LIBRARY OF

1685- 1056

*^'- i'it'^i'S^'*''^

ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA;

OR

Kllttsttations

OF

NEW, RARE, AND INTERESTING

INSECTS.

BY J. 0. WESTWOOD, F.L.S.,

Hon. Mem. Hist. Soc. Quebec ; Soc. Nat. Hist. Boston, U.S. ; Mem. Soc. Caes. Nat. Cur. Moscow ; Pliysiogr. Soc. Lund;

Soc. Roy. Scienc. Lille ; Soc. Hist. Nat. Mauritius; Soc. Cuvierr. and Pliilomat. Paris ; Lit. Pliil.

and Nat. Hist. Soc. Belfast, Richmond, Sheffield; Mem. Soc. Entomol. de France ;

Secretary Ent. Soc. London, &c. &c.

IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. II.

' Quand a nos yeux, a nos oreilles,

Tout parlait d'un Dieu createur,
PouiTons-nous admirer ces nombreuses meiTeilles
Sans rendre gloire k leur auteur ? "— Mulsant.

LONDON:
WILLIAM SMITH, 113, FLEET STREET.

MDCCCXLV.

LONDON :
BRADBURY AND EVANS, PRINTERS, WHriEFRIARS

ARCANA ENTOMOLOGICA

PLATES XLIX AND L.

MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDjE.
PART I.

[Having acquired, since the publication of my various memoirs
on the family Paussidae, which have appeared in the Transactions
of the Linnsean Society, vols. 16, 18, and 19 ; the 2nd volume of
the Transactions of the Entomological Society, and the Entomo-
logical Magazine, vol. 5, much additional matter relating to these
singular insects, as well as a considerable number of new species,
of which no figures have yet been published, I have thought that
a complete series of coloured figures of the entire family *, most
of them redrawn with care for the purpose of this work, would be
received with interest by entomologists.]

The family Paussidse comprises a small assemblage of exotic
coleopterous insects, varying from a quarter to rather more than
half an inch in length, the species of which are of extreme rarity
in collections (single individuals only of the greater portion being
known) ; and at the same time so remarkable in their structure,
that Latreille observed, " vainement chercherions nous dans tout
I'ordre des Coleopteres un genre qui nous offre des caracteres aussi
bizarres, et aussi insolites que les Paussus." — Nouv. Diet. d'H. N.
v. 25, p. 57.

* The figures accompanying my monogmiih in tlio Linnscan Transactions, published twelve
years ago, were uncoloured.

NO. XIII. — 1st MAY, 1843. B

2 MONOGRAPH OF THE

The following are the chief characters of the family.

PAUSSIDjE, Westw. ( Pa wssi/?, Latr. ; Pawsiirfes, Leach.)

Corpus oblongo-quadratum subdepressuin,rigiduiii. Caput subtriangulari-globosum porrectum,
collo instructum, antennffi permagnae crassae, difFormes, articulis 2-10, articulo basali cotn-
presso, parte reliqua antennarum plus miiiusve depressa: labrum corneum porrectum ; iiian-
bulse falcatse corneje aculse ; maxillae lobo satis magno, tenui, apice dentato, palpi maxillares
niagni. Labium corneum vel coriaceum : palpi labiales maximi. Thorax formae diversse.
Elytra postice quadrata angulo externo apicali tuberculo ssepius instructo. Pedes
subaequaies breves compressi. Tarsi breves 5-articulati in plurimis ; articulis baud lobatis ;
basali saepius minute. Abdomen thorace multo majus et elytris longius, e segmentis
4 constans, duobus intermediis multo brevioribus.

A short notice of the history of this family will show the great
increase which has been made in om* knowledge of its contents.
The genus Paussus was pi'oposed by Linnaeus in 1775, in a short
paper, in the Dissertationes Academicce, in which he also described
the genus Diopsis, and with which he terminated his entomological
career. Of the former genus he knew only a single species.
Thunberg, in 1781, described two more species of Paussus in
the Swedish Transactions, in which work the genus Cerapterus
was described by Swederus in 1778. In 17.98, Afzelius published
an excellent paper on the Paussi in the Linntean Transactions, in
which he described the then known species in detail, adding a new
one. Donovan added several new species of Paussus, in the "Insects
of India,"" and a new Cerapterus in his " Insects of New Holland,"
in which, for the first time, the relation existing between these two
genera was noticed. One or two other species were added by
Schiinher, Dalman, and Fabricius ; those introduced by the last-
named author not belonging to the family. In the various
memoirs which I have published, the number of species has been
increased four- fold, excluding several now proved not to belong to
the family ; namely, those constituting the genus Trochoideus W. *,
which, as shown by my dissections of one of the species published
in the Transactions of the Entomological Society, is referable to
the Endomychidse, and those which strictly belong to the sub-family
of which Malachius is the type f .

Of the habits of this family but little is known. The specimens
of Paussus sphserocerus captured by Afzelius at Sierra Leone, in
the months of January and February, were taken in houses by

"•= 1. Paussus cruciatus, Dalm., found in Gum copal. ; 2. Troch. Dnlmanni, Westw.,
from Madagascar ; 3. Troch. Desjardinii, Guer, from the island of Mauritius ; and
4. Troch. Americnnus, Buq., from Colombia. A 5th unnamed species is in the collection
of the Rev. F. W.Hope, from New Granada, probably identical with T. Americanus.

+ 1. Paussus flavicornis, Fabricius (Megadeuterus flav., Westw. ; Laius cyaneus,
Guer.). 2. Paussus ruficollis, Fahr. (CoUops 4-maculatus, Falir., Ericlison). 3. Mala-
chus vittatus, Say (Collops vittatus, Erichson, Megadeuterus Haworthii, Westw.)

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E. 3

night, falling upon the table from the ceiling, on the introduction
of lights upon the table. They are slow and steady in their move-
ments, and evidently of great rarity. I have received statements
of similar habits exhibited by several other Indian and Javanese
species ; and jMr. AVestermann states that the eight species of
the family captured by him, were all taken accidentally in houses
by night, flying about wood, whence he conceives them to be noc-
turnal and xylophagous. (Silbermann, Rev. Ent. No. 3.) A
species of Paussus was received by M. Dupont from Senegal, with
the statement that it had been observed to crepitate like the
Bombardier beetles ; and M. Payen informed M. Lacordaire that
the species which he had detected in the Moluccas and isles of
Sunda, possess the same power. (Lacord. Introd. ii., p. 57.)
M. Verreaux at the Cape of Good Hope, and Mr. George
MacLeay in New Holland, have detected species of Paussidae in
ants" nests : the latter having also observed that the species of
Cerapterus captured by him crepitates. A new species of this
genus has recently been received by Mr. Hope from Port Philip,
with the observation that it had been found under dried cow-dung
as well as under the loose bark of trees.

Afzelius also states that in looking at one of his specimens of
Paussus sphserocerus (remarkable for the globular, glossy, and
pale-coloured club of its antennse) in the evening, and happening
to stand between the light and the box in which it was enclosed,
so that his shadow fell upon the insect, he observed, to his great
astonishment, the globes of the antennae, like two lanthorns,
spreading a dim phosphoric light. He adds, however, that he was
" prevented from ascertaining the fact by reiterated experiments,"
as his specimen died. May not the reflected light falling upon the
semipellucid livid-coloured balls of the antennae give them the
described appearance I Or, may it not be accounted for precisely
in the same manner as the light emitted by the shining moss men-
tioned in Loudon's " Magazine of Natural History," (No. xv.
p. 463,) by the late Mr. Bowman ?

In their geographical distribution the insects of this family,
hitherto known, are natives of the old world, if we except the
species represented in plate 50, f. 2, which Mr. Miers has brought
from Brazil. The others are from tropical and southern Africa,
India, the islands of the Indian Ocean, and New South Wales ;
and one from the Balkan Mountains in Turkey.

The relations of these insects with other Coleopterous families

B 2

MONOGRAPH OF THE

has been the subject of much doubt. Afzelius separated Paussus
into a distinct fifth section of the Coleoptera, on account of its
antenna?, observing, however, that they bear so much natural
resemblance to Clerus, that their proper place in the systematic
arrangement will be next to that genus. With Clerus, however,
as well as with Cerocoma, (a relation proposed by Fabricius), or
Silpha and Hispa (as suggested by Swederus), the Paussidse can
scarcely be said to possess a single point of relationship. Latreille
united them, with many other groups, into a great tribe, under the
name of Xylophaga, intermediate between the Rhynchophorous and
Longicorn beetles. That they are related to some of the insects
introduced amongst the Xylophaga, appears to me to be the case ;
but, as has been proved by various later writers, many of the Xylo-
phaga belong to the great division Necrophaga, into which the
Paussidse must also enter, together with the Trogositidse and aber-
rant Cucujidse, " which last may perhaps be regarded as possessing
the greatest affinity with the Paussidse, more particularly when
we notice the depressed bodies, the formation of the antennae,
and especially the pentamerous tarsi in many of the genera
of that family, such as Catogenus, Clinidium, Rhysodes," &c.
Such is the opinion I expressed in my first Paper in the Linnsean
Transactions, after a very extended series of dissections of a great
number of allied genera of Xylophaga, and such is still my opinion
notwithstanding Mr. MacLeay (Annul, of S. Afr. p. 73) has given
me credit for having been the first to suspect the affinity of
Cryptophagus with the Paussidse, without having however expressed
myself very clearly upon the subject. It would indeed have been
extraordinary had T done so, because I never entertained such
an opinion.

Mr. JNIacLeay also states that Trochoideus certainly leads off
from the Paussidse to Myrmecoxenus, Chevr., Cryptophagus, &c.,
but in my opinion the first-mentioned genus does not possess the
slightest relation with any of the others ; in like manner the
relationship asserted by Mr. MacLeay to exist between the
Paussidse and Pselaphidsp, seems to me equally unnatural, since no
two groups can possess fewer points of resemblance in common.
" It would have been quite as natural to assert the relation of the
Paussidse with the Ozense, for the latter crepitate, their bodies
are polished, and their elytra furnished with tubercles at the outer
posterior angles, as in the Paussi."

The resemblance thus pointed out by me in 1888 has appeared

COLKOl'lKUOUS lAMlLY I'AUSSlD.i: . 5

to Dr. Burmeister to bo of greater importance than T felt and still
feel disposed to accord to it, since in a very philosophical memoir
published by him in Gu^rin's Maorasin de Zooloo^ic, 1841, ho has
endeavoured to prove that the Paussidse are nearly related to
the Carabid^, and especially to the Ozjense, considering them as
a group annectent to the Carabidae, in the same manner as the
Gyrinidse are attached to the Dyticidse.

My observations on the grounds on which Dr. Burmeister has
deduced this relationship will be given in treating on the genera
Paussus and Platyrhopalus, an examination of which led Dr.
]3urmeister to adopt these views.

The following is a sijnoptical table of the genera belonging to the
family : —

Antennae quasi lO-articulatae 1. Cerapterus, ^viEYi.

Antennae quasi 6-articulatae

Prothorax truncato-cordatus . . . . .2. Ceratoderus, Westw.
Prothorax transversus angulis anlicis rotuudatis ;

poslicis valde euiaieiuatis . . . . . 3. Lebioderus, Wkstw.

Prothorax angulis anticis valde pioduciis . . 4. Pentaplatarihrus, Westw.

Antennae quasi bi-aiticulatac.

Caput in protlioracem iuimersum : ocellis 2 . .5. Hylotorus, Dalm.

Caput in prothoracem liaudimmeisutn, collo distincto,
ocellis nullis.

Palpi labiales articulis aequalibus . . . 6. Platyrhopalus, Westw.

Palpi labiales articulo ultimo elongato . . 7. Paussus, Linn.

The various relations existing amongst the species of these
different genera, do not appear to me to allow of their arrangement
either in a linear or circular series in our present limited knowledge
of the family. Mr. MacLeay, adopting a series of relations pointed
out by me in the Linnsean Transactions, proposed to arrange them
in a circle by commencing with the Paussi, thence passing to
Platyrhopalus, P. Mellii leading to Cerapterus latipes, Cerapterus
MacLeaii to Pentaplatarthrus, by which last he returns to the
Paussi with a bipartite prothorax. Considering the discovery of a
circular arrangement of the species of a group to be the essential
proof of its being natural, it follows that all other genera which
appear to belong to the family must be rejected, " since, if inserted
in the above circular series, they appear to interrupt it." I con-
sider it however unquestionable that Ceratoderus, Lebioderus, and
Hylotorus, are as truly Paussideous as Cerapterus or Pentaplatar-
thrus, and to be groups as high in the importance of their charac-
ters as either of those genera which JNIr. MacLeay himself admits.

I shall accordingly describe the genera in the order given in the
above table, without wishing it to be considered as their natural

6 MONOGRAPH OF THE

linear series ; and shall, under each group, notice the relations it
appears to bear to the rest.

CERAPTERUS, Swederus.

Corpus depressum abdoniine elytrisque latis. Caput subtriangulare postice collo bievi cylin-
diico instructutu : oculi globosi valde promiiiuli : antenncc capitis fronte insertae pubescentes
perfoliatap ] O-articulatae, capite cnm tborace paullo longiores, articulo lino compresso
sublunari, reliquis latis depressis, 2 — 9 tiansversis, ultimo fere quartam partem antennae
constituente apice rotundato : lahrum mandibular et maxillae parvte. Palpi elongati
inaequales ; labiales crassiores. Elytia ad angulos posticos externos tuberculo instructa.
Tarsi breves 5-articulati in excavatione apicali tibiarum saepius recepti, articulis basalibus
crassioribus subtus setosis.

In the number of the joints in the antennae this genus stands
alone in the family ; several of its species, however, exhibit rela-
tions with some of the genera ; thus Cerapterus latipes bears a
strong resemblance to Platyrhopalus Mellii ; the Australian species
in their simple-formed prothorax and general form resemble the
species of Paussi in which the prothorax is not bipartite, whilst
C. Westermanni in its slender legs and dilated prothorax resembles
Lebioderus.

Mr. MacLeay, in 1838, in his Paper on this genus, (introduced
into Dr. Smith's Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, in
consequence of a new species of the genus having been brought from
thence by that naturalist) published figures of four species. I am
now enabled by the kindness of several correspondents to describe
as many as nine distinct species, which may be divided into the
following subgenera.

Sub-Genus I.— CERAPTERUS (stricte sic dictus).

Prothorax latissimus, lateribus rotundatis, antennas latissimae lateribus serratis articulo ultimo
maximo. Elytra abdomen tegentia Tibiae latissimae (in C. 4-maculato bicalcaratse, iu
reliquis ecalcaratae). Scutellum mediocre.

Species I. — Cerapterus latipes. (Plate 49, fig. I.) "C. piceus ; elytris macula apicali fla-
vescente subrotunda antice quadririentata postice lobata ; antennis rufis articulo ultimo in
tuberculo ad basin elevato." MacL. [Palpis labialibus sec. figuras Sweden articulo
ultimo paullo securiformi]. Long. corp. sec. fig. Swed. lin. 6.

Habitat in Orientc.

Syn. — Swederus, Kongl. Vetensk Acad. &c. t. 9, 1788, p. 203, pi. 6, f. 1. Westw.
Linn. Trans. 16, p. 669, and 18, p. 582. MacLeay Ann. Soc. Afr. pi. 4, fig. inf. sinistr.

The above description and the accompanying figure are taken
from Mr. MacLeay's memoir above referred to, as that gentleman
now possesses the original and still unique specimen described by
Swederus, who states that it came from Honduras ; but Donovan,
on the authority of General Davies, the original possessor of the
insect, stated it to be a native of Bengal. Mr. MacLeay further
adds, " Thorax capite duplo latior medio posticeque utrinque foveo-

COLEOl'l'KROL'S FAMILY PAUS^ilD.E. 7

latus, antennae lateribus convergentibus serratis, articulo ultimo
quatuor prsecedentibus simul sumptis longiore. Elytra tliorace vix
latiora. Tibiae rufse latissimse apice baud spinosse."

Species II. — Cerapterus Horsfieldii. (Plate 49, fig. 2.) C. piceus thorace antice emar-
ginato, clvtris macula apicale flavescente hand rotundata, litcram T quodaiumodo
siniulaute, palponim labialium articulo ultimo vakle securifoiuje. Long. corp. lin. 5^.
Habitat in insula Java, Dr. Horsfield. In the collection of the East India House, and
IVIr. Melly.
Syn. — Cerapterus Horsfieldii, Westw. Linn. Trans, v. 16, p. 672, v. 18, p. 583.
MacLeay op. cit. tab. 4, fig. sup. dext.

Mr. MacLeay from a careful comparison between Dr. HorsfieWs
and Swederus' insects, gives the following characters as distinctive
of this species.

"Caput nigro-piceum, antennis rufo-ferrugineis lateribus parallelis vix serratis articulo
basilari lobato, ultimo quinque prccedentibus simul sumptis longiore : thorax capita triplo
latior, postice utrinque subfoveolatus. Elytra thorace latiora : tibia; rufae apice baud spinosa;."

Species III. — Cerapterus qiiadrimaculalus. (Plate 49, fig. 3, and details.) C. piceo-uiger,
nitidissimus, prothorace (antice viso) subemarginato maculis duabiis magnis obscure
rufescentibus, elytris tenuissime punctalis maculis duabus magnis ovalibus prope
scutellum alterisque duabus apicem versus majoribus autice et postice lobatis rufo-fulvis.
Long. corp. lin. 5.

Habitat in insula Java, D. Westermann.

Syn. — Cerapterus quadrimaculatus, Westw. Trans. Linn. Soc. v. 18, p. 583.

Fig. 3* represents the trophi seen laterally in situ ; a is the
labrum, J, the two mandibles, c, the maxillary palpi, f/, the elon-
gated labium, and f?, the labial palpi, which are moderately securi-
form. Fig. 3 * * represents the same organs seen in front similarly
lettered. Fig. 3 : represents one of the fore feet ; and 3 ; one of
the hind ones, the tibiae in the four latter bicalcarated, and the
tarsi 5-jointed ; and fig. 3i" the under side of part of the body,
the deflexed podex being visible beyond the terminal joint.

Slb-Genus II ORTHOPTERUS, Westw.

Thorax latus (capite baud duplo latior): antennae longiores sublata; plana; lateribus subrectis,
articulo ultimo mediori. Elytra abdomen tegentia : tibiae spina apicali intus instructae.

Species I. (IV.) — Cerapterus (Orthopterus) Sniithii. (Plate 49, f. 4.) C. nigro-piceus sub-
nitidus, elytris macula fulva notatis, thorace latioribus et fere quintuple longioribua.
Long. corp. lin. 7^.
Habitat, South Africa within the tropic of Capricorn.

Syn. — Cerapterus Smithii, MacLeay op. cit. p. 74, pi. 4, fig. sup. sinistr. Westw, Linn.
Trans, v. 18, p. 583, and Entomol. Mag. 5, p. 502.

This is the largest species in the family. A unique specimen was
collected by Dr. Smith, and described and figured by Mr. MacLeay
in the " Annulosa of South Africa,'' from which work my figure
and description are derived.

MONOGRAPH OF THE

Sub-Genus III.— ARTHROPTERUS, MacLeay.

Caput thorace liaud augustius : thorax subquadmtus antico pauUo latior. Antennae sublatsc
lateribus hand serratis articulo ultimo mediocre. Elytra angusta abdomine breviora :
tibia; apice bicalcarataj angalo opposito acuto : scutellum niinutum : tarsi intra tibiarum
apices baud contractiles.

Species I. {Y .)—Cerapterns (Arthropterus) MacLeaii. (Plate 50, fig. 4.) C. rufo-
brunneus antennarum lateribus baud serratis; thorace subconvexo postice angustiore angulis
anticis rotundatis posticis acutis disco in medio vix canaliculato ; elytris oblongo-quadratis ;
pedibus rufo-brunneis. Long. Corp. lin. 4^.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia. In Mus. D. MacLeay.

Syn Cerapterus MacLeaii, Donovan, Ins. of New Holland, Plate 3. MacLeay, op.

cit. pi. 4, fig. inf. dext. VVestwood. Linn. Trans. 16, p. 672, 18, p. 384, and
Ent. Mag. 5, p. 503.

Mr. Francillon's unique specimen of this species is now in Mr.
Macleay's possession, from whose figure in the work above quoted
mine is copied.

Species II. (VI.) — Cerapterus (Arthropterus) Hopii. (Plate 50. fig. 5, and details.) C.
piceus punctatus nitidus setosus, elytris brunnco-piceis, antennis pedibusque nigrican-
tibus prothorace ovali postice truncate medio leviter canaliculato, antennarum lateribus
subserratis. Long. corp. lin. ir, — 5. Habitat in Nova HoUaudia. Port Philip. Mus.
D. Hope and Parry.

Several specimens of this species have been received by the Rev.
F. W. Hope, from New Holland ; namely, one from Mr. W. S.
MacLeay, who has suggested the specific name which I have adopted
above ; and others, from Port Philip : the latter captured under
bark, and beneath dried cow-dung.

Fig. 5 a represents the head from the front, and 5 h sideways,
* being the labium, f the mandibles, and o the maxillary palpi ;
the labial palpi, as seen in these figures, are of large size, and very
securiform. 5 c is one of the mandibles highly magnified ; 5 d one
of the maxillae, also highly magnified, with the basal portions sepa-
rately indicated for more easy comparison with the figures to appear
in the subsequent plates of this monograph ; 5 e represents the
labium and basal joints of the labial palpi as seen from the outside
of the mouth, the former of small size, and scarcely extended beyond
the extremity of the basal joint ; in 5/* (as seen within the mouth)
the two basal joints are seen to be soldered together, forming the
inside of the labium ; 5 y represents the mentum, which in this spe-
cies forms, with the two lateral pieces, a kind of collar, enclosing
the labium and base of the labial palpi ; .5 h represents one of the
hind feet ; and 5 i a fore-foot : all having two apical spines, and
the tarsi, especially in the hind feet, clearly seen to be 5-jointed.

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^.

Sub-Genus IV PHYMATOPTERUS, Westto.

Depressiusculus : caput thorace augustius : prothoras cordato-truiicatus medio loDgitudinaliter
impressus : antennsc latse serrat® : elytra oblongo-quadrata ad angulum externum
apicalem tubciculo instructa. Tibise lata; interne ad apicem bicalcarata;, angulo externo
opposite rotundato. Tarsi distiucte 5-articulati.

Species I. (VII.) — Cerapterus {Phymatopterus) piceus. (Plate 50, flg. 3.) C. piceus
tenuissime punctatus antenuis pedibusque rufo piceis, capito thorace]|minori angulis pone
oculos acute productis. Long. corp. lin. 5.

Habitat in Nova HoUandia. lu Mus. U. Curtis et Gory.

Cerapterus {Phymatopterus) piceus. Westw. in Ent. Mag. 5, p. 503 ; Linn. Trans, v. xviii.
p. .584.

Cerapterus MacLeaii?. Westw. in Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii. p. 95, pi. x. fig. 7.

Sub-Genus V.— HOMOPTERUS, Westw.

Depressiusculus : caput thorace pauUo latius vertice depresso ; palpi maxillares parvi graciles
articulo ultimo longiori attenuate ; labiales 3-articulati articulo Imo. minuto 2do. latiori
brevi angulis apicalibus acutis, Stio. maximo valde securiformi ; antennae longiores subplanaj
autic^ subserratae, marginepostico subcontinuo; thorax cordato-truncatus ; elytra elongato-
quadrata. Femora et tibifc latissima:, ha; apice ecalcarata; et pro receptione tibiarum
excavatae. Tarsi breves articulis intermediis subtus setosis.

Species I. (VIII.) — Cerapterus (Homopterus) Brasiliensis. (Plate 50, fig. 2, and details.)
C. fulvo-rut'esceus, tenuissime punctatus oculis albidis, vertice depresso, thorace intra
augulos posticos utrinque foveolato. Long. Corp. lin. 3^.
Syn. — Cerapterus Bra&iliensis, Miers's MS. Westw. in Linn. Trans, vol. xviii. pi. 39,
fig. C, a, and b.

" This insect was caught on the Corcavado Mountain, near Rio
Janeiro, by a negro whom I employed." — Miers's MSS.

The unique species above alluded to is now in Mr. Miers's rich
collection of South American insects.

Figure 2 a represents the head seen in front, * being the labrura,
and •}• the mandibles, which are more highly magnified in 2 b; 2 c
is one of the maxillary palpi ; 2 d one of the labial palpi seen late-
rally ; 2 e one of the antennae seen laterally, showing the broad
compressed basal joint and the depressed terminal joints ; 2/ are
two of the intermediate joints of the antennae ; 2 (/ one of the fore
legs ; and 2 h the abdomen seen from beneath.

Sub-Genus VI.— PLEUROPTERUS, fVestw.
Caput thoiace duplo augustius. Antenna; elongata; subplana;, articulo 2do. extus in angulum

acutum producto. Palpi elongati, labiales articulo ultimo crassioii vix securiformi.

Labium maximum rigidum. Thorax elytrorum latitudine lateribus margine elevato, postice

valde siuuato utiiuque in auriculam producto. Elytra oblongo-quadrata, basi bicostata ;

Pedes elougati graciles tibiis bicalcaratis tarsisque latis, subtus setosis 5-articulatis arli-

culis 1 et 4 minoribus.
Species I. (IX.) — Cerapterus (Pleuropterus) (Vestermanni. (Plate 50, fig. 1, and details.)

C. rufo piceus hand nitidus ; elytris nigris postice cruce rufescenti notalis, basi bicostatis,

disco longitudinaliler sub impressis apice rufescentibus. Long. corp. lin. 4^.
Habitat in Insula Java. In Mus. D. Wcstermanni.

I have named this species after the distinguished entomologist to
whose kindness I am so greatly indebted, for sending pie his unique

10 burmeistp;r on the paussid^.

specimens of this and several other species of the family, from
Copenhagen, for my examination.

Figure 1 a represents the head in front, and 1 b sideways — * being
the labrum, f the mandibles, and J the labium ; 1 c is one of the
fore feet ; and 1 d one of the hind ones.

The plant represented in Plate 49 is the beautiful Javanese
Rhododendron retusum, and in Plate 50 is figured the Rhodanthe
Manglesii, Lindl., from the Swan River Settlement.

EXTRACTS FROM PROFESSOR BURMEISTER'S
MEMOIR ON THE PAUSSID^.

(Mag. de Zool. 1841.)

After remarking upon the insufficiency of the characters derived
from the tarsi for the natural distribution of the Coleoptera into pri-
mary groups, and noticing that the structure of the wings has been
hitherto unemployed in characterizing the higher groups of beetles.
Professor Burmeister considers that in the latter character he has
discovered the true grounds for removing the Paussidse from all
the various families with which they have been associated, and
bringing them into the neighbourhood of the Carabidse. Consi-
dering the great service which has been long obtained by employing
the variation in the structure and position of the wing-veins in the
Diptera and Hymenoptera, and which has recently been extended
to the Lepidoptera by Boisduval, Lefebvre, and more especially
Milne Edwards (from whom we may shortly expect a most elabo-
rate memoir upon the subject), to the Orthoptera by De Haan, to
the Homoptera by myself, and to a portion of the Neuroptera by
Rambur ; it is surprising that this character should have received
so little attention amongst the Coleoptera ; and, without assigning
to it the primary importance attached to it by Burmeister, I
cannot regard his employment of it (as well as of the number of
segments of the abdomen, both in this memoir and in his Handbuch
der Entomologie, vol. 4) otherwise than as proofs of a deep and
philosophic spirit of inquiry,

" Je donne ici (observes Burmeister) quelques indications sur
la construction generale des ailes des Coleopteres. D'abord il est
necessaire de connaitre la construction de leur membrane, meme

BUKMEISIER ON THE PAUSSin.K. 11

pour voir si elles sont couvertes de petits poils ou glabres. La
petitesse des poils m'a fait longteraps croire que les ailes de tous
les Coleopteres en sont privees, eomuie se sont veritablement les
ailes des Lamellicornes ; niais un examen plus attentif, avec un
microscope compose, m'a montre que le plus grand nombre des
Coleopteres, comme les Carabiques, les Hydrocanthares, les Cy-
cliques, les Dimeres, les Mycetophagiens, ou la plupart des families
ont des ailes couvertes par des poils microscopiques. C'est aussi
le cas des Pausidse. Considerant, ensuite, la disposition des nervures
dans les ailes, nous remarquons que tous les Coleopteres ont deux
nervures principales, que je nomme nervure marginale et nervure
radiate. La nervure marginale est situee au bord anterieur de Taile
et est accompagnee generalement par une autre nervure, plus petite,
qui part aussi de la base de I'aile. La nervure marginale n'atteint
pas le bout de Taile ; mais elle se termine, a peu pres a la moitie,
aux deux tiers ou aux trois quarts de sa longueur, pres du bord
anterieur, par un articulation ; c'est le point dans lequel I'aile est
pliee, si elle doit etre couverte par les elytres. La nervure radiale
part de la base de la premiere, mais en divergeant sur un angle
plus ou moins grand, cette nervure se dirige vers le bord posterieur
de Taile ; mais elle ne I'atteint pas et se termine aussi par un
sorte d' articulation a la meme hauteur que celle de la nervure
marginale. J'ai trouvee ces deux nervures dans toutes les ailes
des Coleopteres, et souvent seules, comme chez les Cis, et dans la
plupart des genres contenant des especes tres petites ; mais, chez
la plupart des Coleopteres, Taile a des nervures accessoires. Ces
nervures sont situees, tantot entre les deux nervures principales
et tantot apres la radiale. Je nomme les premieres discoidales si
elles sont entre la nervure marginale et la radiale, et apicales si
elles sont apres les articulations des deux nervures au bout de
Taile : enfin, je nomme basales toutes les nervures qui sont situees
apres la radiale, au cote du bord posterieur de I'aile. Ces trois
groupes differents de nervures sont tres variables chez les dif-
ferentes families des Coleopteres et donnent un tres bon caractere
pour les determiner."' The wing of the Paussidse is then described
in detail, and figures of the wings of Platyrhopalus denticornis,
Calosoma sycophant a, Dyticus marginalis, Gyrinus natator, Cu-
cujus sp., and Bostrichus sp., are given by Dr. Burmeister,
who adds,

" Un suel regard montre une ressemblance geuerale parfaite entre
les ailes des Platyrhopalus, Calosoma, Dyticus, and Gyrinus;

12 BURMEISTEB ON THE PAUSSID^.

mais la plus grande difference entre lea quatre ailes des carnassiers
et celles d'un Cucujus et d'un Bostrlchus, genres aberrants de la
famille des Longicornes et des Rhyncophores. Nous avons ici,
en meme temps, I'occasion de voir I'iraportance de la confi-
guration des ailes pour determiner les families naturelles ; car nous
voyons les quatre ailes des Coleopteres, qui sont des membres d''un
seul groupe naturel, tout-a-fait semblable : mais celles des autres
groupes different, non seuleument de celles des carnassiers, mais aussi
entre elles ; et la meme ressemblance que Ton voit dans les ailes de
ces quatre carnassiers se trouvera si Ton compare les ailes des Longi-
cornes avec celles du Cucujus depressus, ou, d'un autre cote, si Ion
compare celles des Rhynchophores avec celles d'un Bostriclius.
Je le repete, les ailes de tous les carnassiers sont couvertes de
petits polls microscopiques, et nous trouverons les memcs polls a
I'aile d'un Platyrhopale."

Hence he considers that —

" Les Pausides sont des Coleopteres carnassiers, tres voisins des
Carabiques et remplacant la meme modification du type des car-
nassiers terrestres, comme les Gyriniens parmi les carnassiers aqua-
tiques."

He then institutes an extended and very careful series of com-
parisons between the structure of the various parts of the body of
the Paussidae and various carnivorous genera, and thus proceeds :

" L'analogie avec les Gyriniens n'est elle pas grande ? ceux-ci
n'ont-ils pas les memos jambes courtes et comprimees comme la
plupart des Pausides ; et les tarses des Gyriniens ne sont-ils pas
tout-a-fait particuliers et differents des tarses des Dyticiens ?
Cest pourquoi personne ne peut douter que ces deux families ne
soient les membres d''un groupe plus grand et naturel que nous
nommons des Hydrocanthares et qui est place a cote des Cara-
biques, dans le plus grand groupe des carnassiers. II est necessaire
de donner un nom general pour les deux groupes des Carabiques
et Pausides, qui forment ainsi les Coleopteres carnassiers terrestres,
et je propose le nom de Geolestes, derive de y?], terre, et de Xrjarrjs,
ravisseur, puisqu'ils sont des ravisseurs de la terre, comme les
Hydrocanthares les ravisseurs de Teau. Ainsi les carnassiers sont
determines et partages de cette maniere ;" the Geolestes composed
of two groups, 1 Carahidce, and 2 PaussidcB, and the Hydrocan-
THARis of two groups; S Dyticidae, and 4 Gyrinida:.

13

PLATE LI.

DESCRIPTION OF A GIGANTIC SPECIES OP CICADA, FROM INDIA.

Dr. Germar, in his excellent memoir upon the species of the
Genus Cicada, published in the 8th livraison of Silbermann'^s " Revue
Entomologique," has arranged them in the following manner : —

1. Fore wings transparent and hyaline.

A. Scutellum emarginate, sp. 1 — 3.

B. Scutellum not emarginate.

a. Head broad and short, eyes prominent, sp. 4 — 38,

b. Head triangular, eyes simple, sp. 39 — 47.

2. Fore-wings coloured, coriaceous opako, sp. 48 — 53.

3. Fore-wings coriaceous at base, with a transverse vein which divides them into two halves,

sp. 53—60.

It will be serviceable to compare Dr. Burmeister's arrangement,
given in the second volume of his " Handbuch der Entomologie,"
with that of Dr. Germar. It is as follows : —

1. Fore-wings at the base parchment-like, apical portion transparent hyaline.

a. Prothorax dilated at the sides. ' (C. stridula, &c.)

b. Prothorax not dilated, narrower than the head. "(C. philaemata, &c.)

2. Fore-wings not horny at the base.

A. Tarsi 3-jointed.

1. Lateral margin of prothorax not dilated into a plate.

a. Head small. - (C. Formosa, villosa, rufescens, &c.)

b. Head large; eyes prominent, i- (C. orni, &c.)

0

2. Lateral margin of prothorax dilated into a plate broader than the broad head. (C

olivacea Germar.)

B. Tarsi 2-jointed.

1. Prothorax with lateral dilatations. (C. tympanum, &c.)

2. Prolhorax not dilated at the sides, narrow. '- (C. mannifera, &c.)

The species represented in the accompanying Plate (by far the
largest of any hitherto known, and now for the first time figured),
enters into Dr. Germar's section 1. B. b., and into that of 2. A. i. a.,
in the arrangement of Dr. Burmeister. The following are its
characters : —

14 DKSCIUPTION OF AN INDIAN CICADA.

CICADA niT'ERATORlA, fVestuwod. (Annals of N. H.)
Plate 51.

C. luteo-fulva, capite et thoracis dorso maculis plurimis magnitudine et forma variis, nigris ;
mesothoraceque figiua trifida notatis ; pronoti lateribus in medio emarginatis et angii-
latis ; abdomine brunneo lateribus pallidioribus macula in singulo segmento utrinque
nicra ; alis flavido-liyalinis, venis fulvis ; anticarum venis transversis subapicalibus fusco
nebulosis maculisque septem versus marginem fuscis. Long. corp. unc. 3^. Expans.
alar. unc. 85^.

Inhabits the East Indies (Nepaul, &c.) and the Indian Islands. In my own and other
collections.

Tj
This fine insect is nearly allied to C.fusca Oliv. Stoll, Cigal, fig. 36,

from the west coast of Sumatra, as well as to the Cicada flavida, of

Guerin, figured in Belanger''s " Voyage aux Indes Orientales." The

specimen figured is a male, the drum-covers being visible at the

sides of the base of the abdomen, hiding the greater part of the

posterior femora on the underside. They extend no farther than

is here represented. If this species make a noise proportioned to

its size, it must indeed be loud. That of the small European species

has long been famous, as the Odes of Anacreon prove. Having

in the first volume of this work (p. 98) given an English translation

of his Ode to the Cicada, a German one by Ramler, quoted by

Burmeister, is here added.

©lucfUrf) ncnn" id) bid) pitabc !
2)ap bu auf ben {)6c|)ftett 35dumen
^on cin tpcnig Z\)a\i begctftevt,
5Jct)nUc^ eincm ^onig fingejl.
Sein get)6rct all unb jebcg,
5Ba^ bu in ben Selbern fd)auefl,
5ffia^ bic 3at)re^seiten bringen ;
©it finb Srcunb bie £anbben)ot)ncr,
Scil bu feinem Icbft ju Seibe,
Unb bie ©tcrblid)en oereljren
X)i^, beg ©ommerg \)Cilben SSotcn ;
Unb e^ tieben bid) bie 5)lufen
Unb c^ liebt bic^ '^t)oibo^ fclber ;
(5r gab bic bic flare ©titmtie ; —
5tud) ba'6 fitter bid) nid)t brdnget,
©el)er, (Srbgebornc, ©dnger,
Seibenlo^, ol)n' 25tut im Sleifcbe.
©d)ict bif! bu ben ©ottern d()nUd) !

The plant represented in the plate is the Indian Parochetus
communis.

15

PLATE LII.

ON THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF PAPILIO.

The species of Papilio hitherto recorded as natives of New Holland,
are very few in number. The following is a list of all those which
I am acquainted with as inhabitants of that portion of the world.

Species I. — Pap.Ilioneus, Donovan, Ins. N. H. (not of Abbot and Smith, Ins. of Georgia.)

Species II. — Papilio Canopus, Westw. in Ann. of Nat. Hist. ; of which figures will be
given iu a subsequent number.

Species III. — Papilio Capaneus, Westw. (Plate 52, fig. sup.)

P. alis supra fuscis anticis striga tenui subapicali ad costam dilatata lutescenti, posticis
caudatis macula magna straminea pone medium, in linea ad marginen analem ducta
lunulis tribus rubris ocelloque rubro et caeruleo ad angulum analem ; anticis subtiis
fuscis, striga obsoleta, parte ad costam pallida solum relicta; posticis pone medium
sevie irregulari macularum albarum ; luuulisque sex fulvis spatio interniedio caeruleo
irrorato ocelloque anali fulvo nigro et casruleo, incisuris albis. Expans. alar. unc. 4^.

Mus. Soc. Linn, et Entomol. Lond. D. Alex. MacLeay.

Spkcies IV. — Pap. Erectheus, Donovan, Hiibner, Exot. samm.
Pap. JEgeus, Donovan, Hiibner (female).

Species V Pap. MacLeayanus^ Leach, Zool. Misc. Hiibn. Zutr.

Species VI. — Pap. Sarpedon, Linn. Westw. Brit. Cycl, N. H. pi. for Butt.

1 iiave received an Australian specimen of this species from the Linnsean Society, being
one of a collection sent by Alex. MacLcay, Esq. It has not before been recorded as
inhabiting a more southern latitude than New Guinea.

Species VII. — Papilio Lycaon, Boisduval MSS.

A new species, very closely allied to P. Eurypilus of Clerck's Icones and Evemon Bdv. ;
figures of which, already drawn, will be given in a future number of this work.

Species VIII. — Pap. Antinous, Donovan, Ins. N. H.*

Species IX. — Papilio Sthetielus, MacLeay. Scarcely distinguishable from P. Epius.

Species X. — Papilio Anactus, MacLeay, in Append, to King's Survey of Aust. p. 458.
As no figure has hitherto appeared of this interesting species, I have represented its under
suiface in the lovver figure of Plate 52. It has been described as allied to P. Epius
and P. Machaon, but it has a much more striking relation to Papilio Cressida Fabricius.
The upper side diflfers only in having the pale spots on the fore wings rather more dusky
than beneath. I was first acquainted with this species from a specimen in the collection
of Mr. Lewis, of Kensington, the possessor of a fine collection of shells. I have since
obtained the species from a dealer in insects.

Species XI. — Papilio (Eurycus) Cressida, Fabr. Donovan. Cressida Heliconides, Swain-
son, Z. I. 2d ser. pi. 94.

Species XII. — Papilio (Eurycus) Harmonia, Fabr, Donovan.

The orchidaceous plant represented is the Australian Diuris
punctata, Smith.

* A butterfly, which ap[)ears to me to differ in no respects from Donovan's figure, stands
in the collection of the Jardin des Plantes, with the manuscript name of Papilio Alexander
attached to it.

16

TO A BUTTERFLY.

FROM HERDER.

Light and lovely thing of sky,

Butterfly !

Flutt'ring ever amid flowers,

Fed on buds and dewy showers,

( Flower thyself, or leaf with wings !)

Say, what finger rosy-red

Thy rich colours brings .''

Was 't some sylph that o'er thee threw

Each bright hue ?

Raised thee from morn's fragrant mist,-

Bade thee through thy day exist .f"

Ah, beneath my fingers prest,

Palpitates thy tiny heart,

E'en to death distrest.

Fly away, poor soul ! and be
Gay and free !

Thus, no more a worm of earth,
I shall one day flutter forth;
And, like thee, a thing of air,
Clothed in sweets and honeyed dews,
Each sweet flow'ret share !

17

PLATES LIII. AND LIV.

ON THE MUTILL^ OF NEW HOLLAND.

It is a curious circumstance, in reference to the geographical
distribution of insects, that the two Hymenopterous groups of
fossorial species, possessing apterous females, should be so un-
equally dispersed over the surface of the earth. Whilst the genus
Mutillae is found in every quarter of the globe, Thynnus is confined
to the southern hemisphere, and is here only met with in the Aus-
tralian and South American continents. It is further worthy of
notice, that whilst Thynnus is a numerous group in Australia and
rare in South America, the Mutillse of the western world are far
more numerous than those of New Holland and its dependencies.

It is most probable that the economy of both these groups are
identical, and that the females are sand-burrovvers ; and the males
attached to flowers rather than predaceous in their habits.*

Genus. — MUTILLA, Linnceus. i

The following are all the Australian species of Mutilla which I
have hitherto seen in collections, or of which I have met with the
descriptions : —

Species I. — Mutilla formicaria. (Plate 53, fig. 6.) M. nigra, capite cinerascenti-liirto,
thoiace nigro, scabro, lateribus vix tuberculatis, abdoraine nigio (subpiceo in certo
situ), linea dorsali macularum albo-cinerascentium lateiibusque abdominis albo-hirtis. ^ .
Long. Corp. lin. 9.

Syv.— Mutilla formicaria Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2, 368. Syst. Piez. p. 430.

Originally described by Fabricius from the Banksian Cabinet,
where the specimen still remains. The Rev. F. W. Hope has
recently obtained a specimen in Mr. Gould's collections from Port
Essington.

Species IL — Mutilla rugicollis W'estw. (Plate 53, fig. 5.) M. nigra nitida scabra, capite,
maculis dorsalibus pilisque lateralibus abdominis albo-cinerascentibus, thoracis angulis
anticis lateribusque tuberculato-angulatis, thoracis dorso punctis magnis oblongis, uieta-
thoraceque spatio elongato-tiiangulari impresso, abdominis segmento secundo magno
valde scabro, medio tenue punctato, plagaque rotundata albo-cinerascenti alteraque
semicirculari basali e pilis segment! basalis formatee, scgmentis reliquis etiam plaga
ejusdem coloris notatis. $ Long. Corp. lin. Dj.

In the cabinet of the British Museum, ticketed " Hunter, New

* A memoir on the habits of some Indian species of Mutilla, by Captain Boys, was read
at the Entomological Society, on the 5th June, 1843, in which are described the proceedings
of a male in the act of dragging along a dead cockroach, in a manner precisely similar to that
adopted by female fossorial insects, whilst prorisioning their nests. It is scarcely to be sup-
posed that a male Mutilla could have bren thus employed.

NO. XIV. — \st JULY, 1843. C

18 MUTILL.*: OP NEW HOLLAND.

Holland," and in the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, from

Western Australia.

Ols. — This species is very closely allied to M. formicaria, but is at once distinguished by
tlie structure of the thorax and sculpture of the body.
Species III. — Mutilla ferrur/inala, Westw. (Plate 54. fig. 4.) M. ferruginea punctata,
capite cinerascenti-liirto, ahdomine maciilis tribus e pilis fulvis iu medio marginis postici
segmentorum Imi, 2di et ultimi ; antennis pedibusque nigris, tarsis piceis, thorace ovali
antice Iruncato, dorso punctis regularibus rotundatis ; lateribus hand tuberculatis ; scg-
mento 2do abdominis magno in medio longitudinaliter impresso; dorso punctis oblongia
impresso. $, Long. corp. lin. 7.

In the collection of John Curtis, Esq., F.L.S., &c., from New
Holland.

Species IV Mutilla auraia. M. carulescens hirta, antonnis fuscis, abdominis segmento

prinio maximo macula magna dorsali aurata nitente ; reliquis segmentis basi atris ; alis
nullis. $ .

Syn.— M. aurata Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2, 368. Syst. Piez. p. 430.

Described as a native of New Holland, by Fabricius, from the
Banksian Collection. I have not, however, been able to discover
the species in the cabinets of the Linnsean Society.

Species V. — Mutilla riificornis. M. nigra, antennis rufis, ano pilis albidis tecto, alis atris. $ .
Syk.—M. ruficornis Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2, 369. Syst. Piez. p. 431.

Also described by Fabricius as a native of New Holland, from
the same collection as the last, but I have not been able to find
it there.

Species VI. — Mutilla Australasia. M. hirta nigra antennis rufis thoraccque hirto obscure
nifo, ahdomine ovato nigro segmentis 1, 2, ultimoque raargine ciliato albis, pedibus rufis.
M. ciliato triplo major.

Syn. — M. AustralasicB Fabricius. Syst. Piez. p. 433.

Described by Fabricius as a native of " Nova Cambria," from
the collection of Labillardiere.

Species VII. — Mutilla dorsigera, Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 4.) M. nigra, parum hirta
obscura, tenue at valde punctata, antennis pedibus, mandibulis basi dorsoque collaris et
thoracis obscure rufis, abdomine opaco, nigro, segmentis 1, 2 et ultimo striga marginal!
e pilis aibo-sericeis formata, cinclis ; thorace in medio lateribus parum angulatis capiteque,
parum latiore, abdomineque multo minoii ; pedibus antennisque brevioribus. $ . Long.
Corp. lin. 4^.

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. D. Lewis. In Mus. Westw.

I can scarcely think this to be identical with the M. Austra-
lasise, although it is closely allied to that species.

Species VIII. — Mutilla affinis, Westw. (Plate 54, fig. 2.) M. brevis robusta nigra
hirta punctata, thorace postice obscure feiTUo;ineo, abdomine segmentis 1 et 2 pilisque
analibus albidis, pedibus piceo rufis, antennis tarsipque obscuris, thorace supra tenue
oblongo-punctatis, abdomine breve-ovali tenuissime punctato. $ . Long. corp. lin. A~.

Habitat in Nova Hollandia. In Mus. Brit. No. 350.

Allied to M. dorsigera, but much more robust in proportion to
its size, and more obscurely coloured.

Species IX. — Mutilla lateralis. Westw. (Plate 51, fig. 3.) M. nigra subopaca punctata,
antennis raandibulisquo nigris, pedibus rufis, abdominis segmento basali supra, 2di late-

MUTILL^ OF NEW HOLLAND. ig

libns et subtus fenugineis ; hoc ctreliquis ad ma.ginem posticum pilis aureis ; facie ante
oculos plana et recte truncata. $. Long. corp. liu. 2^.

Habitat in Tena Van Diemenii. In Mus. D. W. W. Saunders, F. L. S.

Species X.-Mutilla elegans, Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 2.) M. tota csrulca nitida punc-
tata cinerascenti-hirta, antennis longis tarsisque nigiis, abdomine elongato, segmento Itno
petiolari, alis pallida ciuerascenti-hyalinis apice late fuscis. ^. Long. corp. lin U
txpans. alar. lin. 6|. ^ t> i a-

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. D. Ewing. Mus. Brit, et Westw.

In this species the veins separating the submarginal cells are
inserted into the marginal cell at nearly equal distances apart ;
and the first recurrent vein is received by the second submarginal
cell rather beyond the middle, whilst the second recurrent vein is
received nearly at the extremity of the third submarginal cell,
forming nearly a straight line with the extremity of the third sub-
marginal cell.

Species XI.-MutiUaabdominalis, Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 1.) M. nigra tenuiter punctata
hirta, capite scutelloque cmerascenti hirtis, abdomine obscure purpureo tenuissime punc-
tato pilis a] bis utnnqne ad apicem segmentorum 2di et ultimi ; pedibus nigris, tibiariim
4 posticarum et articulo basali tarsorum albis ; alis fuscis, hyalino-variegalis, segmento
basali abdominis parvo nodum parvum transvcrsum ad basin formanti, 2do magno cam-
panulato. ^. Long. corp. lin. 6. Expans. alar. lin. 11.

Habitat in Australasia. In Mus. Brit.

The insertion of the veins in this species is very similar to that
of the preceding species.

Species XIL-Mutilla morosa, W.stw. (Plate 54, fig. 1.) M. nigra punctata nigro-
hirta, thorace rugosc-punctato, abdomine fascia pilorum alborum ad apicem segmentorum
imi et idi, hoc parum constricto, alis hjalino et fusco vaiiis, .ipice late fusco. Long, corp
lin. 6. Expaus. alar. lin. 9^. s, f

Habitat "Swan River." In Mus. Brit.

Species XIIL-Mutilla concinna, Westw. (Plate 53, fig. 3.) M. capite magno, cyaneo
punctato antice bicorniculato, thorace parvo nigro oblongo-punctato, lateribus et subtus
terrugineis, abdomine magno a;neo nitido, sericeo, postice pilis aureis in maculas dispositis
ornato, antennarum articulo basali mandibulisque (nisi ad apices oblique emarginatos)
pedibusque ferrugineis. Long. corp. lin, 4^. i e /

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. Mus. Newman, Westwood, etc. The trophi do not differ
in this curious species from those of the rest of the genus.

Genus.— PSAMATHA, Shuckard.

This genus was established by Mr. Shuckard, in the Transactions
of the Entomological Society of London, for the reception of an
insect having precisely the habit of a male Mellinus, but remark-
able as being the only one yet characterized among the Mutillida?
in which the second sub-marginal cell receives both the recurrent
nervures,* in which respect it also differs from all the species of
insects of which Thynnus is the typical form, except the genus
Tachypterus Gu6rin. Dr. Klug having on this account omitted
the genus and its supposed female in his beautiful memoir on the
Thynni, recently published in the Berlin Transactions, I have been

* Shk. in Trans. Ent. See. ii. p. 69.
C 2

20 MUTlLLvE OF NEW HOLLAND,

induced to add a figure of it, and of Diamma cserulsea, to my
representations of Australian Mutillse.

As the genus Psamatha has been described at some length in the
work above referred to, it will be necessary only that I should
notice some peculiarities omitted by Mr. Shuckard ; these relate
especially to the structure of the mouth. The clypeus (plate -54,
fig. 5 a) is carinated down the middle, being produced in a trans-
verse lobe over the labrum, of which the anterior ciliated margin
is almost hidden. The mandibles are much curved, and terminate
in three acute teeth, the apical one being the largest. In the male
MutillcB the mandibles are simply bifid ; the same is also the case
with the majority of the Thynni. The Chilian Telephoromyia Guer.
and the Kangaroo Island Tachypteriis Guer. have, however, the man-
dibles bidentate within. The maxillte (fig. 5 h) in Psamatha do not
materially differ from the general form of these organs amongst the
fossorial species, with 6-jointed maxillary palpi ; the labium (fig. 5 c)
in my specimen is considerably exserted and emarginate at the tip,
arising from a very narrow carinated mentum, slender in front, and
with 4-jointed labial palpi. The ungues in all the feet are bifid,
(fig. 5 fZ), in which respect the insect agrees with the Thynni, and
differs from the Mutillse. The eyes are but very slightly emargi-
nate on the inside, whereas they have a deep notch in the male
Mutillse. The veins of the wings extend quite to the apical margin
as in the Thynni, whereas in the Mutillse they stop at some distance
from the margin. And lastly, the want of colour in these organs,
as in this insect, occurs in the Thynni more ordinarily than in the
Mutillse. The extremity of the abdomen (fig. 5 e) is incorrectly
described by Mr. Shuckard, as it has only one valve on each side
projecting beyond it (in my specimen being coloured whitish)
forming the quadrant of a circle, and externally fringed; the
apical ventral plate is truncate at its extremity, and not produced
into a spine as in many Thynni, nor bidentate as in the male
Mutillse.

Species I. — Psamatha chalybea, Shuckard. (Piste 64, fig. 5.) Chalybea nitida griseo-
pubescens, margine postico prothoracis albido, abdomine atio utrinque maculis quatuor
albidis, pedibus rufis basi uigris, taisis piceis. Long. corp. lin. G — 6^. Expans. alar. lin.
Ill '

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. Mus. Soc. Ent. Loud. Saunders, Sliiickard, et Westw.

I am indebted to W. W. Saunders, Esq., for this interesting
species.

MUTILL.K Ol' NEW HOLLAND. 21

DIAMMA, IVestw. (In Pioceedings of Zool. Soc, Apiil 14, 183.5.)
Corpus elongatum niticluni aptenim, tliorare in medio constrictum scgmcntisque abdoniiiiia
basi subcoarctatis. Caput subboiizoutale fere rotundatum. Clypeus (fig. 6 a) medio
longitudinaliter carinatus, antice in lobum traiisversiim, super labium productus. Ijibruni
maigine antico eiliato. IMandibula; longa; curvatse falcata?, intus etante apicem acutum
dentibus tribus a;qualibus armatre. Maxillai (fig. 6 b) lobo exteriio tenui margine
rotundato ; palpi uiaxillares gracilcs 6-articulati aiticulis 3 ct 4 longioribus. Mentum
corneum (fig. 6 c) elongatum labio in apice ejus retractile. Palpi labiales 4-artieulati
articnlis intermediis obconicis. Antennae breves convoluta; 12, articulata; articulo 'indo
minuto, apicalibus gracilioribus. Thorax quasi binodosus. Nodus anticus fererotunda-
tus e collari maximo constans. Mesonotum in annulura brevem angustiim contractum.
Mesostcrnum majiis, obliquum, et pedes intermedios gerens. Metatborax magnus nodum
posticum thoracis constitueus et spiraculis duobus lateralibus instructus. Abdomen
oblongo-ovale subdepressum segmento basali ad apicem constrictum. Pedes breviusculi
spinosi unguibus bifidis (fig, 6 d).

The very interesting insect, which is the type of this genus, is
closely allied to JNIyrmecodes Latr., or the females of Thynni and
to Myrinosa Latr. The peculiar toothing of the mandibles, is,
however, quite unlike that of those insects, whilst the elongated
maxillary palpi are still more unlike those of the female Thynni, T.
variabilis 9 for example, in which the maxillary palpi are extremely
short and apparently only 3- jointed, a peculiarity overlooked by
Dr. Klug in his Memoir on Thynnus, although it is one which
would have caused him to hesitate previous to sinking all the genera
established by M. Guerin. I' am unwillingly prevented at present
from entering into this part of the subject so fully as it deserves,
and shall only add that, in the females of Myrmosa, JSIethoca, and
Mutilla, the palpi do not differ from those of the males, which is
also most probably the case in Diamma. The very slight pilosity of
the body of the type of this genus, its polished surface, articulated
thorax, and bifid ungues, are all characters which it, however,
possesses in common with the female Thynni ; which appear to me
to be its nearest allies.

Species I. — Diamma bicolor, Westw. (Plate 54, fig. 6.) D. tota purpurea, cyaneo, vel
ffineo nitens, antennis pedibus mandibulisque rufis, his ad apicem nigris. Long, corp. lin.

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. In Mus. nostr., &c. Communic. Dr. Ewing, &c.

M. Guerin has described a female insect from Kangaroo Island
(in the Voyage de la Coquille, texte, p. 235,) under the name of
'■'•Diamma epldppiger ; Apterus, niger nitidus leevigatus mesothorace,
metathorace pedibusque fulvis." Like D. bicolor 9? it has 6-jointed
maxillary palpi, but the mandibles have only a single tooth within,
and Mr. Shuckard assures me that this insect is the female of
Rhagigaster unicolor, an insect which differs considerably from
Psamatha.

22 MUTILL^ OF NEW HOLLAND.

The plant represented in pi. 53 is the Australian Diuris aurea of
Smith, and that in plate 54 is D. maculata, from the same country.

" This is human happiness !
Its secret and its evidence are writ
In the broad book of Nature. 'Tis to have
Attentive and believing faculties;
To go abroad rejoicing in the joy
Of beautiful and well-created things;
To love the voice of waters, and the sheen
Of silver fountains leaping to the sea ;
To thrill with the rich melody of birds,
Living their life of music; to be glad
In the gay sunshine, reverent in the storm ;
To see a beauty in the stirring leaf.
And find calm thoughts beneath the whispering tree ;
To see, and hear, and breathe the evidence
Of God's deep wisdom in the natural world !
1 1 is to linger on ' the magic face
Of human beauty,' and from light and shade
Alike to draw a lesson ; 'tis to love
The cadences of voices that are tuned
By majesty and purity of thought ;
To gaze on woman's beauty, as a star
Whose purity and distance make it fair ;
And in the gush of music to be still.
And feel that it has purified the heart !
It is to love all virtue for itself, —
All nature for its breathing evidence ;
And when the eye hath seen, and when the ear
Hath drank the beautiful harmony of the world,
It is to humble the imperfect mind,
And lean the broken spirit upon God ! "

23

PLATE LV.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO HITHERTO UNFIGURED SPECIES OF THE
GENUS PAPILIO FROM INDIA.

Those beautiful species of the genus Papilio, which are for the
most part distinguished by having the ground of the wings pale
yellowish or cream-coloured, traversed by straight black fascise,
often extending across both the wings, and having the hind wings
terminated by long slender tails, and which constitute Boisduvafs
sixteenth group, appear to be dispersed nearly over the whole
globe, and hence from this cosmopolitan disposition, and the great
similarity which exists amongst the species, some confusion both in
the synonymes and habitats of several of them has taken place.
Thus the Papilio Nomius of Esper, (P. Meges Hb. P. Niamus,
Godart. Swainson, Zool. 111., 2 ser., pi. 32,) an insect now known
to be a native of India*, was described by Godart as an inhabitant
of Brazil, whilst Mr. Swainson even asserts that he took the species
in that country. Other allied species appear to be of the greatest
rarity in the East, amongst which may especially be mentioned
P. Telamon, of Donovan, a native of China, which we may now,
pei'haps, hope to receive; P.Dorcus Reimcardt, beautifully figured by
M. De Haan in the 6th plate of his splendid Memoir on the Papi-
liones of the East, and the two species represented in my plate ; of
these the two upper figures exhibit both surfaces of the wings of
an entirely new species, whilst the under figure represents the
underside of a species not hitherto figured, and of which a descrip-
tion of the upper side alone has hitherto been given to the public.

