BANCROFT LIBRARY
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LZINE and GUIDE BOOK l^/oted to Western # and Development
APRIL 1919
MAIN DIVERSION DAM — PALO VERDE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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The FIRST THING 1°,"., <'J^,R 8
IS A SET OF GOOD MAPS
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Comer Fourth and Main Streets - • Los Angeles, California
A HOTEL OF ESTABLISHED REPUTATION AND STANDING
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SAN FRANCISCO
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lOOO ROOMS
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FIFTY MILES OF ORANGES
^ DAY OF PLEASURE THROUGH THE WORLD'S GREATEST FRUIT DOMAIN
VISITING
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ORANGE EMPIRE TROLLEY TRIP
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P AC IFIC ELECTRIC
RAILWAY
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A. JVl K S S A CI E TO YOU
From
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MISSION CAFE
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FINEST AND BEST PLACE IN THE CITY TO EAT
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AND ALUMINUM CASTINGS
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120 N. Beaudry Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.
TO SEE LOS ANGELES see us
PACKARD and HUDSON EQUIPMENT
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Lankershim Hotel
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Hotel Stowell
M 414-416-418 SOUTH SPRIVG STREET (Near Fourlh)
LOS ANGELES i
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TakcToxi at Station at our expense
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The ARRO^VHEAD
MAGAZINE and GUIDE BOOK
Devoted to Western Travel and Development
n
Published at Los Angeles, California, for Distribution on tbe Trains of the
A /O t, ~\J U /I C ^°^ Angeles an<£" Salt Lake Railroad
Edited by DOUGLAS WHITE
Palo Verde valley
A Magic Land of Opportunity
By A. E. WARMINGTON
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA needs no introduction. Environment and wealth have been the magnetic in- fluences that have drawn people from far and near to this earthly Paradise. And the father of both of these, as far as Southern California is concerned, was the solving of irrigation problems. A delightful, healthful climate and rich, deep soil were the gifts bestowed upon this great district by nature, and it was left to the ingenuity of man to add wa- ter, the other essential feature, to this wonderful combination to make it per- fect.
So one district after another of this land of rare opportunity has been set- tled, until now there remain only a few spots of undeveloped rich lands, one of which, and probably the most promis- ing of all, is the Palo Verde Valley, which borders the Colorado River, in Riverside County.
Althovigh this valley was compara- tively little known three years ago, the writer presented the proposition to connect it by rail with the outside world to Mr. J. M. Neeland, who had been so successful in railroad de- velopment work in Mexico and other
places, and through his foresight and faith in the future and stability of the valley, the California Southern Rail- road was completed in 1916.
This enterprise was memorable as it was commenced and successfully con- summated during the stress of the World War.
Since then the valley has far out- stripped the expectations of its most ardent sponsors and is now one of Cali- fornia's famous valleys.
Every person who dreams of owning his own home, a home surrounded by flowers, palms and productive fields, can find the realization of his dreams in this favored spot. Indeed, it is such a happy combination of home possibili- ties and potential wealth, that it has won the hearts of all who have seen it.
It was probably due to the natural attractiveness of the valley that caused O. P. Calloway, at that time surveyor- general of California, to make the first official filing on irrigation water from the Colorado River to be used on this land. This was on July 17, 1877, and associated with him in this enterprise was Thomas Blythe of San Francisco. This filing has since been officially ap-
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
proved by the United States Govern- ment, and thus the people of the valley hold prior rights to the waters from the Colorado River.
But the irrigation project initiated by Mr. Calloway and Mr. Blythe was nev- er completed by them. For in 1883, Mr. Calloway was killed by the Indians and the following year Mr. Blythe died. From that time until 1906, the valley lay dormant, but in that year the Blythe holdings were sold and develop- ment of the irrigation system again commenced, but it remained for the providing of rail transportation for the real development of the great potential possibilities of the valley.
The Palo Verde Valley is twenty-five miles in length, and has an area of ap- proximately 100,000 acres. Bordering this area of bottom land, is a large mesa, lying between the valley proper and the mountains. This too is replete with possibilities for it heads the list of undeveloped domains which Secre- tary Lane is advocating for homes, in- dependence, wealth and health for our returning soldiers.
Wheu prospective settlers become in- terested in a new locality, they seek in- formation on the following features concerning it : The quality of the soil, the climate, the water sources, trans- portation facilities, markets, and home and social environments. It might be well to consider these things in order, as applied to the Palo Verde Vallev.
Soil
When the Colorado River was cut- ting its way through the elevated coun- try that lay between its source and the ocean, it carried in solution the decom- posed organic elements of the soil, as well as the volcanic ashe.^ of the lava beds, and deposited much of these in the valleys at the lower end of the river. Thus the soil of the Palo Verde, Imperial and other valleys bordering the river has been built up of the best chemical elements that go to insure successful plant production, where suf- ficient water is applied.
The'virgin soil of the Colorado River valleys is a decided contrast to that of the old farming districts of the East, where frequently the soil has been
robbed of its wealth. In other words, the soil at the present time is worth in- trinsically more than it probably will
WHERE WATER MAKES WEALTH Top to bottom — Colorado River at the intake — the source of Palo Verde Valley's water supply; ■•ripo»-ted Percherons on the George J. Read ranch; Frank De Boo in his wheat field; one of Palo Verde Valley's diversion gates.
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
PALO VERDE VALLEY IS A WONDERFUL ALFALFA COUNTRY
be after a few generations have farmed it. It is now a treasure house of plant chemicals.
Climate
Southern California climate is so well known that it seems almost useless to describe it here. Some one has said that the climate of this district has been advertised more than that of any other district in the world, .and that is probably true.
However, the climate of the Palo Verde Valley has some characteristics peculiar to itself. One of these is the fact that it is far enough from the ocean to be exempt from fogs and rain. The temperature is so even throughout the year that crops grow there every month, and people may enjoy the open and out-of-doors exercise every day.
The elevation of the valley is greater than that of the Imperial Valley, being
between 200 and 300 feet above s^ea level. This has its effect on the cli- mate. Then, too, the mountain ranges near at hand insure a circulation of fresh air at all times.
From the fact that the United States Government has endorsed the water claims for the valley, it may be under- stood that there is no danger of a lack of it for irrigation, providing the irriga- tion systems are extended and enlarged to meet the growing demands of the district.
The water rights are owned by the Palo Verde Mutual Water Company, a corporation owned and controlled by the farmers themselves. The stock is so distributed that each varmer gets one share for each acre owned by him. There is no charge for water. It is free and can be used in any quantity desired. Simply the cost of mainte- nance and distribution is equally as-
BUILDING THE CALIFORNIA SOUTHERN RAILROAD
10
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
Hog^s on the Rihn Ranch in Palo Verde Valley
sessed to the stockholders. Upwards of a million dollars will be spent during- the next year in canal and levee exten- sion and development.
One of the best features of the irri- gation system of the valley is the fact that the intake (where the yater is taken by gravity flow from the Colo- rado River) is of reinforced concrete set in solid granite, thus there is no chance of danger from floods.
It is not necessary to use the river water for domestic purposes as is the case in most of the Colorado valleys, for underlying the entire valley at va- rious planes of from fifteen to sixty feet is an abundant supply of clear, cool, pure, wholesome water that is easily obtained for domestic uses.
Crops and Markets
The first rice and cotton produced in California were grown in the Palo Verde Valley. Not only that, but it has been proved by actual experiments that this valley is especially adapted for cotton, which is generally considered one of the most profitable crops of the South. The cotton grown here seems to be in every way equal, if not supe- rior, to the cotton produced in the Im- perial Valley, which is graded as per- fect by the United States Department of Agriculture.
There is reason to believe that the Palo Verde Valley will be a great pro- ducer of the rare dates, which can be grown only in very arid climates. They have been grown successfully in other ])laces on the banks of the Colorado River, but the rarest varieties, such as those that have been grown abroad
A Wheat Field in Palo Verde Valley
only in Egypt, have been produced no- where else in the United States. Date enthusiasts assert that there are more fortunes awaiting date raisers than await other horticulturists.
The valley has high enough altitude to insure success of a large variety of fruits, some of which belong to the northern districts and others that are listed as tropic fruits.
Southern California is famed for its schools, churches and other elements that uplift society. The Palo Verde Valley promises to be settled up with a similar kind of population to that of the other districts of this part of the State.
Social research has proved beyond any doubt that in the rur.il districts is produced a larger percentage of useful citizens than in the cities, and there are many people who seek a rural home at- mosphere for the benefit of their fami- lies. For these, the Palo Verde Valley has a strong attraction.
That the resources of the Palo Verde Valley have attracted the attention of the State government of California, is made evident from the following, ap- pearing in the official California Blue Book, compiled by Secretary of State Frank Jordan :
"Along the west bank of the Colo- rado, between the overland route of the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific railroads and connected by automobile stages with both, stretches the Palo Verde Valley. This district ofters the home- seeker a rich silt soil close to the riv- er's edge, or a choice loam on the flank- ing mesa, where orchard crops of any kind make splendid growth. Irriga-
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
11
tion water may be secured in abund- ance from the Colorado, and a splendid development work is under way. There
\
PALO VERDE VALLEY SCENES Top to bottom — Hogs in pasture on the C. C. Welsh ranch; beef cattle on Hauser Packing Com- pany's ranch; the creamery at Blythe; stacking alfalfa on the M. A. parrel ranch; the "cut" at the summit, California Southern Railroad.
seems no limit to the variety of prod- ucts which can be successfully grown. Cotton has proved a most desirable crop."
The farmer here fears no drouths, floods, crop failures, storms or torna- does. Nature always works faithfully for him and never against him. The Palo Verde rancher controls his supply of water automatically. There is never a shortage nor an over-supply. He can figure his profits for years ahead — and can know that the elements will never upset his calculations.
It is the sureness of farming in Palo Verde Valley that places this section in a class preferred.
A Double-Crop Country
Palo Verde Valley is noted for its famous double crops. As soon as one crop is harvested another is planted, and the land keeps right on producing without injuring its strength. This is due to its almost inexhaustible fertil- ity and also to the fact that the irrigat- ing water contains valuable fertilizing elements which are constantly adding to the life of the soil.
Where Alfalfa Does Its Best
Alfalfa reaches the highest state of perfection in Palo Verde Valley. The unusual soil and climatic conditions cause this valuable forage plant to yield prolific crops. Ten to twelve tons to the acre is the average yield here. In- asmuch as alfalfa is the basis of the dairying industry in the Southwest, dairymen and stock raisers have found this valley a veritable paradise for their operations. It is a fact that cattle, hogs, horses and sheep breed faster and are raised at less expense here than in any other part of the state. Alfalfa, livestock and cotton are sure mortgage lifters.
Most Wonderful Development in Recent Years
As before stated the California Southern Railroad Company completed in 1916 a standard gauge railroad, forty-two miles in length , extending from Blythe Junction on the Santa Fe to Blythe — the principal town — in the center of the northern portion of the valley. Los Angeles and its ocean port are within a few hours travel and the
12
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
Palo Verde's Main Irrigation Canal
markets of the South and East are eas- ily reached by rail.
When the promoters of the railroad said they were going to build a line into the Palo Verde Valley their friends and bankers were skeptical for, aside from the unusual stringency occasioned by the Great War, there were only a paltry two thousand inhabitants in the region to be served and something like 7500 acres under cultivation ; but their judgment, nerve and foresight has been more than justified for the population has increased to nearly eight thousand and during the year 1918, 32,500 acres produced crops — bringing into the pockets of the farmers nearly four mil- lion dollars.
The needs of the farmers are amply taken care of by two progressive banks,
Picking Cotton at Palo Verde
cotton gins, stores and' commercial es- tablishments of every kind.
The present year will see the plant- ing of at least 40,000 acres, 22,000 of which will be in cotton, 8,000 in alfalfa, and the balance in grain, corn and fruit crops. It will also see the erection of several new gins and the possibility of a cotton seed oil mill and, in the no distant future, a beet sugar factory, for experiments carefully made indicate that this exceptionally fertile region will produce from 25 to 30 tons of sugar beets to the acre running from 20 to 22 per cent.
An indication of the progress of the past year lies in the fact that our farm- ers have invested more than $150,000 in tractors and other modern farm equip- ment.
CITRUS SCORE CARD
Orisinnllv Published hv
Dr. J. Elliot Coit, Los Angeles Coun- ty farm advisor, reports that interest is rapidly increasing in the buying and selling of citrus properties. He ex- plains that the farm advisor is not in a position to advise people in regard to the purchase prices of specific citrus properties. It is more his duty to as- sist them in operating the property successfully after it is bought. He has, however, prepared this score card to assist them in judging for themselves as to the desirability of the property. For Citrus Lands
1. Freedom from frost.
2. Water ; legal right, amount, qual- ity, cost.
3. Kind and quality of soil. Topog- raphy.
4. Continuity of tract and freedom from waste land.
The Los Angeles Examiner
5. Freedom from stones and brush; cost of clearing and grading.
6. Freedom from hardpan.
7. Freedom from alkali.
8. Drainage outlet.
9. Susceptibility to wind.
10. Distance from scale-infested or- chard.
11. Nearness to town.
12. Nearness to packing house and railroad siding.
13. Quality of roads.
14. Price per acre.
Points for Bearing Groves
A. Uniformity and yield record of trees.
B. Freedom from scale insects.
C. Freedom from mottled-leaf and other diseases.
D. Condition of trees as to pruning and sfeneral care.
A Liuie Talk to Homeseekers
BY
POLLYANN
About the Road to Success
T I
and
How Brains Have Been Allied to Brawn in the Business of Farming
SAY, Mr. Homeseeker, Mrs. Home- seeker, young homeseeker, old hoomeseeker — in fact, any kind or class of homeseeker — I would have a word with you.
The mails are filled with inquiries from people who are dreaming of a home out in the open where the sun can get a chance at the interior of the house and the breezes play among the fields of grain, where the flowers bloom on the hillsides and the birds sing in the little clump of willows down by the creek. Besides, there must be roses growing over the porch and a contented cow or two wandering home in the twilight to be milked and fed.
These are only little details, and pretty details, too. But have you stopped to think what other features must be embodied in the picture to make it first a complete and then a successful exhibit?
I am going to tell you that the first requisite of success lies in the home- seeker himself. There are thousands of people living clifif-dweller existences within the limits of the great cities who are just longing and praying for a chance at God's great open places and the freedom of the husbandman. Beautiful little booklets cleverly com- piled in picture and story tell of the great possibilities lying out there be- yond the rumble of the trolley cars and the shriek of the whistle that calls to another dav of labor.
To be able to accept the opportuni- ties depicted in these little books re- quires an understanding of what one must face in gaining the success they so alluringly set forth.
Let's get down to the meat of the proposition — your own powers and pos- sibilities.
Is it a memory of other days that develops your longing to get back to the open?
Have you any knowledge of what is required to make a success in the rural game — no matter what its class?
On the other hand, are you city born and bred and just filled with desire for a change which is enhanced by well constructed stories of joyous, care-free life among the fields?
If it is a "get back" longing there is not only a foundation but also hope of success. You are not many years from the days when you lived out there on the old farm, and you know what it means. Yours is a fairly straight road, for the principal point is to make a wise selection of location, soil and cli- mate, where the little hoard of money can be safely invested in the really de- lis'htful and specially to be commended object of building up a self-sustaining home.
Your foundation was good, and may- hap the old people whom you left to take up life in the city's whirl are still alive and able to lend a bit of good advice. Then, besides, there is your
13
14
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
"Uncle Sammy," who has had not only you in mind but thousands like you when he organized a plan of advice and assistance — but of that I shall say more further on.
Now for the other fellow who knows naught but city life. I know it is hard, this continual grind at the factory, be- hind the counter, or in the office, but have you stopped to think how well fitted the average country dweller would be to drop into your position and deliver the goods? Well, if you have, apply the reverse to yourself.
I do not blame you for wanting to get away, but the first thing for you to do is to render yourself efficient to cope with the new questions of exist- ence that will confront you in making the great change from the life of an urbanite to that of a homebuilder in the country.
Yes, I know, the little bank book has a nice balance and you can see your way to your first payment on the land and a neat little house with a cow and plenty of good practical equipment. But, believe me, that is not all that is needed to turn the trick. Oh, yes, there's the book with its splendid story of what each acre will bring forth, and if you can even do half as well as the book says, you can keep up your pay- ments, laugh at the days when interest is due and "live happy ever after."
But can you do it? Yes,'I mean you. How far have you gone in this game of country home building and how will- ing are you to learn? There is not a day that passes by without my seeing anywhere from one to ten letters from people who write from the great whirls of commerce and ask how and where they can find that little "corner in Ar- cadia" that all are seeking. I have gotten so that I can almost tell from the way the letter reads whether there is even a fighting chance for them. Even between the lines plenty of them tell plainly that they would not make a farmer in a century.
To all those I suggest the advice that they stay where they are, let the little bank account keep climbing up for that proverbial rainy day and get all the happiness you can from life as you find it.
But there are others. To be sure, they do not know much beyond the fact that cows eat grass and trees bear leaves, but away down in their inner- most being is that certain longing for life beyond the city's walls. For them there is better than a fighting chance, for they will be willing to really "get down to earth" and study out the prospects.
Mayhap it is a long time since they went to school, but then, it is never too late to learn.
Right here let us look into those operations that Uncle Sammy has in- augurated for the education, not only of the would-be farmer, but also the man who has spent his life in making Mother Earth yield her fullest meas- ure of returns.
Washington is the great center of this movement in higher education along agricultural lines. There is the great central reservoir where is stored the results of years of experience. If you wish to know what kind of grass will grow best at Bucksport, Maine, what kind of prune thrives best in Ore- gon's Willamette Valley, what type of orange is best fitted for California or Florida, or whether blonde or brunette hogs are best adapted to Utah, just write to the Department of Agriculture at Washington.
But this Department at Washington is only the great clearing house, the great storage place, which opens its flood-gates and pours forth its informa- tion and practical knowledge to every corner of the land.
Next to Washington on the spread- ing tree of agricultural education comes the Agricultural Colleges of the several states, and affiliated with them are Ex- tension Departments covering nearly every county in every state. When I say covering I mention the word with its broadest meaning, for in these coun- ties are stationed broadly informed and practically educated men who are de- votin gtheir lives to teaching the new or the old farmer how best to get re- sults from bis land.
The Extension Departments do not stoT) with the farmer. There is the woman advisor who goes into the homes and helps the housewife solve
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
15
her problems. Yes, in hundreds of counties these willing people are con- stantly on the move from farm to farm and home to home, not waiting for in- formation to sift through the old slow channels, but carrying it right to the people who need it most. In the be- g;inning the average farmer did not take so very kindly to the system, but when he saw his neighbor profiting by the practical advice, he awakened to his own chances and siezed the oppor- tunity. Soon the desire for knowledge 1)ecame general, until the farmers be- gan to get together, and now nearly every county, possessed of one or more advisors, has its organization known as the Farm Bureau, where mutual problems of every description are worked out even down to the ques- tion of marketing.
Did not know much about this sys- tem of education, did you, Mr. City Homeseeker? Now let me tell you what to do. First,' find your idea — what most a})pea]s to you and where best can the idea be developed. Settle on something definite. Don't go a-wan- dering. If it's corn and hogs, make it corn and hogs to the end of the chap- ter. If it is fruit culture of some de- scription, go after the fruit idea and stick to it.
Should your taste run to poultry — that is still another story, and there are plenty of other ideas that will appeal to each of you, according to your own tastes and desires.
Of course, there will be more or less variety in the entire make-up of a home place, no matter whether it is large or small, and even though you have a reasonable foundation, study won't do you a bit of harm.
So, with your ideas formed as to the type of production you may wish to follow, get in touch with either the fountain head of agricultural education at the Department of Agriculture in Washington, or with the Extension Di- vision of the Agricultural College in your own state — and study. After you think you know all about it, study some more, and then get a little closer in touch with the educators and their county advisors and glean practical ideas to accompany your book learning.
Finally you will come to the point, where you will desire to secure the lo- cation for this home of your dreams. Of course you will have a preference, and you can easily gratify it. But do not hurry. Take it easy and be per- fectly sure before you make an invest- ment.
My advice is, never to buy anything, particularly in real estate, that you nave never seen. You may have a friend in the locality where you wish to settle who can advise you, but re- member that buying a home is the event of a lifetime, so see that you buy right.
In regard to location and such accompanying questions, the govern- ment's great Agricultural Department and its far-reaching organization can- not help you. The men and women of this splendid system will go out of their v/ay to assist in your education before you really become a home- builder, and the county advisors will come to your assistance on call after you have settled, but they cannot enter into the work of locating you. For that you must depend upon yourself and upon the advice of men and women who have already become residents of the ]dace that ap])eals to your fancy.
