Ks Ais AN VK ie (Qi WA + AWS AW AW WW\ SAW WIN ICS (WW i \\s \" AW ak Reed COG oes OS Gos ne Nol “hg Mh ( WN WN trl HAC \ es eS \ ee x ANG ee uae fall x v4 o Mo ox ee ve mare x Wy) by OX, dy yeh onl seco aS oe eee oy Panini HHA Ny Ww aes le 4 WW Ms WHA yy) eee eee i oe exX OK: Py a ele oe Soe eee POCO «( Oy OK ey iy a Mm W ae, , lhl Cy Ay hh Wy, o yy Ip -) ve x y x es isa, uh (eae ARC TR DT RS YG SPS RIE EN at OEE Dy \\\ \) \ Ge we TA WY A Net it tl G NU Wy WO Me * € " ( a OT een BPM WAM Me TAR dh. io UK Medi ih Mh W \ Pagan WW MM \ \ ( \( All el OKO ON x oe Nes \ \\ \ Ms WY yy) yi) \ Wy yy Wy y y \\ J / YY)" Hi M, y) My Wy) HA f // Yi UY, WY UY Uff? Uf Y§ Wy YY THUR) ie TH WW Ula yr) Ue UH Uf Ne (i NAY y (A CaN Uy Wl AM (AN (( (( (CIT Ul (AK ll CTH (KG “Wed ( Pry yp NK yf led (aK My lf Wt AA vA We WW We Ny) M4 H) Ae eae eee, »\ on | 4 ae Pac nf » a \ LO ee my Wa Shah yf Wyr-if / y Y, Yh yy WW Me Me G why li. \\ (AN li Wie we ( en Y, De Sit AM MD St Me Me MMe eM ASDA DAA ASAHI ADEA. EAN AW AAS AWA A We i, id OMAR ALAAAGR TAG MM hs 650th Ns Ih, hh I i I WA TRU RU, TAA YEW ALMA AOA NOAA Lp: fh CE Mit CCA ) \\; A \ y | WA y). KK Wr AW \\ CK RUA Ml Ce | CARA MU Vital EM OMG MOM OM GMM MMM MOM UM \ \ WK : \\ \\ K \ AY K K « AW K AY \ « \ « \ ( PO OL oo isloaiyoyalaiesal yinsloiy. SA nah hal DS i" Di Dirt MY My Wi Dns, yn : RONEN NE REN WGC MEG GGG OO kh Ok NK! Pri Irak nd PID yn Pr Pw Pr) Li ie © Lian ani ue esata tetata ath MMM A MEU AGM MEAL MM MM i / ied 4 ip ai Matanun ha en Miah Ino \\"\ ii yyy at TAN) m\ AL | STATE oF New YorK — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE THE: APPLES OF NEW YORK VOLUME TI ~. BY S. A. BEACH Horticulturist ASSISTED BY N. O. BOOTH Assistant Horticulturist AND O. M. TAYLOR Foreman in Horticulture Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station for the Year 1903 II at a ALBANY J. B. LYON COMPANY, PRINTERS 1905 > LIBRARY NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS. HALF-ToNE PLATES. Roe AGE. Bic iteh suckers suehansis 2 Admirable . . - NE ae GE a earn uEe foe eee : rie Ratan pasos? geo eRane as) hia A iv et cine Sey le 22 plein, tet seo ee re ei 4 aR a er eee a sk # Cox Orange Jn GRE: clea tia ae em mm Geainctey pO Arete ge SB aves sagen trae 50 Bey Pamest ef ke ee 2 Page 222 Under Thompson, paragraph 3, line 2, “Season late winter” should be-“ Season early winter.” 245. Lighth line frcm bottom, last word, “sometimes” should be “ somewhat.” 281. Second paragraph, insert “to 981 inclusive,” so that the sentence will read:, “ The following numbers to 081 inclusive are those given the varieties included in the Department of Agriculture importations of 1870.” 282. “Number 21 Veronesh” should be “No. 21 Voronesh,” eretcal PRIUS Sie tea lS Semeaa S Ae nose ee ete Ee Lye ea ne OLR omy ge a bth og). ae ee Sops of Wine ihe Bre eee Se peer e a Sigiiit IEG samen cone aan ia ae amie Lain Shy. ea ae we ees 220 Tetofsky Ce Mitel eS Ri a nie aie ah See Oe ys 316 Workaroe.. . A etme gt eS aug? isan Slang. 262 Montreal Beauty (Crab) Sel er Alera occa Go maar ap yg. er Cotor PLATES. : Alexander... - rae @o:: Stas Ane Rpt, 7:80. 1888. 2: Me. Sia. Rpt, 1893 :132. 3. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:586. 1894. 4. Mich. Sta. Bul., 118:59. 1s95, 5. 0b., 129:39. 1800: 6. N..Y. Sta: An. Kpt., 15:270. 1896. °7. Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:200. 1897. 8. Jb., 152:219. 1898. 9. Jb., 205:47. 1903. Synonyms. None. This hybrid is classed by some as an apple and by others as a crabapple. The tree is hardy, comes into bearing early and is reliably productive. The fruit is medium to small for an apple but very targe for a crabapple. It has a slight crabapple flavor and is of fairly good quality for culinary use. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. Originated from seed of Wealthy by Peter M. Gideon, Ex- celsior, Minn., from whom it was received in 1888 for testing at this Station. It has been tested at experiment stations in different States but it appears to be practically unknown to fruit growers. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading and somewhat droop- ing, open. Twigs short, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark clear brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scat- tering, medium in size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to small, occasionally above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, nearly symmetrical, regu- lar or somewhat ribbed. Stem rather short to medium in length, mod- erately slender. Cavity acute approaching acuminate, medium to deep, mod- erately broad, symmetrical, usually not russeted. Calyx rather large, closed; lobes long, acute, reflexed. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, mod- erately wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin pale yellow or greenish, sometimes almost entirely overspread and mottled with rather bright red, striped and splashed with carmine, covered with bloom. Dots whitish, small, scattering, inconspicuous. Prevailing color red in well colored specimens. Calyx tube rather small, short, conical. Stamens median to nearly basal. Core medium in size to above, usually axile; cells often unsymmetrical, usually closed, sometimes wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate. Seeds light brown, medium to above, moderately wide, plump, acute. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, half-fine, moderately juicy, breaking, mild subacid, with a slight crabapple flavor; quality fairly good for culinary use. Season August and early September. Wor, WSF IO THE Apples oF NEw York. AUGUSTINE. REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 1848 (cited by 5). 2. Downing, 1857 :207. 2. Warder, 1867 -71., “4. Uhomas, 1885502. 5. Ragan; Ul S. See ieee 56:31. 1905. Synonyms. None. A pleasant flavored dessert apple formerly grown to a very limited extent in some portions of the state but now practically unknown. Fruit medium to rather large, roundish conic or slightly inclined to oblong, yellow splashed and striped with red; flesh moderately juicy to rather dry, not crisp, tender, sweet; season August. AUTUMN BOUGH. REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 36. 2. Parsons, Horti- culturist, 1:209. 1846. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 4. Mag. Hort., 19:68. 1853. 5. Elliott, 1854:66. fig. 6. Downing, 1857:71. 7. Mag. Hort., 25:154. 1859. 8. Warder, 1867:712. 9. Thomas, 1875:198. 10. Downing, 1881 :I1 dex, app. m1. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234. SynonyMs. AuTUMN BowuGH (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, I1, 12). Autumn Bough (9). AUTUMNAL BoucH (8). AutumMN SWEET BoucH (6, 9, 10). Autumn Sweet Bough (5). Fall Bough (6, 9). Late Bough (6, 9). Montgomery Sweet (10). Philadelphia Sweet (6, 9). Summer Bellflower (6). This is regarded by many as one of the best sweet apples of its season for dessert use and is esteemed also for culinary purposes. The tree is medium in size, upright or roundish, moderately vigorous to vigorous, healthy, long-lived, comes into bearing fairly young and is reliably pro- ductive. The fruit hangs well to the tree. It is suitable for local market but it does not ship well. So far as we can learn it is not grown commercially but it is occasionally cultivated for home use and is still listed by some nurserymen. In 1846 Robert B. Parsons, of Flushing, N. Y., described it as “a very superior fruit, ranking indeed among our best sweet apples, and worthy of extensive cultivation. It is rather large, somewhat of a calville-shape, though with the ribs not quite so prominent as is usual with apples of that class; oblong, diminishing very much to the eye. Skin smooth, pale yellow, with a few scattered dots. Eye of medium size, and very deeply sunken. Stalk rather slender, set in a deep narrow cavity. Flesh white, very tender, and with a rich and sweet, yet sprightly flavor. Ripens from 25th of Eighth month to the 2oth of Ninth month. The tree is exceedingly productive, and of very vigorous growth” (2). AUTUMN STREAKED, REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:50. 2. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul., 2:39. 1888. 3. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:349. 1880. 4. Ib., 13:579. 1804. Synonyms. AUTUMN STREAKED (1, 2, 3, 4). Herbst Strefling (1). Herbst Streifling (2). No. 964 (1). Tue AppLes oF NEw York. II This fruit approaches the Oldenburg type in some respects. It is of good size and usually attractive in color, sprightly subacid, very good for culinary purposes; season September. The tree is hardy, comes into bearing young and is a good biennial bearer. Historical. A Russian apple received from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., in 1888 for testing at this Station (3, 4). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout branches. Form spreading, flat, rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dull brown, mingled with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit large. Form roundish to roundish oblate, somewhat inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity medium to rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep, rather wide, slightly furrowed, greenish-russet. Calyx large, closed or partly open. Basin uneven, wide, abrupt, wrinkled. Skin yellow or pale yellow, shaded, striped and splashed with red and overspread with pinkish bloom. Prevailing effect striped red. Core large, open. Flesh yellowish, firm, a little coarse, rather crisp, moderately juicy, sprightly subacid, good. AUTUMN SWAAR.,. REFERENCES. I. Genesee Farmer, 1838 (cited by 10). 2. Downing, 1857 :115. 3. Hooper, 1857:14. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867-572. fig. 6. Downing, 1869:82. 7. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. g. Budd-Hansen, 1903:41. 10. Ragan, U. S. B. Re Bile 50): 107. LOO: Synonyms. AutuMN Swaar (4, 7, 8,9). AUTUMNAL SWAAR (1, 2, 3, 6). Autumnal Swaar (10). Fatt Swaar (to, of the West 5). Fall Swaar of West (6, 9, I0). This belongs to the Fall Orange group and the fruit resembles Fall Orange very closely. It is very good in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. The tree is hardy, vigorous and spreading; not satisfactorily productive (7). It is occasionally found in cultivation in this state but is now seldom or never planted. Its origin is unknown. Fruit. Fruit above medium to medium, sometimes large. Form oblate to roundish conic. Stem often short, thick end irregularly knobbed. Cavity acute, deep, broad, often lipped or irregular, with concentric russet marks and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed or slightly open. Basin medium in depth, medium to narrow, abrupt, slightly ridged. Skin orange-yellow or greenish, in some cases with a decided blush but 12 Tue Appies oF New York. not striped, roughened by almost invisible, capillary netted russet lines which become more distinct, larger and concentric about the base and apex. Dots conspicuous, irregular, russet or red areolar with russet center. Prevailing effect yellow. Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to rather small, nearly axile; cells partly open or closed; core lines clasp the funnel-cylinder. Carpels emarginate, somewhat elliptical, tufted. Seeds numerous, large to medium, plump, tufted, brown. Flesh yellow, tender, breaking, juicy, agreeable, mild subacid, decidedly aromatic, sprightly, very good. Season September. AUTUMN SWAAR AND FALL ORANGE COMPARED. The fruit of Fall Orange as compared with that of Autumn Swaar is larger, more inclined to conic, has smaller seeds and a fleshy pistil point projecting into the base of the calyx tube. The flesh is whiter, more acid, less aromatic and less tender. The flesh of well grown and well ripened Autumn Swaar is decidely yellower, more tender and milder with a very pleasant, peculiarly aromatic flavor. AUTUMN SWEET SWAAR.,. REFERENCES. I. Albany Cultivator, 5:247. 1848. 2. Thomas, 1849:145. 3. Barry, 1851:282. 4. Elliott, 1854:121. 5. Downing, 1857:115. 6. Gregg, 1857:41. 7. Warder, 1867:471. fig. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :288. 9. Ragan, U> S: 8B: Po I Bal 456-33. 1005: Synonyms. AUTUMN SWAAR (3, 9). Autumn Sweet (9). AUTUMN SWEET Swaar (8). AUTUMNAL SWAaR (I, 2, 4, 6). Autumnal Sweet (9). Av- TUMNAL SWEET SwAar (5, 7). Autumnal Sweet Swaar (9). Sweet Golden Pippin (5,-9). Sweet Swaar (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, S). In 1848 Thomas described this as one of the finest autumnal sweet ap- ples (1). It is now seldom found in cultivation in this state. Its origin is unknown. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous to vigorous, productive. Form upright spreading. Imagine (Gt, 2, 45 Oye Fruit large. Form roundish oblate, sometimes slightly ribbed. Stem varying from long and slender to thick and fleshy, yellow and red. Cavity acute, deep, wavy, green. Calyx medium in size, closed. Basin shallow, wide, slightly furrowed. Skin smooth, waxen yellow, sometimes blushed. Dots rare, minute. Core medium in size; cells somewhat open; core lines clasping. Seeds numerous, plump, pale. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, fine, moderately juicy, very sweet, spicy, agreeable, very good to best. Season September and October. Tue AppLes OF NEw York. 13 BAIEFEY SPICE: REFERENCES. I. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849:350. 2. Bailey, Horticul- turist, 5:286. 1850. fig. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 16:542. 1850. fig. 4. Barry, 1851 :283. 5. Elliott, 1854:121. 6. Downing, 1857:116. 7. Hooper, 1857 :14. 8. Gregg, 1857:41. 9. Warder, 1867:712. 10. Thomas, 1875 :205. Synonyms. BaILey SPICE (2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8). BAILEy’s SPICE (1, 6, 9, IO). A dessert apple of medium size, light yellow color and subacid, spicy flavor, in season in September and October. Historical. In 1850 J. W. Bailey, of Plattsburgh, published the following account of the origin of this variety (2, 3). “ The original tree is now growing in my grounds, and was planted there fifty years ago by my grand- father, Captain Nathaniel Platt. It is a great bearer, and I think I never knew an apple so invariably fair and perfect as this.” So far as we have learned this variety is no longer planted and is nearly obsolete in New York. BAKER SWEET. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:117. 2. Warder, 1867:712. 3. Thomas, 1875 :402. Synonyms. BAKER SWEET (2, 3). BAKER'S SWEET (1). Late Golden weet (1). Long Stem Sweet (1). Winter Golden Sweet (1, 3). A golden yellow apple of good size and attractive appearance. Because it is sweet, not a late keeper and drops readily from the tree it is of little commercial value except where it can be disposed of in local market, not- withstanding that the tree is very productive. It is a good variety for the home orchard where a sweet apple, ripening in late autumn, is desired. Historical. ‘This is an old variety, formerly much grown in parts of New England (1). It is but little grown in New York state. TREE. Tree medium size, only moderately vigorous or a slow grower; branches dark, rather slender, somewhat resembling Jonathan (1). Form spreading. Twigs rather stout. Fruit. Fruit large to medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to oblate, usually regular. Stem short to rather long, rather slender. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, deep, rather broad, sometimes partly russeted and with outspreading rays, symmetrical. Caly« pubescent, medium, closed; lobes broad at base, acute. Basin shallow to moderately deep, narrow to above medium in width, somewhat abrupt, a little furrowed. Skin moderately thin, tough, nearly smocth except for some patches of russet and conspicuous russet dots, good yellow with shade of brownish-red blush on exposed cheek. Prevailing effect good yellow. Calyx tube medium, somewhat funnel-shape. Stamens median. 14 Tue AppLes oF NEw York. Core above medium to large, abaxile; cells open, sometimes unsymmetrical ; ccre lines meeting. Carpels very broadly ovate to roundish, tufted. Seeds dark, medium to rather small, plump, acute, tufted. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, rather tender, rather juicy, very sweet, pleasant, good to very good. Season October to December. BANKS. REFERENCES. 1. Craig and Allen, Can. Hort., 16:420. 1893. fig. 2. Nova Scotia Fr. Gr. Assn. Rpt., 1894:81, 129. 3. Sears, Can. Hort., 22:476. 1899. 4. Caston, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 9:55. 1902. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1903 : 160. Synonyms. Banks (2, 3, 4,5). BANKS GRAVENSTEIN (2). BANKS RED GRAVENSTEIN (1). Banks Red Gravenstein (4). Red Gravenstein (3). In 1903 R. W. Starr, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, presented to the American Pomological Society the following report concerning this variety (5). “A bud sport from Gravenstein, much the same in season and flavor, but bright red, less ribbed, more regular in shape, and generally a little smaller in size. First noticed and propagated by C. E. Banks, of Berwick, Kings Co., N. S. It is well liked and is being quite largely planted.” It appears that this sport first came into bearing about 1880 (1). In 1899 Sears (3) re- tarked, “ The Banks or Red Gravenstein is gaining in popularity because it combines with the superior quality of the ordinary Gravenstein the bright red color which people demand who judge the apple by its appearance alone.” Except in the points of difference above noted Banks appears to be identi- cal with Gravenstein and the reader is referred to the description of that variety for a technical account of the tree and fruit. So far as we can learn this variety is not yet planted to any considerable extent in New York. BEAUTIFUL ARCAD. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 9:104. 1883. 2. Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:443. 3. la. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:17. 4. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. 5. [b., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:48. 6. Budd, Rural N. Y., 47:692. 1888. 7. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 8. Harris, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1892:274. 9. Thomas, 1897:248. fig. 10. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:28. 1902. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903:44. 12. Ragan, U. S. B. P. 1. Bul, 56:20, 30, 353. 1905. Synonyms. Arcad Krasivui (3). Arkad Krasivui (5, 12). ARKAD Krastwul (1). Arkad Krasiwui (2, 5, 12). BreautiruL Arcap (2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 7, 8, 9, I1). BeautTiIFUL ARCADE (10, 11). Beautiful Arcade (1, 5, 12). No, 453° (5; 6,40; 11, 12). This is a Russian apple of good medium size, yellow, partly shaded and splashed with red, sweet, in season in August and September. It is con- sidered a desirable variety in portions of the Upper Mississippi valley and in other districts where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. THe Apptes oF NEw York. 15 BEAUTY OF KENT: REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1803:55. 2. Ib., 1824:93. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 59. 4. Kenrick, 1832:92. 5. Floy-Lindley, 1833:20. 6. Downing, 1845:81. 7. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:250. 1848. fig. 8. Kirtland, Horticulturist, 2:544. 1848. 9. Thomas, 1849:146. 10. Cole, 1849:114. 11. lDinubaavorns, INI Jalig ING Mon BySsVin sitsicig eB Meehan, duel ake} ne Nope 1854:167. 14. Hooper, 1857:15. 15. Gregg, 1857:41. 16. Downing, Horii culturist, 19:364. 1864. figs. 17. Warder, 1867:584. 18. Fitz, 1872:152. 19. Leroy, 1873:07. fig. 20. Hogg, 1884:17. 21. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 22. Wickson, 1889:245. 23. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234. 24. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :109. 26. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:46. 1903. 27. Garden, 64 :2309. 1903. fig. bearing nursery trees. SYNONYMS. _BEAUTE DE KENT (19). BEAUTY oF KENT (I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; 9) 10; Tl, 12) 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22; 23, 24,27). - Beauty of ‘Kent (19, 26). Kent Beauty (25, 26). Kentish Pippin (19, of some 3). Pepin de Kent (19). Pippin Kent (19). Fruit large, beautiful, showy, suitable for culinary use, in season from late September to November. The tree is large, vigorous, upright, comes into bearing rather young, is a reliable cropper and moderately productive. In England where it originated it is said to do best under garden culture in warm soil and on Paradise stock; grown in clay and other uncongenial soils it loses quality (27). It is but little known in New York. BELBORODOOSKOE. REFERENCES. I. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:55. No. 37. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:349. 1889. 3. Beach, Jb., 12:599. 1803. 4. Thomas, 1897 :265, ig, Gy Inlemoan, Ss 15 Sues lathe WO2zo, WOoy2- SyNnonyMs. BELBORODOOSKOE (2, 3). BELLERDOVSKOE (4, 5). Bielborodov- ske (1). WuHtte BoropovKa (1). A Russian apple, medium to large, pale greenish-yellow, sometimes blushed, coarse, rather juicy, mild subacid to nearly sweet, good; season August. It does not appear to be worthy the attention of New York fruit growers. BENNINGER, REFERENCES. 1. Churchill, N. VY. Sta. An. Rpt.; 8:355. 1889. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 3. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1894:17. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:270. 1896. 5. Taylor, dm. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897 :36. Synonyms. BENNIGER (2). BENNINGER (I, 3, 4, 5). A pleasant-flavored dessert apple of good medium size and attractive ap- pearance; in season during late August and September. It is too mild in flavor to be very desirable for culinary purposes. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing young and is productive. 16 Tue Apples OF NEw YORK. Historical. Originated about 1830 on the farm of Uhlie Benninger near Slatington, Lehigh county, Pa. In that region it is said to be a good grower and a reliable and abundant cropper (4). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short stout branches. Form spreading, open. wigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark clear brownish tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels conspicuous, quite numerous, medium in size, oblong, not raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium in size, broad, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate to roundish ovate, some- what irregular; sides unequal. Stem short to medium, rather slender. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, medium in width, moderately deep to deep, often somewhat russeted. Calyx medium in size, usually closed; lobes nar- row, acuminate. Basin wide, moderately deep to shallow, smooth or slightly furrowed. Skin rather thin, nearly smooth, yellow, blushed and streaked with red. Dots rather small, greenish. Calyx tube usually short, wide, conical. Stamens marginal. Core medium, abaxile; cells open; core lines slightly clasping or sometimes meeting. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, rather juicy, mild subacid, good. Season late August and September. BENONI. Rererences. 1. N. E. Farmer, 9:46. 1830. 2. Kenrick, 1832:25. 3. Mag. Hort., 1:149, 363. 1835. 4. Manning, 1838:49. 5. Mag. Hort., 6:172. 1840. 6. [b., 7:43. 1841. 7. Downing, 1845:70. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:17. 1848. fig. 9. Thomas, 1849:136. 10. Cole, 1849:101. 311. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:12. 1851. 12. Hovey, 1:83. 1851. col. pl. and fig. 13. Barry, 1851 :279. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 15. Elliott, 1854:122. 16. Mag. Hori., 21:63. 1855. 17. Gregg, 1857:35. 18. Hooper, 1857:17, 106, 108. 19. Horticul- turist, 14:425. 1859. 20. Warder, 1867:650. fig. 21. Fitz, 1872:121, 148, 177. 22. Hogg, 1884:20. 23. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 24. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 26. Burrill and McCluer, J/l. Sta. Bul., 45:314. 1896. 27. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:51. 1902. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :47. fig. Synonyms. None. Benoni is a fine dessert apple, very attractive in appearance and excellent in quality but not large enough to be a good market variety. The tree comes into bearing moderately voung and INON&A4 re ; c / : A pe ‘ =| ‘ > Hi ! 2 , y ——- é ’ Di 2% /. b i - y a m6 ci A a re, ae eo ,- 5 i oT oa d ty F . ~ 4 4 7 a — ————= Tue AppLes OF NEw York. 17 yields fair to good crops biennially. It begins to ripen early in August and its season extends into September. Historical. Originated in Dedham, Massachusetts, where the original tree was still standing in 1848. It was introduced to notice by Mr. E. M. Richards shortly before 1832 (2). It is highly esteemed throughout the country and is generally listed by nurserymen throughout the middle and northern portions of the apple-growing regions of this continent (24). TREE. Tree rather large, vigorous. Form erect to somewhat roundish, dense. wigs moderately long, straight, slender; internodes medium. Bark olive- green, shaded with light reddish-brown, lightly coated with scarf-skin, pubescent. JLenticels scattering, medium, oblong, slightly raised. Buds deeply set in bark, medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to rather small. Form roundish inclined to conic, faintly ribbed toward the apex; sides unequal. Stem short to very short, slender. Cavity acute, rather narrow, moderately deep, wavy, greenish-russet. Calyx rather small to above medium, partly open, slightly pubescent. Basin medium in width and depth, abrupt, somewhat wrinkled. Skin smooth, orange-yellow partly covered with lively red striped with deep carmine. Dots scattering, minute, whitish. Stamens basal. Core small to medium, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels roundish, slightly elongated, emarginate. Seeds few, dark brown, medium in size, plump, obtuse. Flesh yellow, firm, crisp, fine-grained, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, good to very good. Season August and early September. BIETIGHEIMER. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1881:101 app. 2. Thomas, 1885:521. 3. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 4. Wickson, 1889:243. 5. Can. Hort., 13 :239, 301. 1890. fig. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 7. Can. Hort., 16:14. 1893. 8. [b., 17:413. 1804. col., pl. 9. Gard. and For., 8:390, 428. 1895. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 11. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106 :54. 1902. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:48. fig. 13. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205 :43. 1903. SYNONYMS. BEITIGHEIMER (6). BIETIGHEIMER (7, 10, 12, 13). RED BeEITIG- HEIMER (9). Red Beitigheimer (6). Rep BIETIGHEIMER (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, II). Fruit remarkable only for its great size and beauty. It is a good cooking apple but coarse, subacid and not desirable for dessert use. The fruit being extremely large, drops badly before is> = THe Apples oF NEw YORK. the crop is ready to pick. In the nursery it is a rough grower forming many badly shaped trees and for this reason it is best to topwork it on some good straight stock. The tree comes into bearing rather early and under favorable conditions is an annual cropper but only moderately productive. It is a fine fruit for exhibition but is not worthy of cultivation for either home use or market. Historical. Origin, Germany. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, dense, with laterals inclined to droop. Twigs short, curved, stout, with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, conspicuous, medium in size, oval, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, cbtuse, free, pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate or inclined to conic, with broad, flat base, somewhat irregular. Stem medium to short, thick. Cavity large, acute, or approaching acuminate, wide, mod- erately shallow to rather deep, sometimes furrowed, occasionally lipped, often much russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin varies from shallow and obtuse to deep and abrupt, medium in width, somewhat wrinkled, often marked with mammiform protuberances. Skin thick, tough, smooth, bright pale yellow to greenish or whitish washed with pinkish-red and sparingly and obscurely splashed with deeper red. Dots numerous, small, inconspicuous, yellowish or russet. Calyx tube broadly conical. Stamens usually basal or nearly so. Core medium to large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate or broadly roundish, a little tufted. Seeds numerous, large to medium, rather wide, broadly acute, rather light brown. Flesh almost white, firm, very coarse, crisp, somewhat tough, juicy, sub- acid, fair to nearly good. Season September and October. BIRTH, REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:42, 73. 1881-82. 2. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:79. 3. Ib., 1883:444, 685. fig. 4. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:107. fig. 5. N. Y. Sia. An. Rpt, 2735) tees oe eer Coll. Bul., 1885:18. 7. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:80. 8. N.Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:588. 1892. 9g. Ja. Sta. Bul., 41:70. 1899. Synonyms. BrirtH (8, 9). Curist Birra (6). Curist Birth APPLE (2, 3). Christ Birth Apple. (4). --Curistmas (7). No. 161 (7).. No-s-477 BIETIGHEIMER THe AppLes oF NEw York. 19 (2, 6, 9). 62 M (2). RESCHESTWENSKOE (5). Roschdestvenskoe (6). ROSCHDESTWENSKOE (4). oschdestwenskoe (3). ROSHDESTRENSKOE (1). A Russian apple received in 1888 from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., for testing at this Station. Fruit above medium, roundish conic, slightly ribbed; skin greenish-yellow with a shade of brownish-red; flesh mild sub- acid, fair quality; ripens here in September. Not valuable. BISMARCK, REFERENCES. I. Hogg, 1884:181. 2. Rural N. Y., 55:275, 288, 321, 690, 1896. 3. Van Deman, J/b., 56:241, 503, 534, 598, 662. 1897. figs. 4. Green, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1897:32. 5. Rural N. Y., 57:786. 1808. 6. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356. 7. Can. Hort., 22:240. 1899. 8. Amer. Gard., 20:124, 782. 1899. figs. 9. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 58:688. 1899. 10. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1900:35. 11. Waugh, Vi. Sta. An. Rpt., EASLOG TOOL.) 12. Can. ork 25:47. 1902, *13. Rural. NAY. 61626. 1902. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:49. 15. Rural N. Y., 62:809. 1903. Synonyms. Bismarck (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, II, 12, 13, 14, 15). BisMARK (10). Prince Bismark (1). Prince Bismark (10). Bismarck is evidently related to the Aport group of apples. In size and general appearance it somewhat resembles Alexander. Fruit large, attractive in color, suitable for kitchen and market purposes but inferior in dessert qualities. It ranks about with Alexander and Wolf River in quality. It begins to ripen in October and its season extends from October to early winter. It has not been tested enough in this country to demonstrate its market value. The tree is dwarfish, healthy, hardy, comes into bearing very young, is a reliable cropper and very productive. Even when grown as standards the trees may be planted much more closely together than ordinary commercial varieties. Historical. Originated in the Province of Canterbury, New Zealand. In- troduoed into this country from England about ten years ago. TREE. Tree dwarfish with very short, stout, drooping branches. Form spreading, open. wigs short, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark dull brownish, tinged with green, lightly coated with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium in size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRuit. Fruit very large or large, rather uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish oblate to roundish conic, flattened at the base, pretty regular; sides often 20 THE Apples OF NEw YORK. unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity usually rather large, acumi- nate, moderately wide to wide, deep, often compressed, greenish or russet with outspreading russet rays. Calyx large, open; lobes short, rather broad, nearly obtuse. Basin large to very large, usually symmetrical, deep, moder- ately wide to wide, very abrupt, sometimes broadly and irregularly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, greenish or yellow washed, mottled and striped with two shades of red becoming solid dark red on the exposed cheek, overspread with thin bloom and often marked with thin scarf-skin about the base. Dots minute and russet or large and pale gray. Prevailing effect attractive red with less of a striped appearance than Alexander. Calyx tube wide, broadly conical to somewhat funnel-form. Stamens basal. Core medium to rather small, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells closed or sometimes open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels flat, broadly ovate to nearly cordate, tufted. Seeds few, often abortive, medium size, rather wide, short, plump, obtuse to acute, medium brown. Flesh nearly white, moderately firm, coarse, rather tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, fair to good or nearly good. Season October to early winter. BLACK ANNETTE. REFERENCES. I. Elliott, 1854:167. 2. ? Warder, 1867:713. 3. Downing, 1869 :90. Synonyms. None. A rather small dark red apple formerly grown to a limited extent in some sections of New York and other Eastern states. Season November and De- cember. It is now practically obsolete here. The Black Annette mentioned by Hansen when grown in Central Iowa keeps through the winter which indicates that it is distinct from the variety here described. See Vol. I. BLENHEIM. REFERENCES. 1. Turner, London Hort. Soc. Trans., 3:322. 1819. 2. For- syth, 1824:134. 3. Pom. Mag., 1:No. 28. 1828. col. pl. 4. Ronalds, 183: :61. fig. 5. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 104. 6. Kenrick, 1832:72. 7. Floy- Lindley, 1833:29. 8. Downing, 1845:81. 9. Horticulturist, 1:389. 1847. to. Thomas, 1849:144. 11. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:29. 1851. 12. El- liott, 1854:167. 13. Hooper, 1857:19. 14. Lucas, Ed., Jil. Handb. Obstk., 1:515. 1859. 15. Warder, 1867:713. 16. Regel, 1:461. 1868. 17. Berghuis, 1868:No. 61. col. pl. 18. Tilt. Jour. Hort., 7:166. 1870. 19. Downing, 1872:3 app. 20. Leroy, 1873:139. fig. 21. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1875.6. 22. Lauche, 1882:No. 36. col. pl. 23. Bensel, Rural N. Y., 42:65. 1883. 24. Hogg, 1884:24. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:288. 26. Can. Hort., 15:40, 72, III, 124, 156, 188, 206. JI892. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 235. 28. Can. Hort., 16:113, 299. 1893. 29. Bredsted, 2:157. 1803) .3egN@ne Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 31. Gaucher, 1894:No. 8. col. pl. 32. Gard. and For., 9:15. 1896. 33. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 34. IS peoupeu) MOUVASIE =e ’ Tue AppiLes oF NEw YorK. ai Amer. Gard., 19:344. 1898. 35. Can. Hort., 24:353. 1901. figs. 36. Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:6. 1901. figs. 37. Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:197. 38. Ma- coun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul., 37:40. 1901. 39. Budd-Hansen, 1903:51. 40. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:113. 1904. Synonyms. Belle d’ Angers (31). BLENHEIM (20, 23, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40). Blenheim (5, 18, 19). BLENHEIM ORANGE (1, 2, 4, 6, 13, 15, 26, 28, 32, 33). Blenhewm Orange (3, 5, 7, 8, 10, Il, 12, 18, 10, 20, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36, 30, 40). LMM IMEI (2 Se Fats Gh Oh ii, 12 ilo, 17, isy ilo), Ai, Ay As. 7h, Aho) Gio) 38). Blenheim Pippin (6, 20, 26, 28, 31, 34, 35, 30, 39, 40). BLENHEIMSRENETT (37). Blooming Orange (18, 19, 31). Dredge’s Fane (31). Dutch Mig- nonne, err. (18, 19). Gloucester Pippin (31). GOLDREINETTE VON BLENHEIM (14, 22, 31). Goldreinette von Blenheim (20). Impératrice Eugénie (31). Kempster’s Pippin (18, 10, 20, 24, 31, 32). Lorp NEtson (incorrectly in some nursery catalogues). Lucius Apfel (31). Northampton (31). Northwick Pippin (5, 18, 19, 20, 24, 31). Orange Blenheim (31). Orange Pippin (31). Perle d’ Angleterre (31). Prince of Wales (31). Pomme de Blenheim (31). Reinette de Blenheim (31). Ward's Pippin (31). Woodstock (2, 35, 36). Woodstock Pippin (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 18, 19, 20, 24, 31, 34). Fruit large to very large, yellow, more or less washed and striped with red, attractive in appearance and of excellent quality. The commercial season in the southeastern portions of the State is October. In Western New York it comes into season with the Twenty Ounce and keeps into early winter (31). Often specimens of it may be kept much later. Macoun gives its season in Ontario as November and December (28). The fruit is desirable both for home and market uses but the variety is usually unsatisfactory for commercial planting because it is not a good keeper, is variable in season and commonly suffers considerable loss in drops and culls. In some locations, however, it is considered a good profit- able variety. Origin Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England. It found its way into the Lon- don nurseries about the year 1818 (24). Although it has long been known in portions of New York and adjacent states and in Canada in no part of this region has it assumed very great commercial importance. TREE. Tree large, vigorous, productive, bearing its fruit singly and evenly dis- tributed. Form upright spreading. Twigs very stout. Bark ‘clear, light reddish-brown becoming dark. Fruit. Fruit usually large or above medium. Form roundish oblate to roundish inclined to conic, usually pretty regular and symmetrical, sometimes a little 22 THe Apples oF NEw York. furrowed at the apex. Stem short to medium. Cavity below medium to rather large, rather narrow to wide, moderately deep to deep, acute to acumi- nate, usually symmetrical, sometimes compressed or lipped, covered with rus- set which often extends beyond the cavity. Calyx large or very large; seg- ments flat, separated at base plainly exposing the yellowish tube beneath; lobes obtuse. Basin large, broad, shallow and obtuse to deep and abrupt, somewhat furrowed and slightly wrinkled. Skin moderately thin and tough, deep yellow overspread with a rather dull pinkish-red, in highly colored specimens developing a deep and rather bright red somewhat roughened in places with netted capillary russet lines. Dots numerous, small or conspicuously large and russet. Prevailing effect rather attractive red and yellow. Calyx tube short, very wide, cone-shape. Stamens median to somewhat basal. Core medium or below, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells often unequally developed, closed or partly open; core lines meeting. Carpels flat, tufted, emarginate. Seeds few and frequently abortive, irregular, often not plump, long, acute to acuminate, tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately juicy, crisp, moderately fine grained or a little coarse, somewhat aromatic, agreeable sprightly sub- acid, becoming rather mild subacid, good to very good; excellent either for dessert or culinary use. Season. It is at its best from October to December but often may be kept until midwinter or later. BLUSHED GALVIELE, REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:80. 2. Schroeder, Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:72. 3. Budd, Can. Hort., 11:223, 246. 1888. 4. [b., Rural N. Y., 47:602. 1888. 5. [b., fa. Agr. Coll. Bull 1890-17.) 0210. Can. Hort., 132216. "18090. 7 Ib:, Ia. Sia: Bul., 193535. weognosmamecm. Minn. Sta. Bul., 32:241. 1803. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt. 1896:73. 10. Thomas, 1897:265. fg. x1. Hlansen, St DY Ste: Bully 76.32) lode. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :52. Synonyms. BLUSHED CALVILLE (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12). CALVILLE Gunso (Gi), 22 (A), 22 WWE Cay ay By 96 ih wi, 1))e Blushed Calville is said to be hardy and desirable in northern apple-grow- ing regions (11). As fruited at this Station the tree does not come into bearing very young and is not very productive. It is not recommended for planting in this state. Historical. Origin Russia. . TREE. Tree rather small, moderately vigorous with short, stout branches. Form upright spreading, open. wigs medium in length, curved and stout with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brownish mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium in size, round, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. BLENHEIM Tue Appites oF New York. a Fruit. Frwit medium to large, fairly uniform in shape and size. Form roundish conical, ribbed; sides unequal. Sfem usually long and slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, rather narrow to moderately wide, moderately deep, some- times russeted. Calyx large, closed or open. Basin medium in width and depth to wide and deep, a little abrupt, wrinkled. Skin light green or yellowish, sometimes blushed. Calyx tube broad, cone-shaped. Stamens median. Core very large, abaxile; cells wide open; core lines clasping. Secds medium in size, acute. Flesh whitish, firm, rather coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, fair to good. Season early summer. BONUM. REFERENCES. I. Robey, Horticulturist, 11:89. 1856. 2. Downing, 1857: 122. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1860:240. 4. Warder, 1867:424. fig. 5. Leroy, 1873:147. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:190. 7. Barry, 1883:343. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :235. 9. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:32. 1895. tro. Bur- rill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:315. 1806. 11. Alwood, Va. Sita. Bul., WoO} 2s5 TOOK L25) Powell and Hulton) We Sake Pave Sills 4 8-352 tas: 13. Budd-Hansen, 1903:54. fig. SYNONYMS. Bonum (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13). Magnum Bonum (2, 4, 5, 7). This is a southern variety of very good quality when grown under favor- able conditions. It is in season during late fall and early winter. Probably it is not well adapted to regions as far north as New York, for although it has long been cultivated it is practically unknown among New York fruit growers. Historical. Origin Davidson county, N. C. It was entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in i860, dropped from the list in 1862 and reeéntered in 1869. According to Bailey’s Inventory of North American Apples (8) it is now propagated but little by nurserymen. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark dull brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium in size, flat, acute, free, not pubescent. Brurr (24.16,°7, ahr Fruit medium to large. Form oblate, regular. Stem long, slender to moderately thick, green. Cavity medium to large, deep; regular, often with a little green russet. Calyx large, closed. Basin medium in width, shallow, wrinkled. Skin smooth, yellow, mostly covered with crimson and dark red, striped. Dots distinct, large, light with some having a dark center. Calyx tube funnel-form Stamens marginal. VoL. II —3 24 Tue Apples OF NEw York. Core small; cells closed; core lines scarcely meeting. Carpels ovate. Seeds numerous, large, plump. Flesh white, often stained next to the skin, firm, fine, tender, juicy, aro- matic, mild subacid, very good for dessert. Season September to November. BOROVINKA. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rept., 8:37. 1881-82. 2. Ib., 8:75. 1881-82. 3. Budd, Za. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:80. 4. Gibb, Ib., 1883 :432. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 9:80. 1883. fig. 6. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:90. 7. ° Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1886-87:71. 8. ID., 1886-87 :79. 9. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1888:571. 10. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1890:18. 11. Can. Hort., 13:216. 1890. 12. Budd, Ja. Sta. Bul., 192536. 1892. 13. Harris, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1892:273, 278. 14. Vaylor, Me: Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:58. 15. Niemetz, Can. Hort., 16:113. 1803. 16: Green, Minn. Sta. Bul., 32:240. 1893. 17. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bul., 437105. 1896. 18. Thomas, 1897:629. 19. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 20. Han- sen, oO: 12) Sia. Bul, 76:33. ioo2: 21. Farrand, Mich? Sia eeu eoseis: 1903. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:54. fig. Synonyms. Borovinka (1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, I1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22). Borovinka (4). Borovirsky (18). BorovINKA ANGLUSKAIA (2, 3). (EnciisH Borovinka, 7)? MusHroom (4). Mushroom (5). 9 M (2, 3) heeNIOn 275.103 Oe TO! 12) 17). Borovinka resembles Oldenburg so closely that Hansen says the question of their identity has not been settled (20). .As fruited at this Station it is distinct from Oldenburg; it is fully as attractive as Oldenburg in color but it lacks uniformity in size and is not equal to that variety in flavor and quality. The stock grown at this Station came from Professor J. L. Budd, Ames, Ia., in 1890, and is doubtless the true Borovinka. Historical. Origin Russia. TREE. Tree below medium size but moderately vigorous. Form upright spread- ing to rather flat, open. wigs short, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly mottlec with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oblong, slightly raised. Buds prominent, medium in size, broad, plump, obtuse to acute, free, not pubescent. FrRuIt. Fruit below medium to large, averaging medium; pretty uniform in shape but not in size. Form roundish, slightly flattened at the ends, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem medium in length, thick. Cavity acute, rather shallow to moderately deep, moderately broad, slightly furrowed, sometimes with faint radiating rays of russet. Calyx medium to rather large, closed; lobes broad. Basin medium to rather deep, wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly fur- rowed, occasionally showing mammiform protuberances. THe AppLes oF NEW York. 25 Skin thin, very tender, smooth, pale yellow, often entirely covered with broken stripes and irregular splashes of attractive bright red, overspread with thin bluish bloom. Dots numerous, conspicuous, very small, light colored. Calyx tube large, rather wide, urn-shape to funnel-form widening in the lower part of the funnel cylinder. Stamens median to marginal. Core small to medium, axile; cells closed or nearly so; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, somewhat concave, mucronate, not emarginate. Seeds medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, somewhat obtuse, dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, medium in grain, crisp, tender, moderately juicy to juicy, agreeable subacid, slightly aromatic, good. Season mid-August to mid-September. BOSKOOP. REFERENCES. I. Berghuis, 1868: col. pl. No. 43. 2. Oberdieck, Monatshefte, 1869:193. 3. Oberdieck, Deutschlands beste Obstsorten, 212. 4. Lauche, Erganzungsband zum Ill. Handb., 265. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:56, 155. 1881. 6. Downing, 1881:77 app. fig. 7. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc., 1882: 8. Barry, 1883 :342. 9. Willard, JV. N. Y. Hort. Soc., 1889:171 (reprint in Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1889:329). 10. Palandt, Gartenflora, 38:425. 1880. col. pl. 11. Brodie, Can. Hort., 12:238. 1889. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234. 13. Bailey, Amer. Gard., 14:501. 1893. 14. Craig, Can. Hort., 16:138. 1893. fig. 15. Bredsted, 1893:233. 16. Gaucher, Pomologie, 1894:No. 20. col. pl. 17. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:113. 1904. SyNoNYMS. BELLE DE Boscoop (11). BELLE oF BosKkoop (9). BELLE DE Bosxkoorp (6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15). Belle de Boskoop (16, 17). Boskoor (5, 17). Reinette Belle de Boskoop (16). Reinette Monstrueuse (16). Ret- nette von Montfort (16). SCHOONER von Boskoop (2, 3, 4, 10, 16). SCHOONE von Bosxoop (1). Schoone van Boskoop (16). In some locations this fruit becomes highly colored with attractive bright red predominating, but more often the color is not good, being predominantly dull green or yellow and more or less cusseted. It is more suitable for gen- eral market and culinary purposes than for dessert. It is of good size but does not rank high in quality; the texture is somewhat coarse, and the flavor rather too acid for an agreeable dessert apple, but late in the season its acidity becomes modified. It appears to be pretty hardy and a good bearer. When grown on warm soils in Southern New York it may be marketed in September, but in the more northern regions of the state it keeps into the winter. It is perhaps of sufficient merit to be worthy of testing but we are not yet ready to recommend it for general planting. Historical. This variety is said to have originated from seed in 1856 in the nursery of the Ottolander family at Boskoop (1, 4). Palandt finds that it is identical with the variety described by Lauche and Oberdieck as “ Rei- nette von Montfort” (4). It was imported into this country more than twenty-five years ago (5) and has gradually been disseminated to a limited extent in various portions of New York state. 26 THe Apples oF NEw YORK. TREE. Tree rather large, moderately vigorous; branches long, moderately stout, crooked; lateral branches numerous and small. Form open, wide-spreading and drooping. Twigs rather short to long, straight, rather stout; internodes below medium to very long. Bark dark brownish-red, mingled with olive- green; somewhat pubescent. Lenticels numerous, conspicuous, small, oblong or roundish. Buds rather large, broad, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. Leaves large, broad. Fruit. Fruit large. Form usually oblate, sometimes roundish oblate, obscurely ribbed, sometimes with oblique axis; pretty uniform in size and _ shape. Stem usually short and thick, sometimes rather long. Cavity rather large, acute to acuminate, somewhat furrowed, often irregular, deep, russeted. Calyx large; segments long or very long, acuminate, closed or somewhat open, sometimes separated at the base. Basin abrupt, rather narrow, mod- erately shallow to rather deep, sometimes slightly furrowed. Skin dull green or yellowish, sometimes blushed and mottled with rather bright red, and striped with deeper red, roughened with russet flecks, often irregularly overspread with russet. Dots small and gray, mingled with others which are large, irregular and russet. Calyx tube large, cone-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core medium to small, somewhat abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, closed or open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels roundish or obcordate, a little tufted. Seeds apt to be abortive; when well developed they are long, irregular, obtuse to acute, somewhat tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, somewhat coarse, tender, juicy, crisp, brisk subacid, good to very good. Season. Commercial season September to November (17). As grown in Western New York generally some of the fruit may be kept till April. BOUGH SWEET. This variety is also known as Bough Apple, Large Yellow Bough, Sweet Bough and Summer Sweet Bough. It is listed in the late catalogues of the American Pomological Society! as Bough, Sweet but most nurserymen list it as Sweet Bough.? We prefer to recognize the name commonly accepted by nursery- men and accordingly have described the variety under the name Sweet Bough. See page 216. BRESKOVKA, REFERENCES. I. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :80. 2. Budd, Can. Hori, 112246. 1888. 3. Ib. Rural N. V. 47/602) WSesSHe4a oslo Agr. Col. Bul. 1890:17. 5. Ib., Ia. Sta. Bul., 19:535. 1892. 6. Green, Minn. 1Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 2 Bailey, An. Hort. 1892:235, 250. THe AppLtes oF NEw York. 2y, Sta. Bul., 32:240. 1893. 7. Thomas, 1897:629. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:34. 1902. 9g. Budd-Hansen, 1903:56. SYNONYMS. BRESKOVKA (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). 152 M (2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9). A hardy Russian variety of Yellow Transparent type, in season during late August and early September. The flesh quickly discolors as the ripening season advances. It is rather attractive in color for a yellow apple but does not average above medium size and it is not equal to Yellow Trans- parent in either flavor or quality. Not recommended for growing in New York. BUNKER HILL. RErERENCE. I. Downing, 1872:4 app. fig. Synonyms. None. This variety has been planted to some extent in Central New York and is regarded by some fruit growers in that region as a profitable commercial sort. The tree is large, upright spreading, vigorous to moderately vigorous with long, spreading, moderately stout twigs. It is hardy, healthy, medium to long-lived and a reliable cropper, usually bearing heavy crops biennially. The fruit is subacid and good either for dessert or culinary uses. It is in season from mid-autumn to early winter. Historical. Originated in the orchard of Dr. Paige, Dryden, Tompkins county, N. Y. (1). Fruit (1). “Fruit medium, roundish conical, regular; skin pale whitish-yellow shaded, mottled, striped and splashed with two shades of red, rather thinly over two-thirds of the surface, and moderately sprinkled with light dots, a few being areole; stalk short, slender; cavity medium or large, a little greenish; calyx closed; basin medium, slightly corrugated; flesh quite white, some- times a little stained next the skin, fine, tender, juicy, subacid, vinous, slight quince-like flavor; very good; core rather small.” BUTTER, REFERENCES. I. Elliott, 1854:125,150,174. 2. Downing, 1857:125. 3. Warder, 1867:392. 4. Downing, 1869:112. 5. Fitz, 1872:152. 6. Thomas, 1875:405. 7. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:60. 1905. Synonyms. None. Downing describes a variety under this name which is above medium size, yellow, with whitish flesh, very sweet and rich, valuable for cooking and esteemed for making apple butter; season September and October (2, 4). Other varieties have been known under the name Butter which, as Downing remarks, “appears to be a favorite name with some to apply to any good sweet apple for sauce or cooking.” The references above cited do not all refer to the same variety. 28 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. CABASHEA, REFERENCES. 1. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849:350. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:103. 1851. 3. Warder, 1867:714. 4. Thomas, 1875:495. 5- Beach, Apples of New York, 1:91. 1905. SYNONYMS. CABASHEA (I, 3, 4, 5). Cabashea (2). CABASHIE (2). The name Cabashea has been applied by many pomologists to the variety commonly known among fruit growers and fruit dealers as Twenty Ounce Pippin (5), an apple which comes in season about with Tompkins King. The variety which is generally known in Western New York as Cabashea comes in season about with the true Twenty Ounce but it is not so good a keeper. In 1851 Emmons published a cut of a section of this Cabashea showing well its characteristically oblate form. Emmons remarked, “ This apple is more remarkable for its size than for its valuable qualities. It is not, however, an inferior apple. For cooking it is cer- tainly esteemed, as it has a pleasant and agreeable taste. It 1s, however, too large.” The tree is hardy, healthy, medium to long- lived, and a pretty regular cropper, yielding moderate to rather light crops nearly annually. It is not considered a good commercial variety because it is not sufficiently productive and the fruit does not sell very well. Historical. This variety appears to be a Western New York seedling (1). It is now seldom or never planted. TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form erect or somewhat spread- ing. wigs medium to long, curved, spreading, stout to rather slender; internodes medium. Bark reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent near tips. Lenticels conspicuous, scat- tering, large, oval, raised. Buds large, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent; tips stout. Fruit. Fruit large to very large, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to decidely flat, obscurely ribbed; sides somewhat unequal. Stem usually short, moderately slender. Cavity acute, deep, very broad, often somewhat furrowed, much russeted with greenish russet often extending beyond the cavity. Calyx large or sometimes medium, usually closed; lobes long, medium in width, acute. Basin large, deep, wide, somewhat furrowed, unsymmetrical. CABASHEA THE Apples OF NEw York. 29 Skin moderately tender, smooth, slightly unctuous, yellowish-green mottled and blushed with yellowish-red, with broad stripes and splashes of brighter and deeper red. Dots small, inconspicuous, often submerged. Prevailing color in many specimens yellowish-green with broad stripes of faint red; in more highly-colored specimens the red striping becomes quite distinct. Calyx tube large, wide, conical. Stamens basal. Core large, decidely abaxile; cells wide open; core lines meeting. Car- fels elongated ovate, distinctly concave, slightly tufted. Seeds few, medium size, irregular, plump, obtuse, dark. Flesh greenish or tinged somewhat with yellow, rather firm, coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid or quite acid, fair for dessert, good for cooking. Season September and October. CA THEAD; REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1803:56. 2. Coxe, 1817:133. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:122. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:48. 5. Downing, 1845:103. 6. Thomas, 1849:179. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:86. 1851. 8. Elliott, 1854 :168. o. Warder, 1867:715. 10. Leroy, 1873:842. fig. 11. Hogg, 1884:41. Synonyms. CATHEAD (2, 3, 8). Cathead Greening (5, 6, 8). CATSHEAD (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11). Catshead (4, 10). Catshead Greening (10). Costard (4). Costard Ray (7). Coustard (4). De Seigneur d’Automne (10). Grosse-Schafnasé (10). Round Catshead (5, 8, 10). Schafnasé (10). Tete d’Ange (10). TETE DE CHAT (10). Formerly grown in some of the home orchards of the state but now practi- cally obsolete. Fruit very large, pale green, subacid. Used for cooking and evaporating. An old English variety. Ray described it as long ago as 1088 (4). GCELESTIA, REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:530. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:122. 3. Fitz, 1872:173. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 5. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:52. 1902. 6. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:114. 1904. Synonyms. None. Fruit not particularly attractive in color and as tested at this Station not superior to ordinary varieties in quality. Warder says (1) that it is es- sentially an amateur’s fruit of very best quality but its texture and color disqualify it for market. The tree is a moderate grower and not very productive. Not recommended for cultivation in New York. Historical. Originated from seed of Stillwater Sweet by L. S. Mote, Miami county, Ohio (1). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout, curved branches. Form up- right spreading, roundish, rather dense. wigs short to moderately long, slightly curved, moderately slender; internodes medium to long. Bark clear brownish-red with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels numerous, small to medium, elongated or roundish, 30 THE AppLes OF NEw York. slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRvIt. Fruit medium to large, usually above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic, somewhat flattened at the base, markedly ribbed, irregular, somewhat angular. Stem medium to long, thick. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acute, moderately deep to deep, rather broad, somewhat furrowed, usually russeted. Calyx medium in size, usually closed; lobes medium in length, rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, rather abrupt, much furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thick, smooth, rather tender, yellow marbled with pale green, and occasionally having a thin brownish blush. Dots numerous, smail, incon- spicuous, submerged, light or russet. Calyx tube very long to medium, deep, funnel-shape. Stamens median to somewhat marginal. Core large, very abaxile to sometimes axile; cells open or closed; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elliptic to broadly obcordate, much concave, emarginate, much tufted. Seeds large, wide, long, obtuse, dark duil brown. Flesh very strongly tinged with yellow, rather firm, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant, rather mild, subacid, good. Season October to January. CHAMPLAIN. REFERENCES. 1. N. E. Farmer, 1853 (cited by 14). 2. Downing, 1857:128. 3. Warder, 1867:637. 4. Downing, 1869:368. fig. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:10. 6. Leroy, 1873:828. fig. 7. Thomas, 1875:197,496. 8. Barry, 1883 :334. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 10. [b., 1892:250. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:12. 12. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:290. 1901. 13. Budd- Hansen, 1903:61. 14. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:300. 1905. Synonyms. Calkin’s Pippin (4, 14). CHAMPLAIN (1, 2, 3, 5, II, 12, 13, I4). Champlain (4, 6, 7, 8. 14). Geneva Pearmain (4, 6, 14). Haverstraw Pippin (4, 14). Large Golden. Pippin (4, 6, 14). Nyack (9, 13). Nyack PIPPIN (9). Nyack Pippin (4, 14). Paper (3, 4, 6, 14). Paper-Skin (3, 14). Sourbough (13). Sour Bough (4, 6, 7, 14). SUMMER Pippin (4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 14). Summer Pippin (13,14). Tart Bough (4, 6, 14). Underdunk (4, 6, 14). Vermont (14). Walworth (4, 6, 14). Nurserymen sometimes list this variety as Nyack, and sometimes as Summer Pippin, but seldom or never as Champlain (9, 10). Fruit of good size, smooth and attractive for a greenish-yellow apple. It is good for dessert and excellent for culinary use. Since it ripens in succession from late August till October, more than two pickings are required to secure the crop in good condition, neither too green nor too ripe. The tree is a good grower, hardy, CHAMPLAIN : Ss 7 ee aed mare py & eet Saeee ee THE Apples OF NEW York. 31 healthy, and moderately long-lived. It comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or almost annually. Some find Champlain a profitable commercial variety, but usually it is grown for home use rather than for market. Historical. Origin unknown. In 1871 (5) it was included in the list of the American Pomological Society’s Catalogue under the name Summer Pippin, but since 1897 it has been listed as Champlain (11). Old trees of it are frequently found in the home orchards throughout the state. It is now seldom planted. TREE. Tree medium to large, vigorous with long and moderately stout branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to medium, straight, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark dull brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to large, not very uniform in size or shape. Form round- ish, rather conical to ovate or somewhat oblong, irregularly ribbed; sides somewhat unequal. Stem medium to long, medium to rather thick. Cavity acuminate to acute, moderately shallow to deep, rather narrow to medium in width, sometimes furrowed and usually lightly russeted. Calyx small to medium, closed or slightly open. Basin shallow to medium in depth, nar- row, a little abrupt, nearly smooth. Skin tender, greenish-yellow or pale yellow, often with a light crimson blush. Dots numerous, small, russet or submerged. Calyx tube conical to funnel-form, usually rather short but sometimes elongated. Stamens median to marginal. Core large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels smooth, elongated ovate, not emarginate. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, rather narrow and short, plump, sharp pointed, almost acuminate. Flesh white or with slight tinge of yellow, rather fine, very tender, juicy, sprightly, subacid, good to very good. Season late August till October. CHANDLER, REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1835:65. 2. Floy-Lindley, 1846:410, app. 3. Thomas, 1849:164. 4. Cole, 1849:122. 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:67. 1851. 6. Elliott, 1854:168. 7. Downing, 1857:128. 8. Hooper, 1857 :24. g. Warder, 1867:715. 10. Downing, 1869:122. 11. Fitz, 1872:169. SYNONYMS. CHANDLER (I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11). Chandler’s Red (11). General Chandler (1). Late Chandler (10). Winter Chandler (6). 32 THE Apples OF NEW YorK. In 1854 Elliott included Chandler in a list of varieties unworthy of cultiva- tion (6). It is a late fall apple, yellowish striped with red. Tree moderately vigorous but a great bearer (7, 10). An old variety supposedly of Con- necticut origin though Kenrick (1) ascribes it to Chelmsford, Mass. There may be a confusion of two varieties. It is now but little cultivated. Waugh describes another Chandler of sweet flavor which seems to be un- known in New York. He states that it is an old variety of Connecticut origin. BRUIT (G510)75810)) Fruit large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, irregular, unsymmetrical ; sides unequal. Stem short. Skin greenish-yellow, shaded and frequently striped with yellowish-red and with a few streaks of bright red. Dots light gray. Core small. Seeds small. Flesh greenish-yellow, tender, juicy, moderately rich, subacid. Season mid-autumn to early winter. CHARLAMOFF. REFERENCES. 1. (?) Manning, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 6:349. 1869. 2. Budd, Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:525. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:53, 156. 4. [b., 1881-82:38. 5. [b., 1883:83. 6. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :434. 7. Ia. Agr. Coll. Bul, 1885:10. 8. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :77. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 10. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57, 58. 11. Butz, Pa. Sta. Rpt., 1895:134. col. pl. 12. Am, Pomesec: Cat., 1899:16. 13. Budd, Ja. Sta. Bul., 41:66. 1899. 14. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul.. 37:37. 1901. 15. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul, 76:38. 1002. fig: 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :61. fig. Synonyms. Arabka (14). CHARLAMOFF (2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15). Charlamoff (3). (CHARLOMOSKI, 1)? CHARLAMOVSKOE (4). CHARLAMOW- SKOE (3, 5). Charlamowskoe (6,7). No. 105 (8). No. 262 (3, 5). Peter- son’s Charlamoff (16). PoinTED PipKa (11). Potted Pipka (14, 16). A Russian variety of the Oldenburg type imported for the Iowa Agri- cultural College by J. L. Budd. Macoun states that it has been grown under several different names in this country, the most common being Pointed Pipka and Arabka (14). Hansen declares that it is entirely distinct from the Charlamoff as grown by J. G. Mitchell and A. G. Tuttle which is a flat apple of upright habit of tree and not as valuable as many more of the same season. It does very well at Ottawa, Canada, and further north. At its best it is a good dessert apple but it has the fault of remaining in prime condition for only a very short time (14). It ripens a little earlier than Oldenburg but as fruited at this Station is inferior to that variety in quality. It comes into bearing young and is a reliable cropper, yielding fair to heavy crops bienni- ally. It is but little known among New York fruit growers. It may be found of some value in those sections of the state where superior hardiness is a prime requisite, THe Apples OF NEw York. 33 CHEESEBORO. REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 17:263. 1851. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3: col. pl. No. 20. 1851. 3. Elliott, 1854:168. 4. Downing, 1857 :21T. 5. Hooper, 1857:25. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:243. 7. Warder, 1867 :522. 8. Thomas, 1875:496. 9. Waugh, V’t. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. 10. Ragan, (Ul SIR. I2s Un IB OF itCOYO)5. SynonyMs. Canada Reinette (9). Cathead (9). CHEESEBORO (10). CHEESEBORO’S RUSSET (6). CHEESBOROUGH (7). CHEESEBOROUGH (2, Q). CHEESEBOROUGH RussET (I, 3, 4, 5, 8). Cheeseborough Russet (9, 10). For- ever Pippin (10, of some West 3, 5). Howard Russet (3, 4, 5, 10). Kings- bury Russet (3, 4, 5, 10). Oxheart (9). Pumpkin Sweet of some (10). Sweet Russet (10). York Russet (10, of some 3, 5). York Russeting (10). This is an old variety of unknown origin which is fast becoming obsolete. Tree large to very large, very vigorous, long-lived, a reliable cropper yielding good to heavy crops biennially or almost annually; form upright spreading or roundish. Fruit large to very large, conical, dull green overspread with thin russet, coarse, rather dry, subacid or becoming almost sweet, inferior in flavor and quality, suitable for kitchen use only; season October to early winter. CHENANGO, REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 9:475. 1854. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 3. Downing, 1869:124. fig. 4. Thomas, 1875:199. 5. Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879 :472. 6. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:24. 7. Barry, 1883 :337. 8. Wick- son, 1889:244. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 11. Jb., 1892:249. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893 :132. 13. Burrill and McCluer, Jl. Sta. Bul., 45:317. 1896. 14. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. 15. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:120. I901. 16. W. WN. MW, elon SOC TDi, BCH EO, iy leleinged, So ID: Sie, Iie, GOesOL uO: 18. Can. Hort., 26:345. 1903. figs. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903:62. 20. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:44. 1903. 21. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bul., 182:20. 1903. 22. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:115. 1904. Synonyms. Buckley (3, 4). CHENANGO (2, 9, I0, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22). CHENANGO STRAWBERRY (I, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 13, 15). Chenango Strawberry (10, 11, 14, 17, 18, 19, 22). CHENANGO Strawberry (12). Frank (3, 4). Jackson (3, 4). SHERWooD’s FAvorITE (11). Sherwood’s Favorite (3; 4, 6, 7, 12, 14, 17, 18, 10, 22). Smyrna (3). Strawberry (1, 3, 4). Fruit beautiful in appearance, yellowish-white striped with red, of excellent dessert quality and good also for culinary uses. The tree is an early and regular bearer, hardy, healthy, and pretty long- lived. Under favorable conditions it is an annual bearer, alter- nating rather light with heavy crops. The fruit begins to mature in September and ripens continuously during a period of several weeks. For this reason it should have more than one picking in order to secure the crop in the best condition. The latest ripening 34 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. fruit may be kept in ordinary storage till November, but after that the color fades and it deteriorates much in quality, even though it may remain apparently sound (22). The fruit does not ship well because its flesh is too tender. Some find it a profitable vari- ety to grow for local or special markets, but other varieties of its season are more desirable than Chenango for general commercial planting. It is recommended as an excellent variety for the home orchard. Historical. Chenango, according to some accounts, originated in Lebanon, Madison county, N. Y.; others say that it was early brought into Chenango county by settlers from Connecticut. It has certainly been known in cultiva- tion for more than fifty years (3). It is still propagated by nurserymen but the demand for the stock is quite limited. TREE. Tree medium size, vigorous with short, stout, curved branches. Form up- right spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs long to medium, curved, moderately slender; internodes medium. Bark olive-green tinged with dull brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds deeply set in bark, small, flat, obtuse, ap- pressed, slightly pubescent. FRvIrt. Fruit above medium to large, but under unfavorable conditions it may be small and poorly colored. Form elongated ovate or oblong conic, slightly ribbed. Stem short to medium, moderately thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, narrow, often somewhat furrowed and compressed, usually not russeted. Calyx medium to large, partly open or closed; lobes often separated at the base, long, broad, obtuse. Basin usually small, medium to rather shallow, narrow to moderately wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, furrowed, sometimes wrinkled. Skin rather tough, smooth, glossy, yellowish-white, often almost entirely overspread and mottled with attractive pinkish-red, conspicuously striped and splashed with bright carmine. Dots few, small, inconspicuous, light colored, often submerged. Calyx tube long, funnel-shape or nearly so. Stamens median. Core rather large, abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, wide open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to oval, smooth. Seeds small, moderately wide, plump, obtuse, not tufted. Flesh white, moderately firm, tender, juicy, mild subacid, very aromatic, CRANBERRY PIPPIN i ‘ . . . _ ‘ j 4 & ‘ @ } 1 y ad * THE AppLes oF NEw York. 45 CZAR THORN. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rept., 1881:53. 2. [b., 1883:75. 3. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :430. 4. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:7. 5. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:44. 6. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 7. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rept., 1896:50. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:43. 1902. fig. SYNONYMS. CzAR THORN (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Czar Thorn (2). Czarskm Schip (4). No. 140 M (8). No. 206 (4, 5,8). Tars Thorn (1). Tsarskm Schip (5). Zarskischip (7). ZArsKt Scuip (2). Zarski Schip (3). ZARSKI LARS (1) A Russian apple of medium size, roundish conic, green and yellow usually shaded and striped with crimson; flesh rather coarse, sweet, hardly fair in quality; season September; not valuable. DEADERICK. REFERENCES. I. U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1895:22. 2. Watts, Tenn. Sta. Bul., Pett. 18096) fg. 3: Daylor, Am. Pom. Soc) Rpt, 1807 :37- Synonyms. Ben Ford (2). DEADERICK (1, 2, 3). Ozark Pippin (2). A good-sized green apple, of somewhat better color than Rhode Island Greening, but it does not keep as well, and is inferior to that variety in quality. The tree is a strong grower, healthy, and so far as tested here comes into bearing young and gives promise of being very productive. It has not been on trial long enough to indicate whether or not it has sufficient merit to be considered a promising variety for this state. In Tennessee it is considered a very valuable early winter apple (2). Historical. Originated with Benjamin Ford, Washington county, Tenn. It was first disseminated as Ozark Pippin (2). TREE. Tree rather vigorous. Form spreading and somewhat upright. Twigs moderately stout, nearly straight; internodes short. Bark bright brownish- red. Lenticels roundish, often conspicuous, scattering, small. Buds medium size, appressed, obtuse, short, pubescent. Leaves medium size, somewhat narrow; often the base of the petioles is conspicuously streaked with red. FRuIt. Fruit large. Form broadly roundish, often rather conical, sometimes broadly ribbed, pretty regular, uniform. Stem medium to rather long, slender. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually smooth and symmetrical, sometimes slightly furrowed, occasionally prominently lipped. Calyx small, partly open or closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin small, shallow, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, nearly smooth, a little wrinkled. 46 THE Apples OF NEw York. Skin moderately thick, tough, smooth, rather bright green becoming yellow, usually partly covered with a thin pinkish-red blush upon which there are often seen red, areolar dots with russet or whitish center; commonly the dots are whitish and often submerged. Prevailing color green or yellowish. Calyx tube iong, funnel-form. Stamens mediaii to nearly marginal.. Core a little abaxile, medium to small; cells symmetrical, open or nearly so; core lines clasp the base of the cylinder. Carpels thin, generally smooth, broadly roundish, narrowing toward the base, slightly emarginate. Seeds numerous, medium or above, rather wide, obtuse. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, tender, rather juicy, pleasant sub- acid, good. Season October to January. DETROIT RED. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 10:167. 1844. 2. Downing, 1845 :106. 3. Horticulturist, 1:361. 1846. 4. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:192. 5. Thomas, 1849:164. 6. Cole, 1849:115. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:65. 1851. fig., col. pl. 8. Elliott, 1854:130. 9. Downing, 1857:134. 10. Warder, 1867 :532. fig. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 12. Wickson, 1889 :245. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 14. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :237. 15. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:291. 1901. Synonyms. Black Apple of some (2,9). Buack Detroit (5, 7). Black Detroit (2, 8). Crimson Pippin (6, 8, of some 2). Dertrorr (1, 2, 4, 6, 8). Detroit (9). Detrorr Brack (10). Detroir Rep (3, 9, II, 12, 13, 14, 15). Detroit Red? (1c). Fruit growers in Western New York have commonly used the names Detroit Red and Detroit Black interchangeably for the remarkably variable variety which we are here describing as Detroit Red. We have been unable to determine whether there are in fact two distinct varieties of this type, or whether the differences which have been observed in the habit of growth and productive- ness of the tree and in the form, size, general appearance, season and quality of the fruit, are altogether due to differences in the conditions under which the fruit has been produced. Speaking of these two names, Warder, in 1867, wrote, “I have put these two names together because the fruits presented as Black and as Red Detroit are so very much alike in all respects that it is not worth while to consider them distinct. * * * The Red variety may be distinct, as it keeps later.” Lyon (13) recognized two or more varieties of this type and distinguished them by the names Detroit Black and Detroit Red. Speaking of Detroit Red, he remarks: “ There are probably several DETROIT RED THE AppLes oF NEW York. 47 varieties grown under this name, none of them valuable;” and of The Detroit Black he says: “ Unproductive, showy, valueless; it is probably the Detroit Red of Downing.” D. D. Stone, of Oswego, writes:1 ‘ It seems to me that the two are not the same. Detroit Black seems to be more of a scrubby grower, the shape, size, firmness and color seem to be more con- stant and it does not crack so badly as the one we know as Detroit Red, but the season appears to be the same.” Detroit Red, or as it is often called, Detroit Black, as usually grown in Western New York, varies from medium to very large, commonly averaging about medium size. It is flattened at the ends, very dark crimson or purplish, becoming almost black, with snow-white flesh occasionally streaked with rose- pink. It is esteemed by many for dessert use because of its mild, pleasant flavor. There is considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit and from fruit that is too small or too ill- shapen for market. It is quite variable in keeping qualities, being commonly in season about with Maiden Blush. The tree is a mod- erate grower, comes into bearing rather young, and is not a very reliable cropper. Some report that it is a shy bearer; others that it yields moderate to full crops biennially. Historical. This is supposed to have been brought into the neighborhood of Detroit by the early French settlers and thence disseminated (1, 2, 4, 8). It was introduced into Ohio and Western New York before the middle of the last century. The variety is still sometimes listed by nurserymen (14). Its cultivation in New York state is declining and it is now seldom planted. TREE. Tree medium or eventually large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish. Twigs medium to long, moderately slender, dark brown. Fruit. Fruit very large to medium. Form oblate conic varying to roundish oblate, often strongly ribbed, irregular. Stem short, usually rather slender. Cavity often very large, acute to nearly acuminate, deep, moderately broad to very broad, frequently compressed, usually thinly russeted. Calyx variable, usu- ally large, closed or somewhat open; lobes short, broad, rather obtuse. Basin medium in width and depth, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, irregularly furrowed and wrinkled and often with mammiform protuberances. 1 Letter, 1904. 48 Tue AppLes or NEw York. Skin thick, rather tough, dark crimson, largely striped and splashed with purplish-carmine eventually becoming almost black, sometimes having a por- tion of the greenish-yellow ground color exposed. Dots numerous, conspicu- ous, very small, pale or russet. Calyx tube rather short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to basal. Core medium to large, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, rather flat, usually tufted. Seeds rather large, plump, obtuse to acute, moderately light brown. Flesh white, sometimes streaked or stained with red, rather coarse, tender, juicy, agreeable mild subacid, very aromatic, good to very good. Season last of September to December. DUCHESS OF OLDENBURG. This variety is often called Duchess or Duchess of Oldenburg, but the name now accepted for it by pomologists is Oldenburg, under which name it is described on page 150. DUDLEY. REFERENCES. 1. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1891:907. 2. U. S. Pom. F pt., 189QI :390. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:245. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 5. Hos- kins, Amer. Gard., 14:299. 1893. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:83, QI. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:71. 8. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1903 :05. Synonyms. Dub ey (2, 6, 8). DupLEy WINTER (1, 4). DupLEy Winter (7). Dudley's Winter (6). NortH Star (3,5). North Star (6, 7, 8). A very hardy and productive variety which is being planted to a considerable extent in Northern New England. The fruit is pretty large, bright greenish-yellow washed and splashed with red, quite attractive in appearance and good in quality. Munson says that it is perhaps now more widely grown than any other of the newer sorts that have originated in New England. He considers it a valuable acquisition as a winter fruit for northern localities (6). As fruited at Geneva it is in season in September and October, although it may sometimes be kept into the winter. It is recom- mended for trial particularly where a very hardy apple of its season is desired. Historical. A seedling of the Oldenburg, which originated with J. W. Dudley, Castle Hill, Aroostook county, Me. (1, 6). A few years ago it was introduced by a Rochester nursery under the name North Star but it was afterward found that this name had already been given to another variety and therefore the name Dudley Winter was retained for it, which, according to the accepted rules of nomenclature is shortened to Dudley. DUDLEY (Reduced Size) ~ a - : i iy c | | ; a a ; | 7 ‘ Se i H : Fy ! _ - ; 1 ve ; _ > —- r , ie % ~ ; we 7 f | i : ; 7 ' | \i , } | ’ ] ; [ . ‘ . | | 1 : ' - ' —— : ~ ; ' i) « F,| Zi al i 4 | is . i : \ - r ’ ~ - 7 - | ; ‘ 6 3 | r -) , oe ie % wie * Pty Tue Appies oF NEw York. 49 TREE. Tree small, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches short, moderately stout. Form very spreading and drooping, rather dense. Twigs below medium length to short, almost straight, moderately stout to rather slender; internodes short to medium. Bark brown tinged with clear bright red, with but little or no scarf-skin and but slightly pubescent. Lenticels rather con- spicuous, clear in color, scattering, medium in size, oblong, raised. Buds medium or above, rather prominent, plump, obtuse to acute, free or nearly so, somewhat pubescent. l Fruit. Fruit medium to large, uniform. Form roundish conic to roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem long, rather thick. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, rather deep, broad, sometimes lightly russeted, obscurely furrowed. Calyx medium to large, open or partly closed. Basin decidedly abrupt, moderately deep to deep, moderately broad, obscurely furrowed, wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, bright pale yellow or whitish mostly covered with a bright pinkish-red blush striped and splashed with bright carmine and covered with light bloom. Dots scattering, light, small. General appearance red or red striped over contrasting yellow, attractive. Calyx tube long, moderately wide, funnel-shape or sometimes conical. Stamens median to marginal. Core almost axile, medium or below; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping or nearly so. Carpels broadly elliptical, not emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds large, wide, long, somewhat flat, obtuse to acute, dull dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, crisp, nearly fine-grained, tender, very juicy, aromatic, brisk subacid eventuaily becoming mild, very good. Season September and October or sometimes later. DYER: REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1835:60. 2. Mag. Hort., 3:37. 1837. 3. Downing, 1845 :83. 4. Horticulturist, 2:289. 1847. 5. Cole, 1849:111. 6. Thomas, 1849 :153. fig. 7. Barry, 1851 :283, 286. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:30. 1851. 9g. Elliott, 7854:75. 10. Hooper, 1857:30. 11. Hovey, Mag. Hort. 27:70. 1861. fig. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Warder, 1867 :639. fig. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :238. 16. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:47. 1902. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903:72. fig. Synonyms. Bard Apple (9, 11). Beard Burden (9, 11). Bullripe (9, 11). Goes Spice (it) Dyer: (1; 3, 6,8) 0) 10; 1125135 14, 85,16, 17), Dyer (4, 5, 7). Golden Spice (9, 11). Mygatt’s Bergamot (9, 11). PomME Royat (2). Pomme Royal (6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17). Pomme RoyALe (4, 5, 7). Pomme Royale (3, 13). Pomme Roye (4). Pomme Water (9, 11). Pommewater in Ill. (13). Smithfield Spice (3, 5, 10, 11). Tomp- kins -(9, 11). White Spice (9, 11). Woodstock (1). ‘i One of the very finest dessert apples but not a good commercial variety (14). The fruit is of medium size, greenish-yellow with a shade of red. The crop does not ripen evenly and it requires more than one picking. It comes in VoL. II—s 50 THE Apples oF NEw York. season late in August or early in September and ripens continuously until midautumn. The tree is vigorous in the nursery but does not grow to be a large tree in the orchard. It succeeds better when topworked upon some hardier vigorous stock such as Tolman Sweet or Northern Spy. ‘It 1s not long-lived but comes into bearing rather young and yields good crops biennially. Historical. This variety has been supposed by some to be of French origin and was formerly known as Pomme Royale, but Hovey believed it to be an American apple (11). It was known in cultivation in Rhode Island during the Revolutionary War (4). It was named Dyer by the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society more than fifty years ago and has retained that name. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (15). It is but little cultivated in New York and is now seldom, if ever, planted in this state. Beir (3.0, T5573), Fruit medium or sometimes large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity rather small, acute, moderately deep to deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small, closed; lobes short to rather long, recurved. Basin medium to small, shallow to moderately deep, furrowed. Skin smooth, clear pale yellow or greenish, more or less flecked and mar- bled with thin russet with a brownish blush on one cheek. Dots dark or russet. Core medium size; cells open or closed; core lines clasping. Seeds numer- ous, plump, short, medium to small, pale. Flesh yellowish-white, fine, very crisp, tender, aromatic, sprightly, mild subacid, highly flavored, very good to best. Season September and October. EARLY HARVEST. REFERENCES. I. Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:101. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:129. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 5. Wilson, 1828 :136. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 355. 8. Kenrick, 1832:26. 9. Floy-Lindley, 1833:84. 10. Mag. Hort., 1:362. 1835. 11. Manning, 1838:45. 12. [b., Mag. Hort., 7:51. 1841. 13. Down- ing, 1845:72. fig. 14. French, Horticulturist, 1:256. 1846. 15. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:115. 1848. fig. 16. Cole, 1849:07. fig. 17. Walker, Mag. Hort., 15:165. 1849. 18. Thomas, 1849:142. 19. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:16. 1851. 20. Barry, 1851:280. 21. Hovey, 1:75. 1851. col. pl. and fig. 22. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 23. Elliott, 1854:84. fig. 24. Hooper, 1857: 31, 107, III. 25. Gregg, 1857:36. fig. 26. Warder, 1867 :403. fig. 27. Fitz, 1872:143, 160, 172. 28. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 29. Jb., 1881 :11 index, app. 30. Hogg, 1884:67. 31. Wickson, 1889:243. 32. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 33. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 34. Stinson, Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:44. 1894. 35. Burrill and McCluer, J/l. Sta. Bul., 45: 320. 1896. 36. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 3:7. 1806. figs. . 37. Can. Hort., 20:328. 1897. figs. 38. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:121. 1901. 39. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:292. 1901. 40. Budd-Hansen, 1903:73. fig. EARLY HARVEST EARLY HARVEST (Reduced Size) ri Tue Appies oF NEw York. 51 Synonyms. Early French Reimette (2, 8, 13, 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 30, 34). HARE VOLPARVEST. (iy Zee hOv El, 12. EA, Th e1Os 170s, LO) 20,21, 22.24 1 a5. 20, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34; 35, 30, 37; 38; 39, 40). Early Harvest (0, 23). Early July Pippin (24). Early June (23). Harvest (23). Harvest (21). July Early Pippin (15, 21, 30). Juty Preein ©). July Pippm (33; 15, 18, 10, 21, 23, 30, 34). Large Early (15, 21, 30). Large Early Harvest (15, 21). Larce Earty Harvest (3). Large White Juneating (13, 15, 19, 21, 23, 30). Maralandica (29). Oats incorrectly (29). Pomme d’Ete of Canada (30). Prince’s Early Harvest (8, 30). Prince's Harvest (2, 4, 5. 6). Prince’s Harvest (8, 13, 15, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34). Prince's Yellow Harvest.