PAPILIO AGETES, Weslw. (Plate 55, figs. I, 2.)

P. alls pallidissime stiamineis costa vix virescenti, anticis fasciis 4 (teitia a basi abbreviata,)
niargineque apicali nigris, posticis margiue apicali nigro maculaque anali rubra. Expans.
alar. unc. 3;}.

Inhabits the East Indies (Sjlhet ?) Mus. Brit.

This elegant species is allied to P. Agesilaus, and especially to
P. Dorcus. The extremity of the discoidal cell in the fore wings
is connected with the costa by a small black conical mark, which in
some of the allied species becomes an additional fascia. The two
basal bars of the fore wings are carried across the hind ones beneath ;

* I have now before me a considerable number brought home by Colonel Hearscy, a gentle-
man devotedly attached to the study of the transformations of Indian Lepidoptera.

24 PAPILIONES FROM INDIA.

the second being marked near the costal margin of the latter with two
red curves, which, as well as the bases themselves, are slightly visible
through the wing, when seen from above; the dark margin of the hind
wings bears two white lunules, and these wings have a white marginal
spot below the anal angle, which is marked with a long red patch,
surmounted above by black, and resting on an oblique short black
streak.

PAPILIO GLYCERION, Gray. (Plate 55, fig. 3.)

This species was first very concisely described by Mr. G. R.
Gray, in the Zoological Miscellany*. Boisduval subsequently gave
a more detailed description of its upper side from a drawing sent
him by the former author. I have therefore preferred figuring the
under side. The upper surface of the fore wings differs from the
under in having the black bars at the extremity of the wing more
distinct and broader, and the under wings are much less varied with
the dark marks, which are confined nearly to the apical margin.
The space between the base of the tail and the anal angle is covered
by a patch of black ; the yellow spot is, however, not surmounted
by the black line.

I am indebted to Captain Parry for an opportunity of figuring
this rare species, which he received from Semlah, in the East
Indies.

The Nepalese plant represented in the plate is the Orchidaceous
Tribrachia reptans. Lindl. Coll, Bot., tab. 41.

* The Plates and descriptions of General Hardwicke's insects, quoted by Boisduval, have not
been published.

25

PLATE LVI.

ON THE LONGICORN COLEOPTERA OF NEW ZEALAND.

Captain F. Parry having placed in my hands for publication
some of the Longicorn species of beetles which he has recently
obtained from New Zealand, I have considered that it would be
serviceable to add to my descriptions a list of all the Longicorn
species, hitherto described as natives of that country, which is
accordingly given beneath, being chiefly derived from the Appendix
to Dieffenbach's Travels.

Species I. — Prionus {Prionoplus) reticularis, White, in Dieff, Trav, vol. ii. App. p. 276.

(Plate 56, fig. 1). P. piceo-fuscus ; facie, pronoto, et thorace subtus pills aureo-fuscis

tomentosis, elytris pallide reticulatis.
Long. Corp. lin. 17 — 18.

" This Prionus forms a section or sub-genus distinct from Sceleo-
cantha and Toxeutes of Newman (Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist,
v. pp. 14, 15), the latter founded on the Australian Prionus arcuatus,
Fabr. ; it differs essentially from Malloderes, Dupont (Guer. Mag.
Zool. 1835, pi. 125), and Aulacopus^ Serville (Ann. Soc. Ent.
France, 1832, pp. 144, 145), of the characters of the species of
which it partly partakes," — White, op. cit. Malloderes, founded
upon a Chilian insect, and Trichoderes of Chevrolat (Guer. Mag.
Zool. 1843, pi. 113), upon a Mexican species, differ from the
present in the armature of the thorax, each side of which, in our
insect, is armed with a short spine in the centre. The eyes are of
a very large size, the palpi short, the third and following joints of
the antennae terminated by a short spine. The male antennae are
rather longer than the body. All the femora are armed within at
the tip by two short spines, and the elytra are rounded at the tips,
with a short spine at the extremity of the suture.

Captain Parry's specimen is from Port Nicholson. Fig. 1 a, repre-
sents the head seen laterally, and fig. 1 b, the underside of the head.

Species II. — Phoracantha dorsalis,

Syn. — Stenochorus dorsalis, MacLcay, in Append, to King's Survey, ii. p. 451.
Phoracantha dorsalis, Newman, Ann. of Nat. Hist. v. p. 19 ; White, op. cit. p. 278.

Species III. — Coptomma variegatum, White, op. cit. p. 278.

Syn. — Callidium variegatum, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 2, 325 ; Syst. El. 2, 340 ; Oliv. 70,

tab. 5, fig. 58.
Tmesisternus var., Bdv., Giie'rin.
Coptomma vitticolle, Newm. Ann. Nat. Hist., v. p. 18,

26 LONGICORN COLEOPTERA OP NEW ZEALAND.

Described by Fabricius from the Banksian Collection, which
still possesses the typical specimen. Also in the British Museum
Collection, presented by Drs. Dieffenbach and Sinclair.

Species IV, — Coptomma sulcatum, White, op. cit. p. 278.

Syn. — Callidium sulcatum, Fabr. Syst. Ent., p. 189 ; Svst. Eleuth. 2, 340 ; Oliv. Eat.

70, t. 4, fig. 48.
Tmesisternus sp., Latr. ; Gu^r. ; Voy. Coq. texte, p. 130.

Described by Fabricius from the specimen still remaining in the
Banksian Collection.

Species V. — Coptomma lineatum. White, op. cit. p. 279.

Syn. — Callidium lineatum, Fabr., Syst. Eiit., p. 189 ; Oliv. Ins. 70, t. 4, fig. 50.
Tmesisternus sp., Latr. ; Guer. ; Voy. Coq. texte, p. 130.
Coptomma fusiforme, Newman, MS. in Brit. Mus.

Also described by Fabricius from the specimen still existing in
the Banksian Cabinet. It is also in the Cabinet of the British
Museum, although not so indicated by Mr. White.

Species VI. — Lamia crista, Fabr., Syst. Ent,, p. 176 ; Ent. Syst. 2, 268 ; Syst. Eleuth. 21,
p. 282 ; Oliv. Ins. 67, tab. 14, fig. 101 ; White, op. cit.

Described by Fabricius from the Banksian Cabinet.

Species VII. — Lamia pulverulenta, Westw., (Plate 56, fig. 5).

L. nigra obscura, albida pulverosa, thoracis lateribus inermibus, elytris nigro-bifasciatis
fulvoque costatis, antennis pedibnsque albido fasciatis, illis externe setosis.
Long. Corp. lin. 9,
Inhabits Port Nicholson, New Zealand, Mus. Parry.

This curious species differs from all the other Lamiae, and some-
what approaches Tmesisternus in the form of the head. I am not,
however, sufficiently acquainted with the distribution of the Longi-
corn beetles to warrant my proposing a new genus for its reception.
The head (fig. 5 a) is rather elongated behind the eyes, with the
front part nearly perpendicular ; it has two whitish lines behind ;
the palpi are short (fig. *) with the extremity rather pointed ; the
antennae are 11-jointed, the third joint being the longest, and all
the joints being fringed on the outside with hairs, alternately
coloured as the joints themselves, the bases of which are white and
the extremities black. The thorax is nearly rounded, with the
sides unarmed ; the elytra are convex, the humeral angles pro-
minent, and the hind part much attenuated and deflexed ; the tips
not spined but pilose ; along each run four slender, fulvous, elevated
costse, which do not extend to the tip ; the middle of the elytra
are ornamented with two interrupted black fasciae ; the legs are
varied with black and whitish colours, the extremity of the tibisc
being externally setose.

LONGICORN COLEOPTERA OF NEW ZEALAND. 27

Species VIII. — Cerambyx striyipennis, Westw. (Plate 56, fig, 6).

C. sordide luteus, piceo longitudinaliter striatus, thoracis dorso et lateribus tuberculatis,
antennis nigro annulatis, pedibus gracilibus pallidis.
Long. Corp. lin. 11.
Habitat Port Nicbolson, New Zealand. Mus. Parry.

The head is broad in front before the eyes, and with the face
rather obhque (fig. 6 a), and truncate, and the parts of the mouth
are small; the mandibles short (fig. 6b), and black at the tip;
the palpi also short, the maxillary ones scarcely longer than the
labial (fig. 6 c) ; the antennae are shorter than the body, with the
first joint clavate, the third and several following of nearly equal
length, with the base of the joints black ; the head has a dark
central line, and the space behind the eyes is also dark-coloured ;
the thorax is constricted near the front margin, and dilated on
each side into a short, thick, conical spine ; the disk has also four
elevated tubercles, placed thus, .". ; the middle of the thorax is
marked with a dark line. The elytra are long and nearly parallel,
with the suture and five longitudinal streaks on each, of pitchy-
brown ; the first not extending to the base, the second and fourth
united together near the tip, the third being insulated by them,
the fourth much abbreviated at the base, and the fifth slender and
submarginal ; the feet are slender and simple, the femora being
very slightly clavate.

Species IX. — Stenoderus Sinclairi (Flatte 56, fig. 3, and 3 a, head seen laterally). S.
prasino-viridis sericeo-opacus, pedibus antennisque rufis, thorace utrinque spina armato,
elytris tenuissime puuctatis et flavido margiaatis disco sub-bicostatis, abdomine piceo-
rufescenti.

Long. corp. lin. 4^.

Syn. — Callichroma (Calliprason) Sinclairi, White, op. cit. p. 277.
Habitat New Zealand, D. Sinclair. Mus. Brit,

The eyes are very large and nearly rounded ; the antennae are
11-jointed, slender, with the first joint long and clavate, the terminal
joints rather thicker than the preceding ; the thorax is narrowed
both behind and before the middle, where it is armed on each side
with a spine.

Mr. White considers this insect as a new sub-genus, near to
Promeces, Serville, and as one of the links connecting the Ceram-
bycidse with the Lepturidse.

Species X. — Xylotoles grisevs. (Plate 56, fig. 2.) X. griseus scutelli niaigine elytrisque
lineolis aliquot brcvissimis flavidis ; basi punctis impressis apice vix acuminatis, pedibus
fuscis femoribus clavatis antennisque fuscis.

Long. corp. lin. 4^.

Habitat New Zealand, Mus, Banks et Mus. Brit.

Syn. — Saperda grisea, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 186 ; Ent. Syst. I, 2, 313 ; Syst. El. 2, 324.
Xylotoles griseus^ AVhite, op. cit.

28 LONGICOKN COLEOPTERA OF NEW ZEALAND.

Species XI. — Xylotoles lentus, Newman, Entomol., No. 1, p. 12.

Species XII. — Lamia heteromorpha, Bdv. Voy. Astrol. 2, 505. I believe species XI. and
XII. to be identical witb Xylotoles griseus.

Species XIII. — Xylotoles lynceus. White, op. cit. p. 279.

^Yv.—Saperda lyncea, Fabiicius, Ent. Sjst. 1, 2, p. 313 ; Syst. Eleuth. 2, 323.

Described by Fabricius as a native of New Zealand, from the
Banksian Cabinet, in which the typical specimen is still preserved.
Its elytra, divergent at the tips, at once separate it from the pre-
ceding species.

Species XIV. — Obrium Fabricianum, Westw.

Syn Clytus minutus, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 192 ; Ent. Syst. 2, 332; Syst. El, 1, 2,

p. 346 ; Oliv, Ins. 70 ; Fab. 5, fig. 56.
Nee Obrium minutum, Auct. hodiern.

Described by Fabricius as a native of New Zealand, from the
Banksian Cabinet, where the typical specimen still exists, although
in a bad state of preservation. The species is very closely allied
to the following, of which it might perhaps be considered an imma-
ture individual, were not the joints of the antennae black at the tips.

Species XV. — Obrium gutdgerum, Westw. (Plate 56, fig. 4.)

O. cyaneum nitidum, elytris magis purpurascentibus basi subtuberculatis, singiilo plag.a
magna medianarotundata albida parum elevata, articulis omnibus antennanim ad apiccm,
apicibusque clavatis femorum nigris. Caput antice fulvo-purpureum, tropliis brevibus
rufescentibus, mandibularum brevium apicibus nigris, thorax elongatus ante at pone
medium valde constrictus, medio rotundato gibboso. Tibiae et tarsi pallide testacei.

Long. Corp. lin. 2'|.

Habitat Port Nicholson, New Zealand. Mus. Parry,

Species XVI. — Saperda tristis, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 186, and Ent. Syst. vol. iv.. Appendix,
p. 453 — (where Fabricius has corrected the errors in the transposition of the names of
the species described by him in vol. i. pare 2, p. 314 of that work, where the S. lineata,
from Zanguebar, was described under the name of tristis.)

The species was described by Fabricius in his earlier works
correctly as a native of New Zealand, from the Banksian Collection,
where the typical specimen is still preserved. In the Syst. Eleuth.
(2, p. 326) by another strange error Fabricius assigns Germany as
the native country of the species.

Species XVII. — Saperda villosa, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth. 2, p. 320 ; White, op. cit.

Syn. — Saperda hirla, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 2, p. 309 (nee. S. hirta, Fabr. Ent. Syst, 1,
2, p. 317, ex Italia).

Described by Fabricius as a native of New Zealand, from the
Banksian Cabinet, in which the typical individual is still preserved.

29

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF
NEW WORKS, &c.

(No. XIV.)

King's College, London. — In the very large collection of objects
of nature and art, presented to the museum of this institution last
year by Her Majesty, and which was collected at Kew for the
education of the family of King George III., was a considerable
collection of insects, made, as it was stated, under the direction of
Sir Joseph Banks, and other naturalists, his friends. Having, on
the occasion of the opening of this museum, on the 22nd June
(1843) had an opportunity of examining this collection, I can
but express the disappointment I felt on not finding therein
any of those species of insects which Sir Joseph Banks brought
home from the islands of the Southern Ocean, of which it seemed
probable that duplicates would have been presented to the cabinet
of his royal patron. The only insects of value which I observed
on a cursory view, are Papilio Cressida, P. Harmonia, the latter in
fine preservation, as is also a specimen of P. Pelaus ; several of
the large species of -^geria with very hairy hind legs ; several
fine species of Mantis and a large species of Xya. The collection
was kept in glazed drawers, each insect stuck in a small square
pasteboard tray, turned upside down, into which some waxen
secretion had been poured.

AsHMOLEAN MusEUM, OxFORD. — This very interesting and well-
kept collection has recently received a valuable donation, consisting
of a cabinet of insects of all orders, from Sylhet or some of the
adjacent parts of India, in which many of the new and splendid
species recently described by the Rev. F. W. Hope are comprised.
It likewise contains several species of Papilio which appeared to
me, on a casual examination, to be undescribed, as well as a
specimen of the singular P. Payeni, being, I believe, the only
specimen of that insect in this country.

Zoological Society.— The Earl of Derby, President of this
Society, has recently presented to it a very extensive and valuable
series of insects, from the hilly and hitherto unknown country in
the interior of the south of Africa, lying between 25° and 26° S.
lat., and 27° and 28° E. long., collected by Mr. Burton, as noticed

30 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

in vol. i. p. 174 of this work. In addition to the splendid goliath-
beetles, described in my former volume, the collection is very rich in
Anthise, Graphipteri, a new and singular large species of Cicindela ;
several new Dromicse, several singular Creraastocheili and Longi-
corn beetles (of which I have made drawings and descriptions for
publication in this work). The collection comprises all the orders
of insects, and is extremely interesting in an entomo-geographical
point of view. A second selection has been presented by the Earl
of Derby to the British Museum.

Insects of Sicily and Corfu. — The insects of these two inter-
esting localities have recently been closely investigated by A. Melly,
Esq., and the Rev. Mr. Kuper, who have lately returned home
from thence, bringing with them extensive collections, preserved
with the greatest care, and comprising numerous series, especially
of minute species of Coleoptera, many of which are quite new, both
generically and specifically. An extensive selection of the species
from Corfu has been presented to the Entomological Society by the
latter gentleman.

Insects from Sylhet, the Kasyah Hills, and the adjacent
PARTS OF India. — In addition to the cabinet recently presented to
the Ashmolean Museum, mentioned above, several collections of
insects from these hitherto scarcely known districts of India have
within the last few months arrived in England. One of consi-
derable extent has been sent to R. H. Solly, Esq. ; another
received by the Rev. Mr. Stainforth, was subsequently sold,
when the Rev. F. W. Hope obtained the Coleoptera, Orthoptera
(containing some splendid Grylli), Homoptera (including some
beautiful Fulgoridse, &c.), and Mr. H.Doubleday the Lepidoptera.
The Lepidopterous portion of another large collection, subsequently
arrived, has been purchased by the British Museum, in which was
comprised the new species of Papilio, figured in Plate 55. The
Coleoptera of this collection were purchased by Captain Parry, and
the other orders by the Rev. F. W. Hope, who has likewise
received another collection from the same country, through the
agency of Dr. Cantor. The Entomological Society of London has
also received a considerable collection from Mr. M'Clelland ; and
within the last few days I have received a small but interesting
collection of Assamese species, from W. Robinson, Esq., of Gowliatti,
E. I. containing various new and interesting species, which I
propose to figure in future Numbers of this work.

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE 31

HrsToiRE DES Insectes nuisibles a la Vigne, et particulit^remeat de la Pyrale,
qui devaste les Vignoblcs des departements de la CAte d'Or, &c., avec Tindication des
moyens qu'on doit employer pour la combattre. Par M. VrcTOK Audouin. Paris,
Fortin-Masson. 1842, large 4to, 350 pp. 23 coloured Plates.

The publication of this splendid work at length enables ento-
mologists to appreciate the vast loss which their favourite science
hns sustained in the lamented decease of M. Victor Audouin, and
to determine his legitimate station amongst the " heroes scientiae."
This work clearly shows the manner in which the study of insects
was converted into a science by one of its most talented professors,
and at the same time rendered beneficial to the great mass of man-
kind. Tt will also clearly prove to those who do not care to form
collections of species, that the investigation of the habits of a single
insect is sufficient to prove a great mine of enjoyment, and that
entomologists may find sufficient employment for a life without
moving far beyond the precincts of their own abodes.

The situation which was so well filled by M. Audouin, united to
the great interest with which he regarded everything connected
with the habits and economy of the insect tribes, especially fitted
him to undertake the investigation of the economy of and deter-
mine the practicability of remedies against a small Lepidopterous
insect, the Pyralis (Tortrix), Vitana Fabr., which had proved
extremely injurious to the vines of France, thereby materially
affiicting one of the great resources of part of the kingdom. The
result of these investigations is now given to the scientific world
under the auspices of the French Government. And whether we
regard the work as affi^rding a complete view of the natural history
of the insect, in all its states, as well as that of its various enemies,
as a minute detail of structural peculiarities, both internal and exter-
nal of the insect in its different states, as a bibliographical notice of
the insect, or a practical suggestion and application of remedies,
this Memoir cannot be otherwise considered than as one of the
most perfect entomological illustrations which has ever yet ap-
peared. The plates are exquisitely engraved, the whole of the
anatomical figures being from the pencil of the author himself.
Those plates which represent the various modes and stages of the
attacks of the insects upon the vine, are very beautifully drawn
and coloured. The whole work, in fact, affords a specimen of what
an entomological treatise ought to be.

32 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

Verhandelingen over de Natuurlyke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche

Bezittingen, &c. Fol.
Faona Japonica, sive Descriptio Animalium quae in Itinere per Japoniam suscepto

ann. 1823—1830, collegitPh. Fr. De Siebold conjunctis studiis — W. De Haan, pro

invertebrata elaborata. Lugd. Batav. Fol. Livr. 1—5.

These noble works are as honourable to their distinguished
author and royal patron as they are worthy of the national insti-
tution from which they proceed, and of they subjects therein repre-
sented. Well, indeed, may the Museum of Leyden have arrived
at its present high fame, when those who contributed to its stores
perceive in how fitting a manner their contributions to the national
treasures are made available to the scientific world. The work
first above mentioned has already been noticed in the 1st volume of
the Arcana (p. 47,) wherein the first part of the entomological por-
tion, comprising the genus Papilio, was shortly mentioned, A
second portion has since been published devoted to the Orthopte-
rous insects. In the introductory observations upon each family
its entire generic distribution and structural peculiarities are de-
tailed, so that the work cannot in this respect be considered as
confined to the Orthoptera of the East, The text of this livraison
is occupied with the families Blattidse, Mantidse, and Phasmidae,
a complete list of the Eastern species known to the author being
given, together with the descriptions and figures of a great number
of new ones, some of the latter being of great singularity. The
plates are beautifully executed, and afford a splendid specimen of
the capabilities of drawing on stone. Nothing equal to them has
yet appeared in this country.

The second work above mentioned is devoted to the Brachyurous
and Macrourous Crustacea, which are described and illustrated in a
manner which leaves nothing to be desired, (if we except the want
of colouring in the plates). The generical and subgenerical details
are very elaborate, and all the species are represented of the
natural size, several requiring double folio plates.

33

PLATE LVII.

DESCRIPTION OF SOME HOMOPTEROUS INSECTS
FROM THE EAST INDIES.

In a former page (13) I gave a sketch of the arrangements of
the species of the genus Cicada, proposed by Drs. Germar and
Burmeister. Within the last few days has been pubhshed, M.
Serville''s volume on the Hemiptera, in the Suites a Buffon, in
which, adopting the principle that every group of species logically
constitutes a genus, we find the genus Cicada of modern authors
broken up into the following genera : —

HOMOPTERA.
AUCHENORHYNCHI (Cicadariae Lati).
1 Fain. Stridulantes ;

1 Tribe. Reticelli ;

composed of the genera POLYNEURA.' CYSTOSOMA and*^ HEMIDICTY A. (See Arc.
^ Eat. 1. pi. 24.)

2 Tribe Octicelli;

-. I Group Tosenides (Div. 1, Heniipterae Burm.)

G. Tacua. — Type Cicada speciosa Wied. (C. indica Donov. Java)
G. xosENA. — Type C. fasciata Fab. (Java.)

.9^C. Mearesiana, Westw. Arc. E. pi. 25, fig. 1 (Himalaya.)

GPPycna Typd^ C. Strix. Brulle. R. An. Ed. Crocbard.

pi. 95. f. I. (Madagascar.)
G. GaiANA. — Type'C. Maculata Fabr. (China.)

?'-^^. Dives, Westw. Arc. Eat. pi. 25, fig. 2. (Sylhet.)
G. HuECHYs. — Type'C. Sanguinea, De G. (China.)

C. Philsemata, Fabr. Germ. (China.)

. ?C. Lncarnata, Germ. (Sanguinolenta, Brulle.) Java.

G. Platypleuiia. — Type C. Stridula Linn. Fabr. (Catenata, Drury.) (C. G. Hope.)

Addkj. Capensis L.—tL^ decora Germ — C. divisa, Germ.— C. hirti-
pennis Germ.— C. plumosa, Germ.,-yC. semiclara, Germ. —
Q ,^ ^G. nobilis, Germ.

G. Hemisciera — Type H. maculipennis, Lap. (f versicolor, Brulle ; sumptuosa, Blanch.)

Brazil.
G.-'MoGANNiA. — Type M. illustrata* Serville, pi. 9, fig. 4. (Java.)
2 Group. "Cicadides.
With the base of the Elytra entirely membranous.
G?Zammaraj— Type^. Tympanum, F. (Brazil.)

OZ. Strepens*^C. Tympanum, Pal. B.)
G. OxYPLEURA. — Type O. Clara, Serville. (Africa.)

0 O

G. Tettigades Type T. Chilensis, Serv. (Chili.)

G. Cyclochila. — Type C. Australasise, Donov. (N. Holl.)
G.''T)uNDUBiA. — Type'C. Vaginata, Fab. (Java.) ,

AddTZ!. chlorogaster, Bdv. ;''C. doryca, Bdv.,"^Tettig. spinosa, Fabr.
G. Thopha. — Type Tettig. saccata, Fabr. (China.)

^C. perulata Guer. (Port Jackson.)
^ _

* This is the Cicada rostellata De Haan, in litt. M. Serville's figure incorrectly represents
the fore wings with a dark spot at the tips.

NO. XV. \st SEPTEMBER, 1843. D

34 NEW HOMOPTEROUS INSECTS

€>
-Type T. Mannifera, Fabr. (Cayenne.)
"C. Opalina, Germar. (Brazil.)

fl A '

G. CicADi.— Type C. Fraxini, C, Ormi.

G.'TiBicKN, Latr. — Type T. Sanguinea, F. (C. haematodes, Oliv.)

gPTettigomyia.— Type\. Vespiformis, Stoll, pi. 29, f. 173. (Afiic;i.)

G. Cauineta. — Type C. Formosa Germ. (Polychroa Perty). Bi:izil.
Tettig. villosa Fabr. (C. G. Hope.)

These various genera are entirely established upon external cha-
racters, especially the relative size and form of the head, prothorax,
and sonorous organs ; and, as most of the types of these groups are
well known species, I have not thought it necessary to detail their
characters.

The two species ofCicada, represented in the accompanying plate,
appear to enter into M. Serville's genus Gseana ; the fore- wings
being entirely opaque (Syn. art. 720), the sides of the prothorax not
dilated (art. 726), and the front of the head rounded (art. 727.)
There is,however, considerable diversity between these two species
in the comparative breadth of the wings.

c

CICADA PULCHELLA, Westw. (Plate 57, fig. 1. $)
(Royle's Himalaya, pi. 10, fig. 2.)

Nigra capite tboraceque sulphureo-maculatis, alarum dimidio basali sulpbureo (in alis anticis
fascia nigricanti obliqua diviso) apicibus flavido-fiiscis, venis in partibus obscuris nigris.
Expans. alar. line. 3^.

Habitat in Himalaya, &e. Mus. nostr. &c. (J , $ .

The abdomen beneath and on each side at the extremity is
spotted with yellow, the fore-wings are broadly wrinkled as in C.
maculata, and the drum-covers of the male are small, leaving the
striated internal membrane broadly exposed.

^CICADA 8-NOTAT A, JFes^M). (Plate 57, fig. 2. ? )

Nigra, capite fascia frontali et postica, fasciaque postica prothoraeis metathoraceque flavidis,
mesothorace lineis duabus irregularibus flavidis, abdomine sanguineo segmentis basalibus
supra in medio nigro maculatis ; alis anticis fusco-nigricantibus, singula maculis 4
albidis venisque tenuissimis rubris ; alis posticis sanguiiieis nigro-limbatis.

Long. Corp. lin. 11^. Expans. alar. unc. 2, lin. 7.

Habitat in Assam. Mus. Westw. ^ , $ .

I am indebted to Mr. Robinson for this interesting novelty,
which is closely allied to^C. dives VV. figured in pi. 25 of this worlf,
from Sylhet. Like that species, the present has rather narrow
fore-wings, which have the surface very closely wrinkled with
transverse furrows.

FROM THE EAST INDIES. 35

Genus.— CYRENE, Westw.

Corpus breve crassum abdomine compresso. Caput fronte codIco longo, porrecto, apice acuto,
supra ad lateia carinatum, carinis ante apiceoi obliteratis, postice ad piolhoracem extensis.
Oculi raagni luterales subtus eiuaiginati (fig. 3 a, 3 b ). Ocelli nulli. Antciiiiie parvoe
sub oculos insertai. Promuscis mutilata. Prothorax mesothoracis longitudine, disco
punctis duobus ia medio impiessus. Hcmelytra coiiacea opaca homogenea convexa laia,
niargine antico sinuato apice rotuiidato, augulo postico acuto; venis pariim raraosis. Pedes
breves robnsti, tibiis posticis ciuvaiis, intus versus apicem 3-spiiiosis (fig. 3 e). Abdomen
apice tiuncato in lobos duos teruiinatum, appeudiculo tenui erecto apice concavo inslruc-
tum. (Fig. Zd.)

The entire surface of the hemelytra of this new Fulgorideous
genus is covered with an immense number of minute circular
elevated areas, visible only under a lens. I have observed nothino-
similar in any other Fulgorideous insect. When at rest, the wings
are carried almost perpendicularly, as in fig. 3 a.

Species unica.— CYRENE GUTTULATA, Westw. (Plate 57, fig. 3 & 3a.)

Fusco-brunnea, proboscide picea, abdomine rufescenti, hemelytris guttulis nonnullis niinutis
albidis alterisque duobus (in singulo) nigris, alis posticis fuscis. Long. corp. lin. 7.
Expans. a1ar. lin. 14.

Habitat in Insula Sumatra. D. Raffles. In Mus. See. Zool. Lend.

^^ O LYSTRA TRICOLOR. (Plate 57, fig. 4.)

Sanguinea glaberrima, prothoraeis lobo antico mesothoraceque antice nigris, hemelytrorum
dimidio basali (basi ipso livido excepto) stramineo nigro maculato ; apicali brunneo,
macula costali straminea ; posticis rubiis dimidio apicali fusco, pedibuscastaaeo-sanguineis.
Long. corp. lin. 8. Expans. alar. unc. 2j.

Habitat in Assam.

I am likewise indebted to Mr. Robinson for specimens of this
beautiful addition to the Fulgoridse, from a country which appears
to be extremely rich in the species of that family, judging from the
splendid insects described and figured by the Rev. F. W. Hope in
the new Part of the Transactions of the Linnsean Society.

The present species has the face (fig. 4 a) convex and very
glossy, nearly square, with the sides rather deeply impressed ; the
eyes are rather slightly emarginate beneath, leaving a small space
in which the ocelli are placed. The disc of the head is excavated
and marked with two ocelli-like tubercles placed wide apart. The
four fore-tibiae are slightly compressed, but are without any
tendency to foliation.

The plant represented in the plate is Roscoea purpurea, from
Upper Nepaul. (Smith, Exot. Bot.)

D 2

36

SUMMER.

Thf.y may boast of the spring-time when flowers are the fairest,
And birds sing by thousands on every green tree ;

They may call it the loveliest, the greenest, the rarest, —
But the summer 's the season that 's dearest to me !

For the brightness of sunshine ; the depth of the shadows ;

The crystal of waters ; the fullness of green ;
And the rich flowery growth of the old pasture meadows

In the glory of summer can only be seen.

Oh the joy of the greenwood ! I love to be in it,

And list to the hum of the never-still bees ;
And to hear the sweet voice of the old mother linnet,

Calling unto her young 'mong the leaves of the trees !

To see the red squirrel frisk hither and thither.

And the water-rat plunging about in his mirth,
And the thousand small lives that the warm summer weather

Calls forth to rejoice on the bountiful earth !

Then the mountains, how fair ! to the blue vault of heaven
Towering up in the sunshine, and drinking the light,

While adown their deep chasms, all splintered and riven,
Fall the far-gleaming cataracts silvery white !

Oil the beautiful flowers, all colours combining,
The larkspur, the pink, and the sweet mignonette.

And the blue fleur-de-lis, in the warm sunlight shining.
As if grains of gold in its petals were set I

Yes, the summer, — the radiant summer's the fairest.

For greenwoods and mountains, for meadows and bowers.

For waters, and fruits, and for flowers the rarest,
And for bright shining butterflies, lovely as flowers !

Mary Howitt.

37

PLATE LVIII.

MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDjE.

PART II.

The three following species, constituting the like number of
genera, form a peculiar section in this singular family, possessing,
in the number of joints in their antennae, an intermediate character
between the Cerapteri and more typical Paussi and Platyrhopali.

Genus.— CERATODERUS, Westwood.
(Proceedings Linn. Soc, June ], 1841.)
(Plate 58, fig. 1.)

Corpus oblonguin depressum punctatum. Caput transverso-quadratutn, augulis rotundatis,
supra planiusculum, postice coUo instructum, angulis pone oculos rotundatis, disco intCF
oculos bi-impressum; antunnaj quasi 6-articulatae ; articulo Imo subcylindrico,2 — 5 (inter-
mediis) transversis plauis, ultimo seniiorbiculari. Mandibulse (fig. 1 a) falcatae, apice
acutee, margine exterao at interno in medio angulatis, basique intus lobo semipellucido
coriaceo instructse. Maxillae miuutse (fig. 1 b) planse corneae apice acutse, curvatae, intus
sub apicem dente acuto armatse. Palpi maxillares 4-articulati, articulo Imo minuto, 2ado
magno ovato, 3tio 4toque minoribus gracilioribus subcylindricis. Mentum brevissimum
(fig. 1 c) medio acute producto. Labium integrum corneum ad apicem articuli 2di pal-
porum labialium protensum. Palpi labiales crassi articulo ultimo praecedeute baud multo
majori, ovato, apice truncato. Prothorax capite vix latior, cordato-truncatus, trans
medium linea impressa notatus. Scutellum minutum. Elytra oblongo-ovata depressa,
angulis externis apicalibus tuberculo ordinario muniiis. Pedes breviusculi ; femoribus
tibiisque compressis, his ad apicem setigeris (fig. 1 e) baud calcaratis ; tarsis distincte 5-
articulatis, articulo basali sequenti lougiore; 4to prsecedenti parum miuori. Ungues magni
acuti. Abdomen (fig. 1 rf) e segmentis 4 constans, duobus intermediis brevibus.

Species uNicA. — Ceratoderus hifasciatus. (Plate 58, fig. 1.) C. ferrugineus ; capite, anteu -
narum apice, fascia lata elytiorum, femoribus tibiisque nigris. Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. Imp. Vindob., et Hope.

Syn, — Paussus hifasciatus, Kollar in Ann. Wien. Mus., IS36, t. 31, fig. 7 a i ; Westw.
in Trans. Eiit. Soc. ii. p. 91, pi. 10, fig. 3 ; Westw. in Proceed. Linn. Soc, ut supra.

Caput nigrum, nitidum sat remote punctatum, impressionibus duabus Isevioribus in medio
lineaque tenui impressa longitudiaali in verticem, oculi laterales vix prominuli rotundati
nigro-obscuri ; instrumenta cibaria ferruginea. Antennae ferrugiaese punctata articulis
duobus apicalibus nigris. Protborax ferrugineus nitidus, lineola transversa media pro-
funde impressa, altera longitudinali minus profunda nee marginem auiicum ueque posticum
attiagente ; hse lineolae crncem in medio tiioiacis representant. Elytra thoracis parte
antica latiora, oblouga-quadrangula, basi ipsa depressa, prothorace remota subemarginata,
lateribus inflexis immaiginatis, apice truncata, et ad angulos tuberculo ferrugineo
instructa ; abdomine breviora convexiuscula ferruginea nitida obsoletissime-punctata, fascia
lata mediana nigra. Corpus subtus ferrugineum, nitidum punctatum. Pedes nigri
omnes subaequales tibiis compressis femoribus basi tarsisque totis ferrugineis.

This pretty species was described by Professor Kollar from a
unique specimen in the Vienna Museum, brought from India by
Fitchel many years ago, and which is, I apprehend, the identical
insect mentioned by Donovan in his Insects of New Holland, as an
undescribed species of Cerapterus. My drawing is made from a

38 MONOGRAPH OF THE

second specimen, which has been recently added to the fine collec-
tion of the Rev. F. W. Hope, who, with his usual liberality,
allowed me to dissect it for the purpose of illustration in this work.

Genus PENTAPLATARTHRUS, Wesiw. (Plate 58, Fig. 2.)
(Trans. Linn. Soc, Vol. 16.)
Corpus subdepressum capite parvo piothorace majori elytrisque latioribus oblongo-quadratis.
Caput thorace angustius depressum, subquadiatum angulis posticis pone oculos subacute
prominulis ; postice collo brevi instructum : oculi mediocres laterales ovales. Antennae
ad angulos anticos verticis insertae, capite cum prothorace paullo longiores, quasi 6-arti-
culatsB, articulo Imo cylindrico brevi, postice subemarginato, tunc articulus? parvus
subglobosus in apicem prions insertus, cui insidet articulus 2du8 verus brevis transversus
subpunctatus, Imo fere duple latior planus, apice truncato ; articuli 3, 4, et 5 longitudino
Imi at illo triplo latiores, plani transversi, articulus ultimus planus, paullo major apice
circulari margineque externo vel postico in angulum parvum producto (fig. 2 f antenna
latere visa). Os inferum (fig. 2 d). Labrum (tig. 2 f) parvum crustaceum subtriangu-
lare margine antico rotundato basi utiinque oblique truncato. Mandibulse (fig. 2 b) parvae
corneae elongatae curvatae lobo basali externo, apice acutse et externe angulum formantes.
Maxillao, labium, et palpi ex cavitatis oralis margine infero et transverso parallelo pro-
deuntia. Palpi elongati, labialibus clavatis maxillares longitudine aequantibus, bis graci-
lioribus. Maxillae (fig. 2 c) parvae lobo apicali raagno inermi apice subhirto. Palpi
maxillares longi cylindrici articulis 2 et 4 longioribus, boc cylindrico-conico. Mentum
(fig. 2 d) transversum rigidum angulis auticis paullo productis. Labium internum men-
toque longius et angustius subtriangulare apice transverso. Palpi labiales in scapos duos
corneos inter mentum et labium inserti, articulis tribus, Imo brevi, 2do illo duplo lon-
giori, 3tio magno clavato apice oblique subtruncato. Prothorax subquadratus et sub-
cylindricus antice latior angulis porrectis. Scutellum parvum triangulare pedunculo
abdominis immersum. Metasternum (fig. 2 e) magnum transversum medio linea longi-
tudinali lineaque transversa subapicali impressum. Elytra oblongo-quadrata laevia, dorso
plana, ad latera deflexa immarginata, postice truncata angulisque tuberculatis. Alae 2.
(Abdomen in specimine nostio mutilatum). Pedes omnes similes breves valde compressi
lati. Tibiae omnes spina minutissima terminali interne instructi (fig. 2^). Tarsi breves
subcylindrici, articulis 5 integris articulo Imo brevissimo, tribus proximis brevibus
aequalibus subtus paullo setosis, articulo ultimo longitudine quatuor praecedentium,
cylindrico apice paullo crassiori, unguibus 2bus validiusculis acutis siniplicibus.

In general appearance, and in the formation of the prothorax,
this genus resembles the species of the first section of Paussus ;
whilst the formation of the antennse leads towards Cerapterus, with
some of the species of which it also agrees in the incrassation of the
labial palpi. Between the anterior part of the eyes there are two
slightly raised tubercles, the centres of which appear excavated for
the reception of a circular ball, probably capable of a rotary
motion, upon the upper or exposed surface of which the lower part
of the basal joint of the antennse is inserted.

Species unica. PENTAPLATARTHRUS PAUSSOIDES. (Plate 58, fig. 2.)

P. totus rufo-piceus, thoracis angulis anticis utrinque in spinam obtusam productis et in medio
antice subcucullato (fig. 2 a) dorsoque in medio profunde excavato.

Long. Corp. lin. 3^. Lat. corp. ad bas. elytr. lin. \j.

Habitat in Africa Australi. In Mus. Hope and nostr.

Caput punctatum piceum, vertice paullo excavato. Antennae rufo-piceoe articulo Imopunctato,
apicalibus laevissimis. Thorax laevis nitidus, rufo-piceus, angulis anticis utrinque in
spinam brcvem obtusam productis, antice subcucuUatus, disco in medio profundo excavato,
inde carina longitudinalis ad medium marginis postici ct utrinque linea clevata cum
mai'gino lateral! parallela. Elytra rufo-picea nitida tenuissimc punctata, punctis in lineas
perpaucas versus suturam dispositis.

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E. 39

Genus LEBIODERUS, Westw. (Plate 58, fig. 3)
(Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii. p. 93.)
Corpus subdepressum latiusculum. Caput thorace multo angiistius postico in collum breve
contractum, subtriangularc, anticd truncatutu subemarginatum : angulis posticis pone
oculos subacute productis ; vertice linea impresso. Palpi maxillares (fig. 3 a) maximi
4-articulati, articulo Imo. brevissimo ; 2ndo. maximo, interne sensini ad apicem in lobiim
magnum acutum producto, articulis duobus apicalibus multo minoribus subscqualibus,
ultimo obovali apice in vesiculam parvam terminato. Montum cum capite baud articu-
latum (3 a) transversuni, angulis anticis lateralibus acute productis denteque parvo
breviori centrali instructum, palpi labiales 4-articulati, articulo Irao. parvo crasso, 2ndo.
brevi annuliformi, 3tio. longiori apice latiori; ultimo piaecedentis longitudine graciliori
oblongo-ovato. Antennte maximiE, ut videtur 7-articulata;, articulo Imo brevi ovali,
2do. minutissimo, reliquis 5 latissimis massam ovatam subdepressam, disco marginibusque
irregularibus, formantibus. Prothorax latus transversus,elytrorum fere latitudine, depressus,
lateribus anticis rotundatis et in lobum utrinqiie productis, postice truncatis : portioue postica
protboracis multo angusliori. Elytra lata oblongo-quadrata : bumeris antice et oblique
productis : angulis posticis tuberculo ordinario munitis. Alae 2. Pedes satis graciles
compressi, tarsis ut videtur, 4-articulatis, articulis 3bu8. basalibus subaiqualibus ; (in
certo situ rudimentum articuli fere ad basin articuli ultimi apparet). Abdomen elytris
paullo longius apice acuminato, 4-annulatum.

This genus appears to be intermediate between Platyrhopalus
(with which it agrees in the comparative shortness of the terminal
joint of the labial palpi and in the structure of the maxillary palpi,)
and Pentaplatarthrus^ with which it might be associated, on account
of the number of joints in its antennae.

It is, however, abundantly distinct from these and the other genera
of the family ; whence I proposed a new genus for its reception, with
a name alluding to the structure of the prothorax, which bears some
resemblance to that of Lebia and Masoreus in the narrowness of its
posterior part, although it will be evident that here it is the anterior
lateral angles, and not the posterior part of the prothorax (as in
those genera) which are dilated into lobes. Platyrhopalus aplustri-
fer has the prothorax somewhat similar in form, but the antennae
have the club not articulated, although with evident traces of con-
strictions, and with the hind margin armed with spines.

Species unica. LEBIODERUS GORII,

(Plate 58, fig. 3.)

Testaceus, tenuissime punctatus ; elytris paullo saturatioribus, antennarum clava margine
postico 4-dentata.

Long. Corp. lin. 3^.

Habitat in Insula Java.

In Mus. Gory et Buquet, Parisiis, et nostr. Amicissime communicavit D. Westermann.

Testaceus, supra subdepressus tenuissime punctatus nitidus. Caput porrectum subtriangularc,
antice subemarginatum, angulis posticis pone oculos acutis et paullo productis, vertice linea
impressa notato. Antenna; pilosa;, clava quasi 5-articulata, articulo Imo. reliquis minori
trausverso, tribus sequentibus latioribus, supra et subtus carina elevata instructis, ultimo
obtriangulari apice rotundato : articulis 4 ultimis ad marginem posticum dente parvo et
grauili armatis. Prothorax rufo-testaceus nitidus punctatissimus, in medio disci paullo
convexus, linea parum impressa centrali notatus. Scutellum parvum triangulare. Elytra
rufo-testacea nitidissima punctatissima, prothorace latiora, humeri* autice et fere ad
marginem posticum loborum protboracis productis. Pedes teuues compressi concolores.

This species is named in honour of M. Hippolyte Gory, one of
the authors of the " Monographic des Cetoines,"" by whose kindness

40 MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEUOUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E.

in sending his unique specimen of it from Paris for my examina-
tion, I was first made acquainted with this interesting genus. My
collection has subsequently been enriched, by the liberality of
Mr. \Vestermann, of Copenhagen, with a specimen, from which
the present figure is taken, and which may possibly be of a different
sex to the specimen which I figured in the Transactions of the
Entomological Society of London. (Vol. II. pi. ix. fig. 8.)

Genus HYLOTORUS, Dalman. (Plate 58, fig. 4.)
Corpus subdepressum breve, capite lato in thoiacem postice fere ad oculos immerso, elytris
thorace paullo latioribus apice truncatis. Caput maguum couvexum rotundatum coUo
nullo, fovea magna ovata, impressione profunda inter oculos et antennarum basin pro recep-
tione clavge antennarum (fig. 4 a), ocellis vel tiiberculis duobus verticalibus mamillatis.
Trophi nondum descripti. Oculiparvi. Antennas ca])ite vix longiores articulo Imo. brevi
in lato medio euiarginato, 2ndo. parvo subgloboso, emarginaturcB prions inserto, ultimo raagno
(magnitudine capitis dimidio) ovato laureolato, conipresso subtus vel posterius convexo,
supra vel anterius concavo, apice acuto antrorsum flexo. Protliorax brevis, transversus
antice multo latior, capiti aequalis et illud auibiens basi apiceque truncatus, supra
inaequalis praesertini pone medium. Scutellum mediocre triangulare. Elytra thoracis
antico vix latiora oblongo-quadrata, basi ipsa transversim impressa, lateribus iuflexo-sinuata
apice truncata anum occultantia ; supra convexa. Alse amplae. Abdomen breve retusum.
Pedes breves validi femoribus tibiisque valde compressis dilatatis. tarsis brevibus cylindricis
ut videtur 4-articulatis, primis tribus brevissimis coarctatis pilosis, 4to longiore uudo,
uuguibus parvis arcuatis.

The detailed specific description of Paussus bucephalus, given by
Gyllenhal in the Appendix to Schonherr's Synonymia Insectoruni
and the accompanying figure (copied in my plate), together with
Dalman's observations on the species in the Analecta Entomologica,
are the only materials which have hitherto been published, ex visu,
of the type of this genus, which differs in several respects (such as
the large size of the head immersed into the thoracic cavity, the
small eyes, and existence of ocelli) from the other species of the
family ; indeed, Mr. MacLeay considers that it does not belong
thereto. Its general habit appears to me, on the contrary, to be
decidedly Paussideous, agreeing with several of the forms of the
family in its antennae, sub-bipartite thorax, short broad feet,
colours, and truncated elytra.

Species unica. — Hylotorus Bucephalus. (Plate 58, fig. 4.) Pallide testaceus glabcr,
oculis nigris, thorace postice transverse-sulcato.
Syn. — Pausus Bucephalus, Gyll. in Sch. Syn. Ins. i. p. 3, App. p. 15, tab. 6, fig. 2 and
2 a ; Dalm. Anal. Ent. p. 103 (Hylotorus B.) Latr. Regne An., 2d Edit., v. p. 93;
U estw. Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. 16', p. 654.
Habitat in Sierra Leone, Africa. D. Afzelius. Mus. Scbonherr.
Long. Corp. (e fig. Schonli.) liu. 2^.

Magnitudine Anobii mollis et colore similis, pallide testaceus glaber, nitidus. Caput fronte
linea impressa, postice bifida, ramulis in tuberculis duobus vel ocellis dcsiuentibus. Oculi
nigri ; antennae corpore concolores. Prothorax supra inaequalis paullo pone medium
striga angulata valde profunda et antice posticeque aliis obsoletissimis transversim
impressis. Scutellum concolor. Elytra testacea nitida, laevia. Ala; fusco bvalinje.
Coipus subtus testaceum punctulatum. Pedes pallide testacei.

The curious plant represented in the plate is the broad-leaved
ginger of the East Indies, Amonium Zerumbet of Linnaeus.

41

PLATES LIX AND LX.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW GENUS OF PAPILIONID^.

The recent arrival in this country of specimens of a new and very

decided genus in the family Papilionidse (a group of comparatively
small extent as to generic forms), is an event of too much interest,
in respect to a work, of which so many plates have been devoted to
the illustration of that family, to render any apology necessary for
giving coloured figures of these new and splendid insects in the
" Arcana Entomofogica;' I should not, however, have done this,
had I not been informed that it was the intention of the Linnsean
Society to publish uncoloured representations of them, accompany-
ing I^Ir. Hope's Memoir, in which they have been described. In
this Memoir Mr. Hope has proposed for them the generic name of

TEINOPALPUS,

in allusion to the porrected palpi, a character in which they differ
from all the other Papilionid^, and in which respect they resemble
some of the Nymphalidse. Not only are the palpi porrected, but
the front of the head is conically produced and clothed with very
delicate hairs. The eyes are large and lateral, the antenna rather
short, with the club gradually formed.

The thorax is very robust, evidently proving the insects to be
more powerful on the wing than the other PapiUonidse ; the fore-
wings are large and triangular, with the tips acute ; the apical
margin in one sex more falcate than in the other. The hind-wings
are deeply incised along the margin, the incisions becoming tails in
one sex ; besides which they are furnished with a long narrow tail
common to both sexes in the ordinary position. The fore-wings
have the discoidal cell closed at the tip, and emitting the four
branches which are the absolute character of the PapilionidcB; whilst
the posterior branch of the subcostal vein (which ordinarily branches
off from the middle of the transverse vein which closes the cell at
its extremity) here arises close to the emission of the subcostal vein
itself from the anterior angle of this cell. In consequence of this
arrangement, it is necessary that the fourth branch of the median
vein should be more curved than in the other buttertiies of this

42 NEW GENUS OF PAPILIONID^.

family. In the hind-wings the veins are arranged as in Papilio,
The fore-feet are perfect, the tibiae being calcarated at the middle
on the inside. The two spines at the extremity of the four hind
tibiae are short ; indeed the legs are comparatively shorter than in
most of the species of Papilio.

It is scarcely questionable that the two specimens represented
in the accompanying plates, are not the sexes of one species for
which the name of T. imperialis should be retained, as being that
proposed for the male insect (plate 59). I regret that in conse-
quence of Captain Parry (to whom these insects belong, and to
whose kindness I am indebted for permission to figure them) pos-
sessing but single specimens of each sex, I have been prevented
from determining the precise structure of the sexual organs, which
■ differ from all those figured by M. De Haan. In one sex, how-
ever, they are furnished with a horny piece, broad at the base,
received into a kind of anal pouch, (see outline figures at foot of
pi. 59), whilst in the other they are composed externally of two
flat oval pilose lobes, (see outline figures in pi. 60.)

TEINOPALPUS IMPERIALIS, Hope. (Plate 59.)

Alis supra viridi-pulverosissimis striga tenui communi, ante medium, in anticis nigra, extus flavo
marginata nebulisque duabus obscurioribua subapicalibus ; posticis macula magna flava
nigro-cincta in lineam arcuatum albam desiucnte squamulis cinereis lunulisque margina-
libus flavis viridibusque ; omnibus subtus aurantiis nigro-striatis, portione basali viiidi,
posticarum apicibus nigro, griseo, vindique variis.

Expans. alar. unc. 3, lin. 10.

Habitat in India Oiieutali, Sylbet. In Mus. D. Parry.

TEINOPALPUS PARRYiE, Hope. (Plate 60.)

Affinis praecedenti at major, alis obscurioribus, omnibus basi viridibus ; anticis minus fal-
catis, nebulis cinereis nigrisque transversim strigatis ; posticis bicaudatis, plaga magna
mediana pallide lutea nigro pulverosa, strigaque undulata nigra extus griseo pulverosa,
lunulisque marginalibus viridibus flavisque ornatis, angulo anali la;te flavo.

Expans. alar. unc. 4 ; lin. 7.

Habitat in India Orientali. Sylhet. In Mus. D. Parry.

This supposed species, if indeed it be not the female of the pre-
ceding, has been named by Mr. Hope, in honour of the lady of
Captain Parry. Dr. Horsfield has shown me a specimen of it in the
collection of the East India Company, and Mr, A. White informs
me that there are specimens of it in a collection at Edinburgh,

The plant represented in pi. 59 is the Nepalese Epidendrum
prascox, and that in pi. 60 is Orchis gigantea, from the same
country, both first described in Smith's Exotic Botany.

43

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF
NEW WORKS. &c.

(No. XV.)

SUITES A' BUFFON, formant, avec les (euvres de cet auteur, un cours
COMPLEX d'histoire naturelle, 8vo, with Plates.

Crl'staces. Par M. Milne-Edwards. Tom. 1, 1834 ; torn. 2, 1837 ; torn. 3,

1840, (completed).
Apteres. Par M. le Baron Walckenaer. Toms. 1 and & 2, 1837, (Genus Aranea

Linn, completed in these two volumes.)
Introduction A l'Entomologie. Par M. Th. Lacordaire. Tom. 1, 1834 ;

torn. 2, 1838 (completed.)
HyMENOPTEREs. Par M. le Comte Am^de'e Lepelletier de Saint-Fargeau.

Tom. 1, 1836. (Social Foimidse, Vespidse, and Apidse). Tom. 2, 1841,

(Solitary Apidse, Parasitic Apidse, and Solitary Vespidse).
Orthopteres. Par M. Audinet Serville, 1839. 1 torn, (completed).
Lepidopteres, Par M. le Doct. Boisduval. Tom. 1, 1836 (Papiliouides and

Pierides only).
Dipteres. Par M. Macquart. Tom. 1, 1834 ; tom. 2, 1835 (completed).
Neuropteres. Par M. Rambur. 1 tom. 1842 (completed).
Hemipterks. Par Messrs. C. J. B. Amyot and Audinet Serville. 1 tom.

1843 (completed).

When will the state of science in England allow of the pub-
lication of such a series of volumes, each averaging upwards of 600
pages, as are contained in the preceding list 1 And yet several
portions of the series still remain incomplete ; whilst of the great
order Coleoptera, no part has yet appeared, and of the Lepi-
doptera only a very slight portion. It was surely a most excellent
idea to unite the talents of so many excellent authors in one
general work, whilst each was left so entirely uncontrolled, as to
the manner in which the subject of his portion was to be worked
out, that the series possesses all the advantages of separate trea-
tises. How many excellent general works have been spoiled by
the various contributors being tied down to some plan settled by
an editor perhaps ignorant of the subject ! Still, however, there
are some points on which it would have been serviceable to have
imposed uniformity, as, for instance, in the employment of short
Latin characters prefixed to each species, the addition of generic
tables at the head of each family, &c. As it is, we have the
specific character sometimes at great length (which causes a ter-
rible waste of time in ascertaining species) and this sometimes

4 4 ENI'OAIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

in French and sometimes both in French and Latin (whole
pages of Latin descriptions, followed by a verbal translation in
French), whilst sometimes the description is confined to a few
lines. The only author who has followed the good old Linnsean
plan of giving a short Latin specific character at the head of the
description of each species is M. Rambur. and even he has confined
this to the first half of his volume, the remainder having only
French descriptions.

The last published volume is that on the Hemiptera, by Messrs.
Amyot and Serville, in which we find fresh cause for desiring more
uniformity in these works. The latter author has been so long and
advantageously known as an author devoted to the study of the
mandibulated and haustellated Hemiptera of Linnaeus, and espe-
cially by the publication of his volume on the Orthoptera in this
series, that when we perceive the alterations in the style exhibited
by the present volume, as contrasted with that last mentioned,
we can but lament that an association with another author has
evidently led to such modifications.

The first matter treated upon in the introduction to the volame
is the nature of Genera ; and here we find the authors (perhaps
unconsciously) adopting the argument made use of by Mr. Vigors
in the Zoological Journal, namely, that " un genre n'est pas autre
chose qu"'une division methodique venant immediatement au-dessus
du dernier degre de division, qui est I'espece — tout ce qui est bon
a faire une subdivision de genre, est bon a faire un genre ; il con-
vient de lui donner un nom appele generique." p. vii. Hence
every section and sub-section proposed amongst the Haustellated
Hemiptera is here raised to the rank of a genus — the Linnsean genus
Cimex being cut up into 840 genera, upwards of 1 .50 of which are
now first proposed and named. The authors strongly insist that
such a plan is absolutely logical, but in one respect the result of
their arrangement is anything but uniform ; for instance, the genera
of Pentatoinides or Reduviides are distinguished from each other
by characters of very slight importance, whereas Acanthia, Hebrus,
Hydrometra or Leptopus, notwithstanding the weight of their
characters, are only regarded as groups of equal value, that (is as
genera,) with these trivial groups. To maintain a series of grada-
tional characters, and yet to deny it virtually by calling all these
groups by one name, is not logical ; thus Hydrometra, Acanthia or
Hebrus, ought not, on this principle, to be called genera, but tribes,

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 45

and Leptopus a sub- tribe. I have elsewhere * so fully entered on
the propriety of adopting subgeneric names, that I shall not here
do more than thus refer to the plan.

This multiplicity of new genera has led to another inconvenience.
In order to avoid the possibility of using generic names formed
from the Greek, which had been used before, the authors have
had recourse to the Arabic, Chinese, Sanscrit, and Hebrew,
(in opposition to the Linnsean and Fabrician canons ; f ) the cha-
racters of all which languages are scattered over the pages, it being
the plan of the authors to give the derivations of each generic name
adopted throughout the work : occasionally when this has not been
given by the original proposer of a name, they have failed in
attaching the correct signification to it. Thus my genus Deroploa,
distinguished by having its prothorax armed with two very thick
spines (from the Greek Aept] and ottXo), is given with the derivation
of the "neck" and "navigation,"" with a remark on its want of
sense. So my name Metapodius, applied to a genus in which
the metathorsLGic feet are very large, is said to be derived from the
toothed front oi the head (Metopodus), and it is added, that I have
written " Metapodius par erreur, sans doute" whilst the names
which I have given to the genera established by me allied to Derbe,
(and to which, following the plan set by Fabricius of giving to
various Homopterous genera the names of towns in the Holy Land,
e. g. Derbe I and Lystra, I had applied the names of Zeugma,
Patara, Phenice, &c.), are set down by our authors as " noms de
fantaisie, formes sans regies grammaticales et purement au hasard."

In the last place, it is to be regretted that the various contributors
to this series have not adopted a uniform plan in treating the
species ; whilst some, as Messrs. Edwards and Boisduval, have made
their works a complete descriptive "species insectorum," others
have given only those species which they happen to have seen
in nature, either entirely omitting all notice of the genera and
species described by others, or giving only references to them.

* Ent. Text Book, p. 59, Trans. Ent. Soc. iii. p. 29.

+ " Nomina generica quae ex graeca vel latina liogua radicem non habent rejicienda sunt,"
—Linn. Phil. Bot., p. 163,

" Nomina barbara qute quidam in Entomologia in novissimis temporibus introdnxerunt
omnino rejicienda, quern nullo modo intelligantur et difficile pronuncientur." — Fabr. Phil,
Ent,, p, 109,

X The authors state that the etymologj' of the name Derbe is " inconnue." Had they
been aware of its true signification, they would have possessed the clue to the etymology of
my generic names allied to that genus.

