££ 1 1*3 A Arachnologische Heft 47 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 ISSN 1018-4171 www.AraGes.de/aramit Natural History Museum Library Herausgeber: Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. URL: http://www.AraGes.de 300017041 Arachnologische Mitteilungen Schriftleitung: Theo Blick, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Terrestrische Zoologie, Projekt Hessische Naturwaldreservate, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt/M., E-Mail: theo.blick@senckenberg.de, aramit@theoblick.de Dr. Sascha Buchholz, Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Ökologie, Rothenburgstr. 12, D-12165 Berlin, E-Mail: sascha.buchholz@tu-berlin.de Redaktion: Theo Blick, Frankfurt Dr. Sascha Buchholz, Berlin Dr. Jason Dunlop, Berlin Dr. Ambros Hänggi, Basel Dr. Hubert Höfer 8c Stefan Scharf, Karlsruhe (Satz und Repro, E-Mail: hubert.hoefer@smnk.de) Wissenschaftlicher Beirat: Dr. Elisabeth Bauchhenß, Wien (AT); Dr. Peter Bliss, Halle/S. 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The spitting spider Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837 is recorded for the first time in Central Europe from both Germany and Slovakia. The species was found in two localities, within the Botanical Garden in Bratislava (Slova- kia), specifä ca I ly from a heated greenhouse with high humidity, and the "Tropical Islands”, a tropical holiday resort in Krausnick (Germany). It seems that this Pantropical species has probably been introduced here along with imported plants. A description of diagnostic characters, as well as figures, is given. Keywords: artificial tropical ecosystem, botanical garden, first record, introduced species Zusammenfassung. Neunachweis der exotischen Speispinne Scytodes fusca (Araneae, Scytodidae) in Mitte- leuropa aus Deutschland und der Slowakei. Die Speispinne Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1 837 konnte erstmals für Mitteleuropa in Deutschland und der Slowakei nachgewiesen werden. Die Funde stammen aus dem Botanischen Garten in Bratislava (Slowakei) sowie aus dem Freizeitbad „Tropical Islands" in Krausnick (Deutschland). Es wird ver- mutet, dass die pantropische Art durch Zierpflanzen eingeschleppt wurde. Die charakteristischen Merkmale der Art werden beschrieben und abgebildet. The genus Scytodes consists of 215 species and 4 subspecies distributed worldwide with the largest diversity (>100 species) in the Neotropical region. The majority of them are found in Brazil (76 spe- cies) (Rheims & Brescovit 2009, Platnick 2013). Spitting spiders are well known for their unusual hunting technique which involves spitting a sticky mass. They attack other arthropods by ejecting a mixture of silk and glue at them, immobilizing the prey long enough to allow safe envenomation (Suter &c Stratton 2013). Previously, only one species of the genus, Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802), was known from Cen- tral Europe. In Europe nine species of Scytodes have been recorded, plus three species occurring only in the Canary Islands. Most of them are only known from the Mediterranean region, but four Pantropi- cal species have been imported into Europe: Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837, S. longipes Lucas, 1844, S. lu- gubris (Thoreil, 1887) and S. venusta (Thoreil, 1890) Anna SESTÄKOVÄ, The Western Slovakian Museum, Müzejne nämestie 3, Trnava, SK— 91 809 Slovakia, e-mail: asestakova@gmail.com Ludmila CERNECKÄ, Department of Production Ecology, Institute of Forest Ecology of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Zvolen, SK-96053, Slovakia, e-mail: cernecka@savzv.sk Jonathan NEUMANN, Harrosteig 35, 1 2524 Berlin, Germany, email: jonathan.neumann@uni-potsdam.de Nils REISER. Zietenstraße 7-9, 10783 Berlin, Germany, e-mail: nils-reiser@gmx.de submitted 29. 12. 2013, accepted 22. 2. 2014, online 27. 3. 2014 (Brignoli 1976, van Helsdingen 2012, Nentwig et al. 2013, Platnick 2013). The new spider for the Cen- tral European arachnofauna reported here, S. fusca, is known from the Americas, tropical Africa, Asia (from Indomalaya to Japan) (for more details see Brignoli 1976) and Southern Europe (Cardoso 2011). The spitting spider S. fusca is known to be synan- thropic, having adapted to life inside houses in Brazil (Brescovit &c Rheims 2000, Araujo et al. 2008). In Australia, it seems to be communal-territorial, living in large colonies and practicing a primitive form of maternal care (Bowden &c Jackson 1988, Bowden 1991, Yap et al. 2011). Methods Three Botanical Gardens were sampled: two in Slo- vakia (Bratislava, Kosice) and one in the Czech Re- public (Brno). Specimens were found in only one of them, in Bratislava (Slovakia); and only in one of three tropical rooms of the greenhouse. Specimens were collected from their webs found beneath stones. In Germany all specimens were found in the tropical holiday resort “Tropical Islands” in Krausnick (near Berlin). Most of the spiders were also discovered be- neath objects, as in Slovakia. Specimens were identified using Nentwig et al. (2013). Tie vulva was macerated in 4 % hydroxide So- lution and dyed in a water solution of Amido Black. Photographs were taken using EOS Utility Software 2 A. Sestäkovä, L. Cerneckä, J. Neumann & N. Reiser Fig. 1 : Female of Scytodes fusca with egg sack. - Photo: A. Ses- täkovä and a Canon EOS 1100D digital camera connected to a Zeiss Stemi 2000-C stereomicroscope. Digital images were montaged and edited using Photoshop CS6. The material is preserved in 70 % ethanol and deposited in the The Western Slovakian Museum in Trnava and in the private collections of Nils Reiser and Jonathan Neumann. One female was sent to Arno Grabolle (Weimar) and one to Tobias Bauer (Stuttgart). Results and discussion Material examined Females with egg sacks (Fig. 1) and numerous juve- niles were observed in both countries. In Germany several adult males were found, but in Slovakia only one subadult male was collected; which matured un- der laboratory conditions. GERMANY: 2 2$, 2 juv (19 January 2013); 1 6, 7 22, 2 juv (5 March 2013); 2 66, 4 juv (7 March 2013): heated hall of “Tropical Islands”, Krausnick, 50°2’20.48”N; 13°44’54.75“E, 78 m a.s.l., leg. J. Neumann & N. Reiser. SLOVAKIA: 1 juv (12 December 2012); 2 22, 1 juv (25 April 2013), 1 6 (collected as subadult 31 July 2013): in one of three heated greenhouses in the Botanical Garden of Comenius University, Bratislava, 48°8’49.2”N; 17°4’20.97”E, 148 m a.s.l., leg. M. Holecovä & A. Sestäkovä. Diagnosis This species could be confused with Scytodes velutina Heineken & Lowe, 1832 in Europe. Females of S. fusca have an epigynal fovea as wide as high, not nar- row as in S. velutina , and the spermathecae have long, recurved stalks; very short in S. velutina.The carapace is usually much darker so the pattern is hardly visible, in comparison to S. velutina with a visible pattern. Males and juveniles can be distinguished by distinct patterns of the carapace and abdomen. Male bulbus with long, narrow terminal portion in comparison to the broad one in S. velutina (Brignoli 1976, Saaristo 1997). Description Medium sized and short-legged species (Valerio 1981). Females (ca. 6 mm, carapace 2.5 — 3.0 mm) are dark, without distinct pattern on habitus; legs are uniformly brown with darker femora (Figs 2a, b). Vulva with reduced atrium, one pair of small sperma- thecae with recurved stalks and - under epigastrium - more or less triangulär foveae (Fig. 2c). Males (4.0 - 5.5 mm, carapace ca. 2.5 mm) with distinct pattern on carapace and transverse pale and dark stripes on abdomen (Figs 3a, b). Legs uniform- ly yellowish. Bulbus has a slender terminal portion (Figs 3c, d). Juveniles with distinct patterns as in males (Fig. 4). I 0-5 mm | Fig. 2: Female habitus of Scytodes fusca. a) dor- sal vlew; b) ventral view; c) vulva, macerated. - Photo: A. Sestäkovä Scytodes fusca in Germany and Slovakia 3 Fig. 3: Malehabitusof Scy- todes fusca. a) dorsal view; b) ventral view; c - d) left male palp, c) prolateral, d) retrolateral. - Photo: A. Sestäkovä Distribution and natural history The spitting spider Scytodes fusca was originally described from Cayenne, French Guiana (Wal- ckenaer 1837). Other historical records have been reported from the Afrotropics (e.g. Lessert 1939, Millot 1941), Australasia (e.g. Chrysanthus 1967), Indomalaya (e.g. Doleschall 1859, Kulczyriski 1911) and the Neotropics (e.g. Taczanowski 1872, Simon 1891, Cambridge 1899, Banks 1903, 1909, Mello-Leitäo 1918). Besides the tropics, it was also introduced to less suitable regions like the Nearctic (Paquin et al. 2008) and Palaearctic (Wang et al. 1985, Ono 2009, Cardoso 2011), although it ap- pears restricted here to Botanical Gardens (Sin- gapore: Brignoli 1976; Slovakia: present paper) and similar artificial tropical ecosystems (Canada: Paquin et al. 2008; Germany: present paper). Van der Hammen (1949) found a single specimen of a Fig. 4: Juvenile habitus of Scytodes fusca. a) dorsal view; b) ventral view. - Photo: A. Sestäkovä 4 A. Sestäkovä, L Cerneckä, J. Neumann & N. Reiser Fig. 5: Underside of a stone showing one female of Scytodes fusca (circle) with two webs (arrows) belonging to female and juvenile. - Photo: A. Sestäkovä Scytodes species, identified as S. fusca, in the green- house of the Botanical Garden in Leiden (the Netherlands). According to van Helsdingen (1999) it was misidentified with S. venusta. This species has never been found again in the Netherlands (van Helsdingen pers. comm.). Although it was described as native to French Guiana, it is commonly associated with human habitations throughout Central and South America ( Valerio 1981, Brescovit & Rheims 2000). In its natu- ral habitat, it can be found in dark, dry places, such as the underside of rocks, under loose tree bark, in the nests of small mammals (Valerio 1981, Brescovit & Rheims 2000) and also in caves (Yap et al. 2011). It is a slow-moving, nocturnal spider that prefers crevices and cavities, and is thus not easy to find. We presume it was imported into Central Europe togethcr with plants, as was the case in Quebec, Canada, where this species was found on foliage of palm trees in interior landscaping that mimicked Neotropical rainforests (Paquin et al. 2008). “Tropical Islands” in Germany is quite new (openecl in 2004) and plants were im- ported directly from Thailand and Costa Rica (Green pers. comm.). The populations in both locations in Germany and Slovakia seem to be large. Our observations recorded this species mainly on the underside of stones (Figs 5, 6a) and in “Tropical Islands” also under the bark of rotten trunks infested with termites. Specimens were observed in small webs consisting of a loose tangle of silk with a funnel retreat (Fig. 5). No speci- mens were found on walls - which would be typical for specimens living synanthropically - but in Ger- many several specimens occupied the crevices of the stone sculpture (Fig. 6h). Bowdcn & Jackson (1988) found some Australian populations of S. fusca to be communal-territorial, building web-complexes on tree trunks. We found no other mention of the social- ity of this species in the published literature. Düring our observations, adult and subadult specimens were found living alone and, although small juveniles were in high abundance, they lacked web-complexes. Scytodes fusca is a tropical species; therefore its oc- currence in Central Europe is most likely restricted to artificial tropical ecosystems such as heated green- houses or water-based theme parks. lhe only previ- ously published record of this species in Europe is from Portugal (Cardoso 2011). Although informa- Scytodes fusca in Germany and Slovakia 5 Fig. 6:The specific habitat in the artificial tropical ecosystems of "Tropical Islands" Krausnick (Germany). a) stones; b) stone sculpture. - Photo: J. Neumann tion about the habitat preferences of the Portuguese specimen were not published, we found that it was collected living in low garrigue Vegetation near Mon- te Gordo in the Algarve during April, 1982 (Murphy pers. comm.). Moreover, Murphy mentioned he col- lected this species in many countries with a similar habitat to that in Portugal in the Mediterranean re- gion, but never published these records. Thus a revi- sion of the records of the similar-looking species S. velutina should be undertaken. Specimens from Slo- vakia were found numerously in only one of the three tropical rooms of the greenhouse.The primary reason for this could be the presence of stones around the paths, as these were missing in the other rooms. Brief observations in other Botanical Gardens in Kosice and Brno suggested an absence of this species. Al- though both gardens had a factor in common - too few stones — the real reason could be simpler: the species S. fusca was never introduced there. Acknowledgements We thank the personnel of the Botanical Gardens of the Comenius University in Bratislava, P. J. Safarik University in Kosice, Mendel University in Brno and the Tropical Islands in Krausnick. Our thanks also go to Bernd Green for the wonderful cooperation and to Peter van Helsdingen, John Murphy and Pedro Cardoso for valuable information and publications. We are grateful to Mandy Howe for im- proving our English and remarks on the early manuscript Version, and Theo Blick and the reviewers for their useful comments. Last but not least, we thank Milada Holecovä, Jana Christophoryovä and Katarina Krajcovicovä for their help in the field. 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Sicariidae, Dysderidae, Drassodidae, Zodariidae. - Bulletin International de l’Academie des Sciences de Cracovie 1911: 451-496 Lessert R 1939 Araignees du Congo beige (Deuxieme partie). — Revue de Zoologie et de botanique africaines 32: 1-13 Mello-Leitäo CF 1918 Scytodidas e pholcidas do Brasil. - Revista do Museu Paulista 10: 83-144 Millot J 1941 Les araignees de l’Afrique Occidentale Fra- n^aise - sicariides et pholcides. - Memoires de lAcademie des Sciences de l’Institut de France 64: 1-53 Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor D, Hänggi A 8c Kropf C 2013 Spiders of Europe. Version 07.2013. - Internet: http:// www.araneae.unibe.ch (25 July 2013) Ono H 2009 The Spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. 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In: Nentwig W (ed.) Spider ecophysiology. Springer, Berlin, pp. 241-251 - doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-33989-9_18 Taczanowski L 1872 Les araneides de la Guyane fran- ^aise. - Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae 9: 64-112 Valerio CE 1981 Spitting spiders (Araneae, Scytodidae, Scytodes) from Central America. - The Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 170: 80-89 Walckenaer CA 1837 Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres. Paris, 1: 1-682 WangJF, Zhang YJ 8c Li FJ 1985 New report of some spi- ders from Southern China. -Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University 1985 (2): 66-69 Yap L-M YL, Norma-Rashid Y, Liu F, Liu J 8c Li D 2011 Comparative biology of cave-dwelling spitting spiders (Araneae: Scytodidae): Parental care, cooperative prey- capture, cannibalism, natal dispersal and reproductive be- haviour. - The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59: 269-284 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 7-13 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 Revisiting the taxonomy of the rare and tiny comb-footed spider Carniella brignolii (Araneae, Theridiidae) Barbara Thaler-Knoflach, Ambros Hänggi, Karl-Hinrich Kielhorn & Bodo von Broen doi: 10.5431/aramit4702 Abstract. Carniella brignolii Thaler & Steinberger, 1 988 was first described based on a male from Austria and still be- longs to the rare, scarcely studied species. Based on material from Germany and Switzerland the hitherto unknown female now can be assigned and presented. In this context a new synonymy is also proposed:The cave-dwelling, troglomorphic C. mihaili (Georgescu, 1 989) from Romania, originally established as new genus Marianana, is syno- nymised with C. brignolii. Keywords: Carniella mihaili, cave-dweller, description, female, Marianana, new synonymy Zusammenfassung. Ergänzungen zur Taxonomie der seltenen Zwergkugelspinne Carniella brignolii (Ara- neae, Theridiidae). Carniella brignolii Thaler & Steinberger, 1 988 wurde nach einem Männchen aus Österreich erst- mals beschrieben und gehört noch immer zu den seltenen und wenig untersuchten Arten. Mit rezentem Material aus Deutschland und der Schweiz kann nun das bisher unbekannte Weibchen zugeordnet und dargestellt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wird außerdem eine neue Synonymie vorgeschlagen: Die höhlenbewohnende, troglo- morphe C. mihaili (Georgescu, 1989) aus Rumänien, ursprünglich Typusart der neuen, inzwischen eingezogenen Gattung Marianana, wird mit C. brignolii synonymisiert. The genus Carniella was first established by Thaler &. Steinberger (1988) based upon a single European species, C. brignolii , from Carinthia, the eponymous region in Austria. Apparently, the generic nomen- clature is rooted in the ancient name “ Carnia for Carinthia. Several species from Southeast Asia and one from Africa have been added in the last deca- des (Miller 1970, Wunderlich 1995, Knoflach 1996, Ono et al. 2007; see also Platnick 2014). Nae (2012) transferred a cave-dwelling, troglomorphic species described by Georgescu (1989) from Romania, Ihe- onoe mihaili , into Carniella , and thus added a second European species to the genus. The most prominent character of Carniella is the clypeal modification of the male (Thaler & Steinber- ger 1988, Knoflach 1996), which easily allows Classi- fication at generic level. Moreover, the male genital organ shows particular characteristics, such as a basal position of the cymbial hook and the absence of ti- bial trichobothria (Knoflach 1996, Agnarsson 2004). Barbara THALER-KNOFLACH, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. E-Mail: barbara.knoflach@uibk.acat Ambros HÄNGGI, Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Abteilung Biowissenschaften, Augustinergasse 2, CH-4001 Basel. E-Mail: ambros.haenggi@bs.ch Karl-Hinrich KIELHORN, Albertstr. 10, D-10827 Berlin, E-Mail: kh.kielhorn@gmx.de Bodo von BROEN, Fürstenwalder Straße 17, D-10243 Berlin submitted 15. 1. 2014, accepted 4. 3. 2014, online 27. 3. 2014 Females are less conspicuous. All representatives are small-sized, with a body length of approximately 1 mm. According to their dwarfish appearance and their hidden subterranean life, records are rare and the state of knowledge scanty. Here we present new taxonomic amendments for the type species C. brignolii from Europe, inclu- ding the description of the female based on material from Germany and Switzerland and a new synony- my, which reveals that the female was already known under another species name. A male with an unin- flated genital organ previously recorded by Hänggi & Stäub li (2012) allows synonymisation with C. mi- haili. Material and methods Specimens were first examined and arranged using a Leica Wild M8 stereoscopic microscope. Male and female genitalia were dissected and studied as tem- porary mounts by submerging them in glycerine on half-covered, hollow slides under a Wild M20 com- pound microscope equipped with a drawing tube and micrometer eyepiece. Owing to the scarcity of the material legs were not removed and instead mea- surements had to be taken from leg drawings from the entire specimens placed on glycerine slides. As a consequence, some of the limbs could not be orien- ted exactly horizontal to the optical axis of the mi- croscope, as if they were separated from the body. 8 B. Thaler-Knoflach, A. Hänggi, K.