(30). Tart Bough (13, 15, 19, 21, 30). Yellow Harvest (13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 30, 34). Yellow Juneating (23). Fruit medium, pale yellow, sometimes with a faint blush, tender, sprightly subacid, and very good in quality. It is a desirable variety for the home orchard because it is one of the earliest of the sum- mer apples, and is excellent for either dessert or culinary uses. It is not a desirable commercial variety because there is a compara- tively large percentage of undersized or otherwise unmarketable fruit, the color is such that it shows bruises very readily and it keeps but a short time. The tree is a fairly good grower, mod- erately long-lived, comes into bearing rather early, is a biennial or almost annual cropper and moderately productive. Historical. Early Harvest has been known in cultivation for more than a hundred years. Its origin is unknown but it is supposed to have originated in America. At one time it was quite extensively cultivated for local market in some localities but it is now seldom or never planted except for home use. TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. wigs moderately long, curved, rather stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf- skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit usually medium or below but sometimes rather large, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate to nearly round, regular or slightly angular; sides slightly unequal. Stem medium in length, moderately thick. Cavity nearly acuminate, shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, russeted and with outspreading, broken russet rays. Calyx small to medium, closed; lobes long, narrow. Basin shallow, moderately wide, obtuse, slightly wrinkled. 52 Tue AppLes OF NEW YorRK. Skin thin, tender, very smooth, clear pale waxen yellow, occasionally with deeper yellow on exposed cheek, sometimes slightly blushed. Dots numerous, large and small, submerged or russet. Calyx tube short, funnel-shape. Stamens medium. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels slightly obovate. Seeds small to rather large, narrow, long, plump, acute. Flesh white, not firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, at first briskly sub- acid but eventually becoming milder, and more agreeable for dessert. Good to very good. Season late July and August. BAREY JOE; REFERENCES. 1. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1843:52. 2. Mag. Hort., 9:460. 1843. 3. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846 :187. fig. 4. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 12:474. 1846. 5. /b., 13:159. 1847. fig. 6. Smith, Horticulturist, 1:386. 1847. fig. 7. Cultivator, 4:310. 1847. fig. 8. Mag. Hort., 14:539. 1848. 9g. Cole, 1849:105. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849:137. fig. 11. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:19. 1851. 12. Barry, 1851:280. 13. Elliott, 1854:75. fig. 14. Gregg, 1857:36. 15. Downing, 1857:76. 16. Hooper, 1857:32. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:240. 18. Warder, 1867:513. 19. Fitz, 1872:152, 172. 20. Leroy, 1873:404. figs. 21. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1877:124. 22. Hogg, 1884: 68. 23. Wickson, 1889:243. 24. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 25. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 26. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901: 96. 27. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:292. 1901. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 74. fig. SynonyMs. Earty Jor (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) 13,04) m5: 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28). Joe Précoce (20). Fruit medium to small, red striped, excellent in flavor and qual- ity for dessert use; season, August and early September. The tree is small to medium in size, slow growing, moderately long- lived, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable biennial cropper. The fruit hangs pretty well to the tree until it is quite ripe. The crop contains a large percentage of undersized or other- wise unmarketable fruit. Recommended for the home orchard, but not for commercial planting. Historical. Originated with Northern Spy and Melon in the orchard of Heman Chapin, East Bloomfield, Ontario Co., N. Y. This orchard was planted with seedling trees grown from seeds brought from Salisbury, Conn. about the year 1800. In October, 1843, Early Joe was exhibited at the fair of the New York State Agricultural Society, Rochester, N. Y., by Jonathan Buel of East Bloomfield (1). It has been widely disseminated and is still listed by nurserymen (25) but it is not cultivated extensively in any locality. sor Aldva THe AppLes OF NEw York. 53 TREE. Tree moderately vigorous, dwarfish with short, moderately stout, crooked branches. Form rather flat, spreading. wigs short, straight, stout, with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIt. Fruit small to medium, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate conic to conic, somewhat ribbed, rather symmetrical. Sten medium to long, rather slender to moderately thick. Cavity acute, shallow to medium in depth, rather broad, symmetrical, sometimes thinly russeted. Calyx medium size, closed or slightly open. Basin small to medium, usually shallow, medium in width or rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale greenish-yellow, irregularly and obscurely striped and splashed with dull, dark red, in highly colored specimens becom- ing deeply blushed on the exposed cheek. Dots russet and greenish or nearly white. Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical. Stamens median or basal. Core medium to rather small, axile; cells slightly open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly obcordate to elliptical, decidedly concave. Seeds small to medium, rather wide, short, obtuse to acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, fine, crisp, very tender, very juicy, mild subacid, very good to best. Season August and September. EARLY PENNOCK. REFERENCES. 1. Humrickhouse, Mag. Hort., 12:472. 1846. fig. 2. Cole, 1849:104. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:14. 1851. 4. Barry, 1851 :332. 5. Hooper, 1857:33, 106, 110. 6. Gregg, 1857:36. 7. Downing, 1857 :137. & Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:594. fig. 10. Fitz, 1872:145. 11. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1875:49. 12. Thomas, 1875:191. 13. Downing, 1881 :11 index, app. 14. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :74. SYNONYMS. August Apple (7). Earty PENNOCK (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15). Heicke’s Summer Queen (13). Harmony (7, ? of the south, 9). Indian Queen (7). N. J. Red Streak (7). Shaker’s Yellow (7, g). Sleeper’s Yellow (5). Warren Pennock (5, 7). Fruit large, showy, yellow covered with mixed striped red, but often the yellow predominates. Flesh yellow, moderately juicy, subacid, coarse, suit- able for culinary use but not esteemed for dessert; season August. Tree hardy, a biennial cropper and moderatel:; productive. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. Origin unknown. It was first brought to notice in Ohio more than fifty years ago (1) where it was widely disseminated from some of the nurseries of that state. At one time it was being planted to a limited extent in New York but it has been almost wholly discarded. 54 THE Apples oF NEW YORK. EARLY RIPE. REFERENCES. I. Warder, 1867:717. 2. Downing, 1869:156. 3. Fitz, 1872: 151. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. -Cat., 1873. 5- Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 6. IIl. Sta. Bul., 45:320. 1896. 7. Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:200. 1897. 8. Thomas, 1897 :634. 9. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:121. 1901. 10. Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:52. 1902. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :74. Synonyms. None. Fruit of good medium size, yellowish-green, subacid, good for culinary use. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young, and yields full crops in alternate years. Historical. The locality of its origin is unknown but it is supposed to have originated in Pennsylvania (2). TREE. Tree large, vigorous with moderately long, stout branches. Form upright spreading, rather dense, top roundish. wigs long, stout, curved; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf- skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to above, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish oblate somewhat inclined to conic, irregular, broadly ribbed. Stem often bracted, medium in length or short, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, usually shallow, rather broad, sometimes russeted. Calyx rather small, closed. Basin obtuse, usually very shallow, moderately wide, somewhat wrinkled. Skin light yellowish-green. Dots numerous, small, pale gray or russet. Calyx tube rather narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to rather large, abaxile; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate. Seeds medium size, plump, obtuse. Flesh white, quite firm, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, briskly sub- acid, becoming rather mild subacid when fully ripe, fair to good. Season August. EARLY STRAWBERRY. REFERENCES. I. Manning, 1838:46. 2. Downing, 1845:73. fig. 3. Horti- culturist, 1:145. 1846. 4. Mag. Hort., 14:488. 1848. fig. 5. Thomas, 1849:139. fig. 6. Cole, 1849:101. fig. 7. Barry, 1851:280. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 9. Elliott, 1854:76. 10. Hooper, 1857:31, 106, Io9. II. Gregg, 1857:36. 12. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 13. Warder, 1867:514. fig. 14. Downing, 1869:157. 15. Fitz, 1872:143, 151, 160. 16. Leroy, 1873: 310. figs. 17. Downing, 1881:12 index, app. 18. Wickson, 1889:243. Ig. Watts, Tenn. Sta. Bul., 5:78. 1890. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890: 290. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 22. Budd-Hansen, 1903:75. fig. EARLY RIPE y fn A. ss f we Von it: PA ie ote THE Apples OF NEw York. 55 Synonyms. AMERICAN RED JUNEATING (1). American Red Juneating (4, 5, 9, 13, 14, err. 5, ? 2). De La Madeleine Rouge (16). Earty STRAW- moray (2, 3, al, GO, Fp Gh Oh WO, Wil, WA, Wy Tvl, Ts, TG, IS, TO), ACY Ai, 2A), JepiAhy Strawberry (16). FRrAIsE (16). Loms XVIII (16). Red Juneating (3, 6, Q, 10, 14, 15, 16, err. 4, err. of some American gardens, 2). St. John Straw- berry (17). Striped Shropshire (17). Tennesee Early Red (17). Fruit of a very attractive bright deep red color, very desirable for dessert and good also for culinary uses. The tree is medium in size, a moderate grower, upright when young, but eventually be- coming roundish and somewhat spreading. It is hardy, healthy, comes into bearing young and yields moderate to good crops biennially or almost annually. It is not a very satisfactory variety for commercial planting because the demand for it is mostly lim- ited to local markets, a relatively high percentage of the apples are undersized or otherwise unmarketable and the fruit does not keep well. On account of its productiveness and high quality it is a desirable variety for the home orchard. Historical. Early Strawberry is an American fruit which is said to have originated in the vicinity of New York (2, 3). It was formerly known to some under the name Red Juneating or American Red Juneating. The name Red Juneating has been applied also to the Margaret. In 1846 Downing published the following observations concerning these two varieties (3). “ The Early Strawberry has a long stalk, and is a high colored fruit, striped with dark red. The Early Red Margaret has a short stalk and is a dull colored fruit, with faint red stripes. We have had both fruits in bearing this year, and have compared them for several years past. The Early Red Margaret is correctly shown in the beatiful colored plates of Ronald’s Pyrus Malus Brentifordensis, and in.the Pomological Magazine. Our Early Straw- berry apple is not described in any European work that we have seen. It is greatly superior to the Early Red Margaret in productiveness, and especially in long keeping and ripening gradually, qualities that are rare in early apples and for which the market dealers in New York rate the Strawberry very highly.” Early Strawberry has been extensively disseminated and is generally cata- logued by nurserymen throughout the apple-growing regions of America (21). Fruit. Fruit below medium to medium, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish conic or roundish, regular or somewhat ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem long and rather slender, often clubbed. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical, sometimes with faint radiating rays of russet. Calyx rather small, closed or sometimes open; lobes long, narrow. Basin small, shallow to moderately deep, narrow, obtuse, slightly furrowed. 50 THe Apples OF NEw YorK. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, waxy, entirely red or yellow nearly covered with a rich dark red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with deeper red. Dots minute, grayish. Calyx tube short, moderately wide, conical or approaching funnel-shape, with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median. Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells usually open, sometimes partly closed; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels broadly roundish to ellip- tical, much concave, emarginate. Seeds medium or above, wide, plump, obtuse, dark brown. Flesh whitish-yellow often with streaks of red, moderately coarse, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, sprightly, very good. Season August. ; EGG] TOR: REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844. 2. Elliott, 1854:169. 3. Hooper, 1857:34. 4. Warder, 1867:717. 5. Downing, 1869:159. 6. Thomas, 1875 :408. Synonyms. Early June (3). Ecc Top (1, 2, 4, 5,6). Eggtop (3). Eve APPLE (3). Eve (2, 5). Round Top (2, 5). Sheepnose (2,5). Wine of some (2, 5). Fruit similar in shape to Black Gilliflower but not so large, somewhat streaked and shaded with red, pleasant flavored but not high in quality; good for dessert but not for cooking. Tree large, moderately vigorous and a regular and abundant bearer. In season from late fall to midwinter. Historical. An old variety of uncertain origin. A few trees of it are occasionally found in the oldest orchards but it is now nearly obsolete. ELGIN PIPPIN. REFERENCES. I. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:238. 2. Clayton, Ala. Sta. Bul., 47:6. 1803. 3. Thomas, 1897:634. 4. Beach and Clark) Wo yo ss7aee 248:118. i904. Synonyms. None. Fruit of good size and attractive appearance for a yellow apple. It evi- dently belongs to the Fall Pippin class but it does not closely resemble that variety and is not superior to it. Although it has much merit it does not excel other varieties of its season and is not recommended for planting in New York. The tree is a strong grower and productive. Historical. Origin Alabama (2, 3). Downing questions whether it is identical with the White Spanish Reinette but it appears to be distinct from that variety.) Warder describes another variety under the name Elgin Pippin which we have not seen. TREE. Tree vigorous, upright; branches long, moderately stout. Form very much spreading and somewhat drooping, rather dense. Twigs medium in 1 Downing, 1869:404. 2 Warder, 1867:717. AYYFIMVYLS AlYVva THE Apples OF NEw YoRK. 57 size, curved, stout; internodes long. Bark brown, tinged with olive-green, mottled with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, large, oblong, raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large, averages nearly large. Form oblate to roundish conic, distinctly ribbed, irregular; sides often unequal, sometimes elliptical, not uniform. Stem medium to very long, slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, rather broad to narrow, usually with outspreading russet rays, sometimes decidedly compressed, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium to large, closed; lobes often leafy, long, acuminate. Basin sometimes oblique, shallow to moderately deep, moderately wide to rather narrow, obtuse to rather abrupt, often prominently and irregularly ribbed. Skin thin, moderately tender, greenish yellow becoming deep yellow, some- times with a faint bronze blush in the sun. Dots scattering, russet, or sub- merged and whitish. Calyx tube rather large, moderately wide, conical or approaching funnel- form. Stamens median to basal. Core abaxile, medium to large; cells unsymmetrical, usually wide open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels irregular, often somewhat ovate, much concave, tufted. Seeds often abortive, dark, rather large, long, flat, acute to acuminate. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, moderately fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, good. Season September to December. Commercial limit, October. ENGLISH PIPPIN. REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, dm. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:50. 2. Troop, Ind. Sta. Bul.,'53:123. 1804. 3. Budd, Ja. Sta. Bul., 31:328. 1895. 4. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1896:51. 5. Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:79. 1809. 6. Budd, Ja. Sia. Bul., 41:85. 1899. 7: Beach and Clark, N. Y. Ste. Bul. 248:118. 1904. SynonyMs. ENGLISH PIPPIN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7). Englischer Pepping (1). No. 587 (1). Pepping Englischer (1). A Russian apple inferior in quality to standard varieties of its season. Not recommended for planting in New York. FRuIrt. Fruit large. Form variable, roundish oblate to oblate conic or inclined to oblong truncate, ribbed; sides sometimes unequal. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, rather wide, moderately deep, russeted and with outspreading russet. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes usually erect or connivent. Basin medium in width to rather narrow, deep, abrupt, irreg- ularly furrowed. Skin yellow or greenish, sometimes with shade of brownish-red overspread with thin white bloom. Dots minute, pale or russet. Calyx tube cone-shape or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median. Core large, somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core lines meeting. Seeds medium size, obtuse. 58 Tue Apples oF New York. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately juicy, fine-grained, sprightly sub- acid, fair to good in quality. Season late September to November. ENGLISH SWEET, Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet has been described by some leading pomologists under the name English Sweet. Ramsdell Sweet is the name accepted for this variety in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society, and it is generally known among nursery- men and fruit growers as Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet. For a description of this variety, the reader is referred to Ramsdell Sweet, page 175. FALL GREENING. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:718. 2. Downing, 1869 :167. Synonyms. None. This variety originated at Claverack, Columbia county, N. Y. (1). Accord- ing to Downing the tree is moderately vigorous and very productive. The fruit medium size, greenish-yellow, subacid, good to very good. In season from December to February. Downing also mentions another Fall Greening of similar color, sprightly subacid, in season from September to November; tree a poor grower. We have not seen either of these varieties. PAEL HARVEY: REFERENCES. I. Manning, 1838:48. 2. Downing, 1845:84. 3. Cole, 1849: 117. 4. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 15:537- 1849. fig. 5. Thomas, 1849-155. 6: Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:47. 1851. col. pl. No. 74 and) fese7ee eau 1851 :284. 8. Elliott, 1854:132. 9. Gregg, 1857:42. 10. Warder, 1867 :482. 11, Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 12. Hoskins, Amer. Gard., 15:272, ae04. 13. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. I901. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:79. Synonyms, Fart Harvey (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Ii seman Harvey (13). Fall Pippin erroneously (13). Harvey (13). Fruit large, yellow, showy, similar in general appearance to Fall Pippin but less desirable where that variety can be grown. According to Hos- kins (12) it is hardy in Northern Vermont and has there proved an excel- lent annual bearer. He considers it valuable for all Northern New England and Canada. Cole (3) observes that the fruit is “fine and fair but not first-rate, and rather apt to fall, or to rot on the tree.” Elliott (8) says that it is not productive but Hovey (4) and Cole (3) call it a vigorous grower and a good bearer. In the nursery it may be easily known from Fall Pippin by its yellow and more slender shoots (4). lgiyopan (2s 2 xl, 110)))- Fruit large. Form roundish, slightly oblate, regular or somewhat ribbed at the base; crown large, slightly oblique. Stem short, stout or rather slen- Tue Apples oF NEw York. 59 der. Cavity rather shallow to deep, wide, uneven. Calyx small to large, closed. Basin narrow to rather wide, shallow, wrinkled. Skin smooth, pale yellow to deep yellow, sometimes blushed. Dots small, gray or russet. Core large, abaxile. Seeds medium size, acute, short, plump. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, rich sub- acid, with high flavor, very good quality. Season October to December. FALL JENNETING, REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 12:474. 1846. 2. Hovey, Jb., 13:161. 1847. fig. 3. Elliott, 1854:132. 4. Downing, 1857:213. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 6. Warder, 1867:533. fig. 7. Thomas, 1875:498. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. g. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 10. Budd-Han- sen, 1903 :8o. Synonyms. Fatt GENETING (6). Fall Gennetting (3). FALL JENET- TING (8). FALL JENNETING (1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10). FALL JENNETTING (3, 9). Fruit often large but variable in size, a considerable portion of the crop being undersized or otherwise unmarketable. It is of a green or yellowish color, shows bruises quite readily, does not stand shipping very well and is not a good keeper. It is very good for culinary uses and acceptable for dessert; being of light weight, it is less desirable than some other varieties for evap- orating. The tree is an exceedingly strong grower and long-lived, eventually becoming very large, tall and spreading. It is hardy, healthy, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderately good to heavy crops biennially or nearly annu- ally. There is apt to be considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. It appears that this variety was brought into Western New York from Athens on the Hudson, about 1827 (1, 2). Elliott (3) in 1854 called it an old Connecticut variety. It has been grown more largely in portions of the Hudson valley and of Western New York than it has in other sections of the state but it has not been cultivated extensively in any locality. It is still listed by nurserymen (9) but in New York it is now seldom planted and is gradually going out of cultivation. TREE. Tree large, vigorous or very vigorous. Form spreading or somewhat roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark dark brown lightly streaked with gray scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. VoL. II —6 60 THE Apples OF NEw YORK. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large. Form roundish oblate inclined to conic, slightly ribbed at the base; sides unequal. Stem medium to short, moder- ately thick. Cavity acuminate, deep, wide, rather symmetrical, with out- spreading rays of russet. Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or somewhat open; lobes long, narrow, acute, reflexed. Basin rather small, shallow, narrow, somewhat furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale greenish-yellow with faint brownish-red or bronze blush. Dots moderately numerous, rather inconspicuous, sometimes russet but more often whitish and submerged. Prevailing effect yellow. Calyx tube rather long, narrow funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core small, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines clasping. Carpels somewhat roundish to broadly ovate. Seeds light brown, rather small, moderately narrow, plump, acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly, subacid, good. Season late September to December. PALE ORANGE; REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 2. /b., 1849:155. 3. El- liott, 1854:149. 4. Gregg, 1857:42. 5. Downing, 1857:143. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 7. Warder, 1867:718. 8. Downing, 1869:168. 9g. Jb., 1872:10 index, app. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 11. Burrill and McCluer, Jl. Sta. Bul., 45:321. 1896. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:80. fig. Synonyms. Fait ORANGE (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12). Fall Orange (3). Hogpen (8). Holden (5, 8). Holden Pippin (8). Hoypen (5). Jones’ Pippin (5, 8). Long Island (8). Long Island Graft (9). WN. Y. Bellflower (9). ORANGE (3). Orange (8). Red Cheek (8). Speckled (9). Westbrook (9). White Graft of Wis. (8). White Newell (9). When well grown Fall Orange is of good size, yellow or green- ish, with occasionally a shade of red, agreeable subacid, and very good in quality for culinary use. When it becomes fully ripe so that its acidity is subdued it is an excellent dessert apple. The tree is thrifty, hardy, long-lived and a regular biennial cropper, often yielding pretty heavy crops. It is not generally regarded as a good commercial variety because its color is yellow, the fruit is rather tender and a poor shipper, and with heavy crops there is apt to be a comparatively large percentage of fruit that is under- sized or otherwise unmarketable. It is in season from late Sep- tember to early winter; sometimes a portion of the fruit is kept. till spring. FALL ORANGE Tue Apples oF NEw YORK. 61 It resembles Autumn Swaar considerably in general appearance ; for a comparison of the two: varieties the reader is referred to the description of Autumn Swaar, pages II, 12. Historical. Fall Orange was described by Thomas in 1848 as a new or newly-introduced variety of unknown origin (1). In 1857 Downing gave its origin as Holden, Mass. (5). Since its introduction it has been sparingly disseminated in various parts of the state. Although it is still listed by some nurserymen (10) it is now seldom planted in New York. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large; fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish conic, irregular. Stem medium io rather short, slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, medium in width, regular or slightly com- pressed, often russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx+ medium to large, open or sometimes nearly closed. Basin uneven, one side projecting higher than the other, moderately deep to deep, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, furrowed. Skin pale yellow or greenish, sometimes with brownish blush. Dots numerous, large and small, russet or sometimes reddish, areolar. Calyx tube rather large, usually long, conical to funnel-form with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base; the lower part of the funnel cylinder is sometimes enlarged. Stamens median or below. Core medium to rather small, axile; cells symmetrical; core lines meeting when the tube is short, clasping when it is long. Carpels elliptical to nearly cordate. Seeds not numerous, rather dark brown, medium to below, plump, obtuse. Flesh white, moderately fine, crisp, rather tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, very good. Season late September to early winter. PALE PIPPIN: REFERENCES. I. Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817:I09. fig. 3. Cobbett, 1821 :par. 300. 4. Thacher, 1822:120. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. Kenrick, 1832:32. 8. Floy- Lindley, 1833:85. 9. Mag. Hort., 1:326, 364. 1835. 10. Downing, 1845 :84. 11. Floy-Lindley, 1846:412 app. 12. Phcenix, Horticulturist, 1:361. 1847. 13. Downing, /b., 3:345. 1849. Cole, 1849:117. fig. 15. Thomas, 1849: 155. fg. 16. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 17. Barry, 1851 :283. 18. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:44. 1851. fig., col. pl. No. 18. 19. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 20. Elliott, 1854:78. fg. 21. Gregg, 1857:42. 22. Hooper, 1857:34, 106, 110. 23. Warder, 1867:571. fig. 24. Downing,. 1869: 169. fig. 25. Todd, 1871:311. fig. 26. Fitz, 1872:143, 1490, 162. 27. Hogg, 1884:74. 28. Wickson, 1889:244. 29. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890: 290. 30. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 31. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:7. tgo0l. figs. 32. Budd-Hansen, 1903:80. fig. 33. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:119. 1904. 62 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. Synonyms. American Fall (7). AutTumMN PrppIn (4). Cathead incor- rectly (24). Cat Head (25). Cobbett’s Fall (7). Cobbett’s Fall Pippin (27). Concombre Ancien (7). De Rateau (7). D’ Espange (7). Episcopal (24, 2c). Fa. Pirrin (1, 2, 3,5, 6,7, 8,0, 10; 11, 12,13, 14,15, G,.ty le ae 2I, 22, 23, 2A, 25, 20, 27, 28, 20; 30, 31, 32, 33). Fall PippiniG)» \Golden Pippin (22, 25, erroneously 2, 24). Holland Pippin (2, 5, err. 15). Phila- delphia Pippin (20, 24, 25). Pound Pippin (24, 25). Pound Royal (25, of some 24). Prince’s large Pippin of N. Y. (2). Reinnete Blanche d’Espagne (7). Summer Pippin (2). Van Duym’s Pippin (2). Van Dyn’s Pippin (5). York Pippin (24, 25). Fruit large, and, when fully ripe, of an attractive yellow color. The flesh is tender, rich and very good in quality, being excellent for dessert but especially desirable for culinary uses. The tree is a strong grower, hardy and very long-lived, eventually becoming large or very large. Since the foliage and fruit are both quite sub- ject to the attacks of the apple-scab fungus, thorough preventive treatment for this disease is necessary in order to grow Fall Pippin successfully for commercial purposes.!| The crop does not ripen uniformly, some of the fruit being ripe, well colored and ready for immediate use in September, while at the same time a consider- able portion of the crop is still hard and green. When grown under favorable conditions and properly handled some portion of the crop may keep till midwinter or later, but even carefully selected fruit cannot be relied upon to hold in common storage till December Ist without considerable loss. In cold storage it may be held till January or February (33). Fall Pippin is generally in pretty good demand in local markets, and in portions of Eastern New York it is being used to a limited extent for the early export trade. It is one of the most desirable varieties of its season for the home orchard. HoLLtANpD PiIppIN AND FALL PIPPIN COMPARED. From the time of Coxe (2), Fall Pippin has by some been called Holland Pippin. The Holland Pippin indeed much resembles Fall Pippin, but it differs from it in being in season from mid-August 1 Directions for treating apple scab are given in the reports of this Station for 1899:399-418, and for 1903:321-386. FALL PIPPIN (Reduced Size) . i, i ' r f ; A a ¢ Y é At « ew : - i ie i ‘as : a ie ‘ fi ; aa ‘ . / 4 : Bet : ‘ . ’ fu i aes , i — : ae — ; - era ’ a ; = s ST on uy 7 7) i: Co mf ra _ 7 THE Apples oF NEw York. 63 to midautumn and in being more roundish and less flattened, and in having a short, thick stem which is not exserted. Historical. Origin unknown. Downing (10) held the opinion that Fall Pippin is an American variety and probably a seedling raised in this country from either the White Spanish Reinette or the Holland Pippin, both of which it resembles. It has been widely disseminated from the Atlantic to the Pacific in most of the important apple-growing regions of the continent and is still listed by many nurserymen (30). We are unable to determine how long this variety has been in cultivation. In some New York orchards trees of it are found which are more than one hundred years old. It is quite generally grown for home use throughout New York, and also to a limited extent for market, but it is now seldom planted. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous to very vigorous, with large, long branches which eventually become somewhat drooping. Form spreading or roundish and rather dense. Jzwigs moderately long, curved, stout and with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark reddish-brown, somewhat tinged with green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; much pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish to roundish oblate, sometimes a little inclined to conic, or sometimes slightly oblong and truncate, often obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to rather long, thick. Cavity acute or approaching acuminate, moderately deep, moder- ately narrow to rather wide, symmetrical or sometimes compressed, russeted. Calyx medium to large, open; lobes separated at the base, moderately long, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth to deep, moderately nar- row to rather wide, abrupt, wavy, slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, smooth, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow, sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, pale and submerged or russet. Calyx tube large, wide, long, conical to nearly funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, somewhat acute, plump. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, very juicy, agreeable subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good. Season late September to January. FALL WINE. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 14:114. 1848. 2. Cole, 1849:108. 3. JD., 1849:109. 4. Elliott, 1854:77. 5. Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. 6. Hooper, 64 THE Apples OF NEW YorK. 1857:36. 7. Downing, 1857:78. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1860:50, 240. 9. Warder, 1867:434. fig. 10. Downing, 1869:170. fig. 11. Fitz, 1872:153. 12. Thomas, 1875:200. 13. Barry, 1883:338. 14. Wickson, 1889:244. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:290. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :239. 17. Budd-Hansen, 1903:81. fig. SyNnonyMS. Fatt WINE (1, 3, 4, 5. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). House (10). Hower (10). Musk Spice (10). Ohio Wine (7, 10, 13). Sharpe’s Spice (7, 10). Sweet Wine (7, 10). Uncle Sam’s Best (7, 10). WINE (2). Wine of Cole (4). Fruit medium or above, bright red, attractive; in season from September to early winter. The tree is of medium size with rather drooping branches, moderately vigorous, healthy, moderately long-lived and yields good to heavy crops biennially. The fruit is apt to drop to a considerable extent before it is fully mature. It is very tender, not a good shipper and not a desirable commercial variety. It is not much valued for culinary use but it is generally esteemed wherever it is known on account of its excellent dessert qualities. It is not recommended for commercial planting in New York. Fall Wine should not be confused with Twenty Ounce which in some sec- tions of New York is known under the name of Wine apple.!_ It is also quite distinct from the true Wine which is a large, showy apple that ripens in midautumn and often keeps well through the winter.? Historical. The origin of this variety is unknown. Elliott (4) says that it was introduced into the West from the garden of Judge Jonathan Buel, Albany, N. Y., about 1832. It has been a favorite variety in many parts of the Middle West but has not been extensively cultivated in New York and is now seldom or never planted in this state. Fruit. Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate, somewhat ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to rather long. Cavity obtuse to somewhat acute, wide, shallow to moderately deep, sometimes lipped. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes long, narrow, reflexed. Basin deep, wide or medium in width, rather abrupt, furrowed. Skin clear yellow washed with red which on the exposed cheek deepens to a beautiful bright blush, indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots yellowish- brown or russet. Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, tufted. Seeds medium size, rather wide, acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, tender, juicy, aromatic, very mild subacid or almost sweet; very good for dessert but only fair for culinary use. Season September to January. pe 1 See description of Twenty Ounce, page 227 2 See description of Wine apple in Volume i ‘of this Report, page 373. THE AppLes OF NEW York. 65 FAMEUSE. REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1824:101. 2. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826: 476. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 757. 4. Kenrick, 1832:33. 5. Floy-Lindley, 1833:16. 6. Manning, 1838:55. 7. [b., Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:91. 9. Horticulturist, 1:257. 1846. 10. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:306. 1848. fig. 11. [b., 1849:147. fig. 12. Cole, 1849:118. 13. Emmons, Net. Hist. N. Y., 3:36. 1851. col. pl. No. 48. 14. Hovey, 2:7. 1851. col. pl. and fg. 1§ Mag. Hort, ¥715. 1851. fig. 16. Good- rich, Jb., 17:122. 1851. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 18. Elliott, 1854 :77 19. Gregg, 1857:42. 20. Hooper, 1857:36, 107, 110. 21. Lothrop, Mag. Hort., 82/:309s *1G00. 22. Warder, 1867:505. 23. Todd, 187125, fig. “24. Fitz, 1872:145. 25. Leroy, 1873:483. 26. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:12. 27. Jack, [b., 6:61. 1880. 28. Ib., 8:140. 1881-82. 29. Hogg, 1884:58. 30. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:249. 1888. 31. Wickson, 1889:245. 32. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 14:88, 89. 1889. 33. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890: 290. 34. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:19, 26. 1890. 35. Bailey, dn. Hort., 1892 :239. 36. [b., 1892:249. 37. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 38. Amer. Gard., 14:425. 1893. 39. Burrill and McCluer, J/l. Sta. Bul., 45 :321. 1896. 40. Can. Hort., 20:304. 1897. figs. 41. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 5:12. 1808. fgs. -42. Can. Hort., 22:226. 1809. 43. Craig, Amer, (Gard., 20:27. 1800. 44. Vt: Sta. Bul) 83:83-92. 1900. 45. Can: lslOfAie, BLAH, Uooi, 7G, \Weiredn, Wn Suen Al, Iie, WAsZO} woo, CYL Budd-Hansen, 1903:82. fig. 48. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:120. 1904. 49. Scriber, Can. Hort., 28:277. 1905. Synonyms. Chimney Apple (14, 16, 22, 25). Der NEIcE (3, 25, 29). De Neige (14,15). du Marechal (25). FAMEUSE (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, ITI, 12, 1. él, 1S, 16. 17/4, Its, 10}, 20), Bil, AA, 2a a, AO, 27, As, BO, Si, BA, 24 Ss. 37, 38 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48). Fameuse (5, 8, 25, 20, 36). La Belle Fameuse (43). La Fameuse (29). Neige (2). Neige-Framboise de Gielen (25). PomMeE bE NEIcE (5, 8). Pomme de Neige (4, 9, I0, II, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 41). Pomme de Niége (1, 7, 12). Pomme Fameuse (3). Pomme de Fameuse (14, 15). Sanguineus (8, 14, 15, 18, 23, 25). SNOWaNGsO)s 652070) (25 1OLeI2. I SOs On CO ilnuoo: NOB pea Son Ao 43, 46, 47, 48). Fameuse is one of the most desirable dessert apples of its season. It is very beautiful in appearance and the flesh is white, tender and excellent in flavor and quality for dessert. It is decidedly inferior to other varieties of its season for culinary purposes. It is well known in market, and during its season, which extends from October to the holidays, it usually sells above average market prices, particularly if well colored and free from scab or other im- perfections. The fruit is often badly injured by the apple-scab fungus, but this may readily be controlled by proper preventive treatment.! It keeps well in cold storage. Some report that if free 1N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418. 1899. IJb., 22:321-386. 1903. 66 Tue AppLes or NEw York. from scab it may be held as long as Rhode Island Greening (48). In the Champlain district and in portions of the St. Lawrence val- ley it is one of the most important varieties found in commercial orchards. Generally speaking, it grows to a higher degree of per- fection in those districts than it does in other apple-growing regions of New York. In the more southern sections of the state it appears to succeed best in the high elevations and on light well drained soil with clay subsoil. The tree is of medium size, a moderate grower, hardy, healthy, rather long-lived, and a reliable cropper yielding good to heavy crops biennially or sometimes nearly annu- ally. The fruit hangs pretty well to the tree. Fruit of marketable grades is fairly uniform in size, but there is a considerable amount of it that is too small for market. In those portions of New York south of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence valley the fruit does not usually develop its best color, and in some seasons, and particularly in unfavorable localities, it is so poorly colored as to be quite unsatisfactory. In such locations it is better for the fruit grower to plant McIntosh instead of Fameuse if he desires to grow a variety of the Fameuse group. Historical. Waugh (44) gives the following historical account of the Fameuse. ‘The history of Fameuse is obscure, probably beyond clearing up satisfactorily, but extremely interesting as far as we know or can guess at it. The turning point of speculation for years has been as to whether the variety is of American or European origin. One of the most interesting contributions to this discussion was made by Mr. Chauncey Goodrich, (16) of Burlington, Vt., in 1851. We quote the following extracts from this article: ‘It is here one of the most common as well as oldest varieties; hundreds of barrels are sold in a single season in this town alone. . . . All Ameri- can writers call it a Canadian apple; of this I think there is no proof. One hundred and twenty years since, the French planted this variety on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain, opposite Fort Frederick on Crown Point, at a place called ‘Chimney Point’— more than fifty years before any other permanent settlement. From these old trees cions have been scattered through Vermont, and called the Chimney apple. A very intelligent and highly educated French seigneur residing on an old seignory eighty miles below Quebec informed me that this was one of the first varieties of apples planted on the place; that the trees were very old and were brought from France. The early French settlers planted the same variety at Ogdensburg, Detroit, and other places on Lakes Erie and Ontario, where it is still known as the ‘Snow Apple’; also at Kaskaskia, Illinois, more than one hundred ASNAWva *, * » wid 2 . THE Apples OF NEW York. 67 and fifty years since, where the old trees are still productive, and apples from them are sent to St. Louis, &c. The same apple may be found in France, and in London of the growth of France.’ “Tt is hardly to be supposed that a seedling apple was produced in Canada at so early a day as to be distributed more than a thousand miles in every settlement made by the French, one hundred and fifty years since. “Another fact tending to suggest a European origin for Fameuse is that it is usually found in the old gardens, in company with well known European varieties of pears, apples and other fruits. “On the other hand the testimony of European pomologists is mostly against the theory of a European origin. The variety is known in the larger collec- tions of all the countries of Europe, just as Ben Davis is, and has been known there for many years. But most European authors unhesitatingly assign a Canadian origin to the variety; and the variety seems too little known, too little appreciated, and too little at home with European surroundings for us to believe it originated there. Those who call it a European apple usually assign its nativity to France; but Leroy (25) the greatest of all French, and perhaps of all European authorities, did not know the variety. He says that Le Lectier cultivated the Pomme de Neige (synonym of Fameuse) at Or- leans (France) before 1628; but Leroy did not know whether or not this was the same Pomme de Neige grown in Canada. In fact he says, ‘I have never, up to the present time, met this apple Pomme de Neige on our soil. In place of it they have always sent me Calvill de Neige, ripening from Janu- ary to March.’ Most of the so-called Snow apples of Europe, in fact, are white skinned and totally different from the Snow, or Fameuse, of America. “Tt is agreed that, whether the Fameuse came from Europe or not, it was distributed by the earliest of the French missionaries and planted by the first settlers. Quebec was founded shortly before 1600 and Montreal in 1641. The seigniory du Cote de Beaupre, said to be the oldest seignory in Quebec, was granted in 1636 and promptly colonized. Thus we have almost a hundred years of French settlement and missionary activity prior to 1700, the approxi- mate date at which, according to Mr. Goodrich, the Fameuse was brought to Vermont. This seems to allow ample time for a Canadian origin for the variety and for its wide distribution in Quebec, Ontario and the Northern states. “The early distribution of apples, either from Europe to Canada, or from place to place on this continent, was accomplished chiefly, almost exclusively, by seeds. Some of the missionaries knew the art of grafting, but there was small encouragement to practice it. From these considerations, and others which cannot be fully argued here, the writer is firmly convinced that the Fameuse originated in Canada from seed brought from France.” TREE. Tree vigorous, with long, moderately stout branches. Form upright spread- ing or roundish, rather dense. Twigs medium size, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown tinged with red, lightly coated with scarf-skin: pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round or somewhat oval, slightly raised. Buds medium size, flat, obtuse, free, pubescent. 68 Tue AppiLes oF NEw YorK. Fruit. Fruit hardly averages medium but sometimes is above medium size. Form roundish inclined to conic, sometimes a little oblate, regular, uniform, sym- metrical. Stem medium to short but sometimes long, rather slender. Cavity acute to somewhat acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather wide, often gently furrowed, sometimes partly russeted but generally smooth and red or greenish. Calyx rather small, usually closed. Basin medium in width and depth, rather small, somewhat abrupt, obscurely furrowed or wrinkled, often having mammiform protuberances. Skin thin, tender, smooth, light bright red deepening to almost purplish black in highly colored specimens with a somewhat striped appearance toward the apex. In less highly colored specimens the striped effect is more noticeable. Dots few, scattering, light. Calyx tube narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median or somewhat basal. Core medium to rather small, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels symmetrical, roundish or inclined to elliptical, somewhat emargi- nate, mucronate. Seeds dark, long, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Flesh white, sometimes streaked or stained with red, very tender, juicy, subacid becoming very mild subacid or sweetish, aromatic, very good for dessert. Season October to midwinter. STRIPED FAMEUSE. A variety has sometimes been propagated and disseminated under the name Fameuse which is recognized as Striped Fameuse. The tree is a thriftier grower in the nursery than the true Fameuse, but the fruit is less desirable, being inferior in color but similar in all other respects to Fameuse. It is mottled or thinly washed with bright red over a pale yellow background, striped and splashed with carmine. OTHER VARIETIES OF THE FAMEUSE GROUP. Waugh (44) remarks that one of the striking things about the Fameuse type is that it has the strong tendency to reproduce itself from seed. This has been taken advantage of in the last fifty years, and apples of the Fameuse type have been grown from seed by the hundred and planted in the orchard. This practice has pre- vailed largely in Quebec in neighborhoods where nurseries were scarce and grafted nursery trees expensive or unknown. He con- cludes, therefore, that the modern Fameuse apples are most cer- tainly not all from the same original seed, the conspicuous varia- tions among them being thus accounted for at least in part. He further observes that seedlings of the Fameuse often show so much ANNW4 Tue Apptes oF NEw York. 69 departure from the common characters of Fameuse as to be read- ily recognized as something different. Such seedlings are gener- ally accepted as new varieties, and in cases where they show conspicuous merit they are separately propagated by grafting, and eventually receive special names of their own. He then lists sev- eral named varieties of the Fameuse group, including Bloom, Brilliant, Canada Baldwin, Fameuse Green, Fameuse Noire, Fameuse Sucre, La Victoire, Louise, McIntosh, Hilaire and Shiawassee. The more important of these are described under their respective names in this volume. FANNY. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:173. fig. 2. Thomas, 1875:499. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:8. 4. Barry, 1883 :333. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887: 93. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 7. Rural N. Y., 55:642, 706, 707. 1806. fig. 8. Ib., 56:292. 9. Budd-Hansen, 1903:83. fig. Synonyms. None. This is an attractive bright red fruit of good dessert quality. It begins to ripen about the first of September, and continues in season till late fall. The tree is quite vigorous, comes into bearing moderately early and is a reliable annual cropper. Some regard it as desirable for commercial planting (7, 8), but it has not proved so at this Station because it is somewhat deficient in size. On account of its beauty and excellent dessert quality it is worthy of being classed among the varieties desirable for the home orchard. Historical. Originated with Dr. John K. Eshelman, Lancaster Co., Pa. (7). It has been as yet but little disseminated in New York. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, stout branches. Form flat, spreading, open. wigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brown tingled with olive-green, heavily streaked with scarf-skin; much pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, heavily pubescent. Fruit. Fruit above medium to below medium size, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish, slightly oblate varying to somewhat oblong or ovate, 70 THe Apples oF NEw York. regular or slightly ribbed. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acute to nearly obtuse, medium in width and depth, sometimes russeted. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes rather short, narrow, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, moderately wide, rather abrupt, usually fur- rowed. Skin thin, tender, smooth, clear yellow mostly overlaid with bright red indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots small, yellowish. Calyx tube rather wide, slightly funnel-form to conical with pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median to marginal. Core below medium, somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, slightly emarginate. Seeds medium to large, moderately wide, flat, plump, acute. Flesh whitish slightly tinged with yellow, moderately firm, fine, very ten- der, juicy, mild subacid, good to very good. Season September to November or later. FISHKILL, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:176. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:222. 1892. 3. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:294. 1901. SYNONYMS. FISHKILL (2, 3). FISHKILL Beauty (1). Fishkill Beauty (2). Fruit large, rather attractive in appearance, but not good enough in quality to displace standard sorts of its season either for culinary or dessert uses. Downing remarks that it is apt to decay on the tree (1), but this has not proved true in our experience with the variety. The tree comes into bearing rather early and is almost an annual bearer, yielding fair to good crops of uniformly large fruit. Should it possess superior hardiness it may be worthy of trial in those regions where this character is a prime requisite. Historical. Origin Fishkill, N. Y. TREE. Tree vigorous with long, slender, curved branches; laterals willowy, long, slender. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs short to medium, straight, moderately slender, rather geniculate; internodes medium to long. Bark brown tinged with clear reddish brown, mottled with scarf- skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels numerous, small or below medium, gen- erally elongated and narrow, usually not raised. Buds small to above me- dium, plump, obtuse to somewhat acute, usually free or nearly so. Fruit. Fruit very large to large, uniform in size and shape. Form nearly round varying to somewhat oblate or oblate conic, regular, obscurely ribbed. Stem FISHKILL THe AppLes oF NEw York. 71 medium to long, thick to slender. Cavity varying from somewhat obtuse to slightly acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather broad, usually symmetri- cal, sometimes lipped, sometimes lightly russeted. Calyx rather small, closed or slightly open. Basin shallow, usually moderately wide, obtuse, angularly furrowed and wrinkled, with some tendency to develop mammiform pro- tuberances. Skin a little rough, thick, tough, dull yellow washed with dull or brownish- red, in highly colored specimens deepening to a bright red blush, mottled, striped and splashed with deep carmine, often overspread with thin whitish bloom. Dots numerous, conspicuous, medium size, russet. Prevailing effect attractive although rather dull red. Calyx tube rather long, wide, varying from elongated conical to funnel- shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core below medium to rather large, abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to broadly obcordate, somewhat emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds light brown, below medium to rather large, narrow, rather long, plump, varying from obtuse to acuminate. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, firm, coarse, moderately crisp, moder- ately tender, juicy, mild subacid, fair to good in flavor and quality. Season November to February. FORD. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:144. 2. Warder, 1867:719. 3. Thomas, 1875 :409. Synonyms. None. The fruit of Ford is described as large, roundish, yellow; flesh solid, rather acid but of high flavor and good quality. Season October to January (1, 3). We do not know this variety and so far as we can discover it is no longer propagated. According to Downing it originated in Canaan, Columbia county, ING Me (Gaye FRANCHOT,. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :182. Synonyms. None. According to Downing this variety originated in Otsego county, N. Y. The tree is productive, the fruit medium size, yellow, shaded and splashed with red; flesh pleasant, aromatic, good. Season October to January (1). So far as we can learn it is not now being propagated. FULLERTON SWEET. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :185. Synonyms. None. A variety of unknown origin which has been fruited in Orange county (1). The fruit much resembles Autumn Bough. It is below medium, pale yellow; flesh tender, sweet, very good; season October and November. We do not know this variety and so far as we can learn it is not being propagated. 72 THe Apples OF NEw York. GARDEN ROYAL, REFERENCES. I. Manning, Mag. Hort., 13:438. 1847. 2. Hovey, Ib., 14: ‘18. 1848. fig. 3. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:212. 1848. 4. Cole, 1849:106. fig. 5. Thomas, 1849:139. fig. 6. Barry, 1851:284. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 8. Elliott, 1854:81. 9. Mag. Hort., 21:63. 1855. 10. Downing, 1857:79. II. Warder, 1867:719. 12. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 14. Rural N. Y., 60:247. 1901. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :88. fig. 16. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:44. 1903. Synonyms. None. Garden Royal is not a good variety for commercial planting be- cause the fruit is too small and its season early and short, but by many it is considered one of the very best dessert apples of late summer and early autumn. The fruit is of regular form, very handsome deep yellow striped with orange-red and dark crimson. The flesh is very tender, aromatic and with a delicate, pleasant acid flavor; season, August and September. The tree when full grown is of medium size, moderately vigorous, with roundish head. It appears to be hardy, healthy and long-lived, comes into bearing young and is a reliable biennial cropper. Historical. Origin Sudbury, Mass. (2). It is occasionally found in this state in home orchards. It is now little propagated by nurserymen and sel- dom planted. Fruit. Fruit medium or below. Form round, slightly oblate, often a little inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem short to medium, straight, rather slender. Cavity acute sometimes approaching acuminate, rather deep and broad, slightly furrowed, often faintly russeted. Calyx small to above me- dium, open or partly closed; lobes often separated at base, rather short, acute. Basin moderately shallow, rather wide, cbtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, greenish-yellow, sometimes entirely overspread with red, irregu- larly striped and splashed with carmine. Dots numerous, rather conspicuous, medium or above, often irregular, russet or yellowish. Calyx tube medium size, funnel-shape. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core small, axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Curpels small, elliptical, emarginate. Flesh tinged with yellow, fine, tender, juicy, agreeable mild subacid, aro- matic, very good. Season late August and September. THe Apples oF NEW York. 73 GARDNER SWEET PEARMAIN,. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :188. SynonyMs. None. A Long Island variety, the fruit of which, according to Downing (1), is medium in size, nearly covered with red; flesh whitish, sweet, good; season September. This variety is unknown to us; so far as we have been able to learn it is no longer propagated. GENESEE FLOWER. REFERENCE. 1. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :290. Synonyms. Demary. FLower (oF GENESEE) (1). Flower of Genesee. Hawkins Pippin. Pride of Genesee. Fruit large, remarkably uniform in size and shape, with very - few culls. In color and general appearance it resembles Pumpkin Sweet, commonly called Pound Sweet. It is not an apple of high dessert quality, but is very good for culinary uses, having a pleas- ant mild subacid flavor. It does not always sell well because the color is green and the variety is not generally well known. With some growers the tree is not a satisfactory cropper, but others find it a regular and abundant bearer, yielding good to heavy crops almost annually, and regard the variety as desirable for commercial planting. Historical. This variety appears to be known by the name Genesee Flower more than by any other, but Mr. Nelson Bogue of Batavia informs us that it is also known locally under the various names Flower of Genesee, Pride of Genesee, Hawkins Pippin, and Demary. He states that the original tree, now about sixty years old, is still standing on the old Demary farm, in the town of Alexander, Genesee county, N. Y. The cultivation of this variety appears to be confined principally to the counties of Genesee, Wyoming and Orleans, and it does not appear to be increasing. Fruit. Fruit large. Form roundish, somewhat oblate. Stem short, rather slender. Cavity broad, moderately deep, russeted. Calyx medium size, partly open. Basin shallow, irregular, often distinctly ridged. Skin light green mingled with light yellow. Dots numerous, pale, with a few that are large and russet. Flesh nearly white, mild subacid, good for culinary use but not much esteemed for dessert. Season late September to November. VoL. II—7 74 THE AppLesS OF NEW York. GIDEON, REFERENCES. 1. Gideon, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:26. 2. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886 :233. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:6. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 239. 5- Beach, N.Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:580. 1894. 6. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 4:2. 1807. figs. 7. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:30. 1897. figs. 8. Am. Gerd., 222132. 1901. figs. 9. Me. Sia. An. Rpt, 18:83. 1902 1o. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:51. 1902. fig. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :88. fig. 12. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul:, 48:42. 19003. 13. Martand) Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:44. 1903. 14. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248: I2I. 1904. Synonyms. Gipron (1, 2, 3, 4. 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, 10) Il, 12) 135) 14) nGudeon White (14). Fruit decidedly attractive in general appearance being of good size, clear waxen yellow often with a bright pinkish blush but it is deficient in quality and apt to be defective in that the flesh becomes withered and discolored about the core as soon as the fruit reaches maturity. It is not a good variety for holding in cold storage as it stands heat poorly before going into storage and when in storage goes down quickly. In ordinary storage it is inferior to Hubbardston in keeping qualities, being in season from October to De- cember or possibly later (14). The tree is of an exceptionally fine habit in the nursery, and in the orchard it is an upright vigorous grower, very hardy and healthy, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially or nearly annually. It is not recommended for planting in New York except it be as a stock upon which to topwork less hardy varieties. Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., from crab seed. The following is his statement of its parentage. “The Gideon is a seedling of the small crab; the seed came from Boston, where the tree was surrounded in the orchard by Blue Pearmain. I consider the tree < cross between those two. The tree resembles Blue Pearmain; seed was taken from ‘date (Sealy) ~ (QO), TREE. Tree medium to large, vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form at first upright but becoming spreading and open. wigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown mingled with some olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Frult. Fruit usually above medium to large, uniform in size. Form roundish conical or somewhat ovate, sometimes inclined to oblong, angular. Stem long to below medium, slender. Cavity acute or somewhat acuminate, deep, broad to medium in width, sometimes lightly russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium in length, rather narrow, acute, reflexed. Basin small to medium, sometimes oblique, shallow or very shallow, narrow to medium in width, rather obtuse, somewhat wrinkled, usually with narrow but not prominent ridges. THE Apples OF NEw YorRK. 75 Skin rather thin, glossy, clear pale waxen yellow, sometimes with beautiful pink blush on exposed cheek. Dots light, submerged, inconspicuous, except where the skin is blushed. Calyx tube short, narrow, often funnel-shape with very short, truncate cylinder. Stamens marginal to median. Core medium size, axile or abaxile; cells closed or open; core lines meet- ing the limb or clasping the cylinder. Carpels round to broadly ovate or elliptical, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather large, irregular, medium in width, rather long, not very plump, acute to acuminate, tufted, light brown. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, of rather soft loose texture, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, brisk subacid to mild subacid, fair to good. Season October. GINNIE. REFERENCES. I. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 2:35. 1883. 2. Beach and Paddock, INV Yo Sia. An. Robt; 14252, 257. 1805. 3. Beach and/Clark, No VY. Sia: Bul., 248:121. 1904. Synonyms. Aunt GINNIE (1, 2). Aunt Ginnie (3). GINNIE (3). An autumn apple of good color and good quality. Tree rather upright, moderately vigorous, moderately productive. It comes into bearing early and yields some fruit nearly every year. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. Received from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., in 1883 for testing at this Station. We do not know its origin. So far as we have learned it is practically unknown among New York fruit growers. Fruit. Fruit medium to large. Form oblate conic, broad and flattened at the base, obscurely ribbed. Stem medium, usually not exserted. Cavity large, acumi- nate, broad, deep, with conspicuous, broad, irregular, outspreading russet rays. Calyx small, nearly closed. Basin shallow to medium in depth, rather narrow to moderately wide, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin yellow nearly covered with bright red and marked with broad stripes and splashes of bright carmine. Dots minute, russet. Prevailing effect red striped. Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens basal or nearly so. Core very large, abaxile; cells pretty symmetrical, open; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate, tufted. Seeds medium in size, rather wide, obtuse to somewhat acute. Flesh whitish, rather coarse, moderately juicy, aromatic, subacid, good to very good. Season late September to early winter; commercial limit November in common storage (3). GLADSTONE. REFERENCES. 1. Hogg, 1884:150. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:224. 1892. Ba Elanseny Ss. 2) Sita. Bul 76:52) T9022! Synonyms. GLADSTONE (2, 3). Mr. GLADSTONE (1). 76 THE Apples OF NEw YORK. Fruit of good size, and when highly colored rather attractive. In general appearance it is intermediate between Oldenburg and Gravenstein, perhaps resembling Gravenstein in color more than Oldenburg. It is not equal to either of these varieties in quality. The tree come: into bearing young, is an annual cropper and pro- ductive. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. This is a comparatively recent introduction from England. It has not been extensively disseminated and so far as we can learn its cultiva- tion is not increasing in this country. TREE. Tree rather small, moderately vigorous with short, stout branches. Form spreading and inclined to droop. wigs moderately long, curved, stout, with large terminal buds; internodes medium in size. Bark brown, tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels numerous, conspicuous, medium size, round, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent. FRulit. Fruit medium to large, uniform. Form roundish oblate, slightly conic, ob- scurely ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem medium in length, moderately slender. Cavity acuminate to acute, rather wide, moderately deep to deep, sometimes with outspreading russet. Calyx below medium to rather large, closed or somewhat open. Basin rather small, shallow to medium in depth, medium in width to rather wide, a little abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, smooth, greenish-yellow or pale yellow, more or less thinly overspread with red, irregularly mottled, splashed and distinctly striped with pinkish carmine. Dots rather numerous, inconspicuous, light colored, sub- merged. Calyx tube rather short, cone-shape to funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to rather large, usually axile; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, very slightly emarginate. Seeds rather dark brown, very wide, flat, obtuse to acute. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, moderately firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, fair in quality. Season September and October. GLORIA MUNDI. REFERENCES. 1. Dom. Encyc., 1804 (cited by 4). 2. Am. Gard. Cal., 1806 :585. 3. Coxe, 1817:117. fig. 4. Thacher, 1822:131. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:129. 7. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 447. 8. Kenrick, 1832:49. 9. Floy-Lindley, 1833:86. 10. Downing, 1845:110. fig. 11. Cole, 1849:122. 12. Thomas, 1849:182. 13. Phcenix. Horticulturist, 4:470. 1850. 14. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:41. 1851. col. pl. No. 35 and fig. 15. Elliott, 1854:174. 16. Mag. Hort., 23:83. 1857. 17. ANOLSAV19 Tue AppLes oF NEw York. 77 Hooper, 1857:39. 18. Warder, 1867:719, 725. 19. Downing, 1869:19I. 20. Fitz, 1872:168. 21. Leroy, 1873:407. fig. 22. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 23. Hogg, 1884:85. 24. Wickson, 1889:245. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 26. Green, ural N. Y., 49:604. 1890. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 28. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 29. Can. Hort., 23°75. 1900: 30. Bruner, N. C. Sie. Bul., 182:20. 1903: Synonyms. American Gloria Mundi (4, 7, 21). American Mammoth (7, 10, 15, 17, 19, 21). Baltimore (10, 12, 14, 21, 23, 26, of some 19). Balt- more Pippin (15, 17, 1G). Belle Dubois (23). Belle Josephine (19, 21). Copp’s Mammoth (22). Glasenwood (10). Glasenwood Gloria Mundi (io=2072>), aGrorra MuNbr G,7,.10; 1%, 14) 16, 07. 10) 22723245, 255 270 2e. 29, 30). Gloria Mundi (5, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21, 26). Impératrice Joséphine (21). JostpHine (21). Kinderhook Pippin (14). Mammoth (21, 23). Mammortu Prprin (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 26). Mammoth Pippin (7, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 19, 21). Melon (21): Mississippi? (19). Monstreuse Pippin (21). Monstrous Pippin (23). Mountain Flora (22). N. Y. Gloria Mundi (3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 19, 21). Ox Apple (10, 12, 14, 15, 19, 23, 26). Pound (17). Vandyne Apple (9). Fruit of largest size; seldom cultivated except for exhibition; suitable only for culinary purposes. The tree is large, vigorous, spreading, hardy and long-lived. It has been commonly held to be unproductive, but a few fruit growers in Southeastern New York report that it is a good bearer and a profitable commercial variety. Season October to January. Historical. The exact place of origin of this apple seems doubtful. In 1804 Mease stated, “It originated on the farm of Mr. Crooks, near Red Hook in New York” (1). Thirteen years later Coxe credited it with a Long Island origin (3). All that can be stated with certainty is that it is an old variety known in parts of Eastern New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania in the beginning of the last century. FRuIt. Fruit very large or large, uniform. Form roundish with truncate ends, slightly conical, ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to short, moderately thick. Cavity large, acuminate, moderately deep to deep, broad, furrowed and compressed, sometimes slightly russeted. Calya medium to large, open or partly closed; lobes separated at base, short, narrow. Basin large, moderately deep to deep, rather wide, somewhat abrupt, sometimes compressed, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin greenish-yellow sometimes with faint bronze blush. Dots small to medium, often areolar with russet center, or light colored and submerged. Prevailing effect yellow or greenish. Calyx tube very large, long, wide, broadly conical extending to core or approaching cylindrical below. Stamens median. Core medium to rather large, usually decidedly abaxile; cells symmetrical, open; core lines usually clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to somewhat elliptical, slightly tufted. Seeds moderately dark brown, medium to rather small, rather narrow, short, plump, obtuse to acute, sometimes tufted. Flesh slightly tinged with greenish-yellow, coarse, moderately crisp, rather tender, juicy, rather mild subacid, fair or nearly good in quality. Season October to January. 78 THE Apples OF NEw YORK. THE GOLDEN PIPPINS. The name Golden Pippin has been applied to several distinct varieties, the most important of which are mentioned below. The Golden Pippin of England is a small, yellowish apple with shade of red, which is in season from November to March. This has already been described in Volume I, page 141. The Golden Pippin of Westchester County, also known under the name of American Golden Pippin and by various other synonyms, is described as Golding, page 82, which is the name now accepted for this variety by pomologists. In addition to the varieties described below under the name Golden Pippin there are several other sorts which have been known under this name. (1) GOLDEN PIPPIN. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:195. 2. Thomas, 1875:500. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :240...4. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:123. 1905. 5. Ib., 56:347. 1905. Synonyms. Butter Pippin (1). -GoLDEN Pippin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Large Golden Pippin (1). Mammoth (1, 2). Pound Royal (2, of some 1). York Pippin (1, 5). This variety belongs in the Fall Pippin group of apples. In Central and Western New York it is often called York Pippin. The fruit is large, coarse-grained, with a very pleasant flavor, and is suitable for either dessert or culinary uses. As compared with Fall Pippin the fruit is harder, keeps longer and stands shipping better in hot weather. In Western New York its season in ordi- nary storage extends from about September 20 to January 1. It holds its flavor and quality well for a late fall and early winter sort. It frequently brings better prices than Fall Pippin, and we are informed it is sometimes exported. The tree is more spreading than that of Fall Pippin, and is perhaps somewhat hardier. It is generally healthy, vigorous, quite long-lived, and when full grown becomes a pretty large tree. It is a reliable cropper, bearing good to heavy crops biennially or sometimes annually. There is apt to be considerable loss by premature dropping of the fruit, and unless proper preventive measures are taken the crop may be seriously injured by apple scab and codling moth, but with proper treatment THE AppLes oF NEW York. 79 these pests may be kept under good control. Golden Pippin is grown to a considerable extent in various parts of New York state and in New England. In some sections it is regarded as one of the most desirable of the fall varieties for commercial planting. Historical. The origin of this variety is unknown. It has long been in cultivation. In New York it is now found mostly in old orchards and, gen- erally speaking, its cultivation is not increasing. FRvuIT. Frwit very large or large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to roundish oblate, sometimes slightly conic, often with a broad flat base and broadly ribbed toward the apex. Stem long to medium, thick, sometimes swollen. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth, broad, usually rather symmetrical, sometimes lipped, russeted and often with heavy, outspreading russet rays. Calyx rather large, closed. Basin deep, moderately wide to wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed, sometimes irregularly compressed. Skin rather tender, green or yellowish changing to a deeper and rather attractive yellow when fully mature, sometimes with bronze blush and russet flecks. Dots small to rather large and conspicuous, greenish and submerged or with russet point. Calyx tube wide, conical. Stamens median to somewhat basal. Core rather small, somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish or approaching elliptical, sometimes obovate, heavily tufted. Seeds few, often not perfectly developed, medium size, irregular, rather dark brown, rather plump, acute. Flesh yellowish, coarse, rather tender, juicy, agreeable mild subacid, some- what aromatic, good to very good. Season late September to December or January. (II) GOLDEN PIPPIN. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:194. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. SYNONYMS. GOLDEN Pippin (1, 2). Pittstown Pippin (1). Downing states that this is an old apple grown many years ago in Adams, Mass. Tree upright and vigorous; fruit rather large, roundish oblate, some- times conic, greenish-yellow with blush; flesh yellowish, sprightly subacid, good for cooking; season September and October (1). It appears that this variety is no longer propagated in New York. GOLDEN REINETTE. REFERENCES. I. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885 :32, 35, 38. 2. Ib., 1890:25 3. [b., Ja. Sta. Bul., 19 :538. 1892. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1896 :74, 80. 5- Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 152:221. 1808. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., ES°O9ytG02) (7. Racan. U.S..B:.P. I. Bul. 50 245 /6905. Synonyms. No. 51 Vor, (1, 2). No. 10 (7). Solotoc renet (1). Zolotoi an (Fc 80 Tue AppiLes oF NEw York. In addition to the old English variety known as Golden Reinette which has been described in Volume I, page 142, there are at least two Russian apples that have been disseminated in this country under this name. One is a variety described by Munson as a promising autumn apple for Northern Maine, in season from September to December; fruit small, golden yellow washed and splashed with carmine (4, 6). What appears to be the same variety was received by this Station from Professor Budd, Ames, Ia., in 1890. It is decidedly inferior to the standard varieties of its season, which are in general cultivation throughout New York. Possibly on account of superior hardiness it may have some value in the more northern or elevated regions of the state. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather dense. wigs long, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark brown, mingled with reddish-brown, mottled with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels numerous, conspicuous, large, oblong, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, long, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. Frult. Fruit medium to below. Form oblate conic to strongly roundish conic, flattened at the base, ribbed, rather irregular; sides unequal. Stem short, thick. Cavity acuminate, medium in depth to rather deep, moderately broad, often compressed, usually not russeted. Calyx large, open or partly closed, leafy; lobes usually separated at base, long, acute to acuminate. Basin shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to narrow, usually abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin pale greenish-yellow with faint splashes and stripes of red. Calyx tube large, wide, broadly conical. Stamens basal to median. Core medium size, often abaxile; cells usually unsymmetrical, closed or open; core lines clasping or nearly meeting. Carpels broadly roundish to elliptical. Seeds medium brown, medium to below, plump, rather obtuse. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, mild subacid. Season September to December. The other Russian apple, above referred to, was disseminated some years ago by Professor Budd. In 1885 he remarked that he was sending out, under the name Golden Reinette (51 Vor.), a variety having fruit medium to large, golden in color, fine-grained, juicy, subacid, almost best in quality (1). In 1890 he stated: “This has proven a fine tree on a great variety of soils where the air had free circulation. Its northern limit is not yet known, but I have not known its wood colored at Ames when the Wealthy by its side in nursery was nearly killed. Fruit medium to large, golden yellow, fine-grained, subacid, and nearly best in quality. Season here, December to February, depending on time of picking and mode of storage” (2). In 1892 Budd further reported: “This has not proven true to name as received from the Bogdanoff estates in Russia. It is a member of the Anis family, of fine size and exceilent quality. Season late fall, and early winter north” (3). THe Apples oF NEw YorK. SI GOLDEN SWEET. REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:37. 2. Downing, 1845:84. 3. Phcenix, Horticulturist, 1:361. 1846. 4. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846:189. 5. Thomas, 1849 :136. 6. Cole, 1849:102. fig. 7. Barry, 1851:280. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:40. 1851. fig. g. Elliott, 1854:81. fig. 10. Gregg, 1857 :37. fig. 11. Hooper, 1857:41. 12. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Warder, 1867:551. fig. 14. Downing, 1869:196. fig. 15. Wickson, 1889:244. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 18. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:295. 1901. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903:90. fig. Synonyms. Early Golden Sweet (14). GOLDEN SwEET (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 0, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). GoLDEN SWEETING (7, 10). Orange Sweet (6, 9). ORANGE SWEETING (1). Orange Sweeting (2, 13, 14). Trenton Early (9). Yellow Sweeting ? (1). Fruit of good medium size, attractive clear yellow when fully mature, rich, sweet, very good in flavor and quality. Cultivated principally for home use. Of no commercial value except that it is sold in limited quantities in local markets. In season from the middle of August to the last of September. The tree is a good grower, healthy, hardy, moderately long-lived, comes into bearing rather young and yields moderate to heavy crops biennially. Historical. An old Connecticut variety (2). Its exact origin is unknown. It has been pretty generally disseminated throughout the state but is nowhere grown extensively. It is listed by nearly all nurserymen (17). TREE. Tree large, vigorous. Form roundish spreading, inclined to droop, dense. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. JLenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit below medium to nearly large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to roundish oblate or somewhat ovate, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem very long, moderately thick. Cavity acute, of medium depth, medium in width to rather narrow, symmetrical, usually partly russeted, often with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to small, closed; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin shallow to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, somewhat obtuse, smooth, symmetrical, furrowed. Skin thin, tender, smooth, waxy, yellowish-green becoming clear pale yellow when fully mature. Calyx tube medium in width, cone-shape to truncate funnel-form. Stamens median. 82 THE Apples OF NEw York. Core medium to rather small, abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels ovate. Seeds medium to rather small, rather narrow, angular, acute, medium brown. Flesh yellowish-white, firm, fine-grained, moderately tender, juicy, very sweet, aromatic, good to very good. Season mid-August to late September. GOLDEN WHITE. REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:447. 2. Brodie, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1885:72. 3. Hoskins, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1886:221. 4. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:16. 5. Can. Hort., 13:157, 332. 1890. 6. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:252. 1805. 7. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1896:50. 8. Buad-Hansen, 1903 :91. Synonyms. Beel Solotofskaja (1). GoLpEN WHITE (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). No. (978 (3, 5, 8). No. 979 (8). No. o8r (8). Fruit of medium size, greenish-yellow, streaked with bright red in the sun, subacid, fair quality; season September. The tree comes into bearing rather young, and yields full crops biennially. Evidently not desirable for planting in New York. Historical. A Russian apple received for testing at this Station from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., in 1888. TREE. Tree rather small, a slow grower with short, stout branches. Form spreading, open. wigs short, curved, stout, with large terminal buds; inter- nodes short. Bark dull brown mingled with olive-green, coated with gray scarf-skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels scattering, large, oval or elongated, raised. Buds large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, much pubescent. FRuit. Fruit medium size. Form oblate inclined to conic, flattened at the base, ribbed. Stem small to medium. Cavity small, acuminate, narrow, moderately shallow, russeted. Calyx open or partly open. Basin large, irregular, moderately deep, wrinkled. kin greenish-yellow nearly overlaid with red and striped with carmine. Dots numerous, large, light. Prevailing effect red or striped red. Calyx tube large, cone-shape to funnel-form. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate, tufted. Seeds above medium, plump, wide, obtuse. Flesh white with faint salmon tinge, fine-grained, moderately juicy, subacid, fair or sometimes good in quality. Season September and October. GOLDING. REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 479. 2. Kenrick, 1835: 64. 3. Downing, 1857:79. fig. 4. Mag. Hort., 30:162. 1864. 5. Warder, 1867 :636. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:226. 74m. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:°6. GOLDEN SWEET /y THe AppLes oF NEW York. 83 8. Barry, 1883:342. 9. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 105:108. 1894. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903:92. fig. 12. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:125. 10905. SynonyMs. American Golden (12). AMERICAN GOLDEN PIPPIN (2, 4, 5, 7, 8). American Golden Pippin (3, 6, 10, 11, 12). Golden Apple (12). GoLpEN Pippin (3, of Westchester Co., 6). Golden Pippin (5, of West- chester Co., 8 and 12). GoLpING (1, 9, 10, II, 12). Newtown Greening (3, 12). N. Y. Greening (3, 5, 6, 12). Ribbed Pippin (3, 12). Fruit medium or above, yellow, sometimes with shade of brownish-red; flesh rather coarse, aromatic, subacid and excellent in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. It is much subject to scab and a comparatively large percentage of the crop is apt to be unmarketable unless thorough treat- ment is given to prevent injury from insects and fungus diseases. The tree is rather large, vigorous, hardy, long-lived and moderately productive yield- ing moderate to heavy crops biennially. In some sections it is regarded as a pretty good commercial variety particularly in portions of Eastern New York. Historical. In 1857 Downing wrote (3) regarding this variety, that al- though it was one of the finest American fruits and an old variety, it was not generally known. It was said to have been cultivated in Westchester and adjoining counties for more than fifty years where it was considered profit- able for market and superior for family use. So far as we can learn Golding is now seldom or never planted in New York. GRANDMOTHER. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881-82:39,73. 2. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:78. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:105. fig. 4. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:443. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :72. 6. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1883:27. 7. Ib., 1885:18. 8. Schroeder, Mon- HAO JEN Ain SOG IN, WAZ, WAITH-7, Op Mon Ale (Coll IIL, stkyean, | ier Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 11. Budd, Ja. Sta. Bul.,19:542. 1892. 12. Mun- son, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:74,80. 1806. 13. Thomas, 1897:277. fig. 14. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1899:79. 15. Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., E2cc0etcoO; 10: kdansen, S. DE Sia, Bul. 76254-51902), 12, 57. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :02. Synonyms. Baboushkino (1). Babuscheno (16, 17). BABUSCHKINO (3). Babushkino (4, 7). Bogdanoff (14). Bogdanotf Steklianka (14). GRanp- MOTHER (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 0, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17). Grandmother. (3). Granp MotHER (1, 10). No. 6M (1, 2,6,9, 11). No. 6 (8). No. 469 (1, 2, 3.16, 7,11, 12, 16:.17). No..84 Vor. (9, 11). Red Kemetic (1a). Fruit of good medium size, greenish-yellow, sometimes with slight blush. It shows the marks of handling readily, is not very uniform in size nor does it excel in quality. Season late fall and early winter. The tree is a good thrifty grower, comes into bearing young, is reliably productive and is almost an annual bearer, yielding moderate to good crops. It does not appear to be valuable for planting in New York. Historical. A Russian variety which has been disseminated for trial in various sections of the country. It has been thus far but little planted in this state. 84 THE AppLes OF NEW York. TREE. Tree large, rather vigorous with long, stout branches. Form spreading, rather flat, open. Twigs medium length, curved, moderately stout; inter- nodes short. Bark dark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, roundish, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to rather large. Form ovate to roundish conic, quite flat at base, a little angular; sides unequal; fairly uniform. Stem short or very short, rather thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, narrow, moderately deep to shallow or scarcely depressed, much russeted and often with outspreading russet. Calyx large to medium, closed or somewhat open; lobes medium in length, broad, acute. Basin deep to medium in depth, medium in width to rather wide, abrupt, usually furrowed and wrinkled. Skin smooth, light greenish-yellow, sometimes with faint blush. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, light and submerged, or sometimes areolar with dark center. Calyx tube medium in length, wide, broadly conical. Stamens basal. Core medium to small or abortive, axile or abaxile; cells symmetrical, usually closed; core lines meeting Carpels variable, irregular, broadly ovate or obovate, emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds below medium to rather large, rather dark brown, plump, obtuse to acute. Flesh with slight green or yellow tinge, moderately firm, coarse, neither crisp nor tender, very juicy, subacid to briskly subacid, slightly aromatic, fair to good in flavor and quality. Season November to January. GRAVENSTEIN. REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1824:105. 2. Pom. Mag., 3:No. 98. 1830. col. pl. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 489. 4. Kenrick, 1832:34. 5. Floy- Lindley, 1833:52. 6. Manning, 1838:53. 7. Jb., Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:85. fig. 9. Horticulturist, 1:196. 1846. 10. Cole, 1849 :I10. fig. 11. Thomas, 1849:149. fig. 12. Horticulturist, 5:200. 1850. 13. Barry, 1851 :284. 14. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:32, 104. 1851. fig., col. pl. No. 28. 15. Hovey, 2:15. 1851. col. pl. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17. Elliott, 1854:83. 18. Gregg, 1857:43. fig. 19. Hooper, 1857:41,107,111. 20. De Wolf and Hovey, Mag. Hort., 23:444. 1857. 21. Warder, 1867:487. fig. 22. Fitz, 1872:143,149,152. 23. Leroy, 1873:338. fig. 24. Horticulturist, 30:32. 1875. 25. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 26. Hogg, 1884:96. 27. Wickson, 1889:243. 28. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 29. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 30. Stinson, Ark. Sta. An. Rpt., 6:55. 1803. 