46 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCR.

The omissions in this respect are in many instances very im-
portant. As it is, however, we have here collected together a vast
mass of materials, which if it be not absolutely a general " species
insectorum," comes much nearer to it than could perhaps have been
produced in any other country, and which, with the assistance of
the numerous Bibliographical Notices collected together in Dr.
Erichson's Annual Summaries, may ultimately be made the ground-
work of a complete work.

Observations Relatives aux Sexes des Coleopteres Hydkocanthares en
general et specialement de I'Hydaticus verrucifer. Par M.le Comte Mannerheim.
(Extracted from the Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae. Tom. 1. fasc. ii. Helsing-
forsiae, 1841. 4to.)

The spirit of association for the diffusion of science is here mani-
fested in the publication of the first parts of the Transactions of the
Society of Sciences of Finland ; and to which several papers have
been contributed by the Count Mannerheim, one of the first of
modern entomological authors. In the memoir, of which the title is
given above, he has published a series of observations on the
peculiar characters which distinguish certain individuals amongst
the predaceous water-beetles (family Dyticidse), which have long
perplexed entomologists. These specimens amongst the Dytici,
while they possess the simple tarsi of the females, have the smooth
elytra of the males. These were first described as varieties of the
males with simple tarsi, by Gyllenhal. By Ahrens and Kunze, as
well as subsequently by Gyllenhal, they were considered as distinct
species, in which both sexes had smooth elytra ; and no less than
four new species were thus established in the genus Dyticus. This
opinion has been adopted by many subsequent entomologists, and
in our own country the genus Leionotus has been formed for the
reception of these supposed species with smooth-backed females.
Other opinions have, however, been entertained respecting the
nature of these individuals which have not been noticed by Count
Mannerheim, but which will be found detailed in my Mod. Class of
Insects (vol. i. p. 105). The opinion of Dr. Erichson, that they are
varieties of the females of species in which that sex has ordinarily
the elytra sulcated,* is adopted by Count Mannerheim. Analogous,
but less striking, variations also occur in the females of Cybister

* Dr. Erichson's 2ud group in the genus, proposed in the genera Dyticeorum, in which the
females have elytra similar to those of the males (D. circumflexus), is disproved by the dis-
covery of sulcated females, which form the species D. perplexus Dej. Such specimens, however,
occur but very rarely in this species, Kaf. M. Br. 1. 147.

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 47

Roeselii and C. laevigatus, the variety of the female of the former
being known under the name of Dyticus dispar, Rossi. In Acilius,
as restricted by Eschscholtz, A. semisulcatus and A. abbreviatus
are female varieties of the same species. In Thermonectus the
females also vary in the smooth or punctate base of the elytra.
The same remark also applies to various species of Hydaticus ; and
Dr. Erichson also considers that there are also dissimilar females in
certain species of Hydroporus.

The Hydaticus verrucifer, Sahib., however, is even more interest-
ing in this respect than any of the before-mentioned species, and has
formedthechief subject of Count Mannerheim's memoir. This species
was formed by Aube into a separate section of the genus, with the
character of simple tarsi in both sexes, whilst Dr. Erichson regards
it as the abnormal female of Hydaticus zonatus. Having received a
number of living specimens of this supposed species. Count M. ob-
served that some of those with smooth elytra possessed dilated tarsi,
and others simple tarsi. The former, as well as some of the latter,
of these individuals would therefore belong to H. zonatus, and the
remainder of the latter would be males of the verrucifer. But, in
respect to the punctuation and structure of the thorax and elytra,
M. Mannerheim observed a complete gradation from the rugose
verrucifer to the smooth zonatus ; whilst a dissection of numerous
individuals proved that every specimen with dilated anterior tarsi
were males, and that every specimen with simple tarsi were females ;
and amongst these latter were found the specimens with simple
tarsi and radiated impressions on the thorax, which M. Aube
regarded as the males of verrucifer. Count Mannerheim, in con-
clusion, endeavours to trace the analogy which in this respect exists
between these water-beetles and other species of insects in which we
find a marked diversity of structure ; instancing, first, the neuters
of social Hymenoptera ; and, secondly, the variations in the size of
the horns of the head and thorax and dilatation of the hind legs in
certain beetles. But in neither of these tribes does the analogy
hold good, because, first, the neuter Hymenoptera are but imperfect
females, whereas, the smooth-backed female Dytici have been
repeatedly captured in copula with the dilated-footed males ; and,
secondly, because, it is the males only amongst the beetles which
offer such variations which, moreover, are gradual, whereas, no
intermediate gradation has been observed between the smooth and
sulcated female Dytici.

48 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Versuch, einer systematischen Bestimmung und Auseinandersetzung der Gattungen
und arten der Clerii. einer Insectenfatnilie, aus der Ordnung der Coleopteren, von
Dr. F. Klug. From the Transactions of the Academy of Berlin, 1842, 4to. 142 pp.
2 pi. containing 32 col. fig.

The labours of Drs. Klug and Erichson are by degrees making
us fully acquainted with the entomological riches of the National
Museum of Prussia, over which they preside with so much honour
to themselves and benefit to the scientific world.

The present Memoir is devoted to the Cleridse, and surprises us
at the vast number of species of which it furnishes descriptions.
Dr. Klug has adopted only 12 genera in the family, regarding most
of the numerous groups of Laporte, Spinola, Chevrolat, Newman,
&c., as sections. The genera adopted, and the number of species in
each respectively contained in the Berlin Cabinet, are as follows : —
Cylidrus, 5 sp. ; Tillus, 28 sp. ; Priocera, 4 sp. ; Clerus, 70 sp. ;
Ptychopterus Kl., (n. g.) I sp. from Caffraria; Axina, 1 sp.; Opilus,
19 species; Erymanthis KL, (n. g.) 1 sp. from Caffraria ; Tri-
chodes, 20 sp. ; Corynetes, 19 sp. ; Cylistus, (n. g.) 1 n. sp. from
Caffraria; and Enoplium, 50 sp. — Total, 219 species, of which
more than half are new. A supplement contains short descriptions
of 59 other species not seen by the author. The following is a short
summary, which I have taken some pains to draw up, with reference
to the geographical distribution of the species. Of the 219 species
described from the Berlin collection —

120 are uatives of the New World.
99 " " Old World.

Of the Asiatic species ... 4 only are from India.
" " .... 1 " Ceylon.

" " ... 6 " Java.

Of the African species .... 2 only in the Collection are from Central Africa.
" " . . hut 8 are described in the Supplement, from Senegal.

" " .... 17 species are from Madagascar.

" " ... 23 " " South Africa.

" ** .... 2 " " Arabia.

Of the Australian species . . 8 only are contained in the Colleclion, but

1 4 others are given in the Supplement, described by other
authors.
And of the New World species, 23 are from Mexico.

49

PLATE LXI.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO SPECIES OF SPECTRE INSECTS.

In the first volume of this work (plate 8) a representation was
given of an insect from my own collection, belonging to the family
Phasmidse, to which, upon the information of Dr. Burmeister, the
name of Phasma (Craspedonia) gibbosa* was given, with a reference
to his Handb. d. Ent. 2, 575, and with the habitat of " Brasilia,
teste Burmeistero."

It appears, however, from Dr. Erichson's Bericht for 1841,
p. 72, that the insect figured by me is distinct from Burmeister''s
D. gibbosa, described from the Berlin Cabinet, and that, instead
of being Brazilian, it is an African species. Dr. Erichson doubts
the correctness of my description of the rudimental wing-covers and
wings, as well as of the four-jointed anterior tarsi. My specimen
is, however, fortunately, perfect (except in wanting a few of the
terminal joints of one of the antennae), and possesses only four
joints to each of the fore-tarsi, and the rudimental tegmina are
perfectly distinct, and entirely free^ and capable of being elevated by
introducing a pin beneath them, being about one-sixth part of an
inch long ; the winglet, although very much more minute, has the
outer edgejree.

It becomes, therefore, necessary to apply a new specific name to
the insect figured in Vol. I., and for which, in allusion to the
regularly-curved margins of the abdominal segments, the name of

DIAPHERODES (CRASPEDONIA) UNDULATA, W., (Vol. I., PI. viii.)

may be applied. It seems to approach the Cyphocrana ? punctipes,
Serville (Orthopt. p. 239), which is also a native of the coast of
Africa, but differs in the spines of the thorax and feet, the under
surface of the thoracic segments in my insect being perfectly smooth
and free from spines.

DIAPHERODES (CRANIDIUM) SERRICOLLIS, tVestw. (Plate 61, fig. 1.)

D. viridis, glabra, capite integro gibbo ; mesothoracis dorso et lateribiis mesosternoque longi-
tudinaliter obtuse spinosis; abdomine dilatato, dilatation© tenui, continua, striata, pedibus
omnibus gracilibus inermibus, tegminibus alisque nuUis.

$ Long. Corp. unc. 4f. Latit. abdominis unc. 1.

Habitat ? In Mus. Hope.

* " D. gibbosa ; capite integro gibbo ; tboracis margine mesonotique dorBo obtuse spinoso ;
( ^ • >) $ aiis nuUis abdomine dilatato distincte marginato. Long. corp. 5" 6'".
Brasilia, 2 $ in Mus. reg. Berol." — Burm. 1. c.

NO. XVI. 1st NOVEMBER, 1843. E

50 ILLUSTUATIONS OF TWO SPECIES OF SPECTRE INSECTS.

The large, oval, posteriorly truncate, and very gibbose mesonotum
measures f of an inch in length, and has the sides armed with a
row of obtuse spines, which become obliterated towards the hind
part ; within this row there are also a few much smaller spines,
forming a parallel series, towards the front part ; the centre of the
elevated part is armed with about a dozen raised tubercles, and there
are also two smaller ones on the disc towards the fore margin ; the
underside of the mesothorax is armed with a double row of these
tubercles ; the metathorax is nearly square, of equal breadth with
the hind part of the mesothorax; and the five basal segments of the
abdomen are dilated into an elongate oval form, the middle portion
of each being convex, but the sides forming a very thin margin,
along which run five slender, longitudinal ribs, which I presume to
be veins. The seventh segment beneath is formed into a boat-
shaped appendage, extending beyond the ninth dorsal plate, longi-
tudinally carinated, and divided by a slit into two parts, for a
considerable distance along its apical half. The ninth dorsal
segment is furnished at each side with a small conical appendage, and
within the boat-shaped plate are enclosed two long and slender,
flattened setse, extending as far as the tip of the keel. The feet
are all quite simple, and destitute of teeth or spines, and are
comparatively slender. The general colour is pale green, but the
head and pro- and meso-thorax, as well as the feet and anal
apparatus, are changed to a pale brown.

Mr. Hope's unique specimen of this insect is unfortunately
destitute of any indication of the habitat of the species. It appears
to be closely allied to Dr. Burmeister"'& D. gibbosa, above-mentioned,
but the marginal spines are confined to the mesothorax, not ex-
tending along the entire thorax, as described by Burmeister.

DIAPHERODES (CRANIDIUM) PUMILIO. (Plate 61, fig. 2.)
D. lutescens (viridis?) capite inermi mesothoracis lateiibus sensim dilatatis vix serrulatis,

disco in carinam mediam valde elevato ; abdomine elongato vix dilatato supra carinato,

apice acuminato ; pedibus gracilibus simplicibus, alis nullis ; $.
Long. Corp. uuc. 2. Habitat in Africa tropicali ? In Mas. Bristol Pbilos. Institution.

The singular, almost semicircularly elevated carina along the
middle of the mesonotum, at once distinguishes this insect from all
other Phasmidse. It appears to be congeneric with the species
last above described, although destitute of any lateral dilatation.
From the development of the sexual apparatus, which is nearly
similar to that of D. serricollis, I consider the specimen not to
be in an immature state.

51

PLATE LXII.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF SOOTHSAYERS.
(MANTID^.)

PHYLLOCRANIA INSIGNIS, fVestw. (Plate 62, fig. 1.)
P. luteo-fusca, tegminibus olivaceo-fiiscis, basi, vittaque obliqua media albidis, alarum angulo

apicali producto, hoc areaque anali fuscis reliqua parte alarum fulvescente fusco irrorata,

foliolis prothoracis et pedum posticorum albido et olivaceo variis.
Long. Corp. (cornu capitis incluso) unc. 2i,
Habitat in Sierra Leone. In Mus. Britt. et D, Hope.

This insect appears to be specifically distinct from Ph. paradoxa,
of Burmeister*; it agrees, however, with it in its remarkable
structural peculiarities, namely, the singular, elongated, narrow,
leaf-like appendage of the head, the dilated sides of the prothorax,
and the leaflets of the four hind femora and tibise. Mantis Diana,
of StoU (fig. 100), and the Empusse, agree with Phyllocrania in the
produced head, but the latter have pectinated antennas in the males,
whereas all the specimens of the species above described, which I
have hitherto seen (one belonging to the Rev. F. W. Hope, and
two discoloured ones in tlie British Museum collection), possess very
slender, simple antennae. Of these specimens two agree in having
a shorter appendage to the head, one of which is represented in my
plate, whereas the other has the head produced into a much longer,
slenderer, and more curved horn (fig. 1 a). This last, I apprehend,
is the male, and the other two females. In all other external
characters, however, they agree together. Mantis (Blepharis)
Kuhlii of De Haan (Bijdragen, &c., plate 18, fig. 8), seems in
general form, dilated abdomen, and foliated hind femora, to
approach nearer to Phyllocrania than to Blepharis mendica.

MANTIS METALLICA, fVestw. (Plate 62, fig. 3.)
M. chalybea, nitida, capitis plaga verticali, et pronoto antice et postice flavis, tegminibus fulvis

venis viridibus, alls ad angulum analem late fuscis.
Long. Corp. lin. 14. Expans. tegmin. unc. 2.
Inhabits Sylhet in the East Indies. In the collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope.

With the exception of Metallyticus splendidust, and the present
species, I am not acquainted with any metallic Mantideous insect.
The body and legs are of a bright steel blue, except the middle of
the disc of the head, a rounded patch near the fore-margin of the
pronotum, and a larger posterior spot, which are of a rich yellow

* Ph. fulvo-viridis, elytris macula basali rhombea, vittaque obliqua post medium pallide testa-
ceis, roseo-micantibus ; alls fusco tesselatis. Long. corp. l^-". Habitat apud Cap. Bon. Spei.
Handb. d, Ent. Oithoptera, p. 549.

+ Westwood, iu Zoolog. Journ., vol. v., p. 442, pi. 22, fig. 1. I also figured a brilliant
and rare variety of the same insect in the British Cyclopaedia of Natural Hist., Orthopterous
Insects, fig. med. dext.

Syn. — Mantis chalybea, Serville, H. n. Orth., p. 202.

E 2

52 Di:SCEIPTJONS OF SOME NEW SPECIES OF SOOTHSAYERS.

colour, and the base of the first joint of the anterior tarsi, which is
white. The prothorax is rather short, and dilated at the sides
over the base of the fore-feet, as is also the hinder margin ; the
abdomen also has the sides dilated. The tegmina are destitute
of the small horny patch, so conspicuous in some of the species of
the genus ; the hind wings are fulvous-brown, with the anal angle
broadly bro\^Ti, the veins in the latter part being yellow ; the
posterior femora and tibiae being simple. The entire body beneath
is also blue-black.

STENOPHYLLA, Westw.
Corpus elongatum valde angustum. Caput cornu porrecto apice truncatum spinaque subbifida
utrinqnc ante oculos arruatum. Oculi ovales. AnteniiEB subgraciles. Prothorax vix
meso- et meta-thorace longior, supra insertioneni pedum anticorum dilatatus. Abdomen
longum gracile parallelum segmeutis apicalibus brevissimis parum latioribus, ultimo supra
conico, subtus in spinis duabus brevibus divavicatis desinente ; cerci anales valde elongati
(prothorace paullo longiores), compressi ad basin articulatis, apicibus parum emarginatis.
Pedes antici elongati, 4 postici breves femoribus foliatis tibiisque extus folio rudimentali
instructis. Tegmina et alse posticse perfecta angusta.

The singular head and tails of the insect represented in figure 2
at once distinguish it from every other insect in the present family.
Elongated tails are indeed found especially in Tarachodes Per-
loides, a new insect, described by Dr. Burmeister, from the Cape
of Good Hope ; but the head and feet in that genus are quite
imlike those of the present species, and the tails themselves are
described by Burmeister as threads, '* jTatlcn,** whereas they are flat
and thin in the present insect, the basal portion alone being
articulated. This divarication from the normal, small, conical,
articulated form of these appendages is seen in but very few other
species of the family, and in none to the extent here exhibited.
The Toxodera denticulata of Serville, from Java*, has them broad
and foliaceous, but comparatively short, and from this character
M. Serville has assumed a relationship with the Phasmidse. The
species figured in my first volume, pi. 41, under the name of Toxo-
dera (Heterochseta) tenuipes, possesses similarly dilated, foliaceous
appendages, as do also Vates Ashmolianusf, W., a native of the
East Indies, of which the characters ai'e given in a note below, and
the Australian Mantis latistylus of Serville.

STENOPHYLLA CORNIGERA, Westw. (Plate 62, fig. 2.)
St. fusca, brunneo varia, tegminibus basi pallide luteis striga obliqua fusca, costa venisque

longitudinalibus fusco-guttatis ; alis basi fuscis violaceo micantibus, venis transversis, in

diniidio basali alarum costaque fuscis.
Long. Corp. unc. If. Expans. tegminum unc. 2^.
Habitat in Brasilia interiori. In Mus. D. Hope.

The plant represented in the plate is the elegant Brazilian
Manettia cordifolia of Von Martins.

* Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, torn, vi., p. 25, pi. 2 : and Hist. n. Orth., p. 169, pi. 5.

t Vates Ashmolianus, Westw. (Annals of Nat. Hist., Dec. 1841), fuscus capitis vertice

53

PLATE LXIII.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME ORTHOPTEROUS INSECTS BELONGING
TO THE SECTION SALTATORIA.

PROSCOPIA OCCIDENTALIS. fVestw.
(Plate 63, fig. 1 .)
P. fulva, iiigro fuscoque varia, rugoso-punctata, capite ante oculos conico, prothorace capitis
longitudiue margine antico dilatato, metathorace valde tumido. Long. corp. unc. If. $,
unc. 2. 2 .
Habitat. Valparaiso, Chili. In Mus. Hope, and Mus. Britt.

This curious species is more robust than the generality of the
insects of this singular genus. The head of the male has the sides
rather curved and rugose, but in the female they are straight,
forming with the part in front of the eyes an elongated cone; in
the latter sex it is more rugose than in the male. The antennse of
both sexes are 9-jointed * : they are slightly thickened in the
middle, the tip being slenderest ; they are inserted in the under-
side of the head between the front part of the eyes. The pro thorax
is narrower than the head, its narrowest part being before the
place of insertion of the fore-feet ; it is transversely rugose, and has
the hinder portion nearly quadrate. The meso- and meta-thorax are
swollen into a rounded hump, much broader than the rest of the
body in the male, the abdomen in that sex being narrowed. The
specimens before me have, however, been taken out of spirits, and
are shrunk in the base of the latter part, so that I cannot speak with
certainty on its form, or as to the shape of the meso- and meta-thorax
in the female. The feet are comparatively robust, and the ungues
are very much dilated at the base, being furnished with an append-
age almost as large as the pulvilli ; the posterior femora are striated.
I do not perceive in this species the difference in the number of the
abdominal segments of the opposite sexes pointed out by M.
Brulle ; on the contrary, in both I find the same typical struc-
ture, namely, seven basal segments of equal size, both on the
dorsal and ventral surface, followed by two very short arcs, cut off
obliquely at the sides on the dorsal surface, representing the 8th
and 9th dorsal segments, whilst the 8th ventral arc is dilated into

rotundatoantcnuisgiacillimis, prothorace longis.-imo (long. unc. 1^) angusto lateribus senulatis;
tegminibus et alis abdomen haud tegentibus, illis pallidis griseo et fusco paruni variis nubiia
fusca versus basin, venisque nigro strigatis ; alis hyalinis, costa maculisque nubilaque versus
basin brunneis ; cercis analibus latis foliaceis, pedibus 4 posticis brevibus femoribus fere ad
apicem 3-foliatis tibiisque ante medium supra parum foliatis. Long. corp. unc. 4A. Habitat
in India orientali. In Mus. Ashoiol. Oxen, et D. Hope.

• Drs. Klug and Burmeister described the antennae of the males of Proscopia as 6-, and those
of the females as 7-jointed. M. Brulle describes the antennae of both sexes as 8-jointcd.
Hist. Nat, d. Ins. Orth. ct Hem. p. 212.

54 OKTHOPTEBOUS INSECTS BELONGING TO

a conical plate hollowed out above, and more elongated and entire
in the male, whilst it is longitudinally divided in the female ; the
9th ventral segment in both sexes being represented by the two
small horny triangular plates, behind or beneath the small conical
appendage common to Orthopterous insects. It is in the variation
of form of these several pieces that the sexes are distinguished.*
The general colour of the insect is fulvous-yellow, considerably
spotted and marked with black and dark brown, especially on the
thighs and back of the thoracic segments.

No species of this genus has hitherto been described as inhabiting
any other part of South America than Brazil. The present species,
therefore, presents us with an instance of a wider geographical
range, being a native of the western portion of South America,
whence it was brought, I believe, by Mr. Cuming : it is from this cir-
cumstance that I have given to it the specific name employed above.

Proscopia is one of those singular forms which exhibit a great
resemblance to the species of a family different from that to
which they in reality belong. Thus, we have here the long slender
cylindric body of Bacteria amongst the Phasmidse, as well as their
apterous condition. M. Brulle also mentions two other characters
possessed by these insects analogous to those of the Phasmidse,
namely, the plate terminating the abdomen of the males, and the
compressed and angulated palpi. They appear to represent the
old world genus Truxalis, in South America, and are evidently
brought into relation with the more typical Locusts by that genus,
and especially by the genus Mastaxf, (illustrated in the first volume
of this work, pi. 26), and by the Astroma chloropterum of Charpen-
tier|, a most interesting insect, also from Chili, (allied to Proscopia,
and also to Tetrix Latr.,) which is described as destitute of all
traces of the wing-covers, but having two small greenish wings
arising from the first segment of the body (after the prothorax).

* I presume tliat M . Brulle's first ventral arc in the males is the hind part of the meta-
stcrnum, separated from the anterior part by an impressed line, which, however, exists less
distinctly in the females ; and that his 9th ventral segment in the male is the undivided conical
eighth ventral arc.

+ Gerniar's Zeitsch. f. d. Ent. 3, 305.

J I take this opportunity of describing a new species of Mastax, recently forwarded to me
from Assam, by Mr. Robinson, by way of supplement to the Memoir on this genus in the
first volume of this work.

Mastax affinis. W. Fusca, facie et lateribus fulvescentibus, capite erecto vertice ad apicem
truncato subbifido, prothorace carina elevata acuta, abdomiue $ ad apicem valde inflate, tcgmi-
nibus fuscis guttis duabu hyalinis, alis fulvis margine tenui fusco. M. guttata; valde affinis
sed multo major. Long. corp. lin. 10. E.xpaus. tegmin. lin. 22.

lialiitat. Assam, lud. Or. In Mus. nostr. amicissimc communic. D.Robinson,

THE SECTION SALTATORIA. 55

The species of the genus Proscopia are arranged by Dr.
Burmeister* in the following manner : —

I. Those with the eyes placed near the middle of the sides of the head, the front part of
which is obtuse, with the sides parallel, or diverging and quadrangular,

A. Those with the front part of the head dilated at the end. 1. Pr. spinosa, Kl,; and
2. Pr, gramtlata, Kl.

B. Those with the front of the head of equal breadth throughout.

a. The extremity being as broad as the space between the eyes.

o. Prothorax granulose. 3. Pr. radula, Kl. 4. Pr. hospida, Kl.
j3 Prothorax with impressed punctures. 5. Pr. punctata, Kl. G. Pr.
brevioornis, Kl.

b. Extremity of the head evidently narrower than the space between the eyes.
7. Pr. scabra, Kl., and Pr.gigantea, Kl.

II. Those with the eyes placed near the tip of the head, which is acuminated.

A. Extremity of the head as long as, or longer than, half the antennae. 9. Pr. striata,
Kl. 10. Pr. acuminata, Kl. 11. Pr. ruficornis, Kl. 12. Pr. rostrata, Kl.

B. Extremity of the head very small, much shorter than the half of the antennae. 13.
Pr. brevirostris, Kl. 14. Pr. Ophiopsis, Kl. 15. Pr. oculata, Kl.

M. Serville-f- divides the genus in the following manner : —

1. Head elevated into a kind of vertical pyramid, &c. (Proscopia proper.)

A. Eyes of moderate size, oblong. Pr. scabra, Kl., and Pr. granulata, Kl.

B. Eyes large, and nearly rounded. Pr. rostrata, Kl.

2. Head not elevated into a vertical pyramid, but horizontally prolonged in front in the
same line as the body, &c. (Cephaloccema.) Pr. {Ceph.) Sica, Serv. n. sp. from the
southern part of Campos-Genaes, in Brazil ; described from the Collection of the Jardin des
Plantes, where I examined and sketched tiie typical specimen described by M. Serville, and
find it to be very closely allied to the insect next to be described.

PROSCOPIA (CEPHALOCGEMA) SUBAPTERA, Westw. (Plate 63, fig. 2.)

(Long. lin. 7.)

P. fusi'o-bruiinea, capitc horizontali sensim ad apicem attenuate, antennis vix dimidio rostri

longioribus, thorace et abdomiue longitudinaliter striatis, prothorace, antice et postice bi-

spinosis ; mesothorace spinis duabus paullo majoribus armato tegminibusque duobus

liberis minutis instruct©, alis duabus minimis liberis nigro-metallicis nitidis sub tegmina

reconditis, abdomine supra depresso. $ Long. corp. unc. 3^.
Habitat, in Brasilia. Mus. nostr.
Obs. — Individium alteram $ possideo 2^ lin. longitudine, statura paullo angustiori rostro

longiori (pro magnitudine insecti) coloreque cinereo : spinis thoracis ut et tegminibus et

alis cum precedenti vero congruens, vix species distincta.

The insect represented in figure 4 in this plate is one of the
most interesting Orthopterous insects hitherto discovered ; and it is
greatly to be regretted that the very mutilated state of the unique
female specimen in the British Museum Collection prevents me from
being able to give its whole character. Indeed, it is not surprising
that from this circumstance it should have been arranged amongst
the Phasmidse in that collection, since its general appearance cer-
tainly bears a much closer resemblance to some of the wingless
Phasmidse than to one of the saltatorial Orthoptera. A slight
examination, however, convinced me that, from the structure of the
tarsi, and the relative size of the thoracic segments, the insect

* Handb. d. Ent. 2, p. 603. f Hist. Nat. Ins. Ortb. p. 574.

56 ORTHOPTEROUS INSECTS.

belongs to the family of grasshoppers with long-antennge {Gryllidce,
Leach), although differing from all the known species of that family
in several particulars, more especially in the entire want of the
curious operculum near the base of the anterior tibiae, and the large
compressed form of the basal joint of the antennae, which is all that
remains of those organs in the specimen before us. From its
analogical relations, it may be named —

PHASMODES RANATRIFORMIS, West. (Plate 63, fig. 4.)

Char. Gen. 9-. Corpus valde elongatum depressum parallelum abdotnine sensim in media
paullo latiori. Caput horizontale, clypeo labroque magnis discretis. Palpi elongati. Labium
e lobis duobus merubranaceis spinisque duabus intermediis formatum. Antennae articulo
basali longo compresso. Prothorax elongatus subdepressus subtus inermis : meso- et
lueta-thorax breves subtus etiam inermes linea lougitudina mediana impressa (fig. 4 a).
Abdomen thorace duplo longius ad apicem sensim attenuatum e segmeutis novem dis-
tinctis formatum. Oviductus fere abdominis longiludine recta attenuata, e valvulis
duobus corneis coustans, singulo valvule e duabus partibus formato (fig. 4 6, apex seg-
menti noni subtus visus : fig. 4 c, apex segmenti noni abdominis lateraliter visus cum
squama conica dorsali styloque laterali et basi oviductus : fig. 4 d, apex valvuli e duabus
partibus constans, supera ad apicem emarginata, infera acuta et subtus tuberculo instructa).
Pedes 4 antici longitudine ajquales, graciles, tibiae anticae operculo nuUo instructse. Tarsi
4-articulati pilosi articulo penultimo cordato. Tegmina nulla. Alee nullae. Mas latet.

Char. Spec. P. viridis, laevis lateribus corporis linea brunnea notatis, tibiis anticis versus
basin macula parva fusca.

Long. Corp. unc. 2^. Oviductus, unc. \\.

Habitat. King George's Sound, Nov. Holl. In Mus. Brit.

The nearest approach to the last-described insect amongst the
species of the family Gryllidoe., Leach (Locustaires Serville,) is made
by

" Prochilus Australis of Brulle,*
described more in detail by M. Serville.f As no figure of this
insect has hitherto appeared, | and as the male alone has been
described, I have represented the female in plate 63, fig. 8, and
which agrees in general character with the male, which has the
abdomen truncate at the tip. I have possessed this insect many
years ; and Mr. Hope also possesses three specimens — one from
the Haworthian Collection. Messrs. Brull^ and Serville do not
speak of the red base of the hind wings ; and the latter states that
the head is longer than the prothorax, and that the stridulant
organ of the males is transparent, which do not agree with the
specimens before me ; although they correspond in every other
respect with the description given by M. Serville.

The plant represented in the plate is Physalis edulis, a native of
Peru and Chili, but cultivated at the Cape of Good Hope, and in
the English Settlements in New South Wales, where it is known
under the name of the Cape Gooseberry.

* Hist. Nat. des Ins., Orthopt. et Hemipt., p. 135.
t Hi.-t. Nat. Oithopt., p. 384.

X Brulle and Serville refer to a figure of this insect, " Plate 11, fig. 1, Miilc," but no such
has hitherto been published.

57

PLATE LXIV.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME AFRICAN LONGICORN BEETLES.

PARISTEMIA. JVestw.
Crenus novum e fatnilia Ceratnbycidarum, gcncribus Lophonocero et Pteracantlise Newm.*
affine. Caput paivimi facie obliqua. Oculi vakle emaiginati. Labrum transversum
ciliatum. Mandibula; parvje. Maxillee loboapicali dense at breviter penicillato. Labium ad
apicem emarginatum. Antenna; breves (in fcmina vix ad medium elytiorum extensa),
crassaj, articulis I et 3 longitudine subequalibus, leliquis parum brevioiibus. Prothorax
capite multo latior lateiibus utiinque oblique porrectis vel in spinam latam productis,
angulis posticis valde emarginatis ; disco in medio elevato-carinato. Elytra ad basin vix
prothorace latiora, sensim rotundato-dilatata, apicibus simplicibus, disco longitudinaliter
costata. Pedes breves subaequales. Species Africse tropicalis incol<T.

Species I. — Paristemia Platyptera. (Plate 64, fig. 1).
P. nigra sericea prothoi-ace rufo utrinque striga nigra e capite ad angulos posticos ; elytris
pone medium fascia latissima postice angulata et fere ad apicem extensa rufa; abdomine
obscure rufo.
Syh.— Paristemia platyptera, Westw. in Ann. Nat. Hist. October 1841. Long. corp.
lin. 12^. Lat. elytrorum, lin. 5|.
Habitat in Africa tropicali. In Mus. nostr. Communis D. Raddon. (Fig. I a, maxillary
palpus; fig. 1 b. labial palpus; fig. I c. extremity of pro & meso-sterna ; fig. I d.
mesosternum, seen sideways.)

Species II. — Paristemia Aficalis, Westw. (Plate 64, fig. 2).
P. nigra seiicea, capite linea media fulva, prothorace fulvo linea tenui media alterisque

duabus lateralibus scutelloque nigris ; elytris ad apicem nigris plaga antice in angulum

acutum versus basin extensa, corpore subtus nigro, prosterno et mesosterni parte elevata

fulvis.
Long. Corp. lin. 9^. Lat. elytrorum, lin. 4^.
Habitat in Africa tropicali. In Mus. D. Turner.

Obs. — The antennae are unfortunately broken off at the 7th joint ; they are, however,

evidently longer than in the former species, which is therefore to be regarded as a female,

and this as a male.

SAPERDA CARISSIMA, JVestiv. (Plate 64, fig. 3).
Annals of Nat. Hist. October 1841.
S. brevis opaca, supra viridi-lactea, pronoto vittis tribus longitudinalibus brunneo-fulvis, elytris
fascia lata irregular! (in medio interrupta) ex humeris fere ad suturam ducta maculaque
magna communi discoidali brunneo-fulvis ; his etiam guttis 10 nigris rotundatis ornatis.
I/ong. Corp. lin. 5.
Habitat in Africa tropicali. In Mus. D. Raddon, Parry, Hope, &c.

NEMOTRAGUS. Klug.

I am not aware whether any characters have hitherto been
published by Dr. Khig, of the genus instituted for the reception
of the interesting insect represented in fig. 4. It is to the kind-
ness of that distinguished entomologist that I am indebted for my
specimen, which I received from him in 1835, since which period a
considerable number of individuals have been obtained by one of
the London dealers in objects of natural history. In this uncer-
tainty I shall merely notice that its greatly elongated form, large

* The undescribed genus Pteroplatus of Dejean's Catalogue, composed of three Brazilian
and Mexican species, is evidently also closely allied to these insects.

58 AFRICAN LONGICORN BEETLES.

rounded eyes, having a very small emargination in front, elongated,
slender, and simple antennae, unarmed prothorax, pointed tips of
the elytra and simple nearly equal sized-legs, with curved tibiae,
seem to constitute its chief characters.

NEMOTRAGUS HELVOLUS. Klug. (Plate 64, fig. 4).
N. brunneus punctatus, liiteo squamosns, linea longitudinali lateral! prothoracis humerisque

nudis, antennis pedibusque brunneis.
Long. Corp. lin. 13, long, antenn. unc. 2\.
Habitat in Africa meridional]. In Mus. nostr, &c.

LAMIA OBESA, Westw. (Plate 64, fig. 5.)
L. albida luteo-squamosa, fulvo fuscoque varia, prothorace tuberciilis vittaque media utrinque
fiircata fuscis, lateribus utrinque spina brevi crassa armatis ; elytris maculis duabus sub-
ovalibus obliquis ante medium pallidis alterisque duabus minoribus mediis fasciisque
variis angulatis maculisque duabus subapicalibus fuscis ornatis, facie antennis pedibusque
luteis.
Long. Corp. unc. r|. Lat. elytr. unc.
Habitat in Africa meridiouali.

This is one of the fine species of insects contained in the
collection recently brought to England by Mr. Burke, from the
hilly country, lying between 25° and 26° S. lat., and 27° and
28° E. long., and which, by the kindness of the Earl of Derby has
been distributed to the Zoological Society and the British Museum.
I am indebted to Mr. Melly for the opportunity of figuring
the species, he having sent it to me on its first arrival in this
country.

The plant represented in this plate is the Iris viscarea of
Thunberg, found in the sandy spots of Saldanha Bay, near the
Cape of Good Hope.

59

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF
NEW WORKS. &c.

(No. XVI.)

Catalog der K-efer-Samlung von Jacob Sturm. Nuremburg, 1843. With
6 coloured copper-plates. 8vo, 386 pages.

We have here an imitation of the Catalogue of Dejean''s Collec-
tion of Coleopterous insects, with, however, occasional references
to figures and synonymes. There is, however, a vast difference in
the amount of species of the two collections, and consequently in
the comparative usefulness of the two catalogues. Dejean's last
edition contained considerably more than 20,000 species, whereas
Sturm gives but 18,266. In many of the more interesting groups,
the poverty of the latter list is very striking : thus, there is only
1 species of Oxycheila, i Dromica, 2 Therates, 1 Casnonia, 4
Panagsei, 2 Rhipicerse, 1 Callirhipis, 3 Goliathi (micans, japonicus,
and Hopfneri), 2 Paussi. The catalogue is, as may be easily sup-
posed, strongest in European and Brazilian species. An appendix
contains descriptions and figures (beautifully drawn, engraved, and
coloured) of the following insects : — Three new Brazilian species of
Lia (a genus allied to Lebia) ; Axinidium africanum, St., a new
genus, referred to the Scaritidse, but having more of the habit of
Stomis and Miscodera, with long toothless mandibles, long slender
maxillae, with the hook not articulated (judging from the figure,
for the description is silent as to this character), maxillary palpi
strongly securiform, labial palpi slender and filiform, mentum coni-
cally produced in the centre, fore tibise not externally dentated
(but with the deep notch and spur on the inside) ; the species is 4
lines long, black, smooth, with red antenna, palpi, and feet, the
elytra smooth, each having three deep punctures. Julodes Rothii,
St., from Jerusalem; Lycus appendiculatus, St., from Senegal, allied
to L. foliaceus, Sch. ; Hydrophilus substriatus, St., from the neigh-
bourhood of Cassel ; 3 Mexican species of Phanseus ; Scarabseus
Petiveri, Erichs. (Dejeanii Buq., Golofa Porteri Hope); 7 Mexican
species of Pelidnota ; Amphicoma Papaveris, from Jerusalem ;
Chiasognathus Grantii, S and 9 (two brilliant figures) ; Rysso-
notus nebulosus, Kirby ; Lucanus turcicus, from Constantinople ;
with 6 plates in the club of the antennee ; my Xyphodontus

60 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

Antilope, from Caffraria, under the name of Corypticus capensis,
Dej. ; Xopherus variolosus, from Mexico ; Amycteres paradoxus,
from New Holland, allied to Curculio mirabilis, K. ; Tachyopus
(Tachygonus, Dej.) Lecontei, a curious little weevil from South
Carolina ; Purpuricenus Dalmatinus, St., from Dalmatia ; Ozodes
Mexicanus ; Dorcadion tomentosum, from Nauplia ; Saperda
Grjeca ; Mesophalacrus Spinolse, from New Holland, an interesting
genus, allied to Sagra and Donacia, already previously figured in
Griffith's Animal Kingdom, Insects, pi. 67, fig. 2, under the incor-
rect name of Carpophagus Banksii ; and also in the third part of
Mr. Hope's Coleopterist's Manual, pi. 2, fig. 6; where the name of
Mecynodera picta is given to it ; and Platyauchenia Hmbata, a new
genus from Brazil, allied to Alurnus.

These descriptions and figures constitute, in fact, the only
valuable part of the work ; for if the possessor of every second-
rate collection of Coleoptera, like that of the author, were to
undertake such a catalogue as this, giving names only, without
descriptions, to hundreds of new species, already, perhaps, named
in Dej can s Catalogue, what endless confusion in the nomenclature
of the order ! How much better would it be to undertake but a
single family at a time, describing all the new species in it ? Mr.
Hope has set the example, in publishing such a catalogue of portions
of the Hemiptera, and proposes, on his return from Italy, to follow
the same plan in another very extensive tribe.

CONSIDERAZIONE SOPRA 1 COSTUMI DEGl' IMENOTTERl DEL G. SiREX, FaB., E

sopra il miglior posto dei Sireciti nel metodo razionale. Memoria del Marchese
Massimiliano Spinola. Genova, 1843.

In this memoir, the Marquis of Spinola, after stating the general
opinion amongst naturalists, that the Siricidse in their larva-state
are wood-feeders, and more especially mentioning the researches of
Rosel von Rosenhoff", Jurine, Hartig, and Sells,* which supports
that opinion, takes up the observation of Saint Fargeau, pub-
lished in the Encyclopedie Methodique-f*, in which the parasitism
of that group was first asserted, and mentions, in support of it,
that he received in J 841, from the Marquis Carlo Durazzo, a
specimen of Sirex Gigas, inscribed, " Parasita in larva di Far-

* Proceedings of Eutomological Society of London, May, 1838.

+ Vol. X., p. 770, M. Saint Fargeau has again insisted on his view of the habits of the
genus, in Lis Hist. Nat. Hymenopt,, i. p. 5, note 3.

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 61

falle" — parasitic in the larva of a butterfly — that Signor Franchi
had informed him that he had reared another from the larva of
Papilio Machaon ; adding, in a supplementary note, that Signor G.
B. Villa at Milan posscvssed a specimen of a Sirex, which he assured
him, " era pure sortita dalla larva di un Papilio, sotto ai di lui
occhi e nel di lui gabinetto." Upon these statements, the author
proposes a fresh modification of the classification of the Hymen-
optera, in order to make it accord with their supposed parasitic
habits.

Having entered into the question of the habits of this family at
considerable length, in the 2nd volume of my Introduction to the
Modern Classification of Insects,* where I have represented the
various parts of the mouth of the Larva, I shall only observe that
the numberless instances on record of species of this genus making
their appearance out of the wooden flooring of newly-built houses,-f
quite overturns the statements of their being parasitic in the
bodies of the caterpillars of butterflies ; w^hilst the structure of the
mandibles of the larvae of Sirex, eminently fits them for gnawing
through hard substances, and that the mandibles of Parasitic
Hymenopterous larvse are entirely of a different construction.
Comp. figures, 70, 3, 4, (vol. ii. p. 94), 72, 20, (p. 115), and 76
15 (p. 140 of the 2nd volume of my work abovementioned).

OSSERVAZIONI SOPRA I CARATTERI NATURAL!, DI TRE FAMIGLIE d' INSETTI

iMENOTTERi ; cio6, Ic Vesparie, le Masaride, e le Crisidide. Memoria del
Marchese Massimiliano Spino]-a. Geneva, 1843.

Commencing with the axiom, that '' i migliori caratteri entomo-
logici sono sorarainistrati dalle forme esterne, e che le migliori
forme sono quelle che mettono in evidenza la miglior legge orga-
nica, ' the author has in this memoir entered into a profound
revision of the physiological peculiarities of the chief hymeno-
pterous groups, of which it is impossible to give an abstract ; but
of which the summary is contained " nel quadro sinottico che
segue " : —

* Vol. ii. p. 117 and teq.

f The author gets over this difficulty by supposing that they are ordinarily parasitic upon
wood-boring larvse of Coleoptera, and only occasionally so in Lepidopterous larvae ; but, in
those parts of England where the Siricidas occur, we have not any xylophagous larvse fitted
for the Siricidae to exercise their parasitism upon.

62 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

OS
H
Z

o
1— I

P3
W

H
O
IZ

Legge organica. Car.ittere esterno. Famiglie.

f 1. Aventi la facolta di muo- f ^j^ . longitudinalmente^

vere a piacimento il loro abdome, ! ^^^ riposo,collacosta della piega- VI. Vesparie.
senza avcre da muovere previa-^, ^^^^^ ^^^j^'^^^ ^^^, ^^^^ ^^^ ^' j

mente le loro ale. V

„ , ■ , -• 1,^ r 1. II carattere della famiglia"^

2. Aventi la facolu prece- ^^.^^ente.
dente e di pm, quella di con- ^ H metatorace dilatato late-

trarsi, nel r.poso, a segno che . ^^^^^^^^ ^^ j^^^^^^^ inferiora- >2. Masaridc.

1 estremita posteriore del loro j , \. ■ -^^

. . *^ ... J 11) . I mente a segno che ogm cavita
corpoarnvialcontattodell estre- ^^^, ^.^^^^^ ^. ^^^ ^.^^■

mita antenore. (^posteriori del medesimo lato. ;

..,,,. ^ . 1 . f 3. Crisidide.

ma sprowisti della prima. { caratteri precedenti, )

( Tutte le famiglie

„ , „, , Ti, 1 .. 1 V ;' che non sono con-

4. Prm deir una e dell altra facolta Vemplate nel pre-

^^sente discorso.

MONOGRAPHIE DER FaMILIEN DER PFLANZENLAUSE (PhYTOPHTHIREs). VoN J.

H. Kaltenbach. Aachen, 1843. 8vo. 222 pp., and one plate.

It is rather remarkable that, whilst the extraordinary physio-
logical peculiarities exhibited by the Aphides, in respect to their
modes of reproduction, have attracted the notice of every Natur-
alist, so few attempts have been made to describe the very
numerous species of which the family consists. It is true, nume-
rous species are indicated by Linnseus, Fabricius, and others, but,
with scarcely any other description than that of the name of the
plant on which they are found. In our own country, many species
were well figured by Harris, long ago, in his " Exposition of
English Insects," and a most extensive series of species, together
with the plants which they attack, was formed by Mr. Haworth,
who was induced to place them in Mr. Donovan's hands, with the
view to their publication with figures ; the latter author giving up
to Mr. Haworth, in return, a unique specimen of the splendid
Indian grasshopper, since published by Donovan, under the name
of Gryllus Donovani, in the Naturalist's Repository. Unfortu-
nately, the latter never proceeded with the contemplated work :
the collection, formed with so much care, was returned, half-eaten
by mites, to Mr. Haworth, and at the sale of his collection, it
fetched the price of one shilling !

On the Continent, the works of Hausmann,* Kyber,f Schrank,J

* llligcr's Mag., vol. i. f Germar's Mag., vol. i. + Fauna Boica.

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 63

Burmeister,* Zetterstedt,t Van Heyden,! ^"^ especially of
Dr. Th. Hartig,§ have, by degrees, contributed considerable
materials towards the knowledge and classification of these insects,
and we have now a volume upon the family, from the pen of
M. Kalteiibach, of Aix-la-Chapelle.

An introduction of 40 pages gives a general account of the
structure, physiology, and habits of these insects ; which, accord-
ing to their mode of generation, form three principal groups.

1. Vivi-oviparous (G. Aphis and Lachnus).

2. Oviparous (G. Chermes, Phylloxera Vacuna ?)

3. Viviparous (G. Tetraneur.i, Pemphigus, Schizoneura, and probably the underground
genera Forda, Rhizobius, Paracletus, and Trama).

These genera are characterised in the following tabular distribu-
tion : —

1. Abtheilung. Winged species, Blattlause.

Fore-wings with a biramos ecubitus :

Antenna; 7-jointed, long . . . . . . 1 G. Aphis.

" 6-jointed, short 2 G. Lachnus.

Fore- wings with a 1-ramose cubitus :

Antennae 6-joinled, &c. 3 G. Schizoneura.

" 5-jointed, &c 4 G. Vacuna.

Fore-wings with a simple cubitus.

Fore-wings with 4 oblique veins, antennae 6-jointed.

Hind-wings with 2 oblique veins . . . . .5 Pemphigus.

" with 1 oblique vein . . . . . 6 Tetraneura.

Fore-wings with 3 oblique veins, &c. :

Antennae 5-jointed, &c. 7 G. Chermes.

" 3-jointed, &c 8 Phylloxera.

2. Abtheilung. Wingless subterranean species, Hyponomeutes.

Antennae 6-jointed.

Last joint of antennae thick, longer than the preceding . 9 G. Rhizobius.
" " slender, shorter " . . 10 G. Forda.

Antennae 7-jointed, last joint very small :

Hind tarsi long and jointless ..... 11 G. Trama.
" " two-jointed 12 G. Paracletus.

Of the genus Aphis L. 119 Species are described :

" Lachnus, 111. 13 species . . (Aphis Quercus, Linn., A. Roboris, Linn.

&;c. G. Cinara, Curtis).

*♦ Schizoneura, Hart. 6 species . . TAphis lanigera, Ulmi, &c.)

" Vacuna, Van Heyd. 2 species . (A. dryophila, Schk. and a n. sp.)

" Pemphigus II, Hart., 7 species . (A. bursaiius, L. &c.)

" Tetraneura, Hart., 1 species . (A. Ulmi Degeer).

" Chermes^, Linn., 4 species . . (Ch. Abietis, Linn, &c.)

* Handb. d. Ent., vol. ii. -j- Insecta Lapponica. J In Museum Seckenb.

§ In Germar's Zeitschrift, vol. iii.

II The name of Brysocrypta Halid.-iy (Westw. Gen. Synopsis, Brit. Ins., p. 118), must
be retained for this genus.

^ I consider that the name, Adelges Vallot, ought to be given to this genus.

64 ENTOMOLOCrlCAL INTELLIGENCE.

Of the genus Phylloxera, B. de F., 1 species . (Vac. cnccinea, Van Heyd. P. Quercug,

B. de F.)
" Rhizobius, Burm. , 3 species . (Rh. Pilosellse Burm. &c.)

" Forda, Van Heyd., 1 species . . (F. formicaria).

" Trama, Van H., 1 species . . (T. troglodytes, Van H.)

" Paracletus, Van H., 1 species . . (P. cimiciformis, Van H.)

The genus Atheroides Haliday* appears to be unknown to the
continental authors, whilst the generic name Eriosoraa, Leach,
(Myzoxyle Blot.) must take place of that of Pemphigus, and be
restricted to such species as differ from A. bursarius. In like
manner, my generic name Thelaxes is synonymous with Vacuna, as
restricted by Kaltenbach, Th. Quercicola, W., being, most pro-
bably, V. dryophila, Van H. ; Vacuna coccinsea, V. H. being
removed to the genus Phylloxera Fonsc.

A double index, first of the insects, and second of the various
plants attacked by them, terminates the work.

Species et Iconographie GENERiauE des Animaux articules; ou Representation
des Genres avec leur description, et celles de toutes les Especes de cette grande Division
du Regne Animal : ouvrage formant una s6rie de Monographies completes. Par M.
F. E.Guerin-Meneville. 8vo. Paris, 1843. Livraisons 1 et 2.

The work of which I have given the title at full length above,
promises to be of the greatest service to entomologists. The
extensive collections in Paris opened to the author's researches, his
own excellent cabinet, library, and folios of drawings, are all laid
under contribution to perfect this work, which has been so long
announced, and so much longer the object of the author's attention.
Instead of commencing the Coleoptera with the Cicindelidse and
Carabidae, the author has undertaken the illustration of the less
known group of Cebrionidae and allied genera ; and we have, in the
two livraisons now published, excellent illustrations and descrip-
tions of the following genera and species: — Rhipicera, lisp.;
Sandalus, 5 sp. ; Scirtes, 16 sp. ; Eucinetus, 2 sp. ; Ptyocerus,
4 sp. ; Selasia, 3 sp. ; Chamaeripis, 1 sp. ; and Basodonta, 1 sp.
Each genus is represented with its details in a separate plate,
drawn with all the skill of its excellent author.

.* Westw. Gen. Syn., p. 118.

65

PLATE LXV.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME GENERA OF FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTEROUS
INSECTS, BELONGING TO THE FAMILY SPHEGID^.

The curious genus Chlorion of Latreille, (Ampulex Jurine) hav-
ing been raised by Shuckard * and Dahlbom -f- to the rank of a
family, distinct from the Sphegidse, it becomes interesting to
examine its precise structure, as well as that of some new forms
closely allied to it ; in order to discover the propriety of such a
step. In the third volume of the Transactions of the Entomologi-
cal Society, I established two new genera, bearing such a relation-
ship ; but, it happened, that at that period I was acquainted only
with one sex of each of them. Having since become acquainted
with the opposite sexes of each, and having likewise observed in
the Collection of the British Museum another undescribed form, I
have in the accompanying plate completed my illustrations of these
groups, by figuring the sexes hitherto wanting, as well as numerous
details of the genus Chlorion itself, together with a new and beautiful
species of that genus from the Collection of W. Burchell, Esq.

Genus.— CHLORION, Latreille.X (AMPULEX Jurine.)
CHLORION PURPUREUM, Westw.

(Plate 05, fig. I.)

C. Itete purpureum, valde punctatum, mesonoto obscuriore, metanoto transverse striate, carinis-
que novem (2da et 3tia utrinque a medio discretis) antennis clypeo tibiis tarsisque nigris ;
alis anticis fuscis fascia lata pone medium alisque posticis sub-liyalinis ; abdomiiie postice
minus compresso quam in A. conipressiventre Guer. ; collaie postice tuberciilo elevuto
instructo ; mandibiilis nigris apice piceis ; tarsorum articulo penulduio miiiuri quam in
congeneribus, articulo basali antennarum subtus rufesceuti. J

Long. Corp. $ lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 8-^.

Habitat in Africa Australiori, D. Burchell.

In addition to this species and the original type of the gpnus
Chlorion compressum, the following species have been recently
described and figured.

Species 3 CHLORION CYANIPES, Westw. (In Trans. Ent. Soc. 3, p. 230.)

From the Cape of Good Hope.

* Cabinet Cyclop. Nat. Hist. Ins. p, 180. See my observations hereon in Trans. Ent.
Soc. 3, p. 230, note *.

-f- Hymenoptera Europgea. Lund. 1843, p. 29 : in which excellent work the genus
Dolichurus is removed to the family Pompilidse, whilst in his previous ' Dispositio methodica',
Part 1, Lund. 1842, he has placed Ampulex and Dolichurus together as the first section A. of
Pompilidffi.

\ See Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. 3, p. 227, for the reasons which induce me to regard the
Sphex compressa as the true type of the genus Chlorion,

NO. XVII. \st JANUARY, li44. F

66 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME GENERA OF

Species 4.— CHLORION (AMPULEX) ANGUSTICOLLE, Spinola. (In Ann. Soc.
Ent. de France 1841, p. 108*.)
From Caj'eune.
Species 5.— CHLORION (AMPULEX) ^NEUM, Spinola. (lu Op. cit. p. 110.)

From the coast of Malabar.
Species 6.— CHLORION (AMPULEX) COMPRESSIVENTRE, Guerin. (Icon.

R. An. Ins., pi. 70, fig. 4.)
Species 7.— CHLORION GUERINI, Dahlbom. (Hym. Europ. p. 29.)

The following is the description of the figures illustrating the
structure of the insects of this genus, taken from C. compressum.
Fig. 2 a is the head of the male, with the mandibles removed,
showing its clypeus to be less porrected than in the female
(fig. 2 d.) Fig. 2 b represents the labrum detached, and 2 c the
mandible of the male, with a strong tooth on the inside below the
apex. Fig. 2 rf is the head of the female, with the mandibles and
base of the antenna ; the former with the inner edge slightly pro-
duced below the apex. Fig. 2 e is the maxilla; 2/ the mentum
and labial palpus, seen from beneath ; and 2 g the same seen late-
rally, this figure showing the inflected lobes of the labium. 2 h
represents the apical portion of the tarsi, showing the lobed penul-
timate joint and bifid ungues.

Genus TRIROGMA, Westw.
(Trans. Ent. Soc, vol. iii. p. 223.)

Hoc genus dim ex individuo unico maris conditum, nunc characteribus utriusque sexus con-
firmatum.

Corpus subelongatum punctatum, abdomine ^. tamen Isevissimo, coeruleo-nitidum, et pilis
longis griseis undique villosum. Caput antice clypeo parum producto suhdeclivi (fig.
4 a) tuberculoque inter partem inferioiem oculorum armato, in'quo insident antennae.
Oculi magni laterales margine autico parum emarginato. Ocelli 3, in triangulum dis-
positi. Antennse in utroque sexu longae graciles, $ filiformes, $ ad apicem attenuatse,
his subconvolutis. Labrum minulissimum exsertum obovatum depressum mem-
branaceum. Mandibulse $ validse curvatae apice acutse intus dente latissimo (angulo
basali valde prominenti et aeuto) : $ multo angustiores, pone medium marginis interni
denticulis tribus parvis instructs. Palpi maxillares mediocres arliculo Imo minuto
2bus proximis majoribus, ultimis tribus elongatis et gracilioribus. Palpi labiales
4-articulati articulo basali longiori, 2ndo breviori. Thorax oblongo-ovatus; collare
mesothorace multo angustius antice angustum lateribus rotundatis, supra impressione
longitudinali in lobos duos supra angulatos divisum ; metathorax subconicus lateribus
subangulatis discoque carinis obliquis notato. Alee anticae cellula unica marginal), ad
apicem baud appendiculata ; tribusque completis, cum quarta inchoata submarginalibus,
harum cellula Ima elongata accipit versus apicem venam primam recunentem, cellula 2da
minori subtriangulari accipit pone medium venam 2m. recurrentem. Pedes graoiles
femoribus ad basin clavatis, tarsis longis giacilibus articulo 4to simplici, unguibus bifidis
terminato. Tibias anticae J fere inermes, setis minutis instructse, calcari majori intus
lata bipartita instructae (fig. 4 6). Tarsi antici $ spinulis ad apicem arliculorum tantum
(fig. 4 c) setisque rigidis minutis subtus instructis. Tibiae 4 posticae etiam fere inermes,
bicalcaratse, tarsisque eodem modo armatis. Abdomen $ breviter petiolatum, 3-annu-

* This species is a native of Cayenne, being the only instance I am hitherto acquainted
with, of the occurrence of any species of this or the allied genera, in South America ; if, indeed
we except Perty's genus, Trigonopsis, which will, I think, be found to be closely allied
to them.

FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS. 67

latum, punctatum, scgmcntis posticepaium coarctatis intermedio majori ; 5 G anniilatuni,
3bus ultimis minutis.

Obs. — Descriptionem fusiorem maris in opere citato invenies.

Species unica. — Trirogma Cckrulea. (Plate 65, fig. 4.) 2.
T. coerulea punctata griseo-villosa, antennis tibiis tarsisque nigris, alis hyalinis stigmate venisque

nigris, metathorace utrinque supra linca elevata areaque media basali notato.
Long. Corp. lin. 6^ — 9. Expans. alar. lin. 9^ — 13.
Habitat in partibus medianis et septentrionalibus India; Orientalis. In Mus. Hearsey et

Saunders.

Syn. — Trirogma ceerulea, Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. iii., p. 225. Plate 12, fig. 3 $.

Several specimens of this interesting insect, which is intermediate
between Chlorion (Ampulex) and Dolichurus, captured by my
friend, Colonel Hearsey, in Central India, have enabled me to
complete the characters of the genus which I established for its
reception in the Transactions of the Entomological Society.

APHELOTOMA, TVeslw.

(Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., Vol. iii. p. 225.)

Hoc genus olim ex individais fcminis tantum descriptum nunc cbaracteribus utriusque sexus
confirmatum.

Caput latum facie depressa antice parum producta, hand tuberculata (fig, 3 a). Mandibulae
$ curvatae, et interne ante apicem dente acuto armatae (fig. 3 b); ^ crassae versus basin
subito constrictse apice acuta;;, dente interno parvo acuto armatae. Palpi maxillares
6-articulati articulis duobus basalibus brevibus fere asqualibus, 3tio paullo longiori et
crassiori, reliquis 3bus fere aequalibus sensim gracilioribus. Palpi labiales 4-articulati
fere filiformes articulo basali longiori, reliquis subsequalibus. Antennae breviores sub-
filiformes, in tuberculo baud insidentes ; articulo Imo longo ; 3tio longissimo. Collare
subconicum dorso in medio piano. Metathorax supra planiusculus carinis duabus elevatis
lateralibus, dorsoque lineis circiter 10 irregularibus longitudinalibus, elevatis striis trans-
versis connexis.

