of Geneva, the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the National Institution for the Promotion of Science esta- blished at Washington, the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science, the Royal Agricultural Society of England, the Royal Institution of Cornwall, the Horticultural Society of London, and the Yorkshire Philosophical Society. Donations have also been received from the Editors of the Athenzum Journal and the Illustrated Polytechnic Review ; Dr. Cantor; Dr. Andrew Smith; Dr. Passerini; and Isaac Lea, Corr. Members ; the Prince of Canino; Dr. Ruppell; A. Va- lenciennes and M. Lesson, Foreign Members; Lovell Reeve ; P. Kernan; Sir John Franklin; Jacob Bell; M. Burmeister ; Edw. Newman; Sir W. Jardine; John EK. Gray; Fred. Ro- binson, R.N.; Dr. Morton ; Professor Agassiz; J. P. Giraud, Jun.; F. J. Pictet, and R. I. Murchison. 3. ScienTIFIC MEETINGS AND PUBLICATIONS. The causes alluded to in last year’s Report as having seriously interfered with the attendances and abridged the in- terest formerly taken in the Scientific Meetings of the Society, that is to say the unsettled state of the Museum question, want of immediate and ready access to specimens required for illustration, and the inconvenient situation of the apartments temporarily occupied by the Society, have continued during the last year to impede the regular working of this depart- ment. Whilst the ultimate situation of the Museum was still doubtful, it was impossible for the Council to determine what amount of accommodation the Society would require in town ; but now that that question has been finally disposed of, no time will be lost in procuring permanent accommodation for the Society in an eligible central situation. III. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. 1. Worxs.—New Carnivora Terrace. The Garden Arrangement Committee mentioned in the Report of 1842 as having been then recently appointed, as- sembled shortly after the last Anniversary, and were actively engaged during the summer and winter in prosecuting the ll important objects of their appointment. The Committee turned their attention in the first place to the necessity of providing more airy and convenient lodgings for the Carni- vora, which, as one of the most attractive portions of the Col- lection to general visitors as well as on account of the health of the animals themselves, required better accommodation than the Council had been heretofore able to afford them. After minutely considering the question in all its various bearings, the Committee came to the resolution that these important objects would both be materially promoted by the adoption of open instead of closed dens for the accommoda- tion of the Carnivora, and a report to that effect was presented to and adopted by the Council on the 29th of June, accom- panied by a plan for carrying out these views by continuing the present Terrace-walk on arches with ranges of cages un- derneath for the accommodation of the animals. The Council conceive themselves justified in entertaining confident hopes of success from the new plan of treatment which they are now about to adopt for the first time towards the Carnivora; and they venture to hope that the arrangement which they have de- _ cided on, as combining ornament with utility, will meet with the approbation of the Society at large. The whole building will extend for about 150 feet from the bears’ pit on a line with the present Terrace, the walk of which will be continued over its roof, with an ornamental balustrade on each side and a descent by a flight of stone steps at the further extremity. Underneath this Terrace, on each side, will be a range of six cages, each 24 feet long and capable of division into compart- ments of 12 or 6 feet each, with a sleeping den of 6 feet square for each 12-foot cage, properly ventilated, but at the same time carefully contrived to exclude cold and retain the natural heat. Artificial heat will be entirely dispensed with, and the only further protection contemplated is an awning to shield the animals from the direct rays of the sun in summer or from storms or rain in winter. The contractors are bound to complete the building by the 10th of June, and the animals _ will be removed into it as soon as it is considered sufficiently dry for their reception. __No other works of consequence are at present in progress q ~ connected with the Garden Department; but the important 12 questions of the Museum and Carnivora being disposed of, the Council will have more leisure to turn their attention to the accommodation of the Ruminantia, Gallinacea and other pressing arrangements. 2. MENAGERIE. The Committee of Auditors have mentioned it in their Re- port as asubject of regret “that it has been necessary to ex- pend a less sum in the cost of animals during the past than in the preceding year.” This was however rather a matter of prudence than of necessity, for the Council did not consider themselves justified in expending large sums in the purchase of animals whilst the contemplated arrangements for their accommodation remained incomplete. In the Monkey and Parrot Houses, where sufficient and proper accommodation is afforded to the inmates, the Collection has always been carefully maintained in as complete a state as possible, and as soon as the New Carnivora Terrace is fit for their reception, the Council will take care to maintain that part of the Collec- tion in a state worthy of the Society. But though the purchases have been on a more limited scale than formerly, the donations have been equally nume- rous during the last as during any preceding season ; and the Council have the pleasing duty of once more recording their thanks to their numerous friends for the zeal and activity which they continue to evince in promoting the objects of the Society. The Council beg to direct the attention of the So- ciety more especially to the munificent donations of the Pre- sident and Lady Rolle, and to those of Sir Thomas Reade and Colonel Warrington, two of the oldest and most liberal contributors to the Gardens. The Giraffes still continue to enjoy the usual good health which has attended them ever since their arrival in the Gar- dens. The female is again with young, and is expected to calve about the middle of February. The Orang-outan also continues to enjoy excellent health, and the Council congratu- late the Society on the preservation of this rare and interest- ing animal, which has now lived nearly three years anda half at the Gardens, or nearly twice as long as any individual of the species was ever known to live in Europe before. 13 Donations to ihe Menagerie. The principal donations to the Menagerie during the past year were as follows :-— A young Puma, a female Hybrid, between the Common Zebra and Dshiggetai, a Coquimbo Fox, a Bonneted Monkey, a Paradoxure Gennet, a Coati-Mondi, two Toulouse Geese, a Spur-winged Goose, two Hybrids, between the White- fronted and Barnacle Geese, a Rhea, and four Passenger Pigeons, presented by the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby, President. A young Leopard, presented by Her Majesty. A Lioness, three young Ostriches, a Golden Eagle, and two Civet Cats, presented by Sir Thomas Reade, Her Majesty’s Consul at Tunis, Honorary Member. A Leopard, presented by Colonel Warrington, Her Majesty’s ~ Consul at Tripoli, Corr. Member. A Tiger and a Sloth Bear, presented by Alex. N. Shaw, Esq., Hon. E.I.C. Civil Service, Bombay, Corr. Member. A Spider Monkey, a Cuba Bloodhound, and an Alligator, caught near Tampico, presented by Capt. Rob. Fayrer, R.N., Corr. Member. _ Two Foxes (male and female) from Norway, presénted by J. R. Crowe, Esq., Her Majesty’s Consul at Finmarken. A Wild Dog from India (Canis Dukhunensis), presented by Q Colonel Sykes. A Green Monkey, presented by Miss Frodelle. An Entellus Monkey, presented by Miss Richardson. A Pig-tailed Baboon and a Macaque Monkey, presented by Wm. Stevenson, Esq. A Barbary Ape, presented by Lord Bagot. A Macaque Monkey, presented by Mrs. Anderson. ' A Macaque Monkey, presented by E. Meldola, Esq. _ A Dog-faced Baboon, presented by Lieut. Webb, R.N. A Brown Capuchin Monkey, presented by William Hood, Esq. A Moustache Monkey, presented by W. Stannard, Esq. A Macaque Monkey, presented by H. Barton, Esq. A Macaque Monkey, presented by Mr. Rich. A Dog-faced Baboon, presented by Lieut. Steevens. A Capuchin Monkey, presented by Mrs. Bridgman. A Common Goat, presented by Miss Taylor. A Malayan Sun Bear, presented by Charles G. Jones, Esq. A Wallachian Ram, presented by Jos. Jas. Forrester, Esq. ~ A Dog from Nootka Sound, presented by Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, R. N. A Moose Deer, (the survivor of two forwarded from St. Pe- tersburgh) presented by Edw. Cayley, Esq. 14 Two Brahmin Cows from Guzerat, presented by Sir James Rivet Carnac, Bart. An Esquimaux Dog, presented by T. S. Thompson, Esq. A Brown Coati-Mondi, presented by Captain Creagh. A Collared Peccary, presented by R. Pollard, Esq. A Hybrid, between the Persian and Common Ass, presented by — Scorer, Esq. An Ibex from Candia, presented by Admiral Sir John West. A Flying Squirrel Opossum, presented by Mrs, Cartwright. Two Capuchin Monkeys, presented by 8. Neave, Esq. A Brahmin Bull, a Zebu Cow, and a Golden Eagle, presented by Lord Southampton. A Sambur Deer, presented by Lord Petre. An Australian Dog, presented by Capt. Collard. A Common Seal, presented by Tho, Barns, Esq. A Pair of Badgers, presented by F, H. Salwin, Esq. A Hybrid Shoveller, presented by the Hon. Twisleton Fiennes. Four Pine Grosbeaks (Lovia Enucleator), presented by E, P. Thompson, Esq. A Nicobar Pigeon, presented by A. Empson, Esq. Two Bronzed-winged Pigeons, presented by Mrs. Rice. A Pink Spoonbill and three Iguanas, presented by I. John- ston, Esq. A Blue-headed Parrot, presented by Lady Wharncliffe. Four Partridges from the neighbourhood of Tehran, and a Mountain Partridge from Northern Persia, presented by E. W. Bonham, Esq., Her Majesty’s Consul at Tabreez. Two Weaver Birds, presented by Miss Whitfield, A Rose-crested Cockatoo, presented by Gen, Morris. A Rose-crested Cockatoo, presented by N. Campbell, Esq. A Dove, three Mountain Witch Doves, and a White- crowned Pigeon, presented by Mrs. Barclay. A. Pennantian Parrakeet, presented by S. Duncombe, Esq. A Hybrid, between the Ring-necked and Common Turtle- Dove, presented by T. G. Barclay, Esq. _ Three black Orioles, presented by the Hon. Mrs, Singleton. Two Guans, presented by Miss Luckie. Two Rufous-necked Weaver Birds, presented by R. J. Hitch- cock, Esq. A Peregrine Falcon, presented by — Broderick, Esq. One Eider Duck, presented by Capt. Arrow, R.N. Four Eider Ducks, presented by Admiral Bowles., V.P. Two Black-billed Whistling Ducks, presented by Miss Hig- ginson. A Chinese Lory, presented by T. Davies, Esq. A Prince Maximilian’s Maccaw and a Red and Blue Maccaw, presented by C. Bowdler, Esq. 15 A Kolbe’s Vulture, presented by C. W. Hambrough, Esq. A Spider Monkey, a Capuchin ditto, a Brown Coati-Mondi, two Curassows, and two Blue-headed Pigeons, presented by J. Johnston, Esq. A Burmese Pony and a Wanderoo Monkey, presented by Edward Humphry, Esq. Three Woodeocks, presented by John Rogers Wheeler, Esq. An Extensive Collection of Quadrupeds and Birds presented by Lady Rolle, consisting of the following specimens, viz.—- Five Weasel-headed Armadillos, one Rhesus Monkey, two Bonneted Monkeys, two Macaque Monkeys, two Jacchus Monkeys, one Kangaroo Rat, five Lesser American Flying Squirrels, four Gray Squirrels, one Agouti, one Stanley Musk Deer, one Napu Musk Deer, one Rose-crested Cockatoo, one Roseate ditto, one Lesser White-crested ditto, one Lesser Sulphur-crested ditto, one Solstitial Par- rakeet, two Crested Ground ditto, one Vase Ground ditto, one King’s Ground ditto, three Gray-headed ditto, one All- green ditto, one Pennantian ditto, one Bauers ditto, one Buff-fronted ditto, one Gray-breasted ditto, one Alexan- drian ditto, and one, name unknown; one White-fronted Parrot, one Mitred ditto; one Parrakeet Maccaw, three Purple-capped Lories, one Scarlet Ibis, two Purple Galli- nules, one West India ditto, two Guans, four American Robins, one Starling, three Crested-Cardinals, two Red- headed ditto, two Black Orioles, one American Quail, two Chinese ditto, one Nicobar Pigeon, two Partridge Pigeons, one Cora Dove, one Barr’d Dove, two Madagascar Gros- beaks, two Malacca ditto, nine Widah Birds, five Saffron Finches, five Wax-bills, one Amaduvade, five Weaver Birds, one Rufus-necked ditto, two Cut-throat Sparrows, one In- digo Bird, one Java Sparrow, one Bramble Finch, and two _Chaffinches. Donations have also been received from Miss Taylor; Wm. Croft Fish; Aug. Elliot Fuller, M.P.; W. H. Knight; — Holds- worth ; Dr. Buckland; J. Hopkinson; Jos. Thackeray; John Hoffmann ; Mrs. Appleyard; Wm. S. Gillett ; William Sadler; - William Herring; J. Paton; and the Ornithological Society, Mammals exhibited in the Menagerie for the first time. ~ Ursine Colobus. Colobus ursinus, Ogilby. Choras Baboon. Cynocephalus Choras, Ogilby. Thoth Baboon. Cynocephalus Thoth, Ogilby. Spider Monkey. Afeles ? White-handed Lemur. Lemur albimanus, Geoff. Indian Badger or Sand Pig. Arctonyz collaris, F. Cuv. 16 Cuba Bloodhound. Canis familiaris, var. Kolsun. Canis Dukhunensis, Sykes. Sable. Mustela zibellina, Linn. Russian Moose Deer. Cervus Alces, Linn. Ibex. Capra Caucasica, Gild. Bactrian Camel. Camelus Bactrianus, Linn. Hybrid between Common Zebra and Dshikketai. Hybrid between Wild and Common Ass. Birds exhibited for the first time. Honey Buzzard. Pernis apivorus, Cuv. Barred Owl. Strix nebulosa, Forster. Rufous Mocking Bird. Orpheus rufus, Swains. Shore Lark. Alauda alpestris, Linn. Pine Grosbeak. Corythus enucleator, Cuv. Black Oriole. Agelaius niger. Tricoloured Maccaw. Macrocercus tricolor, Vieill. Lemon-crested Cockatoo. Plyctolophus ? Bonham’s Partridge. Perdix Bonhamii, Fraser. Mountain Partridge. Tetraogallus Nigellii, Gray. Lineated Pheasant. Phasianus lineatus, Jard. An apparently new species of Guinea Fowl. American Night Heron. Nycticorax Gardenii, Jard. Pink Spoonbill. Platalea ajaja, Linn. 3. VISITORS. The number of Visitors to the Gardens during the year 1842 was 107,459, of whom 27,026 were privileged, and 80,433 unprivileged, and the money received for admission £4021 13s. Both classes of Visitors exhibit a decrease as compared with the previous year, but the Council cordially join with the Committee of Auditors in hoping that the arrangements now in progress at the Gardens for the recep- tion of the Museum and the better accommodation of the Carnivora, by increasing the attractions will also increase the receipts of the Society in this department. COMMITTEES OF AUDIT, FINANCE AND PUB- LICATION. It only remains for the Council, before closing this Report, to fulfil the pleasing duty of recording their thanks to the Committees of Audit, Finance and Publication, for the zeal, attention and ability with which they have executed the seve- ral important duties confided to their charge during the past year. REPORT OF THE AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS, Appointed January 5, 1843. * Tue Committee of Auditors have carefully examined the Accounts of the Society for the year ending 31st of Decem- ber last, having inspected all the Books and seen Vouchers “for all the payments; and they now beg to lay before the ‘ ‘ociety the following abstract of such Accounts, together with a Statement of the Assets and Liabilities of the Society, and their Report thereon. 18 RECEIPTS. £. Be Balance of Cash brought from 1841 .......2.00-|-e-reeeeseteeer ene eencostwnecese ean PY. 343 2 INCOME. Belonging a ae 1839 Annual Subscriptions ....... Svoccwscrnvensiece acamenees eee 3.0 0 ££. s. d. Annual Subscriptions .....ssesseeeseresere 12 0yeO 1840 Ivory Tickets ....-:ssscsssereeeseererersees ge ee) Transactions ...sescseeeeeecerecsenererees Sebie-6 18 0 6 Admission Fees.....0:..000+++ Poca 6.3. 5 0 0 Annual Subscriptions ........sssseeeersees 169 18 0 1841 Ivory Tickets .....-.-- acecscevescecnsacs wee 13 13 0 Transactions ....--+sese0se sided Ledeutaee 19 0 | Farm Rent ....cscceeseesseeeesreeeeeneees es 15 0 0 [ Proceedings .......+seceseecarsreneerseeeees 0.49" "0 205 9 0 ( Admission Fees ...-..sessscseseereeersrers 145 0 0 Annual Subscriptions .....-+s..ssseeeeseee 4397 13 0 Compositions .......+ss00+ Seeponde salen Reeed 60 0 0 Ivory Tickets .......+..--cecsceseescsvesees 145 16 0 Dividends on Bank Annuities ......... 457 .2 8 Transactions ....eccsereesees aescai setae thes i209 Proceedings ......++-see0« ceseahoocceseseses 16 18 11 18422 Miscellaneous ...s0...sseccoccsssecteaseeces 714 9 Admissions to Gardens ......+.++++000e0. 4021 13 0 Garden Catalogues .......ecsssseeceervens 1216 0 Museum Catalogues ......e+0+++ Sane gy Mesa |, Garden Rent ...isisecceeeesceeeeseeteeeeee| 360 0 0 Garden Sales ........ss0008- SEaredssesy cede PB Ale 0 Farm Rent «......s..556 beaRices cede 2) 250 10 00 Sale of Fixtures ...........06 Se sanneAaonae 11 0,:0 - 9849 7 4 1843 uber Subscriptions (anticipated) . vory Tickets ........ Do. 12 2 0 INCOME IN 1842 ........:ceceeee Roane sunecaehtaen|sedeeswanacess sess 10,087 18 10 | 16,087 18 1 £10,431 1 6 PAYMENTS. : General Gardens. Museum. Estabt. EXPENDITURE. Le (SSE E ew di pear 841 BRGHE sscccccsvssnccsccccssese] | 04 lo 31 17 11)...... Aa ees Mt GNI (asses Hose doeesesn+s0is:|esadaniacaseden 33.18 3 & 34.13 0 65 16 5| 1239 7 93 8 259 11 Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c....| 30 0 0 Salaries and Wages....ssses| ceseerereeeees Keepers’ Dresses.........se.[esseresseeesees Keepers’ Travelling Tet penses Cost of Animals ..........s.[eseeesceseeeees 2 6 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 6 4}. PEFAMSACHIONS 5 ...cececsscvecisevccencccccces|sccsescecs Returned Subscriptions ...|.-+..sesseseee|e =’ account of the sua SRS en ered oar ee ENDITURE IN 1842...... 7581 3 3| 582-3 811493 for £500 Exchequer Bills .........sssseseeeeee ededeshaamcndbhcberes csetea st Re paasasenss deepl ene Lae in hand December 31, 1842 .......+.++ Pcecaccre Saree ce crage canny Se svesesee.| 185 15 10 £10,431 1 20 were as follow: ASSETS. a Living and orale Invested in . Preserved ; So Consolidated eee Cash. Collections. Previous Garrent ‘ 3 per Cents. 3 P | Years. Year. a | ES Nie aS Oy LE SE ERE, 2 RY ce £. s. dik. 5s. OM Cash at Banker’s...|......00008 4 EDS Fe eee PMerrecwcteclercscecesellcs dacs ccocecsleecr eee 185 15 10f £6913 19s. 5d. | Consolidated 3 + |.......5... saaleenenn aie Satcal cupsisaa scab deaeniess as attee en wiadeaeddl: OT eaead if per Cents...... £7972 5s. 11d. Reduced 3 per P'lesdvcccssucness|sson seccceccaelcoerecteseselsccsecsorses|sescescersssees] (200 2 5 Cents.....s00005 £360 2s. 10d. Consolidated : @ per Cents, © pleso.:-coeseannn|eaeces sensse css secveercresslscsesecesees| O29 3 10 Museum Fund Account ...... eters Levu shedccaxilecescne Uh coe ya tess i DOLE ad Mildcacericrcecs panalSubsers)- |) 27 Real Boe 0, GeO 00 TIONS 2. ccccucn 2 Transactions ......|... ues Bakaese|sccubescs eee...| 10 16 6 Proceedings.........|..+« Sb avabeo vob) satevereder ss --| 4.10 BMTMVCNL «sevaccss|asssecs seme ues seureas Reanas 15, 050 Garden Stock sty np SRR c rR Resc. ssn 417 0) 16 36 RODcacpawe wed aR Uncertain. LIABILITIES. Bills, &c. unpaid, estimated at— NAY MOMIMMEGATHETIS wise bh $0 0 0 Ivory Tickets ........+. eesah es daueecorai on 129 2 0 Transactions .....seeeccecsseeeeeeneeeer Lo LOG aay ProceedingS ..-...seseesseserecseeaeeenceeres 13 14 0 1844 Dividends on Bank Annuities, &. ....| 327 17.76 Miscellaneous ........seeeeseeeee ceecktranes 310 0 Admissions to Gardens ....++... sbaeeaaies 3905 2 0 Garden Guides .....- Le oclic docensSeaasesuce 19 13 0 Museum Catalogues ...--++++0s ree aaa 612 0 Farm Rent .....+.++ Ricepasaneacasm week ces 30 0.0 Garden Rent....cccee ceecseceecsrseteceeee 250 0 0 [ Garden Sales ....s:sscseseeeeeserseersseees 33 19 0 ——— 8444 7 1 1845 Annual Subscriptions .......ssseseeeeeeees 12 0 0 Ivory Tickets ......seseeeeees Vecsesvedeeess 2 2 0 ——S 14, 2050 INCOME IN 1844 ..escs.csccocsssescseeees sacjucegleessesneossececves|. | 5638,12) 50 |eu@aaumme Proceeds of Sale of £3000, 3 per Cents....sesses|eereerereerrees svs[eacvaocevnvocasesat ya] nmlea (Mamma £11,997 19 PAYMENTS. Farm. Gardens. Museum, ceneral Total. EXPENDITURE. a) longing OU esd ae sala! £.. egal Ss se eee ee year 4 43{ Bae Rt da taneen s+] 3214 0] 17718 7) 22 6 3] 50 0 O| 282 18 10 B Bills sessesseeseeseeeeseevees|scssensesseesss| 1356 1 9) 750 2 8| 315 9 O| 2491 138 5 32 14 0) 1534 0 4| 772 8 11] 365 9 0} 2704 12 83 Rent, Rates, &c. ..........., 30 0 0] 191 0 9 27 19 8.158 2 6 Salaries and Wages.........|.. sab ilesDadeat 1513 17 3) 356 7 3) 564 0 0 ____| Keepers’ Dresses....... saeea|seais Ryeewon ete al) 52) 65 . | mecrers’ Travelling el ceateed savecnes 6 4 0 EASESie ctdesos ondehasas= | Cost of Animals ...sec.ecseeferreersersseeee] 660 8 6 | Carriage of Animals ......|......... tesee 61 7 10 Provisions ......essseeeeee HE onthe ee: 1891 7 8 Menagerie Expenses ......|--..... soseeeee| 306 12 2 Garden Expenses .........[eeeseeseceees --| 548 17 6 Promenade Expenses ......|.--.eseesee0e0.| 5615 6 PORES WC. sec sceecacovcrs|amens ose suesie 624 3 5) 216 4 3 Carriage of Subjects ......J.c00.sseseeeeee| eeeeecscreeaees 611 1 Cost of Preparations ...... vias its dees Feel dvewecnteberere(hooenlO)” 5 MOM AUV Ls oe Sets aleve sewand saztlar> has 4 wg) «9 356) 12 lean. .. 447 CG In 1846. . . 284 16 This decrease is the more satisfactory, inasmuch as it arises, very much, from the different treatment of the animals, for whose warmth, and, as was then supposed, better health, a much larger consumption of coals was considered necessary than at present. wep AR 23 Garden Expenses. A similar comparison of the “Garden Expenses” in each of the last four years shows a gradual decrease of ex- pense in each year; the sums expended having been as follow, viz. :— © sd. in 1843. . . 585 11 9 In 1844... 54817 6 In 1845 .. . 52116 O mn1846 . .. 495 1 6 the decrease last year, as compared with 1845, being £26 14s. 6d. Although small in amount, this decrease is important as being occasioned by a reduction in the Con- tract for keeping the Gardens in order, to the amount of £140 per annum. Upon this point your Committee ven- ture to express to the Council and to the Society, the strong doubts which they entertain of the expediency of any such further reductions of expenditure under this head as might lead to a material diminution of attraction in respect to the beauty of the Gardens ; your Committee having had reason’ to know, that the Gardens and Shrubs, and Parterres of choice and beautiful flowers, have of themselves formed a very great source of attraction and enjoyment, not only to the Fellows and their friends, but also to the Public, and they would certainly view with regret the loss of that attrac- __ tion, which they cannot but consider would be prejudicial ____ to the interests and prosperity of the Society. Cost of Preparations. ‘ The Cost of Preparations in each of the last four years has been as follows, viz. :— : Le Geese EM We RR Ae bs ey In 1844... . 32210 5 In 1840 3a es: 80 TL) 9 Inis46... 50 7 1 __ A comparison of these sums shows a very satisfactory re- _ sult, and the heavy expense of preparing the various speci- __ mens belonging to the Society for the Museum having now been incurred, the Auditors consider that the Society may calculate upon a very moderate call upon their income for _ the future under this head. 24 House and Office Expenses. There is a further small reduction in the House and Office Expenses of £22 3s. 10d. Against these reductions must be placed increases of expenditure under the head of “ Promenade Expenses ” to the amount of £120 5s. 7d., and “ Works and Repairs,” £882 12s. 6d. Promenades. To the first of these increases the particular attention of the Auditors has been drawn, inasmuch as there appears to have been a considerable annual progressive increase since the first experiment of the Promenades was tried, the expense having been as follows, viz.:— Bais; Sig In 1844 ... 5615 6 Invls45 oof aoe els aha Th846% 2.1 28 29n833 01726 the latter amount certainly appearing to be large. It must not however be forgotten that this expenditure was almost entirely reimbursed by the sums received for “ Admissions to the Promenades,” which amounted to £326 8s. 6d., leaving a deficit of only £7 9s. The Auditors, however, are fully impressed with the conviction that these Pro- menades are beneficial to the interests of the Society, and are calculated not only permanently to retain the present Members, but to induce new Members to join the Society, and the Auditors feel that the expenses necessary to their being effectively carried out must be left entirely to the judgement and able management of the Council. Works and Repairs. The Auditors have not failed to investigate the large expenditure which has been incurred under the head of * Works and Repairs,” and it has been satisfactory to them to find that the principal items of that expenditure have not only been of an essentially useful nature, but are such as will not occur again. They are as follows, viz. :— £ 3s. a. Drainpcenisi dead te: 0) aria ks SIRT EN® Dromedary House and Yard . . 102 1 5 Cages for small Quadrupeds . . 13912 1 New: Water Closets. . ..vi0%0'/) “69 1/5 25 The Carnivora Dens and other Buildings throughout the Gardens were also painted at a cost of £117 5s. 7d.; this expense, so essential to the preservation of the Build- ings, will not again be necessary for some years. LIABILITIES. The Liabilities of the Society are estimated at £2150, their amount at the close of the year 1845 having been £1798; there is consequently an increase of £352, a result which is at once explained in a manifold degree by the above extraordinary though necessary expenses, as well as by the decrease in the Receipts. The Balance of Cash in the Banker’s handsis £231 16s. 4d. ASSETS. The Assets of the Society are as follows, viz. :— Sige Froese Cash at the Banker’s . . . 23116 4 Three per Cents . .. + 7671-4, 7 £7903 O11 ConcLUSION. -Your Committee have now fulfilled to the best of their ability the important duty which has been confided to them, ‘and although they regret that they cannot congratulate the Council and the Society upon the prosperous state of its __ affairs at the close of the year 1846, they nevertheless desire it to be distinctly understood that they see no cause what- ever for despondency; on the contrary, bearing in mind the very considerable reduction of expenditure which has been effected under the able control and management of _ the Council, and feeling as they do that there is no Institu- _ tion in this great Metropolis which affords a greater degree of intellectual enjoyment, in the contemplation of many of : = the most beautiful as well as most wonderful works of the creation, the Auditors entertain the firm conviction, that if active and energetic measures are taken for affording greater facilities to the Public of participating in that enjoyment, and for keeping constantly before the eyes of the Public, not only in London but throughout the kingdom, the col- _ lection of Quadrupeds, Birds and Reptiles which has been 26 brought together at the Gardens from all parts of the World, with every addition of interest which may from time to time be made to it—and if the privileges of the Members be at the same time facilitated—the Society will rapidly re- cover its ground and be again restored to its former grati- fying and prosperous position; a position which it must be remembered it has only partially lost, not from any actual diminution of attraction in the interesting objects comprised in the collections of the Society, but rather from the effect of other Scientific Societies which have been established, and which have deservedly engrossed a very large share of the estimation and patronage of the Public. This circumstance alone renders increased energy of action on the part of the Council, and of every Fellow of the Society, the more imperative ; and it will indeed be gratifying to your | Committee, should it be in the power of their successors next year to offer their congratulations to the Council upon the success of the measures which may now be adopted, for the advancement of the interests and the increase of the Finances of the Society. The Auditors cannot close their Report without acknow- ledging the very great attention which they have received from the Assistant Secretary, Mr. Bompas, throughout their investigations ; and at the same time recording their testimony and approbation of the correct and admirable manner in which the various Accounts and Books have been kept by Mr. Leigh, the zealous and efficient Ac- countant of the Society. T. CHARLES HARRISON, WILLIAM ORR. CHARLES BELL. G. H. PINCKARD. N. HUSON. GEORGE PITT. BENJAMIN SMITH, 11 Hanover Square, March 15, 1847. Printed by Richard and John E, Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. PRESETED 2 4 APR. 1903 : * REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 29, 1848, LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, KED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1848. -YTAIOO2 TAOIDOIO ais ee AOwHOL a0" 6 Fal 6 oth -> . ae pi 9 eee dis ’ (FOO ALOE ROLLE 3 3 VHOL ada QdANODI- TR cry’ . Tag are bis cet ie ats “ota a REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. _ In conformity with the regulations of the Charter, the Council beg to present their Nineteenth Annual Report upon the affairs of the Society, and the principal events which have occurred since the last Anniversary in the various departments of their administration. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. MEMBERS. a. Fellows and Annual Subscribers. At the Monthly General Meeting held on the 2nd of De- cember, 1847, a Bye-law was passed (standing as Chap. IV. sections 1-5) which constituted a new class of Members with a smaller extent of privileges, and exempt from the Entrance Fee, under the name of Annual Subscribers. The number of Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual Subscribers, at the present time amounts to 1819, of which the following is a summary :— Have Compounded, paying £20 . . 327 Ditto ditto £30 .°. 138 Pay annual contributions of £2 . . 667 Ditto ditto ES irogi | pine e Annual Subscribers F 4 Ate GOBMARE) 5. hodoas:h 15 the Naturalist, and still more by the Artist, from healthy living specimens. _ The whole number of Animals now in the possession of the Society is 1086, of which 359 are Mammalia, 714 Birds, and 13 Reptiles. The whole number of Animals which have been exhi- bited by the Society from 1828 to the present time appears to have been about 7500. Donations. The Council have great pleasure in reporting, that since the last Anniversary they have had to acknowledge gifts to the Menagerie from Her Masesty THE QUEEN. A Tapir, and a Jaguar. His Masesty THe Emperor or Russia. Male and Female Aurochs. The Earl of Derby, K.G.., etc. etc., President. A Liama, a Nylghau, Two Hog Deer, Two Muntjac Deer, Two Musk Rats, Five Cape Rats, One Rat-Kangaroo, Two Cashmere Goats, a Chinese Dog, a Square-spotted Gennet, a Toucan (Rhamphastos toco), Two Curassows, Two Francolins, Eleven Passenger Pigeons, Twelve Senegal Pigeons, Two Summer Ducks, and a Snake (Coluber canus). Capt. Gooch, R.N. A Drill Baboon. D. Holmes; Esq. A Bonneted Monkey. Henry Villebois, Esq., F.Z.8. Three Red Deer. Lord Rodney. A Rein-Deer and Two Common Buzzards. Sir Robert Heron, Bart., F.Z.S. A Male Liama, a Hog Deer, and a ‘ Musk Rat. Sir Everard Home, Bart., F.Z.S. Three Badgers. 16 Viscount Hamilton, F.Z.S. A Guinea Baboon, Lord Panmure, F.Z.S. A Benneti’s Kangaroo. Mrs. Benfield. A Wanderoo Monkey and a Raccoon. Wn. Curling, Esq. 4 Brown Bear. John King, Esq. An Anubis Baboon. Miss Jones Loyd. 4 Brazilian Deer. Charles Whiteford, Esq. A Kebset or African Sheep. D. E. Cater, Esq. A Mauge’s Opossum. Sir Henry Hunloke, Bart., F.Z.S. A Jackal. Capt. Horsburgh. A Vervet Monkey. Geo. T. Nicholson, Esq., F.Z.S. A Jerboa. E. Baker, Esq. A Bonneted Monkey. Thomas Dyer, Esq. Two Bonneted Monkeys. — Hitchcock, Esq. A Bonneted Monkey. Mrs. Willoughby. 4A Bonneted Monkey. W. Gleadow, Esq. A Bonneted Monkey. Mrs. Johnson. A Macaque Monkey. Mrs. Harris. A Grey Capuchin Monkey. Mrs. Thurnall. 4 Brown Capuchin Monkey. Rev. E. B. Scott. A Rhesus Monkey. J. De Pass, Esq. A Rhesus Monkey and a Vervet Monkey. Major Longworth. A Rhesus Monkey. — Moore, Esq. A Macaque Monkey. L. Bensusan, Esq. A Black-backed Jackal. Geo. Barnley, Esq. Two Musk Rats. Capt. Hope, R.N. A Coypu Rat. Thos. Alexander, Esq., F.Z.S. An Australian Dog. W. Jenkins, Esq. A Chinese Dog. The Dowager Lady Templemore. A Parrot (Psittacus Guildingit). W. Gore Ouseley, Esq. A Kiny Vulture: Three Curassows. H. J. Garratt, Esq., F.Z.S. A King Vulture. 17 Capt. Martin, R.N. A King Vulture. Rev. Thomas Thurlow, F.Z.S. A Golden Eagle. Edward Humphry, Esq. A Golden Eagle, a Cinereous Eagle, and a Chameleon. W. Sewell, Esq. Two Black Storks. Mr. Jamrach. An American Stork & a Common Heron. Mrs. Foord Hilton. Two Silver Pheasants. Colonel Hawker. Two Kestril Falcons. — Sabine, Esq. A Great-eared Owl. Thomas Edmonstone, Esq. Two Skua Gulls. Mrs. Thomas Bell. Two Nutmeg Birds. F. Plomley, Esq., M.D. A Gannet. Mrs. Barrs. A Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. Wn. S. Gillett, Esq., F.Z.S. Three Muscovy Ducks. W. L. Lowndes, Esq. Three Barred Turtle Doves from Au- straha. J. Nickols, Esq. Two specimens of Proteus anguinus. Donations have also been received from H. Doubleday, Esq., Wm. Hunt, Esq., E. Thompson, Esq., Mrs. Morgan, Mrs. Dixon, Mrs. Gutch, Capt. Price, R.N., E. N. Hurt, Esq., F.Z.S., F.C. Fitton, Esq., Mrs. Dean, Mrs. Stringer, and N. Symons, Esq. List oF SPECIES EXHIBITED FOR THE First TIME IN THE MENAGERIE. MAMMALIA. QuADRUMANA. Pluto Monkey. Cercopithecus Pluto, Gray, nu. sp. _ Ouakari. Brachyurus Ouakari, Spix. Pinche Marmoset. Jacchus Gidipus, Desm. Galago. Galago crassicaudata ? 18 CARNIVORA. Agouara. Procyon cancrivorus, Il. Brown African Ichneumon. Herpestes paludosus, Cuv. Azara’s Fox. Canis Azare, Pr. Max. Indian Wolf. Canis pallipes, Sykes. RuMINANTIA. Aurochs. Bos urus, Bodd. Brocket Deer, n. sp. Cervus ? Red Brocket, 9. Cervus rufus, F. Cuv. RopDENTIA. Tree Porcupine. Cercolabes nove-hispame (Briss.). Moco-Cavy. Cavia rupestris, Pr. Max. Cape Rat. Gerbillus montanus ? MARSUPIATA. Red-necked Kangaroo. Halmaturus elegans (Lamb.). BIRDS. RAPTORES. Imperial Eagle. Aquila mogilnik, Gm. Guiana Harpy. Morphnus guianensis, Cuv.? Jean le Blanc. Circaétus gallicus, Gm. Indian Eagle. Haliaetus (Cuncuma) Macei, Cuv. North American Buzzard. Buteo borealis (Gm.). Iceland Falcon. Falco islandicus, Hane. INSESSORES. Northern Shrike. Lanius borealis, Vieill. Regent Bird. Sericulus mellinus (Lath.). Hunting Crow. Cissa sinensis, Bodd. Spanish Sparrow. Pyrgita hispaniolensis, Cuv. Soulcie. Fringilla petronia, Linn. Algerine Chaffinch. Fringilla modesta. Mealy Redpole. Cannabina canescens (Gould). Italian Starling. Sturnus unicolor, Marm. Purple Finch, ¢. Carpodacus purpureus, Gm. Blue Bird. Siala Wilsoni, Sw. 19 SCANSORES. Lorikeet. Hos ? Ruby-fronted Love Bird. Psittacula rubrifrons, Vig. West African Parrot, n. sp. Psittacus Riippellii. ———_— ——. Licmetis tenuirostris, Wag]. Bauer’s Platycercus. Platycercus Baueri, Vig. & Horsf. —_—— Platycercus semitorquatus, Quoy et Gaim. Platycercus flaviventris (Temm.). Barnard’s Platycercus. Platycercus Barnardi, Vig. & Horsf. —_—_—_—-—___————.. Platycercus (Psephotus) hema- —_—___—___-——_——.. Plutycercus (Psephotus) hema- togaster, Gould. Turcosine Grass-Parrakeet. Euphema pulchella (Shaw), Grass-Parrakeet. Huphema elegans, Gould. CoLuMBz. Crested Pigeon. Ocyphaps lophotes (Temm.). Australian Barred Dove. Geopelia tranquilla, Gould. Brush Bronze-Wing. Phaps elegans (Temm.). RASORES. Small Razor-billed Curassow. Pauaxi tomentosa (Spix). Guan. Ortalida jacupemba (Spix). Penelope. Penelope superciliaris, Illig. Penelope. Penelope pileata, Licht. Hybrid Guinea Fowl. Numida ? Clapperton’s Francolin. Francolinus Clappertoni, Gray. GRALLATORES. Great Bustard. Ofis tarda, Linn. Houbara. Otis houbara, Linn. Australian Plover. Sarciophorus pectoralis, Gould. Kuropean Crane. Grus cinerea, Bechst. Hooping Crane. Grus americana, Briss. American Stork. Ciconia maguari (Lath.). Baillon’s Crake. Crex pygmea, Naum. NATATORES. Skua Gull. Lestris catarrhactes (Linn.). 20 REPTILES. Lizard. Lacerta ocellata, Daud. Teguexin. Teius nigropunctatus (Spix). South African Snake. Coluber canus. VISITORS. The number of Visitors to the Gardens in 1847, exclu- sive of the Promenade-days, was 88,582; of these 23,783 were privileged, and 64,799 unprivileged. The money received for admission was £3239 19s. The number of Visitors to the four Promenades was 4964, of which 3278 were privileged, and 1686 unprivi- leged. The money received for the sale of Tickets was £286 lls. 6d. The total number of Visitors therefore in 1847 was 93,546. But the Council have the satisfaction of stating in con- clusion that, notwithstanding the extremely unfavourable state of the weather for some time past, the number of Visitors during the present year presents an increase of 997 over the corresponding period of 1847, and that be- tween October and December of last year there was an increase of 2253 above the corresponding period of the year preceding. Committees of Audit, Finance, and Publication. The Council have once more the pleasing duty of re- cording their thanks to the Committees of Audit, Finance, and Publication, for their valuable services in discharging the important business of their several departments. REPORT OF THE AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS, Appointed January 6, 1848. _ Tue Committee of Auditors having carefully examined the _ Accounts of the Society for the Year ending December 31, _ 1847, and having inspected all the Books and seen Vouchers for all the Payments,—now beg to lay before the Society the following Abstract of such Accounts, together with a State- _ ment of the Assets and Liabilities of the Society, and a 4 Report thereon. RECEIPTS. pe Balance of Cash brought from Dec. 31, 1846..)....00......cesees|essccececeeeecsserens 231 16 INCOME. Belongin reed £. arid, £: &. d. isat{ Admission Fees ....... coset errr eee 5 0 0 Annual Subscriptions ...............+0+6 . pp. 0 10 10 0 0 1845: MAN THaL SupseripriOng).acnwssc 101 At the last Anniversary the Council had the pleasure of presenting a list of sixty-three species exhibited for the first time in the season 1847-1848, and they then expressed their hope and desire to make an equal advance during the year which terminates this day, although every succeeding period renders the acquisition of novelties more and more difficult of realization. The following are the ANIMALS EXHIBITED FOR THE First Time 1n 1848-1849. MAMMALTA. QuADRUMANA. it Potto. Perodicticus Geoffroyi, Benn. 16 CARNIVORA. ; Ocelot. Felis mitis, F. Cuv. Puma, white var. Felis concolor, Linn. Brazilian Fox. Canis cancrivorus? African Fox. Canis ———? Javanese Ichneumon. Herpestes auropunctatus, Hodgs. RUMINANTIA. Cora Gazelle. Antilope (Gazella) Cora, H. Smith. Californian Deer,?. Cervus ? PACHYDERMATA. Indian Wild Hog. Sus indicus, Gray. RoDENTIA. Javanese Squirrel. Sciurus javanicus? South American Squirrel. Sciurus ? Javanese Porcupine. Hystrix javanica, F. Cuv. MaRsuPliATA. Tree Kangaroo. Dendrolagus inustus, Miller. BIRDS. RAPTORES. Australian Sea-Eagle. Ichthyaétus leucogaster, Gould. Himalayan Eagle. Circaétus cheela, Daud. Australian Peregrine. Falco melanogenys, Gould. South American Buzzard. Buteo ? Indian Horned Owl. Bubo coromander, Lath. INSESSORES. Van-Diemen’s-Land Podargus. Podargus Cuvieri, Gould. Cole Tit. Parus ater, Linn. Diamond Finch. Amadina Lathami (Vig. & Horsf.). Yellow-rumped Cassican. Cacicus persicus (Linn.). Golden Weaver. Hyphantornis aurifrons (Temm.). Swainson’s Sparrow. Passer simplex, Sw. Bower Bird. Pitilonorhynchus holosericeus, Gould. Boat-tail. Quiscalus niger, Linn. LY SCANSORES, Blue Mountain Lory. Trichoglossus hematodus (Linn.). Blue and Red Lory. os indica (Gm.). Parrot Maccaw. Conurus titira (Gm.). Carolina Parrot. Conurus carolinensis (Linn.). | New Zealand Ground Parrot. Platycercus nove see- landie (Sparrm.). - Platycercus auriceps Kuhl. : CoLuMBz. Chinese Fruit Pigeon. Ptilinopus melanocephalus (Penn.). White-shouldered' Pigeon. Chalcophaps chrysochlora (Wagl.). , Timor Ground Dove. Geopelia striata (Linn.). Australian Ground Dove. Geopelia humeralis (Temm.). —. Geopelia cuneata (Lath.). Garnet Winged Pigeon. Peristera erythroptera (Lath.). Partridge Bronzewing. Geophaps scripta, Temm. Harlequin Bronzewing. Geophaps histrionica, Gould. RASORES. Maleo. Megacephalon Maleo, Temm. Australian Brush Turkey. Talegalla Lathami, Less. Guan. Ortalida leucogaster, Gould. Monaul. Lophophorus impeyanus (Lath.). Jungle Cock. Gallus eneus, Temm. _GRALLATORES. Australian Crane. Grus australasianus, Gould. Brazilian Egret. Herodias flavirostris (Wagl.). Curlew. Numenius arquata (Linn.). REPTILES. Commoody Snake. Herpetodryas carinatus, Schlegel. Puff Adder. Vipera arietans. Egyptian Snake. Coluber hippocrepis. African Python. Python Seba. Dum. et Bibr. B 18 Ceylonese Python. Python reticulatus, Gray. Aboma. Epicrates cenchris, Wagl. Viperine Snake. Coluber viperinus, Latr. Aldrovand’s Lizard. Plestiodon Aldrovandi, Dum. et Bibr. The Lisse. Zacholus austriacus, Wag. In addition to these absolute novelties several rare species have been replaced, which have long been desiderata to the collection. . DonATIONS TO THE MENAGERIE. In reporting the following list of Donations received into the Menagerie, the Council cannot fail to inform the Society that it does not include all the Donations pre- sented since the last Anniversary. His Highness the late Viceroy of Egypt transmitted information through the Hon. C. A. Murray, in August last, that the collectors whom he had despatched into Nubia had succeeded in bringing to Cairo a male and female Giraffe, which his aide-de-camp Col. Bonfort then held at the disposition of the Society, together with a pair of Ostriches, a pair of Antelopes, and a pair of Camels. As Col. Bonfort was authorized to take charge of these animals at Cairo until the proper period arrived for their transmission to Europe, it was considered by the Council to be most advisable that they should not be moved until the winter had passed: and a keeper has now been despatched to place himself under the orders of the Hon. C. A. Murray, H.M. Consul General, in arranging their transport. This magnificent gift of the late Viceroy, for which the Society is mainly indebted to the influence of Mr. Murray, will be accom- panied by a Lion presented by himself. The Council feel that it is also due to the Hon. John Thomason, Deputy-Governor of the North-West Provinces of Bengal, to advert in this place to his gift of a Thibetan Wild Ass, Equus polyodon, Hodgs., which was purchased by him at Almorah, transmitted to Calcutta, and shipped at his ex- pense for the Society; although unfortunately it did not . 