31. Gaucher, 1894:No. to. col. pl. 32. Saunders, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 27:51. 1805. 33. Amer. Gard., 16:381. 1895. fig. 34. Burrill and McCluer, [ll. Sta. Bul., 45:303. 1896. 35. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354. 20: Can. Hort, 22:133. 1899: 37. Van Denian. kural Ne V2) 5oe20N oon: 38. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:8. I901. figs. 39. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:295. 1901. 40. Can. Hort., 25:167. 1902. fig. 41. Budd- NISLSNSAVYD Tue Apples oF NEw York. 85 Iiansen, 1903:903. fg. 42. Bruner, N. C. Sita, Bul, 182:20. 1003. ‘43- Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:43. 1903. 44. Beach and Clark, NEVE Side (DUL me 2ASnI225 TOOL: SynonyMs. Blumen-Calvill (31). Calville de Gravenstein (31). Calville Grafensteiner (23, 31). Diel’s Sommerkonig (31). Early Congress (25). Grafen-Apfel (31). Grafensteiner (15, 23, 31). Grave Shige (23). Grave SMe (sh us, 13, Si), (Ge ipnoniGaap (Gin, Gk Ge. , G4) i ©, Wo), 15, 12s We, Ll, 38, 30, 40, 41, 43, 44). Gravenstcin (31). GRAVENSTEINER (31). Graven- steiner (23). Gravenstine (31). Ohio Nonpareil (17, 23, 31). Paradies Apfel (31). Pomme Graefenstein (31). Prinzessin-Apfel (31). Ripp Apfel (31). Sabine (31). Sabine of the Flemings (15, 23). Strohmer (31). Stromling (31). Tom Harryman (31). Gravenstein is an apple of good size, attractive appearance and excellent quality. For culinary purposes it is perhaps unexcelled by any variety of its season. It often sells at comparatively high prices. In many sections of the state the tree is regarded as not quite hardy, being somewhat subject to sunscald and canker. It comes into bearing moderately early, is quite productive and a pretty reliable cropper. The crop ripens continuously during a period of several weeks and should have two or three pickings. Beginning in the latter half of September it continues in season till early November. When properly handled a considerable portion of the fruit may remain apparently sound much later than this but the color fades and the quality and flavor deteriorate. As com- pared with other varieties of its class it stands up well in good dry cold storage (44). There is apt to be considerable loss from the dropping of the fruit before it is properly colored and there is also a rather high percentage of low grade or unmarketable fruit. In spite of these serious faults its cultivation in commer- cial orchards is gradually increasing in some sections of the state, particularly in portions of the Hudson valley where fruit growers find it a desirable apple for both domestic and foreign markets. Historical. The following excellent account of the history of this variety was given by Hovey in 1851 (15). “The origin of the Gravenstein remains in some doubt. It is said to have been originally found in the Duke of Augustinberg’s garden at Gravenstein, in Holstein, and that the original tree was growing there in the middle of the last century; another statement is, that it derived its name from being found in the garden of the castle of Grafenstein, in Sleswick; and Diel says, that it was supposed by some to VOTE wl —8 86 THe Apples OF NEW YORK. have been introduced from Italy. Be this as it may, it is a common apple throughout Germany and Sweden, and was received from thence into the English collections. It is undoubtedly of similar origin with the Red Astra- chan and Duchess of Oldenburg, possessing the peculiar habit of growth, form of foliage, and texture of the fruit, which distinguish the German apples. “At what time it was first introduced into our gardens we are not aware. But as neither Coxe or Thacher describe or name it, we suppose it was some time subsequent to the account given of it in the Transactions of the London Horticultural Society in 1822. It is at the present time considerably culti- vated, though not to the extent its merits deserve.” In 1857 Captain DeWolfe stated that the Gravenstein was imported by him from Denmark in May, 1826 (20). In a letter dated October 11, 1820, published in the New England Farmer, Judge Buel, of Albany, called at- tention to the importation of Gravenstein and other German apples, trees of which he had presented to the members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Hovey states that in view of this it appears that Gravenstein was imported to the vicinity of Albany probably prior to 1826 (20). After these early importations Gravenstein gradually found its way into cultivation in various portions of the country. For many years it has been pretty gen- erally disseminated through New York state, but in most localities it is grown to a limited extent only. TREE. Tree large, vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs medium to long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brownish- red, mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large to above medium, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate to roundish, somewhat irregular, broad at the base, slightly angular about the basin. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep to deep, rather narrow to broad, irregu- larly russeted. Calyx large, open or sometimes closed; lobes large, long, very broad, acute. Basin irregular, medium in depth to deep, medium to wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, slightly rough, greenish-yellow to orange-yellow over- laid with broken stripes of light and dark red. Dots few, small, light. Pre- vailing effect yellow striped. Calyx tube large, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median. Core medium in size, strongly abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels broadly ovate, emarginate. Seeds medium to large, medium in width, rather long, plump, acute to acuminate, medium brown. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, crisp, moderately tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, very good to best. Season late September till early November. THE AppLes OF NEW York. 87 Rep TYPES OF THE GRAVENSTEIN. Several instances are known where bud sports of the Gravenstein have originated which bear highly colored red fruit, but in other respects are quite like the typical Gravenstein. Some of these sports have neither been described nor propagated but others of them have been introduced into cultivation under distinct names. Gaucher and Leroy each describe a Red Gravenstein.! A Red Gravenstein which originated in Nova Scotia is now cultivated under the name Banks. For an account of this variety the reader is referred to Banks, page 14. GREAT MOGUL. REFERENCES. I. Regel, 1:453. 1868. 2. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885 :24, 2530837. 3. Kyou, U. S. Pom. Bul. 2:41. 1888. 4. Budd, Ja: Sta: Bul., 18:519. 1892. 5. Troop, Ind. Sta. Bul., 53:124. 1894. 6. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Amekpt. 7105) 1890. 7. Lroop, Ind. Sia Rpt, 12:80: 1899) 18. 7b: MO Sta al Anes T8998 g. Ragan. U. S.eB. Po Is Bul., 56:12. / 1905: Synonyms. GreAT Mocut (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). 54 M (3). Grosser Mogul (2,9). Vilikui Mogul (2, 9). Fruit large, greenish, blushed and striped with red, somewhat resembling Alexander in type but tending to be more oblong, less broadly striped with carmine, and on the whole less attractive in color and form. Tree a fine grower, comes into bearing rather young, is an annual bearer and productive. It is not recommended for growing in New York. Historical. An apple of Russian origin which was introduced into the United States about twenty-five years ago (1, 2, 3). TREE. Tree a good grower when young but when full grown is rather below medium size. Form open, spreading, rather drooping with rather short stout branches and drooping laterals. Twigs below medium to short, stout, irregu- larly geniculate. Bark clear brownish-red to very dark brown almost black, mottled lightly with gray scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels very con- spicuous, medium to large, oblong, generally elongated and russeted. Buds very prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, free, lightly attached to the bark, scales not well united, pubescent. FRuIt. Fruit large to very large. Form roundish ovate, sometimes varying to oblong conic or to oblate conic, slightly angular. Usually the fruit is pretty regular in form, shape and size. Stem medium to nearly long, rather thick, often clubbed or swollen. Cavity usually very acuminate, sometimes acute, moderately deep, moderately wide, sometimes with outspreading russet rays, smooth, symmetrical, often lipped. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or 1 Leroy, 1873:339. Gaucher, 1894:No. 11. 88 THe AppPLes OF NEw YORK. slightly open, lobes long, broad, acute. Basin rather small, often oblique, narrow to medium in width, shallow to moderately deep, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled, symmetrical. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale greenish-yellow more or less overspread with rather bright pinkish-red, often indistinctly striped with carmine. Dots inconspicuous, numerous, sinall, scattering, gray. Calyx tube medium, elongated, conical or somewhat funnel-form with wide limb and fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens marginal to median. Core somewhat abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, varying from wide open to nearly closed; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, elongated, slightly emarginate. Seeds numerous, compactly filling the cells, medium to iarge, variable in shape, rather short, very wide, plump, obtuse or sometimes acute, light brown. Flesh nearly white, slightly tinged with yellow, not very firm, moderately fine, not crisp, tender, juicy, subacid mingled with sweet, fair to good in quality. Season October to December. GREEN SEEK-NO-FURTHER. REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:131. fig. 2. Kenrick, 1832:53. 3. Thomas, 1849:181. fig. 4. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:38. 1851. fig. 5. Elliott, 1854:137. 6. Warder, 1867:720. 7. Downing, 1869 :202. Synonyms. Autumn Secknofurther (4). Bracy’s Seek-no-further (5). Flushing Seek-no-further (7). GREEN SEEK-No-FurTHER (3, 5, 6, 7). SEEKNOFURTHER (4). Seeknofurtier (5, 7, of Coxe 3). SEEK-NO-FURTHER (1). White Seek-no-further (7). WINTER SEEK-NO-FURTHER (2). A large vellowish-green apple with faint blush of orange-red, very good in quality; season early winter. The tree is a rather slow grower, but eventually forms a regular, compact head and is quite productive. Desirable for the home orchard (1, 7.) Historical. The earliest description of this variety which we find is that given by Coxe (1) who remarks that it is a native of one of the eastern states. Downing states that it originated in the garden of William Prince, Flushing, N. Y. (7). It is now seldom found in cultivation in New York. Fruit. Fruit large. Form roundish conic or a little inclined to oblate conic, ribbed. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity large, acute to somewhat acuminate, deep, broad, more or less marked with faint greenish-russet. Calyx moderately large, closed or slightly open. Basin deep, rather wide, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin moderately thick, tough, greenish-yellow or yellow with faint orange- red blush. Dots variable, large and small, often irregular, areolar with russet center or whitish and submerged. THE Apples OF NEW YORK. 89 Calyx tube large, moderately long, wide, conical. Stamens median. Core small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, tufted. Seeds rather numerous, above medium, narrow, long, acute to acuminate, tufted. Flesh yellowish-white, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, sprightly, rich subacid, very good. Season October to January. GROSH. REFERENCES. 1. Western Horticultural Review, 1853 (cited by 4). 2. Gard. Monthly, 1861:124 (cited by 3). 3. Kenrick, Mag. Hort., 29:73. 1863. fig. 4. Warder, 1867 :464, 735. fig. 5. Warder, 1867:720. 6. Downing, 1869 :205. 7. 10s, 1860):80: 8. Jb. 1872 :37 app. 9: Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 187716. xo. Barry, 1883:356. 11. Thomas, 1885:528. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :252. 13. Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:345. 1806. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 15. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:200. 1897. 16. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 58:722. 1899. ie, 7 IReveein, (OG S. 1B, JR. IG IB, ASR, UOOR: SyNnonyMs. BEAUTY OF THE WEST (7, 13). Beauty of the West (17). Big Rambo (4, 8, 16, 17). Cummings Rambo (17). English Rambo (16). French Rambo of some (17). GrosH (5, 6, 14, I5, 16, 17). Grosh (9). Grosh’s Mammoth (17). Large Rambo (17). Large Summer Rambo (17). Lothringer Rambour (17). Mammoth Rambo (17). Monstrous Rambo (17). Musgrove (16). Musgrove’s Cooper (4, 7, 8, 17). Naylor Rambo Gz). ©Onro Beauty @). Ohto Beauty. (4; 7, 8, 16, 17): Pickaway Rambo (17). Rambour Lorraine (17). Summer Rambo (9, 17). weet Rambo incorrectly (17). WESTERN BEAuTY (3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 12). Western Beauty (7, 13, 16, 17, ? 14). Fruit large, uniform and when well colored rather attractive, being mottled and striped with red. The flesh is tender, sprightly, pleasant subacid, in season from September till early winter. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing early and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderate to good crops almost annually. There is apt to be considerable loss from premature dropping of the fruit. So far as we can learn this variety has been as yet but little grown in New York. It appears to be worthy of further testing. Summer Rambo much resembles this variety in general appear- ance but ripens about a month earlier. Historical. Origin unknown. It was first brought to notice in Ohio, where it has been much grown under the name of Western Beauty. TREE. Tree vigorous with very long, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long to below medium, somewhat go THE APPLES OF NEW York. curved, moderately stout; internodes medium or below. Bark clear reddish- brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels clear brownish, conspicuous, quite numerous, medium or above, roundish, raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large or very large, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate to somewhat conical, regular or sometimes elliptical. Stem short to above medium, moderately thick. Cavity acuminate to acute, deep, wide, often somewhat compressed, smooth and green or sometimes russeted, sym- metrical or gently furrowed, sometimes lipped. Calyx above medium to very large, usually somewhat open disclosing the yellow calyx tube; lobes sepa- rated at the base, rather long, often leafy, acute to acuminate. Basin often oblique, large, medium in depth and width to deep and rather wide, abrupt, usually somewhat furrowed. Skin thick, tough, waxy, greenish-yellow becoming clear bright yellow when fully mature, washed and mottled with bright red and striped and splashed with carmine, except in highly-colored specimens the yellow predominates. Dots numerous, small to rather large, pale gray or russet, often areolar or whitish and submerged. Calyx tube rather large, wide at the top, conical or approaching funnel- form. Stamens nearly basal to above median. Core small to medium, axile or somewhat abaxile with hollow cylinder in the axis; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to ovate, emarginate, often tufted. Seeds mod- erately numerous, moderately dark brown, often abortive, medium size, mod- erately wide, obtuse to acute. Flesh whitish, slightly tinged with yellow, rather firm, medium to rather coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, a little aromatic, good or some- times very good. Season September to January. GRUNDY. REFERENCES. I. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:56. 1902. 2. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :95. 3. Jewell Nursery Co. Cat., 1903:7. 4. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56 :133. 1905. Synonyms. Grunpy (1, 2, 3, 4). Thompson Seedling No. 38 (1, 2, 3, 4). Fruit large, regular, subacid, yellow marbled with red. Season September and October. Tree vigorous, spreading, productive. Originated from seed taken from New York to Grundy county, Iowa, by Mrs. J. S. B. Thompson in 1861. It has received favorable notice as a hardy variety in that region, but has not been sufficiently tested in this state to determine its value here (2). HAAS S= > £ oe — ay ay > @ v a hey « = ¢ ‘> Tue Apples OF NEW York. gI HAAS. REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 25:55. 1870. 2. Downing, 1872:10 app. fig. 3. Barry, 1883:345. 4. Thomas, 1885:512. 5. Can. Hort., 11:69, 73. 1888. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 7. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 8. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Bul., 43:103. 1896. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:70. 10. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1901. 11. Munson, Me. Sta. Bul., 82:95. 1902. 12. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:53. 1902. 13. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:56. 1902. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :96. fig. 15. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:44. 1903. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248 :123. 1904. Synonyms. Fatt Queen (2, 3, 7). Fall Queen (4, 5, 14, 16). Gros Pomier (2,14). Gros Pommier (2). Haas (5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16). Haas (37). Hass (8). Horse, of some (@)> Moss; (1). Wess s(@). Fruit of good medium size and very attractive bright red color but only fair in quality. With some growers it has proved profit- able because the tree comes into bearing young and is very thrifty, hardy and productive, but on account of the inferior quality of its fruit doubtless it will be eventually wholly supplanted by better kinds. Historical. Originated on the grounds of Gabriel Cerré, St. Louis, Mo. (2). It has been widely disseminated throughout the Middle West and Southwest where it is recognized as one of the hardiest of American apples. In New York it has been planted to a limited extent only and its cultivation is not increasing. TREE. Tree large, very vigorous with long, slender branches. Form at first com- paratively tall and upright but becoming spreading or roundish. Twigs long, curved, slender with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to above. Form oblate a little inclined to conic, somewhat ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem medium to short, thick, often partly red. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, broad, usually symmetrical, more or less covered with thin greenish-russet. Calyx small to medium, closed or nearly so; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately narrow, rather deep, abrupt. smooth or slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, yellow, mottled, washed and nearly covered with deep bright red or brownish-red, striped and splashed with deep carmine. Dots small to rather large, inconspicuous, numerous, pale or russet. Prevail- ing effect red striped with carmine. Q2 THE Apples oF NEw York. Calyx tube very variable, rather long and wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core below medium to above, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or sometimes closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish to elliptical. Seeds dark brown, medium to large, of medium width, plump, acute. Flesh white, often stained with red, firm, moderately fine, a little tough, moderately juicy to juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, a little astringent, poor to fair or sometimes nearly good. Season October to early winter. In common storage the ordinary com- mercial limit is November (16). HAGLOE. REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:107. fig. 2. Thacher, 1822:126. 3. Fessen- den, 1828:131. 4. Downing, Horticulturist, 3:249. 1848. 5. Thomas, 1849: 141. 6. Downing, 1854:146. 7. Elliott, 1854:137. 8. Hooper, 1857:42. 9g. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 11. Warder, 1867:596. 12. Barry, 1883:334. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :96. Synonyms. HactoeE (7, 8, II, 12, 13, 14, 15). HacLore Crap (1, 2, 3), but incorrectly. SUMMER HaGLoE (4, 5, 6, 9, 10). Summer Hagloe (7). In 1817 Coxe gave the following description of this variety (1). “ The fruit, when fully ripe, has a yellow ground streaked with bright red — the size about middling, the form round, flat at the ends; the stalk large — the flesh remarkably soft and woolly, but not dry —the taste acid, but highly flavoured. * * * It ripens in August and September; keeps a long time without rotting —it bears abundantly and early: the growth of the tree is very uncommon; thick strong shoots; buds, particularly at the extremity of the branches, very large; the colour of the wood dark —the size of the tree small: the Hagloe is an uncommonly fine cooking apple; and from its great beauty and large size, added to its abundant bearing, is a valuable market fruit.” The tree is not a very good grower but comes into bearing rather young and yields moderate to good crops annually or nearly annually. The quality of the fruit is such that it is valued chiefly for culinary use and market. It is of good size and pretty uniform but the color is predominantly pale yellow rather faintly striped with red. It is not sufficiently attractive for a good market sort. Historical. It is now held that Hagloe originated in America (14, 15). Coxe and some later writers confused this variety with the English cider fruit known as Hagloe Crab but eventually this error was discovered (4) and the name Summer Hagloe came to be commonly accepted among pomol- ogists for this variety, under which name it was listed by the American Pomological Society in 1862 (10). In 1899 the name was changed to Hag- loe (14) in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society. This variety is but little known in New York. TREE. Tree rather small, a slow grower with moderately long, crooked branches. Form flat, spreading, rather dense. wigs short, straight, stout with large THe Apples OF NEw York. 93 terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown with some olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, large to medium, oblong, raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, frée, pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform. Form roundish truncate to roundish conic, ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather thick. Cavity acute, medium in width and depth, symmetrical, russeted and with rather irregular, outspreading russet. Calyx below medium to above, closed or open; lobes often separated at the base, narrow, acuminate. Basin moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, nearly smooth. Skin rather tender, smooth, somewhat glossy, pale greenish-yellow washed and mottled with pinkish-red marked with splashes and narrow stripes of bright carmine. Dots light, inconspicuous. Prevailing effect yellow, faintly striped. Calyx tube moderately long, wide, conical. Stamens basal. Core usually small, axile to abaxile; cells usually open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds rather light brown, small to medium, roundish, very plump, obtuse. Flesh white, moderately fine, tender, rather juicy, sprightly subacid, good for culinary purposes. Season late August and September. HARVEST REDSTREAK, REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:214. 2. Warder, 1867:436. 3. Downing, T80g:210, 4. Thomas, 1875:Sol. 5. Ragan, U. S. B. P: I. Bul., 56138. 1905. Synonyms. Early Red Pippin (5). Early Redstreak (2). Early Red Streak (3). Harvest REDSTREAK (2, 5). Harvest RED STREAK (I, 3, 4). Striped Harvest (3, 5). Fruit of medium size, smooth, greenish-yellow or whitish striped and splashed with red. Flesh whitish, coarse, subacid, good for culinary use; season August and September. It is not sufficiently attractive in color for a good market variety. The tree is medium to large, with round head, mod- erately vigorous to very vigorous and yields good to heavy crops biennially. Historical. This is an old variety of unknown origin. It is rarely found in New York and is now seldom or never planted. HASKELL, REFERENCES. I. Manning, Mag. Hort., 6:172. 1840. 2. Ib., 7:45. 1841. 3. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 4. Cole, 1849:108. fig. 5. Cultivator, 6:342. 1849. 6. Barry, 1851:284. 7. Elliott, 1854:137. 8. Gregg, 1857:43. 9. Downing, 1857:82. 10. Warder, 1867:385. 11. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 13. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53: 278. 1894. 14. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:44. 1903. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:124. 1904. 94 THE Apples OF NEw York. SYNONYMS. HASKELL (14, 15). HASKELL SWEET (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, I0, II, 12, 13). Haskell Sweet (4, 14, 15). SASSAFRAS SWEET (4). Sassafras Sweet (6, 7, 8, 9). Fruit large, of good appearance for a greenish-yellow apple, sweet, excellent for culinary use, in season from September to late fall or early winter. The crop does not ripen uniformly. The earliest ripening fruit becomes fully mature in September while at the same time others are green and hard. In ordinary storage the commercial limit appears to be early November and in cold storage the middle of January (15). The tree is a thrifty grower, comes into bearing moderately young and yields full crops bien- nially. Desirable for the home orchard. Historical. Origin, Ipswich, Mass. (2, 5). It is not commonly known in New York. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (12) but is now seldom planted. TREE. Tree large, vigorous; branches long, moderately stout with numerous small spurs. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. Bark brown, heavily mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, round, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit large or above medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish or oblate, regular. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavity acute to acumi- nate, deep or moderately deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, somewhat furrowed, russeted and with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx large, closed. Basin wide, moderately deep, rather abrupt, smooth or somewhat wrinkled. Skin greenish-yellow, more or less dotted and flecked with russet, occa- sionally with a bronze blush. Dots numerous, large, dark. Calyx tube large, cone-shape to funnel-form. Stamens median. Core rather small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broad at the middle narrowing toward base and apex, emarginate. Seeds medium size, short, plump, obtuse. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, moderately crisp, tender, very sweet, aro- matic, very good in flavor and quality. Season September to late fall or early winter. HAWLEY. REFERENCES. I. Hovey, Mag. Horl., 13:112,535. 1847. fig. 2. Culti- vator, 4:114. 1847. fig. 3. Leavenworth, Horticulturist, 2:27. 1847. fig. 4. Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 5. Cole, 1849:112. fig. 6. Thomas, 1849:156. HAWLEY Tue AppLes oF NEw York. 95 if Ge Jerre, Ia, lahici, IN, 3%, eyeakes. itsliie eal fil INOS 24, ies Ch Hovey, 2:39. 1851. col. pl. and fig. g. Barry, 1851:284. 10. Horticulturist, 7:484. 1852. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 12. Mag. Hort., 19:68. 1853. 13. Elliott, 1854:137. 14. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 15. Downing, 1857 :82. 16. Gregg, 1857:44. fig. 17. Hooper, 1857:43. 18. Horticulturist, 13:481. 1858. 19. Warder, 1867:410. fig. 20. Leroy, 1873:375. fig. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 22. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. Igot. Synonyms. Douse (3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 20). Dows (1, 3, 8, 13, 20). Dowse (A, Ay ©, G, UO, WG, 2oy A2))o ISLA? (i, A Sh Zl, Be O, G5 S, ©; 2), Wit, 1, 41S, THA. LSuLOM LAE LOn LON 20222) hole (20): Hawley is a very large apple of the Fall Pippin type in color, size and form. When the color is fully developed it is a handsome yellow. Season September and October. It is of delicious dessert quality and desirable for the home orchard but not well adapted for market because the tree is not very productive and the fruit often is scabby and sometimes it water-cores and rots at the core. The tree is a moderate grower in the nursery but in the orchard it is rather vigorous, medium in size to large, hardy and rather long- lived. It does not come into bearing very young. When mature it bears quite regularly but is usually a light or moderate cropper. Historical. Originated on the farm of Mr. Mathew Hawley, New Canaan, N. Y., about 1750, from seeds which Mr. Hawley obtained from Milford, Conn. (1, 3). The original tree lived nearly a century. The variety gradually became disseminated throughout New York state. It has long been known in cultivation in different parts of the state, particularly in Columbia, Onondaga, Cayuga, Tompkins, Seneca and Monroe counties. It is now rarely listed by nurserymen and is seldom planted. FRuvit. Fruit large or very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form nearly globular to somewhat oblate or slightly conic, sometimes inclined to elliptical, more or less distinctly ribbed. Stem medium in length, rather slender. Cavity acute to nearly obtuse, deep, wide and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx below medium to rather large, partly closed; lobes often separated at base, reflexed, wide, acute. Basin moderately deep to deep, medium to wide, very abrupt, often decidedly furrowed. Skin fair, smooth, waxy, rather thin, pale green deepening to yellow as it matures, sometimes showing a faint brownish blush, with scattering russet dots and flecks especially toward the cavity. Calyx tube large, wide, cone-shape, yellow or brownish. Core below medium to above; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels rather flat, tufted, roundish, emarginate. Seeds few, obtuse. When well developed they are medium in size, but often some are abortive. 96 THE AppLes OF NEw YorK. Flesh tinged with yellow, soft, very tender, rather fine-grained, juicy, rich, mild subacid, very good especially for dessert. Season September to November or later. HAW THORNDEN. REFERENCES. I. Hooker, Pom. Lond., 1813:T. 44 (cited by 2). 2. Forsyth, 1824:106. 3. Pom. Mag., 1828:No. 34. col. pl. 4. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 530. 5. Mag. Hort., 1:326. 1835. 6. Manning, 1838:48. 7. JD., Mag. Hort., 7:45. 1841. 8. Downing, 1845:86. 9. Cole, 1849:113. 10. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 17:18. 1851. fig. 11. Barry, 1851:284. 12. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:40. 1851. 13. Mag. Hort., 19:174. 1853.) fas noee 1854:171. 15. Gregg, 1857:43. 16. Hooper, 1857:43. 17. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 18. Warder, 1867:410. fig. 19. Leroy, 1873:376. fig. 20. Thomas, 1875:501. 21. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1:10. 1876. 22. Ib., 5:24. 1870. 23. Hogg, 1884:105." 24. Rural N.. Y., 457233. 1eoosmes 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 26. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :241. 27. Gaucher, 1894:No. 13. col. pl. 28. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. fig. 29. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354. Synonyms. Hawley (27) but erroneously. HAwTHORNDEAN (2, 6, 7). Hawthorndean (23). HAwTHOoRNDEN (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29). Lincolnshire Pippin (27). Lord Kingston (27). Maiden’s Blush erroneously (10). Old Hawthorn- dean (23, 27). Pomme de Hawthornden (27). Red Hawthornden (10). Shoreditch White (27). Weisser Hawthornden (27). Wheeler's Kernel (27). White Apple (27). White Hawthorndean (23, 27). White Haw- thornden (3, 4, 8, I0, 12, 14). A Scotch variety which has done fairly well in various parts of this country from New England to California. Warder (18) says of it: “ This famous Scotch fruit appears to do very well in this country, but it must yield the palm to its American cousin and representative, the Maiden’s Blush, which possesses all its good qualities as a market and kitchen fruit, with attractive appearance.” The tree is said to be a vigorous grower and a biennial cropper, and the fruit is above medium to large, regular, fair, white sometimes nearly over- spread with faint blush that deepens to bright red in the sun. Flesh mild subacid, not of high flavor, pleasant, good. Season September and October. We are not acquainted with this variety. It appears to be but little known among New York fruit growers. It is still occasionally listed by nursery- men (26). HIBERNAL, REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:525. 2. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:156. 3. Tuttle, 7b., 8:136. 1881-82. 4. Jb) n883\-0e: 5. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:440. 6. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:15. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. 8. Schroeder, /b., 1886-87 :71. 9. Craig, [b., 1886-87:103. 10. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1890:20. 11. Can. Hort., 13:216. 1800. 12: Budd, Je. Sta, Bul. 19):537. 1802. 13. latlem An. Hort., 1892:241. 14. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57, 58. 15. THE Apples OF NEW YorK. 97 Freeborn, Nat. Nurseryman, 1894:132. 16. Can. Hort., 17:7. 1804. 17. Gard. and For., 8:340. 1895. 18. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:74. 19. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:30. 1897. 20. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:13. 21. Troop, Jnd. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:80. 1899. 22. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:296. 1001. 23. Macon, Can, Depr Agr. Bul. 37:30, to0L. 24. Elansen, S. 2) Sta, Bulls 76:57. 1902. fig. 25. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 1902:83, 87. 26. Budd- Hansen, 1903:08. fig. : SwayOnvaws, lslasorawae, (at, A, Sh Zh By (oh Fe Oy UO), iy, 1, 105), Te, TS ao), 1A, aust. TOW 202 22 230 2A 2be 20)5 Hiabernal (8) Mos 676) (in 25 Aen OM TON 12 seIibs 18, 25, 26). Orsimui (4, 5, 6). Ostmoe (8). Romna (23). A Russian variety which is proving valuable in portions of the Upper Mis- sissippi valley and the Northwest because of its ability to withstand the rigor- ous climatic conditions of those regions. Hansen says of it: “This variety represents what is probably the hardiest type of the Russian race of apples; there are several sorts closely resembling, or identical with, Hibernal. Tree vigor- ous, very spreading, productive. The strong spreading growth makes it especially desirable as a stock for top-grafting, probably the best we have at the present time. Fruit large, irregular, oblate to roundish oblate coni- cal; skin thick; surface greenish-yellow, with a dull bronze mixed red on sunny side, with a few dull crimson splashes; dots white, minute, obscure, often some large russet dots; cavity regular, medium deep, with a large patch of russet radiating out irregularly over nearly the entire base, this is a marked characteristic; stem medium, often short; basin narrow, rather shallow, wrinkled; calyx half open or open. Core closed, meeting; tube funnel-shaped; stamens median; seeds few; flesh acid, with some astrin- gency, juicy, good for cooking. Early winter” (24, 26). Macoun reports “Flesh yellowish, crisp, tender, juicy, acid; core small; quality above medium; season September to November. Tree very hardy, a strong, spreading grower, and very productive. Although not a good dessert fruit this is a fine cooking apple and on account of its great hardiness and productiveness is one of the best of the Russian apples” (23). HICKS. REFERENCES. 1. Hicks, Horticulturist, 21:333. 1866. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:215. 3. Burrill and McCluer, J/l. Sta. Bul., 45:308, 316, 324. 1806. 4. Thomas, 1897 :639. Synonyms. Buckram (2, 3). Hicxs (1, 2, 3, 4). A sweet apple of medium size, yellowish striped and splashed with crim- son; season middle of August. It is but little known except in certain locali- ties on Long Island. Not recommended for general planting in this state. Historical. Hicks originated as a chance seedling and was brought to notice by Isaac Hicks, North Hempstead, L. I. (1, 2). HIGHTOP SWEET. REFERENCES. 1. Thacher, 1822:128. 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:390. 1848. 3. Cole, 1849:97. 4. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 5. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:16. 1851. fig. 6. Elliott, 1854:139. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. VoL. II—g 98 THE APPLES CF NEW YORK. Cat., 1856. 8. Mag. Hort, 22:181: 1856. 9. Downing, 1857-151.) 920. Gregg) 1857-40: 11. Warder, 18672553. 12) Ts Hore SoG icpieteoonse: 13. Fitz, 1872:145. 14. Thomas, 1875:189. 15. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 16. Barry, 1883 :333. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 18. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 19. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:132. 20. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 1894:248. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:99. fig. Synonyms. Early Sweet (15). Hicu Top Sweet (19). High Top Sweet (13). HicHtor Sweet (21). HicH Tor SweertINe (1, 5, 6, 8, 12, 15). High Top Sweeting? (2, 3). SUMMER SwEET (3). Summer Sweet (5, 6, 9, 14). SUMMER SWEETING (2). SWEET JUNE (4, I0, 13, 18). Sweet June (6, 9, 11, Wily Ti), 10), Alo), Zir))s Fruit of medium size; flesh yellowish, very sweet, rich and of very good quality; season July and August. Tree upright, vigorous, very productive. Historical. In 1822 Thacher (1) remarked: “ This tree, it is believed, is peculiar to the old Plymouth colony. The first settlers, either from choice, or for want of other varieties, cultivated it more generally than any other apple. It is now much on the decline. The fruit is under the middle size; of a yellowish colour, pleasant taste; but chiefly used for baking, and for drying. It is ripe in August, and is not long preserved. The tree is remark- able for its long upright stem.” It appears that this variety was introduced into Ohio from Connecticut and Massachusetts and afterward disseminated westward under the name of Sweet June. In 1892 Bailey (18) found that although various nurserymen were offering Sweet June for sale none of them mentioned Hightop Sweet. Some have held that the Sweet June of the West is not identical with the Hightop Sweet of Massachusetts (12). We have not had the opportunity of determining whether this is true, but if they are identical it appears strange that the name Hightop Sweet should be entirely dropped by those who are propagating it in the West. This variety is but little known in New York. HILAIRE. REFERENCES. 1. Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:453. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:95. 3. Bailey, Mich. Sta. Bul., 31:54. 1887. 4. Downing, 1881 :102 app. fig. 5. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 83:87. 1900. Synonyms. Cabane du Chien (3, 5,6). Fameuse Baldwin, of some (5). Si leh (Ge, 2, eh, Op An apple which resembles Fameuse in the color of its skin and in the color and texture of its flesh, but the flesh has more of a sprightly acid flavor and the fruit keeps better than that of Fameuse. Waugh reports (5) that it is not now grown in the vicinity of its origin. Professor U. P. Hed- rick of the Michigan Agricultural College, who supplied the fruit for the following description, states that as grown in Michigan the variety is hardy, productive and gives promise of being a valuable acquisition. Historical. This is said to have originated in the orchard of Alexis Dery, Quebec (4). Probably a seedling of Fameuse (2). So far as we know it is not grown in New York. THE APPLES OF NEW York. 99 TREE. Tree large, vigorous; a heavy alternate bearer (2). Twigs short, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark dark brown, with light coat of streaked scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenttcels scattering, small, oblong, raised. Buds small, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRvIt. Fruit medium to above, uniform in size. Form oblate to roundish-oblate, rather irregular. Stem medium, moderately slender. Cavity acuminate or acute, moderately deep and broad, not russeted, symmetrical. Calyx medium, usually closed; lobes broad, obtuse. Basin medium in depth to shallow, mod- erately wide to rather narrow, rather abrupt, slightly wrinkled, symmetrical. Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow or whitish almost completely over- spread with attractive red of the Fameuse hue becoming as highly colored as the Fameuse or McIntosh and covered with faint bloom; stripes obscure if any. Dots very numerous, small, red, sometimes gray or russet. Prevailing effect brilliant deep pinkish-red deepening to purplish-red. Calyx tube long, rather narrow, funnel-shape. Stamens median to basal. Core nearly axile, small to medium; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels round, slightly emarginate. Seeds dark, numerous, medium to large, wide, obtuse to acute. Flesh whitish sometimes tinged with red, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, good to very good. Season November to January. A better keeper than Fameuse. HILTON. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:151. 2. Warder, 1867:721. 3. Thomas, 1875 :502. Synonyms. None. This variety originated in Columbia county, N. Y. According to Down- ing (1) the tree is vigorous and productive: the fruit large, yellowish-green, subacid, excellent for culinary purposes. Season September and October. So far as we can discover this variety is not now known in cultivation. HOADLEY. REFERENCES. 1. Goff, WVis. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:347. 1894. 2 Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1899 :236. Synonyms. None. A variety of the Oldenburg type which much resembles Olden- burg except that its season is about a month later. It is decidedly attractive in general appearance and of good quality for culinary purposes. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bearing early and so far as tested here is very productive. It appears to be worthy of testing where an apple of this type is desired. 100 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. Historical. Received from the Wisconsin Experiment Station in 1896 for testing at this Station. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading when young. Twigs short, straight, stout; internodes medium. Bark brown and reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large, sometimes very large. Form roundish oblate inclined to conic, a little angular; sides unequal. Stem short, thick to slen- der. Cavity acute to obtuse, deep, broad, pretty symmetrical, thinly and irregularly russeted. Calyx rather large, closed or partly open; lobes long, broad, acute to obtuse. Basin deep to medium in depth, rather narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed. Skin moderately thick, tough, attractive yellow or greenish-yellow iargely overspread with rather light bright red, mottled and irregularly striped and splashed with carmine. Dots inconspicuous, small, submerged, pale. Calyx tube variable, short, rather wide, funnel-shape, sometimes broadly conical with core lines meeting. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core medium size, abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasp- ing. Carpels broadly cordate or elliptical, slightly tufted. Seeds medium or below, wide, moderately long, usually plump, rather obtuse, dark colored. Flesh tinged with yellow, pretty firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good. Season late September to November. HOG ISLAND SWEET. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:152. 2. Warder, 1867:721. 3. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 4. Thomas, 1875:502. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :2092. Synonyms. Hoc Istanp Sweet (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). Sweet Pippin (1). Van Kleek’s Sweet (3). A beautiful and excellent sweet apple in season from September to early winter. It is an old variety which had its origin on Hog Island, near Long Island, N. Y. (1). It is but little known. The tree is vigorous and pro- ductive. FRvuit. Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform. Form roundish conical to oblate, broad at the base, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem short to medium, mod- erately thick. Cavity acute, deep, rather broad, heavily russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open; lobes short, broad, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt, broadly furrowed. Skin thick, rather tough, somewhat roughened with flecks and patches of russet, pale yellow or greenish washed and mottled with red overlaid with HOADLEY THE APPLES OF NEW YoRK. IOI broad and narrow stripes and splashes of carmine. Dots numerous, small, russet. Prevailing effect bright striped red over a yellow background. Calyx tube long, wide, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens basal to median. Core small to medium, abaxile to nearly axile; cells somewhat unsym- metrical, open; core lines slightly clasping the funnel cylinder or meeting. Carpels roundish obovate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium or below, sometimes tufted, rather wide, rather short, plump, acute to somewhat obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, very sweet, somewhat aromatic, good to very good. Season September to early winter. HOLLAND PIPPIN, REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:109. fig. 2. Downing, 1845:86. 3. Jb., Hor- ticulturist, 3:345. 1848. 4. Thomas, 1849:156. fig. 5. Cole, 1849:1I0. 6. Downing, Chas., Horticulturist, 8:196. 1853. 7. Elliott, 1854:138. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 22:555. 1856. fig. 9. Hooper, 1857:45. 10. Gregg, 1857 :37. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:506. 13. Wick- son, 1889:244. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:124. 1904. SyNnonyMS. Fatt Pippin (1). French Pippin (7). Hotianp Pippin (1, 2A, 5510375 O).9; LO; lly 12; 13, 14, 15, 16). Pre Apples 72 8). oleemette @Hollande (2). Reinette dHolland (7). Summer Pippin (2, 7, 8). There are two varieties in cultivation in New York under the name Holland Pippin. One is a winter apple in season from late autumn to April or May which has already been described under the name Holland Winter, Vol. I., page 159. The other begins to ripen earlier than Fall Pippin and is in season during September and October. This variety was formerly confused by some with the Fall Pippin. The following comparison of the two varieties was given by Downing in 1848 (3). “The Holland Pippin, though considerably resembling this apple in the growth of the tree, and size and shape of the fruit, is a totally distinct apple from the Fall Pippin. In fact, while the Fall Pippin is one of the best autumn table apples (at least in this dis- trict), the Holland Pippin is of very inferior quality for dessert, and is, in fact, only a cooking apple. As a kitchen fruit, however, it is one of the most valuable summer fruits we know — for it bears regularly and well, comes into use at the beginning of August, and continues fit for pies, tarts, and sauce, until October, when the Fall Pippin begins to ripen. The Holland Pippin is fit for use while 102 THE App_Les OF NEW York. the skin is quite green, but the Fall Pippin, not until it turns quite yellow. Finally, the stalk of the Holland Pippin is short, and set in a wide cavity, while that of the Fall Pippin is large, and set in a cavity often narrow, and comparatively shallow. With these points of difference, these two apples ought not to be confounded.” Holland Pippin is grown to a limited extent for market. It appears to be more valued for this purpose in certain portions of the Hudson valley than in other sections of the state. The fruit is large and when kept free from scab its general appearance is good for a green apple. The crop ripens unevenly. Some of the apples ripen early and are correspondingly short-lived while others ripen later and keep correspondingly later. It varies greatly in keeping qualities in different seasons, some years keeping well till late fall or early winter (16). The tree is a good grower, hardy or nearly so, healthy, pretty long-lived and generally quite pro- ductive yielding moderate to heavy crops biennially or sometimes annually. Historical. Origin unknown. It is an old variety which has long been in cultivation in this and adjoining states. It is still listed by nurserymen but it is not being planted to any considerable extent. TREE. Tree large or moderately large, vigorous. Form spreading or roundish. wigs medium to long, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit usually large or very large, sometimes medium, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish often decidedly flattened at the end varying to oblate conic, obscurely ribbed. Stem medium to short, usually rather slender. Cavity acute or sometimes acuminate, medium in width to broad, moderately shallow to deep, usually covered with thick outspreading russet. Calyx pubescent, medium to small, closed or partly open; lobes rather long, acute. Basin usually rather shallow but varying to moderately deep, medium in width to rather narrow, abrupt to somewhat obtuse, ridged and wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, nearly smooth, rather pale yellow or greenish with more or less of a brownish-red blush which is conspicuously marked with large, irregular, areolar dots. Dots numerous, large and small, often submerged and greenish. HOOK } " ‘ | . 7 De ) q -_ ; 1 bre i @ i J Z | ; a ~ A Soe , - > THe AppLes OF NEw York. 103 Calyx tube wide, broadly conical to truncate funnel-form. Stamens below median to basal. Core medium to large, abaxile; cells unsymmetrical, open; core lines meet- ing or somewhat clasping. Carpels broad, narrowing toward base and apex, slightly emarginate, a little tufted. Seeds medium size, rather narrow, acute to somewhat acuminate. Flesh nearly white, medium to slightly coarse-grained, moderately crisp, rather tender, very juicy, brisk subacid, good for culinary uses. Season September and October. HOOK. REFERENCE. I. (?) Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1880 :183. Synonyms. None. Fruit of good medium size, rather attractive pale yellow with tender flesh of mild subacid flavor. It is in season during October and November. It is especially esteemed for dessert use. Historical. This variety was received from Schoharie county, N. Y., where it is well known and has the reputation of being one of the most desirable dessert apples of its season. We have not yet been able to deter- mine its origin, nor the extent of its distribution. FRuIrt. Fruit medium size, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish ovate or inclined to oblong conic, sometimes roundish truncate. Stem short, rather slender. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, broad, often lipped, smooth or with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx medium size, usually somewhat open; lobes rather narrow to wide, acute to acuminate. Basin medium in width and depth, obscurely furrowed and wrinkled. Skin smooth, clear yellow or greenish-yellow. Dots inconspicuous, minute, usually submerged. Calyx tube large, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core rather small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or a little open; core lines meeting or somewhat clasping. Carpels smooth, flat, obcordate to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium brown, rather large, wide, flat, obtuse. Flesh whitish with slight tinge of yellow, very tender, fine-grained, juicy, mild subacid, somewhat aromatic, very good. Season October and November. HOWARD BEST. REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, Mich. Sta. Bul., 31:52. 1887. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:223. 1892. Synonyms. Howarp’s Best (2). Howarp’s Best RussIAN (1). 104 THE Apples OF NEw York. This is an attractive apple which bears a decided resemblance to Alexander in form, color and quality. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bear- ing rather young and yields moderate to good crops almost annually. We have not yet determined whether or not it is superior to Alexander. Historical. Received in 1892 for testing at this Station from C. G. Patten, Charles City, Ia. (2). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, crooked branches. Form rather flat and spreading, inclined to droop. Twigs short, straight, slender with large terminal buds; internodes short to medium. Bark dull brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit above medium, usually large to very large. Form oblate conic, rather flat at the base, somewhat ribbed, symmetrical. Stem medium to long, thick. Cavity acute, deep, medium in width to wide, symmetrical, sometimes com- pressed, heavily russeted. Calyx large, open; lobes separated at base, short, narrow, acute. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, rather narrow, abrupt, distinctly furrowed to nearly smooth. Skin rather tough, smooth, waxy, light yellowish-green, mottled, striped and splashed with bright, dark red over a large part of the surface. Dots indistinct, medium size, gray, scattering. Calyx tube short, wide, conical or approaching funnel-form. Stamens basal to median. Core medium size, nearly axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping or nearly meeting. Carpels very broadly ovate or inclined to ellipti- cal, slightly emarginate, tufted. Seeds medium to small, wide, short, rather flat, obtuse. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, firm, rather coarse, tender, very juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good. Season September and October. HUNTER PIPPIN. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1876:54 app. Synonyms. None. A chance seedling which originated in Westport, N. Y. Downing de- scribes the tree as moderately vigorous and a good annual bearer; fruit medium size, whitish-yellow; flesh brisk subacid; season August (1). So far as we can learn this variety is not being propagated. HURLBUT. REFERENCES. 1. Cole, 1849:118. fig. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:31. 1851. col. pl. and fig. 3. Downing, 1857:155. 4. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867:722. 6. Thomas, 1875:201. 7. Barry, 1883:347. 8. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 9g. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:241. 10. Mun- Tue AppLes oF NEw York. 105 son, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:133. 11. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. 12. Burrill and McCluer, Jl]. Sta. Bul., 45:326. 1896. 13. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:89. 1902. 14. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:45. 1903. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:126. 1904. Synonyms. HurwpBurt (2). Hurtsut (1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15). Hurlbut Stripe (3). Huritsutr (5). The general appearance of Hurlbut is good yet it is not particu- larly attractive either in size or color nor does it take first rank for either home use or market. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing moderately young and yields heavy crops biennially. Because of the tendency of the tree to overproduction in bearing years the size of the fruit is in many cases reduced and a con- siderable portion of it is too small to be marketable. Hurlbut has proved to be a profitable variety with some fruit growers but although it has long been known in cultivation and has been quite widely disseminated it has nowhere gained prominence as a com- mercial variety. Historical. In 1849 Cole (1) wrote: “ The original tree is still flourishing on the farm of General Leonard Hurlbut, Winchester, Conn.” It is still quite frequently listed by nurserymen (9) but is not being planted to any consider- able extent. TREE. Tree rather large, vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form spreading or roundish and somewhat inclined to droop. Twigs moderately long, slightly curved, moderately stout to rather slender; internodes below medium to short. Bark dark brown to clear brownish-red, heavily mottled with scarf- skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, slightly raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRvit. Fruit below medium to above, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish, slightly oblate or inclined to oblate conic, somewhat angular, rather symmetrical. Stem medium to short, rather slender. Cavity acute, shallow to medium in depth, medium in width, symmetrical or compressed, usually covered with heavy outspreading russet. Calyx medium or below, usually closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to nearly medium in width, somewhat abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled. Skin thick, tough, smooth, greenish-yellow largely overspread with brown- ish-red or dull red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots scattering, in- conspicuous, usually submerged, sometimes russet. Calyx tube very short, wide, truncate conical with fleshy pistil point pro- jecting into the base. Stamens marginal. Core medium size, abaxile; cells wide open to nearly closed; core lines 106 THe Apples oF NEw York. meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels nearly round. Seeds numerous, rather large, moderately wide, long, rather plump, acute. Flesh white or yellowish, moderately firm, rather fine, tender, crisp, very juicy, aromatic, mildly subacid, good to very good. Season variable; October to December or January (15). ISHAM. REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 2. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:310. 18094. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 4. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:60. 1902. fig. 5. Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:53. 1902. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 105. Synonyms. IsHAM SwEET (1, 2, 3, 4,5). IsHAM Sweet (6). A red sweet apple of medium size, in season in late fall and early winter. It has been grown to some extent in some of the Western states but it has not been much tested in New York and it is doubtful whether it is desirable for planting in any porticn of this state. Historical. Isham originated from seed of Bailey Sweet. It was intro- duced about 1864 by F. K. Phoenix, Delavan, Wis. (2). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading. Twigs medium to long, rather stout, in some cases quite blunt at the tips, straight or nearly so; internodes rather long. Bark reddish-brown overlaid with heavy grayish scarf-skin, not pubescent or very sparingly so. Lenticels rather inconspicu- ous, rather scattering, irregular in size and shape, not raised. Buds large, prominent, fleshy, heavily pubescent, adhering to bark. Fruit (4, 6). Fruit medium. Form roundish, slightly tapering. Stem short. Cavity regular, acute, with much radiating russet. Calyx open; segments flat, con- vergent. Basin very shallow, minutely wrinkled. Skin yellowish-green mostly covered with brownish-red, solid and mixed on sunny side, striped and broadly splashed on the shady side. Dots distinct, russet, numerous, minute; a few large russet dots. Calyx tube funnel-shape. Stamens median. Core closed; cells round, entire. Seeds long, large, flat. Flesh very yellow with yellow veinings, firm, very sweet, very good. JACK, REFERENCES. I. (?) Hooper, 1857:46. 2. (?) Downing, 1869:206. 3. (?) Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:334. 1806. Synonyms. (Early Jack 1)? (Jack Apple 1)? (OSKALOOSA 2, 3)? Fruit of good medium size, yellow; flesh very tender, rich, mild subacid. It is highly esteemed for its excellent dessert quality but it is too tender to stand shipping very well and on account of its irregular shape and yellow Tue AppLes oF NEW YorK. 107 color it is not sufficiently attractive for market purposes. The tree is not a vigorous grower and has rather slender twigs. Possibly this is identical with Oskaloosa which has Jack as a synonym, (2, 3) but we have been unable to obtain fruit of Oskaloosa and the avail- able descriptions of that variety are so meager that it is impossible to deter- mine whether or not it is identical with the variety described above. Historical. Jack is grown to a very limited extent in East Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. Y. We have not obtained it from any other locality. We have been unable to learn where it originated, or whether it is the Jack mentioned by Hooper (1). TREE. Tree not very vigorous with moderately long, slender, crooked branches. Form at first upright spreading but becoming roundish and rather dense. wigs long, straight, slender; internodes short. Bark brown or reddish- brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Len- ticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oblong, slightly raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, appressed, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium or above, sometimes rather large, not uniform in shape or size. Form oblate varying to roundish oblate or to oblate conic, very irregu- lar, obscurely ribbed, often with the sides somewhat furrowed and unequal. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acuminate, usually deep, medium in width, russeted, with concentric russet lines often extending beyond the cavity, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium size, usually open. Basin small to medium, rather shallow to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, un- symmetrical, irregularly furrowed or nearly smooth. Skin rather thin, waxy, glossy, attractive yellow with shades of green, sometimes faintly tinged with red and marbled with whitish scarf-skin over the base somewhat after the manner of Yellow Newtown. Dots mostly small and depressed mingled with a few that are larger, scattering and irregular with russet center. Calyx tube medium in width and length, conical to somewhat funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core medium in size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, some- what open; core lines clasping. Carpels elliptical, deeply emarginate. Seeds medium or below, wide, short, rather flat, obtuse, mingled with light and dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately firm, moderately crisp or breaking, very tender, moderately juicy, very mild subacid, very good for dessert. Season October and November. JARVIS. REFERENCE. I. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:223. 18092. Synonyms. Crandall Seedling (1). Jarvis (1). No. 25 (1). Fruit large and when well colored partly overspread and striped with red; flesh tender, juicy, subacid, pleasant but not superior in flavor or 108 THe AppLes oF NEw York. quality; season late September to early winter. It is possibly desirable for local market but it is not recommended for general cultivation. Historical. The original tree is standing near Ithaca, N. Y., on land once owned by a Mr. Jarvis from whom the variety takes its name. It is grown to a limited extent in the vicinity of Ithaca but so far as we know is not cultivated in any other portion of the state. Received for testing at this Station in 1892 from C. B. Crandall. JEFFERIS. REFERENCES. I. Thomas, 1849:149. 2. Mag. Hort., 18:491. 1852. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 4. Elliott, 1854:139. 5. Mag. Hort. 21:62. 1855. 6. Gregg, 1857:44. 7. Downing, 1857:83. fig. 8. Hooper, 1857:47. 9. Mag. Hort., 24:109. 1858. 10. Hoffy, N. A. Pom., 1860. col. pl. 11. Horticul- turist, 17:104, 150. 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:440. fig. 13. Barry, 1883 :338. 14. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1888:570. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 16. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 17. Burrill and McCluer, Ill. Sta. Bul., 45:309, 323. 1896. 18. Powell, Del. Sta. Bul., 38:18. 18608. 19. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901 :96. 20. Beach, Western N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1901:76. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:105. 22. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bul., 182:21. 1903. 23. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:45. 1903. 24. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:45. 1903. 25. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:126. 1904. Synonyms. LEverbearing (20). Grantham (17). JEFFERIES (10, 12, 14, 17, 20). JEFFERIS (3, 4, 7; 13, 15, 16, 18, 10, 21, 22, 23) 24, 25)> JEprmms (are, iLO) toy (Oly iG) JP Fruit of medium size, yellow, blushed and splashed with red; flesh tender, mild subacid, delicious. It begins to ripen in Septem- ber and continues in season till early winter. Commercial limit October (25). It is an excellent variety for the home orchard but not for commercial planting because it ripens unevenly, is apt to be deficient in size and is not especially attractive in color. The tree is a moderately vigorous grower, hardy, healthy, comes into bearing moderately early and is a reliable cropper yielding full crops bien- nially. Historical. Originated with Isaac Jefferies, Newlin township, Chester county, Pa. It was named after the originator by the Committee of the Penn- sylvania Horticultural Society which awarded this variety the premium for the best seedling apple exhibited in 1848 (10). TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright to roundish, open. Twigs short, straight, slender; internodes long. Bark brown mingled with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels JEFFERIS VoL. II —10 THe AppLes oF NEW York. 109 scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit small to medium, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate often inclined to conic, regular or obscurely ribbed. Stem medium length, thick to moderately slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, medium to broad, symmetrical, russeted but slightly if at all. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes short, rather broad, acute. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, moderately wide. somewhat abrupt, smooth or nearly so, symmetrical. Skin thin, tough, greenish-yellow or pale yellow more or less blushed and mottled with moderately dull red overlaid with narrow splashes and stripes of carmine. Dots small, scattering, inconspicuous, submerged or russet. Calyx tube narrow, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens marginal to median. Core small, axile, or nearly so; cells slightly open; core lines somewhat clasping or meeting. Carpels elliptical to somewhat obovate, emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds numerous, medium to rather large, wide, long, flat, very irregular, obtuse. Flesh yellowish-white, firm, fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, mild subacid, very good. Season September to January. JEFFERSON COUNTY. REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 10:254. 1855. fig. 2. Downing, 1857 :156. 3. Warder, 1867:723. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Thomas, 1875 :201. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :292. Synonyms. None. This variety originated in Jefferson county, N. Y., hence its name (2). The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous; form somewhat drooping; twigs rather slender. It comes into bearing young and is a reliable bearer producing some fruit nearly every year, alternating heavy with lighter crops. The fruit is yellow shaded and splashed with red, not very bright in color, in season during October and November. It is particularly suitable for dessert, the flesh being tender, rather firm, crisp, of good flavor and excellent quality but it is not regarded as a good market variety for there is apt to be a rather large amount of small, imperfect or otherwise unmarketable fruit and when the fruit does not color properly, as happens in many cases, it is of poor flavor. It was listed by the American Pomological Society in 1873. It has been sparingly disseminated in various parts of the country but is as yet little known. So far as we can learn it is not being planted in New York. JENNETTING or JUNEATING. This name has been applied by some to White Juneating. For a description of this variety together with Hogg’s account of the derivation of the name the reader is referred to White Juneating, page 240. 110 THE Apples OF NEw YorK. JERSEY SWEEI. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1845:87. 2. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1846 :190. 3. Cole, 1849:110. 4. Thomas, 1849:145. fig. 5. Barry, 1851:284. 6. Em- mons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:25. 1851. 7. Waring, 1851:26. 8. Elliott, 1854: 86. fig. 9. Hooper, 1857:48. 10. [b:, 18572107, Ill. 11. Am: (Pomeasoe Cat., 1862. 12. Horticulturist, 17:104, 150. 1862. 13. Warder, 1867:305. 14. Fitz, 1872:153. 15. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 16. Bailey, An, Hort., 1892:242. 17. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 18094. 18. Mich. Sta. Bul., 118:60. 1895. 19. [b., 143:200. 1897. 20. Ib., 205:45. 1903. 21. Budd-Hansen, 1903:105. 22. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:126. 1904. Synonyms. American (13). JERSEY SWEET (5, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 18, 21). JERSEY SWEETING (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 14, 17). An early autumn apple of medium size. It does not always color well but under favorable conditions it is highly colored, rich in flavor, tender and excellent in quality for either dessert or cul- inary uses. It is one of the best of the sweet apples of its season for planting for home use in New York but it has proved unsatis- factory as a commercial sort because it ripens at a time when there is little demand for fruit of this kind, is not a good keeper, is apt to be scabby and does not always color well. The tree is hardy, moderately long-lived, comes into bearing young and bears nearly every year, yielding moderate to good or sometimes heavy crops. The fruit comes in season late in August or early in September and ripens in succession during a period of several weeks; often some portion may be kept till early winter, but its commercial limit in ordinary storage is September or early October (22). Historical. Origin unknown. Elliott calls it an American variety (8). It is pretty well known in different parts of New York state, but is now rarely found except in old orchards. It is commonly listed by nurserymen (16) but is now seldom or never planted except occasionally for home use. TREE. Tree rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches long, moder- ately stout, filled with spurs. Form upright to roundish, open. Twigs mod- erately long, straight, slender; internodes long. Bark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, medium to small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. JERSEY SWEET _ 7 >» & - Pp - , > « > = wes Lee oo . ’ = Vp” 2 =F: <= ‘ ; ¢ m,Y 7 : : ; ; —* 7.) aan : wae ed : jue, 4 Las 7m airs Iu a ; sit a ere ws. aay: - - tty >? 7° ; - ee v= a ey Pn ey . x e~ “1s se s ; > a - @ _ ‘ f : mG : 4 » J ' & 7 7 § i: 4. _ ie bd be . ‘ ‘ Cw -s i. ; an | » - 2 ~ _ “ r °: ia oe ° 2 * =) . ees Ree » - ey A ~~ 4’ f 4 y : ’ A) pt ~ eae) 7 > yh : " (3 ‘ ; ; aie oe 4, g a2 ¢ = + is j ad ft . q r 1 | ane Le i - = : : oe ~ ; * I — 2 : > r at 4 < é /i P ; , SS * 7 \' ? Jk i : c i y 7 " %, 2 - Tur APppPpLes OF NEw YorK. III Fruit. Fruit medium size. Form roundish ovate inclined to conic or to oblate conic; sides unequal. Stem long to medium length, rather slender. Cavity acute, usually rather deep, varying to shallow, medium in width, occasionally lipped, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin rather small, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to medium in width, somewhat abrupt, ribbed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, at first greenish-yellow but becoming clear yellow washed and mottled with brownish-red and overlaid with narrow stripes of bright carmine. Dots inconspicuous, greenish, submerged. Calyx tube narrow, conical to funnel-form, often with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens median. Core medium size or above, axile or nearly so; cells symmetrical, usually closed: core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elongated ovate, tufted. Sceds medium to large, variable in length and width, acute to acu- minate. Flesh yellowish, moderately firm, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, sweet, good to very good. Season September to December. JUDSON, REFERENCES. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:17. 2. Ib., Rpt., 1901 :40. 3. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:62. 1902. fig. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903:108. fig. SyNoNyMS. JUDSON (1, 2, 3, 4). Thompson’s Seedling No. 29 (3, 4). Fruit large, green or yellowish, more or less covered with red, not especially attractive in appearance and only fair to good in quality. Season October to December. Not valuable enough to be worthy of trial in New York except perhaps in those districts where superior hardiness is particularly desirable. Historical. Originated in Grundy county, Iowa, by J. S. B. Thompson. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, somewhat drooping branches. Form open, roundish to spreading. wigs above medium to short, somewhat curved, medium to stout, rather pubescent with large ter- minal buds; internodes medium or below. Bark brown or reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium or below, round or irregularly elongated, not raised. Buds prominent, large to medium, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent. FRUvITrT. Fruit large or very large, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish conical or a little inclined to oblong, indistinctly ribbed, irregular; I12 Tue Apples OF NEW YORK. sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity very acuminate, deep, moderately narrow to rather broad, somewhat furrowed, irregularly russeted, frequently compressed. Calyx large, usually somewhat open. Basin moderately deep to deep, medium in width, very abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin smooth, rather tough, clear bright yellow washed with red which sometimes deepens to a pinkish blush, striped and splashed with carmine and mottled over the base with dull scarf-skin. Dots scattering, small to large, pale gray, conspicuous. Prevailing effect greenish-yellow; not par- ticularly attractive. Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape. Stamens variable but usually median. Core rather small, usually abaxile; cells sometimes unsymmetrical, wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, small to medium, rather numer- ous, very short, very plump, obtuse. Flesh nearly white, firm, rather coarse, crisp, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good. Season October to December. UIE: REFERENCES. I. Rural N. Y., 1861 (cited by 15). 2. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 29:112. 1863. 3. Hanford, Horticulturist, 19:273. 1864. fig. 4. Warder, 1867:719. 5. Downing, 1869:181. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:499. 7. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:252. 8. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:471. 9. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:292. 11. Amer. Gard., 12:570. 1891. figs. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 13. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:321. 18096. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:108. 15. Ragan) U.S. Bb. BP, f. Bul: 50-160. 910905. Synonyms. August (4, 15, of Cassel, Germany, 3). FourtH or JULY (2, 4, 6, 8,'0, 10, 11, 12, 13). Fourth of July (45,°? 5). ieee ee Jury, Fourth of (14). McAdow’s June (4, 15). Siberian August (4, 15, of Germany 2). Stewart's Nonpareil (15, ? 4). TeETorskit (5). Tetofsky, erroneously (4, I5). This fruit closely resembles Tetofsky and some have considered the two varieties identical (4) but they are quite distinct in tree. It is not recom- mended for planting in New York because it is not equal to standard varieties of its season. Historical. Hovey states that “The Fourth of July apple, in Germany called the Siberian August apple, was sent from the Russian province Lief- land, in the year 1807, to the celebrated pomologist, Dr. Diel, and is cele- brated, like all our summer apples which originated in Russia, for its great productiveness and hardiness” (2). It was introduced into Columbus, O., from Cassel, Germany (3). It has been disseminated to a considerable extent in various parts of this country and is still listed by a considerable number of nurserymen (12). TREE. Tree vigorous. Form upright, roundish and rather dense. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dull JUDSON THE Apples OF NEw York. 13 brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit below medium to above, pretty uniform in shape but not in size. Form usually roundish conical, irregularly ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to long, moderately slender, often bracted. Cavity acuminate to acute, moderately deep, medium to narrow, slightly furrowed, thinly rus- seted. Calyx medium to large, usually closed; lobes medium in length, moderately narrow, acuminate. Basin rather shallow to medium in depth, narrow, somewhat abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, rather glossy, pale yellow washed and mottled with red striped and splashed with carmine and overspread with whitish bloom. Dots small, numerous, submerged, inconspicuous, light, areolar. Calyx tube variable in length, funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium or below, axile; cells closed; core lines slightly clasping or meeting. Carpels roundish ovate or elongated ovate. Seeds very dark dull brown, medium size, moderately wide, short, plump, obtuse. Flesh yellowish, a little coarse, crisp, tender, moderately juicy, sprightly subacid, fair to good. Season last of July to September. KAIGHN, REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:128. fig. 2. Downing, Horticulturist, 1:341. 1847. 3. Cole, 1849:125. 4. Thomas, 1849:173. 5. Emmons, Naf. Hist. N. Y., 3:60. 1851. 6. Elliott, 1854:141. fig. 7. Hooper, 1857:49. 8. Down- ing, 1857:158. 9. Warder, 1867:681. fig. 10. Downing, 1876:55 app. II. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :242. SyNonyMs. KAIGHN (II). KAIGHN’s SPITZEMBURG (I). KAIGHN’S SPIT- ZENBERG (3, 6, 9). KAIGHN’S SPITZENBERGH (2). KAIGHN’S SPITZENBURG (7, 12). KaAIGHN’S SPITZENBURGH (4, 5, 8). KaicNn’s SpITZENBURG (10). Lady Finger (erroneously 6, 7). Long John (6, 7). Long Pearmain (6, 7). Ohio Wine (6). Red Pearmain (6, 7, 8). Red Phoenix (6). Red Pippin (6). Red Spitzenberg (6). Red Spitzenburg (8). Red Winter Pear- main (6). Russam (6). Scarlet Pearmain, erroneously (6). Downing states that Kaign’s Spitzenberg and Long Red Permain, for many years considered identical, are in reality distinct varieties in both tree and fruit. He gives a long list of synonyms for Long Red Pearmain including all of the synonyms cited above and adds, “ The true Kaign’s Spitzenburg, so far as I know, has no synonyms ” (10). This is an old variety of New Jersey origin which has been disseminated through various parts of the West even to the Pacific Coast. The fruit is showy and the tree productive. The tree makes a spreading, straggling growth (1, 11). According to Coxe (1) the fruit bears “a faint resemblance to the Esopus Spitzemberg but is more pointed toward the crown; the color is a lively but pale red, faintly streaked and full of white spots; the 114 THe AppLes oF NEw York. skin is smooth, the stem long and deeply planted, the crown very hollow — the flesh finely flavored, yellow, juicy and tender.” It is now practically obsolete in New York. KALKIDON. REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:25. 2. Schroeder, Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:76. 3. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:56. 4. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul., 2:41. 1888. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Kpt., 11:593. 1892. 6 Ib., 13:589. 1894. 7. [b., 14:261. 1895. 8. Beach, Paddock and Close, Ib., 15:272, 281. 1896. 9g. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:127. 1004, “to. Ragan, U)-S. B. Pa Bul 50 710r. "1905, Synonyms. KALKIDON (3, 4, 9, incorrectly I0). KALKIDONSKOE (1). KALKIDOUSKOE (5, 6, 7, 8). KaLKktmovsKoE (2). Khalkidonskoe (4, 9). Khalkidouskoe (3, 10). No. 540 (10). No. 94 (1, 2, 3, 10). A Russian variety which was received from Ellwanger and Barry, Roch- ester, N. Y., in 1884 for testing at this Station. It is an apple of moderately attractive appearance and fair to good quality, in season in September and October. The tree comes into bearing moderately young and is a reliable biennial cropper. It is not recommended for planting in New York because it is inferior to standard varieties of its season. FRvuIT. Fruit large to medium, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form oblate conical to ovate, regular or faintly ribbed. Stem medium to very short, moderately thick. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, medium in width, furrowed and compressed, russeted and with out- spreading greenish-russet rays. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open; lobes medium in length, broad, acute. Basin shallow to medium in depth, narrow to medium in width, rather abrupt, slightly furrowed. Skin thick, rather tough, smooth, greenish or pale yellow, largely waslied and mottled with dull red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots variable in size, numerous, inconspicuous, submerged. Calyx tube rather long, moderately wide, conical or funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core small, axile or sometimes abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or open; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate to elliptical, slightly emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium to large, wide, plump, acute to obtuse, dark brown. Flesh tinged with yellowish-green, moderately fine-grained, tender, rather juicy, mild subacid, fair to good. Season September to midwinter (9). KARABOVKA, REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Mowntreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:74. 2. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:7. 3. Gibb, Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt, 1885:274. 4. NY- Sta. An. Rpt., 13:582. 1894. 5. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:161. 1905. Synonyms. Kajabowka (5). KARABOFF (2, 3, 4). Karaboff (1, 5). THe Apples oF NEw York. 115 KARABOVKA (5). Karabovka (3, 4). KARABOWKA (1). Karabowka (2, A), IN@, Bi WE (&, Ae INO: BOS (2, Bo. 2, Be Slasto, wo Il, Wo, Bir (3) A Russian variety received from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., in 1884 for testing at this Station. As grown here the tree does not come into bearing very early but when mature yields full crops biennially. ‘The fruit is medium to rather small, not specially attractive in appearance, fair to possibly good in quality being inferior to standard sorts of its season. Season late August and September. It does not agree with the description of Karabovka given by Budd (2). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, stout, curved branches. Form rather open, flat, spreading. Tzigs long, curved, stout, with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, heavily streaked with searf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, small to medium, round, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIrt. Fruit small to medium, uniform. Form oblate, regular, symmetrical. Stem medium in length, moderately thick to rather slender. Cavily acute to nearly acuminate, moderately deep to deep, narrow to medium in width, occasionally lipped, usually russeted. Calyx large, open or nearly closed; lobes short, rather broad, acute. Basin medium in depth, wide, furrowed or wrinkled and with mammiform protuberances. Skin thin, tender, smooth, rather dull pale greenish-yellow, with scatter- ing narrow stripes of dull dark red, or when highly colored it is largely striped, splashed and shaded with red, and overspread with pinkish bloom. Dots rather numerous, small, light, obscure, submerged. Calyx tube large, medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical to funnel- shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium size, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels ellip- tical, emarginate. Seeds very dark dull brown, medium size, wide, rather short, flat, plump, obtuse. Flesh nearly white, moderately fine, tender, moderately juicy, mild subacid with peculiar flavor, fair to good in quality. Season late August and September. KENTISH FILLBASKET, REFERENCES. 1. Kenrick, 1832:95. 2. Downing, 1845:114. 3. Thomas, 1849 :168. 4. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:62, 1851. 5. Elliott, 1854:172. 6. Hooper. 1857:49. 7. Warder, 1867:723. 8. Hogg, 1884:120. g. Green, Country Gentleman, 1885:840. 10 Ib., Can. Hort., 11:8. 1888. 11. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 12. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 4:3. 1807. figs. 13. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :354. Synonyms. Kent FILLBASKET (13). KENTISH FILBASKET (3). KENTISH FILEBASKED (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)! Lady de Grey's (2, 5, 8). 116 THE AppLesS oF NEw York. Potter’s Large (8). Potter's Large Grey Seedling (5). Potter's Large Seedling (2). A very large, handsome, late autumn appie, desirable for cooking but not for dessert use. Tree a strong grower and a fair cropper. Not recommended for planting in New York. According to Hogg (8) the Kentish Fillbasket of Miller, Forsyth and Rogers is a different variety being evidently the Kentish Codlin or common old English Codlin, a lemon-yellow apple which is in season from August to October. The Kentish Fillbasket of Buel! appears to be the same as that of Forsyth.2 Historical. This is an old English variety. It has been sparingly culti- vated in portions of New York state for many years and has been grown to some extent also in Ontario (12). FRvit. Fruit very large. Form oblate or roundish, ribbed broadly and obscurely if at all, irregular, fairly uniform. Stem not exserted, short, medium in thickness. Cavity acute to somewhat acuminate, deep, broad, symmetrical or somewhat furrowed, green or more often with outspreading russet. Calyx small to rather large, closed or partly open; lobes broad, obtuse to acute. Basin pretty abrupt, moderately deep to deep, medium in width to wide, sometimes a little furrowed or wrinkled. Skin thin, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, pale yellow with thin brownish blush often deepening to red, somewhat mottled and splashed with carmine. Dots small usually not conspicucus, dark brown or grayish or submerged and whitish. Prevailing effect yellow somewhat striped with red. Calyx tube wide, conical. Stamens basal to nearly median. Core abaxile, medium to large; cells often unsymmetrical and open, some- times closed; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels broadly ovate, mucronate, not emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds medium or below, plump, acute. Flesh whitish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tender, juicy, brisk subacid, good. Season October to December. KESWICK, REFERENCES. I. Forsyth, 1824:132. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 225. 3. Kenrick, 1832:89. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:23. 5. Downing, 1845 :87. 6. Thomas, 1849:156. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y. 3:37. 1851. 8. Barry, 1851 :280. g. Elliott, 1854:141. 10. Barry, Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. II. Gregg, 1857:37. 12. Hooper, 1857:25, 490, 107, 111. 13. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1860. 14. Mead, Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 15. Warder, 1867:688. fig. 16. Fitz, 1872:160. 17. Hogg, 1884:122. 18. Wickson, 1889:243. 19. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 20. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:242. 21. Taft, Mich. Sta. Bul., 105:108. 1894. 22. Lyon, [b., 118:60. 1895. 23 Ib., 143: 200. 1897. 24. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 25. Dickens and 1 Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 2 Forsyth, 1803:50. MOIMS3™ Se S eae 562230: 1905; Synonyms. Perry REDSTREAK (3). Perry Rep STREAK (1, 2). Perry Red Streak (3). A November apple of medium size and mild flavor. It originated at Low- ville, N. Y., with Dr. David Perry (1). The tree is hardy, vigorous and a reliable cropper alternating heavy with lighter crops. The fruit is of me- dium size, yellow, shaded, striped and splashed with light and dark red; flesh whitish, fine, tender, juicy, slightly aromatic, mild subacid (2). This variety is unknown to us and we have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. PEASE WALTER THe AppLes or New York. 163 PETER. REFERENCES. I. Jowa Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:180. 2. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:50, 90. 1888. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 4. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:601. 1893. 5. Heiges, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1895:31. 6. Munson, Me. Sid. pt, 1890-75. 7. Beach, W. N. VY. Hort: Soc. Rpt, 4t 752. 1806. 8: Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:19. 9. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:84. 1902. to. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84, 95. 1902. 11. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903:149. 13. Powell and Fulton, Uae Seu bavh. lon Bl.) 45°52.) 1003. r4. beach’ and Clark, N: VY. Sita. Bul2 248 :137. 1904. Synonyms. None. This fruit resembles its parent Wealthy so closely that it is very difficult to distinguish between the two. It is similar to Wealthy in season as well as in the appearance and quality of the fruit. In ordinary storage its com- mercial season is September and October (14). In cold storage it extends to about January I (13). Sometimes a portion of the fruit may keep into or through the winter (14). Hansen states that even if really distinct the two varieties are now mixed to a considerable extent. As fruited at this Station the flesh of Peter is not so white as that of Wealthy but some- what milder and better in quality (4). It has been found that the seeds of Peter are larger, broader, less pointed and a little darker than those of Wealthy. The tree is a moderate grower, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially. The fruit does not ripen uniformly and/on this account there is apt to be some loss from drops unless more than one picking is made. Historical. Originated from seed of Wealthy by Peter M. Gideon, Excel- sior, Minn. (1), from whom this variety was received in 1888 for testing at this Station. TREE. Tree a fairly strong grower in the nursery; in the orchard it makes a moderately vigorous growth and eventually becomes rather large with moderately stout, somewhat drooping branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs short, straight, slender, with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with red, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit medium or above, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or round- ‘ish oblate, a little inclined to conic, regular. Stem long to medium, some- times short, slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, medium to rather broad, com- pressed, lightly russeted or nearly smooth. Calyx small, closed; lobes me- dium in length, rather broad, acute. Basin deep to moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, gently furrowed, sometimes compressed. Skin thin, moderately tough, nearly smooth, clear pale yellow washed and mottled with bright red conspicuously striped and splashed with deep car- mine. Highly colored specimens are nearly covered with deep red. Dots 164 THE Appites oF NEw York. medium size, scattering, brown, mingled with some that are whitish and submerged. Prevailing effect red or striped red. Calyx tube small, funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium to below, usually axile; cells symmetrical, closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, emarginate. Seeds above me- dium to large, moderately wide, long, flat, moderately acute. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, sometimes stained with red, firm, me- dium-grained, tender, juicy, with a pleasant, mild subacid, somewhat aro- matic flavor, good to very good. Season September and October or later (14). PLUMB CIDER, REFERENCES. 1. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869 (cited by 2). 2. Horticul- turist, 27:310. 1872. 3. Ib., 28:119. 1873. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Williams, Horticulturist, 29:16. 1874. fig. 6. Downing, 1876:65 app. 7. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:472. 8. Barry, 1883:352. 9. Thomas, 1885 :520. 10. Bailey, dn. Hort., 1892:246. 11. Rural N. Y., 53:794. 1894. 12. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:124. 1901. 13. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul, 76: 35. 1902. fig. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:151. fig. 15. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:138. 1904. SynonyMS. Pitums Ciper (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15). PLum CIDER (10, IT). This variety has been received with some favor in many parts of the country on account of its hardiness and productiveness. The fruit is of good medium size, fairly attractive in color, yellowish shaded and splashed with red. As grown in New York state it is inferior to standard varieties of its season. Historical. Origin unknown. It was brought from Ohio in 1844 to Wis- consin by Mr. Plumb, where it proved to be a good grower, hardy and pro- ductive (5). Fruit (5, 13, 14). Fruit above medium. Form round-ovate, slightly conic in some specimens. Stem stout, short. Cavity shallow, narrow. Calyx very small, closed. Basin very narrow and shallow, slightly plaited. Skin yellowish shaded with pale red and somewhat stoped with brighter red. Dots few, fine, gray. Calyx tube long, very narrow, funnel-form. Stamens extremely marginal touching the segments, a marked characteristic. Core little above medium; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate. Seeds pale brown, short, plump, pointed. Flesh of a greenish cast, firm, fine, breaking, juicy, brisk subacid, good. Season October to January. POMONA. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:135. 2. Leroy, 1873:248. fig. 3. Hogg, 1884:55. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13: 579. 1804. 6. Ib., Gard. and For., 8:428 18095. 7. Ib., Can. Hort., 20: POMONA (Reduced Size) Tue AppLes oF NEw York. 165 183. 1897. 8. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:356. 9. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:139. 1904. SyNoNYMS. Cox’s Pomona (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Cox’s Pomona (9). Dean's Codlin (2). Pomona (9). Fruit frequently large and when highly colored rather attractive, being mottled and striped with crimson over a clear pale yellow ground color. The fruit is not very uniform in size, often unsym- metrical, tender, easily bruised and not a very good keeper. In ordinary storage its commercial limit is October (9g). The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and is an annual cropper, or nearly so, but only moderately productive. It is not recom- mended for commercial planting in New York. Historical. Originated by Mr. Cox, Colnbrook Lawn near Slough, Bucks, England, who also originated Cox Orange (3). TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous with branches moderately stout, spreading and often drooping. Form roundish. Twigs straight, stocky, long; internodes medium. Bark rather bright reddish-brown mingled with olive- green, thinly overlaid with narrow streaks of gray scarf-skin. Lenticels rather numerous, conspicuous, medium to sometimes large, roundish or sometimes elongated. Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, appressed, some- what pubescent. Leaves rather large, broad, dark green; base of petioles red. FRUuIT. Fruit medium to very large, fairly uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate conic, very irregular, ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem usually short, moderately thick. Cavity large, acuminate to acute, deep, broad, rather symmetrical or sometimes compressed, irregularly russeted. Calyx medium size, open or nearly closed; lobes separated at base, short, rather broad, obtuse to acute, reflexed. Basin deep, medium in width to rather wide, abrupt, smooth or ridged, slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, rather tender, waxy, smooth, greenish-yellow or pale yellow partly blushed with crimson, and mottled and narrowly striped with car- mine. Dots scattering, small, inconspicuous, usually whitish and submerged, sometimes gray or russet. Calyx tube wide, conical, sometimes extending to the core. Stamens me- dian to nearly marginal. Core medium to small, somewhat abaxile; cells open or closed, symmetri- cal; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate to broadly roundish or elliptical, emarginate. Seeds medium to small, wide, short, very plump, flat, obtuse, dark brown. Flesh whitish, not very firm, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, sprightly, good to very good for culinary use. Season September and October. VoL. Il — 15 166 Tue Appites oF NEw York. PORTER, REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:27. 2. Mag. Hort., 1:363. 1835. 3. Man- ning, 1838:51. 4 /b., Mag. Hort., 7:48. 1841. 5. Downing, 1845:92. fig. 6. Floy-Lindley, 1846:411 app. 7. Horticulturist, 1:196, 256. 1846. 8. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:116. 1848. fig. 9. Cole, 1849:107. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849:157. fig. 11. Waring, 1851:28. 12. Barry, 1851:285. 13. Emmons, Nat. Hist... N. Y.,. 3537. 185%. col. pl’ No. 27/and fig. 145¢iloyeys aes: 1851. col. pl. and fig. 15. Horticulturist, 7:217. 1852. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17. Elliott, 1854:98. 18. Hooper, 1857:71. 19. Gregg, 1857:47. fig. 20. Warder, 1867:673. fig. 21. Fitz, 1872:153,.162. 22, Leroy, 1873: 580. fig. 23. Downing, 1881:11, 12 index, app. 24. Rural N. Y., 47:713. 1888. 25. Wickson, 1889:243. 26. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:206. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:246. 28. Burrill and McCluer, J/]. Sta. Bul., 45 :336. 1896. 29. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:303. 1901. 30. Budd- Hansen, 1903:152. fig. Synonyms. Jennings (23). PorTER (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 20, 30). Yellow Sum- mer Pearmain (23). This fruit is of very fine dessert quality. It is also highly esteemed for canning and other culinary uses, because when it is cooked it is not only excellent in quality but it retains its form remarkably well. The fruit is yellow, faintly marked with red, decidedly attractive for an apple of its class. It does not stand shipping very well because the skin is rather tender and readily shows marks of handling. Since it is quite variable in its season of ripening there is apt to be considerable loss from dropping unless more than one picking is made. It varies in size from large to small, with a considerable percentage of the crop undersized or otherwise unmarketable. The tree is vigorous, compact, hardy, comes into bearing early and is a pretty reliable biennial cropper. Fifty years ago it was the principal September apple in the Boston market (1, 3, 5, 9, 18, 19), and in spite of the fact that it is not red it continues to sell well in that market (29). It is also in good demand in many local markets. It is desirable for planting for home use or for some local markets, but generally it is not regarded as a profitable commercial variety by New York fruit growers. Historical. Originated about 1800 with Rev. Samuel Porter, Sherburne, Mass. (1, 3, 5, 14), and up to about 1850 its cultivation was confined prin- cipally to the vicinity of its origin. It gradually became very widely known and has become well disseminated in many of the more important apple- growing regions of the country. Old trees of it are occasionally found in New York orchards but it is now seldom planted here. THe AppLes oF NEw York. 167 TREE. Tree medium to large, vigorous. Form roundish or somewhat spreading. Twigs rather slender, very short-jointed, with prominent shoulders (14). Buds medium in size. FRuvIT. Fruit small to large, usually rather large. Form oblong inclined to conic, rather truncate at base and with apex oblique and somewhat ribbed. Stem medium to rather short, moderately thick to slender, sometimes knobbed, curved. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium to deep, medium in width to rather narrow, symmetrical or compressed, sometimes lipped, usually faintly russeted. Calyx rather large, closed or partly open; lobes usually separated at base, short, rather narrow, broadly acute. Basin moderately deep to shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, broadly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin moderately thin, smooth, rather glossy, clear bright yellow with a faint blush, usually rather obscurely striped with darker red marked with scattering red dots. Dots usually medium to very small, often submerged, green with whitish center, sometimes russet. Calyx tube rather short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to basal. Core medium to large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells partly open to wide open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical, mucronate. Seeds below medium to rather large, plump, rounded, acute. Flesh yellow, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, agreeably aromatic, sprightly, good to very good for either dessert or culinary uses. Season. It begins to ripen in September and continues in use till Novem- ber or later. POUND SWEET, REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :3IT. Synonyms. None. This name has been applied to several varieties of large sweet apples. Downing mentions one which is large, roundish conic, greenish-yellow with slight red in sun; flesh yellowish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet; season September and October; and another which is large, roundish, red; flesh whitish, moderately juicy, aromatic, sweet (1). Others are described by other authors and some which are known locally by this name have perhaps never been described in any publication. The variety most commonly known in Central and Western. New York under the name Pound Sweet is large, globular, marbled with yellow and green and streaked with whitish scarf-skin. It is described under its correct name Pumpkin Sweet on page 171. PRIMATE, REFERENCES. I. Cowles, Mag. Hort., 16:450. 1850. fig. 2. Ib., 17:506. Te5r. 3. 4m. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 4. Mag: Hori, 20:241. 1854. 5. El- liott, 1854:153. fig. 6. Mag. Hort., 21:62. 1855. 7. Gregg, 1857:38. 8. Downing, 1857:93. fig. 9. Horticulturist, 14:471. 1859. 10. Mag. Hort., 168 THe Apples OF NEw York. 27:69. 1861. 11. Horticulturist, 17:103, 150. 1862. 12. Mag. Hort., 32:17. 1866. 13. Warder, 1867:643. fig. 14. Downing, 1869:313. 15. Fitz, 1872: 161. 16. Thomas, 1875:196. 17. Downing, 1881:11, 12 index, app. 18. Barry, 1883:334. 19. Rural.N. Y., 47:649. 1888. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 21. Blackwell, Rural N. Y., 50:447. 1891. 22. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 23. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:248. 1804. 24. Can. Hort., 17:252. 1894. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 8:9. T90T. figs. 26. Budd-Hansen, 1903:153. fig. 27. Rural N. Y., 62:740. 1903. Synonyms. Belle Rose (17). Early Baldwin (17). Early Tart Harvest (14). Harvest (2). Highland Pippin (17). July Apple (14). NortH AMERICAN Best (9). North American Best (14). Powers (2, 14). PrI- MATE (2:93) 4, 5510) 756; 10) ir, ie) 135 14S Olen. 1S Owe OMe o eros 24, 25, 20, 27). RoucH AND Reapy (1). Rough and Ready (2, 5, 7, 8, 14). Scott (14). Sour Harvest (9, 14). Zour Bough (9, 14). A dessert apple, pale vellow or whitish, often slightly blushed ; in season in August and September. It is well known throughout the state, but not much grown except for home use. It is com- monly considered the best apple of its season for the home orchard because the tree is a pretty good grower and a reliable cropper, and the fruit ripens in succession during a period of several weeks and is of fine flavor and excellent quality particularly for dessert use. Being less attractive than a red apple it is in demand in market only where its fine quality is known. The fruit ripens unevenly and it should be picked from time to time as it matures to prevent loss from the dropping of the fruit. In some localities the tree has proved somewhat tender, not very long-lived and rather susceptible to the attacks of the apple canker, but, generally speaking, as grown throughout Central and Western New York, particularly where it has been topworked upon good thrifty stock, the tree is a pretty good grower, moderately long-lived and reliably productive. Often it yields very heavy crops biennially with lighter crops, or none, on alternate years, but in some localities it is almost an annual bearer. Historical. This variety was disseminated by traveling grafters in Cen- tral and Western New York as much as fifty years ago. In 1850, Charles P. Cowles of Syracuse in a communication to the Magazine of Horticulture stated: “As it is not kriown in this place, nor state, by the best judges, I safely think it is a seedling. I found a few trees in Onondaga county in a town of the same name which had been circulated by grafts but nothing further could be traced of its origin. * * * I propose to call it ‘Rough PRIMATE , a! THE Apples OF NEw York. 169 and Ready’ from the fact of its being first tested during that campaign. * * * Messrs. Downing, Barry and Thomas think it a new variety. * * * Tt is but little known as yet but where it is its qualities are much esteemed” (1). The following year Mr. A. Fahnstock, a nurseryman of Syracuse, showed that this variety had been disseminated in Ontario and Monroe counties as well as in Onondaga county and that it was generally known by the name of Primate. Recently John T. Roberts of Syracuse has taken the trouble to look up the history of this variety and is convinced that the original seedling tree grew in the town of Camillus, Onondaga county, and through his efforts a bronze tablet has been erected to mark the spot. The tablet bears the following inscription: “On this farm Calvin D. Bingham about 1840 produced the marvelous Primate apple, named by Charles P. Cowles. God’s earth is full of love to man” (27). In 1854 it was listed by the American Pomological Society (3) as a valuable variety. It is listed by various nurserymen in the region from the Atlantic to the Middle West but apparently is but little known either in the Southwest or the North- west (22). TREE. Tree below medium to rather large, usually moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dull brown mingled with green, heavily streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent and rather rough. Lenti- cels scattering, medium size, oblong, raised. Buds prominent, large, broad, plump, acute, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium or above, sometimes large. Form roundish conic to oblate conic, often distinctly ribbed. Stem short to medium, thick. Cavity acute, deep, broad, distinctly furrowed. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes long, narrow. Basin moderately shallow to rather deep, medium in width to rather narrow, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, moderately tender, smooth, light green, often changing to whit- ish, sometimes with faint yellowish tinge, often slightly blushed but not striped. Dots scattering, numerous, rather small, submerged or russet. Calyx tube rather large, rather long, broadly conical to somewhat funnel- shape. Stamens median. Core medium to large, nearly axile to somewhat abaxile with hollow cylinder in the axis; cells symmetrical, open; core lines clasping. Carpels cordate. Seeds medium to rather large, moderately wide, plump, acute. Flesh whitish, fine, crisp, very tender, juicy, subacid, aromatic, sprightly, very good to best. Season August and September. PROLIFIC SWEETING., REFERENCES. I. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:54. 2. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:439. 3. [b., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:46. 4. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1888:571. fig. 5. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:646. 1888. 6. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:91. 1888. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :247. 8. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:254. 1895. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 170 THE Apples OF NEw York. 1896:71. 10. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:304. 31901. 11. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:84, 86, 88. 12. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:88. 1902. fig. 13. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :154. Synonyms. No. 351 (3, 4, 12). PiopowirKa CuapkKaja (1). Plodowitka Cuadkaja (3). PLopowirKa CAupKAJA (2). Proriric Sweet (10). Prolific Sweet (1). Proiiric SwEETING (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13). Prolific Sweet- ing (2). A Russian variety which in size and color resembles Yellow Transparent but in form is roundish oblate and somewhat irregular. It has proved to be a valuable sweet apple for autumn use in Northern New England (5, 11, 12, 13). Worthy of trial in Northern New York when a variety of this class is desired. Historical. Imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870. It was received for testing at this Station from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., in 1888 (6). It has thus far been but little disseminated in this state. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs long, curved, stout; internodes short. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, ap- pressed, pubescent. FRult. Fruit medium or above. Form roundish oblate, somewhat irregular. Stem medium size. Cavity deep, acute to acuminate, ribbed, russeted and with some outspreading russet rays. Calyx closed. Basin shallow, wide, wrinkled. Flesh white, crisp, fine-grained, mildly sweet, good. Season late August, September and October. PUMPKIN RUSSET. REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:37. 2. Mag. Hort., 1:363. 1835. 3. Down- ing, 1845:93. 4. Thomas, 1849:146. 5. Cole, 1849:115. 6. Elliott, 1854: 152. 7. Hooper, 1857:73. 8 Warder, 1867:566. 9. Downing, 1881 :11 index, app. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 11. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. J. Bul., 48:53. 1903. 12. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:139. 1904. Synonyms. Flint Russet (3, 6). Kingsbury Russet (9). PUMPKIN Russert (3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12). Pumpkin Russet (5). PUMPKIN SWEET (5). Pumpkin Sweet (3). PumMPKIN SwWEETING (2). PUMPKIN SWEETING of New England (1). Sweet Russet (3, 4,6). York Russet (6). This is a very large, round, yellowish-russet apple, sweet, rich, very good for baking but of little value for other purposes. The tree is a vigorous, rapid grower, hardy, moderately long-lived and yields fair to good crops biennially or in some cases almost annually. It is not a profitable commer- cial variety and is now seldom cultivated even for home use. Historical. Pumpkin Russet is an old New England variety. Kenrick (1) in 1832 described it under the name Pumpkin Sweeting of New Eng- PUMPKIN RUSSET * THe AppLes oF NEw York. 17I land. In 1849 Cole (5) described it under the name Pumpkin Sweet giving Pumpkin Russet as a synonym. In 1845 it was described by Downing (3) under the name Pumpkin Russet which is the name now generally accepted for it by pomologists. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen but is now seldom planted in New York. TREE, Tree large, vigorous or very vigorous, at first upright but eventually be- coming roundish or spreading, open; branches long, stout, curved. Twigs short, curved, stout; internodes long. Bark dark reddish-brown tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, oblong, slightly raised. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. FRuIt. Fruit large, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form oblate or somewhat inclined to conic, sometimes irregular, faintly ribbed, often compressed. Stem medium to short, moderately slender to thick. Cavity acute to acuminate, usually deep, moderately broad to rather narrow, nearly smooth, sometimes slightly furrowed. Calyx large, closed or slightly open; lobes long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin small to medium, rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thick, rather tough, greenish or yellowish sometimes with bronze blush on exposed cheek, more or less covered with russet patches or netted veins of russet. Dots large and small, scattering, usually russet, irregular. Calyx tube short, wide, broadly conical to nearly urnshape. Stamens median to basal. Core above medium to below, abaxile; cells usually open, symmetrical but not uniformly developed; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels broadly ovate, very slightly emarginate, sometimes tufted. Seeds moderately light brown, rather large, wide, flat, acute. Flesh greenish-white or yellowish, firm, rather coarse, tender, juicy, sweet, good. Season September and October or in cold storage extending to January 1 (12). PUMPKIN SWEET. REFERENCES. I. NV. E. Farmer, 1834 (cited by 20). 2. Downing, 1845 :89 fig. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:48. 1851. 4. Mag. Hort., 20:241. 1854. 5. Elliott, 1854:152. 6. Hooper, 1857:56. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 8. Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 9. Warder, 1867:527. 10. Barry, 1883 :3309. 11. Thomas, 1885:216. 12. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 14. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893 :133. 15. Mil- ler, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 18094. 16. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895 :108. 17. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:53. 1903. 18. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :155. fg. 19. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:139. 1904. 20. Ragan Us Seebe alin Bile 50: 2446 OOS: Synonyms. Lyman’s Large Yellow (20). LyMAN’s PUMPKIN SWEET (2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 11). Lyman’s Pumpkin Sweet (5, 14, 17, 19, 20). Pound 172 THE Apples OF NEw York. Sweet (9, Il, 12, 14, 17, 18, 19), PUMPKIN SWEET (1, 4 5; 7;ie eee, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20). Pumpkin Sweet (10, 11). Pumpkin Sweeting (20). Rhode Island Sweet (20). Round Sweet (20). Sweet Lyman’s Pumpkin (20). Vermont Pumpkin Sweet (10, 20). Vermont Sweet (20). Yankee Apple (5, 20). Fruit large to very large, marbled with light and dark green and streaked over the base with whitish scarf-skin; well colored specimens eventually become quite yellow and sometimes are faintly bronzed on the exposed cheek. It is never marked with red, nor is it russeted except about the cavity. So far as we know all other varieties which have been cultivated under the name Pumpkin Sweet are either russeted or marked with red. This is the variety generally known in Central and Western New York as Pound Sweet, and it commonly appears under this name in market quotations. By many it is esteemed as one of the best sweet apples of its season for baking and for canning or stewing with quinces, but generally it is not valued for dessert because it is rather coarse and has a peculiar flavor. It often sells well in local or special markets, and there is a limited demand for it in the gen- eral trade. Its keeping qualities differ greatly in different locali- ties and in different seasons. As grown in Western New York it comes in season early in October. The rate of loss in ordinary storage is usually high during the fall, and the season closes in December or early January, although in some years a considerable portion of the fruit may remain sound till midwinter or later (19). The tree is a good strong grower, rather long-lived, fairly hardy and generally healthy, but it sometimes suffers from winter injury, sunscald and canker. It appears to thrive particularly well on well fertilized gravelly or sandy loam, with well drained subsoil. Under right conditions it is a pretty reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially. The crop ripens somewhat unevenly and often there is a considerable loss from water-cored fruit and from wind- falls, but on the other hand there is a small percentage of loss in undersized or deformed apples. In order to lessen the loss from windfalls it is well to plant this variety in a location that is shel- tered from prevailing winds. PUMPKIN SWEET - — ey i THe AppLes OF NEw York. 173 Historical. Originated in the orchard of S. Lyman, Manchester, Conn. (9). It has been distributed throughout this state for more than fifty years, but nowhere has it been largely planted. Generally speaking it is not grown so extensively now as it was formerly, but in a few localities its cultivation for commercial purposes is increasing somewhat. TREE. Tree medium to large, vigorous, with long, moderately stout branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs medium to short, straight or nearly so, stout to moderately slender; internodes short to medium. Bark reddish olive-green varying to brownish-red, uniformly mottled with thin scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels scattering, rather inconspicuous, small, roundish, not raised. Buds medium or below, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit large to very large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form globular to roundish conic, sometimes irregularly elliptical or prominently ribbed. Stem very short, stout, often inserted under a lip or having itself a fleshy protuberance. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to moderately wide, often somewhat furrowed or lipped, sometimes russeted and with outspreading russet. Calya+ medium to rather large, open; lobes often separated at the base, short, broad, acute. Basin small to medium in size, moderately shallow to rather deep, narrow to moderately wide, abrupt to somewhat obtuse, often slightly furrowed or wrinkled. Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, at first green but eventually clear yellow marbled with greenish-yellow. Stripes of whitish scarf-skin radiate from the cavity. Well colored specimens occasionally show a brownish-red blush but never a distinct red color. Dots conspicuous, whitish, often areolar with russet center. Calyx tube rather wide, conical or elongated cone-shape or sometimes slightly funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. Core medium to rather large, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or somewhat open, not uniformly developed; core lines clasping. Carpels thin, broadly roundish, but slightly emarginate if at all, often tufted. Seeds medium to rather small, wide, plump, acute, light brown, tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow firm, medium in texture, crispness and juiciness, decidedly sweet with a peculiar flavor; good for culinary use and especially esteemed for baking. Season October to January. McCarty is identical with Pumpkin Sweet in general charac- ters and is sold as Pumpkin Sweet, but it appears to differ enough from the type in certain characteristics to entitle it to recognition as a distinct strain. As compared with typical Pumpkin Sweet the fruit of McCarty averages smaller, is not so yellow and keeps longer. B. J. Case, Sodus, N. Y., who grows McCarty commer- 174 THe Apples oF NEw York. cially, reports: “The tree does not produce any water-cored fruit except when the crop is light. It appears to be fully as productive as Pumpkin Sweet. In common storage it is not unusual to keep McCarty later than January. In quality it is not so good as Pump- kin Sweet. The origin of this type is unknown.” (I) QUINCE (of Col). REFERENCES. 1. Cole, 1849:99. fig. 2. Downing, 1857:130. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 27:71. 1861. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1862. 5. Warder, 1867 :645. fig. 6. Downing, 1869:319. 7. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bui., 143 :201. 1897. 8. Budd-Hansen, 1903:156. fig. g. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. J. Bul., 48:53. 1903. 10. Ragan, Jb., 56:246. 1905. SyNnonyMS. COoLE’S QUINCE (1, 2, 4). Cole’s Quince (3, 5, 6, I0). QUINCE (3, 5,6). Quince (Cole) (10). Quince Cole (7, 8,9). Turn Off Lane (10). This is a very good variety for home use and is considered by some New York fruit growers fairly profitable in commercial orchards. The fruit is large, angular, yellow with white aromatic subacid flesh of very good quality; in season in late summer and early autumn. Commercial limit in cold storage, November I (9). The tree is of good medium size, spreading, a good grower, very hardy, comes into bearing moderately young, and is a reliable cropper. It is not extensively cultivated in New York. Historical. Originated at Cornish, Me., from whence it was disseminated about fifty years ago (1). FRuIT. Fruit. Cole gave the following description of this fruit in 1849 (1): “Fruit large to very large; flattish-conical; ribbed; bright yellow, seldom a brown cheek, stem short, in a deep cavity; calyx large, in a deep basin; flesh when first ripe, firm, juicy, pleasant acid, and first-rate for cooking. When very mellow, remarkably tender, of a mild, rich, high quince flavor and aroma. When in perfection we have never seen its superior. July to September.” (11) QUINCE (ef Coxe). REFERENCES. 1. M’Mahon, Am. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817 :138. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:132.. 4. Cole, 1849:115. 5. Thomas, 1849:158. 6. Downing, 1857:181. 7. Horticulturist, 23:146. 1868. fig. 8. Downing, 1869 :319. g. Fitz, 1872:153. 10. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 11. Ragan, U. S.-B: P12 Bul.,, 562246. 1005. Synonyms. Pear Apple (8, 11). QuINcE (1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10). Quince Apple (11). Quince (Coxe) (11). Quince or Coxe (4, 7). Quince of Coxe (11). Seneca Favorite (10). Seneca Spice (11, ?8). Tue AppLes oF NEw York. 175 A variety which is distinct from the Quince of Cole was described by Coxe in 1817. According to Downing, it is in appear- ance much like a large Yellow Newtown, and the young wood is of a different shade of color from that of the Quince of Cole, being dull reddish-brown instead of clear reddish-brown, with buds small, reddish and pointed, instead of short, abrupt and prominent. The following is the description of the fruit given by Coxe (2): “ The size of the apple is large; the shape flat; the skin, when fully ripe, is yellow; the flesh rich, yellow and juicy —in appearance it somewhat resembles a large yellow Newtown Pippin. It came originally from the state of New York; ripens in November.” This variety is unknown to us, and we have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. RAMSDELL SWEET, REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 4:47. 1838. 2. Manning and Ives, 1844:41. 3. Downing, 1845:137. 4. Mag. Hort., 12:475. 1846. 5. Thomas, 1849:161. 65) Cole 1849::118)) 75) Emmons, Nat Hasis N. VY, 3:76, 185i. 85) Blot 1854 :131. 9. Hooper, 1857:74. 10. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 11. Warder, 1867 :664. fig. 12. Downing, 1869:163. 13. Fitz, 1872:121, 145. 14. Leroy, 1873-605. fig. 15. Barry, 1883:352. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 18. Burrill and McCluer, J/I. Sta. Bul., 45:337. 1896. 19. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. 20. Budd-Hansen, 1903:159. fig. Synonyms. Avery Sweet (12, 14). Avery Sweeting (8). ENGLISH SWEET (12, 18). English Sweet (14, 15, 16, 20). ENGLISH SWEETING (4, 8). Hurlbut (14). Hurlbut Sweet (12). RAmSDALE’s SWEETING (9). RAMSDELL (14, 19). RAMSDELL’s RED (11). Ramsdell Red Sweet (18). RAMSDELL’S RED SWEETING (1). RAMSDELL SwEET (10, 15, 16, 17, 20). Ramsdell Sweet (3, 8, 12). RAmSpELL’s SwEETING (3, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13). Ramsdell’s Sweeting (8, 14). RAmspEL’s RED PuMPKIN Sweet (2). Rams- del’s Red Pumpkin Sweet (3, 5, 7, 8, 12). Randall’s Red Winter (12, 14). Red Pumpkin Sweet (3, 8, 12). Red Pumpkin Sweeting (9). Reindell’s Large (14). This is an attractive red apple of good size and very good qual- ity, in season from midautumn to midwinter. The tree is a pretty good grower and an early bearer, yielding some fruit annu- ally or nearly annually, but in many cases it is not satisfactorily productive and the fruit is not very uniform in size and quality, so that there is a considerable loss from unmarketable fruit. Not recommended for commercial planting in New York. 176 THE Apples oF NEw York. Historical. This variety was first brought to notice by being exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society by the Rev. H. S. Ramsdell, Thompson, Conn., and was named Ramsdell’s Red Sweeting in compliment to him (1). Downing described it in 1845 (3) under the name Ramsdell’s Sweetirg, but in the 1869 edition (12) it was described under the name English Sweet, the name previously recognized by Elliott (8) but upon what authority we have been unable to learn. In 1862 (10) it was entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society under the name Ramsdell Sweet which name has been retained in that catalogue up to the present time. It is also commonly catalogued by nurserymen under the name Ramsdell or Ramsdell Sweet (17). TREE. Tree medium size, vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form upright, open. Twigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown, streaked with heavy scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels scat- tering, small to medium, oval, raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit above medium, sometimes nearly large, somewhat variable in size, fairly uniform in shape. Form oblong conic to roundish conic, often some- what elliptical and faintly ribbed. Stem short to medium in length, mod- erately slender, often red. Cavity acuminate, deep, rather broad, quite symmetrical, often with some stellate russet. Calyx small to medium, closed or slightly open; lobes narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin rather small, sometimes oblique, medium to rather deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt, faintly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, rather tough, smooth, yellow nearly overspread with attractive dark red, or entirely red with obscure splashes and stripes of carmine, over- spread with blue bloom. Dots many, distinct, conspicuous, small to rather large, pale yellow or grayish, often submerged. Prevailing effect red, at- tractive. Calyx tube rather large, long, cylindrical to narrow funnel-shape.. Stamens median. Core small to medium, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical but not uniformly developed, closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Car- fels ovate to nearly roundish. Seeds below medium, rather narrow, plump, acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, fine, tender, juicy, very sweet, good to very good. Season October to February. RASPBERRY, REFERENCES. I. Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:435. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:90. 3. Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:11. 4. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:77. 5. U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1891:390. 6.*Thomas, 1897 :252. fig. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1899:19. 8. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:80. 1902. fig. g. Budd-Hansen, 1903:159. fig. Tue Apples oF NEw York. 177 SYNONYMS. MALINOWSKOE (1, 2). Malinowskoe (3). No. 288 (3, 5, 8). RASPBERRY (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). Raspberry (1, 2). Red Cheek (6). A Russian apple, small, fine dark red, sprightly subacid; season July and August. Hansen states (8, 9) that it is exceedingly productive and a good substitute for Red June where that variety winter-kills. RED AND GREEN SWEET. REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:162. 2. Thacher, 1822:129. 3. Kenrick, 1832: 38. 4. Thomas, 1849:135. 5. Elliott, 1854:176. 6. Downing, 1857 :221. 7. Hooper, 1857:78. 8. Warder, 1867:729. 9. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. Synonyms. Large Red Sweeting (5). Larce RED AND GREEN SWEET- ING (2). Prince’s LArcGE RED AND GREEN SWEETING (1). Prince’s Large Red and Green Sweeting (3). Prince’s Red and Green Sweet (5). Red Bough (5). Rep AND GREEN SWEET (4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). RED AND GREEN SWEET- ING (3). Saille Sweet (9). Virginia Sweet (9). This is a very large green apple, striped with red, rather attractive when well colored. It does not rank very high in flavor or quality but is suitable for baking. Season August and September. The fruit does not last long after it becomes ripe. The tree is medium to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous, long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding heavy crops annually. Although some find it a profitable apple to grow for local market it is not worthy of being recommended for general planting. Historical. This is an old variety which was described by Coxe (1). It was formerly grown to a comparatively limited extent in some portions of New York and in adjoining states. Occasionally a tree of it is still found in some of the oldest orchards of the state but it is fast going out of cultivation. TREE. Tree large. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark brown mingled with olive-green, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds large, rather prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large to very large. Form oblong conic, rather strongly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem short to medium, moderately slender. Cavity nearly acuminate, deep, broad, furrowed, sometimes lipped, sometimes thinly rus- seted. Calyx closed or partly open; lobes moderately long, narrow, acute. Basin medium in depth to rather deep, medium in width to rather narrow, wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, green changing to yellow, more or less blushed and partly overspread with pinkish-red irregularly striped and splashed with rather bright carmine. Dots conspicuous, numerous, large and scattering toward the cavity, small and very numerous toward the calyx. Calyx tube long, funnel-shape. VoL. I —16 178 Tue AppLes or New York. Core rather large; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels nearly round- ish, tufted. Seeds rather small, plump, acute. Flesh white, fine, very tender, moderately juicy, of pleasant sweet flavor and fair to good quality. Season August and September. RED ASTRACHAN, REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Trans., 4:522 (cited by 2). 2. For- syth, 1824:131. 3. Pom. Mag., 1830:No. 123, col. pl. 4. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 31. 5. Kenrick, 1832:90. 6. Floy-Lindley, 1833:4. 7. Ken- rick, 1835:58. 8. Mag. Hort., 1:391. 1835. 9. Manning, 1838:50. to. /b., Mag. Hort., 7:48. 1841. 11. Downing, 1845:75. fig. 12. Horticulturist, I:146. 1846. 13. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:15. 1848. fig. 14. Cole, 1849 :08. fig. 15. Goodrich, 1849:49. 16. Thomas, 1849:143. 17. Waring, 1851 :29. 18, Barry, 1851-270. 19. Emmons, Nat Hist No Ye sa pieeeosieecalmyL: INO: 53: “20:7 Hlovey, 1235. I850- col, pl, andi en aot Vids sam Gilat asics Trans., 1852:103. col. pl. 22. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 23. Horticulturist, 7:437. 1852. 24. Elliott, 1854:103. fig. 25. Horticulturist, 10:443. 1855. fig. 26. Hooper, 1857:13, 77. 27. Gregg, 1857:38. fg. 28. Mag. Hort., 30:162. 1864. 29. Ib., 32:17, 51. 1866. 30. Warder, 1867:456. fig. 31. Downing, 1869 :323. fig. 32. Todd, 1871:210. fig. 33. Fitz, 1872:143, 160, 172. 34. Leroy, 1873:82. fig. 35. Hatch, Horticuliumst, 29:51. 1074-30: Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:8. 37. Hogg, 1884:185. 38. Wickson, 1889: 243. 39. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 40. Can. Hort., 14:261. 1891. 41. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:234, 247. 42. Am. Gard., 15:404. 18094. fig. 43. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:10. 1895. fig. 44. Burrill and McCluer, Jill. Sta. Bul., 45:337. 1896. 45. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:31. 1897. 46. Bunyard, sour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:354. 47. Craig, Cyc. of Am. Hort., 1901:1404. 48. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:305. I901. 49. Can. Hort: 25 3305. 1902; gs, 50. Elansen, S; 9) Stas DU). OE GOmmELOU2 En he Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bul., 182:21. 1903. 52. Budd-Hansen, 1903:160. fig. Synonyms. Abe Lincoln (31, 32, 34, 48). AMERICAN’ RED (4, 46). An- glesea Pippin (37). ASTRACAN RouUGE (34). ASTRACHAN (23). ASTRACHAN Rep (2, 18). Astrachan Rouge (31). Astrakhan Rouge (32). Deterding’s Early (31, 32). Hamper’s American (37). Rep Astracan (6, 7, 8, 9, Io, 19). RED ASTRACHAN (1, 3) 5; Il, 12, 13) 14, 15; 10,17) Zone Ie omoneeL mes 27, 28, 20, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52). Red Astrachan (34). Rep ASTRAKHAN (32). Rother Astrakhan (31, 32). Vermillon d’Ete (31, 32, 34). Waterloo (37). This is a very beautiful early summer apple of good medium size, yellow, largely covered with light and dark red, presenting a striped appearance, and overspread with bluish bloom. It is gen- erally well known throughout the state, being valued particularly for home use. It is fit for culinary purposes before it becomes fully ripe, so that for home use it is in season from late July to RED ASTRACHAN 22 THe APPLES OF NEW York. 179 September. When fully ripe and mellow it is desirable for dessert use. The tree is of medium size, a good grower, moderately long- lived, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding moderate to good crops biennially or sometimes annually. The fruit hangs to the tree pretty well till it is fully ripe, but as the crop matures unevenly there is apt to be considerable loss from the dropping of the fruit unless several pickings are made. It is not very uniform in size, and a considerable amount of it is small or otherwise unmarketable. It is very perishable, and on this account not well adapted for shipping to distant markets. It is very common in local markets, but often the supply so much ex- ceeds the demand that prices are consequently low. Historical. Hogg states that Red Astrachan was imported from Sweden into England in 1816 but Lindley (6) states that “ This very beautiful apple was imported from Sweden, and first fruited by William Atkinson, Esq., of Grove End, Paddington, in 1816.” It was one of the first of the Russian apples imported into America. It was received by the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society from the London (Eng.) Horticultural So- ciety about 1835 but this was not the first importation for fruit of Red Astrachan was included in one of the exhibitions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1835 (8). It has become generally disseminated throughout the apple-growing districts of the continent and is commonly listed from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada to the Gulf states. TREE. Tree medium to rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form up- right spreading to roundish, rather dense. Twigs medium to long, curved, stout to rather slender; internodes long. Bark clear brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent near the tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium in size, plump, obtuse to acute, free, pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium to sometimes large, not very uniform in size or shape. Form roundish to roundish oblate, inclined to conical, somewhat ribbed; sides a little unequal. Stem medium, rather slender, bracted. Cavity acute to sometimes obtuse, medium to deep, moderately broad, often thinly rus- seted with greenish russet, usually symmetrical, sometimes lipped. Calyx medium to rather large, open or closed; lobes rather long, moderately broad. Basin shallow, narrow to medium in width, obtuse, wrinkled. Skin rather thin, moderately tender, smooth, pale yellow or greenish often nearly or quite overspread with light and dark red splashed and irreg- ularly striped with deep crimson or carmine and covered with rather heavy distinct bluish bloom. Dots numerous, small, whitish. 180 THE Apples oF NEw York. Calyx tube long, funnel-form. Stamens median to marginal. Core small, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or somewhat open; core lines clasping or sometimes nearly meeting. Carpels broadly ovate or obovate, slightly tufted. Seeds small, moderately wide, plump, obtuse. Flesh white often strongly tinged with red, rather fine, crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, aromatic, sometimes slightly astringent, good to very good. Season late July to September. RED GRAVENSTEIN. REFERENCES. 1. Leroy, 1873:339. fig. 2. Can. Hort., 16:362. 1893. 3. Lucas, Ed., Jil. Handb. der Obstk., 1893 :250. SYNONYMS. GRAVENSTEIN RouGE (1). RED GRAVENSTEIN (2, 3). Rother Gravensteiner (1). Bud sports of the Gravenstein have appeared at different times which bear red fruit. For a statement concerning such sports the reader is referred to Gravenstein, page 84. - RED HOOK. This is a large, late summer or early autumn apple which is being grown commercially to a limited extent in the vicinity of Red Hook, Dutchess county, N. Y. W. S. Teator, of Upper Red Hook, who furnished us with the fruit from which the following description was made, states that the variety originated in his locality and has been known under the name of Red Ox or Striped Ox. As the name Striped Ox has been applied to other varieties he proposes the name Red Hook for this apple. The tree is large, low branching and an annual cropper yielding heavy crops. The fruit is firm, smooth, bright, attractive, quite free from the attacks of fungi and good for culinary use but when overripe it becomes dry and worthless. It stands shipment well and is one of the earliest fruits of that locality that can be shipped to Europe. FRuIt. Fruit large to very large. Form roundish to roundish conic, somewhat elliptical, symmetrical, sometimes faintly ribbed. Siem short, thick to rather slender. Cavity acuminate, deep, broad, gently furrowed, smooth or partly russeted. Calyx medium to rather small, partly closed; lobes broad, obtuse to acute. Basin rather small, moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, abrupt. Skin tough, attractive pale yellow, rather thinly mottled and blushed with lively red, and sparingly striped and splashed with bright carmine. Dots rather small, numerous, whitish or with russet center. Calyx tube elongated funnel-shape approaching conical. Stamens median. Core medium or below, axile or nearly so; cells pretty symmetrical, closed; core lines clasping the cylinder. Carpels broadly roundish. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, irregular, obtuse. Flesh firm, coarse, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid, good. Season late summer or early autumn. SNA G3aY THE Apples OF NEw York. I8I RED JUNE. REFERENCES. 1. Humrickhouse, Mag. Hort., 14:389. 1848. fig. 2. Phcenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 3. Barry, 1851:280. 4. Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1856. 6. Horticulturist, 12:473. 1857. 7. Downing, 1857:127. 8. Gregg, 1857:35. 9. Hooper, 1857:23. 10. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 27:68. 1861. fig. 11. Warder, 1867:666. fig. 12. Downing, 1869:118. fig. 13. [b., 1872:10 index, app. 14. Fitz, 1872:151. 15. Thomas, 1875:190. 16. Wickson, 1889:242. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890: 296. 18. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1891. 19. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 20. Ib., 1892:247. 21. Clayton, Ala. Sta. Bul., 47:5. 1803. 22. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:248. 1804. 23. Stinson, Ark. Sta. Rpt., 1894:44. 24. Massey, N. C. Sta. Bul., 149:316. 1898. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903:162. fig. 26. Bruner, NV. C. Sta. Bul., 182:21. 1903. 27. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. Synonyms. Blush June (12, 15, 23). Blushed June (7, 10). CAROLINA June (4, 5, 6). Carolina Red (14). Carotina RED JUNE (2, 3, 7, 8, 9, I0, II, I2, 15, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24). Georgia June (12). Jones Early Harvest (13). JuNE (1). Knight's Red June (12). Rep June (13, 17, 18, 20, 21, 27). Red June (7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 23). Rep JUNEATING (14). RED June, Carolina (25, 26). Susy Clark (13). Wailson’s June (12). An attractive little apple, deep red over yellow, tender, brisk subacid, very good. The tree is a moderate grower, a pretty reli- able bearer, and commonly yields good crops. Some find it profit- able because it is handsome and takes well in some markets. The crop ripens so unevenly that it should have two or three pickings in order to secure the fruit in good condition. The variety is more popular South and West than it is in New York Historical. This is a southern apple which is supposed to have originated in North Carolina. It has long been known in cultivation and is commonly listed by nurserymen, but it has not been planted to any considerable extent in New York. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form at first upright but becoming spreading or roundish. wigs very short, straight, slender; internodes medium size. Bark dull brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, ob- long, not raised. Buds small, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit small or below medium, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish ovate or a little inclined to oblong, rather regular; sides usually unequal. Stem variable, usually long, slender. Cavity small, acuminate to acute, shallow to medium in depth, narrow, slightly symmetrical, sometimes com- pressed, russeted but slightly if at all. Calyx medium to large, leafy, closed 182 THe ApplLes OF NEW York. or sometimes a little open; lobes long, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin small, shallow, narrow, rather obtuse, smooth or wavy. Skin thin, tender, smooth, glossy, pale yellow or greenish, nearly over- spread with deep purplish-red approaching blackish-purple on the exposed cheek; some specimens are entirely red. Dots rather numerous, very small, inconspicuous, light. Calyx tube short, moderately wide, conical to funnel-form. Stamens median to marginal. Core large, axile to somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or some- times closed; core lines slightly clasping or meeting. Carpels broadly ovate to elliptical. Seeds rather dark brown, numerous, small to medium, plump, acute. Flesh white, fine, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, good to very good. Season late July to early winter. StripED Rep June. A variety has found its way into cultiva- tion which appears in all respects identical with the Red June except that the fruit is striped. It is supposed to be either a seed- ling of the Red June or a sport of that variety (11, 12). RED TRANSPARENT, REFERENCES. 1. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:437. 2. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bui., 1885:13. 3. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Kpt, 3888572002 eee Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1890:18. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 6. Beach, N.Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1804. 7. Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:81. 1800. Synonyms. No. 333 (1, 2, 3, 4). REp TRANSPARENT (293 C45 Oe Red Transparent (1). Skvosnoi krasnoi (2). Skwosnot Krasnor (1). A Russian variety of little value where Primate can be grown. Fruit medium size with pale skin nearly covered with red and overspread with delicate bloom. Basin irregularly wrinkled; calyx prominent, closed; flesh greenish-white, not very crisp; water-cores badly; season late July and early August (6). RED WINE. REFERENCES. I. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:54. 1881. 2. Gibb, Ib., 9:95. 1883. 3. Ib., Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:439. 4. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:14. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 6. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soe Rp, 1892257. 7. Hansen, S, 2. Sia, Bull 76:02ustGo2 om stad— Hansen, 1903 :163. Synonyms. No. 343 (2, 4, 7). Rep WINE (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Red Wine (1, 2, 3). Rother Weinapfel (7). Rotherwein appel (4). Vinnoe Krasnoe Osennee (4). WEINAPFEL RoTHER (2). WEINAPFEL ROTHER (3). WEIN- APPEL ROTHER (1). A Russian apple of the Lowland Raspberry type (7, 8). Fruit medium, waxen-white almost completely covered with bright red. Flesh white, tender, subacid, good. Season August and September. So far as we know this variety has not been tested in New York. Tue Apples oF NEw York. 183 REED; REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :329. Synonyms. None. A local variety which according to Downing originated with George Reed, Leedsville, Dutchess county, N. Y. Fruit medium, whitish shaded and mottled with light and dark red; flesh white, a little stained next the skin, pleasant subacid, good; season November. We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents. REPICA: REFERENCES. I. Barry, 1883:334. 2. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :79. 3. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:57. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1804. Synonyms. No. 139 (2, 3). REPKA (1, 2, 3, 4,5). Riepka (3). A medium sized yellow apple of good quality in season in August and early September; inferior to Primate both in appearance and quality. The tree comes into bearing moderately early and is an annual cropper yielding fair to good crops. Not recommended for planting in New York. This is distinct from either Repka Aport, Repka Sweet or Repka Malenka. Historical. Origin Russia. Received in 1884 from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for testing at this Station. It has been but little dissemi- nated in New York. TREE. Tree rather small; not a vigorous grower. Form spreading or roundish. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark brown or reddish-brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin. Lenti- cels scattering, medium to small, round, slightly raised. Buds large, promi- nent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium or below. Form roundish oblate inclined to conic, regular ; sides unequal. Stem rather short, moderately slender. Cavity acute, medium in depth to deep, rather wide, heavily russeted and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx rather small, closed. Basin moderately deep, wide, somewhat abrupt, usually furrowed or wrinkled. Skin moderately thin, tough, clear pale yellow or whitish. Dots small, white, pale and submerged or russet. Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form. Core small: cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish. Seeds medium size, wide, flat, obtuse. Flesh white, rather firm, fine, juicy, crisp, rather mild subacid, good. Season August and September. -- ee 3 184 | Tue AppLes oF NEw York. RIBSTON. REFERENCES. 1. Forsyth, 1803:52. 2. Diel, 11:93. 1813. 3. Coxe, 1817: 125. fig. 4 Forsyth, 1824:124. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1828:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:130. 7. Pom. Mag., 3:No. 141. 1830. col. pl. 8. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:32. 9. Ronalds, 1831:54. 10. Kenrick, 1832752: 11. Floy-Lindley, 1833:59. 12. Manning, 1838:54. 13. Manning, Mag. Hort., 7:49. 1841. 14. Russell, [b., 10:403. 1844. 15. Downing, 1845:131. 16. Downing, Horticulturist, 2:416. 1847. 17. Ib., 3:421. 1848. 18. Thomas, 1849:152. 19. Cole, 1849:126. 20. Horticulturist, 6:16, 292. 1851. 21. Em- mons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:75. 1851. 22. Elliott, 18§4:155. 23. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 24. Mag. Hort., 21:62. 1855. 25. Hooper, 1857:80. 26. Oberdieck, Jl]. Handb. Obst., 1:353. 1858. 27. Mag. Hort., 26:116. 1860. 28. Warder, 1867:612. 29. Regel, 1868:463. 30. Berghuis, 1868:No. 3. col. pl. 31. Mas, LeVerger, 1868:99. 32. Leroy, 1873:750. figs. 33. Lauche, 1:No. 25. 1882. col. pl. 34. Barry, 1883 :353. 35. Hogg, 1884:194. 36. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 37. Hick, Can. Hort., 15:157. 1892. 38. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 39. Bredsted, 1893:137. 40. Gaucher, 1894: No. 19. col. pl. 41. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898:355. 42. Can. Hort., 22:510. 1899. 43. Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:224. 44. Waugh, Rural N. Y., 61:285, 286. 1902. fig. 45. Budd-Hansen, 1903:165. fig. 46. Beach and (Clark Ni. Sida Dl 240c04 ten LOOM Synonyms. Beautiful Pippin (25). Englische Granat-Reinette (40). Essex Pippin (40). Formosa (25). Formosa Pippin (7, 10, 15, 22, 32, 40). Glory of York (10, 15, 22, 25, 32, 35, 40, of some 7). Granat-Reinette (40). Nonpareille (40). Pepin Ribston (40). Reinette Grenade Anglaise (40). Reinette de Traver (32). Risston (2, 8, 9, II, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 20, 30, 31, 33, 36; 37, 30, 42,43, 44, 45). Risston Previn (4,3, 4) Sr 70 ese 16, 17, 18, 10, 21, 22, 25, 28, 32, 34, 35, 38, 41, 44). Ribston Pippin (45, 46). Rrsston Peppine (40). Ribston’s Pepping (40). Ribstone (32). RiIBSTONE Pippin (6, 12). RipGE (46 by error). Rockhill’s Russet (32). Travers (15, 22, 25, 32). Travers Apple (7, 10, 40). Travers Peppin (40). Travers Pippin (35). Travers Reinette (40). Ribston evidently belongs in the same group as Hubbardston. It is much esteemed for its rich flavor and fine quality and it is desirable either for dessert or culinary uses. The fruit is pretty smooth and uniform but often it averages below medium size and is ordinary in appearance. Heat ripens it quickly and it is not considered a very good keeper. In cold storage, if properly handled before storing, it is possibly equal to Tompkins King or Hubbardston as a keeper (46). Its season in Southern New York extends from late September to November or December, and in the northern and more elevated regions from late fall to early or mid-winter and sometimes a portion of the fruit may be kept RIBSTON e Os , - A : Lye , e. y : — ae THE Apples OF NEw York. 185 till spring in ordinary storage. The tree is pretty hardy, vigorous, healthy and long-lived. It comes into bearing rather young and usually bears some fruit every year. Occasionally the crops are heavy but more often they vary from moderate to rather light. Generally speaking, it is hardly satisfactory as a cropper and Hubbardston is much to be preferred for planting in commercial orchards in New York. Historical. Ribston originated more than two hundred years ago in York- shire, England (1, 7). In that country it has long been considered the standard of excellence among dessert apples. It has long been known in cultivation in America but has not gained the standing here that it holds in England. It is not grown to any considerable extent in New York but suc- ceeds better farther north, as in portions of Northern New England and of Canada, where it is of some commercial importance (16, 20, 24, 44). TREE. Tree medium in size or sometimes rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous with rather stout, stocky branches. Form rather upright and spreading or roundish, not very regular. Twigs medium to rather long, rather slender to moderately stout; internodes medium to long. Bark bright dark reddish-brown and olive-green, somewhat mottled with grayish scarf-skin. Lenticels conspicuous, scattering, small to medium, elongated or roundish. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, nearly free, very pubescent. Foliage rather dense; leaves broad. FRUIT. Fruit medium or above, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish, rather broad and flattened at the base, narrowing somewhat toward the basin, occasionally a little inclined to roundish oblong, often broadly and obscurely ribbed. Stem pubescent, medium to short, occasionally moderately slender, more often rather thick, sometimes irregularly swollen or inserted under a lip. Cavity rather large, acute, moderately shallow to rather deep, wide to moderately narrow, sometimes furrowed or compressed, occasionally smooth and green but often faintly russeted and with some outspreading russet. Calyx variable, small to rather large, closed or partly open; lobes sometimes separated at the base, erect or converging, tips usually somewhat reflexed. Basin small to medium, shallow to moderately deep, moderately narrow, more or less abrupt or occasionally obtuse, often slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin smooth or slightly roughened with russet, deep yellow or greenish- yellow more or less overspread with rather dull red which in highly colored specimens deepens to a distinct red with some obscure carmine stripes and splashes. Dots scattering, conspicuous toward the base, more numerous and smaller toward the basin, pale, sometimes whitish, often areolar with russet center. Prevailing effect sometimes rather attractive but more often the colors are rather dull, 186 THe Appies oF NEw York. Calyx tube rather wide, cone-shape or sometimes funnel-form. Stamens basal. Core below medium to small, axile or with a narrow hollow cylinder at the axis; cells pretty regular, closed; core lines clasping to nearly meet- ing. Carpels roundish to nearly elliptical, emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds variable, some abortive, usually but few are plump, light and dark brown, rather large, moderately narrow to wide, medium to long, obtuse or some- times approaching acute, sometimes slightly tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, very crisp, medium in texture, juicy, pleasantly aromatic, rich, sprightly subacid, very good. Season late September to December or later. RICHARD GRAFT, REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 18:492. 1852. 2. Downing, 1857:1o1. fig. 3. Warder, 1867:457. fig. 4. Thomas, 1875:204. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:14. 6. Barry, 1883:340. 7. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1888. 8. Hendricks, Rural N. Y., 47:759, 811. 1888. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 10. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :166. Synonyms. Derrick and Ann (8). Derrick’s Graft (2, 4). Red Spitzen- berg (3). Red Spitzenburgh (2, 4, 6). RicHARD (1). RICHARD GRAFT (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). Strawberry (2, 3). Wine (2, 3). This is a very fine fall apple of superior dessert quality. It begins to ripen during late August or early September; the crop ripens in succession during a period of several weeks, and some portion of the fruit may be kept till late autumn. Several pickings are required in order to secure the fruit in prime con- dition. The tree is upright, of medium size, moderately vigorous, long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially. It is an excellent variety for home use and is being grown to a limited extent in commercial orchards with profit. Historical. This variety was originated at Greenport, Columbia county, N. Y., by Richard Delamatter. It was introduced about 1860 by E. G. Studley, a nurseryman of Claverack, Columbia county, N. Y. Its cultiva- tion is being extended somewhat in Columbia county, but as yet it is but little known outside of the Hudson valley. TREE. Tree of medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright or roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, acute to obtuse, free, pubescent. THe Apples oF NEw York. 187 Fruit (2, 8). Fruit medium size. Form roundish oblate. Stem of medium length, slender. Cavity large. Calyx small, closed. Basin medium size. Skin yellow, nearly covered with stripes and splashes of deep red. Flesh yellowish, very tender, juicy, aromatic, subacid, very good. Season September. ROEPE. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1857:167. 2. Warder, 1867:725. 3. Thomas, 1875:505. 4. Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1876:149. 5. Jb., 1885:135, 138. 6. JD., 1888 :120. fig. 7. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:294. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893 :133. 10. Jb., 1896:71, 81. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:14. 12. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:90, 92. 13. Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1902:49, 50. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :166. Synonyms. Macomeser (1, 2, 3, 7). Macomber (4, 9, 14). Ro.LFe (4, 5, (Oy tS, @, HG), Wi, WA, Wey 441). Fruit medium to large, of good quality and rather attractive for a yel- lowish apple. It is in season from late September to December or January. The tree is very hardy, vigorous and a reliable cropper. At the present time it is probably grown more extensively in Maine than in any other section of the country. It is there regarded highly wherever it is known and is gaining in popularity among fruit growers (1, 6, Io, 12). It is worthy of testing in those portions of the state where superior hardiness in a variety is a matter of prime importance. Historical. Originated in the town of Guilford, Maine, about 1820. Said to be a seedling of the Blue Pearmain. It has, as yet, been disseminated but sparingly in this state and is but little known among New York fruit growers. TREE. Tree rather large, vigorous. Form roundish to spreading and drooping, rather dense; laterals slender, willowy. wigs rather long, irregularly crooked, slender to moderately stout; internodes long to below medium. Bark brown to reddish-brown with an occasional tinge of olive-green, over- laid with scarf-skin, pubescent near tips. Lenticels moderately numerous, of a dull color but rather conspicuous, medium or above, roundish, not raised. Buds very deeply set in bark, medium in size, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to sometimes large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish to roundish oblate, regular or somewhat angular, symmetrical. Stem short to medium and rather slender. Cavity acute to slightly acuminate, moderately deep, rather wide, sometimes slightly furrowed or compressed. Calyx small to above medium, closed; lobes short to moderately long, rather wide, acute. Basin below medium to rather large, pretty regular, shallow to moderately deep, narrow to rather wide, a little abrupt, slightly wrinkled. Skin moderately thin, rather tough, glossy, clear pale yellow, sometimes faintly blushed or in well colored specimens distinctly shaded and striped with lively red. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, small. Prevailing effect yellow or yellow and red. 188 THE AppLes oF NEw York. Calyx tube rather narrow, short, funnel-shape. Stamens median. Core variable, below medium to large, abaxile; cells usually symmetrical, wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels often markedly concave, broadly ovate, emarginate, tufted. Seeds above medium, rather long and narrow, plump, acute or approaching acuminate, light brown. Flesh whitish with slight tinge of yellow, moderately fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, briskly subacid, good. Season late September to December or January. ROMAN STEM. REFERENCES. I. Coxe, 1817:132. fig. 2. Thacher, 1822:135. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831 :33. 4. Downing, 1845:131. 5. Kirtland, Horticulturist, 2:545. 1848. 6. Thomas, 1849:185. 7. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 8. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:86. 1851. g. Elliott, 1854:155. 10. Horti- culturist, 10:87. 1855. 11. Hooper, 1857:81. 12. Mag. Hort., 24:110. 1858. 13. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 14. Warder, 1867:579. fig. 15. Barry, 1883: 354. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:248. 18. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:94. 1902. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :166. 20. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:142. 1904. Synonyms. French Pippin of some (9). RomMAN SteEM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 eS) 0.10, 11 12.13, 14) 15, 16) 17,10, 19,20). Fruit about medium size, whitish-yellow, often somewhat blushed. The flesh is juicy, aromatic, subacid and very good in quality, particularly for dessert use. It is in season from midautumn to midwinter. “A good fruit but in a great measure superseded by other sorts” (15). The tree is mod- erately vigorous, spreading, irregular, very hardy and very productive. In the trying climate of the upper Mississippi valley it has proved hardier than most of the old varieties from the East and has succeeded well where the varieties of the grade of hardiness of Baldwin and Rhode Island Greening have failed. It is not well suited for commercial purposes because it is yellow, lacks good size and is not a late keeper. Historical. Coxe published the following description of Roman Stem in 1817: “This apple was first propagated in the neighbourhood of Burling- ton, New-Jersey, where the original tree is now standing. It is an excellent early winter fruit, much admired for its tender, mild, juicy and agreeable properties; the size is small, the form round, the stalk of singular appear- ance, from a fleshy protuberance of the neighboring part, resembling an aquiline nose, whence the apple derives its name—the skin is rough, the color yellow, with black clouds and spots—the tree is of handsome and vigorous growth, with long shoots, and great fruitfulness; it is in every respect deserving of extensive cultivation.” Roman Stem has been pretty widely disseminated and considerably culti- vated in various parts of the Southern, Central and Western states but it is now generally superseded by other kinds. It is but little grown in New York. Tue AppLes or NEw York. 189 ROMNA. REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:73. 2. Ib., Ia. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1883:29. 3. [b., 1885:20, 23, 29. 4. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887: 50: 5. Lyon, U. S.. Pom. Bul., 2:45. 1888. -6. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll: Bul. EOQO: 240) Jo JD. pESQ2 272) 11651105, Ja.) Sta. Buls, 182520; 18092. 9g: [b..10: HAs OO2 a LOnMLLOOps dan SiGe DUIS ehes 1S0A5) Lr Budd) Tas Sta. Bul. 31:333. 1895. x2. Beach, Paddock and Close, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:275. 1806. 13. Thomas, 1897:205. ig. 14. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 65-31. 1807. “fig. 15. Budd, Ja. Sia.. Bul, 41:69, 70, 80. 1899. 16. Troop, inde Sia wk pe. TSqoq:on, (17. Elansen, S.-: Sta. Bul. 76:04. 1002. fhe. 18. Budd-Hansen, 1903:168. 1g. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:142. 1904. Synonyms. No. rr M (1, 2,6, 7,9). No. 599 Dept. (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 17, 18). Omensk (4). ROMENSKOE (2, 4, 5,8). Romenskoe (1, 3, 17, 18). RoMNA (1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). Romnenskoe (35-4575): A Russian variety received from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vermont, in 1888 for testing at this Station. It was described in 1896 (12) as being in season that year during the last of August and the first of September. This statement was erroneous because it was incomplete. While the fruit began to come in season during the last of August and the first of September some portion of it was kept in ordinary storage till midwinter. In a subse- quent report (19) it was correctly stated that as fruited at this Station the commercial limit of this variety is early October and its season in ordinary storage extends from September to January. It is properly classed as a fall and early winter apple here. The tree is vigorous, hardy, comes into bearing rather young and yields good crops biennially. It does not appear to be worthy of the attention of fruit growers in New York except possibly where superior hardiness is a prime requisite. The fruit corre- sponds very closely with the illustrated description given by Troop (10, 16) and Waugh (14) but it varies considerably from the descriptions of Budd and Hansen (3, 6, 9, I1, 15, 17, 18) particularly in that it is usually oblate conic and is in season during the autumn and early winter instead of late winter and spring. The following is one of Budd’s descriptions of Romna (9, 11). “This succeeds best on dry soil where its roots run very deep. Fruit medium in size, conical, smooth, handsomely colored. Flesh white, firm, quite acid and best for cooking, but when matured it is much better for dessert use than Willow or Missouri Pippin or other coarse sorts found in our markets. Season, midwinter here, and late winter north of 43d parallel.” TREE. Tree moderately vigorous to vigorous; branches short, stout, curved, crooked and drooping. Form spreading, drooping, flat. Twigs short to medium, straight, moderately slender to stout, with large terminal buds; internodes medium to long. Bark brown, somewhat tinged with red, streaked with grayish scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, 190 Tue Appites oF New York. small to medium, roundish or oval, slightly raised. Buds moderately small to very large and prominent, broad, very plump, acute, free or nearly so, scarcely pubescent. FRuvITtT. Fruit medium or sometimes rather large, not very uniform in shape or size. Form usually oblate conic, irregularly elliptical or broadly and ob- scurely angular, often unsymmetrical with sides unequal. Stem medium length to short and stout, pubescent. Cavity medium to rather large, acute or sometimes nearly obtuse, medium in depth to rather deep, rather wide to narrow, somewhat furrowed, occasionally lipped, russeted and often with conspicuous outspreading russet. Calyx above medium to large, open or partly closed; lobes often separated at the base, medium in length, rather broad, acute. Basin medium to iarge, often oblique, moderately narrow to wide, sometimes compressed, abrupt, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thick, tough, smooth or partly roughened with flecks of russet; color greenish becoming yellow more or less blushed and overspread with thin bloom. Well colored specimens are covered to a considerable extent with pinkish-red, blushed and striped with bright carmine. Dots small, numerous, pale yellow or grayish, sometimes rather conspicuous. Calyx tube rather long, wide, funnel-shape. Stamens median. Core medium to small, axile or nearly so; cells closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish ovate, somewhat emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium to small, rather short, narrow, plump, obtuse to acute, rather dark brown. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, juicy, briskly subacid, slightly astringent, fair to good. Season September to January (19). RONK. REFERENCES. I. Rural N. Y., 48:279. 1880. fig. .2. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:201. 1897. 3. Farrand, Jb., 205:46. 1903. 4. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:142. 1904. Synonyms. None. Fruit of the Vandevere type, medium or above, rather dull red, pleasant subacid, good; season October to late winter. Commercial limit in ordinary storage January (4). The tree comes into bearing rather young and is moderately productive. It has not been sufficiently tested to determine its value for this state. Historical. Originated about 1860 with Mr. Ronk, Boone county, Indiana. It is supposed to be a seedling of Vandevere which it much resembles (1). ROSE RED. REFERENCES. 1. Rural N. Y., 1871 (cited by 5). 2. Downing, 1872:30 app. fig. 3. Thomas, 1875:511. 4. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890-20095: Racan, 1, S26. 0B. Bul sb 207) 1005: Synonyms. Autumn Rose (4). Rose Rep (1, 2, 3, 4, 5). THe Apples OF NEw York. I9I A variety of unknown origin. It is supposed to have originated in Egypt, Monroe county, N. Y. According to Downing (2) the tree is thrifty, a reliable cropper and very productive; the fruit medium, roundish oblate, whitish, striped and splashed with light and dark red; flesh yellowish, very tender, lively subacid, very good; in season during late September, October and November. We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents. SAFSTAHOLMS, REFERENCES. I. Regel, 1868:473. 2. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87 :81. 3. Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:46. 4. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:96. 1902. SyNonyMs. SAFSTAHOLM (2, 4). SAFSTAHOLMSAPLE (1). SAFSTAHOLMS- APPLE (3). This is an apple of fairly good red color, not particularly bright yet not unattractive. The flesh lacks piquancy and is not very juicy but because of its distinct aroma and rich subacid flavor it is classed among the good dessert apples. It is hardly acid enough for culinary use. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing young and so far as tested at this Station promises to be productive. It is doubtful whether it has sufficient value for the New York fruit grower to make it worthy of trial in this state. Historical. Originated in Sweden about 1835. It was received for testing at this Station from the United States Pomologist in Igol. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with rather short, slender branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. wigs short, rather slender to mod- erately stout, straight or nearly so; internodes short to medium. Bark rather dull brown tinged with red, mottled with heavy scarf-skin, pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, small to medium, roundish, not raised. Buds often rather deeply set in the bark, medium size or below, plump, obtuse to some- what acute, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form oblong to oblong conic, somewhat elliptical, often indistinctly ribbed; sides often un- equal. Stem short to medium, moderately slender to rather thick. Cavity large, acute to acuminate, moderately shallow to deep, wide, sometimes lipped, often russeted. Calyx medium or below, usually partly open; lobes moderately narrow, acute. Basin small to medium, obtuse to rather abrupt, shallow to moderately deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, gently fur- rowed. Skin thin, smooth or sometimes slightly rough toward the apex, pale yellow mottled and blushed with red, becoming rather dull red over a considerable portion of the fruit, mottled and splashed with carmine and sometimes marked with flecks and irregular lines of russet. Dots rather conspicuous, often large, pale gray or with russet center. Prevailing color red. 192 THE AppLes oF New York. Calyx tube cone-shape. Stamens basal. Core medium to large, abaxile; cells often unsymmetrical, usually some- what open; core lines meeting. Carpels roundish to broadly ovate, mucronate, sometimes emarginate, tufted. Seeds numerous, above medium to rather large, wide, usually obtuse, plump. Flesh yellowish, firm, a little coarse, moderately juicy, peculiarly aromatic, mildly subacid, rich, good for dessert, rather mild for culinary use. Season late October or November to midwinter; often some portion of the fruit may be kept in ordinary storage to March. SAILEE RUSSET. REFERENCE. I. Waugh, Vt. Sia. An. Rpt., 14:307. I9ot. Synonyms. None. A local variety grown in the vicinity of Lake Champlain. The following account of it is given by Waugh (1): “ Sailee was a Frenchman who came over from France about a hundred years ago and who had a farm on Cumberland Head, Clinton county, N. Y., just across from Grand Isle. He had a large orchard and grew many varieties of apples, some of which he had brought from France, others of which came from other sources, and some of which he originated himself. From his having given his own name to this variety it is supposed to have originated in his own grounds. It was early distributed to Grand Isle, and may be found in several of the older and more complete collections. It is a good variety, but not superior to Roxbury. “Fruit oblate, slightly conic, size small to medium, cavity very deep and broad, stem medium long, slender, basin deep, corrugated, calyx small, closed, color dull green with occasional blush and considerable russet, dots russet, skin tough, flesh white, core small, flavor subacid, quality good, season early winter.” SAILLY AUTUMN. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:187. 2. Thomas, 1875:511. Synonyms. None. A local variety which originated at Plattsburg, N. Y. Fruit medium, roundish conic, greenish-yellow frequently with a deep red cheek. Stalk short; cavity medium; calyx smail, closed; basin small, narrow; flesh very tender, rich, aromatic, subacid, good. September (1, 2). We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents. ST. LAWRENCE. REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1187. 2. Kenrick, 1832:28. 3. Mag. Hort., 1:149. 1835. 4. Hovey, bs, 513):530) G2CA7Auee 5. Mag. Hort., 14:531, 539. 1848. 6. Thomas, Cultivator, 5:246. 1848. 7. Cole, 1849:104. 8. Thomas, 1849:152. 9. Barry, 1851:286. 10. Waring, 1851:30. 11. Elliott, 1854:158. 12. Downing, 1857:193. 13. Hooper, THE APPLES OF NEw York. 193 1857:90. 14. Gregg, 1857:47. 15. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 16. Warder, 1867 :731. 17. Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 18. Leroy, 1873:799. fig. 1g. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:11. 20. Ib., 15:10, 27. 18090. 21. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:208. 22. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:57. 23. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:249. 24. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 6:9. 1809. figs. 25. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:307. 1901. 26. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:96. 1902. 27. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. osey, Ieynléeleleingan, mopesizal me, eh Oui, JeloiAme O7/8R Wolo, ips 2\er Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:143. 10904. 31. Scriver, Can. Hort., 28 :277. 1905. Synonyms. Corse’s St. Lawrence (8). Montreal (4, 11, 18). SAInT- [EAURENT: O18)" - St LAWRENCE (1; 2,6. 4.5.6: 7,620.10, LI, 12, 13° 1415. 16, F710" 20) 21, 22, 23 24. 20 26, 27, 28, 20; (30; 31). (Saimi-Lawrence (18). York and Lancaster (17). When well grown, St. Lawrence is a large, handsome apple. It is better for dessert than for culinary use but does not excel standard varieties of its season for either purpose. While it does very well in some portions of Western New York, gen- erally speaking, it reaches a higher degree of perfection in favor- able locations in the St. Lawrence valley and in the Lake Cham- plain region than in other portions of the state. The crop ripens somewhat unevenly and should have more than one picking in order to secure the fruit in prime condition and pre- vent great loss from dropping. It does not stand heat well before going into storage and goes down quickly. The fruit may not remain on the tree till it is well colored, and unless it 7s well colored it fades in the barrel so much as to render it almost valueless for market. It varies greatly in keeping qualities in different seasons but usually October is its commercial limit in ordinary storage. In cold storage it may be held until Decem- ber (30). The tree is a moderately strong grower, hardy, gen- erally pretty healthy, moderately long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good to rather heavy crops biennially. It is not a very good grower in the nursery. Some growers hold that it is desirable to topwork it upon some more vigorous stock as Northern Spy. Although many fruit growers regard it as a fairly profitable commercial apple it cannot be recommended for general cultivation. Voi. Il — 17 194 Tue AppLes oF NEw York. Waugh remarks, that in Grand Isle county, Vermont, “ It is rather common but not highly prized. It precedes Fameuse in sea- son and is of the same general character” (25). | Woolverton (29) states that it is not planted in the commercial orchards of Ontario bordering Lakes Ontario, Erie or Huron, but it is valued in orchards along the St. Lawrence river and parts of the Province between the latitudes 45 and 46. In the Niagara dis- trict it is considerably affected by scab and by codling moth. Historical. As early as 1835 St. Lawrence was recommended as one of the American varieties which was worthy of cultivation in England (3). Its origin does not appear to be definitely known but some credit it to this country (12, 17, 26, 28, 29). In 1848 Thomas (6) described it as a newly introduced variety cultivated in the vicinity of Rochester and originally from Lower Canada. In 1862 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society (15). It is frequently listed by nurserymen (23) but is now seldom planted in New York state. TREE. Tree medium size, moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading. Twigs smooth, rather dark reddish-brown. Fruit. Fruit large to medium. Form oblate inclined to conic varying to roundish oblate, faintly ribbed. Stem short to medium in length, moderately slender. Cavity large, acute, deep, regular, greenish-russeted. Calyx small, closed. Basin rather small, narrow, moderately deep, abrupt, wrinkled. Skin pale yellow washed and marbled with bright red striped and splashed with bright dark carmine and overspread with thin white bloom. Dots numerous, rather obscure, fine, russet. Calyx tube narrow, cone-shape to funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells partly open; core lines clasp- ing. Carpels obovate to elliptical, emarginate. Flesh white, sometimes slightly stained with red, tender, fine-grained, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, good to very good for dessert; rather mild for culinary uses. Season September and October. 5... PETER. REFERENCES. I. Hoskins, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:414. 2. Webster, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:113. 3. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:440. 4. Hos- kins, Rural N. Y., 45:673. 1886. figs. 5. Schroeder, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:75. 6. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 7:91. 1888. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1692:240. 8. Beach; N. Y.-Sta. An. Rpt., 132501. 1804. ‘9. Ragan, esses, IPE, PB Ule 5623 62735 1005: Tue AppLes or New York. 195 Synonyms. WNo. 80 (5,9). No. 372 (9). PErTROVSKOE (5, 9). PETROW- SOD) (AQ, Ye VAG Aasig aoe (Oe Si, leno (Gavi Oh ata in teCucie (Ay St O))e A small August apple, greenish-yellow streaked and splashed with dull carmine, mild subacid, fair quality. The tree is a moderately vigorous grower, rather slow in coming into bearing and not a reliable cropper. Not valuable for planting in New York. Flistorical. A Russian apple imported by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870. It was received in 1888 from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt., for testing at this Station (6). SANDY GLASS. REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885 :23, 30, 2. Schroeder, Mox- ined Oris SOca kept. 168072) 93. Budd. las Aly Golly Bull 1890):22, A. Munson, Me. Sia. Rpt., 1896:76. 5. Budd, Ja. Sta. Bul., 19:538. 1806. Om SUMSONMEA Tie Side DMs AS OS eCOol 7. Wbshomeasnn 1807-205. \1e50 aGe Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84. 1902. 9. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:06. 1902. Synonyms. No. 24 M (1, 2, 3, 5, 8,9). Sanpy Grass (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Steklianka pesotchnaya (1). A rather attractive apple of greenish-yellow color and often faintly blushed ; it is of pretty good quality but inferior to Fall Pippin and other standard varieties of its season. The tree is below medium size, not a strong grower, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper yielding pretty good crops nearly annually. It is not valuable for planting in New York except possibly in localities where superior hardiness is specially desired. Historical. Imported from Russia by the Iowa Agricultural College (1), from which institution it was received in 1890 for testing at this Station. TREE. Tree below medium size, moderately vigorous. Form rather flat, spread- ing and somewhat inclined to droop. Twigs moderately long, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark dull brown, heavily coated with rough gray scarf- skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels very conspicuous, numerous, large to medium, oval, raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, acute to obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRuIT. Fruit above medium to large, quite uniform in size and shape. Form roundish oblate or inclined to ovate, regular, sometimes obscurely ribbed. Stem short to medium length, rather thick. Cavity rather small, acuminate to acute, moderately deep, narrow to medium in width, usually symmetrical, more or less russeted and often with outspreading rays of thin russet. Calyx smally closed; lobes medium to short, acute. Basin shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to wide, lightly furrowed, wrinkled. Skin pale greenish-yellow often becoming clear yellow as it ripens, faintly blushed and overspread with whitish bloom. Dots numerous, light, small, submerged, mingled with a few that are large and russet. 196 THE APPLES OF NEw York. Calyx tube very long, moderately wide, conical to cylindrical. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium to small, axile; cells symmetrical, closed or slightly open; core lines meeting or clasping. Carpels roundish or somewhat ovate, deeply emarginate. Seeds large, wide, plump, acute to obtuse, dull dark brown. Flesh white or with greenish tinge, rather fine, tender, juicy, brisk subacid, fair to good. Season September to early winter. SAXTON, REFERENCES. 1. Prairie Farmer, 1860 (cited by 9). 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:8. 3. Downing, 1872:11 app. 4. Thomas, 1875:511. 5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-7:94. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:239. 7. It., 1892:249. 8. Burrill and McCluer, Jill. Sta. Bul., 45:321. 1896. 