Abdomen $ thorace multo minus, quasi 6-annulatum, segmentis 3bus ultimis vero minutissimis ;
$ longlus apice conico, segmentis 3bus basalibus maguis, 4to minori reliquis minutis ;
segmentis duobus basalibus in utroque sexu nitidis laevissimis, reliquis quasi sericeis
et obscurioribus. Alse breves, anticae cellula unica marginali, apice baud appendiculata,
cellulis quatuor submarginalibus ; Ima majori, (in medio ad apicem appendiculata) venam
primam recurrentem excipiente ; 2da parva antice attenuata ; 3tia subquadrata venam
recurrentem 2dam versus basin excipiente ; 4ta ad apicem alae currente. Pedes £
elongati omnino inermes et ciliis destituti. Tarsorum articulus penultimus simplex
(fig. 3 c) ungues in medio subtus dente parvo instructi.

Species unica. — Aphelotoma Tasmanica. (Plate 65, fig. 3 $ .)
A. nigra pedibus rufis alis fuscis, anticis fascia media alba. Long. corp. lin. 4 — 4|. Expans.

alar. lin. 6.
Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii.
$ In Mus. nostr. Commun. Don). Ewing, and $ in Mus. W. W. Saunders, F.L.S.

Syn. — Aphelotoma Tasmanica,, Westw. Op. Cit. p. 226, pi. xii. fig. 4 ^.
^. Mandibula- rufse extreme apice nigro. Antennae rufae articulis 6 ultimis nigris; pedes rufi

coxis trochanteribus, et basi femorum pracsertim iu anticis nigris.
$ Mandibulae nigrae apice picea;, antennae nigrae articuli 4ti apice, 5to toto, et 6to fere toto

rufescentibus. Pedes cum coxis omnino rufis.

Obs. — Descriptionem fusiorem hujus sexus invenies in opere citato.

F 2

68 ILLUSTRATIONS OF FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTEROUS INSECTS.

RHINOPSIS, JVestwood.

Genus novum, e Georgia Americse septentrionalis ; Chlorioni affine at venis alarum anti-
carum distinctum.

Caput depressum, clypeo attenuato. Mandibulse ^ integrse falcatae ; antennae sat longae
graciles, articulo 3tio longo graciliori. CoUare triangulare in lobos duos linea impressa
longitudiaali divisum. Metathorax costatus et transversaliter striatus, Petiolus
abdominis longior quam in Chloiionibus veris. Abdomen segmento 2ndo maximo.
Pedes longi graciles simplices tarsorum articulo 4to brevissimo at subtus bilobo ;
ungues subtus in medio dente instruct!. Alae breves anticae cellula unica marginali, ad
apicem parum appendiculata; duabus completis Stiaque inchoata submarginalibus harum
prima louga accipit venam lam recurrentem, 2da subquadrata accipit venam 2dam recur-
rentem, 3tia apicem alse baud attingit.

Species unica. Rhinopsis Abbottii, Westw. (Plate' 65, fig. 5^ 5 .)
Rh. nigra pedibus piceis tarsis pallidioribus ; mandibulis pallida piceis ; alis hyalinis fascia lata

fusca ante alteraque pone medium fuscis.
Long. Corp. lin. 4. Expans alar. lin. 4.
Habitat in Georgia America; Sept. D. Abbott. In Mus. Britan. $.

Obs. — The unique specimen of this insect in the British Museum
collection, is without any indication of locality. My authority for
giving it as a native of Georgia, in America, is Abbott's collection
of drawings in the British Museum ; in the twelfth volume of which
it is carefully figured, under the number xxx 95, and where it is
stated to have been taken on the 20th April, in oak woods, but that
it is very rare.

The plant represented in the plate is the Australian Templetonia
glauca.

69

PLATE LXVI.

ILT.USTRATIONS OF TWO HITHERTO UNFIGURED SUPPOSED SPECIES
OF THE GENUS PAPILIO.

PAPILIO ASTORION.

(Plate 6G, fig. sup.)
P. alls elongatis valde angustis, posticis subsinuatig ecaudatis ; omnibus cyaneo-nigris immacu-
latis ; anticaruui dimidio apicali subtus obscure griseo-nigricanti venis strigisque inter-
mediis nigris, capite antice cum lateribus collaris, thoracis marginibusque posticis segmen-
torum ventralium abdominalium sauguineis ^.
Expans. alar. unc. i~, 5.

Habitat. Sylhet lud. Orient. In Mus. See. Ent. Lond. et Doubleday.
Syn.— P. Astorion, Westw, Ann. Nat. Hist. 1842. p. 37.

PAPILIO CHARA.

(Plate 66, fig. inf.)

P. alis anticis latis apice rotundatis, anticis basi nigris apice scnsim infuscatis auguloque anali
albido, venis strigisque intermediis nigris, alis posticis cyaneo-nigris margine sinuatis
ecaudatis, capite antice et lateribus collaris thoracis et abdominis sanguineis nigro macu-
latis Y . An femina precedentis.
Expans. alar. unc. 5^.
Habitat Sylhet. Ind. Or. In Mus. Brit, et Doubleday.

Syn. — Papilio Chara, Westw, in Ann. Nat. Hist. 1842, p. 37.
Papilio Varuna, White in Entomol. p. 280.

In assigning to this supposed species the name of P. Chara,
I desired to show its possible relation as the opposite sex to
P. Astorion.* Their specific identity can at present, however, be
only conjectured. Should they ultimately prove to be so, it will be
in accordance with the ordinary practice, to retain the name of the
male as that of the species.

The plant represented in the plate, is the Nepalese Hedychium
coronarium Koeii.

Next to that Book which shows to guilty man
How he through mercy infinite, may gain
More than he lost in Eden, I do rank,
And justly so, sweet Nature's varied lore,
For well it records many a glorious truth
Which in that better record stands revealed.
The furious hurricane that rends the heavens
And makes the scared and desolated earth

These are the names of the hounds of Boiitcs,

70

Reel like a drunkard; the resistless flood,
The barren waste; nay, e'en the very thorn
AVhich wounds our finger when we pluck the flower,
And noxious weed that mocks the hope of toil,
Do all attest one truth, man's foul revolt.
The changing seasons, winter's death-like reign
So soon succeeded by the bloom of Spring,
What are they but the types of man's decease,
And resurrection ? The bUthe birds which perch
Beneath our cottage eaves, the smiling flowers
Which decorate the hedge-row and the mead.
Do they not mind us to repose our trust
On Him who feeds and clothes them day by day ? "
What says the lip of Wisdom ? " Mark the fowls.
Which neither sow, nor reap, nor store in barns,
And yet your heavenly Father feedeth them.
Consider too, the lilies how they grow,
They neither toil, nor spin, and yet I say,
That Solomon in all his glorious pomp
Was not arrayed like these. Wherefore, if God
Thus clothes the grass, so soon to pass away,
And feed the fowls of Heaven : Shall He not then
Much rather for your daily wants provide .-^
O ye of little faiih ! "

Recollections of the Lakes.

71

PLATE LXVII.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO NEW GOLIATH BEETLES.

Family.— CETONIID^.

Sub-family — GOLIATHIDES.
Genus.— CERATORHINA.

Sub-genus Novum. — AMAURODES, Westw.

CERATORHINA (AMAURODES) PASSERINIl (MELLY'S MSS.)

(Plate 67, fig. 1.)

The insect here represented belongs to that section of the genus
Ceratorhina, which has the anterior tibias of the males denticulated
only on the inner edge (see vol. i., p. 171). As it differs from the
Dicronorhinse in the form of the horn of the head, and from the
Eudicellse in its obscure colours, I have considered it as a distinct
sub-genus, which evidently leads to Cheirolasia. I regret that I
am able to give no account of the structure of the female, nor of
the formation of the maxillaj, my figures being copied from a
drawing by Signor Passerini, kindly forwarded to me by A. Melly,
Esq., for publication in this work.

Char. Subgener. Tibifc $ anticae intus denticulatae extus inermes. Tibiae 4-postic8e extus
inermes. Clypeus $ in cornu furcatum porrectus. Corpus obscurum, nee metallicum
(sericeiim ?^ ; elytiis maculis numerosis pallidis distinctum. Pedes antiei longiores.
Elytra ad apieem sutura; sub-bi-spinosa. Tibiae 2 posticae intus ad basin setosa;. "^
ignota.

Char. Specif. Nigra opaca, prothorace albido, linea tenui marginali, altera latiori mediana
punctisque duobus rotundatis nigris ; elytiis tricostatis maculisque 16-fulvis forma et
magniludine subsequalibus ornatis ; tarsorum articulis tribus ultimis in pedibus duobus
posticis fiilvis, unguibus apicibusque nigris.

Long. Corp. lin. 17 $ .

Habitat Mozambique.

Fig. 1, the insect of the natural size ; 1 a, the same seen late-
rally ; 1 i, the underside of the head ; 1 c, the mentum and base
of the head and maxillae ; 1 rf, the sternum and base of the middle
feet.

ASTHENORHINA, Westiv.
Caput maris inerme clypeo parum emarginato. Mandibulse margine externo recto (fig. 2 a).

Maxillfe lobo apicali porrecto acuto apice curvato, dense penicillato, lobo interno inermi
(fig. 2 b). Mentum apice late et profunde iucisum (fig. 2 c). Prothorax latciibus in
medio valde antrulatis, et pone medium fere rectis et parallelis. Elytra apice integia.
Femora antica crassa, apice interne bidentata. Tibiae anticae intus inermes recite extus
pone medium dente rudimentali instructa;. Tibiaj 4-postica; pone medium externe
ineimes interne ad apieem emarginatse et setosse. Corpus supra opacum subtus nitidum.
Sternum vix porrectura (fig. 2d, 2 e).

72 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO NEW GOLIATH BEETLES.

The size of the fore- feet removes this genus from the Heterorhinse,
whilst it appears to make the nearest approach to Tmesorrhina and
Aphelorrhina, vol. 1, p. 181.

The name which I proposed for this genus is derived from the
Greek, and like those of most of the other groups in this tribe
of beetles refers to the form of the clypeus, which in this group is
unarmed.

Speciks unica. — Asthenorhina Turneri. (Plate 67, fig. 2, 3.)

P. viridis supra opacus interdum fiilvo tinctus. elytris parum costatis interdum luteis, fascia
longitudinali ex humeris ad tuberculum subapicale extensa viride, sutura nitida, pedibus
cupreo plus minusve tiactis, aateanis tarsisque nigris ; thorace subtus lateribus albido
Betosis.

Long. Corp. lin. 10.

Habitat Africa Tropicali, Ashantee. In Mus. D. Turner.

I am indebted to J. A. Turner, Esq., of Manchester, for an
opportunity of adding this interesting species to the list of African
Goliath beetles. The kindness of this gentleman, in submitting a
considerable number of his rarest insects to the examination of
Dr. Burmeister and myself, amply merits the trifling compliment
I offer to him in affixing his name to this species.

The plant represented in the plate is the Grewia pubescens of
Palisot de Beauvois.

73

PLATE LXVIII.

MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDiE.

(Part IIL)

The insects belonging to this curious family, which remain to be
described in the present monograph, are distinguished from all
those described in the two preceding papers (except Hylotorus
Bucephalus) by apparently possessing only two distinct joints in
the antennae ; the second of which is very large and irregular in
its construction, occasionally exhibiting the appearance of constric-
tions, apparently indicating the situation of articulations. This is
the case, for example, in a transverse impression near the base of
the great joint, in the species figured in the upper part of the
accompanying plate, as well as in Platyrhopalus aplustrifer ;
whilst the indentations along the hinder margin of the same
joint, in some of the species of Paussus, may also, perhaps, be
considered as indicating the same rudimental articulation. From
Hylotorus, the species remaining to be described are distinguished
by the possession of a narrow contraction of the head behind the
eyes, forming a kind of neck, and by the want of the two ocelli,
or ocelli-like tubercles, on the crown of the head.

These species, from the construction of the labial palpi, form
two generic groups : one (containing the old types of the genus,
and therefore retaining the old generic name, Paussus) having the
terminal joint of the labial palpi very long and slender, and the
two basal joints small ; and the other having the two terminal
joints of equal length, and generally possessing a large, broad, and
subdepressed club to the antennae, whence, upon the separation of
this group from the former, in my paper in the Linnaean Trans-
actions, I applied to it the generic name of Platyrhopalus. It is to
this genus that our attention is now to be directed.

PLATYRHOPALUS, IVesitv.
(Traus. Linn. Soc. Lond. vol. 16, p. 654.)

Corpus deprcssum. Caput thorace minus, porrectum subquadratum, postice in coUum bieve
contractual. Oculi magni prominuli latciales. Labrum suh-scniicireulaie tcnue setis
iliiabua anticc instructum (fie;. 1 c). MandibulcB corneas tenuissimae valdc arcuatce apice
in dentem acutissimum ternjinato, interne uni- vel bi-dcntatjc ; mcnibranaque tenui sub-

74 MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^E.

rotundata instructse (fig. 1 a). MaxillcB parvse lobo basali crustaceo, processu terminali
vel interno piano acuto corneo valde compresso mandibuliformi laterne iuterno uni- vel
bi-dentato externoque stylo tenui exarticulato instructae (fig. I e — 1 l). Palpi maxil-
lares magni 4-articulati articulo basali bievi, 2ndo maximo apice interne oblique pro-
ducto compresso, 3tio subquadrato, 4to tenuiori subovato, Mentum breve transversum
crustaceum, angulis anticis in spinam longam productis, medioque marginis antic! sub-
rotunde porrecto (fig. prox. \ d). Palpi labiates breves 3-articulati porrecti vel reflexi
articulo Imo brevi * duobus ultimis subajqualibus, Iroo crassiori, 3tio tenuiori apice
acuto. Labium subquadratum basi in lobos duos interne connexos (palpos gerentes)
constructum, f margine antico integro, angulis anticis rotundatis. Antennae magnse
articulis quasi duobus, priori minori compresso, apice oblique marginato, angulo interiori
supra producto fere conico ; tunc articulus ? parvus subglobosus emarginaturse prioris
immersus : cui insidet articulus ultimus niaximus subplanus valde depressus et inferiori
subtransverse impositus ; margine omni compresso acuto basi truncatus et externe
incisus vel dentatus : etiam juxta basin superne transversim impressus (articuloi'um
divisionem referens) ; nee basi uncinatus. Thorax planus brevis transversus latior,
lateribus anticis rotundatis. Elytra thorace multo latiora, postice subtruncata oblongo-
quadrata depressa angulis posticis externe tuberculo ordinario instructis. Pedes brevi-
usculi crassi, tibiis dilatatis, calcaribus duobus, ad apicem armatis, angulis externis
apicalibns acutis. Tarsi breves, 5 articulati, articulis tribus basalibus compressis intus
pilosis, 4to minutoj ; 5toque tenui longiori ]a3vi cylindrico, unguibus duobus acutis
instructi. .4/^ ut in] Paussis. ^66?o»Me?i elytris pauUo longius, 4 -articulatum articulis
duobus intermediis brevissimis || .

The insects of the present genus appear to be intermediate
between those species of Paussus which have the prothorax not
strongly constricted across the centre, and the Cerapteri. In their
biarticulate antennae and the formation of their maxillary palpi,
they approach the former ; and in the general habit of their bodies,
as well as in the formation of the basal joints of their tarsi, and in
the tendency to articulation exhibited in the clava of their antennae,
they approximate to Cerapterus, Platyrhopalus angustus, and the
two species which, in the Linnaean Transactions, I described under
the names of " Platyrhopalus ? leevifrons" and "Platyrhopalus?
dentifrons," (but which I now find, by an examination of their
trophi, to be species of Paussus,) serve to prove the former relation-
ship, whilst Platyrhopalus Melieii sufficiently attests the latter.

In a preceding article (pp. 10 — 12) I have quoted some observa-
tions by Dr. Burmeister, upon the construction of the wings of

* In the Linna;an Transactions (xvi. 655), and ante p. 5, the joints of the labial palpi
were described as of equal, or nearly equal, length. The present description is made from a
very careful recent dissection of P. denticornis compared with the other species.

■f In the specimen of P. denticornis which I dissected fourteen years ago, the basal portion
of the labium seemed more regnlarly divided into two scapes, upon which the palpi are in-
serted, than in the specimen of the same insect recently examined.

X In my paper in the Linnsean Transactions, I overlooked this minute joint, which, how-
ever, I detected in P. Mellii and Westwoodii, Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 684. and Ent, Trans, ii.
pi. 10, fig. 4g, 5 c, 5d.

II Mr. W. W. Saunders' unique specimen of P. AVcstwoodii has the appearance of an additional
basal articulation, which led me to figure the abdomen as 5-jointed in the Entomological
Transactions. 1 find, however, the articulation is only apparent, and not real.

MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^. 75

these insects and the relationship which was thereby supposed to be
proved to exist between the Paussidae and the Carabidse, as well
as the want of relation between the former family and those groups
of beetles with which it has been associated by Latreille and other
authors, as well as by myself. It is due, however, to Dr. Bur-
meister, to observe, that it was not upon this character alone that
he was induced to affirm this relationship, having carefully reviewed
the entire construction of the Paussidse, and more especially in-
vestigated the structure of the maxillae, considering that " le
veritable caractere de la bouche d'un Coleoptere carnassier est la
figure de la machoire et la construction du mando.""

The following is Dr. Burmeister's description of the maxillae of
Platyrhopalus denticornis : —

" Les machoires ont un pedicule inarticule cordiforme exterieure-
ment corne, mais rempli de muscles charnus dans sa partie
interieure, muscles qui meuvent toute la machoire, et principalement
le lobe interne de celle-ci, que j'ai nomme mando ou piece manduca-
teuse, puisqu''elle est la plus broyeuse, si un insecte prend une
nourriture dure et non pas fluide. Cette piece est d'une grandeur
fort remarquable dans les Paussidae comme les figures de M. West-
wood nous le montrent, et a en general la meme configuration que
chez le Platyropalus denticornis. J'ai examine soigneusement la
conjonction de ce mando avec la machoire, et j'ai trouve qu'il est
fixe a la seconde piece de la machoire, qui forme un petit anneau
sur la piece basale ou stipes. Get anneau, que Ton pent prendre
pour le premier article du palpe maxillaire, a dans son cote interne
un petit appendice capituliforme, qui est situe dans une excavation
du mando, et fait avec lui une articulation sur laquelle il pent se
mouvoir par ses muscles en haut et en bas comme le mouvement
broyant I'exige. Tout pres, dans I'excavation articulaire du mando,
on observe une autre excavation, qui est alongee dans toute sa
partie interne et posterieure. Dans cette excavation se fixe un petit
style claviforme, qui pent faire avec le mando tons les mouvements
quand il est contenu dans le sillon de son cote interieur. Quand
le mando est redresse, ce petit style est cache entre lui et le palpe
maxillaire, et c'est pourquoi nous ne voyons pas ce style dans les
figures de M. West wood, excepte dans celle de la machoire du
Platyrhopalus Melleii, ou ce style n'est pas seulement inarticule
mais forme un appendice filiforme biarticule, et tout-a-fait sem-

76 MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E.

blable au paipe maxillaire interne d'un Carabiquo ou Hydro-
canthare. Les autres parties de la machoire forment le palpe
maxillaire."

It is due to Dr. Burmeister to state, that the supposed articula-
tion of this style in Platyrhopalus Melleii, as figured by me in the
Entomological Transactions (vol. x. ii. pi. fig. 4 c) is apparent only
and not real ; my notes state it to have been a flat slender appen-
dage " which was twisted in the middle, but not articulated. In
the other maxilla, I did not discover it in this position, but after
removing the maxilla, I found it lying loose upon one of the
mandibles." It is the more necessary to make this statement,
because Dr. Burmeister, in his comparison of the structure of the
Paussidse and Carabidse, has more especially considered this sup-
posed biarticulated structure, as well as the equally supposed
dilated hood-like form of the labial palpi in Pentaplatarthrus, as
precisely analogous to the Carabideous and Cychrideous structure.
" On m'objectera," he observes, " que le palpe interieur de Paus-
sides est inarticule, et le palpe des Carabiques biarticule ; mais j'ai
deja montre que quelques genres des Paussides, comme le Platyrho-
palus Melleii, Westw. (qui forme un genre particulier et n^est
pas un vrai Platyrhopalus) ont des palpes maxillaires internes
tri-Qbi]-articules; et Ton voit que ce meme palpe chez le Pentaplatar-
thrus Paussoides, d'apres la figure de M. Westwood, (Linn. Trans.
xvi. pi. xxxiii., fig. 7 c) est dilate en forme de capuchon, et couvre
le mando,* comme dans le genre Cychrus, et les congeneres chez
les Carabiques "

The interest excited by these singular details led me to reinves-
tigate the structure of the trophi of Platyrhopalus denticornis, the
result of which is before the student in the lower series of figures
in the accompanying Plate ; and which differ in several respects
from Dr. Burmeister 's descriptions. Without attempting to refer
the basal portions of the maxilla marked in this and the other
plates of the Paussidse with the marks * and f to the typical
structure of the Coleopterous maxilla, I shall merely observe

* The part which in Pentaplatarthrus Dr. Burmeister has regarded as a dilated labial palpus, is
in fact the real mando ; since there is nothing in my figure to which he refers, to indicate a
separation between the part which he considers to bo the mando, and the basal portion or stipes.
Hence two of his proofs of affinity between the Paussidse and Carabidac arc shown to be
untenable.

MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^. 17

that the external outei' horny piece in Platyrhopalus, 1 e, \f,
1 g, and 1 h *, is hollowed out within, being filled with muscle
below, and having on its inner face above, a small curved horny
piece f , which is Dr. Burmeister''s petit appendice caputiliforme,
which is, however, shown in my fig. 1 (/, to have no connexion with
the basal joint of the maxillary palpi (X) ^^ Dr. Burmeister
describes it ; its use also as a socket or fulcrum for the alternate
elevation and depression of the hooked mando, appears to me to be
altogether gratuitous ; as, although I endeavoured to move it in all
directions (see figures 1 h, 1 /, 1 A, 1 /,) I could not find that it even
possessed an independent movement. Indeed, I believe Dr. Bur-
meister's figure 10 is composed of this small corneous piece f, and
the true mando ; and that his fig. 8 a, and the left-hand portion of
his figure 10, are the same organs seen in different positions, and
that they have no distinct existence in nature. This small piece
+, varies in size in the genera of the present family. I find it in
Paussus to agree in minuteness with Platyrhopalus. In Cerapterus
Hopii (ante, pi. 50, fig. 5 d f) it is much enlarged, and becomes
external ; and in Pentaplatarthrus (pi. 58, fig. 2 c) it is very large,
assuming the place of the basal part *. The minute exarticulated
style appears to be restricted to this genus, it having been only
found in P. denticornis and Melleii. It is to Dr. Burmeister that
we are indebted for pointing out its analogy with the labial palpi
of the Carabideous insects.

The four species represented in the accompanying plate are more
especially typical of the group ; P. Melleii and aplustrifer receding
from its general habit, but yet they are not sufficiently distinct to
warrant me in separating them generically. P. laevifrons and
dentifrons, as mentioned above, must now be removed to the
genus Paussus.

Species I.— PLATYRHOPALUS DENTICORNIS. (Plate 68, fig. 1.)

P. sublatus, rufo-castaneus, el3'tiis dorso fusco ; sutura late ad basin, maculaque utrinque
postica rufo-castaneis, antennarum clava magna latere omni acuto continuo at juxta basin
externe iucisione parva distincto ; thorace antice utrinque rotundato-dilatato.

Long. Corp. lin. 3|^, ad lin. 5.

Habitat in India Orientali (Bengalia, &c.) In Musaeo nostro, &c.

Syn. — Pausus denticornis, Donov, Epit. Ins. Ind. Pausus, No. 1, tab. 5, fig. I ; Reos
Entomol. pi. 8, fig. 10 and 10* ; sine descript. (nee Gyllenhal).

Platyrhopalus denticornis, Westvvood, in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xvi. p. 657, tab. 33,
fig. 43 — 48, vol. xix. p. 50; Burmeister, in Guer. Mag. Zool. 1841, Ins. pi. 76, fig.
2, &c.

MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID-S:.

Descr. — Rufo-castaneus, supra subdepressus undique luteo tenuiter pubescens, nitidussub lente
tenuissime punctatus. Caput antice depressum margine antico parutn elevato et in medio
subemarginato, inter oculos subcanaliculatum canali in parte elevata postica in impressione
profundiori terminato . Palpi rufescentes. Antennae rufo-castaneae articulo apicali
(clava) maximo, prothorace majori fere ovato, basi tamen subemarginate truncato,
supra in disco parum convexo, subtus magis gibboso, margine omni compresso acuto
superne juxta basin (et cum eo parallela) impressione transversa, quae ad marginem
posticum in incisionem parvam et angustam desinit, angulo basali (dentem formante),
externe subrotundato ; incisione interne tamen fere recta, inde apex dentis snbobtusus
apparet. Protborax brevis transversus basi apiceque truncatus antice multo latior et
elevatior, lateribus rotundato-dilatatis juxta vel paulo ante basin, subemarginatis, ibique
depressus, et utrinque fovea transversa brevi parva. Elytra protboracis parte antica
latiora et illo quadruplo longiora, oblongo-quadrata, basi transversim impresso, rufo-
castanea, disco nigro plaga magna subtriangulari basali, sutura maculisque duabus posticis
ovalibus relictis rufo-castaneis. Tibiae dilatatas compressK, angulo externo apicali preser-
tim in posticis, acutis, 2-calcaratis. Corpus totum infra rufo-castaneum, segmento anali
abdominis margine postico rotundato.

Obs. — Fig. 1 represents the insect magnified ; 1 a, the antennse of the usual form ; 1 b,
the antennae of another specimen, in the collection of M. Dupont, where it is incorrectly
named by him PI. Melleii ? and which is rather darker than the ordinary specimens, but
not otherwise distinct, either in structure or markings. I presume this difference in the
form of the clava of the antennae may be sexual ; at all events, I cannot regard it as a
specific distinction, unaccompanied by other characters.

Fig. 1 c represents the labrum, 1 d the mandible, the figure not numbered, to the right of
which is the mentum, labial palpi and labium ; 1 e the maxilla seen from below ; 1 / the
same seen more from within the mouth ; 1 g the basal portions separated, and basal
joints of the palpi ; 1 h the maxilla with the palpi entirely removed ; 1 J, 1 A:, and I /,
the mando, and its basal piece, and the maxillary palpus seen in different positions ; 1 m
the extremity of the posterior tibia and tarsus.

Species II. — Platyrhopalus Westwoodii. (Plate 68, fig. 2.)

P. latus, rufo-castaneus, elytris plaga magna triangulare ad basin alterisque duabus lateralibus,
fascia que tenui irregulari ad apicem nigris ; antennarum clava magna subrotundata mar-
gine postico parum undulato, et versus basin late incisa angulo externo acuto. Long.
Corp. lin. 4.

Habitat in India Orientali. Mus. D. W. W. Saunders, F.L.S., etc.

Syn — Platyrhopalus Westwoodii, Saunders in Trans. Ent. Soc. Vol. ii. p. 84, pi. x.,
fig. 5. Westwood in Linn. Trans, xix. pi. 51.

Prsecedenti latior : rufo-castaneus, nitidus sub lente tenuissime luteo setosus et punctatus.
Caput antice planum vix emarginatum linea tenuissima impressa e margine antico versus
verticem extensa, impressionibus que duabus vix distinctis ad marginem internum oculo-
rum ; antennarum clava magna fere rotundata, supra et infra fere aeque convexa margine
postico parum undulato, et versus basin incisione profundiori et latiori denteque multo
acutiori armata. Prothorax postice angustiorlineisque tribus transversis vix distinguendis
Elytra lata, rufo-castanea ad basin plaga magna comniuni dilatato-cordata, maculaque
magna subtriangulari utrinque, fasciaque tenui irregulari apicali, nigris. Tibiae ad api-
cem emarginatis in dentem externum acutum terminatse. Podex niger nitidus.

Obs. — Fig. 2 a represents the lower parts of the mouth in situ (more correctly than in
Trans. Ent. Soc. ii. pi. x., fig. 5 a.) 2 b the abdomen seen from beneath ; and 2 c
the tarsus with the emargination of the apex of the tibia.

Species 111. — Platyrhopahis angustus. (Plate 68, fig. 3.)

P. brunneo-castaneus ; elytris angustioribus, singulo macula magna laterali triangnlari nigra,
antennarum clava magna rotundata, subconvexa margine postico continuo at versus basin
late incisa, dente acuto armato. Long. corp. lin. 3.

MONOGRAPH OP THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSlDyK. 79

Habitat in India Orientali. Necmuck, D. E. T. Downcs.

Corpus totum nitidum parce piibescens, rufo-castaneum : caput antice vix emarginatum , linea
longitudinali vix impressa verticem fere attingente. Antennariim clava prothoracis mag-
nitudine margine otnni acuto ; cxterno vero prope basin incisione lata et profunda dente
basali acuto. Prothorax capite paullo latior, lateribus antice rotundatis postice paullo
arigustior (sc. cordato-truncatus) impressione tenui transversa pone medium. Elytra
thorace vix dimidio latiora angulis humeralibus promiuentibus rotundatis, singulo cum
tuberculo ordinario ad angulum posticum externum instructo, rufo-castanea, singulo
macula magna triangulari nigra versus medium suturam fere attingente. Abdomen apice
nigro, subtus 4-aniculatnm. Pedes castanei tibiis mediocriter dilatatis, apice oblique
truncatis.

This species was collected in the interior of India, at Neemuck,
by Assistant-Surgeon E. T. Downes, who informs me that he
caught a single specimen in his room by lamplight, having observed
it crawling on his table.

Species IV Platyrhopalus Acutidens.

Syn Platyrhopalus acutidens, Westw. In Lin. Trans, xvi., p. 661, pi. xxxiii., fig. 50.

Ditto xix., p. 51.

This species was proposed by me upon an incomplete specimen,
preserved amongst the insects brought from Nepaul by ]\Iaj.-Gen.
Hardwicke, and now in the British Museum, of which the elytra,
legs, and abdomen are wanting. The head and prothorax are
smaller and darker-coloured than in P. denticornis ; the prothorax
is proportionably rather longer ; the eyes are black ; the head
rounded and subdepressed in front, and not emarginate ; the inter-
nal margin of the clava of the antenna exhibits a stronger contrac-
tion at the base than in that species, and the incision on the outer
edge is much wider ; and the basal tooth very acute. In some of
these respects it approaches P. angustus ; but, until a more complete
specimen is obtained, it is impossible to determine whether it be
identical therewith or not. The regular hind margin of the clava
of the antenna, separates it from P. Westwoodii.

Species V. — Platyrhopalus unicolor. (Plate 68, fig. 4.) (Copied from Schonherr.)

P. latus brunneo-castaneus, antennarum clava magna ovata compressa juxta basin externa
incisa ; dente obtuso, protborace antice utrinque rotundato dilatato. Loner, corp. (see fie.
Schouberri), lin. 4].

Habitat in India Orientali. Dom. Pro. Schumacher.

Syn. — Platyrhopalus unicolor, Westw. In Linn. Trans., xvi., p. 659, tab. xxxiii., fio-. 49.
Ditto, vol. xix. p. 50.

Pausus denticornis. Megerle, lUig. Mag. 3, 113, not. (absque descr.) Gyllenbal in
ScUonh. Syn. Ins. torn. 1 pars iii. Appendix p. 14. tab. 6, fig. 1. Schiinh. id. p. 19, no.
5. Dalman, Anal. Ent. p. 103, sub Hylotoro Bucepbalo.

In Mus. Schonherr, Gyllenbal et Dejean.

80 MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^.

Totus brunneo-castaneus ; supra subdeprcssus tenue pubescens, nitidus obsolete punctatus ;
caput subquadratum nitiduni supra obsolete canaliculatim et e figura Schiinherri, vix
antice emarginatum ; antennarum clava maxima fere ovata disco parum convexo, subtus
magis gibbosa, in margine externo profunde incisa. Prothorax brevis transversus antice
multo latior lateribus rotundato dilatatis, pone medium cito coarctatus, anterius convexus
posterius depressus et striga media transversa abbreviata impressus. Elytra humeris
antrorsum prominentibuscastanea sub-nitida. Corpus subtus brunneo-castaneum nitidum.
Pedes breviusculi pallidius castanei, valde compressi tibiis dilatatis.

In consequence of the priority of Donovan's specific name, denti-
cornis, I have considered it necessary to give this another denomina-
tion, and which has reference to the uniformity of its colour, by
which it is distinguished from the preceding species.

The curious leafless plant represented in the plate, is the Indian
Utricularia reticulata.

Want of space, in a preceding page, prevented me from giving
the following summary of Dr. Burmeister'^s views of the relations of
the Paussidse with the other carnivorous families, which I now add ;
there will be occasion to refer to it in my observations on the genus
Paussus in a future number.

" Les Carnassiers sont Determines et Partages de cette Maniere.
Coleoptera carnivora sen adephaga.
Mandibulse arcuatse, cornese, maxillarumque mandones coruei, elongati, ssepissime uncinati,
setosi vel ciliati, rarius nudi. Maxillarum galea, sive palpse maxillares iuternas, saepissiuie
filiformes, biarticulata, rarius uniarticulatae vel nullae. Mentum transversum in <ipice bi-
sinuatum, extus dilatatum ; ligula libera, mobilis, extus stipite corneo suffulta. Femora
pedum posticorum connata cum pectore extus acuminata ; trochanteres pedum fulcrantes.
Alae pilosse, vena radialis cellula transversa in apice terminata.

I. Geolestes. Pedibus ambulatoriis; capite exserto, collo plus miuusve elongato,

1. Antennae 11-articulatse, filiformes, rarius moniliformes vel depressa;

versus apicem. Maxillarum galea semper biarticulata elongata, in-

terdum cucullata, saspissime filiformis ..... 1 Carabidae.

2. Antennse 2-10-articulata3, vel omnino depressse, latse ellipticse,

vel lentiformes, vel irregulariter clavatse. Maxillarum galea ssepis-
sime styliformis uniarticulata, interdum obsoleta rarius cucullata . 2 Pausidffi.

II. Hydrocanthari, Pedibus natatoriis saspissime compressis ciliatis.

1. Antennse filiformes, rarius medio paululum incrassatse vel in apice

depressse. Oculi duo. Maxillarum galea semper biarticulata, fili-
formis, interdum minuta ....... 3 Dyticidse.

2. Antennse clavatee, primo articulo dilatato, auriculato; maxillarum

galea obsoleta vel nulla. Oculi quatuor . . . . .4 Gyrinidse."

81

PLATE LXVIII.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF A NEW SPECIES OF PAPILIO FROM MELVILLE

ISLAND.

PAPILIO CANOPUS, Westwood.

Annals of Nat. Hist., April, 1842.

(Plate 68, fig. I, and I*, male ; fig. 2, female.)

P. alis latis ; posticis sinuatis et breviter caudatis ; incisurls
albis, omnibus supra fuscis ; anticis fascia sub-apicali e maculis
novem albiclis ; posticis fascia pone medium e maculis septem,
lunula tenui cserulea (puncto fulvo in foemina adjecto), ad
angulum ani ; alis subtus concoloribus, posticis vero maculis
transversis ex atomis caeruleis pone fasciam macularera, macu-
lisque vel arcubus pallidis (in foemina fulvo-tinctis), ante inci-
suras albidas apicales.

Expans. alar, unc. 3^, 4.

Inhabits Melville Island, on the north coast of New Holland. In
the Collection of the Rev. F. W. Hope, and the British Museum.

This species is most nearly allied to Papilio Pammon, from
which it however differs in its considerably broader wings, the
fore pair of which are further distinguished by the fascia of large
white, or pale buff spots, separated from each other by the dark
veins of the wings and by the analogous fascia in the hind wings
which runs more regularly parallel with the apical margin of these
wings, whereas in P. Pammon, the anterior edge of this row of
spots forms nearly a straight line. The disc of the wings, both
above and below, is also much less glossed with the minute fulvous
scales than in P. Pammon.

The male has the fascia on the fore-wings much more strongly
defined than the female, and of a more buff colour. In the hind
wings of this sex above, the fascia is followed next the anal angle
by a very slender blue lunule, and there are some blue scales
forming very nearly obsolete patches behind the next two inner
pale spots ; on the under side, however, these blue patches are of
large size, and distinct behind each of the large cream-coloured
spots forming the fascia, the one next the anal angle having a
scarcely visible orange lunule behind it. On this side also between
the blue patches and the white incisions is a row of dirty buff spots,

NO. XVni. 15^ MARCH, 1844. G

82 ILLUSTRATIONS OF A NEW SPECIES OF PAPILIO.

each resting upon a patch darker than the disc of the wing. The
female has the fascia of the fore-wings nearly interrupted beyond
the middle of the wing, especially on the upper side, the slender
blue lunule next the anal margin is succeeded on the upper side
by a small orange transverse spot, and some orange scales resting
on a darker brown patch are seen between the fascia and pale mar-
ginal incisions. The extremity of the hind wings is much more
varied beneath than above, the white fascia being followed by blue
lunules (not so large as in the male), and these by transverse black
patches, bearing buff-coloured lunules : the white incisions are
also of larger size than in the males.

The species is named in allusion to Canopus, one of the Southern
constellations.

The plant represented in this Plate is the Australian Persoonia
ferruginea.

TO A BUTTERFLY SEEN IN MID-WINTER.

[At the last meeting of the Entomological Society, February 5, 1844, a beautiful
specimen of Pontia Rapse, evidently just disclosed from the chrysalis, was exhi-
bited by F. Bond, Esq., which he had captured during the preceding month.]

Child of the Summer ! what dost thou here,

In the sorrow and gloom of the weeping year ;

When the roses have withered that bloom'd on thy birth,

And the sunbeam that nurs'd thee has passed from the earth .''

The flowers that fed thee are frozen and gone —

Thy kindred are perished, and thou art alone —

No one to welcome— no one to cheer —

Child of the Summer ! what dost thou here?

Yet 'tis sweet thy gossamer wing to view,

Revelling wild in the troubled blue —

Heeding nor rain, nor snow, nor storm —

Buffeting all with thy tiny form.

Even thus the hope of our summer days,

In the heart's lone winter gaily plays —

Thou art the type of that hope so dear :

Child of the Summer ! thou 'rt welcome here !

Welcome 'mid sorrow, and gloom, and showers.

Emblem of gladness that once was ours —

Emblem of gladness that yet will come,

When the sun-bright ether will be thy home ;

And myriads of others, as bright as thou,

Will revel around us— all absent now :

Emblem of hope to the mourner dear.

Child of the Summer ! thou 'rt welcome here !

Dublin Penny Jotirnal.

83

PLATE LXIX.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF LONGICORN BEETLES FROM
TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA.

The African Longicorn beetles belonging to the section, of which
Lamia regalis may be considered as the type, are amongst the most
beautiful species of the entire group ; and as our collections are
particularly rich in them, I propose to devote a few Plates in the
present volume of this work to their illustration. In the present
Plate four new species are represented from the cabinets of the
Rev. F. W. Hope, A. Melly, Esq., and my own collection.

The species represented in Nos. 1, 2, and 3, belong to the genus
Sternodonta of De Jean. This group was first pointed out and
characterised by me ten years ago, in a paper published in the first
volume of the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London,
having been omitted by Serville in his revision of the Longicorn
beetles. I forbore, however, to propose a separate name for the
group, which was subsequently adopted by M. Percheron, in the
" Genera des Insectes," where the name of Sternotomis was given
to it, which name must be adopted in preference to that proposed
by De Jean, the characters of which were only for the first time
published in the " Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Articules,"
Vol. IIL, p. 474.

The species represented in No. 4^ belongs to the genus Tra-
gocephala of De Jean and Serville.

Species I.— LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS), VIRESCENS, Hope MS.

(Plate 69, fig. 1, and details.)

L. nigra, seneo-pulverulosa, capite, pronoto et elytrorum basi albo-vireacenti fasciatis, his
etiam maculis variis albo-virescentibus ornatis.

Long. Corp. lin. 16.

Habitat apud Sierram Leonam.

The head is deeply notched in front, with a streak down the
middle of the face dilated towards the mouth, the labrum, some
patches beneath the eyes, and a fascia which runs behind them
entirely across the head, of a pale silvery green colour. The man-

G 2

84 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF

cllbles of the male are large, and each has a strong elevated tooth

on the upper side near the base (fig. 1 a, head of the male ; 1 h,

head of the female) ; the pronotum is traversed by three slender

fascige of the same colour as the scutellum, and a fascia next the

base of the elytra is also of the same colour, as well as a number

of spots which are so arranged as to form a successive series of

much interruped angulated strigse, the points of the angles being

directed backwards. All these marks are produced by a fine silky

pubescence ; the remainder of the disc of the elytra being black

and punctured, the sutural edges, and two slender costse on each

rather elevated, and the sides finely clothed with an aeneous

powder. On the under side the body is black, and varied with

silvery green markings, which mostly form angulated fasciae, the

angles being directed towards the head. The pro- and meso-

sternums are large, flat, prominent, and truncated in front, in

both sexes (fig. 1 c, 1 t?). The antennse of the male are longer

than those of the female.

Species II.— LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) PALINII, Hope MS.
(Plate 69, fig. 2, and details.)

li. supra omnino pulverosa nigro, glauco, viiidi fulvoque varia, pronoti macula utrinque et
margine postico, elytris striga obliqu^ ex humeris ad medium fere ducta fasciaquc
media, fulvis.

Long. Corp. liu. 12 — 15.

Habitat apud Sieriam Leonam. In mus. D. Hope, Dr. Savage.

The face is prettily varied with pale green and orange, separated
by black lines. The hind part of the head has a black triangular
spot (extending on each side behind the eyes), and divided into
two parts by a very slender pale line. The pronotum is opaque
dull green, with two short black diverging lines extending from
the front margin to the middle of the disc ; the front margin
on each side is orange-coloured, and near each of the lateral spines
is a large transverse oval patch of the same colour, edged with a
black line ; the hind margin is also fulvous ; the elytra are dull
opake green, with brighter silvery patches, especially beyond the
middle ; from each humeral angle nearly to the middle of the
suture runs an oblique fulvous bar edged with black, and across
the middle is a broad waved bar, also edged with black ; termi-
nating next the suture is a reflexed pale green patch. The body

LONGICORN BEETLES FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA. 85

beneath is fulvous, with the middle of the abdominal segments
black and shining.

The sternums (figs. 2 a, 2 b) although porrected, are not near
so large as in the last-described species.

Species III.— LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) AMCENA. Wcstw. (In Annals of Nat. Hist.

October, 1841.)

(Plate 69, fig. 3, and details.)

L. nigra, opaca, pronoto maculis duabus couoideis, lateribusque ; maculis circiter 10 (magni-
tudine vaiiis), lateribusqiie elytroiuni viridi-lacteis ; duabus in medio elytrorum maxiiuis
alterisque duabus posticis elongatis et valde angustis.

Long. Corp. lin. 11 — 16.

Habitat in Africa tropicali (Gold Coast), D. Raddon. In mus. Melly et nostro.

This very distinct species has the face black, with a silvery green
line running from the inner margin of each eye nearly to the
mouth, where it meets an angulated slender line of the same
colour, extending across the lower part of the face ; there is also
a small spot of the same colour behind, and another beneath each
eye. The entire sides of the prothorax, except the spines, are
cream-coloured ; the two spots on the elytra near the base of the
suture are nearly connected. The thoracic segments beneath are
pale buff, and the abdominal segments black and glossy, with four
pairs of round spots of pale silvery green, and two other oblong
patches of the same colour on the terminal segment. The ster-
nums (figs. 3 a, 3 ^), are less prominent than in either of the
preceding species, although resembling those of L. Palinii in form.

I am indebted to W. Raddon, Esq., for this and other inte-
resting insects from the Gold Coast.

Spkcies IV.— LAMIA (TRAGOCEPHALA) PULCHELLA. JVestw.

(Plate 69, fig. 4, and details.)

L. supra nigra opaca pronoti marginibus antico et postico guttulisque numerosis elytrorum
Isete viridibus, fasciaque media pronoti, basi et medio elytrorum maculisque duabus
apicalibus fulvis.

Long. Corp. lin. 8.

Habitat apud Sienam Leonam. In mus. D. Hope.

This lovely insect in its cylindric form agrees with the other
Tragocephalse of De Jean ; but from all of these it differs in its
colours, which in their contrasts and arrangement resemble those

86 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF LONGICORN BEETLES.

of some of the Sternotomes. The face is green with a slender line
of black down the middle ; the labrum is fulvous ; the upper part of
the head black, with a green margin to the eyes. The antennae
and pronotum jet black, except the basal joint of the former and
the front and hind margins of the latter, which are splendid green ;
across the middle of the pronotum runs an irregular slender
fulvous fascia. The body beneath is splendid green with the sides
of the metasternum fulvous, and a triangular patch in the middle
of the hind margin of each segment, which is^black and glossy. The
mesosternal process is small and scarcely prominent (figs. 4 a, 4 J).

PLATE LXX.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF GRASSHOPPERS FROM
COLOMBIA AND MEXICO.

The insects represented in the accompanying Plate are here
referred to the genus Phaneroptera of Latreille, with the general
structure of which they best agree; they possess, however, such
singular characters in the spinose and fohaceous appendages
with which they are armed, and the antennae in the males of one
of them are so curious, that I presume that they will by some
writers be regarded as proper subjects, requiring the establishment
of distinct sub-genera for their reception.

Species I.— PHANEROPTERA ALIPES. Westw.
(Plate 70, fig. 1 $ and 1 J., and details.)
P. pallide albo-virescens, tegminibus angustis apice intns dilatatis ; niaigine interno nigro
maculato fasciaque obliqua paullo ante apiceni, capite inter oculos mucronato, autenuis,
in mare saltern, fiisciculato-nodosis, femoribus posticis foliis latis subapicalibus instructis.
Long. Corp. lin. 8. Expans. alar, post. $ lin. 32. $ lin. 29.

Habitat in Colombia, Mus. D. Hope, ^ ; et in Mexico. Mus. nostr, $ . Commuaic. D.
Parry, F.L.S., &c.

The eyes are very prominent and globose in this species, and
between them is an acute point, more prominent in the female.
The antennae of the males are very slender, and appear to consist
of portions measuring about two lines each, which are not con-
tinuous as in the other species, the extremity of each portion ter-
minating in a little dilatation which is setose * (fig. 1 a). From
what remains of the antennae of my female specimen, they appear
to have been destitute of these nodosities. The face of the female
is considerably wider than that of the male, which occasions a corre-
sponding dilatation of the lateral margins of the pronotum, which
in this sex have a small lobe or extension over the fore feet, which
does not exist in the male. The pronotum is strongly saddle-
shaped, the lateral angles of the raised part in the female being
more elevated than in the male. The wing-covers are considerably
more elongated in the males than in the females ; in both sexes
they are similarly marked with black spots. The wings are colour-
less, except the small apical portion which extends when at rest
beyond the wing- covers. The sternums are simple. The feet are
most slender and elongated in the males ; they are of the colour
of the body, but fasciated or annulated with black ; the four

* Dr. Burmeister describes a species fiom Baliia, with apparently similar antennje. Ph.
nodicornis (Handb. der Ent. 2, p. 689) ; but the specimen he described (from tlie collection
of his fathti-in-law, uiy excellent correspondent, M. C, Sommcr, Esq., of Altona), was a
female.

f)8 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF GRASSHOPPERS.

anterior femora and tibise, are slightly foliaceous, especially in the
female ; but the hind femora in the males are furnished near the
tips with a large thick black leaflet on the outside, the hind tibise
having two rows of serratures (fig. 1 c), whilst in the female the
femora have two nearly equal-sized leaflets *, and the tibise
are furnished with dilated, dentated portions, which give them a
very curious appearance (fig. 1 d.) The terminal ventral segment
of the male is emarginate at the tip, and the anal appendages elon-
gated, acute, slightly recurved, and furnished within with a strong
tooth (fig. 1 b.) The ovipositor of the female is broad and bent
upwards from the base.

Species II.— PHANEROPTERA HYSTRIX. JVestiv.
(Plate 70, fig. 2.)
P. lutesceus capite spina erecta pionotoque duabus armatis ; tegminibus quasi punctatis, apice
iriieino acuto, viiidi albido nigroque variis, alis baud coloratis nisi in apicibus ; pedibus
posticis spinis acutissiuiis et longis armatis.
Long. Corp. lin. 10. Expaus. alar, posticar. lin. 31.
Habitat in Colombia. In mus. D. Hope.

This extraordinary insect has the tubercle between the eyes
developed into a strong acute compressed spine, which with two
others rising from the pronotum serve to defend the front of the
body ; these horns have a black line extending along them. The
tegmina are varied with pale and darker green with black patches,
the veins being elevated and pale-coloured, giving them the
appearance of being throughout deeply punctured ; the same
appearance is also presented by the exterior apical portion of the
wings ; the anterior femora and tibise have a few short spines, but
the hind feet are armed, both within and without, with long and
acute spines, placed at the distance of about a line apart, which
decrease in length towards the extremity of the tibise ; these feet
.are marked with bars of green and black, and the spines of the
femora (which are curved) are black along their front edge. The
terminal ventral segment is emarginate, and extends beyond the
two anal appendages, which are incurved, pointed, horny, and
bifid (fig. 2 a.)

This fine insect is unique, in the collection of the Rev. F. W.
Hope, F.R.S., &c.

The plant represented in this Plate is the charming Rigidella
flammea of Lindley, from Mexico.

* Dr. Biirmeistcr, op. cit., p. 691, describes another species of Phaneroptera fi-om Rio
Janeiro, witb foliaceous black spines on the hind femora (P. cruenta), also from the collection
of M, C. kSommcr, Esq.

89

PLATE LXXI.

ILLUSTRATIONS OP SOME NEW FULGORID^ FROM COLOMBIA AND

MEXICO.

' 0 FULGORA (EPISCIUS?) AMABILIS, Westw.
(Annals of Nat. Hist., April, 1842.)
(Plate 71, fig. 1.)
P. rostro (thoracis longitudine, supra piano, subconico apice siibtruncato) capite pro- et meso-
notis griseo-fuscis, metanoti et abdominis dorso testaceo macalis nigris ; alis anticis
brunneo-fuscis apice pallidioribus, fusco-nebulosis ; posticis basi fulvis medio fuscis
apice hyalinis.
Long. Corp. lin. 5~. Expans. alar. lin. 10^.
Habitat Mexico. In Mus. Hope et nostr.

This elegant little insect, in its elongated flattened rostrum,
agrees with the Fulgora platyrhina of Germar and my monograph
published in the Linnsean Transactions, vol. xviii., (which the
Marquis Spinola* and M. Serville-j* have separated as a distinct
genus, under the name of Episcius Spinolse). It differs from it, how-
ever, in its rostrum being more elongated, with both the upper and
under surfaces more entire, and especially in the narrow, ordinary
form of the fore wings. The structure of the anal appendages is
also different. These differences are, probably, in this group, of
not higher than specific value; and hence possibly the^Aphana
corticina of Burmeister (a Brazilian insect, measuring nearly 2|
inches in the expanse of the fore wings, quite distinct from the
Dilobura corticina of Spinola, which measures only 22 lines in
expanse), as well as Spinola's species (which M. Serville has named
D. Spinolae), and another closely-allied Brazilian insect in my own
collection,]: ought, probably, to be reduced into one group, distin-
guished by the elongated and flattened rostrum. § This group is
peculiar to the New World, for Homalocephala, the Old World type,
(consisting of African and East Indian species,) the only other group
with a flattened poirected forehead, can scarcely be said to have the

* Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1839, p. 252.

t Hist. Nat. Ins. Heraipt, 1843, p. 494.
" J Dilobura subocellata, AVestw. Albido-lutescens fronte subtus suttricarinato et nigro-
margiuato, capite et tliorace supra rugosis, abdomine nitido segmentis basi utrinque nigro-
maculatis, alis anticis albido-lutescentibus fusco subreticulatis maculisque rotundatis luteis,
versus apicem alaruns magis iudistinclis, alis posticis albis, pedibus supra nigro-maculatis
tibiis posticis extus 6-spinosis, spinis apicalibus baud inclusis.
Long. Corp. lin. 9^. Expans. alar, antic, lin. 30. (unc. 2^).
Habitat in Brasilia interiori. Mus. Westvv.

§ Fulgora planirostris of Donovan (Ins. N. Holl.), which Serville refers to the genus
Honjaloccphala, belongs to the Cicadellidcous, not to the Fulgorideous section of the family.

90 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME NEW FULGORIU^.

rostrum elongated, and it is also distinguished by having the costal
portion of the fore wings not homogeneous, and shorter feet.

*■ ^ LYSTRA COMBUSTA, Westw.
(Plate 71, fig. 2.)

L. capite supra obscure carnoso margiue antico parum elevato ; pronoto obscure virescenti
margine postico tenui fulvescenti, mesothoracis scutello metanotoque et basi abdominis
nigris bis sanguineo maculatis et abdomine sanguineo apice albo floccoso ; pedibus cas-
taneo-rufis obscuris, alarum anticarum dimidio basali rufescenti-fulvo, nigro reticulato
maculis rotundatis concoloribus, pone medium fascia lata valde imdulata et in medio
postice angulato lutea ; spatio apicali relicto nigro venis viridibus strigaque teaui sub-
marginali lutea, alls posticis fulvis basi sanguineis dimidio apicali fuscis.

Long. corp. lin. 10. Expans. alar, anticar. lin 30 (unc. 2^).

Habitat in Colombia. In Mus. Hope.

^ O

^'CLADOPTERYX OBLIQUATA, Westw.

(Plate 71, fig. 3.)

C. luteo-fusca pronoto et abdomine albido irroratis, apice scutelli et metathoracis albidis,
carina mediana abdominis virescenti, alis omnibus hyalinis, anticis fascia abbreviata
triangulari substigmaticali, macula apicali, alterisque tribus versus basin alarum ad
marginem internum fuscis ; tibiis posticis extus 5-dentatis : fronte subtus albido-irroiato
fascia tenui ad basin labri ad latera mesosterni utrinque extensa, albida.

Long. Corp. lin. S^. Expans alar, anticar. lin. 16.

Habitat in Colombia. In Mus. D. Hope.

The name Cladodiptera, proposed by the Marquis Spinola (Ann.
Soc. Ent. de France, 1839, p. 31 6), being grammatically incorrect,
was altered by Serville and Amyot (Hist. Nat. Ins. Hemipt. p.
503), to Cladypha, with the remark that they would have employed
the more correct name of Cladoptera, had it not been already
employed by the former of them for a genus of Orthoptera. Such,
however, is not the case, as there is no such genus of Orthoptera.
I presume that the name Cladoxerus {Serv.) was the one here in-
tended. I have, therefore, retained the name originally proposed,
but altering its termination, in order to distinguish it from the
ordinary names of the orders of insects.

This species differs from the type of the genus CI. macrophthalma
of Spinola, in being larger, that measuring only 11 lines in expanse,
and in the broad continuous sub-stiginatical spot, the apical cloud,
and the position of the spots on the inner margin, towards the base
of the fore wings. That species is a native of Brazil.

The plant represented in the Plate is the Orchidaceous Gale-
andra Baueri, (Batem.) a native of Mexico.

91

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF
NEW BOOKS, &c.

(No. XVIII.)
On the Larv^ of Insects which construct a common envelope,

WITHIN which they UNDERGO THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOCIETY. At

the meeting of the Linnsean Society, on the 6th February, 1844, a
paper was read by J. Curtis, Esq., F.L.S., containing the descrip-
tions of the nests of two species of Brazilian Hymenoptera. One
of these insects belonged to the family Tenthredinidse, and to one
of the divisions of the genus Hylotoma, having furcate antennae in
the males like Schizocerus, and which Mr. Curtis considered neces-
sary to separate from the rest under the name of Deiloceras. The
sexes in this species varied greatly from each other in colour, but
the chief interest of the communication consisted in the description
of the nest formed by the larvse previous to their assuming the
pupa state, and to the close juxtaposition of the hard cocoons
which, in a section of the nest, had very much the appearance of a
piece of honeycomb. The outer covering of the mass of cocoons
was composed of a thick tissue of threads, spun close together,
having very nearly the appearance of the large coverings of the
eggs of the Mantidse.

This instinct of larvse congregating together, and spinning a
thick general covering previous to assuming the pupa state and
forming their cocoons, is of very rare occurrence ; and hitherto
no instance has occurred in which the cocoons were so systemati-
cally arranged side by side, so as, when cut through, to afford the
appearance of hexagonal cells. In the family to which the species
described by Mr. Curtis belongs, are found some of the species of
the genus Lophyrus social in the larva state, living under a common
web, which they quit, however, previous to becoming pupse. The
Nematus of the gooseberry, however, undergoes its transformations
in society, the end of the cocoon of one specimen being attached
to another ; * and Messrs. Kirby and Spence mention a still more
analogous circumstance occurring in the same family, f Some of
the little parasitic Ichneumonidse, belonging to the genus Micro-
gaster, construct their cocoons in close contact together, so as in

* Mod. Classif. of Ins. II., p. 104. t InUoi. I., p. 405, 6th Edit.

92 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

fact to resemble the cells in a miniature bee-hive.* In other
orders I am only aware of this social instinct in the following
instances. Reaumur states of the caterpillars of the processionary
Moths, which reside in large common tents or nests, " Cest dans
leur nid que ces chenilles doivent perdre leur forme et devenir
chrysalides ;" and that those of the destructive Yponomeuta Evony-
roella, which reside in a similar web, construct their cocoons "a
un des bouts de leur dernier nid." In the first part of the Trans-
actions of the Entomological Society, I published an account of a
gregarious species of Butterfly from Mexico, in which the chrysa-
lides are arranged within the nest formed by the caterpillars, and
which very nearly resembles that of some wasps ; and in my memoir
upon the Pomegranate Butterfly of the East Indies, also published
in the same Transactions, I described the social peculiarities of that
insect, the chrysalides -of which are placed in society within the
fruit, previous to arriving at which state the caterpillars must have
made their way to the outside of the fruit, and spun the web
(probably in common) which supports the fruit to the stem and
prevents its falling, and then returned into the fruit. But a much
more analogous instance of this socialism was described by me in
the ninth volume of the " Magazine of Natural History,"" in which a
mass of the cocoons of the Ilithyia sociella (between two and three
hundred in number, if not indeed considerably more) was found in
the hollow stump of an acacia-tree. The mass measured about
5 inches in length and 24- inches in diameter, the outer covering
consisting of a thin layer of floss-silk. I have also seen a nearly
similar compact congregation of the cocoons of the honey-moth,
Galleria cereana, which feeds in the hive of the honey-bee.

The other insect described by Mr. Curtis was a Brazilian wasp,
which forms a long truncated conical nest, similar to those figured
by Reaumur, but having the outside of the nest coated with a fine
earth or sand. Hitherto those wasps which construct their nests
of sand have been found to be only solitary in their habits, not
forming regular combs ; all the social species which build combs
on the contrary being card-makers. Unfortunately Mr. Curtis
had not cut his nest open, so that it is impossible to determine the
condition of the interior. Such a difference of habits must, how-
ever, most probably involve a difference of structure in the man-

* Reaumur Menj., torn. ii. pi. xxxv. figs. 7 and 8 ; Mod. Class, of Ins. ii. p. 149, fig.
Ixxvi. 17.

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 93

dibles, maxillae, and labium, of which, however, Mr. Curtis gave no
account. He also added a summary of the genera of wasps, with
which he was acquainted ; but all those described by St. Fargeau,
in the " Histoire Naturelle des Ins. Hym." were unnoticed.

Wings of Insects. — " The isolated study of the more important
and typical organs of animated beings, though not to be recom-
mended, if regarded only in an organographical point of view, is
of no small importance when made the means of illustrating the
general principles of natural history, or its more philosophical
inquiries, which can be alluded to but briefly in articles on tribes,
genera, and species. In this way a value may be given to the driest
technicalities of the science, which, when philosophically understood,
render the strictest descriptive diagnosis suggestive of important and
interesting views. Such a subject is that of the wings of insects.

" The air is the appointed habitation of the insect tribes, and
flight their chief means of motion. The mechanism by which it
is effected is not, as in birds, dependent on the modification of
certain of the extremities, but on a transformation of the machinery
of that organism which has most relation with the air itself— the
respiratory system. The wings are metamorphosed gills. The
branchije of the Nereids are their prototypes. These again are
processes of the integument. The tegumentary system is charac-
teristic of articulate animals. Among their highest genera it
becomes their skeleton — an exo-skeletoU' — which contrasts with the
endo-skeleton of the vertebrata. The former is the skeleton of
the respiratory system ; the latter of the nervous system. The
former in its most perfect form appertains to creatures which pre-
sent the highest development of intelligence ; whilst the latter
perfects itself in motion and the accompanying instincts. Accord-
ing to the relation of their organization to one or the other of these
points, animals are arranged in two parallel series, which in them-
selves are not simple, but again subdivided into similar and repre-
sentative groups. The two great series themselves may be regarded
as representing the two kingdoms of organised nature — the animal
and vegetative spheres, as they have been designated ; in the former
of which the forms of beings are mainly determined by the influence
of their organs of sensation and intelligence ; in the latter, by those
of respiration and reproduction. If such analogy be true, we should
see evidences of its truth on a comparison of the characteristic

94 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

structure in analogous groups. Such evidence we perceive on
comparing the characteristic organs of the members of the
vegetable kingdom with those of the members of the vegetative
(or articulate) sphere in the animal kingdom, of the leaf with
the wing. There is no finer illustration of the relation of analogy
in natural history, than that between the leaf of a plant and
the wing of an insect. In both we have a double sheet of cells
held together and strengthened by a frame-work of vessels, the
structures of the respiratory system and the processes of the
dermato-skeleton supplying the materials in each. Hence, Oken
has well applied to the wings of insects the name of aerial gills." —
Penny CyclopcBdia.

MoNOGRAPHiE DES E'rotyliens, Famille de I'Ordre des Coleopteres. Par M. Th.
Lacordaire. Paris, 1842. 8vo, pp. 543.

This is another of the excellent monographs with which the
science of Entomology has lately been enriched by the labours of
Continental entomologists. A monograph, illustrated with figures
(of which, unfortunately, the present work is entirely deficient),
upon this group, was published by M. Duponchel, in 1825, in which
92 species were described. M. Lacordaire, in his monograph,
describes 570. In an Introduction of 32 pages, the author has
given a general account of the characters, habits, affinities, &c., of
the group ; admitting that the tarsi are pentamerous, or rather
pseudotetramerous, the fourth joint being " tres-petit nodiforme
chez la plupart" (by which character Encaustes, Episcapha, Triplax,
and Tritoma, are united to the family) ; and describing the max-
illary palpi as having the last joint " triangulaire, ou en segment de
cercle, ou fortement transversal, rarement ovo'ide et tronque a son
extremite" (as in Triplatoma, Dacne). The inner maxillary lobe,
in at least half the species, is simple; in a few, it is 1-spinose
(Encaustes) ; and in others, bispinose ; the teeth long and acute,
as in Erotylus and Aulacocheilus, or very short and obtuse
(^githus).

The variations which exist in the lower part of the mouth are
very carefully described. The antennae either consist of a com-
pressed club, suddenly formed, of three joints, or of four joints,
gradually dilated. The wings are described as agreeing throughout
the group, the difference between those of Encaustes, Triplatoma,
Dacne, and Erotylus, being insignificant. The Chrysomelidse have

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE. 95

wings of a different type, so that the Erotyhdse cannot be associated
with them. Of the habits and metamorphosis of these insects, but
little is known. The larva of jEgithus Surinamensis, described by
M. Lacordaire, and that of Triplax russica, figured by me,* being
the only species hitherto noticed in their early states. The perfect
insects reside in boleti, where they undergo their transformations ;
and, although sometimes found on the trunks of trees, they are
never met with beneath the bark.

The geographical distribution of these insects is peculiar. Of
the 570 species, only 65 are natives of the Old World ; 505
inhabiting the New^ World. Can it be doubted, that the immense
forests of South America, teeming, as they must do, with the
vegetable productions which are the natural element of these
insects, are the primary cause of this vast difference i Only three
of these insects are, in fact, found in Asia ; 28 inhabit Java ; and
only two have been received from New Holland (both belonging to
the genus Episcapha). Sixteen species have occurred in Africa,
and thirteen in Europe. The New World species are thus distri-
buted : — Brazil, 150 species ; Guiana, 130 ; Bolivia, 37; Columbia,
128; Mexico, 34; the United States, 15; the Antilles, 7.

After detailing the reasons which have led the author to unite
Erotylus with insects heretofore placed with Engis, he reviews the
recent arrangements which have been proposed, especially in this
country, for a breaking up of the Latreillian group of Xylophaga,
and the proposal of the section Rypophaga ; and concludes that
the Eroty liens ought to be " tout-a-fait separees des Chrysomeliens
avec qui elle n'a que des analogies tres eloignees, et que sa place est
dans la section des Rypophaga de MM. Stephens et Westwood"-f-
(probably next Engis or Scaphidium).

The family is divided into two tribes — First, the Engidiformes,
consisting of 14 genera, including Triplatoma, Dacne, Triplax, Tri-
toma, &c. ; and secondly, the Genuini, also consisting of 14 genera.
All these, with their species, are then carefully described ; and at
the end of the volume is a " Concordance Synonymique,"" in which
each of the species described by the chief previous writers on the
group is given, with the name and reference by which it is described
in the present monograph. This is a very useful addition : it is

* Introduct. to Mod. Class, of Insects, t. 1. p. 393, fig. 49 — 6.

i- In my Modern Classificatiou of Insects, I suggested that "the Erotylidae ought perhaps to
be regarded as more strictly Necrophagous ; in which case, the Endomychidas would, I appre-
hend, be equ;illy liable to removal " (Vol. i., p. 391).

96 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

not, however, entirely new, as the author suggests in the Preface ;
having been adopted by Ser^^ille, in his volumes of the Suites a
Buffon.

Upon the Anatomy of Phalangicm Opilio Latr. By Alfred Tulk, M.R.C.S., &c.
(From the "Annals of Natural History.") London, 1843. pp.38. With 3 Plates.

The attention bestowed by many of the more recent writers on
Entomology, upon the hitherto neglected tribes of the Linnaean Ap-
tera, is a circumstance of much interest, the different orders of that
class having been at length acknowledged to afford the most valuable
assistance in determining the natural classification of the Annulose
Subkingdom. It is, therefore, with pleasure that I announce the
memoir, of which the title is given at the head of this notice, in
which Mr. Tulk has investigated the anatomy, both external and
internal, of a very curious group of Arachnidous animals ; with
which, notwithstanding the extreme abundance of some of the
species, our knowledge hitherto has been very superficial. The
genus Phalangiura, indeed, in their tracheal mode of respiration,
subarticulated bodies, and exposed didactyle cheliceras, constitute
one of the primary types of the great class Arachnida, being in
these respects intimately allied to the two other equally anomalous
groups, Chelifer and Solpuga ; * neither of which have hitherto been
satisfactorily investigated. Of the great care bestowed upon this
memoir, I am able to speak from personal knowledge, although I
am not sufiiciently acquainted with the minute details of the
internal anatomy of these tribes to offer an opinion on some of the
results at which the author has arrived. I trust that he will not
consider the subject as exhausted, especially as he has not given any
account of the early states of these insects.

* These three types constitute the order which I have termed Adelarthrosomata. — Ent.
Text Book, pp. 131, 145.

97

PLATE LXXII.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW ASSAMESE SPECIES OF PAPILIO, RECEIVED
FROM MAJOR JENKINS.

The two interesting additions to the genus Papilio represented
in the annexed Plate, form part of a collection of insects with which
I have been ftivoured by Major Jenkins, and to whom I beg leave
to present the best thanks; both of my subscribers and myself,
feeling convinced that they will consider that every addition made
to our knowledge of the beautiful productions of our distant territo-
ries by the zeal of gentlemen resident in such districts, is a subject
of congratulation.

PAPILIO CHAON, IVestw. Plate 72, fig. 1 & 1*.

P. alis pof ticis caudatis ; omnibus supra nigrisposticis plaga magna irregulari 4-partita lactea, anti-
cis subtns ad apicem fuscescentibus, posticis plaga 4-partita alba (ut in pagina supera) oiacu-
lisque tribus minoribus ad marginem analeni extensis, lunulisque eubinarginalibus luteis
incisiirisqiie albis.

Expans. alar, antic, circ. unc. 5. Habitat in Assam. D. Jenkins. In Mus. nostr.

This species is very nearly allied to P. Helenus % but differs not
only in the form of the pale patch on the disc of the hind wings,
but also in the markings of the underside of the same wings. The
upper surface of the wings is entirely black, a slightly brown
appearance being produced by a few luteous scales arranged in
rows in the discoidal cell, and beyond the middle of the fore
wings. The hind ones have a large cream-white patch on the disc
towards the outer angle, formed of four confluent spots (the outer
one generally hidden by the hind margin of the fore wings) ; the
one nearest the body being oval, the next oblong with the extremity
obliquely emarginate, as it is also in the third spot, which is much
smaller than the second, and the fourth is still smaller. The fore
wings on the under side have a brown appearance, produced by a
greater quantity of the luteous scales ; the incisures are slightly
marked with white ; the hind wings on this side are similarly
marked with four white spots as above, but in addition to these,
there extend three pale luteous lunules towards the anal margin ;
and there is also a narrow row of the same coloured lunules parallel
with the white incisions, which are here more distinct than above.

' It is accordingly named after hi8 unfortunate brother, Chaon.
NO. XIX. l<ii MAY, 1344. H

98 DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW ASSAMESE SPECIES OF PAPILTO.

PAPILIO MEGARUS, fVestw. Plate 72, fig. 2.

P. alis rotundatis, posticis ecaudatis, fusco.nigris ; albido-strigatis et maculatis lunulisque
submarginalibus in alis posticis, alis subtus griseo-fuscis, eodem modo strigatis et maculatis.
Expans. alar, antic, unc. Sj. Habitat in Assam. D. Jenkins. lu Mus. nostr.

This insect has so little the appearance of a true Papilio, as to
cause it to be easily mistaken for one of the Danaides. The
arrangement of the wing- veins, however, proves that this is only a
relation of analogy, of which several other species also furnish us
with examples ; especially the Papilio paradoxus, which is a true
species of this genus. The present species is most nearly allied to
P. Macareus, of the Encyclop. Method. (P. striatus. Z. Somm.)
The upper surface of the wings is blackish-brown, the basal portions
of the wings striated, and the apical portion maculated with whitish
marks, the latter forming two rows parallel with the apical margin
of the fore wings and the hind wings with a submarginal row of
lunules, and without pale incisions ; the hind wings are much more
maculated beyond the middle than in P. Macareus. The under
side is similar to the upper in markings, except that the marks in
the discoidal cell of the fore wings are much fainter, and the ground
colour of all the wings is a golden greyish brown.

The beautiful plant represented in the Plate is the Orchidaceous
Arundina densa of Lindley, from Sincapore.

THE FIRST BUTTERFLY.
One of the superstitions prevailing in Devonshire is, that any individual neglecting to kill
the first butterfly he may see for the season, ■will have ill-luck throughout the year. The
following recent example is given by a young lady : — " The other Sunday, as we were walking
to church, we met a man running at full speed, with his hat in one hand, and a stick in the
other. As he passed us, he exclaimed, ' I sha'n't hat 'em now, I b'lieve.' He did not
give us time to inquire what he was so eagerly pursuing ; but we presently overtook an old
man, whom we knew to be his father, and who being very infirm, at upwards of seventy,
generally hobbled about by the aid of two sticks. Addressing me, he observed, ' My zin a
took away wan a' my sticks, miss, wan't be ebble to kill 'n now though, I believe.' ♦ Kill
what ?' said I. ' Why, 'tis a butterfly, miss, the furst hee'th a zeed for the year ; and they
zay that a body will have cruel bad luck if a ditn' 'en kill a fursi a zeeth.' " — Dorset
Chronicle.

99

PLATE LXXIII.

ON TWO SPECIES OF INCA FROM TROPICAL AMERICA.

The Goliathideous Cetoniidce being (with a single anomalous
exception) natives of Africa and India, we may, perhaps, be
justified in regarding the species of Inca which are natives of
tropical America* as their natural geographical representatives,
although they do not belong to the same portion of the family.
In respect to their maxillae, indeed, they form a decided group,
having an elongated, cylindrical, toothless galea and simple mando ;
thus differing from the Trichiides, which have an obtuse coriaceous
galea, and from the Euchiridse of Burmeister, which have a den-
tated galea. This author has very carefully illustrated the struc-
ture of the trophi in Germar's excellent ' Zeitschrift fur die
Entomologie' (ii. tab. 2, f. 5 — 8, 18).

INCA SOMMERI, Westw.

Plate 73, fig. 1 ^,3 $.

I. chalyboeo-niger, supra opacus, pronoto albido vittato et limbato, elj'tris obscure rufis, albido

irroiatis ; cornubus capitis $ oblique porrecto, apicibus latis oblique truncatis.
Habitat in Mexico — Villa alta prope Oaxaca.
An varietas geographica I. Weberi ?
Long. Corp. $ (cornub. capitis inclus.) ; unc. 2 ; $ unc, 1|. In Mus. D. Sommer.

The two insects represented in Nos. 1 and 3 have been very
obligingly forwarded to me by M. C. Sommer, Esq., of Altona (the
father-in-law of Professor Burmeister), with the view of their
being figured in this work, if considered distinct from the Cetonia
Inca of Weber (Inca Weberi Encycl. Meth., and Burm., I. Fabricii
Perty.) The principal difference between the male of the last-
named insect and that sent by Mr. Sommer, consists in the form
of the horns of the head ; and as I have found a second specimen,
agreeing with Mr. Sommer's, in the British Museum Collection
(arranged with I. Weberi), I have thought it most advisable to
give it as distinct from that species, especially as its geographical
station is widely different from that of I. Weberi, and as the
distinctions between the other species of the genus is but slight.

The head and thorax of the male, on the upper side, are
obscure blue-black. The former has two prismatical horns,

" The curious occurrence of a species of this group in Africa must not be overlooked.
See Arc. Ent. 1, pi. 46, f. 6.

H 2

100

obliquely truncate at the tip, the upper ridge running off to the
fore angle. (Fig. 1 b represents the head of the male, seen from
beneath ; 1 b the same seen sideways ; 1 c one of the horns, seen
within, to show the thick brush of fulvous hairs.*) The antennae,
except the basal joint, are dark fulvous ; the prothorax is similar
to I. Weberi. The elytra of the male are very dark purplish-brown,
with the scutellum and suture greenish, and they are slightly
irrorated, especially towards the suture, with luteous scales. The
underside of the body is shining seneous, with short fulvous pile
upon the hind edge of the thighs, and down the middle of the
abdomen. The middle tibiae are curved, and slightly bidentate in
the middle, and the hind tibiae have a single tooth near the middle.
The female is darker- coloured than the male, and has the clypeus
slightly concave ; or rather, the lateral and front edges are ele-
vated : the elytra are much more thickly irrorated with luteous
scales. The middle tibiae are straight and bidentate in the
middle, and the hind tibiae have a single tooth in the middle.f
The teeth in the anterior tibiae are not so acute as in the female
of I. Weberi.

Note. Perty's figure represents the male of I. Weberi with the
horns of the head emarginate at the tip. The figure of the male
in Gory and Percheron's Mon. Get., pi. 13, f. 1, is unlike any
specimen I have yet seen in the form of the horns.

INC A BESKII. Plate 73, fig. 4 ^,5 $.

" I. fusco-niger, subtus senescens fulvo-hirtus supra fulvo guttatus ; elytris atro-purpureis ;
fascia media obsoleta notatis."

Syn. /. Beskii, Dejean ; Burmeister.

Habitat " Novo Friborgo ;" Brasiliae inter. In Mus. D. Sommer, &c.

No figure of this species having hitherto been published, I am
happy to be able to give a representation of both the sexes, by
the kindness of Mr. Sommer. There is a specimen, agreeing with
the male in the British Museum Collection, with the MS. name
biguttata attached to it.

The plant represented in the Plate is the splendid Orchidaceous
Maxillaria cruenta of Lindley, from Guatemala.

* Fig. 2 a represents the head of the male of I. Weberi, seen from beneath ; 2 b one of
the horns of the head, seen from above ; 2 c the head, seen from the side ; and 2 d one of
the horns seen within.

f The hind tibiae in the female (in the British Museum Collection) have two acute teeth
in the middle.

101

PLATES LXXIV and LXXV.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OP AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS

INSECTS.

The recent monographs of Dr. Klug and M. Guerin-Meneville
upon the Genus Thynnus of Fabricius, and the different results at
which these distinguished Hymenopterologists have arrived respect-
ing the generic arrangement of these insects, render the observation
of every fact, tending to determine the question at issue, absolutely
necessary ; and no one circumstance has hitherto been shown to be
more important than the exact discrimination of the sexes of the
different species, since by this means not only are we prevented
from forming separate genera for the reception of the two sexes of
the same species, but we are thereby enabled to trace the value of
the modifications of structure which may have been already, or
which ought hereafter to be adopted as the characteristics of the
several groups into which these insects have been or are divided.

As a group, these insects possegs an interesting geographical dis-
tribution, being only found in Australasia and South America.
The species from the latter country are rare in our English cabinets,
whilst Dr. Klug describes not fewer than 40 species ; whereas our
cabinets are very rich in the New Holland species, which are equally
rare in the continental collections.

By the kindness of several friends I am enabled to give represen-
tations of both the sexes of five Australian species.

In order, however, to enable such of my subscribers as do not
possess the " Voyage de la Coquille," (in the Zoological portion of
which M. Guerin published his chief memoir on these insects) to
enter more effectually upon the consideration of the question of the
generic distribution of these insects, I here copy from that work
such portion of the tabular synopsis of the genera of the Hymenop-
tera Heterogyna, as relates to the insects in question.

1. Abdomen des males cylindiique, termini infe'rieurement par une grande epine rccourbe'e

en haut. . . . (Genera Methoca, Mjzine et) Rhagigaster, Guer.

2. Abdomen des males aplati, n'ayant point a I'extremit^ d'^pine recourbee vers le haut.
a Mandibules tridentees.

* Les deux nervures re'currentes aboutissant aux 2me et 3me cellules cubitales.

G. Telephoromyia, Guer.
** Les deux nervures recurrentes aboutissant a la seconde
cellule cubitale. . . G. Tachypterus, Guer.

102 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF

b Mandibules bident^es, chaperon tr^s-avanc^ entre les mandibules.
* Labre decouvert et saillant.

t Labre bilob^ . . G. Agriomyia, Guer.

fi" Labre arrondi.

0 Machoires non cilices h, lour base. G. Thynnus, F,

00 Machoires tres-ciliees k leur base. G. Thynnoides, Guer.
"• Labre recouvert par le chaperon.

f Premier cellule cubitale sans appendice. G. Anthobosca, Guer.

ft Premier cellule cubitale ayant un appendice. G. Elaphroptera, Gu^r.*

Rhagigaster, Guer., composed of a single species from Port Jackson. Rh. unicolor.

Telephoromyia, Guer., composed of a Patagonian species.

Tachypterus, Guer., consists of a single species, T. fasciatus, from Kangaroo Island, on the
coast of New Holland. The genus is evidently identical with Psamatha (See ante, p. 20),
which name must accordingly sink into a synonyme. Tachypterus chalybseus (^ante, pi.
54, fig. 5), forms a second species in the genus.

Agriomyia, Guer., consists of a single species, A. maculata, from New Holland.

Thynnus, Fabricius. M. Guerin describes or notices 18 species of this Australian group.
1. T. dentatus, Fab. 2. T. zonatus, Guer., n. sp, 3. T. variabilis, Kirby. 4. T. affinis,
Gu^r. n. sp. 5. T. obscuripennis, Guer. n. sp. 6. T. rufiventris, Guer. n. sp. 7. T.
annulatus. K. 8. T. Australis, Bdv. Voy. Astrol. 9. T. flaviventris, Guer. n. sp.
10. T. emarginatus, Fab. 11, T. abdominalis, Fab. t 12. T. integer, Fab. if
13. Scolia 7-cincta, Fab. ?? 14. Tiphiaradula, Fab. ? ? 15. Myrmecodes flavo-gutta-
tus. Latr. (g of T. variabilis?) 16. T. apterus. $ Enc. Meth. 17. T. pedestris,
Fab. ? 18. T. Grayii, Guer., (Myrmecodes australis. Leach, Gray, Griff. An. K.)

Thynnoides, Guer. — Three new species, T. fulvipes, Guer. ; T. rubripes, Guer. ; and
T. pugionatus, all from Australasia.

Diamma, Westw., (see ante, pi. 54, fig. 6.) In addition to D. bicolor, the true type of
the genus, M. Guerin describes a second species, D. ephippiger, from Kangaroo Island,
but it is not congenerous with the former, being in fact a female of the genus Rhagi-
gaster. He also suggests that B. apterus, Fab., also belongs to the genus.

Anthobosca, Guer. — A single species from Port Jackson. {Myzene Australasice,
Guer. Atlas, pi. 8, fig. 10.)

Anodontyra, Westw. — A single species from Chili.

Or/iepetes Guer. — Also a single species from Chili.

Elaphroptera, Guer. — Composed of South American species.

Ammodromus, Gue'r. — Composed of the female of South American species.

In the " Magasin de Zoologie " for 1842, M. Guerin has made
numerous additions to our knowledge, both of the species and
structural characters of these insects, adding the following new
species : —

Rhagigaster heemorrhoidalis (Swan River.)
Agriomyia marginilabris, aflSnis, Westwoodii, abdominalis, and Spinolae, all from Australasia.

" Nous n'avons pas fait entrer dans ce tableau les deux genres provisoires, Diamma et
Ammodromus ; ils se composent de femelles qui entreront probablement dans les genres dejk
connus, quand on les aura mieux observees, et qu'on aura surpris leur accouplement."

t This species belongs to the family of the bees, and is allied to Crocisa.

X The cylindric abdomen with a recurved apical spine, unites this species with the genus
Rhagigaster of Gutr.

AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 103

Thynnus Shuckardi, and flavilabris, from New Holland.
Thynnoides nigripes, from Swan River.

He likewise adds the descriptions of two new Australian genera.

Catocheilus, Guer., allied to Thynnus and Agriomyia, but having a membranaceous con-
cealed labrum, and the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi very minute, and the
maxilla" much ciliated within. C Klugii, Guer., $ J . (Swan River.)

Lophocheilus, Guer. — Allied to Thynnoides, but having the labrum truncated and villose
in front, slightly prominent and cmarginate, the maxillse slightly hairy, short ; lower lip
short, with the paraglossae folded back. 3 Species : L. villosus, L. distinctus, and L. ?
collaris, — all from New Holland.

Such, with the addition of the genera —

Psamatha Shuckard, mentioned above,

Oncorhintts, Shk., in Gray's Australia Append., Vol, ii., founded upon a fine species from
Swan River, and

Amblysoma, Westw. in Guer. Mag. de Zool., founded upon a Brazilian species, and the
figure of AnodotjTa tricolor, W. published in the same work, constitute the whole of
the generic groups hitherto proposed in the sub-family.

Dr. Klug, rejecting all these generic names, in his Mono-
graph on the genus, recently published in the " Transactions of the
Berlin Academy," and uniting the whole under the generic name of
Thynnus, has divided the Australian species into three sections,

A. Th. dentatus, &c.

B. (Agriomyia, Gu^r.)

C. (Rhagigaster, Thynnoides, and Anthobosca, Guer. ) ;

describing two new Australian species of the section B. (T. varie-
gatus and pulchellus), and also two new species of the section C.
(T. obscurus, and labiatus, Kl.)

At present it is premature to decide upon the propriety of the
rejecting of all these generic groups, although I cannot but think
that some of them rest upon characters which will be found to be
of too trivial an importance, especially when the general and
greatly variable habit of the species is considered ; the apparent
differences in the formations of the divisions of the lower lip is
certainly not to be depended upon in our dried specimens, since in
some individuals of a species they are retracted, in others porrected.*

The dissections which I now, however, offer to the student,
in connection with those in the 54th plate, enables us to estimate
the value of one of M. Guerin's genera, namely Rhagigaster, whilst
at the same time it will serve to show that the females of the
Myzine, when discovered, will almost certainly be apterous ; the

* Compare pi. 74, fig. 3d. 3g. 3h. 3i.

104 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF

female of Rhagigaster differing from those of all the four other
species now represented by possessing ordinary-shaped 6-jointed
maxillary palpi, like Diamma and Methoca ; from the first of
which it is at once distinguished by its depressed (not compressed)
form, and by its nearly simple (not multidentate) mandibles. Not-
withstanding these very evident distinctions, M. Guerin has
described a female of Rhagigaster as a second species of Diamma,
as above noticed, and has further increased the confusion by
asserting that D. bicolor is the female of Rhagigaster ; whereas,
there is great reason for considering that it is the female of
Tachypterus (Psamatha, Shk.), which has the mandibles more
toothed than in the majority of the family, although the female
possesses one more tooth than the male, which is not the case in
the other species, of which the sexes have been determined : indeed
the contrary occurs in the majority.

The discovery of the female of Myzine will moreover determine
whether the small rudimental vein inclosed within the first sub-
marginal cell of Rhagigaster (which is the only character by which
it is distinguished from Myzine S), does not indicate a much more
marked difference in the opposite sex than might at first be
supposed to be the case, or whether it is sufficient to bind it, as it
now does, to the other Thynnideous insects.

The following are the characters of the genus Rhagigaster, as
modified and extended by the examination of several species, and
by the discovery of the female sex, together also with a synopsis
of the species which belong to it.

RHAGIGASTER, GUERIN.

^ Abdomen elongatum apice spina recurva armatum, segmento primo 6ubtus tuberculo conico
iustructo ; segmentis 2ndo et reliquis ad * basin constrictione eubarticulifortui instructis.

Frons inter partem superiorem oculorum subcarinatus.

Mandibulae intus veisus apicem dente armatas.

A\x anticse cellulis 4submarginalibus, prima appendiculata.

Palpi omnes formre ordinarise.

Clypeus antice fere recte truncatiis.

Labrum margine antico vix emarginato clypeo fere abscondito.

J Caput magnum subquadratum planum impressione longitudinali utrinque pone occulos.
Mandibulae et palpi mari conformes. Thorax 3-annulatus, apterus.
Abdomen elongatum depressum segmentis ad basin linea tenui transversa impressis.

* M. Gue'rin erroneously describes the abdominal segments as having ' en arriere, ainsi
que le premier uue impression transverse.' The lateral examination of the abdomen at once
shows that the first segment is not constricted, and that it is the base and not the extremity
of the other segments which is thus circumstanced.

AUSTRALIAN THYNN1DE0U3 INSECTS. 105

Species I. — Rhagigaster unicolor, Gueriu. Voy. Coq. Ins. p. 214.

Niger punctatus pilis albidis indutus, alis anticis hyalinis apice subinfuscatis ; mandibulis
simplicibus apiccm versus 1-dentatis, abdominis apice utrinque dente parvo alteroque
medio recurvo armato. Long. corp. 19 mill. Expans alar. 30 mill. Habitat, Port
Jackson. Terra Van Diem. Mus. nostr. communic. D. Jos. Hooker.

Species II. — Rhagigaster ephippiger.

Syn. — Diamma ephippiger, Gueiin. Voy. de 1' Astrolabe, p. 235. Mag. Zool., 1842,
pi. 103, fig. 1—6.
$ Niger nitidus antennis, mandibularum apicibus, mesothorace metathorace et pedibus rufis
anoque fulvo.
Long. Corp. 13 mill.

Habitat. " Kanguroo " insul. In Mus. Reg. Paris.
Obs. — Hsec est ^. Rh. unicoloris, teste D. Shuckard.

Species III. — Rhagigaster mandibularis, Westw. (Plate 74, fig. 1, ^, fig. 2, %.)

^ Niger punctatus pilis griseis parum indutus, alis anticis hyalinis fusco tinctis, mandi-
bulis supra in medio tuberculo conico amiatis, abdominis apice spina unica recurva armato.
Long. corp. lin. 85. Expaus. alar. lin. 12^.
Obs, — Carina frontalis fere indistincta. Spatium constrictum ad basin segmentorum
abdominalium subtilissime punctatissimum.

$ Niger nitidus, capite maculis duabus frontalibus fulvis, mesothorace metathorace coxisque
omnibus ferrugineis, pedibus antennisque uigris. Long. corp. lin. 5^.
Habitat, Port Philip, In Mus. Saunders et Nostr.

Species IV. — Rhagigaster Morio, Westw. Niger nitidus, punctatus ; capite tuberculo
transverse supra basin antennarum valde, alteroque supero minus prominenti, mandibulis
simplicibus intus apicem versus dente armatis, metathorace supra transverse carinato
angulis posticis quadratis, abdominis apice spina unica armato ; pedibus rufis, alis
nigricantibus. ^.

Long. corp. lin. 9^. Expans. alar. lin. 14.
Habitat, in Australasia. In Mus. Brit, et Nostr.

Species V. — Rhagigaster hcBmorrhoidalis, Gue'rin. Mag. de Zool. 1842, p. 2.* Niger
rugosus, griseo pilosus, segmentis duobus apicalibus abdominis fulvis spina anali recurva
nigra $.

Long. corp. 15 mill.
Habitat, Swan River. In Mus. Guerin.

Species VI. — Rhagigaster integer.

Syn. — Thjniius integer, Fabricius. Ent. Syst. 2, 245, Kirby, Mon. Ap. Ang. 1, p. 223.
Donovan. Ins. N. Holl.

Ater, abdominis segmentis margine villoso cinereis, capitis fronte cinereo pubescente
scutello truncate obtuso, ano integro aculeo brevi recurvo. $ .
Habitat, in Nov. Holl. In Mus. Banks. (Soc. Linn. Lond.)

Species VII. — Rhagigaster binotatus, Westw.

$ Niger nitidus, parum punctatus, capite maculis duabus frontalibus fulvis pone insertio-
nem antennarum.
Long. corp. lin. 5|.

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii. In Mus. Nostr. communic. D. Hooker. Statura
Rh. mandibularis, $, cui valde afEnis coloribus tamen distincta.

• I possess two specimens agreeing with Gue'rin's description as to colour, but only measur-
ing 5 lines long (instead of 15 mill.), and having no tooth in the basal segment to the abdomen
beneath, no carina between the upper part of the eyes, but having five teeth at the extremity
of the abdomen, the middle one not being recurved at all. I therefore do not consider this
insect (which 1 name Thynnns decipiens), as belonging to the genus Rhagigaster.

106 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF

Species VIII. — Rhagigaster analis, Westw.

J Niger nitidus, parum punctatus mandibulis antennisque piceis pedibuB segmentoque
apicali abdominis fulvis ; capite pone iDsertionem antennarum linea transversa in medio
iuterrupta fulva.
Long. Corp. lin. 4|^.

Habitat, apud " King George's Sound." In Mus. Nostr.
Obs. — Mandibulae dente interne latiori at magis oblique-truncato nee acuto. Caput
minus quadratum, abdomen ad basin pauUo angustius longius, segmento ultimo oblongo-ovato.

Species ? IX. — Bethylus apterus, Fabricius. Syst. Piez., 238.

$ B. apterus niger pedibus rufis abdomine piloso nigro segmentorum marginibus ferrugi-
neis nitidulis.
Habitat in Nova Cambria. D. Billardiere.

Obs. — My notes made upon the Fabrician collection at Kiel, in which the typical specimen
is preserved, state that this insect is a Myrmecodes. Its colours seem to indicate it as a female
of this group.

Species? X. — Mj/zine ruficornis, Guetin. Prodrome d'une Monogr. des Myzines, p. 11,
(Ext. Diet. Pittoresq. d'Hist. Nat. t. v.)

$ " Tete noire avec le chaperon et les antennes fauves, thorax noir, ponctue avec le pro-
thorax, trois taches sur le mesothorax et deux grandes taches de chaque cote orange'es.
Ailes incolores, pattes orangees, abdomen orange, avec la base des segments noire."
Long. 12 mill.
Habitat, in Arabia !

Obs. — Cellula Ima. submarginalis appendiculata.

THYNNUS HYALINATUS, Westw.
(Plate 74, fig. 3 ^ ; fig. 4 ? .)
$ T. capite thoraceque fusco-seneis fulvo dense tomentosis metathorace flavo-vario, abdo-
mine nigro nitido segmentis quatuor prioribus flavo-maculatis, alls fere hyalinis, pedibus
testaceis.

Long. corp. lin, 9f. .Expans. alar. lin. 18^.

$ Ferruginea albido-pilosa, abdomine magis piceo, segmento Imo fascia Integra flava, reliquis

interrupte ilavo-fasciatis.
Long. Corp. lin. 8.

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii, D. Lewis. In Mus. nostro, D. Lewisio amicissime com-
municatus.

This species is very nearly allied to T. variabilis, but it is at once
distinguished from that species by its uniform smaller size, the
almost uniform colour of the thorax, and the nearly hyaline wings
of the male. The head in this sex is aeneous black, closely and
finely punctured, and clothed with short close fulvous pubescence ;
the clypeus is yellow, which colour is extended along the anterior
and posterior margin of the eyes, higher than the insertion of the
antennEe ; it forms also a slender branch behind the eyes. The
mandibles are fulvous with black tips, the antennae black and
slender. The thorax is slightly seneous black, finely punctured,
and tomentose like the head, with a slender transverse yellow line
behind the scutellum and the metathorax, with a large patch above

AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 107

and one on each side. The abdomen is black and shining, the first
segment with a large irregular yellow spot nearly divided in two
by a black clavate line ; each of the three following segments has
two round yellow spots on the back and an oblong one on each side,
as have also the fifth and sixth segments ; but in them they much
diminish in size ; the five anterior segments on the under side are
varied with yellow spots, which become gradually smaller beyond
the 2nd joint. The legs are castaneous red, the coxse alone black,
the posterior coxae with a yellow spot in front. The anal append-
age terminates in an acute point, without any lateral spines.

The female is dark chesnut red on the head and thorax, which
are slightly and widely punctured and pilose, the punctures being
larger and closer near the insertion of the antennae. The clypeus
is irregular with a central point (fig. 4 h), the mandibles are pitchy
and entire, the antennae pitchy, the legs chesnut red, the abdomen
pitchy red, with five yellow fasciae interrupted down the middle
and at each side ; the intermediate segments on each side beneath
have a small yellow spot. The first segment has a slight trans-
verse carinated line near the extremity, the second segment with
one near the base and another near the extremity, the inter-
mediate space transversely multi-striolated ; each of the following
segments has a transverse carinated line nearly across the middle.
The terminal segment of the abdomen is thick, truncate, with longi-
tudinal striae, and a notch on each side beneath (fig. 4 e, 4/.)

Figure 3 a, labrum $ ', ^ b, clypeus and mandible ; 3 c, maxilla ; 3 d, labium ; 3 e and 3
f, extremity of tlie abdomen. 3 g, mouth of another specimen with the trophi porrected ;
3 h, the labium as seen within the mouth ; 3 i, the same seen beneath.

Fig. 4 a, the labrum of the female ; 4 b, the front of the head, with the trophi and mandibles
seen from beneath ; 4 c, the maxillse ; 4 d, labium ; 4 e, 4 /", terminal segment of abdo-
men ; 4 g, middle segment of the abdomen, seen laterally, to show the position of the
spiracle.

THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA) DEPRESSUS. Westw.
(Plate 74. fig. 5 <J,fig. 6 ^..)
$ T. niger nitidus punctatus griseo pilosus abdomine depresso oblongo-ovato, segmentis 2, 3,
et 4to utrinque lunula tenui albida, pedibus anticis rufis, posticis 4 piceo-rutis femoribus
uigricantibus.
Long. Corp. lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 12.

5 Capite thorace et basi segmeuti Imi abdominis punctatissimis nigris; abdomine nitido
puuctato hujus segmento 2do et dimidio basali 3tii rufia. Antennis piceo-rufis, basi
nigiis pedibusque rufis.

Long. corp. lin. 4-2-.

Habitat, King George's Sound. In Mus. Brit.

The male is black, with gray hairs ; head and thorax punctured

108 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF

and immaculate ; antennae, black and slender ; the abdomen is
glossy black, depressed, and slightly punctured, with gray pubescence ;
the second, third, and fourth segments have on each side a small,
slender, whitish lunule, diminishing in size. The second and third
segments have also a whitish lunule on each side beneath, and the
fourth and fifth a whitish dot. The abdomen is entire at its extre-
mity, not pointed, but on each side, near the tip, is a small pointed,
and another clavate setose exserted appendage, with a thin pencil of
recurved hairs (fig. 5 a). The fore legs are red, and the four hind
ones pitchy-red ; the middle femora with a black streak behind,
and the hind femora black. The fore wings are yellowish-smoky,
with black veins ; and the hind wings hyaline.

The female has the head, thorax, and base of the first segment
of the abdomen black, and very much punctured ; the abdomen is
shining and setose at the sides ; the extremity of the first seg-
ment, the whole of the second, the basal half of the third, and the
extreme base of the fourth segments, as well as the apical appendage,
are red ; the remainder of the abdomen is black. The second
segment has a carinated transverse line at a short distance from
the hinder margin, the preceding portion being rudely punctured,
and beyond it the segment is glossy and impunctate. The basal
half of the third, fourth, and fifth segments are also glossy and
impunctate, and the apical portion of these segments punctured.
The antennae are pitchy-red, with the basal joint black ; and the
legs are red.

THYNNUS (THYNNOIDES) FUMIPENNIS, Westw.
(Plate 75, fig. 1. $ 2. $)

^ T. subseneo niger luteo-setosus et sublente tenuissime punctatus clypeo fulvo, macula

mediana alterisque duabus lateralibus obscuris ; alis fumosis, pedibus obscure piceo-rufis.
Long. Corp. lin. 8. Expans. alar. lin. 14.

9 nigra subnitida capita pedibusque fulvis. Long. corp. lin. 5.
Habitat, Port Philip. In Mus. Saunders et nostr.

The male of this species is very closely allied to T. obscurus,
Klug, and T. rufipes, Guer. (from both of which it differs in its
smaller size), and also to T. rubripes, from which it differs in the
yellow markings of the clypeus, the colour of the wings and legs, and
the pilosity of the abdomen, and from Th. labiatus, Klug, it differs
in the colour of its wings and legs. It is black, with an aeneous
tinge, which seems rather produced by the very short close luteous
pubescence ; and under a lens it is thickly and finely punctured ;

AUSTRAI^AN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 109

the head is black, with the clypeus convex, its extremity emar-
ginate-truncate^ yellow, which colour does not quite extend upwards
to the insertion of the antennae ; it also forms a short branch on
each side, which does not, however, quite reach the eyes. Down
the middle runs a dark mark, which is dilated in the middle into
an oval ring, and on each side is a dark spot. The mandibles are
yellow, with the tips black ; the antennse and thorax are black and
without spots, as is also the abdomen ; the latter has also the inter-
mediate segments constricted across near the base and apex, and
margined with slender luteous hairs ; it terminates in a flattened
point, which is slightly emarginate on each side near the extremity,
and accompanied on each side near the base by a short spur. The
wings are smoky yellowish, and the legs pitchy red. The female is
black, with the exception of the head, antennae, and legs, which are
fulvous red. The abdomen is very large and gibbose ; the first
segment has a transverse carinated line near its extremity, the
second segment has a carinated line across near the base, and
another near the extremity, the intervening space with about three
elevated finer carinated lines ; the third segment has a transverse
impressed line, at a short distance from the base, the intervening
space being excessively minutely and closely punctured, and with
another impressed line, which runs close to the apical margin in
the middle, but at the sides obliquely extends into the disc of the
segment. The fourth segment has a similar line near the apex,
but none at the base.

Fig. 1 a, represents the clypeus and mandibles of the male ; 1 b, the maxilla ; 1 c, the labium ;

1 d, the labrum ; 1 e, the extremity of the body.

Fig. 2, the front of the head of the female ; 2 h, the maxilla, ■with the very minute palpus 6 *

2 c, the labium, with the very minute labial palpus c * ; 2 d and 2 e, the deflexed
entire striolated extremity of the body.

THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA) ODYNEROrDES, Westw.

(Plate 75, fig. 3, $ fig. 4. ? )

$ Niger flavo-varius pronoto carina antica flava metathorace immaculato ; pedibus fulvo-
rufis, alia limpidis stigmata rufo. Long corp. lin. 7. Expans. alar. lin. 12.

^ fulvo-rufescens thorace, abdominis basi fasciaque lata mediana nigris. Long. corp. lin. 4.

This species is closely allied to Agriomyia maculata. Guer., but
differs in several respects. The head and thorax are black, and
very closely and finely punctured ; the clypeus is narrowly produced
and truncated ; it is yellow, with a black transverse mark, and

110 SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS.

terminates above (beneath the insertion of the antennae) in three
red points ; in the middle, near the front margin, is a deep
impressed dot ; the mandibles are black, with the outsides yellow ;
the two tubercles on which the antennae are placed are red on the
inside ; the head has a small yellow dot behind, in the middle.
The collar has a yellow elevated carina in front, and a small yellow
dot at each lateral angle, behind ; the metathorax has a large
yellow spot in the middle, a smaller one on the scutellum, a short
yellow line behind the latter, and a yellow dot on each side, above
the insertion of the hind wings ; the tegulse are also yellow ; there
is also a yellow spot on each side, beneath each wing ; the abdomen
is black, the first segment above with two minute yellow dots, the
four following with a yellow, elongated, transverse patch on each
side, having a notch in front, near the side, and having the inner
extremity produced into a reflexed, yellow tooth ; the basal segment
of the abdomen beneath is produced into a very prominent, yellow,
conical point ; the three following segments bear a large transverse
yellow spot (inclosing a black mark), and the fifth segment two
minute oblique yellow dots. The legs are fulvous red, and the
wings hyaline, slightly tinged with yellowish, with a chesnut-
coloured stigma ; the abdomen is terminated by an oval, flattened
plate, with the tip acute.

The female has the head fulvous red, considerably dilated in
front, impunctate, with dark fulvous antennae and mandibles, the
latter black at the tips ; the thorax is black and punctured, the
anterior division longitudinally channelled ; the abdomen is fulvous
red, with the base and middle black. The second segment has
three strongly carinated lines across the middle; the third and
fourth have respectively an impressed line across, near the base,
and another (bi-emarginate) towards the apex. The legs are
fulvous, very much ciliated, and the coxae are darker coloured.

Fig. 3 a represents the front of the head of the male ; 3 b, the bilobed labrum ; 3 c, tlie
maxilla; 3 d, the labium ; and 3 e, the extremity of the abdomen of the male.

Fig. 4 a, the very deeply ciliated labrum of the female ; 4 6, the mandible ; 4 c, the maxilla,
■with its very minute palpus ; 4 d, the labium, with its palpus d *.

The plant represented in Plate 75 is the Australian Dillwynia
ericifolia.

Ill

ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE, NOTICES OF
NEW BOOKS, &c.

(No. XIX.)

MoNOGRAPHiA Generis Rhaphidi^, Linnsei. Dissertatio Entomologica. Auct. G. Th.
Schneider. Vratislav, 1843, 4to, 99 pages, 7 plates, coloured and plain.

This is one of the most elaborate monographs which has hitherto
been pubHshed upon a single genus of small extent, containing only
seven species ; the author having given in great detail the biblio-
graphical history and minute external anatomy and natural history
of the species in all their stages, as well as very long descriptions
of each of the species. In the first of these particulars he has
carefully noticed all the works which have appeared upon this genus
up to the present time. In the second respect, he has made great
use of the arrangement and modification of the veins of the wings,
and has elucidated several questions not previously determined with
precision — such as the existence of the six or seven eyelets on each
side of the head of the larvae ; the five-jointed tarsi of the imago ;
the curious mode in which the head of the pupa is detached from
the skin of the larva. He has, however, omitted to trace the
precise structure of the divisions of the lower lip of the imago ;
neither in his magnified figures of the maxillse are the parts of
which they are composed attempted to be traced. The pecu-
liarity in the metamorphoses of these insects which I pointed out
in my Mod. Class, of Ins. (vol. ii. p. 58), that the hind feet
of the pupa, during its inactive state, are partially covered by the
wings, is not represented amongst the figures which he gives of the
pupa, in all of which (although represented in the quiescent state)
all the legs are figured as free. The appendages at the extremity
of the body of the male, hitherto undescribed, have not been repre-
sented in the necessary detail. The predaceous habits of the genus
have long been known ; the following is Schneider's account of the
mode of attack : — " Rhaphidia quum vivum insectum prope se con-
spicit, prothorace sursum flexo, capite deflexo ; statim mandibulis
impetum facit. Quum insectum se movet subito Rhaphidia regre-
ditur ; insecto autem debili vel jam mortuo rapide mandibulas
corpori immittit idque perforat aride partium mollium huraorem
sugens," p. 42. Of the habits of the larvae he states, " Larvae in
fissuris corticis arborum saepius etiam sub cortice vetusta atque inter

112 ENTOMOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE.

truncum ipsum et cortieem habitant. Totam per sestatem et initio
auctumni in corticis arborum fissuris ambulantes adscendunt et
descendunt ut victura quserant idque praecipue quod Stern obser-
vavit hora meridiana caeloque sereno." In this state they are very
pugnacious, destroying and devouring each other, but appearing to
prefer the Diptera for food on account of the greater softness of
their bodies. The following observations on the reproduction of
the limbs in these insects are of great interest, as the genus from the
subquiescent state of the pupae may be deemed to hold an inter-
mediate station between the insects which undergo an incomplete
and a complete metamorphoses — no instance, so far as I am yet aware,
having hitherto been observed in which insects having a complete meta-
morphosis have been found to possess the power of reproducing their
limbs.

" Interdum in exuviis corporis laesae partes restituuntur sic larvam
cujus pes anterior et antenna morsu alius larvae in una eademque
arcula asservatae articulo ultimo spoliata erant, ante ultimas exuvias
has partes recipere vidi. Laesiones vero post ultimas exuvias prae-
sertim graves, et quae breve tempus ante evolutionem in nympham
accipiuntur plerumque mortiferae sunt et unicum tantum animad-
verti casum in quo larva licet amissa post ultimas exuvias dimidia
antenna in nympha et imaginis statum transiit sed antenna ilia Icesa
dimidiata permansit et in nympha et in imagine" p. 49. These larvae
both for hybernation and pupation " in arborum cortice cava ovata
erodunt — Procul dubio hac re in errorem indutus est Waterhouse
(Trans. Ent. Soc. vi. p. 1.), larvam xylophagam esse opinatus est
scobes ligni cohaerentes vel conglutinatas pro excrementis habens
quae vero quod satis expertus sura, speciera habent granularum
minutarum forma oblonga colore nigro."

Adopting my family Mantispidse as distinct from Rhaphididae,
the author gives the following distribution of the two groups : —

Fam. Rhaphideodfa, prosterno C.apite obovato, ocellis 3, prosterno triangulan alarum
postico, pedibus omnibus homo- costis (pilosis), radialibus cubitalibusque in ramulos
nomis, &c. dichotomos exeuntes.

Gen. Rhaphidia, Linn.
Capito quadrato, ocellis o, prosterno libero elongate,
alarum ramulo unico radiali in furcam exeunte pedibus
abbreviatis.

Sub-Gen. Iriocellia, Mihi.

Mantispa crassicornis, Schum.

Fam. Mantispiodea, pro- Ocellis o, &c., Gen. Mantispa,
Bterno antico, pedibus anterioribus Vertice ocellis instructo, &c.,

raptoriis, &c. Sub-Gen. Anisoptera, Mihi ;

seu Mantispa notha, Erichs.

113

PLATES LXXVI anp L^kXVII.

A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS.

Having obtained, since the publication of the preceding number
of this work, a considerable number of new species of Thynnideous
insects from Austi*alia, I hasten to illustrate some of the more
conspicuous, confining myself here to those of the male sex,
not deeming it advisable to describe the females as distinct species,
which may probably prove to be the opposite sexes of individuals
now illustrated.

THYNNUS BROWNII.
(Plate 76, fig. I and details.)

T. niger capite et thorace opacis, fulvo tomentosis et maculatis ; abdouiine flavo maculate,
segmeuto ultimo omnino flavo, antcnnis longis apice gracillimis, pedibus castaneo-rufis $ .
Long Corp. lin. 14^^ ; Expans. alar. lin. 27.

The head is black above, finely punctured, and clothed with
fulvous pubescence, with a slender yellow streak behind each eye,
and two small triangular yellow dots behind the ocelli ; the clypeus
is prominent, convex, and yellow, the extremity terminating in a
semicircular curve, not entirely concealing the ciliated labrum. It
is yellow, which colour ascends in an oval patch as high as the base
of the antennae, where it is marked with a black line, which ter-
minates in a conical chesnut-coloured central spot. The margins
of the eyes and the tubercles on which the antennae arise are also
yellow. The mandibles are yellow, with the tips of the two
teeth brown ; beneath they are clothed with a very thick brush of
black hairs ; the sides of the basal part of the maxillse are also
clothed with numerous long hairs. The maxillae and mentum
(except at the base), as well as the palpi, are fulvous. The
antennae are long (measuring rather more than eight lines in
length), and gradually attenuated from the middle to the apex,
where they are very slender ; they are entirely black. The thorax
is obscure black, and very finely punctured, and also very thickly
clothed with short fulvescent pubescence, which becomes longer
and greyer upon the metathorax. The collar has the anterior
margin forming a slender raised edge, which is yellow, but slightly
interrupted in the middle : the hind margin is broadly fulvous ;
the dorsum is maiked with four impressed longitudinal lines

NO. XX. — \st JULY, 1844. I

114 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS.

between the middle ones, being marked with two posteriorly con-
vergent fulvous conical spots ; the scutellum has two large obliquely
oval fulvous spots, one on each side, behind which are two slender
fulvous transverse strigse, and the metathorax is marked near the
insertion of the abdomen with a yellow spot. The scutellum is not
conspicuously elevated, and the metathorax is deflexed ; the sides
of the metathorax are marked beneath the insertion of the wings
with two yellow spots, united below by a very slender curved yellow
line, and the sides of the metathorax are also marked with yellow.
The abdomen is considerably elongated and ovate, being rounded
in front, very convex above, and with the apex deflexed or incurved ;
it is black and shining ; the first segment marked above with two
small yellow spots at the base, followed by two rather broad
transverse yellow spots, which nearly meet in the middle, each spot
emitting a minute tooth behind ; each of the five following segments
is marked above with two transverse subquadrate yellow spots
(each emitting a little tooth behind), and with a yellow spot on
each side, the posterior edge of which extends a little distance
along the hind edge of the segment : the seventh segment above is
longitudinally striated and yellow, with a small black dot in the
middle ; the abdomen is yellow beneath : each segment, except
the first and last, marked with a brown spot in the middle, and a
black curved line on each side. The anal segment beneath
terminates in an acute black point, the sides at the base being
dilated. The legs are castaneous; the coxse yellow, marked with
a small black spot at the base. The wings are stained yellowish-
brown, with the costa darker ; the hind wings paler coloured.

From King George's Sound. In Mus. Brit, et Westw.

I have adopted the MS. name applied to this species in the
British Museum collection, in which a single specimen is contained.

Figure 1 a represents the front of the clypeus and lahrum ; 1 b, one of the mandibles ; 1 c,
a maxilla ; and 1 d, the mentum and labial palpi.

THYNNUS PICIPES, Westw.
(Plate 77, fig. 2.)

T. niger capite et thorace griseo pubescentibus, clypeo mandibulisque flavis, pedibuB nigris,

tibiis et tarsis brunneo-fuscis, alis flavido-fuscis, costa nigra.
Long. Corp. lin. 10^. Expans. alar. lin. 19 $ .
An varietas T. flavilabris, Gueiin Mag. de Zool, 1842, p. 8 ?

The head is black, slightly shining, finely punctured, and clothed
with short grey pubescence. It has a bifid tubercle in the middle

A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 115

of the face, at the sides of which the antennne are affixed ; these
are short (four lines long), filiform, and black. The clypeus is
rather prominent, oval, convex, and yellow, with the lower margin
truncate, and nearly concealing the labrum ; the mandibles are
slender, yellow, with the tips brown, the underside sparingly
furnished with long hairs. The maxillse, mentum, and palpi, are
pitchy-black ; these do not differ in structure from the details of
fig. 1, except that the maxillse are more slightly furnished with
bairs at the sides. The thorax is entirely black, and finely punc-
tured ; it is clothed with short gray pubescence, both above and
beneath, the metathorax being more thickly covered with longer
white woolly hairs; the wing-scales are black, as is also the
abdomen, which is long, obconical-ovate, and finely punctured,
each segment having a stronger row of punctures near its posterior
margin ; the terminal joint beneath is prominent, deflexed, trans-
versely striated, and produced into an acute point at the tip, each
side at the base being dilated into a small conical tooth ; the
basal segment beneath is carinated down the middle. The legs are
black, with the tibiae and basal joints of the tarsi pitchy-brown,
clothed with fine grey pubescence, the tibiae being slightly rugose,
the tarsal ungues are fulvous at the base. The wings are stained
with yellowish brown, which is deepest coloured in the marginal
and first submarginal cells. The costa is black.

Inhabits King George's Sound. In Mus. Westw.

I should have considered this to be Thynnus flavilabris, were
not that species described as having the pubescence of the head
and prothorax " d''un jaune fauve," the legs as entirely black,
except the calcaria and tarsal ungues, and the size much exceeding
that of my insect, being twenty-six millemetres, or thirteen lines,
in length.

THYNNUS INTERRUPTUS.
(Plate 77, fig. 1, and details.)

T. niger iKvis, capite thoraceque flavo-variis, abdomine fasciis sex tenuissimis flavis, medio

interruptis, pedibus fulvis $ .
Long. Corp. Hn. 13|. Expans. alar. lin. 22.

The head is very finely punctured, and black, with a small
yellow V like mark in the middle of the face, beneath which, on
each side, is a deep black excavation, within which the antennae
are affixed ; the clypeus is large, prominent, yellow, and shining,
produced into a conical point above, and with the anterior margin
straightly truncate, nearly concealing the labrum (fig. 1 a), which

I 2

116 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS.

appears to be bilobed. The eyes are margined with yellow. The
mandibles are long, slender, and yellow, with the tips brown, the
inner edge very slightly setose. The maxillary palpi are broken in
my specimen. The antennse are short, filiform, and black. The
thorax is robust, black, polished, and very finely punctured. The
prothorax has a very slender yellow raised anterior margin, inter-
rupted with black in the middle; the posterior margin is more
broadly margined with yellow, which extends only to the wing-
scales, which are also yellow. The metathorax is marked with four
deeply-impressed lines, having a yellow spot in the middle. The
scutellum is black at the base, with a broad yellow lunule, with a
separate yellow spot at each side ; near its anterior angles, behind
the scutellum, is another slender yellow lunule, and two lateral
yellow spots, and the metathorax is nearly occupied by a large
angulated yellow spot, which is narrowed behind ; its lateral edges,
which are very prominent, being also yellow ; each side of the
mesothorax is marked with two yellow spots beneath the base of the
wings. The abdomen is elongate-ovate, convex, black, very finely
punctured ; each of the six anterior segments with a slender trans-
verse yellow fascia across the middle, interrupted down the centre
of the abdomen ; the penultimate joint beneath is armed with two
prominent tubercles (fig. 1 c), and the terminal joint is elongate,
lanceolate, the tip acutely pointed, and the base on each side pro-
duced into a short point (fig. 1 b). The intermediate segments of
the abdomen beneath are fulvous, with a slender interrupted trans-
verse fascia on the hind margin. The legs are fulvous ; the anterior
coxae large, flat and yellow; the inner edge produced into a narrow
piece, which at first sight appears distinct ; the mesosternum is
also produced behind into two yellow points, which appear like a
pair of supplemental coxse. The basal segment of the abdomen
beneath is conically carinated.

Inhabits New Holland. In Mus. Brit, et Westw.

I have adopted the MS. name attached to this species in the
British Museum cabinet.

THYNNUS TROCHANTERINUS, fVestw.
(Plate 77, fig. 3.)

T. capite et tborace nigro et pallide flavo-variis, abdomine pallida flavo, nigro cingulato, femoribus

flavis basi et apice nigris tibiis tarsisque castaneis ^ .
Long. Corp. lin. 8^. Expans. alar. lin. 14.

This species is nearly allied to Th. variegatus, Klu^, but much
larger, and with different coloured scutellum and feet. The

A DECADE OP AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 1 17

head is of moderate size, black, and finely punctured ; the hind
margin with a slender yellow line, which extends behind the
eyes, where it i.s dilated on each side ; there is also a small yellow
patch extending from the upper angle of each eye towards the
ocelli ; there is also a yellow patch between the antennae at the
base^ these being rather wide apart. The clypeus is oval and
yellow ; the apex narrow and rather rounded ; the space between
its sides and the inner margins of the eyes is depressed and yellow,
with a small black dot. The mandibles are yellow, with the tips
black ; the basal piece of the maxillae and the mentum are black ;
the former scarcely hairy. The terminal sixth joint of the palpi
appears to have been broken off in both the palpi in my specimen ;
the terminal joint of the labial palpi is slenderer and longer than
the preceding joint. The antennae are rather slender and filiform,
being four lines long ; they are entirely black, whereas T. variegatus
has the basal joint yellow. The pronotum is margined entirely
with a rather narrow edge of yellow ; the disc of the mesonotura
is black, with four impressed lines and a yellow patch behind, and
a slender lateral line ; the wing-covers are also yellow ; the
scutellum is black, with a yellow lunule across the middle, pointed
in front ; behind this is a slender yellow curved line, united with
two lateral yellow spots ; and the metathorax has three yellow
spots, the central one largest and dilated in front. The surface
of the thorax is finely punctured, and slightly pilose; the presternum
bears two yellow spots, and the sides of the mesosternum two
fulvous ones beneath the insertion of the fore wings ; this part is
also clothed with fulvous pubescence. The abdomen is elongate,
ovate, with the tip acute ; it is pale-yellow coloured, the basal joint
above with a small conical spot, two minute dots, and the hinder
margin of black. The three following segments are marked with
black transverse bars, the extremity of one and the base of the
next being narrowly marked with this colour ; the middle of the
inner edge of these bars is rather produced in front ; the following
segments are black ; the fifth and sixth marked with yellow lateral
lunules ; the basal segment of the abdomen beneath is conically
elevated, and the other segments are coloured as above, the black
margin of the second and third joints being very narrow; the
anal segment is entire, but terminated by a minute slender acute
point. The coxae are yellow, with black marks ; the trochanters
black, the femora yellow, with the disc and apex black, the fore
edge of the anterior and middle pairs being more chesnut, which

118 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDE0U8 INSECTS.

is also the colour of the tibise and tarsi ; the wings are slightly
stained with yellowish brown.

Inhabits King George's Sound. In Mus. Westw.

THYNNUS TUBERCULIVENTRIS, Westw.
(Plate 76, fig. 2.)

Niger, griseo-pilosus clypeo flavo-vario, abdomine elongato nitido nigro, segmentis utrinque

fulvo maculatis, segmento 2ndo subtus tuberculis duobus parvis conicis instructo. $
-fjong. Corp. lin. 12. Expans. alar. lin. 20.

The head is small and black, closely and finely punctured ; the
clypeus is slightly prominent, and convex ; yellow, with a slender
curved dark line on each side, and a dark central spot ; the apex
is truncate, nearly concealing the ciliated labrum : the yellow
margin of the clypeus is extended to the eyes, which have an
abbreviated yellow margin to the lower part, both in front and
behind ; the head has also two minute yellow dots behind the eyes ;
the antennae are black, with two minute yellow frontal dots ; the
mandibles are yellow, with the tips brown ; the maxillae and
mentum are black, the former, as well as the maxillae, strongly
fringed with pale hairs. In other respects, the trophi agree with
T. Brownii. The thorax is entirely black, and clothed with gray
pubescence ; it is of an oval form ; the abdomen is of an elongate
oval form, broadest across the middle ; it is black and shining, each
segment with a large fulvous lateral spot, which becomes confluent
on the sixth segment, the terminal joint being entirely fulvous ;
the basal segment is conically elevated in front above, and beneath
it is not carinated ; the second segment is, however, armed
beneath with two small conical tubercles ; this and the following
segments are dark yellow, with black margins ; the terminal
segment is armed at the tip with a short acute black spine, the
sides of which, at the base, are slightly dilated. The legs are
chesnut-coloured, with the coxae and base of the femora black ; and
the wings are very slightly stained with yellowish brown.

Inhabits King George's Sound. In Mus. Westw.

THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA?) MELLEUS, Westw.
(Plate 76, fig. 4.)

T. capite thoraceqiie nigris flavo variis, pronoto flavo, puncto parvo iiigro, abdomine elongato

fulvo, nigro-cingulato, pedibus fulvis, alis fiavis. $
Long. Corp. lin. 9^. Expans. alar. lin. 16.

The head is rather small, black, and punctured ; the eyes are
margined with yellow, except on the crown of the head, the pale

A DECADE OP AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 119

marginal line running across the back of the head ; between the
antennae is a yellow V like mark. The clypeus is large, prominent,
convex, and yellow, truncated at the tip, exposing the porrected
semicircular and ciliated yellow labrum ; the mandibles are slender
and yellow, with the tips brown ; the maxillae and mentum are pale
yellow — the former scarcely ciliated ; the maxillary palpi are
rather short ; the antennae are slender and filiform, measuring
rather more than 4 lines in length. The collar is fulvous, with a
small black spot in the middle of the anterior margin. The meso-
notum has the lateral margins rather elevated, and the middle
marked with a yellow spot ; the scutellura also bears a yellow spot
of like size, followed by a curved yellow lunule ; and the meta-
thorax, which is broad with the lateral angles rounded, is marked
with two oblique yellow lines ; the wing-scales are yellow, and the
space between the scutellum and postscutellura is marked with
yellow. The abdomen is oblong, rounded before and behind, and
sub-depressed, of a rich orange colour, with the base and the
incisions black ; the anterior segment is channelled down the
middle, and the terminal ventral segment is armed with a short
acute deflexed spine, the sides of which, at the base, are dilated :
the thorax beneath is black, clothed with silvery gray pile ; and
each side of the mesothorax and metathorax bears a yellow spot
beneath the base of the fore-wings. The abdomen beneath is fulvous,
fasciated with black ; the legs are fulvous, with black coxae ; the
posterior pair streaked with yellow. The wings are golden yellow,
with the stigma fulvous.

Inhabits King George's Sound. In Mus. Westw.

THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA?) TRIFIDUS, Westw.

(Plate 77, fig. 4.)
T. gracilis, elongatus niger, capite Ihoraceque opacis flavo variis, abdomine nitido segmentis

singulis 5 basalibus lunulis duabus flavis fasciolam nigram includentibus, pedibus obscure

castaneis. $
Long. Corp. lin. 8:^. Expans. alar. lin. 13^.

This species seems nearly allied to Agriomyia affinis, Guer.
(Mag. de Zool., 1842, p. 4), but that species is too concisely
described, and the original specimen too mutilated to allow me to
determine its specific identity therewith. The head is obscure
and black, and finely punctured ; the eyes margined with yellow,
except on the crown of the head ; the middle of the face with a
yellow V like mark ; and the front of the head narrow, yellow, and
with a black, trifid divergent mark. The clypeus is rather

120 A DKCADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDE0U3 INSECTS.

emarginate at its anterior margin, exposing the labrum, which is
yellow, and with its anterior edge slightly bilobed ; the mandibles
are yellow, with the tips black. The antennse are short and black
(scarcely measuring 3 lines in length) ; the outer edge of the
maxillse is clothed with long white hairs. The collar is black, with
an entire rather narrow yellow margin. The mesonotum is black
with a yellow spot in the middle, and a small one on each side
behind the wing-scales, which are also yellow ; the scutellum bears
a yellow conical spot ; the apex directed towards the head : behind
this is a narrow transverse yellow lunule, and two lateral yellow
dashes ; and the metathorax bears two oblique yellow lines, extend-
ing to the outer posterior angles ; the sides of the thorax, beneath
the insertion of the wings, are also spotted with yellow. The
abdomen is elongate- ovate and depressed, broadest across the middle,
black and shining ; the five anterior segments bearing a large
lunular yellow spot on each side, inclosing a short black transverse
line which, in the fifth segment, unites with the black-ground
colour of the segment ; the sixth segment bears two minute and
slender yellow lunules. The body beneath is clothed with gray
pubescence ; the coxse black, with yellow stripes ; and the abdomen
black, each of the intermediate segments with two slender yellow
lunules ; the terminal segment is entire, and rounded at the tip ;
the legs are entirely chesnut red, and the wings stained with
yellowish brown.

Inhabits King George's Sound. In Mus. Westw.

THYNNUS (AGRIOMYIA?) MARGINALIS, JVestw.
(Plate 76, fig. 3.)

T. uiger griseo subpubescens, clypeo oculisque (in parte inferior!) albido tenuissime
marginatis ; abdominis segmcntis quinque basalibus lunula tenuissinia albida utrinque in
margiue postico notatis, pedibus duobus anticis castaneis, posticis duobus nigris. ^

Long. Corp. lin. 7^. Expans. alar. lin. 12.

The head and thorax of this species are black, thickly but finely
punctured, and not shining ; the latter elongate, with the scutellum
rather elevated, convex, and less strongly punctured ; the clypeus
is rather short, convex, black, slightly carinated down the
middle and truncate at the tip, with a slender white margin
extending as far as the eyes, to which it also forms a slender
margin about as high as the insertion of the antennae. The back
part of the head is marked with two obscure red spots. The
antennae are black, the tips being, however, broken off in my

A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 121

unique specimen. The mandibles are black on the inside and
yellow on the outside, the tips and inner margin being, however,
black ; the maxillae have a long row of slender hairs on the outside,
and the palpi are rather elongated. The thorax is black, the wing-
scales and a very slender transverse line behind the scutellum being
dirty white ; the abdomen is black, depressed, narrower than the
thorax, its broadest part being in the middle ; the five anterior
segments marked on each side, at the posterior margin, with a
very slender dirty white lunule; the basal segment has a deep
longitudinal channel down the middle ; the body beneath is black,
with slight gray pubescence, the intermediate segments of the
abdomen with extremely slender white lunules behind ; the apical
segment is entire and rounded. The anterior feet are castaneous,
with the tips of the tarsi black ; the middle feet are castaneous
before, but black behind, and the hind feet are entirely black.
The wings are slightly tinged with grayish, and the stigma is
black. Inhabits King George's Sound. In Mus. Westw.

THYNNUS DIMTDIATUS, Westw.

(Plate 76. fig. 5.)

T. niger punctatus abilomine (seguiento basali excepto) tibiis tarsisque ferrugineis, ano

5-(ientato. ^
Long. Corp. lin. 6. Expans. alar. lin. 9j.

This curious species has the head and thorax entirely black,
finely punctured, and clothed with slight gray pubescence ; the
clypeus is porrected between the mandibles, which are dark
castaneous, with the tips black. The antennae are rather short
(about two lines long), and black ; the trophi are black ; the outside
of the maxillae clothed with long whitish hairs ; the disc of the
mesothorax is scarcely marked by the four impressed lines, and
the metathorax is far more delicately punctured than the scutellum.
The dorsal segment of the abdomen is black ; the remainder dark-
brick red. The segments are much constricted at the articulations,
where in each is a transverse impressed line running across the
joint, finely serrated ; the penultimate segment is armed at each
side with a short ferruginous spine, and the terminal segment with
a deflexed acute black point, the base of which, on each side, is
armed with a shorter black diverging curved spine ; the legs are
black, with the tips of the femora and the tibiae and tarsi dark
ferruginous. The wings are rather tinged with gray, and the
stigma is black.

122 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS.

GENUS AELURUS, XLUG.

In my sketch of the generic arrangements pi'oposed in this
group of insects, given in pp. 102 and 103, I accidentally omitted
to mention that Dr. Klug, in his Memoir in the Berlin Transac-
tions for 1840, had described a new genus, founded upon two
Brazilian species, which appeared to possess characters of higher
value than those of the majority of the groups proposed by
M. Guerin Meneville.

Dr. Klug chiefly relied upon the structure of the trophi of the
male for the characters of his genus, not describing the parts of
the mouth of the other sex, nor noticing a character which at once
distinguishes the genus from all the other Thynnideous insects
which I have yet examined (except as mentioned below), namely,
the homogeneous structure of the upper maxillary lobe, which, in
the typical Thynnides, has the horny portion divided into two
parts by a narrow transverse leathery connexion ; a peculiarity,
doubtless, connected with the structure of the parts of the lower
lip, to which this lobe forms a defending sheath. That this division
does not exist in Aelurus, I infer from Dr. Klug's figure 16 a,
compared with the same organ in the Australian insect, next to be
described, which, notwithstanding some variation in the general form
of the body, must, I conceive, be assigned to Dr. Klug's new
genus, which is thus shown to inhabit the Australian as well as the
South American Continent, a peculiarity in nowise surprising, when
it is remembered that these are the two geographical seats of the
whole group.

AELURUS ABDOMINALIS.

(Plate 77, fig. 5, and details.)

Syn. — Agriomyia abdominalis, Guerin, Mag. de Zool., 1842, p. 5,

A. niger aureo-setosus, collari punctis duobus transversis, scutello macula flava notato, abdomino
(basi segmenti primi excepto) pedibusque fulvo-rufescentibus. ^

Long. Corp. lin. 6^. Expans. alar. lin. 11.

The head is black, transverse, and flat on the crown, and finely
punctured, the face is furnished in the middle with two small
tubercles, at the sides of which the antennae are affixed ; the
clypeus is slightly porrected, with its extremity truncate and
yellow ; the mandibles (fig. 5 b,) are fulvous, with the tips brown ;
they are clothed beneath with long hairs; the labrum is small,
entire, and strongly cihated. (Fig. 5 a.) The antennae are long,
slender, black, and filiform, with the tips acute, (measuring nearly

A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS. 123

4 lines long) ; the maxillae are small, with the apical lobe rounded
and homogeneous (fig. 5 c,) with the sides clothed with long hairs,
and the palpi very long and slender, the basal joint being the
shortest and the third the broadest. The mentum (fig. 5f/, 5 c,)
is narrow (with the labium inflexed), the extremity furnished with
a very long curved pencil of hairs (scarcely shorter than the
maxillary palpi), and the labial palpi are elbowed at the tip of the
first long joint, which is also furnished with a long diverging bush
of hairs ; the sides of the head are furnished with long fulvous
hairs directed backwards. The collar is but slightly developed, with
two minute transverse yellow spots in front ; the mesothorax has its
upper surface marked with four longitudinal channels ; the scutellum
bears a yellow spot, followed by a transverse yellow lunate spot ; the
metathorax is oval, attenuated behind, nearly polished, slightly
setose ; the abdomen is rather long, depressed, and narrowed
in front, the basal joint triangular, convex above, channelled down
the middle ; the base black, the extremity of the remainder of the
abdomen of a fulvous castaneous colour, slightly clothed with
fulvous hairs, the terminal segment is carinated beneath, tridentate
at the tip, the middle tooth being the longest and black at the tip.
The coxae and trochanters are black, and the legs fulvous
castaneous. Wings almost hyaline, with black veins and stigma.

Inhabits Van Diemen's Land. In Mus. Westw.

I am indebted to R. H. Lewis, Esq., for this interesting insect.

M. Guerin has described another Australian species, allied to
the preceding, under the name of Agriomyia spinolae, with the
observation that they differ from the rest of the genus, in their longer
antennae, and the long hairs at the sides of the head, so that they
" pourraient bien devenir types d'un nouveau genre," for which he
proposes the name of Tachynomyia, which, both on account of its
want of priority in date and its insufficient characters must be
rejected in favour of the name Aelurus.

The plant represented in plate 76 is Solanum stelligerum, and
that in plate 77 is the Orchidaceous Arethusa catenata.

Obs. — The curious structure of the anterior coxae of T. inter-
ruptus having induced me to examine the same part in other
species, I have found that the male of T. (Thynnoides) fumi-
pennis, (ante, p. 108), possesses a singularity of structure which

124 A DECADE OF AUSTRALIAN THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS.

I have hitherto observed in no other insect, having the cox?e
dilated, and together forming a broad nearly circular cup, with the
margins elevated, large enough to allow the under-side of the head
to rest within it when deflexed.

Obs. 2. — Thynnus decipiens (ante, p. 105), is closely allied to
T. dimidiatus above described ; it may be thus characterized : —

T. decipiens ; niger punctatissimus, abdomine elongate, segnaentis constiictis, ultimis duobus
feirugineis, ano dentato dentibus duobus primis minoribus segmentoque penultimo etiam
tridentato, pedibus nigris.

Long. Corp. lin. 5. Expaus. alar. lin. 9'/^.

Habitat in Terra Van Diemenii, Mus. Westw. Communic. Dom. J. Hooker.

Obs. 3. — I have detected (June 14, 1844,) a third Australian
species of Aelurus in the collection of my friend G. H. K. Thwaites,
Esq., of Bristol, of which the following are the characters : —

Aelurus moerens ; niger, capite et thorace obscuris cinereo paullo setosis, abdomine elongato-
ovato, segmento ultimo lateribus rotundatis apice in spinam parvam producto; capite setis
longis griseis postice marginato, maxillis et labio ut in congeneribus, alis fusco-tinctis.

Long. Corp. lin. 7. Expans. alarum lin. ISg.

Habitat apud Melbourne (Nov. HoU.) Mus. Thwaites.

125

PLATE LXXVIII.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF LONGICORN BEETLES FROM
TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) COMES, Westw.

(Plate 78, fig. I.)

L, nigra nitida, elvtris punctatis, maculis numerosis rotundatis, magnitudine diversis, albidis et

fulvis, apicibusque fulvis nigro-striatis.
Long. Corp. lin. 15. la Mus. Dupont, Parisiis.

Black, pronotum strongly angulated in the middle of each side,
from which runs a curved raised space ; elytra much punctured ;
the humeral angles acute, and porrected ; the disc of each with two
longitudinal raised lines ; near the suture are two round pale buff
spots, edged with greenish, followed by two large round fulvous
ones, rather before the middle, attached to the anterior edge of
each is a slender pale line, and a small lateral dot ; near the
middle of each elytron are three smaller roundish spots of pale
buff, arranged in a triangle, the outer one being the smallest ;
extremity fulvous, divided by the elevated black lines above
mentioned : mesosternal process broadly truncate, but not very
prominent (fig. 1 a, 1 b.).

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS ?) PRINCEPS, Duponfs MSS.

(Plate 78, fig. 2.)
L. luteo-fulva, elytris glaiico-albidis ; basi, lateribus (versus apicem dilatatis), et fascia lata

media (in medio interrupta), brunneis, antennis longis, sterno parvo conico.
Long. Corp. lin. 16.
Habitat in Guinea. In Mas. Dupont.

Head and thorax clothed with very short brownish luteo-fulvous
pile, having a greenish tinge at the sides of the latter ; the eyes
margined with whitish. Antennae long, 11-jointed; the terminal
joint very long and slender ; they are setose beneath for about one-
third of their length, and are dark gray, with a brown tinge, the
joints being black at the tips. Mandibles simple (fig. 2 a) ; the sides
of the prothorax are armed with a small spine ; the elytra have a
broad brown base, with the posterior edge irregular ; the sides of
the elytra are also brown, which colour extends into a large patch
on each side, running more than half across the middle of the
elytra ; near the extremity, also, it is dilated into a broader patch
of this colour; the remaining space is of a pale dull greenish
colour, separated from the brown by a whitish line, following the
irregularities of the latter ; legs gray-brown ; body beneath entirely

126 LONGICORN BEETLES FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA.

brownish luteous-fulvous ; mesosternal process small and conical
(fig. 2 b, 2 c), and but slightly prominent.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) EREMITA, ChevrolaVs MSS.
(Plate 78, fig. 3.)
L. luteo-albida punctata, supra capite et tliorace nigro-maculatis, hoc stiiga media longitudinali
nigra ante medium constricta, elytris albido et nigro variis, plaga magna irregular) tir
triangulari pallida basali relicta.
Long. Corp. lin. 10.
Habitat iu Senegallia. In Mus. D, Chevrolat.

Upper side of the body pale luteous-buff, varied with black.
The head has a patch in the middle of the hind margin, and two
small spots on each side ; the face has four minute oblique black
spots; antennae short, 11-jointed, black, each joint, after the second,
having a broad gray ring at the base : the pronotum has a rather
broad black stripe down the centre, and several irregular-shaped
smaller black lateral spots, the sides being produced in the middle
into an acute black point ; the elytra have a large pale irregular
triangular-shaped patch at the base, with two minute black dots at
the sides of the scutellum, and two at a little distance below it ; the
remainder of the elytra are black and punctured, with numerous
pale markings of irregular shape, and with pale irrorations upon
the black parts ; legs pale, with black rings ; beneath buff-stone
coloured, with a pinkish tinge ; the middle of the body black and
shining, a minute black spot on each side of the prosternum, and
also near the outer hind angle of the mesosternum, and a spot on
each side of the abdominal segments united with the black middle
patch in the terminal segment. Mesosternal process broadly
quadrate, and not porrected (fig. 8 a, 8 i).

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS?) BICOLOR, Westw.
(Plate 78, fig. 4.)
L. obscure fusea tomentosa, elytris pallida virescenti-sulphureis.
Long. Corp. lin. 12^.
Habitat. Gold Coast, Guinea. In Mus. D. Carter.

Nearly allied to L . angulator Olivier, from which it differs in the
form of the mesosternal process. Entirely covered with a dull
brown silky pubescence, except the elytra, which are of a pale
yellowish-green, with an opaline gloss. Eyes and mandibles black ;
antennae 12-jointed; prothorax with the sides armed with a small
pointed tubercle ; mandibles simple, mesosternal process small,
conical, channelled, and rather porrected (fig. 4 a, 4 5).

The plant represented in the plate is Pontederia natans, Pal.
d. B., a native of tropical Western Africa.

127

PLATE LXXIX.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW ASIATIC SPECIES OF PAPILIO.

PAPILIO PALEPHATES, Boisduval's MSS.
(Plate 79, fig. 1.)
P. alis atiticis oblongis sub-ovalibus, brunneo-nigris, serie duplici macularum albarum, versus
apicem in plagara tnagnam dilatata, posticis ecaudatis maculis 5 cuneatis lunulisqiie sex
subtnarginalibus incisuiisque fulvis.
Expans. alar. line. 4^.
Habitat in Manilla. In Mus. reg. Paris.

Closely allied to P. Panope, Linn., of which it will probably prove
only a geographical variety, differing from the typical Continental
individuals in the large pale patch near the tip of the fore wings, and
in the hind wings beneath having the veins margined with pale buff.
In the disposition of the markings it otherwise accords with P.
Panope, but its fore wings are more ovate, the apical margin being
a little rounded ; they are of a rich brown colour, with a large
whitish patch, formed of three confluent oblong spots near the
apex of the wing, followed by a single small oval spot close to the
apex; and beneath these are several small conical spots, which
become united with the marginal spots, of which there are only
six, the apical portion of the wing not possessing them ; besides
these there are three oval or round spots preceding them, towards
the anal angle. The hind wings are brown, with five cuneated
pale patches, extending from the anal margin, succeeded by six
lunate pale spots extending from the outer angle, and with five
fulvous incisural spots, the anal angle bearing a larger oval fulvous
spot, in which is a black dot. The fore wings on the under-side
are of a paler brown colour, but similarly marked beyond the
middle ; the base also with several pale dashes. The hind wings
have the veins from the base to beyond the middle edged with pale
buff ; half way between the discoidal cell and the hind margin of
the wing is a row of five white crescents, shaded off into the
ground colour of the wing, and separated by brown arches from a
row of white horse-shoe marks, within which are six large fulvous
incisural marks ; the base of all the wings with small round white
spots ; the body and abdomen are also spotted with black.

PAPILIO XENOCLES.

(Plate 79, fig. 2.)

Syn. — Papilio Xenocles, Doubleday, in Gray's Zool. Misc., p. 74.

P. alis sub-ovalibus ecaudatis, fuscis albido-virescenti striatis et maculatis, posticis macula

fulva ad anguluna ani notatis.
Expans. alar. unc. 3^.
Habitat in Assam. In Mus. H. Doubleday.

Nearly allied to P. Macareus, from which it differs at once in the
fulvous patch at the anal angle, in which respect it agrees with

128 DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW ASIATIC SPECIES OF PAPILIO.

P. Laodocus, De H. (P. Delessertii, Guer.). The upper side diifers
from the under only in having the ground colour of all the wings
dark brown. The species is described in the work above quoted.

PAPILIO LEUCOTHOE, Westw.
(Plate 79, fig. 3.)

P. alls sub-ovalibus, nigro-fuscis, anticis pone medium seriebus duabus maculariim lactearum,
internis majoribus, cuneatis (intermediis minoribus) ; alls posticis ecaudatis, lacteo-albidis
venis margineque postico fuscis, hoc lunulis sex punctoque anali albidis.

Expaus. alar. unc. 4.

Habitat in India Orientali (circa Pulo Penang?*) In Mus. Britann.

Closely allied to P. Clytia f and Laodocus in the form of
its wings and arrangement of the wing-veins (especially in the
narrowness and length of the discoidal cell of the hind wings),
but differs, especially from P. Laodocus, in its markings and
colour, so that it cannot be supposed to be a suffused variety of
that insect. Fore wings above dark brown, with cream-white
spots ; in the discoidal cell are two minute white dots, just pre-
ceding the insertion of the second and third branches of the median
vein; just beyond the extremity of the discoidal cell also marked
with three small white spots, followed by a curved row of nine
cuneated marks of unequal size, those towards the inner margin
being the largest, the one nearest the costa is round ; the seventh
and eighth are confluent through more than half their length, and
the ninth or innermost one is long and lanceolate ; these are
followed by a submarginal row of eight round spots, increasing in
size to the inner margin, the last being confluent with the patches
preceding it. Hind wings brown, with the veins edged with,
and the outer margin brown, the latter with six pale submarginal
spots ; those towards the anal margin being lunate, the anal angle
itself with a small pale dot. Under surface similar, but the brown
colour is paler, and the base of all the wings is marked with several
small round white spots. Head and thorax black, with white
spots; abdomen black, with a broad white longitudinal stripe
on each side ; body beneath spotted with black.

The orchidaceous plant represented in the plate is the Trichosma
suavis, Lindl., from the Khoseea district of India.

* This species was obtained in a collection recently sold by auction by Mess. Stevens, of
King Street, Covent Garden, containing specimens of Pap. Laodocus, Fulgora Delessertii,
and F. Lathburii K. &c. ; so that it is most probable that it w.as from the southern part of
the eastern peninsula of India.

t It is accordingly named after her favoured rival, Leucothoe.

12'.)

PLATE LXXX.

ILLUSTRATIONS OP TWO ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF PAPILIO, SENT
FROM ASSAM BY MAJOR JENKINS.

Since the publication of the 19th number of this work, in
which two new species of Papilio, kindly communicated from Assam
by Major F, Jenkins, were figured, I have received two cases of
insects from the same gentleman, in which were contained speci-
mens of the two species represented, for the first time, in the
accompanying plate. They had previously, however, been described
by myself in the Annals of Natural History, from specimens
received from Sylhet by the Rev. J. Stainforth, now in the col-
lection of H. Doubleday, Esq. In respect, therefore, to their
geographical range, this circumstance becomes of importance. It
is also rather remarkable, that all these new Assamese species
should be so little striking in their colours.

PAPILIO POLLUX, jrestiv.
(Plate 80, fig. I.)

P. alis latis posticis sinuatis ecaudatis, omnibus supra fuscis ; anticis supra puncto ad apicem
aresB discoidalis, serie submarginali et marginal! punctorum ad apicem extensis, albidis
plagisque duabus plus minusve obliteratis versus angulum internum ; posticis fascia
latissima albida seu virescenti (venis divisa) pone medium ; serie lunularum submarginali
sinubusque albo marginatis : alis subtus similiter coloratis at fulvo pulverosisin partibus
fuscis lunulisque submarginalibus posticarum majoribus, corpore albo punctate.

Expans. alar. unc. 4'| — 5i. Variat magnitudine macularum coloreque fascias posticarum
quae subinde fere obliterata est.

Habitat Sylhet et Assam. Mus. Doubleday et nostr.

The under side of a fine light coloured specimen is here repre-
sented, the upper side differing in having the cream-white colour
rather less diffused, especially towards the inner angle of the fore
wings ; sometimes, also, the marginal spots of the fore wings are
entirely, and the submarginal ones nearly, obliterated towards the
tip of the wings, except the large one next the tip; the large
discoidal spots near the inner angle of the fore wings on the upper
side are more or less obsolete, and occasionally confluent with the
adjacent submarginal patches.

PAPILIO CASTOR. Westw.
(Plate 80, fig. 2 and 2».)

P. alis latis anticis apice subacutis, posticis sinuatis ecaudatis, omnibus supra fuscis, anticis
venis strigisque intermediis nigris, margine punctis niinutis albis ; posticis macula magna
discoidali (versus angulum e.xternum extensa) alba in 4 vel 5 partes irregulares venis
divisa ; sinubus albo marginatis, anticis subtus macula parva ad apicem are* discoidalis,

NO. XXI. 1st SEPTEMBER, 1844. K

130 ILLUSTRATIONS OF TWO ADDITIONAL SPECIES OF PAPILIO.

■» «nV,mar£rinali punctorum (.nicalibus interdum obsoletis) punctisque raarginalibus
X; posSma .£ 4 albis dis'coidanbus versus angulum externum altensque tr,bus
nll^ToVibus aTnrrglnern analem interdum adjectis, serie submarginah lunularum albarum
sinubusque albo-marginatis ; corpore nigro, aibo-punctato.

Expans, alar. unc. 3|— 4|.

Habitat Sylhet et Assam. Mus. Doubleday et nostr.

The plant represented in the plate is the Epidendrum huraile,
from Nepal.

131

PLATE LXXXI.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO SPECIES OF GOLIATH BEETLES, FROM
TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA.

MECYNORHINA SAVAGII, Harris.
(Journal of Boston Soc. of Nat, Hist. vol. iv. pi. 21.)

M. pronoto obscure viridi opaco lineis 5 flavis, elytris nigris velutinis sutura utrinqne striisque
tribus (in singulo) e maculis flavis plus minusve confluentibus notatis, tarsis posticis
fulvis $ ^ .

Long. Corp. ^ (cornu capitis inchiso) unc. 2^ ; $ iinc. If.

Habitat Cape Palmaa Africse occid. tropic. D. Savage. In Mus. D. Hope.

(Plate 81, figs. I, 2.)

The splendid addition to the family of the Goliath Beetles,
represented in the annexed Plate, has been recently discovered in
tropical Western Africa, by Dr. Savage, and at his request I have
added coloured figures of both sexes of it to my former articles on
this tribe of insects, although a previous description has appeared
from the pen of the talented Dr. T. W. Harris, of Harvard Uni-
versity, Boston, U. S. It is closely allied to the two other species
of Mecynorhina, but differs from M. torquatus in its striped thorax,
maculated elytra, and furcate horn of the clypeus, in all which
respects it is nearer to M. Polyphemus, which is at once known
from it by the dark green ground colour of the elytra, anterior tibi?e
of the males multidentate on the inner edge, and especially by the
black colour of the posterior tarsi and the emarginate clypeus of
the female of the Polyphemus.

The male has the head in front of the eyes armed with two
porrected black horns, bent outwardly, and the front of the head
is produced into a horizontally porrected broad horn, furcate at
the tips ; the head and upper surface of the frontal horn are
entirely clothed with a very fine grayish plush or slight velvety
knap, the underside of the latter dark chesnut black; the two
other horns are black. The disc of the head is considerably exca-
vated. The thorax is dark opaque velvety green above, with five
broad yellowish stripes, the two intermediate ones rather dilated
in the middle, and the lateral ones having only a very slender
black margin. The scutellum is dark green, with a broad yellow
stripe along the middle. The elytra are velvet black, each with
three longitudinal rows of fulvous spots, and an irregular stripe of
the same colour on each side of the suture, the marginal and sub-
sutural spots confluent from the base to the middle. Each elytron

K 2

132 DESCRIPTION OF TWO SPECIES OF

is pointed at the extremity of the suture, being most conspicuous
in the female. The pod ex is black, with two conspicuous square
whitish spots. The fore legs are robust, the femora green, varied
beneath with pale whitish plush ; the tibiae black, with three
unequal sized strong teeth on each side, exclusive of the apical
spur, those on the outer edge being abruptly bent downwards ; the
tarsi of the four fore-feet black, middle tibise with the outer edge
entire, the apical spur bent, hind tibise simple on the outer edge,
and with a thick coating of golden brown hairs along the inner
margin ; posterior tibise pale fulvous, with the tips of the joints and
claws black. The under side of the prothorax is thickly coated
with whitish plush, as are also the sides of the meso- and meta-
thorax ; the middle of the mesosternum and thighs are dark opaline
green, highly polished.

The mesosternal process is broad, porrected and rounded in
front, with a thick coating of fulvous pile on its upper side ; the
abdomen is dark chesnut, with the centre much depressed, and the
podex is fringed with fulvous hairs.

The female agrees with the male in general characters, but has
the head entire and unarmed, the clypeus broad, square, and
entire, with the front margin reflexed ; the disc of the head is
marked with two oblong whitish patches of plush. The anterior
tibise are entire along the inner margin, but armed with three ex-
tremely acute teeth on the outside ; the middle tibise are armed
with two teeth on the outside, near the middle, and the posterior
ones with a single tooth in the middle ; the underside of the abdo-
men is convex and green, and the sides of the breast are covered
with a yellowish gray plush, intermixed with coarse hairs.

Dr. Savage informed Dr. Harris that this species and M. Poly-
phemus feed upon a vine that climbs upon very lofty trees, and that
they wound the bark of the vine and extract the juice, the vine
being full of a fluid as tasteless and limpid as water; and the
natives when travelling in the wood, cut it off" and drink the juices
when no water can be easily obtained.

The males of these as well as of the other gigantic Goliath beetles
are found by Dr. Savage to be much more numerous than the
females. Every practical collector knows that this is the case with
the common Melolonthse and other species, which, like the Goliath
beetles, are chiefly taken on the wing. With respect to the geo-
graphical distribution of these fine insects, Dr. Savage observed

GOLIATH BEETLES, FUOM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA. 133

that " the black shouldered G. cacicus abounds on the grain and
ivory coasts, and many specimens have been procured at Cape
Pahuas. When in good condition the black patch is always more
or less conspicuous on the shoulder of each elytron in this species,
and is never replaced by the pearly white colour which appears on
that part in Voet's figure and description ; hence it still remains
uncertain whether Voet's Cacicus ingens be a distinct species, or
merely an accidental variety of the black shouldered species. The
latter inhabits a tree that grows to the height of thirty or forty
feet, with a diameter of six or eight inches, and can be taken in
great numbers in the months of December, January and Februai-y,
when the tree renews its blossoms and leaves. The insects are
roasted and eaten by the natives, who say that they are very fat and
sweet. Dr. Savage thinks that the Gold Coast, or rather the
interior of Guinea, will be found to be the proper locality for
Herjemon^ Drurii. It is probable that Hegemon Goliatus may be
obtained nearer the line, and particularly back of the Gaboon.
Mecynorhina torquata is found at Cape Palmas, where many have
been obtained within a few years. The tree upon which they live
is supposed by Dr. Harris to be a species of Acacia. Dicronorhina
micans has been taken at Cape Palmas also, but seems to be rare
on that part of the coast.

It appears from the observations of Dr. Harris that " the food
of the Goliath Beetles is fluid, like that of the Trichii and Cetonics,
insects belonging to the same natural family, but the latter live
chiefly on the nectar of flowers, and the former on the sap of
plants. The long brushes on their jaws (maxillae), and the diverg-
ing rows of hairs that line their lower lips, are admirably fitted for
absorbing liquid food, while their horny teeth afford these beetles
additional means of obtaining it from the leaves and juicy stems of
plants, when the blossoms have disappeared. Thus every new dis-
covery in natural history, even when least expected, serves to
increase the evidence of skilful contrivance and perfect adaptation
of structure in all organized beings." f

* Dr. Harris proposes to restore the name Goliatus, as originally proposed by Linozeus
to designate the species, and to replace it, for the genus, by the name of Hegemon.

+ Harris in op. cit. supra. It would be interesting to learn whether any and what distinc-
tion of natural habits exist between those Goliath Beetles which possess corneous dentated
mandibles, and those which have them formed of a slender horny blade.

134 GOLIATH BEETLES, FROM TROPICAL WESTERN AFRICA.

CERATORHINA (CCELORHINA) AURATA $, Westw.
(Plate 81, fig. 3.)

In the former volume of this work (i. p. 180) I described an
insect from the collection of J. Turner, Esq., of Manchester, under
this name, being at the time acquainted only with the female.
Recently I have observed the male of this insect in the collection
of A. Melly, Esq., and Dr. Savage has forwarded specimens of
both sexes to the Rev. F. W. Hope from Cape Palmas. The male
is accordingly now represented, in order to render the illustrations
of the species complete. It measures (including the frontal horn)
14 lines in length, and agrees in colour and general character with
the female. The front of the head is, however, produced and
square, with the sides and middle rather elevated, and furnished
with a rather short horn in the middle of the anterior margin, the
extremity of which is greatly dilated and pointed at the sides.
The disc of the head is hollowed out, its basal portion extending
over the impression, and deeply emarginate, the lateral angles
forming two points in advance of the eyes. The fore legs are
rather long, with the tibiae unarmed on the outer edge, but the
inner edge is very finely serrated (although not perceptibly so
unless seen under a lens) ; the middle and hind tibiae are also
unarmed, and the abdomen is longitudinally channelled down the
middle. The mando of the male is simple, and that of the female
armed with a horny spine.

135

PLATES LXXXII and LXXXIII.

FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF
AUSTRALIA.

The Rev. F. W. Hope having, since his return from Italy, placed
at my disposal his collection of Thynnida?, containing several species,
of which he had acquired both sexes from W. S. MacLeay and
C. D. E. Fortnum, Esqrs., I am induced to add figures of these and
some other allied insects to my previous illustrations, our knowledge
of the true arrangement of this family depending so greatly upon
the determination of the sexes of the different species.

THYNNUS LEACHIELLUS, Westw.
Plate 77, fig. 1 $. (T. interruptus.) Plate 83, fig. 4 $.

Both sexes of this species having been received by Mr. Hope
from Mr. MacLeay, the female is now represented. In several
respects it differs from the females of the more typical species ; but
as these differences appear to be of no higher than specific value,
it is unnecessary at present to establish a separate subgenus for its
reception. The female is black varied with yellow, the head black
and shining, of nearly equal breadth with the prothorax ; it has on
each side a deep longitudinal impression, extending from the base
of the antennae to the back part of the head, leaving the middle of
the face much elevated. These impressions are smooth, but the rest
of the head is punctured. The antennae are black, the mandibles
pitchy and entire, with the tips black. The lower parts of the
mouth are minute, the palpi of the maxillae almost obsolete and
apparently two-jointed (fig. 4 a), and those of the labium rather
larger and three-jointed (fig. 4 b). The prothorax is smooth,
polished, and nearly flat on its upper side, being almost entirely,
except along its posterior margin, occupied by a broad yellow fascia,
bearing a short brown line in the middle ; the mesothorax is short,
narrow, and yellow, and the raetathorax black, nearly as broad as
the prothorax, angulated at the sides, and with the posterior extre-
mity transversely deflexed. The legs are black, with the articula-
tions pitchy and the tarsi paler. The fore tarsi are densely spinose,
the middle tibiae thick and also setose, the setae mixed with short
spines, and the hind tarsi long, slender, and very setose. The

136 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF

abdomen is large and convex, the basal segment with a yellow
fascia before the extremity, and behind the fascia marked with two
slender elevated carinated strise. The second segment is large,
with a yellow fascia, and with the entire surface marked with four-
teen or fifteen transverse elevated carinated striae. The third and
fourth segments are black and polished, the third with a slender
pale yellow fascia, dilated into a round yellow spot at each side,
and the fourth with a rather broader fascia, interrupted in the
middle, and also dilated at the sides; the fifth segment is very
deeply emarginate above for the reception of the sixth segment,
which is very delicately transversely streaked at the base and sides,
the extremity forming a thick truncated anal appendage (fig. 4 c,
4 fZ), rounded beneath, where it is marked by a semicircular impres-
sion. The abdomen beneath is entire, with the fifth segment longi-
tudinally striated. The length of the female is nearly six lines.
The specimen of the male sent by Mr. MacLeay with this female
is smaller than my individual, measuring only 10| lines in length,
and having the head and thorax more coated with fine short hairs,
my specimen having been injured by the attacks of insects.

Mr. MacLeay has forwarded this species under the name of T.
interruptus^ Leach, being the same name as is applied to the male
in the British Museum collection, and which was thence adopted
by me in p. 115. As, however, Dr. Klug has described a species
from Southern Brazil with the same name, I have been compelled
to give it a new specific denomination.

THYNNUS SHUCKARDI, GuMn.
(Mater, s. 1. Thynnides, Mag. de Zool. 1842, pi. 100, fig. 13 ^. T. ferrugineus, Leach MSS.)

The male of this insect having been described and figured by M.
Guerin Meneville, in the Magasin de Zoologie for 1842, I have
not thought it necessary to refigure it ; but as Mr. Hope has
received both sexes from Mr. MacLeay, I have figured the female,
and added M. Guerin's description of the male, which is as follows : —

Male. — " Noir chaperon et'^base des mandibules jaunes, tete et
abdomen [thorax*] converts d'un duvet jaune tres-dense et a reflets
dores soyeux. Dessus de I'abdomen d'un jaune ferrugineux, plus
pale a la base avec la plaque inferieure du dernier segment tres-
saillante en arriere lanceolee, striee transversalement et terminee

* I presume that M. Guerin has made a mistake, by describing the abdomen instead of the
thorax as covered with down, the abdomen being naked in the section of the genus to which
T. Shuekardi belongs.

THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OP AUSTRALIA. 137

par une epine aigue et un peu arqu^e en haut. Ailes jaunes trans-
parentes h base, et nervures brunes. Antennes, pattes et dessous
du corps noirs, avec un faible duvet gris-jaunatre. Long. 26 mill.
[13 lin.] Hab. la Nouvelle Hollande."*

Female. — (PI. 83, fig. 5.) The specimen of this sex sent by Mr.
MacLeay in company with the male, is seven lines long, and of a
chesnut colour. The head is convex and punctured, slightly broader
than the prothorax ; the antennas chesnut-brown, the clypeus
truncate in front, the labrum short and strongly ciliated (fig. 5 a),
the mandibles are large, sickle-shaped, and entire, chesnut coloured,
with the tips black and furnished with long hairs on the outer
margin of the under side ; the maxillse (fig. 5 b) are small and the
maxillary palpi almost rudimental, the mentum also small and
furnished with minute 3-jointed palpi (fig. 5 c). The prothorax
is almost flat above, and nearly transversely quadrate, with a row of
strong punctures along its fore margin ; the meso and metathorax
are more punctured, the latter with the sides obtusely angulated,
and its hind part not so suddenly and transversely deflexed as in
the preceding species ; the femora are black, the tibiae (especially
the fore pair) more pitchy, and the tarsi pitchy and very setose ; in
their structure they agree with the preceding species. The abdo-
men is large, oval, and convex, the basal segment rugose, with a
carinated transverse stria near the apical margin ; the following
segment is large, with seven or eight carinated transverse striae
across it, the posterior ones being wider apart ; the third segment
is irregularly punctured, as is also the 4th on its posterior margin,
where it is furnished with irregular gray hairs ; the fifth segment is
deeply emarginate for the reception of the anal segment, which is
contracted at its base and dilated into a flattened truncated
terminal plate, with a minute tooth on each side above and a waved
slit below, whence the exserted aculeus and its appendages are
emitted ; the sides of the preceding segment are furnished with
long golden-coloured setse ; the entire body is black beneath, the
abdomen entire, and punctate, and the fifth segment irregularly but
transversely rugose.

* The following are the characters of a species iu my collection closely allied to T.
Shuckardi : —

Thynnus Guerinii, Westw. Niger, capite et pro- et mesothorace aurotomentosis^
metathorace griseo piloso, clypeo et mandibulis flavis ; abdomine Isevi nitido supra fulvo-
brunneo basi pallidiori, subtus nigro, brunneo vario, spina apicali lanceolata, basi utrinque
angulata apiceque acuto instructo, alis (lavidis anticis basi fuscis venis stigmatcque nigricantibus,
femoribus nigris tibiis tarsisque piceo-brunneis. Long. Corp. lin. 12. Expans. alar, lin, 23,
Habitat King George's Sound. Mus. Westw.

138 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF

THYNNUS (THYNNOIDES) OBSCURUS, Klug.
(Ueber Thynnus F. p. 22, PI. annex, fig. 4 <? .)

The male of this species having been described and figured by
Dr. Klug, the opposite sex only is here represented ; both sexes
having been forwarded to Mr. Hope by Mr. MacLeay, under the
name of T. nasutus Mc. L.

The male is described as follows by Dr. Klug : —

Th. fusco-niger albido villosus, pedibus brunneis. Mas. Long. lin. 10.

Ubique dense punctatus. Clypeus porrectus dorso convexus, carinatus apice truncatus, flavo mar-
ginatus. Mandibulse flavse marginibus apiceque nigris. Antennae abdomine vix breviores.
Prothorax apice membranaceus pallidus, tegulse apice testacese. Caput antice, gense, pectus,
metathorax, latera abdominis dense albo villosa. Alae infuscatae, nervis stigmateque nigris.
Pedes brunnei, coxis, tarsis, anticorum femoribus basi nigris ; abdominis segmentiim dorsale
ultimum dorso impressum ; spina in abdominis apice porrecta lanceolata acuta incurva, basi
utrinque obsolete tuberculata.

This sex, which I have received from Mr. Curtis, differs from the
males of the other Thynnoides in not having the anterior coxae
dilated and cup-shaped.

The female (Plate 82, fig. 2,) partakes of the obscure and seri-
ceous appearance of the male, being black, with a slight pitchy
tinge, the head convex and extremely delicately punctured, the
punctation being visible only with a lens, the clypeus short and
truncate at the tip, the mandibles reddish, with the tips black, the
antennae pitchy, the maxillary palpi (fig. 2 a) almost obsolete, the
labial palpi (fig. 2 b) longer and S-jointed. The thorax is black
and finely punctured, the hind margin of the prothorax membranous
and pitchy, the legs pitchy brown and thickly setose ; the abdomen is
large and convex, the first segment widely punctured, with a single
carinated stria near the hinder margin, the second segment large and
transversely marked with about seven carinated striae, the third
segment is very finely punctured, and divided transversely into two
parts by an impressed line ; the hind part of this and the following
segments clothed with very fine gray down. The anal segment
(fig. 2 c, 2 (^) is deflexed, oval-truncate, and longitudinally striated,
with the aculeus exserted and directed downwards ; the basal
segment beneath is angulated. The body beneath is black, with a
gray sericeous coating, and with the fifth segment very thickly
punctate. The specimen of the female sent by Mr. MacLeay is
six lines long.

THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA. 139

THYNNUS (THYNNOIDES) GRACILIS, Westw.

(Plate 83, fig. 2, 3.)

(J Th. elongatus, totus niger, albo-setosus, alis hyaliais apicibus obscurioribus, coxis anticis sub-

cochleatis.
Long. Corp. lin. 8. Expans. ahar. lin. 14.

$ piceo-nigra, griseo-setosa, abdomine nigricanti, segmeutis posticis postice punctatis.
Long. Corp. lin. 5.
Habitat prope Portum AdelaiJjE. D. Fortnutn. Mus. D. Hope.

The nicale of this species (fig. 2) is of a more attenuated form
than in the other Thynnoides. It is uniformly of a black colour,
and clothed with silvery white hairs on the under-side of the body
and legs. The head is transverse, black, and punctured with a
tubercle between the eyes, at the sides of which the antennae are
placed, a slender, straight, polished line running down it and the
clypeus, which is considerably produced, convex, punctured, with
the extreme lateral edges whitish ; the mandibles and palpi are
black, the antennae rather slender, and about the length of the
abdomen ; the thorax is black and punctured, the anterior lateral
angles of the prothoracic collar are angularly prominent. The
mesothorax is marked on each side with two impressed lines near
the tegulse, and within these are two abbreviated impressions, not
extending to the anterior margin ; the tegulee are black. The
abdomen is black, with the segments slightly constricted, each
with a strong transverse impression across the base, and with a
semicircular prominence on each side beyond the middle. The
seventh segment is furnished with a small, circular, and rather
deep impression near its extremity above, and with a minute
tubercle on each side (fig. 2 a, 2 b), and the extremity of the abdo-
men is armed with a slender spine, the tip of which is suddenly
attenuated. The legs are slender, black, and clothed with grayish
white hairs; the anterior coxae are dilated and slightly excavated.
The abdomen beneath is strongly punctured ; the anterior and
second segment not angulated nor tuberculated in the middle, but
the second and three following segments have on each side, towards
the posterior margin, a very slight conical protuberance, with a
slightly elevated line extending between them. The wings are
hyaline, with the tips dusky, more especially at the extremity of
the marginal cell.

The female (pi. 83, fig. 3) is also rather more slender than those
of the preceding species ; it is of a pitchy black colour, the abdo-
men being blacker than the rest of the body. The head is broader

140 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF

than the prothorax, and nearly rounded, convex, remotely punc-
tated, and sparingly furnished with gray hairs ; the mandibles
pitchy, with the tips black ; the antennae obscure pitchy. The
prothorax is smooth and polished, with a row of setigerous punc-
tures in front. The meso and metathorax are punctured, the
latter with the hind part obliquely truncate. The abdomen
is elongate cylindric, with the ends rounded, the basal segment
deeply but remotely punctured with a transverse carinated stria,
at a little distance preceding the hind margin, the space between
these being delicately rugose ; the second segment has one of these
carinated striae at a little distance from the base, and another at
the like distance from the hind margin, the intervening space
occupied by five curved striae ; the third segment has also one of
these striae near its base, the space between it and the hinder
margin thickly punctate ; the basal half of the two next segments
is smooth, and the hind half punctured ; the fifth segment is
thickly setose, and the sixth forms a porrected deflexed anal
appendage, dilated in the middle (fig. Sa,ob). The legs are pitchy
and setose ; the middle and hind tibiae also armed with minute
spines on the outer edge. The body beneath is pitchy ; the abdo-
men entire beneath, with the first and second and the posterior
half of the following segments thickly punctured.

THYNNUS KLUGII, Hope MS.
(Plate 82, fig. 1.)

T. niger subtus argenteo-sericeus, clypeo et collare fulvis, scutello elevato pedibusque brunneis,

metathorace et abdominis basi griseo lanato ; alis fulvis veuis brunneis ^ .
Long. Corp. lin. 18. Expans. alar. lin. 32.
Habitat Swan River. D. Roe. Mus. Hope et Brit.

This fine species, by far the largest in the family, has been
appropriately named by the Rev. F. W. Hope, in honour of Dr.
Klug.

The head is black and delicately punctured, rather depressed on
each side, between the ocelli and eyes, the front of the head
furnished with a broad tubercle, at the sides of which the antennae
are affixed ; these have the basal-joint pitchy and the remainder
black, and with the apical joints attenuated to a point ; the clypeus
is prominent and convex, nearly truncate at its extremity, and con-
cealing the lab rum, and is fulvous ; the sides of the face above
the mandibles (fig. 1 a) are thickly coated with fine silvery hairs,
the mandibles are robust and fulvous brown, with the tips and

THE THYNNIDROUS INSECTS OF AUSTBAf.IA. 141

inner margin black ; they are furnished near the base beneath with
a strontj brush of fulvous hairs, the inferior parts of the mouth and
tlie palpi are fulvous, the head beneath is black and thickly setose.
The prothorax is dark fulvous, with the anterior margin prominent
on each side, the tegulse are fulvous, the mesonotum is black, with
the lateral margins rather elevated and two impressed longitudinal
lines coated with short fulvous down ; the scutellum is brunneous
and elevated in the middle into two slightly conical tubercles, the
metanotum is black, minutely punctured and densely clothed with
fine gray hairs. The abdomen is nearly as long as, but narrower
than, the head and thorax, it is elongate-ovate, convex above, black,
shining, and scarcely punctate, the basal joint rather abruptly
deflexed to the place of its insertion, and with a brush of gray hairs
on each side ; the seventh segment is abruptly deflexed, striated and
truncated, the last ventral segment terminated in an obtuse deflexed
and curved point (fig. 1 i, 1 c). The femora and tibiae are dark
chesnut, the posterior pair of the former angulated in the middle of
the hind margin and terminated below in a spine ; the tarsi are
paler, the posterior pair being twice as long as the tibiae, the basal
joint of the anterior tarsi is coated with short silver gray hair on
its outer edge. The wings are large and stained deep yellow, with
brown veins and stigmata ; the supplemental vein in the first sub-
marginal cell is very slender ; the body beneath is black, finely
punctured and thickly pubescent ; the anterior coxae and the bifid
point of the mesosternum brunneous ; the latter is marked with
three longitudinal impressed lines, which do not reach the anterior
margin.

THYNNUS GRAVIDUS, Westw.
(Plate 82, fig. 3.)

5 Th. niger, antennis mandibulis prothorace scutello pedibusque rufo-rastaneis, abdomine

tnaximo flavo fasciato. Long. Corp. lin. 14.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia. Mus. Hope.

The large size of this insect, together with its peculiar colouring
and the structure of its hind femora, induce me to think it probable
that it may be the female of Th. Klugii.

The head is small, black, and convex above, the sides and hind
margin being nearly straight, with the angles rounded off": it is
thickly punctated, especially in front where it is produced into a
bifid tubercle, at the sides of which the antennae are inserted ; these,
judging from the two basal joints, are fulvous brown, as is also the

142 FURTHER ILLUSTRATIONS OF

very short clypeus, and the broad but entire mandibles, of which
the tips are black, and the under-side furnished with long hairs
(fig. 3 a) ; the labrum is short, exposed and setose ; the maxillary
palpi are very small, but they consist of six joints (fig. 3 5, 8 c);
the labial palpi are also minute, but they are four-jointed (fig. 8 d,
8 e) ; the prothorax is large and quadrate, being broader than
the head, with the posterior portion rather narrowed ; it is finely
punctured and has a circular impression on each side, which may,
however, possibly be accidental ; the mesothorax is small and
chesnut-red, and the metathorax black and punctated, with the
lateral angles rounded off: The abdomen is very large, and semi-
cylindrical, the first and second segments being destitute of gloss
and very finely rugose, and the remaining segments glossy and
impunctate ; the anterior segment is yellow above, with several
black dots on the deflexed basal part, and the hind margin is also
black ; the second segment has the anterior and posterior margin
black, and of equal breadth ; the following joints are also similarly
coloured, but the black basal part is much broader than the
posterior margin ; the sides of the intermediate segments are
also dotted with black ; the fifth segment is nearly as large as the
preceding and not emarginate at its hinder edge ; the terminal
segment is entirely black, thick, convex above, truncated at the
extremity, with the sides slightly striated (8/, 8^). The abdomen
beneath is pitchy, varied with obscure red, the fourth segment
having two transverse marks of this colour ; the first segment is
angulated at its base. The legs are chesnut-red ; the anterior
short, with the spur at the extremity of the tibise half as long as
the tarsi ; the basal joint of the tarsi, on the outer edge, spinose ;
the posterior femora are emarginate on the hinder edge, beyond
the middle, and the posterior tarsi are twice as long as the
tibise.

The six-jointed maxillary and four-jointed labial palpi, together
with the strong spur of the fore-feet, the character of the second
segment of the abdomen, and the notched posterior femora,
are characters which do not occur in the females of the typical
Thynni. I cannot, however, regard them as of higher value
than specific, considering that the true character of the females
of the genus Thynnus consists in the rudimental size of the palpi,
and which is not overbalanced by their possessing the typical
number of joints.

THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OK AUSTRALIA, 143

THYNNUS PURPURIPENNIS, Westw.

(Plate 83, fig. 1.)

Th. iiiger nitidus griseo parnm setosus, abdoinine clongato subdepresso, alis nigricantibus
purpureo-nitidis.

Long. Corp. lin. 12. Expans. alar. lin. 20.

Habitat in Nova Holland. Mus. D. Turner.

This very distinct species is entirely of a black colour, more or
less clothed with fine silvery pubescence, especially on the under
side of the body and face. It is of a long and narrow form,
almost approaching that of the males of Rhagigaster. The head
is strongly punctured with a wide but slight tubercle in front, at
the sides of which the antennse are placed ; the clypeus is long
and truncate, concealing the labrum ; and the mandibles are
curved, rather slender, and with a tooth within near the tip,
clothed on the under-side with long slender hairs ; the antennse are
slender, pointed at the tips, and scarcely longer than the thorax ;
the maxillary palpi are six- and the labial four-jointed. The
thorax is finely punctate ; the scutellum convex and slightly
elevated, and the metathorax elongated. The abdomen is long
and sub-depressed, each segment (except the first and last) with a
rather deep transverse impression across the base, and with the
lateral portion of each towards the hind margin more convex,
so as to render each segment more convex just preceding the
posterior margin. The sixth segment is armed with a small
tooth on each side at the extremity, and the anal segment is ter-
minated by an obconical, flattened horn, finely pointed at its tip
(fig. I b,l c); the wings are black, with a fine purple gloss, and
the tips rather lighter coloured. The legs are black ; the inter-
mediate segments of the abdomen beneath are marked with a
transverse slender impressed line near the base.

ENTELES, Westw.

Subgenus novum characteribus foemineis adhuc tantum distinguendum, Thynnis typicalibus
valde affine sed palpis perfectis gaudens.

Caput mediocre subquadratnm convexum ; mandibulae integrse curvatas imberbes. Labrum
clypeo baud absconditum (fig. 4 a). Maxillae (fig. 4 b) perfectac palpis formoe ordinarise
6-articulatis. Mentum elongatum (fig. 4 c) basi attenuatum supra longitudinaliter cari-
natum, labio onmino retracto, palpis labialibus perfectis 4-articulatis. Thorax tripartitus
apterus. Abdomen magnum convexum, segmento sccundo supra striolato apicali obtuse
truucato (figs. 4 rf, 4 e). Pedes robusti setosi fossorii unguibus apice bifidis.

144 FITRTHRK ILLUSTRATIONS OF

Species Unica. ENTELES BICOLOR, fVeslw.

(Plate 82, fig. 1.)

Th. (Ent.) niger, tnandibulis tliorace et pedibus rufis $. Long. corp. fere lin. 4.
Habitat King George's Sound. Mus. Westwood.

The head is black and punctured; the mandibles red, and not
bearded beneath : they are entire along the inner margin. The
antennae are short and black ; the thorax is strongly punctured
above, as is also the abdomen, which is entirely black, except the
terminal deflexed segment, which is pitchy-red at its extremity.
All the segments have a carinated stria across, near the hinder
margin, and the second segment is also marked with five or six
similar striae across its disc. The apical segment is obtusely trun-
cate, deflexed, and longitudinally striated, emitting the aculeus
from its lower extremity. The legs are red, robust, and apparently
formed for burrowing.

EIRONE, Westw.

Mas, alatus. Labrum ciliatum clypeo baud absconditum. Mandibulse intus dente subapicali
instructse (pi. 82, fig. 5 a). Maxillae, lobo apicali in duas partes baud diviso, palpi perfecti
6-articulati (fig. 5 b). Palpi labiales,4-articulati articulis sensim decrescentibus (fig. 5 c)
abdomen elongato-ovatum apice integrum baud spinosum (fig. 5 e). Alarum vense nt in
Thyuois dispositae vena spuria in cellula Ima submarginali fere obliterata. Pedes graciles
unguibus apice bifidis (fig. 5 rf).

Foemina, aptera. Caput oblongum planum ; oculi laterales, fere ad angulos anticos positi.
Ocelli O. Antennae fere in margine antico capitis affixae (fig. 6 a) convoluta;. Labrum
clypeo baud absconditum setosum. Mandibulae (fig. 6 a) dente interne fere ad apicem
instructse, parum curvatse et vix setosae. Maxillae parvae palpis gracilibus 4-articulatis
articulo Imo minimo (fig. 6 b), Mentum ovale compressum. Labium omnino retractum,
palpi labiales 4-articulati (fig. 6 c) articulo ultimo longiori. Thorax depressus oblongus
■ 3-partitU8, mesotborace parvo ; abdomen elongatum depressum apice aculeo exserto
instructum (figs. 6/, 6^). Pedes ut videtur fossorii, tibiis anticis crassis bicalcaiatis
tarsi antici articulo basali curvato curvatura serie spinularum depressarum instructa
(fig. 6 d). Ungues basi dilatati (fig. 6 e).

Species Unica. EIRONE DISPAR, Westw.

(Plate 82, figs. 5^,6 $.)

Mas. E. Niger nitidus punctatus alls limpidis. Long. corp. lin. 4'|. Expans. alar. lin. 7.
Posmina. Fulvescens tenuissime punctata. Long. corp. lin. 2^.

The great diversity between the two insects represented in
Plate 82, figures 5 and 6, and the similarity of the winged indi-
vidual to the male Thynni, and of the apterous one to the genus
Scleroderma, would have made me hesitate in publishing them as
the sexes of one species, were I not convinced that entire reliance
might be placed on the observations of Mr. Fortnum, by whom
they were collected at Adelaide, in Southern Australia, and for-
warded to Mr. Hope, during the present year.

THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA. 145

The male (pi. 82, f. 5) is entirely black and slightly clothed with
^rey hairs, the head is nearly round and strongly punctured ; the
clypeus but slightly porrected ; the labrum pitchy and setose ; the
mandibles are pitchy red, with the base and apex black ; the thorax
is oblong, truncated in front and rounded at the metathorax ; the
pro- and mesothorax are regularly punctured, but the metathorax is
very delicately rugose. The abdomen is sub-depressed, fusiform and
thickly punctured, especially at the base of the segments, the basal
segment with a deep longitudinal impressed line : the three following
segments are marked with a rather deep transverse impression
across the base, and have a slightly raised space on each side, near
the hind margin ; the extremity is destitute of spines or tubercles,
the under side is also simple and thickly punctured ; the legs and
antennse are slender and black, and the hyaline wings, nearly
colourless, but strongly iridescent, with the veins and stigma black.

The female (pi. 82, f. 6) is entirely fulvous, the fifth segment of the
abdomen alone being of a darker colour; the whole surface of the body
is remotely punctured, the punctures being oblong, but minute ; the
head is oblong and depressed, with a slight longitudinal impression
in front, extending to the bifid projection at the sides of which
the antennse are placed ; the mandibles, unlike those of Sclero-
derma, are curved and acutely pointed at the tips, with a small tooth
on each side, near the extremity ; the thorax is rather longer than
the head, the mesothorax being the widest part, the sides of which
are swollen ; the metathorax is narrowest at the base, and rather
slanting. The abdomen is long, entire and uniform, the second
segment exhibiting none of the peculiarities of the true Thynni : the
legs are short, the posterior femora and tibiae dilated, the latter
furnished on the outer margin with short strong setse, thus differing
entirely from the feet of the Sclerodermse, which are not fossorial.

The plant represented in Plate 83 is the Australian Tetratheca
Thymifolia of Smith.

In addition to the various memoirs upon the Thynnides noticed
in the previous pages of this work, I have to add that Dr. Erichson,
in his Memoir on the Insects of Van Diemen's Land, published in
the Archiv. fur Naturgeschichte for 1842, has described four
additional species of Thynnus, together with a new genus named
Ariphron, founded -upon an apterous female closely allied to

NO. XXII. — 15^ NOVEMBER, 1844. ■ L

146 THE THYNNIDEOUS INSECTS OF AUSTRALIA.

Thynnus, but having the head twice as broad as the thorax (which
is tripartite), the sides of the mesothorax furnished " processu
alaeformi") ; the maxillary palpi 6-jointed, with the joints subsequal,
and the tarsal ungues simple. The type A. bicolor is 5 lines long.
The following is its specific character given by Dr. Erichson,
together also with those of his four species of Thynnus : —

Ariphron hicolor. — Riifus, capite piceo, abdomine nigro apice rufo. Long. 5 lin.

Thynnus Olivieri. — Mas.; niger, pedibus rufis, tborace supra fulvo villoso, abdomine
supra 4 — , infra bifariam flavo-maculato.

Fem. — Rufa, capite subgloboso thoraceque imtnaculatis abdomine piceo, segmentis 1 — 5.
4-fariam flavo-maculatis, 1. Isevissimo. Long. 7^ lin.

Thynnus senilis. — Niger, albido-villosus pedibus concoloribus, clypeo flavo. (Mas.)
Long. 5i— 7|lin.

Thynnus fervidits. — Niger, clypeo, mandibulis scutelloque flavis, thorace rufo-vario,
abdomine pedibusque rufis. (Mas.) Long. 6^ lin.

Thynnus humilis. — Niger, cinereo-hirtellus mandibulis testaceis abdominis segmentis
exolete flavo-marginatis, secundo transversim bicarinato. (Fem.) Long. 3g lin.

147

PLATES LXXXIV, LXXXV, and LXXXVI.

ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES OF LONGICORN BEETLES.

Previous to entering upon the descriptions of the species of
Longicorn beetles, represented in the accompanying plates, it is
proper to make the following observations, with reference to some
of the other Longicorns figured in the three plates already
devoted to that family in the present volume.

LAMIA OBESA.

(Plate 64, fig. 5.)
Tliis insect, I am informed by M. C. Sommer, Esq., of Altona, is known in the continental
collections under the name of Phryneta Dregei.— Klug MSS. As, however, no descrip-
tion of the insect had been published, it was impossible for me to have the least idea of
Its identity with my species, especially as it is given in Dejean's Catalogue as a native of
the Cape of Good Hope. The characters of the genus Phryneta are given in the Histoire
Naturelle des Insectes Coleopteres of the Count de Castelnau, vol. 2, p. 477.

LAMIA PAL I NIL

(Plate 74, fig. 2.)
This species appears to me to be identical with the Lamia principalis of Dalmau. Schonh. Syn.
Ins. 1., pt. 3, App. p. 162. Mr. Hope has recently received a specimen of it from
Cape Palmas.

LAMIA COMES.
(Plate 78, fig. 1.)

Is identical with Lamia cornutor Fabr., the typical specimen of which, described by Fabricius,
is still preserved in the Cabinet of the British Museum. It is a male— that represented
in my plate being a female. The locality given by Fabricius of " America " is evidently
erroneous, the group to which it belongs being confined to the African continent.
M. Dupont is unfortunately unacquainted with the locality of his specimen, it being
marked in his collection, Madagascar, with a point of doubt.

Syn. Lamia cornutor, Fabricius. S. Ent. p. 178. Ent. Svst. I, pt. 2, p. 292. Olivier
Entomol. 4. Ceramb. pi. 17, p. 132.

LAMIA PRINCEPS.
(Plate 78, fig. 2.)
Is referred by M. Dupont to the genus Zoographus Dejean, described by Laporte de Castelnau
in the Hist. Nat. Ins. Col. 2, p. 473, but without any notice of the structure of the
■ sterna, which forms the chief character of the group.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) NORRISII. Westw.

(Trans. Ent. Soc, vol. 1, p. 148, pi. xv. A. Plate 84, fig. 1, and details.)

L. supra opaca nigro-fuliginosa, elytris postice flavo-cinctis, antennis subtus pedibusque

hirsutie opalina indutis.
Long. Corp. unc. If. Long, antenn. unc. 3f (art. ult. unc. 1^).
Habitat apud Sierram Leonam. In Mus. D. Norris.

The head is black, with the sides behind the eyes of an opaline
green colour; the antennae are very long, 11-jointed, and black,

l2

148 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES

with the underside tinged with opahne green. The mandibles
are large, and furnished with an angular tubercle near the base
on the outside ; they are black, with the disc opaline green, which
is also the colour of the upper lip and palpi. The prothorax is
black, with the disk irregular, being marked with two transverse
impressions. The scutellum and elytra are black ; the latter
with the shoulders rather rounded (not obliquely truncate), and
the outer margins beyond the middle coloured yellow, dilated
towards the apex. The abdomen is golden-coloured above, and
black beneath, except the two basal segments, which are yellow.
The prosternum is rather prominent and dilated, sub-truncated,
(fig. 1 d,) and the mesosternal process is also slightly prominent
and rounded in front. The underside of the whole of the thorax
is yellow ; the legs are black, the upper side of an opaline green,
and the under side of the coxse and femora yellow.

Notwithstanding the great length of the antennae, and especially
of the last joint of those organs, in the unique specimen hitherto
known of this species, indicating the male sex, the slight toothing
of the mandibles, and moderate size of the sternal processes, are
remarkable. (Fig. 1 a, the head, seen in front ; 1 5, the same,
sideways ; 1 c, the thorax beneath.)

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) CRUX NIGRA. Hope.

(Trans. Zool. Soc. 1, p. 104, pi. xv. fig. 2. Plate 85, fig. 4.)

L. straminea ; thorace nigro, vittis tribus luteis ; elytris macula cruciformi nigra alterisque

duabus rotundatis aurantiis.
Long. Corp. lin. 11. Lat. 4.
Habitat in Sierra Leone, D. Palin. In Mus. D. Hope.

This lovely species has the antennae very long, and 11-jointed,
the terminal joint being but moderately elongated ; they are black
above, and light greenish grey beneath. The head is black, varied
with luteous, and with two golden-coloured spots beneath the
eyes. The thorax is black, with a golden-coloured spot on each
side, and a central and two lateral luteous vittae, the dorsal one
being interrupted in front, and ending before the scutellum, which
is concolorous. The elytra are pale straw-coloured, variegated
with lemon and dark and light orange tints, and marked with
a large black (St. Andrew's) cross, having two red and two pale
buff spots. The body beneath is unicolorous ; and the feet are
black above, and grey beneath.

OP LONGICORN BEEILES. 119

LAMIA. (STERNOTOMIS) IMPERIALIS. Fab.
(Plate 86, fig. 3.)

L. thorace spinoso, ferrugineo villosa, viridi-fasciata ; antennis longb atris, capite villoso ferru -
gineo obscure liiieato, orbita oculoruni viridi, tliorace stiifia media inipressa fasciaque postica
viridi ; clytris villoso fenugineis fasciis duabus, anteriore rciUa, media e maculis tribiis
quadratis coiicatenatis, ])unctoque postico, viiidibus ; pedibus ferrugineia.

Syn. Lamia imperialis, Fabricius ; Svst. Eleuth. 2, p. 286.

Cerambyx luteo-obscurus, Voet, Col. Ed. Panz. iii, p. 20. 19. tab. 7. f. 19.
Cerambyx ornalus, Olivier Entoraol. Ceramb. pi. 4, fig. 24 c.
Lamia bifasciana, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, p. 281.

Fabricius suggests that this insect may be a possible variety
(nuper declaratum) of his L. regahs; but that species is abundantly
distinct, not only in its markings, but also in its longitudinally
multi-striated elytra and the rounded humeral angles.

The Fabrician description abstracted above accords exactly with
a specimen from Guinea, received by the Rev. F. W, Hope from
Mr. Westermann, whose residence at Copenhagen enables him to
determine the identity of those Fabrician species which were
described, (as was the case with the one before us,) from the
collection of M. Sehestedt. This specimen is represented in my
pi. 86, fig. 3. Tt is a male, and has the mandibles armed with a
strong, rather deflexed spine in front near the base, the outside of
the mandibles being green, and the remainder black. The middle
of the face and labrum are fulvous, the former with two rather
broad green bars extending from the base of the antennas to the
mouth ; the sides of the head behind the eyes are also green ; there
is a diamond-shaped fulvous patch on the middle of the crown,
the hind part of the head being green ; the prothorax is fulvous,
with a slender green transverse fascia across the anterior part, and
the hind part of the prothorax, including the spaces behind the
lateral teeth, are also green. The humeral angles of the elytra
are very prominent, and angularly truncate ; the anterior green
fascia is, as it were, divided into two parts by a slaty-green stripe,
and the three green spots forming the central curved fascia are
margined with dark slaty green ; besides the spot in the middle
of each elytron towards the extremity, there is a little green patch
next the suture, which is itself also green. The feet are green,
with the undersides more golden.

I possess two beautiful varieties of this species, one in which the
green markings are of a bluer hue, and separated from each other
by, or margined with, black lines ; and the other in which the
ground colour of the insect is of a browner fulvous colour, and the

150 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES

green markings of a golden hue, destitute of the black or slate-
coloured edges. The feet are also of a more golden fulvous colour.
Both are females. The latter of these specimens was presented
to me by J. A . Turner, Esq., of Manchester.

The Fabrician L, bifasciata, described from the British Museum
cabinet, is identical with L. iraperialis. The locality of Jamaica
must therefore be considered as erroneous.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) MIRABILIS,

(Plate 86, fig. 5.)

L. thorace spinoso, nigra, elytris antice fasciis duabus, postice punctis, (8 vel 9 in singulo)

viridibus, elytris basi mucronatis.
Long. Corp. lin. 9 — 11.
Habitat the Gold Coast, Afr. tropic Occident.
Syn. Ceramhyx mirabilis, Drury 111. vol. 2, pi. 31, fig. 1. and Append, vol. 2.

Cerambyx pulcher, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, pt. 2, p. 269. Syst. Eleuth. 2 p. 285. Schon-

herr. Syn. Ins. I, part 3, p. 372. Olivier Entomol, Ceramb. pi. 22, fig. 167.
Sternodonta prasina, Hope MSS.

This handsome species is varied with black and sericeous green
or golden green colours, the latter forming very distinct marks.
The face is green, marked on each side with an oblique black line
from the base of the antennae to the base of the mandibles ; there
is also a black line extending from the under side of the eyes to
the sides of the mouth ; and also a narrow green fascia across
the crown of the head. The thorax is marked with three green
transverse fasciae, the middle one being the broadest and curved,
there being an additional slender abbreviated green fascia within
the open space formed by tliis curve ; there are also two green spots
behind the lateral teeth of the prothorax. The elytra are marked
at the base with a transverse green fascia, behind which is a rather
broader and more oblique one, slightly interrupted near the lateral
margins, and followed by about nine equi-distant and nearly equal
sized green patches, of which the two anterior and lateral, and the
two apical ones are sometimes more or less confluent ; the hinder
ones being more or less irregular. The male (represented in the
plate) differs from the female, in having a much broader head,
large dentated mandibles, and longer antennae, the tips of the joints
being more nodose.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) PULCHRA.

L. nigra thorace transverse fulvo trifasciato ; elytris fulvo maculatis et variegatis maculis

interdum viridi cinctis.
Syn. Ceramhyx pulcher, Drury 111. vol. 1, pi. 32, f. 6, App. C, vol. 2 ; nee Lamia
pulchra, Fabr.
Lamia blanda, Schonh. Syn. Ins. 1, iii., p. 373.

OF LONGICORN BEETLES. 151

Although Drury gives Jamaica as the habitat of this species,
there can, I apprehend, be very little doubt of its being a native of
Tropical Africa. Ho describes it thus : —

" Head orange-coloured, encircled with black stripes ; antennae
black, being a little longer than the insect ; thorax orange-
coloured, encircled with black rings, having a single spine on each
side ; elytra with orange-coloured clouds and spots on them
separated by black partitions, some being margined with green ;
abdomen orange-coloured, the middle being dirty green; femora
simple, dark green ; tibice the same." From Drury's figure it
appears very closely allied to L. mirabihs and ornata, if, indeed,
it be not a local variety of those insects.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) ORNATA.
L. nigra fasciis maculisque fulvo-aureis ; capitis thoracis et elytrorum niargine posteriori, parte-

que femorum superiore, viridi nitentibus.
SvN. L. ornata, Olivier Eiitomol. Ceramb., pi. 4, f. 24 a ; Pal. Beauv., pi. 37, f. 1.

All Ceramb. pulcher, Drury?

The description given by Olivier of his L. ornata from Africa,
is as follows, and very nearly accords with the figure given by
Druiy of the preceding insect : —

" Cer. regalis affinis. Corpus nigrum pulvere fulvo-aurato, fere
omnino tectum. Mandibulse magnse exsertse, basi et anterius
dente valido armatse, apice nigrse basi rufae medio virides. Lineis
duabus nigris ab oculis ad mandibulas. Oculi viride circurascripti
prsecipue postice. Thorax rufus, postice ad latera viridis fasciis
duabus nigris. Elytra rufa fasciis nigris numerosis anastomosan-
tibus viridi marginatis. Apex elytrorum et sutura postice viridia.
Corpus infra rufum carina abdominalis et pars superior femorum
virides, apophysis trapezoidalis (presternum) inter pedes anteriores."

The Rev. F. W. Hope possesses an old faded specimen from
Lee's Cabinet, labelled L. pulchra, which agrees with Olivier's
description and figure 24 a, and which might be regarded as a
specimen of L. mirabilis, in which nearly the whole of the green
markinofs had assumed a fulvous hue.

The insect represented in Plate 84, fig. 2 (not being in a fully
developed state), from the collection of M. Chevrolat, of Paris, is
regarded by that entomologist as a variety of L. ornata, in which
the fulvous colour of the type is replaced by pale buff, or straw
colour, and the black interstices are tinged with blue instead of
green. The body beneath is greatly varied with pale and dark

152 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES

buff, and with blue and black colours. The markings of the elytra
may be traced to those of L. ornata and its immediate allies, the
second fascia being more attenuated and interrupted than usual,
and the intermediate patches rather smaller than ordinary. It
was brought from Pauz Oasis by M. Cailleaux.

The insect represented in Plate 86, fig. 2, from the collection of
the late A. H. Haworth, Esq., appears to me to be another fine
variety of L. ornata, having the thorax and markings on the
elytra very pale buff; and the sides of the former, behind the
lateral spines, and the ground colour of the latter, of a bluish-
green colour ; the dark stripes separating the fasciae at the base
of the elytra being much reduced in breadth. Tiie specimen is a
male, having the mandibles dentated at the base, as in the other
allied insects. .

It appears also probable that the Cerambyx marmoratus of Voet
Coleopt. Ed. Panz. 3, p. 21, 20, pi. 7, fig. 20 (Lamia venditaria,
Sell. Syn. Ins. 1, pt. 3, p. 373), the locality of which was unknown,
is another variety of L. ornata. It is represented as of a fulvous
colour ; the thorax banded with black, and varied with greenish
at the sides, behind the lateral spines, and with the elytra varied
with numerous irregular black markings.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) AMABILIS, Hope MS.

(Plate 86, fig. 4.)
L, liumei'is elytrorum augulato-tnincatis, nigra viridi fulvoque tomentoso ornata; thorace

rufo-fulvo, postice viridi ; elytris fasciis maculisque rufo-fulvis argeuteo-viridibusqiie notatis.

Long Corp. lin. IL
Habitat Asbantee. In Mus. D. Hope.

This highly beautiful insect is most probably but one of the
varieties of the type of the genus which is distinguished by the
angulated shoulders of the elytra, all of which (including several
of the following insects) will ultimately, in all probability, be
determined to constitute one extremely variable species, the local
varieties of which preserve an uniformity in the distribution of
their colours. Thus, L. chrysopras, from Aquapim, has the
general colour dark fulvous, with a single green patch on the
elytra, and the other dark markings almost obliterated ; L.
ornata, in like manner, has but very little green colour visible ;
whilst L. mirabilis is entirely green and black. The chief charac-
teristic of all these varieties seems to be the three spots on the
middle of each elytron, arranged somewhat in a triangle ; and

OF LONGICORN BEETLES. 153

these we find also in L. iiuperialis and even in L. aper, in which the
basal fascise are but indistinctly marked.

The male of the insect now before us has the face fulvous- red in
the middle, with the lateral and hind parts, and the labrura,
green ; the prothorax is fulvous-red in fi'ont, and silvery-green
behind, the former part with three black, slender, transverse
fascise, the third being curved. The basal fascia of the elytra is
green ; the next one (interrupted near the sides) is also green,
but varied with fulvous ; the third is broad, lateral, and fulvous ;
the three central oval patches are distinct, the inner one green,
and the two outside ones fulvous ; the suture beyond these is also
marked with two silver-green patches, placed consecutively, the
second communicating with a small subapical angulated fulvous-
green spot, whicli is preceded by a large fulvous patch ; the spaces
between the fulvous lateral patches are also tinged with green ;
the femora and underside of the body are also green ; the middle
of the abdomen with a row of black spots.

The female is much more strongly marked with fulvous-red
colour, especially at the sides of the elytra, which are almost con-
colorous, the green being here restricted to the base and middle
portion of the suture ; but all the markings are in their ordinary
position.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) FERRETl, Reiche MS.

(Plate 85, fig. 1.)

L. grisea, thorace et elvtrorum basi luteo fasciatis, his postice luteo-maculatis. Long. corp.

lin. 14. <? — 11 2-
Habitat, in Abjssiuia. lu Mus. Reiche et Hope.

This insect entirely agrees in its general characters with L. ornata
and its allies, but is distinguished by its Eastern locality and pecuHar
coloi ation. The face is black with a dirty fulvous stripe down the
middle, and an oblique one on each side, extending to the base
of the mandibles, which are armed with a large obtuse tooth at
the base in front. The labrum is fulvous, as is also the crown of
the head, the hind part of which is black. The thorax is of an
ashy leaden colour, with the anterior margin, transverse curved
fascia across the middle, and a subapical fascia, of a dirty fulvous
colour. The elytra are of the same ashy leaden colour, rough at
the base, where they are marked with a rather broad dirty fulvous
fascia, followed by a narrower one (interrupted near the sides), and
behind this are about nine patches of the same fulvous colour. The

154 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES

mesosternuni is also fulvous, with a broad oblique greenish blue
stripe on each side, and the abdomen is black, with a fulvous patch
on each side.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) TARGAVEI, Reiche MS.

(Plate 85, fig. 2.)

L. nigra prothorace fulvo nigroque fasciato, postice viridi, elytris basi fulvo bifasciatis, postice

Diaculis 7 fulvis alterisque duabus subapicalibus viridibus. Long. cerp. liu. 85.
Habitat in Guinea. In Mus. D. Reiche, D. Targeau.

In all important respects this insect agrees with L. mirabilis,
except that the thorax (except the hind part) and the major part of
the markings of the elytra are fulvous. The face is black, with an
elongate conical fulvous patch down the middle, extending upwards
and between the antennae at the base, the labrum and extremity
of the clypeus being green. The eyes are margined before and
behind with green, the front margin dilated below into an orange
green oblique patch extending to the base of the mandibles, which
are slightly cornuted near the base in front, and orange green at
the sides of the base. The head above is marked with a fulvous
patch in the middle of the crown, and the hind part is dark green.
The prothorax is fulvous in front with three black stripes, and the
hind part is silvery green. The elytra are black, the humeral
angles and apical part irrorated with green, which is also the
colour of the two subapical spots ; the two basal fasciae and the
other spots, seven or eight in number, being dark fulvous. The
mesosternuni is marked with an orange patch at the side, and
the metasternum is green in the middle, changing to fulvous at
the sides, each side marked with a black streak ; the abdomen is
black, each segment with a large transverse orange green patch on
each side.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) BOHEMANNI, Chevrolat MS.

(Plate 85, fig. 3.)

L. Lumeris elytrorum angulato-truncatis ; supra viridis maculis fasciisque ferrugineis (margini-

bu8 pallidioribus) notata. Long. corp. lin. 11.
Habitat Port Natal, Africa Austral. In Mus. D. Chevrolat et Parry.

This insect is most remarkable for its locality, showing that this
group of insects enjoys a very wide geographical range in the
African continent. The upper surface of the body is of a dark
opaque green colour, varied with ferruginous fasciae, and spots
arranged as in the allied species ; the edges of which being of a
rather lighter testaceous colour, give a varied appearance to the

OF LONGICOEN BEETLES. 155

insect. The face is black, except a conical slender fulvous line down
the centre, broadest next the labrum, which has the front also
fulvous. The mandibles are large, with a moderate sized deflexed
acute spine in front at the side of the base. The head above has
a ferruginous streak behind the eyes. The front margin of the
prothorax, a broader central fascia, and a slender subapical one
interrupted in the centre, are of a ferruginous colour, as are also
the two basal fascise, and about nine spots on each elytra occa-
sionally partially confluent, the apical one acutely angulated. The
metasternum is fulvous, with two green spots at each side, and the
abdomen is fulvous, with the sides green and centre black.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) CHRYSOPRAS.

(Plate 86, fig. 1.)
L. fulva, lateribus prothoracis (pone medium) scutello femoribus guttisque duabus suturalibus

elytrorum argenteo-viridibus, his obscurius fasciatis. Long. coip. lin. 12.
Habitat. Aquapim, Guinea. In Mus. Hope, &c.

Syn. Cerambyx chrysopras, Voet Coieopt. Ed. Panz. 3, p. 21, 22, tab, 9, fig. 22.
Schonh. Syn. 1, pt. 3, p. 373.
Sternodonta Robillardii, Dupont MSS. — Dej. Catal. 2nd Ed. p. 342.

Although this insect appears at first sight so entirely distinct
from the preceding species, I must confess it is with doubt that I
retain it as distinct, for although the prevailing colour is fulvous,
yet in various parts we see little touches of silvery green, indicating
the more ordinary dispositions of that colour. The elytra also,
when examined, are found to have the black or green markings of
the preceding species clearly distinguishable, although so thickly
irrorated with fulvous as at first sight to appear merely as indistinct
cloudings over the elytra. The body beneath is elegantly varied
with fulvous and silvery green.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS) DUCALIS.

(Plate 8.5, fig. 5.)

L. nigra thorace lateribus virescentibus, posticeque subluteis ; elytris postice attenuatis lutes-

centibus, nebulis virescentibus apicibusque nigris. Long corp. lin. 12.
Habitat in Gambia. In Mus. Dupont.
Syn. Lamia ducalis, Klug, in Erman's Reise, tab. xvi., f. 4.

Sternolomis aper, Percheron Gen. des Insectes Col., pl. 16.

The face is black, and both the labrum and base of the man-
dibles, and a triangular patch on the clypeus (bearing an inter-
rupted, slender, black, median line), fulvous, and with two fine
short green lines between the eyes. The head above is dirty buff,
with the hind part black ; the prothorax is black and shining in
front, with a green tinge at the sides, behind the lateral spines,

156 ILLUSTRATIONS OF SOME AFRICAN SPECIES

and the hind part dirty buff. The elytra are considerably
attenuated towards the apex ; they are of a dirty fulvous colour,
slightly varied with greenish, which colour forms an oblique fascia
towards the base, and two or three obscure ocellated markings
across the middle, placed obliquely, the apex of the elytra being
black. The legs are greenish-black, with the tibise and tarsi dirty
buff and green ; the sides of the metasternum are marked with a
large patch of bright fulvous scales, extending in front to the hind
edge of the sternal process ; the sides of the abdomen are also
marked beneath with a sericeous-green patch.

LAMIA (STERNOTOMIS ?) NIVEISPARSA, Chevr. MS.

(Plate 84, fig. 5.)

L, nigra, albo farinosa ; thorace fasciis 6 transversis nireis ; elytris niveo-punctato-striatis

maculisque quatuor niveis, tertia majori.
Long Corp. lin. 10.
Habitat Port Natal. D. Bohemann. In Mus, Chevrolat.

The head is of moderate size, with the mandibles small, and not
crossing each other at the tip ; the face is white, with slender
black lines, which extend upwards between the antennae ; the hind
part of the head above is black. The prothorax is black, with six
slender, white, powdery, transverse fasciae, the fifth of which is
abbreviated, in consequence of the curved raised part of the pro-
thorax extending between the lateral spines ; the elytra are
rounded at the humeral angles, and the disc is covered with a
number of longitudinal striae, formed of small oblong white dots,
in addition to which each is marked with four white spots : the
first is round, and at the base in the middle ; the secoml is also
round, and at the side about one-third of the length of the elytra
from the base ; the third is large and round, being placed nearly
in the middle of the elytra ; and the fourth is subtrilobed, and
placed near the extremity. The legs are black, covered with
white powder ; the thighs black at the tips ; the body beneath is
covered with white powder ; the sternal processes are of compara-
tively small size (fig. 5 a).

This species agrees with Lamia regalis, Fabr., in the simple
humeral angles and punctate-striate disc of the elytra, as well as
in, the comparative smallness of the sternal processes, and the
spots of the elytra. In several of these respects, indeed, it
approaches the sub-genus Zoographus, with which it appears to
form the connecting link.

OF LONGICORN BEETLES. 15/

LAMIA (ZOOGRAPHA) IRRORATA.

(Plate 84, fig. 4.)

L. thorace spinoso fusco ferrugineoque vario ; elytris nigris ferriigineo irroratis ; anteniiis

cinerascentibus, pedibus griseo luteo nigroque vaiiegatis. Long, corp, $ lin. 18.
Habitat ia Sierra Leone. Mus. Hope et Reg. Paris.

Syn. Lamia irrorata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 1, pt. 2, p. 270 ; S. Eleutb., 2, p. 286;
Schonb. Syn. Ins., 1, pt. 3, p. 373.
Cerambyx nebulosus, Voet Coleopt. Ed. Panz., 3, p. 20, 18, tab. 7, f. 18.

This species is black, clothed with a greyish powder, and thickly
irrorated with dirty fulvous dots. On the crown of the head are
two small triangular dark patches, and the hind margin of the
head is black ; the mandibles of the male are small, black, and
unarmed; the disc of the prothorax is rugose and grey, with
numerous small dirty fulvous marks ; the elytra are closely
covered with minute punctures, and numerous irregular small
fulvous dots, in addition to which each is marked with the three
ordinary, slightly elevated, polished, black, longitudinal lineolse ;
the legs and underside of the thorax are variegated with luteous
black and grey ; and the abdomen is grey, with the centre black,
each segment, except the last, being marked on each side with a
small fulvous patch.

LAMIA (TRAGOCEPHALA ?) GLAUCINA, Dej.
L. obscure fusca opaca ; thorace stiiga lata media maculisque duabus lateralibus ; elytrisque

(plaga magna basali triangulari excepta) pallide flavescentibus. Long corp. lin. 13^.
Habitat ? In Mus. Chevrolat (olim Olivierii).

This pretty species is nearly allied to Lamia angulata of
Olivier, and L. bicolor (W. ante, pi. 78, fig. 4). It is on this
account that I presume it to be an African species, differing chiefly
from the last-named insect in its less robust form and shorter
antennae, which might indicate it to be the female of that species ;
but the pale markings on the thorax, and the large triangular
dark patch on the base of the elytra, must, I conceive, be
regarded as indicating a distinct species. The general colour is
opaque dark blackish-brown ; the markings on the thorax and the
elytra (except the basal patch and the small lateral streaks) are of
a very pale yellow colour, having a greenish tinge.

Obs. Lamia humeralis, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., 1, part 2, p. 281, appears also to belong to
the sub-genus Sternotomis.

The plant represented in Plate 85 is Iris pavonia, and that in
Plate 86 is Trichonema roseum, both from Southern Africa.

158

I take the opportunity of a spare page to mention a work now
in course of publication in France, especially worthy of the attention
of English Coleopterists, the title of which is as follows : —

HisToiRE Naturelle des Coleopteres de France. Par M, E. Mulsant. 8vo.
1839—1844, with Plates.
Livraison 1. Longicornes (1839), pp. 304, 3 pi.
,, 2. Lamellicornes (1842), pp. 623, 3 pi.

„ 3. Palpicornes (1844), pp. 196, 1 pi.

This work is one of the most carefully executed productions
hitherto published in France upon the insect tribes. Unlike the
majority of entomologists, the author has not confined himself to
giving very detailed descriptions of the insects in their perfect state,
and to the difficult unravelraent of their synonymy, but has investi-
gated their structure with great minuteness and precision, and has
especially studied their preparatory state, sexual distinctions, and
specific variations, whereby he has considerably reduced the number
of supposed species. Such a work, from an author residing far from
the French metropolis, and accordingly free from those incitements
to increase the number of species (which it is to be feared is one of
the results of rivalry in Natural History), and exercising his talents
upon the insects of his locality, may be well conceived to be a
production of real zeal for the science — a true labour of love. The
plates are drawn and engraved with great delicacy, although it may
be objected that the anatomical details are too small. It will be
sufficient, in order to afford an idea of this work, to give the
following abstract of the last livraison. After an introduction
of 23 pages, the author divides the Palpicornes into two groups
— the Hydrophilides and Geophilides : —

1, HYDROPHILIDES.

Fam. 1. Speicheens. 1 G. Spercheus. 1 Sp.

Fam. 2, Helophoriens. 2 G. Helophorus. 8 Sp. 3 G. Hydrochus.

5 Sp. 4 G. Ochthebius. 11 Sp. (includ'ng the Enicoceri.)

5 G. Hydraena. 7 Sp.
Fam. 3. Hydropliiliens. 6 G. Limnebius. 4 Sp. 7 G. Berosus. 4 Sp. 8 G.

Hydrophilus. 1 Sp. 9 G. Hydrous. 2 Sp. 10 G. Hydrobius.

3 Sp. 11 G. Laccobius. 1 Sp. 12 G. Helophil?is,j\. g. 1 Sp.

{H. lividus.) 13 G. Philhydrus. 2 Sp. 14 G. Cyllidium.

Erichs. 1 Sp.

2. GEOPHILIDES.

Fam. unica. Spberidiens. 1 G. Cyclonotum. 1 Sp. 2 G. Spharidium.
2 Sp. 3 G. Cercyon. 15 Sp. 4 G. Pelosoma, v. g. 1 n. Sp.
5 G. Megaslernum, n. g. 1 Sp. C. boletophagum, Steph. 6 G.
Cryptopleurum, n. g. 1 Sp. Sph. atomariuw, F.

159

PLATE LXXXVIT.

ILLUSTRATIONS OP FOUR SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHIROSCELIS.

CHIROSCELIS, Lamarck, Ann. d. Mns. iii., p. 260.

Thts genus was established for the reception of an insect respect-
ing whose native country there is some doubt, Lamarck stating,
" Ce coleoptere habite vraiserablablement dans la Nouvelle Hollande,
car il se trouvait parmi ceux de cette contree que le Capitaine
Baudin a envoyes par le vaisseau le Naturaliste ;''' and Latreille
states of it, "Habitat in Australasia; insula Sta. Maria, Dom. Peron,
Lesueur," adding (Gen. Cr. ii. 144), " Speciem alteram priori fere
similera at paulo minorem et raaculis abdominalibus nullis ex Africa
attulit Peron." Lamarck's insect is stated by him to have been " un
peu plus de 4 centimetres (un pouce et demi) de longueur," and his
figure " de la grandeur naturelle," represents an insect 20 lines long.
On this account, and especially as a species of the genus has now
been detected in the south-east part of Africa, it is probable that
Lamarck's species is distinct from the following: —

CHIROSCELIS DIGITATA, Fabr.

(Plate 87, fig. 1. $.)

C. nigra Tiitida elytris parallelis, tibiis posticis inermibu8, tnaculis abdominalibus subovatis.

Long. Corp. lin. 18.
Habitat in Guinea, Sierra Leone, &c. Mus. Westw., &c.

Syn. Tenebrio digitatns, Fabr., Syst. Eleuth. 1, p. 145. (E.\cl. Syn. T. fossor. in Mus.
Banks, quod ad genus Zabrum revocandum.)
King in Erman's Reise, t. 15, fig. 11. (Long. corp. lin. 15^.) Guerin Icon. R. An.
Ins. PI. 30, t. 5.

Ample details of the structure of this species are given in my
paper on the African Tenebrionidse, published in the third volume
of the Transactions of the Zoological Society ; in addition to
which, it is to be observed that a dissection of both kinds of
individuals of this species — namely, those possessing and those
destitute of the luteous sericeous patches on the underside of the
second segment of the abdomen, has proved that the suggestions
which I made in my Introduction to the Modern Classification
of Insects, vol. i. p. 320, 322, as to the sexual distinctions of these
individuals (founded on their analogy with other Melasomata)
were correct, the specimens destitute of the patches being males ;
one of these individuals is represented in fig. 1 ; fig. 1 a, being the
figure of the underside of the abdomen ; and fig. 1 b. the male sexual

160 ILLUSTRATIONS OF FOUR SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHIROSCELTS.

organs in situ : whilst fig. 1 c, represents the underside of the
abdomen of the female.

CHIROSCELIS BIFENESTRELLA, Westw.
Transactions of the Zoological Society, vol. iii. p. 209, Plate xiv. figure 2.
(Plate 87, fig. 3, 3 a.)
C. nigra nitida capite parum riigoso, tnandibulis minus dentatis quam in praecedenti, elytris
parallelis, abdominis maculis duabus minutis rotundatis, margineqiie antico pronoti baud
puncto notato, tibiis 4-posticis fere rectis, apicibus intermediarum subdilatatis. Long.
Corp. lin. 14.
Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Nost. D. Raddon.

CHIROSCELIS AUSTRALIS, Westw.
(Plate 87, fig. 2, 2 a.)
C. nigra nitida ; capite supra rugose (vertice sub-trituberculato) prothorace lato postice punctis
duobus fere ad angulos posticos impresso, elytris elongato-ovatis punctato-striatis, tibiis
anticis palmatis, posticis 4-subrectis simplicibus, abdominis maculis duabus ventralibus fere
semicircularibus, femoribus anticis spina basali alterisque duabus subapicalibus. Long.
Corp. fere unc. 2.
Habitat in Africae Orient-Australis partibus interioribus. In Mus. D. Melly.

This fine addition to the genus is unique in the collection of
A. Melly, Esq., to whom I am indebted for an opportunity of
presenting a figure and description of it to the entomologist.

CHIROSCELIS PASSALOIDES, (Vestw.
Transactions of the Zoological Society, vol. iii. p. 210, Plate 14, figure 3.
C. nigra nitida ; vertice trituberculato, tuberculo postico majori, antennis crassis, pronoto sub-
quadrato angulis rotundatis ; elytris parallelis striatis ; tibiis latissimis planis anticis extus
serratis, posticis intus versus apicem dente armatis ; abdomine subtus macula nulla instructo.
Long. Corp. lin. 19^ — 20f.
Habitat in Guinea. Mus. Nosir. &c. D. Raddon et Savage.

The plant represented in the plate is the Stapelia divaricata from
Southern Africa.

161

PLATES LXXXVIIL— XCV.

MONOGRAPH OF THE COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E.
PART IV.

Genus PLATYRHOPAT/US Continued.

Since the third part of this monograph was pubhshed (a7ite, p.
73), I have obtained a knowledge of Captain Boys' very interesting
memoir on the species of this family captured by himself in India,
published in the 'Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal' (n. ser.,
No. 54) ; in which that gentleman has given the following descrip-
tion of a species of Platyrhopalus which appears to be closely allied
to P. acutideus.

Species VI ? — Platyrhopalus Suturalis, IVeslw.

"No. 2, Fig. 2. Mhow. July 17, 1889.— Genus Paussus. Length,
6-20th of an inch ; body brown, rather deeper in colour near the
sutural margin of the elytra; antennae of two joints, the last
having an elongated pedicle resembling an intermediate joint ; the
club is pear-shaped when viewed from above, irregular if seen in
flank ; edges compressed, forming a carina, which is produced into
a small tooth near the basal angle. Head has the front slightly
emarginated in front and rounded, narrower than the thorax, from
which it is exserted ; eye rather large for the insect, rounded when
seen from above, reniform when viewed on the side. Thorax
cordiform, broadly truncated posteriorly, having a transverse sinus
crossing its centre. Elytra narrowed anteriorly, rounded on the
posterior external margin, squared on the internal one ; abdomen
tumid and very like many of the Carabici I have been lately taking.
Tarsi of five joints, the first of the posterior tarsus scarcely
discernible unless the foot is put in motion ; last joint longest ; all
of them cylindrical or obconical, and furnished with a few hairs
beneath.

" Note. This insect came to the lights on the table some time
after gunfire last night."

From the structure of the antennae and prothorax, as represented
in Capt. Boys' figure (copied in my Plate 88, 1, 1 a), I infer that
this insect belongs to the present genus ; although the want of
details and the description of the tarsi render this opinion doubtful.

NO. XXIII. \st FEBRUARY, 1845. M

162 MONOGRAPH OF THE

The specific name proposed above is therefore for the present merely
provisional.

Having, however, received information from Captain Boys of his
having been so kind as to forward to me a number of species of this
family from India, I trust to be enabled in the following number of
this work to give coloured figures of this and other apparently
new species described in his paper above referred to.*

Species VII. — Platyrhopalus Mellii. Westw.
(Plate 88, fig. 2.)

PI. rufo-piceus, elytris castaneis latissimis fere quadratis, antennarum clava compressa fere

circulare, basi externe angulum foimanti, pedibus latissimis.
Long. Corp. lin. 4^ ; lat. elytr. lin. L'^.
Plat. Mellii, Westw. Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 68.'), Trans. Ent. Soc, XL, pi. x., fig. 4. Gucrin,

Iconogr. Regne An. Ins. pi. 40, fig. 11.
Habitat Malabaria. Mus. Melly, Gory, &c.

This singular insect in its dilated form approaches the Cerapteri,
but in all its essential characters it belongs to the present genus.
It is subconvex, and of a rufo-piceous colour, with the upper
surface of the body finely and distantly punctured, shining, very
slightly setose, and with the head and prothorax lower than the
back of the elytra ; the head is small, rather glossy, with the
anterior margin emarginate, and the hind part of the head
narrowed into a neck ; the clava of the antennae is very large,
nearly circular, and compressed — that is, the anterior or upper
face is slightly concave, whilst the posterior or inferior surface is
slightly convex, especially in the middle ; the entire margin is
acute, and with three very minute ciliated tubercles in the upper
part of the margin a little before its extremity ; the base of the
clava is also produced in a somewhat square lobe at its under angle.

The maxillse are furnished with a minute filiform appendage
analogous to the inner maxillary palpi of the Carabidae, which in
the specimen examined by me was twisted, giving the appearance
of being articulated in the middle ; the maxillary palpi are large,
with the second joint broad, and strongly produced at its inner
extremity. The labial palpi are cylindrical, hirsute, and with
the middle joint rather larger than the apical one. The pro-
thorax is short, transverse, nearly twice as broad as the head,

* In consequence of this intelligence, the publication of the following number (which will
complete tlie Monograph of the Paussidse, as well as the present work itself), will be deferred
until after the arrival of Captain Boys's parcel.

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E. l63

rather opaque, with tlie lateral margins rounded ; the posterior
portion is very short and narrow, but distinct, and separated from
the anterior part by a nearly straight line. The elytra are glossy
and castaneous, one-third wider than the prothorax, being rather
longer than broad ; each is furnished at its outer posterior angle
with a small mamillated tubercle, the sides of which are raised so
as to give it the appearance of a spiracle ; the femora and tibiae are
very broad, short and depressed ; the latter subobliquely truncated,
the fore posterior being furnished with two ealcaria ; the tarsi are
short and cylindrical, ciliated beneath, distinctly five-jointed, the
first joint being the thickest and the fourth the shortest ; the basal
joint in the anterior tarsi is shorter than in the other feet.

Fig. 2a, underside of head; 2b, maxilla ; 2c, labium and palpus ;
2d and 2e, antenna in different points of view ; 2f, posterior tibia
and tarsus.

Species VIII, — Plstyrhopalus aplustrifer Westvv. (Plate 88, fig. 3.)
P. depressus, rufo-fulvus antenuaruin clava lata fere plana externe spinis diiabus acutis, pro-
thorace brevi piano lateiibus antice rotundatis postice dilatatis, angulis posticis seniicir-
culariter emaiginatis, tibiis ad apicem externe acute spinosis.
Long. Corp. ]in. S-J-.

Platyrhopalus aplustrifer,Westw., Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 664, pi. sxxiii., fig. 51.
Habitat Bengalia. Mus. Britann. and Westermann.

This extraordinary species was first described by me from a
somewhat mutilated specimen, in the British Museum, of unknown
locality, so that I was unable to determine its legitimate situation.
M. Westermann having, however, had the kindness to forward me
a specimen, contained in his fine collection, from Copenhagen, for
examination, I am enabled to give a more correct representation
of it, and to speak of its true relationship to the present genus with
decision. It is depressed, smooth, very slightly pubescent, and of a
testaceous-fulvous colour ; the head is short and almost rounded in
front, and scarcely emarginate, convex, and with the disc entire.
The antennae are slightly pubescent, with the clava large, somewhat
ovate, very compressed, with the anterior margin slightly rounded,
the apex rounded, and the outer or upper edge produced into two
long and very acute spines ; the space between which is strongly
emarginate, and between them and the base of the clava are two
small impressions which seem to indicate rudiraental articulations.
The mandibles are curved and acute at the tips ; the maxillary
palpi have the second joint very broad, and acutely produced into
a strong point at the inner extremity ; the labial palpi arise from

M 2

164 MONOGRAPH OF THE

a rather broad mentum, and have the two terminal joints of nearly
equal size. The prothorax is flat, broader than the head, short,
with dilated sides, the margin being rounded at the anterior
angles ; whilst the hinder angles are acutely truncate, or rather very
deeply and nearly semicircularly emarginate, leaving a narrow
posterior lobe to the prothorax nearly as in the genus Lebia.
The elytra are oblong-quadrate, with the base rather broader
than the prothorax, smooth, shining, impressed at the base, and
of a rather brighter colour than the rest of the body. The feet
are rather slender, with the tibiae compressed at the tips, the outer
angle being produced into an acute spine, and the inner angle
furnished with two calcaria ; the tarsi are five-jointed, but the
fourth joint is very minute.

Fig. 3 a, lower parts of the mouth in situ ; *, the mandible :
3 b, maxilla ; 3 c, posterior tibia and tarsus.

Genus.— PAUSSUS, Linnwus.

Corpus obloiigum subdepressiim ; caput mediocre prothorace angustius ; antennarutn clava
maxima formae variabilis saepius irregulariter obtrigona, compressa vel subdepressa basi
externe in hamum producto. Labrum subcoiiaceum paiviim transversum augulis anticis
rotundatis. Mandibulje corneae parvse basi dilatata; apice falcatse acutEe denteque in medio
marginis iuterni raembranaque coriacea interna basali quadrata instructae. Maxillae stipite
crustaceo (figs. *) processu terminali (interno) teniiissimo corneo mandibuliformi, valde
arcuate et acute bidentato, spatio intermedio membranaceo (et in P. Hearsiano solum
inveni rudimentum partis illae corneae in tab. 68, fig. 1. e — 1., pugione f notatae). Pal-
porum maxiliariura internorum vestigia nulla detexi. Palpi maxillares (externi)

■ 4-articulati articulo 2ndo maximo saepius ad apicem interne acute producto. Mentum
(ut videtur) rectangulare trianguliforme (bypothenusa antice transversa) lateribus
obliquis capite coalitis, nee basi articulatum, angulis anticis lateralibus porrectis et in
dentcm subacutum productis. Labrum, os interne claudens subquadratum corneum
subplanum vel medio longitrorsum subcarinatum, margine antico integro vel carinae apice
in dentem parvum centralem producto. Palpi labiales maxillaribus breviores labioque
longiores ad ortum subconnati (sc. ioterdum in scapum parvum vel radiculam * inserti
ut in P. microcephalo) labiique faciem inferiorem velantes et marginem ejus anticum
ultra extensi, interdum reflexi, 3-articulati articulis duobus baealibus brevissimis ultimo
niagno longe ovato aul cyliudrico, subulato, apice acuto. Prothorax subcylindricus
vel truncato-cordatus pauUo longior quam latior, plerumque quasi in duas partes
divisus, parte antica plus minusve elevata. Scutellum parvum. Elytra prothorace
latiora, oblongo-quadrata, postice truncata angulis posticis externis tuberculiferis. Pedes
breves robusti plerumque diktat! ; tibiis quatuor posticis saepius bicalcaratis. Tarsi
5-articulati articulo basali saepius minuto. Abdomen 4-articulatum articulis duobus
intermediis brevissimis.

In my monograph upon this family, published in the Linnsean
Transactions, I endeavoured, at considerable length, to clear up the
confusion existing in the writings of Afzelius, Latreille, and others,
as to the real structure of the parts of the mouth. Having at that

* Is it possible that this scape of the labial palpi can be the real representative of the
mentum, and that the part I have described as the mentum is in fact part of the skull?

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^. 105

time taken out the labium of only one species of this genus, of which
the anterioi" margin was quite simple, I was induced to believe
that in describing the labium as 3-dentate, Latreille had mistaken
the two spines at the anterior margin of the mentum or gula trian-
gularis for part of the labium. Having, however, recently dis-
sected P. microcephalus, which appears to have been the species
which he dissected (as he gives it as his first example of the genus,
having received it from Mr. MacLeay), I find that its labium
accords with Latreille's description. As to the part which I have
regarded as the mentum (a part which Latreille states is wanting),
it may be contended that the two porrected spines represent the
produced undersides of the head, or undercheeks peculiarly
developed, as in Catogenus, Passandra and Megagnathus ; but
as the true mentum is occasionally soldered to the head (as in
Siagona), and as the maxillae arise at the outersides of the pro-
duced spines (thus agreeing with the typical structure of the
Coleoptera, where the base of the maxillse arises at the outerside
of the mentum), I have the less hesitation, especially after a com-
parison of this part in this genus and in the preceding, in regarding
the gula triangularis as the representative of the mentum.

As regards the external sexual marks of distinction in this
genus, I am only able to state, that, according to Afzelius, the
female of P. sphcerocerus differs chiefly from the male in having
the labial palpi rather narrower, the produced lobes or spines of
the mentum glaucous, the maxillary palpi shorter, with the second
joint narrower, the abdomen longer, and the posterior femora
slenderer. In some individuals, we find the extremity of the
abdomen furnished with two acute curved diverging spines, which,
I believe, will be found to be a sexual peculiarity.

The species of this genus are much more numerous than those of
any of the other genera. Some of them, possessing a subcontinuous
prothorax, and a broad clava to the antennae, are closely allied to
the Platyrhopali ; whilst others, with a bipartite prothorax, seem
to approach Pentaplatarthrus, although the structure of the palpi,
maxillse, &c., of the last-named genus (see pi. 58, fig. 2, details)
materially differs from that of the true Paussi.

Of the habits of this genus we possess but little information ;
eufficient, however, appears to be known to lead us to infer that
the species are nocturnal in their habits, being often attracted by
the light in houses after dark, and that, like Claviger, Lomechusa,

166 MONOGRAPH OF THE

&c., they reside in ants' nests. Afzelius states of P. sphoerocerus,
that having (in January, 1796) entered upon a newly-erected
residence, '' one evening, having just lighted my candle, and
begun to write, I observed something dropping down from the
ceiling before me upon the table. It remained for a little while
quite immovable, as if stunned or frightened, but soon began to
crawl very slowly and steadily." Several others were obtained by
him in like manner, whence he " concludes that it is a nocturnal
animal, that it becomes benumbed by candlelight, that it lives in
wood, and prefers new-built houses." * None were taken after
February. Since the days of Afzelius, other captures, under
similar circumstances, have been recorded.

Captain Boys, whose attention has been especially directed to
the Indian species, and who has detected eight species, states, in
his memoir above alluded to, that " in flight the Paussi are
exceedingly easy and agile ; the lower wing, when expanded,
being in comparison to the size of the insect, of large dimensions ;
and when they ahght, the movement is so sudden, and the elytra
are closed so instantaneously over the lower wings, that they
appear as having dropped down to the spot on which they rest,
and where they generally remain several seconds previous to again
attempting to move (facts which I have also remarked as practised hy
many Carahici), Its walk, however, entirely differs from that of
this last-mentioned genus ; for instead of being nimble, and occa-
sionally rapid, I have never seen it moving but in a slow and
sedate manner, at which time the antennse are extended to the
front of the head, and to these is occasionally given an upward

vibratory motion. On being seized, they emit from the anus

a very acrid liquid, accompanied by an explosion, and attended
with a strong scent, resembling that produced by Brachini and
other allied genera when similarly treated ; and although in
minuter quantities, it is abundantly sufficient to produce a very
sensible heat, and the crepitation may be distinctly heard and felt.
Wherever the skin has been subjected to its action, discoloration
immediately ensues, of a reddish-brown colour, which soon after
turns to a brownish black, resembling the stain produced by the
touch of caustic, and which remains permanently fixed for many
days after. The explosion is repeated three or four times succes-

* Linu. Trans, iv., p. 261,

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^. I67

sively, at which periods a vapour may be observed to accompany
each crepitation, attended with a strong and very penetrating
odour, something hke that of nitric acid." On touching the
papillae-hke tubercles at the outer ani:les of the extremity of the
elytra (giving cover to an elongated appendage of the same
description, which is attached to the upper exterior margin of the
abdomen ; and which, by the aid of a pin's point, may be lifted up,
and in a slight degree outspread, but collapsing immediately the
impediment is removed), Captain Boys observed, that "they
possessed the power of discharging a yellowish milky liquid,
resembling pus in consistency, and which speedily overspread the
lower part of the elytron, granulating into small egg-shaped grains.
On repeating the irritation, the same results occurred ; and in
order to be certain of the fact, I tried each elytron twice with the
same effect; — and in all these trials, each emission was accom-
panied with a faint acidulous odour."

Of the species described by Captain Boys, one is stated to
have been captured on a heap of manure, a second was taken by
sweeping high grass with a hoop net, three were taken at night,
having been attracted to the lights ; "another was rescued from the
clutches of a small black ant, which circumstance I notice merely
because a belief exists that the Paussi inhabit ant-hills ;" and the
last was found crawling up the wall of his bathing-room.

Since the article containing the description of Ceratoderus
bifasciatus, (ante-p\. 58, f. 1, p. 3?,) was published, I have received
a specimen of that curious insect from my friend Colonel Hearsey,
by whom it was captured at large during the day-time.

In the former articles on this family in the present volume, I
have alluded to the views of Dr. Burmeister as to the relationship
of the Paussidse with the Carabidse analogous to that which exists
between the Dyticidae and Gyrinid^ {ante-p^. 5, 10, 11, 12, 76, 80.)
This relationship is considered to be exhibited in the structure of
the mouth, wings, and indeed in the entire general structure of the
insect, not excepting the antennae which are brought into com-
parison with those of Helluo laticornis, Ozsena orientalis, and some
species of Morio.*

* Captain Boys also, in his Memoir on the Genus above referred to, has likewise arrived
at the conclusion that these insects are related to the CarabidsD, " approximating in outward
appearance " to many of that family, possessing also five-jointed tarsi, and possessing, like
Brachinus, the power of crepitation.

168 MONOGRAPH OF THE

The examination of the structure of the mouth of Platyrhopalus,
which I have detailed in my former article, has produced a result at
variance with Dr. Burraeister's views, and from an investigation of
the characters afforded by the wing veins of the Coleoptera, I
believe it will be found that this ingenious relationship is equally
unfounded ; for it is to be observed that not only is the form of the
wins: of the Paussidse quite unlike that of the Carabidse and
Dyticidse, but that the arrangement of the wing- veins is much less
complicated, and the part of the wing where the fold takes place
is much further removed from the extremity of the organ in the
Paussidse ; it is true that like those families it possesses a small
cell at the recurved extremity of the radial vein, but this can
scarcely be entitled to the weight which Dr. Burmeister would
give to it, since it is wanting in all the Cicindelidse which I have
examined,* and yet the relationship of these with the Carabidse is
infinitely more decided than that of Carabus and Paussus. It is
to be observed, however, that the genera Rhysodes, Catogenus,
Passandra, &c., which I have hitherto regarded as the nearest
allies of the present family, differ entirely in the arrangement of
their wing- veins, the extremities being entirely destitute of longi-
tudinal veins. The texture and general appearance of the body,
the dilated antennse having (as in the Cerapteri, &c.) no appear-
ance of clavation at their extremities, the form and insertion of
the feet and the anomalous structure of the mouth are, however,
characters which I am still disposed to regard as of equal importance
with those insisted upon by Burmeister. The Paussidse, in fact,
are an isolated and extremely anomalous group, and which every
fresh discovery renders more perplexing to the entomologist.

The species of the genus Paussus may, for convenience, be
arranged in the following divisions and subdivisions :

Sfxtion a. Prothorax quasi bipartitus.

a. Antennarum clava postice baud excavata. '
h. Antennarum clava postice excavata.

* Species Indica;.

* * Species Africanae.
,, B. Protborax subcontinuus.

a. Species Africanae.

b. Species Indicse.

Section A. Prothorax quasi bipartitus.
Sub-section a. Antennarum clava postice baud excavata.

* Tbis character, hitherto unnoticed, will at once distinguish the family Cicindelidae from
the Linnsean Carabi, since all the sub-'amilies of the latter group possess this little cell.

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E. 169

Species I. — Paussus Microcephalus, Linnceus.
(Plate 88, fig. 4.)

Obscure niger vel nigro-piceus, elytiis magis piceis vel rufo-piceis capite mutico, antennarutn
clava permagna, oblongo-spbaeroidfea ina?qualiter elevata ad basin peduDculato, pedunculo
angulato, latere externo 4-tuberculato, basi supra in uncum obtusum iinidentatum producto,
prothorace in medio profunde excavato parte antica strangulo distinclo valde et transverse
elevata, illius margine supero acuto in medio interrupto ; tibiis linearibus posticis paullo
latioribus apice subaugustiorlbus ; abdominis apice setia brevibus luteis utriuque marginato.