19 survive the voyage. The extreme difficulty of procuring another Jiving example of this rare animal, renders the loss of Mr. Thomason’s gift particularly to be regretted. The Society are likewise indebted to J. W. Hadow, Esq., of the H.E.1.C. Civil Service in Bombay, for the valuable gift of a male and female Tiger, which he caused to be shipped at his own expense in June last. These animals were, however, lost on the voyage, and his desire to add to the Collection was consequently frustrated. There is, how- ever, great ground for hope that the efforts of these gentle- men will not entirely cease in consequence of the failure of their munificent intentions in the first instance. The Council have especial pleasure in reporting to the Society that his Excellency the Count Kisselef, Minister of the Imperial Domains of Russia, has communicated to Sir Roderick Murchison his anxious desire to obtain the high authority of His Majesty the Emperor for the trans- mission of another Aurochs for the purpose of replacing that most valuable and important vift, the loss of which is the most unfortunate and otherwise irreparable misfortune of the year. Donations presented to the Menagerie. The Earl of Derby, K.G. etc., President. A Jaguar, Two, Harnessed Antelopes, Three Demerara Sheep, a Jungle Cock, Twenty-four Senegal Pigeons, and Hight Passenger Pigeons. Viscount Canning. Three Marabou Storks. Sir Robert Heron, Bart., F.Z.S. : A Roe-Buck and Four Brazilian Ducks. Colonel Butterworth, Governor of Singapore. A Black Leopard and a Tree-Kangaroo. John Rice Crowe, Esq., H.M. Consul-General at Christiania. A Fox from Norway. Lieut. Harpin. — A Guinea Baboon. A. S. Etheridge, Esq. Two Wanderoo Monkeys. B2 20 — Levin, Esq. A Pig-tailed Monkey. Theodore F. Pinto, Esq., F.Z.S. > A Leopard. Capt. Scanlan. A Viverrine Tiger Cat. J. H. Galton, Esq. A Grivet Monkey. W.L. Gower, Esq. A Macaque Monkey. Vernon Wollaston, Esq. A Kinkajou. Dr. Batchelour. A Coati Mondi. — Eagleton, Esq. A Brown Coati Mondi. Lieut. Jones, R.N. A Deer and Two Condors. J. Merriman, Esq. A Sooty Monkey. C. A. Wheeler, Esq. d Racoon. James Molison, Esq. Two Crab-eating Opossums and Two Oronoco. Geese. Miss Steptoe. A Maugé’s Opossum. John Morse, Esq. 4 Gazelle. Alex. Dunn, Esq. 4 Brown Coati Mondi. Henry Bailey, Esq. A Persian Cat. Geo. F. Dickson, Esq., F.Z.S. A Cariama. Lieut. Bourchier, Bengal Artillery. A Cashmere Goat. J. W. Audubon, Esq. A Musk Rat. Capt. Robertson. An Esquimaux Dog. Admiral Sir Geo. Seymour, G.C.H. A Condor Vulture and Three Chilian Eagles. Dr. Kennedy. A Crowned Pigeon. John M. Clabon, Esq., F.Z.S. Five Amaduvades, Four Grey-headed Grosbeaks, Four Nutmeg Birds, Three Java Sparrows, One Waxbill. Mrs. Hughes. A Red and Blue Maccaw. — Beardmore, Esq.A Rose-crested Cockatoo. Mrs. Stewart. An Amber-crested Cockatoo. Mrs. Macbean. An Amazonian Parrot. 21 William Tringham, Esq. Two Japan Pea Fowl. F. Hay, Esq. A White-headed Sea-Eagle. Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, F.Z.S. Two Cochin-China Fowls. Thomas Aspinwall, Esq. An Australian Sea-Eagle. R. J. Bourchier, Esq. and Capt. H. M. Drummond, Cor- responding Members. Two Purple Gallinules. Hon. Mrs. Macaulay. Two Guinea Fowl. Dr. Acland. A young Emu. Chas. G. Webber, Esq., F.Z.S. A Golden Eagle. F. Hay, Esq. A White-headed Sea-Eagle. H. N. Turner, Esq. 4 Black-backed Gull. Thomas Edmonstone, Esq. A Skua Gull. J. Henty, Esq. A Piping Crow. Capt.Swinburne. Two Canada Geese. Mrs. Ireland. A Kestril Falcon. J.W. Bridges, Esq. .4 Double-headed Snake. J.N. Livesay, Esq. A Boa. Constrictor. Capt. M‘Luckie. 4 Ratile-Snake with Nineteen Young, and a Commoody Snake from Berbice. Dr. Gardner. A Lemur (Perodicticus Geoffroyi). J. Selfe, Esq. An Entellus Monkey and a Wedge-iailed Eagle. Capt. Hallowes, R.N. Two Green Monkeys. William Fitchew, Esq. An Entellus Monkey. T. S. Gawthorne, Esq. A Young Brown Bear. Mrs. Martin Stevenson. A pair of Pumas. Thomas Boileau, Esq. Two Wild Boars and an Owl. 22 William Cotton, Esq., F.Z.S. A Macaque Monkey. Capt. Hope Charteris, 45th Reg. Bengal Native Infantry. A Rhesus Monkey. William Hoof, Esq. An American Fallow Deer. P. Aplin, Esq., 28th Reg. Two Rhesus Monkeys. G. Knight, Esq. -A Rhesus Monkey. Capt. Baumgartner, 28th Reg. Al Vervet Monkey and a White-throated Monkey. Miss Wilson. A Macaque Monkey. Donations to the Menagerie have also been received from F. Morton, Esq., J. Poingdestre, Esq., W. Hind, Esq., G. Holmes, Esq., Thos. Daly, Esq., Mrs. Gray, Mrs. Hill, Mr. Ellis, Mr. Jamrach, Mr, Herring, Mr. Tucker, Mr. Ebborn, Mr. Tidd, &c. VISITORS. The number of Visitors to the Gardens in 1848, exclu- sive of the Promenades, was 140,694 ; of these 24,686 were privileged, and 116,608 unprivileged. The money received for Admission was £4040. 3s. 6d. The number of Visitors to the three Promenades was 2936; of whom 1762 were privileged, and 1174 unpri- vileged; and the sum received for the sale of Tickets was £167. 58. 6d. The total number of Visitors throughout the year was therefore 143,630 (of whom upwards of 60,000 were ad- mitted on Mondays during the last nine months) ; being an increase in the number of Visitors, as compared with 1847, of 50,084, and in the sum paid for Admission of £680. 18s. 6d. _ “ The number of Artists and’Students in Art who have availed themselves of the opportunities of improvement afforded in the Menagerie, has increased to a considerable extent during the year which has passed, and the Society a lice ate eee 23 _. have received the thanks of the Royal Academy and of the Committee of Management of the Government School of Design for the facilities which the Council have willingly accorded to the Pupils in both Institutions. The Council have been anxious, in making this their Annual Report, to give as much information as possible concerning the actual state and prospects of the Society, and they trust that notwithstanding the diminution in some branches of the Income, they may indulge a hope that by the measures recently adopted and the success which has hitherto attended them—especially by the in- creased interest evinced by the number of Visitors to the Garden—the Society will advance in prosperity, and be enabled in future years to afford additional resources for information and amusement both to the Fellows and to the Public. "aR ‘i bs >) Maso. ian pyre sift to en ori}. : P2W foorlot Inoicrerereaty ode tay sto ostiiay BE eceoscee mbit st cl a , arg 0 a a fonnot) fhm Bien, bp sige: temas af Hasion ad? geureaeme 7% jarit incon, gael Bge”)2 e odd Yo esdpnard Omi 7S Sis asrciansiis tl, chal ‘ sbsbasbs onadtid and daily ~ iva testo: bsanem. Yrs. Lilia Hy sie ery : barker Piss e ne ; reg a a 4 : ' ee a c Par Ma etet 2 « Mh ss ‘lee ake . ce RTOS ie ‘ poet eae zien eer ot Vikiaes bot, nis a hi: DS eth: i Rinmie aft Protpetadsn, ein DRUMS s OE Cap ogi baer seit i pik ae Eg Sy pine ween ae Vai 5 ‘ees bi ie Fauci. Sed ARS Ri Unet esti ert cad Lees, dy Pie three: Pins ee ae mi ORGS ah” gf oe PAS A He ah 7 Sse ry Seo a3 p ‘ a vr nae mn} Sloudess aaa utp tbe tet TMS PR 3 fi ; at evteam, ha The aga fe yet ra, ke cobpered Ae af pa “~ ss ; : a NORD pe OE. GOOF Ay AE, 5 Hee. 1 iw Sts tana: pail P << uhe,, Las, ba. Org, alee j twyPoas ~ -) t « f Tthe aviah oh od Jat an OSiordaubs ih ALS ee Sunprans Spr teei hess tata ie ree: tains apne aaah a} ; x ate dase orth ] oo. 8 gh ert b sates odes hin poe hoct Bie : & J). Oe. wre: ‘ . - yeegeesd : t "i p Bs hig ord sabhel bee ~anol “stirred afk ear yars re. eateh snyiein)- 943 of Peis oiRR.. pl DP DR Geers dremey as « Rede aus argyHi, usap@eate : ers 8 = s tad lah a re ss alli Ge aha any - ” “ % oo. ae Pee Cigpiaiaeccteman mt > RE, ei atertegti: eaices By ‘Aapedse sierulh-staqosi ‘stort aphid if Soiicreye? om wast ia? tinitioSie ional » CANIne SONS odds: as Fei icv $08 id 45 "i guiog ak mreiltgd © re \ 7 ge “y , ae oan : ies ae ar ALO “pane abe eo ey ee m "3 car LUO Fa LOX =A Geer ty i ty ADDO I bse dict woe snd } ¥5 MA: TALEO. OH A Yi 1a. eal i. ett iO MALU i. E1009 yaad YW ‘TaROUTe: VEY VOL nA i > F ta Pea rene! we 7oeeee 4a * Ar j EAE BT doll eve jon, hrwod coal tof Sohal 2 adgl bas bolo 4 ¥ - > a ” ” 08 bk a6 fas hs”) REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE — ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 29rTx, 1850. - LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD AND JOHN E. TAYLOR, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1850. REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. In accordance with the provisions of the Charter, the Council of the Zoological Society have now the honour of submitting their Twenty-first Annual Report to the Fellows, upon the progress and prospects of the Institution during the twelve months which have elapsed since the last Anniversary. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1, Mempers. a. Fellows and Annual Subscribers. The Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual Subscribers at the present time amount to 1665, viz. :— Compounders, having paid £20: . + 317 Ditto ditto £380 . . 140 Pay annual contributions of £2 . . 572 Ditto ditto £3 . . 483 Annual Subscribers i ar CRS Smee ht hs eee cel a: gh LSS Admission Fees unpaid . . . . .- 3 1665 Of this number, 43 have been elected. since the last Anni- versary, and 5 have heen re-admitted under the provisions of the Bye-Laws, Chap. I. sect. 9. The number of resignations during the same period has been 53, and of deaths 41, : The Candidates are 5. b. Honorary and Foreign Members. The number of Honorary and Foreign Members is 29. . ce. Corresponding Members. The number of Corresponding Members is 155. 4, Among the Honorary Members, the Society has to regret the loss of Sir Thomas Reade, for many years H.M. Consul- General at Tunis, where he liberally availed himself of the power afforded by his position to advance the objects of Zoology. The donations of Sir Thomas Reade to the Me- nagerie extended over a period of eighteen years, and in- cluded many of the most valuable Carnivora and Struthious Birds which have existed in the Collection. 2. FINANCES. a. Income. The Council have again the satisfaction of reporting an in- crease in the gross income of the Society, as compared with that of the preceding year. The total receipts of 1849, having amounted to £8771 9s. 8d., give an increase of £606 8s. 5d. as compared with 1848, and of £1005 14s, 2d. as compared with 1847. The Council regard this important result as conclusive evidence in favour of the vigorous measures which they com- menced in 1848 for the improvement of the Menagerie, and the extension of the facilities for visiting it. The increase of £1124 19s. 6d. in the sum received at the Garden Gates in 1849 as compared with 1847, confirms the hope expressed in the last Annual Report, that this source of the Society’s im- come will gradually resume the importance presented in the earlier period of its operations. The actual increase in the number of Visitors in 1849 as compared with 1848, was 25,265; and it is scarcely to be doubted that this increase would have been still larger, had there not been a manifest loss during the months of August and September, as in the case of every other place of public resort, in consequence of the general diminution of travelling, and the removal of large numbers of residents from the me- tropolis through dread of the prevailing epidemic. The Report from the Gates for the current year exhibits an increase of £130 in the Receipts, as compared with the corresponding weeks of 1849, and of £259 10s. 6d. as com- pared with 1848, oO ' In reference to the various heads of Income, the Council have to observe that in comparison with 1848— The decrease of £57 8s. 10d. in the Drvipenps, is the result of Sales of Stock at the close of 1848, which were an nounced in the last Report. The decrease of £186 in the ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS, is chiefly attributable to the excess of Resignations and Deaths to the extent of 56 cases above the new elections. But although this circumstance cannot be regarded otherwise than as unfortunate, there is some ground of hope in referring to the increase of £55 in the Apmission F'rxs, and of £70 in the payment for Lirz Compositions, as strikingly indicative of a more prosperous future.” An increase of £50 has been obtained in the rent paid for the privilege of selling refreshments to the Visitors in conse- quence of the increase in their number. There has also been an increase of £62 17s. 4d. im the sum derived from the sale of the Sctentiric Pusicartons of the Society; and the Council have reason to believe that the return under this head in the current year will be found capable of further development. The increase of £409 19s. 1d. in the GarpeEn Satzs, will be more particularly noticed in connection with the Expendi- ture on account of the Menagerie. To sum up,—the decrease of Subscriptions has been checked, as compared with the ratio of preceding years, although not determined : the decrease, which for many years continuously down to 1847, was presented in the Recezpts at the Garden Gate, has not only been determined, but the Receipts are rapidly rising, and exhibit so vigorous a tendency to advance, - that they more than counterbalance the other heads of per- manent income which still remain in an unfavourable condi- tion ; while the Garden Sales of the current year will certainly exceed those of the past. b, Expenditure. In the balance-sheet attached to the Auditors’ Report, will be found the usual statement of payments, distributed under separate heads. 6 The total amount of payments presents a decrease of £241 10s. 1d. as compared with 1848, but as the Liabilities present an increase of £412, the true expenditure of the year, inelu- ding a heavy payment of £1359 17s. 3d. for arrears carried over from 1848, is to be taken as at an increase of £171 10s. The payment of £562 1s. 5d. for the Carriage oF Ant- MALS, presents the most conspicuous increase of the year ; but as it was for the most part incurred in the transport of the beautiful collection which was given to the Society by the late Viceroy of Egypt, of purchases made on very favourable terms by the Hon. C. A. Murray in that country, and of the animals presented to the Society by Lieut.-Col. Butterworth, the aggregate value of which cannot be taken at less than £1600,—this increase, amounting to £476 178. 2d:, will certainly be no cause of regret to the Society. The payment of £408 8s. 4d. for Miscellaneous MBNAGERIE Expenses, including Coals, Straw, &c., presents the trifling inéreast of £11 18s. 5d., which is more than accounted for by the increase in the average number of Animals. The payment of £149 lus, 8d. to the BAND, presents an increase of £43 8s. 8d., in consequence of the Council having extended the period of the Musical Performances on Sattitdays in accordance with what they believed to be the prevailing desire of the Society. : The slight increase of £15 in the expenses of the Musnum was necessary for the preservation of the specitiiens. The increase of £46 78. 9d. in the cost of producing the Procerpines and the In,ustRAtions now published with them, has been answered by ain increase of £57 9s. 8d. in the money received by their sale; while the payment of £42 2s. 10d. for the éxpenses of producing the TRANSACTIONS, presents a decrease of £20 5s, The payment of £28 5s. 10d. on aceourit of the LiBRaRy, presents an increase of £7 12s. 6d. The payment of £49 5s. for KnEprrs’ Dressss, presents a decrease of £13 3s. The payment of £514 3s. 7d. for the expenses of the GArpener’s Contract and other work executed by hin, presents a decrease of £49 3s. 10d. The payment of £302 7s. for HousE anp OFFICE expenses, — : -—- 7 including Coals, Lighting, Advertising, &c., presents a decrease of £13 13s. 2d. _ The payment of £48 8s. for Stationery and Printing, pre- sents a decrease of £17 Os. 6d. In the payments for Works, Reparrs anp New Buixp- INGS, there is a decrease of £616 4s. 7d.; but it is to be ob- served that £627 9s. 8d. belonging to this head remained due on the 3lst of December, and forms part of the item of £2162 16s. Liabilities of that date, which have now been re+ duced to £735 18s. 11d. hy payments made in the current year. In the payment of £1739 17s. 9d. for Provisions, there is a decrease of £311 16s. 5d.; but as this sum only includes the consumption of eleven months, the actual amount of saving as compared with 1848 is to be taken at £161. Con- sidering that the average number of animals maintained in the Menagerie during the twelve months ending on the 31st of December, 1849, exceeded the average number of animals in the twelve months ending on the 31st of December, 1848, by no less than 180 head, and that this increase included six young Lions, the Council have reason to congratulate them- selves on having been fortunate enough to avoid a material inerease in this branch of the expenditure, notwithstanding the favourable state of the markets. The payment of £705 17s. for the PurcHass or ANIMALS, has added many beautiful accessions to the Menagerie, and it presents a decrease of £73 18s. 6d. as compared with the payment under this head in 1848, : __ It is worthy of notice that the recent liberal expenditure on _ this, the main and vital feature of the Institution, has not only been rewarded by the re-establishment of the celebrity of the Collection as the finest publie Vivarium in Europe, has not only attracted immense crowds of approving Visitors, but has enabled the Council to create a considerable source of Tneome in the disposal of duplicates, which, while the most desirable specimens have been invariably reserved for the Menagerie, has produced the increase of £409 19s. 1d. under the head of “ Garden Sales,” as shown on the Income side of thé Balance-Sheet. The actual condition of the Menagerie seems to indicate that, with moderate success, and a continus 8 ance of the active support of our Correspondents, this source of Income will maintain its importance as long as the Collec- tion is kept up to its present strength. In evidence of the truth of this anticipation, it is sufficient to state that the Council have, in consequence of the accessions of last year, been enabled to part with the youngest male Giraffe, and thereby realize £350 without in any degree impairing the prospective increase of the herd, which now consists of three females and two males. ° The Memorial which the Council addressed to the Com- missioners of Her Majesty’s Woods, Forests and Land Re- venues in 1848, has, with the. consent of the Lords of the Treasury, obtained a reduction in the Ground-Rent paid for the Gardens, which is now taken at £337 per annum, and will therefore effect a reduction in the Annual Expenditure under that head to the amount of £167. The Council gratefully recognize, in this act of attention to their statement of the Society’s educational resources, a desire on the part of Her Majesty’s Government to promote the study of Natural History, and an appreciation of the recent efforts to extend it by the facilities which are now afforded to Visitors of all classes. The comparison of Income with Expenditure is, however, still unfavourable, if the extraordinary outlay for New Build- ings is not regarded as a change of investment rather than expenditure. But the great advance which has been made in the per- manently productive Property of the Society by the erection of substantial Buildings since the year 1842, and especially in the years 1848 and 1849, has brought the establishment to a state of efficiency and attractiveness which the Council have reason to believe will, for the present, obviate the ne- ~ cessity of immediate operations of this character beyond the works now in progress. The Buildings completed or erected during the year 1849 are of the most important description, and, the Council flatter themselves, have already had great effect in reference to In- come, while they have undeniably been the means of preser- ving in health some of the most interesting animals in the Collection. The payments on account of the completed por- 9 tion of the New Aviary, the Reptile House, the West Wing of the Giraffe House, the Inclosure for Grallatorial Birds, and some minor works, amount to upwards of £1000, and the value of them, whether taken as elements of Income or simply as facilities for the preservation of the live-stock by which they are tenanted, certainly far exceeds the annual dividend which the capital they represent would yield to the Society in Government Securities. The ordinary expenditure of the Establishment on its pre- sent footing, including the purchase of Animals to the amount of about £700, may be taken as-not exceeding £8500 a year. As the gross receipts of 1849 exceeded £8700, there is, consequently, every probability that the increasing Income of the Society will again produce a surplus sufficient for all the purposes of a reserve. c. Assets and Liabilities. The preceding analysis of the Expenditure will, it is hoped, evince the vigilance with which the Council have considered the various necessities of the Establishment, and the most effectual measures for the production of Income. Convinced by experience that an energetic development of its resources is the only basis on which the success of the Institution can be permanently maintained, the Council found it necessary to provide for a part of the extraordinary expenditure of the year 1849 by the sale of £700 3 per cent. Stock in November last, and, consequently, the comparative state of the Cash Assets of the Society on the 31st of December 1849, as com- pared with the same day in 1848, presented a decrease of - about £809 in actual value, being— - 1848. 1849. £ Ss. a [ar rae Cash at Bankers... 265 10 7 105 10 7 NtOCK 32.2.5, a ieieee tae 5000 O O 4300 O O _ The Liabilities on the 31st of December 1849 amounted to £2162, of which £300 consisted of Rent of the House in Hanover Square, belonging to 1848 and 1849 (for which there is at present no legal claimant), and £200 for presents 10 to Egyptian officers, and other expenses connected with the Hippopotamus, for which the Society were indebted to the Hon. ©. A. Murray. The Report of the Council on this branch of the Society’s affairs cannot be concluded without recording their thanks to the Committees of Audit and Finance for the uniform atten- tion and care with which they have applied themselves to the business which has been brought before them. II. SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT. a. PUBLICATIONS. The Proceedings for the year 1849 contain an unusual quantity of valuable papers, which have been illustrated in a series of twenty-seven plates, exclusive of woodcuts embodied in the text. The immediate result of this new form of the Society’s Journal has been a considerable increase in its cir- culation, and the accession of several valuable names to the ‘list of contributors in the current year. The cheap rate at which this work is issued to the Fellows will, it is hoped, in combination with the excellence of the plates, ensure a still more extensive support as its merits become known. The First Part of the Fourth Volume of the Transactions is in preparation, and will contain a paper by Professor Owen, in continuation of his previous researches on the Extinct Gigantic Wingless Birds of New Zealand, and a paper by Professor Van det Hoeven on the Pearly Nautilus. b. Museum, The additions to the Collection of mounted specimens are limited to such rare species as have died in the Menagerie, and had no previous tepresentatives in the Museum. Many duplicates have been presented to the cognate provincial In- stitutions of Norwich, Ipswich, Dover, Worcester, &c., which, without impairing the value of the Society’s accumulated stores, have, it is hoped, afforded some proof of sympathy with the movement in favour of Natural Science, which is in rapid development throughout the country. —_—— 11 The Council regard with pleasure the progress which has recently been made in the National and Provincial Collections, and which, presenting so striking a contrast with their condi- tion at the time when the Zoological Society was founded, renders the maintenance of our own Museum, as a separate collection, no longer an object of the importance which it formerly possessed. : ; The principal Donations to the Museum since the last Anniversary have been presented by Rear-Admiral Bowles, V.P.; A. Grace, Esq.; Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, R.N., C.B.; A. N. Ward, Esq., H.E.I.C. Civil Service; and J, Patten, Esq. ce. LiBRARY. Although no important purchases have been effected in the Library, several desirable and valuable works have been added by donations and by exchange for the Publications of the Society. The principal Donations to the Library since the last Anniversary consist of Transactions and Proceedings from The Academy of Sciences of Paris. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich. The Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Breslau. The Royal Society of Sciences of Gottingen. __ The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin. [Institut Royal des Pays Bas. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm. The Royal So¢iety of Van Diemen’s Land. The Institute of France. The American Philosophical Society. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences: The Royal Irish Academy. The Royal Society of Literature. | Ae Linnean Society. he Horticultural Society. The Royal Society of Edinburgh; and ‘ The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. 12 Mémoires, Journals, Bulletins, Annals, and Reports have also been received feond The Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin. The Agricultural Society of Lyons. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. The National Academy of Metz. The Natural History Society of the Department of the Moselle. The Franklin Institute. The Smithsonian Institution. The Royal Agricultural Society of England. The Royal Geographical Society. The Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg. The British Association for the Advancement of Science. The Asiatic Society of Great Britain. The Geological Society of London. The Geological Society of Dublin. The Leeds Philosophical Society. The State of New York. Her Majesty’s Government ; and L’Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier. Donations have also been received from William C. Dom- vile, Esq.; Dr. Andrew Smith; George Ransome, Esq. ; Dr. Mantell ; Dr. Wyman ; Dr. Morton ; Dr. Leidy of Phila- delphia; M. Alfred Malherbe; Dr. Baikie, and Robert Heddle, Esq.; J. D. Dana, Esq.; Arthur Adams, Esq., R.N.; Jacob Bell, "Esq. ; the Editor of the Athenzum Journal; H. ‘J. Car- ter, Esq. ; ; ’P, Kernan, Esq. ; Professor Pictet ; E. Newman, Esq.; the Editor of the Agricultural Magazine, and the Royal Botanic Society. III. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. 1. Works anp REPAIRS. The attention of the Council has been actively directed towards the improvement and extension of the Buildings ren- dered necessary by the increasing richness of the Menagerie, ere 13 and especially by the presents of His Highness Ibrahim Pasha and other Donors. The principal Works executed since the 1st of January 1849 have been—the completion of that portion of the New Aviary which was commenced in 1848 : the arrangement of the House for Reptiles: a large Inclosure for Grallatorial Birds: the erection of a Wing at the West End of the Giraffe House : the commencement of a similar Building at the East End: the thorough Repair of the Head Keeper’s apartments at the back of the old Aviary ; and the restoration of the artificial support of the walk adjoming the Elephant House. In the Gardener’s department the Council have again the pleasure of recording Donations from The Horticultural Society. His Grace the Archbishop of Dublin. H. Melville, Esq. R. Sanders, Esq., F.Z.S. H. Cuming, Esq., Corr. Memb. Z.S. J. J. Bennett, Esq., Sec. L.S. D. W. Mitchell, Esq., Sec. Z.8. Constant attention has been paid to the effective arrange- ment of the Flower Garden, but with that regard to economy which is demanded by the more urgent claims on the Funds of the Society. 2. MENAGERIE. The Council have great satisfaction in geporting that the actual condition and prospects of the Menagerie are such as cannot but afford gratification to every one who visits it. They are aware that great improvements still remain to be effected, but they rely with confidence on the sympathy which has been expressed on all sides at the progress which has al- ready been made, and they depend on the gradually increasing funds which the approval of the Public continues to place at their disposal for the ultimate realization of the most com- plete Vivarium which the knowledge and opportunity of the _ present times seem to indicate as attaimable. 14. The Council have been fortunate in obtaining, since the last anniversary, the support of several valuable correspond- ents, among whom they particularly desire to mention Alexander Elphinston, Esq., H.H.1.C.C.8., Bombay. The Lord Harris, Governor of Trinidad. Captain Scanlan. A. Grant, Hsq., M.D., Colombo. Alexander Grace, Esq., Deputy Queen’s Advocate, Galle. A. N, Ward, Esq., H.E.I.0.C.8., Madras. J. Dunbar, Esq., Judge of the Suddur Court, Calcutta. Dr. Bowring, H.B.M. Consul, Canton, H. Grace, Esq., H.M. Vice-Consul, Mogador. H. E. Tyler, Esq., Lieut. R.H., St Lucia. J. Davis, Esq., M.D., 8. Carolina, Don Javier Ovalle, of Valparaiso. Martin Stevenson, Esq., of Valparaiso. Capt. The Hon. C. Keppel, R.N., H.M.S. Mgander. From several of these gentlemen donations have already arrived, or are on their passage to this country; from all of them the Society may anticipate cooperation of the most effec- tual character. The Collection of living Animals which was announced in the last annual Report as presented to the Society by His late Highness Ibrahim Pasha, through the influence of the Hon, C. A. Murray, was successfully transported to the Gar- dens in charge of the Under-Keeper Henry Hunt, who was despatched to Cairo for that purpose. The gifts of the Vice- roy were accompanied by several other interesting animals obtained by the energy and judgment of Mr, Murray, to whom the thanks of the Society are eminently due. Within a few days of the arrival of this important collee- tion, the Council were fortunate enough to receive in safety a valuable gift from the Governor of Singapore: so that in the first week of July 1849 the united accessions to the Me- nagerie may be considered as having reached their highest point of value, compared with any similar period since the foundation of the Society. It is worthy of remark that the number of Visitors, as indi- cated by the receipts at the Gate during the month of July 15 last, exceeded by a very large number the average of the last ten years: and the Council are consequently induced to he- lieve that the repute of the additions above mentioned had a material influence in producing so unequivocal a proof of the public interest in our prosperity. With reference to the prospects of the Menagerie in the course of the present season, the Council have already had the good fortune to make mention in their reports to the Monthly General Meetings, that they received information in December last that His Highness the Viceroy of Egypt, Ab- bas Pasha, had on the 14th of November confided to the eare of the Hon. C. A. Murray, a young living Hrppororamus, which had been brought down from the White Nile expressly for the acceptance of the Society. The extreme care and good management with which Mr, Murray has preserved this most valuable and unexpected gift, gives the Council every ground to hope that it will be successfully transported to this country before the expiration of the month of May, The Council feel that it is unnecessary to advert in greater detail to the interest which the possession of this animal will impart to the Society’s Collection; and content themselves by stating that they have taken every possible precaution to ensure its safety during the voyage from Alexandria. They haye also thought proper to give proof of the grati- tude of the Society for the munificent aid of His Highness, without. which it would have been entirely impossible to ob- tain a living example of the Hippopotamus, by transmitting to him a small stud of Greyhounds and Deerhounds under the eare of an experienced trainer, His Highness has signified to Mr, Murray his great satisfaction at the course adopted by the Council, and his admiration of the animals themselves. — The Council have also sueceeded in opening a communica- tion with the King of Dahomey, which but for the untimely death of Mr, Duncan, H.M. Vice-Consul at Whydah, in No- vember last, would doubtless haye produced some novel and valuable additions to the Menagerie during the current year. The extracts from Mr, Duncan’s letter to the Secretary which are printed in the Proceedings of the Meeting of December 11, 1849, have a mournful interest from its being one of the last from his pen which reached this country, although full 16 of hope for the continuance of his ability to aid in carrying out the desire of the Society for Zoological Research in the interior of Africa adjacent to his station. Notwithstanding the obstacles at present intervening, there is good reason to expect that the King of Dahomey will fulfill, to the successor of Mr. Duncan, the promises which he gave at their interview on the 3rd of September; and that some of the unknown treasures of his territory will at no distant period be added to the African types which have been already in possession of the Society. : The increasing influence of Dr. Bowring in China, gives also hope of the most valuable results from his desire to as- sist the Society, and the Council have been so fortunate as to obtain the liberal cooperation of one of the most extensive shipping firms in securmg the transport of any objects of Natural History which may be obtained by him at Canton or any other of the Ports of China. Notwithstanding the encouraging aspect imparted to the affairs of the Society by this cordial and effective support from the most remote regions, and the probability of success in the most difficult operation which zoological enterprise has yet undertaken, the Council have still a stronger topic of congra- tulation to offer to the Fellows, in the fact that they are au- thorized to express the approval of our Gracious Sovereign in the efforts which they have made for the restoration of this Institution, and for the diffusion of intellectual recreation, by its resources, among the great masses of the people. Her Majesty and the Prince Consort have obtained their knowledge of our progress by personal observation ; and in proof of their approbation, which is so flattering to the Society, Her Majesty has lately added to the numerous Royal Gifts already in the Collection, six very valuable animals which formed the principal portion of a present transmitted for Her Majesty’s acceptance by the Emperor of Morocco. In so large a collection as that now possessed by the So- ciety, it is impossible to avoid some serious annual casualties; and the Council have since the last Report to record the loss of the female Aurochs and three Bisons, carried off by Pleuro- pneumonia, the scourge of horned cattle, for which as yet no remedy has been discovered, although the ravages of this : ‘ 3 Wr disease have caused the most serious losses to almost every breeder of stock throughout the country. The Rhinoceros and the African Buffalo died in November last, but as the former had been upwards of fifteen years in the Menagerie, and the latter nearly as long, their longevity, rather than their decease, is to be remarked on. | : In other respects, the health of the animals in the Mena- gerie is a subject of the utmost congratulation, and sufficiently attested by thei beautiful condition, which also speaks fa- vourably for the improvements which have been effected in the Buildings. The only death among the Carnivora, for in- stance, has been that of a Black Leopard received upwards of six years since, and even at that time an old animal. The following list of species which have bred since the last Report, will render any further comment superfluous. List or SPECIES WHICH BRED IN THE SEASON 1849-50. MAMMALIA. Vervet Monkey. Cercopithecus pygerythrus, F. Cuv. Capuchin Monkey. Cebus capucinus, Evxl. Red-fronted Lemur. Lemur rufifrons, Benn. Wolf. Canis lupus, Linn. Indian Wolf. Canis pallipes, Sykes. Jackal. Canis mesomelas, Schreb. Hog Deer. Cervus porcinus, Zimm. Virginian Deer. Cervus virginianus, Gm. _ Sambur Deer. Cervus hippelaphus, Cuv. — Wapiti Deer. Cervus canadensis, Brisson. Gazelle. Antilope (Gazella) dorcas, Pall. Bison. Bison americanus (Gm.). Corsican Goat. Capra hircus, Linn. Cashmere Goat. Capra hircus, var. Scinde Goat. Capra hircus, var. Angora Goat. Capra hircus, var. — Chinchilla. Chinchilla lanigera, Benn. 18 BIRDS. Crested Dove. Ocyphaps lophotes (Temm.). Senegal Dove. Turtur senegalensis (Linn.). - Collared Turtle. Turtur risorius (Linn.). Crowned-Pigeon. Goura coronata (Lath.). Victoria Crowned-Pigeon. Gowra Victoria, Fraser. Gold Pheasant. Thaumalea picta (Linn.). Silver Pheasant. Gallophasis nycthemerus (Linn.). Jungle Fowl, Hybrid from Gallus varius, Shaw. Capercaillie. Tetrao urogallus, Linn. Black Swan. Cygnus atratus, Latham. Sandwich-Island Goose. Bernicla sandvicensis, Vig. Cereopsis Goose. Cereopsis nove-hollandie (Latham). Bean Goose (cross). -Anser segetum, Linn. Pintail Duck (cross). Dafila acuta (Linn.). Garganey: Querquedula circia (Linn.). Eider. Somateria mollissima (Linn.). Tufted Duck. Fuligula cristata (Ray). Castaneous Duck (cross). Nyroca leucophthalma (Bechst.). Penguin Duck. Anas boschas, var. REPTILES. Salamander. Salamandra maculata, Lam. Viper. elias berus (Linn.). Slow Worm. Anguis fragilis, Linn. The Council believe that no better test of the progress of the Institution can be appealed to than the List of Animals exhibited for the first time. They have great pleasure in re- porting that during the past twelve months they have been able to obtain nearly seventy species, notwithstanding the long lists published in 1848 and 1849. 19 List or SPECIES EXHIBITED FoR THE First Time, 1849-50. MAMMALIA. QUADRUMANA. Monkey. Cercocebus albigena, Gray, nu. sp. Monkey. Cercopithecus ——? n. sp.? CaRNIVoRA. The Eyra. Felis eyra, Desmar. Himalayan Bear. Ursus isabellinus, Horsfield. RuMINANTIA. Moluccan Rusa. Cervus moluccensis. Barasingha Deer. Cervus Duvaucellii, Cuvier. _ Leucoryx Antilope. Antilope (Oryx) leucoryz, Pall. Addax Antilope. Antilope (Oryx) nasomaculata, Blainv. Isabelline Antilope. Andilope (Eleotragus) isabellina, Afzel. Cuvier’s Gazelle. Antilope (Gazella) Cuvieri, Ogilby. — Indian Antilope, albino. Antilope (Cervicapra) bezoarctica. Turkish Water-Buffalo. Bos taurus, var. Parik Sheep. Ovis aries, var. PACHYDERMATA. _ . Vlacke-Vark. Phacocherus ethiopicus (Linn.). RopentT1a. Hamster Rat. Cricetus vulgaris, Desmar. Pilori. Hesperomys pilorides (Desmar.). BIRDS. Rarrores. Fisher-Eagle. Haliaétus vocifer (Daud.). Kestril. Tinnunculus cenchris, Bechstein. Falcon. Falco columbarius, Linn. Kite? Milvus ater? B2 20 INSESSORES. Whidah Bird. Vidua ? n.sp.? Weaver Bird. Hyphantornis ? Brazilian Jay. Cyanocorazx pileatus, Temm. Peruvian Meadow Lark. Sturnella loyca, Mol. Porto-Rico Boat-tail. Scaphidurus niger (Gm.). Chestnut-fronted Troupial. Chrysomus frontalis (Vieill.). SCANSORES. Toucan. Rhamphastos carinatus, Sw. CoLuMB#. White-Fruit-Pigeon. Carpophaga alba (Gm.). Rasores. Riippell’s Guinea Fowl. Nwmida ptilorhyncha, Tacht. Great Tinamou. Tinamus major (Linn.). Indian Quail. Coturnix coromandelica, Gm. Australian Quail. Coturnix (Synecus) australis, Gould. Hybrid Pheasant, from Phasianus versicolor. GRALLATORES. Goliath Heron. Ardea goliat, Temminck. Squacco Heron. Ardea comata, Pall. Sparmann’s Night-Heron. Nycticorax caledonicus (Gm.). Brazilian Tiger-Bittern. Tigrisoma brasiliense (Linn.). Mortier’s Rail. Tribonyx Mortiert, Dubus. Australian Moorhen. Gallinula tenebrosa, Gould. Philippine Rail. Radlus philippensis, Linn. —— Rail. LHulabeornis torquata (Iinn.). Flamingo. Pheenicopterus antiquorum, Temm. NATATORES. Hybrid Duck, from Anas boschas & Mareca penelope. Crested Pelican. Pelecanus crispus, Bruch. ee iis 21 REPTILES. Psammosaurus griseus (Daud.). Uromastiz spinipes, Merrem. acanthinurus, Bell. Acanthodactylus scutellatus (Audouin). Scincus officinalis, Laur. Sphenops sepsoides (Audouin). Gongylus ocellatus, Wagler. Tarentola egyptiaca. Cyclura Collei, Gray. Iguana tuberculata, Laur. Stellio vulgaris, Daud. Agama colonorum, Daud. Python regius, Dum. et Bibr. Eunectes murinus, Wagler. Boa diviniloqua, Dum. et Bibr. : Coluber constrictor ¢ Naia haje. Craspedocephalus atrox, Gray. Cerastes Hasselquistii. Salamandra maculosa, Lam. Triton palmatus. marmoratus. The Council have the pleasure of recording an unusually ’ important list of Supporters who have presented Donations to THE MENAGERIE. = MaseEsty THE QUEEN. A Lioness, a Leopard, a Pair of Ostriches, and a Pair of Gazelles. H.H. Isranim Pasua. A Giraffe (female), Two Dromedaries, Two Leucoryx Antelopes, Two Addax Antelopes, Two Ostriches, and Two Gazelles. 22 The Marquis of Salisbury, F.Z.S. &e. Two Cinereous Eagles. The Earl of Derby, K.G. &c., President. Fourteen Senegal Pigeons, Ten Passenger Pigeons, and Three Game Fowls. The Earl of Radnor. Two Chinese Sheep. The Earl of Sheffield, F.Z.8. &c. Three Hybrids between Pheasant and Common Fowl. The Earl Spencer, F.Z.8. &c. A White-fronted Goose. The Lord Braybrooke, F.Z.8. &c. A Badger. Sir Thomas Erskine Perry. A Dshikketat. The Hon. C. A. Murray, H.M. Consul-General in Egypt. Fourteen Purple Gallinules. Colonel Butterworth, Governor of Singapore. A Malay Bear, Two Sarus Cranes, ‘and a Cassowary. J. Drummond Hay, Esq., H.M. Consul and Agent at Tangiers. Two Gazelles. Joseph James Forrester, Esq., Corresponding Member. Nine Snakes, Twenty-one Lizards, and Ten Frogs. Lieut. Tyler, R.E. 4 Boa (diviniloqua), Five Snakes, an Agouti, and a Pilori. : F. Hale Thomson, Esq., F.Z.S. A Grey Ichneumon. A. Mackenzie, Esq., F.Z.S. A Griffon Vulture. Wu. Bridger, Esq. Twenty-two Canary Finches. Miss Congreve. An African Civet Cat. Miss Barrow. A Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. Mrs. Macdonald. A Collared Turtle Dave. — Gray, Esq. A Mona Monkey. The Rev. H. Dixon. 4A Herring Gull. Richard Dayis, Hsq., F.Z.S. . Two Rattle-Snakes. 23 The Rev. James Allen. An African Ram. a Anderson, Esq., M.P. A Fezzan Sheep. J. Craigie, Esq. 4 Capuchin Monkey and a was Squirrel. John Biehl, Esq. A Jacchus Monkey. D. Ross, Esq. A Slow-paced Lemur. Capt.-Abell. Three Ground Squirrels and a Chameleon. — Selby, Esq. A Ground Squirrel. E. K. Watts, Esq. 4 Wedge-tailed Eagle. J. R. Shaw, Esq. Two Peregrine Falcons. ~ William C. Domvyile, Hsq., F.Z.8. A Squacco Heron. William Rogers, Esq. Ten Vipers, Six Slow-worms, and Ten Toads. Dr. Andrew Smith, F.Z.8. An Iguana. Dr. Dickson, Corresponding Member. Two Lizards. Sir Wm. J. Hooker. 4 Squirrel Flying Opossum. S. Fitzgerald, Esq. A Gannet. W. D. Christie, Esq. A Spider Monkey, a White-throated Ca- ‘ puchin Monkey, and a Turtle. — Gray, Esq. A Spotted Cavy. Col. Messiter. An Axis Deer. — Conway, Esq. A Ring-necked Parrakeet. Mrs. Hoffmann. A Sky Lark. Lieut. Cave, 53rd Regiment. A Boa (divinilogua). T. R. France, Esq. Two Rooks (white variety). J. H. Spencer, Esq. 4 Patas Monkey. Capt. Worth, R.N. 4 Brown Coati Mondi. George Ransome, Esq. An Osprey. Capt. Sir Edward Belcher, F.Z.S. Four Cochin China Fowls. The Marchioness of Westminster. A Weaver Bird. 24 Thos. Byron, Esq. An Emu and an Australian Dog. W. Danford, Esq. A Buffon’s Touraco. Capt. Ouseley, Bengal Army. A Rose-crested Cockatoo. Col. Gunning, F.Z.8. Five Collared Turtle Doves. H. L. Freeling, Esq. Three Collared Turtle Doves. Richard Sanders, Esq., F.Z.S. Eighteen Toads, a Frog, and a Lizard. James Balfour, Esq. 4 Green Monkey. T. F. Reade, Esq. Two Ostriches and Six Jerboas. Mrs. Foy. A Brown Bear. W. Bencraft, Esq. 4 Grey Ichneumon. C. G. Webber, Esq., F.Z.S. A Turkey and Four Fowls from Oporto. F. H. Salvin, Esq. Three Little Grebes. H. Ward, Esq. Two Crocodiles. John Leonard, Esq. A Rhesus Monkey. Mrs. Martin Stevenson. Two Pumas and Two Chilian Sea Eagles. Prof. Wheatstone. .4 Chameleon. Dr. Davey. A Macaque Monkey and a Toque Monkey. Mrs. May. A Guinea Parrakeet. William 8. Gillett, Esq., F.Z.S. A Merlin Hawk and Two Kites. R. Allen, Esq., Staff Surgeon. A Tortoise. J. M. Ramsbottom, Esq. A Chameleon. J. H. Phillips, Esq. 4 Guinea Baboon. Capt. Molison. A Chaema Baboon. Charles St. John, Esq. A Pine Marten. — Wilkinson, Esq. 4 Red-backed Shrike. Dr. Thompson, R.N., Corresponding Member. Three Surat Doves and a Collared Turtle Dove. F. Buckland, Esq. A Little Owl. 25 F. Gilson, Esq. A Herring Gull. Capt. Pixley. A Chacma Baboon. — Nichol, Esq. A Goat. KE. N. Berry, Esq. Two Chameleons. Samuel Gurney, Esq., F.L.S. A Salamander. John Hoffmann, Esq., F.Z.S. Trochetia subviridis. J. Anderdon, Esq. Two Mountain Doves. J. Edwards, Esg. A Bonneted Monkey. The Ladies Boyle. A Patas Monkey and a Talapoin Monkey. Mrs. Sadd. A Monkey. A. Elliott Fuller, Esq., M.P., F.Z.S. Five Gold Pheasants. Vernon Abbott, Esq., F.Z.S. An Antelope. C. A. Peirce, Esq., F.Z.S. A Fallow Deer. Edw. Wyndham, Esq., F.Z.S. A Crested Porcupine. Alexander Elphinston, Esq., Hon. E.I.C. Civil Service. An Albino Antelope. Jacob Bell, Esq. ae ey Ae A Barbary Partridge. Pierce Serocold, Esq. A Brown Capuchin Monkey. Thos. Burwash, Esq. 4 Cashmere Goat. Miss Walton. A Sea Eagle. W. B. Abbott, Esq. A Gazelle and Two Goats. N. Calvert, jun., Esq. A Green Monkey id a Macaque Monkey. HH. Wickens, Esq. A Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. Donations to the Menagerie have also been received from _‘H. Hall, Esq., 8. Willson, Esq., — Gwyn, Esq., and Mr. Jamrach, 26 VISITORS. The total number of Visitors to the Gardens in 1849 was 168,895 ; of these, 33,998 were privileged, and 134,897 un- privileged; of whom upwards of 72,000 were admitted on Mondays. The Increase in the number of Visitors, as compared with 1848, was 25,265. The money received for admission was £4651 10s., being an increase over 1848 of £611 6s. 6d. The Council, in concluding their Report, beg to direct the attention of the Fellows to the following Statement of the number of paying Visitors to the Gardens on Monday only, during the last nine months in 1846 and 1847, at which time the Admission was 1s. each—compared with the same months in 1848 and 1849, the admission then being 6d. each :— 1846. | 1847. | Total. || 1848. | 1849. | Total. April......| 1,274] 1,094] 2,368 || 1,488} 5,253] 6,741 May .....-| 1,683] 2,658) 4,341 ||10,692 | 8,422/ 19,114 June oss 3,737 | 1,916} 5,653 ||10,558 |12,636 | 23,194 July ......| 2,391] 2,005 | 4,396 ||14,276 |17,226 | 31,502 August ....| 1,635} 1,975 | 3,610|| 7,756 |12,440 | 20,196 September. .| 1,084 913} 1,997 ||11,782| 8,832} 20,614 October.... 434 566 | 1,000 || 2,618} 2,894] 5,512 November . . 232 450 682 769| 1,163} 1,932 December . . 93 B75 368 627 616| 1,243 12,563 |11,852 |24,415 ||60,566 |69,482 |130,048 In 1848 and 1849 at 6d. each. .... 130,048 In 1846 and 1847 at ls. each. .... 24,415 Increase in favour of 1848 and 1849 . 105,633 persons. REPORT OF THE AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS, Appointed February 7, 1850. _ Tue Committee of Auditors having carefully examined the : ~ Accounts of the Society for the Year ending December 31, 1849, and having inspected all the Books and seen Vouchers for all the Payments,—now beg to lay before the Society the a Sieg Abstract of such hee together with a State- RECEIPTS. Balance brought from Dec. 31, 1848.,.......+0 INCOME. Belonging to years 1340 to f Annual Subscriptions ....0........6. erstas 1846. | Ivory Tickets ...sscccccseserssersereeeeees 1847. Annual Subscriptions Admission Fees ...++..... sienseveenannecs Annual Subscriptions ...........sseeeeeses Ivory Tickets sesssesesseees vomnsies sys wee Transactions ...cesesecseceeeeeeee heed yeaa and Illustrations... 1848 Admission Fees ...ssecscccceeseeseseseeees Compositions ....seerecseeseesenees ceases Annual Subscriptions ...cccesseessseeeees Ivory Tickets sercosceeeseseees | Admissions to Gardens ..........4+ 18494 Garden Sales .ce..ccsecsesseeeeeee Rent for Retreshment Rooms ....-s... Farm Rent ........sesessceeecceseeecescsees Dividends on 3 per Cents. Reduced ... Transactions casecscscssseecesecerenseseess [| Proceedings and Illustrations............ 1850. Annual Subscriptions anticipated ....... INCOME IN 1849.00 ..csecssesseceeesreeesasserees Proceeds of Sale of £700, 3 per Cents. Reducedssesssecscsccersserscsevccsenenecsoevevens POC CO ero neste EOe SORT OFREETHS ee etetees onwxoxun oo ocooooceo CSCaoanoorwoowoso i ocoooocooqaocoeco weee ee eeeeeteeeons eeeeeteeseeeeesees } eee eetetoneeeseons 141 16 0 8542 11 8 11 0 0 £8771 9 8 Seereroereseserssaeer 8771 9 8 65117 6 £9688 17 9 x 29 PAYMENTS. General Farm, Gardens. Museum. Estabt. Total. EXPENDITURE. eee = g ee a Go's. ail Loe dE. sal’ See. so ae pars ie fest Rates, Taney Be 30 0 O} 511 14 8... bss di 5 1 5) 54616 1 48. | Bills ......... cedebesiatss|sdoctscacasnceslsS0i- 1a. Ste dletO- 9), 223° 13° 0) Siapebae 30 0 0} 1089 12 1) 11 10 9) 228 14 5) 135917 8 Rent, Rates, and Taxes ...;° 45 0 0} 150 Salaries and Wages.........|....ceceeeeeeeee| 1287 Keepers’ Dresses....scessees|esesseceeee wee] 49 Cost of Animals ........c00e}.eccecsereceeee| 205 Carriage of Animals and Keepers’ Expenses ... f |" "°""""" PrOvisionS ..ccec..sscesceeeelesecaccecescnee| 1739 Menagerie Expenses ......J.ecccsceeeseee-} 408 Garden Expenses cecsscss.lecescecsecseses] O14 | Garden Guides ....cesceseslecesseceveeseer 5 Band Expenses ....0...sssslececsscseeeeers 149 19 49~ Works and Repairs.......0.|.........0e0e0| 818 16 | Buildings and Works in- cidental thereto ...... } aes te ae House and Office Expenses},........000..., 37 17 Ll)sscssscsesceees| 264 9 1 | Printing .............cceeeeeelin. 3 BOh Ss OD. .cecceeeeeee| 5 19 9 | Library Expenses ..,......!... slivspebesetsccce| soaniro LO | Museum Expenses ......... SReadchocmandanlindgeesenmsacseallii Din 1.0 Stationery ..... vnenccrsenarslassencecacccee-| sosscveccserecs lanceroscnsseces| 12 | Transactions ...1c0...c0.c0|.cceseconscnces| cosscececceoce [sveeseecssesse| 42 paigeatyacaeesle too oe 55 9 0] 52412 0 n _ _ TOO > _ aT _ owe etevessesestone 812 9 BP BOOTHS 1 SOOws a Ney _ i=) | Proceedings and Illus- i 111 trations awe ateemseteace. eee eee eeeereree eeeereseeeereee seater eeeeestee _Returned Subscriptions ...|,........... illdasccoset sobecalwdumesveieosess Na GK 0 TT on account of the ae PL NSP POT | 7053 2 3) 118 16 pee 19 3] g290 17 10 INDITURE IN 1849.....| 75 0 0| 8142 14 4, 130 7 1/1232 13 8| 9580 15 1 A & A for two Powers of Attorney....scsecsorecscsserveserscnasevcesenessssessenvenscessenereseess 23 0 t the Banker’s, December 31, 1849, ..sscecese crccsscovsersesstcescsetcerensrssseseesere]| 105 19 8 £| 9688 17 9 30 The Assets and Liabilities of the Society on the 31st of December, 1849, were as follow :— ASSETS. | Living and Arrears of Preserved | Collections, Sie | Estimated at| Previous at Cash at Banker’s.:;|. £4300 Reduced 3 per Cents.... Annual Subscrip- TQNIS: covecses a Transactions gecneaeaeenaias Illustrations of Proceedings Garden Sales Barc ccanne maya 0 3.0 ee eeeterneeee belecee tebeweeeee SSS ee 13,000 | 409 16 0/331 15 6 LIABILITIES. Bills, &c. unpaid, estimated at— For the Gardens ............ densestuawas ; — Museum General Establishment Rent, &c. unpaid— For the Gardens ...........55 a Oe Cee General Establishment e Capital Funded. Ul Beet | rae 3826 13 4 ooo 3826 13 4/105 19 8 1613 13 9 549 2 3 £2162 16 0 31 The Committee, in presenting their Report to the Society, are much gratified in being able to notice the steady increase in the receipts of the Society, indicating as it does a greater appreciation on the part of the Public of the attractions of the Collection, and, it is to be hoped, an increased interest in the study of Zoology. On the other hand, they regret to find that with an increase of £606 over the Income of 1848, and of £1006 over that of 1847, it has been found necessary further to diminish the funded property of the Society by the sale of £700 Stock, which was, by a recommendation of the last Committee of Audit, limited to a minimum of £5000, “except under cir- cumstances of extraordinary pressure.” . The Liabilities are greater by £412, 7. e. £2162 for 1849, against £1750 for 1848, £291 of which is for unclaimed Rent of the house in Hanover Square; the Commiittee strongly recommend this sum and the accruing rent to be set apart and invested to meet the demand whenever it may be legally made. The Assets are £809 less, z.e. £3932 for 1849, against £4741 in 1848. ; The Garden Sales have greatly increased this year, but this of course is an exceptional case and cannot be looked to for Income. The Collection of Animals in the Gardens has unfortunately been diminished by the death of the Bison, the Rhinoceros, and some other valuable specimens; but many Animals have been added by the munificent gifts of several friends of the Society (the cost of transport of which forms a considerable item in the Expenditure); the Value of the Collection may therefore be taken as at least equal to the last Estimate. The Committee have great pleasure in noticing the dimis _ nished cost for Provisions; although the number of Animals is _ considerably augmented ; as this is necessarily one of the large _ items of Expenditure; every saving consistent with the proper keep of the Animals is most satisfactory. The increase in the number of Elections of new Fellows is also a source of congratulation and another proof of the greater attraction of the Society; but nevertheless, from deaths and resignations during the last year, the numbers have been re- _ duced by seventy, which, although much below the average _ of the last few years, is still a strong argument in favour of _ enforcing the most rigid economy and curtailing every expense 32 that will not interfere with the efficacy and usefulness of the Establishment. The increased number of Visitors*to the Gardens is also deserving of especial notice, being 25,265 above 1848, and 75,349 above 1847. As this increase consists not only of Fellows and their friends, but also of the Public in general, the Committee have to congratulate the Council on the com- plete success of the measure for admitting the Public on Mon- days and Holidays at a reduced rate. They are moreover strongly of opinion, that an elementary and popular course of Lectures at the Gardens would be the means of greatly in- creasing the receipts and at the same time carry out more completely the intentions of the founders of this Society, by diffusing information on and facilitating the study of Zoology. The Committee refer with much gratification to one ex- ample of judicious expenditure, the Reptile House, which at the small cost of £240 has vastly increased the attraction of the Gardens, and been not only useful to the student of Natural History, but conducive to the healthful preservation of the specimens. The Pieamnitize are of opinion that in all probability the receipts would have been much greater but for the lamentable visitation of last Autumn, which sensibly affected the pros- perity of all large undertakings, more especially those places of recreation usually visited by the Public at that period: they hope therefore, should no unforeseen contingency arise, and the present system of efficient and active management be carried on with judicious economy, having a due regard to income and a proper supervision of the expenditure, that the Society will be placed in a permanent and flourishing condition. In conclusion, they have to notice with much commendation the exact and concise manner in which the accounts have been kept and placed before them by the Accountant, Mr. Leigh. LIONEL BOOTH. JOHN VAN VOORST. EDWARD NEWMAN. EDW. GREENAWAY. W. EWER. GEORGE DANIELL. ROBERT TUBBS. 11 Hanover Square, March 18, 1850. PRESEATED 24 APR. 1908 i i REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 297n, 1851. = sed Neo aes LONDON: PRINTED BY RICHARD TAYLOR, aa p RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET, Ly A 1851. ay VOILA ; PAE etd AON a 1% REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. - Tux Council of the Zoological Society, in accordance with the provisions of the Charter, have prepared their Twenty- second Annual Report upon the affairs of the Society, and the principal events which have occurred since the last Anniversary. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. MEMBERS. a. Fellows and Annual Subscribers. The number of Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual Sub- scribers at the present time amounts to 1642, of which the following is a summary :— Have Compounded, paying £20 . . 308 Ditto ditto £30 .. 152 Pay annual contributions of £2 . . 538 Ditto ditto ay os na too Dormant SRM Sse eng cs. e = hae Admission Fees unpaid . . . . .- 8 Annual Subscribers, paying £3. . 19 —- 1642 Of these, 45 have been elected since the last Anniversary, and 3 have been re-admitted under the provision of the Bye-Laws, Chap. I. sect. 9. , _— number of deaths during the same period has been B 4/; __. The number of resignations has been 24. There are 7 Candidates for the Fellowship. The number of Elections is the largest, and the number _ of Resignations is the smallest which has been recorded _ during the last ten years. ‘lhe actual decrease in the number of Fellows borne on the books of the Society is only 13. t a B2 4 2, FINANCES. a. Income. The great financial object to which the efforts of the Council nave been directed during the last four years, has been the increase of Income. The results of the policy which they have steadfastly pur- sued, at first with moderate, but always with encouraging success, have now placed the pecuniary resources of the Society upon a firm basis, with every prospect of a still greater advance during the current year. The gross Income of 1850 having amounted to £14,957 10s. 5d. gives the remarkable increase of £6186 Os. 9d. over 1849, £6792 9s. 2d. over 1848, £7191 14s. 11d. over 1847. The analysis of the Income of 1850 presents the follow- ing subjects of remark. The only head under which a decrease of any importance has taken place is that of Susscriprions, in which how- ever it only amounts to £138 17s. In the income derivable from Admission Fees and Life Compositions there is an increase of £260, which affords a gratifying proof of confidence in the improving state of the Society’s affairs. It is therefore hoped by the Council that as the extension of Fellows’ Privileges become more widely known, and as the objects of the Society are more tho- roughly appreciated, a still stronger impulse may be given to this essential source of prosperity. The products of the sale of Duplicate Animals have, as anticipated in the last report, considerably exceeded those of 1849, the total amount received under this head being £724 7s.. This sum is to be regarded as a fund in aid of the expenditure for acquisitions; for it is in consequence of the accumulation of novelties which the Council have been enabled to secure, that this element of income has been developed to its present importance. In the sum derived from the sale of the Society’s Pus- LICATIONS there is an increase of £73 16s. 2d., and there is no doubt, from the favourable manner in which they have been received, that during the present year this item ee 5 will be found susceptible of still more considerable im- provement. The characteristic increase which has had so important an effect upon the finances of the Society is however to be found in the sums contributed by the public ror ADMISSION TO THE GARDENS. The sum of £10,462 9s. having been derived from this source presents the remark- able increase of £5810 19s. over the receipts of 1849, and of £6935 18s. 6d. over those of 1847, which were the smallest ever taken, while it is only exceeded by those of 1831 (£11,425), which are the largest. As the receipts of the current year from the Ist of Ja- nuary, notwithstanding the unfavourable weather in March, already exceed those of the corresponding period of 1850 by £262, it is confidently hoped that the flourishing con- dition of the Institution is now so extensively known, and public interest so thoroughly awakened in its favour, that this source of income is preserved from the adverse fluc- tuations which had formerly influence over it. The total number of Visitors to the Gardens in 1850 was 360,402, viz.: _ Privileged. : ‘ ; : a‘ f On ordinary days, at 1s. each. 117,672 Pavine On Mondays, at 6d. each . . 160,496 y™3 Children under 12 years of age BEE. brine jedi sires partion! (ehi, 223009 59,575 300,827 360,402 The increase in the number of Visitors, as compared with 1849, was 191,507, as seen by the following state- ment :-— In 1849. In 1850. Increase. Privileged ...sscessceveeeees 33,998 59,575 95,577 Paying on ordinary days} 51,163 | 117,672 | 66,509 Do. on Mondays......| 72,160 | 160,496 | 88,336 Children @eeeeseet cesses ees 11,574 22,659 11,085 168,895 | 360,402 [191,507 6 b. Expenditure. The remarkable increase of income has in some respects been the cause, and in others the result, of the increase of expenditure. The total increase of payments in 1850 as compared with 1849 is £4003 Os. 5d., but the liabilities at the close of the year were reduced from £2162 to £862, and there has been an increase of Assets effected in permanent buildings and the value of the collection of living animals to at least the amount of the remaining £2703. As the receipts exceeded the payments by £1373 14s. 11d., and the liabilities were reduced by £1300; it results that the actual surplus of 1850, notwithstanding the liberal expenditure above-mentioned, amounted to no less than £2673. As it may be satisfactory to the Society to analyse the particulars of this increase of expenditure, the Council de- sire to remark, that under the item of £1180 14s. for the Cost oF Awitans, there is an increase of £474 17s.; under the item of £1025 10s. 7d. for the CARRIAGE OF ANI- MALS, there is an increase of £463 9s. 2d.; and under the item of £600 13s. 2d. for miscellaneous MrenacERiz Ex- PENSES, there is an increase of £192 9s.10d. The immense addition to the value of the Living Collection, which will be noticed hereafter in the Report upon the Menagerie, would justify much larger amounts, and the Council have therefore to congratulate the Society upon their having been able to expend these sums with such manifest ad- vantage. In the item of £1169 3s. 10d. for permanent Bu1LpIN@s, there is an apparent increase over 1849 of £576 1s. 6d., which arises from a portion of the expenditure of that year having been carried into the arrears, which were paid off in the commencement of 1850. The amount which ap- pears in the balance-sheet includes the cost of all the work of this description executed in 1850, and has secured to the Society the House for the Hippopotamus, the centre part of the great Aviary, and the additions to the small Quadruped House. In the item of £308 8s. for the expenses of the Bann, there is an increase of £158 8s. 4d. in consequence of the prolonged period during which the services of Mr. Wad- 7 dell were employed, with the general approbation of the Fellows who frequented the Saturday Meetings. The item of £327 9s. 6d. for ADVERTISEMENTS is fully accounted for by the numerous and important announce- ments which the state of the Institution rendered it neces- sary to make public. In the items of £62 12s, 7d., and £279 18s. 11d. for the production of the Society’s PuBLICATIONS, there is an in- crease of £189 Os. 1d., which the Council feel confident will be entirely approved of by those who duly consider the im- portance of publishing the scientific labours of Naturalists and Physiologists in a manner which is worthy of the Au- thors and of the Society to which they are offered. Upon the item of £147 for Graruitizs the Council desire to remark, that having in the month of December last taken into consideration the additional labour brought upon the persons in the Society’s employment, from the extension of its objects,—the great improvement in the Income,—-as well as the rate to which the Salaries had been reduced in 1845, in consequence of the diminution of In- come at that period; they thought it right, in the altered circumstances of their labour and of the Society’s financial position, to present Gratuities to the above-mentioned amount, in sums proportioned to their length of service, to the whole of the persons so employed, in proof of the Coun- cil’s appreciation of their good conduct, and of the identity of their interests with the prosperity of the Institution. c. Assets and Liabilities. In the Casu Assets of the Society at the termination of the year 1850, there was an increase of £1373 14s. 11d. These Assets consisted of £795 14s. 7d. Cash at the Bankers, and £4510 13s. 4d. paid for £5000 reduced 3 per cent. stock, exclusive of £410 1s. 6d. Consols, purchased to meet the liability of the Society for arrears of Rent due for their House in Hanover Square, but for which there is at present no legal claimant. , The Liapiuittss of the Society at the same period were £862 4s. 8d., and consisted solely of current bills, which could not be paid until the month of January. The prospects of the Society are such, notwithstanding the necessarily large expenditure incurred for the present. 8 peculiar period, that the Council feel authorized in locking forward to a surplus which will enable them to make fur- ther additions to the Reserve Fund before the expiration of the year. The Council beg here to record their thanks to the Com- mittees of Audit and Finance, for the valuable services which they have rendered to the Society in the several de- partments of business which have been referred to them. II. PUBLICATIONS. The Proceedings for the year 1850 contain many valu- able papers, which fully maintain the character of the pre- vious volumes: and the number of interesting species here described for the first time have occupied 45 plates in their illustration. The distribution of these is as follows :— Plates. Diammalas oy ao Me ea Le PE ES ORE eg TE ES | / Pisces . es eae eae Nh oes Raptilia > st piel oust Ye shio® ee AUIS Gee We aay oer Wee Le MoWunéd. coors ouxic's wisn eehee ke 2D The First Part of the Fourth Volume of the Transac- tions has been published. The Second Part is in the Press, and will contain Papers by Professor Owen on the Anatomy of the Rhinoceros; by Dr. Mantell and Mr. Gould on the discovery of a living species of Notornis in New Zealand; and a continuation of Professor Owen’s previous papers on the extinct wingless birds of that country. Monthly Report. In compliance with the wishes of several Fellows of the Society, and in the belief that such intelligence may be usefully communicated at less distant intervals than the An- niversary Meetings, the Council have directed the Secre- tary to issue every month during the ensuing summer a short report upon the additions to the Collection and other 9 topics of general interest in the progress of the Society’s affairs. The first of these reports was transmitted to the So- ciety in the current month. III. LIBRARY. A List of Books contained in the Library of the Society has been prepared for Press, and will be transmitted to the Fellows when printed. In circulating this List, the object of the Council is not only to inform the Society of the actual works in their pos- session, but to enable those Members, Authors, and others who are desirous of contributing to this important, although hitherto neglected branch of the Society’s collection, to he- come acquainted with the desiderata, which, if supplied, would render it a thoroughly efficient aid to the critical study of Zoology. The principal Donartons to the Library since the last Anniversary consist of Transactions and Proceedings from The Royal Society of Sciences of Gottingen. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich. The Academy of Sciences of Paris. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Copenhagen. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin. The Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Breslau. L’Institut Royal des Pays Bas. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm. The American Philosophical Society. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. The Entomological Society of London. _ Mémoires, Journals, Bulletins, Annals, and Reports have also been received from The Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg. The Agricultural Society of Lyons. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Brussels. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. The Academy of Sciences of Lyons. ' The Entomological Society of France. The Museum of Natural History of Paris. The Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Moscow. 10 The Franklin Institute. The Academy of Sciences of Montpellier. The National Academy of Metz. ; The Natural History Society of the Department of the Moselle. The Boston Society of Natural History. The Lyceum of Natural History of New York. The Geological Society of Dublin. The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain. The Royal Agricultural Society of England. The Geological Society. The Horticultural Society. The British Association for the Advancement of Science. Donations have also been received from M. Guerin-Mé- neville; M. Weibel; M. Haidinger; Dr. Mantell; Dr. Cantor; Jacob Bell, Esq., M.P.; Dr. Leidy; T. Rupert Jones, Esq.; W. E. C. Nourse, Esq.; P. Kernan, Esq. 3 A, Adams, Esq., R.N.; E. Newman, Esq.; F. Crisp, Esq. ; the Editor of the Atheneum Journal; the Publishers of the Literary Gazette ; and the Athenzeum Club. IV. MUSEUM. The reasons stated in the last Report have withheld the Council from making any considerable additions to the Museum; but the Collection has been carefully attended to with a view to the continued preservation of the spe- cimens. The Animals which have died in the Menagerie and have not been retained in possession of the Society, have been distributed to the British Museum, the Royal College of Surgeons, and various Provincial Museums, where it is believed that the interests of Science have been effectually consulted. Vv. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. 1. Works AND REPAIRS.” In directing the Repairs which the great extent of the Society’s Property renders annually unavoidable, the at- tention of the Council has been carefully applied to the opportunities thus afforded for improving the facilities for 11 proper management of the Collection of Living Animals, as well as for effectually providing against dilapidation in the buildings themselves. ‘The first work of importance undertaken in the year 1850 was THe Eastern Wine of the Girarre House, prepared in anticipation of the arrival of the Hipropora- mus. This structure was carefully considered with refer- ence to the primary object of preserving the Animal in health, and in this respect it has perfectly succeeded. The limits which the Council assigned to it were such as ap- peared to them sufficient for this purpose, and they were unwilling to incur a greater outlay than was absolutely necessary before the certainty of the intended inhabitant’s arrival could be known. To obviate, as far as possible, the inconveniences to which Visitors were subjected during the summer of 1850 from the inadequate dimensions of the portion of the house de- voted to spectators, the Council have constructed a Tanx in the open air, 33 feet square and of suitable depth, com- manded by platforms, from which they calculate that about 1000 Persons will be able to see the Hippopotamus at the same time. Among other additions to the accommodation for Ani- mals which were effected in 1850, the Council refer to the improved state of the SmaLL QuApruprep Hovuss in the North Garden, and to the Inclosures in the open air which are now connected with it. A very interesting Miscella- neous Collection is displayed in them, and their dimensions aré such as to admit of that scope for exercise which is so essentially requisite for health. Ten Sueps and Incuosures for Antilopes and the smaller species of Deer have been erected at a very mode- rate cost on the South side of the Museum, and contain, with those which previously existed in the same locality, about thirty specimens from India, Brazil, North America and West Africa, which have passed the winter there with- out a single loss. The great financial success which has been already noticed as distinguishing the summer of 1850, and the consideration of the peculiar circumstances of the coming summer, confirmed the opinion of the Council as to the desirableness of thoroughly developing the manifold at- tractions of which the Garden Establishment is capable. 12 With this view they therefore determined on completing the Great Aviary which was commenced in 1848, and of which the plan had consequently been well tested by experience. The great attraction to Visitors which is presented by the Collection of Carnivora, rendered some provision for their accommodation absolutely necessary on the South side of the Terrace. The Bank which formerly existed there has consequently been converted into two raised walks of 6 and § feet in width respectively, with easy ap- proaches and an exit at the Western end. It is calculated that this improvement will admit of nearly 3000 persons standing in front of the Terrace Dens at one time. The Society being now in possession of a most charac- teristic Collection of the larger Rapactous Birps, which have never been suitably exhibited, an Aviary, which will contain at least twenty species, has been erected in the vicinity of the Collection of Carnivora. This building presents a combined frontage of 180 feet, 90 feet in each tront, with a height in the wired inclosures of 12 feet and 20 feet respectively. The increasing Collection of RepriLes having urgently required an extension of room, a length of forty-two feet has been added to the cases in which they are exhibited, with such improvements in their accommodation as the size of the house and the convenience of Visitors would admit. The Wauxks throughout the Garden have been put into a substantial state of repair, which was imperatively required by the immense increase of friction to which they have latterly been subjected. The principal Walks have been widened ; and generally, every provision has been made towards placing the establishment in a creditable and ef- fective condition during the season which is now on the eve of commencement. In still further aid, however, of this intention, the Council have availed themselves of an opportunity which has presented itself of illustrating in a novel and instructive manner, one of the most interesting and beautiful groups in nature, which has hitherto defied all attempts in the Vivarium, and which it is almost impossible that any future attempts can realise. In the celebrated collection of TrocHiLip&, or Hummine-Birps, which Mr. Gould 13 has brought together as materials for the Monograph which he is preparing, the Council have found, as they believe, the most extraordinary special Museum which has yet appeared in any country. The fame which Mr. Gould has deservedly acquired by his Works on European, Australian and Asiatic Ornithology, has already attached to his present undertaking the universal attention of Na- turalists who cultivate this particular branch of science, and there is every reason to believe that no more acceptable object of this kind can be offered to them than an oppor- tunity of visiting and studying this unequalled Collection. The Building which has been erected for the reception of Mr. Gould’s Collection during the next six months is now nearly completed, and the whole of the arrangements will probably be matured by the 15th of May. The remuneration to Mr. Gould for exhibiting this valuable property during the period above mentioned, and for erecting the Building, will be secured by a payment which he is to receive from Visitors who are not Members of the Society. This pay- ment is to be sixpence from each person. Fellows of the Society accompanied by the two friends, whom they have the power of introducing personally into _ the Gardens, will have admission without payment. It is believed that the low charge which Mr. Gould has fixed will be cheerfully paid by the public, and will yet be suffi- cient to check the overwhelming crowd which might be attracted to the room if it was open without any restriction. 2. MENAGERIE. The annals of the Menagerie will perhaps never again present so remarkable an event as that which has peculiarly characterized the interval since the last Anniversary. _ At that time there still existed some doubt as to the _ possibility of rivalling the operations of the Roman Circus by the transport of a living Hiprororamus from the banks _ of the Nile. It happened fortunately for this Society that no unforeseen accident intervened to mar the arrangements which were made for effecting this operation with success. The constant interest, activity, and skill with which the Hon. C. A. Murray, notwithstanding the serious cares of his official position, promoted the objects of the Society in _ Egypt, have placed the Institution under an obligation to 14 him, which every Member of the Society must appreciate, and which deserves the most emphatic expression of grati- tude. It is already well known to the Society that his tem- porary return from Egypt fortunately coincided with the period which had been fixed on for the transport of the Hippopotamus, and that he gave his personal superinten- dence to the circumstances of the voyage. ‘To his watch- ful care, to the liberality of the Directors of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, to the attention of Capt. Moresby and the Officers of the “ Ripon,” and to the faithful services of Hamet Saafi Cannana, the Society is mainly indebted for the results which placed the now world-celebrated gift of the Viceroy in its present position, and raised the collection of Pachydermata to a point of value and interest which it had never previously ap- proached. Independently of the peculiar claims on public atten- tion which exist in this extraordinary animal, the renown, which the possession of him secures to the Society, has been the means of placing the value, usefulness, and beauty of the General Collection rightly before the Public. In the engrossing interest with which this great acquisi- tion is regarded, the General Collection is not to be lightly passed over; for the Council have never lost sight of the necessity of continuing by every means in their power to secure whatever new form can possibly be transported to this country in illustration of the various organization of Animal Creation. And it is therefore with peculiar satis- faction that they find their endeavours in this direction meet with constantly recurring sympathy among residents in the Colonies, among Men of Science in the most distant regions, and among the most powerful Princes. The illustrious patronage with which Her Majesty and His Royal-Highness Prince Albert have always favoured the Society is still continued to it, both by personal visits and by gracious gifts. It is a subject of sincere regret that the magnificent specimen of Jestudo Elephaniopus, which was presented by Her Majesty in August last, and which was a source of wonder and interest to many thou- sands of her subjects during the autumn, has not survived the winter, although every possible precaution was taken to secure its safety. The other donations with which Her a 15 Majesty has honoured the Society, subsequent to the year 1845, are still conspicuous ornaments of the Collection. _ Her Majesty the Queen of Portugal honoured the Soci- ety in September last, by the presentation of a Lioness from - Mozambique, which is one of the finest animals in the Collection. The value of Her Most Faithful Majesty’s support is increased by the gracious terms in which her desire to promote the success of the Society was expressed, and this condescension on the part of Her Most Faithful Majesty induces the Council. to hope that they may now obtain further illustrations of the zoology of that interesting region of south-eastern Africa which is in possession of the Government of Portugal. In point of instructive value, none of the acquisitions since the last Anniversary are more deserving of notice in this place than the pair of Thylacines presented by Mx, Ronald Gunn and Dr. Grant of Van Diemen’s Land. The extreme rarity of this animal, and the difficulties which must intervene between its capture and arrival in this country, have hitherto prevented even an attempt to obtain it. Its peculiar relations to existing and extinct forms render it equally interesting to the paleontologist and zo- ologist, and it is not too much to say that the zeal and liberality of these gentlemen deserve the warmest thanks which the Society can offer. Collections have been received from Ceylon through the obliging care of Alexander Grace, Eisq.,late Deputy Queen’s Advocate in that island ; from Trinidad, by the gift of Lord Harris ; from the Cape, by the gift of Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Smith, Bart.; and a most valuable collection is now in transit from Singapore, for which the Society is indebted to the liberality of Lieut.-Colonel Butterworth, C.B. The admirable arrangements which this gentleman has made to secure his gifts from the accidents of the voyage, give every prospect for anticipating the safe arrival ___ of at least the greater part of it. : ) The Council have great pleasure in adverting to the fact that Lord Harris has again formed a very important and extensive collection, illustrative of the zoology of Trinidad and the adjacent portion of the continent of South America, which he has presented to the Society, and which will be conveyed to England in the Royal Mail steamers of May and June next, 16 The Council cannot refrain from reporting, that, among other promises of assistance, they have received the grati- fying announcement of the gift of a pair of Tigers, which have been despatched to England for the Society by His Highness the Guicowar of Baroda. The important rank which His Highness holds among the Princes of Western India, and the power which he possesses of enriching the Menagerie from his own extensive collection, give a claim for the thanks of the Society to Mr. Shaw, Mr. Davis and Col. Outram, through whose interest the favour of His Highness has been conciliated. The improved state of the Buildings in the Garden con- tinues to influence most favourably the general health of the Collection; and as the Council have had the satisfac- tion of receiving and accepting a proposal from Her Ma- jesty’s Commissioners of Woods to drain the whole of the land occupied by the Society, in connection with a most complete plan for the DrainaGE or THE REGENT’S Park in November next, they have reasonable grounds for expecting that one of the most fertile causes of disease in the Menagerie will henceforth be extensively diminished, if not entirely removed, as was urged upon the Commis- sioners in the Memorial which the Council addressed to their Board in 1848. Some interesting data are furnished by the following List oF Speciss (29) WHICH HAVE BRED IN THE MENAGERIE, 1850-51. MAMMALIA. Vervet Monkey. Rhesus Monkey. Brown Bear. Zebu with Danta Bull. Angora Goat. Alpaca, Hog Deer. Axis Deer. Sambur Deer. Chinchilla. Lemming. . WV BIRDS. Goura coronata, with G. Victoria. Gold Pheasant. Silver Pheasant. Gallus eneus, with Game hens. Capercailzie. ; Chinese Ring-necked Pheasant. Ph. torquatus. Hybrid Ph. versicolor, with Ph. colchicus. Black Swan. Cereopsis Goose. Sandwich Island Goose. Egyptian Goose. Bean Goose, hyb. Pintail. Tufted Duck. Castaneous Duck, with Tufted Duck. Gadwall. _ Teal. Herring Gull. Considering that upwards of 180 have been included in Reports at the last three Anniversaries, the Council have reason to congratulate the Society upon the following List of SPECIES EXHIBITED FOR THE First TIME IN 1850-1851. MAMMALIA. QUADRUMANA. Yellow-handed Capuchin. Cebus S. America. CaRNIVORA. Egyptian Wild Cat. Felis chaus, Guld. Egypt. _ Abyssinian Genet. Genetia pallida, Gray. Abyssinia, Smith’sIchneumon. Herpestes Smithii, Gray. Ceylon. Red Ichneumon, n. sp. Herpestes ? Ceylon. American Sable. Martes leucopus (Kuhl). N. America. -Black-backed Jackal. Canis mesomelas, Schreb. S. Africa. _ Ruminantta. Egyptian Ibex. Capra nubiana, F, Cuvier. Egypt. c 18 Brown Brocket. Coassus nemorivagus, F.Cuy. Brazil. Red Brocket, n. sp. Coassus auritus, Gray. Brazil. Hog Deer, n. sp.? Hyelaphus ? Ceylon. Barking Deer. Muntjacus vaginalis (Bodd.). Nipal. Persian Gazelle. Antilope subgutturosa, Guld. . Babylon. PACHYDERMATA. Hippopotamus. Hippopotamus amphibius, Linn. White Nile. Hyrax. Hyraz capensis (Linn.). 8. Africa. RopDENTIA. Desert Rat. Gerbillus melanurus, Riipp. Egypt. Desert Rat. Gerbillus tenuis, A. Smith? Egypt. MARSUPIATA. Dog-headedThylacine. Thylacinus cynocephalus(Harris). Van Diemen’s Land, BIRDS. RapToREs. Black Vulture. Cathartes aura (Linn.). 8S. America. Chimango. Milvago chimango (Vieill.). S. America. Australian Goshawk. Astur Nove-hollandie (Gm.). N. S. Wales. Red Hawk. Morphnus meridionalis (Lath.). S. America. Lesser Harpy. Morphnus cristatus, Less. S. America. Ketupa Owl. Ketupa ceylonensis (Gm.). Ceylon. INSESSORES. Cow-Bunting. Dolichonyz orizivorus. N. America. Black Oriole. Agelaius ? N. America. , Yellow-shouldered Whydah. Vidua azillaris? W. Africa. Orange-billed Whydah. Viduaprincipalis? W. Africa. ScANSORES. Cuckoo. Hudynamis orientalis (Linn.). Java? CoLuMBz. Tree Pigeon. Treron psitiacea (Temm.)? Ceylon. 19 RasoreEs. Penelope. Penelope ——? n. sp.? S. America. Polyplectron. Polyplectron bicalcaratum (Linn.). India, _ Horsfield’s Pheasant. Gallophasis Horsfieldii, G. R. Gray. India. Jerooftee. Francolinus ponticerianus (Gm.). S. Persia. Sand Grouse. Pferocles alchata (Linn.). Algeria. GRALLATORES. Turnstone. Strepsilas interpres (Linn.). N. America. Wattled Crane. Grus carunculata (Gm.). _ S. Africa, Jabiru. Mycteria americana, Linn. S. America. - Dunlin. Tringa cinclus, Linn. Kent. NATATORES. Bar-headed Goose. Anser indicus, Gm. India. Magellanic Goose. Bernicla inornata, King? S. America. White-winged Casarca. Casarca leucoptera, Blyth. India. Dusky Duck. Anas obscura, Gmel. N. America. Blue-winged Teal. Querguedula discors (Linn.). N. America. REPTILES. Coluber ——? “ Bush-master.” Demerara. Coluber > © Rat-snake.” Calcutta. Coluber Clifford (Schlegel). Egypt. Eryz jaculus (Daudin). Keypt. Trigonocephalus cenchris, Schlegel. S. Carolina. Iguana delicatissima (Laur.). Barbadoes. Crocodilus rhombifer (Cuvier). Cuba. Independent of these, which are absolutely new to the Collection, many important species have been replaced in it under more favourable circumstances than formerly. Among them may be particularly mentioned the Quacea, BurcuHEeLu’s Zesra, Rein-Dezr, Sutoru, Syrian BeAr, and the ManpaRIn Duck. It is certain that many valuable forms will be added during the present year, and it is confidently believed that the correspondence and widely extended reputation which the Society now enjoys, will continue to bring together c2 20 from all parts of the world new subjects for our study and our admiration as long as the Society evinces a desire to promote the cultivation of science, and a proper apprecia- tion of the labours of the collector. The Council have the pleasure to record many distin- guished names which occur for the first time in the fol- lowing List or Donors TO THE MENAGERIE. Her Masesty THE QUEEN. A Gigantic Land Tortoise, and Two Thibet Sheep. Her Masesty THE QUEEN OF PORTUGAL. A Lioness. His Higuness Aspnas Pasna. AHrprorotramus,aLioness, a Cheetah, an Ibex, and a Wild Sow. The Lord Harris, Governor of Trinidad. Two Humboldi’s Monkeys, a Capuchin Monkey, Three White-headed Guans, and Two Crested Guans. Lt.-Gen. Sir Harry Smith, Bart., G.C.B. &c. &e. A Lioness. The Hon. East India Company. A Ram from Thibet. The Lady Frankland Russell, A Great Northern Diver. The Viscount Canterbury. A Malbrouck Monkey. The Chey. Pinto de Soveral. Two Goats. The American Minister. A Black Bear. William Grace, Esq., H.M. Consul at Mogadore. A Goat, Two Snakes, and Thirteen Scorpions. Alex. Elphinston, Esq., Hon. E.1.C. Civil Service. A Benneti’s Antelope (white variety). Capt. Gimblett, F.Z.S. Two Uran Utans. W. C. Kitchener, Esq. 4 A Rhesus Monkey. q James Herne, Esq., F.Z.S._ A Dog from the North Pole. —— Arbon, Esq. A Green Monkey. Capt. Chichester. 4 Vervet Monkey. French, Esq. A Four-horned Sheep. Lieut. Piers, R.N. A Guinea Baboon. Sir T. Dyke Acland, Bart., M.P., F.Z.S. Two Exmore Ponys. ' D. Robertson, Esq. Two Jackals. J. N. Higginbottom, Esq. A Peccary. Sear, Esq., R.N. A Banded Ichneumon. R. Burdon, Esq. Three Badgers. Mrs. Smith. Two Axis Deer. Sir George Carroll, F.Z.S. A Bonneted Monkey. H. A. Slade, Esq. A Grey Ichneumon. Hubert de Burgh, Esq., F.Z.S. A. Tail-less Cat. Robert Stedman, Esq. Two Common Squirrels. E. D. Dickson, Esq., Corresponding Member. A Goat. ~W. C. Domvile, Esq., F.Z.S. Five Rein Deer, Thirteen Lemmings, and Two Gannets. W.Rashleigh, Esq. 4 Brown Coati Mondi. J. Diggle, Esq. An Australian Dog. Lieut. Taylor, R.N. A Marmozet Monkey. Lieut. Stokes, 1st W. I. Regt. Two White-nosed Monkeys. Capt. Hingston, 3rd W. I. Regt. A Green Monkey. K. T. Drax, Esq. anaes ae al £15,354 10 | mo if ae eat Wages PEE) a? hi 9" os? oF aoc * ky geist s Se Gee AS, ge RS at 3, & ees Printed by Richard Taylor, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, ee ee Ee es Thee oe REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE - ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 297u, 1852. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1852. REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. Tue Annual Report, which, in accordance with the pro- visions of their Charter, the Council of the Zoological So- ciety now present to the Fellows, will be found to contain some of the most remarkable results which have yet been recorded in the progress of their affairs. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. MEMBERS. a. Election of the President. On the 2nd of July, 1851, the distinguished nobleman who for twenty years had been successively re-elected President of the Society, expired at Knowsley, a place which, through his labours, will long remain celebrated in the literature of Zoology. The late Earl of Derby was intimately connected with the Society from its first foundation, in which Sir Hum- phry Davy, Sir Stamford Raffles, the late Earl of Auck- land, and other friends of science co-operated with him. On the retirement of the Marquis of Lansdowne from the President’s chair, the Earl of Derby, at the solicitation of the Council, consented to accept the vacant office, and be continued to take an active part in the management of the Institution until the state of his health compelled him to reside at Knowsley during the greater part of the year. , t In his retirement there, however, he was constantly oc- i cupied in the promotion of his favourite study, and, ‘ especially during the latter years of his life, maintained a | constant correspondence with the Secretaries on the busi- ness of the Society, whose prosperity he was ever anxious to promote both by his advice and by his influence. k The gradual amelioration of its finances, the improve- i. A2 4 ments which have been effected in the Garden Establish- ment, and the immense increase of the Collection, were constant subjects of gratification to him} and he warmly participated in the views of the Council which have led to these satisfactory results. In evidence of this feeling, his Lordship left a memo- randum expressive of his wish that his successor, the pre- sent Earl of Derby, should permit the selection from the Menagerie at Knowsley of whatever species among the living animals there, might appear to be most desirable for the Society’s Collection at the time of his death. In accordance with this desire of the late President, who expressly stated that he intended this selection to extend to the whole of the specimens of any one species, the pre- sent Earl of Derby placed at the Society’s disposal a herd of five Elands, which will be noticed more particularly in that part of the Report which relates to the state of the Menagerie. The death of the Earl of Derby having occurred at a period of the year so distant from this Anniversary, the Council proceeded, in accordance with the provision of the Charter, which was framed with a view to such emergency, to the election of a successor; and they are happy to be able to announce that they were so fortunate as to obtain the assent of H.R.H. Prince Albert to their request, that he would honour the Society by accepting the vacant office of their President. b. Fellows and Annual Subscribers. The number of Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual Sub- scribers at the present time amounts to 1650. Of these, there are Compounders, paying £20. . . . 299 Ditto ha ae 22 | | panies SM a Paying annual contributionsof £2 . . 510 Ditto Ti a 2 RAPS PAE se eee ie et Sis io Admission Fees unpaid .... . 16 Ditto PEMONEL CG: ou oe ia ce 4 Annual Subscribers, paying £3 . . . 27 5 Of these, 64 have been elected since the last Anniversary, and 2 have been re-admitted under the provision of the Bye-Laws, Chap. I. sect. 9. The number of deaths during the same period has been 48. The number of resignations has been 10. There are 9 Candidates for the Fellowship; and there is an increase of 24 in the number of elections since the 1st of January as compared with the first four months of 1851. 2. FINANCES. a. Income. In the Report which was presented by the Council at the last Anniversary, they stated that the results of the policy which they had adopted had then placed the pecu- niary resources of the Society upon a firm basis, with every prospect of a still greater advance during the current year of 1851. This statement has been thoroughly confirmed by sub- sequent events. The gross Income of 1851 amounted to £26,452 19s. 1ld., and gives an increase of £11,496 over 1850, £17,682 over 1849, £18,288 over 1848, £18,688 over 1847. The Council are well aware that avery considerable portion of this large increase over 1850 is referable to the peculiar circumstances of the Great Exhibition, which attracted so vast a concourse of provincial and foreign visitors to London during the year 1851. But they are equally convinced that the increased reputation which the present state of the Society’s Establishment has acquired by this means, throughout the Empire and throughout Europe, cannot fail to secure the continuance of a revenue derivable from popular support, which, taken in conjunction with the contributions of the Fellows themselves, will be sufficient to maintain the Collection in a vigorous and improving condition. The best evidence of the truth of this inference is 6 afforded by the results obtained during the Easter week which has just passed,—the total number of persons who visited the Gardens between April 12 and April 17 having been 16,176, of whom 8414 paid for admission on Easter Monday alone. The following Table presents a comparative statement of the receipts at the Garden Gate during Easter week in five of the most remarkable years :— Easter week. Receipts. Increase in favour of 1852. & ja s2y id: Gils. ar de 1852. 416 18 6 1851. 269 11 0 147 iy 6 1850. 193 13 0 223 5 6 1847. 113 #15 0 303 3 6 1831.* 204 10 0 212 8 6 The analysis of the Income of the Society presents the gratifying fact that the Apmission Frees and Lire Com- POSITIONS have maintained the improvement exhibited in 1850 as compared with preceding years: and there is very little doubt from the excess of elections (22) which have taken place since the 1st of January above the average of the last ten years, that the next Anniversary will show a still further advance. The amount of ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTIONS received for the year 1851 exhibits the unimportant decrease of £43 1s., which will probably be made good by the payment of arrears with the subscriptions of the current year. The sum produced by the sale of DupLicATE ANIMALS exhibits a decrease of £408 13s., partly in consequence of a portion of the payments on that account not having been received until after the 31st of December, and partly because the Society had not occasion to part with any large animal which would have commanded a similar price to that realized by the young Giraffe which was sold in 1850. The great increase of Income to which the funds of the Society owe their present successful develop- ment, is to be found in the payments of the public for ADMISSION TO THE GARDENS,—an indication of the * The gross receipts of this year for admissions were upwards of £11,000, 7 » + ie * 7 effectual dissemination of a taste for the pursuit of Natural History in its most popular and attractive form, which the Council record with the greatest satisfaction, and regard as a most convincing proof of the usefulness of the Society’s Establishment as a place of instruction as well as of refined recreation and amusement. The receipts in 1850 were . . . . . £10,462 9 O The receipts in 185l were. . . . . £22,248 3 6 The largest receipts previously to 1851, were taken in 1831, and amounted to £11,425 16 0 The amount in 1851 is therefore larger than the com- bined receipts of the two most prosperous years which had occurred since the foundation of the Society ; and they are equal to the combined receipts of the six least prosperous years, viz. 1842-1847 inclusive. The increase in the number of Visitors from the facilities now given to Fellows, and from the reduced price at which the Gardens are accessible to Children and to the Public on Mondays, renders the comparison between 1851 and 1831 still more interesting and instructive. 1831. 1851. |Increase. | | Privileged ......] 30,420 | 79,022 | 48,602 Public .0......006- 228,516 | 588,221 | 359,705 ———$—$__—— 258,936 | 667,243 | 408,307 or nearly 200 per cent. Of the total number of Visitors who paid for admission to the Gardens in 1851, there were On ordinary days, at 1s.each. 301,706 On Mondays, at 6d. each . . 245,801 Children under 12 years of age ab'Gad LAM Mio fianm 40,714 ———588,221 The increase in the number of Visitors, as compared 8 with 1849 and 1850, is further shown in the following statement :— Increase over 1849. 1850. 1851. 1849. 1850. —— Privileged .......0s-scscsess 33,998 | 59,575| 79,022|| 45,024] 19,447 Paying on ordinary days} 51,163) 117,672| 301,706 || 250,543) 184,034 Do. on Mondays ...... 72,160 | 160,496 | 245,801 || 173,641} 85,305 Children under 12 ...... 11,574} 22,659) 40,714|| 29,140) 18,055 168,895 | 360,402| 667,243-|| 498,348 | 306,841 | 6. Expenditure. The expenditure of the year 1851 under the ordinary heads amounted to £16,118. 6s. The receipts having amounted to £26,452. 19s. 11d., left a surplus of £10,334. 13s. 11d., which was applied in the following manner :— £4904 was invested in Government Securities. £3143 was devoted to an increased expenditure in permanent Buildings. £2089 in an increased expenditure in Animals. And the apoE £198 to increased amount of Advertise- ments. Making deduction of the above sums, the ordinary ex- penditure of the Society, incident to the enlarged state of the Collection and Establishment, has only been increased by £4883 3s. 6d., or less than one-half the amount of the increased receipts. The principal item under the head of Tar Cost or ANIMALS, AND THEIR CARRIAGE, which amounted to £4066 8s. 7d., is the price of the Elephant and Calf, which were purchased at the commencement of the summer. The extreme interest created by the possession of so young a specimen of this great Pachyderm has fully justified the decision of the Council by which it became the property of the Society. The dispersion of the great Collection at Knowsley afforded an opportunity of obtaining so many important species, that the Council would have failed in their duty had they not availed themselves of it. Their selection was necessarily limited by the means of accommodation possessed by the Society ; and they believe that the acqui- li ARE ae cers re 9 sition of 62 species and 120 specimens has been a good equivalent for the expenditure involved. The remaining payments under this head secured for the Society several important additions, which are. suf- ficiently indicated by the very long list of animals which have been exhibited for the first time; as well as by those rare species, not altogether new, which have now been re- placed in the Menagerie. There is an increase of £261 13s. over the preceding year in the expenditure of £862 6s. 2d. for MENAGERIE Expensgs, a miscellaneous head to which are referred straw, coal, police attendance and other charges, incidental to the maintenance of the collection of living animals, and the regulation of Visitors. But this increase is a necessary consequence of the extension of the Colleetion and the popu- larity of the Establishment. The large increase of payments for permanent Burip- INGS, which amount to £4312 5s. 3d., is sufficiently ex- plained by the number and extent of those which have been erected or completed within the year 1851; and in making this expenditure the Council are satisfied that they have consulted the best interests of the Society, both in giving effect to its operations and in increasing its property. Under the head of other Works, Repairs, and AuTERations, for which payments have been made to the extent of £3603 18s. 1d., are charged all such works as may not be strictly considered as investments, and the Council believe that the present highly improved state of the Gardens satisfactorily accounts for the sums which they have devoted to these purposes. The cost of Provistons amounted to £2399 7s., and notwithstanding the great increase of large animals in the Collection, presents an increase of £594 13s. 8d. only, over the expenditure of the preceding year. c. Assets and Liabilities. Tur Casu Assets of the Society at the close of the year 1851 consisted of— Money at the Bankers. . . . £357 9 O Paid for £10,000 red. 3 per cents £941416 4 £9772 5 4 10 The Lianixitres of the Society at the same time amounted to £1471 11s. 2d. The actual balance in favour of the Society was therefore £8301 5s. 4d., and presented an increase over Dec, sir oa0 ws as £3856 6 3 Dee-aiteto.... - «;eo¢e. | Ole Dec. 31,1848 ..... £4092 18 6 Adding to these assets in cash the increased value of the permanent Buildings and the increased value of the Collection of Living Animals, the whole result of the financial operations of the year 1851 is an increase of pro- perty to the amount of £12,093 2s. 5d. as compared with 1850. II. PUBLICATIONS. The Second Part of the Fourth Volume of the Transac- tions has been published. It contains 17 plates, which fully illustrate Professor Owen’s Monograph of the Anatomy of the Indian Rhino- ceros, and will afford the most valuable means of com- parison whenever opportunities occur of investigating the other great Pachydermatous forms in a similarly complete manner. This Part of the Transactions contains a continuation of Professor Owen’s observations on the fossil Birds of New Zealand; and a most interesting Paper by Dr. Mantell on the Discovery made by his son, of a living specimen of Notornis Mantelli, one of the species of which bones have occurred in juxtaposition with those of the extinct Moas or Dinornis. The Third and Fourth Parts of the Volume are in pre- paration, and will contain elaborate papers on the Cranium and general Osteology of the Great Chimpanzee, Troglo- dytes Gorilla, in continuation of Prof. Owen’s previous communications on the Anthropoid Apes in the First, Se- cond, and Third Volumes of the Transactions. The papers intended for publication in the Proceedings are fully equal in interest to those of former years, and will be illustrated by a series of plates, which, it is believed, are second to none which have hitherto appeared in the periodical literature of Zoology. Several Reports have been issued by the Secretary du- ring the past year on the general progress of the Collec- ee ll tion, and this series having been found generally useful, will be continued as occasion requires. III. LIBRARY. The increased Funds now at the disposal of the Council, will enable them to resume the gradual collection of a Library of Books on subjects connected with scientific Zoology: and they have reason to believe that a Collection of this kind, accessible to Members of the Society, and, under certain regulations, to authors engaged in zoo- logical investigations, will be of great and acknowledged utility. Impressed also with a sense of the great value of an accurate artistic record of the living form and expression of the rarer species of Animals which exist in the Menagerie, the Council have commenced the formation of a series of Drawings, for which the most interesting subjects will be selected, as the Animals successively arrive at perfection. The principal Donations to the Library since the last Anniversary consist of Transactions and Proceedings from The Royal Society. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. The Linnean Society of London. The Entomological Society of London. The Microscopical Society. The Royal Irish Academy. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The American Philosophical Society. L’Institut Royal des Pays Bas. The Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna. The Dutch Society at Haarlem. The Royal Society of Van Diemen’s Land. The University of Basle. The Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Breslau. The American Association for the Advancement of Science. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Portsmouth. 12 Mémoires, Journals, Bulletins, Annals, and Reports have also been received from The Royal Geographical Society of London. The Royal Agricultural Society of England. The Geological Society of London. The Horticultural Society of London. The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain. The British Association for the Advancement of Science. The Royal College of Physicians. The Geological Society of Dublin. The Leeds Philosophical Society. The Lyceum of Natural History of New York. The Franklin Institute. The Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg. The Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Moscow. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. The Museum of Natural History of Paris. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid. The Society of Natural Sciences of Zurich. The Society of Natural Sciences of the Canton of Vaud. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin. The Boston Society of Natural History. The Royal Institution of Cornwall. The Smithsonian Institution. The Hon. the East India Company. The Museum of Practical Geology. Donations have also been received from M. Guerin-Mé- neville; J. D. Dana, Esq.; Dr. Morton; Dr. Gibbes ; Dr. Warren; Sir Charles Lyell; W.S. Wall; Professor Bianconi; H.C. Lea, Esq.; W. W. Saunders, Esq.; Lieut. Maurys; Lovell Reeve, Esq.; Jacob Bell, Esq., M.P.; P. Kernan, Esq,; E. Newman, Esq.; F. Crisp, Esq. ; the Editor of the Athenzum Journal, and the Publishers of the Literary Gazette. IV. MUSEUM. The principal Donor to the Museum during the past year has been Lord Harris, who, in addition to the im- portant gifts with which he adorned the Menagerie, formed an extensive collection of preserved skins of Birds, chiefly with the object of illustrating the Ornithological fauna of > q 13 Trinidad. This Collection will form the subject of a paper for one of the coming Meetings of the Society, which has been undertaken by Mr. P. L. Sclater, F.Z.S. V. MR. GOULD’S COLLECTION OF HUMMING- BIRDS. The success of Mr. Gould’s Museum of Humming- Birds has fully equalled the expectations formed of it; upwards of 75,000 Visitors having taken advantage of the opportunity afforded them by this beautiful Collection being placed in the Gardens. Mr. Gould offered in the most liberal manner, on the expiration of the period for which his first arrangement had been made, to lend this Collection to the Society for twelve months longer, for the purpose of allowing them to be exhibited to the Visitors without any extra charge. The Council have therefore made preparations for carrying out Mr. Gould’s wish: and the Collection will be re-opened to the Fellows and their Friends on Saturday, May 8, and to the Visitors generally on Saturday, May 21. VI. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. 1. Burtpines, Works AnD REPAIRs. The improved system which has been found so benefi- cial in every respect in effecting substantial Repairs of the numerous minor Buildings in the Society’s Establishment, has been steadily adhered to during the past year: and in anticipation of the success which has since been realized, great efforts were made by the Council at the beginning of the season, to place every part of the Gardens in as favourable a state as the time and limits of their proposed expenditure would permit. The principal Repairs which have been executed, ex- tend to— 1. A general painting of Wood and Iron Work through- out the Gardens. 2. A general repair, re-gravelling and widening of the Walks. 3. The substitution of Lava pavements for Gravel in 14 several positions where this material appeared most de- sirable. 4. A great addition of accommodation in the RepriLe Room. 5. A thorough repair of the most dilapidated portion of the LAwn AvIARY. 6. The addition of a wide gallery with glass roof, for spectators in the Ostricu House. 7. Repair and adaptation of the old sheds formerly oc- cupied by carpenters, and as provision stores, &c., which now afford, in their converted state, good accommodation for twenty-five ANTILOPES and KaneGaroos, with nine inclosures for exercise in the open air. The more important Works and BuiLpinGs erected in 1851, include 1. The large Tank, Inclosure and Platforms for Spec- tators which adjoin the Hiprpororamus House. 2. An addition to the Western Wing of the GIRAFFE Hovse; which now contains seven loose Boxes for large Ruminants, tenanted by the Elands and Leucoryz. 3. The Raised Terrace Platforms for Spectators in front of the Carnivora Dens. 4. A Building, 60 feet in length, containing a room which will now be fitted up for RepriLes, and another which will be fitted up for Urans and CHIMPANZEES, specimens of both which species are expected during the course of the summer. 5. Provision Sheds, and paved yard adjoining them. 6. The great Aviary has been completed by the addi- tion of a third division, and now presents a front of 168 feet in length, containing nineteen divisions, and is tenanted by nearly 200 specimens of Birds. 7. An Eaeue Aviary has been erected which presents a combined frontage of 180 feet in length, and affords ac- commodation for the finest series of the large Birds of Prey which has ever been brought together in any country. The Buildings which have been undertaken since the commencement of the current year, are 1. The erection of a house ultimately destined for An- TILOPES, but at present appropriated to the display of Mr. Gould’s Collection of HumminG-Birps. This house has been constructed for the most part of materials which became the property of the Society in November last, in 15 pursuance of their agreement with Mr. Gould. The beau- tiful Lava pavements which ornament the entrances are the gifts of Messrs. Orsi and Armani. 2. A house principally constructed of glass and iron for the exhibition of Fish, Mollusca, and other Aquatic Ani- mals. The dimensions of this house are 60 feet by 25 feet, and it is expected that these dimensions will enable the Council to supply, in an effectual and interesting manner, one of the greatest deficiencies which has hitherto existed in all the Vivaria of Europe. 3. The other works now nearly or entirely complete, are a Pond for Srorxks, a Pond and Inclosure for the BLack- NECKED Swans, an extension of the Graven WALKS towards the Park Paddocks, and a general restoration of the Walks throughout the Gardens, which were consider- ably injured by the process of drainage, as well as by the immense pressure of Visitors during the past summer, 2. MENAGERIE. The great progress recorded in the last Annual Report as having been effected in the Menagerie during 1850, has not only not been diminished by any serious amount of loss, but has been carried ‘to a much higher point of ex- cellence. The list of Animals altogether new to the Collection is far more numerous than in any previous year, and includes many of those forms which were among the most striking desiderata. The active and increasing support which the Society con- tinues to receive from the Foreign Princes, Noblemen and Gentlemen whose names are recorded among the Donors to the Menagerie, is a subject of the warmest congratula- tion to all who are interested in Zoological Research. The assurances which the Council receive of the satisfaction which Donors experience in the due appreciation of their gifts by the large numbers of persons from every country who visit the Gardens, are the best guarantee for the con- tinuance of this valuable cooperation. The aid thus con- ferred on the Society accomplishes success in many under- takings, which, if attainable at all in any other way, could only be effected at'a most enormous expenditure. Among the proofs of approval which the Council have 16 now the gratification of reporting, the support of His Royal Highness the DuxkeE or Saxe Cosure Gornua is entitled to the first mention. His Highness the Viceroy or Eeypr has, within the last few months, expressly charged the Hon. C. A. Murray to convey to the Society the assurance of his con- tinued desire to promote its interests, and effectual proofs of His Highness’s goodwill will probably be recorded at the next Anniversary. The valuable influence of Mr. Murray is actively exerted in securing whatever Egypt affords which may be desirable for the completion of a series of African Animals, and it is expected that the next steamer from Alexandria will convey some further evidence of his success. His Highness the Guicowar or Baropa has not only transmitted to the Society the fine pair of adult Tigers which were received in August last, but has pro- mised his future aid in collecting the other wild animals of Western India which are found in his territory. The thanks of the Society are most especially due to their Excellencies the Governors of Trinidad, of British Guiana, and of Singapore, for the valuable gifts which they have made, and for the warm interest which they continue to evince in forwarding the Society’s views by all means in their power. The species collected by Lord Harris and by Lieut-Col. Butterworth are of the highest interest, and the loss of the URan, presented by the latter, is the most severe casualty which has occurred during the year. The Building which adjoins the Museum was com- menced with the intention of securing this valuable ani- mal as far as possible against the changes of temperature and the severity of climate which has usually proved fatal to the Anthropoid Apes both of Borneo and Africa. And although the projected arrangement could not be completed in time to prevent the fate of the Animal which proved so attractive and so interesting an inhabitant of the Garden during last summer, the Council have now good ground to hope that future experiments may be more successful. To Lieut.-Governor Eyre, who gave, and to Capt. Ers- kine of the Royal Navy, who successfully conveyed the first living ApTERYx from New Zealand to this country, the thanks of the Society are especially due. The possession 17 of this extraordinary type is another triumph which will be thoroughly appreciated by the scientific public, and cannot fail to interest all classes. It is due to his Excellency Sir George Grey, Governor of New Zealand, to mention, that he also endeavoured to transmit another of the most interesting Birds of that country, viz. the large Ground-Parrot, known to the natives as the Kaka-po, and described by Mr. G. R. Gray under the name of Sirigops habroptilus. Although Sir George Grey did not succeed in this at- tempt, another specimen was brought by Dr. Lyall, R.N., expressly for the Society, to within 600 miles of England, and would almost certainly have reached the Gardens in as good condition as the Apteryx, had it not met with its death by an accident. Capt. Stokes, R.N., succeeded in bringing a living spe- cimen of the Weka (Ocydromus Australis), which he libe- rally presented to the Society: and there is therefore little doubt that, with a continuance of the same valuable sup- port, all the forms now existing in New Zealand may in due time be added to the collection. The following Gentlemen also deserve particular mention for theassistance they have rendered during the year 185 1:— Dr. Bowring, H.M. Consul at Canton. Brig.-Gen. Hearsey, C.B., commanding in the Punjab. Henry Barkly, Esq., Governor of British Guiana. Henry Southern, Esq., H.M. Minister at Buenos Ayres. Sir Robert Schomburgk, H.M. Consul-General at St. Domingo. Col. Outram, late British Resident at Baroda. Mr. Davis, British Resident at Baroda. Mr. Frere, Commissioner in Scinde. Mr. Skipwith, H.E.I.C. Civil Service, Bengal. Mr. Elphinstone, H.E.1.C. Civil Service, Candeish. Sir T. E. Perry, Chief-Justice of Bombay. Mr, Reade, H.M. Vice-Consul at Tripoli. Mr. Grace, H.M. Vice-Consul at Mogador. Mr. Geo. Dennis, of British Guiana. Mr. H. E. Strutt, Stipendiary Magistrate, Berbice. Capt. Abbott, R.W.I.M. Steamer, Thames. The Hon. E. Chitty, Dr. Bowerbank, and Mr. Richard Hill, of Jamaica. The general state of the Collection is a subject to which the Council can refer with satisfaction, and although they B 18 are aware that it is still susceptible of great improvement, they feel confident that the causes now in operation and the means at their disposal will enable them gradually to effect whatever is possible in this direction, especially as they anticipate that the thorough drainage of the Park, when completed by the Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Board of Works, will certainly prove a most valuable measure in regard to the influence it will exercise upon the salubrity of the Menagerie. Sixteen acres and a half of the land occupied by the Society have now undergone this process, and it is under- stood that the remaining ten acres, with the adjoining por- tion of the Park, will be proceeded with in the course of the present year. One of the best indications of the generally healthful condition of the Animals is afforded by the following List oF (33) SPECIES WHICH HAVE BRED IN THE MENAGERIE, 1851-52. MAMMALIA. Rhesus Monkey. Macacus rhesus. India. Lion. Felis leo. S. Africa. Jackal. Canis auratus. Africa. Indian Wolf. Canis pallipes. India. Badger. Meles taxus. England. Giraffe. Camelopardalis giraffa. Kordofan. Gazelle. Gazella dorcas. Egypt. Rein Deer.. Cervus tarandus. Norway. Axis Deer. Cervus azis. India. Hog Deer. Cervus porcinus. India. Virginian Deer. Cervus virginianus. N. America. Wapiti Deer. Cervus canadensis. N. America. Alpaca. Auchenia pacos. Peru. Water Buffalo. Bos taurus, var. Asia Minor. Angora Goat. Capra hircus, var. Asia Minor. Barbary Mouse. Mus barbarus. Morocco. Golden Agouti. Dasyprocta acuti. S. America. BIRDS. Crested Pigeon. Ocyphaps lophotes. Australia. Japan Pheasant. Phasianus versicolor, hybrid. Ring-necked Pheasant. Phasianus torquatus. China. i 19 Black Swan. Cygnus atratus. Australia. Cereopsis Goose. Cereopsis nove-hollandie. Australia. Sandwich Island Goose. Bernicla sandvicensis. Sandwich Islands. Bean Goose, hybrid. - Anas segetum, hybrid. Europe. Mandarin Duck. Aix galericulata. China. Carolina Duck. Aix sponsa. N. America. American Wild Duck. Anas obscura. N. America. Pintail Duck. Dafila caudacuta. Kurope. Gadwall. Chaulelasmus strepera. Kurope. Tufted Duck. Nyroca cristata, with Castaneous Duck. Nyroca leucophthalma. Europe. REPTILES. Yellow Snake. Chilabothrus inornatus. Jamaica. ? St. Domingo. Purple and Crimson Snake. In the years 1847-1850, two hundred and thirty-one species were introduced for the first time into the Collection. To this great number nearly one hundred are now to be added, as will be seen from the present List or SpECTES EXHIBITED FOR THE First TIME IN 1851—1852. * MAMMALIA. QUADRUMANA. Stanger’s Monkey. Cercopithecus ? n.sp. Natal. Vervet-like Monkey. Cercopithecus ——? n.sp. Unknown. Albino Monkey. Cercopithecus ——- ? Borneo. RopENTIA. Honduras Squirrel. Sciurus Boothie. S. America. RUMINANTIA. Eland. Boselaphus oreas. S. Africa. Harte-beeste. Alcelaphus caama. S. Africa. Bonte-bok. Alcelaphus pygarga. S. Africa. Korinne Gazelle. Gazella rufifrons. W. Africa. Four-horned Antelope. Tetracerus quadricornis. India. Duiker-Bok. Cephalophus mergens. S. Africa. B2 20 RUMINANTIA. Mohammed’s Antelope. Oreotragus montanus. W. Africa. Moluccan Deer. Cervus moluccensis. Molucca Islands. Savannah Deer. Cervus ? America. Black-tailed Deer. Cervus Lewisii. N. America. MARsuPriata. Red Kangaroo. Macropus ruber. Australia. Black-faced Kangaroo. Macropus melanops. §. Australia. BIRDS. RaProrges. Arrian’s Vulture. Vultur monachus. E. Africa. Black Eagle. Aquila vulturina. S. Africa. Martial Eagle. Spizaétus bellicosus. S. Africa. Crested Eagle. Spizaétus cristatus. S. Africa. Mauduyt’s Eagle. Morphnus ornatus. S. America. Forster’s Milvago. Milvago leucurus. S. America. White-bellied Ibycter. Ibicter aquilinus. S. America. Black and White Buzzard. Buteo melanoleucus. S. America. Cape Eagle-Owl. Bubo capensis. S. Africa. Spotted Eared-Owl. Otus maculosus ? W. Africa. INnsEssoREs. . Crow-Shrike. Strepera fuliginosa. Australia. Weaver Bird. Hyphantornis textor. S. Africa. Crow Bird. Edolius fc India. Cock of the Rock. Rupicola crucea. S. America. Tanager. Pyranga rubra. N. America. Dinca Finch. Fringilla diuca. Chili. American Finch. Fringilla tephrocotis. N. America. e bs Fringilla tristis. N. America. SCANSORES. Rock-pebble Ground Parrot. Polytelis melanura. S. Australia, CoLuMBz. Ceylonese Tree-Pigeon. Teron psittacea. Ceylon. Black-pinioned Fruit-Pigeon. Carpophaga luctuosa. Borneo. White-breasted Dove. Columba ? Unknown. Brown-breasted Dove. Columba ? Unknown. Bates’ Dove. Columba ? Honduras. Chilian Dove. Colwnba ? Chih. “a r 21: RasoREs. Prince Albert’s Curassow. Crax Alberti. S. America. Purple Guan. Penelope purpurascens. S. America. Tataupa Tinamoo. Tinamus tataupa. S. America. Rufescent Tinamoo. Rhyncotus rufescens. S. America. Chilian Tinamoo. Rhyncotus perdia. Chil. Cape Francolin. Francolinus capensis. S. Africa. Chukar Partridge. Caccabis chukar. India. Vieillot’s Pheasant. Gallophasis Vieillote. Borneo. Crested Quail. Ortya cristatus. S. America. Cuban Quail. Ortyax cubanensis. Cuba. : CuRSORES. Kiwi. Apteryx australis. New Zealand. | Black-breasted Bustard. Eupodotis afra. S. Africa. GRALLATORES. Weka Rail. Ocydromus australis. New Zealand. Screamer. Palamedea cornuta. S. America. Sacred Ibis. Threskiornis ethiopicus. Egypt. Bald Ibis. Threskiornis calvus. India. Chilian Ibis. Threskiornis melanopis. Chil. Spur-winged Plover. Hoplopterus spinosus. W. Africa. Hooded Plover. Hoplopterus tectus. W. Africa. Golden Plover. Charadrius pluvialis. England. Avocet. . Recurvirostra avocetta. Belgium. ‘Australian Thicknee. C&dicnemus grallarius. S. Australia. ' Cape Coot. Fulica cristata. S. Africa. . NATATORES. . Black-necked Swan. Cygnus nigricollis. Chili. , 3 Mountain Casarea. Casarca cana. S. Africa. -_ African Sarkidiornis. Sarkidiornis regius. W. Africa. | Tree-Duck. Dendrocygna arcuata. India. - Bahama Duck. Dafila bahamensis. W. Indies. % ~ Indian Wild Duck. Anas pecilorhyncha. India. ry Guilbee. Anas xanthorhyncha. S. Africa. a Chilian Duck. Dafila urophasianus. Chili. - Red-billed Duck. Anas erythrorhyncha. S. Africa. : Se Smee-ende. Fuligula ? n.sp? 8. Africa. a. Wild Muscovy Duck. Cazrina moschata. S. America. @ REPTILES. ¥ Crocodilus -—— ? Carthagena. g Crocodilus —— ? W. Africa. te 22 Crocodilus trigonatus. Trinidad ? Boa imperator. Trinidad. Chilabothrus inornatus. Jamaica. ? n.sp.? St. Domingo. Coluber hippocrepis. Morocco. Naia ——? Morocco. Trachysaurus rugosus. Australia. Iguana tuberculata. Carthagena. Three species of Tortoise. S. Africa. Among the Animals, thus added for the first time to the Collection, it will be observed that the most important spe- cies belong to the Ruminant division of Mammalia, and more particularly to the family of Antilopes, which are so charac- teristic of the Fauna of Africa. In consequence of the great difficulty of obtaining specimens, the Society has hitherto been much less rich in representatives of this group than the Council have considered desirable; and they therefore regard the present accessions of the Hxanps, as among the most valuable which could possibly have occurred. The magni- ficent stature of these Animals, their intermediate form be- tween the Antilopes and Cattle, the quality of their flesh, and the prospect of their not unfrequent reproduction in this coun- try, renders the possession of them in every respect an object of the highest interest. It will also be remarked that among the Birds there are several species of the Rasorialand Natatorial forms, of the latter of which especially it is to be expected that several will be as completely acclimatized as has already been the case with the Carolina Teal, the Sandwich Island Goose, the Cereopsis, and the Black Swan of Australia. List or Donors To THE MENAGERIE. His Royat Hicuness tHE Duxe or Saxe CosurG anp GorHa. Two Wild Boars. His Hicuness tHE Guicowar or Baropa. Two Tigers. His Excellency Lord Harris, Governor of Trinidad. An American Tapir, Four Iguanas, a Capybara, Two Spotted Cavies, Two The Entomological Society of London. The Microscopical Society. The Royal Irish Academy. The Royal Society of Sciences, Gottingen. The Academy of Arts, Hamburg. The Imperial Academy of Sciences, Copenhagen. The Royal Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam. The Royal Academy of Sciences, Munich. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. The American Philosophical Society. L’Institut Royal des Pays Bas. The Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna. The Dutch Society of Haarlem. 10 The Royal Society of Van Diemen’s Land. The Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Breslau. The Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club. < Mémoires, Journals, Bulletins, Annals, and Reports have also been received from - The Royal Geographical Society of London. The Royal Agricultural Society of England. The Geological Society of London. The Horticultural Society of London. The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain. The British Association for the Advancement of Science. The Society of Arts. The Royal Institution. The London Institution. The Art Union of London. The Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club. The American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Lyceum of Natural History of New York. The Franklin Institute. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. The Museum of Natural History of Paris. The Academy of Sciences of Paris. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid. The Royal Asiatic Society, Bombay Branch. The Society of Physic and Natural History of Geneva. The Society of Natural Sciences of the Canton of Vaud. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin. The Smithsonian Institution. The Museum of Practical Geology. Donations have also been received from M. Petit de la Saussaye; M. Guérin-Méneville; M. F. J. Pictet; Dr. Mantell; M. Haidinger; Isaac Lea, Esq.; B. H. Hodg- son, Ksg.; J. D. Dana, Esq.; Dr. Bleeker; Rev. Mr. Free- man; Don Felipe Poey; Sig. Passerini; Dr. Warren; R. Warrington, Esq.; Hon. A. Kendall; H. J. Carter, Esq. ; R. J. Shuttleworth, Esq.; London (Watford) Spring Water Company; M. Boisduval; C. B. Adams, Esq.; Commis- sioners for the Exhibition of 1851; T. Bland, Esq.; M. Schmarda; R. Kernan, Esq.; M. Bianconi; M. Dumeril; Dr. Morton ; — Kennedy, Esq. Tl IV. MUSEUM. Amongst the Donations to the Museum the Council have to record a very interesting gift, which has been presented by Mr. Strutt, one of Her Majesty’s Stipendiary Magistrates in Berbice. It consists of a series of nearly 40 species of Reptiles collected in that Colony, and is in- tended by Mr. Strutt as the commencement of a complete Collection in illustration of the Herpetology of that part of South America. It is scarcely necessary to point out how materially the progress of science would be aided by the cooperation of the Corresponding Members of the Society, . in working in a similar manner in their respective localities. ia The limited space included in the Society’s Building, ___ and the obvious diminution of the necessity for maintaining the old arrangement, as a general Collection of Species, which results from the great development of the Galleries of the British Museum, has determined the Council to adopt a new method of arrangement; and the Society’s Museum will therefore, it is hoped, when re-opened to Vi- sitors, present a far more useful aspect than it has hitherto worn, by being devoted to the illustration of Genera only, for which the extremely varied nature of its contents, and the possession of many of the rarest forms, render it pecu- liarly available. The extent of the present Building, which is entirely __ inadequate to a Collection of Species, even of Mammalia and Birds, will be amply sufficient for the display of the _ principal generic types of the whole of the Vertebrata, and the dispersion of the Duplicates to the National and Pro- _ vincial Museums will prove, it is believed, of far greater _ advantage to public instruction, than could possibly result from their being retained by the Society. __-‘The Collection of Humming Birds, first exhibited by Mr. Gould in 1851, and subsequently placed by him at the disposal of the Society during the year 1852, were re- __ turned to him, as agreed on, at the close of that year. The inquiries which are still made for them by the Visitors sig- nificantly indicate the extended interest which they had created among all classes. 12 V. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. a. Works. The Buripines, Works, AND Repairs, already alluded to in the Report on Expenditure, have been very exten- sive, and have supplied many of the most pressing desi- derata in the accommodation required by the present highly developed state of the Collection. — The change which has thus been effected in the general appearance of the Garden is sufficiently apparent to every Visitor. The actual enumeration of these works is as follows :— 1. The removal and re-erection of the large Building containing an area of 60 feet by 30 feet, erected by Mr. Gould for the Exhibition of the Humming Birds, in which an interesting Collection of Living Birds will be placed during the present season. 2. The Aeuatic VivARivUM, containing an area of 60 feet by 25 feet. 3. The completion and fitting of the CuimpANZEE House. 4, The completion and fitting of the Pyrnon House. 5. Roads and Walks in the Park Inclosures upwards of 400 yards in length. 6. Iron fences in Park, 576 yards in length. 7. Large Rat-proof Inclosure, with Pond, containing an area of 195 feet by 95 feet. . 8. New Pond in Stork Inclosure. 9. Extension of Three-Island Pond Inclosure. 10. Repair of other Ponds in the Garden. 11. Screen-walls in the North Garden. 12. Strong Iron Fence in the Eland Paddock. 13. Many serviceable Store-sheds. 14. Steam Kitchen. 15, New Steam-engine, Boiler and Well-house. 16. Repair of the Reservoir. 17. Extension of the Water-service. 18. Surface-drains and Cesspools to the Walks. 19. Walks regravelled, after draining, throughout the Gardens. 20. Extensive repair of Turf, and several other minor improvements. 13 b. MENAGERIE. The period of the year 1851 at which the selections made by the Council from the late President’s Collection at Knowsley were transferred to the Society’s’ possession, rendered them, in effect, only known to the general body of Visitors as acquisitions of last season. _ This rich and varied series, taken in connection with the Purchases made and Donations obtained since the last Anniversary, have raised the Menagerie to a degree of interest which far outstrips anything which has been pre- viously witnessed in the Vivaria of Europe. The general health of the Animals has been fully equal to that of any former season,. notwithstanding that the atmospheric influences have been unusually adverse, and have extended in that condition over a period of time which is altogether unprecedented. The completion of the drainage of the Regent’s Park by Her Majesty’s Commis- sioners of Public Works, which was originally pressed upon their notice by a Memorial from the Council, in 1848, has without doubt operated as one of the counteracting causes to the extension of disease among the Animals, and as the action of the drains may be expected to increase with time, its effects will in all probability be much more sensibly apparent during the current year. One of the consequences of this improvement in sana- tory condition is an increase in the number of valuable SPECIES WHICH HAVE BRED IN THE MENAGERIE IN THE YEARS 1852-53. MAMMALIA. QuUADRUMANA. Vervet Monkey. RuMINANTsS. _ Hog Deer. Ladak Sheep. Virginian Deer. Zebu. Sambur Deer. Nylghau. Axis Deer. Leucoryx. Barbary Deer. Llama. Mouffion. Alpaca. Corsican Goat. Guanaco. Angora Goat. Giraffe. 14 RopvENTs. Golden Agouti. MARSUPIATA, Virginian Opossum. BIRDS. Ring-necked Pheasant (Ph. Dusky Duck. torquatus). Gadwall Duck. Hybrid Jungle Fowl. Pintail Duck. Senegal Pigeon. Summer Duck. Crested Pigeon.