9. Ragan, WES: Bw Pel, (Bil 35 0)10 7a LOO5 ent On U5 0127,5 aT OO Ss SyNonyYMS. Fatt Strive (3, 7, 3, 9). Fall Stripe (4, 5, 10). SAxXTon Gig Ae, By Cy IO) Sakae (4594 Oy) An old New England variety (3). Fruit yellow, shaded and splashed with light and dark red; flesh a little coarse, subacid, good to very good; season September. It was put upon the list of the American Pomological Society in 1871 (2) and dropped from that list in 1897. It is still listed by some nurserymen (6) but so far as we can learn it is practically unknown among New York fruit growers. SCARLET PIPPIN. REFERENCES. I. Jones, Ont. Fr. Gr. Assn. An. Rpt., 27:13. 18095. 2. Craig, Can. Hort., 19:381. 1896. fig. 3. Ib., 19:117. 1896. fig: 4. Ib., Amer. Gard., 20:27. 1899. figs. 5. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 83:91. 1900. 6. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul., 37:41. 1901. 7. Abbott, Can. Hort., 24:18, 123. 1901. 8. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :172. SYNONYMS. CriIMSON BEAUTY (3). Crimson Pippin (2). Crimson Scarlet Pippin (2). Leeds Beauty (4, 5, 6, 8). Scartet Preprn (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). An apple of the Fameuse group which quite closely resembles McIntosh (2), but is firmer in flesh and slightly more acid. “A very attractive looking apple said to sell better than Fameuse, which it does not equal in quality. Tree a strong, upright grower and said to be a heavy bearer” (6). Season about the same as Wealthy or earlier (1). It appears to be worthy of testing in New York especially in those regions of the state where Fameuse and McIntosh succeed best. Historical. Originated about 1860 at Lynn, Leeds county, Ontario, near Brockville, where it has been locally grown for some years (4, 7). Mr. Harold Jones, Maitland, Ont., Experimenter for Ontario for apples in the THE APPLES OF NEw York. 197 St. Lawrence river district, has had most to do with bringing this variety to notice as an autumn dessert fruit of value (6), but the report that the variety originated with him is incorrect (7). TREE. Tree vigorous. Form upright. Twigs long, straight, stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown or reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, pubescent near tips. Lenticcls numerous, very conspicuous, medium size, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium size, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. Fruit (4, 6). Fruit medium size. Form roundish inclined to oblate, regular. Stem short, stout to slender. Cavity acute, shallow to deep, moderately wide to wide, sometimes lipped. Calyx closed or open. Basin narrow, shallow, slightly wrinkled or almost wanting. Core small. Flesh white, firm, crisp, tender, melting, juicy, mild subacid with a pleasant but not high flavor, very good. Season fall and early winter. SCHUYLER SWEET, REFERENCES. I. Thomas, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871:49. 2. Rural N. Y., 1871:108. 3. Downing, 1872:31 app. Synonyms. None. This variety is unknown to us. We have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. Thomas gave the following description of it in 1871 (1): “A large, showy apple, ripening in October, originated on the lands of Rensselaer Schuyler, Seneca Falls, N. Y. Tree in vigor and form resembles the Baldwin, and is productive. “Fruit large, roundish, inclining to roundish oblate; pale yellow with a few scattering brown dots; stalk slender, inserted in a large deep cavity; calyx closed; basin large, deep, slightly corrugated; flesh whitish, half fine, tender, moderately juicy, pleasant, sweet; quality good to very good; core small.” SCOLLOP GILLIFLOWER. REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1835:73. 2. Elliott, 1854:156. fig. 3. Watts, Horticulturist, 10:98. 1855. 4. Hooper, 1857:83. 5. Warder, 1867:543. 6. Downing, 1869 :348. 7. Downing, dm. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875:68. 8. Thomas, 1875:511. 9g. Downing, 1876:60, 70, app. Synonyms. Cornish Gillilower (3). Five-Quartered Gilliower (7, 9). Jellyfower (7, 9). Red Gilliflower (3, 5, of some 7 and 9). Ribbed Gilli- flower (7, 9). SCALLOPED GILLYFLOWER (1). SCALLOPED GILLIFLOWER (5). Scottop GILLIFLOWER (2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9). ScoLLopeD GILLIFLOWER (3). Scolloped Gilliflower (6). An old variety of unknown origin which was formerly grown to some extent in this state but is now practically obsolete. It has sometimes been 198 THE APPLES OF NEw York. confounded with the Red Gilliflower of Elliott (2) and sometimes with Striped Gilliflower (9). It has been much esteemed in some portions of Ohio (2). Downing describes it as a moderate or poor grower with young shoots much darker colored than those of Striped Gilliflower, the tree more spreading and unproductive and the fruit more ribbed, much darker, rather dull red with broader stripes and splashes, with flesh more yellow, mildly subacid, aromatic, richer in quality and a month or more later in ripening thes Striped Gilliflower (9). Elliott (2) describes the fruit as “medium to large, roundish conical, flattened at base, tapering toward the eye, sometimes angular, always much ribbed or scolloped; light yellow, striped and splashed with shades of light and dark red; stem short, slender; cavity deep, russeted, irregular; calyx with long segments; basin abrupt, deep, ribbed; core large, hollow; seeds ovate, rounded; flesh yellowish, firm, crisp, tender, juicy, slight tinge of sweet. November to February.” SCOTT BEST; REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :340. Synonyms. None. We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents. According to Downing it originated on the farm of Luther Scott, Hinsdale, Cattaraugus county, N. Y. The tree is moderately vigorous, spreading; the fruit medium to large, yel- lowish, shaded and mottled with light red, striped and splashed with crimson; flesh whitish, fine, tender, subacid, good to very good. Season November and December (1). SENECA FAVORITE. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 19:165. 1853. 2. Warder, 1867:731. Synonyms. None. A large, attractive, pale yellow apple. It resembles Swaar, but is earlier and larger, and its texture is more crisp.’ It is excellent for dessert as well as for culinary uses. The crop begins to ripen in early autumn, and continues ripening in succession through a period of several weeks. The later fruit may be kept into early winter or midwinter. The tree is of medium size, vigorous, round- headed. It is a desirable variety for the home orchard. Historical. N. S. Page states* that the original tree of Seneca Favorite grew upon his father’s farm, five miles southwest of Geneva, and was an old tree forty-five years ago. It has been grown to a limited extent as an apple for the home orchard in various localities in Ontario county, particu- 1 Wilson, C. S., Hist. of the Apple in N. Y. State, unpublished thesis Cornell Univ. 1905. 2 Letter, 1905. duVHS THE AppLes oF NEw York. 199 larly in the town of Seneca. Downing gives Seneca Favorite as a synonym for Quince’ but the true Seneca Favorite is surely not identical with Quince. It is now seldom propagated. FRUIT. Fruit very large to medium, usually large. Form variable, roundish conic to oblong conic, nearly regular but somewhat ribbed and elliptical; axis sometimes oblique; sides usually unequal. Stem long to medium, moderately slender. Cavity acute, deep, broad, quite strongly furrowed and compressed, usually somewhat russeted. Calyx small to above medium, closed or some- what open; lobes broad, acute to acuminate. Basin very small, shallow or very shallow, narrow, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth or slightly roughened by russet dots, at first green but becoming attractive pale yellow often with faint blush which sometimes deepens to a moderately bright rather pinkish-red, not striped. Dots numerous, irregular, large and small, varying from prominent russet to obscure and submerged, often reddish on blushed cheek. Calyx tube funnel-form usually with long, narrow cylinder but sometimes short. Stamens median to basal. Core rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, closed or some- what open; core lines clasping. Carpels elliptical, emarginate, smooth. Seeds numerous, medium to above, dark brown, plump, obtuse to acute. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, agree- ably subacid, sprightly, very good. Season fall and early winter to midwinter. SHARP. REFERENCES. I. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11 :602. 1893. 2. Ib., Gard. and For., 8:428. 1895. 3. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:311. 1896. 4. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:56. 1903. 5. Beach and Clark Ne Va Sita Bul 2a8i:tAa. 1904: Synonyms. None. This at its best is an excellent dessert fruit of very attractive appearance and very good quality. It is less suitable for most culinarv uses because it is mildly subacid or nearly sweet, and it is not a good market variety because very often it is below medium size and not highly colored. It resembles Maiden Blush somewhat ii shape and color. In this region it comes in season early in October or late in September. In ordinary storage it commonly reaches its commercial limit in November, but sometimes a portion of the fruit keeps till March. The tree is not a strong grower, but it comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially. 1 Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 200 THe Apples OF NEW York. It is distinct from both Sharp Greening and Sharp Russet. Buckman believes that it is the same as the Butler or Butler Sweet of Pennsylvania.! Historical. Received from Benjamin Buckman, Farmingdale, Lllinois, in 1889 for testing at this Station. Mr. Buckman obtained his stock from the lilinois Experiment Station. That Station secured the variety from A. N. Lawver, who received it from Halliday and Son, Baltimore, Maryland. TREE. Tree below medium size, a slow grower with short, moderately stout branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs short to below medium, stout to rather slender, straight; internodes medium. Bark dull brown or brownish-red with some olive-green, streaked with thin scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, slightly raised. Buds medium size or below medium, prominent, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit often below medium, sometimes above medium, uniform in shape and size. Form roundish oblate to roundish conic, sometimes approaching oblong conic, regular or very faintly ribbed, symmetrical. Stem often very short and not exserted. Cavity usually rather large, acute to acuminate, moderately deep to deep, moderately wide to wide, sometimes very slightly furrowed and often russeted. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes long. Basin moderately shailow to rather deep, moderately wide, abrupt, smooth or sometimes slightly ridged or wrinkled. Skin attractive pale yellow partly covered with a bright blush. Dots minute, pale or brown. Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. Core medium in size, somewhat abaxile; cells open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish or somewhat elliptical, emarginate. Sceds medium or above, moderately long, rather flat, obtuse, dark. Fiesh whitish, moderately firm, fine-grained, tender, crisp, juicy, mild subacid, nearly sweet, very good. Season late September into October. SHERMAN. REFERENCES. 1. Rural N. Y., 1870 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, 1872:31 app. ay inereniny (UGS. Ja JEL WI Jee eats | uGlos, SynonyMs. SHERMAN (3). SHERMAN’S Favorite (2). Sherman’s Favorite (3). SHERMAN’S SWEET (1). Sherman’s Sweet (2, 3). A yellow sweet apple of good medium size and mild, rather rich flavor; in season from November to January (2). Downing states that it origi- nated on the farm of E. C. Sherman, Wyoming, N. Y. We have received no report concerning this variety and find no account of its having been grown outside of the place of its origin. : 1 Letter, 1895. SHIAWASSEE _— aid . ew a as ily, ee | ; 2? zs s rio ie —. THe Apples or NEW York. 201 SHIA W ASSEE, REFERENCES. 1. Lyon, Mag. Hort., 26:64. 1860. 2. Hovey, I[b., 27:67. 1861. fig. 3. [b., 29:126. 1863. 4. Warder, 1867:459. fig. 5. Downing, 1869 :351. 6. Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1872:459. fig. 7. Thomas, 1875 :204. 8 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875:12. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 :220. to. Barry, 18832354. 11. Cook, Rural N. YY. 45:257. 1886: 12. Can. Hort., 11:43 1888. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 14. Ib., Amer. Gard, 12-244. 1S01. 15. Can. Hort, r5117. 1802. .16; Bailey, An. Hort. 1892:2490. 17. Miller, Rural N. Y., 53:278. 1804. 18. Hoskins, Amer. Gard., 15:299. 1894. 19 Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:72. 20. Burrill and McCluer, Jl. Sta. Bul., 45:341. 1896. 21. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 56:8309. 1897. 22. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1899:77. 23. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul, 83:92. 1900. 24. Ib., Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 143308. Toot. 25. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Bul., 37:41. 1901. 26. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:84, 00, 95. 1902. 27. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. 28. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:56. 1903. 29. Budd-Hansen, 1903:174. 30. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:144. 1904. Synonyms. Michigan Beauty (5). SHIAWASSE (21). SHIAWASSE BEAUTY (3, 7, 8, 20). SHIAWASSEE (14, 26). SHIAWASSEE BEAUTY (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, IO, II, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 25). SHIAWASSEE Beauty (27). Shiawassee Beauty (23, 24, 28, 20, 39). SHIAWASSIE BEAUTY (15). Fruit of the Fameuse type, of good size, quite attractive appear- ance and pleasant dessert quality. It has a flavor and aroma some- what similar to that of McIntosh. Probably McIntosh would be preferred to Shiawassee by most fruit growers. The fruit of Shiawassee is fair, uniform and hangs pretty well to the tree. It ripens in October, and some portion of the fruit may be held till January. The tree is of uniform size, very hardy, vigorous, up- right spreading, healthy and long-lived. It does not come into bearing very young, and when mature in some cases it is not a reliable cropper, but it is generally reported as yielding good to heavy crops biennially, or sometimes annually. Historical. The original tree was planted as an ungrafted seedling in the orchard of Beebe Truesdell, in Vernon, Shiawassee county, Mich., and came into bearing about 1850 (1). The variety is often listed by nurserymen but is seldom planted in this state. = FRUIT. Fruit medium to nearly large, uniform in shape but not in size. Form oblate conic, pretty regular but sometimes elliptical. Stem medium in length, slender to moderately thick. Cavity acute, varying from nearly acuminate to somewhat obtuse, deep, broad, rather symmetrical, sometimes compressed, often with outspreading russet rays. Calyx small to below medium, closed or 202 THE APPLES or NEW York. slightly open; lobes rather short, moderately narrow. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, rather wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, somewhat fur- rowed and wrinkled, often compressed. Skin rather pale yellow, usually entirely overspread with attractive red, irregularly splashed and striped with carmine. Dots small to medium, grayish. Calyx tube medium size, moderately wide, conical to short funnel-shape. Stamens median to nearly basal. Core below medium size, widely abaxile; cells symmetrical, usually open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels cordate to broadly ovate. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, rather narrow, plump, acute. Flesh white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant subacid, aromatic, rather sprightly, good to very good. Season October to January. SINE-QUA-NON. REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1220. 2. Downing, 1845:76. 3. Thomas, 1849:143. 4. Cole, 1849:103. 5. Waring, 1851 :30. 6. Barry, 1851:281. 7. Elliott, 1854:157. 8. Hooper, 1857:84. 9. Gregg, 1857 :39. 10. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 11. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 12. Warder, 1867:732. 13. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:206. Synonyms. None. An August apple of good dessert quality, now seldom found in cultiva- tion. It originated on Long Island and was brought to notice by Wm. Prince (2). It was entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1862 (11) and dropped from that list in 1871. The tree is a rather slow, crooked grower, in some cases an indifferent bearer (7), in others productive (4, 13). Fruit medium size, roundish ovate, pale greenish- yellow; flesh greenish-white, tender, juicy, mild subacid, sprightly, good; season late August. SLINGERLAND, REFERENCES. 1. N. Y. Sta. Agr. Soc. Rpt., 1849:504. 2. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:42. 1851. col. pl. No. 32. 3. Downing, 1857:189. 4. Warder, 1867 :732. 5. Thomas, 1875:512. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. SYNONYMS. SLINGERLAND (6). SLINGERLAND’S FALL PIPPIN (2). SLINGER- LAND PIPPIN (1, 3, 4, 5)- An excellent flavored apple of the Green Newtown type in season during late fall and early winter. It is not as good a keeper as Green Newtown. Raised from seed of the Newtown about 1830 by a Mr. Slingerland of New Scotland, Albany county, N. Y. (1, 2). lEnrqopi (ii, 2, 3}))- Fruit medium to large. Form roundish, often oblique. Stem exserted but short. Skin yellow splashed with reddish-orange over the base. Dots minute. Calyx small to medium, partly closed. Core small. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, tender, juicy, brisk, rather rich subacid, good to very good. Season December to February or later. SOPS OF WINE : ball 4 ¢ . ‘ é L, : ‘ 4 ) A o ; ‘ * + y ‘ ~~, . ] i 4 (er ; : e - * “a » ; 5 a ¢3 ‘ : * ' * 7 pe ‘, * . oa en: . , wed Ge “i \) THE Apples OF NEW York. 20 ios) SOMERSET (N. Y.). REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:356. 2. Downing, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 7:303. 1870. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:14. 4. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 :318. 5. Hoag, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:28. 6. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 129 :40, 43. 1896. 7. Mich. Sta. Bul., 152:222, 226. 1808. Synonyms. None. An early apple of high sprightly flavor. A fine family fruit. The tree is an unusually early bearer, upright spreading, vigorous and productive. Season late August to October (4, 6, 7). There is a distinct variety of Maine origin which is also called Somerset. Historical. Brought to notice by C. L. Hoag, Lockport, N. Y. Origin un- known but supposed to be Somerset, Niagara county, N. Y. (2). This variety appears to have been but sparingly disseminated. Jaron (5) Fruit below medium. Form like Black Gilliflower, roundish conical. Skin deep golden-yellow to whitish-yellow with sometimes a few nettings of russet and sparsely sprinkled with brown dots. Flesh quite white, tender, juicy, with a rich aromatic flavor; quality very good or best. SOPS OF WINE. REFERENCES. I. Ray, 1688:No. 21. 2. Knoop, 8:45. 1758. 3. Kenrick, 1832:28. 4. Jb., 1835:98. 5. Floy-Lindley, 1833:25. 6. Downing, 1845:77. 7. Cole, 1849:103. 8. Thomas, 1849:141. 9. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., Brita os eelOSta TO. bathyastO5h 202, e 11. hlovey, Mags lori, 18-5455 O52: fig. 12. Elliott, 1854:157. 13. Gregg, 1857:39. 14. Hooper, 1857:85. 15. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 16. Warder, 1867:615. fig. 17. Downing, 1869: 2505 118.) Horieuliurist, 227-300. 1872)ng. 19. Kitz, 1872-121, 174. 20: Downing, 1872:10 index, app. 21. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879 :22. 22. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 23. /b., 1881:12 index, app. 24. Hoge, 1884:215. 25. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 47:662. 1888. figs. 26. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:296. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:249. 28. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:248. 1894. 29. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45 :325. 1896. 30. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:309. I9g01. 31. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :177. fig. Synonyms. Bell’s Early? (17). Bell’s Favorite (20). Bennington (17, 18). Dodge’s Early Red (17). Early Washington (22). Hominy (17, 19). Horning (29). Pie Apple (10). Red Shropsavine? (17). Rop—E Wyn Appet (2). Rode Wyn Appel (5, 6,9). SAPSON (3). Sapson (6, 9, 11, 12, 18). Sapsonvine (3). Shropshirevine (23). Sops IN WINE (1, 24). Sops in Wine (5, 6, 9, II, 12, 18). Sops or WINE (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, LOO IZ Lo 1: 20, 22252325126) 27525, 20) 30; 31). | Saps oF Vien (2A). Strawberry (30). Warden's Pie Apple (17, 18). Washington (17, 18). A dark crimson apple; flesh fine, stained with red; in season in August and September. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather young and is a biennial or nearly annual cropper. Of little value except as a dessert apple for family use. 204 THe Apples OF NEW York. Historical. “A very ancient English culinary and cider apple” (24). It is frequently listed by nurserymen but is now seldom planted in New York being superseded by other better varieties. TREE. Tree medium to large, moderately vigorous to vigorous. Form upright or inclined to roundish, rather dense. Twigs short to rather long, curved, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; heavily pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to sometimes large, uniform in shape but not in size. Form roundish to roundish conic, slightly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem short to rather long, moderately slender. Cavity acute, moderately deep, medium or sometimes narrow, sometimes slightly furrowed, sometimes with thin, radiat- ing russet rays. Calyx medium to rather small, closed or slightly open; lobes rather short. Basin shallow, narrow, furrowed, somewhat wrinkled. Skin moderately thin, moderately tender, slightly roughened, greenish- yellow almost entirely overspread with purplish-red, mottled, irregularly splashed and sometimes indistinctly striped with dark carmine, overspread with thin white bloom. Dots small, few, light russet or yellow. Calyx tube short, wide, cone-shape. Stamens marginal to median. Core medium size, somewhat abaxile; cells usually symmetrical but not uniformly developed, open to nearly closed; core lines meeting. Carpels broad ovate, rather concave, mucronate, tufted. Seeds rather large or me- dium size, moderately wide, plump, obtuse. Flesh yellowish often stained with pink, soft, fine, juicy, aromatic, mild, pleasant, subacid, good. Season August to October. SOUR BOUGH. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :357. Synonyms. None. This is an old Westchester county variety which, according to Downing, is of medium size, roundish conic, yellow with whitish, brisk subacid flesh, good for cooking. Season, September. “ Often knotty and unprofitable’ (1). The name Sour Bough has also been applied sometimes to the Champlain; see page 30; and also to the Tart Bough; see page 220. SPEG PA TOR, REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :357. Synonyms. None. SOUR BOUGH Vor. Tl—=18 Tue AppLes oF NEw York. 205 Originated with J. W. Bailey, Plattsburg, N. Y. According to Down- ing (1) this is an apple of medium size, ribbed, yellow, shaded with red in the sun; flesh white, subacid, hardly good; season September. The variety is unknown to us. STARKEY, REFERENCES. I. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1875:65. 2. Downing, 1876 :69 app. 3. Thomas, 1885:524. 4. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:133. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:14. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:179. Synonyms. None. Fruit of good size, fair, well colored, largely striped and splashed with red, pleasant subacid, excellent for dessert or culinary use. Season, October to midwinter. In Maine, where it originated, it is said to be popular in market. It has not been sufficiently tested to determine its value for this state, but it appears to be worthy of testing. Tree a hardy and vigorous grower in the nursery, becom- ing rather large and spreading in the orchard; comes into bearing rather young and is a good biennial cropper. Historical. Originated on the farm of Moses Starkey, North Vassalboro, Kennebec county, Me. TREE. Tree medium to rather large, moderately vigorous to vigorous with long, moderately stout, curved branches. Form spreading or roundish, open. wigs medium to long, stout, geniculate, often irregularly crooked; inter- nodes long to below medium. Bark brownish-red mingled sometimes with olive-green, irregularly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Len- ticels scattering, inconspicuous, medium size or below, round, raised. Buds medium to large, prominent, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to rather large. Form oblate or oblate conical, regular or faintly ribbed, symmetrical. Stem medium length. Cavity medium size, rather shallow, partly covered with greenish russet. Calyx large, closed or nearly so. Basin medium size, shallow, somewhat wrinkled. Skin pale yellow, washed or deeply blushed with lively.red, splashed and striped with carmine. Dots pale gray or russet. Prevailing effect red. Calyx tube conical or somewhat funnel-form. Core rather small. Flesh whitish, firm, rather fine, juicy, crisp, pleasant, lively subacid, be- coming mild subacid, very good. Season October to January. 206 THE APPLES OF NEW YorRK. STARR. REFERENCES. I. Downing, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 6:347. 1869. fig. 2. Down- ing, 1869:360. 3. Thomas, 1875:512. 4. Hexamer, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895 :70. 5. Rural N. Y., 54:587: 1805. 6. Parry, Wm, Parry Near. 1896. Synonyms. None. Fruit large, very attractive for a green or yellowish apple, and very good in quality, especially for dessert use. Season, August and September. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing young and as tested at this Station gives promise of being an annual bearer. Starr appears to be worthy of testing where a fruit of this type is desired. Historical. The original tree was found on the grounds of Judge J. M. White, Woodbury, N. J., which property afterward came into the possession of Mrs. Starr. The propagation of the variety was begun by Wm. Parry in 1865 under the name of Starr (6). So far as we can learn it has been but little planted in New York. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, rather dense. Twigs long, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brownish-red, tinged with olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds prominent, large, long, broad, plump, acute, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit very large to large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form dis- tinctly oblate to roundish oblate, regular or-faintly ribbed. Stem short to medium, moderately thick, sometimes swollen. Cavity acute, varying from a little obtuse to somewhat acuminate, shallow to medium, broad, smooth or gently furrowed. Calyx medium size, closed, lobes long to medium, rather narrow, acuminate. Basin medium in depth, narrow, abrupt, some- what furrowed. Skin rather thick, tough, nearly smooth, green becoming yellowish-green, sometimes with indications of a faint blush. Dots numerous, small and large, pale or russet. Calyx tube long, very wide to moderately wide, conical to cylindrical and large, extending to the core. Stamens nearly marginal. Core medium to rather large, abaxile to nearly axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels obovate, sometimes tufted. Seeds dark brown, medium to large, rather wide, plump, acute to nearly acuminate. Flesh tinged with yellow, moderately fine, very tender, crisp, very juicy, sprightly subacid, aromatic, very good. Season August and September. Tue AppLes OF New York. 207 STILLMAN EARLY, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:193. 2. Thomas, 1875:512. 3. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :298. SYNONYMS. STILLMAN (3) . STILLMAN’S EFarty (1, 2). This variety originated in Clinton, Oneida county, N. Y. Downing (1) states that the tree is a moderate grower and productive; the fruit small, yel- low, sometimes slightly blushed; flesh pleasant subacid, good; season late July and early August. We are unacquainted with this variety and have re- ceived no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. STRAWBERRY. This name has been applied to a great many différent varieties of the apple. Those mentioned in this volume are listed below: Autumn Strawberry, see Late Strawberry. Chenango Straw- berry, see Chenango. Early Strawberry. Fall Strawberry, see Late Strawberry. Late Strawberry. St. John’s Strawberry, see Early Strawberry. Strawberry, see Chenango, Early Strawberry, Late Strawberry and Richard Graft. Washington Strawberry. STRIPED GILLIFLOWER. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:696. fig. 2. Downing, 1876:69 app. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 4. Burrill and McCluer, //l. Sta. Bul., 45 :342. i896. 5. Thomas, 1897:654. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :181. Synonyms. Red Gilliflower (2). Scollop Gillifower, incorrectly (2). Striped Bellhower (2). Stripep GILLIFLOWER (I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). This variety appears to be practically obsolete in New York. The tree is a vigorous grower and generally productive (2). Fruit (i, 2) 6): Fruit large to very large. Form variable roundish conic to oblong conic, often furrowed, angular, but less ribbed than Scollop Gilliflower. Stem short, curved. Cavity acute, deep, wide, furrowed, brown or russeted. Calyx large, closed or partly open; lobes erect. Basin shallow, abrupt. Skin yellowish-white or greenish, partly covered with dull red, striped and splashed with carmine. Dots few, indistinct, gray or white. Calyx tube cone-shape. Stamens median. Core sessile, abaxile, large; cells wide open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels tufted. Seeds few, small, roundish, plump, obtuse, black. Flesh yellowish-white, breaking, juicy, briskly subacid, fair to good. Season September. 208 THe APPLES OF NEW YorRK. STROAT, REFERENCES. 1. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1256. 3. Kenrick, 1832:39. 4. Downing, 1845:97. 5. Horticulturist, 2:545. 1848. 6. Thomas, 1849:158. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:38. 1851. 8. Elliott, 1854:158. 9. Hooper, 1857 :87. SynonyMs. StraaT (2, 3). Straat (4, 8,9). Srroat (1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). Stroat was formerly much esteemed among the descendants of the Dutch settlers on the North river (4). The fruit is described as above medium, roundish inclined to conic, yellowish-green; flesh yellow, very tender, rich, brisk subacid, good to very good; season September to November or De- cember (4, 6, 8). We have not seen this fruit nor has it been mentioned by any of our cor- respondents. STRODE BIRMINGHAM. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:193. 2. Warder, 1867:733. 3. Pa. Sita. Hort. Assn. Rpt., 1886:50. 4. Powell and Fulton, U. S. P. B. I. Bul., 48:57. 1903. 5 Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul. 2aScrq5uesot Synonyms. Dumpling (3). StropeE (4, 5). Strode’s (1). STRODE’S BIRMINGHAM (1, 2, 3). Strode’s Birmingham (4, 5). A medium-sized yellow apple of mild subacid flavor and good quality. Commercial limit September. For home use it is in season in September and October and a few specimens may be kept till January (5). It is reported as a desirable variety for market and general purposes in Pennsyl- vania (3). The tree comes into bearing rather young and is productive yielding moderate to good crops nearly annually. As compared with stand- ard varieties of its season it does not appear to be worthy of the atten- tion of New York fruit growers. FRUIT. Fruit of medium size; uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic or inclined to oblong, regular or faintly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem long, slender. Cavity acute to almost acuminate, usually rather deep, medium in width, symmetrical, russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed or partly open; lobes medium in length and width, acute, reflexed. Basin shallow, narrow to medium in width, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, clear yellow or greenish, often with faint blush and marked with russet flecks. Dots scattering, very minute, submerged, inconspicuous, red or russet. Calyx tube short, wide, urn-shape to broadly conical. Stamens nearly basal. Core medium to small, axile; cells almost closed; core lines meeting. Carpels broadly ovate to oblong narrowing toward either end, deeply emar- ginate. Seeds dark dull brown, medium to large, wide, plump, broadly acute, tufted. dANLS EE = a. Tue Apples OF NEW York. 209 Flesh yellowish, rather firm, fine, rather crisp, tender, juicy, brisk subacid becoming mild and pleasant when fully mature, good to very good. Season September to early winter. STUMP. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1881:I110 app. fig. 2. Barry, 1883:341. 3. Thomas, 1885:525. 4. Pa. Sta. Hort. Assn. Rpt., 1885:25. 5. Can. Hort., 11:8. 1888. 6. Rural N. Y., 47:602. 1888. figs. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 8. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:255. 1895. 9. Beach, Gard. and For., 8:428. 1895. 10. Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:55. 1902. 11. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:145. 1904. Synonyms. None. This very beautiful apple resembles Chenango in form, size and general appearance. In Western New York it is by some con- sidered a good variety for commercial planting, but others find diffi- culty in marketing it with profit, since it is esteemed chiefly for dessert purposes and ripens at a season when there is compara- tively little demand for apples, and shows bruises so readily that it is not well adapted for barrelling. It may be marketed in local markets or shipped in small packages. The crop ripens unevenly, and on this account should have more than one picking ip order to secure the fruit in prime condition. It begins to ripen in late August or early September. Its commercial limit is September or early October, but its season for home use extends to Novem- ber (11). The trees are upright, compact and stocky, so that they may stand closer together than common varieties in the orchard, or be used for alternating with more spreading trees. They are hardy, long-lived, and reliable croppers, yielding good to heavy crops biennially. The fruit is borne on short spurs close to the limbs. It is recommended for planting in the garden and commer- cial orchard where a variety of this type is desired. Historical. Originated as a chance seedling in an old stump on the grounds of John Prue, Chili, N. Y. (1). It appears that it has been planted more in Western New York than in any other section of the state. TREE. Tree a slow, stiff, upright grower in the nursery, apt to crack at the collar, not popular with nurserymen; in the orchard it becomes a moderately vig- orous or vigorous grower; branches long, moderately stout, curved, filled 210 THe Apples or NEW York. with fruit spurs. Form very upright but eventually somewhat roundish. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenti- cels numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium or below, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic to oblong conic, regular or faintly ribbed; sides sometimes unequal. Stem very short, variable in thickness. Cavity acute or approaching obtuse, usu- ally rather shallow, medium in width to rather broad, unsymmetrical, fre- quently furrowed, sometimes lipped, partly russeted. Calyx medium to small, slightly open or closed; lobes short, rather narrow, acute. Basin shallow, narrow, abrupt. Skin smooth, clear pale yellow largely washed and mottled with bright pinkish-red, becoming deep red in highly-colored specimens, rather indis- tinctly striped and splashed with bright carmine. Dots numerous, rather large, areolar with russet point or with whitish point. Prevailing effect red and yellow contrasting beautifully. Calyx tube broadly conical with fleshy pistil point projecting into the base. Stamens basal. Core below medium to rather large, usually abaxile; cells open; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels elongated ovate tapering toward base and apex. Seeds rather dark brown, medium to small, usually very wide, short, very plump, obtuse to acute. Flesh whitish or tinged with yellow, rather fine, tender, juicy, rich, aro- matic, sprightly, pleasant subacid, very good. Season September and October. STYMUS. REFERENCES. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1867 (cited by 3). 2. Downing, 1869 :365. 3. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:298. 1905. Synonyms. Stymer’s (3). StyMus (I, 2, 3). This variety was described by Downing in 1869 as a new and really ex- cellent apple which originated on the farm of Jacob Stymus, Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. (2). Fruit medium size, yellowish, shaded, splashed and striped with light and dark crimson; flesh fine, tender, pleasant subacid, very good; season October and November. We are unacquainted with this variety and have received no report con- cerning it from any of our correspondents. SUFFOLK BEAUTY. REFERENCE. I. Downing, 1869 :365. Synonyms. None. THe Apples oF NEW York. 211 Described in 1869 by Downing (1) as a new variety from Deer Park, Long Island. Fruit medium, yellowish-white; flesh subacid; season August and September. This variety is unknown to us and we have received no report concerning it from any of our correspondents. SUMMER BELLFLOWER,. REFERENCES. I. Horticulturist, 3:168. 1848. fig. 2. Thomas, 1849 :143. 3. Cole, 1849:104. 4. Waring, 1851:31. 5. Elliott, 1854:159. 6. Downing, 1857:196. 7. Warder, 1867:733. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1875 :14. Synonyms. SUMMER BELLEFLEUR (1, 8). Summer Belle-feur (5). Sum- MER BELLFLOWER (2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7). Summer Bellflower (1). This fruit bears considerable resemblance in form and color to Yellow Bellflower. Flesh tender, subacid, good. It is in season from the middle of August to the middle of September. The tree is erect, of medium size, a good grower, hardy and a good cropper. It is not considered a satisfactory variety for commercial planting and so far as we can learn is gradually be- coming obsolete in New York. Downing described it in 1848 as a new vari- ety of promise and stated that it was raised by John R. Comstock of Wash- ington, Dutchess county, N. Y., from seed of the Esopus Spitzenburg (1, 6). It was entered on the list of the American Pomological Society in 1875 as a variety of value for Nebraska (8). It was dropped from that list in 1897. A distinct variety of Pennsylvania origin has also been known under the name Summer Bellflower (6, 7). SUMMER PEARMAIN, REFERENCES. I. M’Mahon, Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817: 104. fig. 3. Cobbett, 182r:par. 300. 4. Thacher, 1822:138. 5. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 6. Fessenden, 1828:129. 7. Kenrick, 1832:25. 8. Mag. Hort., 1:398. 1835. 9. Manning, 1838:47. 10. [b., Mag. Hort., 7: 49. 1841. 11. Downing, 1845:70. 12. Horticulturist, 2:544. 1848. 13. Thomas, 1849:136. fig. 14. Cole, 1849:103. 15. Phcenix, Horticulturist, AA72) tes50% 16) Emmons, Nak ast Ne We, 321r. 1S5i we. e172 Barry, “1855 :270, 18: Am. Pom. Soc: Cat, 1852. x19. Elliott, 1854:64. “fig. 20. Hooper, 1857:12, 106, 108. 21. Gregg, 1857:35. 22. Warder, 1867:582. fig. 23. Downing, 1869:78. fig. 24. Fitz, 1872:143, 160. 25. Hogg, 1884:7. 26. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 27. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234. 28. Ib., 1892:250. 29. Budd-Hansen, 1903:182. fig. SyNoNYMS. AMERICAN PEARMAIN (19). American Pearmain (20). American Summer (26). AMERICAN SUMMER PEARMAIN (7, 8, II, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27). American Summer Pearmain (10, 29). EARLY SUMMER PEARMAIN (2, 5,6). Early Summer Pearmain (7, 11, 14, 16, 19, 23, 25, of Coxe 13). SUMMER PEARMAIN (1, 3, 4, 9, I0, I5, 18, 26, 28, 29). Summer Pearmain (14). Watkins Early (19, 20). 212 Tue Apples oF NEw York. An amateur fruit which when perfect is beautiful and of mild, rich, excel- jent flavor (26). The tree being of slender, slow growth in the nursery is not a favorite with nurserymen and although it makes a large productive tree in the orchard it is not profitable as a market variety (22). It 1s de- sirable for family use because the fruit is suitable both for culinary and dessert purposes and the crop ripens in succession through a period of nearly two months. There is also another Summer Pearmain or English Summer Pearmain which ripens somewhat later.1 Historical. Supposed to be of American origin. It is an old variety; first described in 1817 by Coxe. Iona (Cie avin ey Ie) Fruit of medium size. Form variable, oblong or roundish inclined to conic, sometimes oblate. Stem medium to long. Cavity deep, acute, regular. Calyx large, open or closed. Basin medium size, abrupt, slightly wrinkled. Skin smooth, greenish-yellow, more or less covered with dull purplish-red, marbled, splashed and striped with brighter red. Dots minute. Core medium to small, roundish; cells closed. Seeds small, pointed. Flesh yellowish, very fine, tender, almost melting, juicy, aromatic, crisp, mild subacid, best. Season August and September. SUMMER QUEEN. REFERENCES. I. M’Mahon, Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817: 102. 3. Thacher, 1822:133. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 5. Wilson, 1828:136. 6. Kenrick, 1832:28. 7. Manning, 1838:46. 8. Downing, 1845:77. 9. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:489. 1848. fig. 10. Thomas, 1849 :141. 11. Cole, 1849:103. 12. Barry, 1851:282. 13. Waring, 1851:28. 14. Em- mons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:14. 1851. 15. Elliott, 1854:158. 16. Hooper, 1857:88, 107. 17. Gregg, 1857:39. 18. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1860:240. 19. Warder, 1867:545. fig. 20. Downing, 1869:370. fig. 21. Fitz, 1872:143, 161. 22. Jil. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1874:205. 23. Wickson, 1889:243. 24. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 25. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 26. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :183. fig. Synonyms. Lancaster Queen (15, 20%. Polecat (20). QUEEN (3, T3). Queen (6). Sharpe’s Early (20). SUMMER QUEEN (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26). Summer Oucen (3, 13): Sweet’s Harvest (1). Sweet's Harvest (3, 4, 6). Swett’s Harvest (2). A striped red apple of good size and excellent quality for culinary use, in season during late summer. In regions farther west it is a very popular variety for home use and is also considered by some desirable for market. The tree is a moderate grower with rather spreading habit and productive, yielding good crops almost annually. Historical. This is an old variety which is supposed to have originated in this country (4, 19, 26). It is commonly listed by nurserymen in most parts isRagan. U.S. .8: Pp: ie Buyl:; 56:300;, 7905; Tue AppLes oF NEW York. 212 of the country (25). So far as we have been able to learn it is not often grown in New York and is now seldom planted in this state. [Piniente (ies 12), is aG))). Fruit medium to large. Form roundish conical, somewhat angular. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity narrow to rather wide, regular, pretty deep. Calyx medium to large, open or closed. Basin shallow or none, furrowed. Skin yellow, striped, splashed and shaded with mixed red. Dots minute, yellow. Core medium size; cells open. Seeds numerous, acute, brown. Flesh whitish-yellow, sometimes with tinge of pink, firm, aromatic, juicy, subacid, good to very good for culinary use. Season August and September. SUMMER RAMBO. REFERENCES. I. Switzer, 1725 (cited by 7). 2. Duhamel, 1:28. 1768. 3. Forsyth, 1803:49. 4. Coxe, 1817:104. fig. 5. Forsyth, 1824:123. 6. Ken- rick, 1832:37. 7. Floy-Lindley, 1833:12. 8. Manning, 1838:47. 9. Downing, 1845 :94. 10. Thomas, 1849:141. 11. Elliott, 1854:178. 12. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. . 13. Warder, 1867:733. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:10. 15. Leroy, 1873:508. fig. 16. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:76. 17. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 18. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 19. (?) Revue Horticole, 66:202. 1894. 20. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:199. 21. Burrill and McCluer, Jll. Sta. Bul., 45:337. 1806. Synonyms. Cambour des Lorrains (15). Charmant Blanc (15). De Lor- raine (15). De Rambourg (15). De Rambure (15). De Notre-Dame (15). FRANK RAmBour (1, 7). Frank Rambour (9). Grosh (16). Gros-Ranibour d’Ete (15). Herbstbreitling (15). Lothringer Rambour d’Ete (15). Pomme de Notre-Dame (6). RAmesour (3). Rambour (15, 17). Rambour Blanc (15). (RAMBOUR D’AMERIQUE, 19)? RAMBOUR D'ETE (4, 8, 15). Rambour d’Ete (6,9, 10, 11). RAMBOoUR FRANC (2, 5, 6, 9, 12). Rambour Franc (4, 7, IO, II, 15, 21). Rambourg Aigre (15). Rambour Gros (7, of the English 6). Rambour Raye (6, 15). Rambu (15). Remboure d’Ete (15). SUMMER RAMBO (13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21). Summer Rambo (11). SUMMER RAM- BOUR (10, 11). Summer Rambour (4, 9). Fruit of the type of Grosh; very attractive in size, form and color; large, oblate, yellowish-green considerably striped and splashed with mixed red, good to very good. Season early autumn. Begins to ripen about a month earlier than Grosh. The tree is a strong grower, comes into bearing young and bears quite regularly yielding moderate to good crops. Although it has long been known in cultivation in this country it has not gained much recognition among New York fruit growers. The fine color and size of this variety combined with its comparatively good quality recommend it for home use or local market. It is an old variety and has been tested in many parts of the United States but its cultivation has never become extensive. These facts would indicate that it has weaknesses not apparent to the casual observer. Possibly it is worthy of further trial in this state. 214 THe AprLes oF NEW York. Historical. This variety is said to have originated in France (15). It has long been known in this country having been described by Coxe in 1817 and Kenrick in 1832 (4, 6). It was listed in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society under the name Rambour Franc from 1862 to 1871 (12, 14, 20). It is still listed by nurserymen (18). It is comparatively little known in New York state but is more often found in cultivation in Ohio and regions farther west. TREE. Tree vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs moder- ately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large to very large, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate to roundish oblate, sometimes slightly ovate, sometimes faintly ribbed, pretty regular; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, rather thick. Cavity nearly acuminate, deep to medium in depth, rather broad, usually symmetri- cal, sometimes lipped, sometimes slightly russeted close to the stem. Calyx rather large, closed or sometimes slightly open; lobes medium to short, rather narrow, acute to obtuse. Basin deep to sometimes medium, wide to medium in width, abrupt, smooth, symmetrical. Skin thick, tough, smooth, attractive clear bright yellow or greenish, in well colored specimens largely washed and mottled with lively pinkish-red, conspicuously marked with many broken stripes and splashes of bright car- mine. Dots numerous, usually small and submerged, but some are scattering, large, brown or russet. Prevailing effect striped. Calyx tube medium in length, rather wide, broadly conical. Stamens median to marginal. Core rather small, axile; cells nearly closed; core lines meeting or slightly clasping. Carpels roundish to roundish ovate approaching elliptical. Seeds frequently abortive, rather large, wide, plump, acute, moderately dark brown. Flesh yellowish-green, firm, breaking, coarse, tender, very juicy, mildly subacid, somewhat aromatic, good. Season September to November. SUMMER REDSTREAK, REFERENCE. 1. Downing, 1869 :371. Synonyms. None. A September apple which originated in Columbia county, N. Y. According to Downing (1) the tree is moderately vigorous and productive. The fruit medium, yellowish, shaded, striped and splashed with rich red; flesh white, sometimes a little stained next the skin, brisk subacid, valued for cooking. We have neither seen this variety nor received any report concerning it. Tue AppLes or New York. 215 SUMMER ROSE, REFERENCES. I. M’Mahon, Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817: 103. “#g. 3. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:476. 4. Wilson, 1828 :136. 5. Fessenden, 1828:131. 6. Kenrick, 1832:29. 7. Manning, 1838:47. 8. Downing, 1845:77. 9. Horticulturist, 2:483. 1848. 10. N. Y. Agr. Soe. Trans., 1848:277. fig. 11. Thomas, 1849:141. fig. 12. Cole, 1849:101. fig. 13. Waring, 1851:31. 14. Barry, 1851:282. 15. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 16. Elliott, 1854:107. fig. 17. Gregg, 1857:39. 18. Hooper, 1857:87. 19. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 20. Warder, 1867:616. 21. Fitz, 1872:143, 160. 22. [/l. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1875:112. 23. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 24. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1887:630. col. pl. 25. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 26. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:250. 27. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:122. 1901. 28. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:309. Ig0I. 29. Far- rand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. 30. Budd-Hansen, 1903:183. fig. Synonyms. French Reinette (10). Harvest Apple (2, 3, 6). Lippincott (10, 13, 16). Lodge’s Early (23). SUMMER ROSE (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 10, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 20, 30). Wolman’s Harvest (16). Woolman’s Early (11, 14, 17). Wootman’s Harvest (1). Woolman’s Harvest (8, 10, 16). Woolman’s Striped Harvest (11). A little dessert apple. Thomas rated it better in quality for the table than Early Harvest but less productive and too small for general value (11). The tree is a moderately vigorous or slow grower but is hardy, comes into bearing young and is productive. Suitable for culinary use in July, ripe in August. Historical. This is an old New Jersey apple which Coxe described as of singular beauty and excellent for both eating and stewing; the size is mod- erate, the form flat, the skin smooth, of a beautiful yellow resembling wax, blended with red in streaks and blotches (2). It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (26) but is now seldom or never planted in New York. ERO (Serie Gs 2052558 80)). Fruit small to nearly medium. form roundish, somewhat oblate. Stem rather short to medium, varying from stout to slender. Cavity shallow, acute, regular. Calyx small, closed or partly open. Basin regular, wide, abrupt, slightly furrowed. Skin smooth, waxen, very pale yellow, striped and splashed distinctly with bright red and carmine on the exposed cheek. Dots minute. Core medium to large; cells closed; core lines meeting. Seeds ovate, nu- merous, short, plump. Flesh white, fine-grained, crisp, very tender, sprightly, juicy, subacid, agree- able but not rich, suitable for either culinary or dessert use. SUMMER SPITZENBURG., REFERENCE. 1. Downing, 1872:36 app. fig. Synonyms. French Spitzenburgh (1). SUMMER SpitzENBURGH (1). This is a September apple of attractive color. It is but little grown in New York. The tree is large, upright or roundish, a good grower, hardy, 210 Tue Apries oF New York. long-lived and reliably productive yielding good crops biennially. It is not considered valuable for commercial planting because the fruit is apt to be undersized and drops badly. By some it is esteemed for home use. Historical. Downing states that it originated with Woolsey Ostrander, Plattekill, Ulster county, N. Y. (1). Fruit (1). Fruit medium, whitish almost covered with red and overspread with thin bloom. Flesh moderately juicy, a little aromatic, good to very good. Season August and September. SUMMER SWEET, REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 14:388. 1848. fig. 2. Cole, 1849:97. 3. Hooper, 1857:87. 4. Downing, 1869 :372. SYNONYMS. SUMMER SWEET (2, 3, 4). SUMMER SWEETING (1). A yellow sweet apple ripe in August and September. The tree is of me- dium size, moderately vigorous, spreading, productive. Fruit medium size, roundish oblate inclined to conic; flesh whitish, tender, rich, sweet (2, 4). Historical. An old Connecticut apple (1, 2, 4) now but very seldom found in cultivation in New York. SWEET BOUGH. REFERENCES. I. (?) Amer. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:101. fig. 3. (?) Thacher, 1822:121. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 5. Wil- son, 1828:136. 6. Fessenden, 1828:131. 7. Kenrick, 1832:26. 8. Floy-Lind- ley, 1833:84. 9. Manning, 1838:46. 10. Downing, 1845:74. 11. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:486. 1848. fg. 12. Cole, 1849:09. 13. Thomas, 1849:135. 14. Phoenix, Horticulturist, 4:472. 1850. 15. Barry, 1851:279. 16. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1852. 17. Elliott, 1854:109. fig. 18. Hooper 1857-20.) 20,005 1857:107, III. 20. Gregg, 1857:35. 21. Warder, 1867:494. fig. 22. Down- ing, 1869:250. 23. Fitz, 18727143. 24. Jb., 18727161. 25) eroy ts 73auS fig. 26. Downing, 1881:11 index, app. 27. Hogg, 1884:129. 28. Wickson, 1889 :243. 29. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 30. Jb., 1892:243. 31. 1b., 1892: 250. 32. Amer. Gard., 15:404. 1804. fig. 33. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895:192. 34. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:200, 202. 1897. 35. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 4:4. 1807. figs. 36. Beach, W. N. Vo Hiart. Soc. Rpt., 1901 :76. 37. Budd-Hansen, 1903:55. SynonyMs. dugust Sweet (22). August Sweeting (12). Autumn Bough (11). BoucH (4, 5, 11, 13,.24, 25, 20, 34). Bough (Gy 1onte yee eae BoucH APPLE (2, 6, 8, 20). Boucu, Early Sweet (18). Boucu, Sweet (37). (Bow AppLe I, 3)? Earty Boucu (7,9). Early Bough (11, 25, 27). Early French Reinette (4). Early Sweet Bough (10, 11, 13, 17, 22). Early Sweet- heart (36). Larcz Boucu (21). Larce Earty Boucu (28). Large Early Yellow Bough (27). LaArceE Sweet BoucH (109, 30). Large Sweet Bough (15). Larce YELLow BoucH (10, 16, 22, 23, 26, 27, 33). Large Yellow SWEET BOUGH Tue AppLtes or New York. 207, Bowe irr, 13, l5;, 175.20; 21, 25, 30,-31, 345 35; 37) Naack Pippin (7): Pound’s July (26). Sweet BoucH (12, 14, 17, 31, 32, 35, 36). Sweet Bough (7, 13, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 33, 34). Sweetbough (28). Sweet Harvest (10, 11, 17, 22, 25, 27). Yellow Bough (12). Washington (17, 25, incorrectly 22). This variety is a universal favorite throughout the state for the home orchard. Hovey (11) well says of it: “ The Bough is one of cur finest summer apples, having all the good qualities which should recommend a fruit for general cultivation. The tree is moderately vigorous, making a handsome head, and bears abundant crops of large, very fair fruit, which begins to ripen the last of July, and remains in eating till the first of September. As a table apple, it will not rank as high as the Early Harvest; but, as a kitchen fruit, in its honied sweetness and tender flesh, it has no equal of its season. It should be found in every good collection.” It is handled to a limited extent in local markets, but is too soft to stand shipping to distant markets. It cannot be ranked among the profitable commercial varieties. The tree comes into bearing rather young, and under favorable conditions is long-lived, speci- mens being found sixty to eighty years old which are still quite pro- ductive. In unfavorable locations the tree is sometimes injured by winter, and the branches are attacked somewhat by the apple canker. Historical. This was described by Coxe in 1817 under the name Bough apple (2) It is evidently of American origin. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading to roundish, dense. Twigs short, straight, moderately stout with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark clear brown mingled with olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; not pubescent. JLenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds medium in size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish conic or ovate to sometimes slightly oblong conic with broad and rather flat base, pretty regular; sides often unequal. Stem short to medium, moder- ately thick, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, deep, rather broad, some- times furrowed or compressed, usually smooth. Calya small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes often leafy, sometimes separated at base, long, 218 THE Apples or NEw York. narrow, acute. Basin rather small, medium to rather shallow, narrow, a little abrupt, smooth or slightly wrinkled. Skin rather thick, tough, smooth, pale greenish-yellow often changing to yellowish-white, sometimes faintly blushed. Dots numerous, small, often light colored and submerged, sometimes russet. Calyx tube long, wide at top, conical to funnel-shape. Stamens median. Core rather large to medium, abaxile to nearly axile; cells closed or open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to cordate, slightly emarginate, slightly tufted. Seeds light brown, medium to rather small, plump, acute. Flesh white, moderately firm, fine, somewhat crisp, very tender, juicy, sweet, slightly aromatic, good to very good. Season August and early September. SWEET FALL PIPPIN. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:192. 2. Warder, 1867:733. 3. Thomas, 1875 :513. Synonyms. None. A large, greenish-yellow apple, good either for dessert or for culinary uses; in season from October to January. The tree is large, spreading, vigorous to very vigorous, hardy and a reliable cropper yielding good crops annually or nearly annually. It is not a good variety for commercial plant- ing. Downing refers to it as being grown in Westchester county (1). It is also occasionally found in Western New York. We do not find it listed by nurserymen and it is gradually going out of cultivation. SWEET RUSSET. REFERENCES. I. Warder, 1867:528. fig. 2. Downing, 1869:377. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :250. Synonyms. Summer Russet (2). Sweet Russet (1, 2, 3). A small roundish or oblate apple, yellow, mostly covered with light russet tinged with red in the sun, juicy, sweet, very good; season September and October. Tree large, spreading and drooping, a moderately vigorous grower, hardy, long-lived and usually a reliable cropper yielding good crops bien- nially. Origin unknown. It was at one time disseminated by Parsons and Company, Flushing, N. Y. The name Sweet Russet has also been applied to the variety described as Pumpkin Russet on page 170. SWITZER. REFERENCES. I. Hoskins, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880:50. 2. Jil. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 :55. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:91. 4. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:436. 5. la. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:12. No. 304. 6. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:16. 7. Can. Hort., 12:344. 1889. 8 Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1889:14. 9. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1890:18. No. 304. 10. THE Apples or NEw York. 219 Can. Hort., 13:216. 1890. 11. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1890:418. col. pl. 12. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 13. Amer. Gard., 13:639. 1802. 14. Can. Hort., 16:359. 1893. 15. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:279. 1804. 16. Amer. Gard., 16:332, 412. 1895. fig: 17. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt, 14:255. 1895. 18. Can. Hort., 20:183, 412. 1897. 19. Amer. Gard., 19 :652. 1898. 20. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901:98. 21. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:103. 1902. 22. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85. 1902. 23. Budd- Hansen, 1903:186. fig. 24. Thomas, 1903 :303. SYNONYMS. SUISLEPPER (3, 4). Swzislepper (5). SWITZER (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, OalOy Uy Te k3, 04 D5, LOw LZ, 1O.elO 20, 21 22.423 24) aS cutteer( 38d): When well grown this is a very handsome fruit of medium size or below, nearly white with beautiful blush. It is very good in flavor and quality either for dessert or culinary uses. As fruited at this Station the tree comes into bearing rather early and is a fairly reliable cropper yielding pretty good crops biennially. As compared with standard varieties of its season it does not appear to merit the attention of New York fruit growers. Historical. A Russian apple imported by the U. S. Department of Agri- culture in 1870. It was received in 1888 for testing at this Station from T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved and crooked branches. Form spreading, rather flat, open. wigs short, curved, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark dark brown, streaked with heavy scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds large, prominent, broad, plump, obtuse, free, heavily pubes- cent. FRUIT. Fruit below medium to above medium. Form roundish or oblate, regular. Stem medium to rather long, rather slender. Cavity acuminate, moderately shallow, narrow, lightly russeted with thin, greenish-russet. Calyx small, closed; lobes medium in length, narrow, acute. Basin shallow or almost none, narrow to wide, furrowed, often wrinkled. Skin clear white or becoming yellowish, washed with bright pink which often deepens to crimson. Dots whitish, obscure. Calyx tube variable, elongated conical to cylindrical or funnel-form. Stamens median to somewhat basal. Core large, axile; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels round, deeply emarginate. Seeds large, dark brown, medium in width, long. Flesh white, firm, fine, juicy, mild subacid, good. Season late August to October. Vor. Il — 19 220 Tue AppLes or NEw York. SYEVES TER. REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 17:150. 1862. 2. Warder, 1867:617. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:379. 4. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1871:154. 5. Fitz, 1872:170. Synonyms. None. A waxen-white fruit with crimson blush and brisk subacid flesh; very good for culinary uses. Season September and October. The tree is large, roundish, moderately vigorous, hardy, long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially. It is not desirable for commercial planting because the fruit shows bruises very readily. Historical. Originated at Lyons, N. Y. (3). It is but little grown even in the locality of its origin. TART BOUGH. REFERENCES. 1. Thomas, 1849:142. 2. Elliott, 1854:178. 3. Warder, 1867:734. 4. Downing, 1869 :380. Synonyms. Sour Bough of some (4). Tart BouGH (1, 2, 3, 4). An old variety which according to Downing (4) was originated and dis- seminated by Judge Buel of Albany, N. Y. Elliott (2) states that it resembles Early Harvest, but it ripens ten days later, has more acid and the trees aré more rapid in growth. He regarded it as unworthy of cultivation. Downing recognizes another Tart Bough the fruit of which is small and whitish with white, tender flesh, juicy, sprightly, pleasant subacid, good. Season August (4). We do not know either of these varieties. TETOFSKY. REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1291. 2. Manning, Mag. Hort., 7:50. 1841. 3. Downing, 1845:78. 4. Thomas, 1849:141. 5. Elliott, 1854:111. fig. 6. Hooper, 1857:903. 7. Horticulturist, 14:425. 1859. 8. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 9. Horticulturist, 21:294. 1866. fig. 10. Warder, 1867:657. 11. Todd, 1871:120. fig. 12. Mich. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1872:458. fig. 13. Horticulturist, 29:317. 1874. 14. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876: 18. 15. Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:251. 16. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879: 22. 17. Barry, 1883:335. 18. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:27. 19. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 45:5903. 1886. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :298. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 22. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:588. 1892. 23. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:76. 24. Can. Hort., 19:358. 18696. 25. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:32. 1897. 26. Troop, Ind. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:81. 1899. 27. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:310. 1901. 28. Craig, Cyc. of Hort., 1901:1404. 29. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:104, 132. 1902. fig. 30. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:85. 31. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:56. 1902. 32. Budd-Hansen, 1903:188. fig. SYNONYMS. TETOFFSKY (2). TETOFSKI (10, 12, 27, 29). TETOFSKY (1, 3, 4,5, 6; 7; 8, 9, 11, 13,'14,'15, 16, 17, 18, 19420, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 20,28) Gute 32). Tetofsky (29). TETOFSKY Tur Apples oF NEW York. 221 A Russian apple below medium size, yellow, striped with crimson, sprightly acid, suitable for culinary use in July, ripe in August. The tree is very hardy, very upright, deep rooted, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially or sometimes annually. Desirable for planting in regions where superior hardiness is particularly desired. It is but little earlier than Yellow Transparent which is superior to it in size and dessert qualities. There is a limited demand for the fruit in some local and special markets. Historical. Tetofsky is one of the pioneers of the Russian varieties in this country having been imported by the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety from the London, England, Horticultural Society about 1835 (28). Manning (2) described it as early as 1841 as a new fruit of value. It has been widely disseminated particularly in regions where its superior hardiness renders it peculiarly valuable. It has never been commonly grown in New York state and is now seldom planted here. TREE. Tree medium size to dwarfish, moderately vigorous, deep rooted with moderately stout branches filled with small spurs. Form very erect, rather dense. Twigs short, straight, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dull brown with tinge of red, lightly coated with gray scarf-skin, slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small, oblong, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to rather small but usually below medium; uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape. Form oblate or roundish, a little inclined to conic, pretty regular. Stem medium in length, rather slender. Cavity obtuse, medium to rather deep, moderately broad, usually symmetrical, gently fur- rowed. Calyx rather large, closed; lobes long, moderately broad. Basin shallow, medium in width, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin moderately thick, somewhat tough, smooth, waxy, greenish-yellow, more or less striped and splashed with rather attractive bright red, over- spread with very faint bloom. Many specimens have little or no red. Dots inconspicuous, pale or greenish, submerged. Calyx tube long, wide, funnel-shape with broad cylinder varying to nearly urn-shape. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, concave. Seeds medium size, short, moderately plump, somewhat obtuse. Flesh white, firm, a little coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly, slightly aromatic, subacid, fair to good. Season late July to early September. 222 THe Apples or NEw York. THALER, REFERENCES. 1. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881:54. 2. Tuttle, Ib., 8:135. 1881-82. 3. [b., 1883:94. 4. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883: 438. 5. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:14. 6. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 7. Schroeder, /b., 1886-87:79. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 236. g. Ib., 1892:251. 10. Green, Minn. Sta. Bul., 32:240. 1893. 11. Jack, Gard. and For., 7:99. 1804. 12. Hoskins,. Jb., 7:138. 1804. 13. Rural N. Y., 54:539. 1805. 14. Troop, Ind. Ste. Rpt., 1899:81. 15. Hansen; SDN Stas Bul, 7Oe38. | 1002) SYNONYMS. CHARLOTTENTHALER (2, 6, 7, 8, 11, 15). Charlottenthaler (3, 4). CHARLOTTEN THALER (13). Charlotten Thaler (10). Charlottenthaler Apple (1). Charlottelthaler Golba (5). No. 147 (7). SCHARLOTTENTHALER GoLBa (I, 3, 4). THALER (5, 9, 10, 12, 14). Yellow Transparent (11). A Russian variety of the Yellow Transparent type. It resembles the Yellow Transparent so closely that some have considered them identical but they are distinct (6, 12). Since Yellow Transparent is superior in health, vigor and productiveness Thaler is not recommended for planting. THOMPSON. REFERENCES. 1. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:104. 1902. 2. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1902:85. SynonyMs. THOMPSON (1). THompson No. 24 (2). Thompson’s Seed- ling No. 24 (1). Fruit of pretty good size, striped red and yellow, rather attractive. Flesh subacid, fair or possibly good in quality. Season late winter. The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing rather young and bears nearly annu- ally yielding moderately good crops. This is a new variety which has gained recognition in the upper Mississippi valley on account of its hardiness in that region. It is also reported as promising in the Northern apple districts of Maine (2). It is not worthy of planting in this state where standard varieties of its season succeed but may be worth testing in those localities where a tree of superior hardiness is desired. Historical. Originated by J. S. B. Thompson, Grundy county, Ia., and first propagated under the name Thompson Seedling No. 24 (1). In 1892 it was received for testing at this Station from the Jewell Nursery Company, Lake City, Minn., by which the variety was introduced. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, slender, curved, droop- ing branches. Form spreading, open, inclined to droop. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout; internodes medium. Bark brown tinged with red, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, medium size, oval, raised, conspicuous. Buds medium size, broad, obtuse to acute, free, slightly pubescent. Tue AppLes oF NEw York. 22 3 FRvuIT. Fruit below medium to above or rather large. Form roundish or round- ish oval, pretty regular but somewhat unequal. Stem medium in length, slender. Cavity acuminate to acute, deep, medium in width to rather nar- row, more or less russeted. Calyx medium size, open; lobes separated at base. Basin deep, narrow to rather wide, abrupt, somewhat furrowed. Skin pale yellow more or less overspread and mottled with pinkish-red striped and splashed with carmine. Dots grayish or brownish, few, small, inconspicuous. Calyx tube short, conical to funnel-form. Stamens basal to median. Core medium size, abaxile; cells fairly symmetrical, open; core lines nearly meeting. Carpels nearly cordate to elliptical. Seeds numerous, medium size, flat, moderately acute. Flesh white, moderately fine, crisp, rather tender, juicy, subacid to mild subacid, fair to good. Season October to early winter or midwinter. TINMOUTH. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:197. 2. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 3. Downing, Horticulturist, 19:145. 1864. figs. 4. Warder, 1867:734. 5. Downing, 1869 :383. 6. Thomas, 1875:514. 7. Taylor, dm. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895 :193. 8. Burrill and McCluer, J/l. Sta. Bul., 45:343. 1896. 9. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:310. 1001. SYNONYMS. TEIGNMOUTH (3). Teignmouth (5,6). T1InMouTH (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9). Tinmouth Sweet (8). Vermont Pippin (3, 5). Tinmouth is a fall and early winter apple of good size, good quality and rather attractive appearance. The tree is a good grower, with an upright habit. It is a regular cropper and very productive. It does not seem to be desirable for general commercial planting in New York. Historical. Downing remarked that this variety originated at Tinmouth, Vt., and was much esteemed in the region of its origin (5). Waugh calls it a good apple and states that it is almost unknown in Grand Isle county but is much more common in other parts of Vermont (9). So far as we have discovered it is but little known in New York. FRuIT. Fruit medium to large. Form oblate to roundish, regular or obscurely ribbed; sides often distinctly unequal. Stem often bracted, short to medium, usually not exserted. Cavity large, acute or approaching acuminate, deep, broad, russeted- and with outspreading russet rays. Calyx small, partly closed or open; lobes often small, sometimes long, acute, recurved. Basin rather large, deep, moderately wide, abrupt to moderately abrupt, often somewhat wrinkled. Skin tender, pale yellow or greenish, often with a bright deep blush and overspread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, greenish or russet, giving the surface a somewhat rough appearance. Prevailing effect yellow. 224 THE AppLes or NEW York. Calyx tube rather small, cone-shape or approaching funnel-form. Stamens median. Core rather small, axile or nearly so; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to obcordate, emarginate, mucronate. Seeds rather large, broad, somewhat obtuse. Fiesh whitish tinged with yellow, moderately fine, tender, rather juicy, mild subacid with a peculiar flavor, sprightly, good in quality. Season October to early winter or midwinter. TitOvVKA. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:44. 1881-82. fig. 2. Ib., 8:74.) 1coi-S2). 3. la, Hort Soc. pt, 1882-80" 4.) biddaignea are Cole Bul., 1883:31. 5. Gibb, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:431. ‘6. Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:173. 7. Barry, 1883:335. 8. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:8. g. Thomas, 1885:526. 10. Gibb, AlZontreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:15. 11. Schroeder, Jb., 1886-87:78. 12. Hoskins, Can. Hort., 13:175. 1800. 13. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 14. Taylor, Me. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1892:58. rs. Troop; Ind: Sita. Bul., 53:124. 1804. _16. Beach, WVi 7s) Sareea 13:584. 1894. 17. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1896:77. 18. Mass. Hatch Sta. Bul., 44:4.. 1897. 19. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:15. 20. Woolverton, Ont. Fr Sias. An, Rpt., 6:11. 1800; figs: 21. Troop, Inds Stas kpiee 16QQrom 22. Eneroth-Smirnoff, 1901:470. 23. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:105. tI9g902. fig. 24. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85. 1902. 25. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 188. fig. 26. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:58. 10903. 27. Far- rand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:46. 1903. Synonyms. No. 134 (11). No. 230 Gov. (4). Titovca (9). TiTovKA (i Oe 7 ey MO) Te Ie ee ey Ty IH IAC N Zio, Bil, 22, 29, Ba, AIS. ZG, 27). TiTowKA (5). Titus APPLE (2, 3, 4). Titus Apple (1, 5, 7). Titus Riga (25). A Russian apple, large, roundish or somewhat oblong, green- ish-yellow, handsomely shaded and striped with red and covered with light bloom. When fully mature the ground color is yel- low and the red is bright and dark often nearly covering the fruit. Quality good to very good for culinary use. Season August and September. The tree is a vigorous grower, comes into bearing rather young and is moderately productive. It is one of the best Russian apples of its season which we have tested. The crop does not ripen uniformly and more than one picking is required in order to secure the fruit in prime condi- tion for market. Titovka is perhaps worthy of testing for market where fruit of this type and season is desired. Tue AppLes oF NEW York. 225 This appears to be the variety which Hansen describes under the name Titovka Department, which name he adopts to distin- guish it on the one hand from a variety called Titovka with Titus Riga as a synonym and on the other from a variety called Titovka Speer (23). Historical. Imported from Russia by the U. S. Department of Agricul- ture in 1870. It was received in 1883 from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for testing at this Station. In 1897 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society as a variety of value in the pomo- logical district which includes the Dakotas, Montana and Wyoming (19). It is but little known in New York and so far as we can learn its cultiva- tion is not increasing in this state. Fruit. Fruit large. Form roundish or somewhat oblong, a little inclined to conic, nearly regular, pretty symmetrical. Stem short, usually not exserted. Cavity acuminate, very deep, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; segments small, convergent. Basin moderately shallow to deep, very abrupt, wrinkled. Skin smooth, pale green becoming yellow, shaded and striped with bright red and overspread with light bloom. Calyx tube elongated cone-shape or funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells pretty symmetrical, open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish or somewhat obovate, emar- ginate. Seeds, few, rather small, plump. Flesh whitish, coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid, good to very good for culinary uses. Season August and September. TOM: PUY. REFERENCES. 1. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 1299. 2. Hogg, 1884: 220. Synonyms. Coclbrook (2). Marrow-bone (2). Tom Put (1). Tom letemene (A). A rather attractive red apple of good size, moderately coarse, subacid, fair to good for culinary uses. The tree is a moderately vigorous grower, comes into bearing rather early and yields full crops annually or nearly annually. As compared with standard varieties of its season it does not appear to be worthy of the attention of New York fruit growers. Historical. This is an old English variety (1, 2). In 1892 it was re- ceived for testing here from W. and T. Smith, Geneva, N. Y. 226 THe AprLes or NEw York. AUFTS: REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 14:519. 1848. 2. Cole, 1849:107. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 16:496. 1850. fig. 4. Hovey, 2:23. 1851. col. pl. 5. Down- ing, 1857:198. 6. Warder, 1867:734. 7. Thomas, 1885:527. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 9g. [b., 1892:251. 10. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 11:580, 596. 1892. 11. Burrill and McCluer, J/l. Sta. Bul., 45:344. 1896. 12. Powell and Fulton, U.S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:58. 1003.- 13. Beach and/@lask oer. Sta. Bul., 248:147. 1904. Synonyms. Turts (3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12,13). Turrs BALDWIN (2, 5, 6,9). Tufts Baldwin (7, 10, 12, of some 3 and 5). Turrs SEEDLING (1). An apple of the Baldwin group, somewhat like Baldwin in form, color and general appearance, but more mild in flavor and less desirable for market or culinary uses. In ordinary storage it is in season from October to January with October as the commercial limit, but in cold storage it may be held through the winter (13). In some years nearly all of the fruit is discolored at the core. The crop does not ripen evenly, and there is apt to be considerable loss from dropping of the fruit. The tree is large, a pretty good grower, comes into bearing rather early and yields full crops biennially. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. This variety originated in Cambridge, Mass., about 1830. It was first exhibited at the annual show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1848 (4). It is now rarely listed by nurseymen (8, 9) and is seldom or never planted in this state. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous. Form very spreading, flat, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium size, cblong, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large or nearly so, quite uniform in size and shape. Form round- ish to roundish oblate, sometimes with a broad protuberance above the cavity on one side, often flattened at apex, broadly ribbed. Stem long, rather slender. Cavity acute to acuminate, medium in depth to deep, rather broad, often furrowed, usually with outspreading, irregular, greenish-russet. Calyx medium to rather small, usually closed. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width to wide, obtuse to somewhat abrupt, slightly wrinkled, somewhat ridged. Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, green or yellowish nearly covered with bright deep red like the Baldwin, not striped or with indistinct stripes of purplish carmine. Dots conspicuous, medium to rather small, gray or russet. Calyx tube medium in length, conical or funnel-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core large, axile or nearly so; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish, often discolored, rather flat, emargin- THe AppLes oF NEw York. 227 ate. Seeds often few, not well developed, dark brown, large, long, some- what acute, slightly tufted. Flesh tinged with yellow or greenish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tender, moderately juicy, rather mild subacid, fair to good. Season October to December or January. TWENTY OUNCE. REFERENCES. 1. Mag. Hort., 10:210. 1844. 2. Downing, 1845:140. 3. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 13:70. 1847. fig. 4. Thomas, 1849:153. 5. Cole, 1849: 120. 6. Elliott, 1854:126. 7. Hooper, 1857:904. 8. Downing, 1857:108. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 10. Warder, 1867:510. fig. 11. Downing, 1869 :388. 12. Fitz, 1872:168. 13. Leroy, 1873:261. fig. 14. Barry, 1883: 356. 15. Wickson, 1889:245. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:208. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:236. 18. /b., 1892:251. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903: 19l. 20. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. J. Bul., 48:59. 1903. 21. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:147. 1904. Synonyms. Aurora (8, II, 13). Cabashaw, incorr. (21). CayucA RED STREAK (6, 10, 17). Cayuga Red Sireak (3, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22). Coleman (8, 11, 13). De Vin du Conn. (13). Drx-HuIT ONCcES (2,13). Eighteen Ounce (4, 6,13). Eighteen Ounce Apple (2,8, 11). Gov. Seward’s (3, 6). Lima (8, 11, 13). Morgan’s Favorite (8, 11, 13). TWENTY OUNCE (1, 2; 3, 4, 5, 7, & 9, Il, I2} 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21). Twenty Ounce (6, 10, 13). Twenty Ounce Apple (2, 3, 6, 8, II, 12). wenty Ounce Pippin (3, err. 4 and 6). Wine (21, of Conn. 11). This is one of the most satisfactory of the fall varieties for commercial planting in New York. It is also highly esteemed for home use. The fruit is large, attractive, green becoming yellowish with broad stripes and splashes of red. It is in sea- son from September to early winter. It keeps well for a fall variety and stands shipping well. Usually it should be handled direct to the consumer without going into cold storage. In common storage the fruit goes down rapidly during October and November. In cold storage it may be kept till midwinter (21). It hangs pretty well to the tree for so large an apple, is pretty uniform in size and generally reliable and satisfactory in color and quality. The fruit is in good demand in general market and sells at good prices. It is especially esteemed for culinary uses but it is inferior to other varieties for evaporating. The tree is a rather vigorous grower with main branches erect and laterals rather willowy and more or less drooping. It seems to succeed particularly well in favorable locations in the 228 THE AprLes oF NEW York. apple belt south of Lake Ontario. It is especially subject to sunscald and canker on the trunk and larger limbs. For this reason it is desirable to topwork it upon some hardy and thrifty stock such as Tolman Sweet or Northern Spy. Careful atten- tion should be given to treating the canker.! The top is inclined to grow rather dense and requires constant attention to keep it properly pruned to admit the light to the foliage in all parts of the tree so that the fruit may color properly. The tree when full grown is of medium size or below medium and may be planted closer in the orchard than Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening or Northern Spy. It comes into bearing rather young and is almost an annual bearer yielding moderate to good or even heavy crops. The skin of the fruit is apt to be roughened by the application of spray mixtures. In spraying Twenty Ounce after the fruit is set, it is therefore desirable to use an abundance of lime in the bordeaux mixture and make the appli- cation uniform and thorough but not excessive. In different localities in New York Twenty Ounce is known under the various synonyms of Cayuga Redstreak, Wine Apple and Limbertwig. It is quite distinct from Twenty Ounce Pip- pin; see Volume I, page 349. Historical. This variety was brought to the notice of pomologists about sixty years ago (I, 3), when fruit of it grown in Cayuga county, N. Y., was exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. At that time its cultivation appeared to be mostly confined to Cayuga county and its origin was unknown. In 1857 Downing (8) reported that it originated in Connecticut but upon what authority we are unable to state. Twenty Ounce is well known in most of the apple-growing sections of the state and in certain districts its cultivation for commercial purposes appears to be increasing. It is pretty generally listed by nurserymen (17). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with branches moderately long and moderately stout. Form upright becoming roundish, dense; laterals willowy, slender and more or less drooping. wigs short, straight, slender; internodes medium. Bark reddish-brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticcls quite numerous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, flat, obtuse, appressed, pubescent. 1N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:399-418. 1899. JIb., 22:321-386. 1903. TWENTY OUNCE ™ THe AppLes oF NEW York. 229 Fruit. Fruit very large. Form variable, usually roundish or roundish conic, sometimes broadly ribbed. Stem deep set, short to medium, moderately thick or rather slender. Cavity acuminate, very deep, sometimes lipped, sometimes russeted. Calyx below medium size to above, usually closed. Basin often oblique, often shallow but occasionally deep, moderately narrow to rather wide, rather abrupt, broadly and deeply furrowed. Srin thick, tough, greenish becoming rather yellow, washed, mottled and splashed with bright red or deepening to dark or purplish-red with carmine stripes. Dots grayish or russet, small to large, often raised, sometimes whitish and submerged. Calyx tube large, long, wide, conical or funnel-shape extending to the core. Stamens usually basal. Core large, axile or somewhat abaxile; cells symmetrical, usually closed, sometimes wide open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels elongated ovate, slightly emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds medium size, round to narrow, obtuse to acute, variable. Flesh whitish somewhat tinged with yellow, coarse, moderately tender, juicy, subacid, good for culinary use, second rate for dessert. Season late September to early winter. RED TyPE oF TWENTY OUNCE. A red Twenty Ounce which originated at Hilton, Monroe county, N. Y., is being propagated under the name “ Collamer.” See page 306. hVREy BEAUMY, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:388. 2. Horticulturist, 24:52. 1869. fig. Synonyms. None. This was brought to notice about thirty-five years ago as a new seedling apple of value in the locality of its origin, Tyre, Seneca county, N. Y. Fruit medium, pale yellow, splashed, marbled and shaded with crimson. Flesh tender, slightly acid, neither rich nor peculiarly sprightly. Season early September (2). We are unacquainted with this variety and so far as we know it has not been grown outside of the locality of its origin. URTER REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 10:528. 1855. 2. [b., 23:10. 1868. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:389. 4. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 5:35. 1879. 6. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:472. 7. Thomas, 1885 :527. 8. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:97. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 1o. Harris, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1892:271. 11. Burrill and McCluer, Til. Sta. Bul., 45:311, 344. 1806. 12. Macoun, Can. Dept. Agr. Rpt., 1901: 98. 13. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:108. 1902. fig. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :193. fig. 230 THE APPLES OF NEW York. Synonyms. English Janneting (6). Fameuse (6). Seever’s Red Streak (6). Urrer’s (1).; Urter (@, 3; 4, 6, 7; 8, 0, 10; 11, 13, 14). Unters Arce Rep (9). Uvrer’s Rep (5, 12). Utter’s Red (13, 14). Fruit of good size, yellow and red, rather attractive in appearance. The tree is a rather upright regular grower, forming a full rounded head, healthy and productive (11). It is very hardy and on this account has been grown to some extent in regions where standard varieties do not suc- ceed (13, 14). Historical. Originated in Wisconsin where it was known as early as 1855 (1). It has been much grown in that state and in other parts of the Middle West (13, 14) but it is little known in New York. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large. Form usually roundish oblate varying to roundish, sometimes a little inclined to oblong, often somewhat broadly ribbed, pretty regular. Stem short to medium, moderately stout. Cavity acute to acuminate, deep, medium in width to wide, furrowed gently if at all, sometimes partly russeted. Calyx small, closed or partly open; lobes small, short, obtuse. Basin rather shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, abrupt, slightly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin moderately thick, tough, clear, rather pale yellow usually washed with orange-red and narrowly streaked with bright carmine. Some fruits show little or no red but on highly colored specimens the prevailing color is red. Dots not conspicuous, numerous, often submerged or whitish or occa- sionally with russet point. Calyx tube elongated funnel-form. Stamens median or below. Core sessile, medium size, abaxile; cells symmetrical, open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly roundish or approaching elliptical, but slightly emarginate if at all, smooth or slightly tufted. Seeds moderately numerous, medium to rather large, somewhat narrow to rather wide, obtuse or approaching acute, moderately light reddish-brown. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, somewhat coarse, crisp, tender, juicy, mild subacid, pleasantly flavored, good. Season October to December or later. VANDEVERE. REFERENCES. 1. Am. Gard. Cal., 1806:585. 2. Coxe, 1817:141. fig. 3. Thacher, 1822:139. 4. Buel, N. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 5. Floy- Lindley, 1833:85. 6. Downing, 1845:141. fig. 7. Thomas, 1849:173. 8. Cole, 1849:122. 9. Horticulturist, 10:87. 1855. 10. Jb., 11:89. 1856. iz. Warder, 1867:735. 12. Fitz, 1872:121, 140, 153. 13. AmiePomesoc Cat., 1873. 14. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:298. 15. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 16. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :193. SynonyMs. Ov-veye (8, 12). Staalcubs (2, 4). Stalcubs (3, 6). WANDER- VERE (2, 6, 9, 10, II). WANDEVEER (4). WANDEVERE (1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15; 10) THe Aprpres or NEw York. 231 The old variety which is commonly called Vandevere in New York is known to pomologists by the name Newtown Spitzenburg, under which name it is described in Vol. I, page 225. It originated in Newtown, L. I. The true Vandevere which we are here considering is quite distinct from this Newtown Spitzenburg. When in perfection Vandevere is a beautiful and fine apple, medium in size, marked with light red in indistinct streaks over a yellow background; well colored specimens become deep red; dots numerous, green or light gray; flesh yellowish, crisp and tender with a rich, sprightly, mild subacid flavor, valued especially for culinary purposes; in season from October to January. The tree is of medium size, spreading, moderately vigorous, not very productive (2, 6, 7). Historical. An old variety native of Wilmington, Del. (2, 6). It is some- times called the Vandevere of Delaware or the Vandevere of Pennsylvania. It has never been much cultivated in New York and is now seldom or never planted here. VANDEVERE PIPPIN. REFERENCES. 1. Phcenix, Horticulturist, 4:471. 1849. 2. Elliott, 1854 :113. fig. 3. Downing, 1857:199. 4. Hooper, 1857:94. 5. Warder, 1867:462. 6. Thomas, 1875:204. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903:193. fig. Synonyms. Baltimore of some, incorrectly (2). Big Vandevere (3). Fall Vandervere (2). Gibbon’s Smathhouse? (2). Gibbon’s Smokehouse ? (2). Imperial Vandervere (2). Indiana Vandevere (3, 6). Large Vander- vere (5). Millcreek (2). Millcreek Vandervere (2). Pennsylvania Vande- vere (2). Red Vandervere (2). Smokehouse? (2). Spiced Oxeye (2). Staalclubs (2). Striped Ashmore? (2). Striped Vandervere (2). VANDER- VERE (2). Vandervere (5). WANDERVERE PIPPIN (1, 5). Vandervere Pippin (2). VANDEVERE PIPPIN (3, 6, 7). Vandevere Pippin (4). VANDEVERE YELLow (4). Watson’s Vandervere (2, 5). Watson’s Vandevere (3, 6). Windower (1). Yellow Vandervere (2, 5). A large, coarse apple, yellow, more or less covered with marbled red and scarlet stripes; flesh of rather sharp acid flavor, excellent for culinary use but not esteemed for dessert (5); in season from September or October to early winter. The tree is vigorous, large, spreading, a reliable cropper and productive. The twigs and leaves much resemble those of Vandevere (5). It appears that it is no longer listed by nurserymen. Historical. Origin unknown (3, 5, 7). It has been grown to some extent in the West but has never been much cultivated in New York. VICTORIA. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1881:III app. fig. 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892: 251. 3. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:59. 1903. 4. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:148. 1904. SYNONYMS. VIcTORIA (3, 4). VicToRIA SwEET (1). Victoria Sweet (4). VICTORIA SWEETING (2). 222 THe AppLes or NEW York. a This variety belongs in the same group with Mabie. The fruit is of good medium size, dark red, with conspicuous, large dots somewhat like those seen on Westfield Seek-No-Further and Blue Pearmain. The flesh is moderately coarse, very tender, rather juicy, sweet, good to very good, for either dessert or culinary uses. In ordinary storage it is in season from October to January, with October as the commercial limit; in cold storage it may be held till January (4). The tree is a pretty good grower, comes into bearing rather young and yields full crops biennially. It is recom- mended for trial in Central and Eastern New York where a variety of this type is desired either for the home or for the local market. Historical. Origin uncertain. It is supposed by some to have originated in Chenango county. Probably it is nowhere grown extensively but it is culti- vated more in Chenango and adjacent counties than in any other region. It is occasionally listed by nurserymen (2). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with rather short, rather stocky, crooked branches. Form spreading. Twigs moderately long, rather slender; inter- nodes medium. Bark dull reddish-brown or olive-green, slightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, usually large and elongated. Buds medium size, rather narrow, plump, appressed, acute, pubescent. Leaves medium size, rather broad. Fruit. Fruit above medium to medium, fairly uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic, somewhat flattened at base, faintly and broadly ribbed. Stem usually short, moderately thick. Cavity moderately deep, medium in width to broad, symmetrical, often lipped, sometimes red and smooth, but often bright yellow russet or greenish-russet overspreads the cavity and radiates irregularly over the base in broken lines and splashes. Calyx small to medium, closed or partly open; lobes usually short and not separated at base, acute. Basin medium in depth to moderately deep, narrow to wide, somewhat abrupt, slightly wrinkled. Skin tough, nearly smooth, vellow, blushed and faintly mottled with rather dull red and marked with numerous, narrow stripes of deeper red. Highly colored specimens are purplish-red with obscure stripes. Dots or flecks conspicuous, gray or russet, becoming smaller and more numerous toward the cavity. Calyx tube short, medium size, conical or somewhat funnel-form. Stamens median to basal. Core medium to somewhat distant, usually abaxile; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish cordate to LASMS VIHOLOIA THE APPLES OF NEW YoRK. 233 elliptical, decidedly concave, tufted. Seeds numerous, dark, medium size, flat, acute to obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, very tender, juicy, sweet, good to very good. Season October to January. VICTUALS AND DRINK, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1845:141. 2. Thomas, 1849:163. 3. Emmons, Nat. Hist N: Y., 3:88. 1851. 4. Elliott, 1854:170: 5. Hooper, 1857 :94- 6. Warder, 1867:499. fig. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 8. Taylor, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1895 :200. Synonyms. Big Sweet (1, 4,5). Fall Green Sweet (6). Green Sweet of Indiana (6). Pompey (1, 4, 5, 6). VicruaLs AND DRINK (I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Fie tele A large, somewhat rough, dull green or yellowish apple often veined with russet. The flesh is sweet, very tender, fine-grained, very good to best in quality; in season from October to January or later. The tree is medium to rather large, upright or roundish, stocky, vigorous, very productive, often carrying so heavy a load of fruit that many of the apples are small. Down- ing states that it originated in the neighborhood of Newark, N. J., about 1750 (1). In 1873 (7) it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society but was dropped from that list in 1897. Bailey does not mention it in his Inventory of Apples Offered by American Nurserymen in 1892.1 It has been popular in some portions of the West but so far as we know has never been much cultivated in New York. It is undoubtediy an excellent variety for the home orchard. VINEUSE ROUGE. REFERENCES. I. Leroy, 1873:230. fig. 2. Ib., 1873:846. fig. 3. Hoskins, Ta: Hort. Soc: pt., 1879::414. _ 4. Gibb, 1b: 1883\:442-05. Ney Sta. An: Rpt., 3:20. 1884. 6 Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:16. 7. Craig, Montreal Hort Soc. Rpt, 125102. 1886-87.) 8: Beach Ma V.0Sta. eA epi tess oz 1892. 9g. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:240. 10. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12; 600. 1893. 11. Jb., 13:581. 1894. 12. Dempsey, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 1:24. 1894. fig. 13. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:110. 1902. Synonyms. Aromatic Spike No. 354 (13). ComptTe OrLorF (1). Count Ortorr (8). Count Orloff (13). De Revel (2). Granp SULTAN (3, 7, 9, 10, 12). Grand Sultan (2). Green Transparent (13). GROSKOE SELENKA GRUNER (5, II). Ortorr (6). Orloff (4). Orlovskoe (6). ORLOWSKOE (4). Ked Transparent (13). Revelstone Pippin (2). TRANSPARENTE JAUNE (2). Transparente Rouge (1). Transparente de Sainte-Léger (2). Transparente Verte (1). VINEUSE RouGE (13). Vineuse Rouge (1). Hansen gives the following description of this variety (13): “ Origin, Russia; as fruited in the Iowa Experiment Station orchard, this variety and Red Transparent, Count Orloff, Grand Sultan, Green Transparent and 1 An. Hort., 1892. Voi. Il — 20 234 THe AppeLes oF NEw York. Aromatic Spike No. 354 are identical or very similar. Tree a strong grower, round topped, a heavy annual bearer. Fruit medium to large, round oblate conic, regular; surface greenish-yellow, rarely faintly splashed with red on sunny side, overlaid with white bloom; dots large, white, few; cavity narrow, abrupt, with irregular patch of russet, stem short, stout, often clubbed; basin small, shallow; calyx, small, closed. Core closed or nearly so, clasping: tube long, funnel-shaped; flesh white, firm, juicy, fragrant, subacid, good for table, very good for cooking. Season very early, about one week before Yellow Transparent, but perishable and should be picked early to prevent water- coring and rotting on the tree. Evidently the name is a misnomer as it means Red Wine Colored.” As grown at this Station Count Orloff, Grand Sultan and Groskoe Selenka Griiner are identical or very similar, and none of them is very desirable. WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY, REFERENCES. 1. N. Y. Agr. Soc. Trans., 1849:117. 2. Mag. Hort., 23:26. 1857. 3. Hovey, 1b., 24:79. .1858. fig. 4. Am. Pom. So0¢..Gat 2o00.eg: Downing, 1869:396. fig. 6. Thomas, 1875:205. 7. Downing, 1881:11, 12 index, app. 8. Barry, 1883:341. 9. Wickson, 1889:244. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:2908. 11. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 12. Burnett, La. Ste Bul., 27:9026. 1804. 13. Powell and Fulton, U.S) Boe esas 48:60. 1903. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903:197. fig. 15. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:47. 1903. 16. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:150. 1904. Synonyms. Juniata (7). WASHINGTON (2, 3). Washington of Maine (7). Washington County Seedling (2). WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY (1, 4, 5; 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, 12, 13, 15, 16). WASHINGTON Strawberry (14). Washington Strawberry (3). Fruit smooth, of good size and pretty good color, fairly uniform ii: shape but somewhat variable in size, desirable for either dessert or culinary uses. It is quite variable in season in different years and in different localities. As fruited at this Station it comes in season in September or October, and some portion of the fruit may be kept in fair condition into the winter or sometimes through the winter. In ordinary storage its commercial limit is October, and in cold storage November (13, 16). The fruit hangs well to the tree. The tree is vigorous, hardy, healthy, moderately long-lived, comes into bearing rather early and is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops biennially or almost annually. It is a good variety for home use, but evidently is not wanted in market. Its season is rather short, and it begins to mature at a time when the markets are filled with other fruits. THE Apples OF NEw York. 235 Historical. Washington Strawberry was first exhibited at the Fair of the State Agricultural Society in Syracuse in 1849 (1, 3). It originated on the farm of Job Whipple, Union Springs, Washington county, N Y. (1). It was included in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1869 (4). It is still listed by nurserymen and has been disseminated to some extent in various parts of the continent. Although it has been known, for a half century it has failed to establish itself in the commercial orchards of this state and is but little known among New York fruit growers. TREE. Tree medium to large, vigorous to moderately vigorous. Form rather flat, spreading, open. Twigs below medium to short, straight or nearly so, rather slender to stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium or below. Bark clear brownish-red or with more or less olive-green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels scattering, small to medium, round or somewhat elongated, slightly raised. Buds medium to large, broad, plump, obtuse, free or nearly so, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to large or very large. Form globular, usually inclined to conic, base rounding or sometimes flattened, nearly regular; sides often a little unequal. Stem short and rather thick or sometimes long. Cavity below medium to medium, acute to somewhat acuminate, rather shallow to deep, narrow to moderately broad, occasionally lipped, often somewhat furrowed, usually thinly russeted. Calyx below medium to rather large, usually some- what open; lobes a little separated and broad at the base, narrow above, long, acute to acuminate. Basin small to medium, narrow to moderately wide, medium in depth, abrupt, somewhat furrowed, wrinkled. Skin rather thin, tough, smooth, somewhat waxy, greenish or yellow, washed and mottled with red, conspicuously splashed and striped with bright carmine and overspread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, russet or whitish and rather conspicuous, often submerged. Prevailing effect striped red. Calyx tube rather large, wide, cone-shape with core lines meeting, some- times becoming funnel-form with clasping core lines. Stamens basal or nearly so. Core below medium to above, axile or sometimes abaxile; cells not uni- formly developed, usually symmetrical and more or less open, sometimes closed; core lines meeting if the calyx tube is cone-shape, clasping if it is funnel-form. Carpels variable, ovate to broadly obcordate, sometimes a little emarginate, often tufted. Seeds dark, medium in size, rather long, some- what acute; often many are abortive. Flesh whitish tinged with yellow, firm, rather fine to a little coarse, crisp, tender, very juicy, pleasant subacid, sprightly, good to very good. Season from September or October into early winter. 230 THE AppLesS OF NEW YORK. WATER, REFERENCES. 1. Downing, Horticulturist, 19:172. 1864. figs. 2. Warder, 1867 :735. 3. Downing, 1869:397. fig. 4. Thomas, 1875:315. 5. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1877:16. 6. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:208. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :252. Synonyms. None. A mild flavored dessert apple of medium size, pale yellow or greenish with attractive blush of lively red; in season from October to December. The tree is a rather moderate grower, does not come into bearing young and is a biennial bearer yielding from fair to good crops. Not recommended for commercial planting. Historical. Origin Durham township, Bucks county, Pa. (1, 3). It was en- tered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1877 (5) and dropped from that list in 1897. It is but little known in this state. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, slender, curved branches. Form erect or roundish, rather dense. Twigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark dark brown, heavily coated with gray scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds rather prominent, medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium size. Form broadly ovate to roundish conic varying to oblong conic with flattened ends, nearly regular. Stem short to medium, slender. Cavity acuminate, rather narrow to moderately broad, moderately shallow to deep, often compressed, sometimes thinly russeted, the russet not extending beyond the cavity. Calyx small to medium, closed or open; lobes long, narrow, acute to acuminate. Basin varying from shallow to rather deep and abrupt, narrow to medium in width, furrowed and wrinkled. Skin pale yellow or greenish with very attractive, lively pinkish-red blush, in well colored specimens deepening to dark or purplish-red, not striped, over- spread with thin bloom. Dots numerous, medium to small, grayish or whit- ish, often submerged. Calyx tube short, wide, broadly conical. Stamens basal to median. Core rather small, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines slightly clasping. Carpels small, slightly obovate to obcordate, emar- ginate. Seeds medium in size, few, dark brown, varying from blunt and flat to acute and rather narrow. Flesh nearly white, fine, crisp, tender, juicy, pleasant mild subacid, good. Season October to December or later. WEALTHY. REFERENCES. 1. Downing, 1869:308. 2. Foster, Horticulturist, 25:362. 1870. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:10. 4. Thomas, 1875:515. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:19. 6. Ib., 1879:33. fig. 7. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879: WEALTHY —_— THE AppLes oF NEw York. 237 453. 8. Sheppard, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 8:140. 1881-82. 9g. Foster, Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1882:100. 10. Barry, 1883:356. 11. Gideon, dm. Pom. Soc. Rpt. 1885:114. 12. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:17, 27. 13. Rural IN. Y., 462494, 751. 1887: 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:92. 15; Can. Hort., 11:31. 1888. 16. Rural N. Y., 48:177. 1889. 17. Gibb, Mon- treal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:19. 1890. 18. Hamilton, 7b., 15:27. 1890. 19. Lyon, Wich. Harts Soc, Kpt., 1890:208. 20. Can. Hort. 14:T19; 13%; 331: Teor 2i. shaylor, Mes Pom. Soc. Kpt., 1892:°57: 22. Rural N.Y., 52 :705. [soa 23 Ont riGr AssnvAn. Rpt. 26:65. 1894. 24: Rural N.Y. Ba: 682. 1895. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt, 3:17. 1806. figs. 26. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:32. 1897. 27. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :357. 28. Am. Gard., 20:404. 1899. 29. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:312. 1901. 30. Hays, U. S. Div. of Vegetable Physiology and Pathology DU, 20:13. 1901. 31. Cam: Lort., 25:121. too2) 32. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 61:249. 1902. 33. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85, 90. 1902. 34. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:112. 1902. fig. 35. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:56. 1902. 36. Can. Hort., 26:12. 1903. 37. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :198. fig. 38. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:47. 1903. 39. Powell and Hulton, U.S: B. P: I Bul. 48:60. 1903. 40. Macoun, Can. Hort., 27:71. 1904. fig. of tree. 41. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:150. 1904. io, \mereain, (Ol SS. Ibi, I, i, Ie, TAD sGAle, AYO}, Synonyms. None. This variety is particularly valuable for cold climates because the tree is very hardy and the fruit sells well, being bright red and good in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. It is in season from October to early winter or mid-winter. In ordinary storage its commercial limit is October, but in cold storage it may be kept till January or later. It does not stand heat very well before going into storage, and goes down rather quickly (41). Young trees or trees which are making a thrifty growth produce fruit of good size, but mature, slow-growing trees are apt to yield a considerable percentage of undersized fruit, especially when they are overloaded, as is often the case. The crop ripens unevenly, and more than one picking should be made in order to secure the fruit in prime con- dition. If it is left upon the tree till fully colored there is apt to be considerable loss by dropping. The tree is a good thrifty grower when young, but with maturity it becomes a moderate or rather slow grower, forming a medium-sized or rather dwarfish tree. Wealthy is being planted for commercial purposes in many parts of the state, but in most localities the trees are as yet com- paratively young; in some sections of the state it is being planted 238 Tue Apples OF NEw York. more than any other apple of its season. Trees that have become old enough to develop the tendency to produce rather small fruit are in some places being grafted over to other sorts. In other places fruit growers, by adopting such treatment as thinning the fruit and keeping the soil fertile, continue to produce apples of good marketable size when the trees are mature. Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., from seed of the Cherry Crab, which he obtained about 1860 from Albert Emerson, Bangor, Me. (11, 28). Ragan (42) states that the fruit was first described in the Western Farmer in 1869. It has been extensively disseminated, par- ticularly in those apple-growing districts where a tree of superior hardiness is especially desired. It is generally listed by nurserymen and its cultivation is gradually increasing. TREE. Tree somewhat dwarfish to medium size, moderately vigorous with short, moderately stout, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open and somewhat drooping. wigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark dark brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, medium to small, oblong, not raised, rather conspicuous. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit above medium to large when well grown but often Small on old trees; pretty uniform in shape and quality but more or less uneven in size. Form roundish conic, slightly flattened at base, regular, symmetrical. Stem usually short to medium, but rather long on small fruit and rather slender. Cavity decidedly acuminate, rather deep, moderately narrow to rather broad. russeted. Calyx medium size, closed or partly open; lobes broad, obtuse to acute. Basin medium in depth to rather shallow, rather narrow, abrupt, smooth, symmetrical. Skin thin, tough, pale yellow or greenish, blushed and marked with narrow stripes and splashes of red, deepening in highly colored specimens to brilliant red, very attractive. Dots numerous, small, inconspicuous, pale or russet. Prevailing effect bright red. Calyx tube conical approaching funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to very small, axile or sometimes slightly abaxile; cells symmetrical, slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels medium to rather small, roundish, narrowing toward base and apex, smooth, flat. Seeds mod- erately dark brown, above medium, rather acute. Flesh whitish sometimes stained with red, moderately fine, crisp, tender, very juicy, agreeable subacid, sprightly, somewhat aromatic, good to very good. Season October to January. THe AppLes or New York. 239 WESTERN BEAUTY. REFERENCES. 1. Gardeners’ Monthly, 1861:124 (cited by 2). 2. Kenrick, Mag. Hort., 29:73. 1863. fig. 3. Warder, 1867:464. fig. 4. Downing, 1869: $0) 5. Wb: 1872):37 app. 6: Am: Pom. Soc. Cat. 1877.. 7. Batty, 1883/3356: 8. Thomas, 1885:528. 9. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 10. Burrill and Mc- Cluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:345. 1806. Synonyms. BEAutTy oF THE West (4). Beauty of the West (10). Big Rambo (3, 5). Musgrove’s Cooper (3, 4, 5). Onto Beauty (1). Ohto Beauty (3, 4, 5). WESTERN BEAUTY (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10). The three varieties, Western Beauty, Grosh and Summer Rambo, resemble each other so closely in fruit that it is practically impossible to distinguish the one from the other from the examination of the fruit alone. The Sum- mer Rambo, however, ripens about a month earlier than the other two varieties and it can consequently be readily distinguished in the orchard. Pomologists are in doubt as to whether the Grosh and Western Beauty are two distinct varieties or the same variety under two names. We have been unable to obtain sufficient evidence to determine this point. For a technical description of the fruit, see Grosh, page 89. Hyde King was received here for testing under the name Western Beauty and consequently is referred to under that name erroneously in some pub- lished accounts of its record at this Station. See Volume I, page 166. Historical. Origin unknown. First introduced to notice by William F. English of Rhinehart, Auglaize county, Ohio (1, 2). WHITE ASTRACHAN, REFERENCES. 1. Pom. Mag., 2:No. 96. 1829. col. pl. 2. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 32. 3. Floy-Lindley, 1833:6. 4. Mag. Hort., 1:391, 302. 1835. 5+ Manning, /b.,7:52. 1841. 6. Downing, 1845:78. 7. Emmons, Nat. Hasek N.Y. 3:17. tes. 9 8. Elliott} 1854179: “9: Warder1867-735. 10: Leroy, 1873:79. fig. 11. Thomas, 1875:516. 12. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1:9. 1876. 13. [b., 5:23. 1879. 14. Hogg, 1884:238. 15. Wickson, 1889 :243. 16, dim. Pom. Soc. Cat, 1889714. 17. Elansen, .S. 2). Sta. Bul, 767013, 1903: SYNONYMS. ASTRACAN BLANCHE (10). Astracan dEte (10). Astra- canischer Sommer (10). ASTRACHAN WuuteE (2). Blanche Glacee d’Ete (10). De Glace dEte (10). De Glace Hative (10). De Moscovie d’Ete (10). Gelee d’Ete (10). Glace de Zelande (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10). Glacee d’Ete (10). Naliwi Jabloky (10). Pomme Astrachan (3). Pomme d’Astrachan (2). Pyrus Astracanica (1, 2,6, 7). Taffitai (10). Transparent Apple (14). Transparente de Astracan (10). Transparente d’Ete (10). Transparente de Zurich (10). Transparente de Muscovie d’Ete (10). Trans- parent Muscovie (7). Transparent de Muscovie (1, 2, 3, 6, 8). WHITE ASTRACAN (I, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15). White Astracan (10). Wuuite ASTRACHAN (Gm Sur Er 12) 13.14, 16,07). A Russian apple of little or no value for this region. Fruit medium size, roundish to roundish oblate, waxen yellow or whitish with faint streaks of red; flesh white, acid, good for culinary use; season August and September (Gi-17).- 240 THE Apples OF NEW YorK. Historical. It has been known in this country for many years (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). It was not entered on the catalogue of the American Pomological Society till 1889 (16) and was dropped from that list in 1891. It is practi- cally unknown in New York. WHITE JUNEATING. REFERENCES. 1. Am. Gard. Cal., 1806:584. 2. Coxe, 1817:100. fig. 3. London Hort. Soc. Cat., 1831:No. 612. 4. Floy-Lindley, 1833:3. 5. Mag. Hort., 1:326. 1835. 6. Downing, 1845:78. fig. 7. Thomas, 1849:144. fig. 8.. Cole, 1849:07. 9. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:17. 185% ro. Elliott, 1854:162. 11. Hooper, 1857:20. 12. dm. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1862. 13. Horti- culturist, 21:292. 1866. fig. 14. Warder, 1867:417. 15. Fitz, 1872:143, 151, 161. 16. Hogg, 1884:117. 17. Wickson, 1889:242. 18. Bruner, N. C. Sta. Bul., 182:23. 1903. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :200. Synonyms. Bracken (8, 11, of Ohio 7). Carolina (10). Caroline (10). Early Jenneting (16). Early May (10, 714). Gennetting (17). GINETTING (1). Ginetting (16). Jenneting (2). Jennetting (17). JOANETING (16). Juneateing (1). JUNEATING (4). Juneating (6, 8, Io, II, 14, 16). JUNETING (2). Juneting (16). Owen's Golden Beauty (3, 6, 10, 16), Primiting (16). WaHite JUNEATING: (3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II, I2, 13, I5, 17, te, 10) tte Juneating (16). Yellow May (18, 19). Yellow June (14). This apple has little to recommend it except that it ripens very early in the season. It is small, roundish oblate, pale yellow, sometimes faintly blushed and has white, crisp, pleasant subacid flesh which becomes mealy if kept only a few days after it ripens. The tree is not large, only a moderate grower and not a great bearer (6, 8, 16). Historical. Hogg (16) gives the following interesting account of the history of this apple and the probable derivation of the name Juneating: “One of our oldest apples, and although generally known and popular, seems to have escaped the notice of Miller, who does not even mention it in any of the editions of his Dictionary. As I have doubts of this being the Geneting of Parkinson — his figure being evidently intended for the Margaret, which in some districts is called Joaneting —the first mention we have of this variety is by Rea, in 1665, who describes it as ‘a small, yellow, red-sided apple, upon a wall, ripe in the end of June,’ ““Juneating, as applied to this apple, is quite a misnomer. Abercrembie was the first who wrote it June-eating, as if in allusion to the period of its maturity, which is, however, not till the end of July. Dr. Johnson, in his Dictionary, writes it Gineting, and says it is a corruption of Janeton (Fr.), signifying Jane or Janet, having been so called from a person of that name. Ray! says, ‘Pomum Ginettinum, quod unde dictum sit met latet.’ Indeed, there does not seem ever to have been a correct definition given of it. “My definition of the name is this. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to make the festivals of the Church periods on which occurrences were to take place or from which events were to be named. Even in the present day we hear the country people talking of some crop to be sown, or some other 1 Hist. Plant., ii, 1447. Tue AppLes OF NEW York. 241 to be planted, at Michaelmas, St. Martin’s, or St. Andrew’s tide. It was also the practice for parents to dedicate their children to some particular saint, as Jean Baptiste, on the recurrence of whose festival all who are so named keep it as a holiday. So it was also in regard to fruits, which were named after the day about which they came to maturity. Thus, we have the Margaret Apple, so called from being ripe about St. Margaret’s Day, the 20th of July; the Magdalene, or Maudlin, from St. Magdalene’s Day, the 22d of July. And in Curtius! we find the Joannina, so called, ‘Quod circa divi Joannis Baptiste nativitatem esui sint.’ These are also noticed by J. Baptista Porta; he says, ‘Est genus alterum quod quia circa festum Divi Joannis maturiscit, vulgus Melo de San Giovanni dicitur. And according to Tragus,” ‘Que apud nos prima maturantur, Sanct Johans Opfell, Latine, Precocia mala dicuntur.’ “We see, therefore, that apples were called Joannina because they ripened about St. John’s Day, and we have among the old French pears Amiré Joannet — the ‘Wonderful Little John, which Merlet informs us was so called because it ripened about St. John’s Day. If, then, we add to Joannet the termination ing, so general among our names of apples, we have Joannet- ing. There can be no doubt that this is the correct derivation of the name of this apple.” WHITE SPANISH REINET TE, REFERENCES. 1. Pom. Mag., 3:No. 110. 1830. col. pl. 2. Floy-Lindley, 1833:61. 3. Downing, 1845:130. 4. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:88. 1851. 5. Elliott, 1854:162. 6. Downing, 1869:404. 7. Leroy, 1873:669. fig. 8. Thomas, 1875:231. 9. Hogg, 1884:190. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890 :300. Synonyms. American Fall Pippin (9). Belle Joséphine (9). Blanche (7). Blanche d’Espagne (7). Camuesar (1, 6,9). Camoisas du roi d’Es- pagne (7). Camoise Blanche (7). Camotsée Blanche (7). Camuezas (7). Camuzar (7). Cobbett’s Fall (1) err. Cobbett’s Fall Pippin (2, 3, 6, 7) err. Concombre Ancien (1, 2,5, 7,9). De Ratteau (1, 2,5, 7,9). D’Espagne (1, 2, 35,0, 7). Elgin Pippin? (6). Episcopale (7). Fall Pippm (1, 2, 3; 7, ert: 6) err. Joséphine (9). Large Fall (1). Large Fall Pippin (2, 3, 6,7). Phila- delphia Pippin (7). Reinette A Gobelet (7). Reinette Blanche (7). REINETTE BLANCHE D’ESPAGNE (3, 9). Reinette Blanche d’Espagne (1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8). REINETTE D’'ESPAGNE (7). Reinette d’Espagne (1, 6, 9). Reinette Tendre (7). Saint-Germain (7). WHITE SPANISH REINETTE (I, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10). White Spanish Reinette (3, 7,9). York Pippin (7). This variety belongs in the group with Fall Pippin and Holland Pippin. It resembles Fall Pippin in the growth of the tree as well as in the color and character of the fruit, but is less regular in shape and keeps later (3, 6). Season here October to January or February; Hogg gives its season in 1 Hortorum, p. 522. 2 Hist., p. 1043. 242 Tue AppLes OF NEw York. England as December to April (9). Lyon gives its season in Michigan as October to January (10). Historical. This is an old European variety which has long been culti- vated in Spain, France and England (1, 2, 3, 6, 7,9). It was early imported into this country and is perhaps the parent of our Fall Pippin and Holland Pippin (6). According to Lyon (10) it is seldom seen under its own name. It appears to be but little cultivated in New York having been superseded by other varieties. FRuIT. Fruit very large. Form roundish oblate or inclined to oblong, angular, uneven at the crown where it is nearly as broad as at the base (3, 6, 9). Stem short. Cavity narrow, rather small, regular. Calyx large, open. Basin deep, broadly angular, irregular, oblique. Skin smooth, waxy, yellowish-green, with orange tinge and brownish-red blush on the exposed cheek. Calyx tube conieal. Stamens marginal. Cells open, obovate. Flesh yellowish-white, crisp, tender, juicy, subacid, very good for either dessert or culinary purposes. Season October to January or February. WILLIAMS, REFERENCES. I. Kenrick, 1832:29. 2. Manning, 1838:49. 3. /b., Mag- Hort., 7:51. 1841. 4. Downing, 1845:79. 5. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 14:118. 1848. fig. 6. Goodrich, 1849:51. 7. Cole, 1849:100. fig. 8. Thomas, 1849: 142. fig. g. Waring, 1851:32. fig. 10. Barry, 1851:282. 11. Emmons, Nat. Hist. N. Y., 3:12. 1851. 12. Elliott, 1854:163. 13. Am, Pome socucar. 1854. 14. Hooper, 1857:100. 15. Warder, 1867:618, 736. 16. Fitz, 1872:161. 17. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:26. 18. la. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883 :507. 19. Hoge. 1884:243. 20. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 22. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 53:248. 1804. 23. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:255. 1805. 24. Gard. and For., 8:248. 1805. 25. Can.’ Hort., 20:183. 1897. 26. Bunyard, Jour. Roy. Hort. Soc., 1898 :357. 27. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:312. 1901. 28. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :203. fig. Synonyms. Lady’s Apple (5). Queen (5). WuttaMs (1, 5, 6, 7, 12, 20, 26, 27). Williams (7,8). Williams Early (5, 12, 15, 19). Williams Early Red (7, 12): WiuztAms Favorite (3, 8 0, 10, 11; 13; D4seige Ost muene te 22, 23, 24, 25). Walliams Favorite (5, 7, 12, 27). Walliams Favorite Red (5, 8, 12). Wititams Favorite (28). WiurttamMs Favourite Rep (2). WIL- LIAMS Favourite (4,19). Walliams Red (8, 12, 19). Williams is a very beautiful, bright red apple of mild agreeable flavor, good for dessert but not suitable for culinary uses. It is a favorite in Boston and other eastern markets, and is grown to a limited extent for commercial purposes in some portions of Eastern New York. It does not stand shipping very well, the skin being “SIWVITTIM o® e Tue AppLes OF NEW York. 243 thin, tender and easily bruised, therefore best handled in small packages. It is in season during late August and early September. Under favorable conditions the fruit becomes rather large, but with very heavy crops it is apt to be rather small unless properly thinned. The crop ripens unevenly, and more than one picking is required to secure the fruit in prime condition. The tree being only mod- erately vigorous, it is an advantage to topwork it upon some thrifty hardy stock, such as Northern Spy, Rhode Island Greening, or Tolman Sweet. When topworked in this way the Williams becomes a rather vigorous grower, makes a tree of pretty good size, comes into bearing early and in favorable locations, under good treatment, is a reliable cropper, yielding good crops annually or nearly anually. It can be recommended for commercial planting where fruit of this tvpe and season is desired. Historical. Walliams originated in Roxbury, Mass., more than 150 years ago. It was brought to the notice of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety in 1830 and then named Williams. It had previously been known in market under the name Queen and Lady’s Apple (5). It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1854 and is still retained on that list (13). It has become widely disseminated and is still often listed by nurserymen (21) but is nowhere being planted to any con- siderable extent. TREE. Tree rather small and a slow grower but when topworked on vigorous stock and properly tilled and fertilized it becomes rather large and vigorous. Form upright spreading or roundish, somewhat dense. wigs short, curved, moderately stout, with large terminal buds; internodes short. Bark dark brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubes- cent. Lenticels quite numerous, small to medium size, oblong, raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium or under favorable circumstances rather large, pretty form in size and shape. Form oblong conic to roundish conic, broadly ribbed; sides often unequal. Stem medium to long, moderately thick. Cavity obtuse, shallow, rather broad, furrowed, sometimes russeted. Calyx above medium size, usually closed; lobes long. Basin medium to rather shallow, rather narrow to moderately broad, a little abrupt, somewhat furrowed. Skin moderately thick, rather tender, nearly smooth, pale yellow overlaid with bright deep red, indistinctly striped with dark red or crimson. Dots numerous, inconspicuous, small, grayish or russet. 244 THE AppLes oF NEW York. Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-shape or approaching cylindrical, some- times extending to the core. Stamens marginal. Core medium to rather large, axile; cells closed or slightly open; core lines clasping. Carpels ovate to roundish. Seeds above medium, rather nar- row, long, moderately plump, acute or nearly acuminate, dark brown. Flesh sometimes tinged with red, firm, a little coarse, moderately crisp, tender, rather juicy, becoming dry when overripe, pleasant mild subacid, aromatic, good. Season late August and September. WILLIS SWEET. REFERENCES. I. Mag. Hort., 18:491. 1852. 2. ? Elliott, 1854:179. 3. Hicks, Horticulturist, 21:361. 1866. fig. 4. Warder, 1867:635. 5. Downing, 1869: 408. fig. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1869. 7. Thomas, 1875:516. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :252. Synonyms. Pear Lot (5). Pear-Tree Lot (5). Wutiis SwEErt (2, 4, 5, 6,7, 8). Wiutiis SWEETING (1, 3). A rather large sweet apple in season in late summer and early autumn. According to Downing the tree is a good grower and productive; the fruit whitish with shade of light red washed with crimson; flesh crisp, juicy, tender, rich, sweet, very good; valuable for dessert, for culinary purposes and for market (5). Historical. A chance seedling that originated at Oyster Bay, Long Island, about 1800, on the farm of Edmond Willis. It first had the local name of Pear- tree Lot or Pear Lot. Later it was named Willis Sweeting by Parsons & Co., of Flushing, N. Y. (3). In 1860 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society (6), but was dropped from that list in 1899. It is still occasionally listed by nurserymen (8) but is now seldom planted. It is not generally known in New York. WINE RUBETS. REFERENCES. I. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:7. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:600. 1893. 3. [b., 12:603. 1893. 4. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56 :337. 1905. Synonyms. Cut Wine (2). Cut Wine (3, 4). No. 210°G,2 354): Rubets Vinogradnui (4). Rubets vinogradnui (1). Rubez vuinogradnui (4). Vinocrap (1). Vinograd (3). WINE Rusets (3, 4). Fruit below medium size, nearly symmetrical, covered with delicate bloom. Skin green, lightly shaded with red and with a crimson cheek. Basin shallow, wrinkled. Stem medium length, slender, set in a deep cavity. Flesh mild subacid, fair to good in quality. Begins to ripen here about the Ist of August. Not recommended for planting in New York. Historical. A Russian apple imported by the United States Department of Agriculture. It was received here in 1888 from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, New- port, Vt., under the name Cut Wine. WOLF RIVER Tue AppLtes oF NEw York. 245 WINTHROP GREENING, REFERENCES. 1. Hovey, Mag. Hort., 12:475. 1846. 2. Cole, 1849:104. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1854. 4. Mag. Hort., 21:63. 1855. 5. Downing, 1857: 204. 6. Warder, 1867:737. 7. Thomas, 1875:209. 8. Downing, 1881:I1 index, app. 9. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 10. Burrill and McCluer, Jil. Sta. Bul., 45:347. 1806. Synonyms. Howe Apple (2, 5). Kennebec Seedling (8). LiNncoLn (1), LincoLn Pippin (4). Lincoln Pippin (2, 5). WINTHROP GREENING (2, 3, 5, On 70) On 10) Fruit yellow, tinged with red, of good size and good quality; season September to early winter. The flesh is tender, crisp, very juicy, sprightly, mild subacid (2). The tree is a shy bearer. Historical. Originated in Winthrop, Me., about the year 1800 (1, 2). It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 18£4 (3) and dropped from that list in 1897. It is but little known in New York. WOLF RIVER. REFERENCES. 1. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1875:107. 2. Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879 :452. 3. Budd, /b., 1880:524. 4. Downing, 1881:113 app. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881:16. 6. Barry, 1883:357. 7. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886 :148. 8. Van Deman, U. S. Pom. Rpt., 1886:271. fig. 9. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.. 1887 :93. 10. Can. Hort., 11:9. 1888. 11. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:253. 12. Cam. Fort, 10.234. | 1603h 13. Ib, 20:34. 1807. 14. Thomas, 1897::286; fig. 15. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:32. 1897. 16. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 6:32. 1899. 17. Can. Hort., 22:121, 437. 1899. figs. 18. Woolver- ton, Ont. Fr..Sias. An. Rpt., 7:10. I900. figs. 19. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rp iasisy LOOU. 20. ttansens S. JOS Sia, Bul, 976:116. 1902). fg. 2 Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:56. 1902. 22. Budd-Hansen, ¥903:207. fig. 23. Powell and Fulton, U. S, B. P. I. Bul. 48:61. 10903. 24. Beach and Clark, N. Y. Sta. Bul., 248:151. 1904. SynonyMs. None. This is a variety of the Aport group. It resembles Alexander very closely in size, form, and color. Hansen states (20) that it is “supposed to be a seedling of the Alexander, which it sometimes resembles, but is more round and less conical, and averages larger, as grown in the West. The Wolf River has largely superseded Alexander in the western states. Tree a strong spreading grower, not an early bearer, but productive in alternate years.” As fruited at this Station it is in season from September to December, with October as the commercial limit in ordinary storage. In cold storage it may be held till January. It does not stand heat well, 246 Tue Apples oF NEw York. and goes down quickly (24). The tree is very hardy and a good grower, and is a biennial or sometimes annual cropper, yielding moderate to good crops. The fruit, being large, shapely and highly colored, often sells well because of its attractive appearance; some fruit growers are finding it a profitable variety. Historical. Originated by W. A. Springer, near Wolf River, Fremont county, Wis., hence its name. It was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological Society in 1881 (5). It is frequently listed by nurserymen (11). Within recent years it has been planted to a limited extent in New York state and at the present time its cultivation is probably increasing somewhat. TREE. Tree large, moderately vigorous. Form much spreading, open and in- clined to droop. Twigs short, straight, slender; internodes short. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubes- cent. Lenticels scattering, small, round, not raised. Buds small, plump, obtuse to acute, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large, uniform in size and fairly uniform in shape. Form broad and flat at the base and somewhat inclined to conic or roundish, often some- what irregular. Stem short to medium, rather thick, not exserted. Cavity acuminate, usually deep, rather wide and very heavily russeted. Calyx medium to large, open or closed. Basin medium to deep, moderately nar- row, abrupt, usually smooth, somewhat broadly furrowed. Skin rather thick, pale bright yellow or greenish, mottled and blushed with bright deep red and marked with conspicuous splashes and broad stripes of bright carmine. Dots numerous, medium to rather large, areolar, depressed, pale or russet. Calyx tube conical. Stamens median to basal. Core below medium to rather large, somewhat abaxile; cells closed or partly open; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly cordate, approaching elliptical, slightly emarginate, somewhat tufted. Seeds dark brown, of medium size, rather wide, short, moderately plump, obtuse. Flesh slightly tinged with yellow, firm, moderately coarse, tender, juicy, subacid, a little aromatic, fair to good. 5 Season September to December. WORKAROE. REFERENCES. 1. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:349. 1889. 2. Beach, Jb., 11 :588. 18Q2. Synonyms. None. A Russian apple of good size, pale yellow, blushed and striped with red and overspread with pinkish bloom. Flesh firm, crisp, tender, juicy, rather (21S pupa) AOUVMYOM - THE Apples OF NEW York. 247 mild subacid with an agreeable but not high flavor and good quality. It is a good apple but hardly equal to other varieties of its season. The tree does not come into bearing very young but is a pretty good grower and eventually a good cropper yielding full crops biennially. Received in 1884 from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., for testing at this Station. YELLOW CALVILEE, REFERENCES. 1. Budd, Ja. Agr. Coll. Bul., 1885:17. 2. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:48. 3. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1894. 4. Beach, W. N. Y. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 41:50. 1896. 5. Ragan, U. S. (Bape lee Wie 5 012345393535 eLOOs: Synonyms. Kalvil jeltui (2,5). Kalville scholti (1, 2,5). No. 442 (1, 2, 3.5). Voronesh No. 25 (3). YELtLow CALvILLE (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)- An August apple, medium to rather small, smooth, pale yellow, some- times with faint blush, oblate to oblate conic. Cavity acute, wide, rather shallow; calyx closed; basin shallow, slightly wrinkled; flesh white, fine- grained, tender, moderately juicy, subacid, fair or sometimes good. The tree comes into bearing moderately young and is nearly an annual cropper. Not recommended for cultivation in this state being much inferior to standard sorts of its season. Historical. This is a Russian apple, being No. 442 of the importation of the United States Department of Agriculture of 1870 (3, 5). Later it was im- ported by the Iowa Agricultural College under the designation Voronesh No. 21 (1). In 1888 it was received for testing at this Station from Dr. T. H. Hoskins, Newport, Vt. It is practically unknown in New York. YELLOW TRANSPARENT. REFERENCES. I. Leroy, 1873:846. fig. 2. Budd, Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880: 523. 3. Downing, 1881:114 app. fig. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881:16. 5. Webster, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 7:54. 1881. 6. Gibb, Jb., 7:154. 1881. 7. Ib., Ia. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1883:437. 8. Barry, 1883 :336. 9. Hoskins, Rural N. Y., 43:651. 1884. fig. 10. Penhollow, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:65. Too4-- 1%... Thomas, 18852530) 12.. RuraliN2 Y., 44-185, 200: 188s. £3: Gibb, Montreel Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886-87:14. 14. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:92. 15. Rural N. Y., 46:107, 201, 382. 1887. fig. 16. Can. Hort, II:209, 223. 1888. 17. Fisk, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 14:33. 1889. 18. Can. Hort., 13:121, 132, 216, 272, 301. 1890. 19. Hamilton, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 15:27. 1890. 20. Can. Hort., 15:281. 1892. 21. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:253. 22. Budd, Ja. Sta. Bul., 19:535. 1892. 23. Pa. Sita. Rpt., 1892:110. fig. 24. Hoskins, Gard. and For., 7:138. 1894. 25. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 2:11. 1895. figs. 26. Van Deman, Rural N. Y., 55:613. 1806. 27. Hoskins, Jb., 56:156. 1897. 28. Woolverton, Ont. Fr. Stas. An. Rpt., 4:5. 1807. figs. 29. Waugh, Vt. Sta. Bul., 61:32. 1807. 30. Alwood, Va. Sta. Bul., 130:122. 1901. 31. Waugh, Vt. Sta. An. Rpt., 14:313. 1901. 32. Hansen, S. D. Sta. Bul., 76:119. 1902. fig.. 33. Dickens and Greene, Kan. Sta. Bul., 106:56. 1902. 34. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:85, 88. 1902. 35. Rural N. Y., 61:626. 1902. fig. 36. Budd-Hansen, Ver. kor . 248 THe AppLes oF NEw York. 1903 :213. fig. 37. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:47. 1903. 38. Bruner, N. C..Sta. Bul., 182:24. 1903. Synonyms. De Revel (1). Grand-Sultan (1). Revelstone (1). Sxwosnort Scuotor (7). Skwosnoi Schotoi (5). Transparente de Saint- Leger (1). TRANSPARENTE JAUNE (1). YELLOW TRANSPARENT (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,0, 10, Il, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 10, 20; 21, 22, 23, 24,25. 20 27m eae, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38). Yellow Transparent (7). This is one of the best of the extra early apples, being excellent for culinary use and accentable for dessert. It is not equal in qual- ity to Early Harvest, but it begins to ripen somewhat earlier and is a more reliable cropper, yielding good crops annually or nearly so. Generally speaking, it is grown in New York state for home use only, but in some places it is cultivated to a limited extent for market, particularly for local market. It is desirable for this pur- pose because it takes on a good clear yellow color before becoming overripe. On account of its delicate color and tender skin it shows bruises readily and must be handled with extra care. The crop ripens continuously through a period of three or four weeks, and two or more pickings are required in order to secure the fruit in prime condition. It begins to ripen in July, and continues in season in some cases till early September. On young or vigorous-growing trees the fruit may grow rather large, but on mature slow-growing trees, especially when they are overloaded, the fruit is apt to be below medium size unless thinned. The tree is a moderately vig- orous grower, hardy, healthy and comes into bearing very young. In some portions of the West it suffers from twig blight (fire blight) but it appears to be quite free from this disease in New York. Historical. Imported from Russia by the United States Department of Agriculture in 1870. Its merits were first brought to notice in this country by Dr. T. H. Hoskins, of Newport, Vt. (9). It has been disseminated throughout the apple-growing regions of the country from the Atlantic to the Pacific and is now commonly listed by nurserymen (21). In New York its cultivation for home use is gradually increasing, and occasionally it is grown to a limited extent for market. TREE. Tree of medium size, moderately vigorous, with short, stout, crooked branches filled with short spurs. Form upright at first but becoming spread- ing or roundish and rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout with large YELLOW TRANSPARENT _ hg THE APPLES OF NEW YorK. 249 terminal buds; internodes medium. Bark conspicuously yellow or tawny, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, me- dium to sma!l, oval or elongated, not raised. Buds medium size, broad, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium or above medium, sometimes large, pretty uniform in shape and size. Form roundish ovate to roundish conic or oblate conic, slightly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem medium to long, rather thick. Cavity acute or approaching obtuse, medium to deep, rather narrow, sometimes slightly lipped, sometimes russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes medium in length, broad. Basin moderately shallow, rather narrow, somewhat abrupt, fur- rowed and slightly wrinkled. Skin thin, tender, smooth, waxy, pale greenish-yellow changing to an at- tractive yellowish-white. Dots moderately numerous, greenish and light colored, often submerged. Calyx tube conical. Stamens marginal. Core medium to small; cells partly open to wide open; core lines clasp- ing. Carpels broadly ovate. Seeds medium size, rather wide, rather flat, obtuse to slightly acute. Flesh white, moderately firm, fine-grained, crisp, tender, juicy, sprightly subacid with a pleasant but not high flavor, good or sometimes very good. Season late July and August. YORE; REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:205. 2. Horticulturist, 12:179. 1857. 3. Warder, 1867:737. 4. Fitz, 1872:175. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1873. 6. Le- roy, 1873:871. figs. 7. Thomas, 1875:517. 8. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :253. g. Clayton, Ala. Sta. Bul., 47:7. 1893. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :213. Synonyms. Yoprr (10). Yoppr’s Favorite (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). A southern apple of little value in New York. It originated in Georgia. In 1873 it was entered in the catalogue of the American Pomological So- ciety (5). It is practically unknown in this state. As grown at this Station the fruit is medium to rather large, oblate conic to roundish conic, somewhat ribbed; stem short, slender; cavity acuminate, moderately wide, rather deep, usually russeted; calyx small, open; basin narrow, moderately deep to deep, abrupt, wrinkled. Skin light yellow usually with a dull red blush; dots numerous, small, russet. Calyx tube conical; stamens median. Core medium to small; cells partly open; core lines clasp- ing. Carpels broadly roundish, emarginate, somewhat tufted. Flesh whitish, somewhat tinged with yellow, moderately fine, tender, juicy, breaking, sub- acid, fair to good; season October and November. The tree is below medium size, a rather slow grower with spreading top. It comes into bearing moderately early and yields good crops biennially. YORK, A variety which is known to many in Central and Western New York under the name York Pippin is now called by 250 THe Apples oF NEw York. pomologists Golden Pippin, under which name it is described on page 78. It is an apple of the Fall Pippin group, large, quite yellow when fully ripe, often with a brownish blush on the exposed cheek. Fall Pippin has also been known to some under the name York Pippin. It is described on page 61. Both of these are distinct from the York which is a Massa- chusetts apple of medium size, pale yellow with shade of red, good to very good for culinary uses.. Season October and November.! 1 Downing, 1869:420. Tue AppLes oF NEW York. 251 SIBERIAN CRABAPPLES AND THEIR HYBRIDS AND OTHER CRABAPPLES. BAILEY CRIMSON. REFERENCES. 1. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871:50. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:91. 3. [b., 1884:38. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :234. SyNoNYMS. BalILEy’s Crimson (2, 4, of New York 3). BatLey’s CRIMSON Cras (1). In 1871 the Committee of the American Pomological Society on Native Fruits made the following report concerning this variety: “ Originated with Wm. H. Bailey, Plattsburgh, N. Y. Tree vigorous, upright, very productive and very handsome. “Fruit medium or large for its class; roundish, inclining to conic; skin yellow, shaded over the whole surface with deep rich crimson; flesh similar to other Siberian crabs.” We have not seen this variety nor have we obtained any report concerning it from our correspondents. BRIER, REFERENCES. 1. Rural N. Y., 1870 (cited by 2). 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1871:51. 3. Downing, 1872:39 app. 4. Wis. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:70. 5. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1881 :322. 6. Barry, 1883:358. 7. Gibb, Mon- ireal lort. Soc, Rpt., 1884:34. 8: Keffer, S. D: Sia. Bul.,-23:141. 180r-. g- Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:235. 10. Thomas, 1897:629. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :216. fig. SYNONYMS. Brtar SWEET (I, 2,9). Brier (11). Brier’s Sweet (4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Brier Sweet (11, erroneously 10). Brier’s Sweet CraB (3). VAN Wyck (10). Tree vigorous, hardy, comes into bearing rather young and is productive. Historical. Originated with B. B. Brier, of Baraboo, Wis., as a result of the fertilization of the Siberian crab with the Bailey apple (3). FruIt. Fruit large. Form roundish to conic, ribbed. Stem long, slender. Cavity narrow, deep, russeted. Calyx small, closed or slightly open. Basin deep, narrow, abrupt, wrinkled. Skin pale yellow washed with lively red, striped with carmine, dotted and flecked with yellow and covered with thin, whitish bloom. Calyx tube conical to funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium in size, axile or nearly so; cells closed. Flesh yellowish, rich, fine-grained, moderately juicy, pleasant, sweet, 2ro- matic, not astringent, good in flavor and quality. Season September and October. 252 THE APPLES OF NEW YORK. CHERRY. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, 1867:715. 2. Downing, 1869:422. 3. Barry, 1883 :359. 4. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:39. 5. Thomas, 1897:298. fig. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :217. SynonyMs. CHERRY (2, 5, 6). CHERRY CRAB (1, 3, 4). Cherry is an old variety of unknown origin. The tree is a pretty good grower, particularly on light soils, attains considerable size and is quite a regular bearer. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with long, slender, curved branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs moderately long, straight, mod- erately stout; internodes long. Bark clear reddish-brown tinged with olive- green, mottled with scarf-skin especially at the tips; slightly pubescent. Lenticels very scattering, small, roundish, not raised. Buds prominent, me- dium to large, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. Fruit. Fruit small. Form oblate or roundish, ribbed. Stem long to very long, slender, bracted. Cavity rather broad, shallow, obtuse to slightly acute, somewhat russeted. Calyx medium to large, usually closed or eventually deciduous. Basin wide, shallow, obtuse, wrinkled. Skin pale yellow nearly covered with bright red, often striped with car- mine and overspread with a thin bluish bloom. Dots distinct, numerous, large, whitish or russet. Calyx tube funnel-form. Stamens marginal. Core large, axile; cells closed. Carpels broadly roundish or elliptical, emarginate, mucronate. Flesh yellowish, rather coarse, juicy, crisp, mild subacid, somewhat astringent. Season last of August to October. CORAL. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:208. 1869. 2. Downing, 1869 :423. 3. Barry, 1883:359. 4. N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 2:35. 1884. Synonyms. None. Fruit of pretty good size, brilliant color, sprightly subacid flavor, in season from October to February. The tree is a pretty good grower, rather spreading, comes into bearing early and is a reliable cropper yielding good crops annually. Historical. In 1869 Warder described this as No. 4 of the Marengo Winter Siberian crabapples received from Charles Andrews, Marengo, Ill. (1). It originated in the vicinity of Marengo (2). It is but little cultivated in New York. FRvIt. Fruit medium size or above, about an inch and a half in diameter. Form roundish to somewhat oblong, regular. Stem medium to rather long, slender, bracted. Cavity somewhat acute, medium in width and depth, regu- THe AppcLes OF NEW York. 253 lar, usually russeted. Calyx small, closed; lobes reflexed. Basin very shal- low, broad and obtuse, or none. Skin smooth, yellow, blushed with scarlet. Dots numerous, medium to small, gray or russet. Calyx tube long, narrow, funnel-form. Stamens median. Core medium to rather small, axile with narrow cylinder in the axis; cells closed or nearly so; core lines clasp the funnel cylinder. Carpels roundish ovate. Seeds compactly fill the cells; small to above medium, obtuse to somewhat acute, plump, dark. Flesh yellow, breaking, juicy, crisp, sprightly, mild subacid to nearly sweet. Season October to February. CURRANT. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1857:229. 2. Barry, 1883:359. 3. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:237. 4. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884 :39. SYNONYMS. CURRANT (2). CURRANT CRAB (I, 3). CURRENT CRAB (4). Pomme Groseille (1). Fruit small, borne in clusters; said to be hardier than Transcendent. Of no commercial value. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and is productive. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with moderately long, slender, curved branches. Form upright spreading or roundish, open. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark dark brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, medium size, roundish, slightly raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRuITt. Fruit small or below medium. Form somewhat oblate, regular, uniform. Stem medium to long, rather slender. Cawity obtuse, rather deep, broad, symmetrical, frequently russeted. Calyx sometimes deciduous, medium size, closed; lobes rather narrow, acute. Basin rather deep, wide, abrupt, ob- scurely furrowed. Skin thin, tough, smooth, glossy, yellow, striped with brilliant red, over- spread with bluish bloom. Dots numerous, small, pzle or whitish. Calyx tube broadly cone-shaped, short. Stamens marginal. Core medium to rather large, axile; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, emarginate. Seeds light brown, medium to large, wide, somewhat obtuse. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately fine, tender, dry, subacid, medium to poor. Season October and November. DARTMOUTH. REFERENCES. I. Barry, 1883:359. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:277. 1896. 3. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 143:200. 1897. 4. Farrand, Jb., 205:47. £0037 42 Rhacan, U.S: B)- PAW tBule296-3635,1005: Synonyms. None. 254 THe AppLes oF NEW YORK. Fruit large, brilliantly colored, good in flavor and quality. The tree is not a vigorous grower, comes into bearing rather early and yields full crops in alternate years. Historical. Origin New Hampshire (1). TREE. Tree a moderately vigorous or rather slow grower with moderately long, stout, crooked branches. Form upright spreading to roundish, open. Twigs short, curved, moderately stout; internodes short. Bark clear brown, min- gled with olive-green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; pubescent near tips. Lenticels scattering, small, round, slightly raised. Buds rather prominent, medium to large, long, narrow, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium to large. Form oblate or roundish oblate, ribbed. Stem long and slender, often bracted. Cavity acute, broad, deep, russeted. Calyx small; lobes long, reflexed. Basin rather broad, shallow. Skin pale yellow, almost entirely overlaid with bright red deepening to a dark red or purple on the exposed side, dotted with yellow and covered with a heavy bluish bloom. Calyx tube elongated cone-shape approaching funnel-form. Stamens marginal. Core large, abaxile; cells open; core lines clasping. Flesh yellowish, tinged with red next the skin, fine-grained, juicy, mild subacid, good in quality and flavor. Season August. EXCELSIOR, REFERENCES. 1. J/l. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1880. 2. Gideon, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:26. 3. Rural N. Y., 45:184. 1886. figs. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :238. 5. Beach and Paddock, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:580. 1894. 6. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:73., 1806. -7. Lyon, U.S. Pom. Bul, 6:11 807 Sapa: Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 9. Munson, Me. Sta. An. Rpt., 18:83. 1902. 10. Thomas, 1903:348. 11. Budd-Hansen, 1903:218. 12. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:47. 1903. 13. Powell and Fulton, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 48:41. 1903. 4 Synonyms. None. Fruit very large for a crabapple being nearly as large as a medium sized apple. It is very attractive in appearance and excellent in quality for either dessert or culinary uses. As grown at this Station it appears to be one of the most desirable varieties of its class during early September. The tree is a good strong grower, hardy, healthy, comes into bearing rather young and yields full crops in alternate years, (a€VYO) YOISTSAOXS ae AL etre, wee es nee yoy noel ella THe AppcLes OF NEW York. 255 Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. “It came from seed of Wealthy which had a chance to be crossed with the Cherry Crab and also the Oldenburg” (2). TREE. Tree large with long, moderately stout branches. Form somewhat flat and spreading, rather dense. Twigs short, curved, stout; internodes medium. Bark dark brown tinged with red; slightly pubescent. Lenticels quite nu- merous, medium size, oval, slightly raised. Buds medium to large, plump, obtuse, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit very large. Form roundish ovate to roundish oblate, symmetrical. Stem rather long and slender, sometimes bracted. Cavity small, acute or approaching acuminate, narrow, rather shallow, often slightly russeted. Calyx rather large, closed; lobes reflexed. Basin shallow, moderately broad, obtuse, furrowed. Skin smooth, yellow, shaded and splashed with red over much of its surface. Dots numerous, russet. Calyx tube wide, cone-shape. Stamens median or above. Core large, decidedly abaxile; cells unsymmetrical, wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels elongated ovate, sometimes tufted. Seeds above medium size, long, moderately narrow, acute, tufted. Flesh whitish, firm, a little coarse, crisp, juicy, subacid, with some Siberian crab flavor yet agreeable for dessert use, good to very good in quality. Season early September. FEORENGE: REFERENCES. I. Stark, Mo. -Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:233. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:134. 3. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 118:59, 60. 1895. 4. Thomas, 1897 :208. 5. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 152:219, 224. 1898. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :210. Synonyms. None. This variety seems to be very desirable for commercial plant- ing because the trees commence bearing very young, are reliable croppers and very prolific and the fruit is of good size, very attractive in appearance and of good quality. Although not superior to Martha in quality, Florence is more beautiful and more prolific. Historical. Originated by Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. TREE. Tree moderately vigorous. Form at first upright spreading but eventually inclined to droop. wigs long, curved, moderately stout; internodes long. 256 THE AppLes oF NEW York. Bark bright reddish-brown, slightly tinged with olive-green, mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Buds large, broad, plump, obtuse, free, not pubescent. FRvirt. Fruit medium in size, uniform in size and shape. Form oblate, faintly ribbed. Stem very long, slender. Cavity acute, deep, medium in width, symmetrical, sometimes slightly russeted. Calyx variable, usually small, closed. Basin very shallow, rather wide, obtuse, slightly furrowed. Skin moderately thin, moderately tough, smooth, yellowish-white mostly overspread with brilliant pinkish-red, sometimes with whitish bands radiat- ing from the cavity, overspread with faint bloom. Dots minute, whitish. Calyx tube moderately long, moderately wide, varying from somewhat urn-shape to funnel-form. Stamens marginal. Core large; cells closed; core lines clasping. Carpels broadly obovate, emarginate. Seeds medium to rather small, moderately wide, flat, obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, coarse, crisp, rather tender, juicy, very brisk subacid, somewhat astringent, good. Season late August and early September. GIBB. REFERENCES. 1. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:35. fig. 2. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:29. 3. Stark, Mo. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1886:233. 4. Ill, Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1889:22. 5. Craig, Can. Hort., 15:225. 1892. fig. 6. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 7. Thomas, 1897:208. fig. 8. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205 :47. 1903. 9.. Powell and* Fulton, U. S. B. Pod. Bulae-2 eS a0s; 1o. Budd-Hansen, 1903:219. fig. Synonyms. None. Fruit large, yellow blushed with dull red. It is thinner skinned and much less astringent than Hyslop with remarkably yellow flesh. It is highly esteemed for canning; season last half of September. It is recommended for the home orchard and is worthy of trial for commercial planting where a crabapple of its season is desired. The tree is a slow, spreading grower, fairly hardy as far north as Montreal, very productive (5). Historical. Originated with George P. Peffer, Pewaukee, Wis., being a seedling of en oblate Yellow Siberian crab crossed with Fall Greening (Garo): Iioaar (CS. 7A 10))). Fruit large. Form roundish oblate. Stem short to medium length, thick. Cavity wide, deep, regular. Calyx medium size, open. Basin very wide, - shallow, wrinkled. Skin thin, yellow, blushed with dull red, attractive. Dots white, minute. Flesh remarkably yellow, firm, crisp, juicy, pleasantly acid, a little astring- ent, sprightly. Season early. (@VYO) dOTSAH THe APPLES OF NEW York. 257 HY SLOP. REFERENCES. 1. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 1869:206. figs. 2. Downing, 1869 :424. 3. Fitz, 1872:147. 4. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:21. 5. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:110. 6. Barry, 1883:359. 7. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:39. 8. Thomas, 1885:513. 9. Wickson, 1889 :249. to. Bailey, An. Hort., 18¢2:241. 11. Munson, Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:134. 12. La. Sta. Bul., 27:926. 1894. 13. Can. Hort., 26:489. 1903. figs. 14. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :220. fig. Srimonsans, JabiGioe (0), IshGio (ss Zh &, ©) 7 ©, WO, i 1, ie, 1171))- Hystop’s Cras (8). Fruit large, very brilliantly colored, dark red or purplish over- spread with thick blue bloom; borne in clusters. The tree is a good grower, very hardy, and a reliable cropper yielding good crops biennially or in some cases annually. It is desirable both for home use and for market. Historical. Origin unknown. In 1869 Downing remarked: “This variety has been long and pretty extensively cultivated” (2). It is commonly listed by nurserymen throughout the country (10). It is one of the best known and most widely cultivated of the crabapples. TREE. Tree vigorous or moderately vigorous. Form upright spreading, rather open. wigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark olive-green, tinged with reddish-brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubes- cent near tips. Lenticels numerous, very conspicuous, greenish-yellow, medium to large, oblong. Buds exceptionally large and prominent, very long, narrow, plump, acute, free, slightly pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit above medium to large, very uniform in size and shape. Form roundish ovate or obovate, sometimes a little inclined to oblong, regular or obscurely ribbed, symmetrical. Stem rather short to very long, slender. Cavity acuminate, rather small, shallow, narrow to medium in width, some- times furrowed, often slightly russeted. Ce/yr medium to large, closed; lobes medium to long, narrow, acuminate, reflexed. Basin shallow, medium to wide, distinctly furrowed and wrinkled. Skin clear pale yellow almost completely overspread with lively dark red shading to deep carmine or purplish carmine and covered with thick, blue bloom. Dots small, numerous, pale or gray. Calyx tube short, narrow, cone-shape to urn-shape. Stamens median. Core medium size, axile; cells symmetrical, closed; core lines meeting. Carpels elongated ovate, emarginate. Seeds small, narrow, short, plump, obtuse to acute, medium brown. Flesh yellow, sometimes with tinge of red next the skin, very firm, mod- 258 THe Apples oF NEw York. erately fine, at first juicy but eventually becoming dry and mealy, subacid, astringent, good for culinary purposes. Season late September and October. LARGE RED SIBERIAN. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1845:147. 2. Cole, 1849:137. 3. Fitz, 1872:147. 4. Barry, 1883:359. 5. Wickson, 1889:249. 6. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :243. Synonyms. None. This fruit is of medium size for a Siberian crab, being larger than Red Siberian, but smaller than either Transcendent or Hyslop. It is similar to Red Siberian in appearance and quality. The foliage is coarser than that of Red Siberian, and the tree is larger, being medium to rather large, a vigorous grower, erect or roundish, with long, slender twigs. It is very hardy, healthy, moderately long-lived, and a reliable cropper, yielding heavy crops biennially or some- times annually. It has long been known in cultivation, and is still listed by nurserymen (6), but larger and handsomer varieties of more recent introduction are generally preferred in market. Fruit. Fruit of medium size, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish to roundish ovate, regular. Stem medium to long, slender. Cavity acuminate, shallow, moderately broad, often furrowed, usually russeted. Calyx medium size, closed; lobes long, narrow, acuminate. Basin shallow or none, obtuse, wrinkled, having mammiform protuberances. Skin thin, tough, smooth, pale yellow, almost wholly overlaid with bright red and marked with obscure narrow stripes of dark red. Dots very small, light, inconspicuous. Calyx tube short, wide, urn-shape. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium size, axile; cells closed; core lines meeting. Carpels ovate to obovate, emarginate. Seeds glossy, dark brown, rather small, short, wide, obtuse. Flesh yellowish, very firm, subacid, astringent, good for culinary uses. Season September and October. LARGE YELLOW SIBERIAN. REFERENCES. I. Warder, 1867:732. 2. Downing, 1869:425. 3. Barry, 1883 :360. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :243. Synonyms. None. Fruit large, similar in size to Large Red Siberian, clear pale yellow with a shade of red in the sun, roundish approaching oblong truncate; season September and October. Tree upright, somewhat irregular in form, of me- (€VYO) NVIYSEIS Gay 39yV7 .] ® 7 = - f - te. ae aa J ae a ; - es ha *- -_ ann avs 2 THE APPLES OF NEW YOPK. 259 dium size, vigorous or moderately vigorous, very hardy, healthy, comes into bearing young and is very productive. It is generally superseded in market by larger varieties. MARENGO. REFERENCES. 1. Elliott, Horticulturist, 23:136. 1868. fig. 2. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:207. 1869. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:425. 4. Horticul- iG, FAesyity “usa, 5 MM lelordn Sos ike, styypsune®, (Os Mon, iey(e\SuCloy 7. Barry, 1883:360. 8. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:37. 9. Thomas, 1885 :226, 517. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 11. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893 :134. 12. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :222. Synonyms. Marenco (5, 6). Marmnco Crap (3, 7,\ 9, 10, II, 12). Marenco No. 1 (2, 8). MaArenco WINTER Cras (1, 4). Marengo Winter Crab (2). Originated at Marengo, Ill. (3, 6). This is a good variety for home use where a late-keeping crabapple is desired, and some have found it a profit- able market variety but other varieties of its season which are more attractive in color are generally preferred for commercial purposes. The tree is of medium size, vigorous, spreading, very hardy, long-lived and a reliable cropper usually yielding heavy crops annually. The limbs are very tough and support heavy loads well. The fruit hangs well to the tree till very late in the season. It agrees well with the following description given by Warder (2): “Fruit globular, truncate, regular, or slightly flattened on the sides, one of the largest of its class; surface smooth, yellow, blushed or covered with crimson; dots minute; basin shallow, folded; eye small, closed; cavity medium, regular; stem long; core large, closed, meeting the eye; seeds few, small, plump, light brown; flesh yellow, firm, rather juicy; flavor subacid, aromatic. Use, kitchen and dessert; quality, good; season, winter, and till spring in the North.” MARTHA, REFERENCES. I. ? Ja. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1879:452. 2. [b., 1880:68. 3. Rural N. Y., 45:284. 1886. figs. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1887:134. 5. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 6. Thomas, 1897:299. 7. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 8. Budd-Hansen, 1903:222. 9. Rural N. Y., 62:235. 1903. 10. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:47. 1903. Synonyms. None. Fruit large, very handsome clear yellow more or less overspread with bright red; excellent in flavor and quality; one of the very best of its class for all culinary purposes. The tree is of medium size, moderately vigorous, roundish or spreading, very ~ hardy, comes into bearing young, and is a reliable cropper, yielding good to heavy crops annually or nearly annually. The fruit hangs well to the tree, is uniform, reliable, and satisfactory in appearance and 260 Tue Applies oF NEw York. quality. Season, September to late fall. It should be more gen- erally grown in New York. Historical. Originated with Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn. It has as yet been grown but little in this state. TREE. ; Tree medium in size, moderately vigorous. Form spreading, open and somewhat inclined to droop. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes long. Bark reddish-brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin, not pubescent. Lenticels quite numerous, small, oblong, not raised. Buds very prominent, large, long, acute, free, not pubescent. Leaves rather long, somewhat twisted and drooping. FRuIt. Fruit usually rather large, uniform in size and shape. Form roundish or oblate, regular or very faintly ribbed, usually symmetrical; sides sometimes unequal. Stem long, slender. Cavity acute to somewhat obtuse, medium in depth to rather shallow, rather broad, sometimes furrowed, often thinly russeted. Calyx medium to small, closed or partly open, occasionally de- ciduous. Basin shallow, wide, obtuse, smooth. Skin moderately thin, tough, smooth, clear pale yellow almost entirely covered with an attractive bright light red overspread with bluish bloom; sometimes faint narrow stripes extend from the cavity to calyx. Dots rather numerous, light-colored, small to medium size. Calyx tube short, rather narrow, very small, conical or somewhat funnel- form. Stamens median to marginal. Core medium size, axile; cells closed or nearly so. Carpels roundish or somewhat obovate, slightly tufted. Seeds medium size, rather narrow, acute to acuminate. Flesh yellowish, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, juicy, rather brisk sub- acid, good to very good in flavor and quality. Season September to November. MINNESOTA. REFERENCES. 1. Gideon, Horticulturist, 27:244. 1872. 2. Gibb, Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1883:125. ~3. Ib., Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt, 1030) Teed 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 5. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 15:277. 1800. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :223. 7. Thomas, 1903 :349. SynonyMs. MINNESOTA CRAB (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). MINNESOTA (1). This variety originated in Minnesota. The fruit is very large for its class, roundish; skin pale yellow blushed or mottled on the sunny side and over- spread with thin whitish bloom; flesh white, firm, crisp, juicy, fine-grained, subacid to mild subacid or nearly sweet, slightly astringent, good. Season September and October. As grown at this Station the tree is of spreading form, moderately vigorous and not very productive. (9VYO) VHLYVA Tae AppLes oF NEW YorK. 261 MONTREAL BEAUTY, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:425. 2. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:17. 3. ll. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1877:112. 4. Barry, 1883:360. 5. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:39. 6. Wickson, 1889:249. 7. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:244. 8. Me. Sta. Rpt., 1893:134. 9. Thomas, 1897:299. 10. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :223. Synonyms. Montreat (10). Montreal Beauty (10). MontTrEAL BEAUTY (Gryns (G6 2 2h Zk GOO FA CHO): This very beautiful fruit originated in Quebec and was propa- gated as early as 1833. Gibb (2, 5) states the tree is less hardy than that of Transcendent, but is strong, vigorous, rather large, at first very close and upright, does not come into bearing early, but bears heavily. The fruit is large for its class, oblong conic to roundish oblong and truncate, yellowish-green, mostly covered with red; flesh yellowish-white, tender, rather juicy, unless overripe, subacid, very slightly astringent; season, late September and October. It is well known in the vicinity of Montreal and other portions of Quebec. In the United States it is quite frequently listed by nurserymen (7), yet it is not generally known. OBLONG. REFERENCES. I. Desportes, Horticulturist, 6:507. 1851. fig. 2. Downing, 1869 :425. 3. Barry, 1883 :360. Synonyms. Baccata fructa oblonga (1). OBLONG-FRUITED SIBERIAN CRAB (2). Ostonc SIBERIAN Craps (I, 3). Fruit medium size, oblong conic, yellowish-white, partly shaded with crim- son, striped with carmine and covered with thin bloom; stem very long, slender, usually bracted. This variety has been sparingly disseminated in New York but is now seldom or never planted here. It is not superior to other varieties of its season. ORANGE, REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1869:425. 2. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884 :36. fig. 3. Thomas, 1897:299. fig. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :224. Synonyms. None. A variety of American origin but little grown in New York. Some regard it as a desirable variety for both home use and market. The tree is roundish, spreading, dwarfish, a moderate or rather slow grower, hardy, moderately long-lived and a reliable cropper yielding good to heavy crops annually. It comes into bearing rather young. Season September to No- vember. 262 THe Apples oF NEW YORK. Fruit (1, 4). Fruit medium size. Form roundish, slightly oblate. Stem very long, slender. Cavity open, deep, acute with trace of russet. Calyx closed. Basin very shallow or flat, wrinkled. Skin orange-yellow often netted with russet. Dots minute, white, obscure. Core open. Flesh light salmon-yellow, a little dry, rather mild subacid with sweet after-taste, good. Season September to November. PAUL IMPERIAL, REFERENCES. 1. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1888:14. 2. Thomas, 1897 :299. Synonyms. None. A September variety in season about with Transcendent; somewhat irreg- ular in shape; of very good general appearance but less attractive in size and color than Hyslop and inferior to Martha in quality. The tree is below medium size, comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable annual cropper. Historical. Introduced by Pau! and Son, Cheshunt, England. A cross between the Red Astrachan and Siberian Crab (1). TREE. Tree moderately vigorous with short, stout, crooked branches having numerous small spurs. Form spreading, flat, open. Twigs olive-green tinged with brown, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent. Lenticels scattering, medium to large, oval, slightly raised. Buds large, prominent, plump, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit small to medium, uniform in size but not in shape. Form usually oblate, often irregularly elliptical, strongly ribbed; sides unequal. Stem long to medium, slender. Cavity obtuse to acute, moderately deep, broad, furrowed, not russeted. Calyx large, closed, prominent, persistent; lobes long, moderately broad. Basin very shallow, wide, obtuse, furrowed and wrinkled and sometimes mammillate. Skin thin, rather tender, smooth, yellow, often entirely covered with dark bright red or with but little of the yellow ground color exposed, over- spread with blue bloom. Dots very small, numerous, indistinct, light. Calyx tube small, short, moderately wide, urn-shape. Stamens nearly marginal. Core rather large, axile or nearly so; cells closed or slightly open; core lines meeting. Carpels nearly roundish, narrowing toward apex, tufted. Seeds below medium size, moderately wide, acute, light brown. Flesh yellowish sometimes stained with pink, firm, moderately coarse, crisp, rather tough, juicy, brisk subacid, less astringent than Red Siberian, good. Season September and October. (@V¥YHO) ALNVAS IVWAYLNOW Tue AppLes oF NEW York. 263 PICT AS TRIAT A, REFERENCES. 1. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1888:14. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. Am. Rpt., 12:601. 1893. 3. Ragan, U. S. B. P. I. Bul., 56:370. 1905. SyNoNYMS. PicrA STRIATA (1, 2). PieTa (3). Pieta Striata (3). Fruit handsome, rather mild in flavor; season late fall and early winter. It is hardly large enough for a good commercial variety. The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing rather late and is an annual cropper yield- ing moderate to good crops. Historical. Received from Ellwanger and Barry, Rochester, N. Y., in 1888 for testing at this Station. TREE. Tree rather large. Form upright spreading to roundish with rather droop- ing laterals. Twigs long, curved, slender; internodes short. Bark clear brown, tinged with green, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubes- cent near tips. Lenticels quite numerous, rather conspicuous, medium size, oval, not raised. Buds medium size, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. FRUIT. Fruit medium or above, uniform in size but not in shape. Form oblate or roundish oblate, irregularly ribbed. *Stem long, slender. Cavity obtuse, medium to rather deep, medium to broad, compressed, smooth or nearly so. Calyx usually small, closed; lobes separated at base, long, medium in width, acute to acuminate. Basin shallow to medium in depth, medium in width, obtuse, nearly smooth. Skin thin, tender, smooth, rather glossy, pale greenish-yellow nearly cov- ered with crimson, blushed and striped with carmine. Dots indistinct, small, gray. Calyx tube moderately short, rather narrow, conical to urn-shape. Stamens marginal or nearly so. Core medium to large, axile; cells slightly open or closed; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish to elliptical, concave, deeply emarginate, some- times tufted. Seeds rather dark brown, medium size, wide, short, obtuse. Flesh tinged with yellow, firm, a little coarse, tender, juicy, somewhat astringent, sprightly subacid, good. Season October to early winter. QUAKER, REFERENCES. 1. Rural N. Y., 1870 (cited by 7). 2. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :247. 3. Thomas, 1897:299. 4. Lyon, Mich. Sta. Bul., 152:224. 1808. 5. Farrand, /b., 205:48. 1903. 6. Budd-Hansen, 1903:224. 7. Ragan, U. S. Bal ee Blew 5 Or 37 la TOOS: Synonyms. None. This variety has been disseminated more in the western states than it has in New York. It is but little grown here. Farrand (5) describes it as 264 THe AppLes oF NEw York. a late ripening variety of only fair quality, size medium to large; color yellow with a red cheek; tree handsome, vigorous but not very productive; season October. QUEEN CHOICE. REFERENCES. 1. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:247. 2. Ellwanger and Barry, Cat., 1894:15. 3. Thomas, 1897:299. 4. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :224. SYNONYMS. QUEEN’S CHOICE (1, 2, 3). QUEEN Choice (4). This crab has a fruit which is medium or above, roundish conical, of a beautiful crimson color, showy and attractive; flesh whitish and of pleasant flavor and quality; season October; tree vigorous, very prolific (2, 3, 4). It is but little known in New York. RED SIBERIAN, REFERENCES. 1. Forsyth, 1803:57. 2. Coxe, 1817:106. 3. Fessenden, 1828:129. 4. Kenrick, 1832:57. 5. Jb., 1835:75. 6. Downing, 1845:147. 7. Thomas, 1849:158. 8. Cole, 1849:137. 9. Barry, 1851:287. 10. Elliott, 1854:157. 11. Gregg, 1857:62. fig. 12. Downing, 1869:426. 13. Fitz, 1872:147. 14. Thomas, 1875:208. 15. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:39. 1884. 16. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc., Rpt., 1890:300. 17. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :248. 18. Lyon, U. S. Pom. Bul., 6:11. 1897. 19. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :224. SyNONYMS. ReED SIBERIAN (II, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19). RED SIBERIAN CRAB GG, 38; 'G, 12). Sisertan’ Gran (1, 2) (3,94; 6; 7, 10; 83,14 Origin France (19). Fruit small, decidedly ornamental, borne in clusters. It is three-quarters of an inch to an inch in diameter, roundish oblate to somewhat oblong, irregularly ellip- tical; stem long and slender; cavity acute, medium in width and depth; calyx small to medium, often deciduous; basin but slightly depressed. Skin smooth, pale yellow striped and blushed with lively red and overspread with blue bloom; flesh subacid, astringent, good for culinary uses. Season September and October. SEP TEMBER, REFERENCES. 1. Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1888:319. 2. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 12:602. 1893. Synonyms. None. A very handsome fruit of good quality for either dessert or culinary use. It ripens a few days later than Transcendent. NvIydy3aIS Gay TIVWS oo linge THE Apples OF NEW York. 265 The tree is a good grower, comes into bearing young and yields full crops biennially. This is distinct from the September apple described by Down- ing.! Historical. Originated with Peter M. Gideon, Excelsior, Minn., frem seed of Cherry Crab. In 1888 Mr. Gideon sent stock of this variety to this Station for testing. TREE. Tree vigorous, with short, stout, crooked and twisted branches. Form rather flat, spreading, open. Twigs moderately long, curved, moderately stout with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark clear brown, lightly mottled with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels quite nu- merous, medium size, round, not raised. Buds prominent, large, long, plump, acute, free, not pubescent. FRvIt. Fruit medium to large for a crab, uniform in size but not in shape. Form roundish oblate to somewhat oblong, inclined to conic, frequently ribbed; sides usually unequal. Stem usually long and slender. Cavity somewhat cbtuse, rather shallow to medium in depth, medium to broad, occasionally furrowed, sometimes russeted. Calyx medium to rather large, closed or partly open. Basin mammillate, very shallow to moderately deep, medium in width, slightly obtuse. Skin thin, tender, smooth, pale yellow or greenish, striped with red, in well colored specimens becoming nearly covered with dark red, overspread with bluish bloom. Dots small, scattering, inconspicuous, gray or brownish. Calyx tube rather short, medium in width, broadly funnel-form; pistil point persistent. Stamens median to nearly marginal. Core medium size, axile or slightly abaxile; cells closed or wide open; core lines clasping. Carpels roundish, elongated. Seeds variable in shape, medium size, moderately wide, rather short, acute to broadly acute, rather light dull brown. Flesh tinged with yellow, medium in grain, moderately tender, juicy, sub- acid, not astringent but with an agreeable crabapple flavor, good to very good in quality. Season September. SOULARD. REFERENCES. I. Soulard, Gard. Monthly, 10:199. 