Long. Corp. lin. 3^ — 4.

SvNON. — Paussus microcephalus, Linnaeus (Dabl. Dissert. Acad. Biga; ins. p. 6, tab. ann.
f. 6 — 10; Afzelius, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. iv, tab. 22, f. 1 — 5.; Fabricius, Latreille,
Gen. Crust., &c., tom. iii. p. 2 ; Westw. Trans. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 631.

Habitat in Africa occidentali tropicali. ]\Ius. Banks, (Soc. Linn. Loud.) MacLeay, Latreille,
and Turner. (Individuuni Linnaeanum in Musseo Linnseano baud nunc invenitur.)

This is the species upon which the genus was originally estab-
lished by Linnaeus. Its true locality was for a considerable period
a matter of doubt, but it is now fully established as a native of
tropical Western Africa, whence a specimen has been lately received
by J. Turner, Esq., by whose kindness in placing it in my hands,
I have been enabled to clear up several points in its structure,
incorrectly described by Afzelius.

The head is even on its upper surface, and its front margin is
slightly emarginate ; the basal joint of the antennse is terminated
above in pale rounded vesicular tubercles, and in a living state
the part of the antennse bearing the four minute tubercles is
upwards, and the curved peduncle downwards. The parts of the
mouth are delineated in figures 4 a- — 4 e ; 4 a being one of the
mandibles, showing the strong muscles whereby it is moved ; 4 b
one of the maxillae, seen from beneath, and 4 c the same with the
base of the maxillary palpi, seen laterally, showing the absence of
the analogue of the inner maxillary palpi ; 4 d the labium, with
the base of the labial palpi arising from the basal scape, and having
the anterior extremity terminated by three points ; 4 e the same
seen laterally showing the lateral continuation of the scape, and
the thickness of the labium ; and 4 / the posterior tarsus and the
extremity of the tibiae destitute of calcaria.

Species II. — Paussus Jousselinii, Cuer,
" Corps d'uu brun fonce presque noir, avec I'abdomen et I'extre'mite des elytres ferrugineux: tete
petite, ayant un sillon longitudinal en avant et trois tubercules en forme de comes sur le
vertex ; antennes rugueuses avec le ler article grand presque carre, le second ou la massue
Bubcylindrique, trois fois plus long que le premier, un peu retreci au milieu, ayant en
dedans et a la base un appendice tronque, et, pr^s de I'extremite, trois fortes dents aigues,
corselet divisd en deux par un profond etranglement, ayant une profonde excavation
longitudinale au milieu, et deux taches orang^es produites par un fin duvet et place'es de
cbaque cote' et presque au fond de I'etranglement transversal; elytres lisses, avec une petite
dent dilatee pr^s de I'extremite, pattes rugueuses comme les antennes."

170 MONOGRAPH OP THE

" Ce curieux insecte a ete trouv€ au Pegou, au bord de la riviere Yrrawadj', k une journeede
Rangoou; il etait pose siir uu tronc de palmier." — Guerin-Meneville, Revue Zool.,
No. 2, p. 21.

I regret that I have not been able to obtain a figure of this
species, which I have not found in any of the Parisian Cabinets
which I have examined. From the structure of the prothorax the
present appears to be the proper position of the species.

Species III. — Paussus Linn^i, Westw.

(Plate 89, fig. 3.)

Parvus subcylindricus, rufo-piceus, elytris rufescentibus antennarum clava lata subquadrata,

apice valde depresso recurve, subhirsuto ; tibiis quatuor anticis angustis.
Long. Corp. lin. 2.

Habitat ? In Mus. See. Linn. Lond.

Paussus Linneei, Westw. In Trans. Linn. See. xvi. p. 634, pi. 33, fig. 22 — 24.

This is the most minute species of the family with which I am
acquainted. It is preserved in the Linnaean Cabinet, being attached
to the Linnsean label of the Genus, although quite distinct from the
species described by Linnaeus. Seen under a lens it appears very
finely shagreened ; the head and prothorax being opaque, whilst the
hind part of the latter and the elytra are more glossy. The head
is subconvex above, obscure, pitchy, and of a subtriangular form,
but narrowed behind the eyes ; the fore margin is deeply emar-
ginate, and between the eyes is a rather deep horse-shoe-like
excavation. The clava of the antennae is rufo-fuscous with the
apex rather pilose ; seen in front it is of an oblong form, rather
broadest towards the base, its outer angle being slightly produced ;
the anterior margin has three minute tubercles ; the disc is very
uneven, the apex being suddenly depressed, and reflexed, with an
acute edge (figs. 3 a, S b). The prothorax is elongated and
bipartite, with the fore part broader than the head, angulated
at the sides, with a transverse carina, interrupted in the middle ;
the hinder part is deeply excavated in the middle, with irregular
margins, bearing two small tufts of luteous decumbent hairs near
the contraction ; the lateral margins of this part are nearly
rounded. The elytra are broader than the prothorax, but
scarcely longer than it and the head together ; they are of a dull
rufo-pitchy colour, with a slight gloss, with the apex truncated.
The four fore legs are rather narrow and subcompressed ; but
the posterior tibiae are broader and depressed. I could not
observe any calcaria to these legs. The legs and antennse are of
a reddish-brown colour.

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E. 171

This species is closely allied to the following, but is at once
distinguished by its minute size, the want of the two porrected
tubercles behind the eyes, the form of the clava of the antennae,
the want of the pale scales scattered over the body, &c.

Species 4. — Paussus Bcrmeisteki, Westw.
(Plate 89, fig. 2.)

Obscure castaneo-piceus albido-squamosus ; elytris magis rufescentibus ; capita pone oculos
utiinque spina armato ; tboiace bipartito ; elytris subangustis pedibusque dilatalis.
Loug. Corp. lin. 3.

Habitat apud Promoiit. Bon. Spei. Mus. Reg. Berol. Hope, Evans, Westemiann.

Syn. Paussiis Burmeisteri, Westw., in Trans. Eut. Soc, ii., p. 86, pi. ix., f. 3.
Paussus contractus, Klug MSS.

This dull-coloured insect is closely allied to the preceding, as
above mentioned ; it is of a pitchy-chesnut colour, with pale scales
scattered over the upper surface, and the elytra, especially towards
the extremities, are of a redder hue, and destitute of gloss. The
head is somewhat oval, narrowed in front, and impressed in the
middle of the anterior margin, from whence runs a rounded
impression towards the middle of the head ; between the eyes is a
small round excavation, within which is a minute tubercle ; the head
on each side behind the eyes is produced into a short blunt spine.
The clava of the antennse (fig. 2 a) is very irregular on the upper
surface ; the base broadly truncate, and slightly angulated in the
middle, with the outer or upper angle produced into an obtuse
point ; the anterior margin with several small sinuations ; the
extremity rounded but slightly emarginate behind both near the
basal point and apex, the middle space considerably bulging out,
and bearing four minute setigerous tubercles. The prothorax is
subovate truncate, rather broader than the broadest part of the
head, as well as longer ; near the anterior part is a deep constric-
tion, the anterior portion being angulated at the sides, and formed
into a transverse angulated ridge, interrupted in the middle; the
hinder part of the prothorax is marked with a deep and broad
sulcus in the middle, bearing two small patches of luteous hairs at
the sides in front, and having the edges of the impressed part
rather acute, but irregular. The elytra are but little wider than
the prothorax ; they do not entirely cover the extremity of the
abdomen ; they are transversely impressed at the base, and bear
the ordinary tubercles at the apical outer angles. The feet {fig. 2 d)
are short, with the femora and tibise broad and compressed, the

172 MONOGRAPH OF THE

latter having the tips obliquely truncate, and the angles acute.
The tarsi have the basal joint very minute, as well as the
calcaria, which are almost indistinct. The abdomen (fig. 2 c), in
the specimens in the collections of the Rev. F. W. Hope and
M. Westermann, is simply 4-jointed, without any exserted appen-
dages. [Fig. 26 represents the front part of the body, seen
sideways.]

The figure published by me in the Transactions of the Entomo-
logical Society, above referred to, was engraved from a slight
sketch made during my visit to Berlin. The present drawing is
from a specimen sent to me from Copenhagen by M. Westermann
for examination.

Species 5. — Paussus rufitarsis, Sam. MS.
(Plate 89, fig. 4.)

Fulvo-flavescens ; atitennarum articulo basali, protlioracis angulis posticis, elytrorum disco
pedibusque piceis ; tarsis rufis, antennarum clava ovata convexa basi externe in spinam
obtusam producto. Long. corp. lin. 3.

Habitat ? In Mus. Britann.

Paussus rufitarsis, Westw., in Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. xvi., p. 638, pi. 33, fig. 25 — 27.

The form of this species is comparatively short and broad ; it is
somewhat cylindric, and very delicately punctured, and slightly
pubescent. The head is subtriangular, porrected, and nearly as
large as the prothorax, with the neck narrowed, and the anterior
part truncate and slightly emarginate ; it is of a pale flavescent
colour ; and in the middle, between the eyes, is a rounded excava-
tion, having a minute round impression on either side ; between
the eyes and the base of the antennae is also a rounded impression
on each side of the head. The maxillary palpi have the second
joint very broadly ovate and compressed. The basal joint of the
antennse is pitchy, and the second pale livid-flavescent, the latter
elongate-globose, rather pointed at the apex, slightly carinated
along the anterior margin, with the upper angle of the base
produced into an obtuse pitchy spine ; the middle of the upper or
hinder margin, with a rather depressed oblong impression, in which
are four slightly elevated transverse ribs. The prothorax is
subquadrate, scarcely broader and larger than the head, and
bipartite ; the anterior portion fulvous-yellow, with the sides of
the hinder portion pitchy ; the anterior part is elevated and short ;
along the middle runs an angulated ridge, which is interrupted in
the middle, the lateral angles subacute ; the hinder part is larger,

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^. 173

with the middle deeply impressed, the edges of the impression being
prominent and irregular in shape, and with two rounded tubercles
in the middle of the hind margin. The elytra are subcylindrical,
covering the extremity of the abdomen, considerably broader than
the prothorax, the hinder part being broader ; they are shining,
with the base reddish buff, and the lateral and posterior margins
red ; the disc pitchy, and very obsoletely and finely punctured, the
outer and apical margins with several tufts of short, rigid, red setae.
The body beneath is pale testaceous, and glossy. The feet are
pitchy ; the femora slightly dilated, especially in the hind feet ; and
the tibise scarcely compressed, except the posterior pair, which
are broader than the others. The tarsi are red. The abdomen in
the single specimen I have hitherto seen is destitute of any external
appendages.

[Fig. 4 a, represents the lower parts of the mouth; 4 5, the
back view of the antennse ; 4 c, front view of ditto ; 4 J, front
part of body, seen sideways.]

The drawing, published with my monograph in the Linnaean
Transactions, has been corrected by a recent examination of the
typical specimen of the species.

Species VI. — Paussus Pilicornis, Donovan.
(Plate 89, fig. 1.)

Rufo-testaceus punctatus, elytris piceo-nigris, antennarum clava oblongo-ovata convexa apice

attenuata incurva pilis longis sparsis. Long. coip. lia. 2.
Habitat ia Bengala. In. Miis. D. Westermann.
Syn. — Paussus pilicornis, Donovan Ins. of India, pi. Paussus, fig. *:^*. Westwood,

Linn. Trans, xvi., p. 643.

This minute species having hitherto been known through
Donovan's insufficient figure and description, it is with pleasure
that I now offer a drawing of it, made from a specimen kindly sent
to me from Copenhagen by M. Westermann, for that purpose. It
is of a dark-red colour, with the exception of the elytra, which are
pitchy black, shining and strongly punctate. The head is sub-
triangular, with the anterior margin notched, and with an im-
pressed longitudinal line extending from the clypeus to the middle
of the crown, where is a rather larger circular impression ; the
angles behind the eyes are but slightly prominent ; the clava of the
antenna is very setose and somewhat reversed pear-shaped, the
basal portion being almost circular, with the outer angle at the
base produced into a short obtuse spine ; and the apical portion is

174 MONOGRAPH OF THE

attenuated and bent upwards, with a slight keel along the anterior
margin and a transverse depression near the base on the upper
side (fig. 1 b). The prothorax is subquadrate with the anterior part
broadest, constricted a little before the middle, the anterior angles
rounded off, and the fore part having an elevated angulated ridge,
which is broadly interrupted by a rounded depression in the middle;
the centre of the prothorax is occupied with a deep transverse
sulcus, and the hind part is occupied by two large raised glossy
spaces separated down the middle by an impressed line ; the elytra
are black, with the base rather pitchy, strongly punctate, and
setose. The abdomen is simple in the specimen examined (fig. 1 a).
The body beneath is pitchy, with the breast, legs, mouthy and head
of a redder pitchy colour.

[Fig, 1 c represents the labial palpus.]

Species VII. — Paussus Turcicus, Fridv.

(Plate 88, fig. 5.)

Oblongus rufus, capite elongato opaco, profhorace transversim diviso, elytris nitidis apice

dilatatis truncatis macula media communi longitudinuli fusca. Loug. Corp. lin. 2^.
Habitat in montibus Turcicis Balkan dictis.

Syn. — Paussus turcicus, Fridvaldszky in Hungar. Trans. 1835, vol. 2, pi. 6, fig. 5.
Westwood, in Trans. Ent. Soc. 2, p. 91.

I regret not being able to give any further particulars of this
species, which from its locality must be regarded as interesting.
The figure here given is copied from M. Fridvaldszky's plate.

Sob-section b. Antennarum clava postice excavata.
* Species Indica;. (Plate 90.)

Species VIII. — Paussus Tibialis, Westw.
(Plate 90, fig. 1.)
Castaneus nitidus, elytris plaga magna discoidali nigra, antennarum clava postice (vel supra)
profunde excavata marginibus vix sinuatis, tibiis posticis dilatatis compressis. Long.
Corp. lin. 2'|.
Habitat in Bengala. In Mus. D. Westermann et Melly.
Syn. — Paussus tibialis, Westw. in Trans. Liun. Soc. xix. p. 47.

This very distinct species is chesnut-coloured and glossy, vi'ith
the disc of each elytron marked with a large thick longitudinal
blotch, leaving only the margins pitchy red. The head is rather
narrower than the prothorax, nearly rounded and convex with the
anterior margin scarcely emarginate, and with an impressed line
running from the middle of the clypeus to the crown ; the sides of
the head behind the eyes are oblique and punctured. The second
joint of the maxillary palpi is very much dilated and flattened,

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E. l73

being almost circular, with the inner apical angle produced and
rounded, and the outer margin setose (fig. 1 a) ; the clava of the
antennae is subovate with the anterior margin acutely keeled and
rather curved, the base produced at the outer angle into a rather
obtuse tooth, the hind part of the antennae (fig. 1 b) incrassated and
deeply excavated, with the margins of the excavation nearly entire
and setose, but marked inwardly with several small oval transverse
impressions. The prothorax is rather broader than the head, and
bipartite, the anterior part with the sides obtusely angulated, and
the disc transversely elevated, the middle being slightly inter-
rupted ; the hinder part of the prothorax is deeply excavated in
the middle, with the edges slender and elevated. The elytra are
broader than the prothorax, gradually dilated to the extremities,
and of a shining black colour, with all the margins fulvous chesnut
and setose ; the disc very delicately and widely punctured when
seen through a lens. The four fore-feet are slender and cylindric,
but the posterior pair have the femora and tibiae dilated and com-
pressed ; the calcaria in all the feet appear to be obsolete,
[Fig. 1 c represents the underside of the abdomen.]
I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Westermann for a know-
ledge of this Indian species, which he forwarded for my examination
from Copenhagen.

Species IX. — Paitssus fulvus, Westw.
(Plate 90, fig. 3.)
Luteo-fulvus subopacus, elytris magis rufescentibus, rivuloso-rugosis, antennarutn articulo
basali, prothoracis lateribus posticis, femoribusque obscurioribus ; capita supra profiinde
rotundato-impresso. Long. corp. lin. 3.

Syn. — Paussus fulvus, Westw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xix. p. 47.
Habitat in India Orientali. In Mus. Hope et nostr.

The head is subtriangular, and is nearly as broad as the prothorax
behind the eyes, where it is angulated to the narrowed part or
neck ; the anterior part is truncated and slightly emarginate, with
an impressed line or gutter extending from the clypeus towards
the crown, where is a large and deep circular impression with the
margin elevated ; it is of a luteo-fulvous colour, sub-opaque, and
finely punctured. The antennae have the basal joint punctate, and
the clava is large broad ovate, depressed along the fore margin, which
is slightly sinuated, the hind part of the antennae being much
dilated and deeply excavated, with the entire margins of the
excavation sinuated, and the base, with the outer angle produced

176 MONOGRAPH OF THE

into a broad and obtusely rounded tooth. The maxillary palpi
have the second joint very large, punctate, and almost subcordate ;
the inner apical angle being rounded off; the labial palpi are
separated at the base by a minute conical piece or scape, as in
the type of the genus. The prothorax is bipartite, with the
anterior part rather the widest, its sides being produced into
rather acute angles, and its hind margin extended further back-
wards than in the preceding ; the middle part of the prothorax
is distinguished by a deep transverse impression, with the margins
elevated on each side. The elytra are much wider than the pro-
thorax, opaque and rugulose, the rugae running together very
irregularly. The feet are very much punctured, compressed, and
rather broad, the posterior tibise being slightly curved, and broader
than the others. The calcaria * are wanting, being replaced by
a few setse, similar to those at the tips of the joints of the tarsi.
The abdomen has a slight notch at the anus, but is destitute of any
external appendages.

[Fig. 3 a, represents the lower parts of the mouth ; 8 Z>, maxil-
lary palpus ; 3 c, back view of antenna ; 3 d, side view of front
of body ; 3 e, underside of abdomen.]

Species X. — Pausscs Stevensunus, Westw.
(Plate 90, Hg. 2),
Pallide luteus, capita subrugoso ; tuberciilis duobus eievatis inter oculos ; antonnarum clava
magna postice excavata, marginibus excavatiouis sinuato-tuberculatis ; elj'tris apicem versus
fasciculis duobus minutis setarum instructis, Long. corp. 3|.
Habitat in India Oiientali. In Mas. S. Stevens.
Syn.— PawssMS Skvensianus, Westw. in Lin. Trans, xix. p. 48.

This species is nearly allied to P. fulvus, but differs in its paler
colour, narrow feet, pair of tubercles between the eyes, &c. The
head is nearly as broad as the prothorax, pale luteous, finely
rugose, the posterior angles behind the eyes rounded off, with a
distinct neck, the fore margin or clypeus having a central notch,
from whence extends an impressed line to the middle of the crown,
where are two elevated tubercles excavated at the tips with a fine
impressed line between each of them and the eyes. The clava of
the antennae is large and strongly punctate, the anterior margin
acute and curved, and the posterior considerably dilated and
excavated, the sides of the excavated part being sinuato-tuber-

* By a typographical error the tibiae of this ppccies were described in the Linn. Trans, as
" calcaratis," instead of " ecalcaratis."

COEEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.f;. 177

culatod, and the basal external angle produced into a broad rourfded
lobo. The maxillary palpi have the second joint very broad. The
prothorax is bipartite, the sides of the anterior part being acutely
angulated with a transverse elevated carina, interrupted in the
middle, the posterior half of the prothorax with the sides elevated
and the middle deeply impressed, the hind part having two
elevated and rounded lobes in the middle. The elytra are pale
luteous, somewhat shining, with the hinder part darker, very finely
rugose, nearly twice as broad as the prothorax, having near each of
the posterior lateral angles a small fascicle of reddish rigid setae.
The legs are elongated, slender, and punctated, the posterior tibise
being rather broader than the others ; the tarsi distinctly five-
jointed, but with the calcaria obsolete and replaced by a few short
bristles, similar to those at the extremity of the joints of the tarsi.
The anal segment of the abdomen is furnished in the middle with
two curved horny points. The head and thorax beneath are pale
coloured, but the abdomen and mesosternura are darker.

Fig. 2 b represents the head and prothorax, seen sideways ;
fig. 2 a, the antenna seen from behind, showing the excavated part,
with its sinuato-tuberculated margins ; and fig. 2 c, the underside
of the abdomen.

Species XI. — Paussus Boysii, Westw.
(Plate 92, fig. 2, and pi. 90, fig. 6.*)

Luteo-fulvus, antennanira clava antice valde depressa, marginibus excavationis subrrenulatis,
capite supra in medio excavatione rotunda, clytris basi apiceque exceptis uigricantibus
singulo versus apicem setula instructo. Long. corp. lin. 3^.

Habitat in India orientali, D. Boys.

Syn Paussus No. 6. Boys in Journ. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, N.S., No. 54, p. 433, and

Tab. aiin., fig. 6.

The kindness of Captain Boys in sending to me his specimen of
this insect from India, enables me to determine its situation between
P. Stevensianus and fulvus, as it possesses the rugose elytra, armed
near the tip with a pair of short curved bristles of the former,
and the deep circular excavation of the head of the latter; it is
also much more glossy than the latter, and its legs are very much

* The wbole of the row of figures at the foot of pi. 90 are copied from the plates accom-
panying Captain Boys' memoir, of which he justly complains to me in his letters, that they
are veiy unfaithful copies of his drawings, which is certainly the case, Captain B. having sent
me his original figures as well as the insects themselves.

NO. XXIV. — \st JUNE, 1845. N

178 MONOGRAPH OF THE

narrower, as is also the reflexed lobe at the base of the club of
the antennae. The following is Captain Boys's description : —

" Length 6-20ths of an inch. The antennae are composed of two
joints, of which the last is very large and in the form of a wide-
mouthed cornucopia, being attached to the first at its basal angle.
The margins of the upper side are slightly crenulated, and the
upper surface is rather deeply excavated, giving this part a
cuspiform appearance. Anterior and posterior margins compressed,
the latter produced into a blunt recurved tooth. The sides of the
club are striped with six grooved bands ; the eye when seen from
above appears round, of an irregular oval shape when viewed from
the side. Head trigonal depressed, with a marginal excavation,
but no groove on the upper part. The thorax appears as if com-
posed of two portions, the anterior being angulated and forming a
rather sharp spine on each side, with its base inserted in the
posterior part ; this latter portion is crenulated, with the exterior
margins produced and rounded : a sulcus in the form of a bracket
crosses the centre. The elytra are black, broadly patched ante-
riorly with brownish sienna ; the posterior margin has a faint
imdefined line of the same colour, which blends into the general
black of the wing-cases. The follicles at the exterior margin of
the elytra posteriorly are much produced, and close to them on
each side is a very curious moveable spine (pi. 90, fig. 6 b), slightly
incurved and projecting over the latter segment of the abdomen
(fig. 6 a). Body beneath a bright chesnut ; head, antennae, and
thorax livid brown : all the joints in the tarsi are simple, cylin-
drical, furnished beneath with hairs, and of five joints in each leg,
the first small, the last longest.

" Note. — Taken accidentally, while sweeping in high grass, with
a net, under a Munja clump (Saccharinum Munja). On with-
drawing this insect from the net, it gave two very distinct
explosions, leaving the ordinary black stain on my fingers ; the
abdomen also swelled very much when submitted to the hot water
process.'" Upon being plunged into hot water, " a crepitation may
be heard, and the abdomen becomes greatly distended, probably
by rarefaction of air contained in vessels which give their assistance
in its explosive powers, and the part retains the inflated appearance
until a small perforation is made in it with a needle's point or
such-like instrument, which, allowing the escape of the confined

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID^. 179

air, enables the abdomen to contract to its natural size. The
same fact is peculiarly remarkable in many species of Brachinus."
PI. 92, fig. 2 a, represents the head and antennse seen sideways.

Species XII. — Paussus denticulatus, TVestw.
(Plate 92, fig. 1, and pi. 90, fig. 17.)

Obscure-brunneo-castaneus, setosus, elytrorum disco nigricanti, capite tuberculo minuto excavate
inter oculos ; excavatione clavae antennarum denticulata, prothorace postice latiori. Long.
Corp. lin. 2~.

Habitat in India orientali, D. Boys.

Syn. — Paussus No. 1. Boys in Journ. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, N.S., No. 54, p. 426, .and
tab. ann. fig. 1.

I am likewise indebted to Captain Boys for sending me his
specimen of this new and very distinct species. The following is
Captain B.''s description : —

" Length 7-20ths of an inch ; body brown, deeper in the middle
of the elytra. Antennae of two joints, of which the last is large,
cuspiform, and having dentated edges, with a scallop between each
tooth ; apex rounded exteriorly : basal angle produced, acuminate,
and forming a tooth at the end of the superior margins. Lower
portions carinated ; front view resembling the bows of a boat ; head
light brown, rounded posteriorly, emarginate in front, sunk nearly
to the thorax, and bearing a minute depression in the centre of its
upper part in the form of a diminutive horse-shoe. Eyes round
when viewed from above, reniform when seen in flank. Thorax
suboctagonal, with rounded margins anteriorly, angulated and
scalloped at the corners posteriorly, bisected in its centre, the
posterior portion bearing a strongly produced eraargination, which
crosses transversely in the form of a bracket. Tarsi simple, cylin-
drical, the last longest, the first very small, almost invisible ; of
five joints in each leg, all of which are furnished with hairs
beneath ; elytra truncated posteriorly, of a uniform width through-
out, slightly depressed ; body oblong flattened ; palpi conical, not
very salient ; maxillary ones tumid at the base and over-arching
the labials. Taken on a heap of manure at Plassie, near
Mhow."

Fig. ] a represents the head and antennae seen sideways, and 1 b

one of the hind tibiae and tarsi.

n2

180 MONOGHAPH OF THE

Species XIII. — Paussi's thoracicus, Donou.
(Plate 90, fig." 4.)

Fernitrineo-testaceus, clytrorum disoo late nigricanti, antennarum clava oblonga compressn
sub-trigona margine antico acuto, postico vel siipero excavato, cavitate ovali marginibiis
cremilatis ; prothoiaris lateribus anticis angulatis. Long. corp. lin. 3^.

Habitat in India orientali, Bengala, &c. In Mus. nostr., &c.

Syn. — Pa1lss7^s ihoracicus, Donovan. Epit. Ins. of Ind. t, 4, f. $. Westw. in Linn. Trans,
xvi. p. 640, tab. xxxiii. fig. 28 — 30.
Paussus trigonicornis, Latreille, Gen. Crust., &c. vol. iii. p. 3, pi. 11, fig. 8 ; Schonh. Syn.
Ins. 1, pt. 3, p. 19.

This species is subcylindrical, with the anterior part of the body
attenuated. The head is scarcely so broad as the front of the pro-
thorax, its anterior margin is acute and emarginate, its lateral
margins, as far as the eyes, nearly parallel ; an impressed line
extends from the middle of the clypeus to the crown, which bears
two small elevated curved ridges, which somewhat resemble a horse-
shoe, the intermediate space with two minute tubercles. The
maxillary palpi have the second joint very much dilated, but with
the apical internal angle not salient ; the terminal joint of the
labial palpi very slender. The antennae have the clava compressed,
oblong subtrigonate, with the anterior or lower margin acute, and
the posterior or upper one dilated and boat-shaped, or excavated
into an oblong- oval cavity, filled with pale coloured membrane, and
having each of its margins scalloped, each scallop marked with an
impressed dot ; the basal angle is produced into an acute point.
The prothorax is bipartite, the centre very deeply excavated, the
anterior portion with the margins acutely angulated, and with its
middle part dilated behind and emarginate ; the hinder part has the
sides in front considerably elevated and also angulated within.
The elytra are black, subopaque, with the base and narrow apical
margin of brick-red ; the disc with minute luteous scales, and their
sides with rigid setae standing out at right angles from the body.
The feet are elongate and slender, the posterior tibias being more
dilated and with the tips narrowed. The tibial calcaria are obsolete.
The extremity of the abdomen is furnished with two incurved
fascicles of hairs, and the anal segment is destitute of the two
curved horny points.

The observation of Latreille upon this species (the name of which
he unnecessarily altered to trigonicornis), "P. lineato proximus et
forte varietas elytris latius nigris," appears to me to be incorrect,
that species belonging as I imagine to the second section, and in

COLEOPTEROUfti FAMILY PAUSSID.E. 181

structure being nearly allied to P. affinis and Hardvvickii, The
supposition of Donovan that this insect and P. Fichtclii are the
sexes of the same species is certainly incorrect.

Fig. 4 a represents the antennaj seen from the front, and fig. 4 b
from behind.

Species XIV. — Paussus Fichtelii, Donov.
(Plate 90, fig. 5, 8, 9.)

Tostaceus clytrorum disco uigricanti, prothoracc angustiori sub-bipartito, antennaruui clava
oblouga postice excavata, cavitato pyrifoi'Qii inarginibus siuuato-denticulatis, capite supra
profunde excavate. Loug. corp. liii. 3.

Habitat iu ludia oiientali (Bengala, Calcutta, &c.) In Mus. Kirby, Sauuders, Boys, &c.

SvN. — Paussus Fichtelii, Donovan, Epirt. Ins. Iiid. pi. 4, f. *:).*. Westw. in Linn. Trans,
xvi. p. 641, tab. xxxiii. fig. 31, 33. Saunders in Trans. Ent. Soc, vol. ii. p. 83
pi. ix. fig. 1. Boys, in Jouru. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal, N.S. N° 54, p. 429, and tab.
ann., figs. 4 & 5.

This species is most nearly allied to P. thoracicus, from which,
however, it is abundantly distinct, the general shape of the clava
of the antennae, and the number of elevations on the margins of
the excavation being different ; the keel-like anterior margin of
P. thoracicus is replaced by an obtuse and irregular fore-margin,
the front of the head is more emarginate in P. thoracicus, and
more distinctly quadrate behind the eyes than in this species, in
which the impression on the crown of the head is much deeper and
rounder than in P. thoracicus, and incloses two minute, elevated
tubercles.

The margins of the elytra are simply pubescent, whereas they
are setose in that species ; the lateral lobes of the mentum are
long and acute ; the extremity of the podex (which, seen from
beneath, appears hke a fifth joint of the abdomen) is furnished
with two small tufts of short, thick hairs ; the legs are compara-
tively long and slender.

Captain Boys describes two varieties of this species, which are
evidently the sexes, one with the two diverging curved spines
beneath the extremity of the abdomen (pi. 90, fig. 8 a), which is
of an equal width throughout, and with the margins of the excava-
tion of the clava of the antennae presenting the appearance of a
screw; the other, destitute of the two curved spines (pi. 90, fig. 9 a),
and having the crenulations of the prothorax, across the centre,
more deeply sculptured and foliated, with the abdomen narrowed
as it approaches the thorax.

The former of these varieties, although considerably irritated.

182 MONOGRAPH OF THE

could not be made to crepitate; on the contrary, when touched, it
simulated death by contracting its limbs. The latter variety, how-
ever, discharged its little battery with facility, discolouring test-
paper, and staining the hands so strongly that it was not till the
end of eighteen days that the marks were worn out. On being
plunged into hot water, its abdomen became very greatly distended,
as is also observed in Brachinus, &c. when similarly treated.

The variety with the two horny ventral points was rescued by
Captain Boys, " from the gripe of a small black ant, which in
spite of its struggles was bearing it along with the utmost facility,
holding on by one of its antennse,"" thus confirming the fact of a
connexion between the ants and Paussi, analogous to that which
exists between the former and Claviger, &c., and leading to a clue
for the discovery and capture of other species.

Figs. 5 a, and 5 b, repreuent the antennae in different positions,
and 5 c, the underside of the abdomen.

* * Speciks African*. (Plate 91.)

Species XV Paussus excavatus, Westw.

(Plate91, fig. 2.)

Obscure fusco-rufescens vel castaneus, capita et prothorace paulo obscurioribus, antennarum
clava lata ovata basi hainato margine antico acuto et 4-foveato, postico valde excavate
marginibus sinuatis, capitis veryce bi-iinpresso, pedibus posticis latissimia. Long. corp.
lin. 2,

Habitat in Senegallia, Mus. Dupont. Parisiis.

Syn. — Paussus excavatus, Westw. in Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 637, pi. xxxiii. fig. 60, 61.
Paussus crepitans, Dupont, MSS.

The figure now published was made during a recent visit to
Paris, from M. Dupont's original specimen, which still, I believe,
remains unique. It is very closely allied to the next species, from
which, however, its geographical range as well as several structural
characters seem sufficiently to separate it.

The two oval excavations on the crown of the head are outwardly
margined by two narrow impressed curved lines, which become
nearly confluent behind ; the clava of the antenna is flat beneath,
and much more strongly punctured than above ; the hind part of
the head is very finely granulated, and the elytra are smooth.

Fig. 2 a represents the impressions on the crown of the head,
2 b, the antenna seen from above, and 2 c, the same seen as in a
transverse section.

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY I'AUSSID^i. 183

Species XVI. — Paussus ruber, Thunberg.
(Plate 91, fig. 1.)

Custaueo-ferrugiueus, sub-uitidus, vix pubcscens sub lente punctatissiiuus ; vcrticc iiupres-
sionibus binis p;irvis ovalibus, capite antice euiarginato; antennaium clava obovali uiai^ine
antico subrecto et subacuto irupicssionibus uouuullis transvcrsis brcvibus intra muiginein ;
margine postico oblongo-ovale excavate ; serieque transversa imprcssionum in pagina ejus
inferiore, auguio exteruo basali bamato niargineque basali bisinuato, tborace bipartito
parte antica in spiuaru conicaru utiinquc producta, parte postica longiore sed angustiore
aaticc lateraliter subspinoso disco profunde et irregulariter sulcato, pedibuB subdilatatis
complanatis rugose punctatis. Long. corp. lin. 2^.

Habitat apud Prom. Bon. Spei. D. Krebs. In Mus. Reg. Berolinensi.

Syn. — Paussus ruber Thunberg, Act Holm, 1781, p. 170. 1. Afzel. Linn. Trans, iv.
p. 27"2. Westw. Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 635. Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii., p. 88, pi. ix. fig. 5.

The above description and figure are made from a specimen in
the Royal Museum at Berlin, being the only individual I have
hitherto seen of the species which approaches very close to the
preceding.

Fig. 1 a represents the front of the body seen sideways ; 1 i, the
labial palpus ; and 1 c, the antenna seen from above.

Species XVII. — Paussus cochleahius, IVesiw.
(Plate 91, fig. 3.)

Ferrugineus subnitidus flavo-setosus, antennarura clava basi in spinam supra producta, valde
compressa dimidio apicali dilatato eroso-cochleario, capite antice emarginato linea im-
pressa ad medium (impressum) verticis extensa ; menti dente centrali fere obliterato ;
prothorace capite vix majori bipartito, parte antica lateribus angulatis et postice elevata ;
parte postica angulis ejus anticis lateralibus prominentibus, transversa, in medio valde com-
pressa tuberculisque duobus minutis centralibus; elytris seiis flavesceutibus (in lineas
irregulariter dispositis) indutis, abdominis segmeutis integris ; pedibus satis elongatis
tibiis praesertim dilatatis. Long. corp. lin. 2\.

Habitat in Africa Auslrali, (P.B.S.) In Mus. Melly, Westw. &c.

Syn. — Paussus cochlearius, Westw., in Trans. Ent. Soc, ii., p. 88, pi. ix. fig. 6.

The original specimen of this species, described by me from the
collection of Dr. Hooker, has been, with great liberality, added by
him to my cabinet. I have also received it from M. Dupont.

Figs. 3 a, and 3 b, represent the antenna seen in different posi-
tions.

Species XVIII. — Paussus Klugii, Westw.
(Plate 91, fig. 4.)

Niger ; capite antice emarginato linea impressa e clypeo ad verticem extensa, antennis nigris
punctatis, clava lateribus sub-parallelis margine antico fere lecto et acuto, postico vero
multo crassiori et in naviculam longam excavate cujus margo superior integer, inferior
vero tuberculis 6 instructus ; prothorace capite multo majori bipartito, parte antica late-
ribus angulatis et in medio transverse et acute elevata, parte postica e praecedente exca-
vatione magna et irregulari separata in qua macula 2 magna? laterales auieo-sericantes;
elytris laevibus nitidis piceis marginibus lateralibus apiceque rufescenti-luteis, pedibus
nigris geniculis tarsisque piceis crassis dilatatis, pari postico latiori, abdomine rufescenti
segmentis integris. Long. corp. lin. 3^.

Habitat apud Promont. Bonse Spei. D. Krebs. In Mus. Reg. Berol. et nostr. Amicissimo
communicavit D. Klug.

184 MONOGRAPH OF THE

Syn. — Paussus Klugii, Westw., in Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii., p. 85, pi. ix, fig. 2.
Paussus runcinatus , Klug MSS.

The tibiae are destitute of calcaria, and the outer margin of the
elytra is furnished with a series of curved setae. The middle tooth
of the mentuni is obliterated.

Fig. 4 a represents the labrum ; 4 b, the maxilla in situ ; 4 c,
the same detached ; 4 d, the mandible ; 4 e, the labium and its
palpi.

Species XIX Paussus Latheillii Westw.

(Plate 91, fig. 5.)

Castaneo-brunneus, elytrorum disco obscure, capite antice emarginato, tenuissiine punctulato
utrinque prope rflarginem internum oculorum impressione parva ovali, antennaium clava
elongata angustiori punctatissima postice excavata margine infero sub-serrato, palpis
maxillaribus articulo 2 do. dilatato ; prothorace capite multo majori, magis nitido bipartito,
parte antica lateribus augulatis parteque postica valde excavata maculis duabus aureo-
pilosis versus medium positis ; elytris parum nitidis et vix punctulatis disco nigricanti
luteo-setosis, pedibus obscurioribus punctatis, tibiis ecalcaratis, posticis duabus dilatatis.
Long. Corp. fere lin. 3,

Habitat iu Sierra Leona, Senegallia. Mus. Britann., Buquet, Norris.

SvN. — Xiphocera brunnea Latr. inedit.

From a sketch of the specimen of this insect in M. Buquet's
Collection, I was induced to believe it to be merely a variety of
the former species ; but having since had an opportunity of com-
paring my specimen of P. Klugii with specimens of this species in
the British Museum and Mr. Norris's Cabinets, I find them quite
distinct, not only in colour but in structure.

The calcaria are obsolete ; the lateral margins of the elytra have
a row of curved setae, and the segments of the abdomen are entire.

Fig. 5 a represents the head and prothorax, seen sideways ; 5 b,
the maxillary palpus ; 5 c, the abdomen seen beneath.

Section B, — Prothorax Subcontinuus.
Subsection a. — Species Aehican*.

Species XX. — Paussus sphjErocerus, Afzel.
(Plate 92, fig. 3.)

Rufo-castaneus nitidus, capitis vertice in cornu conico erecto apice piloso producto ; antennarum
clava sphaiiica livida magnitudine capitis basi hamato, carina minuta verticis tuberculo
pilifero castaneo terminata instructa, protboracc supra parum inaequali, subdepresso et
vix bipartito parte antica subelevata lateribus rotundatis postice subcmarginata ; parte
postica lateribus rectis margine anteriori signo medio quadrato, depresso, nigriscenti pos-
teriorique parum elevato, elytris punctatis rufescentibus ; pedibus longioribus graciliori-
bus subsequalibus. Long. corp. lin. 3^.

Habitat in Sierra Leona. D. Afzelius. Iu. Mus. Soc. Linn. Lond.

Syn. — Paussus spharocerus Afzelius in Linn. Trans, iv. p. 270, tab. 22 f. 2 — 6. Sturm.
Catal. mciuer ins. samml. pi. 4, fig. 31.
Paussus sphceroidcs, Donov. ins. Ind. sub g. Paussus.

The habits of this very distinct species have been partially

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSIDiE. 185

detailed in the introductory observations on the family (ante^ p. 3),
from the memoir of Afzelius, published in the 4th vol. of the Lin-
ngean Transactions.

Fig. 3 a represents the head and prothorax in profile ; 3 b, the
labium, maxillary and labial palpi ; 3 c, the labial palpus ; 3 d, one
of the tarsi.

SpECfEs XXI. — Paussus Armatus, Dejean.
(Plato 93, fig. 1.)

Oblongus baud uitidus, laevis obscure rufescenti-fuscus, capitis vertico spina erecta acuta
armato ; autennarum clava rotundato-ovali maiginibus acutis basi externe in spiuam
producta disco supra et infra convcxo ; prothorace capito fere augustiori, pedibus valdc
setulosis obscurioribus. Long. corp. liu. 5.

Habitat in Senegallia, Sierra Leoua, Gambia. In Mus. Dupont, Saunders, Hope,
ChevTolat, &c.

Syn. — Paussus armatus, (Dej.) Westw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. xvi, p. 645, pi. 33, fig.
62—64 ; Trans. Ent. Soc. vol. ii. p. 89.
Paussus cornutus, Chevrolat in Guerin Mag. de Zool. Ins. pi. 49.

The narrow prothorax of this insect distinguishes it from the
great majority of the species of this genus. The very setose legs,
and clava of the antennae, the latter not larger than the head and
closely punctured, the tibiae furnished with two spurs, and the
abdomen with two diverging horny points at the apex beneath, are
also amongst its leading characters. The head is opaque, but not
distinctly punctured, and the tarsi are as thick as the tibiae. The
structure of the palpi proves that this species is a species of the
present genus. The insect figured by M. Guerin under the name
of P. cornutus, Chevrolat, is identical with the present species, as,
indeed, M. Chevrolat has since ascertained, the name armatus
being now attached to the specimen in his collection. Figures 2,
2 a, and 2 b, are copied from M. Guerin's figures ; the spine of the
head is, however, much less acute than in the specimen represented
at fig. 6.

Fig. 1 a represents the head seen sideways ; 1 b, the maxillary
palpus; 1 c, the labial palpus; 1 d, the antenna; 1 e, one of the tarsi.

Species XXII. — Paussus cilipes, iVestw.

(Plate 93, fig. 3.)

Obscure rufo-castaneus, elytris magis rufesccntibus, capite oblongo obscuro punctato, antenna-
rum clava punctatissima sctulosa, rotundato-ovali, basi cxtus hamato, marginibus acutis
disco utriu(iue convexo, prothorace oblongo, capite vix latiori, in medio constricto, et
nigricanti ; paitc anlica elcvata linca teuui e suko medio anticc ducta, scd ad marginem
aniiciim baud cxtensa, tibiis obbcurc caslancia extus fulvo ciliatis vel sctosis ; capite supra

186 MONOGRAPH OF THE

tubeiculo paivo coiniformi aiiuato ; abdominis segmentis siuiplicibus ; elytris tcnue puuc-
tatis. Long. corp. liu. 3.
Habitat in Sierra Leona, D. Morgan. In Mus. Britann.

This species is closely allied to P. armatus, from which its small
size and more strongly punctate disc at once distinguish it. A
single specimen is contained in the British Museum collection, pre-
sented by the Rev. Mr. Morgan.

Fig 3 a represents the head seen sideways ; 3 h. and 3 c, the an-
tennse in different positions.

Species XXIII. — Paussus ^Ethiops, Blanch.
(Plate 93, fig. 6.)

Castaneus, sub-nitidus elytris magis rufescentibus punctatis, capite ante oculos breviori, vertice
spina tenui acuta setosa armato, antennarum clava ovali basi extus in spinani obtusani
producto, disco subdepresso sublente punctatissimo, tibiis gracilibus 2-calcaratis, tarsis 5-ar-
ticulatis articulo basali minuto, prothorace vix capite latiori medio constriclo, parte
postica in medio longiludinaliter late-impres&a ; abdominis basi et metasterno castaneo-
fulvis. Long. Corp. lin. 4^.

Habitat in Nubia, D. Botta. In Mus. reg. Paris.

Syn. — Paussus Mthiops, Blanchard in Regne An. Edit. Crochard. Ins. pi. 61, fig. 8.

The shape of the clava of the antennae, and the habitat of the
species, distinguish it from the other species with the head cor-
nuted between the eyes.

Fig. 6 a represents the head seen sideways ; 6 b, the maxillary
palpus ; 6 c, the antenna ; 6 c?, the same seen sideways.

Species XXIV. — Paussus dentifrons, Dej.
(Plate 93, fig. 4.)

Totus castaneo-fulvus nitidissimus ; antennarum clava brevi lata triangulari-ovata supra et infra
disco in medio convexo, basi trunctata et in spinam obtusam extus producta; veriice
spina erecta setigera armato ; elytris punctatis, prothorace antice lateribus dilatatis capite
latiori in medio profunde impresso et sulco tenui longitudinali fere ad raarginem aniicum
extensa ; pedibus coiiipressis nitidis, tibiis bicalcaratis tarsorum articulo basali minuto
abdominis segmentis simplicibus. Long. corp. lin. 4.

Habitat in Senegallia. Mus. Dupont, Gue'rin, nostr., &c.

Syn. — Platyrhopalus dentifrons, (Dej.) Westw. in Traus. Linn. Soc. xvi. p. 662, pi. 33)
fig. 68—70.

The structure of the palpi of this species proves it to belong to the
present genus, and not to Platyrhopalus, in which I had at first
provisionally arranged it. The form of the clava of the antennae,
and the very glossy surface of the body, separate it from the other
cornuted species of the genus.

Fig. 4 a represents the head seen sideways ; 4 i, the maxillary
palpas ; 4 c, the antenna \ * the same seen sideways; 4 d, one of the
tarsi.

COLBOPTEHOUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E. 187

Species XXV. — Paussus cukvrornis, Chevrolat.
(Plate 93, fig. 5.)

" D un ferrugineux un pcu obscur avec rcxtr^mite iles elytres plus pale ; tete ayant sur le
vertex uue poiute conique un peu courbee en avant, corselet divisc tiausversalcmcnt par
un fort etrauglemeut, ayant une profonde impression a son lobe posterieur ; e'lytres
presque lisses avecquelques tubercules tres petitset une legi^re dilatation ;\ Textre'inite et
en dehors; pattes d'uuc couleurplus foncee. Long. corp. 10 mill."

Habitat in Senegallia. Mus. Chevrolat.

Syn. — Paussus curvicornis, Chevrolat in Silberm. Rev. Ent. 4, 263 ; Gueiin, Iconogr. du
Regne An. Ins. pi. 40, fig. 8.
Fausstis cornutus, var. Chevrolat in Guerin Mag. de Zool. No. 49, fig. la, 2, 2a.

The accompanying figure and description are copied from the
works above referred to, as I have not had an opportunity of ex-
amining the species, and am not therefore able to speak with pre-
cision as to its more decided characters.

Fig. 5 a represents the head and antennae seen in front ; 5 b, the
head seen sideways ; and 5 c, the extremity of the abdomen beneath.

Species XXVI. — Paussus LjEVIfrons, Dej.
(Plate 92, fig. 4.)

Rufo-castaneus, elytris oiagis rufescentibus ; laevis nitidus latus subdepressus vix setosus ;
capite ineimi, amennarum clava fere ovata depressa basi truucata externe in unguem par-
vum producto margineque exteruo 4-subdentato ; prothorace utrinque antice rotundato-
dilatato ; palpis maxillaribus vix dilatatis, articulo 2do maximo ; elytris punctatis capite et
prothorace minus punctatis; tibiis 4-posticis 2-calcaratis, pedibus dilaiato-compressis. Long.
Corp. lin. 4^ — 5.

Habitat in Senegallia. Mus. Reiche, Dupont, Norris.

Syn. — Platyrhopalus IcBvifrons, (Dej.) Westw. Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 661, pi. 33
fig. 65-67.

The palpi of this species, upon examination of a specimen in the
collection of T. Norris, Esq., of Redvales, Lancashire, are found
to agree with those of the present genus in the relative length of
the joints, although the maxillary palpi are not so much dilated as
in many of the species.

Fig. 4 a represents the head and prothorax seen sideways ;
4 b, the maxillary, and 4 c, the labial palpi ; 4 d, one of the hind tarsi ;
4e, the abdomen in a specimen in Mr. Norris's collection.

Species XXVII. Paussus Shuckardi. Westw.

(Plate 92, fig. 5.)

Ferrugineus ; capite longitudinaliter et prothorace transverse sulcatis, hoc subbipartito ; anten-
narum clava longa tenui punctata subcylindrica basi externe subacuto ; clypeo vix
emarginato ; lateribus capitis inter oculos et basin antcnnarum elevatis ; menti dente
centrali fere obliterate dentibusque lateralibus obsoletis, palpis maxillaribus vix dilatatis
articulo ultimo minuto ; prothorace baud capite latiori lateribus antice obtuse dilatatis
parte antica elevata et in medio sulco subdivisa ; elytris Isvibus subnitidis ; pedibus com-

188 MONOGRAPH OF THE

preseis baud dilatatis punctatis setis brevibus aurantiis iadutis, tarsis brevibua 5-articulatis ;
abdomiuis apice subtus Bpinis duabus divergentibus armato. Long Corp. lin. 5^.
Habitat in Africa australi. Mus. Saunders.

This curious species is nearly allied to P. armatus, but I am
unable to distinguish any spurs at the extremity of the posterior
tibiffi, which are furnished with a number of short rigid setse.

Fig. 5 a represents the head and prothorax seen sideways;
5 i, the maxillary, and 5 c, the labial palpi; 5 </, one of the hmd tarsi.

Species XXVIII. — Paussus Lineatus, Thunberg.
(Plate 94, fig. 1.)

Rufescens glaber elytrorum disco nigro, thorace inasquali lateribus antice olevato et utrinquc
1-spinoso postice 3-foveato, antennarum clava magna, compressa apice obtusa basi externe
in spinam exeunte, capito punctato marginato " Magnitude Carabi 4-puatulati." Tbunb.
Long Corp. e. fig. Tbunbergi, lin, 3^.

Habitat ad Promont. bona; spei.

Syn. — Paussus lineatus, Thunberg Act. Holm. 1781, p. 171, pi. 3, fig. 4 and 5. Fabr.
Syst. Eleuth. 2.75.2. Herbal. Syst, ins. Col. vol. 4, p. 102, t. 39, fig. 7, a b. Westw.
Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 647.
Cerocoma lineata, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 1, 2. 82.

The above is an abstract of Thunberg's characters of a species
which is the only one in the genus from Southern Africa, with the
disc of each elytron of a black colour.

Species XXIX. — Paussus Affinis, Westw.
(Plate 94, fig. 2.)

Castaneo-rufus vel ferruginous subnitidus tenuissimc punctatissimus, elytrorum disco nigro
prothorace supra inoequali lateribus antice rotundatis, antennarum clava subovata subcou-
vexa, marginibus acutis basi externe in spinam conicam exeunte, margine postico sulcis
tribus obliquis fere obliteratis ; capite vix prothorace augustiori antice vix emarginato ;
vertice elevato et subcarinato ; elytris disco nigro vix punctatis, podice nigricanti ; pedibus
angustioribus tibiis subcylindricis. Long Corp. lin. 3|.

Habitat ? In Mus. Britann.

Syn. — Paussus affinis, Westw. Linn. Trans, xvi. p. 646, pi. 33, fig. 36, 37.

This species is very nearly allied to P. Hearseianus, but differs
in its comparatively longer prothorax, the sides of which, in front,
are more rounded and the disc not polished ; the club of the antennae
is of the length of the prothorax and has three very faint impres-
sions towards the hinder margin, with the disc not glossy ; the
antennae and legs are castaneous red, and the general colour more
of a dull brick- red.

There is no locality attached to the two specimens in the British
Museum collection, but in the MS. catalogue the insect is named

COLEOPTEROUS FAMILY PAUSSID.E. 189

lineatiis, and Africa given as its habitat, but probably merely on
the supposition of its being identical with Thunberg's species.
Fig. 2 a represents the antenna seen from above.

Subsection 6. — Species Asiatic*.

Species XXX. — Paussus cognatus, Westw.
(Plate 94, fig. 3.)

Rnfo-castancus nitidus piinctatus, dytrorum singiilo disco nigro, capite prothoraco parum .angus-
tiori clypeo baud emarginato, siilco tenui impresso et fere ad vcrticem diicto, hoc carina
media et impressionibus duabus semicircularibus; antennanim clava subovata, capite iiaud
majori intcgra subconvexa basi in spinani externe producto ; protlioiacc eordato-truncato
parte aniica capite paullo latiori lateribus rotundatis setosis, dorso in medio iuipresso
margine postico parum latiori, pedibus subcylindricis, tibiis 2-calcaratis, podice nigricanti
punctato tuberculisque duobus minutis conicis distantibus instructo. Long corp. lin. 4.

Habitat in India orientali Bcngala, Mus. Melly et Westermann.

Fig. 3 a represents one of the posterior tarsi.

Species XXXI. — Paussus Heauseianus, Westw.
(Plate 94, fig. 4).

Fnlvo-castaneus nitidus punctntiis, clytrorum singulo disco late nigro, capite pone oculos carina
elevata transversa in medio parum angulata alteraque longitudinali subobsoleta mediana
ad nasum fere ducta clypeo subemarginato ; antcnnarum clava subovata basi externe in
spinam conicam producta margineque postico supra oblique S-impresso; prothorace margi-
nibus antice angulato-rotundatis disco pone medium valde impresso sulcoque tenui medio
longitudinali, abdominis segmentis integris podice ferrugineo nitido, tibiis angustis apice
2-calcaratis. Long. corp. lin. 4.

Habitat in India orientali. Mus. Hearsey and Boys.

Syn. — Paussus Hearseyanus, Westw. in Proc. Linn. Soc. April 19, 1842. Boys in
Journ. of Asiat. Soc. of Bengal N.S. No. 54, p. 427, (No. 3) tab. ann. fig. 3.

A specimen of this species was first brought home by my friend,
Col. Hearsey, to whom I dedicated it ; three other specimens were
captured by Capt. Boys at Sultanpore, Benares, late on the evening
of the 21st of June, 1840, and another on the following evening.

Fig. 4 a represents the head seen sideways ; 4 />, the maxilla
seen from outside the mouth ; 4 c, ditto from within; 4 c?, the same
seen obliquely from the outside, the parts indicated by marks cor-
responding with those used in the other plates of this family ; 4 ?,
one of the hind tarsi ; 4/, the antenna ; 4^, the mandible.

Species XXXII. — Paussus Hardwickii, Westw.

(Plate 94, fig. 5.)

Rufo-castanens nitidus punctatus, clytrorum singulo plaga lata longitudinali nigra, antennarura
clava elongata lineari subcylindrica, basi externe in hamnm producto apiceque rotundato ;
clypeo subemarginato utrinque inter oculos longitudinaliter obsolete canaliculate carinaque
tenui e vertice ad clypeum extensa, protboracis lateribus antice rotundatis, capite baud
latioribus; sulco profundo transverse in medio; impressione tenui abbreviata ad marginem

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.

VOLUME I.

Page 12, Systella, W. ^ Trigonopteryx, Charpenfier. S. Raffiesii, W. = Tr. punctata,
eharp., teste De Haan in litt. [serl qiijere.]

Page 65, M. De Haan (in litt.) considers that Opsomaln gladiator belongs to the sub-
genus Pyrgomorpha of Serville. Its whole habit, however, is that of the
former genus.

Page 66, De Haan (in litt.) considers Bactrophora to be nearest allied to Pcecilocerus and
Phymateus.

Page 100, Mastax apicalis and vitrea are considered by M. De Haan (in litt.) t» be
varieties of one species which he has described in the Bijdragen, under the
name of M. Agrionoides, PI. 22, fig. 2.

Page 127, M. Schaum (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1844, p. 390), asserts that the female of
Schizorhina Guerinii, is the Cetonia collata of Gory and Perch (in Silberm.
3, 125), and that the fore tibiae of the males are tridentate ; " la superieure est
plus faible." I cannot, however, think that M. Guerin's specimen was thus
constructed. He proposes to form it into a new genus named Heterosoma.

Page 161, " Toxodera denticulata, Serv., was never received here from Java or any Dutch
colonies;' probably there has been a mistake at the Museum of Paris; it seems
much rather an African insect. The horn on the head in the MantidcB seems
a character of inferior value; Diana, StoU (Pictipennis, Serv.), with a horn,
has the same form of thorax and abdomen, the same colour of wings as M.urbana,
Fabr., and M. tricolor, Linn., without the horn. It is the same case, with the
pointed eyes, as Burmeister expressed it in Germar''s Zeitschrift (2, 29).
M. rubicunda, Stoll, 25, f. 96, with pointed eyes, belongs to the neighbourhood
of M. precaria. Blepharis and Schizocephala, with pointed eyes, are very
nearly allied to Phyllocr'ania and Tfiespis with rounded eyes. Tarachodes
coronata, Klug, and M. Oxypilus lobiceps, Bijdrag. (PI. 17, fig. 4, 5), have
both two little spines before the eyes ; for the rest, however, they are very distant
(vid. Bijd. p. 62). Orthodera has sub-conical eyes (vid. Burm. ii. p. 529)."
De Haan in litt.

VOLUME II.

Page 49, M. De Haan considers Diapherodes serricollis * to be identical with D. gibhosa

of Burmeister, and /). pumilio (p. 50), to be a young insect, [sed quaere ]
Page 51, M. De Haan assures me that the horn on the head of M. {Blepharis) Kuhlii, is

horny as in Bl. mendica, and not foliated as in Phyllocrania,
The same gentleman questions vihether Al.metallica (pi. 62, f. 3), is not a variety

of Metallyticus splendidus — (of which M, vifripennis, Burm., is the male) ;

but the two insects are not even congenerous, as may be seen at once in the

form of the prothorax, size of the fore feet, and eyes, colour of the hind

wings, &c.
Page 53, M. De Haan considers Proscopia occidentalis much nearer to Pyrgomorpha

than to Proscopia.
Page 54, The sub-genus Cephaloccema is synonymous with Astroma charp.
Page 56, Prochilus possesses the oval foramen near the base of the anterior tibia.
Page 71, M. Schaum (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1844, p. 401, pi. 10, fig. 1), has described

and figured the female Amaurodes Passerinii, from Port Natal.
Page 99, M. Schaum (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1844, p. 399,) considers Inca Sommeri to be

only a variety of/. Weberi {Trichius clathratus, Oliv. Joum. d'Hist. Nat.

pi. 6, f. 2). The same author has also described several new African species of

Heterorhina in the same Annales.f

* M. C. Sommer, Esq., of Altona, assures me that he has received this insect direct from
Para, in Brazil.

f Not having received the 3rd trimestre of the Annales for 1844, I cannot notice the
critiques of M. Schaum on my articles on the Goliath Beetles, which he has introduced into
the former part of his Memoir.

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