-H. Kielhorn & B. von Broen Abbreviations: bH basal haematodocha, E - em- bolus, MA - median apophysis, P - “paracymbium” or cymbial hook, S - subtegulum, T - tegulum, V - protrusion of basal haematodocha (nomenclature of male palp mainly sensu Agnarsson 2004 and Ag- narsson et al. 2007). Depository and museum abbreviations: NMB Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, ZMB -Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Results and discussion Carniella brignolii Thaler 8c Steinberger, 1988 C. brignolii Thaler 8c Steinberger, 1988: Male, n. sp., p. 998,figs. 1-4, 9-15. Type locality Warmbad Villach, Carinthia, Austria. C. b.\ Le Peru, 2011: Male, p. 376, 436, figs. 663-664 (described and redrawn from Thaler 8c Steinberger, 1988) . C. b.\ Hänggi 8c Stäubli, 2012: Male, p. 59, hg. 2, Zü- rich, Switzerland. Marianana mihaili Georgescu, 1989: Female, n. gen., n. sp., p. 89, figs. 17-26. Type locality Movile Cave, Dobrogea, Mangalia, 43.82568 N/ 28.56068 E, 1-2 m a.s.l., SE-Romania. nov. syn. Theonoe mihaili\ Le Peru, 2011: Female, p. 411, 468, fig. 794 (described and redrawn from Georgescu, 1989) . Carniella mihaili ; Nae, 2012: Male, p. 68, figs. 1-12, Movile Cave, Romania. Material examined 1 $ (NMB; ARAN-20603), Switzerland, Zürich, freight terminal, in pitfall-trap between trackgravel,2.6.- 1 6.6.2009, N47.3834/E8.5167 (+- 10m), 400 m a.s.l., leg. Anna Stäubli (Hänggi 8c Stäubli 2012). 1 9 (NMB, ARAN-25740), Switzerland, Valais (Wallis), Miege, edge of organic parcel of vineyard, 27.5.1997, N46.31459/E7.55782 (+- 50m), 720-740 m a.s.l., pitfall-trap, leg. M. Genini (site “MB” in Genini 2000). 1 9 (ZMB; B602), Germany, Brandenburg, Neuenhagen (Bad Freienwalde), gravel pit, in pitfall-trap on coarse sand, 2. 5. -2. 6. 1 997, N52.83982/E14. 02679, 2 m a.s.l., leg. M. Sommer, coli. Bodo von Broen. Carniella brignolii , the type species of the genus Carniella Thaler 8c Steinberger, 1988, was so far known only from the male, at least nominally. Tie corresponding female was described almost at the same time by Georgescu (1989) as new genus Mari- anana and new species M. mihaili ; see synonymy list. Diagnosis Males of Carniella brignolii are easily recognised by their modified clypeus (Fig. 4) and the conformation ol their palpal sclerites (Figs. 5-8; further figures see Tha- ler 8c Steinberger, 1988): Embolus complex with distal spiral, tip of cymbium with noticeable recess and basal haematodocha with a specific, conspicuous apophysis, which largely protrudes beyond the male palp when expanded (V, Tialer 8c Steinberger 1988, Nae 2012 sub C. mihaili). As in other members of the genus, the “paracymbium” or cymbial hook is situated on the base of the cymbial retromargin, a conductor is missing and the palpal tibia lacks any trichobothria. Females show a rounded epigynal cavity with a clear septum. Description ot female Colouration, measurements, somatic features (Figs. 1-3): Carapace, Sternum and legs uniformly light brown, abdomen greyish. Carapace 0.44/0.50 mm long, 0.35/0.38 mm wide, Sternum 0.29/0.31 mm long and 0.26/0.27 mm wide. Sternum tapering pos- teriorly. Chelicerae with three denticles on anterior margin of fang groove. Leg measurements: Female from Branden- burg (mm): Femur/tibia/metatarsus/tarsus: Palp 0.20/0.08/-/0.16. Leg I 0.29/0.16/0.14/0.21. Leg II 0.28/0.16/0.12/0.19. Leg III 0.23/0.13/0.11/0.20. Leg IV 0.31/0.20/0.13/0.23. Legs: 4123. Trichobothrial pattem (numbers of prodorsal/retrodorsal trichobothria of tibiae): I-II 1/2, III 2/1, IV 2/2. Metatarsi I-II with 1 trichobo- thrium, its position on I 0.35, on II 0.45. Metatarsi III and IV without trichobothrium. Tarsi and distal metatarsi ventrally with serrate bristles. Tarsal organ I-IV (I 0.32, II 0.35, III 0.31, IV 0.32). Tarsi I-IV 1.5, 1.6, 1.8 and 1.8 times longer than metatarsi. Epigynum/vulva (Figs. 9, 11, 13): Epigynal cavity is a rounded, 0.1 mm wide, well outlined field, which is clearly divided along the midiine by a longitudi- nal ridge. Copulatory orifices not clearly traceable. Copulatory ducts rather short, presumably starting at midiine, running forwards at short distance and then backwards, entering at the anterior region of the receptacula seminis. Recurring part of ducts sclero- tised. Receptacula seminis globular, at side margins of epigynal cavity. Synonymy We consider Carniella mihaili as a new synonym of C. brignolii. Originallv, C. mihaili was decribed by Revisiting the taxonomy ofCarniella brignolii 9 Figs. 1-4: Carniella brignolii Thaler & Steinberger, 1988. Female from Switzerland, Valais (1-2) and from Germany, Brandenburg (3). Male from Switzerland, Zürich (4). Carapace, dorsal view (1, 3-4) and prosoma, ventral view (2). Scale lines: 0.2 mm. Georgescu (1989) based on a single female represen- ting the type species of the new genus Marianana. This monotypic genus later was synonymised by Wunderlich (2008) with Theonoe (see also Platnick 2014). With the additional knowledge based on ma- les, Nae (2012) transferred T. mihaili into Carniella and thus the genus Marianana has to be listed as a junior synonym of Carniella. 10 B. Thaler-Knoflach, A. Hänggi, K.-H. Kielhorn & B. von Broen Figs 5-8: Carniella brignolil Thaler & Steinberger, 1988, from Switzerland, Zürich. Right male palp without tibia, in retrola- teral (5), ventral (6) and prolateral view (7). Outlines of distal cymbium of left palp in dorsal view (8). Arrow points to broken tip of cymbium (6). Scale lines: 0.1 mm. Revisiting the taxonomy ofCorniella brignolii 11 Figs. 9-13: Carniella brignolii Thaler & Steinberger, 1988. Female from Switzerland, Valais (9, 1 1), Germany, Brandenburg (13) and Romania (10, 12; taken from Georgescu 1989; sub C. mihaili). Epigynum/vulva, ventral (9, 10, 13) and dorsal view (11, 12). In Fig. 13 the epigynum was drawn from the entire female without being dissected. Scale lines: 0.1 mm. 12 B. Thaler-Knoflach, A. Hänggi, K.-H. Kielhorn & B. von Broen Fig. 14: Distribution of Carniella brignolii. Austria: Warmbad Villach (Thaler & Steinberger 1988). Belgium: Corphalie site along River Meuse (Baert & Van Keer 1991). Germany: Bavaria, Halblech, Ostallgäu (Dröschmeister 1995); Brandenburg (see above). Switzerland: Zürich (Hänggi & Stäubli 201 2); Valais, Mie- ge (see above). Romania: Movile Cave (Nae 201 2). The excellent and highly accurate descriptions of Georgescu (1989) of the female and Nae (2012) of the male allow synonymisation of C. mihaili based on the literature. Nae (2012) already indicated notice- able similarities with C. brignolii regarding the male palp, but at that time only males with fully inflated palps were known and illustrated (figures see Thaler 8c Steinberger 1988). In the cave-dwelling males from Romania the palpal membranes were not ex- panded and thus the obvious protrusion of the basal haemotodocha, ‘typicar for C. brignolii , was hidden (abbreviated as “V” in Thaler 8c Steinberger 1988). A male with one uninflated genital organ (Figs. 5-7), previously recorded by Hänggi 8c Stäubli (2012), now strcngthens the synonymy. The following characters argue for the synonymy suggested herein. In the male palp, the basal hae- matodocha ends as a marked, sclerotised apophysis, which largely protrudes beyond the bulbus in the expanded palp (“V” in Thaler 8c Steinberger 1988 and Nae 2012). The cymbium shows distally a typical recess (Fig. 8; tip of cymbium unfortunately broken in the palp presented herc, see Fig. 6). The embolus is complex with a distal embolus spiral and several small, sclerotised projections as well as a larger hya- line one (abbreviated as TA in Thaler 8c Steinberger 1988 and EB in Nae 2012). The females agree in the rounded shape of the epigynal cavity with a clear septum, in the course of the copulatory ducts and the position of the receptacula (see Georgescu 1989; and Figs. 9, 13 vs. 10 and 11 vs. 12). Clypeal modification, shape of the Sternum and carapace, size parameters and cheliceral dentation are likewise in accordance. There still remains the problem of eye reduction. In the Romanian specimens from Movile Cave the median eyes are completely reduced. Reduction or loss of eyes is regarded as being among the mor- phological adaptations to subterranean and cave life (Rüzicka 1999, 2009, Rüzicka et al. 2013). A wide ränge of Variation in eye size is known also for other soil living spiders, e.g. in the genus Porrhomma (see Rüzicka 2009, Rüzicka et al. 2013). Therefore, it is suggested that this character is not appropriate for species discrimination in the particular case of Carn- iella brignolii and C. mihaili , as no other noticeable differences exist. Distribution The distribution of C. brignolii has just recently been updated by Hänggi 8c Stäubli (2012). Few, scattered records come from Austria (Thaler 8c Steinberger 1988), Belgium (Baert 8c van Keer 1991), Germany (Dröschmeister 1995) and Switzerland (Hänggi 8c Stäubli 2012), see Fig. 14. For further details and ha- bitat preferences see Hänggi 8c Stäubli (2012). With the new synonymy the ränge of distribution can be expanded to SE-Europe (specifically Romania) whe- re a population with adaptations to cave life exists. Acknowledgments Wc are deeply indebted to Jason Dunlop (Berlin) for the linguistic revision of the manuscript and to Lukas Rinnhofer (Innsbruck) for mapping Fig. 14. References Agnarsson I 2004 Morphological phylogeny of cohweh spiders and tlieir relatives (Araneae, Araneoidca.Theri- diidae).- Zoological Journal ofthe Linnean Society 141: 447-626 - doi: 10.1 lll/j. 1096-3642. 2004.00120.x Agnarsson I, Coddington JA &. Knoflach B 2007 Mor- phology and evolution of cohweh spider male gcnitalia (Araneae, Theridiidae). - Journal of Arachnology .35: 334-395 -doi: 10.1636/SH-06-36.1 Baert I, 6c Van l\eei J 1991 A rcmarkablc spider capture: Carniella brignolii '1 Haler &. Steinherger, and the redis- Revisitingjhe taxonomy of Carniella brignolii 13 covery of Pseudomaro aenigmaticus Denis in Belgium. - Newsletter of the British arachnological Society 62: 5 Dröschmeister R 1995 Erstnachweis von Carniella brig- nolii (Araneae: Theridiidae) für Deutschland. - Arach- nologische Mitteilungen 10: 15-16 - doi: 10.5431/ aramitl004 Genini M 2000 Faune epigee de la vigne et des milieux en- vironnants. - Revue suisse de Viticulture, Arboriculture, Horticulture 32(5): I-XII Georgescu M 1989 Sur trois taxa nouveaux d‘araneides troglobies de Dobrogea (Roumanie). - Miscellanea Speologica Romanica 1: 85-102 Hänggi A 8o Stäubli A 2013 Nachträge zum «Katalog der schweizerischen Spinnen» 4. Neunachweise von 2002 bis 2011. - Arachnologische Mitteilungen 44: 59-76 - doi: 1 0 . 543 1/ aramit44 1 0 Knoflach B 1996 Three new species of Carniella from Thai- land (Araneae, Theridiidae). - Revue suisse de Zoologie 103: 567-579 Le Peru B 2011 The spiders of Europe, a synthesis of data: Volume 1 Atypidae to Theridiidae. - Memoires de la Societe linneenne de Lyon 2: 1-522 Miller F 1970 Spinnenarten der Unterfamilie Micryphan- tidae und der Familie Theridiidae aus Angola. - Publica- 9oes culturais Companhia de Diamantes de Angola 82: 75-166 Nae A 2012 Carniella mihaili (Georgescu, 1994) - new com- bination of genus and description of the male (Araneae, Theridiidae). -Travaux de l’Institut de Speologie «Emile Racovitza» 51: 67-72 Ono H, Chang YH 8cTso IM 2007 Three new spiders of the families Theridiidae and Anapidae (Araneae) from Southern Taiwan. - Memoirs of the National Science Museum Tokyo 44: 71-82 Platnick NI 2014The world Spider catalogue, Version 14.5, American Museum of Natural History. - Internet: http:// research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog (Theridi- idae updated 17. Dec. 2013) Rüzicka V 1999 The first steps in subterranean evolution of spiders (Araneae) in Central Europe. - Journal of Natural History 33: 255-265 - doi: 10.1080/002229399300407 Rüzicka V 2009 The European species of the microph- thalmum-grouyi in the genus Porrhomma (Araneae: Linyphiidae). - Contributions to Natural History 12: 1081-1094 Rüzicka V, Smilauer P & R Mlejnek 2013 Colonization of subterranean habitats by spiders in Central Europe. - International Journal of Speleology 42: 133-140 - doi: 10.5038/1827-806X.42.2.5 Thaler K & Steinberger K-H 1988 Zwei neue Zwerg- Kugel- spinnen aus Österreich (Arachnida: Aranei, Theridiidae). - Revue suisse de Zoologie 95: 997-1004 Wunderlich J 1995 Südostasiatische Arten der Gattung Carniella Thaler 8c Steinberger 1988, mit zwei Neubesch- reibungen (Arachnida: Araneae: Theridiidae). - Beiträge zur Araneologie 4: 553-558 Wunderlich J 2008 On extant and fossil (Eocene) European comb-footed spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae), with notes on their subfamilies, and with descriptions of new taxa. - Beiträge zur Araneologie 5: 140-469 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 14-18 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 Die Gemeine Baldachinspinne, Linyphia tricingularis (Araneae: Linyphiidae), Europäische Spinne des Jahres 2014 Christoph Hörweg doi: 1 0.543 1/aramit4703 Abstract. The common hammock-weaver, Linyphia triangularis (Araneae: Linyphiidae), European spider of the year 2014. The European spider of the year 2014, Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757), is presented. For the first time it is a linyphiid spider, a hammock-weaver. Its characteristics (e.g., ecology, habitat, web, phenology) are briefly described.The modality of the voting is given as well as numerous links to the supporting societies and to distribu- tion maps. Keywords: award, hammock-web spiders, populär Zusammenfassung. Die europäische Spinne des Jahres 2014, Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757), wird vorgestellt. Erstmals ist es eine Linyphiide, eine Baldachinspinne. Ihre Merkmale und Eigenschaften (z.B. Ökologie, Lebensraum, Netz, Phänologie) werden kurz beschrieben. Der Wahlmodus, die beteiligten Länder und zahlreiche Links zu den unterstützenden Gesellschaften und Verbreitungskarten werden genannt. Die Gemeine Baldachinspinne Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757) gehört zur Familie der Baldachinspin- nen (Linyphiidae). Diese Familie stellt weltweit nach Christoph HÖRWEG, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, 3. Zoologische Abteilung, Burgring 7, A-1 01 0 Wien, Österreich, E-Mail: Christoph. hoerweg@nhm-wien.ac.at Dieser Artikel ist Heiko Bellmann gewidmet, der am 7.3.2014 verstorben ist. Er hat die Initiative „Spinne des Jahres" immer mit seinen beeindru- ckenden Bildern unterstützt und die Spinnen dadurch richtig „anschau- lich" gemacht. eingereicht 25.3.2014, akzeptiert 5.4.2014, online 12.5.2014 den Springspinnen (Salticidae) mit 4482 die meisten Arten (Platnick 2014). In Europa bilden die Balda- chinspinnen mit 1248 Arten sogar die artenreichste Spinnenfamilie (Nentwig et al. 2014); in Mitteleuro- pa kommen rund 500 Arten vor. Die Familie der Baldachinspinnen ist charakteri- siert durch den Netzbau, viele Arten bauen - wie der Name schon sagt - dichte, horizontal ausgespannte, meist baldachinartige Netzteppich. Die Gemeine Baldachinspinne selbst ist, im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Vertretern ihrer Familie, aufgrund ihrer Abb. 1/Fig. 1: Linyphia triangularis - Habitus. Foto/Photo: Heiko Bellmann Europäische Spinne des Jahres 20 1 4: Linyphia triangularis 15 Abb. 2: Linyphia triangu- laris - baldachinartiges Deckennetz. Fig. 2: Linyphia triangula- ris - sheet-web. Foto/Photo: Heiko Bellmann Größe und ihrer auffälligen Zeichnung auf dem Vorderkörper verhältnismäßig leicht zu identifizie- ren (Abb. 1). L. triangularis besiedelt große Teile der Palä- arktis, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet umfasst aber auch die gemäßigten bis subtropischen Zonen. Sie kommt außer auf Island in ganz Europa vor, ihre Höhenver- breitung reicht von der Ebene und Hügellagen bis hinauf in montane Gebiete. Die genaue Verbreitung im deutschsprachigen Raum bzw. in Europa ist den einzelnen Verbreitungskarten (Helsdingen 2013, CSCF 2014, Staudt 2014, weitere siehe unten) zu entnehmen. Die Art ist hinsichtlich ihres Lebensraumes wenig spezialisiert. Als „Generalist“ trifft man sie in nicht zu feuchten Wäldern ebenso an wie auf offenen Flä- chen, seien es Wiesen, Waldränder oder auch Parks und Gärten. Sie kann in allen geeigneten Lebensräu- men sehr zahlreich Vorkommen und wird (zumindest in der Ebene und im Herbst) als die wohl häufigste Spinne der Kraut- und Strauchschicht bezeichnet -(Braun &c Rabeler 1969, Hänggi et al. 1995). Das Netz der Gemeinen Baldachinspinne wird meist niedrig (ca. 30 cm) über dem Boden, in Grä- sern, Stauden und Sträuchern angelegt. Es besteht wie bei den meisten Arten der Familie aus einem nach unten gespannten horizontalen Netzteppich, über dem ein ca. 20 cm hohes Geflecht aus sehr lockeren „Stolperfäden“ angelegt ist (Malt 1996) (Abb. 2). Die Höhe kann aber in Abhängigkeit von der Vegetation und der Jahreszeit variieren (Herber- stein 1997). Die Spinne sitzt fast immer in Rücken- lage an der Unterseite des Netzteppichs. Die Beute stößt meist gegen die Stolperfäden, welche auch nicht immer klebrig sein müssen (Peters &c Kovoor 1991), und fällt dann auf den Netzteppich, wo sie von der Spinne erbeutet wird (Abb. 3). Das sind meist kleinere Insekten wie Zikaden, Blattläuse, Mücken, aber auch winzige Fliegen und Kleinschmetterlinge gehören zum Nahrungsspektrum (Turnbull 1962, Malt 1996). Die Körperlänge beträgt bei beiden Geschlech- tern etwa 5-7 mm. Der Vorderkörper ist beige- braun gefärbt, schwarzbraun gerandet und weist ein schwarzes Mittelband auf, das sich etwa in der Mitte des Vorderkörpers nach vorn teilt. Diese Zeichnung erinnert an eine Stimmgabel. Der Hinterkörper ist gelblich-weiß mit einem breiten braunen, dunkel ge- randeten Mittelband, das mehrfach eingeschnürt ist, wodurch manchmal typische dreieckige Flecken zu sehen sind. Seitlich sind ebenfalls braune Bänder und Flecken sichtbar, die Unterseite ist dunkelbraun bis schwarz. Die Beine sind einfarbig beigebraun (Wieh- le 1956, Bellmann 2006, Nentwig et al. 2014). Männchen unterscheiden sich durch einen deut- lich schmaleren Hinterkörper und vergrößerte Che- lizeren (Kieferklauen). Auch geht die Färbung mehr ins rotbraune hinein (Abb. 4). 16 C. Hörweg Abb. 3: Linyphia triangu- laris mit Beute. Fig. 3: Linyphia triangula- ris with prey. © ARABEL Image Bank: Pierre Oger Verwechslungsmöglichkeiten sind v.a. mit Li- nyphia tenuipalpis Simon, 1884 gegeben, die etwas kleiner ist und auch etwas wärmere Lebensräume be- vorzugt als L. triangularis. Bei L. tenuipalpis sind die erwachsenen Tiere schon etwas früher, von Juni bis Oktober, zu finden (Thaler 1983, Toft 1989). In Zwei- felsfallen ist eine genaue Differenzierung nur durch eine Untersuchung der Geschlechtsorgane möglich. Nentwig et al. (2011) nennen die beiden Arten auch als Beispiel für die sogenannte Kontrastbetonung. Bei sympatrischen Vorkommen der Konkurrenten verschieben sich die Körpergrößen bei L. tenuipalpis zu kleineren, bei L. triangularis zu größeren Werten, dadurch kann unterschiedlich große Beute genutzt werden. Auf diese Weise wird die Nischenüberlap- pung verringert und die direkte Konkurrenz geringer (Toft 1980). Toft (1987) zeigt allerdings auch, dass die Mikrohabitate der beiden Arten fast identisch Abb. 4: Linyphia trian- gularis - Weibchen links, Männchen (mit ver- größerten Chelizeren) re- chts im Netz. Fig. 4: Linyphia triangu- laris - female left, male (with large chelicerae) on the right. © ARABEL Image Bank: Richard Louvigny Europäische Spinne des Jahres 20 7 4: Linyphia triangularis 17 sein können, so dass andere Faktoren wie z.B. das Makrohabitat vielleicht die entscheidende Rolle bei der Nischentrennung spielen könnten. Geschlechtsreife Tiere der Gemeinen Balda- chinspinne treten von August bis Oktober auf. Paa- rungen finden in Mitteleuropa vor allem im August und September statt (Wiehle 1956, Braun & Rabe- ler 1969). Die Männchen halten sich zu dieser Zeit ständig im Netz der Weibchen auf. Zur Kopulation sitzt das Männchen ebenfalls in Rückenlage vor dem Weibchen und fuhrt abwechselnd seine Taster (Pe- dipalpen) in die Geschlechtsöffnung (Epigyne) des Weibchens ein. Die Jungtiere überwintern im Eiko- kon (Bellmann 2006). Linyphia triangularis ist prädestiniert als Spinne des Jahres: Sie ist nicht nur einer der häufigsten Ver- treter dieser prominenten Spinnenfamilie mit wun- derbaren, leicht sichtbaren Deckennetzen, sie zeigt auch interessante biologische Aspekte. Einer davon ist die sogenannte „Verkehrtfärbung“, d.h. die Unter- seite ist bei ihnen dunkler gefärbt als die Oberseite. Obwohl sie verkehrt unter dem Deckennetz hängen, sind die Tiere dennoch gut getarnt (Wiehle 1949). Zudem locken die Weibchen mit Sex-Pheromonen die Männchen ins Netz zur Paarung (Barth 2001), und die Männchen zeigen ein als „mate guarding“ bezeichnetes Verhalten, bei dem sie selbst nach der Paarung noch einige Zeit beim Weibchen verblei- ben, um es vor weiteren Männchen zu „schützen“. So soll sichergestellt werden, dass es zu keiner weite- ren Paarung mehr kommt, damit wirklich die eige- nen Gene an den Nachwuchs weitergegeben werden (Toft 1989). Auch in diesem Jahr ist der Herbst die geeignete Jahreszeit, der Spinne des Jahres zu begegnen. Die Netze kann man zuerst entdecken und dann lohnt es sich auf jeden Fall, einen genaueren Blick hinein- zuwerfen! Wahl der Spinne des Jahres Die Spinne des Jahres wurde von 82 Arachnologin- nen und Arachnologen aus 26 Ländern (Albanien, Belgien, Bulgarien, Dänemark, Deutschland, Finn- land, Frankreich, Großbritannien, Irland, Italien, Kroatien, Liechtenstein, Mazedonien, Niederlande, Norwegen, Österreich, Polen, Portugal, Schweden, Schweiz, Serbien, Slowakei, Slowenien, Spanien, Tschechische Republik, Ungarn) gewählt. Unterstützende Gesellschaften Arachnologische Gesellschaft e.V. AraGes www.arages.de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging/Societe Arachnologique de Belgique ARABEL www.arabel.ugent.be The British Arachnological Society (BAS) www.britishspiders.org.uk European Invertebrate Survey-Nederland, Section SPINED http://science.naturalis.nl/research/ people/ cv/ eis/helsdingen/ spinnen European Society of Arachnology ESA www.european-arachnology.org Grupo Iberico de Aracnologia (GIA) — Sociedad Entomolögica Aragonesa (SEA) http://www.sea-entomologia.org/gia/ Naturdata - Biodiversidade online www.naturdata.com Verbreitungskarten Deutschland: http://spiderling.de/arages/Verbreitungskarten/species.phpPnameUintri Schweiz: http://lepus.unine.ch/carto/index.php?nuesp=9506&rivieres=on8dacs=on&hillsh=on&year=1990 Österreich: http:/ /www.arages.de/files/Linyphia_triangularis_Oesterreich.pdf Tschechische Republik: http://www.pavouci-cz.eu/Pavouci.phpPstr-Linyphia_ti i angularis Benelux: http://www.tuite.nl/iwg/ Araneae/SpiBenelux/Pspecies-Linyphia Xi20ti iangular is Großbritannien: http://srs.britishspiders.org.Uk/portal.php/p/Summary/s/Linyphia%20triangularis Europa: http://spiderling.de/ arages/OverviewEurope/euro_species.php?name-lintr i http://www.araneae.unibe.ch/ data/1 256/Linyphia_triangularis http://www.faunaeur.org/Maps/ display_map.php?map_name=euro&map_language-en8ctaxonl-3505 74 18 C. Hörweg Bilder bzw. Fotogalerien http://spiderling.de/arages/Fotogalerie/Galerie_Linyphia.htm http://wiki.eu-arachnida.de/index.php?title=Linyphia_triangularis Wiki des Spinnen-Forums http://wiki.spinnen-forum.de/index.php?title=Linyphia_triangularis Danksagung Wie jedes Jahr gilt es Dank auszusprechen, und zwar an Milan Rezäc, den Mitorganisator der Wahl, allen „voting members“, den Übersetzern (auch für die Anpassung des Infotextes an die Landesgegebenheiten), vielen Kollegen für die Bilderbereitstellung (insbesondere seien hier Heiko Bell- mann J7.3.2014 und die ARABEL genannt), den Betreu- ern der Internetseiten der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft und der European Society of Arachnology, Frank Lepper und Samuel Zschokke, die alle Informationen aufbereiten und zur Verfügung stellen sowie Theo Blick und Ambros Hänggi für wertvolle Ergänzungen zur Verbesserung des Manuskripts. Literatur Barth FG 2001 Sinne und Verhalten: aus dem Leben einer Spinne. Springer Berlin. 424 S. Bellmann H 2006 Kosmos-Atlas der Spinnentiere Europas. 3. Auflage. Kosmos Stuttgart. 304 S. Braun R 8c Rabeler W 1969 Zur Autökologie und Phäno- logie der Spinnenfauna des nordwestdeutschen Altmo- ränen-Gebiets. — Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 522: 1-89 CSCF (Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune) 2014 Fauna der Schweiz - Spinnentiere oder Arachniden (Skorpione, Pseudoskorpione, Spinnen, Weberknechte, Milben). - Internet: http://www.cscf.ch/cscf/page- 20316_de_CH.html bzw. Verbreitungskarte für L. triangularis : http://lepus.unine.ch/carto/index.phpPnue sp=95068crivieres=on8clacs=on8chillsh=on8cyear=1990 (18. März 2014) I Linggi A, Stöckli E 8c Nentvvig W 1995 Lebensräume mitteleuropäischer Spinnen. Charakterisierung der Le- bensräume der häufigsten Spinnenarten Mitteleuropas und der mit diesen vergesellschafteten Arten. - Miscel- lanea Faunistica Helvetiae 4: 1-459 Helsdingen PJ van 2013 Araneae. In: Fauna Europaea Database (Version 2013.1). - Internet: http://www. european-arachnology.org/reports/fauna.shtml bzw. http://www.faunaeur.org (21 . März 2014) Herberstein ME 1997 'Hie effeet of habitat structure on web height preference in three sympatric web-building Spiders (Araneae, Linyphiidae). - The Journal of Arach- nology 25: 93-96 , Malt S 1996 Untersuchungen zur Rolle ausgewählter netz- bauender Spinnen (Araneae) im trophischen Bezieh- ungsgefüge von Halbtrockenrasen. Dissertation, Frie- drich- Schiller-Universität, Jena. 134 S. + 57 S. Anhang NentwigW, Bacher S 8cBrandl R2011 Ökologie kompakt. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg. 371 S. Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor D, Hänggi A 8c Kropf C 2014 araneae - Spiders ofEurope, Version 03.2014. -Internet: http://www.araneae.unibe.ch (21. März 2014) Peters HM 8c Kovoor J 1991 The silk-producing System of Linyphia triangularis (Araneae, Linyphiidae) and some comparisons with Araneidae. - Zoomorphology 111: 1-17 -doi: 10.1007/BF01632706 Platnick NI 2014 The world spider catalog, Version 14.5. American Museum of Natural History.- Internet: http:// research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog (21. März 2014) Staudt A 2014 Nachweiskarten der Spinnentiere Deut- schlands (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscor- piones). — Internet: http://spiderling.de/arages bzw. für Linyphia triangularis'. http://spiderling.de/arages/ Verbreitungskarten/species.php?name=lintri (2. März 2014) Thaler K 1983 Bemerkenswerte Spinnenfunde in Nordtirol (Österreich) und Nachbarländern: Deckennetzspinnen, Linyphiidae (Arachnida: Aranei). - Veröffentlichungen des Museum Ferdinandeum 63: 135-167 Toft S 1980 Body size relations in sheet-web spiders in Danish Calluna heaths. Internationaler Arachnologen- Kongress Wien, Verlag Egermann Wien: S. 161-164 Toft S 1987 Microhabitat identity of two species of sheet- web spiders: field experimental demonstration. - Oeco- logia 72: 216-220 - doi: 10. 1007/BF003 79271 Toft S 1989 Mate guarding in two Linyphia species (Ara- neae: Linyphiidae).— Bulletin of the British arachnologi- cal Society 8: 33-37 Turnbull AL 1962 Quantitative studies of the food of Linyphia triangularis Clerck (Araneae: Linyphiidae). - The Canadian Entomologist 94: 1233-1249 - doi: 10.4039/Ent941233-12 Wiehle H 1949 Vom Fanggewebe einheimischer Spinnen. Die Neue Brehm-Biicherei. Akademische Verlagsgesells- chaft Geest 8c Portig K-G Leipzig, A Ziemsen Verlag Wittenberg/Lutherstadt. 46 S. Wiehle 1 I 1956 Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidae (Araneae). 28. Farn. I ünyphiidae - Baldachinspinnen.- Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 44: 1-337 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 19-34 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 Miscellaneous notes on European and African Cheiracanthium species (Araneae: Miturgidae) Steffen Bayer doi: 10.5431/aramit4704 Abstract. The African species Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1879 was recognised as being introduced to Ger- many and is re-described and illustrated in the present study. C. tenuipes Roewer, 1961 is recognised as a junior syno- nym of C. africanum Lessert, 1 921 (new synonymy); both subspecies of C. strasseni Strand, 1 91 5, namely C. strasseni strasseni Strand, 1915 and C. strasseni aharonii Strand, 1 915, are recognised as junior synonyms of C. mildei L. Koch, 1864 (new synonymies). Photographie images of the copulatory organs of the types of C. cretense Roewer, 1928, recently synonymised with C. mildei, are provided and discussed in the course of intraspecific Variation in C. mildei. The female holotype of C. rehobothense Strand, 1 91 5 is re-described and illustrated. Relations of C. rehobothense to other Cheiracanthium species are discussed. Keywords: Africa, copulatory organs, Europe, intraspecific Variation, introduction, new synonymies, taxonomy Zusammenfassung. Verschiedene Anmerkungen über afrikanische und europäische Cheiracanthium- Arten (Araneae: Miturgidae). Die afrikanische Dornfingerspinnenart Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1 879 wurde erst- mals nach Deutschland eingeschleppt. In der vorliegenden Studie wird sie wiederbeschrieben und dargestellt. C. tenuipes Roewer, 1961 wird mit C. africanum Lessert, 1921 synonymisiert (neue Synonymie); beide Unterarten von C. strasseni Strand, 1 91 5, und zwar C. strasseni strasseni Strand, 1 91 5 and C. strasseni aharonii Strand, 1915, werden mit C. mildei L. Koch, 1 864 synonymisiert (neue Synonymien). Fotographische Abbildungen der Kopulationsorgane derTypus-Exemplare von C. cretense Roewer, 1 928, welche vor kurzem mit C. mildei synonymisiert wurde, werden im Rahmen der Untersuchung der intraspezifischen Variabilität von C. mildei diskutiert. Das Holotypus-Weibchen von C. rehobothense Strand, 1915 wird wiederbeschrieben und dargestellt. Beziehungen dieser Art zu anderen Cheiracan- thium-Arten werden diskutiert. In July 2012 a Cheiracanthium female was found (by chance) within a box of light green grapes from a supermarket in Spesbach, near Kaiserslautern in south-western Germany. The grapes were imported from the Meknes region, Morocco. The female spe- cimen was kept and fed until it laid an egg-sac. Af- terwards it was identified as Cheiracanthium furcula- tum Karsch, 1879. In the course of identification, all relevant African and Mediterranean Cheiracanthium species were considered. In addition, some species, which were deposited in the arachnid collection of the Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and were not assessed since their first description 50 or more years ago, were examined. One of them, C. tenuipes, was described by Roewer (1961) and three others by Strand (1915), namely C. rehobothense Strand, 1915, and the two subspecies C. strasseni strasseni Strand, 1915 and C. strasseni aharo- nii Strand, 1915. The present study re-describes C. Steffen BAYER, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Frankfurt am Main, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, E-Mail: Steffen.Bayer@senckenberg.de ^ submitted 11.11. 2013, accepted28. 4. 2014, online 14.5.2014 furculatum and evaluates the Status of the three abo- ve-mentioned species. Interestingly, the introduction of C. furculatum to Belgium was recently recognised and documented by Bosselaers (2013), who also re- ported on a possible introduction to Ireland. Material and methods Tire Spiders examined in the present study derive from natural history museum or private collections, which are listed below. Examinations and drawings were carried out with a Leica M 165 C stereomicroscope with a drawing mirror. Photos of preserved spiders and copulatory organs were taken with a Sony DSC W70 compact camera via the ocular of the stereo- microscope. Female copulatory organs were cleared from surrounding hairs and dissected. The (opaque) tissue surrounding the vulva was removed mechani- cally in order to have the best possible view on the different vulva-structures. In the illustrations of the present paper all epigynes are shown in ventral view and all vulvae are shown in dorsal view, except where otherwise noted. All measurements (and all numbers listed next to the scale bars) are in millimetres (mm). In the 20 S. Bayer present study the “opisthosoma length" is regarded as length ol the main part of opisthosoma only, thus without spinnerets and petiolus. Palp and leg lengths are listed as: total (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Leg formula (from longest to shortest leg) and leg spination pattem follow those in Bayer 8c Jäger (2010) and Bayer (2012). In leg/palp spination the limbs femur, patella, tibia and metatarsus (tarsus in palp) are listed in exactly this sequence. First, all spines on the prolateral surface ol the respective limb are counted and listed, then those on the dorsal, then retrolateral and finally the ventral surfaces. Thus the resulting number is generally 4-digits. II a spination pattern of a certain limb article differs between the left and right sides, the pattern for the right article follows in curved brackets. Abbreviations used in the text: ALE - Anterior lateral eye(s). AME - Anterior median eye(s). Juv. - Juvenile. PLE - Posterior lateral eye(s). PME - Pos- terior median eye(s). RTA - Retrolateral tibial apo- physis. S.a. - Subadult. Terminology of structures belonging to the copulatory organs is given as follows: The internal parts of the female copulatory organ (vulva) com- prise a duct System, which can be divided into diffe- rent sections. An initial duct (copulatory duct) leads from the copulatory opening to the spermatheca. It may be long, with several windings around the spermatheca (e.g. in species like Gheiracanthium campestre Lohmander, 1944, see Tullgren 1946, pl. VII, fig. 78, Almquist 2006, fig. 304e). From the spermatheca a narrow fertilisation duct leads to the uterus externus. The latter and parts of the fertili- sation duct are inevitably removed along with the dissection and Clearing of the copulatory organ. The receptaculum seminis (spermatheca) may be one single voluminous, offen pear-shaped to elongated kidney bean-shaped chamber (Figs 8b, 9b) or there are two chambers connected with each other by a narrow duct (Figs 2b, d, 3c, 4b, d, 6b, 7c), which may build up a “compound spermatheca”. In the latter case the initial (anterior) chamber contains an area with numerous pores, which permit connection to accessory glands. Apart from structures that are well known in arachnology, e.g. conductor, spcrm duct and embolus, the palps o $ Gheiracanthium bear par- ticular structures, e.g. a tegular apophysis (ih some species with special structures), a (long) cymbial spur, etc. The terminology of these structures follows Lotz (2007a). Symbols/styles used in the illustrations: Regu- lar solid lines indicate surface edges/margins/rims of structures as recognised in the respective view; weak solid lines indicate edges of fine structures, e.g., membranous structures, or wrinkles in the area of the epigyne; dashed lines indicate inner walls of cham- bers, ducts (and/or slits); dotted lines (rough) indi- cate structures visible through cuticula (e.g., parts of vulva visible through epigynal cuticula); dotted lines (fine) indicate clear colour differences (e.g., border of epigynal field). In schematic illustrations showing the course of the internal duct System the area containing numerous pores is marked with a “T”-symbol, the co- pulatory opening with a circle and the end of the fer- tilisation duct in direction of the uterus externus with an arrow (Figs 2c, 6c, 8c). Arising points and/or di- rections of tegular appendages in males are described as clock-positions of the left palp in ventral view. Museum collections (with curators) 8c private collections: BPC - Steffen Bayer, private Collection, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. MHNG - Museum d’histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (R Schwen- dinger). NHM - Natural ITistory Museum, London, United Kingdom (J. Beccaloni). NHMNB - Na- turhistorisches Museum, Nürnberg (Nuremberg), Germany (D. Cordes). NHMW - Naturhistori- sches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria (C. Hörweg). OUMNH - Oxford University Museum of Natural History, United Kingdom (Z. Simmons). SMF - Sen- ckenberg Museum, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P. Jäger). ZMB - Zoologisches Museum (Museum für Naturkunde), Berlin, Germany (J. Dunlop) Taxonomy Cheiracanthium furculatum Karsch, 1879 (Figs 1-4) For the synonymic list see Platnick (2013) Material examined (28,4$, 1 s.a.$). I Iolotype <3: GA BON: Estuaire: Chinchoxo (today: Chinchoua), S 00°02’, E 09°47’; Dr Julius Falkenstein leg. 1873-1876 (‘Loango- Expedition der Deutsch-Afrikanischen Gesellschaft’), ZMB 2962. GERMANY: Rhineland-Palatinate: Landkreis Kaisers- lautern: Spesbach, supermarket, N 49°25’5l ”, E 07°3ö’46” (vvithin a box of white grapes imported from Morocco [origin: Morocco: Meknes- läfilalct: Surroundings of Me- knes, approximately N 33”51’-33"57’, W 05°23’-05°39’, Notes on Cheiracanthium 21 Fig. 1 a-c: Cheiracanthium furculatum, male holotype from Gabon, Estuary. a-c Left palp. a - prolateral, b - ventral, c - retrolateral view. C: conductor, CS: cymbial spur, E: embolus, RTA: retrolateral tibial apophysis, TA: tegular apophysis. Remark: (Pointed) tlp of cymbial spur was found broken; in c it is indicated with a dotted line, inferred from the Situation in the right palpus. 500-700 m]); R. Bayer 8c G. Bayer leg. 04. VII. 2012, 1 2, SMF, 1 s.a. 2 (raised from egg cocoon produced by female listed directly before), BPC. CAP VERDE ISLANDS: Boavista; G. Schmidt leg.; 1 2 (only vulva as microslide), SMF 58248. Maio; G. Schmidt leg. 01.111.1995; 1 2, SMF 38567, 1 6 SMF 38566. Brava; G. Schmidt leg.; 1 2 (only vulva as microslide), SMF 58289. Diagnosis and Description. Lotz (2007a) treat- ed this species in detail. However, he did not give the measurements of the male holotype, hence, these are added herein. Furthermore, the measurements of the female from Morocco are listed, as this record repre- sents the northernmost record of this species. Male (holotype): Body and eye measurements. To- tal length 7.8, carapace length 3.4, carapace width 2.5, anterior width of carapace 1.6, opisthosoma length 3.6, opisthosoma width 2.0, Sternum length 1.4, 22 S. Bayer a c Fig. 2a-d: Cheiracanthium furculatum, copulatory organ of female from Germany, Rheinland-Pfalz (introduced from Morocco, Me- knes-Tafilalet). a - Epigyne. b - Vulva, c - Schematic course of internal duct System, d - Vulva, postero-dorsal view. Dotted line (fine) in right vulva-half indicates a broken embolus stuck therein. sternum width 1.5, ratio carapace length/carapace width 1.36, ratio total length of leg I/carapace length 6.29. Eyes: AME 0.19, ALE 0.16, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16, AME-AME 0.24, AME-ALE 0.17, PME- PME 0.31, PME-PLE 0.28, AME-PME 0.17, ALE-PLE 0.07, clypeus height at AME 0.06, clypeus height at ALE 0.10. Cheliceral lurrow with 2 very small promarginal and 3 retromarginal teeth. Measuremcnts of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp 4.4 [1.7, 0.5, 0.7, 1.5 (without cymbial spur) 1.7 (with cymbial spur)], I 20.4 [5.0, 1.8, 5.5, 5.8, 2.3], II 14.1 [3.7, 1.5, 3.7, 4.0, 1.2], III 10.5 [2.8, 1.1, 2.3, 3.2, 1.1], IV 16.3 [4.0, 1.5, 3.6, 5.0, 1.2], Spination. Palp: 0200, 0000, 0000, 0000; legs: femur I 2020, II 2010, III 4020(5030], IV 3020; patella I-IV 0000; tibia I 00011, II 2005(2009], III 2023, IV 2022 [2023]; metatarsus I 0004, II 2004, III 3035(3036], IV 30317(30319], Copulatory organ. Cymbium quite elongated (ca. 2.4x longer than broad), with pedestal-like extension retrolaterally (Figs lb, 3e, 4e), retrolatero-proximal cymbium spur (which is a typical character for ma- les of this genus) moderately long (slightly longer than half the length of palpal tibia without RTA) and pointed (Figs lc, 3e, 4c); embolus very long and filiform (2-3x tegulum width), arising at 2-3 o’ clock position on tegulum, running in a semi-circular course prolatero-distally (Figs lb, 3e, 4e); conductor ca. 4x as long as broad, fleshy and arising centrally in prolateral half of tegulum; tegular apophysis with characteristic shape: relatively broad, arising centrally on tegulum, distally divided into two, relativelv broad lobe-like extensions, with the prolateral slightly lon- ger than the retrolateral one (Fig. lb); sperm duct course hardly recognisable; palpal tibia (without RTA) ca. 2.5 times longer than broad (Figs la, lc), RTA slightly longer than diamcter of tegulum and slim, distally almost pointed (Figs lb-c). Female (adult specimen from Morocco): Body and eye measurements. Total length 10.4, carapace length 4.5, carapace width 3.2, anterior width of Notes on Cheiracanthium 23 Fig. 3a-g: Cheiracanthium furcuiatum, photographic images of adult and primary copulatory organs and female habitus. a-b epi- gyne (a still with mating plug), c vulva, f-g habitus, all of female, d Pre-epigyne, of subadult female, both from Germany, Rheinland- Pfalz (introduced from Morocco, Meknes-Tafilalet). e Left palp, of male holotype from Gabon, Estuary. carapace 2.2, opisthosoma length 5.8, opisthosoma width 4.0, sternum length 2.1, Sternum width 1.7, ratio carapace length/carapace width 1.41, ratio total length of leg I/carapace length 3.87. Eyes: AME 0.25, ALE 0.26, PME 0.20, PLE 0.20, AME-AME 0.29, AME-ALE 0.31, PME-PME 0.41, PME-PLE 0.48, AME-PME 0.25, ALE-PLE 0.13, clypeus height at AME 0.13, clypeus height at ALE 0.12. Cheliceral furrow with three promarginal (both very small) and two retromarginal teeth. Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp 4.9 [1.6, 0.6, 1.2, 1.5], 1 17.4 [4.6, 1.9, 4.3, 4.8, 1.8], II 12.7 [3.5, 1.6, 3.0, 3.5, 1.1], III 9.7 [2.7, 1.3, 2.1, 2.7, 0.9], IV 14.6 [4.0, 1.6, 3.4, 4.5, 1.1], Spination. Palp: 0500, 1200, 3100, 0000 (spines on all limbs of palp very small, less than 1/3 the length and width of those on the limbs of legs); legs: femur I 2000, II 2000, III 2020(3020], IV 1010(2010]; pa- tella I-IV 0000; tibia I 0002, II 0000, III 1010, IV 1010; metatarsus I 0003, II 0003, III 4044, IV 4045. Copulatory organ. Epigyne with large-area, cross- oval (occasionally roughly kidney bean-shaped), very flat depression (Figs 2a, 3a-b, 4c), the margin of which posteriorly and laterally more distinctly developed 24 S. Bayer Fig.4a-e: Cheiracanthium furculatum, photographic images ofcopulatory Organs showing intraspecific Variation, a Epigyne, b Vulva, both of female (SB 1278), c-d same of female (SB 1280). e Left palp, ventral view of male (SB 1281). All material from Cap Verde Isl. than anteriorly (Fig. 2a); copulatory openings located anterio-laterally within that depression (Fig. 2a); ep- igynal field broader than long, anterior muscle sigilla elongated and located close to epigynal field (Fig. 2a). Vulva with short, transverse copulatory duct running from anterio-laterally to anterio-medial, leading into a first chamber with Connection to associated glands (see area with pores medio-posteriorly on that cham- ber [Fig. 2b] which may be homologous to the sper- mathecal head in other groups of spiders); a long duct running posteriorly connects the first with another, posterior chamber (Figs 2b, 3c, 4b, d). In the female from Morocco in the right half of the vulva a broken embolus of a male reaches through the copulatory duct far into the first chamber (Figs 2b, 3c). An indis- tinct fertilisation duct arises medially on the second chamber of the receptaculum (Fig. 2b). Posterior view of the vulva (Fig. 2d) shows that the copulatory duct runs ventro-dorsally, with its initial section ventral to the connective duct bctween the two chambers. Fig. 2c shows the course of the rather simple internal duct system. In Fig. 3a the epigyne of this specimcn is shown before preparation, still with a mating plug, which is almost round and covers a large area of the epigynal depression. The pre-epigyne of the subadult female (Fig. 3d) shows an inverted trapezoid, slightly sclerotised structure with two small, flat and indis- tinct depressions in the centre. Colouration. See Lotz (2007a) for the male, col- ouration of female see Figs 3f-g. Variation of male and female copulatory Or- gans. Males: Shape of the tegular apophysis may dif- fer slightly (Figs lb, 3e cf. Fig. 4e cf. Lotz 2007a, fig. 39). In the holotype male (Figs lb, 3e) the RTA (in relation to the cymbium length) is slightly shorter than in other specimens (Fig. 4e, Lotz 2007a, figs 39-40). Fcmales: Epigyne may consist of a very flat cross oval depression (Figs 2a, 3a-b, 4c), eithcr without longitudinal ridge or with very indistinct one, or the depression is divided into two more or less round depressions by a distinct longitudinal ridge (Fig. 4a, Lotz 2007a, fig. 35). Length and Orientation of copu- latory ducts show differences (Fig. 3c cf. Fig. 4b cf. Fig. 4d), or partly distinct differences (Lotz 2007a, fig. 36, right half ol vulva). Distribution. Africa including Cape Verde- and Comoro-Islands (almost all records south of the Sa- hara, except one in Morocco), introduced into Bel- gium, Germany and probably Ireland. Notes on Cheiracanthium 25 Fig. 5a-d: Cheiracanthium africanum, left palp (male holotype of Cheiracanthium tenuipes from Senegal, Niokolo-Koba-Park). a prola- teral view. b-d retrolateral view (b-c different planes of focus). C: conductor, E: embolus, LP: lobus-like part of distal tegular apophy- sis, PA: pointed apex of distal tegular apophysis. Cheiracanthium africanum Lessert, 1921 (Fig. 5) Cheiracanthium africanum Lessert 1921: 411, figs 41-44 (descr. 8e illustr. 8 &c 9). [Lectotype 9 and one of the five paralectotypes, namely the only 8, TANZANIA: Kibo- noto: Kilimanjaro, S 03°12’, E 37°07’; Bror Yngve Sjöstedt leg. 1905-1906 (‘Kilimanjaro-Mission’); MHNG CI 20, examined by Lotz 2007a (remaining four 9 paralectotypes could not be traced by P. Schwendinger and also not by L. Lotz)]. For the complete synonymic list see Platnick (2013). Cheiracanthium tenuipes Roewer 1961: 64, figs 21a-c (descr. & illustr. 8). [Holotype 8 left palpus as microslide; type locality: SENEGAL: Niokolo-Koba-Parc, Siminti, ex ‘IFAN-Dakar’; collection Roewer; SMF 13255, examined], New synonymy Diagnosis and description. See Lotz (2007a) and Lessert (1921). Additional descriptive remarks on the male copu- latory organ. Cymbium quite elongated (at least 2.5x 26 S. Bayer Fig. 6a-c: Cheiracanthium mildei, female from Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate. a Epigyne. b Vulva, c Schematic course of internal duct System. AP: area with many pores giving connection to accessory glands, CCD: Connective duct between the two chambers, CD: copulatory duct, FC: first chamber, RCO: rims of copulatory openings, SC: second chamber. longer than broad) (Figs 5a-d), retrolatero-proximal cymbial spur (Figs 5c-d) moderatcly long (ca. half the length of palpal tibia without RTA) and pointed (Fig. 5c-d); embolus (Fig. 5a, d) quite long and filiform (ca. 2x tegulum width), arising in a 3 o’clock position on tegulum, running in a semicircular course prolatero- anteriorly; conductor ca. 3x as long as broad, fleshy and arising centrally in prolateral half of tegulum; tegular apophysis rclatively slim, arising centrally on tegulum, distally bifurcatcd, one extension lobe-like, tbe other very narrow and pointed (“pointed apex” following Fotz 2007a) (Figs 5b-d); sperm duct course hardly re- cognisable; palpal tibia (without RTA) slightly more than 2 x longer than broad (Fig. 5c), RTA as long as the diameter of the palpal tibia, slim and distally with slight indentation (Fig. 5c-d). Remarks. Cheiracanthium tenuipes was conside- red a nomen dubium by Lotz (2007a) with the sup- position that it might be a synonym ot C. africanum. In the present study it is explicitly recogniscd as ju- nior synonym of C. africanum because the microslide with the fixer! left male palp of the holotype clearly shows the diagnostic characters of C. africanum after Lotz (2007a). Especially the bipunctated distal tip Notes on Cheiracanthium 27 Fig. 7a-i: Cheiracanthium mildei, photographic images of female copulatory Organs showing intraspecific Variation, a Female (SB from Switzerland, Lago Maggiore, b-c Female from Germany, Rhineland-Palatinate. d-e Female holo- and paratype of C. cretense from Greece, Crete; unfortunately unknown which is which (see remarks in synonymic list of C. mildei under C. cretense). f Female from Germany, Bavaria, g Female holotype of C. strasseni strasseni from Israel, Rehovot-Tel-Aviv. h-i Female syntypes of C. strasseni aharonii from Israel, Tel-Aviv- Rehovot. a-b, d-i Epigyne. c Vulva. of the RTA (accordingly the tip shows a small, flat and rather indistinct indentation, Fig. 5c-d) and the bilobed tegular apophysis with the prolateral pointed apex (Figs 5a-b, d) are clearly recognisable. Cheiracanthium africanum is very similar to C. inclusum (Hentz, 1847). A synonymy of these two species was proposed by Ledoux (2004) but sub- sequently rejected by Lotz (2007a). Especially the males are extremely hard to discriminate from those of C. inclusum. The distinction of the males of the- se two species as given in Lotz (2007a) is based on the fact that the males of C. inclusum do not possess a bilobed tegular apophysis (with a long, slim and pointed prolateral part [pointed apex] and a broad, rounded retrolateral lobe-like part, as can be seen in C. africanum). However, at least in the illustrations of male palps of C. inclusum from America in Bonaldo &c Brescovit (1992, figs 1-2) and Edwards (1958, figs 10-11) the tegular apophysis is bilobed and a pointed prolateral apex is present. Distribution. Africa (south of the Sahara), Ma- dagascar, Reunion. Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864 (Figs 6-7) Cheiracanthium mildei Koch 1864: 342 (descr. d&9) [Syn- types, 1 6, 1 $ ITALY: South Tyrol, Meran; DrJ. Milde leg.; originally in NHMNB, but no longer there (Cordes pers. comm.), later transferred to NHMW, acquisition date 1882, no. 1.335 (Hörweg pers. comm.); further syntype material with unknown number of specimens from Croatia: Dalma- tia, deposition unknown, possibly NHM (response of curator 28 S. Bayer Fig. 8a-c: Cheiracanthium rehobothense, female holotype from Israel, Tel-Aviv-Rehovot. a Epigyne. b Vulva, c Schematic course of internal duct System. J. Beccaloni to date missing) but definitely not OUMNH (Simmons pers. comm.); type material not examined, spe- cies identity is clear]. For the complete synonymy list see Platnick (2013). Cheiracanthium strasseni strasseni Strand 1915: 156 (descr. 2). [holotype 2 ISRAEL: Rehoboth - Jaffa (between Rehovot and Tel Aviv); J. Aharoni leg. 26.IV.1913; SMF 4493, exa- mined]. New synonymy Cheiracanthium strasseni aharonii Strand 1915: 157 (descr. 2). [2 2 syntypes (one of which with mating plug) ISRAEL: Jaffa - Rehoboth (between Tel Aviv and Rehovot); J. Aharoni leg. 1913; SMF 4494, examined]. New synonymy Cheiracanthium cretense Roewer 1928: 116, pl. 1, fig. 22 (descr. & illustr. 2). [holotype 2 (sub ‘Typus’) and paratype 2 (sub ‘Co-Typus’) GREECE: Crete: Chania: Environ- ments of Chania, ca. N 35°30’, E 24°00’ (holotype), Akrotiri: Governeto monastery, ca. N 35°35’, E 24°05’ (paratype); unfortunately both specimens were put in the same vial, so it is impossible to teil which is which; C.-F. Roewer leg. 1926, Collection Roewer RII/740/33, R. Bosmans det. C. milder, SMF 9900740, examined]. Bosmans et al. 2013: 8 (synonymy). Additional material examined (32). GERMANY: Rhine- land-Palatinate: Landkreis Mainz-Bingen: Fleidesheim, on a house wall, N 49°59’34”, E 08°06’47”, 105 m; S. Bayer leg. 01.V.2012, 1 2, BPC. Bavaria: Lindau, harbour facility, at handrail, N 47°32’34”, E 09°40’59”, 396 m; S. Bayer leg. 07.VI.2013, 12, BPC. SWITZERLAND: Ticino: Ascona, Lago Maggiore; Collection Roewer RII/13395; 1 2, SMF 60687. Diagnosis and description. See Koch (1864), Simon (1932), Sterghiu (1985), Dondale &c Redner (1982). Variation of female copulatory organ. Compar- ing Figs 7a, b, f with Figs 7d, g-i the colour of the posterio-median section of the epigyne partly differs clearly, but this may he due to preservation differenc- es as several examples examined here are old museuni specimens. The posteriormost median section of the epigyne may he narrow (Figs 7a, f) or rather broad with a relatively even posterior margin (Figs 7d, g, i). The roughly transversely orientated rims of the copu- latory openings may be almost in contact with each other so that a long transverse edge is visible in the epigyne (Figs 7b, d, f) or they are clearly apart from each other (Figs 7a, g).The orientation of the lateral sections of the copulatory ducts may differ clearly (Figs 6a-c & 7b-e, h cf. Figs 7a, f, g). Remarks. The two subspecies of Cheiracan- thium strasseni , namely C. strasseni strasseni Strand, 1915 (nominotypical taxon) and C. strasseni aharonii Strand, 1915 are both synonymised with C. mildei because the copulatory Organs of the female type specimens clearly show specific conformity with those of C. mildei (Figs 7g-i cf. Figs 6a-b, 7a-f). Strand (1915) delimited C. strasseni (both subspe- cies) from C. mildei by a septum that divides the ep- igynal pit. It is difficult to deduce what Strand meant with “septum”. In fact the two roughly transversely orientated rims of the copulatory openings may be almost connected with each other or there is some space between them (which Strand possibly regarded as elongated septum). However, this is a matter of intraspecific Variation (see above). Cheiracanthium cretense was synonymised with C. mildei by Bosmans et al. (2013). Photographie images of the types of C. cretense are here shown (Figs 7d, e). Distribution. This species has expanded its dis- tribution area from Southern to Central Europe within the last decadcs/century (Muster et al. 2008, Wunderlich 2012). While formerly only known from the Mediterranean Palaearctic and Southern Euro- pean region and not Central Europe (Simon 1932, Reimoser 1937) it is now known from most countries in Central Europe (Nentwig et al. 2013). I lelsdingen (1979) did not list this species for the Netherlands, but as it was recorded in Belgium (Van Keer et al. 2007), Germany (e.g. Jäger 2000) and Austria (e.g. Thaler 2005) it is not unlikely that it will be found Notes on Cheiracanthium 29 b Fig. 9a-d: Cheiracanthium rehobothense, female holotype from Israel, Tel-Aviv-Rehovot, photographic images of copulatory organ and habitus. a Epigyne. b Vulva, c-d Female, habitus, c dorsal, g ventral view. in the Netherlands too. Even though in Central Eu- rope it is mostly found synanthropically, it cannot be excluded that, in the course of climate change, it may be found far away from human Settlements too. C. mildei was introduced into North and South Ameri- ca and is now established there (Edwards 1958, Bo- naldo &. Brescovit 1992, Dondale & Redner 1982, Paquin <5e Duperre 2003). Cheiracanthium rehobothense Strand, 1915 (Figs 8-9) Cheiracanthium rehobothense Strand 1915: 158 (descr. 2). [Holotype 2 ISRAEL: Jaffa - Rehoboth (between Tel Aviv and Rehovot); J. Aharoni leg. 14. VII. 1913; SMF 4490, examined]. Additional material examined (1 s.a. d). ISRAEL. Jaffa - Rehoboth; J. Aharoni leg. 14. VII. 1913, E. Strand det. with denotation “likely belonging to this species”; 1 s.a. d, SMF 4491. Remark. Strand (1915) also examined an adult male that he also found likely to belong to this species (SMF 4492). This specimen must have become lost, as in the SMF Collection only the empty vial exists with a label saying “type” and a corresponding index card saying “vial was found empty, checked 1967”. However, neither this male nor the subadult male li- sted above can be considered types of C. rehobothense , as Strand (1915) expressed some doubts about their species affiliation in saying “[these two specimens] likely belong to this species” [ICZN § 72.4.1], Diagnosis. Females of Cheiracanthium reho- bothense are distinguished from those of all other Cheiracanthium. species by the following characters in combination: 30 S. Bayer Small species (body length female: 5.5 mm) with small epigyne (width ca. 0.4 mm); central epigynal pit consistently semicircular (Figs 8a, 9a); initial sec- tion of copulatory duct with steep (latero-) anterior course (Figs 8b-c); copulatory duct with less than one winding around anterior section of elongated kidney bean-shaped receptaculum, and medially with a semicircular curve until reaching the latter (Fig. 8b). Presently, it is impossible to give a diagnosis for males. Strand (1915) examined a male, which is now lost (see above) and which he did not unambiguously assign to this species. Based only on the description in Strand (1915) it is not possible to clearly charac- terise and distinguish the male from those of similar species. Description Female (holotype): Body and eye measurements. To- tal length 5.5, carapace length 2.2, carapace width 1.6, anterior width of carapace 1.3, opisthosoma length 3.1, opisthosoma width 2.4, sternum length 1.1, Ster- num width 1.0, ratio carapace length/carapace width 1.375, ratio total length of leg I/carapace length 4.00. Eyes: AME 0.12, ALE 0.12, PME 0.115, PLE 0.115, AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE 0.14, PME- PME 0.21, PME-PLE 0.22, AME-PME 0.125, ALE-PLE 0.06, clypeus height at AME 0.08, cly- peus height at ALE 0.07. Cheliceral furrow with six promarginal (both very small) and six retromarginal teeth. Measurements of palp and legs. Leg formula: 1423. Palp 2.5 [0.8, 0.35 0.5, 0.85], I 8.8 [2.3, 0.9, 2.1, 2.3, 1.2], II 5.5 [1.5, 0.7, 1.3, 1.35, 0.65], III 4.4 [1.3, 0.6, 0.8, 1.1, 0.65], IV 6.3 [1.8, 0.65, 1.5, 1.7, 0.65]. Spination. Palp: 0000, 0000, 0000, 0000; legs: fe- mur I 1000, II-IV 0000; patella I-IV 0000; tibia I 0002, II 0000, III 1010, IV 1010; metatarsus I 0003, II 0003, III 2025[4034], IV 4034. Copulatory organ. Epigyne generally of the type of the common and well-known species Chei- racanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802): a roughly semi-circular epigynal pit with more or less distinctly sclerotised margin; vulva: copulatory ducts at least slightly wound around receptacula and generally visible through cuticle. The vulva of C. rehobothense shows a copulatory duct with less than one wind- ing around receptaculum; initial section of copula- tory duct almost hyaline and its central part slightly more than half as broad as central part of receptacu- lum (Fig. 9b); distance between the anterior-medial semi-circular sections of each copulatory duct (before meeting receptacula) slightly less than diameter of one duct (Figs 8b, 9b); fertilisation ducts indistinct, arising posterior to posterior-medial on receptacula (Fig. 8b); two yellowish-brown spots recognisable in the epigynal pit, clearly posterior to the copulatory openings (Figs 8a, 9a-b). Colouration. Carapace light with light-brown to yellow colour; chelicerae brown; sternum and legs with the same colour as carapace but even lighter (Fig. 9d); opisthosoma very light with beige colour, dorsally with a very long and narrow yellowish me- dial lanceolate band which may be interrupted sev- eral times towards posterior end of opisthosoma (Fig. 9c). Even though the specimen is slightly faded in EtOH the detailed description by Strand (1915) is still applicable. Remarks. According to the similarity of the copulatory organ of Cheiracanthiurn rehobothense to those of the following species it seems possible that these species are the closest relatives: C. gratum Kulczynski, 1897, C. pelasgicum (C. L. Koch, 1837), C. montanum L. Koch, 1877 and C. pennatum Si- mon, 1878. According to the structure of the female copulatory organ C. gratum is most similar. Merkens & Wunderlich (2000) removed C. gratum from the synonymy with Cheiracanthium angulitarse Simon, 1878 and first described and illustrated the female of C. gratum. The latter also has a copulatory duct with less than one complete winding around the distal part of the receptaculum. However, the curve of the distal-most section of the copulatory duct (before meeting the receptaculum) is orientated in the opposite direction. Based on Simon (1932) and Hansen (1991) the female copulatory organ of C. angulitarse is clearly different from C. gratum and C. rehobothense as well. According to Simon (1932) and Sterghiu (1985) the epigyne and the vulva of C. pelasgicum are quite similar to C. rehobothense , however, in C. pelasgicum the epigynal pit is not as evenly semicircular and its strongly sclerotised margin is distinctly broader than in C. rehobothense. The illustrations in Sterghiu (1985) and Dimitrov (1999) show the initial section of the copulatory duct of C. pelasgicum also running quite steep, but the distal section with a different course. Accord- ing to the general appearance of the copulatory organ (Reimoser 1937, I leimer &. Nentwig 1991, Notes on Cheiraccmthium 31 Roberts 1998) C. montanum is also similar to C. rehobothense, however there are clear differences in the course of the distal half of the copulatory duct (Fig. 8b cf. Reimoser 1937, fig. 51 [ventral view], Sterghiu 1985, fig. 35c and Roberts 1998, p. 142, fig. at lower left corner, all showing the vulva of C. montanum). Pesarini (1997) gave a detailed Illustra- tion of the male copulatory organ of C. montanum in retrolateral view. It seems highly likely that he mixed the figure numbers. Pesarini’s (1997) fig. 3 actually shows C. montanum, his fig. 4 shows C. elegans Thoreil, 1875. Since its first description, C. pennatum was only treated and illustrated three times (Simon 1932, Sterghiu 1985, Urones 1988). The illustrations of the male in Sterghiu (1985) and male and female in Urones (1988) are difficult to interpret and it is possible that they are based on misidentifications. They are reminiscent of C. pen- nyi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1873. The illustration of the female epigyne of C. pennatum in Simon (1932) resembles that of C. rehobothense , but the anterior sections of the copulatory ducts that shine through the cuticle are not as compact and curved as in the latter species. Simon (1878, 1932) did not provide illustrations of the vulva, so it is now difficult to delimit C. pennatum from C. rehobothense according to the course of the copulatory duct. The epigyne of C. erraticum may somewhat resemble that of C. rehobothense, however, the course of the copulatory duct is clearly different and shows more than one winding around the receptaculum. Even though colouration is a character with far less taxonomical priority it may be briefly discussed here too. C. pennatum, C. montanum and C. errati- cum have colouration patterns different from that of C. rehobothense. They show a relatively broad and distinct red to red-brown median band, with its pos- terior section offen in form of many stacked broad chevrons. C. pelasgicum resembles more C. rehobo- thense concerning the colouration as it is rather uni- formly and relatively pale coloured, without a broad red to red-brown band dorsally on the opisthosoma, but instead just a narrow lanceolate band (Sterghiu 1985). C. gratum (Merkens 8c Wunderlich 2000, p. 43) resembles C. rehobothense mostly in having a si- milar colouration like C. pelasgicum , albeit in general even lighter. Distribution. At the moment only known from the type locality (between Tel-Aviv and Rehovot) in Israel. Discussion Some species mentioned and treated herein are con- cerned by taxonomical transactions from Wunder- lich (2012), who resurrected the genus Chiracanthops Mello-Leitäo, 1942. He justified his decision by pro- posing several diagnostic characters. In this context he transferred Cheiracanthium mildei and C. inclusum (Hentz, 1847) to Chiracanthops. Platnick (2013) did not follow this decision and still regarded Chira- canthops as a junior synonym of Cheiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1839. Wunderliche (2012) concept seems comprehensible and indeed seems applicable to most of the African and European Cheiracanthium species. Following this concept, three of the focal species treated herein would belong to Chiracanthops, name- ly C.furculatum, C. africanum and C. mildei, while C. rehobothense would remain in Cheiracanthium. How- ever, the genus Cheiracanthium is very diverse and up to now more than 180 valid species have been de- scribed. Before Splitting such a genus, all current spe- cies should be considered, which certainly requires a large-scale study (i.e. a worldwide phylogenetic revision). At least a few African species show some diagnostic characters of Cheiracanthium sensu stricto and some of Chiracanthops (after Wunderlich 2012) which makes it impossible to assign them correctly (e.g. C. leucophaeum Simon, 1897 and C. minshullae Lotz, 2007). Consequently, the present study follows Platnick (2013) in regarding Chiracanthops as a jun- ior synonym of Cheiracanthium. A comprehensive revision of the Afrotropical Cheiracanthium species was presented by Lotz (2007a, 2007b). The present study is partly based on the fin- dings of this publication. Following Lotz (2007a), C. für culatum is widely distributed and common in Africa and offen appears synanthropic.This may ex- plain the introductions to Central Europe with fruit imports from Africa. It is unlikely that this species, which is adapted to tropical and subtropical climates, will establish stable populations in Central Europe; at least not outside of human buildings. It remains to be seen if in the future further introduction events of C.furculatum in Central Europe will be revealed. Up to now no revisions sensu stricto have been published for the Cheiracanthium species of Europe, Mediterranean Africa and the Near East. Several studies introducing the Cheiracanthium fauna of cer- tain regions or countries of Europe have been presen- ted, e.g. Simon (1932), Sterghiu (1985), Heimer 8c Nentwig (1991), Roberts (1998), Almquist (2006). 32 5. Bayer For the countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea from the East and the South and for several coun- tries ot South- Eastern Europe knowledge of the ge- nus Cheiracanthium is markedly poor. Currently, 41 Cheiracanthium species have been described from Europe, Mediterranean Africa and the Near East with several groups of very similar species. At least 10 of these 41 species (C. abbreviatum Simon, 1878, C. annulipes O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872, C. auenati Caporiacco, 1936, C. barbarum (Lucas, 1846), C. cu- niculum Herman, 1879, C. exilipes (Lucas, 1846), C. festae Pavesi, 1895, C. fulvotestaceum Simon, 1878, C. jovium Denis, 1947, C. macedonicum Drensky, 1921) are currently poorly characterised and thus difficult to identify. According to their type localities it is possible that the following species are related to C. rehobothense (or even conspecific?): In C. auenati and C. cuniculum the illustrations of the copulatory Or- gans in Caporiacco (1936) and Herman (1879) are small and simplified and thus difficult to interpret. Lucas (1846) and Pavesi (1895) did not even provide illustrations of copulatory Organs for C. barbarum , C. exilipes and C. festae, respectively. For the following species it is unlikely or even impossible that they are related to C. rehobothense'. C. jovium as illustrated in Denis (1947) appears very likely to be a synonym of C. furculatum and C. macedonicum might be a syno- nym of C. mildei, based on the illustration in Drensky (1921) and the fact, that the latter is widely distribut- ed and common in the Balkan region. The illustrati- on of the epigyne of the Israeli species C. annulipes in Pickard-Cambridge (1872) looks clearly different from that of C. rehobothense. By checking the type material of the species mentioned above and ideally a lot of material from each species it would be possible to learn (more) about intraspecific Variation and thus to give a clear characterisation of these species. Hence, a revision of Cheiracanthium for Europe, Mediterranean Africa and the Near East including a thorough examination and re-description of the type material of all described species (valid species and Sy- nonyms) is urgently necessary. Acknowledgements I vvisli to thank my mother Gabriele Bayer and my sister Re- gine Bayer, for immediately informing me after recognising a female of Cheiracanthium in a box of grapes. Thanks to Leon N. Lotz (Bloemfontain) for eonfirming the Identification of the mentioned female as C. furculatum . For the present study Peter Jäger (Frankfurt am Main) gave helpful advice. Jason Dunlop and Anja Friederichs (ZMB, Berlin) kindly loaned the type of C. furculatum. Zoe Simmons (OUMNH, Cambridge, UK), Christoph Hörweg (NHMW, Vienna) and Dedev Cordes (NHMNB, Nuremberg) kindly gave im- portant Information on the types of Cheiracanthium mildei, D. Cordes additionally gave information on the Collection of L. Koch in general. 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In: Le Parc National de Niokolo-Koba, 2. - Memoires de l’Institut fran^ais d’Afrique noire 62: 33-81 Schmidt G 8cJocque R 1983 Spinnen von der Insel Reunion (Araneae). - Revue de Zoologie africaine 97: 353-364 Simon E 1878 Les arachnides de France. Tome 4. Paris, 334 pp. Simon E 1932 Les arachnides de France. Tome VI. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes fran9aises de 1‘ordre des Araneae; 4e partie. Paris, pp. 773-978 Strand E 1915 Dritte Mitteilung über Spinnen aus Palä- stina, gesammelt von Herrn Dr J. Aharoni. - Archiv für Naturgeschichte A 81(2): 134-171 Sterghiu C 1985 Farn. Clubionidae. In: Fauna Republicii Socialiste Romania: Arachnida, Volumul V, Fascicula 4. Academiei Republicii Socialiste Romania, Bucharest, 165 pp. 34 S. Bayer Thaler K 2005 Fragmenta Faunistica Tirolensia - XVII. - Veröffentlichungen des Tiroler Landesmuseums Fer- dinandeum 84: 161-180 Tullgren A 1946 Svenska spindelfauna: 3. Egentliga spindlar. Araneae. Fam. 5-7. Clubionidae, Zoridae och Gnaphosi- dae. Entomologiska Föreningen. Stockholm. 141 pp. Urones C 1988 Las especies de Chiracanthium C. L. Koch, 1939 [sic] (Araneae: Clubionidae) en la Peninsula Iberica. - Graellsia 43: 139-152 Van Keer K, Van Keer J, Köninck H de & Vanuytven H 2007 Another Mediterranean spider, Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864 (Araneae: Miturgidae), new to Belgium. - Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische arachnologische Vereniging 22: 61-64 Wunderlich J 2012 Few rare and a new species of spiders (Araneae) from Portugal, with resurrection of the genus Chiracanthops Mello-Leitäo 1942 (Clubionidae: Eu- tichurinae). - Beiträge zur Araneologie 8: 183-191 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 35-40 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 Mesothele spiders in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Jason A. Dunlop, Corinna Steffensen & Hirotsugu Ono . doi: 10.5431/aramit4705 Abstract. An annotated catalogue of the rare mesothele spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) held in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin is presented. The museum hosts non-type specimens of nine species representing all three currently recognised genera, namely: Liphistius desultor Schiödte, 1849, L. malayanus cameroni Haupt, 1983, L cf. tholeban Schwendinger, 1 990, Heptathela kikuyai Ono, 1 998, H. kimurai (Kishida, 1 920), H. yanbaruensis Haupt, 1983, Ryuthela ishigakiensis Haupt, 1983, R. nishihirai (Haupt, 1979) and R. tanikawai Ono, 1997 (spec. reval.)-The geographical focus of this Collection is Malaysia and Japan, and most of the material was collected by the Berlin- based zoologist Joachim Haupt. Keywords: Araneae, Asia, Joachim Haupt, Liphistiidae, Mesothelae, ZMB Zusammenfassung: Gliederspinnen im Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Ein kommentierter Katalog der im Mu- seum für Naturkunde Berlin deponierten seltenen Gliederspinnen (Araneae: Mesothelae: Liphistiidae) wird präsen- tiert. Das Museum beherbergt neun Arten (keine Typen) aus allen drei zurzeit anerkannten Gattungen: Liphistius desultor Schiödte, 1849, L. malayanus cameroni Haupt, 1983, L. cf. thaleban Schwendinger, 1990, Heptathela kikuyai Ono, 1998, H. kimurai (Kishida, 1920), H. yanbaruensis Haupt, 1983, Ryuthela ishigakiensis Haupt, 1983, R. nishihirai (Haupt, 1 979), R. tanikawai Ono, 1 997 (spec. reval.). Der geografische Schwerpunkt der Sammlung liegt in Malaysia und Japan, wobei der Großteil des Materials von dem Berliner Zoologen Joachim Haupt gesammelt wurde. Mesothelae is a fairly small suborder of spiders (cur- rently 87 species in three genera, Platnick 2014) which are nevertheless of considerable phylogenetic interest. On first appearance they resemble myga- lomorph spiders (“tarantulas”, etc.), but in fact they are widely accepted as the most basal spider lineage retaining plesiomorphic characters such as a seg- mented opisthosoma bearing spinnerets near the middle of the underside. The latter character is the source of the name ‘meso’- ‘thelae’. All other spiders have their spinnerets located at or close to the rear of the opisthosoma and are grouped in the suborder Opisthothelae. Fossil data indicate that mesothe- les - or at least similar-looking spiders with a seg- mented opisthosoma and similar carapace and eye morphology - were found across Euramerica during the late Carboniferous. For a recent account of new fossils, which also drew on the material documented Jason A. DUNLOP, Corinna STEFFENSEN, Museum für Naturkunde, Leib- niz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany, e-mail: jason.dunlop@mfn-berlin.de, corinna_steffensen@hotmail.de Hirotsugu ONO, Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0005 Japan, e-mail: ono@kahaku.go.jp Dedicated to the memory of Joachim Haupt who died in April 2013. submitted 13.12.2013, accepted 29.4.2014, online 26.5.2014 here for comparative purposes, see Seiden et al. (in press). Today the group is restricted to eastern Asia (see below). Living mesotheles are medium to large-sized spi- ders which construct a burrow covered by one or two trap-doors. Up to ten silken ‘trip-wires’ radiate from the burrow entrance. The spider lurks inside the bur- row and is alerted to prey touching the silk threads which effectively act as a sort of ‘proto-web’. A de- tailed account of mesothele anatomy and biology can be found in Haupt (2003). The Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin (MfN) hosts a small, but significant Collection of these qui- te rarely collected spiders. As the first of a planned series of papers documenting the spider collections of this museum - particularly groups not covered previously by the Berlin type catalogues by Manfred Moritz and Sophie-Charlotte Fischer (e.g. Moritz & Fischer 1990, Moritz 1992) - we present an annota- ted catalogue of the Mesothelae holdings. Much of the mesothele material of the MfN was assembled by the Berlin-based zoologist Joachim Haupt (Fig. 1), formerly of the Free-University Berlin and later of the city’s Technical University, who died in April 2013. As well as studying arth- ropod groups such as myriapods, mites, hexathe- lid spiders and whip scorpions - with a particular 36 J. A. Dunlop, C. Steffensen & H. Ono focus on micro-morphology and ultrastructure - Joachim Haupt worked extensively on the bio- logy and systematics of mesothele spiders (Haupt 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1993, 2002, 2003, Haupt & Traue 1986, Haupt Sc Kovoor 1993). He also had strong links to Japan, where he often collected as can be seen Irom the specimen labels and associated dates. We dedicate this present work to his memory. It should be no- ted that - contrary to published data - the types of his new species were not deposited in the MfN (formerly in East Berlin), having been described at the time when Berlin was still a divided city. Other spider specimens collected by Joachim Haupt can be found in the Zoological Museum of the Univer- sity of Hamburg and in the zoological collections of the University of Rostock (both Germany), but the precise wherabouts of some type material re- mains equivocal. See below for notes on individual species. Material and methods All specimens listed here are stored in the wet collec- tions (in 70 % alcohol) and have all been given ZMB (for Zoologisches Museum Berlin) repository num- bers, which is the traditional acronym for the MfN. Tie data will be added to the database Systax. Some changes in nomenclature proved necessary to reflect the recognition of certain subspecies as distinct spe- cies in more recent publications. Individual case stu- dies are discussed below and the specimen labels are amended accordingly. Düring the course of this work we also realised that a number of locality names were either incorrect or had at least been wrongly transcri- bed from the original labels. Tiese have all been cor- rected here. Results Order Araneae Clerck, 1757 Suborder Mesothelae Pocock, 1892 Family Liphistiidae Thoreil, 1869 Subfamily Liphistiinae Thorell, 1869 Remarks: According to authors such as Schwen- dinger 8c Ono (2011, and references therein), living mesotheles can be divided into two subfamilies: the South-East Asian Liphistiinae and the East Asian Heptathelinae. Ihe latter subfamily was considered in some schemes - particularly I Iaupt (1983) - to be a distinct family, I leptathelidae, but see Raven (1985) for counterarguments. Fig. 1: Joachim Haupt (died 2013), photographed in 2008. He collected much of the mesothele material held in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin (MfN) and worked extensively on these spiders. Image courtesy of the European Society of Arachnology (http://www.european-arachnology.org/). Liphistius Schiödte, 1849 Liphistius desu/tor Schiödte, 1849 (Fig. 2a) Material: ZMB 10074, 1?; “Pulu Pinang” [Penang Island], Peninsular MALAYSIA; date uncertain, “Kauf Roesen 27.3.47” [purchased from Roesen]. ZMB 48315, “Falltür” [trapdoor]; Teluk Bahang, Penang Island, Peninsular MALAYSIA, leg. J. Haupt, 2. III. 1981. Remarks: This species - the first mesothele to he de- scribed (Schiödte 1849) - is restricted to Peninsu- lar Malaysia. Tiere is no further data about whom ZMB 10074 was purchased from. Tie locality is, in both cases, most likely Penang Island since the literal translation of the locality of the label is “areca palm island”(Schwcndinger pers. comm.).Tiis species was also reported from the nearby mainland (Platnick et al. 1997). Liphistius malayanus cameroni 1 Iaupt, 1983 Material: ZMB 48532, 2 juv.; “Berinchan" [Brin- chang or Berincang, Peninsular MALAYSIA]; leg. Haupt, 16.IV.1984. Mesothele catalogue Berlin 37 Remarks: Also endemic to Peninsular Malaysia; as its name implies, this subspecies occurs in the Cameron Highlands. The holo- and paratypes of this species were explicitly noted as having been deposited in the Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (see Haupt 1983: 282), and as having been collected in 1981. Both spe- cimens in Berlin are also from the type locality, but both are juveniles and since they postdate the original description, they cannot be part of the type series. Liphistius cf. thaleban Schwendinger, 1990 Material: ZMB 48313, 1 f, m, juv.; Thaleban Natio- nal Park (near Satun), Southern THAILAND, leg. V. Sejna,X.1998; partly disarticulated, probably dried at one stage. Remarks: The collector is Vladimir Sejna (Czech Republic), who has collected numerous arachnids in the that area of Thailand; see e.g. Kovarik (2004) for scorpions. Subfamily Heptathelinae Kishida, 1923 Remarks: Kishida (1923) established this group as a tribe (Heptatheleae) within the subfamily Liphistii- nae (cf. Bonnet 1957: 2158). Genus Heptathela Kishida, 1923 Remarks: In his 1983 paperJoachim Haupt regarded all Heptathela from Kyushu to Okinawa as part of a single species - a concept reflected in the original MfN labels - albeit recognising several subspecies: H. kimurai kimurai (Kishida, 1920) (type locality: Shi- royama, Kagoshima-shi), H. kimurai higoensis Haupt, 1983 (Kumamoto, North Kyushu), H. kimurai ama- miensis Haupt, 1983 (Amami-oshima Island) and H. kimurai yanbaruensis Haupt, 1983 (Okinawa Island). Subsequently, Ono (2009) regarded all of these (plus some new taxa) as distinct species and this view has been adopted in the World Spider Catalog of Plat- nick (2014). Applying this current species concept to the Berlin material we now have voucher material from three Heptathela species. Note that Tanikawa’s attempts to explain the species diversity of Japane- se Heptathela (see Tanikawa et al. 2006; pers. comm. of A. Tanikawa to H. Ono) have not found favour; djUyhlfar H zpixl h t . u r'ü.i u5 /• HsLUfh Zbtif. jjf„ fiy . 6 « * *>. »t-j . 3. ,f ZM3 24561 400?!/ ZMB Kat.Nr. 48342 b c Fig. 2: Representative examples, plus their labels, from each tor Schiödte, 1 849 (juvenile), b. Heptathela kimurai (Kishida, of the three mesothele genera in the MfN collections. a. Liphistius desul- 1 920). c. Ryuthela nishihirai (Haupt, 1 979). The latter two originated from the Joachim Haupt collection. 38 J. A. Dunlop, C. Steffensen & H. Ono partly because of the large number of heterogeneous populations with a scattered distribution, but still of- fen adjacent to one another. Heptathela kikuyai Ono, 1998 Material: ZMB 48317, 1 exuvia; Oita, Kyushu, JA' PAN; [leg. J. Haupt], VIII. 2004. ZMB 48318,48342, 48345-47, 5 specimens; Oita, Kyushu, JAPAN; leg. J. Haupt, 25. III. 2004. Remarks: Originally labelled as H. kimurai , the geo- graphical origin of these specimens - from Oita in Kyushu, the most southerly of Japans four main Islands - implies that they should probably be H. kikuyai (sensu Ono 1998) which is common there; although we concede that several Heptathela species are known from this island (P. Schwendinger pers. comm.). The locality details are nonetheless a little vague as there is both an Oita Prefecture and a more specific locality of Oita-shi (= Oita City) in Kyushu. We assume the specimens come from somewhere in the wider Oita area. Heptathela kimurai (Kishida, 1920) (Fig. 2b) Material: ZMB 48319, 1 specimen; Shiroyama, Ka- goshima, Kyushu, JAPAN; leg. J. Haupt, date uncer- tain. ZMB 48341, 1 specimen; Kirishima, Kyushu, JAPAN; leg.J. Haupt, 23. III. 2004. Remarks: Schwendinger & Ono (2011) noted that this species is known from several localities in Southern Kyushu where the species is endemic. ZMB 48319 is topotypic; the type specimen also origina- ted from Shiroyama. ZMB 48341 could be from the Kirishima Shrine at Kirishima-shi, from Kirishima- shi (= Kirishima City) itself or from Mt. Kirishima situated on the border of Kagoshima and Miyazaki Prefectures. Heptathela yanbaruensis Haupt, 1983 Material: ZMB 48316, 1 <3; JAPAN, locality uncer- tain; leg. J. Haupt, 1.2006. ZMB 48320, 1 specimen; lii (as’Jii”), Kunigami-son, Okinawa Island, JAPAN; leg.J. Haupt, 15.IV.1979. Remarks: These specimens were originally labelled Heptathela kimurai yanbaruensis, as per Haupts (1983) original description. Howcver, as noted above, Ono (2009) recognised H. yanbaruensis as a distinct species; see also Schwendinger & Ono (2011). The species is currently recorded as endemic to Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands (cf. Platnick 2014) which form an island chain from Kyushu in the north towards Taiwan in the south. On the basis of the current data the distributional ränge of H. yanbaruensis can be re- stricted to the northern part of Okinawa Island (the Yanbaru area),thus ZMB 48316 probably comes from this part of Okinawa too. The holo- and paratypes of this species were explicitly noted as having been de- posited in the Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (cf. Haupt 1983: 284). The present material, collected in 2006, cannot thus be part of the type series. Ryuthela Haupt, 1983 Remarks: The genus Ryuthela is restricted to the Ry- ukyu Islands (e.g. Tanikawa 2013, fig. 1). Ryuthela ishigakiensis Haupt, 1983 Material: ZMB 48337, 1 specimen, Mt. Omoto- dake, Ishigakijima Island, Yaeyama Islands, Ryukyus, JAPAN. Remarks: Originally labelled as R. nishihirai (Haupt, 1979), the locality details (Ishigakijima Island) in- dicate that it belongs to the endemic subspecies R. nishihirai ishigakiensis Haupt, 1983. This taxon was elevated to species level by Ono (1997). The holo- and paratypes of this species were explicitly noted as having been deposited in the Zoologisches Museum Hamburg (cf. Haupt 1983: 287-288). The specimen in the MfN also comes from the same locality as the types, however there is no explicit indication that the Berlin example belongs to the type series. Ryuthela nishihirai (Haupt, 1979) (Fig. 2c) Material (all from Okinawa Prefecture, JAPAN): ZMB 24561,2(5, 1$; Sueyoshi [spelled Suyeyoshi on label], Shuri in Naha-shi, leg. J. Haupt, 18.IV.1980/ XI. 1981. ZMB 48312, 1 egg case, 1977/78. ZMB 48314, 1 egg case, 1977. ZMB 48326, 1 exuvi- um; Lake Ryutan, Shuri-mawashi-cho, Naha-shi, 28. III. 1996. ZMB 48327, 1 exuvium; Chibana (area name of Okinawa-shi), 16. VT. 1982. ZMB 48328, 1 exuvium; Lake Ryutan, Shuri-mawashi-cho, Naha- shi, 20. III. 1996. ZMB 48329, 1 exuvium; Chiba- na, 15. IX. 1997. ZMB 48330, 1 exuvium; Funaura Iriomote, 28.111.1996. ZMB 48331, 1 exuvium; Nago-dake, northern part of Okinawajima Island, 28. III. 1996. ZMB 48332, 1 exuvium; Unten area, Nakijin-son, Kunigami-gun Okinawajima Island, 24. VI 1.1997. ZMB 48.333, 1 exuvium; Lake Ryutan, Shuri-mawashi-cho, Naha-shi, 28.111.1996. ZMB 48334, 1 exuvium; Lake Ryutan, Shuri-mawashi-cho, Naha-shi, 24. VII. 1997. ZMB 48335, 1 exuvium; Su- Mesothele catalogue Berlin 39 eyoshi [spelled Suyeyoshi on label], Shuri in Naha- shi, 28. III. 1996. ZMB 48336, 2 specimens, Sueyoshi [as Suyeyoshi (sic)], Shuri in Naha-shi, leg. Haupt, 27. VII. 1993. ZMB 48338, 1 specimen; Sueyoshi [as Suyeyoshi (sic)], Shuri in Naha-shi, Okinawa,Japan, leg. Haupt, 27. VII. 1993. ZMB 48339, 2 specimens; Sueyoshi [as Suyeyoshi (sic)], Shuri in Naha-shi, leg Haupt, 27. VII. 1993. ZMB 48533, 1 juv.; “Matoba”, leg. Haupt, 18.IV.1995. ZMB 48534, 1 juv.; [Lake] Ryutan, Shuri-mawashi-cho, Naha-shi, leg. Haupt, 22.IV.1995. ZMB 48535, 1 $ [abdomen only]; Chi- bana, leg. Haupt, VIII. 1993. Remarks: The syntype series is reported to have con- sisted of three males and females collected in March 1976 byM.Nishihira andj. Haupt in Shuri, Okinawa (see Haupt 1979: 372-373). Two pairs were deposi- ted in the Free University Berlin. This is not associ- ated with the Museum für Naturkunde which was formally part of the Humboldt-University in Berlin, whereby the FU Berlin unfortunately has no desig- nated zoological museum and/or curator. A further type in the National Science Museum Tokyo under the repository numbers NSMT-Ar 422-423. Three additional pairs (improperly designated as paratypes by Haupt) were cited as being in the author’s personal collection. Some specimens listed above come from Lake Ryutan and Sueyoshi - which lies in the Shuri area - thus it is possible that they are part of the ori- ginal material (the “paratypes”) examined by Haupt. However, since their collecting dates (1980-81, 1993) post-date the collecting (1976) and descrip- tion (1979) of the type material, they cannot be the “paratypes” from the author’s private collection. At present the whereabouts of these specimens are unk- nown. They could not be traced during a recent sur- vey of Haupts material deposited in Rostock, which seems to contain only a single (non-type) Liphistius specimen as a representative of the mesotheles ( JAD pers. observ. in 2013). Note that ZMB 48330 is as- sociated with a locality (Iriomotejima Island) which is notably south-west of Okinawa Island. This exuvia could come from a specimen belonging to the island endemic Ryuthele taniwakai (see below). Ryuthela tanikawai Ono, 1997, spec. reval. Material: ZMB 48325, 1 exuvia; Funaura, Iriomote- jima Island, JAPAN, 23.VHI.1991. Remarks: Originally labelled as R. nishihirai , its lo- cality data implies that it belongs to the subsequently recognised and endemic R. tanikawai. Recently Ta- nikawa (2013a) noted that some species are based on female genital characters only which may be strongly variable within populations, and thus suggested that R. tanikawai is a junior synonym of R. ishigakiensis (see above). This nomenclatural act was also accep- ted in the latest Version of the World Spider Catalog (Platnick 2014). However, we suggest here that this synonymy is inappropriate. Our critique would be that Tanikawa (2013a) sank taxa based initially on morphological data alone, and then in a paper di- rectly following on from the first (Tanikawa 2013b) offered additional DNA data albeit based on this new nomenclature only. In our opinion it would have been better to conduct a genetic analysis of all the available populations first, and then discuss the taxo- nomic implications afterwards. Both morphological differences in the male palp (Ono 2009) and mole- cular data (Tanikawa 2013b) may support the hypo- thesis of past isolation of a Ryuthela population on Iriomotejima Island. Further study of this species (or subspecies?) recognition problem by one of us (HO) is currently in preparation and we refer to this forth- coming work for details. Acknowledgments We thank Anja Friederichs (Berlin) and Andreas Bick and Katharina Hucksdorf (Rostock) for curatorial assistance, and Silvian Patzschke for help with photography. Peter Schwendinger (Geneva) and an anonymous reviewer offered valuable improvements to the typescript. References Bonnet P 1957 Bibliographia Araneorum. Tome II (3me partie: G - M). Douladoure, Toulouse, pp. 1927-3026 Clerck C 1757 Svenska spindlar, uti sina hufvud-slägter indelte samt under nägra och sextio särskildte arter beskrefne och med illuminerade figurer uplyste. 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Ono]. - Zoological Magazine (Tokyo) 32: 362 Kishida K 1923 Heptathela, a new genus of liphistiid spiders. - Annotationes zoologicae Japonenses 10: 235-242 Kovari'k F 2004 A review of the genus Heterometrus Eh- renberg, 1828, with descriptions of seven new species (Scorpiones, Scorpionidae). - Euscorpius 15: 1-60 Moritz M 1992 Die Typen der Arachniden-Sammlungdes Zoologischen Museums Berlin. X. Araneae: Lycosidae.— Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin 68: 309-329 - doi: 10.1002/mmnz.l9920680213 Moritz M 8c Fischer S-C 1990 Die Typen der Arachniden- Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. IX. Ara- neae: Linyphiidae.Theridiidae.- Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin 66: 293-307 - doi: 10. 1002/mmnz. 19900660203 Ono H 1997 New species of the genera Ryuthela and Tmarus (Araneae, Liphistiidae and Thomisidae) trom the Ryukyu Islands, Southwest Japan. - Bulletin of the National Science Museum Series A (Zoology) 23: 149-163 Ono H 1998 Spiders of the genus Heptathela (Araneae, Liphistiidae) from Kyushu, Japan. - Memoirs of the National Science Museum, Tokyo 30: 13-27 Ono IT 2009 The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai Univ. Press, Kanagawa. xvi+739 pp. Platnick NI 2014 The world spider catalog, Version 14.5. American Museum of Natural History, New York. - Internet: http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog (Feb. 10, 2014) Platnick NI, Schwendinger PJ 8c Steiner H 1997Three new species of the spider genus Liphistius (Araneae, Meso- thelae) from Malaysia. - American Museum Novitates 3209: 1-13 Pocock RI 1892 Liphistius and its bearing upon the Classifica- tion of spiders.- Annals and Magazine of Natural Histo- ry (6)10: 306-314 - doi: 10.1080/00222939208677416 Raven RJ 1985 The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. - Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182: 1-180 Schiödte JC 1849 Om en afvigende Skegt af Spindlernes Orden. - NaturhistoriskTidsskrift 2: 617-624 Schwendinger PJ 1990 On the spider genus Liphistius (Ara- neae: Mesothelae) in Thailand and Burma. - Zoologica Scripta 19: 331-351 - doi: 10.1 1 1 1/j. 1463-6409. 1990. tb00262.x Schwendinger PJ 8c Ono H 2011 On two Heptathela species from Southern Vietnam, with a discussion of copulatory Organs and systematics of the Liphistiidae (Araneae: Mesothelae). - Revue suisse de Zoologie 118:599-637 Seiden PA, Shcherbakov DE, Dunlop JA 8c Eskov KT7 in press Arachnids from the Carboniferous of Russia and Ukraine and the Permian of Kazakhstan. - Paläontolo- gische Zeitschrift - doi: 10.1007/sl2542-013-0198-9 Tanikawa A, Yoshio M 8cTatsuta H 2006 A phylogenetic analysis ofjapanese heptathelids based on mt-DNA [no English title; Japanese title translated by H. Ono]. In: Abstracts of the oral presentations at the 38th Annual Meeting of the Arachnological Society of Japan. - Acta arachnologica 55: 128 Tanikawa A 2013a Taxonomie revision of the spider genus Ryuthela (Araneae: Liphistiidae). - Acta arachnologica 62: 33-40 - doi: 10.2476/asjaa.62.33 Tanikawa A 2013b Phylogeny and genetic Variation in the spiders of the genus Ryuthela (Araneae: Liphisti- idae). - Acta arachnologica 62: 41-49 - doi: 10.2476/ asjaa.62.41 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 41-44 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 The spitting spider genus Scytodes (Araneae: Scytodidae) in Iran Alireza Zamani doi: 10.5431/aramit4706 Abstract. A survey of spiders of the genus Scytodes Latreille, 1804 in Iran resulted in six species occurring in this country: Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837, S. strandi Spassky, 1941, S. thoracica (Latreille, 1802), S. univittata Simon, 1882 and - recorded for the first time - S. arwa Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 and S. makeda Rheims, Bres- covit & van Harten, 2006. Illustrations of the newly recorded species and a key to all known Iranian species are presented. Keywords: faunistics, Iran, new records Zusammenfassung. Die Speispinnengattung Scytodes (Araneae: Scytodidae) im Iran. Im Laufe einer Untersu- chung der Gattung Scytodes Latreille, 1804 im Iran, konnten insgesamt sechs Arten nachgewiesen werden: Scyto- des fusca Walckenaer, 1837, S. strandi Spassky, 1941, S. thoracica (Latreille, 1802), S. univittata Simon, 1882, S. arwa Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 und S. makeda Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006, wobei die beiden letzt- genannten Arten Erstfunde für den Iran sind. Es werden Zeichnungen der erstmals im Iran erfassten Arten und ein Bestimmungsschlüssel für alle iranischen Scyfodes-Arten präsentiert. With 229 species, Scytodidae Blackwall, 1864 is a small family of araneomorph, haplogyne spiders with a worldwide distribution (Platnick 2014). They are commonly known as ‘spitting spiders’ since they have extra silk glands in their chelicerae which they use to eject a mixture of venom, silk and a gluey substance for capturing prey (Monterosso 1928). These glands extend into the prosoma, giving them a hunchback- shaped cephalothorax. Of the five known genera, Scytodes Latreille, 1804 is the largest and most widely distributed (Platnick 2014). Four species have so far been reported from Iran: Scytodes fusca Walckenaer, 1837, S. strandi Spassky, 1941, S. thoracica (Latreille, 1802) and S. univittata Simon, 1882. The aim of the present study was to make a survey of this genus in Iran, which also yielded records of two species new to the fauna of this country. To help identify Scyto- des in future studies a key to the Iranian species is presented. Methods Specimens were collected by hand or using entomo- logical aspirators in different parts of Iran, by turning stones, investigating leaf litter and crevices in rocks. Alireza ZAMANI, Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, College of Science, University ofTehran.Tehran, Iran, e-mail: a.zamani@ut.ac.ir submitted 8.4.2014, accepted 30.4.2014, online 26.5.201 4 The vulvae of females were removed and immersed in cold KOH and later examined and photographed using a Canon EOS-lDs Mark III, attached to a Ni- kon SMZ-1000 Stereo microscope. Specimens were deposited in the Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum of the University of Tehran ( JAZM, curator Dr. Alireza Sabouri). Scytodes species recorded in Iran Scytodes arwa Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 (Fig. 1) Material. 1 6 (JAZM), IRAN: Hormozgan Prov- ince: Hormuz Island, 27°02’42”N 56°29’35”E, 11 m a.s.h, Jan. 2014, leg. Zamani &c Kazemi. This species - which is known only from males - can be separated from other species of Scytodes (ex- cept S. univittata) by the shape of the palpal organ, the two rows of spines on femur I and the single row of spines on metatarsus III. It can be distinguished from S. univittata by the presence of two rows of spines on femur IV, and the shape of the extension on the apical section of the bulb, which is hyaline, large and triangulär, rather than being sclerotized, small and rounded as in S. univittata (Rheims et al. 2006, figs. 6-11). Distribution This species was so far only recorded from Yemen (Rheims et al. 2006) and is reported from Iran here for the first time. 42 A. Zamani 1 mm Fig. 1: Scytodes arwa. A: habitus of male; B: male right palp, prolateral view; C: male right palp, retrolateral view Habitat in Iran This species was found in a sandy, rocky habitat near the sea, in co-habitation with S. makeda. Scytodes makeda Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 (Fig. 2) Material. 2 9 (JAZM), IRAN: Hormozgan Prov- ince: Hormuz Island, 27°02’42”N 56°29’35”E, lim a.s.l, Jan. 2014, leg. Zamani 8c Kazemi. Iltis species - which is known only front females — can be separated from other species of Scytodes by its bean-shaped spermathecae, U-shaped ducts and sclerotized plates on the sides of the spermathecae (Rheims et al. 2006, figs. 12-14). Distribution This species was so far only recorded from Yemen and Oman (Rheims et al. 2006) and is reported here from Iran for the first time. Habitat in Iran Iltis species was found in a sandy, rocky habitat near the sea, in co-habitation with S. arwa. Scytodes strandi Spassky, 1941 Material. 1 9 (JAZM), IRAN: Tehran Province: Tehran, Tochal mountains, 35"49’40”N, 51°24T5”E, 1912 m a.s.l., May 2013, Zamani leg. This species is similar to S. kinzelbachi Wunder- lich, 1995, but can he separated by the shorter, more sclerotized apophysis of the psembolus in males, and a different conformation of the spermathecae in fe- males (Özkütük et al. 2013, fig. 3). Distribution Iran, Central Asia (Platnick 2014). Iltis species has heen previously reported front Mazandaran (Ghahari 8c Marusik 2009) and Tehran (Özkütük et al. 2013) Provinces in Iran and mir single female specimen was also collected from Tehran. Scytodes in Iran 43 Fig. 2: Scytodes makeda. A: ha- bitus of female; B: vulva, dorsal view; C: left spermathecae and copulatory duct Habitat in Iran One adult specimen was found along with some ju- veniles in a rocky, mountainous habitat near a small waterfall. Scytodes univittata Simon, 1882 Material 1 $ 1 $ (JAZM), IRAN: Tehran Province: Tehran, May 1994, leg. Savoji. 1 9 (JAZM), IRAN: Fars Province: Kangan, 27°58’ N, 51°59’ E, 552 m a.s.l., Dec 2013, leg. Mirzaee. Males of this species are diagnosable by the presence of two rows of spines on femur I, a sing- le prolateral row of spines on metatarsus III and by their embolus, which has a sclerotized basal projec- tion. Females are diagnosable from other species by their v-shaped foveae and curved, deep positioning ridges (Brescovit & Rheims 2000, figs. 11-20). Distribution Canary Is. to Myanmar, synanthropic in the Neotro- pics (Platnick 2014). This species has been previously reported from Fars and Mazandaran Provinces in Iran (Özkütük et al. 2013). This is the first record from Tehran Province. Habitat in Iran The new specimens were found in rocky plain ha- bitats. Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802) Distribution Holarctic, Pacific Is. (Platnick 2014). This species has been reported in Iran from the Caspian Sea (Roewer 1955), and the Provinces Zanjan (Ghavami 2006), Golestan (Ghavami 2006, Kashefi et al. 2013) and Khorasan (Mirshamsi 2005) previously. No addi- tional material was found during the present study. Scytodes fusca W alcke n aer, 1837 Distribution Pantropical (Platnick 2014). This species has been previously reported in Iran (albeit questionably; see below) from Kerman Province, based on a single fe- male specimen (Roewer 1955). No additional mate- rial was found during the present study. Key to Scytodes species of Iran 1 . Male 9 Female 6 2. Femur I with spines 3 Femur I spineless 5 3. Femur IV with spines (see Rheims et al. 2006, fig. 11) S. arwa Femur IV spineless 4 4. Metatarsus III with spines (see Özkütük et al. 2013, fig. 4) S. univittata Metatarsus III spineless S. fusca 44 A. Zamani 5. Terminal part of bulbous as long as basal part, apophysis fine (see Ozkütük et al. 2013, fig. 6) . . S. thoracica Apophysis thicker than Stylus and sub-equal in size (see Ozkütük et al. 2013, fig. 3) ... .S. strandi 6. Spermathecae strongly curved (see Brescovit 8c Rheims 2000, figs. 5-8) S.fusca Spermathecae mildly curved, or not curved .... 7 7. Spermathecae bean-shaped S. makeda Spermathecae not bean-shaped 8 8. Scutula straight (see Ozkütük et al. 2013, fig. 3) S. strandi Scutula not straight 9 9. Scutula triangulär (see Ozkütük et al. 2013, fig. 4) S. univittata Scutula semi-rounded (see Ozkütük et al. 2013, fig. 6) S. thoracica Discussion Based on the present study, Scytodes is represented in Iran by six species, which in comparison to some adjacent and nearby countries - e.g. Turkey with th- ree species (Bayram et al. 2014), Russia and its ad- jacent countries with four species (Mikhailov 2013) and Central Europe with two species (Sestäkovä et al. 2014) - represents a rather rieh fauna of spitting spiders. The present study offers the first records of S. arwa and S. makeda outside the Arabian Peninsula, but considering the position of Hormuz Island re- lative to Yemen and Oman, their occurrence in this part of Iran is not surprising. In fact another species which might be expected on Hormuz Island is S. bilqis Rheims, Brescovit 8c van Harten, 2006; also originally described from Yemen. It should be mentioned that Mozaffarian 8c Marusik (2001) suggested that be- cause S.fusca is widely distributed in Central America and occurs throughout the tropics, the single fema- le Iranian specimen was misidentified; thus the true presence of this species in Iran remains doubtful. Acknowledgments I am grateful to Dr. Antonio I). Brescovit for reviewing an carlier Version of this manuscript, Dr. Cristina A. Rheims for her comments on identifications, Dr. Reza Naderloo for organi/ing the collecting trip to 1 Iormuz Island, Mr. Abbas Kazemi, Mr. Parham Bcyhaghi and Mrs. Zohre Mirzaee for field assistance, Mr. Alircza Savoji for access to bis collected specimens of S. univittata , Mr. Ali Mohajeran for bis help with photographing the specimens and the National Muse- um of Natural History and Genetic Resources for providing me with research Supplements. References Bayram A, Kunt KB 8c Damjman T 2014 The checklist of the spiders of Turkey. Last updated 10 January 2014. - Internet: http://www.spidersofturkey.com (4.5.2014) Brescovit AD 8c Rheims CA 2000 On the synanthropic species of the genus Scytodes Latreille (Araneae, Scyto- didae) of Brazil, with synonymies and records of these species in other Neotropical countries. - Bulletin of the British arachnological Society 11: 320-330 Ghahari H 8c Marusik YM 2009 New data on spider fauna of Iran (Araneae). - Turkish Journal of Arachnology 2 ^ (3): 1-8 Ghavami S 2006 Renew checklist of spiders (Aranei) of Iran. - Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9: 1 839- 1851 - doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2006. 1839. 1851 Kashefi R, Ghassemzadeh F, Kami HG 8c Mirshamsi O 2013 New data on spider fauna from Golestan Province, Iran (Arachnida: Araneae). - Progress in Biological Sci- ences 3: 7-22 Mikhailov KG 2013 The spiders (Arachnida: Aranei) of Russia and adjacent countries: a non-annotated checklist. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow. Arthropoda Selecta. Supplement 3. 262 pp. Mirshamsi O 2005 Faunistic study of spiders in Khorasan Province, Iran (Arachnida: Araneae). - Iranian Journal of Animal Biosystematics 1: 59-66 Monterosso B 1928 Osservazioni sulla biologia sessuale degli «Scitodoidi». — Rendiconti della Reale Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 7: 155-160 Mozaffarian F 8c Marusik YM 2001 A checklist of Iranian spiders (Aranei). - Arthropoda Selecta 10: 67-74 Özkütük RS, Marusik YM, Danisman T, Kunt KB, Yagmur EA 8c Elverici M 2013 Genus Scytodes Latreille, 1804 in Turkey (Araneae, Scytodidae).- Hacettepe Journal of Biology and Chemistry 41: 9-20 Platnick NI 2014 The world spider catalog, Version 14.5. - Internet: http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog (4.5.2014) Rheims CA, Brescovit AD 8c Harten A van 2006 The genus Scytodes Latreille, 1804 (Araneae, Scytodidae) in Yemen, with description of three new species. - Fauna of Arabia 21: 159-166 Rocwer CF 1955 Die Araneen der Österreichischen Iran Expedition 1949/50.- Sitzungsberichte der Mathema- tisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften (1) 164: 751-782 Sestäkovä A, Cerneckä L, Neumann J 8c Reiser N 2014 First record of the exotic spitting spider Scytodes fusca (Araneae, Scytodidae) in Central Europe from Germany and Slovakia. — Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 1-6 — doi: 10.5431/aramit4701 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 45-48 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 The long-lasting story of the wrong naming of Silometopus ambiguus as S. curtus (Araneae: Linyphiidae) Theo Blick doi: 1 0.543 1/aramit4707 Abstract. Silometopus ambiguus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1 905) is a species occurring in Coastal habitats from north- eastern to Western Europe. S. curtus (Simon, 1881), occurring in Southern France and north-eastern Spain, was for a long time mixed up with S. ambiguus, even though corrections have been published very early and several times. This contribution summarizes publications on this topic, discusses doubtful records of both species and proposes corrections for the World Spider Catalog; and thus tries to avoid repetitions of the mistake in the future. Keywords: Coastal habitats, spider, taxonomy Zusammenfassung. Die lange Geschichte der Fehlbenennung von Silometopus ambiguus als S. curtus (Ara- neae: Linyphiidae). Silometopus ambiguus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1 905) kommt in Küstenlebensräumen von Nord- ost- bis nach Westeuropa vor. S. curtus (Simon, 1 881 ), die aus Südfrankreich und Nordost-Spanien bekannt ist, wurde über viele Jahrzehnte mit S. ambiguus verwechselt, obwohl Berichtigungen frühzeitig und mehrfach publiziert wur- den. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Publikationen zum Thema zusammen, diskutiert fragliche Nachweise beider Arten und schlägt Korrekturen für den World Spider Catalog vor. Weitere Wiederholungen dieses Fehlers sollen so in Zukunft verhindert werden. Silometopus curtus (Simon, 1881) was described by Simon (1881: p. 253, sub Erigone curta) based on males from France and Spain. Shortly after he trans- ferred the species to Cnephalocotes and figured it (the male palpus) for the first time (Simon 1884: 704). Later, i.e. posthumously, he transferred the species to the new genus Silometopus Simon, 1926 and desig- nated it as its type species (Simon 1926: 353). The female epigyne was first figured by Denis (1950: 66, Figs 5-9, sub S. nitidithorax (Simon, 1914); corrected by Denis 1963: 396) and the vulva by Locket (1964: 267, Fig. 3D). Denis (1963: 395, Figs 2-3) and Lo- cket (1964: 266, Figs 2A-B) re-figured the tibial apophysis of the male palpus. Silometopus curtus is known only from South- ern France (Bouches-du-Rhönes: les Martigues; Camargue: several sites) and north-eastern Spain (Catalonia: Arbücies) (Simon 1881: 253, 1884: 704, 1926: 487; Denis 1950: 66, sub S. nitidithorax). Furthermore Simon mentioned a slightly differ- ent and larger male from Egypt (Alexandria) (Simon ■ Theo BLICK, Callistus - Gemeinschaft für Zoologische & Ökologische Untersuchungen, Heidloh 8, 95503 Hummeltal, Germany, e-mail: blick@ callistus.de Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung. Terrestrische Zoologie, Projekt Hessische Naturwaldreservate, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, e-mail: theo.blick@senckenberg.de submitted 16.4.2014, accepted, 6.5.2014, online 26.5.2014 1884: 704, 1926: 487) which he considered merely to be a variety of S. curtus. This seems to be very doubt- ful and should be re-examined. Silometopus ambiguus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1905) was described by Pickard-Cambridge (1905: 67, pl. A, Figs 16-19) from Scotland (Isle of Bute) after a male he had formerly published as S. curtus (Pickard-Cambridge 1894: 112, Fig. 4, sub Cnepha- locotes). Locket &. Millidge (1953: 251) figured both, S. ambiguus and S. curtus , but Locket et al. (1974: 88) corrected this noting that all figures from 1953 be- long to S. ambiguus. Denis (1963) and Locket (1964) clarified that S. curtus is a Mediterranean species and S. ambiguus occurs in Coastal habitats in northern and Western Europe. Since this time in Great Britain and Ireland the correct name, S. ambiguus , has been used exclusively. Braendegärd (1958) and Wiehle (1960, 1961) erroneously used the name S. curtus for records in Iceland and Germany. Also Casemir (1970: Ger- many) and Palmgren (1976: Finland) used the name S. curtus , even though they should have known, or even cited, the papers by Denis (1963) and Locket (1964). Both names can be found even in the spi- der literature from the last two decades, e.g., S. cur- tus: Koponen & Fritzen (2013), Blick et al. (2004), Helsdingen (1999, 2013); S. ambiguus: Agnarsson (1996), Scharff & Gudik-Sorensen (2011), Platen et 46 T. Blick Fig. 1 : Map of the records of Silometopus ambiguus in northern Germany (Staudt 2014) Abb. 1 : Karte der Nachweise von Silometopus ambiguus in Norddeutschland (Staudt 2014) ★ = record after 1999/Nachweis nach 1999 al. (1995),Tanasevitch 8c Koponen (2007), Bosmans (2009). Silometopus ambiguus is the valid name of the spe- cies occurring on or near the coast from north-east- ern European Russia (the north-easternmost records are from Vorkuta and south of the Yamal Peninsula, both north of the Urals, Tanasevitch 8c Koponen 2007: 320, Tanasevitch 2008: 129), Finland, Norway, Iceland, Great Britain, Ireland, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France (the southernmost record is from the Atlantic coast of Vendee; Fe Peru 2007: 184). The records from Germany (Fig. 1) show: That the species is known from the North Sea coast as well as from the Baltic Sea coast. The records from the Baltic Sea lead to the assumption, that records of S. ambiguus can be expected also in Poland, Sweden and the three Baltic States, Fithuania, Fatvia and Es- tonia; it is already known from Finland (sub S. curtus: Palmgren 1976, Koponen 8c Fritzen 2013). There are single records not directly on the coast. This fact is supported by single records from Great Britain up to 280 m a.s.l. (BAS 2014) and single inland re- cords from Iceland (Agnarsson 1996: 89-90). There are scarce recent spider data from the German coast. Distinguishing the species. The most important contribution towards distinguishing the two species was made 50 years ago by Focket (1964). He com- paratively figured the tibial apophysis of both species and provided the vulvae for the first time (Figs 2-3). Furthermore he noted (Focket 1964: 266): “Simon himself appears to have confused the two species, a tube from his collection labelled “Silom. curtus. Gal- lia” contained two males of the Mediterranean form and one of the other.” For other figures see Platnick (2014). Fig. 2: A. Silometopus curtus male tibial apophysis (dorsally). B. ditto (from a little inside). C. S. ambiguus male tibial apophysis (ditto) (after Locket 1964: p. 66, Figs 2A-C). Abb. 2: A. Silometopus curtus männliche Tibialapophyse (dor sal). B. dito (ein wenig von innen). C. S. ambiguus männliche Ti bialapophyse (dito) (after Locket 1964: p. 66, Figs 2A-C). 47 Thestoryof Silometopus ambiguus and S. curtus Fig. 3/Abb. 3: A. Silometo- pus ambiguus vulva. B. S. curtus vulva (after Locket 1964: p. 67, Figs. 3C-D). Records to be checked. There are published records of S. ambiguus from Spain (Majadas ScUrones 2002, Moreno 2005, Cardoso 8c Moreno 2010: two from Central Spain, Avila and Salamanca, one near the Mediterranean coast from Tarragona, Catalonia). These records should be checked thoroughly as well as the records of S. ambiguus from Albania (Deltshev et al. 2011) and of S. curtus from Hungary (Samu 8c Szinetär 1999: listed as “possibly uncertain record“, origin: Loksa 1991), Malta (Kritscher 1996) and Egypt (see above) (compare the maps in Nentwig et al. 2014, created on the basis of Helsdingen 2013). Catalogue. The following citations in the World Spider Catalog (Platnick 2014) are still attached to S. curtus, but in fact belong to S. ambiguus'. • Cnephalocotes curtus O. Pickard-Cambridge 1894: 112, f. 4. (misidentified per Pickard-Cambridge 1905: 67) • S. curtus Locket 8cMillidge 1953: 251, f. 153A, H (mf). (misidentified per Locket et al. 1974: 88) • S. curtus Braendegärd 1958: 47, f. 38-39 (mf). (misidentified, see above) • S. curtus Wiehle 1960: 278, f. 506-509 (mf). (misi- dentified per Locket et al. 1974: 88) • S. curtus Wiehle 1961: 180, f. 17 (f). (misidentified per Locket et al. 1974: 88) • S. curtus Casemir 1970: 210, f. 4.1-2, pl. I, f. 3 (mf). (misidentified, see above) • S. curtus Palmgren 1976: 98, f. 20.15-16 (mf). (misidentified, see above) Acknowledgements Many thanks to Dietrich Mossakowski (Bremen), Aloysius Staudt (Schmelz), Jörg Pageler (Oldenburg) and Martin Lemke (Lübeck) (see http://forum.spinnen-forum.de// index.php?topic=16344.0), who re-drew my attention to this case, to Jason Dunlop (Berlin) for checking the language and to Andrei Tanasevitch and Ambros Hänggi for helpful comments. References Agnarsson I 1996 Islenskar köngulasr [Icelandic spiders]. - Fjölrit Nätturfrasöistofnunar 31: 1-175 BAS (British Arachnological Society) 2014 Spider and harvestman recording scheine website. - http://www. arachnida.org.uk/portal/p/Summary/s/Silometopus%20 ambiguus (15.4.2014) BlickT, Bosmans R, Buchar J, Gajdos P, Hänggi A, Helsdin- gen PJ van, Ruzicka V, Star^ga W 8c Thaler K 2004 Checklist of the spiders of Central Europe. (Arachnida: Araneae). Version 1. Dezember 2004. — Internet: http:// arages .de/ wp-content/ uploads/20 13/05/ checklist2004_ araneae.pdf (15.4.14) Bosmans R 2009 Een herziene soortenlijst van de Belgische spinnen (Araneae). - Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Vereniging 24: 33-58 Bnendegärd I 1958 Araneida. - The Zoology of Iceland III, Part 54: 1-113 Cardoso P 8c Moreno E 2010 The Iberian spider checklist (Araneae). - Zootaxa 2495: 1-52 Casemir H 1970 Silometopus bonessi n.sp., eine neue Mic- ryphantide, und vergleichende Darstellung der aus Deutschland bekannten Arten der Gattung Silometopus E. Simon 1926 (Arachnida: Araneae: Micryphantidae). - Decheniana 122: 207-216, Taf. 1 Deltshev C, Vrenozi B, Blagoev G 8cLazarov S 2011 Spiders of Albania - faunistic and zoogeographical review (Arach- nida: Araneae). - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63: 125-144 Denis J 1950 Araignees de France. III. Araignees de Camar- gue. - Revue frai^aise de l’Entomologie 17: 62-78 Denis J 1963 Notes sur les erigonides. XXV. A propos de deux especes de Camargue. - Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France 88: 392-398 Helsdingen PJ van 1999 Catalogus van de Nederlandse Spinnen (Araneae). - Nederlandse Faunistische Mede- delingen 10: 1-191 48 T. Blick Helsdingen PJ van 2013 European Society of Arachnology. Fauna Europaea. Version 2013.1. - Internet: http:// www.european-arachnology.org/reports/fauna.shtml (15.4.14) Koponen S 8c Fritzen NR 2013. Checklist of spiders in Fin- land (Araneae). 5th Version, February 2013. - Internet: http://biolcoll.um.fi/arach/checklist_of_spiders_in_Fin- land.htm (15.4.2014) Kritscher E 1996 Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Spinnen- Fauna der Maltesischen Inseln (Chelicerata: Araneae). - Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien 98 B: 117- 156 Fe Peru B 2007 Catalogue et repartition des araignees de France. - Revue Arachnolologique 16: 1-468 Focket GH 1964 Type material of British spiders in the O. Pickard-Cambridge collection at Oxford. - Annals and Magazine of Natural History (13) 7: 257-278 - doi: 10.1080/00222936408656035 Locket GH 8c Millidge AF 1953 British spiders. Vol. II. Ray Society, London. 