* Bahama Duck. Harlequin Bronzewing. Shoveller Duck. Turquoisine Parrakeet. Magellanic Goose. Mandarin Duck. Sandwich Island Goose. REPTILES. Puff Adder. When the great number of species which have been intreduced within the last four years is taken into consider- ation, the Council believe that they have reason to con- gratulate themselves on being able to present on this occasion so important A List or ANIMALS EXHIBITED FOR THE First TIME IN 1852-53. MAMMALIA. QUADRUMANA. Presbytes leucoprymnus. India. CARNIVORA. Ocelot. Felis ? S. America. The Yagouarondi. Felis yagouarondi. ~ Guiana. The Falkland Fox. Canis ——? S. America. The Patagonian Fox. Canis ——? S. America. The European Ichneumon. H. Widringtoni. Portugal. The Cacomixl. Bassaris astuta. Mexico. Humboldt’s Skunk. Conepatus Humboldtii. Brown Hyena. Hyena brunnea. - S. Africa. 15 E Unavnara. 5 _ Beecroft’s Hyrax. Hyrawr Beecrofti, Fraser. Gambia. Red Hog. Potamocherus penicillatus, Gray. Cameroons. . Jemla Goat. Capra jemiaica. Himalaya. Spring Bok. Gazella euchore. S. Africa. Isabella Antelope. W. Africa. Maxwell’s Antelope. Cephalophus Mazxwelli. W. Africa. - Grimm Antelope. Cephalophus grimmia. S. Africa. American Deer. Cariacus f Brazil. RopENTIA. Squirrel. Sciurus ? Uncertain, Squirrel. S. ? _ Uncertain. The Loir. Myozus glis, Linn. France. MarsopPiatTa. Kangaroo. Macropus elegans? N. S. Wales. BIRDS. RapTores. Pondicherry Vulture. Otegyps ponticerianus. __ India. ' Spotted Hagle. Aguila nevia. Belgium. White-breasted Sea-Hawk. Haliastur leucosternus. N. 8. Wales. Wedge-tailed Sea-Hawk. JH. sphenurus. N.S. Wales. _ White-tailed Buzzard. Buteo pterocles. S. America. INSESSOREsS. Long-tailed Thrush. Copsychus macrourus. India. Crested Tit. Parus cristatus. Belgium. _ Scansorzs. Toucan. Rhamphastos ariel ? S. America. Toucan. Rah. vitellinus. S. America. _ Parrakeet. Platycercus ——? New Guinea. i — ConumMBs. Fruit Pigeon. Treron vernans. N. India. » Lagos Dove. Columba Lagos. Scalloped Pigeon. Columba ? Uncertain. Sheath Bill. Chivampalba: Palkignd Talands: 16 CursoREs. Little Bustard. Otis tetraz. Spain. GRALLATORES. Red Shank. Totanus calidris. Holland. NATATORES. Little Goose. Anser minutus. Holland. Scoter. Cidemia fusca. Holland. REPTILES. CHELONIA. Emysaurus serpentinus. N. America. Emys scripta. N. America. picta. N. America. Malaclemys concentrica. ‘Unknown. SauRIA. Cyclosaurus gigas. Australia. Crocodilus marginatus ? W. Africa. OpHIDIA. Coluber quadrivittatus. N. America. C.——? N. America. C.——? Berbice. C.——? S. America ? Xiphosoma eaninum. Dutch Guiana. FISH. Perch. Perca fluviatilis. Four-horned Cottus. Cottus guadricornis. Smooth-tailed Stickleback. Gasterosteus leiurus. Carp. Cyprinus carpio. . Prussian Carp. Cyprinus gibelio. Gudgeon. ~Gobio fluviatilis. Tench. Tinca vulgaris. Bream. cana 270 0 0 Compositions ...... Redes teaceserotsateaes 540 0 0 18524 Annual Subscriptions ........ Sukecoceenass 2283 6 0 DVOY Yc WICKCtS | wescevicascasssapceescqgasassect 93) 5. *0 METAMSACHIONS Devstondsachencuccesias setsoor 71296 19 Proceedings,s...: var. sp. ? Polycera 4-lineata. Phallusia » var. sp. ? Lamellaria , Sp. undet. Synoicum » var. sp. ? Anomia ephippium. CRUSTACEA. Galathea squamifera. Pandalus annulicornis. nexa. Athamas nitescens. Homarus vulgaris. Pagurus Prideauxii. Palemon serratus. Hyndmanni. squilla. —— Bernhardus. Leachii. — , Sp. undet. ? Crangon vulgaris. Stenorhynchus phalangium. trispinosus. tenuirostris. fasciatus. Inachus Dorsettensis. sculptus. dorynchus. spimosus. Pisa tetraodon. Porcellana platycheles. Hyas araneus. longicornis. coarctatus. Hippolyte varians. Maia squinado. Cranchii. Eurynome aspera. gracilis (Gosse). Cancer pagurus. fascigera (Gosse). Pilumnus hirtellus. —— Thompsoni. Carcinus meenas. _ Portunus depurator. —— puber. arcuatus. Doto fragilis. Sabella tubularia. Sabellaria alveolata. Serpula triquetra. —— tubularia. contorta. Spirorbis spirillum. Arenicola piscatorum. Aphrodita aculeata. 17 Ebalia Pennantii. Atelecyclus heterodon. Corystes Cassivelaunus. ANNELIDA. Aphrodita hystrix. Polynoé cirrata. Sigalion Boa. Phyllodoce lamelligera. Nereis pelagica. Pontobdella muricata. Planaria vittata. ECHINODERMATA. Echinus miliaris. sphera. Thyone papillosa. Sipunculus Johnstonii. punctatissimus. Cucumaria pentactes. Cribella oculata. Palmipes membranaceus. Asterina gibbosa. Aurelia aurita. Actinia clavata. dianthus. —— parasitica. miniata. -——- crassicornis. alba. — hellis. Hydractinia echinata. Eudendrium ramosum. Halecium halecinumn. Sertularia polyzonias. abietina. —— operculata. —— cupressina. —— argentea. Ophiura texturata. Ophiocoma rosula. 5 Sp. Uraster rubens. violacea. , Sp. Solaster papposa. Asterias aurantiaca. ACALEPH A. Cydippe pileus. ZOOPHYTES. ANTHOZOA. Actinia gemmacea. , Sp. var. 2 Anthea cereus. Adamsia palliata. Lucernaria cyathiformis. HYDROIDA. Antennularia antennina. ramosa. Plumularia falcata. —— myriophyllum. pennatula. —— pinnata. Laomedea geniculata. B mesembryanthemum. , a. sp. allied to ‘ bellis.” Alcyonidium gelatinosum. Valkeria pustulosa. Flustra foliacea. — chartacea. — Murrayana. avicularis. Cellularia avicularia. Halichondria suberea. —— sanguinea. panicea. merustans. 18 POLYZOA. Lepralia , Sp.? Eschara foliacea. Cellepora pumicosa. ramulosa. Notamia bursaria. Tubulipora patina. SPONGES. Halichondria incrustans, sp. Grantia ciliata. Nullipora polymorpha. List or Donors to THE MENAGERIE. Her Most Gracious Masesty THE QUEEN. Two Gazelle Antilopes. His Royat Hicuness tHe Prince Aupert, K.G. Her Most Fairarun Masusty THE LATE QUEEN OF A Spotted Hyena, a Serval, a Go- liath Heron, a Bateleur Eagle, PoRTUGAL. Sir Thomas Erskine Perry, late Chief Justice of Bombay, A pair of Indian Lions. F.Z8. A Great Bustard. Two Griffon Vultures. His Excellency The Lord Harris, F.Z.S. The Lord Lyttelton. A Kinkajou. A Talapoin Monkey. The Earl of Kilmorey, F.Z.S. A Persian Sheep. The Hon. T. L. Powys, F.Z.S. The Lady Cochrane. Two Ortolan Buntings. Four Turtle. His Excellency Sir Henry Barkly, Governor of Jamaica. A White-masked Duck, an American Wrgeon. Hon. H. Berkeley, M.P. 4 Macaque Monkey. Sir William Jardine, Bart. 4 Woodcock. Hon. Grantley F. Berkeley. A Moor Hen. F. Eardley Wilmot, Esq. 4 Wombat. Joseph Bebb, Esq. M. Hagerty, Esq. A. Ainger, Esq. A Sooty Monkey. A Macaque Monkey. A Rhesus Monkey. 19 S. B. Lakeman, Esq., Capt. Cape Mounted Rifles. A Vervet Monkey, a Spring Bok, a Short-tailed Eagle. Capt. Falconer. A Vervet Monkey. T. Lescombe, Esq., Surg. R.N. An Entellus Monkey. ee a a oF a | a 4 ; Chas. Fache, Esq. A Black Capuchin Monkey. Capt. Seymour, R.N. A Green Monkey. J. 8. Biggs, Esq. A Vervet Monkey. Lieut. Coxon, 45th Regt. A Pluto Monkey. Miss S. M. Gossip. A Spider Monkey. — James, Esq. A Bonneted Monkey. T. B. Arnott, Esq. = A Patas Monkey. Henry Lowman, Esq. 4 Macaque Monkey. Mrs. Warner. A Rhesus Monkey. M. F. Halliday, Esq. A Rhesus Monkey. John Cates, Esq. A Green Monkey. — Callibran, Esq. A Bonneted Monkey. Mr. Mortimer. | A Bonneted Monkey. Mrs. Lockyer Freestun. 4 Macaque Monkey. Capt. Monro. A Macaque Monkey. W. G. Ceely, Esq. A Macaque Monkey. Peter Edwards, Esq. A Macaque Monkey. Miss Broadwood. A Brown Bear. Colonel Shirley, 88th Regiment. A Black Bear. The Colonel and Officers of the 38th Regiment. An American Black Bear. Admiral Tucker, Indian Navy. A Sloth Bear. Capt. D. Herd. Two American Black Bears, Two Virginian Eagle Owls, a Hawk Owl, and a Short-eared Owl. Capt. Davan. A Leopard. Neville Maskelyne, Esq. 4 Puma. J. J. Forester, Esq., Corr. Memb. Two Young Wolves. w.C. Donte, Esq., F.Z.8. A Martin Cat, and Five Wood Pigeons. Albert Hambrough, Esq. A Red Coati Mondi. A. M. Dewar, Esq. A Grey Ichneumon. William Thompson, Esq. A Shanghae Sow. Dr. Fitzgibbon. A Gambian Gennet. B 2 20 Mrs. R. M. M. Thompson. A Grey Ichneumon. Lieut. Calvert, R.N., F.Z.S. ; An Azis Deer. John Cross, Esq., F.Z.S8. Two African Sheep. Capt. Hopkins. A Wild Sow from Upper Scinde. W. S. Gray, Esq. A Male Axis Deer. H. P. Ashby, Esq. An American Fallow Deer. Commander A. Eardley Wilmot, R.N. An African Gennet. Miss Emily Mary Barber. Two Gazelles. Edward Hardy, Esq. Four Guanacos. W. Jennings, Esq. An European Marmot. Mrs. Douglas. An American Black Squirrel. F. Green, Esq. A Common Jackal. Mungo Park, Esq., M.D. Two Chameleons. Mr. Whiteside. A White-lipped Peccary. B. W. Doyle, Esq., H.M. Vice-Consul at St. Martha, South America. A Collared Peccary. T. F. Buckland, Esq. Eleven Pied Rats. W.S. Crowdace, Esq. A Malabar Squirrel. T. Auret, Esq., R.N. A Kangaroo Rat. Capt. Tytler. A Blossom-headed Parrakeet, a Land Tortoise, a Fruit Pigeon. Joseph Addison, Esq. A Great Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. John Russell Reeves, Esq., F.Z.S. Two Red-winged Parrakeets. R. P. Gunnell, Esq. A Pennantian Parrakeet,a King Par- rakeet, a Bauer Parrakeet. C. D’Oyley Tweedy, Esq. Three Mustache Pigeons, Three Snakes (from Haytt). Mr. T. W. Pratt. A Great Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. John S. Rigge, Esq. A Cinereous Sea Eagle. R. Barnes, Esq. A Solstitial Parrakeet. J. Graham, Esq. Two Muscovy Ducks. R. J. Bourchier, Esq., Corr. Memb. Two Gallinules. Dr. Chorley. A Common Jay. Mrs. Sancroft Holmes. A Great-eared Owl. Dr.Thompson, 58th Reg. A Weka Rail. T. Wood, Esq. A Common Kite. The Crystal Palace Company. Two Bull Frogs. 21 Hudson’s BayCompany. Two Cross Foxes, a Red Fox, a Mrs. Clarke. Mrs. Farmer. A. De Lautour, Esq. Mr. Hughes. Miss M. A. Cole. Mrs. T. Landseer. William Payne, Esq. Robert Emery, Esq. H. Hall, Esq. — Buckingham, Esq. Frederick Peake, Esq. Mr. Barwise. W. W. Smith, Esq. Charles Holland, Esq. Odo Russell, Esq. F. Bond, Esq. Capt. Seymour, R.N. Mr. Jolly. Capt. Abbott. Marten, a Canadian Porcupine. A Senegal Parrot. A White-fronted Parrot. A White-headed Eagle, Three Acti- nias, One Starfish, One Hermit Crab, One Common Crab, Two Spider Crabs, Five Echinus, Two Sea Mice. A Dusky Grebe. Seven Egyptian Quails. A Rosehill Parrakeet. Two Rosehill. Parrakeets. A Green-winged Turtle Dove. A Webless Duck. A Lesser-crested Cockatoo. Two White Rats, One Pied Rat. Two Slow-worms, One Common Viper. A Water Tortoise. Three Horned Lizards. Six Snakes and Five Lizards. A Toad. An Alligator. An Alligator. A Crocodile, Five Lizards, Three Lo- custs, Five Indian Wall Lizards. Messrs. Montgomerie and Greenhorne. G. T. Saul, Esq. A Ceylon Boa. A Water Tortoise. J. N. Tweedy, Esq., F.Z.S. Two Chicken Snakes, One Cobra. Dr. Akers, Staff Assist.-Surg. T. A. Jennings, Esq. Mrs. Withycombe. A West African Boa. Two Otters. A Water Tortoise. — Robertson, Esq., Staff Surgeon. Miss Cuttis. Mr. Treblecombe. A Water Tortoise. A Green Lizard. A Green Lizard. J. H. Gurney, Esq., F.Z.S. A Common Otter. A. Patridge, Esq. Mr. Wilkins. A West African Boa. A Turtle. A. J. Beresford Hope, Esq., F.Z.S. One Hundred and Twenty Cray Fish. 22 Dr. Hamilton, F.Z.S. | Twenty-five Cray Fish. F. W. Farrer, Esq. Fourteen Tench, Five Common Eels. T. L. Shuckard, Esq. A Collection of Marine Animals. E. C. Buckland, Esq. Seventeen Cray Fish and Six Carp. Plowden Weston, Esq. Two Menobranchus. W.H. Lintott, Esq., F.Z.S. Four Tench. Miss Bickell. Two Actinias. Mr. Doubleday. Ten Perch. C. K. Bishop, Esq. Twenty-two Actinias. John Marshall, Esq. Two Natterjacks. Mrs. Woolnough. Fifty Actinias. E. W. H. Holdsworth, Esq., F.Z.S. Twelve Actinias. Thomas Edgar, Esq., F.Z.S. A Marine Animal. Mr. Rich. Fifty-four Actinias, Six Cockles. Mr. Sweeting. A Sea Mouse. Mr. Roblow. Two Barbel, Three Dace. T. W. Whitmarsh, Esq. Eighteen Antheas, Six Actinias. G. Lenox Conyngham, Esq., F.Z.S. Siz Actinias. Mr. Murray. A Bream. Hon. Rowland Wynn. Forty Fresh-water Mussels. M. Moggeridge, Esq. Sta Pape Fish. Wentworth Dilke, Esq. Siateen Grey Mullet. Conclusion. The Council cannot conclude their Report without ex- pressing their cordial thanks to the Committees of Audit, Finance, and Publication, for the services which they have respectively rendered to the Society by their co-operation in those departments of business in which they are specially interested. With reference to their own administration of the affairs of the Society, they have the pleasure of feeling, that the course which they determined to adopt at the commence- ment of last year to meet the emergency created by the financial reaction in 1852, has equalled their expectations of success. The establishment has not only been main- tained in full vigour, but materially and sensibly improved. 23 The number of Fellows is steadily, if not rapidly, increa- sing ; and the support afforded to the Society by the public, ; is evinced in a manner which gives unequivocal indications of their approval and interest in its success. Under these circumstances, the Council trust that they are entitled to congratulate the Society on the present state of their prospects, which, there is every ground to believe, must tend to still greater successes in directing the attention of all classes to the charms of that beautiful and elevating science which the Institution was founded to promote. Printed by Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street. oa bi: ee ise stot 7, oe ps iis AERO 4 ow silt OF ieee acy sanpbiti ti eee ene sini idle cst POE . x St sty pt aor ety? “shalt ati ts AGA ‘ae ; lt me set FE Linttiro:) ni? Prin fli eveiy bedstt Blinds te Fettine eae ‘Walt? Te" ¢ Pair wie ult ¢ rego? OF halite , serrated o Pivots +e! gel Feat stout . MOTs gift this: patil fi ae * tae nw Sith” Prittiascd $ i myn) 4 7 bebe uahpay at REPORT OF THE 4 AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS, Appointed January 5, 1854. Tue Committee of Auditors having carefully examined the Accounts of the Society for the year ending December 31, 1853, and having inspected all the Books and seen Vouchers for all the Payments, now beg to lay before the Society the _ following Abstract of such Accounts, together with a State- _ ment of the Assets and Liabilities of the Society, and a Report thereon. RECEIPTS. £. 8. dd sexe tecaseeaceeseneae 280 2 0 Balance of Cash brought from Dec. 31, 1852..)... * INCOME. Belongi to years C Soar Sa 1846 Annual Subscriptions ........eseseeeeeeees 56 0 0 | Ivory Tickets ......++- cosnccvecccsenoesress 17a 0 to Transactions ...erscsrsseeeres Sigeen sien ae Bae 0 Proceedings .....-seseeeerreneeeteecsasencess 10 2 6 a Garden Sales ......s++eerees Poseassier Sees 7 6 152 14 0 Admission Fees ...+++..+.. auc ceceenceutae 30 0 0 Annual Subscriptions .....c0.eeeeeeeee] 87 0 0 Ivory Tickets .srsoececeseress spsseneuserous 2y. 12:0 its TramsactionS csscccsscececeeereeeeenceesees 13 8 6 Proceedings..e,..seseeeeres baicote seaside eee 39 12 0 Garden Sales cocsseccseseeeeeeeeee ele es a (Admissions to Gardens .........++ sees {11343 1 6 Garden Sales .....sscceeecseecrenesttersers 1628 5 6 Rent for Refreshment Rooms ....+-..- 400 0 0 Admission Fees ...ccsseceeseeseeeeceeerees 400 0 0 18534 Compositions ..... Lee ares sec etn teres erne® 520 0 0 Annual Subscriptions ..+..sssesseeeeeeeeee 2383 9 0 Ivory Tickets .esseesescsesseceesereenerrees 95 12 0 Transactions Savseussue Stee 52 1 8 Proceedings ......++++++ Seoseee panna cepeceas 45 6 3 Dividends ......secscscerecseccecseeeseeess 145 12 6 ates 8 Se 1854 Annual Subscriptions (anticipated) ... Ivory Tickets see...s000++ (ditto) eer. INCOME IN 1853..ccsccsscsssccseccecsccsnssosces[eeeseseetsceaeenes £17,508 8 6 | 17,508 8 | | £17,788 10 : | 4 PAYMENTS. General ‘ Gardens. Museum. Estabt. Total. EXPENDITURE. [argan Belonging Bie te de Bo -86-~ de) Bees di eeoans to years 18594 Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c....s00eereee] 271 3 Tiecccessceee ..| 5811 7| 82915 2 [BANS salve csasccciees mibacsieeee oats akieaece }2,890 17 4 9 2 6| 427 3 10) 3327 3 8 Paid on account of previous year ....-+.... --| 3,162 0 11 9 2 61 485 15 5] 3656 18 10 Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. ..... deeceecess!) E90 US) Glen catetater 163 1 5 Salaries, Wages, &c. .eescsseeeeseeeees 1896 13 I1)............... 838 12 8 Cost of Animals .........c00.ccceaceees -| 1284 8 10 Carriage of Animals and Keepers } 440 4 3 Expenses .........+. eaneien te clete a Keepers’ Dresses.....scsesescscesseeaees 92 0 0 IPED VISIONS cweaonsstneescrcsasescvecaseae 2830 138 9 Menagerie Expenses ......+++...+5- «| 1128 16 0 Buildings...........006. sesecrsscneesecsee| 600 0 0 Works, Repairs, &c. ...ssesseseeceeeee 2303 15 10 18534 Garden Expenses sesccs.ssssssscsceees 621 15° 7 Band Expenses ............- Based sseee 293 12 6 House and Office Expenses............ SR on vO|scssncs ences »-| 186 15 2 Museum Expenses ..... seaeeinaste chet vine geste sivelels 47 14 3 Library Expenses ....0...sceesesseeees| ceees eavaranes -| 98 4 6 Advertisements ....ceseessseseseeaes ba] Jauaeewaties cies hl metisiccacieniema 310 1 0 DEAGLONEY Ys acsecceeseesee sete aeee deceit SCRNCO CSAs HCRSSCNOSTOnGO: 25 18 8 Printing (Miscellaneous),..........+. Talat eye par a Eee at Es 5111 6 Transactions (including printing) ...] .......eceee.0. feceeeee quechatis 14 12 6 Proceedings ditto CEO TE) ec cab canseeek ENesencpecs seal eo mln el Returned Subscriptions ...........+5 SA. «ot eS A ee 12 3 0 aid on account of the current year ........./11725 18 11] 145 18 9/1592 7 11/13,464 5 7 EXPENDITURE IN 1853........ seoeeeeeee/ 14887 19 10] 155 1 3/2078 3 4/17,121 4 5 = General Account ......... 567 6 1 . sh at the Banker's, December 31, 1853. Petty Cash Account ...... 100 0 O ——| 667 6 1 _—_$_$$_____| £)17,788 10 6 4 The Assets and Liabilities of the Society on the 31st of December, 1853, were as follow :— ASSETS. Arrears of Funded Capital. Previous Current Years. Year. Lo} 8. Cash at Banker’s......sesjecesecceccees nia Paid for £5000 Re- Bet aicenn cay | Coates Annual Subscriptions... Transactions ......++++ ee Proceedings.........:e+ o. Garden Sales ......e0ee.- Ivory Tickets ....s...s00e 308 30 | 4472 19 4] 667 6 1 LIABILITIES. Bills, &c. estimated at— For the Gardens, say «......+46 sees General Establishment Rent, &c. unpaid— 1729 19 6 For the Gardens ...........-+00+ aeneacks General Establishment 275 11 2 £2005 10 8 ved 5 The result of the examination by the Committee of Audit of the Accounts of the Society must be highly gratifying to the Fellows, as it proves the Finances of the Society to be in a much more satisfactory state at the close of the last year, than it was their duty to report at the end of the previous year 1852. The causes of this condition are to be found,— In the first place, in the greatly increased amount of money received for Admissions to the Gardens, which has exceeded by £3413 18s. the receipts of the year 1852, and by the large amount of Garden Sales, by which £1834 14s. has been re- ceived without detracting from the uses or attraction of the Collection, as the preceding amount for Admissions would sufficiently demonstrate, and presenting an increase of £1130 7s. 3d. over the receipts of 1852; but this source of Income is only an exceptional one, and has probably reached its extreme limit. It may perhaps be as well to mention, that part of this amount is made up by the sum of £700 received for two Giraffes, and £115 by the sale of a Lioness, besides the Arrears of previous years, amounting to £206 8s. 6d., collected in accordance with a recommendation in the last Report. And Secondly, in the decrease of Expenditure. It will be seen that in the three items presented to the considera- tion of the Council in the Auditors’ Report of 1852, a con- siderable saving has been effected, viz. in Salaries and Wages, £167 9s. 1d.;in Advertisements, £353 19s 0d.; and in the Cost of Provisions for Animals, a saving of £335 14s. 4d.,—a result in the latter instance highly gratifying, seeing that many kinds of provisions had increased in price during the last four months of 1853 by nearly 50 per cent. 6 The Expenditure for New Buildings, and Works and ’ Repairs, although still considerable, shows a decrease of £1943 4s. 2d., compared with 1852. The Assets and Liabilities of the Society are also in a much more satisfactory condition, presenting a decrease of Liabi- lities amounting to £1631 19s. 9d., with an increased Ba- lance at the Bankers of £387 4s. 1d. The number of Fellows is only identical with that of 1852, on account of the removal of 60 names from the List in ac- cordance with the Bye Law, Chap. I. Sect. IX.; but’ the amount received from Annual Subscriptions has increased £135 3s. The Committee do not find any other object worthy of re- mark, it being patent that the liberal and energetic policy pursued by the Council, aided by the zealous administration of the Secretary, has mainly tended to attract the public at- tention, while at the same time, it more fully realizes the legitimate objects of the Society. It is therefore hardly ne- cessary to recommend a continuance of this wise and useful course ; but it may be anticipated that some diminution in re- ceipts will arise upon the completion of a new and magnifi- cent object of attraction in the suburbs of the Metropolis, which may probably divert the attention, if but for a time, of the sight-seeing public; therefore the policy of increasing, not only the attraction of the Gardens, but the facilities by which the public may be admitted at all times and at all sea- sons is much to be recommended. This, with a due eco- nomy in all branches of expenditure most especially exercised in “ Buildings” and “ Works and Repairs,” will, it is trusted, é%a 7 enable the Society to present as favourable a financial state- ment next year, as the Committee of Audit have now the pleasure of doing. The Accounts have been as usual most clearly and intelli- gibly kept by the Accountant Mr. Leigh, and the acknow- ledgements of the Committee are due to him for the facilities afforded to them in the progress of the Audit. LIONEL BOOTH. ' JOHN VAN VOORST. ; “JOHN TOMES. CLEMENT GEORGE. WILLIAM MARTYN. . J. NEWMAN TWEEDY. A. PEYTON PHELPS. 11 Hanover Square, March 27, 1854. PRESENTED 24 sal - a “9 tae, on) prereey an pers > , 3 a 1 ilies Sines one ‘ ; santol 2 Ae , ve $A. te: Re, ae i Cant bi 8S. ne Coins an nasd ovis 2111 OFA Be nl Tushivooh. ond d te sub owe satisting vil tos asics Ae, te angi ort Os wets Ai alts ¥ shia “ oraielt ; int cA Yer ' sO WBOL! et) wire RAE f VUTHAM MALIA . xt Sha An os a tinh nes oe tas ach MOPRS NG ets ah . rie ins 4% ipa i > ; meet 33 Dad Afar , _ ae: sai hers 5 a av Rie Sar ; Bin a 2 i > ieee og seul eS 3 i? a ee # Abeer wae Sressnc a nly ag hae, 2h a Pt anne oe ae al i. 1 nis heen ? es dit Pinechy. ei > Sh on ‘tie Hee Baath ss > % ried ahocceeus . REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 307g, 1855. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1855, «ye ion > awe Ly - ein my REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. In accordance with the provisions of the Charter, the Council have now the pleasure of presenting to the Society their Twenty-sixth Annual Report. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. FeLLows AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIBERS. ‘The number of Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual Subscribers at the present time amounts to 1736. Of these, there are Compounders, paying £20. . . . . 279 Ditto ditto |, £30. 4. jer 0. 205 Paying annual contributions of £2 . . 420 Ditto ditto La 94694 ID Grde? MENS eC, AM, Taide, OCS ted ed Admission Feesunpaid. . . .. . 21 Ditto FEeDNitted es Poo 5 Annual Subscribers, paying £3 . . . 46 Of these, 114 have been elected since the last Anniver- sary. The number of deaths during the same period_ has been 48. The number of resignations has been 17; and the re- movals ordered by the Council, in conformity with the Bye-laws of the Society, have been 4. The number of Candidates is 21. The total number of Fellows has been increased by 45, and now presents, as was anticipated by the Council in their last Report, a full confirmation of the existence of a permanent interest in favour of the Society among the most educated classes. The improvement which has taken place since 1851, notwithstanding deaths, resignations and the removal of defaulters, amounts to no less than 94 A 2 4 Members; and the Candidates already elected and pro- posed for election during the current year are sufficiently numerous to remove all anxiety for the result of the ensuing twelyvemonths. 2. FINANCES. a. Income. The gross Incomes of 1854 must be considered as ex- ceedingly favourable, considering the disadvantageous cir- cumstances of sickness under which the metropolis laboured during the months of June, July, August and September last; for notwithstanding the comparative decrease which took place in the Garden Receipts from the Ist of June to the middle of August, the income of the year reached £16,901 11s. 9d., presenting a decrease of only £606 16s. 9d., as compared with the very successful year of 1853, and far exceeding the seven preceding years, with the exception of 1851. The actual decrease at the Garden Gates only amounted to £544 2s., a sum which has more than once been obtained on a single day; and the gross receipts having been £10,798 19s. Gd., the year 1854 was only second in this respect to 1851, 1831 and 1853, as will be seen by the following Table of Receipts for Admission to the Gardens from their first opening to the Public in 1828. The largest item of decrease was under the head of Garden Sales, by which there was realized £330 4s. 9d. id o less than in 1853. But as the sales in that year were un- usually large, in consequence of the great accumulation of the most valuable class of duplicates which had then taken place, the sum of £1004 9s. 3d., to which the sales of 1854 actually amounted, cannot be considered in any other light than as a most satisfactory proof of the riches and good condition of the Collection. That this source of income will be fully as productive during the current year is already placed beyond a doubt. Feeling therefore that the fluctuations in these two sources of income have been as small as it was possible to anticipate, the Council have great pleasure in noticing the gratifying increase which took place during 1854 in the Subscriptions, Admission Fees and Compositions. The Subscriptions amounted to £2803 12s., and pre- sented an improvement of £239 3s. as compared with 1853. The Admission Fecs amounted to £590, and presented an increase of £160. The Compositions amounted to £900, and presented the very important increase of £380. The inference to be drawn from the steady increase which has been established in these permanent sources of income since the year 1851, is eminently gratifying, as affording incontrovertible testimony of the appreciation by the intelligent classes, of the efforts which the Council have made to extend and improve the general scope of the establishment, while rendering it as accessible and as popular as the constitution of the Society will permit. That this course has been eminently successful in securing the approbation of the Public, for whose benefit it was intended, is admirably established by the following comparison of the number of Visitors subsequent and anterior to 1848:— ° Table of Visitors to the Gardens. SS ee A aa ; 1828-1847. | 1841-1847. | 1848-1854. Periods ...... { 20 years. 7 years. 7 years. Total number......... 3,353,199 733,088 2,462,125 Annual average ...... 167,659 104,726 351,732 6 And taking the year generally, it is most satisfactory to the Council to observe that the decrease in the total number of Visitors, as compared with 1853, in consequence of the increase of Fellows, and the admissions by Fellows’ orders, only amounted to 1400, notwithstanding many unpropitious circumstances, while the decrease of Visitors at the British Museum, as compared with 1853, amounted to no less than 201,851; the comparative numbers being as follows :— British Museum. Zoological Gardens. 1853 ...... 661,113 1853 ...... 409,076 1854. ...... 459,262 1854 ...... 407,676 The great successes of previous years were even ex- ceeded on the Easter Monday and Whit Monday of 1854; an aggregate of 37,370 persons having been admitted to the Gardens on those two days alone. b. Expenditure. The ExpENDITURE paid in the year 1854 amounted to £19,043 19s. 5d., consisting of £ s d. Arreare Of 1653)... 0 47 a Alesberiw a Snt Seeeee eee Extraordinary Expenditure for Permanent Biildiage.in 854,255. yf eek) Garten) SRO Lee Ordinary Expenditure. . . . . . . 14,201 18 4 £19,043 19 5 Of these payments, £17,568 17s. 10d. was provided for by the income and previous Banker’s balance, and £1840 by the sale of £2000 Reduced 3 per Cent. Stock. With reference to the latter operation, the Council have to observe that it would have been unnecessary, as it was unanticipated, had not the increase of income derived from the Garden Admissions, which characterized the first five months of 1854, been counteracted by the rapid decrease which took place, as before alluded to, during the preva- lence of the epidemic in June, July, August and Sep- tember. 7 The whole sum sold out is more than represented by the permanent Buildings which have been erected in 1854. Feeling, however, the desirableness of maintaining a sufficient reserve fund to meet possible contingencies, the Council, in arranging the expenditure of the current year, have determined to reinvest the sum sold out during 1854, before any further works are executed. They have pleasure in stating that the income received up to this time amounts to one-fourth of their estimate for the year, while the expenditure, notwithstanding the high price of provision, falls below their estimate, without in any way diminishing the attraction of the establish- ment, which they consider as vitally important to the existence of the Society and the prosecution of its objects. The ExTRAORDINARY IxPENDITURE for Permanent Buildings, Works, and Improvements, includes the follow- ing works :— Hippopotamus House. Glass Screen for Lions’ Dens. Additional Fittings of the Aquavivarium. Refreshment Stall. Repair and Improvement of the Monkey House. Anteater’s House. Green House. New Roads and Drainage, and some minor works, amounting in all to no more than £2593 9s. 5d. The OrnDINARY EXPENDITURE :— 1. The Expenditure for the Purchase and Carriage of Animals amounted to £1924 19s. 4d. The most import- ant item in this branch of expenditure is the cost incurred in transporting from Cairo the fine female Hippopotamus, which was presented to the Society by His Highness the late Viceroy of Egypt, at the solicitation of the Hon. C. A. Murray and the Hon. F, C. Bruce, Her Majesty’s Consul- General in that country. The experience acquired in 1850 rendered this a comparatively easy undertaking ; and the Council have again to express their thanks to the Directors of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company for their liberality and care in giving facilities for the safe conduct of this valuable animal. 2. The Menagerie Expenses amounted to £1307 Os. 3d. Coals, Straw, and Sea-water have proved the heaviest items under this head, which includes a considerable amount of 8 labour, and all the miscellaneous expenses of the establish- ment not otherwise accounted for. 3. The Provisions amounted to £3609 12s. 7d., not- withstanding the extensive use of horse-flesh in feeding the Carnivora, and every other economy which could be safely practised with regard to the health of the animals. This increase is principally due to the advanced price of meat and of hay, the quantity of these articles now con- sumed in the Menagerie being far more considerable than in former periods, when the Collection of Carnivora, Pachyderms, and Ruminants was far inferior to its present state. 4. The Repairs, Painting, &c. have amounted to £2577 4s. 10d. Wear and tear in an establishment like that of the Society is necessarily very great, and the only means of reducing the expenditure under this head within mode- rate limits is to prevent the accumulation of dilapidations, as well by constant and timely attention, as by substituting brick and stone for wood whenever it is possible. The great improvements which have been effected in this last respect will, the Council trust, enable them hence- forth to effect a considerable decrease in this part of the expenditure, considered in relation to the great extent of the Society’s property. 5. Gardeners’ Department. — The expenditure under this head amounted to £792 18s. 1d.; of which £567 17s. 9d. was the cost of labour, and £140 19s. 6d. for the purchase of Plants, Seeds, and Evergreens. The effects produced appear to have given general satisfaction to the Fellows as well as to the Visitors, and the Council have every reason to be satisfied with the improved results of this interesting accessory to the attractions of the Society’s establishment. Among several minor donations to this department, it is only fair to distinguish the liberality of Mr. Turner of Slough, who presented 1500 of the finest Dahlia Plants, and furnished the large parterres on the south side of the Garden in the most brilliant and effective manner. The increased stock of those plants which have proved most successful in the Regent’s Park is now so consider- able, that, except under very adverse contingencies, the gencral effect of the Garden must be still more striking in the course of the current year than even in the summer of 1854. 9 Assets and Liabilities. The Caso Assets of the Society on the 31st of De- cember 1554 amounted to— 6008. Money at the Bankers . . u? SER E5) 5 Paid for £3000 Red. 3 per Cent. Stock. . 2635 2 4 Due on account of Subscriptions . . . . 422 0 0 e pi fvory Tickets. cr 7 0 & 3 Publreations .:'\..0% 88 13 0 a ss Garden Sales. . . 310 -O Total’. ss Sa518 Lees - The LIABILITIES at the same time amounted to £2834 17s. II. PUBLICATIONS. During the year which has elapsed since the last An- niversary, the arrears of the Proceedings, with the excep- tion of the last Meeting in 1854, and one other number now in the press, have been brought up to the latest date, and the letter-press of the current year, as far as the 10th of April, is now ready for delivery to the Fellows. Nearly the whole of the Illustrative Plates have been executed up to the close of 1854, and the issue of them will take place as soon as the colourist has completed his work. Arrangements have been made which will ensure the issue of the Proceedings in monthly or bimonthly por- tions, and render them one of the most rapid vehicles of zoological publication in Europe. The quality of the Illustrations, in which the vertebrate portion is mainly from the hand of Mr. Wolf, is admitted to be unrivalled in the periodical literature of Natural History. Papers by Professor Owen on the Anatomy of the Ant- eater, and of the Anthropoid Apes, are in preparation for the next Part of the Transactions. III. LIBRARY. The usual additions of Scientific Periodicals have been made to the Library, principally from publishing Societies in exchange for the Society’s works. The series of original Drawings, alluded to in former 10 Reports, as recording the characteristics of the most rare and interesting animals in the Menagerie, has been con- tinued, and includes the following additional species :— Lioness and Young. Tasmanian Wolf. Diard’s Cat. Black-tailed Deer. Grey Ocelot. Young Brush Turkey. Indian Lynx. Indian Stork. Red Lynx. Iceland Falcon. Genet, n. sp. Greenland Falcon. Bassaris astuta. Cerastes gabonicus. American Skunk. Hardwick’s Partridge. The principal Donations to the Library since the last Anniversary consist of Zransactions and Proceedings trom The Royal Society. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. The Linnean Society. The Entomological Society of London. The Royal Irish Academy of Dublin. The Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris. The Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Berlin. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich. The Senkenbergian Society of Frankfort. The Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Breslau. The Dutch Society of Sciences of Haarlem. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Madrid. The Imperial Academy of Sciences of Copenhagen. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm. The American Philosophical Society of Philadelphia. The Wisconsin State Agricultural Society. The Royal Society of Van Diemen’s Land. Mémoires, Journals, Annals, and Reports have also been received from The Royal Geographical Society of London. The Royal Agricultural Society of England. The Geological Society of London. The Horticultural Society of London. The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. ll The British Association for the Advancement of Science. The Society of Arts. The Royal Institution of Great Britain. The Art-Union of London. The Royal Botanic Society of London. The Ethnological Society of London. The Statistical Society of London. The Literary and Philosophical Society, Liverpool. The Geological Society of Dublin. The Lyceum of Natural History of New York. The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. The Franklin Institute. The Smithsonian Institution, Washington. The Boston Society of Natural History. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris. The Museum of Natural History of Paris. The Royal Agricultural Society of Lyons. The Imperial Academy of Lyons. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich. The Physical and Natural History Society of Geneva. The Society of Natural Sciences of the Canton of Vaud. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Belgium. The Royal Society of Sciences of Liege. The Natural Society of Sciences of Neufchatel. The University of Basle. Donations have also been received from Dr. Auguste Duméril, Corr. Mem.; M. Petit de la Saussaye; M. Guérin-Méneville; M. Felipe Poey; Dr. P. Bleeker; M. -Pouchet; M. Carl Ruhn; Professor J. J oseph Bianconi ; Mr. Babbage; Professor J. J. S. Steenstrup ; Dr. Edward F. Kelaart, Corr. Mem.; The Commissioner of Patents, United States; Captain Marcy, U.S. A.; Captain L. Sit- greaves, U.S.A.; Dr. Amos Binney ; The Honourable East India Company ; Dr. Marshall Hall, F.Z.S.; George Pilcher, Esq., F.Z.S.; Philip Kernan, Esq., F.Z.S.; N. B. Ward, Esq.; the Editor of the Athenaeum Journal; the Editor of the Zoologist ; the Editor of the Literary Gazette ; the Editor of the Pharmaceutical Journal; the Editor of the Agricultural Magazine. 12 ~ IV. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. a. WorKSs. The Works effected during 1854 were necessarily very extensive, and include— 1. The Hippopotamus House.—This is a large building of great strength, with a bath 35 feet in length, 15 feet in breadth, and 9 feet deep ; fenced with massive iron railings ofa strength commensurate with the enormous force which the animal is rapidly attaining. 2. Glazed Screen to the Lions’ Dens on the north side of the Terrace, 30 feet in length by 20 feet in width. The efficiency of this structure in preserving the health of the young animals which have been kept in it during the winter, has been most severely tried, and has proved eminently successful. The provisional arrangement of tarpaulin blinds on the south side of the Terrace has been no less fortunate, and has given further proof of the necessity of protecting the stronger Carnivora against wind, damp, and sudden transitions of temperature. No casualties whatever have occurred in the Terrace, containing a collection which cannot be estimated at less than £2400 in actual commercial value; the illness which attacked the Asiatic Lions, in consequence of exposure at the early part of the winter, having yielded to judicious treatment. 3. Entire repair and improvement of the Monkey House, including the fitting-up and arrangement of the basement, with a fenced and paved yard in the rear. The ameliorated atmosphere, and the increased cleanli- ness of this building have reduced the number of deaths to less than six in the course of the winter; while three young Monkeys have been born in it. 4. The entire repair, refitting and rearrangement of the old Parrot House, now adapted for small Carnivora, for which there was no accommodation previously. Here also the animals have almost entirely escaped disease ; the death of the Wolverine, obtained through Mr. Wolley, being the only noticeable instance. 5. A Winter House for Carnivora, with Aviaries annexed (200 feet long) in the Park, consists principally of build- ings removed from the neighbourhood of the Broad Walk, where the odour of the animals was offensive. Having x « ts 13 been thoroughly repaired and rearranged, they now form a useful construction for Carnivora of moderate size, and are eminently calculated for the more delicate species. The Aviaries contain an interesting collection of Pheasants, Grouse, &c. &c., and are generally applicable to any species of Gallinaceous Birds. 6. Making and bottoming with brick several ponds. 7. Several hundred yards of roads and walks with effec- tive drains. 8. Glass House and Enclosure for Anteater. 9. Repair and rearrangement of the Basement Story of the Giraffe House, now containing sleeping apartments for six Keepers, and a variety of useful accommodation which has proved of great advantage. 10. Repair of the Semicircular Aviary in the South Garden, in which the Tasmanian Wolf, and many of the more de- licate Grallatorial Birds have passed the winter in safety. 11, Eagle Cage, in the Flower Garden, 15 feet in length by 10 feet in depth, exclusive of a Shed to replace the Building removed to the Park. 12, Three useful Sheds for the Dissections, Gardeners, and Slaughter-men. 13. Repair and rearrangement of the Greenhouses. 14. Together with several Minor Works, which have placed the Menagerie Establishment on a sufficiently ad- vantageous footing, not only to preserve the animals effec- tually, as is evinced by the great diminution of casualties, but to preclude the necessity for any further immediate outlay. b. MENAGERIE. The general health and condition of the Menagerie is of the most satisfactory character, and the Council have great cause to congratulate the Society on the very remarkable success which, notwithstanding the disadvantages of an unusually prolonged and adverse winter, has preserved the Collection from any casualties beyond those which are of inevitable occurrence in an assemblage of nearly 1200 specimens, gathered from the most opposite climates and necessarily subject to extremely unnatural conditions in confinement. By gradually eliminating the species of least importance, and by losing no opportunity of adding a new one, the Council flatter themselves that they have carried the interest of the Collection, as a series of zoological types, as far as circumstances will admit. The success which has attended their efforts thus far is so encouraging, and 14 the public appreciation of it so earnest, that they have no hesitation as to their power of maintaining the improve- ments they have thus far effected. Looking at the pecuniary value of the Collection alone, they cannot but regard it as more than doubled within the last seven years, and the gross amount of it, from the unique character of many of the animals added within that period, must be estimated at a very large sum. In the scheme which the Council propose to themselves for the maintenance of this splendid series (beyond which, numerically, it is impossible to go, with the existing means of accommodation), their principal object will be to present as many types of form as possible, with the view of illus- trating the generic variations of the Animal Kingdom, rather than to accumulate a mere mass of species from which comparatively little can be learnt by the Visitor. By a careful selection of this kind, the Council believe that the general plan of the Founders can be best carried out; while they desire to lose no opportunity of contribu- ting their aid to another most interesting and important object, which entered so largely into the first project of this Society, namely the Acclimatation of Exotic Animals, whose economic utility or beauty renders them desirable. If hitherto but little progress has been made in this di- rection, it is mainly because the experiment has not been vigorously prosecuted, and the conditions of a Menagerie, at all times open to vast crowds of Visitors, are not alto- gether the most favourable for success. Much success may be obtained however even under these circumstances, as the Council have now satisfactory proof in the Society’s Establishment. And they have the greater pleasure in bringing these interesting facts to the notice of the Fellows in consequence of the foundation of a sister Zoological Society in France, whose efforts are solely directed towards this object. The animals to which the Council particularly desire to allude are the Eland Antelopes of South Africa; the Australian Brush Turkey; the Impeyan Pheasant, or Mo- naul of Northern India, and two species of the true type of Pheasant from China and Japan. 1. Toe Evanp. Boselaphus oreas. In the year 1851, the Society received as a bequest from their late President, the Earl of Derby, five Elands. Of these two were males, received in the month of June in 15 that year from Natal, and then aged about 10 months; the other three were females, one bred at Knowsley, about the year 1844, two imported from Africa in the year 1850, having been probably fawned in 1849. From these females six fawns have been produced since their arrival in the Society’s Garden. 1. 2, born July 29, 1853. 2. 3, born July 4, 1853. 3. 2, born Jan. 10, 1854. 4. 2, born July 8, 1854. 5. 2, born July 8, 1854. 6. 2, born March 3, 1855. Of these, one female has been sent to the Continent, and the herd consequently now consists of three males and seven females. One of the old females, and the eldest of the fawns bred here, are now in young. The certainty of their reproductive power in the climate of Europe is thus clearly established. The rapidity with which they attain their size is also fully made out by the development of the first and second fawns, not yet two years old, but already thirteen hands in height; notwithstanding the disadvantages under which they have laboured, as young stock, from too close con- finement, The quality of the flesh as an article of food, according to the unanimous evidence of hunters and travellers in Africa, is exquisite. The amount of protection they require is not greater than that which is given to fatting cattle in first-rate esta- blishments. There is therefore no room to doubt that the herd now possessed by the Society, if managed to the best advantage, may be made the means of acclimating and establishing in the parks of England a new animal, not less beautiful than deer, and scarcely, if at all, inferior to venison as an article of food. The accommodation which is afforded by the Society’s Establishment being inadequate to the number of Elands which have thus accumulated there, it is absolutely neces- sary that their number should be reduced, and that the very interesting and important experiment of continuing the herd so successfully commenced, should be carried on elsewhere, In parting with the surplus stock of these animals, the Council are naturally anxious that they should pass into 16 hands in which their economic value will not be lost sight of, as they justly believe that much credit will be acquired by the Society if the acclimatation of this noble species is permanently effected. 2. AUSTRALIAN BrusH TurRKEY. Talegalla Lathami. The pair of Australian Brush Turkeys received in 1849 and 1850, having exhibited a desire to breed, were placed in the summer of last year in an enclosure provisionally adapted for them, where they had access to abundant ma- terials for making a mound. They commenced their work immediately, and between the 16th of May and the 21st of June, ten eggs were de- posited in it. The first egg was completely hatched out on the evening of July 18. Four other eggs came to maturity at subsequent periods, but from some unknown cause, three of these young birds died soon after exclusion from the egg, and before they left the mound. The fourth bird, equally strong and promising as the first, met with an accidental death at about a fortnight old. The first bird escaped all casualties, and is now as large as its parents. Being unfortunately a male, there is no immediate pro- spect of its adding to the present number; but the parent birds are still in perfect health, and exhibit every promise of continuing the interesting experiment of last year, with, it is to be hoped, a more extended success. Should this prove to be the case, the singular and im- portant fact of the required temperature for hatching being attainable in this climate, having been satisfactorily demon- strated, there is little room to doubt that this bird may be ultimately established in this country ; if not wild, at all events in a semi-domesticated and artificial state. The flesh of the Talegalla is stated by Mr. Gould to be of admirable quality, and it is evident from the number of egos deposited last year, that their rate of increase is at least equal to that of ordinary game birds. The experiment which is this season to be repeated with the Talegallas, will also be tried with the pair of Leipoas obtained last year, and there is some probability that the attention which will be given to the slightly different con- ditions required by this species will be as successful as in the former case. i eee eee 17 3. ImpEyan Pueasant. Lophophorus refulgens. Six eggs laid by this noble species, in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen, at Buckingham Palace, having been entrusted to the Superintendent, were placed by him under a Bantam, and two birds hatched out successfully. These birds were allowed to run at large during the summer in a part of the Garden to which the public were not admitted; were successfully reared; lived during the winter in a very slight shed, having access to the open air every day, even while snow was on the ground; and were finally removed to Her Majesty’s possession in the most beautiful health and vigour about the middle of the current month. As these birds are the produce of birds formerly bred and reared at Knowsley, under the same management, and as they evince every prospect of perpetuation, there can beno doubt that, under ordinarily favourable circumstances, this, the most brilliant of the indigenous Game Birds of the temperate zone of the Himalayas, may be certainly established in Europe. And, analogically, we cannot refuse our assent to the con- clusion that all the Gallinacez of that region may be accli- mated here in the same manner, if a sufficient number of pairs are imported in the first instance. 4. JAPAN PHEASANT. Phasianus versicolor. From a pair of this species bred at Knowsley in 1850, the produce of a pure imported male, and a hybrid female of three-quarters blood, ten birds have been reared, six males and four females. These birds have every character of the pure species ; and they are perfectly hardy, having passed the winter under the same conditions as the Impeyan Pheasants. The whole of the females having already commenced laying, there is no doubt that this species also will be effectually perpetuated, and may now be considered ready to be set at liberty in any suitable locality where they will be secure for a certain period from admixture with the common species. As this has already been done on more than one estate with the true Ph. torguatus*, of which the Society im- ported, bred, and disposed of, the birds which originated * Ph. torquatus was bred at Knowsley in 1845, but not established, m consequence of an insufficient supply of imported hens. B 18 the present collections in England, there can be no doubt that the whole six species of the genus Phasianus may be treated in the same manner as soon as a sufficient number of pairs can be obtained. The number of SpeciEs OF VERTEBRATE ANIMALS at present possessed by the Society is upwards of 500, exclusive of Fish, Zoophytes, and Mollusca, of which alone upwards of 300 species have been exhibited since the opening of the Aquavivarium. MAMMALIA. Biecies Guadrimana: 5... CATV aioe mn a OS Rui Rtaine ois tose seus eis > oe PACNYCGRES: op. ey ep, ) Se Edentata and Rodentia. . 19 WRATSINAGR 0} ay atin ae s\ LO —— 153 Birps. Kaptores: 1)..0s¥ «pues sors), 1 48 Insessores . . . .. . G4 SICANBOTES,) 6.4 HA), dean athe) ee Columbz and Rasores . . 55 Grallatores:: .0. s5 ), j= ,ail) e c |...ceevseeeee cafecccosceccse|, 2000...2.. 4) .cccvecceuores 26385 24 Cents: sicccecss } AmbuglSppeesh Vlad. 10, Ok, O80) <4: «scthenn in alcatel Agim oagitg Transactions ...... 2114 6 (PIGOU Fe conc -cenwccekee}sccarsanas tern 22 06 Proceedings......... 18 2 0} 481116. csc... waa! bdvacass soees-| 66 12 6 Ivory Tickets ...... 2) 12: OUP ne IBMIGIE, teasececesens crasecktexises (Oh skagutaall Garden Sales ...... DO OA, ands OUI. len ceevutiebesieahie au emnpee 38 00 288 17 6 |232 2 6) 2685 2. 4/362 15 5 |3518 17 9 LIABILITIES. ! Debts. Bills, &c. estimated at— Gis: ide SS pcamuis For the Gardens, say ......++ seaceacdore: ete SOM LoO Museum ® 5. id... ite. stl Qledenace 19 2 2 —— General Establishment ..... | 273 138 2 2398 8 0 Rent, Rates, &c. unpaid— 334 13 2 For the Gardens ...ccccsesscseevevesners General Establishment .......,. 101 15 10 436 9 0 £2834 17 0 29 The first impression arising from an examination of the accounts of the Society for the present year is one of regret that it has been found necessary to reduce the funded capital by a sale of £2000 Stock, but upon closer consideration the result will be gratifying, as the Expenditure is, to a certain extent, within the control of the Society, whereas the branch of Income which we have most reason to fear to be of a fluc- tuating nature, and from which the largest amount is usually received, namely, the Admission-money taken at the Garden Gates, has not fallen off to an extent at all approaching what might have been expected, considering the many discouraging public afflictions which have characterized the past season, the amount received being £10,798 19s. 6d., which presents a decrease of only £544 2s. Od., as compared with the receipts of 1853, and the large increase of £2869 16s. Od., as compared with the receipts of 1852. The amount of Income received from Annual Subscriptions being £2802 12s. Od., presents an increase of £239 3s. Od., when compared with 1853; and the Admission Fees have also increased by £160, and the Compositions by £380. On the other hand, the Expenditure has increased also. The cost of Provisions has been greater by £778 18s. 10d. than in the preceding year ; an excess which the rise of prices has rendered unavoidable. The Salaries and Wages present an increase of £419 4s. 2d., the principal cause of which is to be found in the sum of £282, which the Council considered it desirable to give to the Servants in the Menagerie in the shape of Gratuities, as a compensation for the present increased value of labour. The most considerable item of Expenditure still remains, as in many former years, charged to Buildings, Works and Re- pairs, the total of which in 1854 amounts to £4210 17s. 7d. £2903 15s. 10d. was spent under these heads in 1853, and £14,957 5s. 7d. during the three preceding years; making a total since 1850 of £22,071 19s, Od. 30 The Committee congratulate the Fellows that there now appears some hope that these large and continued expenses have placed the Buildings, necessary for the proper ex- hibition and preservation of the Collection, in such a state of efficiency as to enable the Society to meet its current expenses out of its current receipts ; and this hope is further strengthened by a resolution of the Council dated Nov. 1, 1854, * That no Buildings or Extraordinary Works should be undertaken before August next, when the state of the Income for 1855 would be known, and the money recently sold out be re-invested in the Funds.” The Committee therefore have reason in stating, that on a careful examination, the affairs of the Society leave much cause for satisfaction, seeing that the uncertain and uncon- trollable sources of Income have proved so elastic, and that the branches of Expenditure which it is quite possible to control and determine exactly, namely that for Buildings and Works, appear to have been placed in a position which will admit of their reduction, for the present, to little more than the cost of preservation, an expense which the improved and solid nature of the existing Buildings leaves just grounds to hope will not be large. The Cash Assets of the Society present a decrease of £2142 7s. 8d.; and the Liabilities an increase of £829 6s. 4d. The prospects of the Society for the present year present an encouraging aspect, judging by the favour which they last season enjoyed, when, under the most unfavourable circum- stances, 407,676 persons visited the Gardens. The increase in the number of Fellows is also a proof of the public estimation of the permanent attractions of the Society, and therefore the Committee confidently anticipate, that, with due economy, the affairs of the Society will present a much improved aspect at the next audit. As usual, they have to notice the exact manner in which 31 Mr. Leigh, the Accountant, has kept and prepared the ac- counts, and they have to acknowledge his readiness on every point which, during the progress of the audit, required his attention or elucidation. LIONEL BOOTH. WILLIAM MARTYN. JOHN TOMES. JOHN VAN VOORST. CLEMENT GEORGE. A. PEYTON PHELPS. 11 Hanover Square, April 16, 1855. PRESENTED 24 APR. 1803 — SINS \ (SB @ Apes oe ee LOY ¢ Soren fneir PITHRMC UAL IV Stig HOY r HT OHOOF. Av aoe aap Pies Bt, anny 2 hppa oently . pasind Forse” a : te fe there: et . Peaiian, She (glace -~ has pr ore on L ndture of “Heb iOBEY ‘oa . st pre wil } Favre Fdtews p— lah per Distiunt ating thes eetore the Caan niftee : Ld ee tieaun > ‘teats of the Boceby vi ; “+ a ware nt ay she nix! snd t. ze “Git. ptact mag REPORTS % OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 297TH, 1856. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1856. ee ROaKod tal aaipee ee + ie, sa: sedan eto ‘REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. In accordance with the provisions of the Charter, the Council have now the pleasure of presenting to the Society their Twenty-seventh Annual Report. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. FELLOows AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIBERS. The number of Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual _ Subscribers at the present time amounts to 1756. Of these there are Compounders, payng £20... . . 268 Ditto ditto! 230s) aise at 7 AVS Paying annual contributions of £2. . . 402 Ditto ditto £3. . . 649 Dormant ev ubairy Oo MAMMALIA. Name of Animal. .. Giraffe. . Elands. .- Leucoryx. . Philantomba Antilope. . Sambur Deer. . Wapiti Deer. .. Rusa Deer. .. Axis Deer. . Alpaca. . Llama. .. Shanghai, or Earless, Sheep. .. Wolves. .- Barbary Mice. .. Galago Maholi. . Rhesus Monkeys. BIRDS. . Cereopsis Geese. Sandwich Island Geese. . Hybrid, between Mountain Goose and Ruddy Shieldrake. . Call Ducks. .. Summer Ducks. .. Dusky Ducks. .- Shovellers. . Gadwalls. . Bahama Ducks. .. Common Teal. . Cross-bred Tufted Ducks. . Ring-necked Pheasants. . Red-legged Partridges. .. Crowned Pigeon. . Crested Pigeons. 15 7... Zenaida Doves. 2... Hybrids, between the Stock Dove and the Naked-eyed Dove. 12... Turquoisine Parrakeets. REPTILES. 17... Yellow Snakes. List or Donors to THE MENAGERIE. His Royat Hienness THE Prince AtBeRrt, K.G., President. A Pair of Nylghaus, Six Shanghai Sheep. His Magsesty tHE Kine or Portueat, F.Z.S8. An Ocelot, an African Civet, Two Capuchin Monkeys, a Sooty Monkey, a Boa Con- strictor. The Viscount Ranelagh. Thirty-sie Young Salmon. Rear-Admiral Kaden. One Hawkbill Turtle. Lady Sarah Spencer. One Yellow-winged Parrakeet. Sir Roderick Murchison, F.R.S., F.Z.S. One Ring-necked Parrakeet. Mr. Alderman Finnis. A.Pair of Young Lions. Frederic Somes, Esq. One Leopard. Burckhardt Barker, Esq. A Wild Ass, a Falcon. W. Smith, Esq. Two Black Bears, Three Silver Foxes, Two Red Foxes, Three Virginian Eagle Owls, One American Robin, Two Golden Eagles. Henry Brown, Esq. One Philantomba Antilope. — Bosch, Esq., of Java. One Young Leopard, One Bin- turong. Mrs. J. H. Vivian. One Guanaco. W. Thompson, Esq. One Great Kangaroo, young. Lieutenant Abbott,75th Regt. One Cashmere Goat, male. Mrs. Samuel Rawson. One Binturong. B. Bolton Barton, Esq. One Tiger, young. Charles Brownell, Esq. One Guanaco. T. Allingham, Jun., Esq. One cross-bred Cashmere Goat. ‘\ 16 John Wolley,Jun., Esq., F.Z.S. Five Scotch Hares, One Willow Grouse, Four Siberian Jays. Benjamin Lancaster, Esq., F.Z.S., J. B. Heath, Esq., F.Z:S. Mrs. Pett. Philip Roberts, Esq. Professor Wilson. Captain R. Scott. G. Nightingale, Esq. Captain Woolcott. Mr. Bishop. G. Lowdell, Esq. Mrs. Lodge. Vernon Abbott, Esq., F.Z.S. R. Stennett, Esq. Miss Francis. Mr. Harry Daws. Mr. Larkins. Mrs. Farrell. Mr. Gibbs. Mr. Hemsley. Charles Adamson, Esq. N. B. Herbert, Esq., R.N. William Clark, Esq. Mrs. Wallace. Mr. Tappins. Mr. J. Devnal. Captain Dowden. Miss Ogden. Mrs. Jackson. John Mitchell, Esq. Edmund Pace, Esq. Mrs. Young. James Sedgar, Esq. One Persian Cat. One Esquimaux Dog. Three Barbary Mice. One Common Hare. One Raccoon. One Malabar Squirrel. One Lime Mastiff Puppy. One Brown Coati-Mondi. One Raccoon. One Brown Coati-Mondt. One Ichneumon. One Grey Ichneumon. One Martin Cat. One Macaque Monkey. One Rhesus Monkey. One Macaque Monkey. One Vervet Monkey. One Lunulated Monkey. One Patas Monkey. One Green Monkey. One Barbary Ape. One Bonneted Monkey. Two Macaque Monkeys. One Mona Monkey. One Bonneted Monkey. One Vervet Monkey. One Mona Monkey. One Macaque Monkey. One Barbary Ape. One Macaque Monkey. One Capuchin Monkey. One Jelerang Squirrel. Colonel Harding, Commandant at Balaklava. John Lee, Esq. Mrs. Bates. Richard Tress, Esq., F.Z.S. One Griffon Vulture, captured on the coast near St. George’s Monastery, in the Crimea. One Ring-necked Parrakeet. One Great Sulphur - crested Cockatoo. One Alexandrian Parrakeet, One Pike. Robert Sutton, Esq., F.Z.S. Mr. O’Connor. Miss Julia Fox. Mrs. Foakes. Richard Emery, Esq. Mrs. S. C. Hall. Mrs. Jones. F. Bond, Esq., F.Z.S. Hon. T. L. Powys, F.Z.S. John C. Kent, Esq. Mr. Davis. W. Wood, Esq. Mrs. Abbott. St. John T. Gore, Esq. R. N. Newcomb, Esq. 17 One Lesser Sulphur-crested Cockatoo. One Grey Parrot. One Citron-crested Cockatoo. Four Clapperton Francolins. Two Ortolan Buntings. One Bulbul. One Common Quail. Two Long-eared Owls (young), Two Collared Turtle Doves. Two Common Buzzards, Two Common Herons, Two Long- eared Owls. One Cuckoo. One Raven. One Vulpine Phalanger. Two Dominican Cardinals. Three Australian Barred Doves. Two Stone Curlews. William Russell, Esq., F.Z.S. One Goshawk. Wilham Bridger, Esq., F.Z.S. Two Little Owls. Dr. Spencer. Mrs. Statham. John Taylor, Esq. J. Whitehead, Esq. Captain Benson. Albert Smith, Esq.,F.Z.S. Henry Moul, Esq.F.Z.S8. Auguste Vera, Esq. W. Ayshford Sandford, Esq. — Newcombe, Esq. Miss Allen. J. Shorto, Esq. One Barn Owl. One Whimbrel. One Vulpine Phalanger. Two Little Bitterns, One Cross Bill, One Twite. , One Great-eared Eagle Owl. One Young Herring Gull, Five Common Carp. One Herring Gull. One Pied Blackbird. One Golden Paradoxure, One Australian Water Tortoise. Two Common Herons. One Land Tortoise. Ten Land Tortoises. C. H. Strutt, Esq., Stipendiary Magistrate at Berbice. Thomas Devereux, Esq. Charles Darwin, Esq., F.Z.S. W. #H. Smith, Esq. G. B. Mickleird, Esq. Hight Land. Tortoises, One Anaconda Boa. One Hawkbill Turtle. One Land Tortoise. One Radiated Tortoise. One Hawkbill Turtle. B 18 L.H.Cumberbatch, Esq. An Otter. F. Green, Esq. One Rock Snake. J. M. Macey, Esq. One Horned Cerastes. Dr. Bowerbank, of Jamaica. Five Yellow Snakes (old), Thirteen do. do. (young), Three Capromys. C. D. Tweedy, Esq. Three Endormenes Snakes. Captain Rolt. Two Alligators. J. P. Gassiot, Jun., Esq. Three Ocellated Lizards. H. B. Bingham, Esq. Six Ocellated Lizards. Mrs. Edmonds. One Water Tortoise. Mr. Briggs. One Smelt. Robert M‘Andrew, Esq., F.Z.S. Two Gulls, Ten Holothurias, Three Pes Pelican, Two Alcyo- niums. Dr. Gray, F.R.S., F.Z.S8. Seven Snails. F. Buckland, Esq. Forty-siz Water Lizards. Mrs. Olive. Two Starfish, Three Actinas. — Forster, Esq. Three Meduse. Mr. Jennings. A Collection of Marine Animals. Mrs. John Buller. Two Slow Worms. Dr. Budd. One Holothuria. Lieut. Townshend (2nd Life Guards). Two Hair Worms (Gordius aquaticus). John Goddard, Esq. Ten Antheas, Four Hermit Crabs, and other Marine Animals. F. Bond, Esq., F.Z.S. Seven Snails. J.S. Bowerbank, Esq., F.Z.S. Freshwater Plants. E. W. H. Holdsworth, Esq., F.Z.S. ; Three Actinia crassicornis, Six Ac- tinias, One Anthus cereus, One Eolis papillosa, Four Madrepores, Nine Water Lizards, Four Cross Bills. Mr. Rich. Actinias and Shell Fish. Professor Owen, V.P.Z.8. One Common Carp. P. H. Gosse, Esq. Ten Madrepores, Four Actinias. Miss M. Jones. Thirty-six Actinias. J.S.Gaskoin, Esq., F.Z.S. One Medusa. Mr. J. Ward. One Crab, and Ten Oysters attached. George Bowles, Jun., Esq. Three Actinias. Dr. Frere, F.Z.S. Freshwater Snails. W. C. Atkinson, Esq., Ann. Sub. Z.S. Nine Freshwater Mussels. 19 Mr. Lloyd. Five Prussian Carp, Three Pike, Three Dace, Two Bream, One Perch, Two Sea Mice, Three Ascidians. George Nevile,Esq.,F.Z.S. Eleven Burbots. Conclusion. In concluding their Report, the Council desire to express their cordial thanks to the CommiTrEeEs oF Avni’, FI- NANCE, AND PusB.icaTion, for the valuable cooperation they have given in the several branches of the business of the Society to which their labours have been applied. In reviewing the events of the past year, and the pro- bable prospects of the present, the Council have to con- gratulate the Society on the numerous additions which have already been made to the number of Fellows, the increase of Visitors to the. Gardens, and the extremely effective state of the Garden Establishment, in which there certainly was never at any time a more varied, more valu- able, or more beautiful collection exhibited than in the current year. PUBLICATIONS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. TRANSACTIONS. ee re. Vol. I., containing 59 Plates ................ Price 4 18 0 Volt Die: > Tas aN ersten, Ste teks) ye be BEE Voight 2 OBR Te irene jsp A lteO AT Rie ig Lae i a lor tabaci ie aioe Say aA. Fy a | eile PRED tots ct yt Ate ee Ena joe Lie Partia nee ie gs: : oe Oa Ce PROCEEDINGS, FROM 1830 TO 1855 26. Vols; s8ve,feloth; boards inns 2) sa.4 7 e8 tekslia Price 7 16 0 Each Volume, separately, price Stix Shillings. PROCEEDINGS, WITH ILLUSTRATIONS. 1849, containing 28 Plates .............-.06. Pree 1s 796 1850, 9g) ND gs OR AS RISELR Vt RN CPs ee 1851, > BO. ARSE, . IPE ae Fg Pee 1852, os D+ = cag Pate ot Be TE ae x le eee 1853, 5 dO ba A ee A hd pes rie ge eo 1854, S BO MEE a oie ae ia apie lig SOLD BY LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, LONGMANS AND ROBERTS, PATERNOSTER ROW; AND AT THE SOCIETY’S HOUSE, 1l HANOVER SQUARE. REPORT OF THE AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS, Appointed January 3, 1856. Tue Committee of Auditors having carefully examined the Accounts of the Society for the year ending December 31, 1855, and having inspected all the Books and seen Vouchers for all the Payments, as ordered by the Council, now beg to lay before the Society the following Abstract of such Ac- counts, together with a Statement of the Assets and Lia- bilities of the Society, and a Report thereon. 22 RECEIPTS. SB Bee Balance of Cash brought from Dec. 31, 1854.......,... Heal eases 362 15 5 INCOME. Belonging to years 1850 [ Subscriptions ..........6. pesiees seeeseevecs to < Proceedings .....seesereseeeesseesenstreceers 1852 | Transactions .......seereeee meee paceecaassn Admission Fees ....++.sess. Pctcavava eases 18534 Annual Subscriptions ..,...... sioidan ees = TYANSACHIONS ssencccsscncnscsccssensccdeees Admission Fees ...cc0..ssecccssseoccnsssrs 1854 — Subscriptions edu dense = senate =a vory Tickets ..... riges net ssns aonb aseoiasin= | Proceedings........ Saedensseesies ee eeeeeeenes Admissions to Gardens .......+++++ eaaees Garden Sales .....scsscecsceesssesssceeeses Rent for Refreshment Room ......... Admission Fees .....sseseeeee- esp acheeens Compositions .......++s meeidectae eocvcseccs=a Annual Subscriptions ........ cecceeceseeee Ivory Tickets ...sessesssessencegerseseeeees Transactions ..cocscessereee Semis wae'es sas Proceedings ......+++++ Set itceanscsecdsacee Dividends .....ccecssesseeessccsese eecencce Museum Sales..c...ssssceessencees ceeuaeciee | Miscellaneous eereneceseseceees sacscececeees 1855 1856—Annual Subscriptions (anticipated) «+-|............00000+ 1857— ditto (ditto)... ..-- ie 1858— ditto (Gitta) 3) Medicine for Animals £12 2s. 6d.; Mis- cellaneous £11 65. 5d. .....-00+e-+] 23 BIL | ccce cece ewes Straw, £350 5s.; Sea-Water and Car- ~ riage, £107 6s. 6d.; Coke and Char- CORR ATOLIOR eles vidio Sain wtelstee alejeice|BeN ave hove t ate Coals, £95 10s. 6d.; Police, ‘£77 11s. 3 } Labourers? Wages, £329 lls. 1d.; Shoeing, £9 11s. 6d.......------++ |, “ere eee 1,317 8 6 Ropes, Mops, Brooms, Brushes, £30 10s. 10d.; Saw-dust, £15 1s.; Bird Sand, * ERED) Role Mele Vaiss sialdis v\eiaiere ereipietarsistaret ts RON toys eee ‘ Ironmongery and Smiths’ Work, #10 lls. 7d.; Saddlery, £8 4s.1d. ....]...... Miscellaneous, including Baskets. Carting, Candles, Pans, Soap, Thermometers, Tolls, Tubs, &c., £48 14s.......--].... yards ce J Keepers’ Dresses .....-.--+e+ ese cceseerene Sia aja ooh cah ener 90 14 0 New Buildings and Works connected .........- TBS O38 soc cee 595 18 9 Other Woes, Repairs, Alterations, &c. :— Gardens 27.5. leew eesne ajein ida lajalbia\eis a sisi General Establishment .......... ee 88) 98) Son 10) sce, eee } 2,076 18 7 Garden Expenses :— Plants, £61 11s. 7d.; SilverSand,#516s.| 67 7 7 |.......cceceee Plants. and Carriage, £84 18s. ; Brooms, 410s. ; Light Boxes, £7 4s.; Pots, ES TDR ov rae tinrctaveterae © odie 'v bate ele elel| dare alae: bicheras@ 6 ? Peat, Turf and Loam, #16 19s. 3d.; “Ash 626 9 1 Rods, £4 17s.6d.; Silver Sand, £2 Ante as oe - Labourers’ Wages £425 17s. 6d.; Miscellaneous, #8 19S. .....eee--0|. r Band Expenses :— Music, £239 8s.; Programmes£20 18s.6d.|.,....... ale 260 6 6 Advertisements :— Omnibuses, £26 12s.; Newspapers, . SEA AR, Wag sulcke Wien <0 5's\a}si@e p/n sei Omnibuses, £20 45.3 ‘Newspapers, 220 4 0 LU GOLA RS varie «a6 iateya Veta) aimislabee’s tale tae 4s ciate eels House and Office Expenses :— Soap, Candles and Oil, €8 17s. 8d. ; Mis- cellaneous, £4 as uz, APSR ale 419116 10 |e, ge Keepers’ Washing, £5 13s, 10d.; Gas, £5 18s. 1d. ; Si, Soap and Candles, Aa SR Gd ate WA PE as, alee a sows Tea, Coffee, &c., for Meetings, #11 Os. 3d.; Coals and Wood, £21 18s. ; Brooms 187 18 6 and Mops, £1 TORE eM els |e aah ers Medical attendance on Keepers, £22 5s. ; Postages, £54 5s. 8d.; :. sian ESO VAR; Diels seats eee sals ster Library Expenses :— Framing and Mounting Drawings, €7 15s, ; 6d.; Books, £4 10s.6d. ...... Pod \iaald al a et ee oe Books, £56 10s. 8d.; Duty and Carriage, #4 4s.; Binding, £4 10s. 6d..|............ f 98 4 2 Water-colour Drawings, £20 13s. ......]......+-000 Museum Expenses .........+-e-seeee Hodke bss 716 8 28 8 8 Stationery .........2.+.005 a elua vive seascies ealele 27 14 0 4817 1 Printing (Miscellaneous) ..........-.0+eeseeees 68 10 6 12210 0 Transactions ....... Pesws a Cotman ss cule eeinnile y sateen oan Ue 2316 0 Proceedings ..........+-.5- Soe orae oecnae «--| 147 3:10 621 18 9 an Law Expenses ........... Be nispaslatule e174 afuie sie nie ef cn kcarvanm crate 25 0 Sa Returned Subscription ..........:sseeeceeeee|ececsneesees 3.0 0 14,737 2 11 Ordinary Payments ........ a iatetstut efeuin sass . age % Extraordinary Payments........... Bemidatanred ais epee seater hs. er fe 7 14,737 2 11 26 Expenditure incurred in 1855. Paid in the Unpaid, Year. Dec. 31. Total Gon eee eds Levwsst de ae Se Rent, Rates, 80. ssecsccscsrss asnes 405 1 0 EON aad (alas 977 8 Salaries and Wages, including Gratuities and Pension to 5,104. V5.0.) Sere scaweSshoet oss 3,104 15 late Superintendent......... : Cost of Animals | f..2s.vesctescsces 498 18 6 96 2 6 595 1 Carriage of ditto and Keep- 9013 7 a) \awigp 91 16 ers’ EXpenses: :..sseoesee coves Provisions......-2s- 0s. s saseass'eavar 3,347 2 2 511 9 9 | 3,858 11 Menagerie Expenses .......++4+. P1939 03 1 225 5 1) 1,424 13 Keepers’ Dresses ......sccessecvess DORE Oi casateskcr ccesecty 90 14 Works, Repairs, &c. ..+.....200- 1,346 5 10 261 13 9 | 1,607 19 Garden Expenses....... Soeketss see 559 1 6 6 6 565 10 Band Expenses | ...+0+....,.-:e%0 PAT RHO I) SAIS Sean = 92 260 6 Advertisements ...........46 Somer LBD OLS MOM Re kecteee a. sees 189 8 House and Office Expenses......) 174 2 6 Se 192 4 Library Expenses ...........00+ 85 18 2 7 6 6 93 4 Museum Expenses ..... sepestaace 20 12 0 66 1 0 86 13 Dlationerys 7.5). M actress st .2e ae nee 4 Nila a 13 5 2 34 8 Printing (Miscellaneous)......... 53 19 6 57 17 6 111 17 Transactlous..o-s0s.0s0esn0=5-Go 020s 23:16 0 016 0 24 12 PraceCdinpst...c..csesseresasesccees 474 14 11 461 12 2 936 7 Returned Subscriptions ........ 30 O | .co0s ee ce ecnene 3.0 11,949 0 4] 2,299 10 1 | 14,248 10 a o — Crmoowomnroacononwr & Oo or 27 The Committee, in presenting their Report to the Society, have the gratification of observing, that notwithstanding the high price of provisions, a great decrease of Expenditure has been effected since the last Anniversary, amounting to no less than £4306 16s. 6d., as compared with the year 1854, and to about the same amount as compared with the average of the last four years. Your Committee trust that the same system of economy may be successfully continued, without in any way impairing the usefulness and efficiency of the Institution, and thus en- able the Council to bring the Expenditure once more within the compass of the Receipts, which, during the past financial year, has not, they regret to observe, been entirely the case ; as the Expenditure incurred exceeded the Receipts by the sum of £159 15s. 8d. The Income, as compared with the very favourable year 1854, exhibits a decrease of £2812 17s. Od. The principal items being— Admission Fees . . . . . . £280 Compositions . . . . . . . £470 Admissions to Gardens . . . . £2345 3s. 6d. The Admission Fees and Compositions are, however, equal to the average of the last seven years; and the Admissions to the Gardens, even in this reduced state, are rather above than below it, if the extraordinary year of 1851 is excepted. The first impression made by so large a decrease in the sum paid for Admission to the Gardens by the public, would have caused some anxiety for the future, had not the Committee satisfied themselves by tracing the source whence this loss has chiefly arisen. They found that nearly the whole of the defi- ciency occurred in the earlier months of the year, and must in a great degree, if not entirely, be attributed to the unfavour- able state of the weather at the time of the holidays at Easter and Whitsuntide, the receipts during the summer and au- tumn months having nearly equalled those of 1854. In reference to the large expense incurred in printing the Society’s Proceedings (without which the general decrease of Expenditure would have been considerably more important), the Committee have to observe, that this expenditure, amount- ing to £936 7s.1d., has been necessarily incurred in conse- quence of the desire expressed at the last Anniversary that the publications, which had been permitted to fall into arrear, should be effectively brought up to the current date. This _has now been done, and the Committee congratulate the Fel- lows that there is every prospect of the publication of the 28 Proceedings of the Society being conducted with regularity, and at the usual annual expenditure. Your Committee find that the Liabilities on the 31st of December present a trifling increase of £111 7s.6d. There is an increase of Assets, as compared with the previous year, of £689 5s.4d., arising principally from the proceeds of the Museum Sales, which can only, however, be considered as an extraordinary and accidental source. The arrears of Annual Subscriptions amount to the sum of £449, notwithstanding the addition to the number of Elec- tions, which have reached an annual average of no less than 103 in the last four years. This steady increase in the number of Fellows, notwith- standing numerous deaths and some resignations during the year 1855, your Committee regard as a subject of much congratulation, as demonstrating in the most satisfactory manner that general interest in the operations of the Society continues to be unabated. The Committee beg, in conclusion, to recommend to the attention of the Fellows the enlarged statement of the Ac- counts which accompanies this Report, affording extremely detailed information on the various items of Expenditure, and illustrating the exactness with which the books have been prepared and submitted to them by the Accountant, Mr. Leigh, to whom, as on former occasions, the Committee de- sire to record their acknowledgments. CLEMENT GEORGE. JOHN D. SALMON. SAMUEL OXENHAM. A. N. SHAW. WILLIAM MARTYN. GEORGE BUZZARD. ROBERT LOW. 11 Hanover Square, March 5, 1856. PRESENTED 24 APR. 1908 REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 29TH, 1857. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1857. REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. In accordance with the provisions of the Charter, the © Council have now the pleasure of presenting to the Society their Twenty-eighth Annual Report. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. FeLLows AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIBERS. The number of Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual Subscribers at the present time amounts to 1779. Of these there are— Compounders, paying £20. . . . . 260 Ditto GO, EAU i gl oo ere csrers Se Paying annual contributions of £2. . . 389 Ditto ditio se ait) 310. SORE Dormant aeiice Tua he Sone oh tala | ak ad Admission Fees unpaid, _. .....-.....,19 Ditto POMUILCU sos bettie | ice gun Annual Subscribers, paying £3. . . . 54 1779 Of these, 76 have been elected since the last Anniver- sary. The number of deaths during the same period has been 38. The number of resignations has been 15. The number of Candidates is 9. The total number of Fellows has been increased by 23. 2. FINANCES. a. Income. The Income of 1856 amounted to £15,279 17s. 8d., and presents the gratifying increase of £1191 2s. 11d. over the year which immediately preceded it. There is no doubt A 2 4 that this increase would have been considerably larger, had not unfavourable weather at both the Easter and Whitsuntide holidays, as well as on several Saturdays during the summer months, materially affected the amount of THE RECEIPTS AT THE GARDEN GATES. The sum received from this source was, however, £2492 above the average of the whole 28 years which have elapsed since the foundation of the Establishment (the Ex- hibition year only excepted), having amounted to £9204 17s. and being £751 1s. in advance of 1855. The Garden Receipts of the eight most successful years take the following order :— (Ro a SE S00) 1S) Aaa trata sin ae mapei -4 bf. 7 eS no air i 7c ‘5 iss aes " AG: ai bis: Sohrse ng : Ad afte ii thie oat et: pobesraprst salty ol}, FoR? beseditt EJac ted MUG « oud dgiclat adnepts stot vets Kadt bo ord yeaa ure ee Linky CISL s5) ho OPO TIN eH oR ask j oeftaae athle arte) ube IOB., 2d Po upyATtO TY SUR res ¥ ‘Sotham ofa yi fo eif- afte Ojoit™ jivals Sinar: : name é ‘a. us Loren dete? ou - i— ~ REPORT OF THE AUDITORS OF THE ACCOUNTS, Appointed January 1, 1857. Tue Committee of Auditors having carefully examined the Accounts of the Society for the year ending December 31, 1856, and having inspected all the Books and seen Vouchers for all the Payments, as ordered by the Council, now beg to lay before the Society the following Abstract of such Accounts, together with a Statement of the Assets and Liabilities of the Society, and a Report thereon. RECEIPTS. Balance of Cash brought from Dec. 31, 1855. |.......sseoesessesleeesees INCOME. Belonging Proceedings ......++++++++ Sesieesccessoorenes 1854~ Subscriptions ...........++ 6 ot ae: Transactions ...,.0+eee+eeeeee aro conc { Admission Fees .....+..+...+++ soagisee tp | Subscriptions ......+++++..+ Scanger ence Ivory Tickets ........ssesseseeneeerereeeees 18552 Transactions ..ccccccccccccescsssescrcceses Proceedings.ce.ssceeseesreeeeccseeretensees Museum Sales...coccsesssessesessceceseees Garden Sales .........-+++++ Se asninascncne’ ( Admissions to Gardens ............ ECrOee Garden Sales :.<.-:sccenss ? = W. Africa. Mexican Jaguar. Leopardus Hernandesit. Mazatlan. Harp Seal. Phoca grenlandica. N. America. Bosch Vark. Potamocherus africanus. S. Africa. Mexican Deer? Cariacus mexicanus. Ste. Croix. BIRDS. Raprores. Urubitinga Eagle. Morphnus urubitinga. Monte Video. Brahminee Kite. Milvus govinda. Hindostan. American Barn Owl. Striz americana. N. America. InsEssorzEs. Purple Plantain-eater. Musophaga violacea. W. Africa. Ring Ouzel. Merula torquata. Europe. SCANSORES. Green-moustache Parrakeet. Paleornis affinis. Tndia. RaAsoREs. Crested Guinea Fowl. Guttera cristata. S. Africa. Cheer Pheasant. Catreus wallichit. N. India. Red-breasted Ceriornis. Ceriornis hastingsit. N. India. Black-backed Kaleege. Gallophasis melanotus. NN. India. White-crested Kaleege. Gallophasis albocristatus. N. India. Hill Partridge. sncscesdbsonsucecerncseses Za 0 78 BFOCCEGIN Senos ccenceccesecs-copessaceseen >) 88 5 1 Garden Sales ...............00- wecuresorer 212 0 0 INEGI a IES assereeccoreaeaecsce-essasner 190 0 0 Bi ea fai | ( Admissions to Gardens ............+000+. 8981 16 0 Garden Sales \.c.-ccccscecesrancncasvensse-s 100 WG) A Rent for Refreshment Room _......... 400 0 0 Adusission Fees: s.s.cweiseeasosusacdeh «cast 200 0 0 Compositions .......0.s000.sceseesscsseeses 420 0 0 1857 Annual Subscriptions ..........2.....2+00+ 2693 15 0 Ivory Tickets ........ ede ap ene taracretees 87 14 0 TEYANSACHIONS” 2. cccecsace-csssyecacsesess coe 33 7 0 Proceedings ......+++.. dponese sonaatas soeee| 146 19. 6 Museum Sales...........+-ceeeee> ee 228 5 O Dividends fennsescdensperet=seecsens edoqids 85 13 9 | Interest on Deposit Account ............ 26.8 9 14,059 15 4 1858 Annual Subscriptions (anticipated) ...}.......e0...eeeee 12 0 0 INCOME RECEIVED IN 1857....... Sausnunsl| tot egceevewcnses ..|614,822 15 5 | 14,822 15 5 Proceeas of Sale of £1000 3 per Cents Red at 92, (April 7) .....000 Be icuiens ee act asec asus deeoas Aes ieee see ssdnssacn| See £16,297 2 3) PAYMENTS. General Gardens, Museum, Estabt. Total. EXPENDITURE. Belonging to years Rent, Rates, Taxes, &¢. .....0...c00e- Bills......... Fon Hoccmee Reeves 1230 18 2 Repayment of Loan advanced Dec. 1856......... : 1856 1674 211 Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. ....... neato Salaries, Wages, Gratuities, &c Cost of Animals .................000. one Carriage of Animals and Keepers’ Expenses ......... Wepece sa ee Keepers’ Dresses.........0. Provisions ...........0..08 aresncraeess Menagerie Expenses ..........s0...004 Works, Repairs, Alterations, &c. ... 1857 Garden Expenses ses.....eeeeceseceeee Band Expenses ............. aPime icin Advertisements | | | _ Paid on account of the current year ......... wo oecnt — BTL NTO OD tO op EXPENDITURE PAID IN 1857 seeeeeeee/11040 12 9] 119 11 3191 16 2/14,352 0 8 ; dl ————S—S—S—=—=—————— Paid for £1000 3 per Cents Red. at 91S (August 2) osc cceces ccc. -t-cec : 913 15 0 General Account Petty Cash Account Cash at the Banker’s, December 31, 1857. { £/16,297 2 8 26 The Assets and Liabilities on the 3lst of December 1857 were as follow :— ASSETS. Arrears of Capital Funded. Cash. Total, Previous Current Years. Year. Oe dE eda. Se sail) Liisa seid Cash sts Banker’ s-2.)-<.d2. cdot oscdlse tech lee amecneovecs cA lOBL ov ONLOSL. Ze sO Paid for £3000 Reduced 3 per }|............ Sadie Sepagi vce] O28. BO CLO) sees dots 2628 19 10 Cents. .....6... Ann. Subscriptions | 60 0 0 |162 0 Oj...... seeeaee destl Sc atyversneee 222 0 0 Transactions ...... U5 GaGa B8e 15) tl venssccaccce doses |ecenesnananeee 54 1 8 Proceedings......... G8 3 6 173 10 Of...secceeccrseees|icccvecssenvee 241 13 6 Ivory Tickets ...... 3) Be Oa LON 1G: (0)... 0c2.s.ccncve:| cccanvcus asdos}i lentes 10 Garden Sales ...... @ 10, Og/598) 13 G6... 02 peepeteteealueed hocgadenes 606 3 6 Museum Sales...... 60 0, O-| 28.10 O}.....0... soe Reaaepann 88 10 0 214 3 O j101118 8] 2628 19 1(/1081 7 0/4886 LIABILITIES. Debts. £ 3s. a Speed Bills, &c. estimated at— | For the Gardens, say .......- pavevereeus 434 4 2 General Establishment ...... 261 15 11 —_——_—_— 696 0 1 Rent, Rates, &c. unpaid— 167 3 10 For the Gardens, say .....sssseereeee ° General Establishment ....... 56 0 = 3 Payments in 1857. Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. :— RETA an ai ctpinisle ix ai6/abson, sle's'a anaes ek General Establishment .............--+ Salaries, Wages, Gratuities, &c. :— GAKCETIS 2 orefaje/epela te #icastclorelclele ye alvie alvtafejaie id General Establishment ...........++.05 NGESEIOL -ATIIMNAIG cas. civ'ulelele s/c c/olevateleic ole sjelese cic o/si8 Carriage of Animals and Keepers’ Expenses :— Freight, Dock Charges, and Gratuities . Carriage and Keep of Animals, including a Collection from India............ Provisions :— Miscellaneous ...........ceeeseree vere Cost of Cattle .......... PACED Ob obood Menagerie Expenses :— Straw, £121 10s.; Coke, #49 1s. 6d.; Coals, #47 8s. 6d.; Police, £15 18s. 6d.; Water Supply, £50; ’Sea-water and Carriage, £26 5s.; Brooms, #2 9s.; Miscellaneous, £10 19s. ld. Straw, £279 19s.; Coke, £73 19 6d.; Coals, £114 6s. ; Police, £9 0s. 6d. ; Labourers’ Wages, £290 3s. 5d.; Water Supply, #25; Sea-water and Carriage, #89 15s. 10d.; Shoeing, £11 7s. 6d.; Bird Sand, £19 10s... Saw-dust, €14 7s.; Chimney-sweeping, £8 17s. 3d.; ‘Mops, Brooms and Brushes, £24 7s. 6d.; Medicine, 4 2s. 7d.; Saddlery, £2 5s. 6d. ; Miscellaneous (including Soap, Can- dles, Shovels, Water-pots, Knives, Tolls, Hampers, A oa al Repairs, &e.), £51 15s. 3d. Keepers’ Dresses ..........- Works, Materials, Repairs, &c. :— Gardens . . se rsisweddisews ala wii eteherata ke General Establishment ....... Ber EDs Garden Expenses :— Miscellaneous ...........seeeeeeeacees Labourers’ Wages, #362 3s. 9d.; Seeds, Plants and Carriage, €63 19s. 6d. ; Loam and Turf, #12 16s.; Miscel- laneous, £30 BenGdy &: dana House and Office Expenses :— Oil, £8 9s.; Miscellaneous, £3 13s. 11d. Oil, Soap and Candles, €21 16s. 6d. ; Gas at the Gardens, £6 19s. 3d.; Coals and Wood, #15 12s.; Medical attendance on Keepers, #20; Sub- om ee to University College Hos- pit: £5 5s.; Tea and Coffee at Evening Meetings, £10 19s. 6d..... Keepers’ Washing, £5 17s. 6d.; Brooms, Brushes and Mops, #3 4s. ; *Postages, £47 17s. 1d.; Interest on Loan, £12 15s. 3d.; Miscellaneous, 63 UB UAT Aiscein aaedoscic cg done tose ben Band Expenses :— PrOgraMMeS......-ecssececsseresecees Music, £189; Programmes, #14 2s. 6d. Advertisements ...........+-++- Ralsiumieiels wtcrcin.a'6 Library :— New Books ......00+--eceses Breiste pice es New Books, £24 15s. 3d. ; Water-colour Drawings and Mounting, 7 16s. 6d.; 18 Drawings of Fish, framed, £10 10s.; Duty and Carriage, £5 12s. 9d. Museum Expenses :— Camphor and Spirits . ..-...+++.++e00. Commission on Sale of Specimens, £10 15s. 6d.; Attendance, Cleaning and Arranging Specimens, £39 ........ Stationery and Account Books ..... His cara Printing: (Miscellaneous) .........-+.eseseee00s Transactions :— Printing Plates, £56 1s.; Binding, 18s... Engraving Plates, #51 13s. 6d.; Printing Letterpress, #27 1s.; Binding, €3 4s. Proceedings :— Paper for Plates, £12 15s,; Printing Plates, £28 10s. 6d.; Paper for Let- terpress, €49 10s.; Printing Letter- oe £114 14s. 6d. 3 ; Binding, #43 Bipeal Steno tore c aletis cain coria’s wa'ieat eiiale Lithographic Drawings, £112 4s. ; Print- ing Plates, £63 14s. 3d. ; Colouring, #121 16s. 8d. ; ; Paper, #A4; Print- ing Letterpress, £86 14s. ; Binding, 9 5s.; Preparing Index, €5...... Returned Subscriptions .................02005 Repayment of Loan to Bankers advanced in WeckmberwaoGr sweat cent sees wens conse Belonging to Previous Current Total. Year. Year. ad L 8 de fC sda. 443 4 9 538 7 7 66 16 7 165 15 9 } 1214 sae poaditrnaues 2,391 19 4 Biavatie state aan 953 0 4 } 3344 ih 154 14 0 286 0 0 440 14 0 13 4 0 66 ae } 509 6 2 elatave olathe ene 429 12 5 46610 3] 2,005 0 2 Payee ee setae 549 9 0 } 3,020 cas BOs es | etsacecacmete A Bikes at{s\eie vias 913 1 9 1,342 8 5 105.15 1 | 97 3 0 97 3 0 237 011 1,131 9 41}y 24 410] ° 201610 /s 4138 1 QOH Sie nae caeiecs.s aias 498 9 2 brefec\ fuser ee 469 711 ]J 12's 25U0-\Sesskion < LEER 7 226 2 6 Sea dern scete 80 12 3 Asstebcs eee 133 7 4 Ge GR Oiiiiikca seo onne La Se ee 203 2 6 209 8 6 | eojersstepresiae 113.17 6 11317 6 PSWIS SAU ten cs ¢ ae 62 710 Bee eis, «)aiakrs 48 14 6 | MERE (Oo cksiaisth aiaicie.s aie 57 3 6 Norejeielare «te Eke 49 15 6 2444 29 7 2 53 11 6 37 1 0 67 13 0 104 14 0 BONG! Unleesscussansnces 138 17 6 Cer aee 8118 6 SAQA GT Wi | Aetslcceteeaas)e.¢ | | 692 1 0 WLS ato ete ees 442 13 11 | J Bree PN 5: a 12 0 0 12 0 0 BOO Oe OD Iradcane ea. bass 800 0 0 | 2,965 9 10] 11,386 10 5 | 14,352 0 3 Expenditure incurred in 1857. Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. ......... Salaries, Wages, Gratuities and Pensions .......se+es.- Cost of Animals ......++2--+..004 Carriage of ditto and Keep- ers’ Expenses .......... Seas REOVINIONS e4.d-ns01 ontencsneadcweuss Menagerie Expenses ...... secves Keepers’ Dresses ......+++. eseceecs Works, Repairs, Alterations, &c. Garden Expenses....... eececsncees Band Expenses ....+.......00++ °s Advertisements ............ veeees House and Office Expenses...... Library Expenses ............ oes Museum Expenses ......e0esseees NtAHLONPEV 5 devevassvacssesccaccass = Printing (Miscellaneous)......... Transactions(includingPrinting) Proceedings (including Printing) Returned Subscriptions ........ Paid in the Year. £ 704 3,344 286 s. 3 d. Hi wer dé _ oo _ Unpaid, Dec. 31. 4 223 4 1 By haseeaneaanaeens er 157 0-0 2 166 0 9 0 101 15 9 Dil cenat eases teens 2 142 12 7 1 0 15 10 Gali iaecaes eee G Olt oie senses sees Jee 7 Aa 6 910 0 GP) Sasekwase wane oes 2 815 1 0 42 3 6 Ds) enongen sd *envansee 1 189 13 4 WE phe Be onbeh- cate wee 5 919 4 2 Total. Sis jer sh 927 5 3,344 19 8 301 0 0 496 2 2 2,720 9 1) 1,120,125 °7 97 3 0 1,294 18 9 470 3 9 203 2 6 113°17 6 233 12 10 58 4 6 49 15 6 38 2 3 109 16 6 8118 6 632 7 3 12 0 0 12,305 14 7 29 The Committee of Auditors have great pleasure in obser- ving, that while the Income of the Society has been maintained at an amount which is satisfactory, although not quite equal to that of the previous year, there has been a very consider- able decrease in the Expenditure, the payments, including the arrears of 1856, having amounted to £14,352, while in the previous year the payments were £15,839 15s. 7d. The Expenditure incurred in the year 1857 appears to have been £12,305 14s. 7d., while the Income amounted to £14,822 15s. 5d. The heavy liabilities of 1856 absorbed the whole of this surplus of £2517 ; but as the liabilities standing over on the 31st of December, 1857, only amounted to £919 4s. 2d., the Income of the present year will be relieved from any similar pressure upon it, and will, if the expenditure is kept down to its present rate, probably present a surplus, which will tend materially to accomplish that increase of the funded capital to £5000, which was recommended in the Report made at the last Anniversary. The actual decrease in the Liabilities on the 31st of De- cember, 1857, as compared with that of the corresponding period in 1856, was £2043 15s. 8d., while on the other hand, your Committee find that the Cash Assets had increased by the amount of £608 11s. 10d., showing a total improvement of £2652 7s. 6d. in the financial position of the Society. Your Committee note also that the Cash at the Banker’s on the 31st of December exceeded the amount of the liabilities of all kinds at the same date. Your Committee notice with satisfaction, as a proof of the continued popularity of the Society’s establishment, that the number of Visitors on Mondays and Holidays had exceeded those of the preceding year by 11,558 persons, although there is a slight decrease in the numbers on other days in the week. _ In concluding their Report, your Committee have again to return their thanks to the Accountant, Mr. Leigh, for the per- spicuous manner in which his accounts have been submitted to their examination. EDWARD GREENAWAY. JOHN D. SALMON. EDWARD HAMILTON, M.D. SAMUEL OXENHAM. WILLIAM MARTYN. EDWARD PERIGAL. EDWARD JOHNSTONE. 11 Hanover Square, March 24, 1858. PRESENTED Dp - - Pw. —. » 0467 9.50 ~~ re ah et ee ~ks3. ASO. ad pene ry ou 1 REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING, APRIL 297, 1859. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1859, YTAION? TAOTHOLOOR. woanet IO ra i is i= “3 oo =, i Pak eS jes ‘ oe mS a ai) ee Pret asi Ty ie pur TA CAE “ant sa nad ue 5 ee LA Saat wre ITA tay area AKO KOs REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. In accordance with the provisions of the Charter, the Council have now the pleasure of presenting to the Society their Thirtieth Annual Report. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. FELLows AND ANNUAL SUBSCRIBERS. The number of Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual Subscribers at the present time amounts to 1717. Of these there are— Compounders, paying £20 . . . . . 234 Ditto Hitta, £30... 6) ¢. 243 Paying annual contributions of £2. . . 342 Ditto ditto $53) @, 6) «680 Dormant . ... * Utide ud) sh diew peed Admission-fees unpaid . Ri tinty dunesie eee Ditto remitted... + + 1 < 9 Annual Subscribers, paying £3. . - . 56 1717 Fifty-one Fellows have been elected since the last Anni- versary, and four have been readmitted under the provisions of the By-Laws. Fourteen Annual Subscribers have also been elected during the same period. The number of Deaths since the last Anniversary has been 54; and the number of Resignations has been 24. The number of —— for admission is 12. A2 4 2. FINANCES. a. Income. The Income of 1858 amounted to £14,034 12s. 11d., the whole of the permanent sources of revenue having re- mained steady at the average of the last nine years. The state of the weather at Whitsuntide and Kaster caused a comparative decrease in THE RECEIPTS AT THE GARDEN GATE in each of those weeks, but that decrease was subsequently reduced to £100 15s. 6d. on the total of the year. In reviewing the annual results which have been ob- tained since 1850, the Council feel confident that this principal head of Income may be relied on as very nearly approaching £9000 a year, and that in the present con- dition of the Collection’ and Establishment, with such gradual improvements as they propose to continue, the Public will constantly afford their support to this extent at the least. 6. Expenditure. The ExpENDITURE incurred in 1858 amounted to £12,039 11s. 9d., and the Income having reached £14,034 12s. 11d., there was an actual surplus of Income over Ex- penditure of £1995 1s. 2d. Bearing in mind the Resolution which they had announced to the Society in previous Reports, the Council applied this surplus to the increase of the Investment Fund, by the purchase of £1500 Reduced 3 per Cent. Stock, raising the Reserve Fund to £4500 on the 31st of December last : and finding that the state of the Banker’s balance in Janu- ary of the current year, after paying off the whole of the existing liabilities, was sufficiently strong to warrant it, they have since purchased a further sum of £500 in the same Stock, and they have now therefore the pleasure to report that the Reserve has been raised to £5000 3 per Cent. Reduced, as was stated to be their intention at the last Anniversary. The large expenditure of former years has placed the Kstablishment on such a footing, that the Council have been able to reduce the ordinary cost of maintenance within £12,500 per annum; and if the present scale is adhered to, the experience of 1857, when the expenditure incurred. was 5 £12,342 3s. 7d., and of 1858, when it was only £12,039 11s. 9d., proves that this amount may be taken as the ave- rage for the future. There being every probability that the Income will be kept up to an average of £14,500, the Council feel assured that they will now be enabled to add, from the surplus in each year, to the improvements of which the Establishment is still amply susceptible. It appears to them that the financial position to which they have thus conducted the affairs of the Society is a perfectly sound one; and they trust that the wide-spread support which their labours continue to receive as regards the Living Collection, will tend to increase and consolidate the public sympathy, on which the vitality of the Revenue depends. c. Assets and Liabilities. The Cash Assets of the Society on the 31st of Decem- ber 1858 amounted to— Lu Soild: Cash at the Banker’s. . . . . . . 1420 16 3 Cost of £4500 Red. 3 per Cents. . . 4078 7 4 5499 3 7 The Liabilities at the same period were esti- MIME SMTA a es Se 6 oy B90 (OO Leaving a Cash Balance in favour of the So- PR pMEte cde hatch Cote at pe TORUS om presenting an increase of £1908 Os. 11d. as compared with the same day of the preceding year. Ii. PUBLICATIONS. Since the last Anniversary three Parts of the Illustrated Proceedings for 1858 have been issued. Part I., published on the Ist of May, contains ten Plates. Part II., published on the 1st of September, contains ten Plates. Part III., published in November, also contains ten Plates. 6 The above Plates, thirty in number, are executed by Wolf, Ford, and Sowerby, and are divided into the follow- ing series : viz. six Plates of Mammalia and twelve of Birds, drawn by Wolf; two Plates of Reptilia, three of Annulosa, and four of Radiata, by Ford ; and three Plates of Mollusca, by G. B. Sowerby ; the whole of which are executed with the skill and care for which each of these gentlemen are so well and deservedly celebrated. Part IV., containing the termination of the Proceed- ings for the last year, is now on the table, and contains fifteen Plates. The Illustrated Proceedings for 1858 will therefore con- tain the large number of forty-five Plates, thirty-four of which have been coloured with the greatest care from the original specimens, and nearly 600 pages of Letterpress. The price of the Volume to Fellows of the Society is £1 12s. 6d., and to the Public, £2 2s. Od. The Fifth Part of the Fourth Volume of the Transactions, which was announced at the last Anniversary as being in course of preparation, has accordingly since then been published. It contains four elaborate papers by Professor Owen on the following subjects :— Ist. “On Dinornis (Part VII.): containing a description of the bones of the leg and foot of Dinornis elephan- topus, Owen.” and. “On Dinornis (Part VIII.): containing a descrip- tion of the skeleton of the Dinornis elephantopus, Owen.” 3rd. “ Osteological Contributions to the Natural History of the Chimpanzees (Troglodytes) and Orangs (Pithe- cus). No. VI. Characters of the Skull of the male P7- thecus morio, with remarks on the varieties of the male Pithecus satyrus.” 4th. “On the Anatomy of the Great Anteater (Myrmeco- phaga jubata, Linn.), Part I.” These papers are illustrated by eleven Plates of great excellence, executed by Dinkel, Erxleben, and Ford, in the first style of lithographic art. The Council beg here to record their thanks to the Gentlemen composing the Committee of Publication for 7 the attention which they have bestowed on the production of the Journal of the Society, and in the general business of the Scientific Meetings. The whole number of Papers ‘which have been read before the Society, and are printed either in eatenso or in abstract in the twenty-eight volumes of the “ Proceedings,” now amounts to 1606 ; and the last eleven volumes are illustrated by 347 Plates, representing a ~series of new species which no other journal has exceeded. Ill. LIBRARY. The principal Donations to the Library since the last Anniversary consist of Transactions and Proceedings from the following Institutions :— The Royal Society of London. ‘The Linnean Society of London. The Royal Geographical Society of London. The University College, London. The Entomological Society of London. The Royal Society ‘of Literature. ‘The Literary and Philosophical Society of Liverpool. The Portsmouth and Portsea Literary and Philosophical Society. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. The Berwickshire Naturalists’ Club, ~ The Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, The Natural History Society of Paris. The Academy of Sciences of Paris. ‘ The Imperial Academy of Sciences of Vienna. The Royal Academy of Arts of Berlin. The University of Basle. The Society of Arts and Sciences of Batavia. The Imperial Academy of Naturalists of Breslau. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Gottingen. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Munich. The Imperial Academy of Copenhagen. The Society of Natural Sciences of Zurich. The Senckenbergian Society. 8 Mémoires, Journals, Bulletins, Annals, and Reports have also been received from The British Association for the Advancement of Science. The Linnean Society of London. The Royal Geographical Society of London. The Royal Agricultural Society of England. The Geological Society of London. The Society of Arts. The Royal Institution of Great Britain. The Photographic Society of London. The Art-Union of London. The Statistical Society of London. The United Service Institution. The Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. The Royal Institution of Cornwall. The Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society. The Bristol Zoological Society. . The Geological and Polytechnic Society of the West Riding of Yorkshire. The Royal Dublin Society. The Geological Society of Dublin. The Imperial Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg. The Imperial Society of Naturalists of Moscow. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Turin. The Society of Natural Sciences of the Canton of Vaud. The Physical and Natural History Society of Geneva. The Royal Society of Sciences of Neufchatel. The Royal Society of Sciences of Liége. The Royal Academy of Sciences of Belgium. The Imperial Society of Agriculture and Natural History of Lyons. The Imperial Academy of Sciences and Arts of Lyons. The Royal University of Christiania. The Asiatic Society of Bengal. The Franklin Institute. Donations have also been received from the Hon. East India Company; The Secretary of State for India; P. Kernan, Esq., F.Z.S. (deceased); EK. Newman, Esq., F.Z.8.; Jacob Bell, Esq., F.Z.S.; Professor F. S. Holmes; Isaac Lea, Esq., LL.D., Corr. Mem.; James MacAdam, Iisq.; M. Ad. Quetelet; Joseph Leidy, Esq-, M.D., Corr. Mem.; Professor A. Duméril, For. Mem.; Professor Jan; Sig. I. I. Bianconi; the Editor of the Athenzeum 9 Journal ; the Editor of the Zoologist; the Editor of the Literary Gazette; the Editors of the <‘ Atlantis? 3 and the Editor of the Agricultural Magazine. . IV. GARDEN ESTABLISHMENT. a. Works. 1, The Council having strictly adhered to the practice of the previous year, have limited the works in 1858 to those only which were absolutely necessary to prevent deterioration in the Society’s property, and to such minor improvements as were of the most obvious and pressing advantage. The state of the Garden bears evidence of the effect which has been produced; and the new Walk from the South Entrance towards the Reservoir, which has been opened since the end of last year, affords great facility for. the circulation of visitors. 6. MENAGERIE. To give a detailed account of a collection which exceeds 1300 individual specimens of more than 600 species of vertebrate animals, is obviously beyond the limits of this Report; but the Council are desirous of placing in the hands of the Society some record of the state to which they have advanced at this period. The principal divisions of the collection are— 1. Invertebrates. 2. Fishes. 3. Reptiles. 4. Birds. 5. Mammals. I. INVERTEBRATES. The attention of the Council having been earnestly di- rected to the probable success with which Marine Zoclogy might be illustrated in a building specially appropriated for that purpose, an Aquarium was constructed in 1852, and opened to the public in the year 1854. The extreme beauty of the animals exhibited in it, the novelty of the subject, which up to that time had been 10 cultivated but by few students, gave an impulse to the popular study of the inhabitants of river and sea which has extended throughout the country, and has attracted considerable attention on the Continent. A very large number of British species have been exposed in the tanks ; many have bred; many have gone through their stated transformations, and have been observed in all periods of their growth. The following list presents the average number of species of which the collection is composed :— 1. Zoopuyra. 1. Clava multicornis. 4. Hydra tuba. 2, Hydractinia echinata. 5, Flustra —? ——. 3. Coryne sessilis. 6. Bowerbankia imbrica. 2. ACTINOIDEA. 1. Actinia mesembryanthemum. 11. Stomphia churchiz. 2. —— parasitica. 12, Peachia hastata. 3. —— miniata. 13. Adamsia palliata. 4, —-- dianthus. 14. Cerianthus membranaceus. 5. —— nivea. 15. Anthea cereus. 6. anguicoma. 16. —— couchii, 7. —— bellis. 17. Corynactis allmanni. 8. clavata. 18. Caryophylla smithi. 9. coronata. 19. Zoanthus couchii. 10. Bunodes gemmacea. 3. ACALEPH. 1. Medusa aurita. 2. Sarsia prolifera. 4, ECHINODERMATA. 1. Asterina gibbosa. 4, Echinus sphera. 2. Pentacta pentactes. 5. Priapulus caudatus. 3. Ocnus brunneus. 5. ANNELIDES. 1. Serpula contortuplicata. 5. Sabella veniformis. 2 triquetra. 6. vesiculosa. 3. Sabella voluticornis. 7. Terebella 2 4. —— tubularia. 6. Mouuusea. 1, Ascidia mentula. 8. Murex erinaceus. 2. Clavelina lepadiformis. ~ 9. Littorina littorea. 3. Botrylus 2 10. Purpura lapillus. “ Patella vulgaris. 11, Nassa reticulata. 6 7 . Ostrea edulis. 12. Haliotis tuberculata. . Pecten varius. 13. Doris tubereulata. 2 14. Eolis coronata. . Anomia 11 II. FISHES. The species of Fishes now exhibited in the tanks are— I. Conger vulgaris. 13. Barbus vulgaris. 2. Platessa flesus. 14. Cyprinus carpio. 3. Motella vulgaris. 15. —— auratus. -4, Salmo fario, 16. —— gibelio. 5. Esox lucius. 17. Crenilabrus cornubicus, 6. Cobitis barbatula. 18. Zoarcus viviparus. 7. Leuciscus phoxinus. 19, Blennius galerita. 8. vulgaris. 20. Mugil capito. 9. —— rutilus. 21. Gasterosteus leiurus. 10. Abramis brama. 22. —— trachurus. 11. Tinca vulgaris. 23. Perca fluviatilis. 12. Gobio fluviatilis. III. REPTILES. Up to the year 1848, the only attempt which had been made to familiarize the visitors with the structure and habits of the class Rupriuia was by the occasional dis- play of a pair of Pythons, which were kept closely covered in a box of limited dimensions in one of the smaller pro- visional houses for Carnivora in the North Garden. _In 1849 the Council opened a building of considerable dimensions for the exhibition of Reptiles, on a plan en- tirely novel in this country, and the interest with which it was received by visitors very soon induced them to extend the glass cases to double their length, and finally to construct a second house for the great Pythons, which require a much more ample area for their display. The series now includes— BATRACHIA. . Proteus anguinus. 9. Hyla cyanea. Amphiuma tridactylum. 10. Bufo viridis. . Salamandra maculosa. 11. —— calamita. nigra. 12. pantherinus. . Triton cristatus. 13. Bombinator igneus. CONT OT Go BO punctatus. 14. Rana esculenta. . Amblystoma luridum. 15. mugiens. . Hyla viridis. REPTILIA. 1, Opuipta. _ - a Viperide. 3, Naia haje. 1. Crotalus durissus. 4. tripudians. 2. Clotho arietans. 5. Cenchris piscivorus, 12 b. Colubride. ce. Boide. 6. Zamenis hippocrepis. 14. Python sebe. 7. Coluber guttatus. 15. —— regius. 8. —— quadrivittatus. 16. —— molurus. 9. blumenbachii. 17. —— reticulatus. 10. Tropidonotus natrix. 18. Boa constrictor. 11. fasciatus. 19. Chilobothrus imornatus. 12. viperinus. 20. Corallus hortulanus. 13. Abastor erythrogrammus. 2. SAURIA. 1. Anguis fragilis. 6. Lacerta viridis. 2. Pseudopus pallasi. 7. ocellata. 3. Scincus marinus. 8. Ascalobotes mauritanicus. 4, Trogonophis wiegmanni. 9. Grammatophora barbata. 5. Clothonia johnii. 10. Cyclodus gigas. 3. CRocoDILIA. 1. Alligator mississippiensis. 4, CHELONIA. 1. Chelydra serpentina. 5. Emys guttata. 2. Testudo graeca. 6. —— rubriventris. 3. Emys mobiliensis. 7. —— decussata. 4, —— picta. 8. Malacoclemmys concentrica. IV. BIRDS. 1. The collection of NaTaToriAL Birps, although much restricted by the extent of water, contains many interesting species, of which the Manbarin Duck, the Sanpwicu IstAnp Goosz, the Ruppy SHIELDRAKE, the AsHy- HEADED Gooss, the MAGeLuAnic Goose, and the BLACK-NECKED Swan have bred for the first time, and have been acclimatized in the establishment. Others are of extreme rarity, and exist in no other Viva- rium ; as, for instance, the Rep-BREASTED Goose, the AUSTRALIAN SwaAn-Gooss, and the UpLanp Goose. The present number of species possessed by the Society is as follows :— NATATORES. 1. Phoenicopterus antiquorum. 10. Bernicla brenta. 2. Anseranas melanoleucus. 1] canadensis. 3. Plectropterus gambensis. 12. magellanica. 4, —— ruppellii. 13. Chloephaga poliocephala. 5. Chenalopex egyptiacus. 14, -—— ruficollis. 6. Cereopsis nove hollandiz. 15. —— sandvicensis. 7. Auser ferus. 16. Cygnus nigricollis. 8. indicus. 17 atratus. 9, —— minutus. 18. Dendrocygna arcuata. 19. Dendocygna autumnalis. 36, Cairina moschata. 20. Tadorna vulpanser. 37. Fuligula cristata. 21. Casarca rutila. 38. —— marila. 22. cana. 39 ferina. 23. Aix sponsa. 40. Nyroca leucophthalma. 24 galericulata. 41. brunnea. 25. Mareca penelope. 42, Clangula glaucion. 26. Dafila acuta. 43. Lestris catarractes. 27. Peecilonetta bahamensis. 44. Larus marinus. 28. —— erythrorhyncha. 45. argentatus, 29. Anas boschas. 46. fuscus. 30 obscura. 47. ridibundus. 31 flavirostris. 48. Graculus carbo. 32. Querquedula crecca. 49. Pelecanus onocrotalus. 33 circia. 50. —— crispus. 34. Chaulelasmus streperus. 51. fuscus. 13 35, Spatula clypeata. 2. The GRALLATORIAL Birps compose a series of the highest interest, and, although the CaRUNCULATED Crane, the Japiru, the AusTRALIAN JABIRU, and a few other brilliant species have for the present to be replaced, the majority of accessible forms are well represented. Of these the rarest and most remarkable are the WEKA Rai, from New Zealand; the AusTRALIAN PorPHyY- Rios; the Montieny’s Cranes, from Northern China; the Tiger Birrern, from Central America; the SacrEepD Iz1s, from the Nile; and the Crestep Coot, from North Africa. GRALLATORES. 1. Fulica atra. 20. Geronticus zethiopicus. 2. cristata. 21. Ibis rubra. 3. Gallinula chloropus. 22. Leptoptilus argala. 4. Porphyrio melanotus. 23, —— crumeniferus. 5. —— smaragnotis. 24, Ciconia alba. 6. pheenicurus. 25. maguari. 7. Ocydromus australis. 26. nigra. 8. Rallus australis. 27. Tigrisoma tigrinum. 9, Ortygometra crex. 28. Ardea cinerea. 10. Tringa canutus. 29. Buphus bubulcus. 11. Calidris arenaria. 30. Balearica pavonina.: 12. Limosa egocephala. 31 regulorum. 13. Numenius phzopus. 32. Anthropoides virgo. 14 arquata. 33 paradiseus. 15. Strepsilas interpres. 34. Grus cinerea. 16. Hzematopus ostralegus. 35 australasiana. 17. Charadrius pluvialis. 36. —— antigone. 18. Vanellus cristatus. 37. montignesia. 19. Hoplopterus spinosus. 38. Cariama cristata. 14 3. In StrutHious Birps the collection of the Zoo- logical Society is altogether unrivalled. The African Ostrich, the Emeu, the Cassowary, and the Rhea have generally been represented in sufficient number ; but within the last year a specimen of the second species of Rhea (Rhea darwinii) has been obtained; and Dr. Bennett of Sydney has sent as a gift the first individual which has ever been seen of a perfectly distinct species of Cassowary, indigenous to New Britain, which has been described in the Proceedings by Mr. Gould, and named C. bennettii, in honour of the donor. We are thus in possession of the whole of the known existing species of this important family, and have for several years possessed an unique specimen of the Apteryx mantellii, which perfectly represents that singular New Zealand genus, the contemporary of the extinct Moas, and the newly-found Notornis, of which possibly living examples may one day reach us to bear it company. 1. Struthio camelus. 5. Rhea americana. 2. Dromeeus nove hollandiz. 6. darwinii. 3. Casuarius galeatus. 7. Apteryx mantellii. 4, —— bennettii. 4. In the Bustarps, the intermediate link between the Ostriches and the Rasorial or Game Birds, we have, within a very recent period, possessed the three European species, the Inp1an Hovusara, and the very beautiful Bencau Bustarp (Eupodotis bengalensis), of which two fine males still adorn the collection. 5. The Rasoriau or GAme Brrps have always been objects of attention, from their beauty, from their aptitude to domestication, and from their value as an article of food. Although one of the primary objects of the Society was the introduction of exotic species of this group in parti- cular, serious efforts towards that end had been from various causes postponed until the year 1856, when formal appli- cation was made to the Governor-general of India for his assistance in obtaining a sufficient number of the brilliant Gallinacee of the Himalaya, for the purpose of testing fairly the probabilities of success in finally acclimatizing these most desirable species in Europe. The extremely liberal manner in which Viscount Can- ning and the officers to whom he confided the Society’s interest gave their assistance, secured a very large collec- 15 tion of birds of the genera Lophophorus, Tetraogailus, Pucrasia, Catreus, Ceriornis, and Gallophasis. The outbreak of the Indian mutiny interrupted the pro- gress of an experiment which had been organized for tearing a second collection of these birds in the country in the year 1858, which would almost certainly have obviated all the difficulties encountered in the first attempt of 1857. The results which were obtained last year from the Cheer, three species of Kaleege, and the Impeyan Phea- sants in the Society’s Garden, give the most complete confidence as to what would have been the success of such an undertaking. The Birds so reared in their native hills would, without doubt, bear the confinement of the voyage; which proved fatal to so many of the Wild Birds collected in 1857, with comparative impunity. The importance of the additions which may thus be effected to the acclimatized Game Birds of Great Britain has been amply proved by the test to which the young Cheers and Kaleeges reared in the Society’s Gardens have been subjected during the last winter by the Viscount Hill at Hawkstone, and by other noblemen and gentlemen in other parts of the country. The Birds at Hawkstone have had no artificial shelter whatever, and their only pro- tection has been the evergreens which are growing in an inclosure of about two acres in extent. The Impeyan Pheasants have hitherto presented greater difficulties, but by care and attention a sufficient stock has been got up, with the addition of Birds deposited in the care of the Society by Her Majesty the Queen, and by Mr: Clarke of Swakeleys, to give good ground for expect- ing complete success in the present season, This magni+ ficent species is well calculated, from its habits and strong constitution, to live even in the coldest parts of the British Islands; and the four species of Snow Partridge, Tetrao- gallus caucasicus, himalayanus, altaicus, and tibetanus,which are equal to the Impeyan in size, are equally certain to flourish under similar conditions, when the Society shall have been able to import them. The single representative of the MeGaropipa now contained in the collection, is one of the most desirable contributions of Australia, the Talegalla, or Brush Turkey. In 1853, the weather and other circumstances being fa- vourable, the mound which the Birds annually construct 16 in the breeding season was filled with productive eggs, and five were hatched out. One of the Birds so hatched is still living, and, if an importation of Male Birds can be secured, there is no doubt that in a few years the constant reproduction of this curious species would be a matter of certainty. As it is not only extremely prolific, but an excel- lent meat for the table, it is to be hoped that the energetic support which has been recently afforded to the Society in Sydney will soon supply the existing deficiency. Although the Talegalla is the only species of Megapo- didz at present in the collection, the Society have within a recent date possessed the Mallee Bird, Leipoa ocellata, and the Maleo,—a bird so rare, that scarcely any of the Museums except our own and those of Holland contain skins of it. The species of Gallinaceous Birds are as follows :— 1. Tinamus brasiliensis ? 14, Thaumalea picta. 2 2 15. Gennzus nycthemerus. 3. Pterocles alchata. 16. Catreus wallichii. 4. Callipepla californica. 17. Numida cristata. 5. Ortyx virginianus. 18. Meleagris ocellata. 6. cubensis. 19. Polyplectron chinquis. 7. Arboriphila torqueola. 20. Pavo cristatus. 8. Francolinus clappertoni. 21. Talegalla lathami. UE vulgaris. 22. Pauxi mitu. 10. Lophophorus impeyanus. 23. Crax globicera. 11. Gallophasis melanotus. 24. carunculata. 12. —— albocristatus. 25. Penelope superciliaris. 13, horsfieldii. 26. Ortalida katraca ?. 6. The PigEons comprise a very large number of spe- cies, without so essential a variety as other groups of the same value. The following list is, however, more restricted than the Council could wish :— CoLuMB&. 1. Goura coronata. 10. Turtur senegalensis. 2. victoriz. ll. risorius. 3. Calznas nicobarica. 12. —— auritus. 4. Geophaps scripta. 13. Ectopistes migratorius. 5. Phaps chalcoptera. 14. Columba gymnophthalma. 6. elegans. 15. maculosa. 7. Leucosarcia picata. 16. leucocephala. 8. Ocyphaps lophotes. 17. palumbus. 9. Zenaida amabilis. 7. Of the ScansoriAL Birps, the collection of Parrots is undeniably the finest in existence, and for some time has tatiana — HS 2 DNS MPow19 . Paleornis alexandri. . Aprosmictus . Platycercus barnardi. 2. Psittacus erithacus. . —— westermanni. - Eclectus grandis. 17 | never fallen below seventy-five species, and we have in- ’ teresting examples of other families. Fam. PstrTaAcipa. Series Paleogeana, Subfam. a. Palzornithine. Hin- dostan. torquata. Ditto. ——- schisticeps. Himalayas. columboides. Ditto. bengalensis. Hindostan. luciani. East Indies. affinis, Gould. Ditto. javanica. Java and Su- matra. . Tanygnathus macrorhynchus. Gilolo, Moluceas. miilleri. Celebes. erythropterus. Australia. amboinensis. scapulatus. Moluccas. Australia. Ditto. semitorquatus. Ditto. 16. . — ealedonicus. . —— pileatus. . Polytelis barrabandi. Platycercus pennanti. Au- stralia. eximius. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. palliceps. Ditto. melanurus. Ditto. . Cyanorhamphus nove zelan- diz. New Zealand. 24, Psephotus multicolor. _ Au- stralia. 25 hematogaster. Ditto. 26. Calopsitta nove hollandia. Ditto. 27. Euphema pulchella. Ditto. 28. -—- chrysostoma. Ditto. 29. Melopsittacus undulatus. Ditto. Subfam. J. Psittacine. . Coracopsis nigra. Madagascar. Ditto. vasa. Western Africa. Peocephalus _ levaillanti. Southern Africa. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. Peeocephalus gulielmi. West- ern Africa. senegalus. Ditto. meyeri. Eastern Africa. —fuscicapillus. Zanzibar? Agapornis pullaria. Western Africa. Subfam. c. Loriine. Polychlorus magnus. Mo- luceas. Ditto. Ditto. 42, Eclectus cornelia. 43. 44, Moluceas. Trichoglossus swainsoni. Au- stralia. Loriculus vernalis. Malacca. Subfam. d. Cacatuine. . Cacatua roseicapilla. Au- stralia. cristata. Moluccas. . -— galerita. Australia. . —— philippinarum. Philip- pine Islands. 49. 50. ol. 52. 53. Cacatua leadbeateri. Au- stralia. —— equatorialis. Celebes. citrinocristata. Moluccas. moluccensis. Ditto. Licmetis nasica. Australia, B 18 Series Neogeana. Subfam. e. Arinee. 54, Ara ararauna. Brazil. 55 macao. Ditto. 56. Conuruserythrogenys. Guaya- quil. 57. guianensis. Guiana. 58. aureus. Brazil. 59. —— eruginosus. Ditto. 60. Conurus solstitialis. Brazil. 61. carolinensis. North America. 62. Brotogerys pyrrhopterus. South America. 63. Psittovius tovi. Ditto. Subfam. 7. Psittaculine. 64, Chrysotis pulverulenta. Bra- zil. 65 auripalliata. Central America. 66. —— xanthops. Brazil. 67. —— leucocephala. Cuba. 68. sallzei (type). Saint Do- mingo. 69. —— vittata. Porto Rico. WE 78. 79. . Chrysotis festiva. Amazons. 71. Chrysotis ochrocephala. Bra- ail. 72. Deroptyus accipitrinus. Ama- zOnSs. 73. Pionus senilis. §. Mexico. 74. purpureus. South Ame- rica. 75. Caica melanocephala. Ama- zons. 76. Psittacula passerma. Guiana. Fam. Picip2. Picus major. Europe. Fam. MusopHaAaGipD&. Musophaga violacea. Western Africa. Corythaix buffoni. Western Africa. 8. The Percuine Birps are so very numerous, both in genera and species, that, until the extension of the Aviaries affords sufficient space for their accommodation, this division of the collection necessarily remains very im- perfect. NS OUR oo to The following species only exist at the present time :— 1. DENTIROSTRES. . Turdus iliacus. pilaris. merula. —— musicus. —— migratorius. —— viscivorus. , —— torquatus. 8. Turdus peecilopterus. 9. Monticola cyanea. 10. Luseinia philomela. 11. Anthus pratensis. 12. Oriolus galbula. 13. Otocorys alpestris. 14. Alauda arvensis. 19 2. CONIROSTRES. 15. Emberiza miliaria. 16. ——— citrinella. 17. Fringillaria striolata. 18. Crithagra brasiliensis. 19. Phrygilus diuca. 20. Volatinia jacarina. 21. Linota borealis. 22. Fringilla celebs. 23. —— montifringilla, . 24, Passer simplex. 25. Coccothraustes vulgaris. 26. Chlorospiza chloris. 27. Paroaria cucullata. 28. Cardinalus virginianus. 29, Loxia curvirostra. 30. Amadina oryzivora. 31. —— fasciata. lathami. 33. Ploceus oryx. . Hyphantornis textor, . Estrelda amandaya. . —— temporalis. . Vidua macroura. . —— paradisea. . Ptilorhynchus holosericeus. . Pastor roseus. . Sturnus vulgaris. . Gracula intermedia. . Lamprocolius chalybeus. - —— auratus. ). Dolichonyx oryzivorus. . Agelzeus aterrimus. . Corvus corax. . Cyanocorax cristatus. . —— eyanopogon. . Fregilus graculus. . Pica melanoleuca. . Gymnorhina tibicen. 3. FISSIROSTRES. 53. Dacelo gigas. 54. Buceros pica. 55. Podargus cuvieri. 9. The Raproriat Birps present an unusually fine series, containing many rare and interesting types, approached only in variety by the valuable collection belonging to the Zoological Society of Antwerp. STRIGID. 1. Strix flammea. 6. Bubo virginianus. 2. —-— personata. 7. —— bengalensis. 3. Syrnium aluco. 8. —— maximus. 4, Athene noctua. 9. —— erassirostris. 5. Nyctea nivea. FaLCONID&. 10. Serpentarius reptilivorus. - 24. Haliaétus leucocephalus. 11. Milvus regalis. 25. Thrasaétus harpyia. 12. —— govinda. 26. Spizaétus ornatus. 13. Tinnunculus alaudarius. 27. Aquila imperialis. 14. —— sparverius. 28 chrysaétos. 15. Hypotriorchis rufigularis. 29. —— canadensis. 16. Falco peregrinus. 30. —— vulturina. 17. —— anatum. 31. —— audax. 18. —— islandicus. 32. —— bonellii. 19. —— greenlandicus. - 33. Buteo jackal. 20. Haliastur indus. 21. Helotarsus ecaudatus. 22. Geranoaétus aguia. 23. Haliaétus albicilla. . —— vulgaris. . Polyborus brasiliensis. ). Milvago chimango. /. —— leueurus. B 2 20 VULTURIDZ. 38. Gyps fulvus. 41. Gypaétus barbatus. 39. Otogyps auricularis. 42. Gyparchus papa. 40. Vultur monachus. 43. Sarcorhamphus gryphus. \ V. MAMMALS. MonoTrREMATA. 1. The lowest in organization among the Mammalia are the MonotrematTa, which have frequently been repre- sented in the collection by the Echidna, and of which, through Dr. Bennett of Sydney, there is now a prospect of the Society’s possessing the only other form, namely, the Australian Ornithorhynchus. 2. The MarsupiAuia have always occupied the atten- tion of the Scciety, although the nature of the soil in the Regent’s Park is extremely unfavourable to the Kangaroos which inhabit the dry plains and mountains of Australia. The rarest form of this class which appears in the Cata- logue is undoubtedly the Thylacine, of which three living specimens only have reached Europe. The great Red Kangaroo (Osphranter rufus) is also unique in the Society’s collection. The species are as follows :— 1. Phascolomys ursinus. 7. Halmaturus ruficollis. 2. Macropus major. 8. Hypsiprymnus murinus. 3. —— melanops. 9. Bettongia cuniculus. 4. Osphranter rufus. 10. Phalangista vulpina. 5. Halmaturus bennetti. 11. Thylacinus eynocephalus. 6. —— thetidis. 3. The RopeEnt1A, including the Rats, Mice, and many other small forms, are so numerous an Order, that the known species actually amount in number to one-third of the whole Mammalian Class. It is therefore neither desirable nor possible that any representation of the variations of form in so immense a group beyond that of the most striking and important genera should be attempted. The Beavers, the Cavigs, and Porcupines, the Hares, and the SquirRELs, appear to be a sufficient limit, and of these the Society counts on an average about the following number of species :— 21 RoDENTIA. Muride. Leporide. 1. Mus decumanus, var. 11. Lepus timidus. 2. rattus. 12. nigripes. 3. Castor canadensis. 13. variabilis. 4. Myopotamus coypus. 14, —— hibernicus. 5. Plagiodonta cedium, Hae Sciuride. Hystricide. 15. Chinchilla lanigera. 6. Hystrix cristata. 16. Sciuropterus volucella. 7. —— leucura. 17. Sciurus bicolor. 8. Dasyprocta aurea. 18. palmarum. 9. Coelogenys paca. ie capistratus. 10, Cavia aperea. 20. cinereus. 21. Arctomys marmotta. 4. The INsectivora are not only a more limited Order in point of numerical variety of species, but extremely impatient of confinement. Their representation in the collection has consequently been always among the feeblest parts of it. 5. The Cue1ropTera have not been entirely neglected, although their nocturnal habits and the nature of their food render their conservation extremely difficult. The examples of the frugivorous Pteropus, better known by its vernacular name of “ Flying Fox,” will be remembered by every one. 6. Of the Epentrutous Brura, the Society, in addition to the Great Anteater, in the course of the last year ob- tained their first living specimen of Cyclothurus, a most remarkable little animal, for which they were indebted to the care and liberality of Mr. Webb, who observed its habits in the forests of Brazil, and brought it with him on his return from that country. The Dasyropip#, or Armadillos, have been always represented in the collection in sufficient number, and not unfrequently by some of the rarest species. The Brapyrovip4, or Sloths, are so similar in their habits, and the external characters of the species present so few tangible distinctions, that the fine example of Bradypus didactylus, which has now lived for so many years in the Society’s possession, affords a perfect illustra- tion of this singular family, peculiar to South America, and of especial interest, on account of its affinity to some of the most surprising members of the Palzozoic Fauna of that continent. 22 Brvuta. 1. Dasypus villosus. 3. Bradypus didactylus. 2. —— sexcinctus. 7- The Muritnata, which include the WHALEs, Do.puins, and Ducones, whose immense size and ma- rine habits have hitherto exceeded any means of conserva- tion which the zoological establishments of Europe afford, compose the only great division of Mammalia which is altogether absent from the collection. The difficulties which nature has interposed sufficiently account for the vacuum which, up to the present time, has thus unavoid- ably occurred in the series. 8. The extant Prososcipza are limited to three species of Elephants, of which Elephas indicus has never been absent from the collection. The young female which now repre- sents this Order came into the possession of the Society in 1851, at the age of six months, and was the first instance of a calf of so tender an age having survived the voyage from India. The process of lactation was continued for many months; and, although not actually born in the establishment, the exhibition of this specimen afforded every means of studying the habits of Elephantine infancy in the most satisfactory and interesting manner. 9. Inthe Perissopacry.ss, both the multungular and solidungular divisions are copiously illustrated. The Indian Rhinoceros, and the beautiful Tapirs pre- sented by His Majesty the King of Portugal, are types of the multungular; and the solidungular include the ZEBRA, the Quacea, the Hemions, the Hemipps, and the Gour. The Hemippe is the first example of the wild ass of Assyria which has reached this country. The So- ciety are indebted for this interesting animal to the libe- rality of the late Mr. Burckhardt Barker. It has only of late years been discriminated as a species by M. Isidore Geoffroy St.-Hilaire from specimens living in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris, and is on that account of peculiar interest to scientific zoologists. Being thus rich in the animals of this genus, the accession of another member of it, if indeed distinct, from the interior of Persia, whence the museums of Europe have never yet received specimens, ought not to be passed over in this Report. The Hon. C. A. Murray, who has, from the time he long ‘ & ” 23 since gaye his services in the Council, ever evinced the most active and zealous interest in the prosperity and progress of the Society, on his recent return from Persia caused a living female of the Gour to be brought down to Trebizond, and thence shipped for the establishment in the Regent’s Park, where it is now recovering from the fatigues of its long and tedious journey. The liberality of Sir George Grey, the Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, has, together with many other gifts of great importance, added a male Quagga to this portion of the collection ; and the Council have received assurances from his Excellency that the valuable series of South African animals which he has already transmitted for the acceptance of the Society will be followed by the remainder of his collection. PERISSODACTYLA. 1. Rhinoceros indicus. 4. Equus quagga. 2. Tapirus americanus. 5 hemionus. 3. Equus burchelli. 6. —— hemippus. The ARTIODACTYLA contain two sub - families,—the Suina or Hogs, and the Hippopotamina, constituting the Omnivora of Professor Owen; and the extensive group of RuminantT1a, formerly held to be a distinct order. The Suina include about fourteen known species, of which the three most remarkable after the Babirussa, formerly presented by Capt. Sir E. Belcher, R.N., C.B., are undoubtedly the Phacochere, the Potamochere, and the Bosch Vark, all of which are now living in the menagerie. The Potamochere is so rare, that, until the importation of the male belonging to the Society, the museum at Basle contained the only known skin of this singular inhabitant ‘of West Africa. A female having been obtained by the good offices of the Directors of the Museum of Natural History in Paris, three successive litters of this curious Hog have been produced in the Gardens ; and, as the last have escaped the destruction inflicted by the mother on her first offspring, it is now probable that their reproduc- tion will go on steadily. The history of the Hippopotamus is too fresh in the memory of the Society to require any extended notice in this Report, further than that the Council have good cause to congratulate themselves that they did not permit the 24 apparent impossibility of transporting these animals from the distant waters of the Upper Nile to deter them from taking the measures on which they resolved in 1848. The arrival of the first Hippopotamus in 1850 gave an impulse to public opinion in favour of the Society’s establishment, which has continued without abatement to the present time ; and, as there is now some probability that in the course of next year the Hippopotamus will be added to the list of species which have reproduced in the establish- ment, the interest which still attaches to these singular animals will not by any means be diminished. The RuMINANTIA contain a long series of animals re- markable for the most part on account of their beauty, as well as on account of their utility to man—requiring a large space for their successful conservation, and therefore presenting certain difficulties in an establishment of so limited an area as that on which the Vivarium is placed. The CaMELs are, however, fully represented: both spe- cies exist in the collection—the Bactrian Camel being a young female born in the camp of the Royal Engineers, before Sebastopol, in the month of February, 1855. The Luamas are fully represented ; and the Deer have beem especially attended to, not only on account of their picturesque beauty, but on account of the facility with which this cosmopolitan family adapts itself to the climate of Europe. The number of species now living in the Vivarium might be considerably increased if space permitted. The course which has been taken with the Wapiti and Hog Deer by Lord Hastings, and with the Barbary Deer and Sambur Deer by Viscount Hill, who possesses these species in con- siderable numbers at Melton Constable, and at Hawkstone, demonstrates the facility with which exotic Deer, with the exception perhaps of a few tropical species, may be suc-~ cessfully introduced into an English park. The state of the Society’s collection gives hope that in a few years they may be able to send out individuals of C. wallichit and C. duvaucellit in sufficient numbers to en- sure the acclimatization of those desirable species also. In- dependently of the brilliant summer coat of C. duvaucellii, or Barasingha, the fine points in its form indicate a quality of venison which will make it doubly valuable, and as use- ful as it is beautiful. The Grrarres have been treated with uniform success, 25 and no less than eight fawns have been bred by the Society, which, with the exception of the first, have all arrived at as perfect maturity as if they had been born in the wilds of Kordofan. The great family of Anretorzs have many representa- tives in the collection, and the Council believe that when the completion of the new building, now in progress, shall have given them the means of assembling all the minor forms in one series, they will form one of the most striking objects in the Garden. The most important of all Antelopes, in beauty, size, and utility, is the ELanp, and the success with which this animal has been managed is one of the most effective points in the History of the Zoological Society. The original stock came as a bequest from the late Pre- sident in 1851. The following Table indicates the annual increase which has been obtained from them; and it will be seen that the five animals then placed in the Society’s possession have given origin to no less than twenty young. ae Sex. Date of Birth. Place of Birth. Parents. A. od | January 1850............ Imported. B. é ” Ooh ” Cc. 2? Tt a ee x D. 2 9 oft Pidusssbeseas “ E. Q | April 7, 1846............ Knowsley. F. Q June 29, 1853 ......... Society’s Gardens | By A out of C. G. & | July 4, 1853... os , By A out of D. H. Q | January 10, 1854 ...... ” ” By A out of E. 16 Q July 8, 1854 ............ ef 9 By B out of C. J. Q er Splavdasse eas “ace. “ of By B out of D. K. Q March 8, 1855 ......... 7 7 By B out of E. L. Q May 13, 1855 ....0.... is + By G out of C. M. gy June 8, 1855............ 5 ae By G out of F, N. 3 September 27, 1855 ... F “ By G out of D. O. Q March 1, 1856 ......... A i By G out of C. P. 3 April 10, 1856 ......... 53 25 By G out of F, Q Q. | May 21,1856 ......... 3 7 By G out of E. R g | December 4, 1856...... » ” By G out of H. s @. | July 18, 1857......... ne “ ” By A out of E. it -9 May 22, 1858............ a + By A out of C. U 9 August 10, 1858 ...... 5 % By A out of E, V. 3 September 1856......... Hawkstone......... By G out of I. W. Q | June 1857 ............. - eh; Piacemea --| By G out of I. X. g | March 27, 1858......... TriaNt phttesone By G out of K. i. g | June 1858.0... song Pan en By G out of J. 26 ARTIODACTYLA. a, Omnivora. 23. Cephalophorus maxwellii. 24. —— monticola. 1. Hippopotamus amphibius. 25. Pelea capreolus. 2. Sus scrofa. 26. Tragelaphus sylvaticus. 3. Potamocheerus africanus. 27. scriptus. 4. —— penicillatus. 28. Capra jemlaica. 5. Phacocheerus ethiopicus. 29. —— falconeri. 6. Dicotyles tajacu. 30. Ovis tragelaphus. i : 31 vignil. b. Ruminantia. 32, siusiton: 7. Bos taurus, var. 33. Camelopardalis giraffa. 8. Catoblepas taurina. 34. Camelus bactrianus. 9. Portax picta. 35. —— dromedarius. 10. Boselaphus oreas. 36. Lama pacos. 11. Oryx leucoryx. 37. peruana. 12. Addax nasomaculata. 38. huanacus. 13. Kobus sing-sing. 39. Cariacus mexicanus. 14, Adenota kob. 40. Blastocerus campestris. 15 lechee. 41. Cervus canadensis. 16. Gazella euchore. 42. —— duvaucellii. 17. —— cuvieri. 43. —— axis. 18. subgutturosa. 44. —— hippelaphus. Lo: dorcas. . 45. —— rusa. 20. Tragops bennettii. 46. —— wallichii. 21. Cephalophorus grimmia. 47. Hyelaphus porcinus. 22. —— burchellii. 48. Alces machlis. The Carnivora are represented in all tjeir principal divisions: the Pinniarapes by the Seal; the PLanti- GRADES by the Bears, Racoons, and other species; and the DigiTiGRADEs by a magnificent series of Felide, which far exceeds any other collection in Europe. Among them has recently appeared a new species of Jaguar from Western Mexico, described in the Proceedings by Dr. Gray under the name of Leopardus hernandezi. The death of Mr. Knight of Mazatlan has prevented the Council from obtaining an account of the habits of this animal, for which they had applied to that gentleman ; but it appears, from other information, that this new species has a con- siderable range on the west coast, and probably extends far into the interior. The Clouded Tiger, Leopardus mascrosceles, is another species only found in the Society’s collection, and the Council believe that the fact of the Ocelot having bred in confinement is also elsewhere unknown. The series of smaller Carnivora includes many very in- teresting species, which future extension of accommodation 27 will make more conspicuous. The most attractive perhaps of the whole are the pair of Fennecs, which were obtained in 1858. a. Phocide. 25. Canis pallipes. 1. Phoea vitulina. 26. ——-- aureus, 27. —— mesomelas. b. Urside. 28. -—— simensis. 2. Thalassarctos maritimus. e. Viverride. 3. Ursus arctos. 29. Viverra civetta. 4. isabellinus. 30. Genetta senegalensis. 5. —— americanus. 31. —— tigrina. 6. —— tibetanus. 32, —— felina. 7. Prochilus labiatus. 33. pardina. 8. Procyon lotor. 34. Herpestes fasciatus. 9. Nasua rufa. 35. —— smithii. 10. Cercoleptes caudivolvulus. 36. Cynictis levaillantii. c. Mustelide. 11. Lutra vulgaris. 12. Meles taxus. . Arctictis binturong. . Paradoxurus typus. f. Hyenide. fail a ag he PE 39. Hyzena striata. 14. Mellivora ratel. ee 15. Grisonia vitiata. P ronan 16. Galera barbara. g. Felide. 17. Mustela erminea. 42. Gueparda jubata. 18. Putorius foetidus. 43. Leopardus macrurus, 19. Martes abietum. 44, pardalis. d. Canide. 45. —— concolor. 46. —— viverrinus. 20. Vulpes zaarensis. 47. —— macrosceles. 21. argentatus. 48. varius. 22, —— fulvus. 49. hernandezi. 23. —— niloticus. 50. Tigris regalis. 24. —— azarex. . Leo barbarus. The collection of QuapRuMANA is always maintained in a sufficiently complete state to demonstrate the dif- ferences which characterize their triple division into STREPSIRRHINI, or Lemurs ; PLaryrruint, Monkeys of the Western Hemisphere; and Cararruini, Monkeys of the Eastern Hemisphere. A great number of species have from time to time ap- peared in the Monkey House, and it has been proved by the experience of several years that they can only be kept there successfully when a proper relation is maintained between the number of individuals and the cubic contents of the building. The series is at present in a satisfactory state of com- 28 pleteness, as to the leading characters of the order; and the excellent health in which the animals are maintained is fully proved by the fact, that no year has recently elapsed without a certain number of births among the hardier species. ” a. Stepsirrhini. 9. Macacus cynomolgus. 1. Lemur nigrifrons. 10. radiatus. 2. —— eatta. 7 Tain sa hii 3. —— albi ; Carre Wea iin hi 13. Cercocebus fuliginosus. b. Platyrrhini. ila a 4. Cebus apella. 16. engythithia. 5. —— fatuellus. 17, —— diana. 6. Saimaris sciurea. 18. alee 19. C ephal rearlus. e. Catarrhini. 20. pital paige ahi 7. Silenus veter. 21. babouin. 8. Inuus pithecus. 22. Presbytes maurus. In this brief review of.a collection of living animals, which, great as the exertions which have been made in the sister establishments at Antwerp and Amsterdam undoubtedly are, is still pre-eminent in variety and extent, it has been impossible to give more than indications of the riches which it contains. But some idea of them may be formed from the fact that in 1847 it was composed of little more than 900 individuals, many of them of the most ordinary kind; and that at the present time, after eliminating year by year the least important and least in- teresting species for the sole purpose of making room for the best, the numerical return has mounted to 1304. In acknowledging, as they do most cordially and grate- fully, the great and increasing assistance received from the numerous donors whose names are this day read to the meeting, they do not wish to assume that the collection, although so considerably advanced, is by any means com- plete, or that there do not exist many serious lacunz which it is their anxious desire to fill up. They desire to show that progress has been made, that the co-operation of their supporters is appreciated, and that they on the part of the Society are steadfastly determined to do justice to such invaluable exertions on behalf of zoology as those for which they have to record their thanks to the Governor General of India, and to the gentiemen associated with him in obtaining the Himalayan Pheasants; to the Governor of 29 the Cape Colony; to Capt. Moore, R.N., the Governor of the Falkland Islands; to W. D. Christie, Esq., Her Ma- jesty’s Minister in the Argentine Confederation; to the Hon. Charles Augustus Murray, Her Majesty’s Minister in Persia; to Sir John Bowring, Her Majesty’s Minister in China; to Mr. Rutherford Alcock, H.M. Consul General in Japan ; and to the other members of that extended band of correspondents, whose positions throughout the world give them unparalleled opportunities of affording valuable assistance to the Society. List or ANIMALS WHICH HAVE BRED IN THE GARDENS OF THE ZOoLocicaL Society BETWEEN THE 297TH OF Aprit, 1857, AND THE 29TH or Apnit, 1858. MAMMALIA. . Persian Deer. Sambur Deer. Rusa Deer. Barasinga Deer. Hog Deer. Eland. Leucoryx. Nylghaie. Cuvier’s Gazelle. Vigne’s Wild Sheep. Silver-Grey Rabbit. Puma. Ocelot. Wolf. Silver Fox. West-African River Hog. Chinchilla. American Flying Squirrel. Dorcas Gazelle. Barred Ichneumon. Brown European Bear : Black Pei Bear } Hybrid. BIRDS. Impeyan Pheasant. Cheer Pheasant. Purple Pheasant. 30 Black-backed Kaleege. White-crested Kaleege. Californian Quail. Victoria Crowned-Pigeon. Crested Pigeon. Senegal Pigeon. Cora Dove. Barred Dove. Undulated Parrakeet. Cardinal Grosbeak. Zenaida Dove. Black-necked Swan. Ashy-headed Geese. Mandarin Duck. Summer Duck. Call Duck. Muscovy Duck. Mountain Goose. Casarca cana Hoke Ruddy Shieldrake. Casarca rutila f° Y0"% Dusky Duck. Anas obscura 3 Half-bred Dusky Duck. (Anas obscura 3 +} Hybrid. and Anas boschas 2) Tufted Duck. Bahama Duck. Common Turtle Dove. Sandwich Island Goose. Cereopsis Goose. List or ANIMALS EXHIBITED FOR THE First TIME IN THE GARDENS oF THE ZooLocicaL Society or Lonpon, BETWEEN THE 297TH oF APRIL, 1858, AND THE 29TH OF Aprit, 1859. I, MAMMALIA. Hutia. Capromys fournieri. Presented by J. G. Tyrice, Esq. Spix’s Cavy. Cavia spiaii. Fennec Fox. Vulpes zaarensis. Ant-Eater. Cyclothurus didactylus. Presented by E. B. Webb, Esq. Mazame Deer. Bilastocerus campestris. Presented by W. D. Christie, Esq. Monkey. Macacus -? Lechee Antelope. Adenota lechée. Presented by Sir George Grey. 31 Maxwell Antelope. Cephalophus mazwellit. Presented by Sir George Grey. Rehbock. Pelea capreolus, Presented by Sir George Grey. Bush Bok. Tragelaphus sylvaticus. Presented by Sir George Grey. II. BIRDS. Plantain Eater. Musophaga violacea. Large Tinamoo. Tinamus major. Small Tinamoo. Tinamus Mooruk. Casuarius bennettii. Presented by George Bennett, Esq. Ruppell’s Spur-wing Geese. Plectropterus ruppellit. New Zealand Rail. Rallus australis. Presented by T. Walker, Esq. American Siskins. Chrysomitris tristris. Waxbill. Presented by Mrs. Sheldon. Red-breasted Goose. Bernicla ruficollis. _ Thick-billed Owl. Budo crassirostris. : Presented by W. D. Christie, Esq. Darwin’s Rhea. Rhea darwini. South African Hornbill. Bucorvus abyssinicus. : Presented by J. R. Thompson, Esq. ? Ill. REPTILES. Water Newt. Triton palmipes. Presented by Dr. Gray. Water Newt. Triton alpestris. Presented by Dr. Gray. Water Viper. Cenchris piscivorus. Toad Bombinator igneus. Presented by P. L. Sclater, Esq. Black Salamander. Salamandra nigra. Presented by P. L. Sclater, Esq. Mocassin Snake. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. Common Snakes. Coluber guttatus. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. Striped Wampum Snake. Abastor erythrogrammus. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. Snake. Tropidonotus fasciatus. Presented by Odo Russell, Esq. Amphiuma. General Account ...... £1420 1 10 sh at the Banker’s, December 31, 1858. iiss Tay aa 4 5 1,420 16 3 £15,065 19 11 42 The Assets and Liabilities on the 3lst of December 1858 were as follow :— ASSETS. Arrears of Capital Funded. Cash. Total. Previous Current ' Years. Year. Og dial Bi asvdsl WE > Siigdalic® hae’ dence sunimalee Cash at Banker’s...|.... ew aecswech@l an dSeccteeda|wens esscereeease-/ 1420) 16, 311420 16).3) Paid for £4500 Reducedio peri |--scnccssscceelaess acer 4078 7 Al eesenve [4078 7 4 (CERES: asscrcuce Ann. Subscriptions |153 0 0 [166 0 Of....scseeeerseses[eceeeeerereeee 319 0 0 Transactions ...... 20 (8 Gal 44 Be Oh ctesccsvescten<|...0chemmunetes 6412 3 Proceedings......... 98 9 0 }103 O 7|...00. ge pebestsslnnaseads at aaiet 201 9 7 Ivory Tickets ...... 5 Ba SO nett peseeeauesene| eccee gas soma ll Ad Garden Sales ...... 165 O° ONGShe UwOl strc ccesecceccsslcnspseses sees} 8900 1 0 Museum Sales...... 28 10 O | 85 12 0)..... dudes nasal accel essaeooie 64 2 0 468 10 6 |1042 5 414078 7 4/1420 16 3/7009 19 5 LIABILITIES. Debts. er So Be iS elf Bills, &c. estimated at— For the Gardens, say .......- Sebeee ties 352 16 11 Museum .......068 ene eetactere m OR a General Establishment ...... 246 9 6 — — 616 8 0 Rent, Rates, &c. unpaid— ss For the Gardens, say .......seesseeeeee 170 18 3 General Establishment ....... 560 3 226 13 6 Particulars of Payments in 1858. Belonging to Previous Current Total. Year. Year. Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. :— 6S a Se aike Oa ae Gardena retical ainie eralate tetas, \aiclerein’ eloetd 167 310 523 9 4 } 912 9 2 General Establishment ..............00|eccecccecees 943 5 Conta Aninialss.\. s<. duistcs cmaanimeodeendads 58 12 9 458 19 Carriage of Animals and Keepers’ Expenses :— Freight, Dock Charges, and Gratuities, £132 8s. 1d.; Carriage of Animals, including Food andKeepers’ expenses, £153 5s. 5d.; Insurance on Tigers, & 430 85: J... 053 wisidatsiele cia'cte stclets Cieral le ipapintalsita ces 316 1 6 316 1 6 Provisions :— Miscellaneous . (0.2020... cesses eue ce TOGO Oil, « sayac tre.cto ccs Cost of Cattle, £438 12s. 6d.; Miscella- 2,514 7 8 neous, £1909 14s. 5d. ...... Bais afetanss [halla iereataree 2,348 6 11 Menagerie Expenses :— Straw, 27; Coke, £13 2s. 6d.; Water Supply, £41 14s. 6d.; Sea-water and Carriage, #14 12s.; Sundries, #5 6s. 9d........ ‘pRRE BBE SH MISSES MOU MG H4 Oils enie oisiasss sieves 7 Straw, £257 5s.; Coke, £102 16s.; Coals, J 9 GRRGETI AG iS Se Nonic cou ba tie cae coe snail sta ciaheacantnd wose 2.933 1 6 D : } 3,276 7 2 2 517 11 11 £34 11s. 6d.; Coals for Engine, 113 6s. 6d.; Police, €11 11s.; La- bourets’ Wages, £335 19s. 8d.; Water Supply, #25; Sea-water and Carriage, #69 10s.; Shoeing, £12 Qs. 6d. ; Saddlery, #1414s.5d. ....|.......2000. 977 3 7 Sawdust, £11 5s.; Chimney-sweeping, #9 4s. 9d.; Bird Sand, £14 17s.; x Chairs and Rustic Seats, 37 12s. ; Iron Den, £25; Pheasant Baskets, £8 12s. Od.; Feeding Pans, #6 0s. 2d.; Mops, Brushes, and Brooms, £22 BRS Fis hates catthin Winn GE Reibiess canis eile cine 's acaunen 135 2 3 Canvas, Baize, and Flannel, £6 13s. 7d. ; Labels, €21 11s. 6d. ; Soap, Candles, and Oil, £11 3s. 8d.; Supply of Gas, 111s. 6d.; Parrot Cages, £9 10s. ; Tanks, £6 6s.; IronWork, £5 8s. 9d.; Hand Truck, #1 15s. ; Water Tubs, £9 6s.; Miscellaneous, including] . Carting, Carriage, Tolls, Knives, Pails, Water-pots, Casks, Hampers, Shovels, Rope, Blinds, &c., 49 FOS. Ga. WL SSt ae hela sen dean cieeee Rmisidin ieists lus 122 16 6 TERRE AMRESSES: 1s o div/a.= gle ai eele sc Uaidhielnd > «Wile ce sais sace 97 0 6 Works, Materials, and Repairs :— Materials, Set oi oa optetete dan sheisjatars, «nie isi TER LR F tice ote Sachets Wages, £332 5s. 3d.; Materials, &c., 1,085 8 5 1,336 18 1 GIO 080-7 dere nvitvivenns alee eiafehae\|eiv'eleelewesses 942 15 10 Garden Expenses :— Miscellaneois) )i5c). csc leases secilcs ae GEES LG leave wctae arteries Wages, £390 16s. 11d.; Shrubs, Seeds, Plants, and Carriage, #79 2s. 5d.; Miscellaneous, including Brooms, , Pots, Sand, Turf, &c., #21 1s. Qd...|............ 491 1 1/J House and Office Expenses :— Miscellaneous ....... Bae EY hong Gee IO. 1S SiiKiaw dacs ane | Oil, Soap, and Candles, £20 8s. 4d.; Gas at the Gardens, £5 7s. 3d.; Medical attendance on Keepers, £20; Keep- ers’ Washing, £6 17s. 9d.; Mops, Brooms, Mats, and Brushes, £3 13s. 232 16 2 491 16 11 7d.; Coals and Wood at Hanover; Square, £23 16s.; Tea, Coffee, &e.,| at Evening Meetings, £11 2s. 1d.; New Blinds and Floor Cloth, £12 7s. 8d.; Postages and Stamps, £43 18s. 6d.; Miscellaneous, £65 11s. 10d...|........-... 213 2 11 Band Expenses :— Music, £145 19s.; Programmes, £14 16s.|...... “ERAS 160 15 0 160 15 0 __ | Advertisements ..............4- aie crs 2ineleta tala at hc INS i 129 5 1 129 5 1 Library Expenses :— BG WAG ei 6x Sioa cla sisiv'sicie, 8 F s'sia cle sets RIPON fs oS Cyne arm wit uate New Books and Duty, 28 0s. 6d.; Water-| } 10036 colour Drawings, £39 105...........)ecceeeseeeee 67 10 6 Museum Expenses :— Commission on Sales ........-++000+00e MN OUU OM sterstolecteciale nies L 36 18 10 Freight, &c., on Specimens .........0-.Jeceeeeaeeees 15 18 10 |5 Stationery and Account Books ... 3 815 1 44 8 0 53 3 1 Printing (Miscellaneous) ............0.-.0e000e 42 3 6 113 12 9 155 16 3 Transactions :— Printing Plates and Paper, 33 6s. 6d. ; Paper for Letterpress, 5 16s.......|...--.....0 39 0 6 390 0 6 Proceedings :— Drawings, £3 18s.; Printing Plates and Paper, £5 6s. 6d. ; Colouring Plates, £39 7s. 3d.; Letterpress and Paper, £122 10s. 9d. ; Binding, £18 10s.10d.| 189 13 4 |.............. Drawings, £139 12s. ; Printing Plates and Paper, £155 9s. 1d.; Colouring Plates, 796.19 5 | £135 16s. 5d.; Letterpress, £87 10s. NR gd. ; Binding, #115 2s. 10d.; Making 7 RIE CeT SR LieBe ei a cis cela) wits migiclle migela vid class ¢ 537 6 1 | Returned Subscriptions ......-.-.-..-2+--eeee|eeeeeeeee ee 2011 0 2011 0 OT TD EL a ee eS) EG a" Beer sac Bote 15 9 0 2 999 5 11] 11,196 10 3 | 12,195 16 CE Ne eee 909 511! 11,071 2 6 12,070 8 5 Leeaeey 7 ARSE Pee al See 125 7 9 125 7 9 | 999 5 11] 11,196 10 3} 12,195 16 2 44 Expenditure incurred in 1858. Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. ......... Salaries, Wages, Pensions &c.... Cost of Animals Carriage of ditto and Keep- ers’ Expenses ETOVISIONS ets tertescesdesenasevees Menagerie Expenses Keepers’ Dresses .......++ cosencace Works, Repairs, Alterations, &c. Garden Expenses....... esentiecs ses Band Expenses Advertisements cos House and Office Expenses...... Library Expenses Museum Expenses Stationery and Account Books... Printing ( Miscellaneous)......... Transactions. .ccessusssdacacenese Proceedings .... Returned Subscriptions ........ eee eases eteeenes eee emeeeenasee ee errr rrr Paid in the Year. Sis: de 689 5 1 3,276 7 2 458 19 2 316 1 6 2,348 611 1,235 2 4 97 0 6 942 15 10 491 11 160 15 0 1290075." 9d 213. 2 11 67 10 6 15 18 10 44 8 0 113.12 9 39 0 6 ban. bo. <1 20 11 O 11,196 10 3° Unpaid, Dec. 31. Total. Gites de See a. 226 138 6/ 91518 7 Fitslonipaacttetye se 32/6. 4. 2 oq Ghai 462 5 8 1410 0 330 11 6 179 16 8| 2,528 3 7 125 14 6] 1,360 16 10 seeat te ES 97 0 6 25 15 968 11 4 0 18 49119 1 2. davee cd tie 160 15 0 fecccsnre Ae ete T1295) 1 12 4 9 225. 7 8 ubt F 7617 #1 WISe.0 23 13 10 7 VoD Dora Pe 17.18, 6 131 6 3 16138 4 55 13 10 194 14 8 732 0 9 Givess sap wets ox 20 11 O 843 1 6/12,0389 11 9 Rel is CE 45 The Committee of Auditors congratulate the Society upon the continued improvement in its finances, the Income, not- withstanding the unfavourable weather during the Holidays, and the absence of any extraordinary novelties in the Mena- gerie, having exceeded £14,000, while the Expenditure only reached £12,195, being £2156 less than the amount of pay- ments in the previous year. In consequence of this successful result, the Council were able to increase the reserved Fund by the purchase of £1500, Stock, raising it to £4500. The Auditors notice this improvement in the finances with great satisfaction, as it has been effected without any diminution of the efficiency of the Garden Establishment, which, it is only just to observe, has been maintained in the most admirable state of neatness and order. Although the total number of Visitors in 1858 was not quite so great as in the year 1857, there is no decrease of the interest felt by the public, as, notwithstanding the comparative failure of the weather at Easter and Whitsuntide, the Visitors on Mondays show an increase of upwards of 2000, exclusive of the number of Charity Children admitted gratuitously, who amounted to 18,600. The Committee consider the present financial position of the Society as deserving especial notice, and have pleasure in calling the attention of the Fellows to the fact, that the Liabilities on the 31st of December were only estimated at £850, whilst the Balance at the Banker’s amounted to £1420 16s. 3d., leaving a further surplus of £570, which added to the investment of £1449 in the funds, gives a clear surplus of £2019 on the operations of the year. The steadiness of the Income for the last nine years, from 1850 to 1858 inclusive, during which period the gross receipts have been no less than £146,000, is a most satisfactory proof of sound management, and presents a most encouraging con- trast to the nine years immediately preceding, viz. from 1841 to 1849 inclusive, in which the Income gradually declined to little more than half the amount to which it was raised in 1850, and at which it has been maintained from that time. The Committee entirely concur with the view of the Council as to the propriety of applying the surplus of the past year to the increase of the reserve fund, which they trust will never be reduced below £5000 as a’ minimum. rf 46 Your Committee of Auditors, in concluding their Report, again express their perfect satisfaction, and thank the Ac- countant, Mr. Leigh, for the admirably clear and accurate manner in which the accounts have been submitted to them. EDWARD GREENAWAY. EDWARD HAMILTON. EDWARD PERIGAL. JOHN D. SALMON. SAMUEL OXENHAM. WILLIAM MARTYN. EDWARD JOHNSTONE. 11 Hanover Square, February 23, 1859. PRESS ITED 24h APR. 1003 REPORTS OF THE COUNCIL AND AUDITORS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, READ AT THE ANNUAL GENERAL MUETING, APRIL 307H, 1860. LONDON: PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET. 1860. Af j, ened, by S hs og Sts S GnetA y pias, te Deas the odiepmts tre 2edn “haalie ict ieee TROND O aR te a : ies et Wat RCO ARLES: piensa ee Gee NED WARD ¢ i pret: BM: Ce hint sy! E 4 ei aan! . % a eee eOg“OT voted Bk Sart HOIVAT ¥8 ie . a er > Sg anna ios olka par REPORT OF THE COUNCIL. In accordance with the provisions of the Charter, the Council of the Zoological Society have the pleasure of sub- mitting to the Society their Thirty-first Annual Report upon the progress of the Institution during the twelve months which have elapsed since the last Anniversary. I. GENERAL ESTABLISHMENT. 1. FeELLows anp ANNUAL SUBSCRIBERS. The number of Fellows, Fellows Elect, and Annual Subscribers at the present time amounts to 1709. Of these there are— Compounders, paying £20 . . . . . 293 Ditto ditte £306 2. e244 269 Paying annual contributions of £2 . q 4a. 909 Ditto ditto £5. « « 674 Dormant Spe Cae A mT wea aia Admission-fees unpaid. . . 2...) 22 Ditto PEON a eee gi EO Annual Subscribers, paying £3. . . . 59 1709 Seventy-five Fellows have been elected since the last Anniversary, and six have been readmitted under the pro- visions of the By-Laws, Chap. 1, Sect. 9. The number of Deaths during the same period has been 48. The number of Resignations has been 27; and the Re- movals ordered by the Council, in conformity with the Laws of the Society, amount to 22. The number of Candidates for admission is 12. 2. FINANCES. a. Income. _ The Receipts of the past year amounted to the sum of £15,194 15s. 2d., which, added to the sum of £1420 16s. 3d., the balance carried over from the previous year, made a total amount of £16,615 11s. 5d. to be placed under the Az 4 head of Income for the year 1859. This increase is due, the Council are happy to state, to the augmentation of nearly every branch of the Society’s Receipts,—the only noticeable head under which there is a falling-off—that of Museum Sales—being in arrear from the simple fact that the last remnants of that portion of their former establish- ment are now nearly exhausted. The great item of in- crease, however, has been in the Garden Receipts. The favourable weather at Whitsuntide 1859 attracted a large number of Visitors to the Gardens; and on the Monday of that week no less than 22,261 people were admitted within the gates, being, with one exception, the largest number of entrances which haye ever taken place in one day. The whole number of entrances to the Gardens for the year 1859 was 364,356—giving an average of nearly 1000 visitors a day ; and the money received for entrances was £9389, being £508 5s. 6d. in excess of the corresponding sum for 1858. This result places the past year as, in this respect, the eighth most successful in the Annals of the Society since the opening of the Gardens in 1828, as the following Table will show :— Table of Receipts for Admission to the Gardens from their Jirst opening to the Public in 1828. £ ££ *1851 .... 22,248 1834 .... 7,545 +1831 .... 11,425 | 1835 .... 7,343 1853 .... 11,343 1837 .... 5,648 1854 .... 10,799 1888 .... 5,639 $1850 .... 10,462 1839 .... 5,004 1830 .... 9,774 | 1841 .... 4,660 1836 .... 9,463 | 1849 .... 4,652 1859.... 9,889 || 1840 .... 4,584 1856 .... 9,204 | §1848-.... 4,208 1832 .... 9,001 1845 3... 4,146 1857 .... 8,981 | 1842 .... 4,029 18587... : 2/8 S80 } 1988 oy S0OLT 1855 .... 8,485 | 1844..... 3,905 1829 ..., 8143-09") 9946 .... 3,872 1833 ..... 7,954 1843 .... 3,746 1852 .... 7,929 | TB4G 2. 4g weed * Year of the Great Exhibition. + First exhibition of the Giraffes, } First exhibition of the Hippopotamus. _ § Admission 6d. during this year. 5 _ The Council also allude with pleasure to the fact that the amount received from the Garden Sales of surplus stock during. the year 1859 reached the large sum of £1118 15s. 1d., while the total expenditure for cost and carriage of animals reached only £967 1s. 8d., showing a clear profit of £151 13s. 5d. under this head. And this is the more gratifying, as in no instance has any animal been parted with that was not strictly a duplicate, so that the completeness of the Society’s unique collection of animals has been noways.impaired. 6. Expenditure. The Reserve-fund having been raised to its full amount-of £5000, 3 per cent. Red., by the purchase of £500 Stock in January 1859, the Council thought it their duty to apply a portion of the surplus income of the Society to the permanent improvement of the establishment. The sum of £1772 11s. 6d. was therefore devoted to the erection of such buildings, and works connected therewith, as there appeared to be greatest need of. The Council propose to give details concerning these in a future part of their Report. The ordinary Expenditure of the Society for the past year was £12,387 10s. 3d., exceeding the estimate by only £387 10s. 3d.; and the Council are induced to hope that, by means of several alterations lately made in the man- ner of conducting the Garden-establishment, by extension of the system of employing their own workmen instead of having recourse to extraneous assistance (when additional aid is required), and by judicious reforms in the supplies of provisions and other necessaries, which they have re- cently effected, they will be able to keep the ordinary ex- penditure of the Society strictly within this limit. At the same time, they see no reason that their income, though somewhat dependent on the proverbial precariousness of the English climate, should undergo any serious reduction, and they may add that for the present year there is every prospect of a material increase of receipts. c. Assets and Liabilities. The Cash Assets of the Society on the 31st of Decem- ber 1859 amounted to— £ 6 d. Cash at the Banker’s. . . . . «. ». 1784 4 9 Cost of £5000 Red. 3 per Cents. . . 4563 19 10 6348 4 7 The Liabilities at the same period were esti- THANE MEE PO SOP Se EE Tae PS Leaving a Cash Balance in favour of the So- ciety of . s . * e e . . > s . 4825 16 1 This result presents an increase of £176 12s. 6d. as com- pared with the same day in the preceding year. II, PUBLICATIONS. With a view of securing greater regularity in the issue of the printed Proceedings, which are now become the principal scientific organ of the Society, and have lately derived increased importance from the large number and great value of the communications made to the scientific meetings, some little alteration has been made in the mode of publication adopted since the last Anniversary. The Proceedings, both with and without Illustrations, are now published regularly three times in the year. The first Number, issued in April, gives the papers read during the months of January, February, and March; the second, published in July, those read up to the termination of the annual session of the Society; and the third, published in the following February, contains the communications made to the autumnal meetings before Christmas, and completes the Volume for the preceding year. The Volume for last year is now upon the table. It contains a large number of papers relating to every branch of Zoology. The Illus- trative Plates, forty-eight in number, represent the most novel and interesting subjects of these communications. The First Part of the Proceedings for the present year is also on the table. . Of the Transactions, since the last Anniversary, Part VI. of Volume IV. has been issued. It contains all the smaller papers read before the Society, which the Committee of Publication had decided upon publishing in this form up to the end of 1858. They relate principally to Ornithology, 7 and are illustrated by some beautiful plates, drawn in Mr. Wolf’s happiest style. The paper of Prof. Owen on the Gorilla, a full abstract of which has already appeared in the Proceedings, will form the chief subject of the Seventh Part, with which it is intended to complete the Fourth Volume of the Transactions. A printed list, giving an account of the Society’s Scien- tific Publications, with full information as to the prices, mode of publication, and other particulars, has also been prepared and extensively circulated. There is every rea- son to believe that an increased sale of the Society’s pub- lications will ensue from the means thus taken for giving greater publicity to their merits. The Council feel that the best thanks of the Society are due to the gentlemen who serve upon the Committee of Publication for the pains they take in effecting these im- provements in the method of the Society’s Publications, and in arranging the general business of the Scientific Meetings. III. LIBRARY. A rearrangement of the volumes which comprise the valuable Scientific Library of the Society has been effected within these last few weeks. The Transactions, Journals, and Periodicals are now placed in the Council-room on the first floor, and the general works on Natural History in the room above. A complete Catalogue—a work which was commenced some time since—will, it is expected, shortly be ready, and, the Council hope, will render the Library, now newly organized, more useful to the general body of Mem- bers, to whom it is always open during the Office-hours. The valuable series of original Water-colour Drawings by Mr. Joseph Wolf, illustrative of eighty-two of the rarest and finest species which have lived in the Society’s Gar- dens during the last ten years, has also been named, num- bered, and catalogued. They are now kept in two port- folios in the Council-room. The following is a list of the species represented in this beautiful series :-— 8 List OF ORIGINAL WareR-coLouR Drawines BY Wor 1n THE Lisprary OF THE ZOOLOGICAL So- cliETY OF LonpDoN. 1, Californian Deer. Cariacus punctulatus. 2. Large-eared Brocket. Coassus auritus. 3. Syrian Bear. Ursus syriacus. 4, Ocelot. Felis pardalis. 5. Ocelot. Felis pardalis. 6. Ocelot. Felis pardalis. 7. Serval. Felis serval. 8. Leopards. Felis leopardus. 9. The Eland. Oreas cana. 10. The Eyra. Felis eyra. 11. Apteryx. = 118 0 1856 { (orien Noles faccesaacucneencstoncecsa=asa 110 0 JIA SS 3 8 0 Admission Fees ........++0+.++ BoacedcaaTric TO} 0) 0 Annual Subscriptions ..........seseeeeeee 6 0 0 Ivory Ticket, .ccsccerossaceesenses see ouiseee ly 0 18574 Transactions .....0.....- sete sta potesheeyes 018 0 | Museum Sales..........sesereeeeee epsansens 015 0 | Proceedings.....2-s0scesossssse Bete eae tes 10 6 Garden Sales. ........cesccseosssccsvecaress 157 10 0 —_—_—_—_—_ 186 12 6 { Admission Fees ......ccsccseeessernrecnees 85 0 0 Annual Subscriptions .........seeeesssees 116 0 0 Ivory Tickets ..........cscescsssreseoesnnee 3.3 0 18584 Transactions ......ses.sseeeeeneeeneeseeees 27-19 9 Proceedings .......es.eeeeee Saas deny <9 ia ose 67 16 1 Garden Sales .......-+.scesescesesscnceeeee 504 12 6 {Museum Sales.......... He eiesedteeetec8 35 0 0 pe ees 789 11 4 Admissions to Gardens ..........s.e0ese+ 9389 6 0 Garden Sales ............scseeeeeeenseeees 45D) J2¥0G Rent for Refreshment Room ........-..- 400 0 0 Admission Fees ....+e..ssseeeesenseenenens 225-0 0 Compositions ......seseeeesereseeececeeeeees 690 0 0 Annual Subscriptions .......2....esseeeees 2607 1 0 ola Ivory Tickets ..........+006 dosebebeacsceas 95 2 0 Transactions ....e..00+ dsseocageso. Eevee 29 8 0 Proceedings ......seessesecserece cerersceees 122 0 4 Museum Sales....ce.se.cceeeesceeererenseee 914 0 Dividends .......c+.seeeseseseeeeee Perec 144 7 6 Interest on Deposit Account .....+...++ 1 eae a 14,175 11 4 1860 Annual Subscriptions (anticipated) ...|.........se0seee+ 25° 0 0 INCOME RECEIVED IN 1859....... puenbess|Gcncnctnatieteevas £15,194 15 2 | 15,194 15 2 £16,615 il 5 PAYMENTS. General Gardens. Museum, Estabt. £ s. a. Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c Nie: Ns ah Ua Bills mexcessdseveveavenceatsn eet lcrete iss eel = 3.52 16 11 7| 246 9 6 Paid on account of the previous year 18 10| 17 7} 302 9 Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. ........ COME Salaries, Wages, Gratuities, and Bensions’0.1 10.2... see tedees cee toe Cost of Animals ..........00....00e00e os Carriage of Animals and Keepers’ Expenses } Keepers’ Dresses......sessecseseseeeeees Provisions Menagerie Expenses ...............+ iy New Buildings and Works connected Other Works, Repairs, and Mate- Vials, &c. ......06 Re ebuocness SSO ES | Garden Expenses .............. Aden Band Expenses ............ Peshisececiests Advertisements House and Office Expenses Library Expenses Stationery ..... Nooo sereeseeccoe: -eceeoce Printing (Miscellaneous)... ieabeass sep esiac Transactions, including Printing ... [cate do. do. oO SOND 0&0 &S wo PF ne Cost of Medals....... sh seeenaa ests Returned Subscription ............0. Paid on account of the current year 10,648 10 11 2768 1 1|18,499 4 0 EXPENDITURE PAID IN 1859......... 11,175 9 9} 99 18 7/8070 10 10/14,345 14 2 Paid for £500 Reduced 8 per Cents, at 97 (January 7th) 485 12 6 General Account ......61615 18 1 Petty Cash Account ...... 168 6 8 ——| 1,784 4 9 Cash at the Banker’s, December 31, 1859. { £)16,615 11 5 28 i The Assets and Liabilities on the 3lst of December 1859 were as follow :— ASSETS. Arrears of Capital ig <7 | ee rae Funded. Cash, Total. Previous Current Years. Year. Lg: ds -£ vascd.| LS Ohisy alikisssy Giles tay id. Cashtat Banker’. its sss:tccsiceclsscctessen teed |aededenaessess 1784 4 9/1784 4 9 Paid for £5000 Reduced 8 per }|-...00...ceceee|seee Jicvew es ve| SOOO pO Ot seme setups 4563 19 10 Cents. ......... Ann. Subscriptions | 87 0 0 | 182 0 Of.....sccossece-[eceseeerreeens 269 0 0 Transactions ...... 85 14 6 BAM Dadlte note recec| sce Suacesuiae 119 16 9 Proceedings......... UU 56 e205: BatGl csceseo teeter | saseses saan 341 3 0 Ivory Tickets ...... 2.2 0 TEA Opes a sictcpreienrae| cbcse ny tel- sees 13 13 0 Garden Sales ...... LSS PSG HOGG WIG (ONT So eeeh este. | sixccsecsevens 750 4 6 Museum Sales...... 28 7 0 60) 50) 0) Fae ee cn se Ral ste cecdaacecdt OOpsn MEL 452 7 6 41129 16 9/4563 19 10/178 49 7930 8 10 LIABILITIES. Debts. & ss d. £ Bills, &c. estimated at— For the Gardens, say .......- aaaneaeeose 1053 18 7 General Establishment ...... 266 10 11 Museum ...... sotaskctdescabens Lid 10 —————-——_| 1321 15 6 Rent, Rates, &c. unpaid— For the Gardens, say ..........00 Seve | 0 2085 1 yh General Establishment ....... 5114 5 259 16 4 | £1581 11 10 Particulars of Payments in 1859. Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. :— Gardenias tciasananle nsi@ciee’s cits sisscce sla General Establishment Salaries, Wages, Pensions, and Gratuities :— Gostiof Aninials. Gis cce scenes eves swnens Carriage of Animals and Keepers’ Expenses :— Freight, &¢. ..-....ccsceecsceescssccess Freight, Dock Charges, and Gratuities, 71 16s. 4d.; Carriage of Animals and Keepers’ expenses (including £150 for the Kiang from India), £277 CW Libseppeeancber combecooneras ProvisioOnS .......eeeeeeeeeeeee Rivers efoletniatebetatets Menagerie Expenses :— Straw, £27 ; Sea-water and Carriage, £13 10s.; Coals and Coke, £19 8s. 6d. ; Water Supply, £25; India Rubber Piping, £18 6s. 8d.; Drugs, £6 4s. 3d.; Miscellaneous, #165s.1d. .. Straw, £351 8s.; Labourers’ Wages, £338 18s. 5d.; Sea-water and Car- riage, £60 12s.; Coals, £39 10s. ; Coals for Engine, #105 16s.; Bird Sand, £18; Coke, 56 16s. ; Shoeing, €12 Qs. 6d. Water Supply, £25; Mops, Brooms, and Brushes, £25 12s.; Oil, Soap, and| Candles, #12 Qs. 2d.; Labels, #15 6s. 4d.; Iron Hurdles, £16 3s. 4d.; Sawdust, £12; Saddlery, #5 6s. 9d. ; Miscellaneous, #63 135. ........+. Keepers’ Dresses Works, Materials, and Repairs :— Materials BOSS. AMMA alole tse tanle amfniels ate . New Buildings and Works connected Garden Expenses :— Brooms .........- Giebiatalosies astlaeiarcers Wages, 371 19s. 1ld.; Plants and Shrubs, £117 7s. 6d.; Seeds, #14 Qs. 4d.; Brooms and Mats, #6 9s. ; Loam, Turf, and Sand, £7 2s. 4d. ; Flower Pots, Water Pots, Spades, &c., #7 7s.; Sundries, #21 10s, 5d. .... House and Office Expenses :— j Miscellaneous For the Gardens.— Medical attendance on Keepers, £20; Subscription to North London Hospital, £5 5s.; Gas, £4) 15s, 3d. ; Soap and Candles, £9 10s.; Keepers’ Washing, £5 6s. 7d.; Mis- cellaneous, £30 1s. 6d. .......+.- A For Hanover Square.—New Carpets and Floor Cloth, #31 18s.; Coals and| Wood, #21 9s.; Oil, Soap, and Can- dies, £11 13s.; Tea, Coffee, &c., at Evening Meetings, #12 1s. 9d. ; Post- ing Reports and Balloting Papers, #12 15s. 3d.; Postages and Stamps, £28 : 18s. 5d.; Miscellaneous, #65 5s. 4d. Band Expenses :— Music, £180 12s.; Programmes, £18 18s. Advertisements ..............008 a Ae = Qo0 tekion Library Expenses :— New Books New Books, €14 15s. 3d.; Binding, #55 8s. 6d.; Duty, £2 8s. 3d.; Large Coloured Drawing of the Gorilla, £10 Museum Expenses Stationery Printing (Miscellaneous) .......---+.0y+-+--++0+ Transactions :— Binding secs csc sfenies cee atao ofajateyejaintn ts takai Printing Plates and Paper, £41 0s. 6d. ; Letterpress and Paper, £33 14s.; Drawings, £9 17s. 6d.; Colouring} Plates, £37 18s, 4d.; Binding, 43 4s. Proceedings :— Printing Plates and Paper, £27 18s.; Letterpress and Paper, £148 11s. 9d. ; Drawings, £12 1s. 6d.; Colouring, #4 18s. 9d.; Binding, #1 4s. 8d. .. Printing Plates and Paper, £91 11s. Gd.; Colouring, £133 1ls.; Drawings, £103 9s. 6d. ; Letterpress and Paper, £249 13s. 9d.; Binding, #14 6s, 11d.; Making Index, #7 5s. 6d.; Sundries, Se Bh boc oer Saebinobaneacaans Cost of Medals Belonging to Previous Year. £ 38. d. 174 111 56 0 3 179 16 8 125 14 6 194 14 8 846 10 2] 13,499 4 0 Current Year, 523 4 169 18 1,469 7 5 7 2,475 3 9 0 617 11 9 349 9 11 2,501 2 7 9 11 7418 4 ] a one, oo Total. te sd. } 923 5 2 } 3,944 10 9 620 18 3 1 2 15 0 J | 199 10 0 138 14 0 ae) ~ rs to “ wo 795 19 1 36 1 0 300 14,345 14 2 30 Expenditure incurred in 1859. Paid in the Year. & s.rd. Rent, Rates, Taxes, &c. ......... 693 3 0 Salaries, Wages, Pensions, and 3,944 10 9 Gratuities.....cecsessssseeeee Cost of Animals .......00---...++- 617 11 9 Carriage of Animals and Keep- 349 9 11 ers’ EXpense€S .....0csececees Provisions....... Patehenshsd Besse 2,501 2 7 Menagerie Expenses ........+..- 1,159 0 6 Keepers’ Dresses ......ce+eeesseees 101 16 5 New Buildings and Works 1,166 9 4 CONMECLED Sa, cendectanes ans ns Other Works, Repairs, ety, 867 7 5 RAIN ACG ieee ssivasess vs dat cen Garden Expenses....... suinenitadse 546 5 6 Band Expenses ............+-ee0e 199 10 0 Advertisements ...........s00ee0 138 14 0 House and Office Expenses...... 258 19 1 Library Expenses ............0++ 82.12 0 | Museum Expenses ......eee.eseee| seeeees tresses eng SSEAGLONEFY) | ccvcosscaceecaccooesses- Lig 1D) 8 Printing { Miscellaneous)......... 78 12 4 TaNSACHOMS. .c..ossccers+sacunsop-= 125 14 4 Proceedings ........s.+0+es aeeneares 601 4 5 Returned Subscription ........... 3.0 «0 Cost of Medals.............ss00000 36 1 0 13,499 4 0 Ordinary Expenditure............ 11,482 8 11 Extraordinary Expenditure 2,016 15 1, 13,499 4 0 eee ree rere ere Ty rere errr wane eee een cseeeees ate weet eee eeeeee 1 617 7 1,522 8 6 a 2 6 Total. 256 Sep 953 3 = co rss © © — Onno ee © 6 OS 1,772 11 912 9 547 3 199 10 138 14 27 3 owoorcocona 15,021 12 6 12,387 10 3 2,634 2 3 15,021 12 6 — al see AP 31 The Committee of Auditors congratulate the Society upon the continued improvement of the Finances, and upon the large addition to the number of Visitors to the Gardens. Their increased popularity as a place of instructive recrea- tion is shown by the numbers which have resorted to them during the past year, being 12,776 more than in the year 1858. The total number of persons who visited the Gardens in 1859 was 364,356,—being an average of nearly 1000 en- ' trances per day throughout the whole year. The sum received for “Compositions ” during the year has been nearly three times the amount of that received under the same head in the previous year, thereby showing in- creased confidence in the stability of the Society. The excess of the Liabilities over those of the previous years is mainly attributable to “ Extraordinary Expenses,”— the large sum of £2634 2s. 3d. having been devoted for New Buildings, and Works incidental thereto ; but notwithstanding these outlays, the Assets exceed the Liabilities by a larger sum than has been the case for many years past. The £500 additional Stock, purchased in January 1859, has raised the Reserve Fund of the Society to the satisfactory amount of £5000 Red. 3 per Cents. .And the Committee beg to notice this important fact, that although the Liabilities on the 31st of December last amounted to £1522 8s. 6d., the Balance at the Bankers at the same time was £1784 4s. 9d., leaving a surplus of £261 16s. 3d. Your Committee conclude their Report with expressing their perfect satisfaction at the clear and accurate manner in which the Accountant, Mr. Leigh, has laid the accounts before them. EDW. GREENAWAY. G. SCLATER-BOOTH. WILLIAM MARTYN. EDWARD JOHNSTONE. R. HENRY S. VYVYAN. SAMUEL OXENHAM. ALFRED NEWTON. 11 Hanover Square, February 23, 1860. PRESENTE) 24 APR. i508 son “g a) olbue. Wa ‘al! withe ongit oti lo aa EQWartc cent fhowea riotint ¥ to dens sft a? aoa) vhat "th “nlee dail, ites ~ pedal vine) sit betisty “ae 0 S01 Virion © 3 Hus ab re : alt hs rises hi 499 oF - tO 13t st, ‘soit fr nrdy orden a” aes SI ra . » en ~~ < “ Me saa c Oe aASLy waren aon aS oneeyas ara Fe ues , rs NHC Ge ed nee reheat Neat epratihe Ao, Saar 55 aA fad it, ae yy