1868 (cited by 13). 2. Ib., Ill. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1869:195, 260. 3. Downing, 1869:426. 4. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1871:8. 5. Soulard, Ili. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1873:291. 6. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 5:91. 1879. 7. [b., 10:37. 1884. 8. Thomas, 1885 :524. g. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892 :249. 11. Budd, Amer. Gard., 14:244. 1893. 12. Thomas, 1897:264. fig. 13. Bailey, Evol. Native Fruits, 1898:261. fig. 14. Craig, Ja. Acad. Sci., 7:130. 1899. pl. 15. Budd-Hansen, 1903:225. fig. Synonyms. None. 1 Downing, 1869:350. 266 THe AppLes OF NEW YORK. This is regarded by Bailey as a hybrid between the native prairie crab, Pyrus Ioensis, and the common apple, Pyrus malus (13), in which opinion he is supported by Craig (14). It is distinct from the Soulard apple. According to Soulard’s account (13) “it originated on a farm about twelve miles from St. Louis, Mo., where stood an American crab thicket not in- closed, near the farmhouse, about twenty-five years since. The thicket was cut down and the ground cultivated some two or three years; culture being discontinued, another crab thicket sprang up, and when bearing, one tree (the identical kind now called Soulard crab) was discovered. The fruit as- tonished me by its remarkably large size, being sent to me by a friend whose widowed mother, Mrs. Freeman Delauriere, occupied the farm. I im- mediately propagated it by grafting upon crab stock and upon our common seedlings. Upon both stocks producing the same fruit and thriving admir- ably, I disseminated it among my friends as a very desirable fruit, having nothing of the Siberian type. It is to me conclusive that this crab is the offspring of an accidental hybridization of the wild crab by our common apple. The tree, its foliage, habit, increased size of fruit and tree, and decreased acerbity, convince me it is a hybrid, and as far as I know, the first instance of such cross. “T consider it the most desirable of all crabs that I have seen. Adding sweetness, it is delicious baked. It makes most excellent preserves, being large enough to be quartered, and unsurpassed by any crab for jams, jellies, etc., imparting its delicate taste and rich crab aroma. The largest have measured over seven inches around. In form, color and smell it is like the common crab, and it hangs on the tree until destroyed by frost. It will keep two years, with common care, in a cellar, and will stand repeated freezing and thawing in a dark place. It is agreeable to many palates in the spring. “ The tree is an immense grower in the nursery, coming early into fruit and making but little growth afterward, and is an immense and regular bearer. I have made some cider as clear as wine, with sugar or a quarter part of sweet apples. It will make delicious strong cider. Tree perfectly hardy, having stood the severest winters here and at St. Paul, Minn., for twenty- five years.” After giving the testimony of several observers with regard to the value of this hybrid for the Upper Mississippi valley Bailey concludes: “It is probable that too much was expected of the Soulard crab when it was first introduced, and that it afterward, suffered from the partial collapse. Such an array of apples has now been introduced into the cold Northwest — from the East, from Russia, offspring of the Siberian crab, and local seedlings of the common apple—that the Soulard crab and its kin have been ob- scured ” (13). The variety is still listed by some nurserymen (10). It is practically un- known in New York and has no value for this state. TRANSCENDENT. REFERENCES. 1. Horticulturist, 22:125. 1867. 2. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:205. 1869. fig. 3. Downing, 1869:426. 4. Todd, 1871:83. fig. 5. Fitz, (A€VYO) LNSGNSAOSNVYL THE Apples OF NEW YORK. 267 1872:147. 6. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1:21. 1876. 7. Barry, 1883: 360. 8. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:39. 1884. 9. Wickson, 1889 :249. 10. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 11. Thomas, 1897:300. 12. U. S. Pom. Bul., 6:11. 1897. 13. Can. Hort., 26:489. 1903. figs. 14. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :226. fig. SYNONYMS. TRANSCENDANT (5, 9, I0, 13). TRANSCENDENT (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, bh, th, Wie WAL, Ail))e This beautiful fruit has for many years been one of the most popular of the crabapples cultivated in this state. The tree is a good grower, roundish, spreading, hardy and usually very pro- ductive yielding good to very heavy crops nearly annually. It is in season from late August to the middle of September or a little later. Historical. The history of Transcendent seems to be unknown. Although our first reference to this variety is 1867, William Prince had it listed in his nursery catalogue as early as 1844.1 It seems to have been in the hands of nurserymen for years before it came to the attention of pomological writers, hence the obscurity in regard to its origin. TREE. Tree large with stout, curved and drooping branches. Form very spreading, drooping, rather dense. Twigs moderately long, curved, slender, with large terminal buds; internodes long. Bark brown, tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubesent near tips. Lenticels quite numer- ous, medium to large, oval, raised, conspicuous. Buds medium to large, rather prominent, plump, obtuse or slightly acute, free, slightly pubescent. Fruit. Fruit medium to rather large. Form roundish or roundish oblong, flat- tened at the ends, somewhat ribbed. Stem medium to long, rather stout, bracted. Cavity narrow, shallow, obtuse. Calyx large, closed; lobes long, leafy, reflexed. Basin shallow, wrinkled. Skin thin, clear bright yellow with bright red cheek, overspread with bloom. Highly colored specimens are nearly covered with bright red. Calyx tube conical. Stamens marginal. Core medium size; cells closed. Flesh yellow, crisp, juicy, moderately fine, somewhat astringent, subacid, very good for culinary uses. Season late August to the middle of September. VAN WYCK. REFERENCES. I. Downing, 1872:39 app. 2. Barry, 1883:360. 3. Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 10:37. 1884. 4. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:251. 5. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1897:11. 6. Thomas, 1897:300. fig. 7. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :227. 1 Ragan, U. S. P. B. I, Bul., 56:373. 1905. 268 THe AppLes oF NEW YORK. Synonyms. Brier Sweet (6). VAN Wyck Cras (2, 4, 5, 6, 7). VAN Wyck SIBERIAN (1). VAN Wyck SwEET (3, 4). A sweet crabapple which according to Downing (1) originated as a chance seedling in Fishkill, Dutchess ‘county, N. Y. Fruit large for a Siberian crabapple, whitish shaded with bright red, covered with bloom; flesh whitish, tender, moderately juicy, sweet, rich; it sometimes water- cores; core small, closed; season August and September (1, 2). This variety is occasionally listed by nurserymen (4). It is not generally known in New York and it appears that its cultivation in this state is not increasing. WHITNEY. REFERENCES. I. Warder, Tilt. Jour. Hort., 5:206. 1869. fig. 2. Minn. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1876:109. 3. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat., 1881-16. 4. Barry, 1883 :360. 5. Gibb, Montreal Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1884:34. fig. 6. Ib., Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt., 1885:29. 7. Thomas, 1885:529. 8. Can. Hort., 11:42. 1888. g. Wickson, 1889:249. 10. Lyon, Mich. Hort. Soc. Rpt., 1890:300. 11. Bailey, An. Hort., 1892:252. 12. Beach, N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 13:584. 1804. 13. Burrill and McCluer, Jl). Sta. Bul., 45:346. 1896. 14. Farrand, Mich. Sta. Bul., 205:48. 1903. 15. Can. Hort., 26:489. 1903. figs. 16. Budd- Hansen, 1903 :228. SYNONYMS. WHITNEY (3, 10, II, 14, 15, 16). WHITNEY CRAB (4, 7, 9). Wuirtney No. 20 (1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, 13). Whitney No. 20 (15, 16). One of the most popular of the large crabapples particularly in the West and North. The fruit is attractive, yellow, striped with lively red, subacid, good for dessert and very good for culinary uses. It is in season in August and early September. The tree is a thrifty, upright grower, comes into bearing young and is very productive. Historical. This variety originated with A. R. Whitney, Franklin Grove, Ill. (1). It was at first disseminated under the name Whitney No. 20, under which name it was described by Warder as early as 1869 (1). It has not been much planted in New York but in regions farther north and west its cultivation is gradually increasing. TREE. Tree below medium with moderately stout, moderately long, curved branches. Form upright becoming somewhat spreading after fruiting heavily. Twigs short, straight, stout with large terminal buds; internodes medium size. Bark bright brown tinged with green, lightly streaked with scarf-skin; slightly pubescent near tips. Lenticels numerous, small, oval, not raised. Buds medium to large, broad, obtuse, free, pubescent. Fruit. Fruit large, pretty uniform in size and shape. Form roundish inclined to conic or to ovate. Stem slender. Cavity narrow to moderately wide, THE APpPLEs OF NEW York. 269 rather deep, obtuse. Calyx medium to large, closed or partly open. Basin broad, shallow, wrinkled. Skin light yellow largely shaded and striped with red. Flesh yellowish, crisp, juicy, mild subacid or nearly sweet with slight crab- apple flavor, good to very good. Season late August and early September. YELLOW SIBERIAN. REFERENCES. I. Buel, NV. Y. Bd. Agr. Mem., 1826:477. 2. Kenrick, 1832:58 3. Downing, 1845:147. 4. Cole, 1849:137. 5. Thomas, 1849:158. 6. Waring, 1851 :30. 7. Barry, 1851:287. 8. Gregg, 1857:62. 9. Warder, 1867:732. 10. Budd-Hansen, 1903 :228. Synonyms. Amber Crab (3). Golden Beauty. Stper1AN Crap (6). YELLOW SIBERIAN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, I0). This is sometimes called Golden Beauty. It is similar to Red Siberian except in the color and size of the fruit, it being rather large and of a clear golden-yellow color. Season September. Tree medium size or below, a good grower, upright becoming roundish, and somewhat drooping, very hardy and healtliy except that under certain circumstances it suffers from blight. It comes into bearing rather young and is a reliable cropper, yielding heavy to very heavy crops annually or nearly annually. It is grown principally for home use but sometimes a portion of the fruit is disposed of in local markets. Page 222. 245. 281. 282. ERRATA—VOL, A Under Rhode Island Greening group, “ Northwestern Greening ” should be omitted. Under Alexander group, “ Bismark” should be “ Bismarck.” Under Different Types of Ben Davis, in the last paragraph omit Rutledge. Under Black Annette, second line, “1886” should be “ 1866.” First line of text, under Carlough, (2) should be (3). Under Golden Medal, fourth line, reference “U. S. B. P. I. bulletin 56:124” should be “U. S. B. P. I. bulletin 56:125.” Colored plate facing. Legend “Jacob Sweet” should be “Jacobs Sweet.” McAfee, first line of second paragraph, insert (7). between Indian and Wyandotte; Wyandotte (7). should precede Zeeke on p. 197. Colored plate facing. “ Genet,’ in italic should be omitted. Under Sweet Russet all of the second line, including the words “Synonym” and “Summer Russet (1),”’ should be omitted. Twenty-sixth line, second column, “Bismark” should be “ Bismarck.” “Pomme Grise,” first column, fifteenth line, should be roman instead of italic. Eighth line from bottom of left column, “ Winter Sweet Para- dise” should be roman capitals and small capitals instead of italic. ERRATA—7 OL. is Under Thompson, paragraph 3, line 2, “Season late winter” should be “ Season early winter.” Eighth line from bottom, last word, “sometimes” should be “ somewhat.” Second paragraph, insert “to 981 inclusive,” so that the sentence will read: “ The following numbers to 981 inclusive are those given the varieties included in the Department of Agriculture importations of 1870.” “Number 21 Veronesh” should be “No. 21 Voronesh.” INDEX TO VARIETIES. (Accepted names appear wholly or in part in roman type; synonyms in italic.) Abe Lincoln ADIRONDACK . ADMIRABLE .. . INTEBIONI = 5) « Albertin INTESGANIDER: 26% 2 0 siat aaies, «herrea Alexander the First... ........ UBT HON AEG Sh Bore neo COO American American American American American American American American American American ee IGT tome ire ae 6 Sear IPC T2EQVUD . 5 6 eBGoe Gloria Mundt....... Golden... Golden Pippm........ Mammoth .. Mother . Pearmain IAG! 3 Red Juneating....... American Summer . . American Summer Pearmain... AMSTERDAM Amsterdam Sweet .. JALTIRNOSGGL IPDINE Cou shee boos ca6e ANISIM Anmisim of Peterson Antenovka Antonowka ANTONOVKA . Antony . . APORT American ) aje\he) er ienie) ste Gaye)) 292 Aporta .. ANANAAMNMN Ow wn INPORT ORIENT: nih te 3 aelon ees sae en A port. Orsentahe at. asc ee 7 ATR OORGRSS, vat cee IG ioe te 32 ARCTIC shy Seton for ohi ee ae G/ AG COD: KGOSVUM Ie mess neat oe 14 Alaa) IKGATSRTIM. ¢ 5 eocooboob0e 14 Angad Krasvwuin oma setae A Aromatic Spike No. 354. . sooo Bag ASHIROIGOTY, IBUCHGID 6 5 oaaceoaocs 230 AIGUAUICO CHEUO 2... epee 15 Belle Rosé... -s2sc37 ase eee 168 Bellflower of the West ........ 148 Bell's. Barly ©. 1.4.a3 eee ee 203 Bells: Favorites ese eee eee 203 BEN FORD; <)35... eee 45 Benniger ~ « 2 neg «2p eee eee 15 BENNINGER % 2:

2 62ssc cece eee 203 BENONI... 16 Bergamot... .o-s7eeeeeeeee 6 Berry. Apple ..2) cere 39 Bielborodovsk@ ... ...... 15 BIETIGHEIMER .. . 17 Big Rambo (sgHenaenn ots West- ern. Beauty) Scieeeeeeeeeeeee 239 Big Rambo (synonym of Grosh) 89 Big Sweet iid. cones eee 233 Big Voandevere o>. eee 231 BIRTH wis 5 4 oe 4 eee 18 BISMARCK s22).':4.cled cee eee 19 Bismark sos.c% 202 cele eee 19 BLACK ANNETTE, ..45 hee eee 20 Black. Apple ...cc2202eeee eee 46 Black Detroit 2.22 eee eee 46 Blanche . . 5 cccsne cee eee 241 Blanche d’Espagne ...........- 241 Blanche Glacee d’Ete .......... 239 BLENHEIM , 2. os. :=sethaeeste 20 Blenheim Orange ......:.-2..0- 21 Blenheim Pippin .....-++c0+00- 21 Blenheimsrenett . . 21 BLOOM « [ceric eee 690 Bloomimg Orange ..........---- al Bigmen Calaill, 2. 0...6 Sencha 85 INDEX TO PAGE BLUSHED! GALVIEEEM aetna 22 ES eds HUME whe Adee eas I8r Blush June I8t Bogdanoff (synonym es Ged: mother) ... 83 Bogdanott Sue ianka Sches Ct aCe ss: Bohannon . 118 IBONUIMERROIONY trctctc ote cette ee 23 BorovinKA . Be 24 Borovinka aes Eich tase 24 Borovitsky (synonym of Boro- days) horn epee ne ochre eng od 24 Borovitsky (synonym of Olden- [O/SFFE 8 Aeon clases eae I51 ON OROICK Ys... attra cer eos oases Sow I5I OG ORIUES RU a) ack ete a ees aie oe I51 PORORUELSI MI ted cafe Se oteins ales woh breed I5I PLORSUOBRORL Re oe iets Shela 5) isan 2 5 TBXOSI<(\O as CRN ae ae 25 IBOOK)“ o& Gooey coe SAE OIE 216 LOWE Oy CAVN MIC ESAS o OOS OO SOE 216 Bough, Early Sweet. o..2.0...++ 216 Bough Sweet 216 Baie Apple x toktsoe she ten ie ates 216 Bracken . 4 240 Bracy’s Seek- Nee Further RAE MK 0: 88 IBRESIKOVIGAW As ae Bara roe icioate es 26 ESRITSIGUAIN Te ap uss Neectete staves tice are ores 69 BILE LOMA. erat, ik teas apshhe.s 5B) Buckram - 97 BUCHOM ANON Sr ace ccheee oe te Ca 149 IBGE Nis oe CRORE RO Doc OOO 4Q ISTO AAI Ae eee yoo aomes ome ee 27 [BSD I SM ite aan eaten serena eA IBUtiCk SID PIN c= sede echelon) 78 Gabane du Chien <2. ..5..-... «6 98 (CODUS UG Dis 28 ele STO OO GET 22 GARIN SUE AG sere ire cirinie auth sueteserers se 28 (CCAS PUGUS on ORR CRC DIA OOO 28 GaleimisMPtppin .< os ssi oa se oe or 30 Calville de Gravenstein ....... 85 Calville Grafenstemer ......... 85 Galailles Krasmnuy . s. oases. ee 22 Cambour des Lorrains .........- 213 Camotsas du roi d’Espagne ..... 241 Gamoise Blanche 23:2 02.2.3 « 241 Camoisee Blanche ...........+. 241 VARIETIES, 273 PAGE GOMUCSOL 2 Cathead (aranparne ca ‘Cheese. DOFG)) ae eae ee eee Nace 33 Cathead (synonym of Fall Pip- DIT). Se aay vb aa eee 62 Cathead Greening 20 Catshedd pat anette 29 Catshead Greennig 2... 22 2-5 2- 29 Cattell Ap picmmene ean eee cee 148 Cayuca Red Sivegk) sas anon 227 CELESTIA o) Reh se ee cecce eee 20 CERAWEP LATING po antes aesioiions cee oie 30 CHANDDERR RSs ceeia ero ceeneie 31 Chandler ssRedigenate seer 31 CHARGAMORE io ian eee ese Gharlanoskin owen ona 32 CGharglaniousk@ Joe eee eee Charlamowitski ee I51 Charlamowski @’ Ant areaen vat one 151 Charlamowskircher Nalleoid I51 Charlamowsk@..... 32 Gharlamowskyn ian see 151 Gharlottenthalers 9s nese ee 222 Charlottenthaler Apple ........ 222 Charlottenthaler Golba ......... 222 Charmant *BlanG ae. sane te 213 Gheesborau cea ts cee cee 33 Gheesebvororren fractals «/s55 deren 33 Gheesevorors RUSSEL 2.22 s2 eee 33 Cheescborouch wy 2 ea ons Cheeseborough Russet ......... 33 CHENANGO . FOAL 33 Chenango Strawberry 33 Chimney Apple 22... cones 65 GEIS He BIG Soe oe atk Ge ee 18 GhristBath: 1p pler oot ee 274 PAGE GUSTIN GS a0) ie Ge 18 GUNOMON . 3. 5 sake ores ees + 6 (CWAPPER SEAT ree emits inte srniete 34 CLARKE: Serer cine sei or otearsslars 35 Clarkes Beauty wesc ae rte: 35 CUVDE TL a ate ee hese ak, 8 36 GIde CBEOUIW a. ae ov. sean Some 36 Coalbrook . é ‘ 225 Cobbett’s Fall Ce of Fall Bappin) brass oe ets to roe ees 62 Cobbett’'s Fall (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) . 241 Cobbett’s Fall Pippin (synonym OLekallebippin) > seeerecres soe 62 Cobbett’s Fall Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) .. 241 CODEING wars ot ae ee ae ene Tn, COdlin wICSIIGh ee settee rion eee rally (GOS SS pice: nae ee eee 49 Coleman . 7 CA ca NR ces 227 Galets. sOWince. 2582 cere ne 174 (COnBAMER Ss 7 saccete 26 Collamer Twenty Ounce ....... 36 GOLTON 8.5 0 Soe eee 37 Colion arly nc seis coe eset aig) (COUVERT A: Si; eines ies Some Ae 38 GomiplesOrloiiec: santo ee eae 233 Comte Woronzoff ........... 2 Concombre Ancien (synonym 6 Rall Peippin) seer eee ee 62 Concombre Ancien (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) ..... 241 CON TUN Lae ec te CACC OLD CONSTANTDINE,: ei caen mie ner eee 39 (COOPER. ee ae ee eee MAO Copp’s Mepawmert a Oe NS ee 77 Corals. Soe Oe eee 3 CORNELL 5.5 6s Re cee ee ee B40 Cornell: Fancy eo on2 <2 dose See 41 Cornell’s Favorite .... 4I CORNER . 4I Cornish Cilliflower 197 Corse’s St. Lawrence ......+... 193 GossOVOn Ge, Cire ae 42 (SOSEOT Ore asses ORI ee 29 COSC ARUN, G6 GcAna asco odoo 29 Count Orlotie ve scncnen Cee eee 233 Gowsiar ds Ss. tain ono 29 INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE, Cox ORANGE. 426245. Gp eeeE eee 42 Cox’s: Orange. +. 5.0% 42 Cox's) Orange. Pippin eee 42 Cox's Pomona eee eee eee 165 CRANBERRY, PIPPIN 2 eee paneer 43 Crandall Seedling 107 CREAM |. 2, Don.025 oon ene 44 Crimson Beauty . 07 a5 eoeeeee 196 Crimson Pippin (synonym of Scarlet Pippin) ee eee eee 196 Crimson Pippin (synonym of Detroit Red)” (3ac-beeeeeeeee 46 Crimson Scarlet Pippin ........ 196 Grow’ E6G .... 55..5. Shee eee eee 44 Crow's Ege seereeen eee 213 De Rattan. >: cios6 eee eee 62 De. Ratteau 420-256 cee eee 241 De Revel (synonym of Yellow Transparent), “cc ee eee eee 248 De Revel (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) ..2:3scee eee tenes 233 Derrick and Anms...22- een Derrick’s Graft, 22 pene eee 186 De Seigneur d’Automne........ 29 D’Espagne (synonym of White Spanish’ Reinette)) .:7 see eee 241 D’Espagne (synonym of Fall Pippin) (..4.hketasn aoe 62 Deterding’s Early” ...<2.-:eeee 178 Det Ott. 25. dseisc anioe hoe Ee 46 Detzott Blackee eee ee eee 46 INDEX TO PAGE, ID BTROMMRED I sats Sabon cents re 46 DEEPER. tea ae tama wae DAL Demin dus COnt atc eee: aoe 22 Diels Sommerkomg ............ 85 DixeniviieOnGes nates cre 22 Wodge:s') Barly Redn seis. 2 eee, 203 DO USeh CAs he tte irer sae rtns Stay 05 IDET oe ett ss RET OLE 95 IDIOTS G's. sos pent tak OR Ae BORE RE ere or 05 IDCOSGO®S TECHIE (3 do oo eo he rbisptatt 2) EMU CHLESSAIM Nae ccitey hee etree ia Ss ies Duchesse dOldenbourg......... I51 IDI UESS BNO ARS ef Ore EO 158 Duchess of Oldenburg....... 48, I51 Duchess of Oldenburgh......... 151 DDRII hy ciara gts cache: 48 DY ONCE. Ta roneccls ey aie hs) seeiene ss 48 DUCE ESS WV ANTON. orf x ake Saserta a: 48 ID, WNOHCCHHSS 6 ened n Doo Oba oer 65 ID WIE NS coe NERDS Exec ODO MOS o 208 DD ULCWOSS MENA Ree Jor sa) 105 ean ciote I51 Dutchess of Oldenberg.......... I5I Dutchess of Oldenburgh........ 151 Dutch Mignonne (synonym of BiLemivein) Meeks ae hse oe 21 Wuwensonis June? ssc... I41 SPER ares crenata ate seas 6 as AQ AGRI NR OLA ZENS 24 Ne S05 ihe oe soles oe 168 GLU SOUS Mite eae eae A tree 6 216 Bai (COMM soaks aoocteonesenc 27) MLS 4 © OMEKESS TINS Nae ton e : 85 Early French Reinette (synonym Oi Jkeihi IeleinieSt)aoncesecoos 51 Early French Reinette (synonym eeroweet Boueh)4..oteoe ose 216 Early Golden Sweet............ 81 PARI EIARVEST =: tc). orice yee 50 STRINGER I AN 24S Sal ese wee 106 Barly + Tenneting .o. 0... ewe 240 DVART VAN OR RA) Slisoi4. ooo oe eee 52 apy aly (PApPans 3.6. a. Datsun 51 Early June (synonym of Early PIGERMESE UREN < cytes oes 51 Early June (synonym of Egg ARG) * © org eB Eee 56 Borin imine: Gr SOuUth. 252. at I41 Borhy Vlarsaret. sc .sb.ctsc cies I4I VARIETIES. PAGE, Barly, May ction sea 240 MARRY) PENNOCK ony Ret 53 B Oly IR. = 3283. PAG eee eh ee ee I4I Early Red Juneating..........- I4I Barly Red: Margaret... #1. 5 soe I4I Barly Red) Pippi. <. See 93 Pigilye ed sire ales. 9 eee 93 Barly (eae Siredkn. in. dene eee 03 IS AREA RUPE" 68-8 fk eh 54 HARES STRAWBERRY 15000 -)eee 54 Early Striped Juneating........ 141 Early Summer Pearmain....... 211 PORN T SOCEER: ini htres ne shee 98 Early Sweet Bough............ 216 Barly Swectheart—.. 022). 72 keee 216 Barly Tart Harvest: 5... 168 Early Washington .....0.2.0..0% 203 TEES OPC Ss Son eo bh Ate ee 44 EGG SLOP eats oh eee ee 56 Baghteen (Ounce in) hate ene 227 Eighteen Ounce Apple......... 227 BEGiIne 2IPPINe sae: 56 Elgin Pippin (synonym of White Spanish -Reimetie)= =. )..2.-.. 241 Empereur Alexandre I......... 3 Empereur Alexandre de Russie. 3 Empereug ide“ Russies y. 40.6 sans |. °3 Emperor Alewander .:....:.... 3 Englese Orange Appel.......... 154 Englische Granat-Reinette...... 184 Englischer Pepping...........-. 57 English Borovinka ............. 24 ENGLisH: (CODLING: 245.5 e8. 5 nets o 117 English Jannetting ............ 230 PyglishyKiwar <2 estat ae) ae English Pearmain ............. 125 BINCEISH« PIPPIN» Neo, ccs eee 57 English Pippin (synonym of Eongieldye seek ttn ate ss, 123 English Rambow, 2. S425. ised). 89 English weet (synonym of Ramsdell Sweet) ......... 58, 175 English Sweeting ............: 175 PES CORAL AE et dR Rausch AAs 62 EpEscopalert sss 5 s.dc testa der esc 241 ARSE SVAD Pile: Fe Bete dss 149 Banshss Pippi ais case os comme. 149 ESSCLR EAD DUN co souls cece 184 270 INDEX TO PAGE, | TS A ORS ODOR OCRE Cs Ga. 56 Eve Apple (synonym of Egg (Noy) agtseadeaws soc bowoda” 56 Eve Apple (synonym of Mar- CEO ews oa bodouodn obo dcussodoe I4I IFOAADAHEUS Soanocchoasooocbes. 103 IPA IBOVAM Sodes aces bos ncd ects: 10 FOUN (GBRCUTEE 500 500080009 58eeC 59 oll COPMORMITUS cowosod00sne0605 50 vA AGRBENIINIG) erenne tcuvenelomrele ss 58 Pal) (GEG. SWIC So +0 00058 o0 800 233 VANE T eu WARE Waewareyenors tater si-nverefeleaareie 58 Gt) VGREUTS od n anak ososuon ue 50 TAI, JpoNAMBINUNE Ssa5 aod ovssd6 5 oD 50 AGH, IORRBTAHER. 6 bo 5650408 b5040¢ 50 IRCA (Oponwee 3d000 0080 000000 68 12, 60 ATT MAP IPPING Wipe sce, pe alt Seed OL Fall Pippin (synonym of Fall IEIENAVEN)s ool ho pods ad poms oon 58 Fall Pippin (synonym of Holland EAIp Pin) meee sexe eee tae eee sso IOI Fall Pippin (synonym of White SpanitShmelveinette) meses act 241 Ito OGG ee Berton Be oan Oca Oe on OI OL SPD WUDOLEY lle ere eta stot 120 1 QOUI PASAT” ors cer oercne eds 190 IRC ASIC aaa lobe Ovo acon oeaec II Fall Swaar ot the VWest=-.-...-. LE RalimVaawd erucre sae ae 231 IFCATERS “VENTE aa es clok ee ate te cencyer sere 63 EGAUNUESUISED: cree tome eur Samome ss 65 Fameuse (synonym of Utter)... 230 Fameuse Baldwin .........+.->- 98 VANIEUSEM GREE NG ane mecer een 69 AMEUSE GROUPS cnc seieee saris 68 IRA EDOSID INI@URIDNG G55 on bonono ob doc 69 BAMIEUISE SUCRE eerie ateerior 690 ECAWNINIY gee ahc piste tec ote etapa oats ts 69 IF GCAWHOTMOR a oso0da0 ocaancess 3 ISITE os cysmoyete tts. eerkereeveteaaeatersets 70 Fishkill Bequly’ Pace cesses eae 70 Five-Quartered Gilliflower ...... 197 HES Gr heahenevatotere inv cist eae one eee ore Groat: 34 ELE MIRUSS CLR eine ace 170 Flower (of Genesee)........... 73 Flushing Seek-No-Further ..... 88 ORD fe Shes tevstterere renee ote cas bs heer 7Y VARIETIES. PAGE. Forever Pippin seer eee eo 33 FOrMOsG _. 2315 eo cee eee 184 Formosa Pippin eee eee 184 OVA (Op UUs 6a 5000060 0bG0006 112 Fraise. 22S sae eee 55 FRANCHOT "222 tac. sen esters opis PYONR oc aes Hee eRe 33 Frank: Rambour eee eee 213 French Pippin (synonym of Hol- land) Eippin)) eeeeee eee eee IOI French Pippin (synonym of Romani Sten) meee 188 French Romo oseeee eee 89 French Remeticueee eee 215 French Spitzenburgh (synonym of Summer Spitzenburg)..... 215 FULLERTON, SWEELS Ease eeeeeer ik GARDEN ROYAL See eee Ee Eneen 72 Gardiner-s Applemeeeee eee 143 GARDNER SWEET PEARMAIN...... WB Geleed' Ete. accor eeceee 230 General Chandler ...-...-.--0- 31 GENESEE, FLOWER UAE eee eee 73 Geneva Pearmam ..........-.+- 30 Gennething «sci aor 240 German Calville ... 055.2 -e ee nee 6 German Calville 324..........-. 6 Georgia June Geese eater eee 181 Gibbon’s Smathhouse ........... 231 Gibbon’s Smokehouse .......... 231 GIDEON ....4.5 ooh eee 74 Gideon Winter 2a. 74 Ginettnge .40cs5ccn Ree eee 240 GINNIE, | @os0s/4.01 cee eS 75 Glacede) Zelond ca peeee eee 239 Glaciend Etienne eee Oe 230 GLADSTONE: i..cohach cee en menor 75 Glazenwood pooh eeL eee a Glazenwood Gloria Mundi...... 77 (ForsW VIMEO Goooosoccosseosse 70 Glory of VOrk jacq0eeeeeee ee 184 Gloucester, Pippin eee eee Bi Golden Alpple) Benen. eerie 83 GoLpEN) Prpprin’ (1)... aoe 78 (Gown Wasa (UY) scosococc oun 70 Golden Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) Se INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE, Golden Pippin (synonym of Golditis,) eon iio) setae sae se aie 83 (Coo IBIAS) Soode.does coMette 78 GorpeNe REINETINs eeeine foe 79 GOL CMe S PiGek tac a dete scoeleaerdoy se 49 GompEND SWEED oats aoe oor. 81 Golden weet (synonym of Northen sweet) seeasces secs 147 Golden Sweeting ...........-++. 81 GdePENe WHITES Vas nna set eal OS COUDING HE Sa byte Nant earner 82 Goldreinette von Blenheim...... 21 Good Peasant (synonym of onstield jt sacs scccee oe es 123 Good Peasant (synonym of JAS A SISSV TANS Gh RGR re Pot ens SE Soe 5 GOUeN SCWAKUS, (aes sce hoes wh is: 227 GLOCM EA PLEle <3 cae 5 Moelle 85 Grajemsteiner. 25 .sa segs ee eee 85 Granat-Remeties ..2.0 5066.05. 184 Grand Alexander .............. 3 Grand: Alevandreé veccec seks cs 3 Grand Duc Constantin......... 39 Grand Duke Constantine....... 390 GRANDMOTHER: ys 454. c19.(osfee ens s 83 Grand MM othereninet von Ps5 6 a 83 Grand Sultan (synonym of Vin- euSem Rouse) here aon aoe e & 233 Grand Sultan (synonym of Yel- low »Eransparent)).-24s..5-000" 248 GRANTHOMN psa 55 ee 108 GRAVENSTEIN |: 4 sa dae 424 ee ee 84 Gravenstemer® oo. .8 oss eee 85 Gravenstein Rouge .........0.00 180 GrAUC SING ws Fy ae st Uae 85 CRED CL SUE we § i eS TR adaoe see 85 GRETA AEE? 5 85 GEEASIN PIPPIN ox hia ske Le eke 128 GREAT @MOGUIA st". ttise ks vos ofan 87 GREEN SEEK-No-FurTHER....... 88 Green Sweet (synonym of Vic- tial smeandee Wy ritike))- esse oe 233 Green Transparent............+. 233 Gros=Alewandre 222.202 dese ee ce 3 ROSE gee oes ot Saeed 890 Grosh (synonym of Summer INGTIDO) Recs ros in eae ae 213 Grosh’s Mammoth ............. 89 Vor lu——23 277 PAGE, Groskoe Selenka Griiner........ 233 GROSEPONMCK ns ee QI COS MAOTMMAR eae Oncobadood ot etc QI Gros-Rambour d’Ete............ 213 Grosser Vio cil ae eee 87 Grossé=Scnafndse “29 veteae ct: 29 GRUNDY: saeco Sete 90 FLAK Syn Se Asteraceae Soa ote QI FIAGROER: a).2ac ate eee ee 92 Flasloe ‘Crab i seers eee 92 Hampers American ...........- 178 Harmony: eo oes eee 53 Harvest (synonym of Early Hatvest)o 63 Sake 240 Jennetting 20. 3. aah eee, Jennetting (synonym of White Juneating)’ ...42 5.2 eee 240 Jentings \; 2. xii eee 166 Jersey’ SWEET 22) eee oeeeeee 110 Fersey Sweeting sai ee 110 Joaneung.. ..< dechee eee 240 J66 Preece: eee ee eee 52 Jolly ‘Gentleman 7opAee- een 3 Jonathan of the North ......... 5 Jones Early Harvest ....:..2-: 181 Jones Pippin. =...e eee eee 60 Josephine (synonym of Gloria Mundi)’. }- S53 ¢eesee eee 77 Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) ........... 241 JUDSON..: . é... cs sono nee ene JUEY onc ob sn eee II2 July Apple“... cade eee ee eee 168 July Early Pippin eee 51 July, Fourth of See 112 July Pippin occ eee 51 June (synonym of Margaret) .. I41 June (synonym of Red June) .. 181 Juneatemg . . 5.686 240 Juneatng . . nee 109 Juneating (synonym of White Juneating) ear eee eee 240 Juneting: 0.5.2. <5 25g 240 FURIGE. . 3 cen ae ee CO 234 KAIGHN’. arc ae bee DDE 113 Kaighn’s Spitzemburg ......... 113 Kaighn’s Spiizenberg aan eee Kaighn’s Spitzenbergh ......... 113 Kaighn’s Spitzenburg (synonym of Kaighn) Kaighn’s Spitzenburg (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) .... 125 Kaighn’s Spitzenburgh ......... 113 Kaign’s Spitzenburg .........:. 113 Kaiser Alexander ... 22. descuene 3 KajabowR@ ois s2022 erent ICAL KIDON ©. 2 5. so 'ji- se ne sere 212 TEA NSBERGe) 22 {Sie je'ie mc. dete Rieto ae 119 Landsberger Reinette .......... 119 VARIETIES. 279 PAGE WORASDULEE Nd See ote aes Ts 119 Ban gernfeEldsk ce = is sicaas meee ike Lansberger Reimette ........... IIQ ILA? IOWEAD. nog cac co oanons one 216 LG REO WOOT A ete opie bictocapa a e.G x 5I ances Hanky) Out eee 216 Large: Early Harvestancce macs 0: 51 Large Early Yellow Bough ..... 216 USOT CHRO eee ete oe 241 orge all Pippin see 241 Large Golden Pippin (synonym Ore Chaniplain he. arses soe 30 Large Golden Pippin (synonym OH (Gollaten Jerri I) scocenooc 78 TORE SINC Ore ae eee 89 Large Red and Green Sweeting 177 Marge (Red “SWeetnge ee eee 77; Large Summer Rambo 89 Large Sweet Bough 2...2....-- 216 ar gemViGndervcne - see ee eee ene 231 Large White Juneating ........ 51 Large Vellow Bough .......... 216 JCP BONKD Veen prise eo 68 pate ae 10) IL(HO NMCWVOHOWE? onongcooeccousée aii WatenGoldem Sweet Se. eee anee 13 ATE STRAWBERRY: eo nstneis eae 120 IL GREE Reon PaS ata omice 121 TUAW a VAICTOIRE Ss ec tee te iano 69 ISN ae pee aes RIS Hoe o ee I2I WECOD mA PIES Waoeicn ee eo 121 Weed sm Beautyiaarcum rae ee er 196 Tnevland Raspberry, s.6 222+ =. 12 ENTE eet eS ee NAN or eT 227 TAN COUN Ree CRIN Oa ne 245 IGINCOEN: EIPPINes a eee eerie 122 Lincoln Pippin (synonym of Winthrop Greening) ........ 245 Lincolnshire Pippin ......:.... 06 LINDEN WATD yas sp sri eins aaa 122 LAD PInCOLie wee este oreo eee 215 Eweland Raspberry, 2.22 & a.2< 129 Lwesley's Imperial macs s ak. sae5- 126 Livland Raspberry ......:.20%. 129 Bodee'sy Bani aise cso ee 215 SONGRIELD S920 soko t SOR ccs erates. 122 I a CAGKS AVE soeds chenon6ee UE PON ge Rsland. One seat h ted 3% woe oe 60 Eongrisland: Grafts a) Jose ees: 60 280 INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE PAGE Long Island Pearmain ......... 124 | Magdalene .)..2222 eee 142 Long John (synonym of Kaighn) 113 | Magnum Bonum ............... 23 Long John (synonym of Long MAGOG 2. wiS 22. eee 138 Red" Pearinain)ease: coe. ee 125 | Magog: Red Siréak 2 eee 138 Long Pearmain (synonym of Mawen ~Brusmi’ {2522 139 Kaighn)). i .s.s...--+..-+---. 113 | MAmen Pavone) ooo. 141 Long Pearmain (synonym of Madden's Apple sioe eee eee I4I Long Red Pearmain) ........ 125 | Maiden’s Blush (synonym of Lone RED PEARMAIN .......... 125 Hawthornden)) 3 eee eee eo WONG) IGTEM: «20s ont ee 125 | Malnowske .< ieee eee 177 Lone Stem Sweet... 0.00222 13. | Mammoth (synonym of Gloria LoNGWorTH .... Bee as Mundi) . Bs Bo 3 ang, Longworth Red Ws inter ......- 125 | Mammoth Gace ao Goien ord Kingston weve se oeeen 06 Pippin) ::, «ecee eee eee 78 Lord Nelson (synonym of Blen- Mammoth Pippin 277 eee 77 TEN TEE eee Te Re 21 | Mammoth Rambo ............-- 80 (GORD! eSUEEIEUD: ye nee iE oe oe 126 | Maralandica ~ > See eee 51 Lothringer Rambour .......... So | MARGARET -9J>22 3 eee I4I Lothringer Rambour d’Ete ..... 213 | Margaret Early .....-1......--5 142 LOU . ooo ese eecaceeces secs. 126 | Margaret, Early eed eee 142 MGg see Ad, cee tis Roe ee eee 55 | Margaretha Apfel eee 142 EGUISE: Pe ee eee 60, 126 | Marget Apple” 7 ee eee 142 WOMISE: PYUNECESS | Seo 6 fo nate 127 | Marguerite... ...22..22+-20-- 142 TO WEDE tee ae ee eee 128, | Marigold ..: 24.3. S36 154 TEU PUP Io ES os kes 4 Be 129 | Mangold. Creedss ee ere 154 LOWLAND RASPBERRY ........... 129 | Marigold Pippin 22-2 eee eee 154 ISGESKSOUEENT 7) 4258 ee 1290: | Marrow-bone> 25 pee eee eee 22 WUD SR MIRCINGSIC 8. soe os ast cee 130 | Martin ...: 73.24 aS TMEMISASA DTC) ihc es ee 21)-| Marygold -~. 25 154 Lyman’s Large Yellow ......... 171 | Matthews Sirspe \, ere eee 131 Lyman’s Pumpkin Sweet ...... 171 | Maudin . >. eee 142 LYSCOM. .c). ocecscssvccecccss.» 130-| Meachen Sweet? eer 146 Melon (synonym of Gloria Mun- DEAR se Peo gt ete ee ie oe 131 di) os eee eee 77 MeAdow:S Une fis. os: op mere 112 | Michigan Beauty >.3,-52.025ee- 201 MEGARTYG ewes eee 132,.173°| Millcreck .. oe eee 231 McClellan a): eee. ae neo ee 135 ; Millcreek Vandervere ......... 231 MACDONOUGH GS) =e pee eee eee 132)|. Mater." %, See eee eee 142 McINTOSH « 2. nsec cese- s+ 60,132 |. Miller Seedling 2-22 eee 142 Meintosh (Rear: cs. sek oe 133° | .MinLicEen 2.932 142 Mackie’s Clyde eae! Seen D 360. | Mississippi}: 2 eee eee ai} McLeItan’. .0.°.200-..02.-,.-.- 134. | Mr. Gladstone eee 75 MecLelan oo. 2 ea eee ce ae sevs-s+ 135 | Montgomery Sweet ee eeeee ee 10 MeMiahon ae eens eee ee 136 | Monstreuse Pippin ...........- Sigh McMahan White .....2.....:.- 136 | Monstrous Pippin 2.) .3222ce- oe 77, McMAHOoN ; 4°) ......5...0:.5-.. 136 | Monstrous Rambo. ....--2eeeeee 890 McMahon White .............- 136 | Montreal .7)2 os. eo eee Racomver ‘pinks eee eee te 187 | Montreal Peach ........+++++-- 1590 INDEX TO WEOOSE? Sco Wo en Ae AS Morgan’s Faerie INIOSHER Sh cht eee nemo 143 NUGSWEPES WCCh meena ae scr 143 IMPOTEDER Py ee see e an ne arora 143 Mio tWerApPleo We xcccttas isa eens L4G Mother of America ........... 143 NWAOHONTIOTP pegs Guvcodp oomoad sets Mountain Flora MouUNTAIN SWEET ............. 145 Mouse... Mitdiolee een crane ae ook Le IMGHS ISOS Bee Lcecrenchehe coc onto OPCs 146 Manson Sweet .2.32..s0saess 140 Munson Sweeting ............. 145 MGS CV OU Crp reer eel eeie &9 Musgrove’s Cooper (synonym of Gosh) Retease lta ree 89 Musgrove’s Cooper (synonym of NViesternmebeatity) sees asses) 230 WETESTURO ONIN (a aiha tales setae le = ieine 24 IGT SHNTE ence cea Beech oie arckoracks 64 Moygatts Bergamot «0 ccc. sss 49 NMiyjer's Nonpareil ..2 006 s55 0-8: 148 Malet TADIOR GOS a a cvarotetechere, vols 239 Wavlor. Team, “rt fence 0.5.00: 89 IN EUS CET AM diester HO txt eee CAEN 65 Neige-Framboise de Gielen ..... 65 New Brunswick xoeesass. 2.00 o% I5I NBS Jap led Sine aie baryons oe ersterorere 53 Newtown Greening ..........+. 83 INC MWA, TECH OLTE? Scobie ob 86.008 0c 60 Nee Yeu Gloria Maindi saceemeeeee 77 INEM VER GHECNAINS elise eo eee 83 Niack Pippin (synonym of Sweet Bough) “ss... sees 217 INOW POET ee A cri Shiss cte Ngee ee 148 mownarciile. Bush Wiles ans ee eke ee Od North American Best. Sa Nees 168 INIGALOOTG!NVOLO Guy GateanoOosouabe 21 Northern Golden Sweet ....... 147 Northern Golden Sweeting ..... 147 INORTHERN: SWEET. Jac dctalecree 6 > 147 Northern Sweeting (synonym of Munson) . Soro OO . 146 Northern Cia (aphonmenl ee Northern Sweet) ............ 147 VARIETIES, 281 PAGE ING EI TASCA Ac cae dade ob BON oc 48 Northench Pappu ascension ate 21 The following numbers are those given by Schroeder in his shipment to the Iowa Experiment Station in 1879: NOMS NIy heaps ait tee 12 No. 4 M Pa nave ee ord ane ING SOPMIBARE srr stern ten tate Cucceeee 83 IN Os OMG he eee ee eee 24 NOs ei OVE ere eee eee 189 NiO vIgo Ma Seay corn eee 5 NOs 18.1 eee ee Cer reer 5 NOs BT IC pcre oA eee II5 NOS2225M Ae eee Bene 22 NOs 222M> GAR SOs ee 7 INOS 2A ae 195 NO> 26. SMG Aes ort OO Cee 6 No: 54o Mi Nee eee 87 ING<56, VS etn ree yao 123 Not 57(M. c sean eae ae eee 722 Nie SO AVES 3S coh Vea ese 195 INOS 04. MO es aya eee II4 NOs 5205. IVE we Sofa sen ee tole 32 INGAOE2 4, MINS rein csty e o one ere 224 IN oeenes ce (oN) ienret ARIS G GOGerad acco t 183 ING 204 ONE &cractenre ee er 45 INO eEAT: ML «eos tre teenie 222 INO 22052 VIG ke Maen eee BG ING SUTOR VIG cave cory toe otro ore 18 The following numbers are those given to varieties included in the De- partment of Agriculture importation of 1870: NOM TOM oe cone ee ae ae 123 INIOS R205 ak Brains s Sener oe eee 115 INOW 2OO Fares ative a he oe ORT 45 INO ITO merce eine eee 244 IN ohare) LS ee eR RE HERES eics.= 6 NOP 290" fa wn Ate ee ee oe 22 VERE Oa ee SLARAG oo Pires Sere 6 INOS 25 PO er ee 24 NiO PASO Vere sa Wepdte to ay ees 7 INOS 2O DIE er ter Betas ARS Cet ee 32 UNOPS clot date co tid perk TCO STOEC 177 282 PAGE NOS 340) Nace ee OE 129 Ni Ow. BAD > Ase ad op AR ee 182 JNO Roe IGS (Ne, a8 Ara ek See Cae eer yee 170 IGE: Bie eo OR ee ee 195 INO) RAV 1ET EAD, ak et RE EA 247 i NIOMEL AL pe ta hor Pcs ST yo toe 130 IM Oe AG SE SA NOET eo OR ETO ESS OF el INOS SET SACOM OROOr Comoe toon 39 ING See] OO Vi orccsecceachace ci aioe ons one ee 83 IN OM Te een oa Oe Dire 155 INO) Yk eae gee Od RA Ae 18 IS OF MEYOP PaO Ie Cb Uae oO On OF 114 ISOM ee hOeR OOOO OCS PO 57 INIOBS5OON EE. te oles 2 Sintta Sey tees 189 INIOS™OOA ee ses 6 COD A ee eee 10 INOS OYTO ch oles ODI: OB OO OS AEG 82 INOEMO7ZO) Pew tatdate sere oe eee Ome 82 INIOMOSIE eae creas a eis Geet iene 82 INiover24O rel eer oor ne noet eneee 7 INO; Zit WCFOWGI). oo50 oce0cncae8 247 NOES DER Ob wakes oh se Cie were Seer 70 INIOSR SAC VAOVS 7. waueteles Creech seats 83 INISRACIe s Piskie ete acts te. sos 6 piaye eo het ae 30 INSOGKe BP AP PUD Ne wie nis eiet rts ois place tai 30 OSS eaten pot ood ono ob Gaus as SI OGDENSBURG Sy gure cet eens 147 Ohio Beauty (synonym of West- enn “Beatty's seincae secre ee ree 239 Ohio Beauty (synonym of Grosh) 89 ORTOMNONPAREIL Asean 148 Ohio Nonpareil (synonym of (Gravensteim)! semis seit ene tee 85 OlvoeNonpartelaa nee eee 148 @HI0: *PIPPIN-R eee ee eee ee: 149 Ohio Wine (synonym of Fall Wiane)a 2.2 sence tucvoiessletvotteks 64 Ohio Wine (synonym _ of Keaigthiin)i ip ctaeteatesetct ies Oo 113 OKABENA GA Soc at eho 150 Okobvendacs. terces oe nee ees oes 150 OLDENBURG HCA EMRE eae ere 150 Oldenburg, Duchess of.......... I51 Oldenburg preronse core orn aae e I51 Old Hawthorndean ............ 96 OMeHSRy A te see caooe 189 OPOTLO Rote rece Oe 7 ORANGE egarcie sjctoavoctacte revere settee 153 INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE, Orange (synonym of Fall Orange)), A3¢26 se eee ee 60 Orange (synonym of Lowell).. 128 Orange (synonym of Orange Pippin) .0.033¢ case epee er rnnee 154 Orange Blenheun ea. se eee 21 Orange de CO%p ae eee eee 42 ORANGE (OF NEW JERSEY)....... 153 ORANGE (OF PENNSYLVANIA).... 153 ORANGE: PIPPIN... cn sea eee: 154 Orange Pippin (synonym of Blenheim). - : Sacer 21 Orange Russel, coer ere eee ener 154 ORANGE: SWEET: ¢ cose Eee 154 Orange weet (synonym of Golden -‘Sweeb)iik2 se eeseeeee 81 Orange weet (synonym of Munson), ..Saas ae eee 155 Ostrekofi’s ‘Glass... 22-7 epeenree 155 Ostrekovskaya Steklianka....... 155 Ostrekowskaja Steklianka ...... 155 Ostrokoif 2 2245s0..05 Cee COnoe 155 Ostrokoff’s Glass 22 5ee eee 155 Ox Abple..c. 26 econ eee 77 ODE YE ©... :0,s)010.550 ee 230 Oxheart 2 65sccee hore 33 Owen’s Golden Beauty.......... 240 Ozark Pippin eee eee 45 PALOUSE «.. ..<'. ds. ee 156 POPER yas) 5i ore eee eee 30 Paper=sRim. 62.0 .023:8 $e oe ee 30 Paradies Apfely. i644 cee eee 85 POT Keyes sais witinsa ttotoin, sie ceo 125 INDEX TO PAGE, PARR Va VV RIMES «oka cracceaeveseselerston 157 DATE crataeeruawn erties ae stoke 158 Patten’s Duchess No. 3......... 158 Patten Greeming ........-.-.0-- 158 REACH @ Montreal) arene ec 159 Peach Apple of Montreal....... 159 Peach of Montreal...........+>- 159 REACH RON Deitel ieteeeicie ene reiere 1600 Real, Ione! SIAC S 6606.006 80008 160 Peach Pound Sweet............ 160 Pear ALP ple Mra Gasol sajarelvatst ons 174 IRCOT LO TRE saeco eae ae 244 IRAAUGU IS GSO bic BEM ORNS DIS CHOICE 125 IB RARSIADIA aye tiecietevorte Sieidart ec onalelene 161 IAQ SOULS WSCIGOE pe o6 60.65 G00 0.60 161 Iguip AMHGO JE Oiise Sod cep oe o O8G 244 RAG Risers lonetcbecce cy ator chen Gl aietovers hiss 161 ease Wialtereenon meee ae 161 REASGOOD INONSUCGH saleeiectelo cl. 162 Peasgood's Nonesuch ..........- 162 Pennsylvania Vandevere........ 231 IOP WO ISGiite bo boecdnpolboDs occ 15 IPP IRUMSHOR. oocce6oud00000d oc 184 Peppimg Englishcher .........-. 57 Perle: d:AWGAETerre wae iea sn yo tes 21 IPERRYs RBDSTREAKS syo5e cise) cieeele 162 IAG AM Ix@o!l SUC Ps oo dadocnoaa ose NOY IDETERYS crssesccer to ett Sooke eon an oreions 163 Petersows Charlamoff ......... 32 RetroushOCw nce cos ae etan oe oe 195 PeirOWSROG Motta eee eee 195 Philadelphia Pippin (synonym of Ieaihl I2ioyonin))- 5oKc0nc0caoansoaecs 62 Philadelphia Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette)...... 241 Philadelphia Sweet ...........-. 10 IUGR ES ae eh Ok ROCCO CS BOOGIE C 3 IENNO TOS? Op PCR ee LG Bo OBC 3 iRackaway) anh o) nesses 890 Pie Apple (synonym of Holland IP PIT) Ch spaces Sas es wacper seater IOI Pie Apple (synonym of Sops of Wine) merece scan ease ate. 203 2D DUNC NE Noh Faals ois oo Ie 15 Patistow@m PAppin, eeceien ssc. =~ 79 Plodowitka Cuadkaja .......... 170 Plodowitka Caudkaja ........... 170 IPGUNUB eI CIDER Ss diy c+ 2 s.h se eshotker 164 VARIETIES. 283 PAGE, TEI hak Oi i terre AOS CORTES OO. C 164 Ionipeel JAGAN sos oBanochuopsoct 32 POLE COEW cise fore foe ites So eee 212 Pomme Astrachan.............- 239 Pomme d Astrachan ............ 239 Pomme de Blenhewm............ 21 Pomme de Fameuse..,......... 65 Pomme de Hawthornden........ 96 ITE WE INGUSG a. pon oaccstoces. OF Pomme de Notre-Dame......... 213 Pomme d’Ete (of Canada)...... 51 Pomme (WOTTON ge ii.so ese eee 154 Pomme Fameuse ............... 65 Pomme Graefensteim............ 85 Pomme Peche 159 IPO. IRON loc Goongudcsecceoos 49 IAQ. IROMMPoceodies 6 oon 500006 49 POMMECIEIROY Cos. Hee ee ee 49 (Romnve WAGtera eee eae 49 Pommewater (in Illinois)...... 49 ROMONA® anton cise ea ateee 164 Pomona Brittannica............. 3 PGUUD EN WSIS sen OE ee 233 PORTERS, feos ooo veshiereeteee 166 IZOSSOLUS NIQUE ee eee eee 6 IZOWG PS JEAE oe cach odancoue Daoe 116 Potter’s Large Grey Scedling... 116 Potters Large Seedling........ 116 (OUNE: Seats cis Sed Sal eR Se WE ZOUN DEAD Pp iiteemerse meee 62 Pound Royal (synonym of Fall Rippin) maswyoan isa. os eeetace 62 Pound Royal (synonym of Golden sPippine Je)ie - oe + =aereee 78 Pound Royal (synonym of Lowell) igan2 som ence eee 128 Pound Royal (synonym of Long lislandieiecaniiain) ms. scrreece 125 Poundis: Salyer spicier eee 217 POUND SWEETS Gets oe eee 167 Pound Sweet (synonym of Rimpkinie Sweeb)ieceeeneeeeees 171 POUCH A eM ners A OE ey Ee 168 President Napoleon............. 3 Rridenoy 1Genes cesses 73 PREM ATE haecascieee are orien 167 Primatin gy. sac oe cer bas oe orreeel: 240 Prince BISIMOLR eae 19 284 INDEX TO PAGE IPFINCE DfEUVIGNES none ee oe 28 21 Prince's arly, Harvest... <2 3 5s 51 IPFUNEES) WEL ONUESE orev cesses nee 51 Prince’s Large Pippin of N. Y.. 62 Prince’s Large Red and Green SCAT AGHIT, ee LO ESE TR Cte ner te are 177 Prince's Red and Green Sweet.. 177 Prince’s Yellow Harvest........ 5I EVO CESS MIEOWISE Meee eee eee ee ae 127 IPHANZESSIN Apel ees: oe oe he 85 ZROMTGESIUCEE «ae oes eee eek 170 IBROLIFIGH SWEETING weceies ao ee 169 OMS SLOT ae wee 8 er too 38 IRUMPKINGRUSSET veer enuereca 170 WANPKUN, 2 OWEE Geshe leriaece cat 171 Pumpkin Sweet (synonym of Cheeschora yeas: 65 tees aes 33 Pumpkin Sweet (synonym of Rump kittie RUSSeD)\o----e ese 170 Pumpkin Sweeting (synonym of Pumpkin Sweet) 2.0 sac ceo 172 Pumpkin Sweeting (synonym of Bampkangeisset) ie eee ees eee 170 IP IS, AISUAU CITC s giao cca ones 239 Queen (synonym of Summer Ocenia conte eee EE el ee 212 Queen (synonym of Williams). 242 Queen Anne (synonym of Low- ell iiee scenes cert sc ieee ee 128 Queen Anne (synonym of IMothenm)ige eer rrccr teenie 143 OuINcE AGL Cole) se aiioneees ee 174 OuInNcES (Of 1Goxe) eens ose 174 Owince SAD ple) ect ick Cak dee 174 Og MBAP ples Lo eee are eee 146 TAMU OULS Bos eee act iene 213 IGN 2 PAVE ADS opeos ObGa 6400 0c 213 MR ANUD OUT DIGBC: nic eateries ee iiss 213 Rambour d’ Amerique........... 213 US ONUD OULD Lene se eee a cies 213 IROMDOULS EF ANG.. uc oes Seen. 213 IROTU DOI RA GLOS vinend Ab naDS OboGe 213 Rambour. Lorraime.............- 890 Rambow RAVG. os 200s nee. 213 CVU D Ue mericrs ee ieic Oe er Ae 213 Ramsdale’s. Sweeting...........- 175 VARIETIES. PAGE Ramsdell- x. c3s¢es se ss eee eee 175 Ramsdell Red Sweet........... 175 Ramsdellis “ed eee Een eeee 175 Ramsdell’s Red Pumpkin Sweet. 175 Ramsdell’s Red Sweeting........ 275 RAMSDELE) -SWEELS-: epee eee 175 Ramsdell’s Sweeting............ 175 Randall’s Red Winter.......... 175 IRASPBERRY: 3.04 eee een 176 Ray Apple: ::c.. sone CROCE 146 RED AND GREEN SWEET......... 177 Red and Green Sweeting....... fy) Red Astracan 2: ee eeeer ereee 178 RED ASTRACHAN.. soe eee 178 Red Astrakhan- ecco 178 Red “Bettigheueres eee eee 7, Red Bellflower (synonym of Ohio Nonpareil)... 3.3 148 Red Bellfower (synonym of Long Red -Pearmain)e-e-eeeee 125 Red Bietighewmer.....2.4622220¢ 19 Red. Bough: 2362 pee eee 177 Red Cheek (synonym of Rasp- berry): .... 2.05: Ue eee 177 Red Cheek (synonym of Maiden Blush) |.«.. 2.20 kee ee eee 139 Red Cheek (synonym of Fall Orange); ... s226 Gece eeE eee 60 Red Gillifower (synonym of Scollop Gilliflower)........... 197 Red Gilliower (synonym of Striped Gilliflower)= soseeeee 207 Rep -GRAVENSTEIN. (ease ee eee 180 Red Gravenstein (synonym of Banks) )<:.si063 See eee 14 Red Hawthornden.............. 06 Rep. OOK. J) 522 a ee 180 Red Joaneting...... sfreeee eee 142 RED. JUNE: ..)\..052,..402 eee eee 181 Red Juneating (synonym of Maregatet)' 22. cehe nee 142 Red Juneating (synonym of Red June) (se..64.0 52 eee 181 Red Juneating (synonym of Early , Strawberry): ....2-2ee eee 55 Red. June, Carolina:.-. 22-020 181 ied Vunetor Southie..-e ene eee 142 Red glgneung 2. s+. 2G.ce Oe INDEX TO VARIETIES, Red Pearmain MAIC HI IIs aeeveyae crate Seen hae 3 Red Pearmain (synonym of Fong Red Pearmain)).......:2. Red Phoenix (synonym of Kaighn) Red Phoenix (synonym of Long Red) (Pegemain) 2... cae. Red Pippin (synonym of Kaighn) Red Pippin (synonym of Long RVG dew: CALtirAain) 4. chery oreeteter <<< Red Pumpkin Sweet............ Red Pumpkin Sweeting......... ICAU CUMET TCL aed scat. Sieucrs seg hi ahe TCO SHEOPSAUING «wie estan eee 2.4 Red Spitzenberg (synonym of Kaighn ) Red Spitzenberg (synonym of Kong Red’ Pearmain)....-... Red Spitzenberg (synonym of Richard eGragt)ic . ss.ce «see o- TCG SPHZENOUT Bisse orcck, vis tarearen vs REDE RAN SPAREN T+1..0....9ccs.clae es Red Transparent (synonym of WAROYSEISYS Ul kWoytit=(2) aon ee RED TYPE OF TWENTY OUNCE... TRC EM WAGNOLETUCHE tr ho eh oe: FRED AVOUNGES tucson cian Pees hs Red Winter Pearmain (synonym Ofte Rat oli. 5 Aas eo teen oe Red Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long Read Pearmain)..... REED TCUN GA CLUS EORTC =) 5..5% HakiaS oer oas Kemetic A Gobelet. . 2.2.5 one Reinette Belle de Boskoop...... Iemetie: Blanche x... a5. .5.6 2 Reinette Blanche d’Espagne (synonym of White Spanish FREINEEEE) lay Se 008 toons od Rearnee Reinette Blanche d’Espagne (synonym of Fall Pippin).... Reinette de Blenheim........... Reinetie d’Espagne............. Kemetic d-Dolland: ......% «see's Reinette Reinette (synonym of alslleeletiele).¢) 650; eve) (e)' sc ols ee sare eie\Kelleve|\a) ©) elie. 0) s\e,\elele 6s (a) ise 113 285 PAGE Reimette de Traver............. 184 Reinette Grenade Anglaise...... 184 Reinette Landsberger........... 119 Remette inb skein ee eo» 130 Reinette Monstrueuse........... 25 Remette Orange de Cox........ 42 Reinette Quarrendon............ 142 Memetiey Nawareen ns 241 Reinette von Montfort.......... 25 Renet Enipskit-o. --051 ae eee 130 UEP ROA 202 Small Admirable .......--4-04: I Small’s Admirable ...........-. I Smithtield Spice... cw seer 49 Smokehouse (synonym of Van- - 231 devere Pippin) INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE SEVERIN 5 LP's aera cnet eshte 33 SEOCO? chs! Sms sieve Dials eho tatearens ie are 65 SolotoGr I eENebe ia. Seas hohe een 79 SONSERSE Tun GINGs Via hertentvnctceivoioate 203 SOR. IAG we condbadeeauonnoe 203 SORSHORMVWINE SS cin ce achiebse ne 203 Sourbough (synonym of Cham- PibeUtN Acar Prctetiane okie ai ae arse 30 SOURMBOUGH 5 u-co eminence: 204 Sour Bough (synonym of Cham- Plains) MMP PA wieeiw hss noc es 30 Sour Bough (synonym of Tart BOUT) My Gls cig teins cscrovers cusiele 220 POMEL OLUESE mets viciaisic cis oe crcie a ss 168 ISPCGRIEUI SS Mo kun sintne oats see, 00 SPECTATOR: sate Gavhesie cee ceweeees 204 SI PICCOMOLEYE. Sevraicie salle, vel screens, 2BU SHA ETOSS LA SOOO GOO DO REC Ee 231 SUC SOTO id, Gen OOS OO ae 230 SHCUBATG SS leo ROD eee 230 S TARR Vann rtrd ene Sacster sedi icine eis 205 SDARRS Ane A hhivcr ee can nace hoses 206 Steklianka pesotchnaya ......... 195 Stewart's Nonpareil ............ 112 SA UNTOOTE eo sel ek lta his as pip enaicea ore 207 SHIMON TNIN? one peoedsoudee 207 Sillnan’s: Early. theese tases 207 Stoke ree DART ap odes mien 3 Straat . Ao . 208 Gaaher ry ‘Caruoriynn vot Gaps! a WS TIVES he ites 6 oobacto no enor 203 Strawberry (synonym of Che- THEN OYEXO))) iy Mey Remon Bo deena Gee rere 33 Strawberry (synonym of Late Strawberry) . 52 120 Strawberry Cuca oF Richard (Gries Sena ace eerer ie meas, oho" SEREZUDEETUN SA # ivlelc'a'e nde ded ane 207 Striped Ashmore ............0- 231 Simped Bellflower ..5......+.5+. 207 STRIPED SMAMEUSE, :.).)-1. 62. eee ee = 68 STRIPEDE GIMETEROWER. ... Jee coe: 207 WiEZtpe dm HlarveStias... sc sece- sence 03 SirIped WMNeAtNge +... sade ea: 142 Striped Pearmain .............. 125 Striped Quarrendon ........... 142 SIRIPED RED MIUNE see. eer 182 Striped Shropshire. os 0.0 22s = 55 PAGE. Striped Vandervere .........++. 231 STROAT 5262 aye embers ieee 208 SHO DE toy 27 5, ste Bk Ae ae eee 208 STRODE BIRMINGHAM ........... 208 SHOdES 2, santo en eee ZOO Strode’s Birehan BR rates ei 208 SIVOWMEr Ss ha Ranta ace eee 85 Stromling ys occas aerecoceeor 85 STUMP) ees bees Seat aces 209 Sty Mer Sa. +S hakicacee wen sass 210 STV MUS) pre see erro sik cio cLO SUFFOLK Betaue Fee ec tee Neen ee 210 Suisleppenieneee a eecee er eee ere 219 Summer Betleheun . ..3 2.082. 25 2EU SUMMER BELLFLOWER ........... 210 Summer Bellflower (synonym of /Nogebaonn I8XeI6FAN)) 6 54 oocbsecco LO Summer LiGglog = apnea 92 SUMMER PEARMAIN ..........-- 211 Summer Pippin (synonym of Champlain) Seen eee sO Summer Pippin (synonym of Fall) Pippin) ts. 4) sche eae 62 Summer Pippin (synonym of Holland- Pippin). 3 2. .ecs25 TSE SUMMERIOUEEND es -naeeeeeienes 212 SUMMER RAMBO) 02.00.0080 one 213 Summer Rambo (synonym of.... Groshi\i Ae Mie ene 89 Summer Rambour ... ......... 213 SUMMER REDSTREAK ........... 214 SUMMERUROSE (505. ciset eee 215 Simamera Russe. scene ee 218 SUMMER SPITZENBURG .......... 215 Summer Spitsenburgh .......... 215 SUMMER |S WEED 4. c acre eee 216 Summer Sweet (synonym of HightopeSweet)! 22042. eee 08 Summer Sweeting (synonym of Summer Sweet): soc ace 216 Summer Sweeting (synonym of Hightop Sweet)? .0t.0 200s. 98 Summer Traveller .............- 142 Superior White .5 cases. cence 157, SSy, Clavie a5 dasscsec ts. see 181 SPAWSOURG 25, S wate: 5, Use OTE Swedish Borsdorf = Patten Se PS SWEET] BOUGERy.) satis J naate seit 216 288 INDEX TO PAGE SWEET PArIA QEPPINey sees 218 Sweet Golden Pippin ........... 12 SOE IEIZWOSE- gos hue oa DOne: 217 SOU LUG: 4 & Oe GOT OOO OO OS 98 Sweet Lyman’s Pumpkin ....... 172 SHUEELMRUDPIMe se + eee ert LOO Sweet Rambo... 89 SWEET URIUSSED y)-5 career oe 218 Sweet Russet (synonym of IPxbioMO hol IBIS) sos caanaocd - 170 Sweet Russet (synonym of Gheeseboro) isan eee eo ooo a3 SWueer-S IGIGHOCSE sosccccd0dcc0006 212 Sweet IS Wadi ac bier ene 12 SUyQe? WARO s&s Boocunscccscen Of SUE LEMS LOGUESt eucrternerte heal iele 212 SUINeS 2 hates a) ao eee een LAL SOUMOUGI HO} 55g bovacososesoso0 LAI SWITZER . o 218 SWaVESTER 25s. ss ono eee 220 TNGHUL OI arch ah oti nisliocstorccne be seve eae 239 Miallowima dB Bont aie cucicateveeus eles 128 URCMGEG ZUNE gaoodconooDdoo0s+ 128 Malone. IOGNNHD sonodceobsoos sass 128 LhanS WORN Ald Sioec epee ate 45 Tart BoucH 220 Tart Bough (dope oe erie Harvest) . 51 Tart Bough (suena a Cue Dial) eee eee earn ame rae 30 Ticnnouth naan ea ieee 223 Tennessee Early oe era ea 55 Petend Ame ere er acian eek 29 dete“ de CWat eros Mae rette oe 29 ROBROUFIEY 6 5 5 cooos 220 Tetofski (ajuonn of ial hE 112 Tetofski (synonym of Reioisiay).: 220 TETORSKY = - 220 Tetofsky (acuta ‘of Jol). 112 ARELAT BRU SF hei flee ence eee 222 THOMPSON... . 5555 22D Thompson Secduine ee BA ieee 222 InhompsoneNOs2Ane. eee bie ee 222 Thompson's Seedling No, 29.... III Thompson's si INO, Bevo Co DIAINTOUDE ae ee VARIETIES, PAGE Tinmouth Sweet .. ......-..+-- 223 TAtOUCOY)..., ncaa eee 224 "TITOVKAY, ».) 0.0 sae eee 224 THtOWRG 5... ..500 eee Oe Eee 224 Titus Apple . . 224 Titus Rigait.. ce sce eee 224 IROL D IEIOAANTUOLD, 6 5 3000250000206 85 Tompkins . . 49 Tom Put ioe. on oe eee 225 Tom PUtt*.)..ccc5 eee eee 225 Transparente de Astracan...... 239 Transparente @ Ete ...245.e08- 239 Transparent de Muscovie ...... 239 Transparente de Muscovie d’Ete. 239 Transparente de Saint-Leger (synonym of Vineuse Rouge). 233 Transparente de Saint-Leger (synonym of Yellow Trans- parent). ..+:) G.ceeeeteer ener 248 Transparente de Zurich ........ 239 Transparente Jaune (synonym of Vanetse Roce) eae eee 236 Transparente Jaune (synonym of Yellow, @ranspanent yee 248 Transparente Rouge ........... 233 Tiransparente Verte: =na-e0 sane 233 Transparent Muscovie ......... 239 Travers . 43 SAR ea Travers Apple MI 6 Sds coy ie Travers, Péppin. a oe Travers Pippin... 184 DPravers Reweitee ee eeeee eee 184 Trenton Early ...igee eee 81 Tsarskii Schipoeee eee eee oee 45 TUFTS. of sini.s ona eee eee 226 RhufissPaldwite ele 226 Tufts Seedling ... 226 Turn Off Laneso0sc een 174 Twenty ‘OUNCE poeeeeeeeoooee 227 Twenty Ounce Pippin @-e c--eeeey TYRE BEAUTY, Gian ceeeeeeeeeeee 220 ONE SCTRS IBO8G o00006005%500- 64 Underdunk . 5% Shc WHMIS Ag BB. . 229 Utter’s Large ewe oie) ore RE 230 Wide IAG 5 5 5 oo00- . 230 INDEX TO PAGE. Vandervere (synonym of Van- GEVELE) rae erae ison aoc er 230 Vandervere (synonym of Van- devereyPippim))) 4S scae.< cs a2 291 Vandervere Pippin ............. 231 VAG: aa BAO BEC ao oeT 230 MWEIANDEVERE nose arciiee crotneaonc nat 230 WAN DEVERE EIPPIN| eee cic = se: 231 WandeverenViellow y.5o0 dese 6.2 231 Van Duymes Pippi... .--+..s 2 VAG ID ROALD WE. Baadesccmocunon. Ii EGU IONS IZRYN), GagoocsccHboe 62 ansileckisSweetsce a. >a. ca 2 100 Vargul . Bo oteosiant acre ee) Ver illaw WE te nf CCC Near 178 FACVINON Ey oe nae eens 30 ACHINONE MI pIne meee eae 223 Vermont Pumpkin Sweet ....... 172 WCLUDLE. SUSCORs Sip. oobbadaceubo IU WaT GRORTAGE Batch A ee ras aeonciei asses 231 EAGIOMIOMS WUCET pisses selene 231 VCtOnia SWeetuing = se smo es 237 Wiens Aun) IDRISAR ooogecoouc 233 PatitesernE OOM IN Se Se ac oe tts 87 WINEUSE! ROUGE cic dc ces notroree sc 233 Vinnoe Krasnoe Osennee ...... 182 ORO! AS 5 soe utos onder ave coe ee ieee: MUA ee, Siaedaooabnanoe jue VAG ZINIGSWUCCE 5 Seniehicte soe ces 177 BOL OWESHPNIOl Ne Tien 4 sr petd Were eles 247 Wabash Bellflower ........... 125 Wialiorsizcas Gra a. ene en LOL Waalwortiewt, fete aac 30 Manan IG ZAG” cocosoaoouc 203 ES rena ee 21 Warren Pennock .......... 53 Washington (synonym of one Oba VTE) Wee ey tRN tc ctehevcveserarses 203 Washington (synonym of Wash- ington) Strawberry). 2:-....--- 234 Washington (synonym of Sweet Bough) . CA Washington Ch Seeding® we ran 234 Washington of Maine .......... 234 WASHINGTON STRAWBERRY ..... 234 WUT Regictae Soitte te ciaveue oases torrciets 236 LOATE TOG oon ARIS OED OS 178 VARIETIES. 289 PAGE. Watkins: Early foaled te fh wee 211 Watson's Vandervere .......... 231 Watson's Vandevere ........... 235 WAP UED Vane Ae ciate ns nee eae W einapfel Rotor Rt NR SIOC IG 182 Wemappel Rother ............. 182 Weiser Hawthornden .........- 96 VAZE LISS IIS er tore eet sete a aioe 148 PV OGHUAVO? 6 og web ooodrdobloas ce 60 WESTERN) BEAM Sees oc aria se > 239 Western Beauty (synonym of Grosh) epee one hiee i oueye 89 Western Beauty (synonym of Ohio Nonpareil) sees eee 148 Wheelers: Kernel .....2204.22 096 White Apple (synonym of Haw- thornden) . S06 White Apple éanoiae ig ‘Pasty White)? hit baited dea see ee 157 VihateAStraGans. 6. eee WaHire, ASTRACHAN see aeeeee: 60 White Seek-No-Further ........ 88 Wuite SPANISH REINETTE...... 241 WAR OM HEE Se ancdeaccedocodgcca LC WAEETAMS: 4 cy aceite oe eee ee ee Wailhams Early. s 2 ssc: ccs or, 4, 2A2 Williams Early Red ........... 242 Walliams Favorite. 22 .2-..825- 2A2 Williams Favorite Red ......... 242 Wizslliamsike deans tee ee 242 WialliseSweetour eee es eA VWitlliseSwectincms see sce 244 Walsows inca tase ee 181 Windower .... ee 23 Wine (synonym of Ege rene 56 Wine (synonym of Fall Wine).. 64 Wine (synonym of Richard Graieinng pecs! qe ate es EO Wine (synonym of Twenty Ounce) axes see ae eee eee: 2 WiFvane Gtx Coles ee eas Sacto Brier Sweet (synonym of Van Wiycla) eee bem sheets sere 268 290 INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE PAGE. WINE RURED Seniors: oetemine: 244 | Yellow June (synonym of Kirk- Winter Chandler .......:....-- 31 bridge) ;, .\.2<34 >on one 118 Winter Golden Sweet .......... 13 | Yellow Juneating 2 3..4-- eee SI Winter Pearmain (synonym of Vellow May = S22 eee 240 Long Island Pearmain)....... 124 | Yellow Summer Pearmain ...... 166 Winter Pearmain (synonym of Vellow Sweeting ....2s2esee ee 81 lone Red Pearihain)...--61 125 | YEtow TRANSPARENT 4: o-ceceee 247 Winter Seek-No-Further ......- 88 | Yellow Transparent (synonym WINTHROP GREENING .......... 245 of Thaler). . 2 {Serene 222 AVWOLERIVER I: acer e cee 245 | Vellow Vanderveré 222-5. -eeee 231 Wolf River (synonym of Alex- YOPP 4.0.4 s'35205 sa oe 249 der) 2h isang es one ne tances 3 | Yopp’s Favorite 4.252 -e eee 249 Wolman’s Harvest ...........--- 215° | YORK... 22.2500 eee 249 Woodstock (synonym of Blen- York and Lancaster ......:.-:+% 193 ein) haiccc cea eee ee 21 | York Pippin (synonym of Fall Woodstock (synonym of Dyer). 49 Pippin) +: 2% 206s aeeeeeee 62 Woodstock Pippin <.. . Sactejsisic se 21 | York Pippin (synonym of Golden Woolman’s Early . . sc..00---00% 215 Pippin I). 78 Woolman’s Har ape bee 2 nackl2ise| York Pippin (emonem of White Woolman’s Striped Peon Boo As Spanish Reinette)) yess eee ean GVYOWDTHOD 05 5 obo0000005G0608 127 | York Russet (synonym of WIGRIKARORS <. sss. ners ae eee ec dO Cheeseboro)) {iter eee eorensS VUUNGCVEPTEl: . mtns Sears pe one 3.| York Russet (synonym of Pumpkin’ Russe) teers 170 Vork Russeting = o-es-eeeeee eee 33 Veankeer Apple tins nee 172 AVG EY IRCA dad no bbbon d560 00K 217. | Zarskischip™. .| 2 sees eee VELLOwWe CALVING Renee seer 247 | Zarskt Schip -. haere eee 45 ME io a PAGE: siaaysea cee eee aoe 118. | Zarskt Zoars, .<-:2-35- eee eee eee 45 WANOLPIEIG BOS? 6 500650000000556 sr | Zolotot Reneét . 32essnseeeeener 79 Yellow June (synonym of White Zour Bough. vo. ae 168 Junea tine) ete sie aa cseretes so sept he 240 -\). Zugow of Tittle [aceon 5 CRABAPPLES. Amver ICTED: x ans cleciew nies sistas 260).'|| (CORAL |... ci6: a0 oe eee 252 CURRANT ©). 6: coc SOL OEE Eee 253 Baccata. fructa, oblonga... 2.22 261 Current Crab >. eee 253 BATE Ys (GRIUMSON actos eee eran 251 Pi Gr i Gan 253 BRIER iets eine ooo eine etarlectontene 251 Freee fh Re alne mean ot ie EXCELSIOR... 30.006 = eee eee 254 Brier Sweet (synonym of Brier) 251 BUORENCE © 1... 0220s cose eee 255 INDEX TO VARIETIES. 291 PAGI PAGE PIBSTO DO Mista ated e cesta Aaah aete eis 257) \\ OWNER®». 0% (cra teters eeaeterr area eats se 263 FBS HOPI s tore e exch sroitraus ler ee 207 QUEENG: CHOICE Sienna 264 Oucens \Glorcene erate 264 JEARGE, RED) SIBERTAIN. -chieee sie 258 LarGE YELLOW SIBERIAN....... 258) |) INED COUBEREAIN 2 )'seanias otrelearae 264 RENO ots Ste ete ae 250 SERLEMBERMEA TG aeRO Rinne: 264 IVR OREM GO AINOR Tc csanate a cio stelevel ee 250 Siberian Crab (synonym of Red Marengo Winter Crab ........- 259 Siberian isc wena since tee 264 INEATRISEUAWIN cnt chet tener oherare tte caker eine 2590 Siberian Crab (synonym of Yel- INIIENENTERS OMA Movi ereccccda Mite etara ewes 260 low Siberian) .............. 269 AOA Sarrerna coos COMO Ee ae 261 SOULARD see esse eee erence eee 205 MontrEAL BEAUTY ....-.....4, 201 | TRANSCENDENT ......000eeeeee0- 266 Gri en ee eee Le INOMSEZWUTIG son oo0scodeccncoe 267 Oblong-Fruited Siberian Crab.. 261 WEANIAW SV. Gike ee ee oe ep eee 267 Oblong Siberian Crab ......... 261 Van Wyck (synonym of Brier). 251 @HANGER gtr: cre airs eae ok 261 Van Wyck Siberian ........... 268 Van Wyck Sweet ............. 268 EZ NUT UNUPERTAT anatomic ce 262 IR TGMAWE STRIAMUAG Ais yee erevers ail asi its ZOS#si lw EEUITONIE VAL Ss et veer aictam uae ece 268 PROTA S re: Ya Pcl ave aeiaateers 8 203 || Wihtinesy NO. 20.2 6s 2ssc.0c. os « 268 IPUGats SUMING A DoS atte AO OOCR OC REE 263 Pomme Groseille .......20+..0- 253 WELL OWASSIBERTANG Hee eivasion coe 269 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. Volumes J and 2, (Accepted names appear wholly or in part in roman type; synonyms in italic.) VOL, I PAGE. AD ee TEAM COT a sixe Sse Hola Seascape hal Me ee PAIVCHACEIY | Son tA teas ea eA eet RT oe Eee] VUCCUL CHIC aes e os Saw be ae RIO CEE ee 227 VAGUOCAICG peINCLILCLLE pacmteticie 1d OOSOe ae ac aOR Ee 52 VAGUDO=IC CUCU MINCINELLE a: Aalto ok ae ee ee en 52 ADIRONDACKS vetsrsiccra cts myers ainveiel obi ecnieie aren ato waren GLEE ee /NID)IN OWNED Dt tee ea RI SSE Oe Oc a aE IIMA ETI oiGics orn Foe AESOPUS 1S PULTE MOCKS aiadiecilet ads sade Saat hoe toe 120 ESOP US. SPVCZEWOCH a os chee ais cece Serotien 6, skh RN Ret 120 ALSO PU Se pure CH OUR hs seed eee anioe dix asta Se sie ekete ke a 120 LS OPUS ME SIP ULLCNMOMBSIDE: arse vaiees Sarsiaak ant ces skocats, 0 GENT 120 JAH OG Ati, Bn Ope REO TA EE OS ERE EEE Se ett RA O05 4I JAldloeias IVa? (Or IDYexabN?) 660500066 96500500G0b00ca00e 4I AAIRAN SHIRE ULE Oe TN es Se ES St Ee 41 FN OAD apt P OE ORLOC OLIN O ROE ROTA CER ERO OL ET OC OG 4I JATIN eg Te PIO h SORE IO CC HOR DOL CROAT CCU CRETE MERON UE cee ECC Sic 4I DEL PAI NEVCXG bie eee Re NEES STE Aree ets Sel Rag ORR RR RCPS re A 4I PA AV STAC HL NEORN ID weieteared OTE O tie Ce NOOR EME MCR oS Oo hCG 41 VAN ATES WG 0 Ai oie pt cre HE ORAS CNR RCA SEO MA LEN rote a 4I AIOE NVOP I Ore ite Ss Wrarores te ae Seats Se SR OTe aes 146 JNIDE DOE IZWR DED ooaccsd0 boda. cac A ae done fears Se tetas id 18, 146 TAD OVEIIE: Seve eiee ato Sere ater Se ons EM Ea Ie YNTEBIOIN Aotcte avs iene eS 6: 2581 ota etnies Ohare aLontere ele Dra eae ele ae renee ae NEE SCA NIDERG ta: 355 ovaele raid wisveesataisrere eisicle ete eral cetera TZ On. 2Onme 25 AEE XSANDER (GROUP coos mclsircis sls oe ciel cleielel state chara leh Rereraretere ete eae 25 Alexander the FAgsh (cee ncce aeclacne ee Oe Cee ANCE OMO NO as sete Sisto ge Cais ene ote AORTA Ta Oe AUC CWO NY): o.aeu.5 4c atic was Ws ois) + ols nei on sve 890 American Golden Russet (of New England)............. 164 American WGWIMOLN: % cctsa0 Be oor ee oe oe ae eeie eh eee eree American MG er Sass ocs hae cals oye boeid o eee Cee eee eee American Newtown Pippin........2..00e2 ees eeecocee 146 American NORPOtCile: os oxic sie Uanislsle's's selon oe pee eee 161 American PCOrimann wale dole eisie os icles os iclane oe ete eRe PANEERIGAIN= SIPPING brs heres onieie)e crates: njcilctale)-tolalcleistoke eke eter neteaets 45 AWMETIGUI HIRCO 6 hes aidaie ooGie e.b 8 olgicioe aolelns Gla a eee eee AMETICEN HRED TUMEGINE ome ele tari) cic zrs)oton-/aterencretatel taketh nia American Seek=No-Purther 5. sic. oe «cle ols oe oe etl eels 273 AM CFICAI IS UIMNINE, - cicis Oils ve alela ceke We laete hora aia tae ee American Summer Pearmain ........-. 02220 eee cc cere LNCS eee te ok RR AAA SAT ote eke Ce aie Aa A RARE ote boo 5 46 AOS TACKS OW BE aiosiarslelsjetest oe ols aes eclots oisio eee SCO ee 46 IANISTIERDAIM Socvsiiss © aictoncorare sciatios, Sr ouctaroto allenic setehcrrart cere eae nee Amster dane S Weel -on so terslais vie. sieel sate tele ee = ote ee ee JASNIDREW Sn iis cans cis eee eS ae Oe aN eee easter PERE c Ra een 46 ANH eis VV AUNET oo eit torsos a ade eee 46 Anglesea PIPPin x onaizicisicidos 5 oisls,> Solace ols overs hkalse eee PAUN TS fetter pc cr Soh cS aS Sa eid SLE Ea ne SSIES FLO eee ee he ee 26 SACNISUM & Seeeorcieate suate ished siege P hag mlawiets Olle sive seis ates aioe eee A nisin: (OLA EtETSOM) 2aihcroate pista wie ce oes eo ois detstol eee one ARPCNODRG Moiseice Tee OSG ee Nea io a lee See PS ES EOE ANLONOWEG.2 icosis ale ola ASO ee rates alse eT or Le eI PNENTONOVCAY, Se Cis ct aie tonecarsrotate ate iolictataleyis lo lctelecaveicieve*svarerststctefoteees Renee PARTON noses stole ho tlate whe Winona dlajeiele sal evolu s 0 20s) twit eo e APE ec e iced oes eyo at eetre clans itvane sie Bates Setataraerena se ae 181 Apr CUT g.ciatstetctal Matera tebatn. sf sets’ oil oie) ols diavapelecolishaoacell stn ap ore eae 181 Al Be BUM As erie ete ols ake Saletan wo casilts vate Duce d Siencignas ie nie ee 181 VWs pe ON AL AIT ge ete SOR AD EAA RR RIC 3 oo 181 PAPI CUE SA ethane noua ers Se ene en alslcins aie ots ae eee 181 PAPO ROSE TRIN St Mica atotse wets cdaa dtl thc elo steps! ces once eet Ree 181 APG TOUCH, sateen ielete lo) foe hates drone tid) vias 8/2, bo ee enmity ae 181 JAPORT sa Mau eee ete Ei evap susie wie rans Sis omer Teore sents ele Gleencoe scorn epee IAPORT GROUPS sik fodsictidetaie bis anatete aororn ore ateie eletolsiohe reo euctors te alarene 20, 25 Aport (synonym: ot Aport Orient)2 2.2 225. osseoe cree PAP ORUE cette piniene eee 2 eboer Dmsain MMO sence sive RXelvinge VOL. II. PAGE. 110 62 241 TT. 83 83 a7 143 211 ANN AUM UN COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. TEGO AIRE N OL OL AA SEY CAME UOC O DOE DEO DO CDM TOntD Oo aaoS oe INPORDS: CORTEN Tas yeye tapes neva ee ave ol erete aie fale ois ie tsane opsine ethene eer cs LAP ORE OC TACN Og ate oro oe5 ois hohe ys fart o oled Wades Fines seme Pa Wiy He (ih fal OIL AGR ACO OOOO COED OO MEER OR naae cee suor 66 AD PLESOF AEM Gn PIGG Lia tuciotsic ral ureces nee avsi ae aiey oar aecalavalen Soe 363 BPA ROME Bille cs ap hs cat eas a ras oe a cis hw- ai eh rare aah Wins a ene ethene 181 PAE MU RMT Senet PRIA bs cyte os c''s.c. day alah a thc aeeie tive Mellor chien ovate PAIRGIIG! payne tics tetas eicis av ese cha eve ts tev arevoierote helctel > Sik et nasvaleroyais ie Mena ane 24 FAN aa! IKSLO SULIT ONS 3 Ga SO OC CSCO CARO Oe PEnOIa poe OOor PAU AGO) ARG AIORIDYE oes ORIG ODEO IOC OCU AG Oa A Onn ie ALR OAGE ISG ASTI a8 Gted HG CES ORR OOM Oe OSE IODA Biden e PSIRIRSAIN SA'S ear acentogeteh carers sisi tepe sisters: oe Oe eee a ea wee eee 2AeAG, EAN OMS ES WESC PEUS tan cneeyctoverete eo ckaorola) 3 citicince otras ves Seeroiols aie aete ee 140 INRICAN SA'S MB BAUU aes ohatavers clots, Secs :heciec cid Sie tin WEE OOS OSA OED Care ITE ORI exo oY Rel 2 TO deceteine teace tactic b EG cere Ce een OUD Ieo os 0.0 BODUSCHRINOA SS cows Soca cyetstrae late ttie oc ocar Mere) weak eee rete BaDUSW RAMON ia oe ete RONS OOD ONS OO ee ee Hi EI Baccata fructa Oblong 2 .toenn soe elo cls nee clo nee ee BOChGlor’: oo. sc core hae Hse AT AeA RI eels Te 88 NeLifel PX OLAAA ARORA ARE PORTO TOMO C HOMO Ou Oo So 146 E101) ee PE ea MER Arr pee MRE G Mase arte tasc Moy b;0.5-60-¢ 158 BAILEY (CRIMSON (Crab) ugk os ences ae cmieaoetn eens eee Batley’ s:Golden Sweet. «ice wieesccntc uae aeons see cee eee 54 BATEEY (SPIGES 1.54) wifeteteceiesorcisisse fo oid erotic sss), ce lostole Stoueneporel wee chates atone Batley Ss SPC: ravdes ots bawdy ed nce eae ao Sone eee BIATLBY MSWEET $.lecbarsel ih cicero are clreerets ieee itelouatereiens) cies enero 54 Bailey Sweet (synonym of Sweet Winesap)............. Bas 1237.\1 5) ee eS eee eh one ion eee ACR chcmic DO Oe) s.o 55 BAKER SWEET J0ic ce cste is ayehewae 2 tasieie fise-ammlene eyes are were velit IBARCHSS WEEE ved ec eee oe Cn end Leal cieeis es elleiels Hee REE IB ATDWALN icra fetes cai eciein ons apmiet einai ateneyent 12, 15, 17, 10, 10, 240 oehueco Bald wiv mROsenap Claman mitececrn ee aeca sels oe eee cee eee 56 Baldwins Rother Ueap pine emicee cee aoe ole eee 56 Ball Apple ace tance vas cs tee hase deen shistioe eh See ee Oe mene 250 Baltimore (synonym ‘of “Roseat) <. c/s. 2-205. e or tomer 292 Baltimore (synonym of Gloria Mundi)................... Baltimore (synonym of Vandevere Pippin).............. Baltimore Pippin (synonym of Ben Davis)..............- 69 Baltimore Pippin (synonym of Gloria Mundi)............ IROL ORE IRGGL S Sh coobou bn boson boloo banondbe ooogoo UD aoO00 69 BO THOe IGG! SHAR Soo conceogndonboo. IbonbD OOOO ODBdObE 69 BONONGE eee nate eee PN ps RAB ha aha tche Anette eetone ane weet B77) VOL. II. PAGE. 2 12 12 10 216 124 62 190 88 120 10 Tr, 12 12 I2 10 12 175 83 83 83 83 261 251 13 13 13 13 Tel 231 77 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE IBAINTAINTATS SWE tothtics ci cyarteanin oanc Gocreenia at akevaaravoth ta) sonatanchersdartued ave 60, 377 BAIN GS waar ese cytes cs csisu ty sls erst eRepetes vse ohclewsrate oie es suchas rotsian sister Sr eceloraiaen sjenctel 1B OT HAG GOURD Lk Co Sn WOGOar cod De DUO O DUC OD Deer apHadc Bartle sa RedeGrauen stents ae oer kneteva lel esate tees teres BYAVP DIS Tye pebene sy cue aici ates star Preis, Shsconc a eee PSs vas shaie vAGs Seresarayel shor eravansh asystor’ 61 BIARB EW ee hevawatelarchericestal sscysiie rere coucece iol ws cas acescre ravetiarsvekey Seotataeeveh ose roliavayercueke 61 Lr s0 VANE Oe he ee EE Te AAS Con OTC HOC QUT AAAI 2S Bins COC ON DU coo CGO RGU o oTetCIcouic Ub OCD Gnd Go nocc IOC 2 HOS Ot oO ROO TOO ODO OO ecinGcdcr cosas oone TBO GLAS OS) DUEL OLAS eg ES SEBO OAOTOE DOCOO O66 SOOT OOO GET 225 IBAR RIN GER Saget sere nc oecis ace io ce aimee orem oe syle seuet sa Serna S eae NcLon I raE 62 [BARR Sea rret tM eae aie ote retaer cer aieer Os oShoveue ai sie ot aft.o, « chehnvene sve olnele oe Chere aaees 63 JET LONER ea Rt COIL DOCU CI OIG Se ICS OAC OC Oe 88 IB IAVTUNTED Nigie opr eter ct ieacreopeots 1S of Sia sie. cv ccansuayai’s valle’ a apeueletel sepemegel netouas reer 64 IAT Ria, Prayer eh ar aeeie retest ta, xrehahestrs, aivisratel aca mlezekaca eat a eum alert amen 64 ICIS HETAG IRCAG) a Gotn OG SOE RROD CaCO OE TeOOOdeOT 64 NEHESAG ERAS i Foy Wat end ee cata Sse Wiss 5 Gea or ta leh rac gee veer et ater atepeeee Ne MeaaeS 66 IB ObT AG SEU CICTA GROG H ote BOO Ore CL CORT OEE OOS EE oncu sa0ue AUTH CGC. ISL ele bao DOGO OCS CE UO ORO OC CODE mie oo < : AE EVACU IST U Tame NUR GAUDI cforccy sieve’ ovcyievovvectt caret siteliciaie 01 otaoue fanetay slolicl ote spetarversteneregs BC OWE UMMA VCO Cx Ace orsy tee C=taie 6 cee gare nae a) « cbare) Siesta clonePaeuateloterere EO UIE AMES DIN Dod Gahtiersh ciate is Siaicla cise a sisrareiouelctiar al Seienseaees IBY ATT AN A Bice td Coe EE I EPO ee ER cree 324 IBY REVO Cay? PAULI AO Che EO OORT CPR A nO oe 45, 319 TEPER ISVs OBS IGPIN Die ery start US wecartea clas ei'w ayAies Sas Sos el aS sicher one ERAT fl © WE CII a a Capers vaia isi tha <5 sie shd ayes actd a) 8/ Sara Se el eee Beauty of the West (synonym of Western Beauty)...... Beauty of the West (synonym of Grosh)............6... IBQUOT RN ARCO) OE BoC Op thn Oe SO DECOR EDOM DOr ODODE Dade IOC MOB ARETICS odin > SSAOs CROCS DUE OTe CONDOR PROTO CD ooo 264 OOS OUOUO ATG! <0 Geickd GU Gen OaS Womb OOO RO OOO COE DBE CSS IB GU AYU GE LOC Pee GO0 Orde OAD Ge ROO CODED Roe ORCAS IBELBORODOOSIKOE Gino sacreteve toate crete ctor erisyois olsheneLeisiel s)sieiss okerslaecsloeesbare Belle Bion dee snes cle eiea tee tess Tol escrsiesooiekersy een eee 75 BOHE BONNER (BOSROO pe Aewsncsck ciwlsiova le riaaale oeekslee tee oer HEYA AG MOVAIA DO mCeRL Ot RTT ADR otic o Ore GUSDI GOA OOUSCOOE Beller Ce VIROME ss 5 Sarva acd Wearcrn «sar Naveed Sear era ee ae et 290 Big aml) ILD OUSY talc ore osteo elats key Ce PENO Oro eA NT IBREEE SEI DONINES.« osa.cabdats ous t-s semen a ace feat eae 67 IBA CCRT ERR RIE eA OAC RAC Or IOC Phok eve ee > 264 Belle Plaga... Sse ccc stage + ate 0 eo eissdarenaseas aacdena ae 381 EN CETL CUES (5:5 ic! Sakecste oi shot’sio ovseudee hora cst Sens axge habe Satand Sty SO aoe 381 CIE NCUM ES OUNEL in cent nites Aer oR male see Se roat aaa ae on 381 BCU cE EN OWMOCR «i i< Meth oak stele tage said Sargent tug iom yee ay Suess 381 297 VOL. II. PAGE. 14 14 14 49 I51 151 298 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE Belle Josephine (synonym of Gloria Mundi)............. Belle Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette).... Bevlesof BOSKOOP 2.2626 «bebe so eens 0s ssh egee eee ae eee CUPRA OUSKOG hack btese bokt uted hen waek os 2 te eee DEW CBIROSE) Ei 6 hale s ones ah BAER Re Lee KORA A CUT LOWEN <.. a6 6°53 3.242 sate nero eiere See oe eels Cee eee 381 WeUNOWer ucts bette EER OAs HOO RR Ae Oe oe ee 381 Belliower or. the, “West: astcesce ace oie ae aoe eee (Bele OPIN) aida teas sos ee aes eae eee ee hae eee Biehis SH GQUOvite «2:31.22 ane tobe as oh eee ke ee ae ee Belly band’ 52 2s sts tno ss sae nace cele Meee aes ee 67 ISEUMON Ts tailor Stoel dl sis Sasa lad set aaaeee tte oval et epee eee 67 Belmont Wate ova vs snes ene seals Le aA ee 67 Belpre RUSSEL ois e852 Abb Ane Ss cao ae eee ee 293 IDEN MDAVIS: Bore tarce neat acpens. see ek nee gene Wey ikon IO), Ai, AA, (cls Ben TOG ten Rie oad See Ree Re ee Ee BENS CF Bae ust bobs oD EEE SEERA EE een ee IBENNUNGER: (0-03 sie via Phage ROSE O Shia DAS See ke ae BON WIN LOWS ei.k)n¥crch. rolste be tedofe ola's afolnls/ fab od Hae Maton en ea ee IBEINONT 6 occe nein in ecats aecdlo eve eke orale ona eae cae ee Bentley’s Sect, Fated 5/8 ada dic hod dad Aaatatad Syke eee 71 BCR EAN Ob le xaks tei chalet Veh nel leva eho overtone eo ons noe ISRGEINs +5 i 4 latest uate tyshatars a ayajaete aia Aa aha Sonic is eee htc edd oe 72 Nerd eee CE ee Pre ire PAPER ee SEE SE, GEER, S0.c 5 227 BCU AP DUCA a slater ets ete eee aoe RO a ne ee Bir SPORD Pre, carl oinvaadiadate etka 5 v5 REA be ARE, CR 269 BESS = POO sdaccce tere de sania Sete in aa roe ea oan ie eee oe eee 72 JEXRY fod C1610) arene pe Sere 6 Keto MAREE OT Orr Aco SEU Sos 356 72 BETHEL So .o0 be coe Be Lae benet he Gah e ech CA heer eReeee LO 24 e722 BETHLEREMITE: sauces 6 ce reece cS beeen Gina eo kcG ay eal ioe amen BOWENS PAPDLE. oocc owes tie Gro a's baie aieee et erpene ee ee eee 320 BON SHIDEDIGEITS ra citetts ite cis tetas mie cies seer 276 BOGARDE Fe Re CR ee eee eS i eee EE oe Ee 289 Brooke LPippin, $s: detivas Cs bees os eG aise as Dom oo ato 146 Brown “Golllen” Sweet 205 o.oo 32 8%.» ies eine oa ee 343 ISRO W-NIGER'S Stans hore sete erase isin ran Shooto cael env eie hej eee 86 IBY OWMNIEES URUSSECL coe aie Pio wlekalets Wissen oes +. aor eee 86 Brownlees Seedling: RUSSCb. 2... 22 0 00 6e wale ame oe oe 86 IB ROWING OVWEE Tei che crocs ctternie a cfs epeele ole ateveo aera nanste ohare ne eeege 87 BW GRAIN CELA tat yeertte eto encds oii erapeiatel aie soto eaanetare seo teege 18, 88 BUCRIEM oer Geist ere sees wlel eile 2 role? ae ee ERT THAT ee ORAL eR OIC OREO CACAO PD cal BAU CRONUMS Sislet eda ws Nee Big wee Poem ue ee ee Doe eee SANG r ei ees OSG Peres ee ae pods wee auptee citi: Atle eee 174 BULLOCK a ere cee eee ae ees he ees COR eat e eee 15, 89 Bullock (synonym ot Hunt Russet)..............6.ces0m: 164 Bullock’s Pippin (synonym of Bullock).................. 890 Bullock’s Pippm (synonym of Ewalt) 7... ...csecccooees 124 VOL. II. PAGE. 24 I51 24 I51 151 I51 216 216 26, 216 216 240 88 26 251 251 251 268 69 33 97 149 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE YET RO. cacy DELACORTE CHICO OIC SCS COLIC CS COE noes IESUINFISE RR pled TD Tiy Geral ys ahelene Jaleo wer ayehie siecle apse spat atecns Ss ocuetareretaisvets PEO AR TA 1O1 RACE OR RCE ROEDER CICERO TRS RELATE Hise 225 IBUnlatonn GRECHIMEe ete setae se heel Oe eine here ee A 2S ETT A UO, Sy AO MOLIAL. 6 ote On DOOOO DOGO Ode SO OnGdO UDA bac 225 IB UEMER cette en cyatrecisievecel a oisyclct sucite cess ayaa bus, Senet hore sya uraahwen yak LET PAA ER SB CORO G RECS SOT CHEER Orin II WARS Secac apie Gots CE dt te DORIS CREIOCUTS DOR TCR TORRE AE Oe 88 EWN CRS MLC CCD e star oieistajhata stay tesetoist ercle iain a iolole Seis wet x'e Fa eona lato neces 88 CORIO CLONAL CLAS is 60 CSR OD ORS MSOU Ee AO ee Goin? CAVES Pee ee ke cls Ane a a aR ELS FRC aa GACT ee GVIAUECI i hoot her attacsia aioe wrest BE Nieis wietelnahere ais eae & OI, 176 (CATING IDG Eitin 6 ot OGG 6 OD COLI a AEIne IGRI ERirae onion cr Cabashea (synonym of Twenty Ounce Pippin).......... 349 (CODERSTTIE So Aon 6 DOOR OR eCO ce OOD OC ORC CAD HECon woot atc Gale SE AP PE ercr= tastes nek oale Nawal os, Aeree dawan codee Ne Gale PE ULEC HS ciate he «od asia silo ah dials whats os ceca eet era eee 56 Galileo der Gravemsteuvers xsja <.s)0. inialatetaaia sja's ss reese oop ole eee Crimson Pippin (synonym of Scarlet Pippin)............ Crimson Pippin (synonym of Detroit Red)............... Crimson Scorlei Pippo 35.5555. Pee se Ssh eee CROTTS © 2552 cele Peeples Ae See ore eat Se Sa Eee Sota eer 102 Ceow UBGG: 5... beset toe eee oe Leek veel bo eee cee CRDWINS is 2oc 62 eo os eee eee oe eo eee eee a ee ee eee 102 Citr, De 2. eta pie theSee ese teers 7 oeen obi ee tse eee 264 40 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. CUMING So RONMUON es Sek ec eco a nid hates Cees URBAN SCOEAD y cidade wae: Sate coins Adis Aaland ate & om 28 eure 3 Current RE rad imme cece rie ee oreo eae ee be ooo car GHG Lise Goh CCBILL Wate a otsltet ore aicicien GO ae ae a 331 (CEPR UU RIT te ed aren tare oo oe Rah eter Site hy State erotics eer ea ee Fe RA AO MASE) LC DAB OP OIG POND Ae CEES REE TO Rc e GEER ee (CZAR SIDS digits Coe rOn ep BOS eG nOEE Gc CoO mos ER Omori ote WS) ORLOM ES Cemectet heer he Rae sche ote OE Sols UUe, Meee Se ee Ee IDO GCA VCORE SOC ORO CEO OOO OO COCO EOL 206 IDVASIDIRS = SROGGE See OnE DIe SOLE OC anu ESRC CSC are 103 ID GEBORS WATT EO CBO OCDE BOOT COLO aE 103 Manders Winter SWeehic ans cecces acne cscs «fees oes 15, 103 ID GAG IBIOR ORS SUD ee Re tipo RR OCG OCT CER SORT IG ICI sere 60 DARMOWE OErall) i terse evs ssc cielsisicte eis oeeloeieiels ween a tayesiccne hele s DAGON ONES isis croc fotesro ier cies eines wrsieis esse /craralernterets © Sectcve cies 104 Py PAREN RUG. Kec Re Pies te oy eases So) oicis Beas it tasiSy rabaneta AS +S Sie andvag/ake' Sane LDP IB, ONT ee Oe Cae cg en ete en ee ERR PRN LE PT aE 93 IDG ODE aes) Boe Soc eee Ca ECE ee nee 264 10 CLOGGED COTA OE CO CTE eC OE Oe LOG (SUG BAIF GTC ar ERE EI te PY er DCMI eee Se IT Nad oso neal ad Shes cho BA ene oid cidinlese oS Ea 201 eM VE lemMmeOURE Ss iicci2 5 wea nnts «8 oisls oe ata aie a8 IDA MCTO so Ree Re OES cob COC ODO TEE SEE ieee RGR eee 273 IDG RG! UOC. 6 GO ROCCO DL GOI D OU Doone 189 IDG TRS YAU CUC pati, CaS Cara Ce COD TEE ADE HE Era ore 189 DD CEE OUKAIN Com ecto ous cutee Sores ORS EOI EE LATO RM EHO COO Cit AO ROTC a Oo er oe IDM OGRIA Tiny asec cataks vor c(ofdieis Gears PEs, creiace over elo me Noe See ee ae x 105 DD Gi MIAVSCOULE TELE Cer. aT OES ISIS Shans oy oT ee ee Le IDERIN Ch ele fons ce nehatet eishes ere toieteortn tie Poaake lect ieeis seen TAS oaks Der No trea] aves torte ten rae ole ae ooh on eNO ole Te ioc Secon et eye De LTRONUU CULE pete ree eo ee aie ere Te OT DD CRT AM DUK ET 2 os esate eve 5 eke oc apnea e AOE ERS re ons DCS TROLE Obs ra cc atcik Aebe as DAD OO Loe OR eer DOR OEE UW as: fetic ei eh oe AO LE Ce Se ae Der CORP EMEM: ss. 5/3are cen SO DERE ete Moe tee ae 96 De Revel (synonym of Yellow Transparent)............. De Revel (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) ................. DerriGRNGnid: ANN: «acc coe eto rr Ie NC ee Diaries su GHOLE -- < s' cs Soe em eaicte o olecranon rePacter Derm Sichivere A ppelic. kick steer ee O ae Soe 326 Dee SeteneUr , dAULOMMNE «20 ooo boees siding tae Sar ore se ae D’Espagne (synonym of Fall Pippin).................... D’Espagne (synonym of White Spanish Reinette)....... Deterames Marly Mo. 35.ase ve wake oe ene maeee eaters iDetrovte (synonymy o£. Ortley)ya- 02 oe on- oectc oa ee eo 244 Perret. (synonym, of Wetroit- Red }-'oo22 isen «> eaes ee 395 VOL. II. PAGE. 89 253 253 244 45 45 253 306 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. : PAGE. Deir gt MISE ore nfo fe. Sin os a's sds x's 0/0 5! oa) saxo esc 0 ala a TJ EPROVIPIVED pees sieve sie vie es ere Oootars ts hoes es asa’ Geen OEE 12 DDG tr Oth tO fate VCS boven). cies ora. Hoe Se 3 OE 244 IDS RO PO et AO ETO 0.0 ob OasD Oc Demin dt COnn x x:-2 ses catenin ee ats is 9) 0-318 OOO WDE OAD ple” soa: bs sn eee eee Sl & ss ol YE Ee 107 DOV AEE re = 5 did sco a's “niceties area eas Gy Sle ik e 107 WDECREWSON SCE ee ee 106 DieHiaarlemer TKeinctic ser er ene eee 93 Diels SOmmerRonie «sess ccc eee shee ee Oe ee Die Weiberremetic. 22.2 eae ek ine eee eee 93 ADTSHUAROONS a2 cn.cle srlevaurncie et ee ee eee D Chalee TD ee ee ee 107 Dig=huit JONCES “seein on kee eee Oe Ee DOCTOR Y..0os Beare notes bose GRO IS Eee oe Eee ee 17, 107, DO Ctr DeWith 6 aeetea ere ioe ee ee OC 107 DOCTOR: WALKER! (5062s aco ais ciiene Soca heic ae eee REO eee 108 Dodges SBlack xe c.c aoe eis deee eeeee SOOO 79 Dodge's Early Red iicc biclsainsccsc od 30 tease bh) te 2 eye DOMAINE. “aiteonie steels ot Oo eee hone Pa hoe BCG ae ane 17, 109 DMomime (synonym fot Wells®) esse eee seer ee eee eee 363 DOM Wig Moai edocs Seek Bin ee Ai oS POE 109 DoppeltesCasselar (Remeticxn-e see eee ree eee 114 DWOrid Angleterre’ so iawkesee feces ottn a hGee CeO IEE 141 DOUBLER) JROSE) | cic. bs wintoc o's etelejers orem. tones Sete Ouro eine eee nee 110 TD OUS Ease eerste ho BORE ete Eee ee RE Oe Downing's Winter Matden Blush ..........0.2.2022s00008 152 EB crs ERO ERS RENO RL TAR COT CO IONS Boa éo5 + DOWSE Ss Peano estes see btiwinie ee © BPO OOO EDO ee Dredge’s: Hamme iris 25 55 cee eases tice ehe ores ane sie) Ce TDG BOTS sii 5 s.ccguses b,c oie e arse es MSS BRL Toots et ee ee eee III DUCHESS? ee oe eae lato aetiaiel SATE SANS Oe EO Rin rear Ducwessend Old envoure nae se ee eee eee DU CHESSNINO) OS one ieee Re ee Be ee LORE. Duchess oP Oldenburg irs secon ie «eet aries eee Duchess of Oldenburaiiann. cece nea neo eee Ducks Bill ex Heels S POS eR Re aia ero oa «eee 378 DUD EE V9? 15 oc eas cere co Se toes Cit al cleke ars rie Reto Ld ee Dudley. Winter owen as 350 os saalwies a otk ceey ote eRe Dintsch -MAgnonnercon cn er eect eins aoe see ee 114 Dukes OR. DEVONSHIRE (th, j16 cous ead vies Sales see ee III Dukevof VVCUneton nace eee Boonen ee 112 DDG SVL OCHA oes icc de Let oe Se Cots core toe ee eee eR TW NELO Weary cece occccishorst louse poo Greg ake Sealer o ia Ghats efeiovels eeu itn erate 112 DUMelowiIs CLAD) \asacis ote oe eet ines Oi est onan el Oe 112 Dimelowss (Pvp pie aoe ree BO eo aa eee 112 Dumelow¢is ‘Seedlings ayn soe Oe CO ee Sere 112 Dumplings, das Hy ise oe OF Bue ea OIE ans EOE VOL. IT. PAGE. 46 46 I4I 227 203 95 95 95 21 151 I5I 158 48, 151 I51 48 48 65 208 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. ID WAI OE aoa tda SRO Ooo e toc OS MI COOR CGC DOE RO atm aun eiCn Eitic.c 113 Drv au lewlinOusi asm ce ter ce oases We olla ey orien ee Chere 116 DAU ARS Was SOOO OOOO CB OD OL EE Oe SOE eB el > c Mutchessmof Oldenbersen. « actn lle ker aston Crate eee ae IDE DNC ACCES COA OG GOD aU DOGO Hie Sere nooo ened OU OGbat s 253 NB) TGs VUTGINIO NUNSRNG fesccodt oe leuscske ss, Sanyal ack eocintes ore tenes gee ca cette Zp, al Dutch Mignonne (synonym of Blenheim) ............... IDES ADV TOTE PPP MO AIO ee OOPS Lao DO en Gon 114 I DIY REOTESTON ORS ad [Cee In Ot APERE ERIC SERE IO GAC Oi oS CN IDNUPADINATUTSS, Va EL, Ai ethnie Sete Senne me eek OS Ge atomicia ciacate Dist 115 ID) Sa RUMM ee Bore cc nus, sesh ecs foo ciceavc c's, sus susie iets bia" Siea sas Biers) emesmeueks mretoushote IEG TAN GIB GEL net Se TPES AIO A ne here ac JELOG AN) UENO] US Ses Og eR cl tee PO ie SRO LRP ENE BREE SCO Ie bie VAIN TVs COEUAIN DEERE tN gh S/o, Sothys sai Gi. cratsre.y2h0i « epavaicle meh atone erre re 16 ERR VS LEDS ater Aa t¥ Soo ws, 3/'e/she sare mae rio okey eerie tae SARIN OOMETESS: (Six nt. sinh. ake xis ins 2 Bens Oe eae toeee Early French Reinette (synonym of Early Harvest) ..... Early French Reinette (synonym of Sweet Bough)....... IDO AVN GOI CASITA Se ROA OOS DORIC OTT Ione Oi t VARTA Veet VAIRVIESS Us a araPet sate coitsr ovens) usiecntantve caiaiierelelerei'e Saya olay rebar THis, 17/5 tes I BEV ANATOLE SA TOS CRY OMS A ROS CRTC ROR MON soa ste ke TOG A CIUILC ELON a SS Ied ci hcveipels) anotale Toys es ,otoises sVocial Savoyalstowaael I EFATR Ts Van] O Fees rae aes OR esgae eevidl ev ayure(ccci raves ch sie ayel cite a) o's eye avattepeucrans IBGTARD SON) IPD. Te Oc clo go 6 Sel Daan ODOR ETOH. CAG CAGED OOS Barly June (synonym of Barly Elarvest)) -.2::..-.5.----- aan heme ((Gsanoranain Gri Iexer INC) Socgoongeacnaacocotooce (EGTA ADL MOREE SOL tie Ne GOOD OO EOC Ee CeCe eS IBOLIND LV IGTACUT ADS eckd goo Com eta DOO Sees CLO ORO IE Eo IBC TAR WGA a cktece eck Bene COG SO OOO Ra IER OR TOC VAR TVs EE NINO GRopyctror ever ret eric teee aie einkoe te 8 Vai oko aantaneuste Sy siatra) oy s LITT iad (aaah, Sie sche eo tages OG COR Bains GEE RO LOPES OES eR RA IST Reeta ld EE Cabs Oak Con Ae An An oetee Me MiG CORT OE TRE Oe EOE IBC. IGG) NGTIEOIABE caccpaco 6006 bo oe oD 0e00bDbDOCOaOe OL Barly yivedaletpPue ine 8 nae op sor et ad Olle = on at st hat GRIT ICCOSEN COR. 9 th nn sche ihor Nena a tare oie saga otetele eres As GREY INSEU. SS IRCOR. | faa chek wilt Oo Re eg tees ene a «aay ae IDU NT Ente 2 Oe Re Ries antic MONS orate cl Gite uid ASR YOO OOMTIOSe BART Ve STRAWBERRY © \.,a lag A) WISE TAT. Se ODe Bone CO Geo Coco Coc oomc boob mee oe POM GIDARSAON FEF os, a ayo wsrnlorcchhe seem ae sore e eeesel ee eyeieiay 84 mira G@Ounty: IEG SIRCOR, erections cress polio aitete iio einai 357 PA MICE SUE OI» 5, ons out ins ater Pow oe Shale erate lets wisscroia choi 357 307 VOL. II. PAGE. I51 I5I I4I 168 216 I4I 211 216 216 203 308 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE PACH SOPEE Up ap ot cians oss 4 24 0 os ¥clse ese 6 hoe COREE 54 EDWARDS uae reac eitis len re wae n oe ao alee oteleree eee aiciale ean ns eee ee II5 Edwards (synonym of Nickajack) =... ....0¢252¢.>eseeeee 227 TDGTOAT ES PEGUOVULE. 9.2 tale Sis ets oo eteiaps Diva s Gi eee ahs CO Ie II5 award SWwantee. x asc \s sss s s/s ss 018 se snooker 227 PE VOD. he ois foe bas fx 2 hale Cabo he otawlole do een eer PGE CMOP Fela. . uc ie labia «ss Sbeeeoes eee aeeet 1 ee Bighicen Ounce i. eta se see nes beatin sete Ee Fushteen Ounce Apple ace2tens ch cee cee cs te een eee IPASER © coe sins 2 4.05.3 5 oh Tares.b ote ns ee Bee bee Le oho eee 116 Huser ROUGE. setshseoGg dnc ware Souaeis eee eee See ee 116 RGIN- PIPPIN «224.2 S 5/bs DURE Le eee Sue couse een eeeEe Elgin Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) ..... EB LUS WORTH +2476. 6\ Fc cee ene Sass ete eee oe ee oes ERE 117 Empereur Alevandre I 08.8 ca tnne st eee hn ele ee Empereur Alexandre de Russié ...2..22:2.000ccscccesors Fm pereur 6 URUSSIC «22s s so ee sd ce tle kn ee ie RE Emperor Alegander . 2s2 02 0a oe eis see oe eee Englese Orange Appel |... 3... 6. Sencts oc an 0b Coe Englische ‘Gramai-Reinetie .230.ccceecs ebook cscs see eee Fnglischer“Peppiie 72 B23 ss cease cian aoe ee CeO Ee English Beauty of Pennsylvania “2s. :.. <<. 22-25. . =e 109 English Borovmka. «552.525 beset esons eos Stee eee ENGHSH: CODEING adie cee ae cos ioe Boe REC e eae CREE Enelish. Golden io .ccdtecdsnn see boee cc ee oe Eee 143 English (Golden Pippin: 2 o2a2255+ 2000 alo s\e 3 oe ee OEE I4I English Goldew Russet 5 22.2..52.5 so84e bo ees ce 2 ee 143 English -Jannetiing ys 2.20232 co 3 swaeeeeas oe eee English Kinig 220s maakt cae ete eee iene FOE ENGLISH “PEARMAIN “24000004. Seen eee ee epee oe hea 16 English Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain ENGISH “PIPPIN. o0)5 65 Da) cks tones gee be os Beene ee eee English Pippin (synonym of Longfield) ...............-- English Pippin (synonym of Golden Reinette) ........... 142 English Rambo, (synonym ot (Grosh)) Sos. se2 eee eee eee English Rambo (synonym of Domine) ................-- 109 English Rambo (synonym ot Wells) .......... . 22. eopeee 363 English Red Streak (synonym of Domine) .............- 109 English Red Streak (synonym of Redstreak) ............ 278 English Red Streak (synonym of Wells) .............--- 363 English ARCASiUCak @ aise ce ee oe eee NS ee EEE, 278 FINGLISH GRUSSED wap cnieroec ere aioe weit eee al are ee oe eee 118 English Russet (synonym of Long Island Russet I)...... 194 Englishes piicemberge 222 ae. set cai ete Ie ee ee Ee 225 Enelish) Spuzenverg ox cats nce occ oe tee setters seek cemoeeicnre 225 EaclisWeS weet tin no ieee eee nO E CORE LEE Enghish Sw@erting, oo... dona ch dane pees Uae Mee ean ee English -V andévere, .. vant jeeicieos es cette s eee ie tee eae 312 VOL. II. PAGE. WwW WwW Ww 123 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 309 VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. English Winter Red Streak (synonym of Domine) ....... 109 English Winter Red Streak (synonym of Wells) ........ 303 TE BUSGOD Ons sirstee tReet te eho sia atte ANS A Sto cen OR oe 62 EE Pasco pales Bo cachet, csta ao choir oat ei OG Cee 241 ERP B OG AS ZUCCT iets et ate oo Sioieres ace ne ORO ee eee 103 TE DSO SUSKUPRE Starecd ok oe tie vistas tate ee OR: Ser ae 103 PE OUANELEINE hy, SexePO ek ainaic. chabins aroete ok ie ese a eae a he 88 EGIUS ESIC DP LOM oo Setar vtere tio Tete ie Ao ee Ee 149 LEMS SEG P DUM etna utae Riso ie oe ithe oO Oe Ee 149 PSO DMS acres epee the EA ilar Oe ie SOE Sa eee 120 ESOPUSS SS PUSECMDCRE., . oun smiacle . deae ce nc ee ae 121 EE SODUS. 1S Pls CNV EHO a hc lsea ars «sen nerds eee en ee eee ed ESOS Siemans (UNEED) Focdaccavcacescucouge oucone- 172 ISOPUS SPUsenOuwre wise sce. on« 6 S12 ES, TORU rOsnO: 24a E20) EE SOP SMO OUT EIDE cs, oe oo ane washes ditto een See 121 RSS OAM LAUD D1 Meas oniiaes tes0) 6 om gree enahieengge are De ee Ee 184 EEO WANE, fey Sst stele loo ater ees. 'o 0. 5 cece ayo SS ele ote GE ee 12 Eiowan, (synonym. of ‘Cooper Market)i..220...-2s ee eee: IOI EEEIIES) | sierra lo oro Br oS hoes Roe ae eT ne eR ne MS ee 12 ED Cem PAINS cays Sete e Siskel oad ios UR Tee 50 Bueeapplea(synonyvi of Hea Top). 2c.cuts sac sles eee 56 Bag Aligne (Sypitornyian, ore Wilevtseigee)) oaaceccsocodnaeadosc~ I4I DUC ROCUNOWOM A Baa ate gelute te Nan 286 0 (iat /n lee card ARG eae eke EER 108 TEV iDIN ALON (@d BY NIRS A Gh Goole c.g hci ORC GIG Cae Oe An AG Aatcamio be cc 123 IES AGAND TE Bee payee pote ars Peteislee oretaNd se ceve rst sveustatctoy=.) aks Miyake ere ete Soom eS I2 EEN CEESIO RM UC rall)) amr state ae are ee ena set nciiars Sin aL as CTA Oe 254 IP CICROWIDIGR® ciktncatie cul cn ea GOO Se Gee OE OT ee SAE BAS 125 [BYTE OLS adhd iceas BERG ig o Cla CERCLA MEIC: OR ELAS OSE Ca ee 2 125 IRCATIEANIATIOR US ere ae Mine ete Le etic cyen tO Reh eter Si oko ite), B25 WAS RCN ed BIO Te DR paecicicee 3 3c 0, Seo Sac AO OL EAR CEES Re 10 IOC ae ACG OOe oy Ace crater At NIRS OO EASIER ATCO 125 allen ad Cree) eae ON Pe toe oe Citar eho te ee eee 125 OUR GCMEMN etre ie te a eee ee 50 Balle Geniertinie ieee eee ae oe ee 59 ALE MGRERNUNG Sac S32 hae Ste Mewae Aa Ae TER eee eee 58 alliGreent Sweets Worse ees Ona oe Ga oe 233 VATED OETARVIEY: “31! ei2.0 teereod gaat Pier sey ete ore gr ea ttoe fate reer es 58 IR IC OGRA al ee reticadkstesc cod DL Sb OS GUO Coe tao Or EAB EOe 50 ALTE SP ENINEDING 8. 