One thing you can secure from the Department of Agriculture, and that is a statement of climate, production pos- sibilities and soil condtiions of any sec- tion of the country that has already been officially recorded, but when it comes to values you must look else- where.
However, "Uncle Sam" has made a special provision through the opf^rarion of the United States Railroad Adinin- istraticn for the furnishing of detailed infL'rmalion on lands m any slate in the Union. This is done through the Agricultural Section of the Railroad Administration, and this section is working in the closest harmony and co- operation with the Department of Ag- riculture. The section has its head- quarters at Washington, with repre- sentatives in every corner of the coun«- try where railroads operate, and a let- ter to Mr. J. L. Edwards, Manager of the Agricultural Section, will put you in touch with authentic information.
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I have not told you one-half the story, but I am going to give you just a few direct bits of advice.
Unless you understand the farming game, and particularly the work of new development, avoid the taking up of government land, unless it is land lo- cated under one of the government's reclamation systems.
Avoid the average land locator who would take you out and show you a government location at a fixed price per acre, Remember that, with the ex- ception of a few of the western states, the good government locations have long since been absorbed and what is left needs high-class reclamation be- fore it can become valuable.
Check fully on the promises and statements of the land boomer. Ex- amine into the responsibility of any such dealer with whom you may come in contact.
Be sure you are fitted mentally and physically for the struggle v/ith Na- ture before you start ; then, with proper knowledge, a home selected in a place where success is a possibility, a deter- mination to succeed, a full realization that work will win, and an amount of capital parallel to your ideas, you will I at least be started on the road toward a successful homebuilding, is the opin- ion of
The Pipe Organ — Zion National Monument
Temple of Sinawava — Zion National Monument
Zion National Monument
A Personal Appreciation
By JACK LAIT
Polloiv'mg is a letter from Jack Lait, after a visit to Zion Canyon. Mr. Lait is a newspaper tmin, zvith tiventy years of experience as a zvriter behind him. He is noted as the originator of the story-a-day idea, zvhich wa^ thought impracticable of execution until Mr. Lait proved its possibility. Mr. Lait is now in Chicago, zvith the Chicago Tribune. In addition to his nezvs- paper zvork Mr. Lait zvrites for many of the top-notch magazines of the coimtry, and is the author of several novels. His description of Zion National Monument, zvhich follozvs, is characteristic of his virile, gripping and colorful style.
ZION NATIONAL MONUMENT— Written by Walt Whitman, illustrated by Sargent, set to music by Wagner, O.K.'d by Almighty God as a composite masterpiece in poetry, color and symphony !
Jack Lait.
JUST returned from Utah's scenic wonderland en route for my Chicago home on the flat prairies 'midst the smoke and grit. I must pause in Utah's metropoHs to express my stunned im- pressions of the staggering stupendous- ness of Utah's magic-touched "hinter- land," known generally as the Zion Can- yon country.
And I make bold to predict that be- fore many months have come to chal- lenge this prophecy this Utah combina- tion of phenomenal natural manifesta- tions will have become one of the fore- most playgrounds and showspots of America for the tourists, explorers, va- cationists and American-first devotees.
There are two distinct though blend- ing phases to the charm of the Zion trip — the mad and mammoth whimsicali- ties of nature and the incredibly fascinat- ing, indescribably patient and heroic handiwork of the settlers thereabouts.
Can Appreciate, Not Explain
I am no naturalist as was my kindly companion and host, Douglas White, an
official of the Salt Lake Route, who picked me and my family up where D. S. Spencer of the Oregon Short Line sur- rendered me for the further progress of the journey, through the manifold and variegated phenomena of the west. But it is given to every man to dififerentiate between the commonplace and the extra- ordinary. I cannot explain the myriad freaks of prehistoric glacial, volcanic and erosive action ; but I can gasp and rave, marvel and exclaim.
To reach Zion Monument one alights at Lund, where he is led to a fine and suitable car which trundles him into Ce- dar City, thence along mountain roads, ledges at rock bases, to the turn near Echo farm, then past mesas and over clififs and through valleys to Grafton, Rockville, Springdale and into the Zion National Monument, slightly within which has been erected the camp, in a cool, shady, protected nook, a few yards ofif the road.
There horses are provided for the fur- ther journey into a labyrinth of chasms, past the array of hulking, towering, jag-
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EL GOBERNADOR — THE GREAT WHITE MOUNTAIN OF ZION Height from Creek Bed 3050 Feet
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ged mountains of rock and clay and sand, no two the same, with Canyons torn among them as though cleared by the rush of some brobdignagian bull on a de- lirious rampage, whirling and spinning to right and left, snorting out great holes in the earth, brushing down forests to make room for a sweep of a mile-wide tail, gouging out interminable caverns with frantic plowing of untrammeled horns.
Two and a half miles high they run on the west side to the plateaus and forest jungles beyond the rim. Along their slabs and bulges of surface the kivas of clifif dwellers, many still in splendidly illumi- nating state of preservation, are visible from the Canyon floor and accessible by tortuous and labyrinthian climbs.
Magic in Every Turn
The sun in its shading changes throws varieties of stupefying lights, high-lights and afterglows upon the metal and water and oil and rock and soil and sand and timber and slate and lava and feldspar and sandstone and lime formations. One may not look too long at any one optical objective — it is too intoxicating.
The traveler turns and twists and fords and steers. And from every angle every mountain is new again.
Wierd faces carved by rain and the erosion of time and wind and water star- tle one. Camels are riding up the impos- sible slopes ; Napoleon meets one face to face at a bend in the roadless road ; a haughty aborigine sneers from a gigantic boulder beyond ; there is a steamboat, twenty times lifesize, in relief ; hard by is a sphinx ; around that obliterating curve one will behoW a stone god, crouched before a rock throne in the cen- ter of the Temple of Sinawava, the stilly and magnificent natural castle of the cliff dwellers' heathen deity.
Up, farther the jagged paths grudging- ly yield highway. Then one can ride no further ; even native horses who would dare anything and go anywhere can go nowhere. Then to foot, scrambling on- ward along the tumbling', grumbling creek, wading, stumbling, fighting tangled brush, to where the walls rise sheer and shoreless straight from the waters' purl- ing edge and nature growls and says — man shall go no further ; the remaining
secrets are not for his eyes — only the fish, the birds, the cougars miles high above, the deer leaping the crags and traversing the natural bridges, may know what transpires there.
Many romantic names are given to the mountains — the Eastern and Western Temples, the Great Trio, the Guard- ian Angels, El Gobernador, the Pipe Or- gan, the Temple of Sinawava, Weeping Rock, Mountain of the Sun, Angels' Landing, and many more. Down their sides trickle and bubble springs that come from nowhere, pelting out of the bare- faced granite, falling to where the eye cannot see through underbrush, all feed- ing the maw of the fickle "Rio Virgin," which has irrigated and fertilized here today and destroyed and ravished and. exiled there tomorrow.
So much for the clutch of the eye.
No less thrilling is the observation of the sturdy men and women who, rock- ribbed in their faith, have wrestled with the frothing might of the conscienceless waters and with the arid stubbornness of the defiant earth.
Mute witnesses stand in buildings and fences and miles of hacked ditches to prove that, once conquered, the elements have yet fought fiercely and in many de- plorable instances won back their own reward of undisturbed desolation. De- serted villages where men had won foot- hold and where the river had retaken its trenches are in multitude. Reyond them, always further up, always further beyond the reaching claws of the devastating river, these men have pushed, until upon the hillsides and on the plateau one sees fields verdant and pregnant, bearing trop- ical profusions of fruits and grains — figs, pomegranates, peaches — sucking water over hard-fought miles from the veins of the hostile streams themselves, flying the prosperous banners of their victorious battles down into the snarling and ruffled countenances of the avenging Virgin and the smaller, but equally bestial creeks.
Nature's Monuments
Happy communities of these families who have claimed and re-claimed boun- ties from the hard faces of rock and the barren bodies of sand and soil are scat- tered wherever a spade can turn or a drill can bore or all that human can do to
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dislodge an inch of all that nature at bay can withstand. They have erected mon- umental temples to the living God, dedi- cated in their own manner of worship, lifted by jocund hands, stone upon stone, till there they stand, the community bat- tlements of a triumphant people, symbols of permanency, fortresses of faith, obe- lisks of optimism, ministers and monitors of mankind, paying homage to the Maker
in sacrifice and courage and humility. It is good for a stranger to stand with his head bared and his soul receptive as he contemplates the massive structures of nature, the fortitude and cunning of man, the inscrutable and colossal might and mercies of God.
In Zion National Monument, Utah's everlasting spectacle, he must realize all these.
LOOKING DOWN INTO THE HEART OF ZION CANYON FROM EASTERN RIM
IDAHO'S Opportunities
jJxe Land of Glistening \\^aters
By COL. JOEL L. PRIEST
A DRY farmer in Idaho, with his two sons, raised 120,000 bushels of wheat last year at a cost of 65 cents per bushel. He farms on a tremendous scale, using steam tractors for breaking up his soil, steam combines for the harvest. For his wheat he received $1.90 per bushel, his crop averaging slightly better than 20 bush- els to the acre.
The farmer I refer to is J. W. Webster and the ranches of himself and sons, aggre- gating about 8.000 acres, are situated on the fertile "bench" six miles from Rexburg, Idaho. Mr. Webster is the most extensive dry farmer in Idaho and one of the most expert. But what he has done on a large scale is being duplicated in miniature in other dry farming sections. It may and doubtless does cost smaller producers more money to grow wheat but most of them are securing splendid returns from their work.
Dry farming in Idaho is only one of many opportunities for the home seeker. Any man who is willing to do an honest day's work, who is willing to forget the clock, who does not fear the incidental hardships of home building in a new land will find in Idaho an avenue along which he may travel to eventual ease and plenty.
Non-irrigated land may still be had in Idaho at reasonable prices, the cost varying with proximity to or distance from rail transportation facilities, towns and cities. There is still a large quantity of govern- ment land open to entry under the various homestead acts through the United States land offices at Blackfoot, Hailey and Boise. Much land has been taken up during the last few years, so that the homeseeker may be sure of reasonably close neighbors wherever he may go. During the year prior to the entry of America into the great war the Blackfoot land office ranked first among the land offices of the government in the number of homestead entries.
From the time one enters Idaho from either the south through Utah or the east through Wyoming, until he enters the state of Oregon on the west or Montana on the north, homeseekers' opportunities are ap- parent. There are, of course, some stretches on the railroad main line that look unpro- ductive, but the homeseeker's attention is called to the fact that the governinent has
under consideration vast reclamation enter- prises and that Idaho is regarded with the highest favor by those who will be in charge of the work.
The United States Reclamation Service has reason to be proud of its work in Idaho. The Minidoka project, comprising approxi- mately 200,000 acres, and the Boise project with about the same area, have certainly been among the most successful — and many observers place them in the very fore front — of all the government's reclamation un- dertakings.
The Minidoka project derives its supply of water from the Snake River, a never fail- ing river that has been called the life blood of Idaho, by means of a dam some miles from the railroad junction of Minidoka. Rupert, now a thriving little city of 1,500, fourteen miles from Minidoka on what is known as the Twin Falls branch, is the cap- ital of this project. Ten years ago the country was a sage brush desert. In 1918 the value of its crops was more than the total cost of the project.
Anourock dam, which impounds the water of the Boise River for the project of that name, is the highest irrigation dam in the world. It makes possible the storage of 243,000 acre feet of water; that is enough water to cover 243,000 acres to a depth of one foot. This project, too, has been tre- mendously successful. In it is comprised the famous Boise Valley, noted for its tem- perate climate, its wealth in dairying, agri- cultural products of every kind, live stock and deciduous fruits. One of the largest milk condensaries in the United States is located in the Boise Valley at Nampa.
Idaho's Carey Act, or private irrigation enterprises have been almost universally successful. The older projects, along the upper Snake River Valley north of Poca- tello, showed what could be done by irriga- tion. More than 600,000 acres of land are under irrigation at Ashton, Idaho, and the crops never fail. St. Anthony, Idaho, is known as the seed pea capital of the world because more seed peas, all raised within a radius of 30 miles of the town, are handled in St. Anthony than anywhere in the coun- try.
Idaho Falls, where the Yellowstone Park branch leaves the Butte main line, ships potatoes by thousands of carloads. This is
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the pioneer potato producing territory of the state, although potatoes are also raised very extensively in the Twin Falls and other sections. Idaho potatoes have become well known in California and in all the important markets of the world as of the highest ciuality.
Perhaps the best known private irriga- tion project in Idaho is the original Twin Falls enterprise on the south side of the Snake River, comprising 216,000 acres. Al- though work was started on the dam at Milner, in the Snake River, only 15 years ago, the country today looks as well set- tled a farming land as any in the central west. Various flourishing cities and towns have grown up, the most important being Twin Falls, with 7,000 people. A short time ago a business lot in Twin Falls sold for $21,000.00. And the joke of the transaction is that the banking concern that bought the lot as a site for its building, was offered the identical property ten years before for $500.
Across the Snake River from the Twin Falls country is the North Side project which, after some unavoidable delays and difficulties, has come into its own. There there are nearly 200,000 acres, practically all of which is either producing richly in grain, hay, seed, potatoes, sugar beets and other crops, or is capable of doing so. There are good schools, churches of all denomina- tions, and every opportunity for happy home construction.
There is not space in this brief outline of Idaho's opportunities to describe all of the state's successful irrigation enterprises. Mention should be made, however, of the Lost River project at Arco and the Idaho at Richfield. Both of these enterprises have land available for homeseekers and under attractive conditions.
Several other irrigation undertakings are in contemplation in Southern Idaho and will be brought to completion at as early a date as possible. These projects will sup- ply employment for many men and will furnish homes for hundreds of those who are turning back to agricultural pursuits.
Idaho's best known fruit section includes the Boise Valley and runs west through Nampa, Caldwell, Parma, Ontario, Oregon, Emmett, Payette and Weiser, Idaho, and up to Council on the P. & I. N. railroad. Ap- ples and prunes, raised in this territory, have taken first prizes in competition with the most famous producing sections of the country. Idaho's Italian prunes in both fresh and dried form ,have become widely known for their excellent qualities.
What is known as the "Panhandle," or northern part of Idaho is noted for the pro- ductivity of its non-irrigated lands. Mil- lions of bushels of wheat are produced an- nually in the country around Lewiston, Moscow, Grangeville, Sand Point and other cities of the north. Recently there has been considerable activity in cut-over lands, land from which a wealth of timber has been
taken and which is now yielding more wealth in agricultural and horticultural pro- ducts.
The agricultural college, located at Mos- cow, has been a tremendously potent fac- tor in the agrarian development of the state. With an extension department at Boise, the capital and principal city, with county agents in practically every county, the college has been and is an invaluable aid, not only to the newly located home- seekers, but to the long established settler.
At the session of the Idaho legislature just closed a bill known as House Bill 100 was enacted and, signed by the governor. M This bill carries an apropriation of $100,- ^ 000 and provides the necessary machinery for co-operation with the government in all national enterprises looking toward the making of homes for returned soldiers and for others who wish to come to Idaho. The government measure providing $100,000,000 for this work failed to pass in the rush of the closing hours of the last congress but it will surely go through at the special ses- sion which will doubtless be called during the next few months, and its passage will find Idaho ready.
The last legislature also appropriated sev- eral millions of dollars to be expended on highways throughout the state. Liberal sums were alloted for educational purposes, for the construction of new and better build- ings for state institutions, including a bond issue of $900,000 for the completion of the capitol building at Boise by adding two wings. These public works, together with the many private enterprises that are being- planned, will create a lively and continuous demand for labor.
Idaho is a state that no one need fear to visit, either as tourist or homeseeker. Its population is composed almost entirely of native-born Americans and they are Ameri- cans, through and through. I have had op- portunities to keep in close touch with the state's war activities and it is a source of pride to me, as to all citizens of Idaho, that our commonwealth has always been in the very front of every patriotic procession.
In every one of the four Liberty Loan campaigns Idaho exceeded her quota by millions. To a lesser degree this is true of every drive. Whether it was Red Cross, I Salvation Army, United War Work. Y. M. C. A., Armenian Relief or any other pa- triotic or charitable movement, Idaho more than met every demand. This strikes me as being a splendid record for a state that in no sense enjoyed special profits as a re- sult of the nation's war activities.
Assurances come from all sections of the state that Idaho will go far over the top in the approaching Victory Loan campaign. County chairmen are saying to State Head- quarters that all the information they want is the amount of their respective quotas. They say they will do the rest. I mention these things not in a spirit of boastfulness, for other states have done at least as well
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as Idaho, but merely that those who may not be familiar with our citizenship may know there is no taint of disloyalty among us.
Idaho invites loyal citizens of everj'^ class and condition who are willing to work hon- estly and faithfully, who are anxious to rear their children where educational advantages
are of the finest, where the high grade ore of patriotism assays 100 per cent pure metal, where the waters are clearest and the sun- shine is brightest. We assure them a greet- ing unreserved in its hospitality, an oppor- tunity to work out, with us, the destiny of a state that will surely rank among the nation's greatest.
Panhandle of Idaho
Wnere trie Husbanaman Finds Prosperity
By CHARLES E. ARNEY
THE PANHANDLE of Idaho, cut off from commercial and social relations with the southern portion of the state by insurmountal)Je mountains extending* from the Canadian boundary on the north to the Salmon and Snake rivers on the south, has a prosperous, contented, indus- trious population of rich, red-blooded patriots who chiefly spend their money at home, but whose accumulations, past and present, are anything but negligible to the 1)oundary east and western states, Montana and Washington.
Many of the skyscrapers of Riverside and Sprague avenues in Spokane, and an appreciable number of the attractive, com- fortable and spacious homes around the parks on the hill at Spokane were built and are titled today to Idaho miners, farmers and lumber men who have the rich and fertile hills, forests, valleys and prairies' of the Panhandle of Idaho to thank for these valued and appreciable assets.
Many of the larger developed power plants of Montana find valuable sale of their product across the Idaho line where tliey furnish light and power for cities and mines.
No place in the west is there a more optimistic, loyal class of citizenship to the attributes at hand than in northern Idaho. The miner of the hills; the woodsman oi the forest; the farmer in the field; the manufacturer in the factory; the husband- man in the orchard, all are proud of the past, appreciate the opportunity of the present and have an abiding faith in the future.
With all the acquired riches from these nature's rich treasured stores of wealth, the Panhandler of Idaho is more firm in his faith of the unfolding future of this
vast empire than at any period of its de- velopment, dating from the establishment of the Old Mission on the Coeur d'Alene river in the Kootenai country and the find- ing of gold at Pierce City in 1861.
No human ingenuity can disturb the loyalty of Wallace, Kellogg, Burke or Mul- lan to the unfolding and undiscovered rich- ness of the hills of its well proven mineral belt. No greater faith abides in the breast of man than that of the Potlatch, the- Camas or the Nez Perce farmer in the substantial and everlasting productivity of its soil so suited to grain, grass and vege- table growth. Fixed, firm and genuine be- lief in the never-failing quantities and qualities of its finely flavored, richly colored fruit, extending to the more European varieties, is religion with the citizen of Lewiston and vicinity.
Coeur d'Alene citizens point with prided enthusiasm to its mirrored lake, Coeur d'Alene, with its beautiful sandy beaches, a veritable summer playground for thou- sands of summer tourists; its Hayden Lake with its wonderful abundance of speckled trout, its spacious Bozanta Tavern and 'its popular golf course.
Sandpoint enthuses righteously over its great Lake Pend d'Oreille. with a shore line fifth in length of all fresh water lakes wholly within the United States, and teem- ing with its annual runs of the far-famed white fish bearing the name of the lake, the pride of the best fish markets and din- ing rooms of the larger western cities.
The proud people of all the Panhandle of Idaho boast with reason of the largest body of standing white pine timber in the United States, covering the hills and well up the rugged sides of the mountains of the North Fork of the beautiful Clearwater river.
N
evada s
xjL
ctivities
In tne Encouragement of Reclamation
By C. A. NORCROSS
THE recent session of the Nevada legis- lature appropriated $1,000,000 for re- clamation and settlement work in co- operation with the federal government, in anticipation of the passage at the extra session of Congress of the Lane Soldiers' Settlement bill. A new irrigation district law was passed, enabling farmers and land- owners to finance the storage, diversion and control of the waters of the streams. The existing drainage district law was amended to conform to the model laws of other states. Finally, bond issues were author- ized by the State and counties for the con- struction of public roads, aggregating $3,100,000.00.
In view of the past conservatism of the State with respect to appropriations for land reclamation and settlement and public highways, the foregoing comparatively large appropriations are significant of the changed view-point. In other words, the people of the state, somewhat belatedly, have come to acknowledge the force of the precept that •"Heaven helps those who help themselves," and we are now to set about in earnest the business of constructive state-building.
