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Theo Blick, Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung,

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Umschlagzeichnung: P. Jäger, K. Rehbinder
Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: 1-41, i-ix

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: 1-7

Karlsruhe, Dezember 201, fey

, USEUM LIBRARY

First record of Sauron rayi (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in Austria

Norbert Milasowszky & Martin Hepner

doi: 10.5431/aramit4801

Abstract. Sauron rayi (Simon, 1 881 ) is recorded in Austria for the first time. Male and female specimens of this rare
European spider were found in two "Austrian pine forests" in Lower Austria. Data on distribution, habitat, phenology
and Red List Status from the Austrian localities and from published records in other countries are presented.

Keywords: arachnology, Austrian pine forest, distribution, Europe, faunistics, habitat, phenology, rare spider, Red
List Status

Zusammenfassung. Erstnachweis von Sauron rayi (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in Österreich. Sauron rayi (Simon,
1881) wurde in Österreich zum ersten Mal nachgewiesen. Männchen und Weibchen dieser seltenen Europäischen
Spinne wurden in zwei Schwarzföhrenwäldern in Niederösterreich gefunden. Daten zur Verbreitung, zum Habitat,
zur Phänologie und zur Gefährdung dieser Art aus den österreichischen Fundorten und von bereits publizierten
Nachweisen aus anderen Ländern werden präsentiert.

Sauron rayi was originally described by Simon (1881)
under the name Erigone rayi. The description was
based on male specimens only. Simon (1881) named
the species after one of its collectors, Mr. Jules Ray,
who was a curator at the Museum in Troyes at that
time. Later, Simon (1894) placed the species in the
genus Metopobactrus where it remained until Marusik
et al. (2001) transferred it to the genus Sauron, which
was established some years before by Eskov 8c Ma-
rusik (1995). Miller (1966) initially described the fe-
male of S. rayi under the name Trichopterna fratrensis.
Miller (in Weiss & Marcu 1979: 253) synonymised
Trichopterna fratrensis (Miller, 1966) with Metopo-
bactrus rayi (Simon, 1881). For a detailed overview of
the taxonomic history of S. rayi, see Platnick (2014).

Identification

Male and female specimens of Sauron rayi (Simon,
1881) were identified by the present authors using
keys for (Central) European Spiders (Heimer 8c
Nentwig 1991, Nentwig et al. 2013). Excellent draw-
ings of both sexes of S. rayi can be found in Miller
8c Zitnanskä (1976) and in Thaler (1993). Bosmans
8c Kekenbosch (2007) published copies of the draw-
ings from Simon (1881), Miller (1966) and Miller 5c
.Zitnanskä (1976).

Norbert MILASOWSZKY, Department of Integrative Zoology,

University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;

E-mail: norbert.milasowszky@univie.ac.at

Martin HEPNER, Department of Integrative Zoology, University of
Vienna, Althanstraße 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;

E-mail: martin.hepner@univie.ac.at

submitted: 14.3.2014, accepted 20.6.2014, online 18.8.2014

First records in Austria

Sauron rayi has now been found in two Austrian pine
forests (Seslerio-Pinetum nigrae) on Rendzina soil.
Twelve males were found by means of pitfall traps
in the Nature Forest Reserve ”Merkenstein-Schöpf-
eben” near Bad Vöslau (47°59’39”N, 16°07’42”E) at
588 m a.s.l. in the year 2004 (between 25 April and
20 November) (Fig. 1), and two males and one fe-
male were obtained by means of pitfall traps between
26 May and 23 June 2006 in the study site Stampftal
near Oed (47°53’18”N, 16°01’59”E) at 640 m a.s.l.
within the framework of the research programme
“Soil diversity in Austrian natural forests” (DIANA)
(http://bfw.ac.at/300/2197.html).

Distribution

Sauron rayi is a rare spider species with a scattered
distribution pattem in Europe (Fig. 2). It lives in the
grass and moss of open non-forest, as well as forest
habitats (Svaton et al. 2010). S. rayi has been report-
ed from 14 European countries: Austria (this study),
Belgium (Bosmans 2009), Bulgaria (Deltshev 2005),
Croatia (Nikolic 8c Polenec 1981), France (e.g. Si-
mon 1926), Germany (Staudt 2014), Greece (Buch-
holz 2007), Hungary (Samu 8c Szinetär 1999), Italy
(Noflatscher 1994), Macedonia (Komnenov 2011),
Poland (Star^ga 8c Kupryjanowicz 1996), Romania
(Weiss 8c Urdk 2009), Russia (Mikhailov 2013),
Slovakia (Gajdos et al. 1999), Slovenia (Nikolic 8c
Polenec 1981) and the Ukraine (Mikhailov 2013). A
map of records of S. rayi was compiled by Bosmans
8c Kekenbosch (2007, fig. 6). Nationwide distribu-

2

N. Milasowszky & M. Hepner

Fig. 1: Locality "Merkenstein-Schöpfeben", an Austrian pine fo-
rest, where Sauron rayi was found in the year 2004. - Photo by
Alexander Pernstich, taken on 8 June 2004.

tion maps for this species are available for Germany
(Staudt 2014, five records) and Slovakia (Gajdos et
al. 1999, 14 records).

Belgium: One population of S. rayi was found
in calcareous grassland on a rocky Substrate in a
limestone quarry in Olloy-sur-Viroin (part of the
village of Viroinval) in the Department of Namur.
Specimens were collected by means of pitfall traps
in May and June. In 2004, five males were found
in May, 17 males and five females in June; in 2005,
nine males and three females were found in May,
two males in June (see Bosmans 8c Kekenbosch
2007, fig. 4).

Bulgaria: S. rayi was reported from three locali-
ties in the Sashtinska Sredna Gora Mountains (La-
zarov 1998,Lazarovet al. 2001, fig. l,Deltshev2005).
One male was found by means of pitfall traps in the
area of the Chivira hut (1450 m a.s.l.) in a mountain
meadow. According to Lazarov et al. (2001, fig. 1)
this site is situated SW of Koprivshtitsa, a town in
in the Sofia Province. One male was found by means
of pitfall traps in the area of Klisura (900 m a.s.l.) in
a forest dominated by Prunus cerasifera, Pinus nigra
and Carpinus orientalis. Four males and one female
were collected by hand in the area of Fetentsi (880 m
a.s.l.) in a forest dominated by Quercus robur , Fagus
sylvatica and a meadow characterized by Trifolium
sp., Medicago sp., Vicia sp. and 7 hymus sp. Accord-
ing to Lazarov et al. (2001, fig. 1) this site is situated
halfway between the towns of Panagyurishte and
Koprivshtitsa.

Croatia: The only record of S. rayi was made in
Bakar [Buccari], Dalmatia, in July and was published
under the name of Metopobactrus rayi by Chyzer 8c
Kulczyriski (1894, p. 95). The collector of this single
male specimen was Prof. Narcis Damin, who later
also reported the record in his book of spiders from
Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia and Istria (Damin 1900,

p. 26).

France: The only records of Sauron rayi in France
are those given in the first description of the species
(Simon 1881) (see above). Accordingly, only male
specimens are reported from the communes Gye-
sur-Seine and Villemaur-sur-Vanne [Villemaure] in
the Aube department in north-central France.

Germany: According to Staudt (2014), there are
five known records of S. rayi. The species is also men-
tioned in the check-lists and Red Lists of Baden-
Württemberg (Nährig et al. 2003), Bavaria (Blick
8c Scheidler 2004) and Lower Saxony (Finch 2004).
Joger (1997, Tab. 25) found two male specimens in a
semi-dry grassland on the Weper, about 10 km west
of Northeim and about 15 km north of Göttingen
(Lower Saxony). Stubbemann (1980) found one
male of S. rayi in June in the “Lorenzer Reichswald”
near Nuremberg in a pine forest with grassy under-
storey. The second record from this area came from
Kilg (2006). Bauchhenß (pers. comm.) summed up
the data from Kilg (2006) as follows: S. rayi occurred
in a pine forest on dry and nutrient poor sand in the
Natural Forest Reserve “Grenzweg”/ Altdorf at an
elevation of 400-420 m a.s.l. Overall, three female
specimens were found in June, two male and two fe-
male specimens in July and one male and one female
in August by means of pitfall traps and hand sieving
of litter in close vicinity to tree stcms.The third record
in Bavaria was made near Amberg (Oberpfalz) in an
open sand habitat (Blick pers. comm.). Blick (pers.
comm.) provided data for at least one male specimen
which was found by Helge Uhlenhaut in 1997 at 280
m a.s.l.

Greece: Buchholz (2007) reported S. rayi from
two localities in the Nestos Delta, which is situ-
ated in the eastern Macedonia region of north-east
Greece. Buchholz (2007, Tab. 1) found one specimen
in a floodplain and six specimens in forests by means
of pitfall traps at an elevation of 1 to 18 m a.s.l.

Hungary: Loksa (1966) reported 5. rayi from
two areas: (i) the Btikk Mountains and (ii) the Agg-
telek Karst [Tornaer Karst] both of which are part
of the north Hungarian Mountains of the Inner

Souron rayi in Austria

3

Western Carpathians. In the Bükk Mountains, S.
rayi was found at the localities Molnär rock, Belkö
and Szarvaskö. In the Aggtelek Karst area [Tornaer
Karst], S. rayi was found at the localities Also hill and
Nagyoldal. Loksa (1966, Tables 55 and 61) reported
S. rayi exclusively from xerothermic oak wood (Cera-
so mahaleb-Quercetum clematidetosum nigrae) on
limestone and Gabbro-Rendzina at an altitude be-
tween 280 and 600 m a.sd.

Italy: Noflatscher (1993) as well as Thaler (1993)
reported S. rayi from South Tyrol (Alto Adige) on
Southern slopes between Naturns and Mals at an el-
evation between 700 and 1350 m a.sd. S. rayi was
found in three habitats at the “Vinschgauer Son-
nenberg”: (i) a chestnut ( Castanea sativa)- forest, (ii)
a dry grassland and (iii) a rock steppe. Furthermore,
Thaler (1993) reported five males and two females in
June and one male in July.

Macedonia: Komnenov (2011) found two male
and two female specimens of S. rayi in a xerothermic
oak-hornbeam forest (Querco-Carpinetum orien-
talis) by means of pitfall traps between 3 May and
12 June at 889 m a.s.l. near Leshki in the Osogovo
Mountains.

Poland: Star^ga ScKupryjanowicz (1996) report-
ed S. rayi from the Gorce Mountains which are situ-
ated in Malopolska Province at the Western tip of the
long Carpathian ränge. Here, one male specimen was
found in June in an abandoned ant-nest in a spruce
forest (Piceetum tatricum) located in the Studniska
slope in the Jaszcze valley at 850 m a.s.l.

Romania: Weiss 8c Marcu (1979) reported S.
rayi from the river dune reserve of Hanu Conachi
(district Galati). Here, one male specimen each was
found in an oak-forest (Quercetum pedunculiflorae)
and dry grassland (Achilleo (kitaibelianae)-Secali-
netum silvestris). The two specimens were found in
April and June.

Russia: Ponomarev 8c Dvadnenko (2012, p. 47)
provided the following data concerning records of
S. rayi from Russia: three females, Rostov region,
Razdorskaya village, locality “Atamanskaya balka”,
25 May-16June 2001; one female, locality “Pukhlya-
kovskiye sklony (= Puhlyakovsky slopes), in a step-
pefied meadow with bushes, 15-20 May 2004, two
males, ibid., in a forest beit, 31 May-9 June 2004;
one male, Krasnodar region, Kushchovskaya village,
in a tree plantation, 22 April-4 May 2004, six males,
three females, ibid., 4 May-1 June 2004; two males,
one female, Krasnodar region, Anapa village, locality

Fig. 2: Distribution map of Sauron rayi. Small black dots re-
present records of Sauron rayi; the single large black dot com-
prises several localities in Slovakia shown in insert (upper left
corner).

“Bolshoy Utrish” (= Big Utrish), Vodopadnaya Val-
ley, in an oak-hornbeam-forest ( Quercus sp., Carpi-
nus orientalis ), in forest litter along the stream, 2 May
2010; the latter records from the locality “Bolshoy
Utrish” are also mentioned in Ponomarev 8c Volkova
(2013, p. 236).

Slovakia: Miller (1966) found two females
of S. rayi on 1 September 1935 on Maly Krivän in
the Mala Fatra Mountains (near Liptovskä Mara)
in grassland above the tree line. Additionally, Mil-
ler 8c Zitnanskä (1976) reported the record of one
male on a south-orientated grassy slope (forest edge,
Zitnanskä 1981) of Väh near Vlasky on 23 May 1972.
On 10 July 1974, the two authors additionally found
three males and eight females on a south-west-ori-
entated slope of Osträ (Suchy Jasienok) in the Vel’kä
Fatra. Miller 8c Zitnanskä (1976) considered S. rayi
to be a species that is bound to sunny submontane
mountain slopes which are covered with grass. The
habitat of the locality Vlasky is a xerophilous moun-
tain meadow mainly covered with Brachypodium pin-
natum, the locality Suchy Jasienok is a steep lime-
stone slope covered sparsely with scattered grass
cushions and lichens on rock boulders and stones.
Thus, Miller 8c Zitnanskä (1976) classified S. rayi as
photophilic-hemiombrophilic. Svaton (1983a) found
several specimens of S. rayi on a grassy hillside below
the summit of the Cierny kamen in the State Na-
ture Reservation Cierny kamen in the Vel’kä Fatra

4

N. Milasowszky & M. Hepner

Mountains. Svaton (1983b) reported S. rayi from the
Ni'zke Tatry [Low Tatra], where he found two males
and three females on 25 August 1980 by means of
pitfall traps in Ohniste, Pod Mnichom, in a lime-
stone forest steppe on a south-orientated slope. The
same record is mentioned by Svaton (1989) with
more detailed Information on the forest stand that
consists of Pin us silvestris, Pinus nigra and Larix
decidua. Additionally, Svaton (1989) also reported
S. rayi from a second study site in the nature pro-
tection area Ohniste: on 9 July 1981, he found one
male at the edge of a rock steppe islet, just above the
Püchalky valley. Svaton (1985) reported S. rayi from
a grassy hillside in the Suchy Nature Reserve in the
Mala Fatra [Little Fatra], Previously, Miller (1966)
reported S. rayi from the Maly Krivän [Little Krivän]
in the Mala Fatra. Zitnanskä (1988) recorded S. rayi
from Dedinky, about 4 km north of Dobsinä in the
protected landscape area Slovensky Raj. Here, she
found one male by means of pitfall traps at 850 m
a.s.l. at the border of a mixed forest with and an adja-
cent SW slope covered by a thin growth of young Pi-
cea excelsa, Juniperus communis and deciduous trees on
Mesozoic limestone and dolomite ground. Franc 8c
Hanzelovä (1995a, b, 1997) reported S. rayi from the
Pohansky hrad Nature Reserve near Hajnacka. Here,
one male was found at 29 May 1995 in a pseudo-
carst cave of a south-orientated boulder scree slope at
about 500 m a.s.l. Gajdos et al. (1999, p. 110) assem-
bled all records of S. rayi (Nr. 2910), i.e. 14 records of
S. rayi from eight dilferent geomorphological units.
Later, Krajca 8c Svaton (1999) reported S. rayi from
rock (dolomite and limestone) forest-steppes in the
National Nature Reserve Roszutec in Mala Fatra
Mountains. One male specimen was collected in the
locality Poludnove skaly at 965 m a.s.l. and three fe-
males were found in the locality Medziholie at 1170
m a.s.l.

Slovenia: Polenec (1978) found six male speci-
mens of S. rayi in a xerothermic hophornbeam-forest
(Seslerio autumnalis-Ostryetum carpinifoliae) near
Podgorje village (510 m a.s.l.) at the SW slope of the
Slavnik, which is the highest peak (1028 m a.s.l.) of
the North Istrian Karst-Mountains in Slovenia. Un-
fortunately, Polenec (1978) failed to report the exact
Position and elevation of the study site.

Ukraine: In the Ukraine, S. rayi was mentioned
from the Crimean Peninsula (Gnelitsa 2004, Kov-
blyuk et al. 2008) and from Eastern Ukraine (Proko-
penko, pers. comm.: left-bank Ukraine: Polchaninova

8c Prokopenko 2013, Polchaninova 8c Prokopenko
2006, sub Sauron fissocornis Eskov, 1995; Prokopenko
2003, sub S. fissocornis). In the Crimean Peninsula S.
rayi has recendy been reported from the Karadag Na-
ture Reserve (Gnelitsa 2004, Kovblyuk et al. 2008).
Kovblyuk (pers. comm.) reported that he and Nicolai
N. Yunakov collected seven males and three females
of S. rayi in the Karadag Nature Reserve by sifting
between 28 and 31 May 2010. In left-bank Ukraine,
data on numbers of Sauron rayi specimens are only
given in Prokopenko (2003, sub S. fissocornis). Proko-
penko (pers. comm.) provided full information about
these records which were obtained in two different
localities: (i) one female from the Donetsk region, in
an artificial tree plantation (“Rakovka”) in the city
of Donetsk, between 14 and 21 June 2001; (ii) one
male, five females between 11 and 22 June 2001 and
one female between 19 and 22 June 2008 in a for-
est beit in the Bilosaraiska Kosa village of the Per-
shotravnevyi district.

Habitat

S. rayi has been reported from forests and open non-
forest habitats. It can be considered a thermophilic
spider due to its occurrence in xerothermic habitats,
such as xerothermic oak wood (e.g. Loksa 1988), dry
pine-forest (e.g. Stubbemann 1980), chestnut ( Cas -
tanea sativa) forest (e.g. Noflatscher 1993) or xero-
thermic hophornbeam forest (e.g. Polenec 1978).
The open non-forest habitats also include a variety
of xerothermic sites, such as calcareous grassland, dry
grassland, rock steppe, xerophilous mountain mead-
ow and even a limestone slope covered sparsely with
scattered grass cushions and lichens. According-
ly, the soils of these habitats are poor in nutrients,
and the prevalent soil type is Rendzina mostly asso-
ciated with limestone or dolomite bedrock. Due to
its occurrence in a cave, Franc 8c Hanzelovä (1995b,
1997) considered S. rayi to be a glacial relict. In-
terestingly, the temperature in the lowest parts of
pseudocarst caves never exceeds 9-10°C and the air
has a high humidity (Franc 8c Hanzelovä 1995b).
However, the surface of the scree slope is covered
by xerothermic forests and rocky steppes, and this
area hosts thermophilic spider species (Franc 8c
Hanzelovä 1995b). Therefore, Svaton (2000) clas-
sified S. rayi as a trogloxene species, because it is
not a permanent cave inhabitant, but accidcntally
enters cavcs through the cracks and crevices of the
surrounding bedrock.

Sauron rayi in Austria

5

Altitude

S. rayi was found from nearly sea level at 1-18 m
a.s.l. in the Nestos Delta in Greece (Buchholz 2007)
to a maximum of 1450 m a.s.l. in the Sredna Gora
Mountains in Bulgaria (Lazarov et al. 2001). On the
one hand, there are many records from other Moun-
tain areas, such as the Eastern Alps (Austria), the
Southern Alps (Italy), the Bükk Mountains (Hun-
gary), the Osogovo Mountains (Macedonia), the
Gorce Mountains (Poland), the Big and Little Fatra
mountains and the Low Tatra Mountains (Slovakia),
the North Istrian Karst-mountains (Slovenia) and
the Caucasus (Russia). On the other hand, S. rayi
was also found in lowland areas, such as the Russian
Plain (Mikhailov 2013).

Phenology

In the literature, males of S. rayi are reported from
April to August, females from May to September.
The activity peak of males and females is in June
(Fig. 3).Thus, S. rayi can be considered a stenochro-
nous species with an activity peak the late spring and
early summer (main activity period May, June and
July). The two males and the one female in Austria
perfectly fit into this picture as they were caught in a
sampling period between 26 May and 23 June.

Red List

In the Red List of spiders of Baden-Württemberg
(Germany), S. rayi is classified as extremely rare
(Nährig et al. 2003). In Bavaria (Germany) it is ca-
tegorized as Endangered (Blick 8c Scheidler 2004).
In the new Red List of German spiders the species
is categorized as Endangered and Very Rare (Blick
et al. in press). In Lower Saxony, S. rayi is placed in
the category Data Deficient (Finch 2004). In South
Tyrol (Italy), Noflatscher (1994) also classified S. rayi
as Endangered (Category 2). In Slovakia, Gajdos et
al. (1999) categorized S. rayi under LC (Least Con-
cern)/NT (Near Threatened), due to its occurrence
in at least 11 square grids across the whole country.
Currently, Slovakia is the country with the most re-
cords of S. rayi.

Acknowledgements

This study was carried out with the financial support of the
Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment
and Water Management (GZ: 42.4210/10-IV 2/2003)
within the framework of the research programme “Soil
diversity in Austrian natural forests” (DIANA) (http://bfw.

Month

Fig. 3: Phenology of Sauron rayi. Grey bars = males (N=77), whi-
te bars = females (N=50). All available data from the literature
and the present study are represented.

ac.at/300/2197.html).We would like to express ourgratitude
to Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern who laid the foundation
of this study while leading the DIANA-project. We are also
grateful to Franz Starlinger for sharing his forest expertise
and to John Plant for checking the English. Finally, we
wish to thank Helene Prokopenko, Mykola Kovblyuk and
Alexander Ponomarev for providing literature pertaining to
records from Russia and the Ukraine, and Stefan Otto for
information concerning the records from the Caucasus.

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Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: 8-12

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

Erstnachweis von Evarcha michailovi in Deutschland (Araneae: Salticidae) sowie
weitere für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern neue Spinnenarten

Dieter Martin

doi: 10.5431/aramit4802

Abstract. First record of Evarcha michailovi in Germany (Araneae, Salticidae) and further spiders new to
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The jumping spider Evarcha michailovi Logunov, 1992 was recorded as new to
Germany from a nature reserve in the south of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in a dry heathland habitat. Further-
more, the first records of the jumping spiders Evarcha laetabunda (C. L. Koch, 1 846), Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1 761 )
and Sitticus inexpectus Logunov & Kronestedt, 1 997, the comb-footed spider Crustulina sticta (0. P.-Cambridge, 1861)
and the crab spider Heriaeus graminicola (Doleschall, 1 852) in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania are reported.

Keywords: comb-footed spiders, crab spiders, faunistics, jumping spiders

Zusammenfassung. Die Springspinne Evarcha michailovi Logunov, 1 992 wird erstmalig für Deutschland von einem
ehemaligen Truppenübungsplatz im Süden Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns gemeldet. Gleichzeitig werden Erstnach-
weise der Springspinnen Evarcha laetabunda (C. L. Koch, 1 846), Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761) und Sitticus inexpectus
Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997, der Haubennetzspinne Crustulina sticta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861) sowie der Krabben-
spinne Heriaeus graminicola (Doleschall, 1 852) erbracht.

Evarcha michailovi Logunov, 1992 -
Erstnachweis für Deutschland

Die Checkliste der Spinnen Deutschlands (Blick et
al. im Druck) enthält drei etablierte Arten der Gat-
tung Evarcha Simon, 1902: Evarcha falcata (Clerck,
1757) ist in 524 MTB flächendeckend in Deutsch-
land nachgewiesen (Staudt 2014). Mit 472 belegten
MTB ist Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757) ebenfalls
weit verbreitet, weist jedoch offenbar eine Nach-
weislücke in Nordwestdeutschland auf. Die mit 68
MTB-Belegen seltenste Art ist Evarcha laetabun-
da (C. L. Koch, 1846), welche in Norddeutschland
bislang weitgehend fehlt. Darüber hinaus wurde in
Gießen (Hessen) die mit importiertem Obst einge-
schleppte mediterrane Evarcha jucunda (Lucas, 1846)
gefunden (Ludy & Niechoj 2005).

Auf einem ehemaligen Truppenübungsplatz in
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern konnte nunmehr der
Erstnachweis der bislang für Deutschland nicht
verzeichneten Evarcha michailovi Logunov, 1992 er-
bracht werden. Die Art wurde durch Logunov (1992)
von E. laetabunda getrennt und ist nach Nentwig et
al. (2014) leicht von den genannten Arten zu diffc-

Dr. sc. Dieter MARTIN, Lindenweg 11, 1 7213 Untergöhren,
e-mail: dieter martin.untergoehren@t-online.de

Eingereicht 22.7.14, angenommen 25.9. 14, online 10. 12.14

renzieren (Abb. 2 - 6). Nach Platnick (2014) wurde
E. michailovi einerseits aus Russland, Zentralasien
und China, andererseits aber auch aus der Türkei und
Frankreich gemeldet. Hinzu kommen Nachweise aus
Slowenien (Fiser 8c Kostanjsek 2001) und den Nie-
derlanden (Vogels 2012).

Material: 1 <5, 18.6.2014, Bodenfalle (Fangzeit-
raum 4.6.-18.6.2014), 1 <5, 1 9, 3.7.2014, Bodenfal-
le (Fangzeitraum 18.6.-3.7.2014), 1 9, 14.8.2014,
Bodenfalle (Fangzeitraum 31.7.-14.8.2014). Ein
weiteres 9 wurde bei einer Nachsuche am 3.7.2014
gemeinsam mit einem 9 von Evarcha falcata mit dem
Kescher erbeutet. Alle Funde stammen vom selben
Standort. Die Belege befinden sich in der Sammlung
des Verfassers.

Fundort: Naturschutzgebiet „Marienfließ“, MTB
2639, 53°2T23“ N, 12T1‘05“ E, 76 m NN

Biotop: Das NSG „Marienfließ“ erstreckt sich
auf einem ehemaligen Truppenübungsplatz grenz-
überschreitend zwischen Brandenburg (1228 ha)
und Mecklenburg- Vorpommern (610 ha). Das
Untersuchungsgebiet befindet sich im Anteil von
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in der Nähe von Retzow
im weichseleiszeitlichen Sandergebiet (Parchim-
Mcycnburgcr Sandflächen). Es handelt sich vor-
wiegend um xerotherme Sandstandorte auf einem

Evarcho michailovi in Deutschland

9

Abb. 1: Lebensraum von Evarcha michailovi (27.8.2014)
Fig. 1: Habitat of Evarcha michailovi (27.8.2014)

brachliegenden ehemaligen Flugfeld, auf dem sich
ein von Besenheide ( Galluna vulgaris) und Schaf-
schwingel ( Festuca ovina ) bzw. Rotstraußgras ( Agros -
tis capillaris ) dominierter Magerrasen entwickelt hat.
Die Ctf/Amtf-Sukzession wird durch Schafbewei-
dung sowie in mehrjährigem Turnus flächenweises
Abbrennen kurz gehalten (Steinhäuser 2013).

Der Fundort von Evarcha michailovi (Bodenfal-
len) wurde im März 2014 abgebrannt und hatte zum
Fangzeitpunkt eine sehr lückige Vegetation (Abb. 1).
Der Kescherfang erfolgte in einer kleinen Calluna-
Insel, die den Flammen entgangen war.

Begleitarten

Agelena labyrinthica , Agyneta ajjßnis, Alopecosa
barbipes, Alopecosa schmidti, Asagena phalerata,
Drassodes pubescens, Haplodrassus dalmatensis,
Micaria dives, Pardosa monticola, Philodromus
collinus, Sitticus saltator, Theridion uhligi, Xeroly-
cosa miniata, Xerolycosa nemoralis, Xysticus ninnii,
Zelotes electus , Zelotes longipes

Auch für Frankreich (Ledoux et al. 1996), die
Niederlande (Vogels 2012) und Slowenien (Fiser &

Kostanjsek 2001) werden xerotherme Heide-, Ma-
ger- und Trockenrasen-Biotope als Lebensraum von
E. michailovi benannt, während die Art in der Türkei
aus annuellen Fluren gekeschert wurde (Yagmur et
al. 2009).

Für Mecklenburg- Vorpommern neue
Spinnenarten

Evarcha laetabunda (C. L. Koch, 1846)

3 99, 3 subadulte SS (gekeschert), Leisterförde, ehe-
maliger Grenzstreifen („Grünes Band“), MTB 2530,
53°28‘39“ N, 10°42‘08“ E, 26 m NN

Biotop: Calluna- Heide, Sukzession auf dem bis
1990 völlig vegetationsfrei gehaltenen Grenzstreifen,
Pflege durch Entnahme von Großgehölzen (Kniep
mdl.).

Von E. laetabunda existieren in Norddeutschland
nur sehr wenige Nachweise (Staudt 2014). Ihre weite
Streuung ließ allerdings weitere Vorkommen erwar-
ten. Der vorliegende erste Fundort in Mecklenburg-
Vorpommern befindet sich unmittelbar an der Lan-
desgrenze zu Schleswig-Holstein, wo die Art seit
2007 nachgewiesen ist (Lemke 2008).

10

D. Martin

Abb. 2: Evarcha michailovi Männchen, Habitus
Fig. 2: Evarcha michailovi male, habitus

Abb. 3: Evarcha michailovi, Bulbus ven- Abb. 4: Evarcha michailovi, Tibialapo-
tral, Embolus physe

Fig 3: Evarcha michailovi, male palp, Fig. 4: Evarcha michailovi, male palp, lat-
ventral view, embolus eral view, tibial apophysis

Abb. 5: Evarcha michailovi, Weibchen, Abb. 6: Evarcha michailovi, Epigyne
Habitus Fig. 6: Evarcha michailovi, epigynum

Fig. 5: Evarcha michailovi, female, ha-
bitus

Philaeus chrysops ( Poda, 1761)

Fundmeldung mit Fotobeleg von Christian Winkler,
Bordesholm

1 <?, 25.5.2014, ehemaliger Schießplatz Lübtheen,
Sandpiste, MTB 2733, 53°1 7‘06.0“ N, 11T2‘23.2“ E,
44 m NN

Biotop: offene Sandfläche

Philaeus chrysops wurde nach Staudt (2014) in
Deutschland nur in 25 MTB belegt. Laut Bundesar-
tenschutzverordnung (2013) steht sie als streng ge-
schützte Art in Deutschland unter Naturschutz. In
der Roten I -iste Deutschlands (Blick et al. im Druck)

Evarcha michailovi in Deutschland

11

wird sie in die Gefährdungskategorie 2 (stark gefähr-
det) eingestuft.

Den bislang einzigen norddeutschen Nachweis
vermeldet Finch (2005) aus einer Sandgrube in Nie-
dersachsen aus dem Jahr 1986. Der vorliegende Fund
ist demnach der bisher nördlichste in Deutschland
und erste in Mecklenburg- Vorpommern.

Sitticus inexpectus Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997

1 6, 1 9, 7. 7.. 20 14, auf Feuchtgrünland gekeschert
(leg. F. Joisten), NSG „Altwarper Binnendünen,
Neuwarper See und Riether Werder“, Riether Wer-
der, MTB 2251, 53°42’14”N, 14T5’16”E, 1 m NN

Biotop: Feuchtgrünland

Die europäisch bis zentralasiatisch verbreite-
te Art (Platnick 2014) wurde in der Vergangenheit
mit Sitticus rupicola (C. L. Koch, 1837) konfündiert
und erst durch Logunov &c Kronestedt (1997) als
eigenständige Art beschrieben. Während rupicola
eine Gebirgsart ist, wird inexpectus im Flachland in
der Nähe von Gewässerufern gefunden (Kronestedt
1998, Nentwig et al. 2014).

Aus Deutschland liegen bislang nur sehr wenige
Nachweise aus Brandenburg und Sachsen- Anhalt
vor (insgesamt 6 MTB, Staudt 2014). Blick (1998)
vermutet allerdings, dass sich außeralpine rupicola-
Nennungen sämtlich auf inexpectus beziehen.

Der Erstnachweis für Mecklenburg- Vorpom-
mern auf der Insel Riether Werder im Stettiner Haff
reiht sich in das Lebensraumschema mit Bevorzu-
gung küstennaher Biotope ein.

Crustulina sticta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861)

1 9, 6.3.2014, aus Binsen geschüttelt (leg. F. Jois-
ten), NSG „Altwarper Binnendünen, Neuwarper See
und Riether Werder“, Riether Werder, MTB 2251,
53°42’14” N, 14T5’16” E, 1 m NN

Biotop: Feuchtgrünland

Crustulina sticta wurde nur extrem selten aus-
schließlich im norddeutschen Raum gefunden
(Staudt 2014). Ein Nachweis aus Mecklenburg-Vor-
pommern fehlte bislang.

Nentwig et al. (2014) nennen Moore und Sümp-
fe als Lebensraum. Dem entspricht auch der vorlie-
gende Fund in Binsen im Feuchtgrünland auf dem
Riether Werder. Andererseits werden mehrfach Vor-
kommen in Dünen (Finch 2005) und Sandtrocken-
rasen (Martin 2009) gemeldet.

Heriaeus graminicola (Doleschall, 1852)

1 subadultes <5, 29.7.2014, Rothenklempenow, Latz-
igsee, Orchideenwiese, gekeschert (leg. H. Lemke),
MTB 2451, 53°32’29”N, 14°12T8”E,2 m NN

Die Artbestimmung erfolgte nach habituellen
Merkmalen (Körperform, Zeichnung) sowie dem
Lebensraum (Feuchtwiese).

Biotop: hochstaudenreiche Feuchtwiese

Diese sehr selten nachgewiesene Krabbenspin-
nenartwurde nach Staudt (2014) vorwiegend im Be-
reich des Rheingrabens nachgewiesen. Der bislang
einzige in den Nachweiskarten verzeichnete Fund
nördlich der Mittelgebirge stammt aus dem Krem-
mener Luch in Brandenburg aus dem Jahr 1954
(Platen et al. 1999). Die Art gilt hier mittlerweile als
ausgestorben (Rote Liste Kategorie 0). Darüber hin-
aus verweist Finch (2005) auf einen von Bonn et al.
(1997) erfassten Einzelfund in einem Elb-Auewald
in Niedersachsen, wo die Art in der Roten Liste als
Vom Aussterben bedroht (Kategorie 1) eingruppiert
wird (Finch 2004). Der vor hegende Fund belegt da-
mit das nördlichste Vorkommen der Art in Deutsch-
land und ist gleichzeitig ein Neunachweis für Meck-
lenburg-Vorpommern.

Heriaeus graminicola besiedelt mehr oder weni-
ger dichte Vegetation in Feuchtbiotopen (Loerbroks
1983, Nentwig et al. 2014). Dem entspricht auch der
vorliegende Fund.

Danksagung

Herr Theo Blick half bei der Literaturbeschaffung. Ihm
sowie den Gutachtern der Arachnologischen Mitteilungen
danke ich darüber hinaus für die Durchsicht des Manu-
skriptes und zahlreiche Hinweise.

Für die unermüdliche Betreuung der Bodenfallen im
NSG „Marienfließ“ danke ich Herrn Udo Steinhäuser.
Die Fanggenehmigung erteilte die Untere Naturschutzbe-
hörde des Landkreises Ludwigslust-Parchim. Herr Frank
Joisten überließ mir zahlreiche Spinnenaufsammlungen
vom Riether Werder. Herrn Henry Lemke danke ich für
seine Spinnen-Beifänge aus Rothenklempenow. Für die
Erlaubnis, seinen Philaeus- Fund zu veröffentlichen, danke
ich Herrn Christian Winkler. Schließlich danke ich Herrn
Wolfgang Kniep für seine Führung und Erläuterungen zum
Grenzstreifen in Leisterförde.

12

D. Martin

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ordnung vom 16. Februar 2005 (BGBl. I S. 258, 896),
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gesamt.pdf

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Sacher P 1999 Gesamtartenliste und Rote Liste der
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turschutz auf einem ehemaligen Truppenübungsplatz.

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forum.spinnen-forum.de/index. php? topic= 13235.
msg86718#msg86718

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Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: 1 3-15

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

New record of a parasitoid worm (Mermithidae, Nematoda) in a spider of the ge-
nus Trochosa (Lycosidae)

Michael Meyer

doi: 1 0.543 1/aramit4803

Abstract. A nematode from the family Mermithidae (Nematoda) was recorded parasitizing a spider of the genus
Trochosa. The subadult Troc/iosa-female was found in a semi-dry calcareous grassland in the valley Leutratal, south
of the city of Jena,Thuringia, Germany.

Keywords: wolf spider, mermithid worm, parasitism

Zusammenfassung. Neuer Nachweis eines parasitischen Fadenwurms (Mermithidae, Nematoda) in der Spin-
nengattung Trochosa (Lycosidae). Ein Fadenwurm der Familie Mermithidae (Nematoda) wurde als Parasit der Gat-
tung Trochosa festgestellt. Das subadulte Trochoso-Weibchen wurde im mäßig trockenen Kalkgrasland des Leutra-
tals südlich von Jena (Thüringen) gefangen.

Although spiders are offen described as top-preda-
tors in arthropod communities, there are nonetheless
various invertebrate animals that feed on spiders. In
this context, Pompilidae (spider wasps) are offen ci-
ted, a hymenopteran family comprising of about 100
species in Central Europe, which have specialized on
spiders as a source of food for their offspring (Bell-
mann 2010). Also larvae of other hymenopterans,
such as some Ichneumonidae and Sphecidae (Eber-
hard 2000, Bellmann 2010), some larvae of dipterans
such as species of the genus Ogcodes (Acroceridae)
and of the family Tachynidae (König 1894, Allard
8c Robertson 2003, Bellmann 2010, Kehlmaier et al.
2012) are known as parasites in or on spiders, or in
their cocoons (see e.g. Finch 2005, Helsdingen 2011
for a review). Little is known about the relevance of
nematode parasitism in spiders. All known natural
nematode parasitoids of spiders belong to the fa-
mily Mermithidae, namely the genera Agamermis ,
Arachnomermis, Aranimermis , Hexamermis and Mer-
mis (Poinar 1985, 2000, Penney 8c Bennett 2006).
A fossil species, Heydenius araneus , was also descri-
bed (Poinar 2000). Mermithids can also be found in
mosquitoes, grasshoppers, butterflies, damselflies or
cockchafers. For many mermithids, the host species
is still unknown (Nickle 1972).

Until now, there is little knowledge about their
systematic Classification due to difficulties in Iden-
tification. Also, information about the life history

Michael MEYER (M.Sc.), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena,

Institute of Ecology, Dornburger Straße 1 59, D-07743 Jena,

E-Mail: m.meyer@uni-jena.de

submitted: 22.7.14, accepted 22.10.14, online 19.12.14

of individual species is very fragmentary (Penney 8c
Bennett 2006). Juvenile mermithids leave their host
and then move on to soil or mud; some even live in
freshwater, where they mature (Nickle 1972, Allard
8c Robertson 2003). Mating and development of
the larvae into their first Stadium occur in the soil.
Afterwards, the larvae develop in arthropods (Hart-
wich 1992), in spiders usually after being ingested
through a paratenic host or, rarely, through direct
penetration by an infective larva after hatching out
of an egg (Penney 8c Bennett 2006). The problem
is that reliable identification of these animals is
only possible having adult individuals, namely ma-
les (Allard 8c Robertson 2003). However, they are
very difficult to find in soil and the rearing of post-
parasite juvenile individuals in the laboratory is still
difficult (Penney 8c Bennett 2006). Infected spiders
offen show an enlarged and deformed opisthosoma,
deformed copulation structures or deformed legs.
Moreover, they show changes in behaviour such as
sluggishness, slower reaction times to predators and
a tendency to move towards water (Allard 8c Ro-
bertson 2003, Pizzi 2009).

Study area, material and methods

The infected Trochosa-spider was found amongst
contents of pitfall traps used during a biodiversity
study in a semi-dry grassland near the motorway
A4 in the valley Leutratal, south of the city of Jena
(Germany). The investigated area is characterized as
mesophilic grassland in the lower part which then
changes to semi-dry calcareous grassland in the up-
per part of the slope. Above the grassland, the area is

14

M. Meyer

Fig. 1 : Place of discovery of the infected spider: Grassland, dom-
inated by tor-grass ( Brachypodium pinnatum), which is inter-
spersed with dogwood ( Cornus sanguinea). - Photo: M. Meyer,
June 2013

characterized by pine-forests, shrubs or barren calca-
reous sunny slopes.

As a preservative, we used 1.2-propandiol (VWR
International GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) (diluti-
on 1:2) which was mixed with quinine sulphate (4
gram per litre) (VWR International GmbH, Darm-
stadt, Germany) to deter small mammals from ente-
ring and eventually perishing in the traps. To reduce
surface tension, we used some drops of a surfactant
(common washing liquid). The traps were installed
at the end of April and emptied approximately every
two weeks from April to September.

The infected spider was detected in one trap ins-
talled on June 11 and emptied on June 24,2013. The
plot where it was found is located in the northwest of
the village “Leutra” near a pine-forest edge (50.8703,
11.5625 WGS84).The plant community is domina-
ted by tor-grass ( Brachypodium pinnaturn) which is
interspersed with dogwood ( Cornus sanguinea) (Fig.
1). The female spider had only reached a subadult
developmental stage such that Identification to spe-
cies level was impossible. Due to the maculation
on the prosoma (two dark longitudinal stripes on a
bright median stripe, Heimer & Nentwig 1991), the
spider belongs to the genus Trochosa. As nearly all
other identifiable individuals of the genus Trochosa
caught during this study bclonged to Trochosa terri-
cola Ihorcll, 1856, it is highly likely that this indivi-
dual belongs to this species as well. Other species of
the genus Trochosa that arc known from the locality
are Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778) and Trocho-
sa spinipalpis (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1895) (Malt &

Schäller 1998), but both do not usually occur on dry
grasslands (Engelhardt 1964, Bellmann 2010). The
spider and the mermithid have been deposited at the
Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität
Jena.

Results and discussion

The mermithid was obviously in the act of emer-
ging from the spider. A part of it, with a length
of about one centimetre, was already visible bet-
ween the spinnerets. After extracting the worm
surgically, it was found to have a length of about
19 cm (Fig. 2). The opisthosoma of the spider was
approximately 3 mm long. The worm was white,
ivory-coloured to pale brownish in colour and had
an irregulär surface structure. Especially at the ta-
pered ends, it was slightly transparent. The ends
were rounded. Because the mermithid had not re-
ached an adult stage, Identification to species level
was not possible.

Parasitism of spiders by mermithids is obviously
not uncommon - in some spider populations, the in-
fection rate reaches more than 8 %.The infection rate
•is higher in populations near streams, which may be
due to the fact that most adult mermithid worms live
in mud or freshwater (Nickle 1972, Allard & Robert-
son 2003). In general, parasitism by mermithids can
occur in most spider families, as well as harvestmen
(Poinar 1985), but also in scorpions and pseudoscor-
pions (Poinar & Curcic 1992). The wolf spiders (Ly-
cosidae) exhibit the highest number of species (22)
known for being infected by mermithids (Engelhardt
1964, Penney & Bennet 2006). This applies in parti-
cular to the genus Pardosa, but also to various species
of the genera.A/opecosa,Arctosa, Geolycosa, Hygro/ycosa,
Rabidosa, Schizocosa and Sossipus (Penney & Bennett
2006). For the genus Trochosa , only one case of pa-
rasitism by mermithids was known in an individual
of Trochosa robusta (Simon, 1876) (Engelhardt 1964).
For the remaining species of the genus Trochosa , no
parasitism by mermithids has been described until
now. However, parasitism of spiders by mermithids
also occurs in most other spider families (see Penney
&c Bennett 2006 for a review). This could probab-
ly be because most of these mermithids undergo an
indirect developmental process, i.e. they usc insects
as paratenic hosts which, for their part, then get con-
sumed by spiders afterwards. "Ibis may explain the
parasitism of spider species with different feeding
habits (Poinar &, Benton 1986).

Mermithidae in Trochosa sp.

Mermithid worms continue to be a mystery, es-
peciaUy because Identification is still problematic.
Since detection is more or less a matter of chance
(e.g. individuals emerging of the spider) it is difficult
to gain an overall view of this group.

Acknowledgements

I thank Dr. Winfried Voigt and Mary Gizzie-Voigt for help-
ful suggestions on earlier versions of this article and impro-
vement of the English. I also want to thank Prof. Dr. Günter
Köhler and Dr. Simone Cesarz for fruitful discussions and
providing literature. Petr Dolejs, Torbjörn Kronestedt and
the editor are gratefülly acknowledged for their critical
comments which helped to improve the manuscript.

References

Allard C 8c Robertson MW 2003 Nematode and di-
pteran endoparasites of the wolf spider Pardosa
milvina (Araneae, Lycosidae). - Journal of Arach-
nology 31: 139-141 - doi: 10.1636/0161-8202-
(2003)031[0139:NADEOT]2.0.CO;2
Bellmann H 2010 Der Kosmos Spinnenführer. Franckh-
Kosmos, Stuttgart. 432 S.

Eberhard WG 2000 Spider manipulation by a wasp larva. -
Nature 406: 255-256 - doi: 10.1038/35018636
Engelhardt W 1964 Die Mitteleuropäischen Arten der
Gattung Trochosa C.L. Koch, 1848 (Araneae, Lycosidae).
Morphologie, Chemotaxonomie, Biologie, Autökologie.
- Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere
54: 219-392 - doi: 10.1007/BF00390678
Finch O-D 2005 The parasitoid complex and parasitoid-
induced mortality of spiders (Araneae) in a Central
European woodland. - Journal of Natural History 39:
2339-2354 - doi: 10.1080/00222930502005720
Hartwich G 1992 Nemathelminthes. In: Stresemann E
(ed.): Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland, Band 1, Wir-
bellose. Volk und Wissen, Berlin. S. 108-138
Heimer S 8c Nentwig W 1991: Spinnen Mitteleuropas:
ein Bestimmungsbuch. Paul Parey, Berlin 8c Hamburg.
544 S.

Helsdingen PJ van 201 1 Spiders in a hostile world (Arach-
noidea, Araneae). - Arachnologische Mitteilungen 40:
55-64 -doi: 10.5431/aramit4007
Kehlmaier C, Michalko R 8c Korenko S 2012 Ogcodes fumatus
(Diptera: Acroceridae) reared from Philodromus cespitum
(Araneae: Philodromidae), and first evidence of Wolbachia
■ Alphaproteobacteria in Acroceridae. — Annales Zoologici
62: 281-286 - doi: 10.3161/000345412X652819
König A 1894 Ueber die Larve von Ocgodes. - Verhand-
lungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in
Wien 44: 163-166, Taf. VII

Fig. 2: The infected spider (opisthosoma slightly damaged) and
the mermithid. - Photo: M. Meyer, February 2014, edited byT.
Kronestedt.

Malt S 8cSchäller G 1998 Webspinnen (Araneida) des NSG
„Leutratal“. In: Heinrich W, Marstaller R, Bährmann
R, Perner J 8c Schäller G (eds): Das Naturschutzgebiet
„Leutratal“ bei Jena - Struktur- und Sukzessionsfor-
schung in Grasland-Ökosystemen. Naturschutzreport
14. Thüringer Landesanstalt für Umwelt und Geologie,
Jena. S. 362-334

Nickle WR 1972 A Contribution to our Knowledge of the
Mermithidae (Nematoda). - Journal of Nematology 4:
113-146

Penney D 8cBennett SP 2006 First unequivocal mermithid-
linyphiid (Araneae) parasite-host association. - Journal of
Arachnology 34: 273-278 - doi: 10.1636/S04-92.1

Pizzi R 2009 Parasites of tarantulas (Theraphosidae). -Jour-
nal of Exotic Pet Medicine 18: 283-288 - doi: 10.1053/j.
jepm.2009.09.006

Poinar GO Jr. 1985 Mermithid (Nematoda) parasites of
spiders and harvestmen. - Journal of Arachnology 13:
121-128

Poinar GO Jr. 8c Benton CLB Jr. 1986 Aranimermis aptis-
picula n.g., n.sp. (Mermithidae: Nematoda), a parasite of
spiders (Arachnida: Araneida). - Systematic Parasitology
8: 33-38 - doi: 10.1007/BF00010307

Poinar GO Jr. 8c Curcic BPM 1992 Parasitism of pseu-
doscorpions (Arachnida) by mermithidae (Nematoda).
-Journal of Arachnology 20: 64-66

Poinar GO Jr. 2000 Heydenius araneus n. sp. (Nematoda:
Mermithidae), a parasite of a fossil spider, with an exa-
mination of helminths from extant spiders (Arachnida:
Araneae). - Invertebrate Biology 119: 388-393 - doi:
10.1 1 1 1/j. 1744-7410. 2000. tb00108.x

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: 16-23

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

Carinostoma elegans new to the Slovakian harvestmen fauna
(Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae)

Anna Sestäkovä & Ivan Mihäl

doi: 1 0.543 1/aramit4804

Abstract. A newgenus and speciesof small harvestman was foundfor the first time in Slovakia - Carinostoma elegans
(Sorensen, 1894). One male and two females were collected in the Mlynany arboretum of the Slovak Academy of
Science (western Slovakia). Descriptions and photographs of both sexes of C. elegans are provided. Additional com-
ments, and a map of distribution of all species of this genus, are provided.

Keywords: arboretum, faunistics, harvestmen, new record, western Slovakia

Zusammenfassung. Carinostoma elegans neu für die Weberknechtfauna der Slowakei (Opiliones, Dyspnoi,
Nemastomatidae). Eine neue Weberknechtgattung und -art wurde erstmals in der Slowakische Republik nachge-
wiesen - Carinostoma elegans (Sorensen, 1 894). Ein Männchen und zwei Weibchen wurden im Mlynany Arboretum
der Slovakischen Akademie der Wissenschaften nachgewiesen. Beide Geschlechter sowie die Verbreitung der Art
werden beschrieben und abgebildet.

Altogether five species in three genera from the
family Nemastomatidae are known to occur in Slo-
vakia. Düring a brief zoological investigation into
the arachnid fauna in the arboretum Mlynany of
the Slovak Academy of Science three specimens of
a harvestman so far not known as a member of the
Slovakian opilionid fauna were found.The specimens
were identified as Carinostoma elegans Sorensen, 1894.
The genus Carinostoma Kratochvü, 1958 comprises
three closely related European species (Schönhofer
2013). They are small, black colored, short-legged
with silver spots and dorsal ornamentation forming
rows of bridgethorns. Males have a bifid and spined
penial glans and chelicera with a single excretion
porus (Schönhofer & Martens 2012). The author-
ship of Carinostoma elegans is officially assigned to
William Emil Sorensen, but the species was pub-
lished thanks to Adolf Lendl. Sorensen was very
busy that time, so Lendl asked him for permission
to publish his descriptions (Lendl 1894). The pres-
ence of this species was expected in Slovakia due to
its occurrcnce close to the border with Hungary and
Ukraine (e.g. Kratochvü 1935, Silhavy 1956, Mar-
tens 1978, Stasiov 2004, Mihal et al. 2009). With this
new record of Carinostoma elegans the numbcr of the
harvestmen species known from Slovakia reachcs 35

Anna SESTÄKOVÄ, The Western Slovakia museum, Müzejnö nämestie 3,
Trnava, SK-91809, Slovakia, e-mail: asestakova@gmail.com
Ivan MIHAL, Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences,
Stürova 2, Zvolen, SK-96053, Slovakia, e-mail: mihal@savzv.sk

submitted: 4. 10.2014, accepted 1 1. 12.2014, online 23. 12.2014

and the number of genera increases to 25 (Bezdecka
& Bezdeckovä 2011, Mihäl & Astalos 2011). As the
species is new to the Slovakian harvestmen fauna, we
provide a description of its morphology and compare
-its distribution to other species of the genus.

Methods

Specimens were extracted from samples using Berle-
se funnels and by individual collection. Microphoto-
graphs were made using EOS Utility Software and a
digital camera (Canon EOS 1100D) connected to a
Zeiss Stemi 2000-C. Microslides of the ovipositor and
penis were photographed using a Leica ICC50 camera
connected to a Leica DM1000 using LAS EZ 1.8.0
Software. Digital images were combined and edited
using Photoshop CS6. Description of the species is
based on mature specimens obtained in Slovakia. Ma-
terial is deposited in 70% ethanol and as permanent
microscope slides in Swann’s medium in the collection
of the Western Slovakia Museum in Trnava.

Rcsults and Discusion
Nemastomatidae Simon 1872
Carinostoma Kratochvü, 1958
Carinostoma elegans (Sorensen, 1894)

Taxonomy references

Nemastoma elegans Sorensen 1894: in Lendl 1894:
29-30, pl. 1, hg. 3 ($); Roewer 1914: 164-165, fig. 32;
Roewer 1919: 155-156; Roewer 1923: 671, hg. 836;
Silhavy 1939: 1 10, hg. 10 (9); Cirdei 1958: 1-2, hg. 1.

Carinostoma eiegans in Slovakia

17

Fig. 1: Male habitus of Carinostoma eiegans. A: lateral view, B:
dorsal view, C: ventral view. Arrow points to eyes.

Fig. 2: Male left chelicera of Carinostoma eiegans. A: prolateral
view, B: retrolateral view, C: dorsal view, D: ventral view.

Nemastoma e. var. batorligetien.se Szalay, 1951: in
Szalay 1951: 307-309, figs 1-3 (69).

Mitostoma e. (Sorensen 1894): in Silhavy 1939:
110, fig. 10; Kratochvil 1958: 572.

Carinostoma e. (Sorensen 1894): in Dumitrescu
1972: 73-74; Star?ga 1976: 54-56, fig. 42 (c 59); Mar-
tens 1978: 137, figs 201-207 (<5); Karaman 1995:
36, fig. 8a; Bäbälean 2001: 24, 26, figs a, b; Bäbälean
2011:47, figs 13-14.

Carinostoma e. batorligetiense (Szalay, 1951): in
Loksa 1991: 685, fig. 2 (6).

Misidentification and errors

Silhavy (1966): fig. 19 (6). Misidentification, the fig-
ure refers to C. carinatum (Roewer 1914). Schönhofer
& Martens (2012): figs 5-6. Mixed up figures; figure
6 refers to C. carinatum and figure 5 to C. eiegans.

Material examined

1 6, 1 9, extracted from bracket fungi and moss sample;
1$, under old log: SLOVAKIA, the Mlynany arbo-
retum of Slovak Academy of Science, N48. 32265°
E18. 36348°, 170 m a.s.l., 10 October 2013, leg.
A. Sestäkovä, J. Christophoryovä & K. Krajcovicovä.

Diagnosis

Within Carinostoma only C. eiegans has two trans-
verse dorsal ridges with the upper one connected to
the round post-ocular ridge; C. carinatum (Roewer,
1914) differs by an additional transverse ridge and C.
ornatum (Hadzi, 1940) lacks connection to the post-
ocular ridge and dorsal spots; however, Karaman
(1995) observed specimens, living in sympatry with
C. carinatum, with dorsal spots as in C. eiegans. Unlike
C. carinatum and C. ornatum , males of C. eiegans have
a longer slender Stylus of the penial glans (not thick
and curved), and the excretion porus of the cheliceral
apophysis is positioned within the cheliceral grove
(not outside) (e.g. Hadzi 1940, fig. 6g, Martens 1978,
fig. 195, Raspotnig et al. 2014, fig. 2).

Characteristics of the Slovakian Carinostoma ei-
egans sample

Body ovoid and black, ornamented with crests of
bridgethorns; anteriorly with two large silver spots,

0.5 mm

Fig. 3: Male femora with pseudoarticulation of Carinostoma eie-
gans.

Fig. 4: Male penis of Carinostoma eiegans. A: dorsal view, B: de-
tail of penial glans, ventral view. Arrow points to Stylus.

18

A. Sestäkovä & I. Mihäl

posteriorly with two golden spots (Figs 1, 5). Legs
relatively short; femora with typical pseudoarticula-
tions as follows 1=1-2, 11=4, 111=1-2, IV=3-4 (Fig. 3).

Male. Total length of body 1.5 mm. Basal Seg-
ment of chelicerae has a small depression with excre-
tion porus (Fig. 2). Penis as in Fig. 4; glans terminally
bifid, slender Stylus slightly curved, laterally on the
margin covered with six pairs of short spines.

Female. Total length of body 1. 8-2.0 mm. Che-
licerae lack excretion porus on the basal Segment
(Fig. 6). Ovipositor with two terminal lobes and four
subterminal ones; each of the subterminal ones with
three spines (Fig. 7). A pair of subde, two-segmented
seminal receptacles (globular terminal Segment and
short tubulär basal one) (Fig. 7C).

Comments

The number of posterior spots varies from one ellip-
soid to two small ovals (var. bartoligetiense ) (Bäbälean
2011). Description of the variety bartoligetiense was
based on eastern Hungarian specimens from local-
ity of Bätorliget (Szalay 1951). Later it was catego-
rized as a subspecies by Loksa (1991). Nowadays it is
.treated as a variety based on the recent taxonomic re-
vision by Schönhofer (2013). Slovakian species rep-
resent var. bartoligetiense. Although one of Slovakian
females has only one posterior spot, this is an abnor-
mal absence of the left one. In addition no posterior
spots were observed in one female from Romania by
Cirdei (1958).

Biological and ecological notes

The genus Carinostoma comprises edaphic thermo-
philous forest species found in the litter, under tree
remnants, stones or in deep humus soil (Avram 8c
Dumitrescu 1969, Bäbälean 8c Ilie 2003, Mitov 8c
Stoyanov 2004, Mitov 2008). Although, caves are
not a typical habitat for this genus; several females of
C. elegans were recorded near their entrances (Avram
8c Dumitrescu 1969, Ilie 2002). All species occur in
forests, preferring higher altitudes in the Southern
populations (Schönhofer 2014).

Carinostoma adults seem to be most active around
October (e.g. Oltean 8c Dumitrescu 1973, Novak 8c
Gruber 2000, Raspoting et al. 2014), which corre-
sponds to our discovery in Slovakia. Adults of Ca-
rinostoma elegans reach two peaks of maximum ac-
tivity. The first peak is in autumn (from September
to October) and the second in spring (from April to
May) (Weiss 1988, Loksa 1991). In C. ornatum fe-

1 mm

Fig. 5: Female habitus of Carinostoma elegans. A: lateral view, B:
dorsal view, C: ventral view.

Fig. 6: Female left chelicera of Carinostoma elegans. A: prolateral
view, B: retrolateral view, C: dorsal view, D: ventral view.

Fig. 7: Female ovipositor of Carinostoma elegans. A-B: ventral
view, C: right receptaculum seminis.

Carinostoma elegans in Slovakia

19

Fig. 8: Schematic map of distribution of the genus Carinostoma; disputable records omitted (for detailed information see Appendix).
Yellow: C. elegans, Red: C. ornatum, Blue: C. carinatum. The Slovakian record marked with the largest character.

males with eggs were found in spring and autumn
(from September to October and from April to June)
(Mitov 2004, Mitov & Stoyanov 2004), which is
probably similar in C. elegans.

Distribution

Carinostoma elegans is a south-east European species.
It is the most eastern species of the genus, and its
distribution is enclosed by the Carpathian Moun-
tains. An isolated population was found in the east
of Bulgaria (Fig. 8, yellow color). In comparison to
the other species the most Western one, C. carinatum ,
occurs from the Eastern Alps, following the Dinaric
Alps to Serbia (Fig. 8, blue), and C. ornatum occupies
the south-east along the Balkan Mountains and the
Rhodopes (Fig. 8, red). According to Star^ga (1976)
C. elegans seems to be vicariant with C. ornatum , so
their distribution may be limited somewhere in the
central Balkans, between the “Sipka” through “Iskyr”.
However, Mitov (2004) predicted C. elegans in the
Eastern Rhodopes. All three species of the genus
Carinostoma occur in Serbia; moreover C. elegans co-

occurs with C. ornatum in Bulgaria and C. carina-
tum with C. ornatum in Bosnia and Herzegovina and
Montenegro (Fig. 8, Tab. 1). According to the pre-
sented map there are some blank places, e.g. Albania,
Moldavia, which is probably due to limited research
activity.

The recent mention of C. elegans in Slovakia
(Raspotnig et al. 2014), was clarified as the expected
occurrence according to Martens (1978) (Raspotnig
2014, pers. comm.). However, C. elegans has been ex-
pected in Slovakia even earlier (e.g. Kratochvil 1935,
Mihäl et al. 2009), but remained either very rare or
hard to find. Our records from the arboretum could
be caused by human activity. In the years 201 1 and
2012 a few plants were imported from Hungary
(Tanakajd) (Barta 2013, pers. comm.). Although all
plants were placed into a garden nursery, two spec-
imens of C. elegans were found in the oldest part
of the arboretum near the castle. Other very recent
records of C. elegans in the Aggteleki National Park
from Hungary were situated very close to the Slova-
kian border (Komposch 2004), so it is probably pres-

20

A. Sestäkovä & I. Mihäl

Tab. 1. Distribution of the genus Carinostoma in Europe

C. carinatum

C. elegans

C. ornatum

References

(Roewer, 1914)

(Sorensen, 1894)

(Hadzi, 1940)

Albania

probably

Pavicevic et al. (2012), Mitov (2000)

Austria

+

Komposch (2011)

Bosnia and
Herzegovina

+

+

Novak (2005a)

Bulgaria

+

+

Mitov (2004, 2008)

Croatia

+

Novak (2004)

Greece

+

Star^ga (1976)

Flungary

+

Lengyel 8c Muränyi (2006)

Italia

+

Stoch (2003)

Kosovo

+

Hadzi (1940)

Macedonia

probably

+

Pavicevic et al. (2012), Raspotnig et al. (2014)

Montenegro

+

Pavicevic et al. (2012)

Romania

+

Babalean (2005)

Serbia

+

+

+

Pavicevic et al. (2012), Raspotnig et al. (2014)

Slovakia

+

present paper, Stasiov (2004)

Slovenia

+

Novak et al. (2006)

Ukraine

+

Bartos (1939)

ent in the neighboring NP Slovensky kras (=Slovak
Karst National Park) as well.

Disputable and dubious records

Although Roewer (1919) mentioned distribution of
C. carinatum in Romania, this could not be confirmed
by recent faunistic studies (e.g. Babalean 2001, 2002,
2011, Babalean & Ilie 2003, Mitov 2008). On the
contrary, C. ornatum should be expected in Dalmatia
(Novak 2004), as was presented by Hadzi (1973), but
this record has not been confirmed up to the pres-
ent.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thanks to Janka Christophoryovä and
Katka Krajcovicova for their hclp in the field and the most
for access to photo equipment at Comenius University in
Bratislava and valuable comments on the manuscript. We
are indebted to personnel of the Mlynany arboretum SA V,
especially to Marek Barta who allowed us to collect mate-
rial. We are grateful to Dano Grul’a who facilitated this
rcsearch and to two anonymous reviewers who improved the
manuscript. This work was partially supported also by the
Scientific Grant Agency VEGA (project No. 2/0035/13).

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Carinostoma elegans in Slovakia

21

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Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: 24-27

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

Holocnemus pluchei (Araneae, Pholcidae) in Getränke- und Baumärkten in
Deutschland

Nils Reiser & Jonathan Neumann

doi: 1 0.543 1/aramit4805

Abstract. Holocnemus pluchei (Araneae, Pholcidae) in beverage Stores and do-it-yourself Stores in Germany.

Some colonies of spiders belonging to the Mediterranean cellar spider Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763), were
found in both beverage and do-it-yourself Stores in Germany. Among theseare the first records of H. pluchei in Berlin,
Hamburg, Lower Saxony and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Keywords: imported species, synanthropic spider

Zusammenfassung. Einige Vorkommen der mediterranen Zitterspinnenart Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) wur-
den in Deutschland in Getränkemärkten und Baumärkten gefunden. Neu nachgewiesen wurde die Art für Berlin,
Hamburg, Niedersachsen und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Im Oktober 2012 wurde in einem Getränkemarkt in
Neubrandenburg eine etwa 30 Tiere umfassende Po-
pulation der ursprünglich mediterranen Zitterspin-
nenart Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763) entdeckt.
Im selben Monat konnten in zwei Berliner Bau-
märkten mehrere Tiere der Art nachgewiesen wer-
den. Im Rahmen einer Bachelorarbeit (Reiser 2013)
wurden daraufhin deutschlandweit mehrere Geträn-
kemärkte und Baumärkte auf das Vorkommen von
H. pluchei untersucht. In diesem Beitrag sollen nun
die Ergebnisse vorgestellt, als auch über mögliche
Einschleppungswege diskutiert werden.

Methoden

Im Zeitraum von Oktober 2012 bis Juni 2013 wur-
den deutschlandweit insgesamt 32 Getränkemärkte
von sieben verschiedenen Anbietern sowie 33 Bau-
märkte von zehn verschiedenen Anbietern auf das
Vorkommen von H. pluchei untersucht. Alle Örtlich-
keiten wurden dabei einmalig besucht. Sämtliche In-
dividuen wurden per Handfang gesammelt. Um die
gezielte Suche nach H. pluchei zu erleichtern, erfolgte
in der Regel eine vorherige Absprache mit den je-
weiligen Geschäftsleitungen.

Gesammelte Tiere wurden mit Hilfe eines No-
vex-Stereomikroskop (RZ-Reihe) bestimmt und be-
finden sich zu I eilen in den Privatsammlungen der
Autoren.

Nils REISER, Zietenstraße 7-9, D-10783 Berlin, Germany;

E-mail: nils-reiser@gmx.de

Jonathan NEUMANN, Harrosteig 35, D-12524 Berlin, Germany;

E-mail: Jonaneumann@web.de

Eingereicht 12. 11.12, angenommen 9. 12. 14, online 23. 12. 14

Ergebnisse

Im Folgenden werden die Ergebnisse der Untersu-
chung chronologisch geordnet in je einer Tabelle für
Getränkemärkte und Baumärkte präsentiert (Tab.
l,Tab. 2). Die Angaben beziehen sich auf die Ge-
samtzahl der in der jeweiligen Lokalität gefundenen
Individuen. Die Fänge sind in <3, 9 und Jungtiere
unterteilt. Bei sehr großen Individuenzahlen han-
delt es sich lediglich um Beobachtungen (minimale
Schätzwerte, gekennzeichnet mit „insgesamt >X“).
Falls nichts anderes angegeben, wurden die Indivi-
duen vom Erstautor dieser Arbeit gesammelt bzw.
bestimmt (leg. & det. N. Reiser). Die Funde aus der
vorliegenden Arbeit sind in Abb. 1 markiert.

Von den insgesamt 32 untersuchten Getränke-
märkten konnten in 19 Lokalitäten Individuen von
H. pluchei nachgewiesen werden (59%). Dabei wurde
die Art in Örtlichkeiten von sechs der sieben Geträn-
kemarktanbietern gefunden. Die überwiegende Zahl
der Tiere wurde an den Fenstern und an der Decke
der jeweiligen Märkte nachgewiesen, wobei Einzel-
tiere auch öfters direkt in Getränkekisten beobachtet
wurden bzw. dort ihre Netze angelegt hatten (keine
feststellbare Tendenz zu bestimmter Ware).

Auch in vielen Baumärkten ist H. pluchei fest eta-
bliert. In 14 der 34 insgesamt untersuchten Loka-
litäten konnte die Art nachgewiesen werden (41%).
Ein Großteil der Tiere wurde in den jeweiligen Gar-
tenabteilungen der Örtlichkeiten und hier insbeson-
dere an den Fenstern und (Glas-)Türen gefunden.
Erwähnenswert sind hier insbesondere die häufig
beobachteten sehr großen Individuenzahlen von bis
über 1000 Tieren.

Holocnemus pluchei in Deutschland

25

Tab. 1 : Holocnemus pluchei in Getränkemärkten in Deutschland
Tab. 1 : Holocnemus pluchei in beverage Stores in Germany

Anzahl Tiere

Datum

Fundort (MTB/TK25), Details

Koordinaten, m ü. NN

7c?, 3?,
ca. 20 juv.

23.10.2012

Neubrandenburg (2445), Fenster Eingangsbereich, in
Gebäudeecken und an einer Lagertür

53.5236°N, 13.2625°E, 65 m

3<?, 3$,
7 juv.

28.12.2012

Spaichingen (7918), Fenster und Decke an verschiedenen
Stellen im Markt

48.0680°N, 8.7505°E, 673 m

3 juv.

15.02.2013

Berlin Treptow- Köpenick (3546), Fenster, leg. J. Neumann 52.4908°N, 13.4580°E, 35 m

5c?, 59,

8 juv.

15.02.2013

Berlin Treptow- Köpenick (3547), Fenster und Decke an
verschiedenen Stellen im Markt, leg. J. Neumann

52.4250°N, 13.5277°E, 37 m

2c?, 69,

8 juv.

10.03.2013

Winsen (Luhe) (2627), Fenster Eingangsbereich, Decke
an verschiedenen Stellen im Markt

53.3622°N, 10.1944°E, 4 m

1«?

11.03.2013

Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (3445), Decke

52.5072°N, 13.3177°E, 35 m

19

11.03.2013

Tempelhof-Schöneberg (3446), Decke

52.5011°N, 13.3441°E, 34 m

lc?, 39,

2 juv.

11.03.2013

Berlin Mitte (3446), Decke

52.5200°N, 13.3416°E, 36 m

29

11.03.2013

Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (3545), Decke

52.4922°N, 13.3075°E, 38 m

2c?, 59,
3 juv.

11.03.2013

Berlin Tempelhof-Schöneberg (3546), Fenster und
Decke an verschiedenen Stellen im Markt

52.4755°N, 13.3408°E, 40 m

6c?, 89,

10 juv.

11.03.2013

Berlin Tempelhof-Schöneberg (3546), Fenster und
Decke an verschiedenen Stellen im Markt

52.4805°N, 13.3444°E, 39 m

1 juv.

12.03.2013

Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (3445), Fenster

52.5113°N, 13.3141°E, 35 m

19

12.03.2013

Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (3445), Decke

52.5191°N, 13.2572°E, 56 m

lc?, 1 juv.

12.03.2013

Berlin Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf (3445), Fenster

52.5111°N, 13.3147°E, 37 m

3c?, 49,
19 juv.

12.03.2013

Berlin Tempelhof-Schöneberg (3445), Decke und
Regale an verschiedenen Stellen im Markt

52.5075°N, 13.2986°E, 35 m

2c?, 29, 3 juv.

12.03.2013

Berlin Wilmersdorf (3545), Fenster

52.4952°N, 13.3241°E, 35 m

2 juv.

02.04.2013

Rottweil (7917), Fenster

48.0716°N, 8.6294°E, 720 m

3 c?, 29, 7 juv.

02.04.2013

Rottweil (7817), Fenster

48.1597°N, 8.6302°E, 595 m

insgesamt >20

03.04.2013

Singen (Hohentwiel) (8219), Fenster

47.7530°N, 8.8458°E, 428 m

Diskussion

Holocnemus pluchei ist ursprünglich eine im Mittel-
meerraum, wahrscheinlich mehr mittel- und ostme-
diterran als holomediterran, verbreitete Art (Brignoli
1971a). Dort lebt sie vor allem zwischen Steinblö-
cken in trockenem Gelände (Nentwig et al. 2014), ist
aber auch häufig zwischen Feigenkakteen zu finden
(Bellmann 2001). Für Kreta berichten Eikamp & Klu-
ge (2007), dass H. pluchei dort häufig im Eingangs-
bereichen von Höhlen (siehe auch Brignoli 1971b),
Kellern oder verfallenen Gebäuden anzutreffen ist.
Häufig findet man die Art in Südeuropa zudem auch
synanthrop in Häusern lebend (Brignoli 1971b).

Der erste Fund von H. pluchei in Deutschland
gelang nach Staudt (2014) bereits in den 1960er Jah-
ren (Beleg von E. Kullmann in der Sammlung des
Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn). Der
erste publizierte Fund stammt allerdings aus einem
Parkhaus in Köln (Jäger 1995). Weitere Tiere wurden
in den Folgejahren in Parkhäusem in Mannheim und
Mainz festgestellt. Im Jahre 2012 wurde zudem eine
weitere Population im Parkhaus am Mainzer Theater
nachgewiesen (Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Natur-
forschung 2012). In jüngster Zeit wurden Funde von
H. pluchei vor allem aus dem Südwesten Deutsch-
lands verstärkt gemeldet (Staudt 2014, Abb. 1). Den

26

N. Reiser &J. Neumann

Abb. 1: Nachweise von Holocnemus pluchei in Deutschland
(nach Staudt 2014) (schwarze Punkte: neue Nachweise aus die-
ser Arbeit, weiße Punkte: sonstige Nachweise)

Fig. 1 : Records of Holocnemus pluchei in Germany (after Staudt
2014) (black dots: new records presented here, white dots: oth-
er records)

bislang nordöstlichsten Fundort in Deutschland stell-
te der Botanische Garten in Potsdam dar (Kielhom
2009). Für Berlin, Hamburg, Niedersachsen und
Mecklenburg- Vorpommern sind die hier präsen-
tierten Funde daher jeweils Erstnachweise. Neben
Deutschland liegen seit einigen Jahren auch aus an-
deren mitteleuropäischen Ländern wie z. B. Öster-
reich, Belgien (Le Peru 2011), Polen (Rozwalka &
Stachowicz 2010) und den Niederlanden (van Hels-
dingen 2010) Nachweise von H. pluchei vor.

Die genauen Einschleppungswege in die un-
tersuchten Getränke- und Baumärkte sind bislang
nicht bekannt. Unter Umständen könnten die Tiere
durch Getränkelieferungen aus mediterranen Gebie-
ten (bspw. Wein) in Getränkemärkte immer wieder
neu eingeschleppt werden. Es ist sicher, dass in vie-
len Märkten zudem eine Reproduktion stattfindet,
da oftmals Tiere in allen Größenstadien gefunden
wurden. Für mindestens drei der untersuchten Ge-

tränkemarktketten ist bekannt, dass zentrale Geträn-
kesammellager genutzt werden. Es wäre möglich,
dass dort ebenfalls bereits eine Population von H.
pluchei besteht und von dort aus immer wieder Tiere
in die entsprechenden Filialen eingeschleppt werden.
Im Gegensatz zu Getränkemärkten ist ein Fund von
H. pluchei in einem Baumarkt bereits dokumentiert
(Rozwalka & Stachowicz 2010). Wie die Tiere in die
Märkte gelangen ist allerdings auch hier nicht wei-
ter dokumentiert worden. Rozwalka & Stachowicz
(2010) vennuten, dass H. pluchei womöglich mit
Topfpflanzen oder Gartenzubehör eingeschleppt
werden. Jäger (2000) gibt an, dass auch eine Ein-
schleppung durch Gemüse, Obst oder Zierpflanzen
aus mediterranen Region wahrscheinlich ist. Unsere
Funde zeigen, dass H. pluchei oftmals in den Gar-
tenabteilungen der jeweiligen Baumärkte gefunden
wurde, w eshalb Zierpflanzen als Einschleppungsme-
dium eine besondere Bedeutung zukommen könnte.
Da die meisten Individuen in unmittelbarer Fenster-
nähe gefunden wurden, könnten die vermehrten Fun-
de in den Gartenabteilungen allerdings auch darauf
zurückzuführen sein, dass hier oftmals der einzige
Bereich ist, in dem eine natürliche Lichtquelle vor-
handen ist. Dies stützt die Beobachtung von Jäger
(2000), der daraus schlussfolgerte, dass H. pluchei
photophil ist. Die im Rahmen der Untersuchung in
einem Großteil der Märkte gefundenen sehr großen
Individuenzahlen sowie Jungtiere lassen auch hier
keinen Zweifel zu, dass sich die Art erfolgreich in
Baumärkten reproduziert. Da in allen Märkten in der
Regel nur sehr wenige Stellen der Gebäudewände
und -ecken frei einsehbar waren, ist zu vennuten.
dass die jeweiligen vorhandenen Populationen noch
weit mehr Tiere umfassen.

Danksagung

Wir danken Herrn Dr. sc. Dieter Martin, Theo Blick sowie
den Gutachtern der Arachnologischen Mitteilungen für
die Beratung und kritische Durchsicht des Manuskriptes.
Herrn Aloysius Staudt möchten wir für das Erstellen der
Nachweiskarte unseren Dank aussprechen.

Literatur

Bellmann H 2001 Kosmos-Atlas Spinnentiere Europas.

Frankh-Kosmos, Stuttgart. 304 S.

Brignoli PM 1971a Note sui Pholcidae d'ltalia (Araneac).

- Fragmenta Entomologica 7: 79-101
Brignoli PM 1971h Beitrag zur Kenntnis der mediterranen
Pholcidae (Arachnida, Araneac). - Mitteilungen aus dem
Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 47: 255-267 - doi:
10.1 002/m in n z. 1 9 7 1 04 70203

Holocnemus pluchei in Deutschland

27

Tab. 2: Holocnemus pluchei in Baumärkten in Deutschland
Tab. 2: Holocnemus pluchei in do-it-yourself Stores in Germany

Anzahl Tiere

Datum

Fundort (MTB/TK25), Details

Koordinaten, m ü. NN

1 juv.

27.10.2012

Neubrandenburg (2445), Fenster Eingangsbereich

53.5247°N, 13.2666°E, 62 m

insgesamt

>400

30.10.2012

Berlin Treptow-Köpenick (3547), Fenster und Regale
an verschiedenen Stellen im Markt, leg. J. Neumann.

52.4300°N, 13.5505°E, 35 m

2<5, 3?. 5 juv.

24.11.2012

Berlin Tempelhof-Schöneberg (3446), Erdgeschoss
an Türe zu Außenbereich

52.5036°N, 13.3438°E. 35 m

1 juv.

01.12.2012

Neubrandenburg (2445), Regalfuß Baustoffabteilung

53.5863°N, 13.2708°E, 17 m

2 juv.

07.12.2012

Berlin Lichtenberg (3447), Regal Baustoffabteilung,
Fenster Pflanzenabteilung

52.5333°N. 13.5008°E, 58 m

insgesamt

>300

09.12.2012

Berlin Treptow-Köpenick (3647), Türen und Regale
an verschiedenen Stellen im Markt, leg. J. Neumann

52.3977°N, 13.5447°E, 48 m

22. 2 juv.

22.12.2012

Balingen (7719), Fenster

48.2625°N, 8.85 13°E, 530 m

insgesamt >50

22.12.2012

Mannheim Käfertal (6417). Fenster an verschiedenen
Stellen im Markt, Decke Holzabteilung

49.5161°N. 8.5086°E. 99 m

insgesamt

>300

28.12.2012

Rottweil (7817), Fenster, Pflanzen und Regale
Gartenabteilung

48. 1441°N, 8.6375°E, 596 m

insgesamt

>1000

31.12.2012

Villingen-Schwenningen (7917), Fenster, Pflanzen und
Regale Gartenabteilung

48.0825°N, 8.5002°E, 765 m

insgesamt >15

23.01.2013

Berlin Friedrichshain (3446), Fenster und Regale,
leg. J. Neumann

52.5222°N, 13.4652°E, 48 m

insgesamt

>200

08.02.2013

Hamburg Wandsbek (2426), Fenster und Regale an
verschiedenen Stellen im Markt

53.5769°N, 10.0808°E, 14 m

insgesamt >20

08.02.2013

Hamburg Harburg (2525), Türen an verschiedenen
Stellen im Markt

53.4597°N, 9.9936°E, 5 m

2 juv.

02.04.2013

Zimmern ob Rottweil (7817), Regal in Gartenabteilung

48.1702°N, 8.5738°E, 707 m

Eikamp H &c Kluge U 2007 Holocnemus pluchei - Ho-
plopholcus labyrinthi Stygopholcus photophlus Familie
Pholcidae, Zitterspinnen. Umweltbürgerinfo NAOM-
Merkblatt-Nr. 012.07: 1-2 - Internet: http://www.
kreta-umweltforum.de/Merkblaetter/012-07%20-%20
Zitterspinnen.pdf (9.12.2014)

Helsdingen PJ van 2010 Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763)
in Nederland (Araneae, Pholcidae). - Nieuwsbrief
Spined 29: 27

Jäger P 1995 Erstnachweis von Holocnemus pluchei und
zweiter Nachweis von Nesticus eremita fcir Deutschland in
Köln (Araneae: Pholcidae, Nesticidae).- Arachnologische
Mitteilungen 10: 20-22 - doi: 10.5431/aramitl006
Jäger P 2000 Selten nachgewiesene Spinnenarten aus Deutsch-
land (Arachnida: Araneae). - Arachnologische Mittei-
lungen 19: 49-57 - doi: 10.5431/aramitl907
Kielhorn K-H 2009 Neu- und Wiederfunde von Webspin-
nen (Araneae) in Berlin und Brandenburg, Teil 2.- Mär-
kische Entomologische Nachrichten 11(1): 101-116
Le Peru B 2011 The spiders of Europe, a synthesis of data:
Volume 1 Atypidae to Theridiidae. - Memoires de la
Societe linneenne de Lyon 2: 1-522
Nentwig W, BlickT, Gloor D, Hänggi A &c Kropf C (2014):
Araneae, Spinnen Europas (Bestimmungsschlüssel).

Version 10.2014. Universität Bern. - Internet: http://
www.araneae.unibe.ch (10.10.2014)

Reiser N 2013 Einschleppung und Einwanderung von
Spinnentieren (Araneae; Opiliones) in Deutschland. Ba-
chelorarbeit, Neubrandenburg. 126 S. - Internet: http://
digibib.hs-nb.de/resolve?id=dbhsnb_thesis_0000001034

(9.12.2014)

Rozwalka R Sc Stachowicz J 2010 Holocnemus pluchei
(Scopoli, 1763) - new for Poland introduced species of
pholcid spider (Araneae: Pholcidae). - Annales Uni-
versitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska Sectio C, Biologia
65(2): 73-78

Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2012
Die Spinnen kommen mit dem Bus. Sencken-
berg Forschungsinstitut weist neue Spinnenarten in
Deutschland nach. Pressemeldung vom 2 6.01.2012.
- Internet: http://www.senckenberg.de/files/content/
presse_joerdens/2012_01_26_pm_neue_spinnenarten_
in_deutschland.pdf (2.10.2014)

Staudt A [Koord.] 2014 Nachweiskarten der Spinnen-
tiere Deutschlands (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones,
Pseudoscorpiones). - Internet: http://spiderling.de/
arages/Verbreitungskarten/species.php?name=holplu

(14.12.2014)

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: 28-37

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

Cave-inhabiting pseudoscorpion species of the genus Roncus (Pseudoscorpiones:
Neobisiidae) from Western Greece, including the lonian Islands

Volker Mahnert & Giulio Gardini

doi: 1 0.543 1/aramit4806

Abstract.Three new species of the genus Roncus L. Koch, 1873 are described and figured: Roncus gasparoi n.sp. from
Corfu (Spilaio Anthropograva), Roncus pieperi n.sp. from Kefalonia (caves Fitidi and Drogarati) and Roncus giachinoi
n.sp. from Continental Greece, Arkanania (Megalo Spilio).

Keywords: Arkanania, Corfu, Kefalonia, new species, taxonomy

Zusammenfassung. Höhlenbewohnende Pseudoskorpionarten der Gattung Roncus (Pseudoscorpiones: Neo-
bisiidae) aus West-Griechenland, einschließlich der Ionischen Inseln. Drei neue Arten der Gattung Roncus L
Koch, 1873 werden beschrieben und abgebildet: Roncus gasparoi n.sp. von Korfu (Spilaio Anthropograva), Roncus
pieperi n.sp. von Kefalonia (Grotten Fitidi und Drogarati) und Roncus giachinoi n.sp. vom kontinentalen Griechen-
land, Arkanania (Megalo Spilio).

Speleological investigations of the lonian Islands
and the Western part of Greece started quite recently,
compared to the efforts applied to adjacent regions.
Schawaller (1985) presented a list of Greek Neobisi-
idae including the cave-dwelling species and indica-
ted for the region five species and subspecies of the
genus Roncus L. Koch: Roncus c. corcyraeus Beier, 1963
(Corfu, cave Peristerograva; but also from the cave
Megali Grava no.3553 near Loutses: Gardini 1988);
Roncus (Parablothrus) peramae Helversen, 1969 (Pe-
rama cave near Ioannina, Epirus, Continental Gree-
ce); Roncus corcyraeus minor Mahnert, 1973a (Levkas,
cave Karoucha); Roncus giganteus Mahnert, 1973b
(Zakynthos, cave tou Chajoti: Mahnert 1975); Ron-
cus lubricus auct. (Peloponnese, cave Ton Limnon,
20 km south Kalavrita, and Kefalonia, cave Phytidi
(=Fitidi), Sami: Mahnert 1975), but this identificati-
on is doubtful and should be revised.

The results obtained during the intensive speleo-
logical investigations on the lonian Islands and ad-
jacent mainland regions carried out over years by Dr
P. M. Giachino (Torino) and Dr F. Gasparo (Trieste)
and the collections obtained by Dr and Mrs H. Pieper
(Schwcntincntal) are filling up some gaps.They indi-
cate, furthermore, that more fascinating discoveries
are waiting to be made in the caves of this region.

Volker MAHNERT, Museum d'histoire naturelle, Ville de Gen£ve, case
postale, 121 1 Geneva 6, Switzerland, e-mail: volker.mahnert@wanadoo.fr
Giulio GARDINI, via Monte Corno 1 2/1, 16166 Genova, Italy,
e-mail: giuliogardini@libero.it

iubmitted 07.11.201 4, accepted 17.12.201 4, online 23.12.2014

Material and methods

Specimens are conserved in 75% ethanol alcohol.
Dissected parts are conserved in microvials together
with the specimen. Proportions are given in length/
breadth for pedipalps and carapace, in length/depth
for legs; measurements are given in mm. The holo-
types of the new species are deposited in the coll-
ections of the Natural History Museum Geneva
(Switzerland), paratypes are in the collections of the
Natural History Museum Geneva, of the Museo Ci-
vico di Scienze Naturali “E. Caffi” Bergamo and in
the collection Giulio Gardini (Genova).

Arrangement of the species is in alphabetic order
of their geographical origin.

Taxonomy

Roncus giachinoi n.sp. (Fig. la-h)

Specimens studied

Holotype, 1? (Mus. Geneva), GREECE, Akar-
nania, Oros Serekas Mt., Monastiraki, 980 m, cave
Megalo Spilio (N 38°46’06.17E 20°57’22.3”), in
cheese-baited traps, 2.VI.1992, leg. P.M. Giachino.
Paratypes, 39 (Mus. Geneva, Bergamo, coli. Gardi-
ni), same data; 49 (Mus. Geneva, coli. Gardini), same
cave, 1. VI. 1993, leg. P.M. Giachino; 19 (Mus. Berga-
mo), same cave, 1000 m, 1. VI. 1994, leg. P.M. Giachi-
no; 1(5 (Mus. Geneva), same cave, 1000 m, 30 meters
from entrance, under concretion, 1. IX. 2004, leg. F.
Gasparo.

Cave-inhabiting Roncus in Greece

29

Etymology

Named in honour of Dr Pier Mauro Giachino, ento-
mologist and biospeleologist of the Museo regionale
Torino.

Diagnosis

Morphologically close to R. peramae and R. pieperi
n.sp., but is characterized by the combination of the
following characters. Troglobiont habitus. Carapace
with an acute triangulär epistome, subbasal transverse
furrow indistinct, eyes absent, with 20 setae (4/8/4/4)
(6 in pieperi n.sp. and peramae)-, tergites I-IV: 4/4-5
/ 6/ 6 (I-II 6/6-7 'm. pieperi n.sp. and peramae)-, anterior
process of coxa I finger-like, apex indistinctly dentate;
chelicera with 5-6 setae on hand, movable finger with
large triangulär tooth in the tooth row, spinneret ab-
sent. Pedipalps slender, femur with a few indistinct
granula in basal half, 6. 9-7. 6 times longer than broad,
patella smooth, 5. 7-6. 5 times, club 1.3 times longer
than pedicel, hand with pedicel 2. 2-2. 6 times, chela
with pedicel 6. 4-7.0 (<5 7.5) times longer than broad,
finger 1.8-1. 9 times longer than hand with pedicel
(1.5-1. 6 times in pieperi n.sp.); 1-3 fine setae distal of
eb-esb\ tibia of leg IV shorter than femur+patella.

Description

General colouration yellowish, last abdominal Seg-
ments whitish. Carapace (Fig. la) 1.1-1. 3 times
longer than broad, with a small triangulär, acute
epistome, subbasal transverse furrow indistinct, eyes
absent, with (19)20 setae (4/(7-)8/4/4). Tergal cha-
etotaxy: I-IV 4/4-5/6/6-7, following ones mostly
with 7(8) setae, XI 6-7 (4 tactile setae). Manducatory
process: 4 setae (1? 3 on left side), pedipalpal coxa
itself with 7-8 setae, coxa I with finger-like anterior
lobe, rounded apex indistinctly dentate, medial proc-
ess rounded, rectangular (Fig. lf), smooth, 6-7 setae,
II 6-8, III 4-5, IV 6-8; genital operculum with 10-11
short setae arranged in two rows in female, in male
with 20 long setae arranged in two semicircular rows,
median cribriform plate small, rounded, lateral plates
not observed; entrance of male genital opening with
2/2 short internal setae; genital organ without partic-
ularities; sternal chaetotaxy: III 12-15 marginal setae
(male with 6 medial discal setae) + 3-4 suprastigmal
setae on each side, IV 8-10 + 2x2-3, IV -X mostly
12-13 setae, XI 4-6(?) (2 tactile setae). Anal conus
2+2 setae. Pleural membranes granulär.

Chelicera (Fig. lb) with 5-6 setae on hand (3 out
of 12 chelicera with 5 setae), fixed finger with about

10 acute or rounded, worn teeth (partly indistinct),
movable finger with a large triangulär tooth (round-
ed or dentate) in the tooth row, with about 6 rounded
teeth proximal to it, subgaleal seta reaching finger tip,
spinneret absent, but three glandular ducts visible;
serrula exterior with 38-40, serrula interior with SO-
SO lamellae; rallum (Fig. lc) with 8 dentate setae, the
proximal one 1/4 of length of the preceding one.

Pedipalps (Fig. Id) of female (male) slender, tro-
chanter with an indistinct ventral hump in distal half,
smooth, femur club-shaped, in basal half scarcely
and indistinctly granulär, 6. 9-7. 5 (7.6) times, patella
5. 7-6. 5 (6.3) times longer than broad, club 3. 3-3. 6
(3.6) times longer than broad and 1.3-1. 4 (1.3) times
longer than pedicel, hand with pedicel 2.2-2. 6 (2.6)
times, chela with pedicel 6. 4-7.0 (7.5), without pe-
dicel 6. 1-6. 7 (7.0) times longer than broad, movable
finger 1.8- 1.9 (1.9) times longer than hand with pe-
dicel; fixed finger with 135-147 small cusped teeth,
movable finger with 139-155 cusped teeth (but in
basal third of finger rounded); sensillum p2 near tri-
chobothrium st and indistinctly distal of^>;, two ven-
tral glandular pores present between b/sb and below
sb; venom ducts very short. Trichobothria (Fig. le):
eb-esb-ib in a straight line, 0-3 fine setae distal of eb/
esb\ sb distinctly nearer b than st.

Leg I (<??): femur 6.3-6. 8 times longer than deep
and 1.4-1. 5 times longer than patella, patella 4. 8-5. 4
times longer than deep, tibia 8. 8-9.0 times, basitarsus
5. 3-6.0, telotarsus 8. 3-9. 6 times longer than deep,
telotarsus 1.3-1. 4 times longer than basitarsus; leg
IV (Fig. lg lh): femur+patella 6.6-7. 1 times longer
than deep, patella slightly shorter than femur, tibia
10.4-11.3 times, tactile seta near middle (TS=0.41-
0.61), basitarsus 4.8-5. 4 times, tactile seta near base
(TS=0.14-0.17), telotarsus 7. 5-9. 5 times longer than
deep, tactile seta near middle (TS=0.38-0.44), te-
lotarsus 1.3 -1.4 times longer than basitarsus; arolia
short, claws smooth, subterminal seta in distal half
finely dentate on both sides.

Measurements of females (holotype, paratypes)
and male paratype (in brackets). Total length 3.3-
4.1 (3.3). Carapace 1.15-1.19/0.87-1.07 (1.06/1.05).
Pedipalps: trochanter 0.93-1.04/0.26-0.28 (0.91/
0.24), femur 1.93-2.09/0.27-0.28 (1.84/0.24), pa-
tella 1.78-1.91/0.29-0.34 (1.72/0.27), length of
pedicel 0.74-0.84 (0.74), hand with pedicel 1.21-
1.34/0.50-0.57 (1.17/0.45), length of pedicel 0.20-
0.21 (0.19), of movable finger 2.26-2.38 (2.23), of
chela with pedicel 3.40-3.60 (3.33). Leg I: femur

30

V. Mahnert & G. Gardini

Fig. 1: Roncus giachinoi n.sp., holotype. a: Carapace, with enlarged epistome; b: Left chelicera, dentition of movable finger of a pa-
ratype enlarged; c: Rallum; d: Left pedipalp; e: Trichobothrial pattern (without scale) (p)f p,: sensilla; vp: ventral (glandular) pores); f:
Coxa I, anterior corners; g: Leg IV, femur+patella; h: Telotarsus IV, claws and subterminal seta. Scale units 0.1 mm; scale 1 .0 mm: figs
a, d, g.

Cave-inhabiting Roncus in Greece

31

1.11-1.22/0.18 (1.03/0.16), patella 0.74-0.80/0.15-
0.16 (0.73/0.15), tibia 1.01-1.06/0.12 (0.92/0.10),
basitarsus 0.56-0.60/0.10-0.11 (0.54/0.09), telo-
tarsus 0.73-0.81/0.08-0.09 (0.72/0.09); leg IV:
femur+patella 1.75-1.89/0.26-0.28 (1.68/0.24), tibia
1.71-1.82/0.16-0.17 (1.64/0.14), basitarsus 0.66-0
.70/0.13-0.14 (0.62/0.12), telotarsus 0.86-0.91/0.10-
0.12 (0.87/0.10).

Discussion

The species had already been recorded from this cave
as Roncus sp. cfr R. peramae Helversen, det. G. Gar-
dini (Casale et al. 2013). Roncus giachinoi n.sp. sha-
res with R. peramae similar pedipalpal proportions
and measurements, the presence of a large triangulär
(dentate) tooth in the tooth row on the cheliceral
movable finger, a similar trichobothrial pattem ( ist
at level of st on movable finger, isb nearly at level
of sb on movable finger), but differs mainly by the
presence of only 4 setae (vs. 6) on the posterior bor-
der of carapace and on tergites I (and II) and the
shape of the anterior lateral corner of coxa I being
finger-like and indistinctly dentate in giachinoi and
acute triangulär in peramae. The pedipalpal hand
seems to be more slender in giachinoi n.sp. than in
peramae (2. 3-2. 6 vs. 2. 2-2. 3). It differs from pieperi
n.sp. by a more slender pedipalpal femur (max. 6.4
vs. min. 6.9 times) and its indistinct granulation, by a
more slender club of patella ( 3.25-3.63 vs. 2.45-2.61
times) and a relatively shorter patellar pedicel (1.28-
1.39 vs. 1.09-1.16 times) compared to club length.
Roncus giachinoi is furthermore differentiated from
R. pieperi by relatively longer chelal fingers compared
to hand length (1.77-1.91 vs. 1.53-1.58 times).

Faunistic research in the cave Megalo Spilio
yielded up to now nine described species of Acari
(1), Araneae (2), Orthoptera (1) and Coleoptera (6),
representing an elevated number of endemic taxa
(Casale et al. 2013). Our current knowledge about
pseudoscorpions from Greece is too poor to elaborate
interesting biogeographical models, but it is already
possible to finds analogies to results emphasized by
Casale et al. (2013) or to results obtained for the genus
T)olichopoda (Orthoptera) by Rampini et al. (2008).

Roncus gasparoi n.sp. (Fig.2 a-f)

Specimens studied

Holotype, 1? , GREECE, Ionian Islands, Corfu,
Klimatia, Spilaio Anthropograva n. 562, alt. 250

m, 39.7431°N, 19.7868°”E; under stones 20 meters
from entrance, 29. VI. 2000, leg. F. Gasparo. Paratype,
1<5 (coll.Gardini), same locality, same date, leg. F.
Gasparo.

Etymology

The new species is dedicated to Dr Fulvio Gasparo,
who spent a life-time contributing towards a better
knowledge of speleology and biospeleology in the
South European region.

Diagnosis

Morphologically near Roncus giachinoi n.sp. and R.
peramae , but it is characterized by the combination of
the following characters. Troglobiont species charac-
terized by feeble sclerotization, by the absence of eyes
and by the elongated pedipalps and legs. Carapace
with a small epistome with rounded apex, a subba-
sal transverse furrow present; with 4 or 6 setae on
posterior border (4 in giachinoi n.sp., 6 in peramae)-,
tergites I/II with 4-5/5 -6 setae (4/4-5 in giachinoi

n. sp., 6/6-7 in peramae)\ chelicera with 5 or 6 smooth
setae on hand, movable finger with an enlarged trian-
gulär and dentate tooth in the tooth row, rallum with
10-11 dentate setae (7-8 setae in the other species),
two proximal setae short; pedipalpal femur and hand
smooth, pedipalpal femur club-shaped, 8. 8-9.1 times
longer than broad (length 2.29-2.40) (at most 7.6
times in giachinoi n.sp. and peramae), patella 7.9-8.2
times (length 2. 20-2.31), club 1.1-1. 2 times longer
than pedicel, finger 1.8 times longer than hand with
pedicel (length 2.68-2.82/1.46-1.53) and distinctly
longer than femur, chela with pedicel 9. 7-9. 9 times
longer than broad; 1-3 fine setae distal of trichoboth-
ria eb-esb\ tibia of leg IV longer than femur+patella.

Description

General colouration yellowish. Carapace 1.1 -1.2
times longer than broad, epistome small with roun-
ded apex, no subbasal transverse furrow observed,
with 20 (holotype) or 23 (paratype) setae: 4/6-7/6/4
(holotype)-6. Tergites undivided, chaetotaxy: 4-5/5-
6/6-7/6-7, V-X 7, XI 7 (4 tactile setae) (holotype: I
4, II 5). Manducatory process with 3-4 (holotype) or
3 (paratype) setae, pedipalpal coxa itself with 8 setae,
coxa I 6-7 setae, lateral corner finger-like with apex
finely dentate, medial corner rectangular, rounded, II
7-9, III 5-6, IV 8-9; genital operculum with about
20 medial discal setae, genital entrance with 2/2
smooth, slightly curved setae; genital organs not ob-

32

V. Mahnert &Q. Gardini

Fig. 2: Roncus gasparoi n.sp., holotype. a: Right chelicera; b: Rallum; c: Left pedipalp; d: Trichobothrial pattern (without scale) (pt, p2:
sensilla; vp: ventral (glandular) pore); e: Leg IV, femur+patella; f:Telotarsus IV, claw and subterminal seta. Scale units 0.1 mm; scale

1.0mm:figsc, e.

served; sternal chaetotaxy: III with 11-12 marginal
and 6 medial discal setae + 2x3-4 suprastigmal setae,
IV 10+2x3, V-X 11 or 12 setae, XI 3-4 (2 tactile se-
tae). Pleural membranes granulär.

Chelicera (big. 2a) with 6 (holotype) or 5 (para-
type) setae on hand, subgaleal seta on movablc fingcr
reaching tip of finger, fixed fingcr with about 15-17
roundcd, partly indistinct teeth, movahle finger with

6-9 basal teeth, one broad large dentate tooth and a
few distal rudimentary ones, spinneret absent, serrula
exterior with 39-40, s. inferior with 32-33 lamellae,
rallum (Fig. 2b) with 10 (holotype) or 11 dentate se-
tae, two proximal ones short.

Pedipalps (Fig. 2c) smooth,trochanter with small,
indistinct ventral hump in distal half, 3.9 (holotype)
(paratype 3.9) times longer than broad, femur slen-

Cave-inhabiting Roncus in Greece

33

der club-shaped, 9.1 (8.8) times, patella 7.9 (8.2)
times, club 4.2 (4.5) times longer than broad and 1.1
(1.2) times longer than pedicel, hand with pedicel
3.5 (3.6) times, chela with pedicel 9.7 (9.9) times,
without pedicel 9.3 (9.3) times longer than broad;
finger 1.8 (1.8) times longer than hand with pedicel;
fixed finger with 175 (176) small cusped teeth, mov-
able finger with 175 (169) teeth, those in basal finger
third rounded.Trichobothria (Fig. 2d): ib indistinctly
distal of esb, 1-3 fine setae distal of ebl esb\ trichoboth-
rium sb nearer to b than to st, st distincdy nearer to
t than to sb, sensillum^y at base of tooth lamella on
movable finger nearer to st than to sb, sensillum p be-
tween p , and st, apparently only one ventral glandular
pore distal sb\ venom ducts very short.

Leg I: femur 7.9 (7.5) times longer than deep and
1.4 times longer than patella, patella 6.7 (6.6) long-
er than deep, tibia 11.7 (12.1) times, basitarsus 7.6
(6.6) times, telotarsus 10.4 (9.5) times longer than
deep, telotarsus 1.2 times longer than basitarsus; leg
IV (Fig. 2e, 2f): femur+patella 8.8 (9.0) times longer
than deep, femur as long as or indistinctly shorter
than patella, tibia 14.8 (14.6) times, one tactile seta
near middle (TS=0.43/0.31), basitarsus 7.0 (6.8)
times, tactile seta basal (TS=0. 11/0.13), telotarsus
9.9 (9.7) times longer than deep, tactile seta near
middle (TS=0.49/0.51), telotarsus 1.2 (1.2) times
longer than basitarsus. Subterminal seta finely den-
tate in distal half, claws slender, with a tiny dorsal
denticle in proximal half, arolia short.

Measurements of holotype (paratype). Total
length 3.67 (4.31). Carapace 1.16/1.05 (1.26/1.05).
Pedipalps: trochanter 1.04/0.27 (1.10/0.28), fe-
mur 2.29/0.25 (2.40/0.27), patella 2.20/0.28

(2.31/0.28), length of pedicel 1.04 (1.03), hand with
pedicel 1.46/0.41 (1.53/0.42), pedicel 0.21 (0.23),
length of finger 2.68 (2.82), of chela with pedicel
4.03 (4.16). Leg I: femur 1.39/0.18 (1.41/0.19),
patella 1.01/0.15 (1.04/0.16), tibia 1.33/0.11

(1.44/0.12), basitarsus 0.80/0.11 (0.77/0.12), telo-
tarsus 0.92/0.09 (0.93/0.10); leg IV: femur+patella
2.21/0.25 (2.31/0.26), tibia 2.29/0.16 (2.44/0.17),
basitarsus 0.91/0.13 (0.94/0.14), telotarsus 1.13/0.11
(1.12/0.12).

Discussion

This new species is differentiated from all other spe-
cies from this geographical region by the very slen-
der pedipalpal segments (e.g. femur 8. 8-9.1 times;
patella 7. 9-8. 2 times longer than broad), but it sha-

res with the here recorded species the presence of a
large triangulär (dentate, but frequendy worn) distal
tooth in the tooth row on movable cheliceral finger,
the general structure of the rallum (the proximal seta
very short compared to the preceding one), even if
the number in gasparoi is distincdy higher (10-11 vs
7-8) and a similar trichobothrial pattern. It shares
with R. giachinoi n.sp. the presence of only 4 setae
on posterior border of carapace and anterior tergites,
even if some variability is observable in R. gasparoi
n.sp. Roncus gestroi Beier, 1930 from Northern Italy
is characterized by somewhat less slender pedipalps
(femur 6. 1-8.3 times, patella usually 6. 1-6.6 times
longer than broad, but in a few populations 4. 7-4. 9
times, e.g. from Sprugola di Campastrino, Liguria),
but differs by a longer patellar pedicel (in most cases
longer than club or as long as club, but in some popu-
lations the club is 1.1- 1.2 times longer than pedicel:
e.g. Tanna de Strie, Liguria) and measurements (e.g.
femur length max. 1.93 mm vs. min. 2.29 mm) (Gar-
dini &Rizzerio 1986, Gardini 1993: 420-421).

Roncus pieperi n.sp. (Fig. 3a-g)

Specimens studied

Holotype 6, GREECE, Ionian Islands, Kefalonia,
cave “Fitidi” (Phytidi) near Karavolymos near Sami,
(coordinates unknown), 24. IV. 1998, leg. H. Pieper;
ESE (=Hellenic Speleological Society HSS) number
3500, “grotte aux vestiges prehistoriques” (Google
maps Kefalonia 83). Paratypes, 2<5 (Mus. Geneva,
coli. Gardini), Greece, Kefalonia, Sami, Spilaio
Drogarati, no. 72, 38.2270°N, 20.6284°E, 40-50 me-
ters from entrance, 15. VI. 2004, leg. F. Gasparo.
Etymology

Named in honour of Dr Harald Pieper who first
collected the species and who has been interested in
pseudoscorpion taxonomy and faunistics for many
years.

Diagnosis

Morphologically near Roncus per amae, but it differs by
the combination of the following characters.Troglo-
biont species characterized by feeble sclerotization,
the absence of eyes and by the elongated pedipalps
and legs; carapace with a small, but distinct triangulär
epistome, subbasal transverse furrow present; lateral
corner of coxa I spine-like; chelicera with 6 smooth
setae on hand, movable finger with a large triangulär
dentate tooth in the tooth row, rallum with 7-8 den-

34

V. Mahnert & G. Gardini

Fig. 3: Roncus pieperi n.sp., holotype. a: Carapace, epistome enlarged; b: Left chelicera; c: Rallum; d: Left pedipalp; e:Trichobothrial
pattern (without scale) (p,, p2: sensilla; vp: ventral (glandular) pore); f: Coxa I, anterior corners; g: Telotarsus IV, claw and subterminal
seta (without scale). Scale units 0.1 mm; scale 1 .0 mm: d.

täte setae, the proximal short. Pedipalpal femur and
hand partly granulär, pedipalpal femur club-shaped,
5.90-6.4 times longer than broad (length 1.73-1.93),
patella 4. 2-4. 9 times (length 1.63- 1.71) (5.7-6. 1
times in R. peramae ), pcdicel nearly as long as club,
finger 1.5- 1.6 times longer than hand with pedicel
(length 1.94-2.00/1.26-1.27) and as long as or dis-
tinctly longer than femur, chela with pedicel 5. 5-6.0
times longer than broad; 2 fine setae present distal
of trichobothrium eb\ tibia of leg IV shorter than
fcmur+patella.

Description

Carapace and pedipalps reddish brown, segments
and legs yellowish. Carapace (Fig. 3a) without eyes
or eye-spots, 1.1 -1.2 times longer than broad, epis-
tome distinct, small triangulär, a subbasal transver-
sal furrow present, with 22-23 setae (4/8-10/4/6).
Tergites undivided, chaetotaxy: 6/6-7/8-9/8-9/9-10
/8-9/10/10/1 1/9/6-7(4 tactile setae). Manducatory
process with 4 marginal setae (1<J with 5 on right
lobe), pedipalpal coxa itself with 5-9 setae (includ-
ing 1 tactile seta), coxa I smooth, with a short spine-

Cave-inhabiting Roncus in Greece

35

like lateral corner, medial corner nearly rectangular,
rounded (Fig. 3f), 4-7 setae, II 6-7, III 4-5, IV 5-7;
sternite II with about 16-20 setae, arranged in 2
semicircular rows; genital opening with 2-312-3 in-
ternal smooth setae, sternite III with 8-10 marginal
and 7 medial discal setae, 3 suprastigmal setae (lc?
with 2 on left side); IV 10+ 2x3-4 suprastigmal setae,
V-X: with about 12-13 setae (4 tactile setae), XI 6-8
(4 tactile setae). Pleural membranes granulär.

Chelicera (Fig. 3b): hand with 6 setae, fixed
finger with about 12-18 partly indistinct and worn
teeth, movable finger with one larger triangulär distal
tooth in the tooth row and about 11 indistinct and
worn teeth; spinneret absent; serrula exterior with
37-40 blades; rallum (Fig. 3c) with 8 (1<? 7) setae,
finely dentate in distal half of anterior margin, the
most proximal seta one forth of the length of the pre-
ceding one.

Pedipalps of holotype (Fig. 3d) ) (paratypes): tro-
chanter 3.3 (3. 3-3. 5) times longer than broad, a small
ventral hump present, femur club-shaped, finely
granulär medially in basal half (one paratype over the
whole length), but without coarser granula, holotype

6.4 (5. 9-6.0) times longer than broad, patella smooth,
4.2 (4.9) times longer than broad, club 1.1 (1.1-1. 2)
times longer than pedicel and 2.5 (2.6) times longer
than broad, hand medio-distally near finger base
granulär, with pedicel 2.3 (2.4) times, chela with
pedicel 5.5 (5. 9-6.0) times, without pedicel 5.1 (5.5)
times longer than broad, finger 1.5 (1.5-1. 6) times
longer than hand with pedicel; fixed finger with 121
(114-122), movable finger with 131 (125-129) small,
uniform teeth, the basal ones on movable finger part-
ly without cusp. Trichobothrial pattern (Fig. 3e): two
fine setae distal of trichobothria ebl esb, eb-esb-ib in a
straight line, isb slightly nearer to ib than to ist, est-
it-et nearly equidistant near finger tip; sb on movable
finger halfway between b and st, st nearer to t than to
sb\ sensillum^, nearer sb than st, sensillum p, slightly
distal of it; two ventral glandular pores between b and
sb, but apparently two more distal of sb ; venom ducts
very short.

Leg I: femur 4.9 (4. 8-5.0) times longer than deep
and 1.4 (1.4-1. 5) longer than patella, patella 4.3
(4.0-4.2) times, tibia 6.9 (6. 7-7.4) times, basitarsus

3.4 (4.0-4.45) times, telotarsus 6.7 (6. 6-7.1) times
longer than deep, basitarsus 1.1 (1.5) times longer
than telotarsus; leg IV: femur+patella with vertical
suture, 4.2 (4. 4-5. 2) times, patella indistinctly long-
er than femur, tibia 7.1 (8.6-10.0) times, basitarsus

3.6 (3. 6-3. 9) times, telotarsus 5.7 (6. 9-7.0) times
longer than deep, telotarsus 1.52 (1.54-1.55) times
longer than basitarsus; tibia with a pseudotactile seta
(TS=0. 41/0. 52-0, 57), basitarsus with a basal tactile
seta (TS=0. 17/0.14-0.18), telotarsus with one tactile
seta near segment middle (TS=0.41/0.37-0.39); un-
divided arolia shorter than smooth claws, subtermi-
nal seta smooth, forked (Fig. 3g).

Measurements of holotype (paratypes). To-
tal length 3.6 (3. 8-4. 5); carapace 1.14/0.98 (1.09-
1.12/0.92-0.98). Pedipalps: trochanter 0.99/0.29
(0.96-0.99/0.28-0.30), femur 1.93/0.30 (1.73-
1.76/0.29-0.30), patella 1.67/0.36 (1.63-1.71/0.34-
0.35), length of pedicel 0.79 (0.76-0.82), hand with
pedicel 1.26/0.56 (1.26-1.27/0.53), length of pedicel
0.23 (0.24), length of chela with pedicel 3.09 (3.12-
3.17), length of finger 1.94 (1.98-2.0). Leg I: femur
0.89/0.18 (0.90-0.92/0.18-0.19), patella 0.62/0.14
(0.62-0.63/0.15), tibia 0.79/0.12 (0.81-0.86/0.12),
basitarsus 0.36/0.11 (0.39-0.41/0.09-0.10), telotar-
sus 0.68/0.10 (0.59-0.63/0.09); leg IV: femur+patella
1.45/0.35 (1.39-1.41/0.27-0.32), tibia 1.40/0.20
(1.40-1.41/0.14-0.16), basitarsus 0.47/0.13 (0.45-
0.48/0.12), telotarsus 0.71/0.12 (0.70-0.74/0.10-
0.11).

Discussion

The species had been already mentioned from the
Drogarati cave by Gasparo (2004) as “una nuova spe-
cie ultraevoluta del genere Roncus (det. G. Gardini)”.
Roncus piepen n.sp. is morphologically near to Ron-
cus peramae Helversen, 1969 described from the Pe-
rama cave near Ioannina, Epirus (Greece). The new
species has a similar size, but differs from peramae
by the presence of a distinct subbasal transversal fur-
row on the carapace, a stouter pedipalpal patella (4.2
times vs. 5.7-6. 1 times), with stouter patellar club
(2.5 times vs. 3. 3-3. 5 times longer than broad) and
relatively longer pedicel (club 1.1 times longer than
pedicel vs. 1.3- 1.4 times), and relatively shorter chelal
fingers (1.5 times vs. 2.0 times longer than hand with
pedicel); the trochanteral hump is smaller and less
distinct than in peramae.

The new species seems to be related to an adaptive
group of species having, like Roncus gestroi (from caves
in northern Italy), a club-shaped pedipalpal femur,
granulation is present on the femur and hand, and
the pedicel of the patella is nearly as long as its club.
It differs clearly from gestroi by stouter pedipalps (e.g.
femur 5. 9-6. 4 vs 6. 1-8. 3 times, patella 4.2-4. 9 vs 6.1-

36

V. Mahnert & G. Gardini

6.6 times (4.7-4. 9 in a few populations of R. gestroi )
and other characters. Roncus gestroi takes a particular
Position within all these species having the pedicel of
patella distinctly longer than or as long as the club
(ratio club length/pedicel length 0. 8-1.0 times, but
in a few populations 1.1-1. 2 times). Roncus insularis
Beier, 1939 (from the Dalmatian island Brazza) is
smaller in size, possesses stouter pedipalps and has no
distinct epistome on the carapace; Roncus beieri Ca-
poriacco, 1947 from a cave near Siena (Toscana, Ita-
ly) has similar slender pedipalpal proportions, but is
smaller (femur length 1.60 mm vs. 1.93 mm), the pa-
tellar pedicel is relatively shorter (Gardini &c Rizzerio
1986). Some recently described species (e.g. Roncus
talason Curcic et al, 1993 from Vaskova Dupka Cave,
southeastern Serbia, Roncus jarevid Curcic in Curcic
et al. 2013 from the Gornja Lenovacka Pecina Cave,
Lenovac, or R. crnobog Curcic in Curcic et al. 2013
from the Ogorelicka Pecina Cave, Sicevo, from east-
ern Serbia) might also belong to this group, but differ
clearly from all the new species by stouter pedipalps
(femur at most 5.4 times, patella 3.42 times longer
than broad vs. at least 5.9 times and 4.2 times longer
than broad) and lesser size. Their affinities to Roncus
giganteus and R. corcyraeus ssp. should be verified. In
the last three decades about 58 species or subspecies
of Roncus have been described from the Balkan region
by Curcic and co-workers, most of them being of epi-
gean morphology. Relationships of all those species
must be clarified.

Additional records

Roncus giganteus Mahnert, 1973

Roncus (R.) giganteus Mahnert 1973b: 32-33, Figs
25-34.

Specimens studied

2? 1<3, (coli. Gardini, 1$ Mus. Geneva), GREE-
CE, Zakynthos, Jiri, Spilia tou Chajoti, 37.7956°N,
20.7630°E, 400m, 28.VI.1999, leg. F. Gasparo.

The species has been described from cpigean habitats
on Zakynthos (Mahnert 1973b) and subsequently
recorded from the Spilia tou Chajoti by Mahnert
(1975). The specimens corrcspond perfcctly to the
original description; two fine sctae bctwcen the tri-
chobothria eb-esb ; sensillum p, ncarly halfway bc-
twcen sb and st,f>l slightly distal of it; apparently only
one ventral glandular pore present, nearer to sb than
to b.

Key to the Roncus species recorded from caves in

Western Greece

1 Species without troglomorphic adaptations; pa-

tella of pedipalps stout, at most 2.9 times longer
than broad 2

- Species with distinct troglomorphic adaptations;
patella of pedipalps more slender, at least 4.2
times longer than broad 5

2 Small species, length of pedipalpal femur 0.73-

0.93 mm, of patella 0.59-0.77 mm; femur 3.56-
3.92 times, patella 2.26-2.49 times, chela with
pedicel 3.19-3.52 times longer than broad; cara-
pace without eyes Roncus lubricus auct.

Species of larger size, length of pedipalpal femur
at least 1.06 mm, of patella at least 0.85 mm, pe-
dipalps more slender (femur at least 3.9 times

longer than broad) 3

3 Carapace without eyes or with two small indis-

tinct ones 4

Carapace with two distinct eyes; pedipalpal fe-

mur 4. 3-5.0 times (length 1.46-1.70 mm), patel-
la 2. 5-2. 9 times longer than broad (length 1.10-
1.20 mm) Roncus giganteus Mahnert

4 Length of pedipalpal femur 1.28-1.44 mm, of
patella 1.10-1.20 mm, of chela with pedicel 2.59-
2.77 mm; serrula exterior of chelicera with 39-41

blades Rotrcus c. corcyraeus Beier

Length of pedipalpal femur 1.06-1.07 mm, of
patella 0.85-0.93 mm, of chela with pedicel 1.92-
1.97 mm; serrula exterior of chelicera with 33-35
blades Roncus corcyraeus minor Mahnert

5 Pedipalps very slender, pedipalpal femur at least
6.9 times, patella 5.7 times, chela with pedicel 6.4

times longer than broad 6

Pedipalps less slender, femur 5.9 -6.4 times (length
1.76-1.93 mm), patella 4. 2-4. 9 times (length
1.67-1,71 mm), chela with pedicel 5. 5-6.0 times
longer than broad (length 3.09-3.19 mm)

Roncus pieperi n.sp.

6 Species of large size and very slender pedipalps,

femur 8.8-9. 1 times (length 2.29-2.40 mm), pa-
tella 7. 9-8. 2 times (length 2.20-2.31 mm), che-
la with pedicel 9. 7-9. 9 times longer than broad
(length 4.03-4.16 mm)

Roncus gasparoi n.sp.

Smaller species with slightly stouter pedipalps,
femur at most 7.6 times (length at most 2.09
mm), patella at most 6.5 times (length at most
1.91 mm), chela with pedicel at most 7.5 times
longer than broad (length at most 3.60 mm) . . 7

Cave-inhabiting Roncus in Greece

37

7 Posterior border of carapace and tergite I with
only 4 setae, tergite II with 4-5 setae; lateral Cor-
ner of coxa I finger-like and indistinctly dentate

Roncus giachinoi n.sp.

Posterior border of carapace and tergite I with 6
setae, tergite II with 6-7 setae; lateral corner of

coxa I acute, triangulär

Roncus peramae Helversen

Acknowledgements

We express our sincere thanks to the collectors Dr Ful-
vio Gasparo (Trieste, Italy), Dr Pier Mauro Giachino
(Torino, Italy) and Dr Harald Pieper and Mrs H. Pieper
(Schwentinental, Germany), for having entrusted to us
these interesting collections. Special thanks are for Fulvio
Gasparo who provided Coordinates of the caves and coll-
ecting data. We appreciate the help provided by Dr Pierre
Strinati (Cologny/Geneva) and Dr Bernd Hauser (Geneva)
in the search of speleological literature. Cordial thanks are
due to Mme Corinne Charvet (Geneva) who arranged the
drawings and plates. Two anonymous reviewers improved
the text with useful comments.

References

Beier M 1930 Zwei neue troglobionte Parablothrus- Arten
aus Ligurien. - Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Natu-
rale di Genova 55: 94-95

Beier M 1939 Die Höhlenpseudoscorpione der Balkan-
halbinsel. Eine auf dem Material der “Biospeleologica
balcanica’basierende Synopsis. - Studien aus dem Gebiet
der allgemeinen Karstforschung, der wissenschaftlichen
Höhlenkunde, der Eiszeitforschung und den Nachbar-
gebieten. B. Biologische Serie 4(10): 3-83
Beier M 1963 Ordnung Pseudoscorpionidea (Afterskorpi-
one). Bestimmungsbücher zur Bodenfauna Europas, 1.
Akademie-Verlag Berlin. 313 pp.

Caporiacco L di 1947 Alcuni Arachnidi cavernicoli di
Toscana. - Commentationes Pontificiae Academia
Scientarum 11: 251-258

Casale A, Giachino PM 8c Vailati D 2013 Tre nuove
specie di Coleotteri sotterranei di Grecia (Coleoptera:
Carabidae e Cholvediae). - Bollettino della Societä
entomologica italiana 145: 9-25
Curcic BPM, Lee VF 8c Makarov SE 1993 New and
little-known cavernicolous species of Chthoniidae and
Neobisiidae (Pseudoscorpiones, Arachnida) from Serbia.
- Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 62(3): 167-178.

Curcic BPM, Dimitrijevic N, Makarov SE, Curcic SB,
Tomic VT, Antic DZ, Ilic BS 8c Curcic NB 2013.
Roncus radgost n.sp., R. jarevid n.sp., and R. crnobog
n.sp.: three new cave dwellers from eastern Serbia (Neo-
bisiidade, Pseudoscorpiones). - Archives of Biological
Sciences Beigrade 65(2): 751-760 (DOI: 10.2298/
ABS1302751C)

Gardini G 1988 Pseudoscorpioni cavernicoli Greci, con de-
scrizione di Chthonius (E.) gasparoi n.sp. della Macedonia
(Arachnida, Pseudoscorpionida) (Pseudoscorpioni di
Grecia II). — Atti e Memorie della Commissione Grotte
“E. Boegan”27: 57-62

Gardini G 1993 Roncus caprai n.sp. della Liguria orientale
e note su R. gestroi Beier, 1930 (Pseudoscorpionida
Neobisiidae). — Memorie della Societä entomologica
italiana 71: 409-425

Gardini G 8c Rizzerio R 1986 Materiali per una revisione
del genere Roncus L. Koch 1873. II. Ridescrizione dei
tipi delle specie parablothroidi alpine e appenniniche
(Pseudoscorpionida, Neobisiidae). - Fragmenta ento-
mologica, Roma 19: 1-56

Gasparo F 2004 Ricerche biospeleologiche nelle Isole Ionie
meridionali. - Progressione , Trieste (Commissione Grot-
te Eugenio Boegan)51: 82-84 — Internet: http://www.
boegan.it/ uploads/ media/Ionie_meridionali.pdf

Helversen O v 1969 Roncus (Parablothrus) peramae n.sp.,
ein troglobionter Neobisiide aus einer griechischen
Tropfsteinhöhle (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Neobi-
siidae). - Senckenbergiana biologica 50: 225-233

Mahnert V 1973a Über griechische Pseudoskorpione
II: Höhlenpseudoskorpione (Pseudoscorpiones, Ne-
obisiidae) von Korfu. — Revue suisse de Zoologie 80:
207-220

Mahnert V 1973b Drei neue Neobisiidae (Arachnida:
Pseudoscorpiones) von den Ionischen Inseln (Uber
griechische Pseudoskorpione III). - Berichte des Na-
turwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins Innsbruck
60: 27-39

Mahnert V 1975 Griechische Höhlenpseudoskorpione. -
Revue suisse de Zoologie 82: 169-184

Rampini M, Russo C di, Pavesi F 8c Cobolli M 2008 The
genus Dolichopoda in Greece. A description of new species
from the Ionian Regions and Peloponnisos (Orthoptera,
Raphidophoridae). - Zootaxa 1923: 1-17

Schawaller W 1985 Liste griechischer Neobisiidae mit
neuen Höhlenfunden im Epirus, auf Samos und Kreta
(Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones). - Stuttgarter Beiträge
zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 386: 1-8

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: 38-41

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

On the identity of the genera Anagraphis Simon, 1893 and Macedoniella Drensky,
1935 with two new Synonyms (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)

Robert Bosmans

doi: 1 0.543 1/aramit4807

Abstract. Examination of the type material of the forgotten species Liocranum ochraceum Simon, 1867 reveals this
species has to be transferred to the genus Anagraphis comb. nov. and that Anagraphis pallida (Hadjissarantos, 1 940)
is its junior synonym (syn. nov.). Furthermore, the monotypic genus Macedoniella Drensky, 1935 is a junior synonym
of Anagraphis and M. karamani a junior synonym of Anagraphis ochraceum (L. Koch, 1 867) (syn. nov.).

Keywords: Balkan fauna, spiders

Zusammenfassung. Zur Identität der Gattungen Anagraphis Simon, 1893 und Macedoniella Drensky, 1935
mit zwei neuen Synonymen (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Die Untersuchung des Typus-Materials von Liocranum
ochraceum L. Koch, 1 867 ergab, dass diese Art zur Gattung Anagraphis comb. nov. gehört. Anagraphis pallida (Had-
jissarantos, 1940) ist ein jüngeres Synonym (syn. nov.). Die monotypische Gattung Macedoniella Drensky, 1935 ist
ein Synonym der Gattung Anagraphis und M. karamani ein Synonym der Art Anagraphis ochraceum (L. Koch, 1 867)
(syn. nov.).

Although the arachnofauna of Europe has become
better and better known, many species described in
the 19th Century remain species inquirendae. These
are still valid names and investigation of type mate-
rial of these species must be a priority. Examination
of type material in the Natural History Museum,
London and a study of the papers where the species
were published, provided the opportunity here to re-
veal the identity of the enigmatic genus Macedoniel-
la Drensky, 1935 and its relationships to Anagraphis
pallida (Hadjissarantos, 1940).

All reference material cited was collected by the
author, unless indicated otherwise and is stored in his
collection. Abbreviations: CRB: Collection Robert
Bosmans. NHMB: Natural History Museum, Lon-
don. ZMUA: Zoological Museum of the University
of Athens.

Systematics

Anagraphis Simon, 1893

Type species: Anagraphis pallens Simon, 1893
Macedoniella Drensky, 1935 syn. nov.

Type species: Macedoniella karamani Drensky, 1935

Robert BOSMANS, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ledeganckstraat 35, B 9000
Gent, Belgium, e-mail: rop bosmans@telenet.be

submitted: 23. 10.20 14; accepted: 1 9. 12.20 14; online: 23. 12.20 14

Anagraphis ochracea (L. Koch, 1867) comb. nov.

Liocranum ochraceum L. Koch, 1867: 864 (description
female)

Macedoniella karamani Drensky, 1935: 109, fig. 6
(description female); Deltshev 2003: 143; Wunder-
lich 2011: 42, figs. 150-152; World Spider Catalogue
2014: nomen dubium; syn. nov.

Talanites pallidus Hadjissarantos, 1940: 79, fig.
23-25 (description male, female), syn. nov.

Anagraphis pallida; Chatzaki, Thaler & Mylonas
2002: 605, fig. 3-8 (transfer from Talanites ); Deltshev
et al. 2011: 136 (citation)

Type material

Holotype female of Liocranum ochraceum from
GREECE, Corfu (BM b842); examined.

Two female syntypes of Macedoniella karamani
from Skopje, mount Vodno, Republic of MACE-
DONIA; not present in Drensky ’s collections in the
Bulgarian Museum, probably lost during the Second
World War (Deltshev 2003).

Holotype male, paratype female of Talanites palli-
dus from GREECE, Attiki, Pcndeli-Dyonisos; Coli.
Hadjissarantos (ZMUA); examined by Chatzaki et
al. (2002).

Rcmarks on synonymy

Liocranum ochraceum was described by L. Koch in
1867 from the Greek Island of Corfu. The descripti-

On the identity of Anagrophis and Macedoniella

39

on of the female is without any figure and the epigy-
ne was described as “eine hufeisenförmige Wulstung,
welche vorne offen ist, in diese Öffnung ragt eine
halbkreisförmige Platte herein”, basically meaning:
“a horseshoe-shaped chitinisation, in the anterior
opening with a semi-circular plate”. Probably due to
the absence of figures of the epigyne, the species was
never recognized or cited again.

Examining now the epigyne of the holotype of
L. ochraceum and comparing it with my recently col-
lected material of Anagraphis pallida (Hadjissarantos,
1940), identified with the excellent redescription of
Chatzaki et al. (2002), shows that L. ochraceum has to
be transferred to Anagraphis. The epigynes are iden-
tical, so there is no doubt they are the same species
and Anagraphis pallida (Hadjissarantos, 1940) thus
becomes a junior synonym of Anagraphis ochracea (L.
Koch, 1867) comb. nov.

When examining the holotype of Liocranum ochra-
ceum, I further came across the resemblances to the
description of a species from Macedonia , Macedoniella
karamani Drensky, 1935. Macedoniella is a monotypic
genus and is only known from the female. According
to Deltshev (2003), the type material was lost during
the Second World War. Wunderlich (2011) States that
the family relationships of the genus are unsure, but
indicates: “Gnaphosidae?”. In the World Spider Cata-
logue (2014) it is listed as a nomen dubium.

The description of Drensky is rather superfluous
and the figures sketchy (Fig. 1). When comparing
the material of Anagraphis ochracea with Drensky ’s
description of Macedoniella karamani , size, colour, eye
disposition and position of the spinnerets are identi-
cal. A special character of Macedoniella is, according
to Drensky (1935), the presence of a subterminal
tooth on Mt II (plate I, a).This is not observed in the
present material. In these specimens, there are 2 dor-
sal and 2 prolateral spines on all femora,Ti I-III have
3 pairs of ventral spines, Mt I-III 2 pairs of ventral
spines and Ti IV and Mt IV have more additional
spines. I presume that the specimen of Drensky lost
the ventral spines on the Ti and Mt, except the sub-
terminal retrolateral spine ofTi II. The figure of the
epigyne (plate 1, b) shows a horseshoe-shaped chi-
tinisation with an anterior darkened region, almost
exactly like what L. Koch wrote in the original de-
scription of Liocranum ochraceum.

The type locality of Macedoniella karamani is
somewhat to the north of the newly established dis-

tribution area of Anagraphis ochracea (Fig. 1), but is
within a reasonable distance. The conclusion that
Macedoniella karamani Drensky, 1935 is a junior syn-
onym of Anagraphis ochracea (F. Koch, 1867) thus
seems evident.

Further material of Anagraphis ochracea (L. Koch,
1867) comb. nov. examined (all in CRB)

GREECE. Ewoia-Voroies Sporades. Alonis-
sos: Steni Vala, N39TT32” E23°55’24”, 10 m, 1$,
stones in maquis, 14.VII.2005. Ewoia: Lake Dis-
tos, N38°20T9” E19°24’08”, 100 m, 1<5, grassland
along the lake, 16.V.2001; Psachna E., N38°35’00”
E23°40’52”, 100 m, lc?, stones around ruins in open
maquis, 10.V.2001. Skopelos: road Elios-Platanakia,
N38°39’6” E23°24’2”, 80 m, 1<3 1$, stones in Li-
nus forest, 18. VII. 2005. Ionian Islands. Kefalonia:
Aghia Varvara, N38°10’47” E20°30’5”, 80 m, \S,
stones in Linus forest, 25 .X. 1999. Lefkada: road
Komilio-Dragano, N38°41’32” E20°34’24”, 420 m,
19, stones in grassland, 16.IV.2000. Peloponnisos.
Achaia: Chaikali (N38°6’12” E21°40’6”, 500 m), 1?,
14.V.1998, G. Delmastro leg. Argolida: Arachnaio S.,
N37°37’47”E22°58’55”, 650 m, iS 19, stones in grass-
land, 24. V. 1998. Arkadia: Megalopoli (N37°24’4”
E22°8’32”, 420 m), 2$, 29.V.1998, G. Delmastro leg.
Korinthia: Sofiko, N37°48’33” E23T’28”, 520 m, 1$,
stones in dense Linus forest, 23.V.1998. Messinia:
road Artemisia-Langada, N37°4’40” E22°16T3”,
1100 m, 1$, 27.V.1998.

Description

I refer to the excellent redescription of Chatzaki et
al. (2002).

Distribution

Anagraphis pallida appears to be a species with a
relatively small distribution area (Fig. 2), but accord-
ing to the number of recent localities, it is not rare.
L. Koch described the female in 1867 as Liocranum
ochraceum from the Greek island of Corfu. Drensky
(1935) described the female again as a new species,
namely Macedoniella karamani from the Republic
of Macedonia. The species was then described for
a third time as Talanites pallidus by Hadjissarantos
(1940) from Attiki in Greece, this time from both a
male and female. Chatzaki et al. (2002) redescribed
it, transferred it to the genus Anagraphis and added
the island Antikithyra as a new locality. The species

40

R. Bosmans

b

c

d

a

Fig. 6. — Macedoniella Karamani nov. gen. et nov. spec., aus Wodno bei Skoplje
in Mazedonien; a — algemelner Habitus des Weibchens; b — Epigyne ;
c — Augenstellung; d — Spinwarzen.

Fig. 1: Copy of figure 6 of Mac-
edoniella karamani, in Drensky

0935)

was also cited from Albania by Deltshev et al. (2011).
Here, new records from all over the Peloponnisos
and from the islands Alonissos, Ewoia, Skopelos,
Kefalonia and Lcfkada are added and they provide
confirmation of its wide distribution in Greece. The
locality in the Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) is
the northernmost site of its distribution.

Acknowledgmcnts

Jan Beccaloni is thanked for the loan of the type material
of Liocranum ochraceum and Pierre Oger for his help with
the distribution map.Two anonymous revisers are thanked
for their useful comments.

References

Chatzaki M.Thaler K 8cMylonas M 2002 Ground spiders
(Gnaphosidae, Araneae) of Crete and adjacent areas of
Greece. Taxonomy and distribution. II. - Revue suisse
de Zoologie 109: 603-633

Deltshev C 2003 A critical review of the spider species
(Aranaeae) described by P. Drensky in the period
1915-1942 from the Balkans. - Berichte des naturwis-
senschaftlichen-medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck
90: 135-150

Deltshev C, Vrenozi B, Blagoev G &. Lazarov S 201 1 Spi-
ders of Albania - faunistic and zoogeographical review
(Arachnida: Araneae). - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 63:
125-144

On the identity ofAnagraphis and Macedoniella

41

Fig 2: Distribution of Anagraphis
ochracea (L. Koch, 1867) comb. nov.
Triangle: Type locality of Liocra-
num ochraceum L. Koch, 1867.
Rectangle: Type locality of Mac-
edoniella karamani Drensky, 1935.
Star: Type locality of Anagraphis
pallida Hadjissarantos, 1940.
Circles: Recent records of Anagraphis
ochracea (l. Koch, 1867).

Drensky P 1935 Paiatzi (Araneae) seubirani ot Dr Stanko
Karaman w Jougoslavia i osobeno w Makedonia. - Iz-
vestiya na Tsarskite prirodonauchni instituti v Sofia 8:
97-110

Hadjissarantos H 1940 Les araignees de l’Attique. Athens.
132 pp.

Koch L 1867 Zur Arachniden und Myriapoden-Fauna Süd-
Europas. - Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen
Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 17:
857-900

Simon E 1893 Etudes arachnologiques. 25e Memoire. XL.
Descriptions d’especes et de genres nouveaux de lordre
des Araneae. - Annales de la Societe entomologique de
France 62: 299-330

World Spider Catalog 2014 World Spider Catalog. Version
15.5. Natural History Museum Bern. -Internet: http://
wsc.nmbe.ch (15 Oktober 2014)

Wunderlich J 201 1 Extant and fossil spiders (Araneae). -
Beitrage zur Araneologie 6: 1-640

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: i-ii

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

Buchbesprechung

Christoph Muster & Marc Meyer 2014 Verbreitungsatlas der Weberknechte des Großherzogtums
Luxemburg.

Ferrantia 70: 1-112. Musee national d'histoire naturelle, Luxembourg. Soft cover. 1 5 €. http://ps.mnhn.lu/ferrantia

For faunistic research on a certain animal group,
knowledge of the Situation in surrounding coun-
tries is a necessity. The presence of certain species in
neighbouring regions, together with notes on their
distribution and trends, offers valuable Information
for the interpretation of the Status of these species in
one’s own study area. Changes in the national fauna
- e.g. the discovery of a new species - can often bet-
ter be explained when integrating information on the
Status of species in nearby countries. Distribution at-
lases are therefore not only valuable publications for
the country of concern, but also for other countries
in the same region.

In the north-western part of Europe, data on the
occurrence of harvestmen is thankfully not as scarce
as for the other groups within Arachnida; with the
exception of certain spider families. The main reason
for this is the limited number of species that occur in
this region. For Belgium a distribution atlas has been
published (Vanhercke 2010). In the United Kingdom
a fairly old atlas is available (Sankey 1988) and (recent)
records have been published on the website of the
‘Spider and Harvestman Recording Scheme’ (British
Arachnological Society 2014). For Germany the web-
site ‘Nachweiskarten der Spinnentiere Deutschlands’
(Staudt 2014) provides maps with up-to-date records
of harvestmen, while of course the work by Profes-
sor Martens (1978) is still an important reference for
Germany and Central-Europe. For other countries in
this region, the fauna has also been described, although
not in atlases: e.g. France (Delfosse 2014), the Nether-
lands (Wijnhoven 2009), Denmark (Stol 2003, 2007,
Enghoff et al. 2014) and the Fennoscandian countries
(Stol 2003, 2007). In Luxembourg, Müller (1962)
and Schneider (1986) listed the species present, and
reached a species count of (only) eighteen. Since then,
harvestmen were identified during faunistic researches
by the Musee national d’histoire naturelle Luxem-
bourg, leading to the discovery of a number of new
species. Now Christoph Muster (a freelance arach-
nologist from Germany) and Marc Meyer (Musee na-
tional d’histoire naturelle Luxembourg) have compilcd
all the present knowledge of the 31 currently known
species of harvestmen into a distribution atlas!

&SN 1 tll • SSI*

Christoph Must«*r &
Vlarr Meyer

Verbreitungsatlas der
Weberknechte des
Großherzogtums
Luxemburg

2014

,ui* s< iersttfiques ys

du Mus^e ruilonai
dhiskMrt' ruiurefe
I uw-mbourg

The authors present a publication with many de-
tails and with an impressive amount of information.
Data is offered for 226 localities and comprises 3091
records, deriving from only fifteen detined projects.
The sampling locations are well spread over the coun-
try, although locations in the valleys of streams and
rivers are somewhat overrepresented. Details of loca-
tions, including the number of sampled individuals
per species, are given in two appendices.

For each species, information is presented on
the total distribution area, localities in Luxembourg,
habitat, distribution over the different sampling tech-
niques, the sex ratio of the specimens and phcnol-
ogy.The description ends with remarks on Status and
trend. A photo of a live individual (not all species), a
map with localities, a phenology diagram (represent-
ing the catches of adult individuals) and a bar graph
giving the distribution over sixteen habitats types are

Diversa

ii

Fig 1. Nelima sempronii is a species that has recently reached
the northwestern part of Europe; it was found in 2004 in the
Netherlands and in 2009 in Luxemburg (photo: Jinze Noordijk)

given for all 31 species. Occasionally, a habitat photo
is added. All this Information is presented in two or
three pages per species. The short discussion section
that follows after the species descriptions elaborates
on the fauna in comparison to Belgium and the
Netherlands, zoogeography in European perspective,
and the trends that can be observed in the harvest-
men community.

For this atlas, most material (57 %) was gathered
using pitfall traps. The presented data for each spe-
cies on the origin of the material in relation to the
separate sampling techniques, is therefore not very
informative; it would have been better to present the
relative contribution of each sampling technique to
the obtained data. Sampling ‘by hand’ (searching or
beating Vegetation) is very much underrepresented
(10%), resulting in quite meagrely filled maps for
species that mainly dwell in the Vegetation, such as
Paroligolophus agrestis, Dicranopalpus ramosus and
Leiobunum blackwalli. On the other hand, species of
the family Trogulidae are extremely difficult to find
and are only adequately sampled with pitfall traps.
Records are therefore offen quite scarce. Hence, the
maps with localities for the four representatives of
this family in Luxembourg are noteworthy.

The harvestmen fauna of Luxembourg ‘has it all’.
Among the 31 species, there are very common spe-
cies (e.g., Oligolophus tridens, Phalangium opilio ), out-
spoken generalists (e.g. Paroligolophus agrestis , Rilaena

triangu/aris), stenotopic species (e.g. Trogulus nepae-
formis , Amilenus aurantiacus) , very rare species (e.g.
Lacinius horridus, Nelima silvatica), a declining species
0 Opilio parietinus ), an exotic species ( Leiobunum sp. A),
and ‘new’, ränge expanding species ( Nemastoma den-
tigerum, Nelima sempronii , Fig. l).This, and the man-
ageable number of species, makes Opiliones a perfect
subject for faunistic studies. Christoph Muster and
Marc Meyer have produced a good publication that
properly describes these patterns and processes. This
atlas is a valuable piece of work, not only for Luxem-
bourg, but also for the surrounding countries.

References

British Arachnological Society 2014 Spider and Harvestman
Recording Scheine. - Internet: http://srs.britishspiders.
org.uk/ (Oct. 15,2014)

Delfosse E 2014 Addenda et corrigenda du catalogue
preliminaire des Opilions de France metropolitaine de
2004 (Arachnida, Opiliones). - Le bulletin d’Arthropoda
47: 5-26

Enghoff H, Pedersen J &Toft S 2014 Danske mejere - en
fauna i vaskst. - Entomologiske Meddelelser 82: 1-12
Martens J 1978 Spinnentiere, Arachnida. Weberknechte,
Opiliones. - Die Tierwelt Deutschlands 64: 1-464
Müller L 1962 Les phalangides dans le Grand-Duche du
Luxembourg. - Institut Grand-Ducal de Luxembourg,
Section des Sciences naturelles, physiques et mathema-
tiques. Archives, nouvelle serie 28: 233-248
Sankey JHP 1988 Provisional atlas of the harvest-spdiers
(Arachnida: Opiliones) of the British Isles. Biological
Records Centre, Huntingdon. 42 pp.

Schneider N 1986. Opilions nouveaux pour la faune du
Grand-Duche de Luxembourg (Arachnida, Opiliones).

- Bulletin de la Societe des naturalistes luxembourgeois
86: 59-60

Stol I 2003 Distribution and ecology of harvestmen (Opi-
liones) in the Nordic countries. - Norwegian Journal of
Entomology 50: 33-41

Stol I 2007 Checklist of Nordic Opiliones. - Norwegian
Journal of Entomology 54: 23-26
Staudt A 2014 Nachweiskarten der Spinnentiere Deutsch-
lands (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscor-
piones). - Internet: http://www.spiderling.de/arages/
index2.htm (Oct. 15, 2014)

Vanhercke L 2010 Hooiwagens in Belgie - een overzicht.

- Nieuwsbrief van de Belgische Arachnologische Ver-
eniging 25: 138-157

Wijnhoven H 2009 De Nederlandse hooiwagens (Opi-
liones).- Entomologische Tabellen 3: 1-118

Jinze NOORDIJK, European Invertebrate Survey (EIS), PO Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden,

the Netherlands, e-mail: jinze.noordijk@naturalis.nl

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: iii-vii

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

Jörg Wunderlich wird 75 Jahre alt

Jörg Wunderlich wurde am 19. Dezember 1939 in
Berlin geboren. Nach dem zweiten Weltkrieg befand
sich seine Familie im Osten des Landes, es gelang ihr
aber 195 1 nach West-Berlin zu ziehen. Aufgrund der
mangelnden schulischen Ausbildung in der Nach-
kriegszeit und der unterschiedlichen Schulprogram-
me im Osten (Russisch) und Westen (Latein und
Englisch) schloss Jörg die Schule im Alter von 20
Jahren ab.

Danach begann er an der Freien Universität Ber-
lin zunächst Mathematik zu studieren, wechselte aber
bald zu Biologie, Geographie, Politikwissenschaften
und Philosophie. Insgesamt verbrachte er acht Jahre
an der Universität. Währenddessen übernahm er Jobs
um sich seinen Lebensunterhalt zu finanzieren. Sei-
ne Staatsexamensarbeit an der Freien Universität war
eine ökologische Studie über die Zwergspinnenfauna
der Pfaueninsel in Berlin, einem Naturschutzgebiet,
in dem er über 300 Webspinnenarten in verschie-
denen Habitaten nachwies, zwei davon neu für die
Wissenschaft ( Glyphesis taoplesius, Moebelia beroli-
nensis ).

1969 zog Jörg nach Baden-Württemberg, wo er
eine pädagogische Ausbildung als Gymnasiallehrer
vollendete. Er lehrte 25 Jahre am Gymnasium (die
letzten 15 Jahre in Teilzeitanstellung) und wur-
de Oberstudienrat. Während des Studiums an der
Freien Universität Berlin begann Jörg sich auch poli-
tisch zu engagieren und wurde Mitglied der Grünen.
In Straubenhardt war er dann auch 10 Jahre Mitglied
des Gemeinderats.

Schon seit der Kindheit war Jörg von der Natur
fasziniert, besonders von Arthropoden und später
von Spinnen - das Verhalten von Springspinnen und
der Netzbau von Radnetzspinnen standen zuerst im
Vordergrund. Die Entdeckung von zwei bisher un-
bekannten Spinnenarten in Berlin verdeutlichte ihm
den mangelnden Kenntnisstand in der Arachnologie
- sogar in Deutschland.

Jörg arbeitete sich autodidaktisch in die Arach-
nologie ein. Er hatte keinen Lehrer oder Kollegen,
der mit Spinnen vertraut war. Otto Kraus war der
erste, der ihm wichtige Informationen und Hinweise
zu Literatur gab und zu Experten vermittelte. Jörg
war unter anderem in persönlichem Kontakt bezie-
hungsweise korrespondierte mit Hermann Wieh-

le, Wolfgang Crome, Rudolf Braun, Jaques Denis,
Herbert W. Levi, Gershom Levy und Konrad Thaler.
Bestimmungshilfe bekam Jörg auch von Frantisek
Miller und Raymond R. Förster.

Zu Beginn seiner Karriere war Jörg beim Pu-
blizieren seiner Revisionen über Micaria und Walk-
kenaeria und weiterer taxonomischer Studien mit
Schwierigkeiten konfrontiert - sowohl mit Heraus-
gebern als auch mit Gutachtern (die zum Teil nicht
mit der Paläoarachnologie vertraut sind und/oder
Vertreter der Kladistik sind, ohne paläontologisches
Hintergrundwissen). Daher gründete er einen eige-
nen Verlag. Als erstes Buch im Eigenverlag erschien
die Monographie über die Spinnen der Kanarischen
Inseln. Einer der Gründe für Jörgs hohe Produkti-
vität war dieser Eigenverlag. Obwohl der Eigenver-
lag Vorteile bietet, gibt es auch gewisse Schwächen
hinsichtlich professionellen Editierens (Gliederung,
Formatierung, u. a.) und die Arbeiten erschienen
dementsprechend unbegutachtet.

Jörg unternahm Sammelreisen in die verschie-
densten Länder (Australien, China, Dominikanische
Republik, Ecuador, Gambia, Indonesien, Jordanien,
Malaysia, Myanmar, Peru, Singapur, USA und na-
hezu ganz Europa). Die Artenvielfalt der Makaro-
nesischen Spinnen faszinierte ihn aber besonders.
Seine ersten taxonomischen Arbeiten waren auf mit-
teleuropäische Spinnen konzentriert, mit der Zeit

Diversa

iv

Jörg im Jahr 1971

erweiterten sich seine Interessen, insbesondere auf
Bernsteinspinnen.

Wissenschaftliche Interessen

Jörg ist Autor von etwa 180 Publikationen (Bücher
und Artikel). Seine Arbeiten lassen sich in vier Ka-
tegorien einteilen:

1) Faunistische Studien zur Spinnenfauna Deutsch-
lands (18 Arbeiten), großteils mit taxonomischen
Informationen. Diese ersten Studien von Jörg wa-
ren faunistisch und ökologisch ausgerichtet, doch
mit der wachsenden Artenkenntnis wandte er
sich zunehmend taxonomischen Arbeiten zu.

2) Taxonomische Publikationen über rezente Spin-
nenarten (106 Publikationen), darunter umfang-
reiche Revisionen der Gattungen Micaria und
Walckenaeria sowie Beschreibungen neuer, haupt-
sächlich europäischer Arten.

3) Arbeiten zur Taxonomie, Faunistik und Biogeo-
grafie der Makaronesischen Spinnen (Kanarische
Inseln, Azoren und Madeira) (8 Publikationen,
darunter zwei umfangreiche Bücher mit über
1500 Abbildungen und Beschreibungen zahlrei-
cher neuer Arten).

Hirotsugo Ono, Jörg Wunderlich, Michael Saaristo in Gent, 2004

4) Arbeiten zu fossilen Spinnen und Spinnentieren
in Bernstein (42 Publikationen). In den letzten
drei Jahrzehnten widmete sich Jörg vermehrt pa-
läontologischen Studien. Sein Interesse an fossi-
len Spinnen begann mit dem Kauf eines Stücks
Bernsteins, das einen Spinneneinschluss enthielt,
den er zunächst keiner Familie zuordnen konn-
te. Sie erwies sich als der Gattung Acrometa der
Synotaxidae zugehörig, einer Familie, die der-
zeitig nur aus Süd- und Zentralamerika, Neu-
seeland und Australien bekannt ist. Zu Beginn
seiner paläontologischen Arbeiten hatte Jörg den
Schwerpunkt auf den Araneoidea, doch arbeitet
er gegenwärtig an allen Webspinnen und sogar
an anderen Ordnungen der Spinnentiere. Neben
dieser taxonomischen Grundlagenarbeit ist Jörg
auch an Paläofaunistik, Verhalten, Parasitismus,
Mimikry und Ökologie von fossilen Spinnen in-
teressiert.

Wissenschaftliche Leistungen

Jörg Wunderlich hat 1279 Spinnenarten beschrieben
(Tab. 1, Tab. 2), 575 rezente und 704 fossile aus 86
Familien.

V

Diversa

Tab. 1:Von J. Wunderlich beschriebenen rezenten und fossilen Spinnenarten
Tab. 1 : Extant and fossil spider species described by J. Wunderlich

Familie

rezent

fossil

total

Familie

rezent

fossil

total

Agelenidae

3

2

5

Oxyopidae

1

1

Amaurobiidae

1

1

Oonopidae

8

29

37

Anapidae

3

20

23

Palpimanidae

2

2

Anyphaenidae

3

3

Philodromidae

4

4

Araneidae

2

21

23

Pholcidae

49

13

62

Archaeidae

10

10

Pholcochyroceridae

3

3

Atypidae

3

3

Phrurolithidae

8

8

Baltsuccinidae

2

2

Pimoidae

9

9

Barychelidae

1

1

Pisauridae

1

1

Burmascutidae

1

1

Plectreuridae

1

1

Caponiidae

1

1

Plumorsolidae

1

1

Clubionidae

5

6

11

Praeterleptonetidae

2

2

Comaromidae

6

6

Praetheridiidae

1

1

Corinnidae s.l.

26

26

Prodidomidae

4

1

5

Ctenidae

1

1

Protheridiidae

6

6

Ctenizidae

2

2

Salticidae

11

34

45

Cyatholipidae

1

13

14

Salticoididae

1

1

Cyrtaucheniidae

1

1

Scytodidae

3

6

9

Dictynidae

11

46

57

Segestriidae

10

12

22

Dysderidae

34

4

38

Selenopidae

2

2

Ephalmatoridae

10

10

Sicariidae

3

3

Eresidae

1

1

Sinopimoidae

1

1

Eutichuridae

4

4

Sparassidae

1

1

Filistatidae

4

4

Spatiatoridae

2

2

Gnaphosidae

22

7

29

Symphytognathidae

1

1

Hahniidae

3

4

7

Succinomidae

6

6

Hersiliidae

9

9

Synaphridae

4

1

5

Insecutoridae

2

2

Synotaxidae

3

26

29

Idiopidae

1

1

Telemidae

1

1

2

Lagonomegopidae

4

4

Tetrablemmidae

1

5

6

Leptonetidae

9

9

Tetragnathidae

4

19

23

Linyphiidae

202

43

245

Theraphosidae

1

1

Liocranidae

9

3

12

Theridiidae

42

125

167

Lycosidae

15

15

Theridiosomatidae

5

13

18

Micropalpimanidae

1

1

Thomisidae

17

5

22

Microstigmatidae

1

1

Titanoecidae

3

1

4

Miturgidae

1

1

Trachelidae

2

1

3

Mimetidae

10

10

Trochanteriidae

19

19

Mysmcnidae

3

10

13

Uloboridae

3

20

23

Nemesiidae

1

1

Zoropsidac

12

12

Nephilidae

15

15

Zoridae

1

1

Ncsticidae

4

8

12

Zodariidae

9

3

12

Ochyroceratidae

7

7

Familien

46

72

86

Oecobiidae

49

5

54

Total

575

704

1279

Diversa

VI

Tab. 2: Arachnologen die mehr als 1000 Arten beschrieben
haben (after Platnick & Raven 2013, mit Ausnahme von Wun-
derlich, für den die fossilen Arten mit berücksichtigt wurden)
Tab. 2: Arachnologists who described more that 1000 spe-
cies (after Platnick & Raven 201 3, with exception of Wunderlich,
of him the fossil species are included)

Rang

Autor

total

valid

Syno-

nyme

%

vaüd

1

Simon

4650

3789

861

81.5

2

Platnick

1831

1828

3

99.8

3

Levi

1317

1268

49

96.3

4

Thoreü

1498

1168

330

78.0

5

Strand

1543

1097

446

71.1

6

Mello-Leitäo

1473

1056

417

71.2

7

Gertsch

1174

998

176

85.0

8

ChamberÜn

1475

984

491

66.7

9

O. Pickard-
Cambridge

1402

932

470

66.5

10

Wunderüch

1279

1219

59

95.3

11

KeyserÜng

1109

827

282

74.6

Neben den vielen neuen Arten beschrieb Jörg 81 re-
zente und 212 fossile Gattungen, 18 neue Familien
(5 rezente (fett) und 13 fossile) sowie 53 Triben bzw.
Unterfamilien (Tab. 3, Tab. 4). Darunter weist nur die
Familie Sinopimoidae keine fossilen Vertreter auf.

Tab. 3: Von J. Wunderlich neu beschriebene Familien (rezente
fett)

Tab. 3:Newly decribed families byJ. Wunderlich (extantfamilies
in bold)

1. Baltsuccinidae Wunderlich, 2004

2. Borboropactidae Wunderlich, 2004 (inzwischen von
ihm selbst als Tribus in der Unterfamilien Stephano-
pinae der Thomisidae aufgefasst)

3. Burmascutidae Wunderlich, 2008

4. Comaromidae Wunderlich, 2004

5. Eopsilodercidae Wunderlich, 2008 (= Psilodercidae
Deeleman- Reinhold, 1995; World Spider Catalog
2014: sub Ochyroceratidae)

6. Lagonomegopidae Eskov 8c Wunderlich, 1995

7. Micropalpimanidae Wunderlich, 2008

8. Pholcochyroceridae Wunderlich, 2008

9. Pimoidae Wunderlich, 1986

10. Plumorsolidae Wunderlich, 2008

1 1 . Praeterleptonetidae Wunderlich 2008

12. Praetheridiidae Wunderlich, 2004

1 3. Protheridiidae Wunderlich, 2004

14. Pumiliopimoidae Wunderlich, 2008

15. Salticoididae Wunderlich, 2008

16. Sinopimoidae Li 8c Wunderlich, 2008

17. Succinomidae Wunderlich, 2008

18. Synaphridae Wunderlich, 1986

Tab. 4: Von J. Wunderlich beschriebene Triben und Unterfami-
lien

Tab. 4:Tribesand subfamilies described byJ. Wunderlich

1 . Achaearanini Wunderlich, 2008

2. Actometini Wunderlich, 1979

3. Agroecini Wunderlich, 2008

4. Ataliini Wunderlich, 2011

5. Anametini Wunderlich, 2008

6. Anelosiminae Wunderlich,

7. Antisteini Wunderlich, 2004

8. Apostenini Wunderüch, 2008

9. Ariadninae Wunderlich, 2004

10. Balticatypini Wunderlich, 2011

11. Balticorominae Wunderlich, 2004

12. Baltleucaugini Wunderlich, 2008

13. Borneoridiini Deeleman 8c Wunderlich 2012

14. Cameronidiini Wunderlich, 2011

15. Chelicerini Wunderlich, 2008

16. Chrysometinae Wunderlich, 2004

17. Chthonopini Wunderlich, 201 1

1 8. Copaldictyninae Wunderlich, 2004

19. Echinotheridiini Wunderlich, 2008

20. Eodotinae Wunderlich, 2011

2 1 . Eomactatatorinae Wunderüch, 2008

22. Eomatachiini Wunderlich, 2004

23. Eoprychiini Wunderlich, 2004

24. Eotrechaleinae Wunderüch, 2004

25. Flageüdictynini Wunderüch 2012,

26. Furcembolusini Wunderüch, 2008

27. Gaucelmini Wunderüch, 1986

28. Lacunaucheniinae Wunderüch, 2008

29. Lebanoecobiinae Wunderüch, 2004

30. Lebansegestriinae Wunderüch, 2008

3 1 . Luangnaminae Wunderüch, 2011

32. Magnopholcommatini Wunderüch, 2008

33. Metabini Wunderüch, 2008

34. Microsegestriinae Wunderlich, 2004

35. Microclubionini Wunderüch 2011

36. Microsynotaxini Wunderüch, 2008

37. Miraraneinae Wunderüch, 2004

38. Mizagallinae Wunderüch, 2004

39. Nanoini Wunderüch, 2008

40. Palaeohygropodini Wunderüch,

41. Parvomygaünae Wunderüch, 2004

42. Pholcochyrocerini Wunderüch, 2008

43. Praeterleptonetini Wunderüch, 2008

44. Prochorini Wunderüch, 201 1

45 . Protomimetinae Wunderüch, 2011

46. Pseudoteutanini Wunderüch, 2008

47. Pumiüopimoidae Wunderlich, 2008

48. Sosybiini Wunderüch, 2004

49. Spinitharini Wunderüch, 2008

50. Stemoniphantinae Wunderüch, 1986

5 1 . Succiniraptorinae Wunderüch, 2004

52. Succinomini Wunderüch, 2008

53. Zarqaraneini Wunderüch, 2008

VII

Diversa

Von den 1279 von Jörg beschriebenen Spinnenarten
sind derzeit nur 59 rezente als jüngere Synonyme
erkannt. Die Gesamtzahl an validen Arten ist sehr
hoch und stellt 2,6 % aller bekannten Spinnenarten
(ca. 45000 rezent und 1169 fossil, World Spider Ca-
talog 2014). Jörg hat als einziger deutscher Arachno-
loge mehr als 1000 Arten beschrieben und rangiert
hinsichtlich der Zahl der Artbeschreibungen welt-
weit auf Position 10 (Tab. 2). Nach der Zahl valider
Arten ist er sogar als Nummer 4 der Arachnologen
weltweit zu reihen und als Nummer 3 unter den zeit-
genössischen Kollegen. In der Paläontologie steht er
an erster Stelle, er hat mehr fossile Arten, Gattungen
und Familien beschrieben als alle anderen Arachno-
logen (704 der 1169 validen Arten).

Es war nicht das Ziel von Jörg, so viele Arten wie
möglich zu beschreiben. Vielmehr möchte er so weit
wie möglich die Evolution der Spinnen verstehen
und dafür ist die taxonomische Arbeit an fossilen
Spinnen eine wichtige Grundlage.

Im Gegensatz zu den meisten anderen produk-
tiven Arachnologen hatte Jörg nie eine akademische
Position inne. Er arbeitete als Privatperson, ohne fi-
nanzielle Förderung für Reisen, Ausrüstung und zum
Akquirieren von Bernstein. In den letzten 30 Jahren
hat Jörg eine sechsstellige Summe zum Ankauf von
Bernsteinstücken aufgewendet.

Aufgrund seiner arachnologischen Aktivitäten
wurde Jörg Wunderlich mit 18 nach ihm benannten
Spinnenarten und zwei Vertretern anderer Arachni-
denordnungen geehrt:

Spinnen

1 . Bianor wunderlichi Logunov, 2001

2. Carbinea wunderlichi Davies, 1999

3. Clubiona wunderlichi Mikhailov, 1992

4. Nasoona wunderlichi (Brignoli, 1983)

5. Philodromus wunderlichi Muster ScThaler, 2007

6. Prodidomus wunderlichi Deeleman- Reinhold, 2001

7. Scotognapha wunderlichi Platnick, Ovtsharenko 8c
Murphy, 2001

8. Scutpe/ecopsis wunderlichi Marusik 8c Gnelitsa,
2009

9. Setaphis wunderlichi Platnick 8c Murphy, 1 996

10. Synaphris wunderlichi Marusik 8c Zonstein, 2011

11. Telema wunderlichi Song 8c Zhu, 1994

12. Tenuiphantes wunderlichi (Saaristo 8c Tanasevitch,
1996)

13. Theridion wunderlichi Penney, 2001 (fossil)

14. Tibiaster wunderlichi Eskov, 1995

15. Walckenaeria wunderlichi Tanasevitch, 1983

16. Wugigarra wunderlichi (Deeleman- Reinhold,
1995)

1 7. Xysticus wunderlichi Logunov, Marusik 8c Trili-
kauskas, 2001

18. Zarqagonomegops wunderlichi Kaddumi, 2007
Andere Arachniden

19. Cratosolpuga wunderlichi Seiden, 1996 (fossil; Soli-
fugae, Ceromidae)

20. Palaeoananteris wunderlichi Louren^, 2004 (fos-
sil; Scorpiones, Buthidae)

Jörg Wunderlich ist immer noch sehr aktiv. Derzeit
beendet er ein Buch über Spinnensystematik, Phylo-
genie und Mesozoische Spinnen. Er wird darin neue
Spinnenfamilien und auch eine neue Unterordnung
der Ricinulei beschreiben.

Zum Abschluss möchte ich Jörg Wunderlich
ganz persönlich für seine vielen interessanten Beiträ-
ge zur Arachnologie danken und ihm den Respekt
für die langjährige produktive Arbeit aussprechen.
Zudem wünsche ich ihm, sicher auch im Namen der
gesamten arachnologischen Gemeinschaft, viele wei-
tere Jahre voller Aktivität und Begeisterung.

Danksagung: Mein herzlicher Dank geht an Barbara Tha-
ler-Knoflach flir die Übersetzung des Textes ins Deutsche.

Literatur

Platnick NI 8c Raven RJ 2013 Spider systematics: past
and futurc. - Zootaxa 3683: 595-600 - doi: 10.11646/
zootaxa.3683.5.8

World Spider Catalog 2014 World Spider Catalog, Version
15.5. Natural History Museum, Bern. -Internet: http://
wsc.nmbe.ch (10. Sept. 2014)

Yuri M. MARUSIK, IBPN RAS, Magadan, E-Mail: yurmar@mail.ru

Arachnologische Mitteilungen 48: viii-ix

Karlsruhe, Dezember 2014

Neue Arbeitsgruppe der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft (AraGes) mit Erweiterung der Webprä-
senz: Arachniden-Wiki und -Forum

Die Arbeitsgruppe „Wiki und Forum“ stellt ein On-
lineforum und ein Arachniden-Wiki bereit. Dahinter
steht die Eingliederung der bereits bekannten Seiten
„Forum europäischer Spinnentiere“ und „Spinnen
Forum Wiki“ der Website http://spinnen-forum.de
in die AraGes.

Im Jahr 2004 stellte Martin Lemke das Forum
erstmals ins Netz. Hintergrund war, interessier-
ten Personen Hilfe beim Bestimmen von Arten zu
leisten. Das Forum ist in erster Linie Anlaufpunkt
für Menschen, die Spinnen fotografiert haben und
wissen möchten, um welche Art es sich handelt. Mit
den Jahren hat sich hier eine sehr rege „community“
entwickelt. Schwerpunkte sind nach wie vor Bestim-
mungsfragen, aber auch Fragen nach der Ökologie
und Lebensweise von Spinnen, Weberknechten und
- in etwas geringerem Umfang - Pseudoskorpionen
und sonstigen Spinnentieren. Mitglieder, die länger
andauerndes Interesse zeigen, werden angeregt, sich
selbst in die Bestimmung einzuarbeiten und erhal-
ten dazu auch Tipps und Tricks bis hin zur Bestim-
mung anhand von Genitalstrukturen. Das aktuelle
Spektrum der Teilnehmer reicht von Schülern bis zu
Universitätsprofessoren. Im Forum besteht Klarna-
menspflicht, was die Ernsthaftigkeit der Teilnahme
fördert.

Im Jahr 2008 wurde das Forum um ein Wiki zum
Thema Spinnentiere ergänzt. Ziel war es, im Forum
wiederkehrende Erklärungen und Bildmaterial dau-
erhaft verfügbar zu machen. Im Gegensatz zu Wiki-
pedia werden die Inhalte dieses Wikis ausschließlich
von einem registrierten Bearbeiterstamm gepflegt,
es kann also niemand unangemeldet Inhalte ändern.
Diese Restriktion ist notwendig, um die Qualität
und Richtigkeit der Inhalte zu gewährleisten. Das
Arachniden-Wiki hat sich über den ursprünglichen
Anspruch hinaus zu einer umfangreichen allgemein-
verständlichen Datenbasis zum Thema Spinnentie-
re (Webspinnen, Weberknechte, Pseudoskorpione,
Milben u.s.w.) entwickelt. Es besteht derzeit aus
23000 Dokumenten mit rund 13000 Dateien (vor-
wiegend Bilder).

Eine Vielzahl von Bildautoren lieferte und liefert
weiterhin Fotos sehr guter Qualität, auch von Epi-
gynen, Vulven und Pedipalpen, die der Illustration

der Wiki- Artikel zu Gute kommen und damit für
permanente Erweiterungen im Wiki sorgen. Viele
Arten und Verhaltensweisen werden hier erstmaüg
oder in einmaliger Qualität gezeigt, z.B. der Lebens-
zyklus der Großen Zitterspinne (siehe Link unten).
Alle Abbildungen sind durch Experten verifiziert,
einzelne Exemplare werden zur Nachbestimmung an
den jeweiligen Experten verschickt. Hinzu kommen
qualitativ hochwertige Genitalabbildungen und text-
liche Hinweise auf bestimmungsrelevante Merkmale
sowie einfache Bestimmungsschlüssel.

Wie das Forum war auch das Wiki thematisch
ursprünglich auf Mitteleuropa begrenzt. Wegen der
vielen internationalen Teilnehmer im Forum wurden
beide auf ganz Europa erweitert. Forumssprachen
sind Deutsch und Englisch.

Wiki und Forum sind, wie alle Webseiten der
AraGes, absolut werbefrei.

Innerhalb der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft
füngieren fortan Wiki und Forum als Arbeitsgruppe,
die durch eine fünfköpfige Kerngruppe geleitet wird,
welche Entscheidungen ggf. in Abstimmung und
nach Rücksprache mit weiteren Experten trifft. Die
Seiten sind zusammen mit den Seiten der AraGes
auf einen gemeinsamen Server umgezogen.

Für die AraGes eröffnet sich durch diesen Zu-
sammenschluss eine gut funktionierende Schnitt-
stelle zwischen Wissenschaft und interessierten
Laien. Während sich die AraGes mit ihrer Webseite,
mit Ausnahme der Seite „Spinnen für Einsteiger“,
vorwiegend an wissenschafdich orientierte Perso-
nen richtet, stellen Wiki und Forum vor allem für
interessierte Laien einen einfachen Zugang zur wun-
derbaren Welt der Spinnen dar. So können auch Be-
stimmungsanfragen von Laien einfach an das Forum
übertragen werden. Umgekehrt ist zu hoffen, dass
Forum und Wiki noch stärker vom Input der Mit-
glieder der AraGes profitieren können und damit die
inhaltliche Qualität weiterhin hohen Ansprüchen
genügen kann.

Ein (wissenschaftlich interessanter) Nebeneffekt
des Forums ist, dass so manche Nachweise seltener
Arten oder Erstnachweise durch das Forum erst pu-
blik werden und so den Weg in die Nachweiskarten

IX

Diversa

der AraGes und in Publikationen in den Arachno-
logischen Mitteilungen finden. Das Forum erweist
sich auch immer wieder aufs Neue als Quelle für
gute Fotos im Wiki.

Kerngruppe der AG „Forum und Wiki“ innerhalb
der AraGes:

Eveline Merches, Martin Lemke, Tobias Bauer, Kat-
ja Duske und Sylvia Voss.

Links

Forum: http://forum.spinnen-forum.de

Wiki: http://wiki.spinnen-forum.de

Lebenszyklus der Großen Zitterspinne: http://wiki.

spinnen-forum.de/index.php?title=Pholcus_phalangioides/

Beobachtungen/Pageler_J

AraGes: http://arages.de

Martin LEMKE, Eveline MERCHES & Ambros HÄNGGI,
spinnen@martin-lemke.net, merches_privat@sellexx.de, ambros.haenggi@bs.ch

Arachnologische

Norbert Milasowszky & Martin Hepner: First record of Sauron rayi (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in

Austria

Erstnachweis von Sauron rayi (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in Österreich 1-7

Dieter Martin: Erstnachweis von Evarcha michailovi in Deutschland (Araneae: Salticidae) sowie

weitere für Mecklenburg- Vorpommern neue Spinnenarten

First record of Evarcha michailovi in Germany (Araneae, Salticidae) and further spiders new
to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania 8-12

Michael Meyer: New record of a parasitoid worm (Mermithidae, Nematoda) in a spider of the

genus Trochosa (Lycosidae)

Neuer Nachweis eines parasitischen Fadenwurms (Mermithidae, Nematoda) in der Spin-
nengattung Trochosa (Lycosidae) 13-15

Anna Sestäkovä & Ivan Mihäl: Carinostoma elegans new to the Slovakian harvestmen fauna (Opi-

liones, Dyspnoi, Nemastomatidae)

Carinostoma elegans neu für die Weberknechtfauna der Slowakei (Opiliones, Dyspnoi, Ne-
mastomatidae) 16-23

Nils Reiser & Jonathan Neumann: Holocnemus pluchei (Araneae, Pholcidae) in Getränke- und

Baumärkten in Deutschland

Holocnemus pluchei (Araneae, Pholcidae) in beverage Stores and do-it-yourself Stores in Ger-
many 24-27

Volker Mahnert & Giulio Gardini: Cave-inhabiting pseudoscorpion species of the genus Roncus

(Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Western Greece, including the Ionian Islands

Höhlenbewohnende Pseudoskorpionarten der Gattung Roncus (Pseudoscorpiones: Neo-
bisiidae) aus West-Griechenland, einschließlich der Ionischen Inseln 28-37

Robert Bosmans: On the identity of the genera Anagraphis Simon, 1893 and Macedoniella Drens-

ky, 1935 with two new synonyms (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)

Zur Identität der Gattungen Anagraphis Simon, 1893 und Macedoniella Drensky, 1935 mit
zwei neuen Synonymen (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) 38-41

Diversa: Buchbesprechung: Muster & Meyer 2014 Verbreitungsatlas der Weberknechte Luxem-
burgsjörg Wunderlich wird 75 Jahre alt, Neue Arbeitsgruppe der Arachnologischen Gesell-
schaft (AraGes) mit Erweiterung der Webpräsenz: Arachniden-Wiki und -Forum i-ix

ISSN 1018-4171 (Druck), 2199-7233 (Online)

www.AraGes.de