449 pp. Locket GH, Millidge AF 8cMerrett P 1974 British spiders. Vol. III. Ray Society, London. 315 pp. Loksa I 1991 Uber einige Arthropoden-Gruppen aus dem Biosphäre-Reservat des Pilis-Gebirges (Ungarn). 2. Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Opiliones und Araneae aus der Region zwischen Mt. Kakas (Pilisszentkereszt) und der Ispan Aue (Mikula-haraszt). - Opuscula Zoologica Budapest 24: 129-141 Majadas A 8cUrones C 2002 Communaute d araignees des maquis mediterraneens de Cytisus oro mediterranem Rivas Mart. 8c al. — Revue Arachnologique 14: 31-48 Moreno E 2005 Iberian spiders catalogue. - Internet: http://www.sea-entomologia.org/gia/cata_intro.html (15.4.14) Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor D, Hänggi A 8c Kropf C 2014 araneae. spiders of Europe. - Internet: http://www. araneae.unibe.ch (15.4.14) Palmgren P 1976 Die Spinnenfauna Finnlands und Ost- fennoskandiens. VII. Linyphiidae 2 (Micryphantinae, mit Ausnahme der Linyphiinae-ähnlichen). - Fauna Fennica 29: 1-126 Pickard-Cambridge O 1894 On new and rare British spiders found in 1893; with rectifications of Synonyms. - Pro- ceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club 15: 103-116,1 PI. Pickard-Cambridge O 1905 On new and rare British Arach- nida. — Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club 26: 40-74, PI. A-B Platen R, Blick T, Bliss P, Drogla R, Malten A, Martens J, Sacher P 8c Wunderlich J 1995 Verzeichnis der Spinnentiere (excl. Acarida) Deutschlands (Arachnida: Araneida, Opilionida, Pseudoscorpionida). - Arach- nologische Mitteilungen, Sonderband 1: 1-55 - doi: 1 0.543 1/aramitS 101 Platnick NI 2014 The world spider catalog, Version 14.5. New York: American Museum of Natural History. - Internet: http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog (15.4.14) Samu F 8c Szinetär C 1999 Bibliographie check list of the Hungarian spider fauna. - Bulletin of the British arachnological Society 11: 161-184 Scharff N 8c Gudik-Sorensen O 2011 Checklist of Dan- ish spiders (Araneae). Version 26-10-2011. - Internet: http://www.zmuc.dk/entoweb/arachnology/dkchecklist. htm (15.4.14) Simon E 1881 Description despeces nouvelles du genre Erigone. - Bulletin de la Societe zoologique de France 6: 233-257 Simon E 1884 Les arachnides de France. Tome V, troisieme partie. Roret, Paris, pp. 181-885, pl. XXVI- XXVII Simon E 1926 Les arachnides de France.Tome VI. Synopsis generale et catalogue des especes fran^aises de l’ordre des Araneae; 2e partie. Roret, Paris, pp. 309-532 Staudt A 2014 Nachweiskarten der Spinnentiere Deutsch- lands (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones). - Internet: http://spiderling.de/arages/Verbreitungskar- ten/species.php?name=silamb (15.4.2014) Tanasevitch AV 2008 New records of linyphiid spider from Russia, with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes (Aranei): Linyphiidae). - Arthropoda Selecta 16: 115-135 Tanasevitch AV 8c Koponen S 2007 Spiders (Aranei) of the Southern tundra in the Russian Plain. — Arthropoda Selecta 15: 295-345 Wiehle 1960 Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea (Araneae). XI. Micryphantidae - Zwergspinnen. - Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 47: 1-620 Wiehle 1961 Beiträge zur Kenntnis der deutschen Spinnen- fauna II.- Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 37: 171-188 NA7 UHAL history" MUSEUM LIBRARY <-$ IIJ L 20K Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: 49-50 Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 Erstnachweis der Springspinne Icius hamatus (Salticidae, Araneae) für Deutschland Michael Schäfer & Antje Deepen-Wieczorek doi: 10.5431/aramit4708 Abstract. First record of the jumping spider Icius hamatus (Salticidae, Araneae) in Germany. A male of the jumping spider Icius hamatus (C. L. Koch, 1 846) was found in a garden in Aachen (Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia). Establishment of this species in Germany cannot yet be proven. Keywords: distribution, Europe, new faunistic record, spider Zusammenfassung. Ein Männchen der Springspinne Icius hamatus (C. L. Koch, 1 846) wurde in einem Garten in Aa- chen (Nordrhein-Westfalen) nachgewiesen. Eine Etablierung in Deutschland kann noch nicht belegt werden. Die Gattung Icius ist in Europa mit sieben Arten vertreten, deren Verbreitungsschwerpunkt in Südeu- ropa liegt (Platnick 2014). Icius hamatus (C. L. Koch, 1846) ist im Mittelmeerraum weit verbreitet. Han- sen (1982) äußerte nach Sichtung aller Literatur- daten die Vermutung, die Axt komme in der Ebene oder im Hügelland bevorzugt in der Strauchschicht vor, sei „sehr wahrscheinlich aber nicht an sie gebun- den“. Metzner (1999) gibt als Fundorte neben „Ge- büschen, Waldrand, Laubwäldern“ auch „Flussufer und Quellrand“ an. Bisher wurde die Art in Europa für Portugal, Spanien, Frankreich mit Korsika, Italien mit Sar- dinien und Sizilien, Slowenien, Kroatien, Serbien, Rumänien, Albanien, Griechenland, die Türkei und Polen nachgewiesen (Nentwig et al. 2014). Bei letz- terem handelt es sich um eine Einschleppung zusam- men mit Granatäpfeln, die vermutlich aus Spanien stammten (Tomasiewicz &c Wesolowska 2006). Fundort, Material und Methoden Am 15.03. 2013 wurde in einem privaten Garten in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Aachen, Brand, Niederforst- bach, 248 m. ü. N.N. (WGS84: 50.7395°N, 6.1583°E, TK25: 5202) ein adultes Männchen von Icius hama- tus (Abb. 1-2) gefunden (leg. A. Deepen-Wieczorek, det. M. Schäfer). Es hielt sich dort unter einem Stein auf. Der relativ feuchte Fundort und seine Umge- bung sind im Jahresverlauf mit einer dichten Kraut- Michael SCHÄFER, Hochlandstr. 64, 1 2589 Berlin, Deutschland, E-Mail: michael.schaefer@kleinesganzgross.de Antje DEEPEN-WIECZOREK, Münsterstr. 207, 52076 Aachen, Deutsch- land, E-Mail: antje.wieczorek@online.de eingereicht: 27.2.2014, angenommen 7.5.2014, online 26.5.2014 Abb. 1 : Icius hamatus Männchen, Dorsalansicht Fig. 1 : Icius hamatus male, habitus dorsal Schicht aus Gräsern und Stauden bewachsen. Ab Mitte März bildet sich hier je nach Witterung rasch dichter Bewuchs aus. Das Tier wurde als Beleg in 70% Ethanol kon- serviert und in der Sammlung Schäfer unter der Nummer M130032 archiviert. Bestimmung Die Bestimmung des Männchens erfolgte mit Hil- fe von Andreeva et al. (1984: 350, f. 1-5), Alicata & Cantarella (1994: 116, f. 1,7,13, 18-36), Metzner (1999: 96, f. 61 a-1) und Pröszynski (1976: 233, f. 403-406). 50 M. Schäfer &A. Deepen-Wieczorek Abb. 2: Icius hamatus Männchen, linker Pedipalpus Fig. 2: Icius hamatus male, left palp Diskussion Als wahrscheinlich wärmeliebende Gattung mit me- diterranem Verbreitungsschwerpunkt ist Icius eigent- lich nicht als Mitglied der deutschen Fauna zu er- warten. Lediglich für einen Vertreter dieser Gattung ( Icius subinermis Simon, 1937) existieren bereits zwei Nachweise für Deutschland. Zum einen aus einem Gewächshaus des Botanischen Gartens in Köln ( Jä- ger 1995) und zum anderen ein unpublizierter Fund aus dem Saarland, der auf den Verbreitungskarten der Arachnologische Gesellschaft (Staudt 2014) verzeichnet ist. Im Gegensatz zum Fund aus Köln deutet bei letzterem der Fundort (die Hauswand ei- nes Wohnhauses, Staudt pers. Mitt.), allerdings nicht explizit auf eine eventuelle Einschleppung hin. Der nächstgelegene Fundort von Icius hamatus hegt ca. 700 km südwestlich von Aachen, im franzö- sischen Departement Charente (Le Peru 2007). Da es sich bei dem hier publizierten Nachweis um einen Einzelfund handelt, dessen Fundort sich zudem in unmittelbarer Nähe zu bebautem Gebiet befindet, ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer einma- ligen Einschleppung durch z.B. Warentransporte oder Kraftfahrzeuge relativ hoch. Eine zeitnahe Ein- schleppung mit Stauden oder Baumaterialien durch den Besitzer des Gartens kann jedoch ausgeschlossen werden, da die letzen Jahre keine Neubepflanzungen oder Baumaßnahmen stattgefunden haben. Es bleibt daher offen, ob es sich hier um eine ein- malige Einschleppung handelt oder die Art bereits am Standort Fuß gefasst hat. Eine intensive Nachsu- che im Gebiet und angrenzenden Bereichen ist da- her für eine Klärung, ob und in welchem Umfang die Art eventuell etabliert ist, unbedingt notwendig. Danksagung Vielen Dank an Theo Blick für die unkomplizierte Be- treuung des Manuskripts sowie an Tobias Bauer für die wertvollen Tipps und vor allem für seine Motivation, ohne die es diese Publikation sicherlich nie gegeben hätte. Literatur Alicata, P & Cantarella T 1994 The Euromediterranean species of Icius (Araneae, Salticidae): a critical revision and description of two new species. — Animalia, Catania 20: 11-131 Andreeva, EM, Heciak S &c Pröszynski J 1984. Remarks on Icius and Pseudicius (Araneae, Salticidae) mainly from central Asia. - Annnales zoologici, Warszawa 37: 349-375 Deepen-Wieczorek A & Schönhofer AL 2013 Bestätigung von Homalenotus quadridentatus (Opiliones: Sclerosoma- tidae) für die Fauna Deutschlands. - Arachnologische Mitteilungen 45: 36-39 - doi: 10.5431/aramit4508 Hansen H 1982 Beitrag zur Biologie von Icius hamatus (C.L. Koch) (Aracnida: Araneae: Salticidae). - Lavori Societa Veneziana di Scienze Naturali 7: 55-74 Jäger P 1995 Erstnachweise von Macaroeris nidicolens und Icius subinermis für Deutschland in Köln (Araneae: Sal- ticidae).-Arachnologische Mitteilungen 9: 28-39 - doi: 10.5431/aramit0905 Le Peru B 2007 Catalogue et repartition des araignees de France. - Revue Arachnologique 16: 1-468 Metzner, H 1999 Die Springspinnen (Araneae, Salticidae) Griechenlands. - Andrias 14: 1-279 Nentwig W, Blick T, Gloor I), Hänggi A & Kropf C 2014 Araneae, Spinnen Europas. - Internet: http://www. araneae. unibe.ch (01.02.2014) Platnick NI 2014 The world Spider catalog, Version 14.5. - Internet: http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog (01.02.2014) Pröszynski J 1976 Studium systematyczno-zoogeograflczne nad rodzina Salticidae (Aranei) Regionöw Palearktyc- znego i Nearktycznego. - Wyzsza Szkola Pedagogiczna Siedlcach 6: 1-260 Staudt A 2014 Nachweiskarten der Spinnentiere Deutsch- lands - Internet: http://www.spiderling.de/arages/Ver- breitungskarten/species.php?name=icisub (01.02.2014) Tomasiewicz B &. Wesolowska W 2006 Icius hamatus (Araneae, Salticidae) in Poland? - Polskie Pismo entö- mologicznc 75: 339-342 Arachnologische Mitteilungen 47: i-iii Karlsruhe, Mai 2014 Nachruf Joachim Haupt ist tot - ein sehr persönlicher Nachruf Joachim Haupt is dead - a very personal obituary Schreibt man etwas über einen bedeutenden For- scher, so stehen im allgemeinen seine wissenschaftli- chen Verdienste im Mittelpunkt; lange Publikations- listen, besondere Beiträge, die zu einem bedeutenden Fortschritt im entsprechenden Wissensgebiet geführt haben, werden „abgearbeitet“. Wer den wissenschaft- lichen Verdienst von Joachim Haupt (* 13. Januar 1942, f 30. April 2013) bemessen will, der schaue nur in so bedeutende Bücher wie „den Foelix“ (Biologie der Spinnen), die „Neurobiology of arachnids“ oder die „Ecophysiology of spiders“ (Foelix 1992, Barth 1985, Nentwig 1987) - in allen ist Joachim Haupt zitiert, im Uberblickswerk über unsere - und seine! - Lieblingstiere ebenso wie in den Spezialwerken. So- wohl an seinen Arbeiten zur Funktionsmorphologie der Trichobothrien als auch an den umfassenden und grundlegenden Untersuchungen mesotheler Spin- nen, dieser ganz besonders urtümlichen Spinnen, kommt man nicht vorbei (Haupt 2003). Und dennoch greift man zu kurz, Joachim auf diese großen wissenschaftlichen Verdienste zu be- schränken. Ich hatte die Freude, sowohl in meinem Studium in seiner Vorlesung „Biologie der Spinnen- tiere“ sehr viel lernen zu können als auch am glei- chen Institut, dem früheren Institut für Biologie der TU Berlin, mit ihm zusammen arbeiten zu dürfen. Seine Vorlesung war altmodisch, dies aber im bes- ten Sinne. Wenn einer ohne Powerpoint (gab es damals noch gar nicht!), Folien und anderem tech- nischen Schnick-Schnack, nur mit Hilfe von fünf verschiedenfarbigen Kreidestücken, in zwei Vorle- sungsstunden die grundlegenden Unterschiede der Hauptgruppen der Articulata darzustellen versteht, und am Ende dieser eineinhalb Zeitstunden dann lehrbuchmäßige Zeichnungen an der Tafel zu sehen sind, ist - oder leider war - das Kunst. Sein Stil lag nicht jedem, es war schon ein kleiner Kreis von Inte- ressierten. Sein profundes Wissen und seine Leiden- schaft für den Stoff machten es mir jedenfalls leicht, besonders die Spinnen leidenschaftlich zu vertiefen. Und als er auch noch die europäischen Arachnologen 1988 zum 11. Colloquium nach Berlin holte (Haupt 1988), rückte er für mich damals unbedarften Studi in die Riege der ganz Besonderen auf. Während der Exkursion am Mittelmeer am Hafen von Banyuls- sur-mer. Düring the Mediterranean excursion at the harbour of Banyuls- sur-mer. Die gemeinsame Arbeit am Institut für Biologie (IfBiol, Technische Universität Berlin) viel später dann war von herzlicher Kollegialität geprägt. Mit seinem oft hintergründigen Humor lag Joachim sehr auf meiner Wellenlänge. Die auch nach vielen Jah- ren immer noch auf Nadeln aufgespießten Spinnen aus dem Freilandökologischen Praktikum eines pro- fessoralen Kollegen gab er gerne mit der süffisanten Bemerkung zurück, die Bestimmung so behandelter Tiere sei „wie schon gesagt“ nicht möglich. Auch Neues zu wagen war durchaus seine Sache, in For- schung wie in Lehre. Die Stammesgeschichte seiner Diversa Joachim im Kreis von Studenten und Meerestieren - Lernen am Objekt! Joachim surrounded by students and sea life - learning from the specimens! mesothelen Spinnen lag ihm am Herzen. Morpho- logisch war hier alles klar. Eine neue Professur für Genetik am Institut für Biologie machte es möglich, dies auch auf genetischer Ebene nachzuzeichnen - damals etwas Neues, Besonderes. Auch wenn ihm ei- nige Ergebnisse nicht in sein Muster passten und zu heftigen Diskussionen führten - er fand es spannend und stellte sein kostbares Material zum Mazerieren zur Verfügung! Die Ausbildung der ausschließlich Lehramt Studierenden am IfBiol war sehr festgelegt, man studierte eben das Angebot ab, der Blick über den Tellerrand hinaus wurde nicht eben gefördert. In einem der vielen Gespräche in seinem Büro bemerk- te ich fast nebenbei, dass man mal ein meeresbiolo- gisches Praktikum anbieten sollte, als Übersicht über die Stämme des Tierreiches wäre das sinnvoll, und auch in der Lehramtsausbildung nicht schlecht, da die Schülerinnen und Schüler ja eher am Meer Ur- laub machen würden als im Grunewald von Berlin. Joachim nutzte seine Kontakte nach Banyuls-sur- mer an die dortige meeresbiologische Station, einige Wochen später war alles unter Dach und Fach (auch hier gibt es Bedeutendes: „Insekten und Spinnentiere am Mittelmeer“, verfasst zusammen mit seiner Frau Hiroko, Haupt & Haupt 1993). Es wurden zwei wunderbare Exkursionen! Sie zeigten einmal mehr, dass Begeisterung der Lehrenden auf die Lernenden ansteckend wirkt. Zum anderen zeigten sie Joachim von einer Seite, die man an ihm weder als Student noch als Kollege so vermutet hätte - Lebensfreude und Lebenslust! Sardane tanzen, Wein trinken, am Strand liegen und „nebenbei“ Meeresbiologie be- treiben, die gefangenen Fische erst biologisch unter- suchen und dann fachgerecht grillen und bei einem stimmungsvollen Fest begießen und verspeisen, vor- her noch eben eine spannende Landexkursion ma- chen, auf der I lafenmole gemeinsam einen letzten Pastis des Tages einnehmen ... Leider haben wir uns in den letzten Jahren aus den Augen verloren. Ich wusste nicht, wie schlecht es um ihn gesundheitlich bestellt war. Einigen mag dies wohl aufgefallen sein, zum Beispiel auf Tagungen. Klagen war seine Sache jedenfalls nicht - jedenfalls nicht in großer Runde. Ich war bestürzt, als ich von Diversa seinem Tod erfuhr. Es gibt doch noch so viel zu tun! Die Morphologie mag eine altmodische Wissen- schaft sein, mit der man keinen Studi mehr zu einer Bachelor- oder Masterarbeit verfuhren kann. Es har- ren aber noch so viele Dinge auf eine Untersuchung. Mikroskop und Elektronenmikroskop waren seine Handwerkszeuge, seine Erfahrung wäre viel wert. Wenigstens einen Banyuls-Wein hätte ich gerne noch mit ihm getrunken und an „alte Zeiten“ ge- dacht. Noch nicht mal Joachim hat damals Bezugs- quellen in Deutschland gekannt. Heute kann man diesen wunderbaren Dessertwein, den er uns auf den Frankreichexkursionen so nahe brachte, im Inter- net bestellen. Das werde ich wohl tun und ihn im Gedenken an diesen besonderen Kollegen trinken. Es werden Bilder vorüber ziehen von lauen Mittel- meer-Abenden und guten Gesprächen am IfBiol, an Abendessen im Familienkreis, Gespräche über seine Liebe zu Asien und Japan speziell. In Erinne- rung bleiben der wissenschaftlich Beharrliche und der Begeisterer - der Biologe, Spinnenforscher und Mensch Joachim Haupt. Literatur Barth FG. (ed.) 1985 Neurobiology of arachnids. Springer, Berlin. 385 S. Foelix RF 1992 Biologie der Spinnen. 2. Auflage. Thieme, Stuttgart. 331 S. Haupt J (ed.) 1988 XI. Europäisches Arachnologisches Colloquium. - TUB-Dokumentation Kongresse und Tagungen 38: 1-354 - Internet: http://www.european- arachnology.org/collo/ collol 1 .shtml Haupt J 2003 The Mesothelae - a monograph of an excep- tional group of spiders (Araneae: Mesothelae) (mor- phology, behaviour, ecology, taxonomy, distribution and phylogeny). - Zoologica 154: 1-102 Haupt J &. Haupt H 1993 Insekten und Spinnentiere am Mittelmeer. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart. 357 S. Nentwig W (ed.) 1987 Ecophysiology of spiders. Springer, Berlin. 448 S. Ulrich SIMON, Berolzheimerstraße 31 A, 90768 Fürth, E-Mail: uusimon@t-online.de Arachnologische Anna Sestäkovä, Ludmila Cerneckä, Jonathan Neumann & Nils Reiser: First record of the exo- tic spitting spider Scytodes fusca (Araneae, Scytodidae) in Central Europe from Germany and Slovakia Neunachweis der exotischen Speispinne Scytodes fusca (Araneae, Scytodidae) in Mitteleuropa aus Deutschland und der Slowakei 1-6 Barbara Thaler-Knoflach, Ambros Hänggi, Karl-Hinrich Kielborn & Bodo von Broen: Revi- siting the taxonomy of the rare and tiny comb-footed spider Carniella brignolii (Araneae, Theridiidae) Ergänzungen zur Taxonomie der seltenen Zwergkugelspinne Carniella brignolii (Araneae, Theridiidae) 7-13 Christoph Hörweg: Die Gemeine Baldachinspinne, Linyphia triangu/aris (Araneae: Linyphiidae), Europäische Spinne des Jahres 2014 The common hammock-weaver, Linyphia triangularis (Araneae: Linyphiidae), European spider of the year 2014 14-18 Steffen Bayer: Miscellaneous notes on European and African Cheiracanthium species (Araneae: Miturgidae) Verschiedene Anmerkungen über afrikanische und europäische Cheiracanthium- Arten (Ara- neae: Miturgidae) 19-34 Jason A. Dunlop, Corinna Steffensen & Hirotsugu Ono: Mesothele spiders in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin Gliederspinnen im Museum für Naturkunde Berlin 35-40 Alireza Zamani: The spitting spider genus Scytodes (Araneae: Scytodidae) in Iran Die Speispinnengattung Scytodes (Araneae: Scytodidae) im Iran 41-44 Theo Blick: The long-lasting story of the wrong naming of Si/ometopus ambiguus as S. curtus (Ara- neae: Linyphiidae) Die lange Geschichte der Fehlbenennung von Si/ometopus ambiguus als S. curtus (Araneae: Linyphiidae) 45-48 Michael Schäfer & Antje Deepen- Wieczorek: Erstnachweis der Springspinne Icius hamatus (Sal- ticidae, Araneae) für Deutschland First record of the jumping spider Icius hamatus (Salticidae, Araneae) in Germany 49-50 Diversa: Nachruf i-iii ISSN 1018 • 4171 www.AraGes.de