Let us survey for a moment the agricul- tural situation.
Nevada is the sixth largest state in phys- ical area; is the most arid of all, and irriga- tion is essential to crop growing. Of the 70,285,440 acres of land surface, 13,000,000 acres are irreclaimable deserts. About 40,- 000,000 acres more are range lands (moun- tain and valley) which can never be put to any better use than for grazing livestock. On these last-mentioned public ranges 500,- 000 cattle and 1,500,000 sheep now find, in the native vegetation, the greater part of their subsistence. Other than on the For- est Reserves, there is at present no control of livestock on these public grazing com- mons with the result that the carrying ca- pacity is decreasing. Within the Forest Re- serves, subject to Federal control, it is in- creasing. The situation has become so acute that the stockmen, once violent oppo- nents of Forest Service regulations, are about ready to endorse Federal control of the entire range. It is demonstrable that a few years of such control will restore the range vegetation, and that the carrying ca- pacity in time can be materially increased.
The range, it will be noted, is an impor- tant factor in Nevada agriculture from two
standpoints, namely: the number and value of livestock produced on the range, on the one hand, and the fact that the feeding of a part of this livestock during the winter season, before shipment to the stockyards, afifords a constant market at good prices for all the forage crops produced. No oth- er state has a more immediate and certain market for its leading agricultural staples.
Nevada also has about 18,000,000 acres of arable valley land, possessing rich soils from which the present farm lands of the state are, and future farm lands will be, re- claimed. The water supply of the streams is the controlling factor limiting the farmed and farmable acreage. At present 900,000 acres of land are irrigated, of which only 350,000 acres are intensively cultivated, leav- ing 550,000 acres producing only native grasses. These latter require drainage for the most part before alfalfa, wheat, pota- toes, sugar beets and other staple crops can be grown. It is estimated that when stor- age systems are established to conserve the flood waters of the streams and all the wa- ter is put to beneficial use, the irrigated area can be increased to 1,500,000 acres.
More than 500,000 acres of the 900,000 acres now irrigated are comprised in 350 large ranches, averaging over 1500 acres of irrigated lands each. One of the state's problems will be the subdivision and colo- nization of these large ranches into small farms. All the legal authority and machin- ery for purchasing, subdividing and colo- nizing these great ranches is embodied in the reclamation and settlement act passed by the recent legislature. Since, on the average, 100 acres (or less) ot such irrigated lands will support a farm family independ- ently, the conserved water supply of the streams will ultimately be sufficient for 15 000 farm families on such 100-acre farm units, or five times the present number of farmers.
Nevada, climatically, is a delightful and healthful place in which to live. The win- ters are comparatively mild, the days full of sunshine, the nights cool and the atmos- phere invigorating. There is a charm to the mountain, desert and reclaimed land- scape which speedily gets hold of every one who spends a season in the state.
Clark County, in extreme Southern Ne- vada, is semi-tropical. Moapa valley and the Virgin River valley, under better meth-
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ods of farming, are capable of producing three-fold more than at present. The grow- ing season is nine months long. Six crops of alfalfa are harvested; the wheat acreage- yield leads the country; almonds, walnuts, tigs, cantaloupes, grapes, etc., thrive. Simi- lar sub-tropical conditions also obtain in the great Las Vegas valley. Here irrigation is by artesian wells. The soil of this valley, however, is deficient for the most part in plant food and must first go through a pro- cess of soil-building before successful crops may be grown. But such practice has been found to pay. In Southern Nevada experi- ments recently made with Pima (long- staple) cotton on a small scale have proved so successful that very complete demonstra- tions will be made this year. If successful this section will receive an awakening.
Alfalfa, wheat, potatoes, etc., are the lead- ing staples of Northern and Central Ne- vada. The most successful type of farming is the growing of forage crops and their conversion into beef, mutton and dairy pro- ducts. The dairy industry is increasing with plenty of room for expansion. Poul- try has been a much-neglected industry, but is now coming to the front. The Nevada potato has a Western reputation for quality and yield. Orchard and small fruits and vegetables of all kinds are grown for home consumption, with some opportunities for truck gardening.
From the homeseeker's standpoint it may be stated that there are substantially no op- portunities left in Nevada to find a home- stead entry on the public domain where a water supply for irrigation can be devel- oped by the settler. All the normal flows of the streams have long since been appro-
priated and utilized on existing farms. Un- til, therefore, under the operations of the Reclamation and Settlement Act, water storage and irrigation systems are con- structed and new lands made ready for oc- cupancy, or large ranches subdivided into small farms under the same act, Nevada will not be ready for colonists. Thereafter, it will have farm opportunities to ofTer homeseekers as attractive as may be found in any other part of the country.
Meanwhile prospective settlers, with first preference always for returning soldiers, can shortly find employment, if they desire, on the irrigation works destined to reclaim the arable valleys, also in the leveling of the lands and their preparation for immediate crop growing when turned over to the set- tler.
For Nevada proposes to make its new settlers successful! While the plan of farm settlement has not yet been formulated by the Reclamation and Settlement Board, it will undoubtedly provide for farm-units large enough to enable a farm family in time to become independent, with a perma- nent water right for its irrigation, the land leveled for crops and some provision made for the farm home, fences, livestock, imple- ments and other necessary ejuipment. The settler will have to satisfy the board of his ability to succeed if given an allotment; must pay down some part of the cost there- of; must have left some operating capital to carry the enterprise to a success and will be given a long period, — 30 to 40 years, — to repay the balance on some plan of amor- tized payments similar to the Federal Land Bank Act.
THE VICTORY LOAN
The success of the Victory Loan called for by Uncle Sam is the finishing job of the great victorious war. The fighting is over, with the enemy conquered, the sacrifice of human lives, stopped, and peace and safety assured through the bravery and supreme sacrifices of the American Army and Navy. The purchase of the Victory Loan securities is a part of the original obligations assumed by the Government during the fighting at the front, obligations which were incurred at the will of the people through action of Congress, and the debts must be met promptly. It is the duty of every individual to come into line and help the Nation come through with the full amount of the Victory Loan obligation.
Victory leaves the Nation with war bills still to be paid. Some of these will be paid by taxes; the balance must be met through the sale of Government securities. The amount of the Victory Loan must be purchased by millions of the people, if business and industry are tO' prosper and if we would avoid the serious danger of less business, fewer jobs and less wageD which would undoubtedly result if the job was placed upon the banks.
Official announcement of the amount and terms of the Government Victory Loan has been made by the Secretary of the Treasury. The amount is $4,500,000,000, and it is stated that over-subscription will be rejected. The interest rate w^ill be 4% percent, attractive indeed when linked as it is with a Government security backed by every resource of this Nation.
The security will be in the form of notes and will carry partial tax exempt features. They will be convertible, if desired, into 3% percent notes tax exempt, these notes are to run four years, the Treasury reserving the privilege of redeeming them in three years. These notes are to be exempt from State and local taxation excepting State and Inheritance tax and from normal rates of Federal Income Taxes.
The Victory Loan Drive will start April 21st and close May 10th.
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ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
United States Railroad Administration
WALKER D. MINES. Director General of Railroads
Agricultural Section— Division of Traffic
J. L. Edwards, Manager, Washington, D. C.
Northern and Western Zone
Including all States north of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and the north boundaries of
Arkansas, Texas and California
STANDING COMMITTEE
C. L. SEAGRAVES, A. T. & S. F. R. R., Chairman, Chicago
F. S. WELCH,
N. Y. CENTRAL R. R..
NEW YORK.
W. L. ENGLISH,
S. L. & S. F. R. R.,
ST. LOUIS.
J. B. LAMSON.
C. B. & Q. R. R.,
CHICAGO.
F. S. McCABE,
C. ST. P. & O. R. R.
ST. PAUL, MINN.
J. L. BRICKER,
N. P. R. R.,
ST. PAUL, MINN.
DOUGLAS WHITE,
L. A. & S. L. R. R.,
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
Pacific District
States of California, Oregon, Utah, Idaho and Nevada
DOUGLAS WHITE, Committeeman in charge District Headquarters, Room 449 Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, California
DISTRICT COMMITTEES
CALIFORNIA COMMITTEE — JURISDICTION, STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DOUGLAS WHITE, Chairman, L. A. & S. L. R. R., Los Angeles, California
H. W. SMITH,
S P R R
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
JOHN R. HAYDEN,
SANTA FE R. R.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
W. J. SHOTWELL,
W. P. R. R..
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
M. L. GILLOGLY,
N. W. P. R. R.,
SAN FRANCISCO. CALIF.
THOMAS ELLIOTT
AMERICAN RAILWAY EXPRESS
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
T. J. DAY,
PACIFIC ELECTRIC RY. LOS ANGELES, CALIF J. E. STANLEY, S. D. & A. R. R., SAN DIEGO, CALIF. L. H. RODEBAUGH, O. A. & E. RY., OAKLAND, CALIF. J. R. WILSON, S. N. R. R.,
SACRAMENTO. CALIF. A. E. WARMINGTON, CAL. SOUTHERN R. R., LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
J. C. STONE,
CENTRAL CALIF. TRACTION,
STOCKTON, CALIF.
F. E. CHAPIN, PENINSULAR ELEC. R< R., SAN JOSE, CALIF.
FRANK M. JENNIFER.
T. & T. R. R.,
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
M. A. BYRNE,
Committee Secretary. L. A. & S. L. R. R., LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
H. A. HINSHAW, S P R R PORTLAND, ORE. C. E. ARNEY, N. P. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH. R. H. CROZIER, S. P. & S. R. R. PORTLAND, ORE.
OREGON COMMITTEE— JURISDICTION, STATE OF OREGON
C. L. SMITH, Chairman, O. W. R. & N., Portland, Oregon
WM. McMURRAY, J. L. MEIER,
S^S^t'^Vt'^- ^J^' GREAT SOUTHERN R. R..
PORTLAND, ORE. o^dt-i Axin. r^oc
F. D. HUNT, PORTLAND, ORE.
C>^5■-T■^■^x,•?■•r^o^■ CLARENCE E. POTTER,
PORTLAND, ORE. ^ -..^ c *
Committee secretary.
CHAS. T. EARLY, n W R R /*, N
MT. HOOD R. R., O'^- ^- ^- ^ ^■'
PORTLAND. ORE. PORTLAND, ORE.
INTERMOUNTAIN COMMITTEE— JURISDICTION, STATES
JOEL PRIEST, Chairman, Oregon Short Line Re W. H. OLIN,
D. & R. G. R. R., DENVER, COLO.
C. E. ARNEY. N. P. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH.
W. P. WARNER, C. M. & S. P. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH.
F. W. GRAHAM,
GT. NORTHERN R. R.,
SEATTLE. WASH.
FRANK M. JENNIFER,
T. & T. R. R.,
LOS ANGELES, CAL.
WALDO G. PAINE, S. & I. E. R. R., SPOKANE. WASH.
ROSS BEESON,
S. L. & U .R. R.,
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
J. W. ELLINGSON. U. I. & C. R. R., OGDEN, UTAH.
W. T. WALLACE, BOISE TRACTION CO., BOISE, IDAHO.
OF UTAH, IDAHO, NEVADA
ilroad, Boise. Idaho
C. A. BARTON. INTERMOUNTAIN R. R.. BOISE. IDAHO.
H. E. DUNN, P. & I. N. R. R.. WEISER, IDAHO.
J. W. LOWRIE
BAMBERGER LINES.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
H. W. SMITH,
S P R R
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. ■
A. V. PETERSON,
Committee Secretary. O. S. L. R. R.. SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH.
The Agricultural Section, Division of Traffic, is formed for the purpose of encouraging Agricultural Development and Furnishing Information to Prospective Homeseekers. Information on these subjects may be secured by addressing any of the above named Committeemen, or
J. L. EDWARDS, Manager Agricultural Section, U. S. R. R. Administration WASHINGTON, D. C.
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE 29
Information for Homeseekers
THE U. S. RAILROAD ADMINISTRA- TION has established a Homeseekers Bureau to furnish free information about opportunities in the several States to those who wish to engage in farming, stock raising and kindred pursuits. If this appeals to YOU, write today, letting us know what kind of data you want, and naming the State, the advantages of which you desire to investigate.
Address the Undersigned, or, if more convenient, communicate w^ith the Agricul- tural Agent of any railroad in the territory in which you are interested. The informa- tion thus furnished can be depended upon as being reliable.
J. L. Edwards, Manager
Room 500 Agricultural Section
U. S. RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D. C.
30
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
NEW
ARLINGTON
HOTEL
Santa Barbara, California
An absolutely fireproof hotel. All out- side rooms, affording plenty of light and air. Headquarters for tourists from all parts of the world. Private lavatories in connection with all rooms. Ideal climate the year round.
E. P. DUNN, Lessee.
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JUie Live Travel Magazine of tne Pacific Soutnwest
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The Arrowhead Magazine covers practi- cally every part or tne Unitea States, is distriDuted to -westoound tnrougn passengers on all trains over the Salt Lake Route and is a live advertising medium. Advertising rates on application,
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ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
449 Pacific Electric Building
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
THE MOST EXCLUSIVE BUSINESS SCHOOL IN THE CITY
Thorough training In Gregg, Pitman Shorthand, Typewriting, Dictaphone, Bookkeeping, Commercial Spanish, Civil Service Preparatory and Secreta- rial Courses and University trained teachers. Individual instruction pro- duces efHciency in half the time and at half the expense of classroom work. Students may enroll at any time. Rapidity, Accuracy and Absolute Effi- ciency is our motto. Day and evening classes.
SCHOOL OF
I PRIVATE SECRETARIES
m
^"' Floor BAKER-DETWILER BLDG
on 6'" ST BLTW HILL
HOME - A 6389
OLIVE STS
LEADING THEATRES and PLACES of
AMUSEMENT
IN LOS ANGELES
Broadway, Between 6th and 7th Streets, LOS ANGELES
PHONE: Main 977 Home 10477
BILL CHANGED EVERY MONDAvThe Standard of Vaudeville
EVERY NIGHT at 8 o'clock. 10c, to $1.00 MATINEES at 2 o'clock Daily. 10c to 50c, Maticees, Sat., Sun. and Holidays 10c to 75c
r
) A T TT A -\J€ T^ TD A ^° *^^ Heart of tKe New 731 SOUTH HILL STREET
7tli Street Stopping District
HIGH CLASS PHOTO -PLAYS ALWAYS
i Splendid Music A Real Home of the Silent Art Good Comedies
TALLY'S BROADWAY THEATRE ^^l^^B'^i!"
FINEST THEATRE PIPE ORGAN IN THE CITY
Exclusive showing of Clara Kimball Young, Norma Talmadge, Canstance Talmadge, Mary Pickford and other Notable Stars
Exclusive Showing of Charlie Chaplin Pictures
MEMBERS OF THE FIRST NATIONAL EXHIBITORS CIRCUT
SHOWS START: 11,1:30,3:30,5:30,7:15,9:00 PRICES: 15, 20 and 30 Cents
Seventh Street Between y'tKSt Broadway and Hill Street
Iways Shows Feature Films at Popular Prices Continuous, 11 A.M. to 11 P.M. Prices: 15, 20, 25 cents
TTUT? CTTDThTD "R a 518 S. Broadway
iTli OUr^lirVJL)i\ LosAngeles, Cal
SHOWING ONLY THE HIGHEST AND BEST OF THE CINEMA ART The Superba is regarded as one of the very finest Picture Theatres in America.
SYMPHONY THEATRE ""i^^i."""
NOTHING BUT SUPER FEATURE PLAYS
k OTHER FEATURES MAKES THE SYMPHONY "THE BRIGHT SPOT OF BROADWAY"
'SHOWS: 11 A. M., 12:30 P. M., 2, 3:30, 5. 6:30, 8 and 9:30 P. M, CHANGE OF PROGRAMME SUNDAYS
AMERICA'S FOREMOST PHOTO - PLAY EDIFICE
FIRST RUN
'^iifopim
Artcraft, Paramount and Special Productions
40 Piece Symphony Orchestra Latest News Reels, Scenics and Comedies MILLER'S NEW THEATRE CONTINUOUS DT5Trc<j at wav« M.t. 15 - 25 - 35c
810 South Main Street u a. M. to U:30 P.M. PRICES ALWAYS Eve i5-25-35-50c
This space reserved for one of Los Angeles Leading Xneatres :: See next issue
SAN DIEGO
CALIFORNIA
^SHE COMBINATION of all ^^'^of Southern California's en- tertainments, plus the attractions provided by Uncle Sam in his army and navy aviation camps, concrete ship building yards, etc., together with that reBned atmo- sphere of a well-appointed home, the quiet dignity, central location and uncommonly attractive rates of the U. S. Grant Hotel, await you. Illustrated literature on re- quest.
ABSOLUTELY FIRE-PROOF
U.S.Grant Hotel
J. H, HolnxeSj Manager
O. L. CHAFFIN, Asst. Mgr.
— 35 minutes from Camp Kearny.
— 7 minutes from Balboa Park Naval Training
Station. — 20 minutes from U. S. Army and Navy
Navigation Schools.
Absolutely Fireproof
5 S 5
ROOMS— EacK with Private Batli
Tariff from $1.50
EUROPEAN PLAN
TRAVELERS who are accustomed to the best, find at the Clark every possible comfort, convenience and refinement. Luxurious appointments. The constant desire of each atten- dant is to render service, tireless, real service. Splen- did grill. Located in the heart of the cify, opposite beautiful central park.
FREE AUTO BUS MEETS TRAINS - WRITE FOR FOLDER
Under ManaKfment of M . D I M M I C K, Lessee
(llllilli
INE and GUIDE BOOK
d to Western f
and Development
MAY, 1919
TORY../"SOUTHERN CAUFORNIA
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
po.
lOK
OX
""Tl
8 The FIRST THING 1°,"^ g„^J° S
D D
IS A SET OFGOOD MAPS
lAjp p* Tl/p A better, more complete map of Southern Colifornia yytJ V7iVl-r than you can buy for money, shows every town, canyon, trail, beach, resort, camp, all the automobile roads.
ASK OUR INFORMATION DESK for maps, or on any matter which may make your stay in Southern California more pleasant.
SECUJKITYtrIjsx
D D
SAVINGS COMMERCIAL, TRUST
OLDEST AND LARGEST SAVINOS BANK IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
SECURITY CORNER EQUITABLE BRANCH
FIFTH AND SPRING
FIRST AND SPRING
ILo<
XOI
aox
NG ^
HOTEL WESTMINSTER
Comer Fourth and Main Streets - - Los Angeles, California
A HOTEL OF ESTABLISHED REPUTATION AND STANDING
Operated by O. T. JOHNSON CORPORATION
R. W. LARRITT, Hotel Manager
TARIFF:
With detached Bath JliSS do"u%^\ With private Bath 1).%%% Take our tan colored FREE BUS from all Depots
NGLE AND UP DOUBLE AND UP
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
DELICHTrUl. SEASIDE RESORT
ERKnTJONES
Ocean ParK
Don't Fail to Visit the Finest
Hostelry Along the Crescent Bayp,
14 Miles from Los Angeles
AMERICAN PLAN $3
Per Day and Upw^ards
Where Every Minute Is One of Pleasure
EUROPEAN PLAN $1 XZz::"
Right in the center of all amusements and attr'ictions of Sania Monica, Ocean Park and Venice. Winter surf bathing, warm salt water plunge bathing, GOLF, dancing, deep sea and pier fishing and countless other diversions. Finest motor boulevards. Beautiful mountain trails. Delightful climate.
SANTA CATALINA ISLAND
CALIFORNIA'S IDEAL SUMMER AND WINTER RESORT— CLIMATE NEAR
PERFECTION
STEAMER "CABRILLO" (346 passengers) makes daily trips. Wilmington Transportation Co. reserves the right to change steamer and times of sailing without notice. For time card and other information, inquire
BANNING COMPANY, Agents, 104 (Main Entrance) Pacific Electric BIdg.
PHONES: Sunset Main 36-Home 10864
LOS ANGELES i
V
CpRONADO BEACHyeAUrORNIA
OPEN ALL YEAR
AN HOUR'S AUTO RIDE FROM
CAMP KEARNEY
BAY and SURF BATHING, BOATING.
FISHING. MOTORING, GOLF. TENNIS.
H. F. Nororoem, Agreui
627 So. Spring St^ l^ott Aneelea
AV. A. Turquand, Manager
Coronado Ueai'h, Ciillfornia
30 MINUTES FROM SAN DIEGO
Tariff $5.00 and Upward. American Plan.
SAN FRANCISCO
HoTE St. Francis
FACING UNION SQUARE
(The Center of the City)
Within a few steps of the retail shops, the theatres, the financial and com- mercial districts. : Chinatown is but a few blocks distant
1000 ROOMS
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
\
»-.j I
C «- r" 1^ r- ^
m m w ,-« p I - «j_^_^_j.^ J:
^^ ^ —
P iRi' It If f ■• f s • r' r'
•ii y ki 1,«
HOTEL HAYWARD
Spring at Sixth, Los Angeles, California
THIS HOTEL IS ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF
K\)t Xosi gtngclcs! jlome of tClje Commercial iWen
200— ROOM NEW ANNEX OPEN— 200
Featuring COOL, LIGHT and COMMODIOUS ACCOMMODATIONS TO ALL GUESTS : : : :
Rooms with Bath $1.50 and up Without Bath, $1.00 and up
First- class Cafe in connection
H. C. FRYMAN, Proprietor
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
A. A^l K S Si A Ci li TO YOU
From
HOTEL SAN DIEGO
BROADWAY
A MILLION
Dining Room in Connection
DOLLAR Re-inforced Concrete FU RE-PROOF Building THE SAN DIEGO HOTEL
looms. MODERN, New, Largest and FINEST Popular Priced Hotel in SAN DIEGO
ANY DEPOT CAR PAST OUR DOOR RATES WITH BATH PRIVILEGE
Person $1.00 to $1.25 Per Day
Persons _ „ $1.50 to $2.00 Per Day
RATES WITH PRIVATE BATH
Person _.._ _... $1.50, $2.00, $2.50 Per Day
Persons _..- $2.50, $3.00, $4.00 Per Day
WE TRY AND MEET YOUR EVERY REQUIREMENT
SAM S. PORTER, LMiee
PHONES Main 5576 A 6473
BEST OF SERVICE PRICES REASONABLE FOR ALL
MISSION CAFE
Formerly at 311 West Fifth Street
FINEST AND BEST PLACE IN THE CITY TO EAT
GIURAS & MATULICH 527 South Spring Street, LOS ANGELES
Bonded
I7CMA.^^,rwvf U. S. Bond* r ireprOOt warehouse
Los Angeles Warehouse C«.
MOVING
PACKING
SHIPPING
The largest and safest repository for Iiouseliold goods on the coast. Consign to us and save money.
Household Goods Shipped East or West Reduced Rates. Write us about it.
316 Commercial St.
Mak 4787 A 4727
ACME BRASS FOUNDRY CO.
BRASS, COPPER, BELL METAL BRONZE, ZINC
AND ALUMINUM CASTINGS
860 North Main Street, Los Angeles, Caf.
Main 3422 • Phones • A 4073
THE BREAD
Used by the Salt Lake Route on their Diners is baked by
Davis Standard Bread Co.
120 N. Beaudrj Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.
TO SEE
LOS ANGELES
SEE US
PACKARD and HUDSON EQUIPMENT
CLARK
Auto & Taxi Co.
Lankershim Hotel
7th and Broadway
Main 1 A-1222
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
Hotel Stowell
i 414-416-418 SOUTH SPRING STREET (Near Fourth)
LOS ANGELES i
F I R E P R OOF
275 Rooms : Modern in Every Detail
C
CURTESY O M FORT ONVENIENCE
RATES :
ONE PERSON TWO PERSONS
$1.50 to $4.00 $2.50 to $5.00
EVER Y ROOM with BA TH |
and Circulating ICE WATER j
CAFE IN CONNECTION |
CENTRAL LOCATION |
ES^HpTEi
tP&Fi^ucroaSts. fe and Restaurant
Garage in connection
TakcToxi at Station at our expense
LieHoLLADAT Pres.
GeoACouins S«<x.
Back to the Land! ^Tne Nation s Duty and the Citizen s Opportunity
By JOHN DICKINSON SHERMAN
WHEN th^ American of 38 years of age was born the United States had a population of 50,155,783. Thirty out of every hundred people lived in the cities; the other seventy lived in the country. Year by year the cities have gained in population at the expense of the country. In 1910 the population had increased to 93,402,151 and 46.3 per cent of it was in the cities. The census of 1920 is expected to show that we have a population of about 110,000,000 and that more than half live in the cities.
In the decade between 1900 and 1910 our whole population increased 20.9 per cent, the urban 34.8 and the rural 11.2. The city population therefore increased nearly twice as fast as that of the rural districts. In six states there was an actual decrease in the rural population.
These figures show that the cities have taken more than their share of the immigrants and have also lured farmers from the farm.
This rapidly increasing disproportion between the food-producing population of the rural districts and the food-consuming population of the cities has long been recognized as a danger signal to the nation.
Moreover, to allow it to continue is to reject the greatest opportunity in the history of the nation.
The nation should bestir itself to keep every farmer on the farm; to get onto the farm every returning soldier who wants to go; to trans- plant every city man who belongs on the soil.
This is a large undertaking but one easily within the power of the nation. Certain conditions make the time ripe for it.
Farming as a business now offers inducements second to none and better than most. The federal government, with its farm loan board, its experiment station in every state and its farmers' bulletins; the states, with their agricultural colleges; the counties, with their expert agents and demonstrators — all stand ready to give the farmer service adequate to his needs.
There is good money to be made in farming. Until very recently less brains has been mixed with farming than with any other business.
7
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
Now, with brains and modern scientific methods, farming is one of the best-paying businesses on earth.
There are still millions of acres of unoccupied farm lands awaiting the plow; the public domain contains 230,657,755 acres of unreserved and unappropriated land, of which a large proportion is suitable for agriculture. There are 15,000,000 acres of swamp and overflowed lands which can be reclaimed. There are 200,000,000 acres of cut-over land fit for cultivation.
The nation's administrators and lawmakers should wake up to the ( situation that is at once a danger and an opportunity. France and Great Britain and all her colonies are busy getting their people on the soil. America lags behind when it is to her that a large part of the world must look for food for many a year.
Congress should pass Secretary Lane's great reclamation measure for work and homes for soldiers. The railroad administration should resume railroad advertising of farm lands and the work of colonization agents. Good roads, extension of agricultural education, betterment of country living conditions, development of farm labor supply, assurance of fair profits, financial assistance; all these should be the nation's imme- diate policy.
Back to the land! Every man on the farm is an asset and not a lia- bility. Agriculture is the foundation of the prosperity of this country and always will be. Land is the fundamental natural resource from which this nation draws its life. And the farmer is the bulwark of the nation.
Moreover, farming is a business in which a man of parts may take delight. It is an honest business . The farmer does not climb up by pulling others down. He has his place in the sun. If he chance to have an eye for beauty there are the recurrent miracle of the spring and the pageantry of the seasons. And Mother Nature is likely to throw in health, strength and happiness for good measure.
diniiiliiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiniiiiiiMiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMliMiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinMriiiiMiiiMiiin iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiji
I ANNOUNCEMENT
I Henry K. Silversmith, formerly of Spokane, Wash., comes to THE ARROWHEAD |
I as business manager. Mr Silversmith for the past twenty years has been associated |
I in various capacities with leading Pacific Coast development publications. His latest | j
= connection was with The Pacific Northwest Farm Trio, including The Washington, | 1
I 1 he Idaho and The Oregon Farmers, published at Spokane, Wash. |
I The business office of THE ARROWHEAD is permanently located at Room 449 | I
I Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, California. | ^
^iiiiiniiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiniiniuiiiniiniiMiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiMiiiiiniiiiiMniiiiiniiiiiMMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^ luiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiT
The ARRO^VHEAD
MAGAZINE and GUIDE BOOK
Devoted to \Vestern Travel and Development
Publisbed at Los Angeles, California, ior
Distribution on tbe Trains of tbe
Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad
Edited by DOUGLAS WHITE
Southern California
Los Angeles County Leads All Counties m tne Unitea States In Values of Soil Proauction ana Land Values
By MORRIS M. RATHBUN
WHEN Southern California is mentioned to the average resident east of the Sierras, it pictures merely a favored section of the far Southwest that posser^ses a charm all its own for those in affluent circum- stances, more able to afford a journey thither to escape the bitter cold or in- tense heat of their own community. Comparatively few are familiar with the real claims to fame of this farthest west favored section, kept perennially appealing for the habitation of man by the warm Japanese Current laving its palm lined shore.
In this era of rapid material prog- ress and human development, facts are wanted. However, masses of figures and general claims of superiority are set up in many instances and in others partial truths are utilized to make al- luring and convincing argument. Hence, to establish the relative status of Southern California as regards the rest of the United States, we may well begin with the reports of the United States Department of Agriculture.
Briefly set forth these indicate that California has 1.3 of the total land in the United States under cultivation. It has less than 2 percent of the farm- ing population of the country, but in-
stead of producing only this proportion from its soil, the State is credited with 6.7 of the total crop of the United States, something more than three times the average indicated by the number of farms and the acreage under cultivation.
Largely due to the extreme length and limited width of the State and to the natural division across its center by the Tehachepi Mountains running east and west, for many years there has been a differentiation between the north and the south parts. Climatic difference also may be accountable for this situation, but, whatever the cause, it has been customary to regard Southern California as a section dis- tinctive unto itself and alone in its ability to develop an extraordinarily wide range of products of the soil.
Los Angeles County, the richest of the eight counties comprising Southern California district, not only leads this section in soil production, but is cred- ited by the United States government with leading all counties in the United States in value of soil productions and land values. Although this credit is given in the last agricultural census it seems fairly well assured that the position of the county will be main-
10
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
tained. It is note-worthy, in the last government census, that out of the foremost thir- teen counties in soil produc- tion in the United States, six of them are California counties.
Carrying further the analy- sis ,it is found that Southern California is the richest section of. the State and that the State produces more than three times the average soil production of the United States. Hence it may be seen that the general statement that the soil and the climatic conditions of South- ern California are unsurpassed, is not an exaggeration, born of enthusiasm, but is merely a cold statement of fact.
Southern California c o m - prises the counties of Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Kern, Riverside, San Bernardino, Santa Barbara, San Diego and Ventura, constituting in them- selves a minature empire. There are within this area of 45,187 square miles, a great variety of climate and scenery.
The portion bordering the Pacific Ocean extends for a dis- tance of 275 miles. This sec- tion is tempered by breezes of the Japan Current, making a cool summer and v/ith an al- most continuous breeze from the ocean. From 20 to 30 miles inland the effects of the ocean breeze are not so pro- nounced, and still farther in- land the plains of the Alohave and Colorado Valleys are reached, where the sun riiles throughout the year.
One third of the population of California, or approximately 1,250,000 people, make their home in this section. The growth of it has been remark- ably rapid.
So much has been written and told of the wonderful pos- sibilities in agriculture and horticulture in Southern Calif- ornia, that the average person is inclined to the opinion that
IBh (
VISTAS OF IMPERIAL VALLEY
Here is where Mother Nature throws in Health, Strength and
Happiness for good measure to the Homeseeker who
really desires to get back to the land.
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
11
ACTIVITIES IN IMPERIAL VALLEY
Every Southern California farmer has his place in the Sun,
and Southland farming as a business offers inducements
second to none, and perhaps better than most.
there has been gross exaggera- tion, or that it is a land of no handicaps. Both these prem- ises are wrong. One of the most practical expositions of the actual situation of the home- seeker in Southern California was prepared by Dr. George P. Clements, head of the Agricul- tural Department of the Los Angeles Chamber of Com- merce. He is not only a prac- tical horticulturist and agricul- turist, but a student of men and affairs. In response to in- numerable inquiries from pros- pective settlers in Southern California, he said :
"Nearly every mail brings the query — 'We expect to come to California to live. Can you tell me of some small acreage which we might rent or buy on long time — an acre or two of fruit or vegetable land? There are four of us in the family, and it is necessary that we know we can make a good living before we move.'
"It is true California does the unexpected — is a wonder of wonders — but the day of miracles is past, and our own vaunted Southern California is rather the miracle wrought through the ingenuity and mind of man than the miracle wonder worker in its se'lf. Yes- ' terday it was a semi-arid plain ; — today it represents the res- ponsive effort of nature which only such a favored clime and soil can express, and all under the control and bidding of the human creator of wonders. The scientific application of water and the cultivator to a myriad of crops, mostly for- eign to the Great Southwest and representing the best that a world's gleaning could con- tribute, has worked wonders. We almost boast that we can grow anything, and so we can, if we do not count the cost. We have boasted that a Mrs. So-and-So has made a fortune
12
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
I (
>< m
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out of her back yard — that an acre of rhubarb will bring $100 each month of the year ; that Mr. and Mrs. Somebody sold so much — a pro- digious amount off of two city lots, and these are, in the main, facts, but not averages. There are schemes which offer more from an acre of * ground than the average rancher makes from his ten acre farm, and it is impossible to deny that it cannot be k done by some individual, but in the ' main, it takes five acres under inten- sified farming to support a family and do it right. Five acres clear will do it and keep the owner out of mischief the while, and will give him all that he needs. What he sells will pay his taxes and buy what he requires out- side of his acreage to supply his wants. It will not make him rich, but if his needs are simple and he practices strict economy, he can get through and be happier than any where else on the earth.
"To make this possible he must use common sense and scientific methods and make use of all his faculties. He must cut experimentation and stick to marketable crops. Yes, he can make a good, allround living for four, and save a little for a rainy day, if he is such a man as I describe and has a helpmate worthy of his undertaking. It will not mean an auto and the children will not see enough movies to injure their morals. And I ask you, where else under the sun can one get more, or as much, from as small an investment? It seems to me that this is a miracle sufficient, for this same five acres will give him fruits and flowers which are I the envy of the opulent in every other country, and he may pick and eat at will, when the crown heads are paying freight rates and cold storage charges and the price of luxury for an article he would spurn.
"There is no question in my mind that if an Asiatic. can (and he does) make a living off a California acre a white man can, but will he? Five acres of ground with an income of $600 a year or more on the outside is Para- dise in California to any man, if he be a gentleman, has lived a gentle life and
has gentle habits. Thus it is the mecca of all middle aged. The longed for, dreamead of resting place at the pause of active life, where he can meditate, recall the useful experiences of the lived past, and use them towards mak- ing his five acres a veritable Garden of the Gods ; get exercise sufficient to his needs ; live out of doors and cease to fret over the cares of life and the coal cellar, and in doing so add to the larder of the nation and the glory of the Southland. This is not the exception, l)ut the actual experience of the major- ity of our best representative American in our midst.
"To the energetic man of medium capital, five acres is not sufficient, and if he must meet incumberance, ten acres are necessary, in our estimation, for the assurance of his success.
"To the seamstress, the clerk or the school-teacher, we would say keep away from the small acre scheme, no matter how alluring or how plausible may be the promises of rich returns. Keep your money in the Savings Bank, or buy stable securities until you are on the ground. There will be just as many small acreage plots to be had then as now, and you will have a choice of personal selection from a myriad of beauty spots almost equal in real pleas- ure in the anticipation of your new home."
Southern California has a large pop- ulation of the type of citizen known as "retired." By this is meant those who have accumulated sufficient in their prime to be assured of a living income for the rest of their years and who seek the salubrious climate and rich soil to the end of their days, near to nature. To these the problem of making a liv- ing from their small tract does not enter and they may experiment to their heart's content — and do. As a result of their striving to test the possibilities of horticulture there is a growing industry developing in rare and unusual fruits being grown and commercialized. Many of these have not appealed to the horticulturist until recently, but those who have studied the situation declare that in years to come additional mil- lions will flow into this section from the successful growth of a few of the sorts
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of these fruits best adapted to South- ern California.
Among these have been developed recently the jujuba, a fr\iit grown in China for more than four thousand years. The avocado is well established and there is a good market at high prices. Other rarer fruits include the feijoa, pomegranate, St. Johns' Bread (the fruit of the Carob tree )the guava (three varieties) tree tomatoes, citron, cherimoyas, tree strawberry, kum- quats, loquats, nut meg, jumbo peanut, pecans, Brazil nuts, cherries, kaffir plums, Japanese quince, Chinese and Japanese persimmons, natal plums, sap- otas and mangoes.
Because of the wide variety and fame of some of the tropical fruits, many persons unfamiliar with this section are of the belief that only oranges, lemons, figs and similar crops are grown. Quite the contrary is true. California is cred- ited with 57 percent of the hops raised in the United States. The humble bean, which is known the world over, is the star field crop of Southern Cal- ifornia. The State produces 51 per- cent— more than half of all the beans raised in the United States. Dela- ware, and Georgia peaches are famous but California raises more than both these States put together, and contrib- utes 31 percent of the entire crop of the United States. It raises nearly one-quarter of the sugar beets of the country and nearly one-third of the entre onion crop. Approximately 4,000,000 bushels must be accredited to this State. One-fifth of the barley of the United States is grown in Cal- ifornia.
It is the largest honey producing State in the country and raises its lull quota of hay, potatoes, apples, rice and similar crops.
In special vegetables its onions, as- paragus, celery, lettuce, cantalope and watermellons are the first on the mar- ket. The State is credited with pro- ducing 41 percent of the entire canta- lope crop of the country.
The percentage of the entire pro- duction of the United States is very high in specialties of Southern Cali- fornia. The State is credited with 79 percent of the entire orange crop of the
United States ; with 97 percent of the apricots ; 95 percent of the prunes ; 93 percent of the raisins ; 95 percent of the olives : 96 percent of the English walnuts ; 98 percent of the almonds and 100 percent of the figs.
While the opportunities for the small land owner are emphasized most frequently, it must be borne in mind also that the large farmers abound. Huge tracts of the old Spanish grants are still cultivated under one manage- ment. The largest acreage of beans under one ownership in the world, is a 35,000 acre ranch in Orange County.
The largest olive grove in the world — 1500 acres of trees, is within a few miles of Los Angeles.
The most valuable tree in the world is an avocado, near Whitcier, Los An- geles County, which has averaged an income of $3000 a year to its owner.
As a general rule irrigation is either a valuable aid to agriculture, or a nec- essity throughout Southern California, so that the new comer i? advised to look carefully itno everything pertain- ing to the extent, reliability, perman- ency and cost of the irrigation water supply on his farm. Suggestions along this line, founded upon the best ex- perience obtainable, are made by the College of Agriculture of the Univer- sity of California. The}- are as fol- lows :
"Generally it is no longer possible in Southern California to obtain inde- pendent individual water supplies for irrigation by direct diversion from streams. Usually, therefore, the set- tler must obtain his irrigation water by residence within a municipal irriga- tion district, within which, all land- owners share equally in the district water supply, and all legally qualified voters have an equal voice in its con- trol and management ; by purchasing stock in a mutual, non-profit-making water company having water avail- able, in which case the water usually becomes appurtenant to the particular farm or the particular tract irrigated, and the water users immediately or ul- timately (depending on how much land within the tract or project has been sold) control the water system ; by contrcating with a commercial
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water company fof water service, or by means of a well and pumping plant developed or to be developed on the farm purchased.
"No water company can deliver more water than it controls and the company undertaking to furnish water, whether it be a mutual company or a commercial company organized for profit, should be required to give evi- dence that it has not 'over-sold' its supply. Care should be taken to see that the water company 'bought into' has in it the elements, including the financial resources, of regular and re- liable water service. If the settler is counting on obtaining his irrigation supply from a well on his own farm he should take all posible means to satisfy himself that a well will yield a sufficient supply of good water at a depth from which he can afiford to pump. Unless the quality of the water obtained from the wells is definitely known, examination of the water should be made for injurious salts. Publications of the Office of Experi- ment Stations and of the Irigation Division, Bureau of Public Roads, of the United States Department of Agri- culture, and of the Water Resources Branch of the United States Geolog- ical Survey will help in this regard.
"The cost of irrigation water should not be overlooked when figuring on the cost of developing a California farm. In irrigation distrkts this cost is paid in the form of taxes levied to meet the expenses of operation, main- tainence, and betterments and the in- terest, and ultimately also the princi- pal, on outstanding bond issues. This may and usually does amount to sev- eral dollars per acre per year. In the case of mutual water companies, both the initial cost of the water stock (this is sometimes included in the cost of the land) and the annual assessments of water charges are involved. In some parts of Southern California shares in the mutual companies cost at the rate of $125 to $250 per acre. The annual cost of water to the irri- gator obviously includes both interest on this original investment and the an- nual maintenance and operation charge.
"The amount of water needed for ir- rigation in Southern California cannot be stated definitely in a few words be- cause it varies so widely, chiefly ac- cording to soil and crop. When bar- gaining for certain quantities settlers should know whether the water is to be measured at the point of use or at the point it is taken from the canal, possibly one-half-mile away, for tran- sit losses from small earthen ditches are sometimes very large. For alfalfa in the central valley probably 2^^ acre- feet per year is an average require- ment ; very heavy soils will not always absorb this amount and very light soils ordinarily receive more, the use of four acre-feet per year not being uncommon and sometimes apparently not unreasonable. Grain and culti- vated field crops, such as sugar beets and potatoes, need less. Deciduous orchards mostly get along well with about one acre-foot, net, per year, where the land irrigated is not too steep and it is well cultivated ; citrus orchards sometimes receive as little as 0.8 acre-foot per year (say one miner's inch to eight acres irrigated) but more frequently are given twice that amount. Settlers should not ac- cept less water than well-kept and suc- cessful farms in the neighborhood chosen are receiving.
"W. Mayo Newhall, president of the Board of Trustees of Stanford Uni- versity, well known for his large agri- cultural and other business interests, suggests the following features, as es- sential for settlers to consider :
1. Selection of kind of farming in- dustry according to former experience or preference.
2. Selection of location best adapt- ed to the kind of farming industry de- sired.
3. Desirability of location and en- vironment as suited to the habits and' requirements of settler and members of family.
4. Do not be in a hurry. Spend some time in location that seems des- irable. Visit farms and get local in- formation.
5. Means of irrigation necessary for some forms of farming pursuits and generally advantageous for all kinds.
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6. Lands improved or developed in whole or in part bring returns sooner than new or unimproved lands.
7. Quality of land should be con- sidered instead of quantity.
8. It is advisable not in incur in- debtedness which might not be reason- ably liquidated in ten years, unles pay- ments are amortized under a land set- tlement or similar plan.
9. Farming industries which bring in quickest returns are :
Vegetables, berries for export or canning, hog raising, dairying, poul- try and annual crops like grain and beans.
10. If orchard industry is selected, interplanting of crops and some diver- sified farming are sources of revenue pending the orchard coming into bear- ing.
11. Deciduous fruit trees, accord- ing to variety, come into bearing in paying production in from four to seven years. Citrus fruits in from five to eight years."
The prospective horticulturist or agriculturist begins life in his new home with decided advantages. Per- haps the geratest problem of those de- Voting their lives to soil production, is that of markets. In many lines of Southern California products there are co-operative organizations that relieve the individual of a large amount of work, and handle his products at a minimum cost. Members of these or- ganizations are relieved of the some- times difficult task of finding a buyer, preparing their products for shipment East, of collecting moneys due and other details that oft times are a source of considerable worry, in addi- tion to consuming time. Growers of oranges, lemons, walnuts and various kinds of deciduous fruits and vege- tables have well perfected organiza- tions that have proven not only advan- tageous to the grower, but a protec- tion to the buyer. High standards have been established and full confid- ence inspired in certain well known brands, so that the dealing with these associations gives assurance of fair treatment and standard quality.
Transportation is another important item of consideration throughout the
rural districts. Perhaps there is not a class to whom good roads are rnore im- portant than the farmer. Southern California has developed its highway system to the highes.t point of effic- iency existing in any section of the country. The main arteries are boule- vards, and the districts must be remote indeed which are not reached by a good highway.
The greater part of Southern Cali- fornia is traversed by lines of the Pa- cific Electric Railway, the greatest in- terurban system of its kind in the world, radiating from Los Angeles in all directions. Its 1100 miles of lines serve scores of communities and way stations. Freight and express trains are operated by night, while passenger and express service is maintained throughout the day.
Five trans-continental trunk lines center in Los Angeles, giving South- ern California the advantage of steam service. Auto busses and truck lines also are operated in various communi- ties, so that the matter of transporta- tion is far above the average.
In many parts of Southern Califor- nia the Growers Associations operate co-operative canneries, insuring the soil products reaching the consumer without touching too many profit tak- ing hands and insuring the grower a maximum return for his crop.
Another feature of life in Southern California that appeals strongly to the intelligent home seeker, is the high quality of the public school systems. Los Angeles sets the pace for all com- munities in the United States in ex- penditure of capital for public educa- tion. It is but natural that sur- rounding communities follow its lead and that keen rivalry should develop among smaller communities, in whole- some activity of educating children. It has been said that the child responds more quickly to school influence and acquires education more rapidly be- cause of the opportuity of the maxi- mum of hours in the open.
The absence of blizzards, cyclones ahd similar violent moods of nature throughout Southern California is ben- eficial not only to products of the soil, but to humans.
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Tatulation of tke Principal Soil Products of California Counties South of \siQ Xehacnepi for Year 1918
Acres Amount Value
Alfalfa 127,000 880.000 tons $18,500,000
Almonds 2,951 1,173,600 lbs. 393,400
Apples 7,624 1,421 tons 700,000
Apricots (green)
Apricots (dry) 12,840 2,652 tons 145,800
Asparagus 1,701 \37J77 crates 310,000
Barley 433,302 11,263,666 bushels 13,516,399
Beans 342,462 4,800,000 bushels 26,400,000
Beer 225,000 barrels 2,000,000
Beets 150,900 518,300 tons 3,000,000
Blackberries 116,250 crates 120,000
Butter .-. 10,000,000 lbs. 4,500,000
Canned fish 1,155,000 lbs. 6,162,500
Canned fruits and vegetables 13,500,000 cases 15,000,000
Cabbage 3,300 30,492 tons 609,840
Cantaloupe (Exported) 1,405 cars ' 3,100,000*
Cantaloupe (total) 13,840 6,420 cars 4,500,000
Carrots 900 180,000 sacks 180,000
Castor beans 11,000 321,000 bushels 1,380,000
Cauliflower 3,648 3,200 tons 517,500
Celery 5,152 4,450 tons 880,000
Chile peppers 7,700 4,800,000 lbs. 1,000,000
-Cotton 258,000 176,000 bales 28,000, OOOt
Corn 201,900 6,057,000 bushels 12,719,000
Cucumbers 500 10,000 tons 200,000
Dry onions 1,300 400,000 bushels 318,000
Eggs 256,375 cases 3,750,000
Grapes 9,325 65,270 tons 1,205,000
Hay (all kinds of fodder) 7,305.030 tons 20,773,440
Money 300 cars ) , „„ „„„
105,000 cases ) .^,5^U,UUU
Lemons 24,174 6,197 cars 15,000,000
Lettuce 2,600 2,120,000 crates 3,018,000
N
Oats 37,600 2,207,000 bushels 1,986,300
Oranges 92,000 14,346 cars 38,000,000
Olives 5,137 3,000 tons 1,200,000
Peaches (total) 74,220 tons 3,711,000
Peaches (exported) 13,666 22,600 tons 1,130,000*
Pears 27,192 tons 1,630,000
Plums 10,900 9,850 tons 600,000
Potatoes 8,335 1,333,400 sacks 4,513,622
Poultry 3,500,000 lbs. 3,850,000
Raisins 6,000 tons 500,000
Seeds 495,000
Strawberries 604,180 crates 906,270
Sweet corn 1,220,000 dozen 115,200
Sugar 1,028,104 bags 9,252, 936t
Sweet potatoes 2,000 13,290 tons 398,700
Tomatoes 10,000 80,000 tons 1,600,000
Walnuts 42,715 17,500 tons 9,000.000
Watermelons 11,250 22,500 tons 450,000
Wheat , 120,000 1,822,000 bushels 2,004,200
Wines 10,000,000 gallons 5, 100, OOOt
Other vegetables 1,500,000 ■
•Amounts duplicated or representing groups.
tCotton includes South of Tehachepi, Mexico and Arizona.
tShould be less market value wine grapes and sugar beets.
A Ljittle Talk to Homeseekers
BY
POLLYANN
ON THE
Methods of the Land "Shark''
and
The Avoidance of Buying Anything "Unsight and Unseen"
rTll!
I AM impelled to perform a duty. It's a serious duty too, for, by" it I may be able to deliver a warning that will keep some innocent purchaser from serious wreck on the shoals of bad investment.
I had never given the matter much serious thought until just lately when my attention was directly called to some most unscrupulous activities in the placing of homeseekers and the sale to them of practically valueless properties through the blandishments of delightfully worded literature that painted a picture of enormous returns from a minimum investment.
Many of those who set their traps to catch the unwary investor choose some- thing in a far away country where proper investigation is practically im- possible and the lands are described as producing some class of wondrous fruits or other products that, when im- ported to this country, bring fabulous prices.
Then there are other types of "shark" who make a specialty of lead- ing the homes'etker to some overlooked location on government land where successful farming is only a question of just a little labor and the crafty locator will gladly show his victim this very last chance to separate Uncle Sam from a most valuable slice of the public do- main for practically nothing — always providing that the victim pay the lo- cator a snug sum for giving him the tip.
A third class is the trader who has on hand a most valuable piece of prop- erty away off somewhere where it is difficult to examination. Owing to conditions, this shrewd schemer will exchange this far removed land for an equity in a bungalow or anything else of value provided the trade can be rushed through at once.
I have in mind a jase where a widow, who possessed a neat little home, wished to get a piece of land which would yield a revenue. The festive "shark" heard of her desire and she was offered forty acres of land repre- sented as worth four thousand dollars in exchange for her little home.
There was the usual story of what a fine living could be made from these forty acres which would produce al- most anything in the way of fruits and vegetables.
The widow listened and was almost convinced but, at the very last moment she decided to make a few inquiries.
What do you suppose she found? Why nothing except the fact that the "forty" was so destitute of possibili- ties that a jack rabbit could not pro- duce a square meal from it;, that it was devoid of the smallest possibility of development and that, even under irrigation, its soil was so intensely im- pregnated with alkali that even the desert growth had shunned it for all time. As for value, why it did not possess any. By just a few hours and what the gambler would call a
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"hunch" the home of the widow was saved to her and the ''shark" driven into other channels for a victim.
Speaking of this case reminds me that a specialty of the "land shark" is the widow with a bank account. Oftentimes, this bank account is the prpceeds of a life insurance policy that has been intended by the dear depart- ed, to protect his loved ones after he has gone into the great beyond.
Madame widow is anxious to make this capital pay as large an income as possible — she knows little or nothing about business — the "shark," with his keen intuition, knows her weakness and — well, he gets her money and she gets a deed to a piece of property that is practically valueless.
I saw, only just a few days ago, a series of receipts for cash that had been fed into the way of one of these "sharks," whose proposition was deco- rated with the most roseate hues im.ag- inable and promised an annual revenue of hundreds of dollars per acre. It was not even necessary for the buyer to reside upon or even visit the estate. Just pay the money in and the "shark" would bring arouncl the returns. The "paper corporation" had plenty of lit- erature but, strangely enough, the re- ceipts, which totalled hundreds, were written on stationery store blanks and some of them in pencil. The widow had fallen for the golden promises, paid in her money and received — nothing. Do you know, it is really surprising how simple sonie people are and what weak propositions they will accept if only the trap is baited with promises of golden returns?
Now for my duty. Have you ever stopped to think that, if there were so many thousands of dollars per annum in an investment such as most of these schemers present, the person of little capital would never get a "look in?" Every dollar of the stock would be gobbled up long before the small in- vestor ever heard of the deal.
Then again, I remember a trite say- ing from some one of the wise men who have long ago passed along. It read : "You never can expect to get something for nothing." No, indeed, you cannot. When you are ofifered an
investment that will pay several hun- dred percent per annum, just ask the question of the party making the offer : "If this is such a good thing, why are you peddling it? Why not keep it yourself?"
Then will come that old, yet ever new noise that sounds like philan- thropy. He just wishes to give you a chance or he desires to pass into his- tory as an upbuilder of the country or he is helping you because indirectly it is helping him through another chan- nel.
Nothing doing on either reason. The "shark" is just helping himself to your bundle of coin and giving you the very least possible value in return. He would even balk at giving you a re- ceipt if he could. All of his expenditure is made before he hooks his fish and it is principally invested in an alluring prospectus and a well fitted oflfice.
Nor are the "bank rolls" possessing widows the only ones. Nay, nay, not by a long shot. The men are just as bad and just as weak when the promise of unlimited wealth is offered in re- turn for an investment of a few hun- dred or a few thousands.
But why will people turn to the land shark for advice or assistance in mak- ing investments when there are so many dependable, square dealing real estate men, or I suppose I should call them "relators," who always have in their hands properties that offer a sound investment and reasonable re- turns?
Now some more advice.
Never purchase a piece of property that you have not seen or that has not been passed upon by some one in whom vou have the most implicit confidence. Take time for investigation. If a prop- erty is worth buying at all it is worth looking into. So take* the time and know what you are buying.
Another caution. Do not imagine that the science of agriculture can be picked up over night or that you can acquire success as a farmer by going at the game blindfolded. Also remem- ber that, in most cases, it requires cap- ital to back up energy and bring suc- cess. You cannot start in the farming business unless you are equipped for
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
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it any more than you can start in any other enterprise. So, "Stop, Look and Listen" before you leap into the con- test with mother earth.
Please do not misinterpret me. I am not trying to discourage the home- seeker or the man who wishes to change the grim and grit of the city for the sunshine and flowers and free- dom of the open places. On the other hand I wish to encourage, with my most efifective arguments, the "back to the land" movement.
I am juts telling you of some of the pitfalls that lie in the way of the home- seeker — of some of the mistakes that you must not make if you do not wish to meet with sorrow and disaster.
Right now the idea is in the very air. Everybody who can, wishes to get out to where agricultural prosperity is sounding the call. The railroads are a unit in placing their agricultural de- partments at the service of anyone who wishes information or advice. The L'nited States Railroad Admin- istration is co-ordinating all these ef- forts and, spread out over the country, is an army of men whose every energy is bent on helping the settler and homeseeker with dependable advice before he settles. In conjunction with the Extension Departments of the sev- eral states these same men are ready to help the homeseeker to success after he has become a settler.
The men of the great railway sys- tems know their tributary country^as you know your own bedroom. They are looking for successful settlers, not failures. They know that one failure
offsets a hundred successes and they realize that they cannot stand for such a percentage. And why? Just be- cause the railroads need the tonnage that comes from successful develop- ment and, to the railroads, tonnage is the first necessity of success.
Back of the railroads are the real "active" commercial organizations. Yes, I know there are plenty of these that are dying of dry rot or drowning in a sea of personal aggrandizement developed by their self-centered offi- cials. But there are plenty of good ones and when I say "active" I mean just what I say.
All of these forces are alive in the interest of the homeseeker and in the ultimate success of his efforts. They will not indorse the plans or projects of the "shark" and what they do in- dorse must be 100 per cent perfect.
Every state in the Union is filled with possibilities in connection with this "back to the land" idea. It takes some money, brains and plenty of brawn to develop these potentialities. You can get the details in full from honest, straightforward men, whose business it is to guide you to success or else advise you that you are not fitted to play the farming game.
So, "look before you leap," get in- formation which carries the "hall mark" of reliability, buy nothing "un- sight and unseen" and, like that pio- neer of days when our land was young, "be sure you're right, then go ahead."
J_nilllllinilll>IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIMIIIinillMIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIMIIIIIMlinilllllllllllllMMIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIMIMIIM^
Watch the Stock Peddlers!
I READERS: Get the names and addresses of all persons and companies offering you |
I speculative, doubtful stocks and securities in exchange for your Liberty bonds, with copies |
I of their "literature." Mail them promptly for investigation to the i
p FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION, WASHINGTON, D. C. |
rMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIinilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUIIIIIMIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIMIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlin
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HARVESTING SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA'S BEAN CROP
PALO VERDE VALLEY
CALIFORNIA'S INLAND EMPIRE
(Where Nothing Knocks but Opportunity)
Palo Verde is one of the richest valleys in the entire Southwest. It is located in Riverside County and borders the Colorado River for a distance of 30 miles.
It contains 100,000 acres of deep, rich silt soil made by alluvial deposits from the Colorado during bygone centuries.
It is irrigated by an abundant supply of v^ater taken by gravity from the Colorado River. The farmers ov^n the virater system, so the only cost of v^rater is actual expense of distribution.
Every kind of crop grown in the temperate zone thrives in this valley of wonders. The principal mortgage lifters are cotton, alfalfa, barley, corns and grains, hogs, cattle, sheep, chickens and turkeys. Palo Verde is still in the development stage and thus affords greater opportunities than can be found elsewhere.
The population has increased from 2000 to nearly 8000 in three years, since the providing of rail transportation by the building of the California Southern Railroad, connecting the valley with the Santa Fe.
Unimproved land with water can be had on very attractive terms.
Investigate Palo Verde if you would win a home, with health, wealth, and inde- pendence.
Chamber of Commerce
BLYTHE, CALIFORNIA
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FIFTY MILES OF ORANGES
A DAY OF PLEASURE THROUGH THE WORLD'S GREATEST FRUIT DOMAIN
VISITING
Riverside, Redlands, San Bernardino Glenwood Mission Inn and Smiley Heights
ORANGE EMPIRE TROLLEY TRIP
$3.SO
PACIFIC ELECTRIC RAILWAY
O. A. SMITH, Gen'l Passenger Agent, Los Angeles
HOTEL WHITCOMB
Market Street at Civic Center, San Francisco BIG GARAGE FREE TO GUESTS
Room -witb batk, $2.00 ancl up; -witk detacked l>atli, $1.50 and up Tea every arternoon in the Sun Room Dancing every Saturday nignt
American and European
J. H. Van Home, Manager
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ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
United States Railroad Administration
WALKER D. HINES. Director General of Railroads
Agricultural Section— Division of Trjaff ic
J. L. Edwards, Manager, Washington, D. C.
Northern and Western Zone
Including all States north of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and the north boundaries of
Arkansas, Texas and California
STANDING COMMITTEE
C. L. SEAGRAVES, A. T. & S. F. R. R., Chairman, Chicago
F. S. WELCH, J. B. LAMSON. J. I.. BRICKER
N. Y. CENTRAL R. R., C. B. & Q. R. R., N P. R R ,
NEW YORK. CHICAGO. ST. PAUL, MINN.
W. L. ENGLISH, F. S. McCABE, DOUGLAS WHITE,
S. L. & S. F. R. R., C. ST. P. & O. R. R., L. A. & S. L. R. R.,
ST. LOUIS. ST. PAUL, MINN. LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
Pacific District
States of California, Oregon, Utah, Idaho and Nevada
DOUGLAS WHITE, Committeeman in charge District Headquarters, Room 449 Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, California
DISTRICT COMMITTEES CALIFORNIA COMMITTEE — JURISDICTION, STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DOUGLAS WHITE, Chairman, L. A. & S. L. R. R., Los Angeles California
H. W. SMITH,
S P R R
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
JOHN R. HAYDEN,
SANTA FE R. R.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
W. J. SHOTWELL,
W. P. R. R..
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
M. L. GILLOGLY,
N. W. P. R. R..
SAN FRANCISCO. CALIF.
THOMAS ELLIOTT
AMERICAN RAILWAY EXPRESS
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
T. J. DAY,
PACIFIC ELECTRIC RY.
LOS ANGELES, CALIF
J. E. STANLEY,
S. D, & A. R. R.,
SAN DIEGO, CALIF.
L. H. RODEBAUGH,
0. A. & E. RY.. OAKLAND, CALIF.
1. R. WILSON, S. N. R. R..
SACRAMENTO. CALIF. A. E. WARMINGTON, CAL. SOUTHERN R. R., LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
J. C. STONE,
CENTRAL CALIF. TRACTION,
STOCKTON, CALIF.
F. E. CHAPIN, PENINSLILAR ELEC. R. R., SAN JOSE, CALIF.
FRANK M. JENNIFER,
T. & T. R. R.,
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
M. A. BYRNE,
Committee Secretary. L. A. & S. L. R. R.. LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
H. A. HINSHAW, S P R R PORTLAND, ORE. C. E. ARNEY, N. P. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH. R. H. CROZIER, S. P. & S. R. R. PORTLAND, ORE.
OREGON C6MMITTEE— JURISDICTION, STATE OF OREGON
C. L. SMITH, Chairman, O. W. R. & N., Portland, Oregon
WM, McMURRAY, J. L. MEIER,
2rJ^-i;^.\fk ^^r^' GREAT SOUTHERN R. R.
PORTLAND, ORE. d^^d-t-i AMr> /-.dit
F. D. HUNT, PORTLAND, ORE.
pr,D-rVAM-^ 'r^Dc- CLARENCE E. POTTER,
PORTLAND. ORE. ,- -,.,.£»
Committee Secretary.
CHAS. T. EARLY. n w R R «, N
MT. HOOD R. R.. ^■-^- ^ ^ ^ ^■'
PORTLAND, ORE. PORTLAND, ORE.
INTERMOUNTAIN COMMITTEE — JURISDICTION, STATES
JOEL PRIEST, Chairman, Oregon Short Line Ra W. H. OLIN,
D. & R. G. R. R., DENVER, COLO.
C. E. ARNEY, N. P. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH.
W. P. WARNER, C. M. & S. P. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH.
F. W. GRAHAM,
GT. NORTHERN R. R.,
SEATTLE, WASH.
FRANK M. JENNIFER,
T. & T. R. R.,
LOS ANGELES, CAL.
WALDO G. PAINE, S. & I. E. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH.
ROSS BEESON,
S. L. & U .R. R..
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
J. W. ELLINGSON, U. 1. & C. R. R.. OGDEN, UTAH.
W. T. WALLACE, BOISE TRACTION CO., BOISE, IDAHO.
OF UTAH, IDAHO, NEVADA
ilroad, Boise, Idaho
C. A. BARTON, INTERMOUNTAIN R. R., BOISE, IDAHO.
H. E. DUNN, P. & 1. N. R. R., WEISER, IDAHO.
J. W. LOWRIE
BAMBERGER LINES,
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
H. W. SMITH,
S. P. R. R.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
A. V. PETERSON,
Committee Secretary. O. S. L. R. R.. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
The Agricultural Section, Division of Traffic, is formed for the purpose of encouraging Agricultural Development and Furnishing Information to Prospective Homeseekers. Information on these subjects may be secured by addressing any of the above named Committeemen, or
J. L. EDWARDS, Manager Agricultural Section, U. S. R. R. Administration WASHINGTON, D. C.
El
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE 29
Information for Homeseekers
THE U. S. RAILROAD ADMINISTRA- TION has established a Homeseekers Bureau to furnish free information about opportunities in the several States to those who wish to engage in farming, stock raising and kindred pursuits. If this appeals to YOU, write today, letting us know^ what kind of data you want, and naming the State, the advantages of w^hich you desire to investigate.
Address the Undersigned, or, if more convenient, communicate w^ith the Agricul- tural Agent of any railroad in the territory in w^hich you are interested. The informa- tion thus furnished can be depended upon as being reliable.
J. L. Edwards, Manager
Room 500 Agricultural Section
U. S. RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION
Washington, D. C.
30
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
NEW
ARLINGTON HOTEL
Santa Barbara, California
An abaolutely fireproof hotel. All out- side rooms, affording plenty of light and air. Headquarters for tourists from all parts of the world. Private lavatories in connection with all rooms. Ideal climate the year round.
E. P. DUNN, Lessee.
SUBSCRIBE FOR
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
juxe Live Travel Magazine or the Pacific Southv^^est
$1.00 PER YEAR
The Arrownead Magazine covers practi- cally every part or the Unitea States, is aistributea to Avestoouna through passengers on all trains over tne Salt Lake Route and is a live advertising medium. Advertising rates on application,
ADDRESS THE
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
449 Pacific Electric Building
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
THE MOST EXCLUSIVE BUSINESS SCHOOL IN THE CITY
Thorough training in Gregg, Pitman Shorthand, Typewriting, Dictaphone, Bookkeeping, Commercial Spanish, Civil Service Preparatory and Secreta- rial Courses and University trained teachers. Individual instruction pro- duces efficiency in half the time and at half the expense of classroom work. Students may enroll at any time. Rapidity, Accuracy and Absolute Effi- ciency is our motto. Day and evening classes.
SCHOOL OF
PR(VAfES£CRETARl£S
ae
^"' Floor BAKER -DETWILER BLDO.
'OLIVf SIS
nAirt 8754^
on 6'" ST BtTW MILL '
,H0nC-A6389
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LEADING THEATRES and PLACES of |
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IN LOS ANGELES |
i
Broadway, Between 6th and 7th Streets, LOS ANGELES
PHONE: Main 977 Home 10477
BILL CHANGED EVERY MONDAvThe Standard of Vaudeville
EVERY NIGHT at 8 o'clock. 10c, to $1.00 MATINEES at 2 o'clock Daily. 10c to 50c, Matieees, Sat.. Sun. and Holidays 10c to 75c
ALHAMBRA i\t ""«u "'■ ''n'"'-"
7th btreet chopping district 731 SOUTH HILL STREET
HIGH CLASS PHOTO -PLAYS ALWAYS
Splendid Music A Real Home of the Silent Art Good Comedies
TALLY'S BROADWAY THEATRE ^J^^t'^^t^
FINEST THEATRE PIPE ORGAN IN THE CITY
Exclusive showing of Clara Kimball Young, Norma Talmadge, Canstance Talmadge, Mary Pickford and other Notable Stars
Exclusive Showing of Charlie Chaplin Pictures
MEMBERS OF THE FIRST NATIONAL EXHIBITORS CIRCUT
SHOWS START: 11,1:30,3:30,5:30,7:15,9:00 PRICES: 15, 20 and 30 Cents
Seventh Street Between _ ^ . Broadway and Hill Street
Always Shows Feature Films at Popular Prices Continuous, 11 A.M. to 11 P.M. Prices: 15, 20, 25 cents
THE SUPER BA ZlXt^
SHOWING ONLY THE HIGHEST AND BEST OF THE CINEMA ART
The Superba is regarded as one of the very finest
Picture Theatres in America.
SYMPHONY THEATRE 6i«i6 w Br<»dwa,
15e--20c--25c
NOTHING BUT SUPER FEATURE PLAYS
OTHER FEATURES MAKES THE SYMPHONY "THE BRIGHT SPOT OF BROADWAY"
SHOWS: 11 A. M., 12:30 P. M., 2, 3:30, 5, 6:30, 8 and 9:30 P. M, CHANGE OF PROGRAMME SUNDAYS
*^&^pni(i
AMERICA'S FOREMOST PHOTO - PLAY EDIFICE
FIRST RUN
Artcraft, Paramount and Special Productions
40 Piece Symphony Orchestra Latest News Reels, Scenics and Comedies MILLER'S NEW THEATRE CONTINUOUS nT,T^rc at«7avc M.t. 15 - 25 - 35c
810 South Main Street li A, M. to ll:30 P.M. PRICES ALWAYS gve i5-25-35.50c
SAN DIEGO
CALIFORNIA
^SHE COMBINATION of all of Southern California's en- tertainments, plus the attractions provided by Uncle Sam in his army and navy aviation camps, concrete ship building yards, etc., together with that refined atmo- sphere of a well-appointed home, the quiet dignity, central location and uncommonly attractive rates of the U. S. Grant Hotel, await you. Illustrated literature on re- quest.
ABSOLUTELY FIRE-PROOF
U.S.Grant Hotel
«/. /l. riolmeSf Managing Director O. L. CHAFFIN, Asst. Mgr.
— 35 minutes from Camp Kearny.
— 7 minutes from Balboa Parif Naval Training
Station. — 20 minutes from V. S. Army and Navy
Aviation Camps.
Absolutely Fireproof ^
5 S 5 I
ROOMS— Back witk Private Batk I
Tariff from
EUROPEAN PLAN
$1.50
TRAVELERS who are accustomed to the best, find at the Clark, every possible comfort, convenience and refinement. Luxurious appointments. The constant desire of e?ch atten- dant is to render service, tireless, real service. Splen- did grill. Located in the heart of the cify, opposite beautiful central park.
FREE AUTO BUS MEETS TRAINS - WRITE FOR FOLDER
Under Management of M . D I M M I C K, Lessee
wAead
ZINE and GUIDE BOOK
/oted to Western ♦
and Development
JUNE, 1919 ~~
yOSEMITE 7Ae BEAUTIFUL
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
po.
lO]
lO]
.o=j,
8 The FIRST THING l°,l ►'„L^£ 8
D D
IS A SET OF GOOD MAPS
lAfp flT VE ^ better, more complete map of Southern Colifornia ^^'^ ^^*' » *^ than you can buy for money, shows every town, canyon, trail, beach, resort, camp, all the automobile roads.
ASK OUR INFORMATION DESK for maps, or on any matter which may make your stay in Southern California more pleasant.
s
D
n
SAVINGS
COMMERCIAL
TRUST
OUDEST AND LARGEST SAVINGS BANK IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
o Ikoi
SECURITY CORNKR FIFTn AN'r> SPRING
EQUITABLE BRANCH FIRST AND SPRING
OE
if
O
HOTEL WESTMINSTER
CORNER FOURTH and MAIN STREETS LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
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HANDY TO GARAGE:
TAR IFF:
With Detached Bath, $1.00 With Private Bath, $1.50 Weekly, $4.00 to $12.50
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
DELICHTrUI. SEASIDE neSORT
Hffiin JONES
Ocean ParK
Don't Fail to Visit the Finest
Hostelry Along the Crescent Bay
14 Miles from Los Angeles "Where Every Minute Is One of Pleasure"-
AMERICAN PLAN EUROPEAN PLAN
Right in the center of all amusements and attractions of Santa Monica, Ocean Park and Venice. Surf bathing, warm salt water plunge bathing, GOLF, dancing, deep sea and pier fishing and count- less other diversions. Finest motor boulevards. Beautiful mountain trails. Delightful climate. 150 cool and delightfully furnished rooms. ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF. Overlooking the ocean. Splendid dining room service. Arrange for reservations. Check baggage direct.
SANTA CATALINA ISLAND
CALIFORNIA'S IDEAL SUMMER AND WINTER RESORT— CLIMATE NEAR
PERFECTION
STEAMER "CABRILLO" (346 passengers) makes daily trips. Wilmington Transportation Co. reserves the rigint to change steamer and times of sailing without notice. For time card and other information, inquire
BANNING COMPANY, Agents, 104 (Main Entrance) Pacific Electric Bldg.
PHONES: Sunset Main 36-Home 10864
LOS ANGELES i
V
CORONAOO BEACHTgAUFoRNIA
OPEN ALL YEAR
AN HOUR'S AUTO RIDE FROM
CAMP KEARNEY
BAY and SURF BATHING, BOATING,
FISHING, MOTORING, GOLF, TENNIS.
H. F. NorcrosM, Agent
627 So. Spring St^ Los Angeles
AV. A. Tiirquand, Manager
Coronado Beach, California
30 MINUTES FROM SAN DIEGO
Tariff $5.00 and Upward. American Plan.
SAN FRANCISCO
Horn St. Francis
FACING UNION SQUARE
(The Center of the City)
Within a few steps of the retail shops, the theatres, the financial and com- mercial districts. : Chinatown is but a few blocks distant
1000 ROOMS
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
L r ^ t C ^ ^« ^« f .^" r " ^i)f*>k- --^ " "
W M m *»
I
I B5 ij:i C"? ^'^ lEliilEBs s i s w^' ,. life.:: ■ ,; ;■
"F ^^ ■■■•■■ ■■'■ '^■^ ^^:L^l."llEl.l."lMyi.,;lli
HOTEL HAYWARD
Spring at Sixth, Los Angeles, California
THIS HOTEL IS ABSOLUTELY FIREPROOF
Wat Hog gingcleg ^ome of Wi)t Commercial jWen
200— ROOM NEW ANNEX OPEN— 200
Featuring COOL, LIGHT and COMMODIOUS ACCOMMODATIONS TO ALL GUESTS : : : :
Rooms with Bath $L50 and up Without Bath, $1.00 and up
First-class Cafe in connection
H. C. FRYMAN, Proprietor
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
A. M E S S A C; K TO YOU
From
OTEL SAN DIEGO
BROADWAY
A MILLION
Dining Room in Connection
DOLLAR Re-inforced Concrete ni RE-PROOF Building THE SAN DIEGO HOTEL
looms. MODERN, New, Largest and FINEST Popular Priced Hotel in SAN DIEGO
*ANY DEPOT CAR PAST OUR DOOR
RATES WITH BATH PRIVILEGE
Person _ $1.00 to $1.25 Per Day
Persons.. „ $1.50 to $2.00 Per Day
RATES WITH PRIVATE BATH
Person $1.50, $2.00. $2.50 Per Day
I Persons $2.50, $3.00, $4.00 Per Day
WE TRY AND MEET YOUR EVERY REQUIREMENT
SAM S. PORTER, Lastee
PHONES Main 5576 A 6473
BEST OF SERVICE PRI ES REASONABLE FOR ALL
MISSION CAFE
Formerly at 311 West Fifth Street
FINEST AND BEST PLACE IN THE CITY TO EAT
GIURAS & MATULICH
527 South Spring Street, LOS ANGELES
Fireproof
U. S. Bonded Warehouse
MOVING
PACKING
SHIPPING
The largest and safest repository for household goods on the coast. Consign to us and save money.
Household Goods Shipped East or West Reduced Rates. Write us about it.
316 Commercial St.
Main 4787 A 4727
Lo$ Angeles Warehouse C«.
ACME BRASS FOUNDRY CO.
BRASS, COPPER, BELL METAL BRONZE, ZINC
AND ALUMINUM CASTINGS
860 North Main Street, Los Angeles, Cal.
Main 3422 - Phones - A 4073
THE BREAD
Used by the Salt Lake Route on their Diners is baked bj'
Davis Standard Bread Co.
120 N. Beaudry Ave., Los Angeles, Cal.
TO SEE LOS ANGELES see us
PACKARD and HUDSON EQUIPMENT
CLARK
Auto & Taxi Co.
Lankershim Hotel
7th and Broadway
Main 1 A.1222
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
Hotel Stowell
1 414-416-418 SOUTH SPRING STREET (Near Fourth)
LOS ANGELES 1
F I R E P R OOF
275 Rooms : Modern in Every Detail
c
OURTESY O M FORT ONVENIENCE
RATES :
ONE PERSON TWO PERSONS
$1.50 to $4.00 $2.50 to $5.00
EVERY ROOM with BATH
and Circulating ICE WA TER
CAFE IN CONNECTION
CENTRAL LOCATION
\v^ #^ ^/
.^A > Seventh ^^L at olive l/i
^^ /ff OLIVE V/,r^
New Sports Apparel Shop
— Picture a Metropolitan Art Gallery of Sports Apparel, in which you will find the finest examples of many schools and their exponents. Apparel that runs the whole gamut of a day's sports fashions and festivities from the wake-up of the dawn to the break-up of the Evening Auto Party.
— Apparel for all town and country sporting occasions.
— Sweaters, Separate Skirts, Riding Habits as the equestrienne demands them. Sports Coats of natural leather, suede, glove leather and patent leather. Sports Hats that are brimful of the spirit of sports. Sports Suits by Hickson and other equally famous fashion creators. Bathing Suits and Beach Costumes. Tramping Capes and Beach Capes and all the accessories, the final touches.
The Ville — Sports Apparel Shop — Fifth Floor
The arrowhead
MAGAZINE and GUIDE BOOK
Devoted to Western Travel and Development
Publisbed at Los Angeles, California, for
Distribution on the Trains of the
Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad
Edited by DOUGLAS WHITE
1 osemite Tk^ Beautiful
California s Prima Donna of i nmgs Natural Beckons Men and nV omen of tne Busy nV^ orld. Beyond the Granite Mountain Barriers
By MACK A. ERWIN
YOSEMITE'S call rings with new charms and beckoning- appeal in this year of peace-making and happy return to rational living.
With the dawn of peace and waning of war tension the great out-doors everywhere, oflfers rest, recreation, in- spiration and health stabilization that will be sought by thousands who have been forced to forego vacation periods under stress of war. Worry and anxiety which are the greatest enemies to health and happiness loses itself with intensified association with nature in its superb manifestations. Thousands are planning to go to some nook of the picturesque upper regions as a guest of nature for the purpose of getting that health-brown that she alone can give. Everybody needs it.
Naturally speaking, Yosemite is Cali- fornia's most beautiful daughter, and is Vedded to the admiration of the world at large. This virgin of beauty, the prima donna of things^ natural, that has quickened the indulgence of world thinking when it meditates upon nature and its wealth of resources, is admir- ably ready and charmingly willing to join the League of Nations tnat guar-
antee its right to reign in human con- sciousness as the personification of power and glory of natureocracy. This fair daughter, Yosemite, whose name is known wherever language is spoken, has made ready her robes to entertain ardent vacation delegates from all cor- ners of the earth.
It takes six months of intensive storm periods that drive out every heel and hoof and wing of animal life before the spectacular setting is made. Dur- ing this awful orgie of storm battle, mountains are hurried with snow ; deep blue canyons are filled — then sealed with ice ; rivers are rested to quiet mur- murs ; lakes are lost; gorges are hid- den ; the picturesque landscape, and all that is in it is a prisoner of grim winter in its convulsive moods that shackle mountains and exile millions of acres during its reign.
Winter never fails to hold undisput- ed domain over California's sky-land and spring never fails to deliver its monumental snow acres to the count- less canyons, rivers, and rivulets that unlash and become picturesque high- ways over which frozen oceans are de- livered to thirsty plains. Winter defies.
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
VISTAS OF THE YOSEMITE
Delightful at all times, Yosemite National Park at this season of the year is a mountain
valley filled with millions of wild-flowers; charming meadows; a winding river
rushing through gigantic rock formation; majestic sequioas; mighty
cataracts tumbling over precipices; wonderful panoramas;
satisfying days and restful nights; a paradise
in a mighty chasm.
Photos by Courtesy of Camp Curry
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
spring invites, and summer entertains — these are the moods of nature's three act drama that is staged yearly for the amusement, recreation, and inspiration of those who bear witness to its won- derous manifestations. Each season of the year has its characteristic attrac- tiveness, but the winter has its own way and everything Hving moves to lower levels for safety comfy ,sake. The winter's stage manager has his own way in the matter of dolling up the landscape.
April is the quiet month when winter finishes its conquest and holds every- thing in its ice-mantled grasp. Snow blows and waftes on the wings of wind that finds no rest ; the sky is gray ; the firmament is hidden and the desert still- ness is broken only with air currents that play here and there as the atmos- pheric moods dictate. It's a lazy sub- dued no man's land whose quiet is broken with spasmodic storms when spring goes over the top and seeks to gain its wierd outposts. Rain, snow and hail often spill in simultaneous op- erations, but to become plain mulched ice when contact is made on the frozen landscape. It is only when the sun joins hands with spring that the offen- sive begins. Night and day become mu- tual enemies. The clear blue sky and softening rays of the sun that seek to make its way into these ice incased trenches is defied by cold dark nights that make a prisoner of the day's ad- vance guards by the simple process of re-freezing all melted portions of the ice-mass. When spring makes its first dimple on the lurid storm ridden out-, posts, it has little promise. Only the mysterious convulsions of nature could uncase a country that is lost for so many months of the year. Winter signs spring's exacting armistice late in the month of April and there is supreme quiet.
During the succeeding weeks all de- pending on that most undependable schedule maker, the weather god, that brings everything to pass according to mood, there takes place the spetacular, the beautiful, the inspiring scene of na- tural phenomenon that enriches the soul of man. There is no sermon, preachment or written message that
strikes quite so deep, quite so satisfy- ing, quite so convincing as a peep on nature in its most powerful settings. - The changing of the coat of arms in the high Sierras is the biggest one-man- job that forces of nature has to do and the people are learning to love, rever- ence, and get the joys, both material and spiritual that the free and inviting months offer in this land of mystery.
Word artists have tried to convey the message ; picture artists have en- deavored to steal its likeness ; poets have sung its glory ; musicians have set melodies to its moods, naturalists have tried in vain to analyze its mystery ; laymen have echoed praise and won- derment that has encircled the earth and excited the envy of all scenic re- sorts ; yet, when it is all said, it is only mockery to the actual soul tonic ot vi- sualizing in Yosemite's acres nearest the sky.
That great, ever changing panorama of white, blue, gray, and green backbone of the state known as the High Sierras and of which Yosemite is the most glowing gem, is a museum of wonder- ment whose priceless value ripens as the people learn more of the richness and invigorating wholesomeness of the almost unknown and- unexplored re- cesses of the wonderous acres in exile. If breaking the crust and seeing this garden of bewildering scenic country from advantageous points excites so much praise and is so attractive to peo- ple at large, what will be the story when the fullness of its wealth is ex- plored, appraised and made accessible. That day is not far in the future.
The fact that our present population lives in the lower regions where the temperatures are, more or less, stable, make climatic conditions of the higher regions a necessity for health medium. The lower plain and valley levels do not provide sufficient change in atmos- spheric temperature to stimulate and maintain health through protracted years of residence. The certain damp- ness in the coastal regions and malaria, which is peculiar to the inland valleys are conditions that cannot be avoided. This condition is true in all coast countries, especially those that are screened from winter rigors. The best
g^sl
•T> %rV *!H'''*^^
CAMP CURRY'S OPEN-AIR SWIMMING POOL ON YOSEMITE'S FLOOR
of climates can become the worst by living continuously in low altitudes. Vitality runs down unless it is stimu- lated by climatic changes. Just as the oak needs the cold to stimulate its leaf- shedding processes and the following sap-rising, so the human organisms demand atmospheric changes to re- charge the human body. The moun- tains are nature's own open air resorts that are the biggest enemies to the drug merchants. Two weeks in a mountain snow zone will give better tonic than anything procurable in lower regions. They are nature's own health gardens.
Crispy, bracing, invigorating air that is filtered through dense pine forests and over boundless snow fields is one of nature's own tonics that will spring fever blisters on your lips within three days if you are a lower altitiider with system stocked with patent poison. Doubtless there is no gift of the higher altitude that is more condusive to re- charging human organisms than the snow-pure ypine ozoned breeze. Air currents are light, dry, ever-moving zephers that bear health to those who
snifT its fragrance. The very nature of negotiating via the foot route the trails that lead up and up, requires heavy using of the air consuming or- gans, therefore immediate and impell- ing use of this breath from nature. It isn't the pedal efifort that causes fast breathing in higher altitudes, it's the lightness of the air. It's the kind of air that talks plain horse-sense to the breather — it lubricates, refines, puri- fies and charges the blood corpuscles in a refinery that is known to possess corrective properties of great value. Everybody admires the physical fitness of their friends who expose themselves to periodic sojourns in the high country.
H-2-0, the human radiator liquid of the interior sections of the state is often tinctured with alkali or other minerals that more or less incapacitate the human water system, if used incessant- ly for years. The water supply of to- day in the high mountains was snow or ice yesterday, and this applies every day in the year. Impurities break down under the freezing and re-freez- ing processes through which the
10
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
11
water passes in its slow filtering- journey from the snow zone. So clear is the water that streams, regardless of depth, are as clear as crystal, and wherever there is water there is mirror clearness reflecting the beauties above. The large and small streams, lakes and ponds are as clear as the air above, and their sparkle appeals to the traveler that happens in these watered regions. Taking "one" on nature in the land of snow is a privilege that is rated highly by those who know the mountains. Microbats, etc., cannot survive the board of health precautions of the high out doors. The change of water is as desirable and helpful as the change of air and the two combined are twin first aids that add glow and zest to human organisms.
The vegetation of all kinds from stately Sequoias to the lily family are responsive to their season in a way that is alarming. The snow flower is first to appear. These mystery flowers break from their hidden berths and rise into prominence over night. The same
MAJESTIC YOSEMITE FALL
Highest of all cataracts in the heart of the sky
mountains.
Photo by Courtesy of Camp Curry
ALONG YGSEMITE'S HIGHWAY
Mighty sequoias are the oldest living things on
earth.
Photo by Courtesy of Camp Curry
fairy surrounds their creation that pre- sides over the mushroom and kindred growths. The blood redness of the snow-flower stands out in amazing con- trast with the white landscape. It seems to be the acme of jealousy be- tween colors and the red-snow-iced-- flower is the supreme monarch of all it surveys. Its life is so sacred that law forbids human hands from plucking this first pioneer member of the vege- tation family that comes with the dawn of each season. Azalias, pussy paws, primroses and wild violets grow in rich profusion and massed for- mation that stands in pleasant con- trast with rugged peaks. The ferns, lilies, and thousands of varieties of greenery grow with the same dispatch. Each canyon is a hot-house ot beauty that knows no equal for quickness of growth and richness of color. "Mil- lions of flowers are born to blush un- seen" and stupid civilization is the loser. Nature has decorated each acre of the high region with suitable vegetation that grows, beautifies, and
GRACEFUL NEVADA FALL
Though not the greatest in Yosemite, this fall of water rivals many of the tremendous waterfalls and cascades, which give to this lofty valley a grandeur indescribable.
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ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
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challenges the admiration of all those who see.
Trout ! Trout ! Trout — the wily denizen that multiplies, swarlns, in- fests and invades the mountain streams is the most conspicuous animal in the high regions. The trout has the breeding capacity of cooties and living habits that insure low casualty. They negotiate the hazardous streams, and accident claims are unknown. A blind fisherman can catch the limit in most streams, and a chronic Isaac Walton could keep a modern fish cannery busy^ if they were allowed to operate. A two million capacity trout-hatchery is now under construction at Haopy Isles which is the nearest to Camp Curry. This will swell the trout population to equal rank with the higher regions which are now so densely populated. Some streams ofifer sport in fishing, and others it is like stealing them out of a tub. Sickly and dispeptic trout are unknown. The taste of each kind is true to nature, and is rich as water meat ever gets. The average person
PLAYING IN PARADISE All summer long Yosemite is dotted with verdure.
Photo by Courtesy of Camp Curry
shiny
MAGNIFICENT SCENIC SPECTACLE
Through gigantic rock formations the Merced
river rushes along.
Photo by Courtesy of Camp Curry
can eat his weight in trout every thir- ty days and still be hungry for trout. One mess calls for another, and when the trout fiend hikes home there is reg- istered a forget-me-not in his eats cal- endar that stands out among the regis- tered memories of a good fat time. It is the shame that the people of Cali- fornia allow millions of trout to die of old age every year while they soak in bacon grease and breed indigestion for the sake of enough energy to go to the trout streams of the high Sierras.
Yosemite Valley's floor is 4,000 feet above sea-level. Scores of lofty turrets and domes spring aloft ; Glacier Point, 3,250 feet high; Three Brothers, 3,830; Eagle Peak, 3,813; mighty El Capitan, 3,604; Cathedral Spires, 2,154; Clouds' Rest, 5,694, and other inspiring pin- nacles. Omnipresent is Half Dome. This most magnificent of ramparts lifts a proud head nearly five thousand feet above the valley and may be seen from most places below. It overwhelms the most experienced globe-trotters, with its mile of perpendicularity.
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ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
Groves of odorous bays, red-trunked spruces, dainty aspens, stately hem- locks, manzanitas, white-blossomed dog-woods, sugar pines and incense cedars scent the valley air. Merced River flows by singing a glorious song. One of its stretches over a smooth rock bottom is called The Silver Apron. Further on the noble current plunges into an emerald pool.
Primroses, azalias, mariposa lilies, roses, other sweet blossoms gladden the eye in spring, summer and early fall.
Birds and wild animals are compar- atively unafraid because hunting has long been prohibited in Yosemite Na- tional Park's 1,125 square miles of un- rivalled wilds.
There is an hospitable openness about the groves of Giant Sequoias, Silver Firs, Incense Cedars and other mighty trees in Yosemite. Their sun- lighted corridors welcome you unlike dense forests elsewhere. The Big Trees are so finely-balanced and per- fectly proportioned that they never
seem monstrous. Their cinnamon- l)ro\vn bark is often over three feet thick. There are three groves of Big Trees reached from Yosemite. The Tuolumne, ]\Ierced and Mariposa groves. Delightful drives take you to them, over a fascinating country.
Yosemite's waterfalls are world-re- nowned. Torrents leaping clear of the rocks, drop astounding distances through the pellucid air.
Yosemite Falls transcends all others in splendor. A splendid stream hurls itself more than two thousand feet from a precipice into the calm valley. The first leap is 1.430 feet, the middle fall 600. and the lower fall 320 feet. The river is 40 feet wide, 5 feet deep and flows 6.000 gallons per second. The terrific impact as it strikes the rocky floor, makes the earth tremble. The roar is heard for leagues. Clouds of spray volley forth in vvhich rainbows gleam gloriously.' No cataract on earth approaches the sublimity of Yosemite Falls.
Bridal Veil Falls, 620 feet high, is
TENTING AMONG THE PINE AND CEDAR AT CAMP CURRY
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
15
pronounced by many travellers the most beautiful of all waterfalls. A crystal stream 40 feet wide here shoots off the face of a towering cliff, like a discharge of feathery rockets. In gauzelike ethereal folds the sheets of spray glitter in the sunlight like a veil of diamonds.
Vernal Falls presents the breath- taking spectacle of the entire Merced River 80 feet wide, plunging 317 feet down into a dark canyon. Spray arises like steam from a giant's cauldron.
There is only the $5.00 entrance fee to the government, which entitles one to a season's permit for himself and automobile in the park.
The well-graded mountain roads and liberal government regulations make for safety, and no motorist need hesi- tate making the trip. Under the pres- ent regulations motorists have practi- cally the freedom of the valley.
It is possible to enter the park over one road and leave over an entirely dif- ferent route, thus giving a never-end- ing change of scenery.
The roads are all officially signed and the best routes for entering and leaving the valley are described here- in. Camping facilities suggest them- selves as the motorist passes along- through the never ending panorama
From San Francisco the trip can be made easily in a day or a day and a half, from Los Angeles in two days.
The concensus of opinion among motorists is that the Wawona route, via the famous Wawona hotel and In- spiration Point, is the best route for entering Yosemite for the first time.
Motorists may start on the Wawona route from Fresno, via Coarse Gold to Wawona, from Madera, via Raymond and Miami Lodge, or from Merced to Mariposa, via newly graded state high- way and then to Wawona.
Leaving the state highway at Chi- nese Camp, Modesto, Merced, Madera or Fresno, one crosses the rolling foot- hill country of the San Joaquin arid ascends gradually into mountains in- creasing in size, beauty and verdure, until all about one is a magnificent forest of Pine, Fir and Cedar. At the 6000-foot level are found the groves of big trees (sequoia gigantia). Near the
Mariposa grove are two pretty resorts, Miami Lodge and Wawona, where the air is pure and cool at night and full of the odor of the forest.
Leaving Wawona the road winds through the most magnificent sugar pine forest in the world, until swing- ing" around a bend, Yosemite is seen in all its beauty from Inspiration Point, the logical and dramatic entrance to Yosemite.
Descending to the valley floor along a road overhung with towering cliffs, and moistened from the spray of water- falls, a few miles more brings one to a beautiful grove of pine and cedar 'at the foot of Glacier Point, where is situated Camp Curry, famous for its comfort, good cheer and hospitality.
Returning one has the choice of three routes, each offering its charms to the pleasure seeker.
The Coulterville route is by way of Merced Big Tree Grove, Hazel Green, Bower cave (well worth seeing), and the historic town of Coulterville, thence by different roads to either Merced or Modesto.
The Big Oak Flat road is the most direct to the north and runs via Carl Inn, Crocker's, Hamilton Station, Big Oak Flat and Priest's Hotel to Chinese Camp and State Highway. On this route just above Hamilton's Station, the new road to Hetch Hetchy joins, and above Crocker's is the new com- mencement of the Tioga Road.
The Tioga route runs through the highest section of Yosemite National Park, which has been aptly described as the Switzerland, of America. The road itself attains a height of 9941 feet, but on all sides are seen sky-piercing peaks and spires, covered with age- encrusted ice and snow — many of them more than 13,000 feet in height. Be- low Tioga Pass is the newly rebuilt Leevining Canyon Grade, which forms the connecting link across the state ; opening as it does the weird, wild vol- canic and desert country lying east of the Sierra. At the foot of Leevining Canyon is Mono Lake, the craters, Hammond's Resort and the roads lead- ing north to Tahoe and south to Los Angeles, through Bishop, Owens Val- ley and Mojave.
Automobile and Motorcycle Regulations
Governing tlie Admission of Automotiles and Motorcycles Into tke Yosemite National Park of California
[ACTS of CONGRESS. 26 STAT., 650 and 19 STAT.. 535]
1. Entrances. — Automobiles and motorcycles may enter and leave the park by any of the entrances, viz., Tioga Pass, Aspen Valley, Crane Flat, Merced Grove, El Portal, Wawona, and Mariposa Grove.
2. Automobiles. — The park is open to automobiles operated for pleasure, but not to those carrying passengers who are paying, either directly or in- directly, for the use of machines (ex- cepting, however, automobiles used by park concessioners).
Careful driving is demanded of all persons using the roads.
The Government is in no way re- sponsible for any kind of accident.
3. Automobile Trucks. — Automo- bile trucks are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automo- biles, and are subject to the same regu- lations except as hereinafter noted :
Trucks of more than 3 tons capacity are not permitted on any of the park roads other than the El Portal Road and the roads on the floor of Yosemite Valley.
4. Motorcycles. — Motorcycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are sub- ject to the same regulations, as far as they are applicable. Automobiles and horse-drawn vehicles shall have the right of way over motorcycles.
5. Roads. — The Tioga Road is open from July 15 to September 30, the Big Oak Flat Road from May 15 to No- vember 1, and the Wawona Road from May 1 to November 1.
The El Portal and Valley Roads are open all of the year, except occasionally during the winter, when the Valley Roads may be blocked with snow for short periods. These cases are rare, however, as the roads are cleared promptly after snow storms.
In the Big Oak Flat Road between Gentry (Station No. 2) and Floor of
Valley (station No. 1), 4 miles, and on the Wawona Road between Inspiration Point (station No. 3) and Floor of Valley (station No. 4) 2^ miles, auto- mobiles may go east, down grade, only on odd hours, and may go west, up grade, only on even hours, speed in no case to exceed 12 miles per hour. They must travel between stations No. 1 and No. 2 on the Big Oak Flat Road within the hour, but in not less than 25 minutes, and between stations No. 3 and No. 4 on the Wawona Road within the hour, but in not less than 15 min- utes.
6. Permits. — The permit must be secured at the ranger station where the automobile enters, and will entitle the permitted to go over and or all of the roads in the park. It is good for the entire season, expiring on December 31 of the year of issue. The permit must be conveniently kept so that it can be exhibited to park rangers on de- mand. Each permit must be exhibited to the checking ranger for verification on exit from the park.
7. Fees. — Fees for automobile and motorcycle permits are $5 and $2 re- spectively, and are payable in cash only.
8. Distance Apart — Gears and Brakes. — Automobiles while in motion must not be less than 50 yards apart, except for purpose of passing, which is permissable only on comparative levels or on slight grades. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must re- tain their gears constantly enmeshed. The driver of each automobile will be required to satisfy the ranger issuing the permit that all parts of his ma- chine, particularly the brakes and tires, are in first-class working order and capable of making the trip ; and that there is sufficient gasoline in the tank to reach the next place where it may be obtained..'|^The automobile must
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ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
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carry at least one extra tire. Motor- cycles not equipped with brakes in good working order will not be permit- ted to enter the park.
9. Speeds. — On the roads on the Floor of Yosemite Valley speed not to exceed 30 miles per hour will be per- mitted on straight stretches of open road, but speed must not exceed 15 miles per hour when passing through villages or camps, crossing bridges, passing teams or other automobiles or pedestrians, or rounding curves where visibility is obscured.
On all roads in the park speed is limited to 12 miles per hour on grades and when rounding sharp curves. On straight, open stretches when no team is nearer than 200 yards speed may be increased to 20 miles per hour.
Automobile trucks of more than V/? tons capacity are limited to a speed of not to exceed 10 miles per hour on all park roads.
1€. Horns. — The horn will be sounded on approaching curves or stretches of road concealed for any considerable distance by slopes, over- hanging trees, or other obstacles, and before meeting or passing other ma- chines, riding or driving animals, or pedestrians.
11. Lights. — (Same as California State Faw).
12. Muffler Cut-outs.— Muffler cut- outs must be closed on Valley roads or while approaching or passing riding- horses, horse-drawn vehicles, hotels, camps, or checking stations.
13. Teams. — When teams, saddle horses, or pack trains approach, auto- mobiles will take the outer edge of the roadway regardless of the direction in which they may be going, taking care that sufficient room is left on the inside for the passage of vehicles and animals. Teams have the right of way, and auto- mobiles will be backed or otherwise handled as may be necessary so as to enable teams to pass with safety. In no case must automobiles pass animals on the road at a speed greater than 8 miles per hour.
14. Accidents, Stopovers. — If, be- cause of accident or stop for any rea- son, automobiles are unable to keep
going they must be immediately parked off the road, or where this is impossi- ble, on the outer edge of the road. If on a one-way road, the automobile must wait where parked for the next hour schedule going in its direction of travel. If for any reason the automo- bile is stopped on the floor of Yosemite Valley it must be parked off on the right-hand edge of the road.
15. Fines and Penalties. — Violation of any of the foregoing regulations will be punishable by revocation of automo- bile permit or by immediate ejectment from the park, or by a fine of not to jexceed $500; or by any combination of the three, and be cause for refusal to issue new automobile permit to the owner without prior sanction in writing from the director of the National Park Service.
16. Time. — Automobile drivers should compare their watches with the clocks at checking stations.
17. Reduced Engine Power, Gaso- line, Etc. — Due to the high altitude of the park roads, ranging between 4,000 and 10,000 feet, the power of all auto- mobiles is much reduced, so that a leaner mixture and about 50 per cent more gasoline is required than at lower altitudes. Likewise, one gear lower will generally have to be used on grades than would have to be used in other places. A further effect that must be watched is the heating of the engine on long grades, which may be- come serious unless care is used. Gas- oline can be purchased at regular sup- ply stations as per posted notices.
Motorcycles equipped with single speed engines will encounter serious difficulties in negotiating the heavy mountain grades, and drivers are warned against making the attempt with this class of machine.
18. Garage. — In Yosemite Valley automobiles may be housed free of charge at Camp Curry, Yosemite Camp and other camps of this character. The garage operated by the Yosemite Na- tional Park Company is equipped for the housing of automobiles, as well as general repair work, parts, supplies, etc.. at prices regulated by the National Park Service.
Camp Curry in Txc Yosemite
Tills Putlic Resort Is Situated Among tte Pines and Cedars witk Modern Equipment for 1000 Guests at Moderate Rates
CAMP CURRY is a fully equipped modern hotel camp with a cap- acity of 1000 guests, situated in the midst of a pine and cedar forest, on the needle-carpeted floor of California's wonderland, Yosemite, operated on the American Plan and offering to the pub- lic all of the delights and attractions of camp life coupled with the conven- iences and service of a first-class hotel. It was the first public camp in Yo- semite and has in the past twenty sea- sons entertained over 85,000 guests, be- ginning with 290 in 1899 and averaging 11,000 a year for the past three seasons.
It is personally managed by its own- ers and nothing is left undone that might add to the convenience or com- fort of its guests.
The rates are moderate and the ex- pense of an outing in Yosemite can be accurately figured in advance.
Camp Curry is on the floor of Yo- semite Valley, in the Yosemite Nation- al Park, about two hundred miles east of San Francisco. It is located at the head of the valley, nearest the principal trails and chief points of interest and at the base of Glacier Point, a mass of rock towering 3250 feet above the camp.
Five magnificent waterfalls are fed from the snowy mantle of the sur- rounding Sierra and as their streams thunder down the precipitous walls of the valley and meet and mingle in the placid Merced, they waken and keep alive the verdure which clothes and softens the lines of the granite cliffs.
The Horseshoe Route, operating seven passenger Pierce-Arrow cars- be- tween Merced and Yosemite via Wa- wona and the Mariposa Grove of Big Trees, leaves Merced at 8 :00 a. m. daily between May 1st and October 31st. ar- rives at Miami Lodge for lunch and, after making- a side trip through the Mariposa Grove of Big- Trees, arrives at Wawona for dinner. The next morn- ing the trip continues into the Yosem-
ite via Inspiration Point, arriving at Camp Curry at 11:30 a. m. An op- tional side trip to Glacier Point puts the passenger into Camp Curry at 6 :00 p. m.
The "Cannon Ball" leaves Camp Curry daily at 9 a. m. direct to Wa- wona for lunch, arriving at Merced at 4:45 p. m.
Various combinations of the railroad and auto service are available so that the tourist need see no scenery twice, g-oing in one way and out the other.
Camp Curry has 650 tents of various sizes, accommodating one or more guests each.
The tents are of 10-ounce white duck double roofed to afford ample protec- tion against the sun and rain and are set up on tongue and groove board platforms, carpeted with grass rugs.
The service is the same as in any first-class hotel.
Bungalow cottages maintained at Camp Curry are acknowledged by all guests to be the last word in charm and comfort. The cottages are built for one, two, or four rooms.
Camp Curry is equipped throughout with modern plumbing.
From standpoint of service Camp Curry offers everything the most ex- acting guest demands. The dining room is the boast of satisfied campers ; most of its employees are selected from university and other school circles. Tipping is unnecessary here to secure proper service. A modern bath-house and swimming pool is maintained. There is also a studio, candy kitchen, soda fountain and free garage for the further convenience of Camp Curry guests.
Everything at Camp Currv is con- ducted for the pleasure of the guest. Amusements include everything of- fered at any first class resort.
When you Arrive at Camp Curry Foster Curry will greet you.
20
A Little Talk to Homeseekers
BY
POLLYANN
Requirements Essential to Success
and
Necessary Capital Needed to Succeed with Earnest Effort in the West
I SAW a letter the other day from a homeseeker now living in an east- ern city in which he stated his de- sire to secure a government homestead location of one hundred and sixty acres.
The conditions which must surround this location, in order to satisfy the longings of this particular settler, were that the land must be within fifty miles of Los Angeles, it must be near the sea coast and must have water available for irrigation.
I wonder if the writer of that letter has ever stopped to realize what has happened in California in the last gen- eration. Surely not, because had he known conditions, he would not have wasted his time in writing and the time of the railroad administration's agri- cultural section in reading and answer- ing a query for something that does not exist. To be sure, there are a limited number of homestead and other gov- ernment locations still available to the settler in California but they are either so far removed from transportation as to render them unavailable for the homeseeker who must create an imme- diate income from his land, or are so situated regarding water possibilities as to require a large investment in or- der to bring them into production. This is the condition in California
and it is briefly summed up by Dean Thomas F. Hunt of the Agricultural College at Berkeley in his latest publi- cation on advice to the settler. Dean Hunt says :
"There was a time, not long ago, when the normal process of becoming a farmer was to homestead a piece of government land. Theoretically it is still an available process, but practical- ly it is non-existent."
So there you are. Mr. Homeseeker. with a direct opinion from the man of all men best posted as to a settler's opportunities in California.
In Utah and Idaho, and to some ex- tent in Oregon, this ruling will not ac- curately apply for there are areas pos- sible of development where all classes of government land are still open to the settler.
But the man in search of a western home must fully realize that the taking up of government land and its transfor- mation into a home is a matter of un- adulterated pioneering. Results may be advanced if sufficient capital is at hand to cover development expense but, to the man of little capital, it is a long hard road.
Now do not mistake me and inter- pret me as saying that in the states mentioned, there is little government land open to settlement. On the other
21
22
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
hand there are thousands, yes millions of acres, only awaiting the application of proper and possible reclamation sys- tems to render them as fertile as any lands on earth.
Right now the greatest minds of the engineering world are busy with the questions regarding these vast stretch- es of western land and are only waiting for Congress to adopt Secretary Lane's plans, before they set the dirt flying on the great projects that have already been proved practical.
Of course these lands under the pro- jects planned will be primarily avail- able to the returned soldier but, from my point of observation, there will be a greatest plenty of chances for men, and women too, who did not don the uniform of Uncle Sam.
Speaking of letters from homeseek- ers reminds me to have a few words to say on the money question. Of the thousands of letters asking for infor- mation regarding opportunities in the west, which I have been privileged to read, there is a gooC.ly percentage which tell of either no capital or else a meager sum that would not give even a preliminary start in any country.
I made a personal reference of this same matter to Dean Hunt and his reply was :
"I have heard of people making a success on less than five hundred or a thousand dollars capital but they are few and far between. I have always advocated the possession of at least that amount if a person would make a comfortable success.
"There are, of course, conditions where a smaller amount would be suf- ficient and, in naming that figure, I am referring to the man who wishes to build up a home place of sufficient size to produce a good living for his family and provide for educational and other necessary expense.
"In California's state settlement plans, as developed in the colony at Durham, a few contracts were made involving amounts under $5,000 — but if
a man is going out into the open mar- ket to secure his home he will require the sum named. In addition he must be capable and willing to work hard enough to show a returii from his labors considerably in advance of the results achieved by any help he may employ."
As an endorsement of Dean Hunt's opinion I have before me letters from several men experienced in coloniza- tion and the placing of settlers. Every one of them gives figures in excess of four thousand dollars as a necessary capital for the California settler who wishes to become an owner and devote his entire attention to the upbuilding of a revenue-producing home place.
Now, on the other hand, comes the man who has a family who can render him sufficient assistance to permit of his developing revenue from his labor on neighboring places or in a position away from his own property.
To a man so situated his own efiforts may be considered as a part of his capital. I have known such men to succeed in building up a producing home on a capital as low as one thou- sand dollars. Many of these smaller successes are made in the raising of poultry with a little intensive farming on the side.
Success on a small investment de- pends, primarily, on close proximity to markets where every advantage can be taken for quick sales and minimum cost of transportation.
Poultry is good if given the proper attention but this attention must be constant and unvarying and must in- clude the immediate elimination of every bird whose record does not show a profit. On a well handled and scien- tifically operated poultry ranch the an- nual profit per bird should approximate one dollar. An acre will keep several hundred birds although plenty of -room is an increased asset. So it is easy to figure on California's poultry possibil- ities.
Some successful small ranchers com-
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
23
bine a small dairy plant with their poultry. A natural accompaniment of the dairy is a herd of hogs. Then there is possibility in honey for, in Califor- nia, bees are easy to handle and, in proper locations, very productive.
All these things mean work and, if the head of the family is employed away from his home place, provision must be made for having this work done. If the family, with the help of the household head in odd hours, can handle the affairs — all well and good. But if this help must be hired the prof- its vanish in the pay-roll.
Please take me in the right spirit. I do not wish to throw a blanket over the aspirations of even the smallest homesteader but I do wish to have them understand that the building up of a producing home requires a finan- cial foundation. This foundation may consist of part cash and part earning power but it must exist to insure success.
Now understand me. my dear home- seeker — there are ample opportunities out here on the western slope of our country for thousands of families and
successful ones too. That is just what we wish to see. Success and not fail- ure. For this very reason I am trying to place you in touch with the facts.
I wish that I could have a good per- sonal "pow wow" with every one of you who have written a homeseeker's letter about our glorious west. I believe I could help you solve a lot of problems that now seem hard to you.
I could at least remove a few ideas one of which was expressed by a lady who stated that she was deeply inter- ested in the city of San Diego but would not consider it as a home unless assured that "law and order were main- tained" there.
I have wondered what kind of a reply Billy Tompkins, the energetic Secre- tary of San Diego's Chamber of Com- merce, would have made to this query. Anyhow she was told the truth about the city on the "Harbor of the Sun" and that she as well as many other prospective settlers will find a happy home in this gloriously wonderful West, is the sincere wish of
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ANNOUNCEMENT |
j Henry K. Silversmith, formerly of Spokane, Wash., comes to THE ARROWHEAD |
I as business manager. Mr Sliversmith for the past twenty years has been associated i
I in various capacities with leading Pacific Coast development publications. His latest |
I connection was with The Pacific Northwest Farm Trio, including The Washington, |
I The Idaho and The Oregon Farmers, published at Spokane, Wash. |
I The business office of THE ARROWHEAD is permanently located at Room 449 |
I Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, California, |
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ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
HOTEL
REYNOLDS
RIVERSIDE, CALIFORNIA
140 Rooms — Centrally Located MAIN STREET AT NINTH
A modern popular priced commercial and tourist hotel. Excellent rooms with privilege of bath, $1.00 per day up. Unsurpassed rooms with private bath, $1 50 and $2.00 per day up. Cafe service at popular prices, including- A la Carte Club Breakfast, 50 cent Lunch and 75 cent Dinner.
HOTEL REYNOLDS CO., Props.
JAMES E. HAMILTON, Resident Manager
NEW
ARLINGTON
HOTEL
Santa Barbara, California
An absolutely fireproof hotel. All out- side rooms, affording plenty of light and air. Headquarters for tourists from all parts of the world. Private lavatories in connection with all rooms. Ideal climate the year round.
E. P. DUNN. Lessee.
IMPERIAL VALLEY LANDS
I EARLY CROPS SURE CROPS BUMPER CROPS
J Let us tell you what this marvelous region will do and then let
1 us take you there and show you these same things being done.
1 We will be glad to show you exactly what can be safely counted on.
I $75 to $120 Per Acre
I Terms One-fifth Dowrn
I 1 0 Acres Up to a Section
1 Ask us about —
i Alfalfa, Barley, Milo Maize, Kaffir Corn, Cotton, Cattle, Sheep, Hogs,
i Turkeys, Chickens, Grapefruit, Lemons, Table Grapes, Vegetables, Fruit,
1 Melons, Berries.
Information and Sales Offices:
W. K. BOWKER
214 American Nat'l Bank Bids.
Phone 64029
Los Angeles, Cal.
H. H. CLARK Calipatria, California
HERBERT L. CORNISH
1010 Van Nuys Bldg:.
Phone 65685
Los Angreles, Cal.
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE 25
n
CAMP CURRY
IN
YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK
Tents and Bungalows a 1,000 Capacity
EXCELS IN
SERVICE - HOSPITALITY - ENTERTAINMENT NEAREST ALL POINTS OF INTEREST
TARIFF: $3.50 per day — $23.00 per week in Tents $5.00 per Day in Bungalows
For FOLDERS and INFORMATION — write or call at
CAMP CURRY OFFICE
623 SOUTH SPRING STREET
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
The BEST EQUIPPED CAMP on Earth
26
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
S ANGELES
f€ and Restaurant Garage in connection
Tak«Taxi at Station at our expense
LieHoLLADAT Prc3. GeoACoUJNS 5c7.
PALO VERDE VALLEY
CALIFORNIA'S INLAND EMPIRE
(Where Nothing Knocks but Opportunity)
Palo Verde is one of the richest valleys in the entire Southwest. It is located in Riverside County and borders the Colorado River for a distance of 30 miles.
It contains 100,000 acres of deep, rich silt soil made by alluvial deposits from the Colorado during bygone centuries.
It is irrigated by an abundant supply of water taken by gravity from the Colorado River. The farmers own the water system, so the only cost of water is actual expense of distribution.
Every kind of crop grown in the temperate zone thrives in this valley of wonders. The principal mortgage lifters are cotton, alfalfa, barley, corns and grains, hogs, cattle, sheep, chickens and turkeys. Palo Verde is still in the development stage and thus affords greater opportunities than can be found elsewhere.
The population has increased from 2000 to nearly 8000 in three years, since, the providing of rail transportation by the building of the California Southern Railroad, connecting the valley with the Santa Fe. .
Unimproved land with water can be had on very attractive terms.
Investigate Palo Verde if you would win a home, with health, wealth, and inde- pendence.
Chamber of Commerce
BLYTHE, CALIFORNIA
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
27
Seashore-
Mountains
Vacation Time
is here again and many of us are plan- ning to spend a goodly portion of that time at one of the numerous seaside resorts while others will prefer the mountains —
In either case the PACIFIC ELEC- TRIC RAILWAY offers unexcelled ser- vice to seaside resorts and direct con- nections to many mountain camps.
SEASIDE RESORTS
Venice. Ocean Park, Santa Monica, Her- mosa Beach, Manhattan Beach, Redondo l?each. Long Beach, Seal Beach, Huntington Beach. Newport Beach, Balboa.
MOUNTAIN RESORTS
Mt. Lowe, Camp Baldy, Hoegee's Camp, Glenn Ranch, Cold Brook Camp, Camp Rin- con, FoUow's Camp, Strain's Camp, and San Bernardino Mountain Resorts.
Pacific Electric Railway
For Information and Literature Address
O. A. SMITH, General Passenger Agent
LOS ANGELES
HOTEL WHITCOMB
Market Street at Civic Center, San Francisco BIG GARAGE FREE TO GUESTS
R.ooni -wxtn oatn, $2.00 and up; witn Jetacked batli, $1.50 and up lea every atternoon in tne Sun Room Dancing every Saturday nignt
American and European
J. H. Van Home, Manager
28
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
United States Railroad Administration
WALKER D. HINES, Director General of Railroads
Agricultural Section— Division ofgTraf f ic
J. L. Edwards, Manager, Washington, D. C.
Northern and Western Zone
Including all States north of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and the north boundaries of Arkansas, Texas and California
STANDING COMMITTEE
C. L. SEAGRAVES, A. T. & S. F. R. R., Chairman, Chicago
F. S. WELCH.
N. Y. CENTRAL R. R.,
NEW YORK.
W. L. ENGLISH,
S. L. & S. F. R. R..
ST. LOUIS.
J. B. LAMSON.
C. B. & Q. R. R.,
CHICAGO.
F. S. McCABE,
C. ST. P. & O. R. R.,
ST. PAUL, MINN.
J. L. BRICKER,
N. P. R. R.,
ST. PAUL, MINN.
DOUGLAS WHITE,
L. A. & S. L. R. R.,
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
Pacific District
States of California, Oregon, Utah, Idaho and Nevada
DOUGLAS WHITE, Committeeman in charge District Headquarters, Room 449 Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles, California
DISTRICT COMMITTEES CALIFORNIA COMMITTEE— JURISDICTION. STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DOUGLAS WHITE, Chairman, L. A. & S. L. R. R., Los Angeles, California
H. W. SMITH,
S. P. R. R.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
JOHN R. HAYDEN,
SANTA FE R. R.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
W. J. SHOTWELL,
W. P. R. R.,
SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.
M. L. GILLOGLY,
N. W. P. R. R.,
SAN FRANCISCO. CALIF.
THOMAS ELLIOTT
AMERICAN RAILWAY EXPRESS
LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
T. J. DAY,
PACIFIC ELECTRIC RY.. LOS ANGELES, CALIF. J. E. STANLEY, S. D. & A. R. R., SAN DIEGO, CALIF. L. H. RODEBAUGH, O. A. & E. RY., OAKLAND, CALIF. J. R. WILSON. S. N. R. R..
SACRAMENTO, CALIF. A. E. WARMINGTON, CAL. SOUTHERN R. R., LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
J. C. STONE,
CENTRAL CALIF. TRACTION,
STOCKTON, CALIF.
F. E. CHAPIN, PENINSULAR ELEC. R. R., SAN JOSE, CALIF.
FRANK M. JENNIFER,
T. & T. R. R..
LOS ANGELES. CALIF.
M. A. BYRNE,
Committee Secretary. L. A. & S. L. R. R., LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
H. A. HINSHAW, S P R R PORTLAND, ORE. C. E. ARNEY, N. P. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH. R. H. CROZIER. S. P. & S. R. R.. PORTLAND, ORE.
OREGON COMMITTEE— JURISDICTION, STATE OF OREGON
C. L. SMITH, Chairman, O. W. R. & N., Portland, Oregon
WM. McMURRAY, J. L. MEIER,
O.-W. R. R. & N., GREAT SOUTHERN R. R.,
PORTLAND, ORE. PORTLAND, ORE. F. D. HUNT,
E;^5v^»x,.?'^r,r- CLARENCE E. POTTER,
PORTLAND, ORE. Committee Secretary.
CHAS. T. EARLY, r> w r r a, N
MT. HOOD R. R., °-^- ^- ^- '^ Jll
PORTLAND. ORE. PORTLAND, ORE.
INTERMOUNTAIN COMMITTEE — JURISDICTION, STATES OF UTAH, IDAHO, NEVADA
JOEL PRIEST, Chairman, Oregon Short Line Railroad, Boise, Idaho
C. A. BARTON, INTERMOUNTAIN R. R.. BOISE, IDAHO.
W. H. OLIN.
D. & R. G. R. R.,
DENVER, COLO.
C. E. ARNEY, N. P. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH.
W. P. WARNER, C. M. & S. P. R. R.. SPOKANE, WASH.
F. W. GRAHAM,
GT. NORTHERN R. R.,
SEATTLE, WASH.
FRANK M. JENNIFER,
T. & T. R. R.,
LOS ANGELES, CAL.
WALDO G. P.MNE, S. & I. E. R. R., SPOKANE, WASH.
ROSS BEESON,
S. L. & U .R. R.,
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
J. W. ELLINGSON, U. I. & C. R. R.. OGDEN, UTAH.
W. T. WALLACE, BOISE TRACTION CO., BOISE, IDAHO.
H. E. DUNN, P. & I. N. R. R., WEISER, IDAHO.
J. W. LOWRIE, BAMBERGER LINES, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
H. W. SMITH,
S P R R
SAN ' FRANCISCO, CAL.
A. V. PETERSON,
Committee Secretary.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH.
The Agricultural Section, Division of Traffic, is formed for the purpose of encouraging Agricultural Development and Furnishing Information to Prospective Homeseekers. Information on these subjects may be secured by addressing any of the above named Committeemen, or
J. L. EDWARDS, Manager Agricultural Section, U. S. R. R. Administration WASHINGTON, D. C.
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE 29
Information tor Homeseekers
THE U. S. RAILROAD ADMINISTRA- TION has established a Homeseekers Bureau to furnish free information about opportunities in the several States to those who wish to engage in farming, stock raising and kindred pursuits. If this appeals to YOU, w^rite today, letting us know^ w^hat kind of data you w^ant, and naming the State, the advantages of wrhich you desire to investigate.
Address the Undersigned, or, if more convenient, communicate w^ith the Agricul- tural Agent of any railroad in the territory in w^hich you are interested. The informa- tion thus furnished can be depended upon as being reliable.
J. L. Edwards, Manager
Room 500 Agricultural Section
U. S. RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION Washington, D. C.
30
ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
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ARROWHEAD MAGAZINE
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LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
THE MOST EXCLUSIVE BUSINESS SCHOOL IN THE CITY
Thorough training in Gregg, Pitman Sliorthand, Typewriting, Dictaplione, Bool\l<eeping, Cominercial Spanish, Civil Service Preparatory and Secreta- rial Courses and University trained teachers. Individual instruction pro- duces efficiency in half the time and at half the expense of classroom work. Students may enroll at any time. Rapidity, Accuracy and Absolute Effi- ciency is our motto. Day and evening classes.
SCHOOL OF
PRlVATESECRETARieS
m
^"' Floor BAKER -DETWILER BLDG
Oh
,H0nE-A6389
" bf 6LTW HILl —OLIVf iTS
nAIN 8754,
LEADING THEATRES and PLACES of
AMUSEMENT
IN LOS ANGELES
^OO^^SUiM^
Broadway, Between 6th and 7th Streets, LOS ANGELES
PHONE: Main 977 Home 10477
BILL CHANGED EVERY MONDAvThe Standard of Vaudeville
EVERY NIGHT at 8 o'clock. 10c, to $1.00 MATINEES at 2 o'clock Daily. 10c to 50c, Matieees. Sat., Sun. and Holidtys 10c to 75c
A L H A M B R A ^"^^^ «- * * ^^^ New
7tli Street SKopping District
731 SOUTH HILL STREET
HIGH CLASS PHOTO -PLAYS ALWAYS
Splendid Music A Real Home of the Silent Art Good Comedies
TALLY'S BROADWAY THEATRE ssi 3.5 s. Br.adwa,
LOS ANGELES, CAL.
FINEST THEATRE PIPE ORGAN IN THE CITY
Exclusive showing of Clara Kimball Young, Norma Talmadge, Canstance Talmadge, Mary Pickford and other Notable Stars
Exclusive Showing of Charlie Chaplin Pictures
MEMBERS OF THE FIRST NATIONAL EXHIBITORS CIRCUT
SHOWS START: 11, 1:30, 3:30, 5:30, 7:15, 9:00 PRICES: 15, 20 and 30 Cents
_ Seventh Street Between
^-'T^T^tKSt. Broadway and Hill Street
2s.t J^roa-otwacy
Always Shows Feature Films at Popular Prices Continuous, 11 A.M. to 11 P.M. Prices: 15, 20, 25 cents
THE SUPERBA «!^:-s:
SHOWING ONLY THE HIGHEST AND BEST OF THE CINEMA ART
The Superba is regarded as one of the very finest
Picture Theatres in America.
SYMPjHONY THEATRE eiwie so«th Broadwa,
15c--20c--25c
NOTHING BUT SUPER FEATURE PLAYS
OTHER FEATURES MAKES THE SYMPHONY "THE BRIGHT SPOT OF BROADWAY" SHOWS: II A. M., 12:30 P. M., 2, 3:30, 5, 6:30, 8 and 9:30 P. M, CHANGE OF PROGRAMME SUNDAYS
%^»vua
AMERICA'S FOREMOST PHOTO - PLAY EDIFICE
FIRST RUN-;^ -^
Artcraft, Paramount and Special Productions
40 Piece Symphony Orchestra Latest News Reels, Scenics and Comedies MILLER'S NEW THEATRE CONTINUOUS „„,^^„ ,, „,^^„ M.t. 15 - 25 - 35c
810 South Main Street 11 a. M. to U:30 P.m. PRICES always Evc l5-25-35-50c
SAN DIEGO
CALIFORNIA
^SHE COMBINATION of all ^*^of Southern California's en- tertainments, plus the attractions provided by Uncle Sam in his army and navy aviation camps, concrete ship building yards, etc., together with that reBned atmo- sphere of a well-appointed home, the quiet dignity, central location and uncommonly attractive rates of the U. S. Grant Hotel, await you. Illustrated literature on re- quest.
ABSOLUTELY FIRE-PROOF
U.S.Grant Hotel
J, H. HoltneSy Managing Director O. L. CHAFFIN, Asst. Mgr.
— 35 minules from Camp Kearny.
— 7 minules from Balboa ParJf Naval Training
Station. — 20 minules from U. S. Army and Navy
Avialion Camps.
mi Hi
I
I I Absolutely Fireproof
P^ 555
. ROOMS— Eacli witK Private BatL
Tariff from $1.50
EUROPEAN PLAN TRAVF/LERS who are accustomed to the best, find at the Clark every possible comfort, convenience and refinement. Luxurious appointments. The constant desire of e?ch atten- dant is to render service, tireless, real service. Splen- did grill. Located in the heart of the cify, opposite beautiful central park.
FREE AUTO BUS MEETS TRAINS - WRITE FOR FOLDER
Under Management of M . D I M M I C K, Lessee