2 22 su icteric airendictes teresa el poner ee 50 BAU RERNELHNE. 3.\aicies GE ee a> Oe ae eR ee 50 RATET Ay ORANGES ayes drs ec sto oat oehate ote eid one OO Seekers 12, 60 PATE TPPING Yavet $9 areticie oc oko eres te tae 12a eons loaner 61 ECA Ia MP PUNG GROUPS Ac.cr eae coe trerceclt ecards atettmeetienstire 24 Bollseip puis (synonyins ObeH al lselarvyey.)meemeeare cae eect 58 Fall Pippin (synonym of Holland Pippin) ............... IOI Fall Pippin (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) ....... 241 Fall Queen (syonym of Buckingham) ................... 88 Pall Queen: (synonym, of, Haass an uso otras ineacie eee gI Wow, IL as 310 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES, VOL. I. PAGE. BOO weennor Wentucky iy. 2:5 sings ans os 28 oe see eee TE OUUPIGOWMANVEE Warotae casi c sie ccf oe ebook a Ree Ee 273 TUM SE GLO CUI Fors hc. Shai'a,cjn 8.5) 4 oss d s 0jeiel 2 0 eneeke Oe RE TEAGUE SH OR ace MOOR ee RRR BIN EC Or oS 5c IRC (SUG RA pO SCE eT EPP RIE IA cc o> 2 FOueS7vaaraot the WeSt esas. ooseels as aoe Celene OMAN AAW CHUCK Cah anne eee lee LAE th ee ee ate EEE IEVATETE VEDI: Cay ste Systane pie Ors teree stain ere wale ect vie. ee Se Re Fall Winesap . Rina cabin nici ocean : . 8&9 TEU NGAI DVORSI Ds rec taiey CRATERED caer Oe ae ER 1. ‘16. 1: 48: 1G), 23, 2s EG ROT ((GxiouyAin Ore (Wide) anocobocenadoanco 500dn0c 5: ai euse eB GLa wuiyi ete y ished (orks nioe SONS ae Be ee IFUANEE USES (GREEN, aciacsudeties eae sure ent oc oI ee ee nee ANEW SIEM (GROUP che eevecrtvescisionicuee elt Mae ts sl eta Stace en ee 20,25 PANE USE NOMRE Ut cise srrteracnae creo ctucte era.a rete cro ae eyons aaele loci eee VANE WISH SUGRE: (5 teselel asters sole. ciaiete, cr lays oes Soleil aes ee AEGASNAIT Won aay feu ovate octeve esha Sie el aehon koe mene esen cielo ae eee 127 SEUAUNINGY) AePe eRe ee cust cue See Geral etane ious and aeeaiaia eae Shai See eT I Rea eee EP ARRUS 5 lavas 2 Stood Shes hdc ene ele. eae Ss eee ore Se oe ee Se 128 EF OUSES: ILOME BEGUEY Zocjowh, Js oa). ea eee eee 290 AY S TAMSSEE ots ys 5! axe, ae Sfoio stoves oe eRe he mats 2 ee eee 164 YY LT el a Sep eS PROCES RTT a ee TE SESS Rn RPI I 5 og 56 FE emnieide Menage s-cvabitckion tins 5. ok ean SEE EOE 206 WER DENVANID Rye ccdeeoe ah vegans cara he Sintete erais eis voroayeuere ceewecene < aye Rio er ee 129 IMERRIG anc kticeeia erento Nadie eluant Eee ee Ener en ee 130 Peuilles HP AUCUDG |) soce oa aoc eke ae Stas slo Ce 52 POUR OM eaee. kr tes eie tare Seon Moree Oat in oe Sie ne Re. 153 UA NOB TEA Pa OCR AERO iota BD Cid PERI OTEORO OIE CC. 6.0°0.0 0 VET al UT a RR ORE Aes ee OCR OO. 216.5 0-06 373 TECH Ma creek ROR GR ACO ER e RTO RU eee 336 AN SP SECCONME® ca ito ne CCUM ORR Oe oie CEE 336 ETS PRACT, ones he ih ep eee ohh ae raf Ae con Ose A ye dae tee Os is On ee 32 CSIR USE CONIA) herr (GRUNDY Bie oc hee iec ies arte oor? 63.6 OS tw oo CaP eee emer EH IB ONIGUAEP cap DEAD BOER aD ODEO GO OF ono OS OUD oHOUse Coot 381 HAAS osc peat nines ger SOT aes sore cbMermeer ee VOL. II. PAGE. 128 87 233 233 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. FVAGT OB machete nares seveie eisietevera Soeree evan redaiajetal ers/ve eimisievets: -foteey oteeey soe ears VEIT AA GLADE MECH IOT RAO CU COU SOOT DU DOS OOOO Cue da one? Lami pers Americ avers tes re Ke oe Soe ee ie eT To eee FXG Mp sWire® Green Gives descr cate cite Mateos Taree Aenea 282 FROM GAO So nee aT oie Cee tae eee ete ara ee ee Lea 339 PRORGIRCOinshra SA tee) nae eee oe at oes kee eee a Ne es 153 FUROR GGUIGE tyson eet te oaks ee CEL COO SATE Len. 628 ERAR GROVE re cea rs cic foic averete stele ofeuslouatersishalaoe cnreiele sroretthra erence 155 BIC TATU A Baer REE EEE roc IEE IME, Ae ene Oa IEG LALO Oe Be PAO GREE OCC OU EOC ODOT EAS Go meaner: 208 Harvest (synonym ot Barly Elarvest)) 22-a+s5.6 44-42 eee Hardest csynonymrotverimate)) aaeeee escent etn ORUESER ADD Cl Aan eS hart Sarre cia ee EE eee EVAR VESTS REDSTREAK= sone; syape reves ccenaietotelers/cieia o] aexeyelatensier sarees ies EP ARO Gly so c5 oi aitr ane dra. or ats Seenas siele V5) 6 aja d taker ty atel ara eID pee 1 2 L/S 5<1 01 PAI ae PS ere oa RES RRM os A at FHOSREWOS LUCOE By aise tients coe ais Seok lear ese oral a oa meen Sroka 1B IG RAINE RID A ORDER RCC CORIO ernie cairo rkoron ais suc aor Pats: Mistiter nen dnan. «sic ae doe 2 cree oh ee eee ee 206 EQUCHS TOTO E UP DlIUe see ecis state ei ee enor IGIGRES TT IS U0 2 IC DRO Besa CO COOU SHOE DE OO CTOOGH OCR CTO IFLPANW IIE Vag ap sare scares aie pislaceh olareuch skasie ela lcvotevenstarep stateless toeesie avg erage ig, 2A FMamleya (synonym of Elawthornden)) a2. 4442066 e4se eee LELGRETAOO AUG GELS BO O60 SOPOLCO ORA AC SOBER OR GD bid a Cena EWASWARELORINIDE Nine -y isle lepercisiet sie oro ca slenace as te ise elesetos Siar oel cen eee EH ANS aes Potts eee eters Ciel eatoy ails aia Sc whe SNe ck PN Ses Ne oe 373 ELMS! LUD DLR sent Ratencs cid eae ate e es aa anie Sia yeaa he see a ater ae tee oe 373 ERAN VINE tas cge tra love atovene a, eet ai Pie arcs ata gal henna ches Pe aed Oe 373 FVGGSE WAUNECN Waaits catisa op ickacti nae ead sae Seki oics. Seek Seas 373 EVA SING SILER ANAND a sore car oko iy oaich Aor aves ON ea oly eee lero 373 EVAY- WOOD) wefan. a ae acetate cat tic segs Stale n fois tases Sianehalls 2S Par Pers era tie oo es 155 ERA ZEINT ts = eects are ek Oe ota ask ater s its cise e Satara teas ae one 150 Yeh AOR eee RANI 8 ISO Te OR OPI TOE ORE cI IE Gee 158 EeiGRerss SUNUMET iO WCC 2 vt clas tatepasaers eWele s aoehe eeOOE ER CESTOR. Sse ats We Rd oSelare Bias o obiage ste line Da Settee alates Sear ae 158 EDERING fo eiotictoeccstic er oras et we ov biclar sie eins neie Melstone ecoionalene everon token) ataaeks 183 TA GNUDSEEGG. | jase niet 3 Sckee Rete a ie he. one RAI SSO EE Raster 321 I ENCTG (el Saree ere SOC OM o Coeg ates 6 CAtER Be COS EL 333 iendrick Sweet ko..s seas wena sae eisteins Ae sae ene ee eee 333 TEENS NGEICER ")-( hoo cic «oi ciwinte Sa Ue stare atm Shale cl oat agen ek eaves ee 156 1 a eC CE er D EE Cer CAs tee ce 333 enPICK:. SWECE 0 seoaiee sss ls Sa ee ee 333 Evemrny SWeCt 2.25. ce.3< energy tate pera an Ce eee 333 RICE TRY OST a ROT CE OC IO Co CE Ce Se OMe Oe oc 88 (ICRU SUGCOL LAR WES SACOO MORO L PEO COGUOCOOCOKOCObiH Loge coke EV CED SERS IF CMB GSR Sok oe oa aac in te ath eas sein OMe ER CrUSE (Str Cems a 2 9s oe cee Hinibecrapfel: Lavlander 5 o.ics. oop) 22 a's 20 orcs ce eee FLASIOp Bite a aee Sats Be cher ee cle eis Shislsie le ok sucrelee eee een ERODES VAD Ramses Arar atte od caus ete oterel Biatepat Si ollone tel ster eter e re uate ENDS A Gente COE OU estate eon are coe ths et Sie aia is gens eae eee 109 OG a SPAN Dy SWEET waiver oie User mes athe cte- sete Gisisial aster aera LEWC RT he er a Sh SEG oe ARE REL Me TS Toc JOGOS Seteaamormdon soon oI OTC OMe Ae ARID And. Oo AOIC 7 HOVE OP EPPIN ikaw tack lea bo Sea ae wae eee RELGUTEAIN'D EZ EPPUINY eewatte trot ere varsi cee est ceeuniens ees ete at are Stale gana Holland Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin)................ Holland Pippin (synonym of Domine) ................ 24, 109 Holland Pippin (synonym of Holland Winter).......-. 159 Eollonds “Red WAN bern smo ook eee eo eee ee 375 FOR ANDI WWADNEE Be rs erelataperens chews see miete eieteroreChaler: Liar ieee 159 ollow CORE PEIppIT kon ae oe oe ace ote eo ee nee 244 EollowaGores ip pie ckic er tesco rie ces aioarl ces eer vahele: Ser nee 2 Hollow Crown Pearmain (synonym of Wimne)............ 373 Hollow Crown Pearmain (synonym of Long Island Pear- SRT 55 Leet es SO ots Bea el NG RnR MERE Ea tS 3 I EAE HID Cie aE OG SOIR rao ed OL CROC EP MIEReESOISO tcra.a'o'S ¢ 161 VOU MEES ROS WERT § creer ads idler boat merece egress evs Stes aot eae IOI ER OMI Teint om eee Neyalee sacl ee ere «ls Wrakatae ie We e:ere erecta EV OWES NGG COMI Ele ator apatsn . nls'e sta sesoreserete note oe alee 16, I5I LOWEN AS COL ees ore CRE IN aS 9 Seer ake’ o-2 > 04a eral eee 380 NSO ORG Sec severe Nore aos Stemera cisae neers peters a: aherarmie e evsts tate eter ree ente ERO OP eee ear oe ise s Wi eee SNA Fk See bag ae ive Diets aes aia Miele) See 153 FLO OPES Se rere Os Sis Sate BES GEIS Ghee nee eA GPohoss ors SS ort speciosa 153 FT OOPES HE POTULAUE 2c Ris a ee ls alas oe ene Bie ose eater 153 LEROY DOS aco eo Po OO Ooi eR CLS SIONS OTOL ooo S.8ic 153 JEIQMGENe joo Sooo RNO SO UMoU OD OE Hono ends Golo oboods Susu a0 ¢ 153 Ugh OY AT ae A AGRO OOS COO GIG EO ODS. SOUnmeDrto siete 153 VOL. II. PAGE. 141 124 203 103 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. PAGE EX OEHAM ED FOae netane Bete ope hea eels ne ects Me lees hn aha Ye 0 AY Bary a AA ae gt OS ke ee AR oP Sd he Y GROOT, tees i cei rca noe ene ne ache iane Men cineme.aeiakte Ab Oot Ouse a (synomyine or Greynouse mate eae ite eee: 153 IDOE (Exaaorwaain Ori JOEL WWileS)) 5 goon sooo becuseauecdoonse THOR, Uitcte Noth ais erete cc wtadate aston aiatada te Peace ie eee OE 227 ELOWZARID BIE Tete fier Sanit eens eligi ewer ie ea iar mone ater. lohan Howard Russet Sheet tae arth Gen VR ee aloes wie tcaremal eae EROMMOROA SERENE oR T OL cs ee KIA kes Maat ee ae A Ese THOM OAS DSA MRUSSTAMa ss oi sialhees caren eter cree ote onesies EEOC OS ASU CDi sors Sonrs, Set aes bho aioe, SAT Ae AT ae sea 54 JEL Rae AU OUD in corte cnt AeA ROT IRCA ORT nae OI ED Be OE ISTO Es Ra SS MOY SOO eR ATA ROR Be SA eee abiae ERO DICE Bake Ra Ter eT abe, i EL eR: DEAE UG GAR OR nabs Maite coils wie atta, ae wale oe ta ree 227 RB ARN STONES sa Aaa Soares Siam ina Nn aio oe BA Sa eee 17, 18, 161 Hubbardston Nonsuch (synonym of Hubbardston)....... 161 Hubbardston Nonsuch (synonym of Sutton)............. 32 OAS OM SIC CESHTCORS Bea eo Wad Ceeok nie Ae pore Bike ciate WINER METERING stasis yee tual ie c ietases sy Sah rd GAS abcess eae Pep OS SET: Pte avers tense em Aiste tunities oe bite Glan er intenshe eRe ER 164 IETORUES TEORONGRAGD IOV RIED. eanioecle Soe oelblon Goria ooo oO c 146 EES (Gitaee, INGESHOIT DE: IZGIHTP sopaeaousacouguccoucoonds 146 JEUASAISIVEZAINE. 6 idles Gor ORS Geen Gk OR Eee ee ERO oR Pare Sean c 18, 165 LENT BES TOTES. TMOG AR ROR SCREENER ORI cee 165 IBTOUOTTIARE. ote Sta A a oserh SreR ENE Oe el ete eac Neuc ote tee ee ie [SOUIUSIROH I atcha as CRS OA te A ie ee ane ee BR APE a Hurlbut (synonym of Ramsdell Sweet).................. JEL OOTR SURG Ot achdid 6 Os SOS DA RAE Oe SANs J EMT TG SIGUE Ne qe GicloDe eRe ACE IAAP 1S UE AMOI Ai Die Se OS ah el ME ch coc he ae ees Sole Ne Rg ee ETD E SGU Gay ears sete ote chs eRe RIL E ter ke tat sol, ta hero RPL Spee oe 166 ISIS Ie OF hal ASE ieee ho oo Dee ee oe SOB OOO Ae mee 166 ESO Pe (Grab) petst.. eer ere oe ae Ae eee aera TORS GRECO NINES Bess Mate ane oe oe Ponders sane 331 LCG ERT UARVATE. 205.5 OOOSEOS OORL OAL DOGS DOO S NODES MPU PORULLBVICIULO Saas | s1e ears se oe SEO eee Sie Oech eee LTR C REARS OLE CLL Op RO GOOG Seiten od aad daa doce aot s-c TG PErOiraices J OSC phiner han ikect oe ela aie ska ce ane LOGIC Es oR AGA CER EIA OOM CR POS ON cain ob cee 196 nea NGT MICE UGE) eee aac too ICIS Utoigoiod bie pia ieacte 271 MONON GMIACNACUCTE 575 Seeteulebe sieo ee Oe ee IEDC: (OULU eeee Eee OR Rint forme booed cone ae AG oor EEOC: ae SAINT Se TRA POS LOC ORAL hat IO Ga 167 [INGRAM renin a anak thes nade Shae Adee a8 Manes eae eRae 24, 167 LM EROMUMSICOUUNE Lid) dtrtd Ma otee wn Teo eel OR Oe 167 LPR ROI. iat nel AOR OOOO ON DAIS ASG OSES ACCOR AT 244 JIGUEDININE — & i.e Geet ee ee ee WCW es, Oa ee Sree 317 VOL. Il. PAGE. 203 Ol gl 64 103 33 103 103 245 64 60 125 104 105 104 175 105 175 105 231 53 106 318 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE TSWOWASZOLELE Tee o 1G ie sin so o's 9% 2 join eS. olele © lo eins a se Isle of Wight Orange (synonym of Marigold)............ 202 Isle of Wight Orange (synonym of Orange Pippin)..... Isle of Wight Pippin (synonym of Marigold)............. 202 Isle of Wight Pippin (synonym of Orange Pippin)....... LNGK- pee eee SQCRSOW MIRED. 0 S5 cc OS cess ee en ee Gee Ee 227 Jackson Seedling isa Rweskcs ates sheen Oe bee 168 Jackson Wmesap Gof os canes So te ee os ECE 311 Vachs: REG ci vioton eserc ete See ee Cee Ee 135 TOCODS Pics: see ne OR Onn ER ee ee eee 169 JACOBS. SWEET Sascha ced se vets alee te yin cee bh ek REECE eee 169 Jacobs Wanter Sweet sa .5% hosc ss waechc os eee eee 169 James River (synonym of Limbertwig).................. 193 James -Kaver’ (synonym ot Willow)... 122. .eoseePeeeee 370 PONCT Rade eb von mentee ooo biae SEE, PEG ye SE ee 271 Janette = oo os ton dale bom 2 Seton See oie 271 Janmarea . .. SS Se eh otk Se Se Sa eee ee Oe eee 93 PARVIS shone Wye iese eae ale Sia nee rn oye rein Save Sipe eerie eine eee VOT CTACS) Poo ee eo ae Oh Dene Ghee Eee JJERFERIS b> Sctee Bri Gep.cdiat cap ace eo isie ? eaaies sitet thane ee JEFFERSON JCOUINTY. (.%. ..2t sees etek seit oie =e 0 s,8 2 sale ee Seferson< Pippin. soe en's Bais acts Sos Ee 271 UZ tg ae TORO A Rn a OT AORE TORI ISS Be So oe - Jellyhowier® <. 20 25 cie:0 SoS lie smb ole ene ts nos soe ee JORUON Sod 2 ek tia AROS Tee aR See EES OE: Ce 271 YA) ee Ae ri ONTO OS Fc5 - Jenne thenial 2 inde idacb ee ee Ok a 25% Jennette Axi soisdie site Sine oo Se oie OE OE be ee 271 JOnnetune . Nictawoacde dehihs os bce Coe he ip eee Jennetting (synonym of White Juneating)................ JOUMin GS 25 Mw es tee an Le ee ees oe oe ee JORNIEON Fr RE oe SE ry fil Jersey BUGCR Suse wicivelon se © oe ees oe ee oe ee 79 Jersey Greening (synonym of Ortley).................... 244 Jersey Greening (synonym of Rhode Island Greening) .... 282 jeasey Swen, 2S .00h 08. nee dae ec eee eee 6 12 Jersey Sweeting 2.0 02sc88 pine scoters os a seen (hee JEWETIGICCO Le pom oe aie ne eee: Bice ee ee Eire 19, 170 Jewett saBine REO. S noes Stason as @ Daa se ales es EE ee 170 Vette STORZE. 2 koe Micke eee ee eS ie ESE ee EEOC 170 ELT dL) eee Ee oe oO ns J6€ Berta aks out eaceek eles as els oak ee eee eee ae 225 Foe PrECOLE = eee ee cece ee EOC ee oer ee VOL. II. PAGE. 106 154 154 106 106 33 107 108 108 109 108 197 240 109 240 166 IIO I1IO 240 52 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. LOU DOLE eis BES oo CDCI OCS DIO ROCCO OOS ena 172 ROM eh Magi rate harasses Mattar ot cbore soayeeotad’s hence elae ape cite tore 161 HN SIO L? SES BAGS POO TRO TT EG IR oie On DIES OATES. VOU MSOMMS LRAT Ce VIAUNLC Tk | hcoeita oe tere onl eo kee ae Pac 385 VOUST A CCOWG 110 (iach tO CORSE IEE RE OO AGt CSO ROI ine oe BOING eueeenreveure tos Siostsateac teres Vero a ote: cer sionevenca ma erearn ane 7h, aitsy, AL, BE Ge A GNAMEDA NMS UIERR™ eyeriisp terrors eleteversyersbe i Sincere deiewe o otothed carte opie 174 LOCA VATE Oh ETUC OS Ae AAO ROO OO I A OO LO Oe pe oe BOK 174 VOM. OF MING INGRAD ene aan OeooleSOAe ono bus cooeD obo: HOMES FE CRUG Vel OF VEST oe laser as) sais a5 ysl tes ie ate lauete ec) soe ciel VORGS TLEDVEE Bees Ao aoe eS COCO aOR DOO SS ACD MOOT HORES SCAND O06 0 OO role TO A ORCC cece bao. 8 Josephine” (synonym ot Gloria Mundi).......5....65.s: Josephine (synonym of White Spanish Reinette) ......... HOSE MID APX cae ha OS INE ORO OO OREO ODO Acorn 219 A) iQeTED SO Nip crete testcteoecyeyradss ors Woke ees aise sosuctfeagrai ore evets je fonevenicntie wiegual slounsene euatevermi Py RUT apnea ears ete seem yey eta re) cahek Spat ctewe yoy crahacayone dori erela ahaha Lice a chore 4 UCLA PBC aeclecahae ste Sa oie ers forehand vost «dye alle greresb 6 ale Tecote eters Sieve Urey MEL AKI IP Pins Le, chasse: wie e's SySine sesane eiabetenie sid stewatel gene Reore LURUL VEN OMLT BIDE OM aio¥% oot octave jouer seats een cea oben ie wi el Aled NL US OUI ALT eae eR oe LT ERS, Ch PO OL RA CR RTC AeA Nite? (smerny, Oe, INTENT) 5 p500conscascc cocodbouoonne ie (apnea Ot IEGl Iwln@)) « caccacacgcccoune CRP ete tO C RET NS ed Re ASE ECO POS BLO Tia OOO OC EIO IO UPTODATE Lee Cat SOONG OD, AER ONO O Oc ee ie ROO CCRC LLCO Juneating (synonym of White Juneating)................ SOONERS WAS OIE POTOSI BS AT OT IC eRe ORCC Ste Maen alts, sic eionet ete dae avste le et aic ceo lee Vena RSIS eS ovoyiereteks ae I RUASRELEON uA0d discchei oe eh ouS NOLO ERC LOPS CREIEROCRO EEN ROO CS CLC CITE eR 183 TOU OES SUPCTUTOIR? 600-00 ob ab BO OOM ae OO bb ue BOC OROOOT MaiclingseS pulsenbenom aermar wanes eee Non en eee aren US OTE OG Sy NORA INA RAT! seo cep Ore ORCS DOA POO ODIGE He OOD ROOD E Kaighn’s Spitzenburg (synonym of Kaighn).............. Kaighn’s Spitzenburg (synonym of Long Red Pearmain).. Kaveh nes) SPUZenOUn aie ea cersia ae Oe eine eee I (UFR TALAGLL DUT AR ee otic Cobos do Cod SUES OOD OU CO OnE OE ieaisen, Allen an der. tc arrecreette Mee cree oes SIE estereoener eres IOI NO 0s WR Ces oe Oe othe ORES a Id IS Solo Oe an OMe TONUI.< sce, ds Amare dose sree a eee EOS MEADE GROUIE: Sean ct ccorare crear te onareee herd tid eee ears ten en ee 182 ICG ARICA 2 te a OEE EITC escrito) LLG) DED DL Oe OO CO eI Ee Rete OL nbs C 66 TEMES Mer eee acre cin sais. 2) 3 th 8 Sm sraca On vata ee BAD Va SEBDIOUN GSmtre sa een fece cue teases boo esthiore era eh Fe AER er 183 EASES EMUCLDY cae y NOs Rite Aen 2) 5, 22:3) 9 atest niche wa LS ee EDM aPS ALTO MLCT te Aon Says ie\ estaicis Sev ecie ale Sararsve apni ae ete ee EAs Ca SRUCETN. o SaNar tayo eho cia the, oe Ge bes Bid Seabie, Hin aie ee 184 Ware D GS UCC ED Perna ee wt. nin yh uth cio oho trc ee Oe ee ees 184 ICANN? SVAN Rees the oC OO OrIES Ren ee CA eae aaG = aitst| Lady Sweet (synonym of Sweet Winesap).............. 333 EGE WS IUCCHIN Gaara ter a ere or, ORE ae a eG Ae Meniee, Me 333 Lady Washington (synonym of Yellow Bellflower)...... 381 Lady Washington (synonym of Cooper).............++.- I Bo AEC SORS Oca d Ctlao 06 do ho COO OORT Se ODO Oe JECT AUIS ip oe Be doo oc 660.6 ooG be Ole na te BOOS En Odeo 193 YB TR OOP APP ONO TNG OC Aes Sh CER I SEE Ee eae MEGH COSTER OUCCIE sa 55, cots PRT let Mere 5 eS Se IE ATS IINOLS Pee Seer PORE NE ooh ts cucr aah oct Oeae cp Ie ENS Er eM REET irc 185 BAIN SBER Girt 5 cote tare he TE TORT ISS eae a cit Set nt cher on are Ee ae wondsvercer -Remetice man coceier sire asic oe one me, eee eee TE GHESHURET a'os. xxi DOM ca achat oct ere A el aa Ric os oie Se Wandsburmer. Renettes ca Gcas cretion Son ota oee, + SA ae an epeAD OREM Sneak itek, co Sone OS eT CLEO My Seer are ee 268 Mamersolrince A DOr ts cars at Peer a Oho reacts eee 268 SGM ECT CLUSROC. ser Serc re hota See Mer Lee DO OMSTON EL o's x ocistalveced a .< occ... cs oe - aes eee eG arce Yellow Newtown Pippin. sens ee eee 146 ARCE AV ELDOWaeSIBERTAN = (Grab) inseam reece eoreeiat VEG ARUCR LSE cee EO OE Ee Reb Dee ee ORE 64 ate Baldwins etaee eee loo oa ee ndot oe eee Ce ee ee 56 BOL DI NOTE E MER HAEA Ean Oee Da Aa GOD MORON oD UICT 68.00% 0c ate Chandler 2 eionrn sere oe eaten este vee lela tose me ees TATE OU CEESS 2h ecco nian ee tetera eich eee tec Tel susie eaeieaey ances Rotem perenne 2 AS LateiGoldentS weet ssc euicnn Boe ee one ee oe Sac ee eee WATE STRAWBERRY: 20 Satiociinhe meuetuni eke cialels creer cet ieaee enema GATGAM, Prac cote o ciotegn wicca cceavene’e atsyovs olarfese Morons oiesa)ot tere Raat EAL’ VICTOIRE wan) hoe shan eae Ne ie ae oie io eee ay eo ee 188 a Vacioria Secdling= > o's eeisheree ee TEV SCOM etetsm cuales chess eth Sarge CIS Olend coutiors erste Ol cle horse? cinke eo oe een INT Ace Tee Pe cess foe ias cos chs pmaiekoDuetaets oieions nice scake gel tener olelehaleherez Rolene cee nam 24 WEEA COIS UIE! eer aeons ee pith on folate said) erate sc /aseys eee MGARER 2a. fale RCE a eeA ce hye = far else toe ee 196 UW Rok Py aie ti eS RED eres Sane MA cornea ciayoS 7 > 196 MoAfees Nonesuchinccates sone segises Sens he eee eee 196 McAfee s UN Omsachsy 2 ie ores rie 9s oie ohm ie eaten io (afore eho oc 196 MCA Fe SuIREd® cB eee pete title. tee erable eo Gee, 2 aera eee 196 WW RPATTEE SO OOD Dd to OOO CO ROE SOT BOO IOMOOOO NGO USOO0 OCC 197 NIGAT CES NIGNESUCI EE COE oe oo eee ene eee 197 AY, [Ce Gary sgh soe ne SAS ee ee LSB A RIeae An aerenioict'c 0'¢ c WV AOD Oi; Se eee He HAO AO ea Shs COE OSM to AOUC OR Ob a< McLouds Family ...... 2000s: sccec ences eee ee cece eee seees 127 IN [New oIs(eliciae Lagoon sdacrDooneuoumanarogood dado cola doo 50 < INTC UNO SED urs fist a ieee er aT ten eas ora oterel ci avclersiersteRete terete 17,5) 10, 20a WT OG Hal RG Ing ob Gob oe SA OCORIDOO OL OO OOOO GOS G0 DONO Ons cic WIA TES (CUMIE IBAUHAY. 25555085000 00D OOD DOO gDOonObD ODDS Mackanlay seyesrcis sie sss sre aisles aialalatolotelaleleveroletelatsloieloialeialelaloreletors 197 VOL. II. PAGE. 125 II3 125 126 213 126 69, 126 127 128 128 129 129 130 21 177 17I 130 131 112 132, 173 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. ITC ISDN Vitor sat pine tae pee he tad a Sk ce SUN Ve tena EVE wT 197 IVE GIKETNINTS dy oy nd pierce PRR ea Pa Ls al ghia ioe Sy ec 7 2 ae A 198 IVIGTE TTA Nc crn See tiecre eee ee inn ie rene fers tit ator arn a 6 a a ie Ey Tye Kal ets ET Gs eRe a ED COO aa AT CYTOL Oe Poe or 127 I RNGH HOR ROO trentio® oer C RTOS OE OTe EEO nace WOM CTINAY AOL OAR BE SiO Oe 28 UE OS OOD OR COR AITO oe IVE MEATON, ak svatser perce ss cies rokemee eerie Pees EAS oy hacen ole nS NEW OH TD DATA ICO SEIS OBR 6c: IRON ROO OO OOO Bee WORE 2 eS OUP IARC COO SOE OAC OO OD Whaat hel COON tig cioke orders ex knoe CES CU ORICON SOc Ore IDACTSIN IA SR aR cr Aetaictand pro 6 GAT ots GCE a OG OrGis CIO AER ae ka oe De Eas 198 Midgmuin® BOnUAN pies ajeusciersoi sie oie) s 6 oo svelte ool aeole ce trel ott INVA GOG oa rane rates onceroe a ieterete eh acts Systacnte Cuca enaic ote ale Seen iare einer Waray Reds S the Wile atetars ac. 5 s.2f- cic. sceteestee cape esa kaaaretaictese IMPSUDEN: SBE USE. ercvartaa eer Cha, cers sf atone giesecereliavate oie lerevorand sveverap ors 7, 3Kss IMPATDENG TVAVORIGE !< scrapers teueles ac cic Giersn ws veisaeeie s Miehsiereis) srarotelsle ote iaiae WGTOKCTIES Wali) Cees tccie bso ol ccacow Bie CaCO SOO OOO oe Maiden’s Blush (synonym of Hawthornden)............. IN UASi2<) O15) 055 C10) ae ee ore SCRE OT SCM EROTIC SER ICH RC CRC IEC Re 312 IPAS INI NMS arerone so eroeie ol okt ceo rerosscsuietss aie ised rely ySee oittie ial Sede seater 199 WACHET RING TOYO ere Oe OF od ORE AOE IOC IOE OO aE NU CHEDT HG ACL Do teeeers Coa AERIS REATARD oh SU Oe 67 WOT ITT AAT acer eo OE LOOSE DAOC REE Ie An Opie ode 67 Mammoth (synonym of Gloria Mundi)..................-. Mammoth (synonym of Golden Pippin).................. Mammoth Black Twig (synonym of Arkansas)........... 47 Mammoth Black Twig (synonym of Arkansas Black).... 50 Mammoth Black Twig (synonym of Paragon)............ 247 ACO OA NAO YL ea eM OC. TOE RARE MTs SOOT EDEL On AEOE GCL NMainInO tT RGM O shat ane cop eiace alse st vanes Noe EAR EMCO (ETAL) J). side ic Steeler alesecatovens ats roheyen rssh ole op acne Paneer ears Miaren Zou 05) leas Aicescer ee A ee Ee WMarenco Winters Gravee earns reo er ea aI IVA GARE 75'S 5 eth ares stoic nlc ct aysrerers = ote cuets cals eee RC Oey Re Seana eet Margaret: Early orcSes BloMolioTa el 61s ered Grn 2s CE 202 Marigold (synonym of Orange Pippin).................. Marigold Creed's %ciiew ss, si.2sete hiss sie e's. 0 'e 0 5 eb See Marigold Pippin (synonym of Marigold)................. 202 Marigold Pippin (synonym of Orange Pippin)........... Marlen (Gare ore fo isc see corset a pone aac aO Ee ate LOO MON OQUIN, 26.8 Pia ai eieys: 6 ale dono E Balance, Seales Bees aero Sleds CEE 264 MUGTH OWED OME .ie cee oes ine wits eiteva Cole fas oie Too ois, cxs a ap Ae cree OE NVEAm TE A= (Crab) © 25 2g ot it Bajos) nse oot weg wi oteral ors aaneia’b te recemaee 3 (NOTE RN RR POET RT CER ROI SOIC ha S865. 6 Marnygold *(synonymot Marizold)) eyelets 202 Marygold (synonym of Orange Pippin).................- WIASON CORANGE MS pecte5 ct otosc fess olcie viene ole. oie orerereracle leurs emt 204 MIGS ONES MINUDI.OUCH anya er rete ooo O- 204 MiaSONS8OTANEO sock Sew he os Be eke save Deca Fer eRe 204 Massachusetts (Golden RUSSCLE metelen) es -1-iat elo tetiet ten 164 INTE SONUB e ty rate Gio ce eee te us Srchane cous aaxtuet oats eae ee red vers Oe eho een 204 Miasten's See dlye osc + < wiclsa loyace ache Ala B <9 Zcielane we ateret eee 204 WE GECHA ESS © seb axave en < Ono ero eis te Siete sele Ont ae Boone tier a eee 225 Mathews. Siri perie sates 60). S@eaea aan teas cnet Cee ME Au at ona ci ace. 6 Bie sastena cys toys cichave oA Mi oer are Bene ero MUG Te aierccts NOG 25 Fosse Ge se\enets eshte SAR etogie ohn akon ey eae 153 May Apple i585 bs alec See ia nandinels 0 ome mleeie sete eee 153 May Scek-No-Farther. 2 i056. 0024000086 so 5-08 eee 153 May -Scek=N 0-FuUr ther vec vaca Nee < ole sete what. eee 153 Miewchens S Weed: vais vats joe ati nle S aa whe tans tbe oe ORO RE Wiela: Carla: S2xd cahgs eet rae Hat tens onlay he eee 199 IM cla dexGarloted aiid kewl ofewe byte ace lee ae ee aie eee 199 WielaxditCarlo Ges cc secon eee oe ere rot a eee 199 Mela “I ONWerG) veanracce oc Se stars, ols sree aro, hielo clare Oe 94 Mrelindas oe hen made cers oils Giga isi es a¥elo a elskee wiela vt eer OC 199 IDO Sea eon Ado inorder oo oe me oO os ATOM OO GCeS Ol 15, 24, 204 Melon (synonym) of Gloria Mind) -e.- ee eee eee Melon Apple vax cation scien ho Gann ane anes tel one ee 204 Melonide Norton. d2 anenciad cane es te eee as 7 See 204 Miclom: NOTtON re Fie Paks 8 oh wins aia cio dels egetas le Cae Eee 204 MPLA SIP PA Rod. peso bisa. Big oda Stace aiaees «Bip elv ee se 244 NMI CHEG Od rate fe chat isle mites sels ate s12 Sik s apaharoa oe 206 INES WAGIERE Soe died oie Hees nak ete: vo ai oo. 0 serena, © ake Slee seaivave, Soke Oe 206 TO TON ABI OEE ONt Ce EOOOI ID aE RG OE ITO BOE oo.5 c 206 Wore de Wena ees acustia cad Sd yeas 6 je he 206 Wher itss tis oachet pas mest A ee GN cond deine eters A, Ae 88 Wier rir Ayo Sorc idee cts dys anon sheets cea ae Se Mentha! 207 VOL. II. PAGE. 142 154 154 154 225 259 135 154 131 142 146 77 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE CUMS Ala eu etd aftiats, oh ca oid bales 64 otekoe ble te a he wtegee eee 207 WACO TODAY hb bud 6d CODCOD ROCA ORE OTC EEE ECORI CRED Shc 381 WA BESRAEGS (COT, 3 so8 0 dR eC CECE EEL CoE e ene one 381 NGA AGIHIC? 3.6) oad oeeoe Cop EC pO COO OU ETE HARES Cana e 158 MONG CVO COR REC Neer ates oi Slasao/ais.0 ls vocvn, eayalvie: ars, CSU IPED DIVE Be serrate oueteneten eter a east P te ted ele afeve ss ciek Fie’ «eet on yb e,cdlas aces ove adna wfevstenonels 207 IMME OG aS onc PR HTONCR TER eae h hei cck erase) citvers cher slet a/e/a taensrea.gie a creer 208 IMMA ITOING Gg made dine 60.5 OH e SEO CGD AEBIEE DICE OL Ie eR era Are 209 IWIN. & Sao D ONS dob DODO TOC EO CE OCC Ce RE aor 209 Millcreek (synonym of Smokehouse).................... 312 Millcreek (synonym of Vandevere Pippin).............. MICE CT MACE Ct CCM ties eve fo OO oe Pee 312 IGT CHEC MN ONG CRU CRE re ocak ere Gi ckns sic log «ve Sioa SER ee IV UUT ATSREE IS ats aerate tec ae tael sche} cocsgye vara s7abionnicvevapolnse:4i horse reich RARE Wirller:” CsymuannyiioteElieSten) «4. oie. die al nerovion en eae 158 NIST CVS CAO iota te cinco ek kose Diol tide, «ss Joes se ae IV ERIATALGIAINGS Wy darax honey ley ccc Spal oie ox) 271 INET OTRO enw apc tee. iranian cheese eel itie hee eee eee eer 271 INE WARK: RPPING 2: seus c)cisve sis o)5 ole aco esc SS agentore aie Srey eiecetete ote EET Tere 223 VOL. II. PAGE. COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Ni@zd) in lolelalelats oe, 6) (ee) «mele © ule) e).6 (0.0 ©.0/ 6 ‘ces 0}\6)\0|'«| = «| \e\'» jn 0) 0)\e' (oles) eo islejisielele BO OeCEDeD DutEbeco 0 OlOntnO mod O Ueto OOO OO OT OOS 0 G0 2.9 S) 0. 0,0 «isle \e)e) © 6:0) (e/le) 0'e) © \0\ ose) (0, s (s/l6 0 elle) o 0.6 tn.0\e » 8.6).0 0) reslesiienp ie se ©) 0s je) ») 0 ©, aie: 0.0 010)», 00,0 (010) 0 ¢ (@ ©» \s) oe 0//6) 60) elielje avelsielulielens ee 0 6) @ mie wie) ele!e es) 018) ¢)\e)s: 5 s/s s[e\e) | ekele e) 0/0 ee) 0's) 010) Sl enelenwiele! eiese 6B! 0.0 ¢ © (ele, 80) ene) © © 6 (s/o wv 1s (0) 6, © 6 « (0)\e\ie, #''0\e|:e e100 N01 ef isms iale) eee isle, 10,» 6s) leva oe 6.071819 se) 6) (06.0 le ,ele ele le)s 6.8 (s,s) 0 vals istmaeenie © (0\\@) oe, 0 18) 6.0 0116.0) -0!' 0) 0) @ 6/0 \e eo ‘eo (se (6)|elfe, se aye) ©) 0 0) a0 0) 6)” (6/lel sits ialetie elo. ele, uile\@ (p60. olb (0)'e © ©. 0.1010 0/0, ele: jele).ole, ejlellefe) (6) (¢,e\e) Ole a(n) sl wieleualsieie wife’ 010, e-e\ « 1s) /u:/n\ win je) @ (@lelie|e)le tee \« eo [oe 06 6 .e es 0) 0/0 ©_eeselellejuleneielele olla! aa) |e @. 6 \\s lo 16 le |8 «(© (00 ce (8 (6:6 0 (00 s0) 6s -p 6.0 008 Mole)” © @iehele = iwi @6 (ee © ©] © 16 ale, (ci! 6s) 016 (010 0 6) (6 0/00, .0,\0 0) @ © 0s a 6 6 (061 6/0) 6 (0\ (6) 0) vl ers lene Sis) 0.6 1s) ©|,0. 0 \0'8 1s) © 01.6 8, ae alle (vie @\0\ ©) e100 0'5| (00 (618 (01,6) 0 )ene)je 9 ete) esa wire © pe \e (6 (ew a) 0 w\c\e6 616 6 00 00 8 0) © 60/6! 0« 00 (Celie (6/6 sexo ys 16. \0| B06 ele o)u 8 vine. ee =, 6c @ [0B (86 ce ©0)0 0, ee 0). 8.» fe 8 0X0 610 101e le ers Jee! -e) eee, Clie 6 DiS, © 6 Be, aie bile 0) 6.6 tla, 01.010 e116 \e 10) 6:00 (ne 6 0X0 6 66:00 '8.\¢10)(0!'e 0) 616 eo eee eee ec cere ee ee rere eoe eee ee eee eee ese see see ee eeee VOL. II. 21 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. INO2 >i OTT Ree Seas eran ORO CE DRE ce SiC etocrcS cr NIE aati Ti NCAR legtya aye, ya aka och asia e e areveraFs Sic Sava «40/5 te arfagareceenate INIORARS AUN OL eosin ric rarsie va ota ist eaves lester ais realy crsnouter ei etegsrerets (OUNSIUAIND). Bho nee oa iho0.0n OIC OOAn Mcnenor conmmourercimca noc c 234 Oakland County Seek-No-Further ....06.0.cceccceeeeees 234 OWES oO Sia pane CRE OOO OO ee Re One CCE EC GOIN S Oman F (ORNS KET) AC ic oe Scene Pe nora SEO neeRcnnOnr micro a Oblong-Fruited Siberian Crab .......... bal sya¥ahavaysee eee ODN SE SIDER VORA cr iaite atopic arelastaiecs «(oem nies), alata nanan (OYGlelUn OSs Meee Cle rIAn eae nine did to ton ES UrEAe AT ance 24, 235 (OVD) Bes Sie PTA RAC OO Sn Oo RD ROS CCE EcEGbiicnot nic. 6 ee 236 ORT ANISTON pris erenocteraotateeca tears easlahs ioe tandoori eee A eee! OGDENSBURGH Ee Pac eee irate ne eacieticTarsheine sicveistare heist nrareres teeter Ohio Beauty (synonym of Western Beauty) ............. Ohio Beauty (synonym of Grosh) .......:.....---eee eee (OY ays RELL BEER Hbn ROR Oo d GS OMAR DT OBO CUDO OSE OOOS oC 244 Ojsiey INGMDNRAI Beswonocdoecucboac casuuncbidunoobAuEcoouod: Ohio Nonpareil (synonym of Gravenstein) ............... OitanNanpartel sxc. caso ice oeidele ante wieye miele luers(teeni eater ay Oyen Jaa IN ea ees ogo on od Bp OCHS aoc OUD Dl aco voTcOne ooo oS Ohio Wine (synonym of Fall Wine) .................--- Ohio Wine (synonym of Kaighn) ................-.+..-. OIRATIIIG/A * | SRS hee aamobun nena ce eob oho cousbunUUpacdd odd (ORARCT I RE SED OREO OODO OR CEASA Gna onn ne ho LO vnc ONMSNIAUING Cp ogebeeuo dono sucdG 70 ond DeoHoaMOOUODUE 17, 18; 25; 26 Oldenburg, Duchess Of ....00ccecc cece sece meanness sane OEHEMEURGHGROUP. . cues fo ceca dcsiitianins <= porte cers ates oer 25 331 VOL. II. PAGE. 195 247 130 261 261 261 147 239 89 148 85 148 149 64 113 150 150 150 TSE 332 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. (UNC HEA | Bane AA ee A RANA AP ERD D200 05 ¢ Old sanclish Pearman @ o.cckontins asoe ss en one cee ee 378 OlagvG old en Pip Pil Mise ee ae oe rene oe eke ee 141 Old Hawihorndeane orc faa sia s aie Oise ee ee OVEN ONSUCW: CED P AS Be ea AI a aT EE 276 Old Parma Aaa y Ple ae oO Ee alah es ee 378 (iE Na eR SEN Ae EN SY en AC A eno aE EES SiG O10 O10 s 237 EVER sh AN OU, cls Pa cece Sronctietes cleats cassis iotens ee tone ee 238 OliveinS ER CaN IIe aloe near oolole oS wicker ee 238 OPVANT PTA Moy Sees See cee satiate raed Net Rretee et aise Utne ee 24, 60, 239 Olympia Balada bi sanilce ete a se optus tents Meroe ou 239 ONeHSRRE Bata eictatcals oro oe tele eis alee ane eee oe ae eee ONTARIO NS cue Sota a sas Oa tee Oe een oe eee EE AO (PATS GENT Hotes see Sone ola Sere tie epee sitte eile See bie ont er ee 242 OPOrta esate bese ho OR SS eee ORANGES Aak cate tte le vlc aude otalois atalsle elgbou stolnteyehele ae lot ete eee ORANGE Grab yee eee Seite cin ale ee ee Orange (synonyimiot Falli@range)) Soa. eee eer eee Onangzen(Gynonymilot bowel) seerereeeeee eee eee Orange (synonym of Orange Pippin) .................... Orange BilenWeriy wal fox iste co om Gelees see eee = eee ee Ona EE LACE COGN. carne ern eth Aa IS hale eee ORANGEVORTNEW “IERSEVaisi.aroe resis Solace Jom ele enuan sl aaa ras See ORANGE) ORMPENINSWILVANITAT tae cite iat cite eaarstel ons evecare tae eee ORANGE MP IPPIIN, were eaeoe eae iterate ee eae ero Sine Orange Pippin (synonym of Marigold) .....2-2...-seeee- 202 Orange Pippin (synonym of Blenheim) ................. Onan ee HRUSS CD ia Aston ke Bites he eee Doe Ce eee ORANGES SWRET. A008 ot) aiothc Bite net asinine Mee eee Oranges Sweet (synonym, of Viunson)) eee ect eee eee Orange Sweet (synonym of Golden Sweet) .............. Orange Sweeting (synonym of Golden Sweet) .......... Orange Sweeting (synonym of Orange Sweet) .........:. OPC CIS ais TS Oe ohse Ce Oe Ere EEE 161 ONO Fe Pitas ee oe Ce eee Oe ae eee ORLOWSROCLB CNIS SS oe Se aaa a ee ae ae CS ee ORNAMENT: coe Has enta crne aenisetar abet aaahetts stole eterna 243 Ornanvent sda Table Wears fais oS eke abo oe le Oe 243 Ornement de ables. evden acc tee aes ie ae esr oc 243 OP SIMA RE Ee ts ees: ONE eee ee Soe RE he EO [OIG Pion uals on alae ons eee GEL Reo eI e aioe tore ea Gite oc c 244 OnE AD ple se Core RT PONS Pad SRE ES Ona aa ee oe Oe eee 244 OPC AAD PU MEd Siarn’ © ode NaS a hese anise SRR ls Sas ee 244 OSSOOU SIAR GUOUTILC AS IS: 1 da-5 cote sere cla Aa ne ore eee (OT ee ete, es Mee Oana Nias RH RAPS eee Maer aty orci VOL. II. PAGE. I51 06 97 131 97 106 155 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. OstraROiAGlasstmcr nak Aerie eM ad bole ches aoe adewaace teres 5 OMA ZOUE.M BG AO S000G0 6 COO OC OIA EC Ar ic aa Eee OM AOS (ENTS IRE AMA 6 ce SAR Ree oe ae OStreROUSRAYORS TORMGNKO, 23:0 ci005 elon. coche eel wate he Bet Ostrekowshafa Star anked vcs. esas 22 waste doelsdelden dad os OGG. enc duce Sao Soe odd Cora OO OC Oana Seer OstroroiesiGlassene Mane pehois sets es seer ate a ee ee oie Be OGRA phleteern ee eet te ee Ah oe Lake a Ne eee a wad es Ries Ox-Pyew(synonymeot buckingham) 4.424 2.:4 ¢¢.000% 6.20. 88 Ox Eye (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ............ 225 Oxeye (synonym of Vandevere) 2. .24 2.45 024s fe on vies Oxheart (synonym of Cheeseboro) ........0s.c0.steecees Oxheart (synonym of Twenty Ounce Pippin) ............ 349 WEN" S\ GOld CME CUMIN tr renee pete 0 fers Stel ional cee Asi elo sisi ors) ove (ON -1i 3) Matron SOE Atk S Sth 6 S75 heh ENO) Sn ed age ae 135 COM EUD PUVA & aeP RR EE he ee areas Oe es ESAT OUSE) sachs hin nists, ote caeretarrere are ro een ene reere sale baa is EBAMANEERDE ct cree 87a iota eisai ToS TOS ee OS IE Oe rks 246 Palmer Greening a c5S5x 5 ao one S A eee ie 361 IU TEGAN) eal N (Sige SERS AA then Cae Ooi oS US oO 246 JEUNE RS 5 \ REID RET TOC MER SER OE RDO eer PO OCR ILE POP CUESUDASILY SS ke Se Hin Bods. VRE ate MSE OE EO eee WE OMUGAES RAI DiC Lista a: eiofe pole ore rc, oP ee Racieeis SAUTER OE seo eee IP eG Se WOE es Beco HOR ODE eo OOOO SIC ODD OO coe 380 JOOS? WWE SITIGAE pag ABO DOGO OR CONS Oc DE OOS S0 Oeee 380 EVARIAGO Nemes PerT et yest ore ts lavalederalaveus ileiotersrcnscs tel euesl eer darantacter sane ae eheAs 4s 240 Raracon (synonym ot: AtkKansas)) ccc face spina ees ode e'e 47 LEC ISG? IRGUTANOW? IRCCTTOS 6 a SoG ante puse ne ooo ade GOdeOUOr O4 IAG Ae (Gynlorayni@ie MIG) cogadoecdodeGocdoon coobed bode 197 Parka@synomym of sbatic: Spice). va «dyes aks cee ks oars Bee 248 Park” (synottym, of Lone, Red -Pearmatm) so. .2. <6 2. s2<+ Ibi dice MAURO Stice on ARIS O Seo S OURO OTe DIAC MP ae 248 POLRSOINCCD Ci este Tema TEN A Sie iota eth crest Rake ere a eecleesiereroke 197 TPN Se) (C)o, Maegan og a ban OS ar rae aC CEE RECS 248 IARI tars Sek ont s sista te etesctd cio s/t cietelctore ele crows s iste eo eitis, Sse aes 248 Baglinis? Beautyres aa eae oxe as Se ae eo Wee kc anne 248 iParmaind:Angleterren: access cere teenie ee es oe 378 DENG CU Cant hl OST ge Ped OPES IO OH CLS CHIE Os ORONO Oca eee 378 IO ed gy LL) OEE CDE St COOL TEE CRY Etc oe ric 378 [INR R Ve VWGELLLES « fusrcie. vet ioe ei eine eats ciety romntedt te amneen cane PDA SEINE Ie onc ciSe chal cee bie, « ny tinicteveues = Site nicks «Clare Tina we hoes 249 BORSOVG SES WEEE wa:mcz ayats fe nO Rae aaa Sig ete ere eT eters 249 Barernnster 24 pplewn sti coos cise we aione 35 dt Sa eA ee alge II4 IBOTORSOMIS. \SWUGER: shi sie 3 r+ Bad Bx ae apne oto Mew o nn edalae 54 1B ara Ob yc A ee ge ne ee PA MBS SRE yp POLL CNES MC LESSIN On AG oni gd oie Dine Cela roars Eee ee ene PARTE CT NGL CHIN Benya k nis hex sa a oc cies « SOE ae eld a a eA Patterson's Sweet ..... SAG crore cep TN hate ep tater nae ts Settee 54 $53 VOL. II. Isc — | met (nt Lone al (anh (Unt (es STO on Cn Cn ern ep Ls | 334 ComBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE Pave TarEertan WGC rab) 26 eas oops 5 oj, no Sha eiela sale eee PPA WRASWoiai il ctoters 0-0 irs ci Olas ahotaeiele 4 ees ei jare. dare srve, a cadre rajehel ORE 250 Pawpaw) SCegung,” jh. ioacen ate oe aes ots Ser ae oe eee 250 UAWANNE 9 oscars eo eves Sie orate ete ies Gre egelotee ie isla) oo.eie 615 Serene eee 250 Payne Late Keeper sic pe. cad aces ehioe ls 23. ee ee 250 PBN E'S TR CEP ET carscalaven nto faseieatatele lois) ers) 30S). e tee eee 250 Payton 2 esa ae eee en oe eo Rae stacio seo oes ae eee 135 WAGE chico bicosicttiece G2 ro fayla eee a locas Miata eter Paey eo han= (al O.chee a ne een 251 IPRACH (owireal))) worcorce sort tole sich silo oneret oie fai lero lene OER Peach Applesofa Montreal 2c. scmaceeece ee eee Peath “of SK LHTMERGY sai. Sclees » Sis, Seng ole ates ole oe ae eee 251 Peach: of, Montreal s isc. cncdeiaqen oes teen Ooo eee eee | 2337.04 s Eall 2101S) eR EE OO Ye rTOR Cec etc epic aan nao 0S 60 - Peachs Pond. Sweet ns cc hectic hac cheeses ioniiehe coke eens Peach P0und. SWee basco. cithe sister e Ses eal nee eee Pear: “AP ples v5 Goin ods Pasian + 4 Or Oe ee POG LEO Fee Yo st oa ete slste erenortiees PEAR MATIN offi steocsial tales acral Dees aaiel > aici cieiors aaers or het eRe ene 252 Pearmain (synonym of Winter Pearmain)............... 378 Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain)............ Pearman dA ver™ itso depicae asia cme senses eee 378 Pearman Herefordshire ss. sso ss «2 clave 2) poe ions oyeteageenetets 378 IPBARS ADIT ouster cise. cxchonelerosele toser'ns Syane coi Siar © Shersy afekenvaycueTialra eine ed rea Pearsall’s Sweet cd saa ise e se Gis inet Oe ee ee PeareT ree Leth £05 acts Sinise eeteie So avele ahd See core eRe PEASE. "cb -Sin siecsteneree bisiate cleie aleleine oko saho noe 63% Sais Sen eee Pease: WW Gere nbd SS os 8 eS oe ee eR OS OEE Peascoop’ NONSUCE. | <62ec0 co cess ee ene eee Ree Peasgood’s NOn€SUCHin.sctas s 2.5% siectieieaquin, ot 0 ass he Ped. c2ace ges sods clnee ts ean Ce selec ek cake Ae eee 264 P OCH sista’ 6 a cis tos ca Ses lo hatavoas Sinrele seus lo Sime ye Toyahal wet eye eee 253 POC EP aera ree atale raventhe ele cleo eccletol er riot oto eyeleteush exe le ancien 56 Peck: “Pl@dsant fi ek 5s SRO SEG, Bae ele eis eee ee 12, 2A 22258 Peck Ss IPICASOME co Sos UR eRe aise oe le eee Ee 253 DP CCTUAMR CE vers Dill otis io hE Re elaine ae aia ele eTaNe bre eharec TCR er 258 BY At ee ORE OI OOOO AAA OOO SoS 0.6 6c 255 POntER Seed etsnd pce Sea Sees Soe Rilo a edo hee en Oe 255 PODNACR oficac nt tkae ies Sopnaklen Sia cide wes 2's, seaeinle oa 255 PENNOCK Pose Sey core eee be eee sane: eee eke ee eee 17, 255 Pennock’s Red Witte. 22 20 «cee sicceat ole RE ae le eee 255 Pennsyloamitt Cider Fao. 5,50a'o'asntots = ain lajale = aipinis scia/a,ele) eee 311 Pennsylvania Red-St7eGhe trois nies 3c itie.sig 2) )5els 373 Pennsylvania Vaan uere ~ oie ea ace = cveteie win = nein em waite Pipi Mae HEIs ad cla aes oe Rae RE rere Re PB ne Pepin ale IN CO-Y OLR ine ats min ateferwis eiete ee 8 eens haan ea ee 69 . PEPE OR sok os dro Sakon a esis Soda eelee aise a EAT Te ee 140 Pepin Parmun d Angicterre ys 2 - © on ages oo 0 tes vale fhe ee 378 Pepin Parma (0 TAC ois oe olen avataton 2109 “lols wi epretnes £s 378 159 159 159 160 160 160 174 244 125 161 161 244 161 161 162 162 231 15 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 335 VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. TEXAN RSUOLD 08 6 OU ERED CORO ORDER CO Denn ahG ne COMATOSE 184 Ph Page BUSCH CI aie, 21210) +, 8/0i0. 0.60.0 /0ae' 4:0 ne SA Sess oe 6 ee 57 PCH CIEE SMM arr ToT Pie 6) sic Va 8) s.0. 8 3.c are, Sennen sore digiel oihage Oech 379 INT AE OEE CY CLAMO GEG CU BO OOOO O EO TIO COORD DAAC CECRE Oe 21 IAAI. StéCSb. 00 DECC OO CORO ODOE DO OOD CCE Oe ion ei ae 379 IEC TOE 86 86 HO OC O0 UTC BIO OO DOOD COLOR eC ODO POE Ree ore 379 SER eg ORIG BREEN es ret el fepal chet/a) 6) fay aln-8) si clsyars dic sist elaslefeleevesas,o. Gore he 162 POR GN GIA ESENE Oleh tocud 6 cite aleis oe tyes, cceicleleis a dieve cies. see nvedies 162 LDR Va EMU SSE Iserereperet ons exs) cod Salers tary «ous (ares ol cis\eaasel 263 CER UIGR A Menetop oh ohare seohs ea nh ein sVat «Shag wise SHetckeenc GS, © o.8 mR ayeebes Ree 262 VLEs eargr eac PE OO ORe CO re ee OLE AE ea nREETESS 153 EAVES ES COAL 2 0) aC ATCC Seid are ae ototere asciaceo- s 4s. eae 125 EINE MED I Clas oy Neale eto) een RIN os LITRES, WS. 6 (0.5.05, 5 8 257 NPAC Gi PUG IR IES SO bis fot a.2 eins thatety tre wieie,a jain ah Ordo Sosa 4 Sv os 3 SE 257 PINs Beau (Of the? WIESE actin aes secs ove peed wisla Cees 125 330 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL, I. VOL. If. PAGE. PAGE. Pine STUMP $22) 4 cree pepe tees 6 cin + 606.665 ar ok cee nee Eee 263 Piper dca! sea ROR ERR ei ores + a sah odoinn cen ae eee 262 PIPPIN JiS3(JUAl eh eee eins 620 1252 dda entees 62a eee reer 263 Pippin (synonym of Newtown Pippin).................. 146 Pippin, BUlloGietannns oOc «610 ses Sah ela Oemae 6 oo eee 890 PUP DU: TR CHE rete eres 12 'at0 50 5 0:0 '0:5'n farts safe te lee loroile (6 fa,5. 00) ota Te ocala NON 15 PPETTSTO TAUPE DUN sine ins c's bonnes bio eee e ess aes pee ee ee 79 PUES POEL AN ire Boke Sv Safe Gack 8 15a hoa Be a PSI SS BE a el CEI 269 IPAGEG CHAUHAN c ee ik ios Alera EERE CRO REE CEO CCE REET 379 Plodowitha *Caudhija «22%: << su<8 sale sons os sp oo SORE OE 170 Plodomitka Cuadeara .% 2n «cece. ce cecie soaks se “eee 170 PEAT AM PW CLDER asic love 2 fs. 242% Uyove ine ia teisloke ec a Se eae es ieee ele eR one 164 Pl uaVAGAd er. iiss as Cee aa Fe oe Oe Sam PAA EO COE 164 Pomted OPapRea. .cacukase ch veGuk wan sien eet ooo eee 32 Palecat. Poets d ol bes 26g Cece ea ke be oo tenor hele ee 212 POUNCMUS 8 hi. 26 3A ce Road Oded H nln Os SMe Okeke OE RE 219 Pomme: Astachan: sii0 secs v0.5 cies eames cleo see oe eee 239 Romie CAP e cain Fee ces ob 2 ties bie 8 4ee hoes Sea ee 181 Pomme ad Api Rouge......... Pee EAS ob 181 POmMME GAPS 5.0 sends ne sae Sein tei cid wees oe eet 181 Pomme dtAst Onan o33b00entiices sank sete see ee eee 230 Pomme: de -Blenheuts sce oc Searnoe oe Moka eivielelsjeioiee eee 21 Pomme (Ce aGGeiiin.aos tei oye ok cues sh oe Gelso, nak te ee 94. Pomme de Charles sce arses selene 08 ate eid he Bree eee 199 Pomme: de Cur: xcs e0cekined oe Sos sani. coe 269 Pomme d'Ete of, Canadas... ses acces 2 2 ean ee eee 5I Pomme dé Pameuse a. cic aoa steed. sie he Sateen eee 65 Pomme-de Feris nakacc ene noe ses Woes lea een 292 Pomme de Hawthornd ends «222 wods ecde 525025 eee eee 06 Pomme de “LGaRé so i2d 6 ferns Oe es Re Gee Ee II4 Pomme -de. NiG1 Ges nia serene, Seaussenasaccteets ce ie oie\ohe eo eee ee 65 Pomnievde Notre=Dare ino slvcit acto aie cele ee see eee 213 Pomime=d! Ov G0 Ge wxcetire cotets etcre sie HNeyetcieie tone op rtele 154 Rommertde Dransyluaniane aes ee eee 64 Pome POMECUSE: coc wa ape ws eee esee es wiv bos, 4aveda eee eee 65 Pomme. Finale: a soci cactiesap be soon Se sfean eae eee eee 199 Pomme “Grae fewsteiny ass alors shoracate «12)-0'- ine oie: seis oe 85 Pomme \GICO woes as Bae RE De igs ool. egey eee ee eee 264 POMMeCIGTIS Mv Eidsehe sae win wee ee ire a Ee 264 POMME “GRISE FA ios bwin ones Bases noe ealaeios oe eee 264 PommcsGyise WiOr’e cana be vac eeeeers silks hots keke CREE 328 , Pome Groseilese joo che be wad ene enc bas Caser she Lee er eee 253 Pomme We CChe 1.26 tava sc Deke stones Dewe coe ere eee Eee ere 159 POVINCOTROSEP «sean keccnutbecbe teak esow ee Cristi Re eREe 181 POMMENOY Mee coe as to hese es Soe ae eee ees eee ee 184 Pamitie ROYAL iG oie = cbt ebm eine aise oii avd Glee winks ie ieee 49 Pomme Royale. « .. 2c. scen.occees so sie sess ele nae iecenes 49 Pomme Roye (synonym of Pennock)........-++++-+ sive 255 ComMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE Pomme Roye: (synonym of Dyer) is: .2.c.255 6. occeecee ess TOWNE IAL Cire oe ficaie 5, 5 Sid 57S e exalo 10a oom Sa bites tleste ¥ eRe DR Pommewaer ine Wlinols... (hss s8on8 shoo Re oo ake bs ok RS wos OME ONGA rates Herein 6 Sele oS oA. round Reve otaie at bigies aeacd eR A La Ej OMI OM CD REMOMMAC ON soc '5 3 oo ae sO So a OARS wis Keka hoe TRO OIC! CULE DIG etree ODAC tO RACES A Dee ee I8I LONER COMMAS 385 6 ovelidssFiniz 2148 Sse AO REE Ree Sk oS Ree oe FEO Lie ABYC oe ote OCICS TEER RIAA tose ka Eee ee 311 IEOY Te GE AIS GDL tek I AA aa ae Se LR ORT, ea oe 311 WEP ORL TSRE Wp sees eA oh Co oh cic A oh Shot dat dahon chat cheat Obreteiator roan a Her < ced Wa, ie EA OREMAG MERON e Atel ca taje fk ah in 08 LER eo oe STO else wine as 04 OSS UN USMINIGILUUG Are reiart tol 4 os ors te PRE Ne CR Ro Se eae POEL CT ASIDE ECs Been Ga Sc tS oS bie ee OO RR Sg See ek Potters Eange (Grey Scedlng nd victrot.s2ac gees ohne sine PO GLEIAS SISOS CESICECOUUNG taciysc siecle eon COREE tem ee Poughkeepsie Russet (synonym of English Russet) ...... 118 Poughkeepsie Russet (synonym of Perry Russet) ........ 257 Pound (synonyms: ot Mallawater) «.2 55: .é25cessee scescss-. 125 Pound (synonymeor Nickajack)\...0.cseoeen s-cktas te ooes 227 Pound (synonymiof Gloria- Mundi), . a2.cceeese: .acders LOUIE (RARDIN amet 785 hie Oss SR GS POSE AE ACRE RR Pound Royal (synonym of Fall Pippin) ...........6:.... Pound Royal (synonym of Golden Pippin) ............... Pound Royal (synonym ot Lowell) "22. Os osctes onde e es Pound Royal (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) ........ LOM EES MUN LE SH a tReet ies ee eco atkellsl kato ge weradie Conte eee IE COMIN SN WEE Tole oe ectsiaiave ehh gh eta siess VBA Saat ae are eae CS 266 Pound Sweet (synonym of Moore Sweet) ............... 219 Pound Sweet (synonym of Pumpkin Sweet) ............ d EOE STC AS A ear oy a7 a a LO eT Prager Reinette Franche de Grandville ..........00.00-2.. 264 PEROT E, SORTS Niet die SN ie POR A De hoes a ae AME Or ee 266 PRATT GS WEET Sea ctye es Sates Sooo ie aa ee ene eee 266 President Napoleon sic 5 sen. cue -aeletat on cee eee Pride off GeneSeemse: sonar con cee ee IRridesoprHids 0ijmsse mec ciate teh ee 2 Pride Of: LOGO Sr cts er None AI ee een 337 Pride of, the: Hudsomias sa concotins s:tisew sobs ORC es 62 ARIE STEVel seis: srdtees. 5 Fas Sake roe TEA ere aA eee 267 Bre Stley 0.0 :3.5 sees a rosa eda wane Oe hee Saesee ee Soa ea ae 267 Priestley s: American ih seek cits gus sna owe tees nee nee 267 IPRENEAT Ee. 55/2 s5jo 2 a8 Cape MOOREA cee SEIS sala SRR Roe BRON Bas, cee SOs Seats 5 SOA OR eae cee Tee sb tke ees PRINCE SALBERT) sco rorce eae eter Nee are wae aoe nc eee ee 268 Brince Alber bs (ane \neean ates ct es bode ansae ot kteee 268 PFE EB USWVOR IG tan SEM Rar hatal tare Wadohiitatertote Bis! aichalan ae vatcior Princesse N Obleasaacoteaet + deic.o8 oo Urea ne kk bs oie Rin ate 142 Prmceiay Wialesicnsseanaes cae ene t.acne eae K akan wach 73 167 240 19 21 338 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. Prince seb arly TIQVUe ste hoo os nals dns ne'e © anit el PPVINCE SHEA OFUIESE asc Gdier shoe o.0)s) 00) FD. os DD eee a ae ee iRrimce:s Large Pippin. of New) VOrk seco ee cee eee Prince's ‘Large Red and Green Sweeting ............+0++- Prince’s Red and ‘Green SWeet o2 5.0.05 c.c'00.s a5 oy 00s se Oe iRninces Viellow Al anvestaruaneeten 6 ose ee ene eee Princess: LLOUtse: 5:2 ee Sern sete Saleee Rous aie sk ST OE Primgessin=Ap fel: .dscs ocr creetne Sore oie Sno Hochst) SE Payor Ss uate TCA Sane ee Been Oe yoni noe 269 PHONES ARE <5 Sayed dio tacavesthorors dies Ne Soe 8 NRE 269 PROLIFIC) BEAUTY | diya teres nomtocseas 6 ocrsiminedarnecjeten teeter 16 Proliitc Beauty (synonym ‘of Pennock) ...............9-0eee 255 Prolific Beauty (synonym of Blue Pearmain) ............ 80 PHOUAC SWCCE oo carers Pee a wetoe See Melee EOC ee IPROLIBIC “SIWEETING) vec Svsisiavs pisos s1stais, oaeeivis atch enncayas eee one ae ee PY USSU Nix ao hisras < asad Sropektiehe soi ove aes AOE SE Le RIOR: gsi sl She orene Cone on ee Cee 269 IP PYORARCE © ole - Sis winsdray bya, dale Bei asotee Bale eapree cele e COO E eee 269 PY OP'S PCOTINGIN Meio Boj0a shad 0:0 Del sees GO Oe 269 PTVOK-S REO oa een 2a ie tee ae he Se 142 ED I Un etIn gs We iee ncaa 2 eos Belatoe Role eons} Sc EEO 142 Red. (ads Hangin. 05d oe 2 ere ak teen e ee pa 183 Red Limberiwie es decre cet wie stes micle See Bee ee eee aCe 193 Redlijig. i Vode seac eee cute sea Aa COE IOI Red Neverfail? sicnnitasee ute ces cmi eer snc ee eee Ore 271 REGO OM Beak iaes Cates renee Ce aE Lee 255 Red Pearman (synonym, ot Kaighn). > s225ee6-ce anes 113 Red Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) ........ 125 REAP CROCE eee arta ete She eeeyos ood Banjo ek iese elon ele Heke 255 Red Phenis (synonym) of Kash) 44.445 Tr Red Phenix (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) .......... 125 Red Pippin Csynonymor en Davis)... eee eee 69 Red Papbim (synonym ot Nickajack)) > ...-20 2.0222 eee 227 Red Pippin (synonym of Streaked Pippin) ............... 321 Red Pippm (synonym of Kaighn) 4. 5e- 2 d0+ sees os eee eee 113 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE Red Pippin (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) ........... IRL AI ATID Dhseid SUAS Cio ACEO CR DCEGCE DRO OOOO MD OE SoG aoe 64 TSHR ELT ETO TOMA NEO ODO ICR OE. OO ELD CD USACE DORE Doe Red Pig PRUs SRUCETMM Gina cra hots Aol eeePteio te ere REC TRCNMELL ERE. octet Oe alata Te due ten oul akarse a er hee Pees CEO MINO CR Apia ce laren ct Relcte hale eta aeherotae bee ne ie Ae eee 188 TREN kal AO HOT ee ee nee ORO oor Gach Gonceduce 289 iRedcRonvantteror Ohiowscetsso- cirri toe een eee 138 ED MIMUSSET Ay send Seite ae eee ate hin) arr aN aa OL eee 278 Redo russer (synonym! OF Pryor)» 2-5.1jety.c ron seater nak ois Pe 269 TGORERS RO DSU Pe BB GOOG URE ROC ORE DOLE ESE ORL OOe IEDR OTBERTA NS (¢Crab) pense scts cis race sieiocast. lias so eaetrret te arate Red Spitsenberg (synonym of Kaighn)) ..2.2-.-..---2.-<- Red Spitzenberg (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) ..... Red Spitzenberg (synonym of Richard Graft) ........... COUN SPULS CH DUR Ga airetagett ke Oa Sais ea ashes OOO ee ERO FRIED SURE AUK eng ec PAPO ne ee kre tebe ete iatame tester al Teena a MAC eae 278 TREO ESHA OH dee Earshot ee eR OETCR MPR RSET EC ORIOL Cece teat 27 IRCUSS ACG EL DUO Beds 3 Ac, COE AO OO DEO OOS ODEO Lon bis one 219 ICO SISTA AO DESOD. op Ne Boe oon Booted CO Ob ab oo Ubiaoeuo Soc 333 NSD MARRAINTS PAREN Dub secest eer eb nah ef tay ned a eon Ny seek Se apN aire Table alee aera Red Transparent (synonym of Vineuse Rouge) ........... RODE EYEE SOE) wWEN MY s OWN GES. sore o-c'o ceea ste ns ears tens cua tao ee RED TYPE OF WESTFIELD Seek-No-Further..........0c0cece0ce- 366 ICC MVATHMERTUCKE pital Mere a ocd Rees Rios Snes DA ote ee UCCOGIZONDEUere’s tora cee Osh ke oe Soe SOT ODOR eerie 312 RC ORI AOUILO Parts sorter Nao cores HT tn I ee 227 ROD) w VNGUNIE rere eet teretttre ssh a aevak oper cc nike sieiainva sathcies Moses Braet eens dN al WA DIG BS cca PERG ORIEL Y co ero EOE IOI RIED ERIC eae 276 REDS VWVINTER Pe BAR MATIN ayer een aver Sante oencicue ere aueA re ie ae 183 Reda inter Pearman) sche docs od oak os lee ae Fe ee 279 Red Winter Pearmain (synonym of Westfield Seek-No- d RTA A EL ee IE eee OD eS OE IDE ete DOO Ab ODAC A cache 364 Red Winter Pearmain (synonym of Kaighn) ............ Red Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain).. RED WINTER PIPPIN ..........- pie e eee cee e eet e eee e eens 183 Red Weiter * Sweet inn apeinconn eg ao ae ee 219 TEREBIESIV Pay ero St oeretegs eiccsty edu ecd d aylate Sayrake is Graded te rape ere SoA e rae ae arL MAT (Reindelles iE Or Be > sho ditee ace oct tl etronae Soeroe re Oe [RUUD ae Bi RAP Aeita cae ton tno. ben pipccintiicon coe te cur 279 iRemettesayfeuille dtA cuba scoc cso ann oor oe eee 52 iRemeierA Gobelet. otek ae pobre ae a eae iRemette bellerde BOSROOp eee ete seen peer INCinette BIGKCHE = Abeta eso ee leak tel et tare cee Reinette Blanche d’Espagne (synonym of White Spanish RSTTVE REED) > 5..c,6 Sos Fea cbs eee Nee SPER ee OIE Set oI cen va Reinette Blanche d’Espagne (synonym of Fall Pippin).... IRemnetie Canad ar. seein care ae oe Oe ee ee 94 Worl —=27 341 VOL. II. PAGE. 125 175 175 83 203 264 113 125 186 113 182 233 229 231 182 IT3 125 183 175 241 25 241 241 . 62 342 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. Resmetie Carpentin 12). 205s scece Juans bone fd ee eee 96 eimetior de BIEN rpc spec 2: cess oe o's osteo vs oes ae 21 IRCIMEELE Ae: GOEW AE Herve a(eushe) 210 ocoroi'e(0 10°81 0 e sougisto ore 04 HReinette: de CONG a erat cuss t fos niece hos o)< 2th are eet ee oe 94 Remetie de Canada aCates 25. foc ainis sn wns 04 coe ee 04 RGINGHE dE GAUL s setee eMedia ty hie Ee eR Ee 114 Remette-de* Darnetdlaman. cee enone cee ee ee Oe 264 IReimetia: GE SPaene’ cereus cena oo) See ee 241 ReimetigedsH ollawd: Sacre sec tsar We tive sos) ode ee see 161 Reinetterde tEand spent ae esi eens Gee io eee ee eee 119 Reimetterde New Vion! escctec ceces oa heh res Sore 146 Rewmmetiesd Or oe wn. e oe Pee ee oo nS So Nee Se Ee 114 VEIN CLIT UE ALL OUCT aac ssisibrs 5 Gals i Davee = te ele eet e ae eee 184 Remetic DOree 2c... iicates 20 aero iale wusepare) shasoiegeiers sishele ere PRR II4 Reinetiendu Canada wre. cogs ems lee ome ie ere Re 04 emetic (du sCanad an KC ortess sen. sen eee eee 04 iRemettiesdu Ganada Blanche... 48-0 eee 94 Reinette Grenade Anglaise ............ oie 1c eae ee 184 ReincticdG riser: eine on ad wee oe ne EEO 264 iRewmetie Grise Brownlees . vac ac as ie oe ls oh eee 86 Remette Grise de Warned m.- es 1262 oe eck eee 264 Reinette. Grisca OW Ney. dcrcveret-fosieieys eer eke eee ere 265 Remette:Grise de Grandule = 2 ocios: ose des oe eee 265 ReimetiooGrise Gd Hitters ace nec. cence eee 265 Remetie Gist. EGG coiinc se tc vdans 0b See eee oe eee 265 Reimetie.Grise Pramchatsé 222 ween os Ao on estes oes ce eee 264 Reinette Grosse de Angleterre sa. on. sce oe oie 04 IRemettexbandsSGerne cin emotee tien oir aise ke eens 119 RENE TIC MIAUD SRE ernst. ora eke ecto aoe lao oo a Hise 130 Reinette Monstrueuse ........ be Sais s,2 cites nee OEE 25 Reimetie, Monsirewsecde Candda 27. 1c ae\1+ 21) t- tere 04 ReimnetigiO ranges de COs ha. ses or-toekns ats cies 42 Ret E MP EDI. sainjote aie e eeernibroie loco. oicltse) + s:s, S cceenelele oareeets 280 REEN BLUE SC URBIN AA eeer eee ocho sin che oh ne aoe ana seit sto SE eee 280 Remetie? QUars CUonicadc slowness nnd aes 3 she oc.) o sue a 142 VEC An AAT SCG LA Ran Ae OCIS OCIA RON aC OE PATE OCIOE 00-0 0°50 - 241 Reimnette toute iG Hse. tans fen - vies s seins 2 Oo awive ate eee 265 Reinette von Canad wr.s cias od Revie Seis ote Soe 04 RicinetteouoneVlOntiont res nce san cite eles toe ees AR CUP Ree NMC eMC wasnt ca alae ios ates stain tele ereke oe ae 282 VET ed SLOG 21, IO MAA LORE A OAD DOO DUS OOO OOO 00.0 130 | Paya Sty ah aaa a RO IG RAC Ry oR eis PIM RAN aes Dar Seics oS biate o foro’ 6c 183 RAE PICA IVIATUENICAY fae teletee, Se oo cchaneua: fi deans «tate ene pote alts lohele eye renoockeneteee 281 ICM OWIE TOMELE on ec Mae Fae Daten Belahes taht sd encle ocean 213 [ROSATO SHINAI TIO Garten oo odoe Roe aoaaebgds SogeuDonddco Op d< 19 IPRRIAISHOG spoon po0de Cd Ob CbSD DBAOUC COdOon bod Hanon Ton C00C 248 IRAN Toe JEPINUD, 44.08 Ae 090940044055 Ne do ds coon bone SO dco oC 233 RWode USIGH ds eek once eerie EA MM eho Nae Soyer eters 282 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. 343 VOL. 1. VOL. II. PAGE. PAGE. RHODE ISLAND Greening ............00. WAL WG, ilo), 17h ats, MO), AL, Aske, IREHODESISEAND NG reenti cm Groupee terrae ten cine cinerea crete 2 WOM CLUSION EP IRUSS E Barents tet iciora Taser, ae Tene e ties aye eh 257 Rhode lsland Seer-No-Further 1. sce ee eeiei) seis eel 130 NOC eT STOMA WU OBER ee rors cers in c10ie excl era eTeao adele oC 172 IAGO UM OUR Gal er teue cick eraicier ts ne chet ako xeins Bee ee Ce 39 IAD EAGAN OME. od asc 8c crave eae cas reeled a Mea elena 197 UDC MEAD PANY 3s wits acts ye cs as Suanerg are See een ake ie ee cie eeo 83 IRTIRCINKOTS Ra etom ao Droge Saati DinC BORO DMO Eonar I GoBCObS oD aonintT c 17 184 ISOS TAT Be tia tno G OCC RTO LOU O EEO HERE GUS DeOo oad aeo oe 184 RAD S TOMEI IAD PUM © pet teXeras oe, Dagens Oe OEE OE OE Ne Oe ks 184 RADSTOMMIAED PUNE a custo rer eccvena id < eVone tiescyoiar ere eraboel eve pocbeeee eters 184 RVOSTOMMELD Diltaeoie eect one mone iGEe Ene 184 ASU Gols Fades och cRel crac: RIDE IOS RIGO OCP Oc or mane biat,ooe 186 FAT ECARD of GRAIRT A ch, caieharayeiohs to: siecle ects, eyaisinie aha otetedee ti Mtckaeeanaae tea 186 TSICHARGSORIS: sICOO! Fata vie sia Matera ie San aroateeS ge) eee eee oe 66 RACH Held INOWSUG Hees oe ose a eke cs Bee el REE 276 RAGRINGNTS Rede tee oe Braaicios adcisu esc euieee Cae SOE Eee 227 FRING Hepes SVS Roe cca ete pale oco chee es Ptotera hata nic esata otctelere heat rate 287 Radigem (Synonym Ore abStom))-\ circ ce cricreeeren tater 184 I ROOKERY LOSERS GE CUO COCO AOD OH DCO AUD OC Oar. 287 RACH Re eas Mee Pale oeVerovcee Sia lare Liste oe Sie aleaioe's GNA ete eae ee 183 ERED PEPAD CW tite ot terarlone aes: a nnois indice Baers yey cates eee ee 85 IRCBYG) SOLE. ies Site hos CREO COE UD OOS COT OE Out 184 RODUIVS OMVew iar onsets a) sieieia: essynolsiis Sle Sows Syaisisls dvelGiatelaKCieeeleletoeanee 316 IRGAYGNS” 8 op SRNR ERIC iors OES CCE ROE IE CLIC CREEL acne OBE oe 289 ROG eae Ap Pe x. aera ceo cate TE =) aay laadel a) Sea\eih.0) Sena safate tele ie @ toa asa 188 TCO GRIMES IR USSEE ioraistsla)s:0),4's)0. 8 biel sara waldisidtee de, oehe Halos as eee 184 ROG Kem ERE ENG Oita oP Pe cre ekcia oa cis) #16 sVd «nie Wha d'c? wieteie b Sierel via bia acta 288 I LOE 6 IRCA G a ROG OOO SOMO ORO OIDE SE OOO Creo Afi TROGRMERANUIN ONL. Sestak are talesciiste rouse teens lates ion arch eT eNNeee 271 ROG VIAN CABP Gls tara oo iairapstion hacei=. 6 ac.0| os ohare tee slare tote roretisete 203 RR OEBIE Shenste ey cia iar tare cial le Cut sya) rate ei Sie cre an duleigan sais Seems ee 187 ROM Cea ns crete phat Seer efor SCE sackets cic roe Ceara eee wie ES 67 LO MUGI Ls COULY a ral a Nore, oe. leases Sion Vprecin G MV HONE TA Mier ateras o) 'a's 200s ofa. 3 alaial2 Salas ove. oyave e's Scmnatinre IBiVNBUNe aye bb ood 000 ho GD UC OOD ORME DODO DELD por SCARIER SO WANIBERR Varaeuern teeters ei atcreia clcua ceva aici etaiare si cotarslcleiensl etal Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of Kaighn)...........-...... Scarlet Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain)...... SenniipriPaamppee oo 6 cionobh Ubo> So dO OME tbe BOG aR Cn OrSorn EOOnDInT SEL) RTE RBIS Ge ote to CIEE OER EDIOS OG 0 ORO EAE SeITICT ORT SGM AMLORLEMEMALEWA GOLD Gaertn evo custoisicicis 101s) <) 2 «ele sole ovens “ici eye SyoisionyNere Ly a aeadhan oo sn odcd Guo abo Sebo oO LOD ORD oon OUeTOr DOs SGHANCY DOMED OSPOOD Ie Nata lee ors ciera whe calais'ajels ss © speieierrnace Sia OO TARA BUF Son bo bo ba 5 OCA OURE SB UON DED DEO cane SAUCOTIO HOE IEOR TOD. 5 5005008 DOOSODGUOOCOCe DD OUSOdeUU Ot S GHOONIMIAIGER Gina adeno rte ciel srsiciclre oevsusieleisis. avs.ci orale cles siepeiershate SCHUMER E SWEET etait eternitevcicncisksiersiacisiein socks er hsiciel .oleln wiereceee SAPRRGHe GNIG! 355 obbo dvdog ond un pO Us na OGUUCTOOO UU DS OG SEOELOP GIRETFLO WER) 2. cvci) oe ys oe ES 225 SS PELSEIID WH Eis ttt rig mis etanava te Rina eae cae Ol Elst ee opet eco Ae 314 Spitzenburgh (synonym of Esopus Spitzenburg)......... 121 Spitzenburgh (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ...... 225 SEG HOM AAN INCITS Te oiogiid boo atdoo moro poe cuob aS ob su oe 225 SPRING) SUPP TAN masyauesnes cancer Seaian-Pomevelee co Wakes alle) ool eae oetinaasc Setee opel eee 314 SPEED OLE Soe cto eis ao ekla PO On Daa Rode em eee 314 SVAN SHOE PAP Pisa ee eh re ress ls eotree oat araie talons sweet 314 Pc rece cee tata scart e cea apt eee ws sstlle viailare ke t-2 ecS mau a onan 229, 315 Staalclubs (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) ......... 225 Staalclubs (synonym of Vandevere Pippin) .............. SHE GICHDSN RRA ciebrostevraiatehs srthalnia Ue ieee, Cheha coe ae eee QHLG IOGear rt eNO hea en As tp ORES RSAC OOOO Obi. boo STAINVARD EL sett ratcds ci7 re anc ede tiers ieicece cai lo ers ree eae Oh ROT ere ae 315 Sianand’s: Seed lin oF 2.8 aicjn eats tis cpm cil son tal ete ee 315 HAS TOOT Neg POAC ts eee ties Bang PURER oe RIO i Ns 4 oc 315 SHINN Sy SCOCMUAG. » hoster ategsls 0.0/8 avs alee ela ene sae 315 SHO oa oos AEA Se rater Perri a CEO REI Een eR HERG elD bo. 6 316 SPAR REV Pace ce ec lake cies a a taka apes do Uae aime, a eine ie SOL pe a boy de rice tts Ser LO SLT a oe ATO RIO BIOIS oo ao oc 316 SMARSALZADY ANPP cacteetoretearcssreueveaeto) that otaterel ee sete ov ore c ofa eee 182 STEAD bec ae eee ceaceete eo iets ater ore ah te le Saag he) erclsoust Ieee OO SAY MM av ache reine = 16S niefe os wave ws knah al sre cialis eyeiecce 318 SOV GIE SOY CMESEP Caltiae wleteie lie pinta estate 2 os cide ae 318 STAVANCANIAIV VGINIEG AP te teaticr rae ty, nailer Serie arias cesta OC eee 318 SACI CS FRED. eck cane oot ton le wtae sig ova alisha raca, obs iow!) 9 Syoters, aaNet 324 Steele’s Red Winter (synonym of Baldwin).............. 56 Stecle’s Red Winter (synonym of Red Canada)........... 276 Steele’s Red Winter (synonym of Sutton)................ 324 OY PARE UCD) RA nt AED GR Oy Ue OIA RE ORR eM CS 276 SEPIA Wecnh reve cea veteteler spspatias eta. 0.5 Sle wile dss Gin dion lo vane ot visa Yup Neda 158 SUG MAG: IBOMIODOI. Boa d bid os o0rpapouoDbodoopobauadoueL 81 SHCRIMANRA MPCSOLCWMAY Os 0:23. seis nse Wieiele 5d) anes ae aia see IS TERTUN Garret tor Pee PE Tere rity oss PAC aCe ToL Se Cee es 319 SLCHINE ABEAUIN ee ie Bele aL is selec ee OG AS 219 SLU PARDON bo BSR tere oko Oe oes Oa ore nara het 114 VOL. II. PAGE. 30 204 30 220 168 60 204 231 231 230 230 205 206 195 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. ST TAG LG al AOL RRS ASO BOLG OTIC CIEE NCO COOTER ao ar: 197 SUCTIETAG INLD OTAGO se aed Gane roe DOR Te mune CeO CoG SULTAN cetasseioc SAC GO IG ETO EC RIO O RE AIRE ROG AIO RS oe S DMTE TS IGANG p AIR Vor sratene sicitertanc ths cote, ctetianc, ae he ayor Aevemereveos oasis near aera SUN TEGT Ree Od VECO SOR, OME TRS He RENOIR Oe ei: SVU POOR ROE OE Sis COT ea a OL RA age gee 197 SSI Cp IRIEL EDM ace ace elarRn Siar item ioe snags vera Meee eh elacarae hace SION ¢ Ca ee Se ci pO opin Cmca cae Core peapremico Brie oe o2/ er) Stone (synonym of American Pippin)................-..- 45 Sit Onan GaSSelemeclteivetaers ice a\cic tiene ane cae een ee teeter rere 114 SLO Meee CUS SCLRC HCH Mapas ekvo etal salieVneararars tsts archer oeror ae A eee ona II4 SHOES AGL Sie boro C8 RO ATONE eA Miche toe mele bie 197 SALON Mens PACKS oP N cess shearer cosy fouc soe ayehvn foals weir shah otine- 2 salons ase oiet 321 SSUOIERO NEL IUIIa Raia tncle S Od nC Oa Oeanenc atin enc on 321 NIC ama yh eR tary ck eee iteiy faire week ice Artec) Smee ea, Strawberry (synonym of Sops of Wine)................. Sivawberry, (synonym of Chenango). .....2....0206.+.00< Strawberry (synonym of Late Strawberry)............... Sivawberry (synonym of Richard Graft)..........<:..-- EAM UIC Pep Vine sroe retaesfor cle Sook vsollela" 3! Gioks, «idl p.s slecd aitliane a one co alehael aaa SiRoATny IIPS, “aale Sito cten aoe end Octo mic eo Do micacec nhc ¢ 321 SOP CUMPASIUIMOKED Anee e re cits vorstelel ow cis. a: sieiw atone castecuninlarcrervoiode SERGE. ACUTE CRE CE POOH SCTE TR Geos SGRUPEDMLVANN EUS Bue -vreeberyaye cccisiet os as Arete we. sis alas ohn eushece ets SURTPED et Gallo Lite OWLERW ts eivaieare oo) acs ye.oe ee ook Ae est 1G G ahekeleie a ale causes 16 SUG) IAI REBSIE- 6 o6:60 8'o COO OOOO Rn tren COLO One Oe DSLMUD CC MRILLILE CLI Cimento 20s. I aie crave, nats iztel cies acti piers Stsvaln reves oe Siriped Pearmain (synonym of McAfee)................. 197 Striped Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain)..... Sede OUMOENCWEO Rie eisai asiscerociale sh oe a els Gaus ween eeeen SHAUL ARCH TH OO aa 8 Gordo 0.ta Go DOES ORI CORE CIC caer anTe 278 SHG IRB UPTO on 6.80 Gero OS O DAE COCO O REDE OEE ee eno uae Striped Rhode Island Greening (synonym of Domine)... 109 Striped Rhode Island Greening (synonym of Wells)...... 363 SHGG! SIO PTW Osoti8 6B OB BORG OA AOE ECO IO ETO SERIPEDASWEETUNGE tri emer cairn faleie ros tees geste cisat sneer 16 SHPNOG!. SHAG PUM. eg Oo Bead la OR Coe oo RCO T 197 QUANG) WAIOIGANGAD * os oboewade Db horde SOOROABD OC CDOD OODOC SiripedaVitinter Pearniaiie. ache eines side ies sjeicid s bieualelele o'er « 197 SHO 3.5 ce gaan Go.co to oh Ge ones SIS ce nn Co Renee SW AOE *o ARIA PRO CNTD BICLO D.C CTV SETA ERCRCI Ro ERE aE TEENS STRODER ONE MUING EVAR RE Aa e rs initieh ctva aidisicla-es! oe ive mad dersiataetnae SUALWE S Gao cto bo o SaO RC DONC od OC na Oe IRC coe ODE SoD UMN STEMI eat mie tals els. 6 ee aleys wisid.d 0 «4's ofee ale « Sarelaieha SHAAOLU WIC AA BO BSA CO CORB DOOD EDUCA OEE OI ree Bae SU OLLT le: GOR Ooe Raon AOR ES CSE aCe Cr se AS ELA TE BA eee ences encore leis bi evel ei asalclaley diacalefauets 323 349 VOLeEEy PAGE. 112 207 207 207 55 231 208 208 208 208 208 350 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOLE: PAGE. Siuares: GOLDEN sere scnc 5 20 29% odo oe be tao ee Dh Ree 323 STUMP Lr erie sc eee Cnet shee als ee eer ioc cod] 65 - Stump (synonym of Stuart Golden) ..:..:...°.......ssmee 323 SEVEN S: Fes sds 25s Soseeue wrote ames s tts ae sss san ee eee SOVAMIUS we eisleis's 3.5 Fc.e aioe HOS Ceo AIG. ee yh eoelleson esE yh Re fo encase Roe EER SUPFOUK. BEAUTY ~ ic cis.d care ccis stew cio oareel eae on 0s Sarees CER Sucar Barbel.- > cxocos sio0ce.e okt cbs 64 else ees eee 61 SUSIE PP EP ccs travian moenerne Satie red Saale costs Ae Re ee Ee Summer Belllefeuns <2 occ cemoee oe casise bee ep eee SUMMER BELLFLOWER® 2.5.50 -i5 ene fae sie ow at tes oe Summer Bellflower (synonym of Autumn Bough)........ Summer Hagloerer.: isu. sasses hats os. dee Sooke eee MERE SUMMCTOUT CAs Ae sinncdies 22 oats seve Aen OOo) o oe oe 227 SUMNER’ PEAR MATIN cou ous seed sales ood cine ane eee Oe ae eee 15 SUMMER: PIPPIN 2 £5: snscetlncuds ne aie San acre ere a OSE ee nen II Summer Pippin (synonym of Champlain)...............- Summer Pippin (synonym of Fall Pippin) .............. Summer Pippin (synonym of Holland Pippin)............ SUMMER \OUREN oe: crete rscatein'olecore ata la 2 sind byte tne ROR eae! 16 SUMMER) TVAMBOR sc. Abc ticea ods, 6 aolek arse oeiee ere ie ane eee Sumner Rambo (synonym of Grosh)............-.....«. Summer RAOMBOOUP : cc .02s ss o0e.205 tot omsennae + Ome SUMMER SRIEDSTREAKS © 5 ay sfersteraencralciavacnceeie ever sieyshok creel oust RoR SUMMER ROSEHS aAv sien se crncco are Sesspeaaie ee ere. oa eee eee 15 SUMMEP RUSSCE a. 5 na, deahs ays « i Ne a elas adr) Ae RTO Summer |SPITZENBURG (aiis,n 9 cebu citere 4 sce ee 2 ee Summer SpisenDurgy sxc . celeste. ale vaeie ais Cael eeeeeeee SUMMER SWEET, 44.00 62042229 ben eee anos eee eee Summer Sweet (synonym of Hightop Sweet)............. Summer Sweeting (synonym of Summer Sweet)......... Summer Sweeting (synonym of Hightop Sweet).......... Summer Ur avellervod.s.cacd s6130 00 ate ae doe ee eee SUPEHIOK VACHE) | pciciajers chee Soke Se od Powis sei SOTO Ce Sussex Scarlet Pearmain ............0000% illo ie eee 379 Susy CUR: .ucetaweledaterel darne wie sila) ded aoa ee eee SUTION tate aeics satchhs eee ee oe aC? ect Groce 32824 Sutton Beauty (synonym of Dumelow).................- 112 Sutton Beauty) (synonyin jor Sutton))-s. 526-45 see ee eeeeee 324 SWINSODRG «4. so: d.lta dod tdad 6 ti Sessa Heat eea eee eee SW:NAR cet ere eens a ercran MN yials Se p AnNNee eeae 15, 160; 17; -18,-320 Saar ADP le ne Gass Shade reve wkend aja eres SA NS en ee ES Swaysie Pomme Gris ooh i ssetis sacde os 5 ces oclein- eee 328 SWAZe. oc. nh dda oe Dass Jade ood l cds et pees dens Baas 328 wWaysie Pomme. Grise i. ..5 20% 48s. tea baie nent eee eee 328 SWEAZIIE Heicrous srcte ate etn oso Mena Asay Aiclise sea sy oraus MeN ana SPIE EPL oS 328 Swasie Pomme tGrise (a2 325 tsa sas seas fale au bess ene 328 WOALVESS Le OMIMEN GTS + oa oe ayo eo ee Oe ee 328 SWUGEY Seba s Pealh tr ata Va Ra Said ven tee ela pure a aaa ORS NerNS 328 VOL. II. PAGE. 209 I2I COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE SS ZEEE Ne EA OMEN AGHES We patch a asta) aot Susie ore sil aya oh ah2 acd uh Se laste we 328 Swedrsmeborsdoniotepbattenec sce cere SWEERPANDRSOURR acts tirciaecie ha tne Soe eiate ter alsle erate 329 SWE DOUGH wre N aha otareretercied-tleue ve idan SSIS oe ones re aN 12,15, 10 SWEET VAIO ETIPPENGin levers icraiecssetss ovetore ssiots cela -ayensiecta «ous evecalavorereteiye SOC EOC LIETIIAO © OOD Goo SDan oS natn ooo aust voc SURED GREE MENG i raetstotoiee ee sis area's cit fara a’ aie bo eee aaa [5T, 331 SWIGG id alG GS BIg eto COS OC EO nD Gunman ctonncic oon coc ES ECE PPTL CR AIS ASAIN Sos oes laial ted ate chaate ee ove ate ee Sih aie) ae SS So ab Door OS EEE PO mtatE ipeeaaCrthia prota c 333 CUE ELEMIS AT MINPICUW. ac) 0is o's solo: o's leis slaeforats:« elototot aS ofebatlte LUGE ACLDCNS MESH wa raias ho. atk die ojo Sata Nem G te Beene ae Ne QI S202 GEM Ee CAN IILOLINE AAEM a cre! ois fave e anclavcedee avcronde eke ARNE Sohele Sea 333 Sweet Pippin (synonym of Moore Sweet)............... 219 Sweet Pippin (synonym of Hog Island Sweet)........... SURTAD IOUT sei5 bie cos COE IICr OOOO OBOE ob Ee om oeo cot Sanger IRivode USlernd (GRCCRUBE Boacebonadaccdcocoonccob occ 331 SWEERMRIUISSETue ace meryten wei srictelst asin, aelcotene itonmtepat etaieve Acie oe ee 333 SWEET U SSE Dy aie er tseraiclctere.c er one id aicnese saad Sue odicke: elas ys, easier Sweet Russet (synonym of Pumpkin Russet)............ Sweet Russet (synonym of Cheeseboro)............--.-- SUsGOrS:. IEIGFUGSE — SoS O RCSA eB OOO roto cuD abou aolcracicc Saneae: SHOOGE™ BAGS OGIO OCC COE En EOI SCOR NYO ceaion 306 SEBO OTOO CaCO d CO OO na cant SS WPIeNI MULE BRN AIP ete rcteyert errs ca.c'c2 ie. tale nie/es 3, Rha die a's als aa ones 333 Sane: WTAE SO) o oh Ob DOO CODIOS OCI ORO 2A ae Ho Aeon 333 SWENIKISR MME So: os SOROS ee aia ais Ove. Gree ereidca are eveceodians a ott @eelamaee 335 SCH S JEN ROOSE. bo ib ooo bd Da BOO OAD IATL GOTO OSE. SUHMIGE Gbidgaald a dcldorne HACC ROR EDO ORO Re alae rac SULTS OWS Cas Pinole oD sions eal vo eisinusie odie, ae ase Crores PSL Zs a recess ree oes anid eaters Salo. aNo-cid wisi bs lepave ete ie! S’shvie Mate el ove QM ICM SSCI MEN patel scl tae n syria soe Rein Heide vide oie eee 204 SWEVESER) tarctons tosis) seoneiscreters crereie eels, Sake spe cicieis uve he aia sinciseiteies UGUEOV Bee o0 6 Ad86 080 TOU COUR OIE On ORO Oro oe LECH OOLES ISOGO? (6 wOG 0 cloic a DONO OUD EID IRI ea Oa ort 343 RCL IMGVAS LU CCL er eT Oe ara wlah oo sve hielo clays tolls. shere/e rel oieiets 343 OCU SIUVRTIE. 4 5odd ood Oba oso e bone Cae ao oc BHO eto e 343 TEOANOED: Bok Oe lb ol och, ota DUD OD UG BORD OEEC aiee IEIe IGN ED AVDA ane 6 Ua Dee CO SOU ST EAE IUD SOD E SOO OORT ICC UGGS JEOYVEL. 2166 oc ce Stabe ol Ob One Oeae toe COICO Oior rc TE GUGLES SUGGD Bee COREG O Co OOO I IE CA RIERA toon 343 Raat SCAG? co bo blobio hole o bbU DOD OD OIC CRITE RoC ANI 343 iGlAM SMSCUCEMMG* cance ete eas 5558s dae ioa sine ee wanes 343 MAGS CUCE ILC a As os doh Sees sass Steet Gag hae eae 343 DOVES TWN & dias OUR IOS GOGO BDO UA DIODE DO COCO IGE cic Tart Bough (synonym of Early Harvest)................ Tart Bough (synonym of Champlain)................0.3. TART SE OUG EM Aas Vaasa eA OT oo Ge 6d oye 46 opie. vo emiey initia Wels 351 VOL. II. PAGE. 212 121 121 218 220 239 128 128 128 45 51 30 220 352 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE DEUSNINOUEN, ect oro cere.aicios.si0 #9, 01010 6 e vies a,b ia] eR Dee NCR ees oP sees oes o's viaje. ¢ ss 3 eS eee SEC eee 206 Pennessce Early. IREd 25 5.. cste's wise ds ais 2 6 en atane ee oe RENO SEL UUs erat oo. carat a, diaharans oieit ev ese SA wie ote ate eS RO 67 eK ays IREDSIFCOR 52% 5 pee oie win a sin asl vale Ss oe Dee 273 IRAP Ea al ht NE res Eo RCE AICO f.5O00 c Tete CEO GHGE caitsce eee aioie a ste stehaves octets a0 2 DoT C WCLOT SRY: io acclsic ila, 0 suo ogo on ecipinned ae 41s leks.) ee ae hetopska (synonyimot, ily) eens. 2s -< as aoe eee dhetofsk: (synonym of Metotsky)> ca. 0--- ieee ae MERTORSIY 03 oie ey ossis, SN e euak he Ses eae oe whee GAs ietofskye(syponym, of ily) so-so ee ee Pewkestury Blush... bs 2d0s.setepe cess epaee et. 336 Tewkesbury Wanter Buushy occ oc tin ee veo eos Aco = os a 336 Lewksberry Winter Busia. tos. ose © osc e peer ee 336 TEWIK:SBURY v2 Ss. ciols Corte Se id oro Sie ek Ee eee eae 336 Tewkesbury BlpSW woot oe cakis ote os ieeie = Sons eke leeks Sake 336 Tewksbury Winter Blush 2e2be. daw. 2 on 0 oes a 336 WEL ON: ARCD” 2 xecceste ba eth ast shee ae laietes teveayee ce IE OSC 375 TRNAS Ne rhea ct ca ees Suse SIO o Ne Ste oe Gees RL eens eee 337 ARETALBR: eis, 25 dictoige ocotat coe ne ees eaten = lata avalos eke eee ee HOMUAS > 22o fe oA ALES b Bie Soleo pcs e se eee 208 THOMPSON (0. 020.6 Sees Se ote ae ioe ook ae seek ee eee Thompson HNOA24e. oats wij Sane Sane sO he Ieee ee Dhompson:s Seedline No. 245s. b ee sneered cee Thompson's Seedling NO. 2025. o.)2 005 42 2/02 aes oe ee Thompson's Seedling No. 38.2: -macens- ts soe EE DEMUOLW AY © oo Bs, = 5 eas Ss oyna poo yuplado sei ol @ iegepe oiaae a eect ee 3390 Tamothy Titus Sort st. 25 GS or de clearest sion, of 26 or, sl 339 "TIN MOUTHS *Sis:ictas 2 cise < ceeneafa ase See ae eee sy eee LinmoutW= SWect) 220 ie aes eee Gee oe. eee Cee PabOUCG: os x jueise ie SoA ws Gp IAS a ie uate Gee ee SEUTOV RAR Sesina ce Sachteandnizae tac se a4 eet sere ebie cae eee PRO di eatin RETR TO OER TOTO ORION CROC 60 - EETUS ) iip. Laie So eee, eis esate ered erence eels ahain a eke 339 Titiws (synonymeot Witus (Pippin), 1-1 nee 339 T iis Ab plat CRF Sedna amen capes also eae ee TITUS. PIPPiN sae eae once Oe Ree cin ec see pee hee eee 338 LAP WS RUG Oe on shies ceils Sok PR Lee PO Se Ee POBUAS na: Sap oy este gas tee edo Ee RES een keto ea 340 Tobias tA PH. Hae sara oess iene oa eas SAG le Se 340 DOBUAS, BUACK | irre Seek ooo Sion mois be see ele een she ee Eee 341 TOBIAS: SPUPPING Va kccnveos cts acto wiek wiles akera os, Yate ke op oe Sete 342 TOUGH Ta Shee co tae olhe (ners ain Saket wieierew ais Sere eel eee 343 A OUNMUAIN HS LUC CE Meret vase aioe sess yone tate soso yas eleeds se eacles eee okOEN 16, 17, 18, 343 Tolman’ s SWeCune Os bag oc sk Capek? cone bir iaetounoee eee 343 T Oia REE? eee bias cara ie lage oh Sele eee 345 TOM GHGS eras eenieds bela om omeb ieee ricer VOL. II. PAGE. 223 55 29 29 220 II2 220 220 II2 85 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. OTE ICE Ulm Merten ts iets Sate he Pic earct WS HS Se hea ae FeO hao 345 Tompkins Sr One CAR AREER ne ERIC RT CR MRE ERR eC GUD RUA SE COUMEW KANE Notice 5.2 coe anne hon Oe IER inate eee 345 PROMI KSIN SRIKGUN GG Se yeterettoteteia: satel obs ate c, 5 a torsucle woreins 17, 18, 19, 345 IOLA PU tte BOS POLIO IRENE: BOD COLO IAG C AGE OO BOS INGUIN EL PAU LTR. Seacraicaa a Ait ch ne EA ie i ae Ne ele Aen eC ROO IOS ARGC |e en ahies Nena DP PREG Beaton eee Pain ae saa ce rG © 345 Lon Wh ork IPO Ye seodgancceoo0 bo ocKlo de ot ooUUnoooe 244 ER OMSGCENAANES (Crab eesti crate sean eer Oe ne MERAINISCENDEN TS (Oia) tsetse nents eee eee re ice Skee LCS YORONE WE PISURICCTDY Bp odo 60 Gob 0d0 OCHO ae .Ge SU OD DOG UE ONTS PORCNEC LCs sci ahonae Santi nce tes oeteer ds Be ae Poe ae eee es ranspanent den ViaIscOgie S.sneeameeece cen eae een UiaipgnenGwe WE MMOISEOIB CIRO. sabncdecouvonoocususb 0s: Transparente de Saint-Leger (syn. of Vineuse Rouge)..... Transparente de Saint-Leger (syn. of Yellow Transparent). LGR NO CDUG CIE VALTG AA SAR AAD ERED SEED eOn Coos Ba pure Transparente Jaune (synonym of Vineuse Rouge)....... Transparente Jaune (synonym of Yellow Transparent).... MAGUS DOL CWLEM IROUCEE 2 Ane ao era de oe eaten ee leno LUE CRESINOTIOIE UA OAD Ace Bec HNO M RIS SEIO Ae Se OER clot Cd BOC ONS PALCWTOVIUSCOUIE. sf are Sas dds Goi sete eae ete ee IRACRDORE. O83 bd On DORGAN ACC OT RCE EOI CTE ir REIDY Same Lip Pil Cantante vicrcte cS teva a ayn isis Aiea Me Shas Mae cane teat LRA CES TO DNIO® : ROR ODER EOE CPO ED OOr LUGS So] EA ELDON Oe Of Pe LAREN a en rane TES AURCAS «IS DOHEO. ‘s25 hc EE Al SOR CART er Oe ORS oa I RECT NCH OMe tre ois BOL OOOO OT COOP Ore ee 227 IOC UCIT beeches cy duos GG. 0 CRE OR TS SIE REE ay ae nO AT TORE GUTOY DMN BIOS A ISU ees 6c, A eae a REE aN aR aS eae ACME SP UL SENUUBS Rete ans aaise as DA OR ae ens eo are NOL SEU TORY NEUOLD Pence cy cto OS AMOR TO OE OP RO aa aro 273 LE SUPSIRTO. SHG IS ceug Scie! 6 other SRO CI ae ee Cire RNP ec Or “TR GARRRSS Sciacca eso hath iGGee. lb Caos EPC TEES CSE MERC Ae a ee rT eee 24 TRUS AUR QLG iE eats AeOe Were mee eae Meee ee TERRA SAON OTR. recA eck HEUETO CRCROREER RONEN Ca EN Ce IOI ec TRAN GS UE) SOB 5.6 BO UNE COTE OREO EC ECO E Cr Oe ae 12 MEUIDENOGRE Mme OE RI Ea ore) hc Sooo ok US IOS Ie eae Tossenere veda 125 IRD Qt ld MOTE shin SOOO GUO OEA COO CCC Core OB c ACO. aT WAESNIGTVa OIG GE Mee yore lees layateya's 2 staiseh SS s/o syese G UbeeaayseNsione 17, 1st, 1s: EWEN val © WINGED EMPPRTING cioids Gis sisyate ces ts svacadevenesaiehal ieiees. sha skeoneuauaveus 349 wenty Ounce Pippin (synonym of Twenty Ounce)...... REN VESPPLE UR LOMA Pay Saha) isin core iatan A at opae orane echo) eccbepn Ala cacao tee 247 PIG Gre Fae By AUT VOM =, Sastoretct co aya ast oncrerPnicleseie ss ovals olorelous ete .e. ehstcke Seater (USES SAG DN ANe oa cee nde COR AAO Ceocs on bun ooo He 172 ONE SORSAECS TREO HEE OO Oe aO ooi Ge oece aD oc oire or (ORCI AG KT) Onkeecs oto Mino eR OLLI ae Ee Eero tii aA aetGlc Dine) hats Bae oslo eee ECE In Cire ct REC Coe eI NCTInS Aa cinint $158) VOL. IT. PAGE. 49 225 225 267 266 239 239 239 239 233 248 239 233 248 233 233 239 184 354 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. GEEK Se TSATEC MIRED ac s5 610 Ae aac. vGehaa eu, baa wid CO ee WET ALO KAU SOR A EE IOC ne OCB ASC oS VGlandimenGi se oe cactus ess te = bs cow oo = 2 sep eee Van Wyck Sierian: <8: Gace Sins + Wis abe'esa-2 30 oie 5 9 oe Se Vian WAG SWeek “eccnk aye diye ose pe ee ee eee VOR GUL cot strane eas sede esd cle be aes eG Oe eee VAGTACHE LS Ss Shei h ais RE Seid. dae Cons BE ees oS athe ee ee 105 Veer millon vaste 2 oo Sak sane ele SSO ee ne OEE VACY IMO IE = Rove's aid orton a ietane i Nace eochele- tear cieie onsite SRS ee Ver MOntePip Pin. oe es eon oe eee eS shies BAe och ere Vermont Pumpkin’ SWeet 2222 ers: 2s 5 iA palace Sine wate ees is odes cs cert eke eee 69 VACLORIG SHUCEE 2 we poe ero ct eee a rn SSE Victoria SWECHNE °2 ccc as tok eta indo nee oe ese oan MICTUALS AND) JORTIN Ks bis ty. Sao shone seasPaicos steieieier es eeielers cteie a ete eee [AD Baik Wa Rees oo gma Gab Ob. 60005000 oD.0000 D900 O0'C VOL. II. PAGE. 230 230 230 231 231 230 230 231 231 231 231 231 233 87 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE NGUNIEELS MI UIGE rae 2 ose Se iain: eb c olathe ies ow wid aves a cra cia Maceo VAN ROCMISTASNOCNOISCHNEER cuss oe tee aeiacts Hee aS eeine POR Maren trae tis tee tale re a ccloe eidi ele 6 Dore DE eosaa AVATIR GTN IAQ Gul NUINTG erste outta ae fs Sue or cay ace erseue taateralfote Sewer crank MANE 352 REINS LS oh SIGMA OO CO CLE Te Ee Boe Virginia Pippin (synonym of Newtown Pippin) .......... 146 Virginia Pippin (synonym of Virginia Greening) ......... 352 Papal. SCALE 4,6 see Bors nite ROE RRC ciel REE MORRO he ore ORO RET RAN Os. AIL. Ciacittcan Oras OA SCH ON Bere ME ICRCe MC ICR eae WWEATANSIER ~ gate cine tee o, erties Cancer ne ROR OTE SERRE UCR ae ame cee 353 Wabash Bellflower (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) ... Wabash Bellflower (synonym of Wabash) ............... 353 \WWONBAGTER IRS SI0).. SAG test ins ols SASSI CRO OI nto rciag haere inc OCR nee teat 353 Vigabas Weed ViMinteremer Nc. selon tec ee tote eat aE oh 353 NAVNGIOININS Ss cote ito oo: lel OOD OCMC Ot UPON eE aeRO Crt Pane Re meet GO TREAT OAH 3 bt: OB BDA OIIONG ORCe CRIED ELS DO Oe OC 04 EROWION ©: SCR So Bt Sid Nora BORER ECO Onn I ne SO oti Be eer 227 WAIST" eet crore boa oe ERO OEE RS eee Oe a eee ea 356 RASA alee tap tact net OCONEE ECO TCT TN eras 358 VTS ei POHL BA DY AUDEN Re, Bre ty Nh ea eR GP Cg 358 US CTES VIGAMECH we horas role Save Aine NANG dae a Ga 358 AP GHZ SEONDES, Ca nro AERA RATED FOL ACR RRL ERO IC On Det 358 LY GDL oso 8S SUOR Ob oa Be RE TOMES COCR ID COE nae Gee Reais 227 NAGATA Chea EONVARD Retreat racl ae pare ee berate one ee ote 359 POG G CMe Rear Ne apn Me ots Gis staid eco Shea WAM ee Megetnane eee 357 OTOP JPOCGER IIa 8. o'r oS SOLEIL RTO STIC DI RO cane oe ONES. aly OM Rese are, Bo 2 eR oe PR Ro Pee 253 UTES) 2] RMR, pe) to Pa a eR AS PO a a ee YA CUAGIGT? «Brea bleh os 8:5 5.8 6 CONC RA OO One ee aes 227 VVEASNIDDE RINK GS P Vora ee eRe Meee erste Mia Ia) oy 22 cirsast au ieradorovavapenesteis cue ede 360 VEU S AE Veer pi ements sti, Se 2, 5-0 chuitaa in Mri e ofthe atch LACORS ROOT Keb tstoosh tok Oe REE TORI PE RENCE eR REA ett [ATTA Ree OH 8] 2c ee a ME ce Warren Pippin (synonym of. Ortley) 2% ..c626 2s 005s ior 244 Warren Pippin (synonym of Yellow Bellflower) ......... 381 Washington (synonym of Sops of Wine) ................ Washington (synonym of Washington Strawberry) ...... Washington (synonym of Sweet Baugh) ................ iashingtonm CountymSeea lan ens. ax ois-a.5 46s ticrenlys ton ee ek PaSRIN ETON "OL. Maine msn nut ts eae se eta sis ats aes A eas oe Ss RPA SEEUNGTON SIROW AID Omer ae f,o7.fa0 SS ae) ac som aise gare Rahal whats ¢ 361 NWASETENGTON: “STRAWBERRY ee tatin seit wae sie. c aiheders S506 Seine deci VLD LG” OF I ee ie a aay roy RTO BA ne ey Le WGRCEIOO. £5a2.5 2h Ae eee orton des tn Hoe eau A Aare ade PEROT CMAN C LOWY soos AORN es ee Ee TOON as we Sed ants oe Ces 204 PQEC RS cE ar Ly 7. eects ene eer Sonera alee Solin say Sree ane PUAAESORE SV ONDENEET EY a teste cls wa, Saas eens 6 3 Ra Bess See oe Vigatsonis: Viandevere crate Satie tas 2.cie ee eheye ee 355 VOL. II. PAGE. 233 182 244 161 350 CoMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. WEES AD PI Clen aie Ro oo alae 5h sles SSeS. sana ge EEE 253 WEA WOOD = ererrakote hones ere tots Saline la kale acu sac ieac eee eee eee 362 SODAS soi eas CR Saae ee oe Sas Ma ane uO a ee 67 VCO CMAP PIE fotos ac tanlits wets a Soi tee Ss «atta ae eee 67 NU VABSAMETHETAV’. caters es svtin "ao: orchiave iskelistatocalita hens hePeneetneuat (oir halo event NZ IK), As, WATER tev: IGROLIR™ 5s. tyer teers ote oe tebn aah ey oreo Aro en eee 25 Wretnapfel Rober Gis scene Hert eter Feo ete Wemappel- Rother: .anisvccrsnooma «cleans 00 5 ts S eee Wievser = awthornd ener ee ieee eee eee Weisser Metzgerapfel . Be Me sy aah Haid se Well Apple (synonym ae Donne). PE RN eins 56 3-0.06 c 109 Well Apples (synonym ion Mitusseippin) sere sere eee 339 Wrellimgtoty senicss cectnced 2 cd ae BAR ee TG 112 [WellnztoniseRemetico: wwii ss sane eo ce eee Doce ee eeeee 112 NADI Cie wae ae Ie Mer Recent 5 Mev CM MSA A. ARIE BISG 10.00 00¢ 363 Hifelis (synonym ot Domine) \a-css2- see erent 109 Weells (synonym or Ohio) Nonpareil) -acceeeee peers Wells CAP ple races cae cathe se sane sda oe eee Ee 363 Wesse Antillische Winterretnetté 2... . +02... .00+20044-00e- 04 WOSEDOO Re % opecorcVaiare caer aie, Sar ale ao ons 0b 42 eee es let SRO Westchester” Seek-Nio-Further o05.acn ooo eee eee 130 Western Baldwin (synonym of Babbitt) ................ 53 Western Baldwin (synonym of Pawpaw) ..............-- 250 WESTERN JBEAUIY: 3 Sa jemang aes ne oriects Oe eae eee Western Beauty (synonym of Hyde King) .............. 166 Western Beauty (synonym of Grosh) ...................- Western Beauty (synonym of Ohio Nonpareil) .......... WP OStREID™ scas Coad ote saan BS bo He oO BR AL ee 364 Westheld Sieek-=No-Mantwer aaa ae eee eee 364 WESTFIELD Seek-No-Further ..........2....+- 12, 16, 17, 18, 32, 364 WESTFIELD Scek-No-Further; Red type ......2..0000c000 2000. 306 Wheelers Kernel -oasta trot Qk sce che tee eee ae eee VA Be oe Pie sow eS a IO gee Oe a Se 67 Wiite Apple (synonym of Hawthornden) ............... White Apple (synonym of Parry White) ............ White: A Stracan ei inher WHAT’ ASTRA CHELAN: © sthyeicvehs fa, Se tan eciitis cate shea ste reee roe 25 White Belleheur arcs cutee VOR ese en oes De 244 Whate Bellilower ciao n co oto else oe a ore ae 244 Weihite Boro dour sa cis somsiers fave ss, siehevoisit ose elaeeete ei ee WA Mi as OLA BANSO SRA ATE GOO Ae ASO OO 0.6 6c 197 VG nite Cir Otbancn aeitige Aeon ce Seana Rae ls eed eee 244 ViGhitenGrafteot NWaASConSinue aeons ches eek eile eee GAVE JelohVIVOAVte oogoeovgcbo0s does 000009800000 5505 « WAU Me NGIORENTO ALOT. Oo OBO DCO Ae 0000 pO ROG ORS 1056000. LAUT Pee TOC ee eB Oe ec Oats CODES OAG Cops SOSIAEOOD ao a0:c WEAITE UNBEATEN Gs Sisken foe cinin nee ecko si ayole suck associ or sve/overeie it ehehetens hate Nicaelan ss tsa ce ed Sa SE ene ech See VOL. II. PAGE. 236 182 182 96 148 60 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I PAGE WWEELE TE MISA IN ATINia:s saxelereve. areveve eis otha) iesat eae, Scapeie’ aoe areceionereravetetersie vole we 367 VVBEL TD Ray SUP WING menevey tee sve versa eecerer tines teas toeetcvecerover Madertigsarer teas eoaiopators 24, 368 White Pippin (synonym of Canada Reinette) ............ 94 Winieseippin=(Synonymyor Ortley),.>-...4-45-o2+0s neo 244 ARE ARO DSO atoots } CAC CO AIOPRACIe Teron. sable con Gch e 380 VEER SEEK INO EICKRIGENERY tyr 5 ctstesencs e, erars ardreetvage, wohersentere Mra care 15 White Seek-No-Further (synonym of Green Seek-No- IEEE) ch ERO E OS ORO OURO CCR NEES O TS en eee Eee.” MEIER SPANISH HREUNEDTE Ae reie cre.4 srs cleus cusrcastons wiaieinie Sesecete skein ters LAOH (SiPHCO Ne Ge Cb CERO DE He Ne ce TOC CRAE IOCHaD CREE AO LCC ACO ALLOW Meee SAD ODS BUDO OO IOOD Sema Or 307 MITES LECT tes Sabtebieest-oh ed RENO RON SIE ONE RS Se) OS ey Sens toe 387 RVING Vem QQ@r ADE weir, oscchs.c cision sete tie,t's wisn quis civic au.ee oon LE TeataeareIN iO ee DOW ictal ciate a oss/-0 505 ajarch cis sTofers: o:s,ausuavel Cece staiey sic ai) 5 PUIG AAS ARLE harecate score oer ote soho Sous ia Salen eye 302 WEED ICR ee Hee asc cr eetitentia ie ison orstaren Soe Rie ereyslonsl ant a 384 DUST VASA S Mee Pavan cassie sweet eta 1.8 par crear ais ciceatyancNoraiassyeye rs buctbnotens Aiea Oe LEST Se ES ONLY Rare elod ois Rietonajaielive 's Afovd eterdd ss aclaterelareiatey slats, VA iar SE ON TRE ae wie rcraie tens oleeheicays, ato Wars eee oSuRS eo ete UTTAR ORBOOUC cotion ne Ob COuOee CoCr DE CaU ROCA ee oeore PE MIGYS TAUOVALC LUCE Owe ,0 crctoate Spl Sole ain oe She eae we Se ee PES DGG Rep ecte Ses See TRON OR TOC aE Pa ERE t oA, 109 VOU ROTTES REG BOCES Uo CoD OC coc COED E AEIE LOE ESB AVA UDSIS Tis WEE SDB wrt sacy'e tons tocar atcdel drops ye Svaccrer ats: eke shovels save @: cho lszanste ay ee CALS ES WELT Sacra pee Moree aya ei arcs) cick enieon ajo wpe 5 are Ryd VV TIO Vigermerts op. Sass een Naren tae ok Od vod w Tae kale rs Bae ates 6 18, 370 US BC pk here Be ae ae At cacao eR SPE TA 370 alloc scafelerp Pinter renee sek oi ek rene 244 YE AUG DT RAM a 8 Sika bib O80a 0.0 OO UO EO GE UD ATCO EE ICO 370 NIVEL SBORO Meer erates epee feted eae tee SMTi nS Seis omy er ete eos oa aS 372 ESD BOM IOC. SON oe DOE DAC Ee ee ERRE VOLE Fico rare wen tay Nett one ee east ata a9 os a) Gheaaik wih Seo ttareie, Abia VAIN SOR Sceteneh evant erapenenne sramel eee are ep LEN cee Sita as Meenas: avarevscat Si aaa le 372 EST AG IST aint C4 Ct OF Pl eli ded eee ESE SS ct Se RE eee ee 372 AUN Meme Se se rabies cla Tae ett aes 5 a's ace ss ose Ke lgen nt 5 TS593773 Mine (sy noniyimyorn) Oneatham) mare cece acre ceca s ciia ene 172 Wine (synonym of Newtown Spitzenburg) .............. 225 Wines (synoriven Of ag Op oie scissors dk 0s slats asieca'syavcbels Wanes(synonymira’ all Wine)) Yared ayo'sts/2/ore. syerevaraverd ass eo ee Wanes (synonym ofkichard Gratt)® os. . hed. inic's oys ete eee obe,c Hanes (synonym ore wemty. Ounce), .) sje.) so sioverevors: se easel oe TLIC. 74ND eet, Soe ae ee eee eee ee 373 Wie OE Clete atten rts cht siceies Sas Go aitlas Se Media dete SUSU EUR CSoat Mtre tc PR A tet ctor teh arceatsrsrayaies vis have vig dere ata volerara clots atetere NAGE Nie GNP ae os Sint A SRA ec «sos Eb we'd erates sitters 17, 24, 374 AV VAENTESS Aen Cy ROUT PS eM any So). Frcs tS eiees s-obal Sharer crak gyensransharcraveneheta ere erste 24 Wanesapa (synonym of Jonathati) << -:. 6. is~ieiesciee eine ee 172 Wanesap? (synonymy of Roseat)-~'s-2. eee 345 WeintercNiOnSUCHy ssc. 0. oes ss dale sine eee «ceil oe eee 276 Winter (PEGE wes re be vais ant 2 pO ee oe 8 ee are 251 Winter PEARMAING oF22.c0. us 8.2m cte bs due tale eo eee eee Winter Pearmain (synonym of McAfee) ................. 197 Winter Pearmain (synonym of Milam) ...............+6. 208 Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long Island Pearmain) ... Winter Pearmain (synonym of Long Red Pearmain) .... Winter Pap Pin oo van dle is 2s 5 ke dea wae ore het sssre One ae eee 197 Winter Pippin of (Geneva... 2 adh ots ees cael eee 136 Winter Queene. ssvcia es death age ew ne ee eas eee 88 Winter’ Quecninge aoe oes Sivonen one a he dea elie ere pele 88 LV taler AROSON6 cin Siac gee Melee SR eee ete 227 Winter Russet (synonym of English Russet) ............ 118 Winter Russet (synonym of Perry Russet) .............. 257 AWaINetER Si) WIGAWRENGE) aay sien c cele cic «asta ieaicielelotiorsle sacha etna ene 379 Winter. S cek=N 0=P Uy ter ont disse win as we ee os oa Wanter: Sweet Paradise: ooen escrow oo aoe Oe 380 Winter WONG ee fore on s RE cas Sed Laos ee eee ee 373 WintHROPGREENING§2cnes ca cease hhmaah ce ehine nace ae eee Waser’. Cie ore ela dont eek oc ea knee sea. oik een ee 380 Wismer’s Desserts sate toaster oneness oe. 13) alas ae) eee 380 Wisner'sDESSEFE wre cree ces too ia isis teins ote ieide ape 380 NV OLE SIREVIER BepEis os cits sparen batenes based retards 6 osteo ake aes hhe eetoitede kee aioe 20, 25 Wolf River (synonym of Alexander) 2. ..c).-0-14 9) steer Wolianis Shares: ce comer oee elec secktts Seer ae ete W Gi erom = Sa Se e ee EA ba enw ee Sea Pea eee Ene 227 Woodman’s SONG? 2 iste oc Siec = peeks * coi pee ee a eee 244 VW GGEBCCRER: Sc sae co MAT AGI Ee ig bee Moho eee ep eE OCR 56 Woodstock (synonymot Blenheim), .3./2.-2-+2--secce eee Woodstock (synonym of Dyer) ..-- 00 c-ce-- eo sptertomiiae WG odStOck PEp pitts aa coat cie so 5 ee veers uate ernie estes Wood Wards Pappunre wets eccen aces eee cee eee enone Coe 244 Woolman’s Early... 000.00 c ens es diene eee cece ee tee ee Woolman’s Harvest «...++- ie ee bls gee: ARSE Se tock wig oes sien VOL. II. PAGE. 31 13 124 125 245 215 215 COMBINED INDEX TO VARIETIES. VOL. I. PAGE. VOOM SE ON GG. tasted otele a aeaie es aie SLIP a oie aie ayer tana pte 244 Wo olmnantst Longe Rippin sis sere mee al ster versie ake) ornckelenie suet ere 244 MOOT Oat IgG? Sos ob obe nc Oe sdbdn bea GAnpe ces VA COIMGEY EDWG OSs Sanewiows ean ce bet Ae eee ee 244 LAO OLUCLHONL Wee att ot oe nice to OC CEE NWVIOREEAROBN = pa cpateys,uicectn an caesar. E RO AGRA HI CURED RO AROS DE RETO CaO OOD aC 227 EAT On Ae eeerneieec Gol ROR pI Oh nate eoe tobe ob CE orGs HAV GHG DE oere raha ats Karee s/o Nae che ae eR IO ne Tee 190 VAGUE Ex ADP lee Gerakan: food See ete ee RCO er VATS (Biss eerie ON eee 7, ARERR Oe Oro Oink ad eR OSE ia ee 316 ViellozeBelleflenriee inno. +c iielecotecs OO ae eee 381 Vellowup Belleh ower wit co.cc ctka meeps TOO eee 381 WELTLOW? BELEREOWER ea sreicris ceiccene cin ets His, TG), WIG, Tey UO) Asis sisi WELLOW> BELEELOWERS GROUP .ctcersiece cise aerecioerersiebertiome arclen aera 383 VellozouB omgie vnrrsen: