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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY

EDITED BY

T. EB. PAGE, yar: p. &. CAPPS, pH.p., LL.D. W. H. D. ROUSE, uirt.p.

ARISTOPHANES

I

jC APMAS Ti t4 ize dae

te) apes tre te yie AE fe

a,

AISTOPHANES

WITH THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF BENJAMIN BICKLEY ROGERS

M.A., D.LITT., BARRISTER-AT-LAW SOMETIME FELLOW OF WADHAM COLLEGE, OXFORD

IN THREE VOLUMES I

THE ACHARNIANS THE KNIGHTS THE CLOUDS THE WASPS

LONDON : WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD

NEW YORK: G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS MOMXXX

First Printed 1924 Reprinted 1926, 1930

Printed in Great Britain

PREFACE

By the assistance of Messrs. G. Bell & Sons the Editors are enabled to include in the Library the famous version of Aristophanes made by Dr. Rogers. His complete edition with its full Introductions, Notes, and Appendices, will remain indispensable to large libraries and scholars, but it is hoped that the present edition will make his work more access- ible to the general reader.

Introductions and explanatory notes have been added by the Editors. These for the most part contain only information which can readily be found elsewhere, but in cases where it seemed wise to give - Dr. Rogers’ exact view of a passage, short extracts from his notes are given in his own words.

CONTENTS OF

GeNERAL INTRODUCTION .

Tue AcHARNIANS—

Introduction Text and Translation

Tue Knicuts— Introduction Text and Translation Tue CLoups— Introduction Text and Translation Tue Wasrps— Introduction .

Text and Translation

WR a gece St

VOLUME I

PAGE

vii

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

AnrisToPHaNEs is an elusive poet. The main religious convictions of Aeschylus may be determined with certainty from his extant plays; attentive study of the dramas of Euripides reveals his cardinal opinions on politics, society and religion, and his philosophic attitude ; but who can affirm with confidence that he has penetrated the comic mask of Aristophanes and knows his beliefs? The poet’s mocking irony baffles and perplexes his reader at almost every turn. Evvnxad’ & Neyer ;-—wa Tov ’AwddArAwW "yd per ob,

One element of the poet’s irony is his apparent frankness. He has at-times the air of desiring to be taken seriously and seems to be expressing honest convictions. He is very suggestive and provokes reflection, but the attempt to reduce his opinions to system reveals the illusion. We become uneasily conscious that the great satirist is laughing behind his mask.

A proof of this deceptive quality of the poet’s humour is found in the diversity of the opinions that have been held as to his purpose in writing. It was once the fashion among modern interpreters to take him very seriously,—the comic poet disappeared in the reformer. He was eulogized as a moralist and patriot, whose lofty purpose was to instruct his fellow-countrymen ; as an earnest thinker, who had

ix

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

reflected deeply on the problems of society and government and had made Comedy simply the vehicle of his reforming ideas; as a wise and dis- cerning counsellor, who was competent to advise the citizens of Athens at a critical time on political questions and whose judgement of men and measures was sound; as a stern man withal, resolute in the performance of duty, the implacable and victorious foe of all, wherever found, who undermined the glory of Athens. This view, which Grote combated (History of Greece, \xvii), finds vigorous expression in the Apology of Robert Browning :

Next, whom thrash ?

Only the coarse fool and the clownish knave ? No! strike malpractice that affects the State, The common weal—intriguer or porns Venality, corruption, what care ‘ If shrewd or witless merely ?—so the thin Lay sap to aught that made Athenai bright And happy, change her customs, lead astray Youth or age, play the demagogue at Pnux, The sophist in Pa aistra, or—what’s worst, As widest mischief,—from the Theatre Preach innovation, bring contempt on oaths, Adorn licentiousness, despise the Cult. . .

But my soul bade “ Fight ! Prove arms efficient on real heads and hearts 1” ee I wield the Comic weapon rather—hate ! Hate! honest, earnest and directest hate— Warfare wherein I close with enemy. ... Such was my purpose : it succeeds, I say ! Have we not beaten Kallicratidas, Not humbled Sparté? Peace awaits our word. Since my previsions,—warranted too well By the long war now waged and worn to end— Had spared such heritage of misery, My after-counsels scarce need fear repulse. Athenai, taught prosperity has wings, Cages the glad recapture.

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Thus vaunts the poet, as Browning interprets him, just after the great victory won at Arginusae. “ Sparta is at our feet, a new day dawns, the War is at an end. For Athens has at length learnt the bitter lesson she might have been spared had she yielded to my pleas for peace.” The actual history of the next twelve months is pathetic. The battle at Arginusae, in which Callicratidas fell, restored the maritime supremacy of Athens, but peace was not secured. The Spartans made overtures, but the Athenian people, paying small heed to the “ good counsels ”’ that their Poet had given them in the Acharnians, the Peace, the Lysistrata, and in other comedies no longer extant, followed the lead of drunken Cleophon and rejected the Spartan pro- posals, just as five years before they had committed the grave error of accepting his advice after the Athenian victory at Cyzicus. Sparta _bestirred herself, Lysander was sent out, and within a year Athenian arms suffered irretrievable reverse at Aegospotami.

The poet’s counsels of peace were rejected. Peace came only with disaster. His “sage” solutions of many other burning questions were equally in- effective. If Aristophanes was working for reform, as a long line of learned interpreters of the poet have maintained, the result was lamentably dis- appointing’: he succeeded in effecting not a single change. He wings the shafts of his incomparable wit at all the popular leaders of the day—Cleon, Hyperbolus, Peisander, Cleophon, Agyrrhius, in succession, and is reluctant to unstring his bow even when they are dead. But he drove no one of them from power; there is little evidence, indeed, that

xi

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

he damaged their influence or even disturbed their brazen self-confidence. Cleon, when the poet’s libellous personal abuse became even in his judgement indecent, promptly brought him to his knees. “When Cleon pressed me hard and tanned my hide, and outsiders laughed to see the sport, I confess ”’— Aristophanes says in the Wasps—* I played the ape a bit.” He adds significantly that he failed to get popular support in this quarrel. The inference is that the people did not think badly of Cleon; but modern opinion of the popular leaders in Athens, formed on the evidence that Aristophanes is supposed ~ to furnish, has been persistently unfayourable, and Cleon’s rehabilitation as a sagacious, if turbulent, statesman who consistently maintained the imperial policy of Pericles has been slow.

The poet vehemently protested, it has been said, against the New Education, and viewing the whole intellectual tendency of his time with alarm, pleaded for a restoration of the simple discipline that had moulded the morals and minds and manners of the hardy men who fought at Marathon. Furthermore, © he clearly apprehended the evils inherent in the Athenian system of judicature, which committed the administration of justice to a horde of common men, ignorant of the law, swayed by the impulse of the moment, “ monsters of caprice and injustice,” and ruthlessly exposed the unrighteousness of its pro- ceedings. Finally, reverent of the best traditions of the stage, he stood forth, it is alleged, as their tho) compromising defender, and sternly resisted the?) innovations that were gradually changing the spirit | and the form of tragedy during the last third of the~ century, and for a generation relentlessly pursued

xii

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PY) PS J

x

——

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

their chief exponent, concealing an attack that was meant to ruin him under the veil of caricature, parody, burlesque, and satire. But Socrates still frequented, winter and summer, the gymnasia, the market and the schools, and the Sophists continued to discourse and draw their pay; Philocleon, after a single experience of the pleasures of polite society, again forgathered with his cronies before the dawn of day and trudged away to Court; and Euripides, calmly disregarding the malicious strictures of his youthful critic, continued to write tragedy in his own manner and to present on the stage plays that were heard by the young men of Athens with wild acclaim.

This extreme conception of the funetion of Greek comedy as chiefly censorial and monitory has been modified with larger and more exact knowledge of the times in which the poet lived and of the conditions of life under which he wrote, but it has had unfortunate consequences. These plays have been regarded as a trustworthy source of information in establishing the facts of Greek history, biography, and institu- tions. So serious an interpretation of a form of literature of which the primary intention must always be entertainment and amusement inevitably obscured the poet’s elusive humour. A jest became a state- ment of fact, a caricature a portrait, a satire a docu- ment. The poet’s conception, clothed in a fantastical disguise that rivalled the grotesque dress of his own actors, has been essentially misapprehended in an entire play.

On the other hand the mistaken disposition, recently manifested, to regard Aristophanes simply as a jester and to deny that he had any other purpose than to provoke laughter is an extreme, though

xiii

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

natural, reaction. This view denies at the same time, as might have been expected, the cathartic efficacy of Greek tragedy. The highest comedy, typed in the earlier plays of Aristophanes, and in some of the comedies of Moliére, is regenerative. | The purpose of Aristophanes in the Acharnians, in / which the action turns upon the impossible and / fantastic whimsy of an Athenian farmer securing ' fpeace with Sparta for himself and his family alone, \. lis to ridicule the war-party. Nobody would have been more amused than the poet if he had been told that his play was to stop the fighting, but he did believe that the War was an evil, and so far his heart was honestly in his theme; and I have no doubt that many a man who had laughed uproari- ously at the peace-loving farmer set single-handed in the comedy against a quarrelsome chorus, a powerful general, the whole tribe of sycophants, and the demagogue Cleon in the background, went home from the play less content with the-course_of his , ‘ political leaders and longing in his heart for the good — old days of peace. The instrument by which the — poet probed the popular discontent was that most effective of all means when skilfully used—a laugh. To regard Aristophanes as merely a jester is to” mistake the man. Ridicule of contemporary persons, ~ that is generally good-natured, or systems or pre- vailing ideas is his main purpose, I think, in his plays. His praise is for the dead. This ridicule, © which ranges from satire to airy conceit, is made — humorous by centering it in a far-fetched fantastic — conception that is not the less available if it is ~ impossible. Facts are exaggerated or invented with — superb nonchalance and bewildering semblance of —

xiv

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

vsality. In these mad revels of unrestrained fancy | is difficult to lay hands upon Aristophanes the man. _ ‘Mevertheless we do discover probable indications of

\is attachments and beliefs. He lived in an age of ‘atellectual unrest when many vital questions pressed ‘or solution. ‘That a man of his intelligence did not sive them consideration and reach conclusions is mpossible. No doubt he detested a debauchee— et Ariphrades bear witness,—but he must have sympathized with the revolt of the young men of his day against the severe and meagre discipline in which youth were trained during the first half of the century, and must have shared in their eager interest _ in the new subjects of knowledge. No doubt he deprecated the vicious use of the skill for which _ Strepsiades clamours in the Clouds, but he had too keen a mind to fail to distinguish between the right and the wrong use of this power or to reject all study of the art of persuasion because it might be abused. He was himself a skilful dialectician, as the Debates found in nearly all his comedies. prove. He was acquainted with Socrates and must have known that he never misused his wonderful dialectical power, and must have felt an expert’s special thrill of | pleasure in observing with what skill he employed it. Furthermore, the times in which the poet lived were troublous ; the fate of Athens again and again stood on the razor’s edge. He was not indifferent to the welfare of his country nor of his fellow-countrymen. There is a serious undertone in the Acharnians that gives it an indescribable elevation, and in the Lysis- trata, a Rabelaisian play written after the disaster to Athenian arms in Sicily, in which, Thucydides records, fleet and army utterly perished, and of the

xV

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

many who went forth few returned home, there are verses of intensest pathos that betray the poet’s poignant sympathy : ‘

ovx éorw avip év TH xwpa; pa AU od Sir’, eld’ Erepdbs tis.

Aristophanes, then, was a man of quick sympathies and settled convictions, although positive expression ‘of belief and feeling is naturally rare in his plays, since he was a writer of comedy. Despite this reticence, it is both interesting and important to determine, so far as this may be done, his opinions on the questions that in his day were pressing for answer, and among these especially his political position. Was he an aristocrat? Was he, in par- ticular, as M. Couat believed, a pamphleteer in the pay of the aristocrats? Or was he a democrat? And if a democrat, how is the satirical—but extremely comical—characterization of Athenian Demus in the Knights, which his countrymen viewed with good- natured amusement, to be interpreted? To these weighty and significant questions the reader may find an answer by studying the plays for himself.

JOHN WILLIAMS WHITE.

[This Introduction is reprinted from Dr. Loeb’s translation of Aristophanes and the Political Parties at Athens by Maurice Croiset. It was originally arranged that the trans- lation of Aristophanes for the Loeb Classical Library should be made by Professor John Williams White of Hapvaset University, but as he died before his work was completed it was thought that the printing of the above as an Introduction to the volumes which were to have been his work would be a fitting tribute to the memory of one who, while he was alive, took the deepest interest in the welfare of the Library.]

xvi

THE ACHARNIANS

VOL. I ; B

INTRODUCTION

The Acharnians was produced at the Lenaean Dionysia i in February 425 B.c., and like the Banqueters in 427 and the Babylonians in 426, it was in the name of Callistratus that it was brought out. The prize was awarded to Aristophanes; Cratinus with his Storm-Tossed (Xeipa(duevor) was second, and Eupolis with his New Moons (Novpyviac) last. It is the oldest Greek comedy which has survived.

The general idea of the play is so simple that it needs no special Introduction. ‘An honest | citizen, finding it impossible to get the State to | conclude a peace with Sparta, makes a private | peace on his own account; and thenceforward is represented as living in all the joys and comforts of Peace, whilst the rest of the City continues to suffer the straits and the miseries of War. But this simple plot is worked out and illustrated with = abundance of laughable and picturesque incidents.” Indeed Mr. Rogers considers that ‘if only one of his Comedies had survived to our day, I think that this is the one which would have given us the most comprehensive idea of the range of Aristophanic satire,” and he adds: “If it has not the concen- | trated power of his later plays, yet no other Comedy exhibits the same variety of incident. With the

* Rogers, Introduction, p. xxvi.

3

ARISTOPHANES

prodigality of youth, the poet runs through the whole gamut of his likes and dislikes; his longing for Panhellenic unity, as in the great days of Marathon and Salamis; his efforts for right and justice, 75 <b kat 7d Séxacov, in Athenian public life ; and again the special objects of his aversion, as contravening these aims— the demagogues, the Informers, the war-party, the sophists, the lowering of the old heroic tragedy by.Euripides— are all brought before us in turn; the germs of almost all his later efforts are discoverable in this early production.” ¢

The Chorus consists of old men from Acharnae, a town which had especially suffered from the invasion of Archidamus, and which was celebrated for the « manly and soldier-like qualities’ of its inhabitants who “at the commencement of the Peloponnesian War furnished a contingent of no less than 3000 hoplites’’ (cf. 1. 180 and note).

* Introduction, p. xxvi,

TA TOY APAMATOS IIPOSQTIA

ATKATOMNOATS KHPTZ

AM#I9OEOz ITIPEZBEIZ WVETAAPTABAS OEQPOS

XOPOZ AXAPNEQN IYNH Acxacordrdos OTTATHP Accacordddos KH®IZ0G0ON depdrwy Etpurliov ETPITLIAHS AAMAXOX METAPEYTZ

KOPA A kal B Ovyarépe rod Meyapéws ZTKOPANTHS BOINTOZ

NIKAPXOZ

SBEPATON Aapdyou TEQPTOZ ITAPANTM#0E ATTHAOI

AXAPNEIS

AIKAIONIOAIS. “Ooad1) d€dnypar Ti ewavrob Kapoiav, 4 \ /, / \ / é HoOnv d5é Boa: mavu Sé Baa: rérTrapa* a& 8 ddvv7AOynv, pappoxoo.wydpyapa. ' Ps / > 7 + / dep iow, ti 8 yobnv akiov xarpyddovos; eyad’ ef @& ye To Kéap eddpavOny idwv, 5 a / / / > /, tots mévte TaAdvTous ofs KAéwv e&ijpecerv. af? 4 > / \ ~ \ ¢ / Tal” ws éyavwOnv, Kat PiA@ tovs imméas dua Tobro Totpyov: d&vov yap “EAAdée. > > > / a Ss / GAN wduvyjOnv Eerepov ad tpaywod.Kor, ore 51) *kexHvn mpocdoKav tov AicyvAov, 49 6 8’ dveimev “‘ cicay’, & Odoyv, Tov xopdv.” m&s totr écewwé pov, Soxeis, THY Kapdiav; > + Vers Lid et ints | /, \ adr’ Erepov jobnv, jvix’ émi Mooxw more AcEéifeos eioiAP’? aodpevos Bowwdtvov. ~ > > / \ / > 4 thtes 8 anéavov kat duveotpddyy iddv, 45 ore 57) Trapexvise Xaipis emt tov dpbiov. > > > 4 > 2¢é Ld > \ cs aan’ odderdmor e& dTov *yw pimTopat ovtws &d7xOnv bo Kovias Tas odpts

* In the background are three houses : the central one that of Dicaeopolis, the other two those of Euripides and Lamachus. In the foreground is a rough representation of the Pnyx ~ where D. is awaiting the opening of the Assembly.

> Received as a bribe from certain of the allies to get their tribute-assessment lowered. The Knights compelled him to disgorge.

6

THE ACHARNIANS

DICAEOPOLIS.* What heaps of things have bitten me

to the heart !

A small few pleased me, very few, just four ;

But those that vexed were sand - dune- hundredfold.

Let’s see: what pleased me, worth my gladfulness ?

I know a thing it cheered my heart to see ;

"Twas those five talents’ vomited up by Cleon.

At that I brightened ; and I love the Knights

For that performance ; ’twas of price to Hellas,

Then I'd a tragic sorrow, when I looked

With open mouth for Aeschylus, and lo,

The Crier called, Bring on your play, Theognis.°

Judge what an icy shock that gave my heart !

Next ; pleased I was when Moschus left, and in

Dexitheus came with his Boeotian song.4

But oh this year I nearly cracked my neck,

When in slipped Chaeris for the Orthian Nome.

But never yet since first I washed my face

Was I so bitten—in my brows with soap,?

¢ A very: dull, frigid poet, ef. T. 170 and note.

4 One of the famous lyrical nomes of Terpander; the Orthian was another; a spirit-stirring strain as of soldiers marching to victory. Chaeris was a Theban piper, who used to slink in to feasts uninvited.

* brd xov. r. 6, unexpectedly for bm’ édvvns Tiv Kapdiay or the like. T

ARISTOPHANES

e ~ € ey! v7 / > , ds viv, dmdr’ ovons Kupias exKAnaias a ¢ \ éwbwijs Epnos 4 md adryi: of 8 év ayopa Aadotar, Kdvw Kai KdTw A U TO cxowiov pevyovor TO pemiATwmpevor 29> ¢ / Ld > > > / od8 of mpuTdvers yKovow, add’ awptay HKoVTES, Eira 8 woTLodvTaL ms SoKeis eAOdvres GAAjAoLoL mrepl mpdrov EvAov, ‘GOpdou Katappéovres: elpyivn 8 omws ” m~ > ) / > / / Zora. mpoTrysao’ ovdev w@ mods, TALS. .éy@ 8 dei mpdtiotos eis exxAnotav | voorav Kdibnwar Kar” emedav @ povos, oTévw, Kéxnva, okopdwOpar, Tépdopat, dmop®, ypadw, mapatidropat, Aoyilopar, 4 {Te \ daoBrérawv és Tov aypdv, elpyvns <pav, oruyav pev dorv, Tov 8 euov Shpov moldy, ds otderumor’ elev, avOpaxas mpiw, > a” b ” 39> ” / ovK df0s, odK EAaov, od WOEu Tp, > > 2. a A "a > / > ~ GAN’ adbros éhepe mdvTAa XW TpLOV amp. vov ody arexvds yKw TapecKkevacpevos Body, soxpovew, AowWopeiv Tods pyTopas, 27 »” \ \ > td / édv tis GAAo wAjv wept cipyvyns AéEyp. GAN of mpuTdvets yap odrou peonuBpwot. ov Hydpevov; Todr exeiv” obyd “Aeyov" els Tiv mpocdplav mas avip @orilerar. KHPYz. mdapit eis TO mpdaber, / > ¢ a“ > \ Ss ~ / mdpil’, ws dv evros Are Tod Kabdpparos. AM@I@EOS. 707 Tis el7e; / > 4, , KHP. tis ayopevew BovAerar; AM. ey.

* A rope dripping with ruddle, used to sweep in loiterers from the Agora,

8 Wee ye

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THE ACHARNIANS, 19-46

As now, when here’s the fixed Assembly Day, And morning come, and no one in the Pnyx. They’re in the Agora chattering, up and down Scurrying to dodge the vermeil-tinctured cord.4 Why even the Prytanes are not here! They'll come ; Long after time, elbowing each other, jostling For the front bench, streaming down all together You can’t think how. But as for making Peace They do not care one jot. O City! City! But I am always first of all to come, ‘ And here I take my seat; then, all alone, — I pass the time complaining, yawning, stretching, I fidget, write, twitch hairs out, do my sums, Gaze fondly country-wards, longing for Peace, Loathing the town, sick for my village-home, Which never cried, Come, buy my charcoal, or My vinegar, my oil, my anything ;° But freely gave us all; no buy-word there. So here I’m waiting, thoroughly prepared To riot, wrangle, interrupt the speakers Whene’er they speak of anything but Peace. —But here they come, our noon-day Prytanes !_/ Aye, there they go! I told you how ’twould be3 Every one jostling for the foremost place. CRIER. Move forward all, Move up, within the consecrated line. AMPHITHEUsS.° Speaking begun ? cR. Who will address the meeting ? am. I,

» These are all city cries. In 1. 36 the pun in mplwy (lit. “saw” or “ sawyer”) is obscure: it may mean “ that grating rasping word.”

* Entering in a violent hurry.

ARISTOPHANES

KHP. Tis WV;

AM. "Audideos.

KHP. ovKk avOpwros ;

AM. ov, dN’ abdvaros. 6 yap "Audibeos Anunrpos 7 Hv Kat Tpumrodepov- tovtov d€ KeAeds ylyverau yapet dé Kedcos Pawaperyy TH Onv cpa, e€ is Auxivos eyever €k TOUTOU 8 ey 50 abdvares eiu’* ewoi 8° érrérpeav of Deol orrovdas trovetaban pos Aakedaysovious Love. adr’ abdvaros wv, dvdpes, efdde’ odK exw od yap diddacw of mpuTavets.

KHP. ot roێdTat.

aM. ® Tpimrodcue Kai Kered, mepidieobe we; 55

Al. @vdpes mpuTdvers, adiKeire THY exKAnoiav Tov avop amdyovres, doris Hiv “Oed€ oTrovoas Toujoa Kal Kpeudoas Tas aomidas.

KHP. Kd0no0 otya.

Al. pa tov ’AmdAAw *yd pev ov, nv pr) Tept elpyvns ye mpuTavevontre pot. 60

KHP. oi mpéoPes of mapa Baoréws. / / ” > \ , Al. troiov Baoiléws; axPoua "yo mpéoBeor Kal Tots ta@ot Tois T dAalovedpaow. KHP. olya. Al. BaBadé, dxBdrava, Tod oxjparos. > / > ¢ lon € /, \ / MPESBrS. eréeupal” yuds ws Baoida tov péyav, 65 pucbov dépovras dvo dSpaxyas THs Hépas em” Edvdupévous dpxovtos*

: Scythian archers were the regular police at Athens. A. is ejected as not being an Athenian citizen when he begins to talk of “* peace ” and complain of the magistrates.

10

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THE ACHARNIANS, 46-67

Who are you? Amphitheus. Not a man?

No, an immortal. For the first Amphitheus Was of Demeter and Triptolemus The son: his son was Celeus ; Celeus married Phaenarete, who bare my sire Lycinus. Hence I’m immortal ; and the gods committed To me alone the making peace with Sparta. But, though immortal, I’ve no journey-money; The Prytanes won't provide it.

Archers,* there ! O help me, Celeus ! help, Triptolemus ! Ye wrong the Assembly, Prytanes, ye do

wrong it, Haling away a man who only wants To give us Peace, and hanging up of shields. St! Take your seat. By Apollo, no, not I,

Unless ye prytanize about the Peace.

O yes! The Ambassadors from the Great King ! ® What King! I’m sick to death of embassies, And all their peacocks and their impositions. Keep silence ! Hey!!! Ecbatana, here’s a show.

AMBASSADOR. Ye sent us, envoys to the Great King’s

Court, Receiving each two drachmas daily, when Euthymenes was Archon.

> Enter, clad in gorgeous oriental apparel, the envoys sent to the Persian court eleven years previously in the archonship of Euthymenes 437-6 8.c.

11

ARISTOPHANES

Al. oto Ta&v Spaxypav. mp. Kal O47’ erpvydpeba Sua TOV Kaitiorptav mediwv ddoiTAavobyrTes eoxnvnpevot, éf” dppaywatdv padOakds Kkaraxeievor, 70 amoAAvpevor. Al. opodpa yap eowlouny eyo Tapa THhv emarEw ev popuT@ KATOKELMEVOS ; up. €evilduevou d€ mpos Biav ézivomev

> ¢ , > / \ / e€ tadivwv éexTwpatwy Kal ypuvcidwr aKpatov olvov 7dvv.

Al. ® Kpavad rors, 75 > > / A / ~ / dp atobdaver TOV kardyehov TOV mpéoBewv ; TIP. 8 BdpBapor yap avdpas yyotvrat povous Tovs mActora Suvaprévous karapayety Kal qui. Al. 7yeis 5€ Aatkaords Te Kal KaTramvyovas. ” / > > \ / > ” mp. ere. terdptw 8° és ta Bacire HArAGopev: 80 > > > > / A \ / GAN’ cis amdmarov wyeTo, oTpatiav AaBayv, Kaxelev oxTm ptvas emt ypvodv dpdav. Al. mdéoov dé Tov mpwKTov xpovou Evviyyayev; IP. TH mavocAjyvw: Kar amnddev oixade. > 7s / > ¢ bd elr’ e€évile* mrapetiber 8 iv ddovs 85 €x KpiBdvov Bods. Al. kal tis elde mamoTe Bots xpiBaviras; tav aAalovevparwr. \ \ \ >» / , mp. Kat vat pa Ac’ dprw rpimAdovv KAewvdpov / c a ” > > an / mapeOnkev Hiv: dvoua 8 hv adtt@ hevak. ak et. a i / , / \ / Al. Tatr’ dp’ edevaniles ot, S00 Spaxpyas Pépwv. 90

@ He calls the Acropolis by this special title (kpavass= “ rugged ”’) because it suggests a contrast with the luxury of these envoys.

» For these mythical hills ¢f. Plaut. Stich. i. 1.26“ Persarum | Montes, qui esse Aurei perhibentur.” els daéz., “to the

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DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 67-90

O me, the drachmas ! And weary work we found it, sauntering on, Supinely stretched in our luxurious litters With awnings o’er us, through Cajystrian plains. ’Twas a bad time. Aye, the good time was mine, Stretched in the litter on the ramparts here ! And oft they féted us, and we perforce Out of their gold and crystal cups must drink The pure sweet wine. O Cranaan? city, mark you The insolent airs of these ambassadors ? For only those are there accounted MEN Who drink the hardest, and who eat the most. As here the most debauched and dissolute. In the fourth year we reached the Great King’s Court. But he, with all his troops, had gone to sit An eight-months’ session on the Golden Hills >! Pray,at what time did he conclude his session? At the full moon ; and so came home again. Then he too féted us, and set before us Whole pot-baked oxen— And who ever heard Of pot-baked oxen? Out upon your lies ! And an enormous bird, three times the size Of our Cleonymus ¢: its name was—Gull. That’s why you gulled us out of all those drachmas !

latrines,” is substituted rapa rpocdoxtay for eis 7bdeuov or the

like.

¢ See Index: he was very fat and a rascal; in ¢évat there is a play on poté.

13

ARISTOPHANES

AM. Kal viv ayovres yKowev VevdapraBar, Tov Baoirdws ddbaduor. Al. exndrpere ye KO pag mardéas Tov ye aov Tov mpéoBews. KHP. 6 Raikes opbadpos. Al. dvak ‘HpdxaAes: ™pos Tov bedv, dvopwre, vavppaKTov Brérrets 5 395 7 Tmept dicpav Kedparr ey VEWGOLKOV oxomeis ; doKeop,’ exets qWou Tepl Tov 6pbahyov KATO ; mp. aye 57) av, PBaorleds atta o° amémepibev pacov A€Eovr’ "AGyvaiovow, @ FevdaprdBa. Steer iaavey laprapav eEape’ dvamicodvat odtpa. 100 . Evvjcal? 6 Aéyers Al. pa tov ’Amdddw ” yo peev ov. mp. méurbew Baorréa gno bpiv Xpvotov. Aye 57) od petlov Kat oadpdis TO xpvaiov. VEY. ov Aji. xpico, XavvdrpwKr’ "laovad. Al. aac Kakodainwr, ws cadds. TIP. Ti dat Adyer; 105 Al. 6 Tt3 Xavvompwxrous Tovs *Idovas Aéyer, et mpoodoKdar xpvoiov éK Tov BapBapwr. mp. ovK, dN’ axdvas d0¢ ye Xpvotov Aéyet. Al. 7olas dxavas ; od pev dralav ef péyas. adn’ diarB« eya) dé Bacand ToOrov peovos. 110 dye 57) od dpdoov eyol cadds, mpds Tovrovi,

¢* A fellow who will give you false measure,” dprd8n being a Persian measure.

>» The Scholiast says: @&e.o. reparwons tis yedolws éoxeva- opévos, Kal dpbadpyov exwv tva él mavrds rod mpoowrov.

¢ Because an eye was.commonly painted on each side of a ship’s bow.

# This jumble is generally supposed to mean J have just begun to repair what is rotten.

14

THE ACHARNIANS, 91-111

ams. And now we bring you Pseudo-Artabas ¢ The Great King’s Eye.’ DI. O how I wish some raven Would come and strike out yours, the Ambassador’s. crieR. O yes! the Great King’s Eye ! DI. O Heracles ! By Heaven, my man, you wear a war-ship look ¢! What! Do you round the point, and spy the docks ? Is that an oar-pad underneath your eye ? AmB. Now tell the Athenians, Pseudo-Artabas, What the Great King commissioned you to say. Serndeiirahs. Ijisti boutti furbiss upde rotti.4 AMB. Do you understand ? DI. By Apollo, no not I. aMB. He says the King is going to send you gold. (To Pseudo.) Be more distinct and clear about the gold. PsEuD. No getti goldi, nincompoop Iawny. DI. Wow, but that’s clear enough ! AMB, What does he say ? pi. He says the Ionians must be nincompoops If they’re expecting any gold from Persia. AMB. No, no: he spoke of golden income-coupons.é DI. What income-coupons? You're a great big liar ! You, get away ; I'll test the man myself. (To Pseudo.) Now look at this (showing his fist): and answer Yes, or No!

¢ dyxdvy is apparently a large provision-basket. 15

KHP.

Al.

AM. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

iva py oe Baixo Bappo Lapdvavexdv*

Bactreds 6 péyas hyuiv aoméuiber ypvotov; (dvavevet.)

ddAws ap’ eEaratwpel’ bro THv mpécBewv; (émwevet. )

‘EAAnvixov y’? emévevoay avdpes odtou, 115 KovK €o8” émws ovk cioly evbevd’ abrobev. Kal Toi pev edvoUxow TOV ETEpoV TOUTOVL eyed 6s €oTt, KAcrob evs 6 LPBupriov. @ BeppoBovrov TpwKTov eupnpeve, ToLovoe , ® miOnke, Tov more” exwv 120 edvodxos jpiy, 7)AGes EoKEvAGHEVOS ; 60l O€ Tis moT e€oTiv; ov SyHmov Urpatwr. oiya, Kable. tov Baotrdws db0adpov 7 Bovdr Kade? els TO mpuTavetov.

tadra Sir odK ayxovn; 125 Kamer’ éyw dAr evOadi orparevomat, tovs d€ Eevilew ovdémoT’ love y’ 7 Bupa. GAN’ epydoouat tu Sewov Epyov Kal péya. adr’. *Apudibeds or rod ’otw;

ovTool mapa.

€uot od Tavtact AaBdy dxrd dSpaxpyas 130 omovoas moinoa mpos Aakedaysoviovs movm Kal Totou matdiovo. Kal TH mAdTiOL* duets 5€ mpecBeveobe Kal KexnveTe.

@ j,e. red, the colour of blood ; cf. P. 1174.

» The two eunuchs in attendance on Pseudo-Artabas.

* See Index. D. hurls against the effeminate youth two lines parodied, the first from Euripides, tpwxroy being sub- stituted for mpiiryos or the like, the second from Archilochus, who for rdv muywr’ has rhy ruyjv.

@ Another beardless effeminate.

16

THE ACHARNIANS, 112-133

Or else I'll dye you with a Sardian dye.* Does the Great King intend to send us gold ? (Pseudo-Artabas nods dissent.) Then are our envoys here bamboozling us ? (He nods assent.) These fellows ® nod in pure Hellenic style ; I do believe they come from hereabouts. Aye, to be sure; why, one of these two eunuchs Is Cleisthenes,° Sibyrtius’s son ! O thou young shaver of the hot-souled rump, With such a beard, thou monkey, dost thou come Tricked out amongst us in a eunuch’s guise ? And who’s this other chap? Not Straton,@ surely ? crieR. St! Take your seat! O yes! The Council ask the Great King’s Eye to dinner At the Town Hall.¢ DI. Now is not that a throttler ? Here must I drudge at soldiering; while these rogues, The Town-Hall door is never closed to them. Now then, I’ll do a great and startling deed. Amphitheus! Where’s Amphitheus ? AM. Here am I, pi. Here be eight drachmas; take them; and with all The Lacedaemonians make a private peace For me, my wife and children : none besides. (To the Prytanes and citizens) Stick to your embassies and befoolings, you. ¢ State guests, and other persons worthy of honour, were entertained in the Town Hall daily. VOL, I c 17

eo

ARISTOPHANES

KHP. mpocitw Odwpos 6 mapa LerdAxous. @ENPOR. 60t. Al. Erepos ddalev obros eloxnpuUrrerar. : @EQ. Xpovov pev ovK dy Lev ev Opdicn modwr, Al. pea. Ai’ ovK av, €t i proov ye pn “pepes trodvy. @EQ. €f fa) Karévupe xuove THY Opgeny ody, Kal i rods moTapovs ene’ bm’ adrov Tov xpovov or evOadi O<oyns jyywvilero, Tobrov pera LurdAKous emwov Tov xpdvor* Kal dijra haha Vv drreppvds, bpav 7 epaoris Fv didn On) Wore Kal ev Toto Tolxous eypad’, *AGvaton Kadoi. é 8 vids, dv * APnpatay. emeroujpcda, Tipe gaye d\Advras e€ "Arraroupioy, Kal TOV matép nvTipore Bonbety Th maTpa* 6 5° a@poce orévdav BonOjcew, Exwv otpatiav Tooattyy wor "A@nvaious épeiv, Ooov TO Xpha tapvoTwmv mpocepxeTat. Al. KaKLoT’ amoAoiuny, et Te ToUTwY TrEiopat dv elas evravbot ov, rAjv Tay TapvoTwr. @EQ. Kal viv Omep paxywrarov Opaxav ebvos Erepiev dpiv. Al. Tobro pevt” yon oadés. KHP. of Opes ite Sedp’, os O€wpos yyayev. * \ / \ / Al. TouTl Ti €oTL TO KaKOV; @EQ. ’Odopdvrwy orparés.

* King of the Odrysians in Thrace. Theorus had gone on an embassy to them. PY: So frigid a poet that he was nicknamed Xujv ; cf. 113

170.

¢ In the first year of the war Athens entered into alliance with Sitalees and made his son Zdéoxos a citizen (Thue. ii.

18

CRIER.

THE ACHARNIANS, 134-156

O yes! Theorus from Sitalces 7!

THEORUS. Here !

DI. THE.

DI. THE,

DI.

THE.

DI. CRIER.

DI. THE.

O here’s another humbug introduced. We should not, sirs, have tarried long in Thrace— But for the salary you kept on drawing. But for the storms, which covered Thrace with snow And froze the rivers. "Iwas about the season At which Theognis ® was performing here. I all that time was drinking with Sitalces ; A most prodigious Athens-lover he, Yea such a true admirer, he would scribble On every wall My beautiful Athenians ! His son,° our newly-made Athenian, longed To taste his Apaturian sausages, And bade his father help his fatherland. And he, with deep libations, vowed to help us With such an host that every one would say Heavens ! what a swarm of locusts comes this may ! Hang me, if I believe a single word Of all that speech, except about the locusts.4 And here he sends you the most warlike tribe Of all in Thrace. Come, here’s proof positive. The Thracians whom Theorus brought, come forward ! What the plague’s this ? The Odomantian host.¢

27). The Apaturia was a family or clan festival, to which only those enrolled in a phratry (¢parpia) could be admitted. 4 DP. fears that they will eat up their allies no less than their foes. ¢ A Thracian tribe on the Strymon.

19

Al. @EQ.

Al.

@EQ.

Al.

KHP.

Al.

AM.

Al. AM,

ARISTOPHANES

/ > / > , ‘ / rotwv “OdSouavrav; eimé prov, TouTt Ti Hv; tis tOv ’Odopdvrwy Td méos aroreOpiaxev;

4, Suv. 4, \ ‘ ~ rovtous edv Tis Svo Spaxpyas pcbov 5188,

, A / a KatameArdoovrar tiv Bowwtiav Any. 160 \ 4 \ a > tA Toigdl dvo Spaxpas Tots azrepwAnpevots ; dmoarévor pevtav 6 Opavirys Acws, ¢ / ” / > / 6 awaimors. olor TaAas, amddAvpat, ¢ \ ~ > 4 \ / 4 imo TOv’ Odoudvrwv 74, oxdpoda Topfovpevos. od KaraBadcire Ta oKdpod ; & pwoxOnpe at, 165

od pi) Mpdcer TOUTOLOW eoKopodLOpEVoLs ; ravti mepieideO” of mpuTdvers maCXOVTA [LE > ~ / \ ay? ¢ 3 3 ~ / ev TH maTpidu Kal Tab0’ dar” avdpOv PapBapww ; GAN’ arrayopevw pr) movetv exKAnotav rois Opagi wepi prcbod: Aéyw S dpiv ore 170 Swoonuia *ori Kat pavis BéBAnké je. tovs Opaxas damévat, mapeivar 8 eis Evyy. of yap mpurdvers Avovat THY eKKAnaiav.

olor TéAas, puTTwTOV Goov amuwdA€oa. GAN’ éx AaxedSaipovos yap ’“Apdibeos odi. 175 xaip’, “Apdibee. pnw, mpw dv ye oT@ Tpéxwv"

Set yap pe devyovr’ exduyetv “Axapveas. vi 8 €orw;

> A A is ee A ,

eyd) wev Sedpd cor arovddas Pépwv ” ¢ > ” ~ / €omevdov: of 8’ wodpovto mpeaBirat Twes

@ The little round ré\rn (targe) was distinctly Thracian.

> The ordinary pay of a rower was one drachma a day. The @pavira who sat on the highest bench and worked the longest oars would be picked men.

¢ Like cocks which were supposed to fight better when primed with garlic; cf. K. 494.

20

DI, THE,

DI.

THE.

DI.

CRIER.

DI.

AM.

DI. AM.

THE ACHARNIANS, 157-179

The Odomantians, pho! Hallo, look here. Are Odomantians all equipped like this ? Give them two drachmas each a day, and these Will targeteer * Boeotia all to bits. Two drachmas ® for THESE scarecrows! Oh, our tars, Our noble tars, the safeguard of our state, Well may they groan at this. O! Murder! O! These Odomantian thieves have sacked my garlic. Put down the garlic! drop it! You rapscallion, How dare you touch them, when they’re , arlic-primed.¢ O will you let them, Prytanes, use me thus, Barbarians too, in this my fatherland ? But stop! I warn you not to hold the Assembly About the Thracians’ pay. I tell you there’s A portent 4 come ; I felt a drop of rain ! The Thracians are to go, and two days hence Come here again. The Assembly is dissolved.

O me, the salad I have lost this day ! ¢ But here’s Amphitheus, back from Lace- daemon. Well met, Amphitheus ! Not till I’ve done running. I needs must flee the Acharnians, clean away. What mean you ? I was bringing back in haste The treaties, when some veterans smelt them out,

@ Lit. “ A sign from Zeus.” ¢ The loss of the garlic had ruined it.

2]

AI. AM.

Al. AM. Al.

AM. Al.

AM.

Al.

ARISTOPHANES

2 / \ A v *Ayapvikol, oTimTot yépovtes, mpivwot, 180

> / / /, arepapoves, Mapabwvopdxar, opevddpvwor. émewt’ aveKpayov mavres, ““® wwapwrare, amovoas hépers, TOV apuTreAleov TET NLEVOD ; ”” Kas Tovs TpiBwvas Evvedéyovto THv AiBwr: ey 8 edevyov: of 8 ediwKkov KaBdwv. 185 ¢ > EY 7 > A \ A ‘4 of 8 obv Bowytwv: adda Tas orrovdas Pépets ; éywye dnp, Tpla ye TavTi yedpara. abdra. pev elou Tevtereis. yedoar AaPdyv. aiBot. mn. 4 Ti €oTW; > > / / > iJ odK apéokovaiv pL’, OTL olovot mitrns Kal TapacKevts ve@v. 190 \ A \ A /, ~ 7 od 8 adda raadi Tas dexérers yedoor AaBaw. dlovar xadrar mpéoBewv és Tas moAeus d€vrarov, Womep SiatpiBns Tov Evpypaxov. GAN’ adrat omovdal tpiaxovrovTwes Kata yhv te Kat Oddarrav. ® Avoviova, 195 Ou A + > > , ‘ / adrar ev olovo’ apBpocias Kat véKxTapos, Kal pq) *muTnpety Ler’ yuepav Tprdv, an a> Kav T@ oTopatt Aéyovat, Baty’ omp OéAes. > ravras Séyopar Kat omévdouar KaKmlopat, / / AA \ \ 7A /, a xaipew KeAcdwv modda tovs “Axapveas 200 a \ eyw 5é moAcuou Kal Kax@v amadAayets déw Ta Kat’ aypods eiovwy Avoviora.

@ Acharnae is a short distance to the S. of Mt. Parnes, and its inhabitants mainly occupied themselyes with the manufacture of charcoal from its forests of evergreen oak (mpivos), maple (c¢évdauvos), and other trees. Archidamus in his first invasion of Attica (431 B.c.) made it his head- quarters when ravaging the district ; ¢f. Thue. ii. 19-23,

22

DI. AM.

DI. AM. DI.

AM. DI.

AM.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 180-202

Acharnians, men of Marathon, hard in grain As their own oak and maple,’ rough and tough; And all at once they eried, O villain, dare you Bring treaties when our vineyards are cut down ? Then in their lappets up they gathered stones ; I fled away: they followed roaring after. Solet them roar. But have you got the treaties? O yes, Ihave. Three samples ; here they are. These are the five-year treaties; take and taste? them. Pheugh ! What’s the matter ?

I don’t like the things, They smell of tar and naval preparations. Then taste the ten-year samples ; here they are. These smell of embassies to all the states, Urgent, as if the Allies are hanging back. Then here are treaties both by land and sea For thirty years.

O Feast of Dionysus !

These have a smell of nectar and ambrosia, And never mind about the three days’ rations,° And in your mouth they say, Go where you please. These do I welcome, these I pour, and drain, Nor care a hang about your old Acharnians. But I, released from War and War’s alarms, Will hold, within, the Rural Dionysia.4

» As if they were samples of wine for orovdai=not only “a treaty,” but also “libations of wine”; hence the reference to the ‘“ smell of pitch ” in 190 and “ of vinegar ”

193.

OT. bs S12, 4 Otherwise known as 74 puxpd as opposed to 7a wéyaay ra év dore, and celebrated all over Attica in December.

23

ARISTOPHANES AM. eyw dé devéotpuai ye tods “Ayapveas.

~ lol ” / . \ ‘ ” XOPOX. THOe mds Emov, Siwke, Kal Tov avdpa

muvOavov

TOV odoimdpwv amdvrwy: TH mdA€u yap a&vov 205

EvAAafeiv Tov avdpa Todrov. aAAd wow pnvd- oare,

” y @ / ~ ¢ A A el tis 010° Omou TéTpaTrTaL is 6 Tas omoVdAs

pépwv.

> / > ” A ” / ~

exrregevy’, olxeTat Ppoddos. olpsortddAas TOv erav TOV eua@v* [orp. 210

> a“ a. 8. 2am / L ee Gok \ Vd

ovk av én” euhs ye vedtntos, 67 eya dépwv avOpdkwv dopriov

HKoAovOovy DaiiAw Tpéxwv, Bde hatvAws av 6 216

omovdopdpos obTos bm’ ewod ToTe SuwKdpevos

e€epuyev 08d’ av eAadpas dv amemdXi~aro.

vov 8° ézreid1) oreppov 4On Todpmov avTuKYTLLOV kal trada@ Aaxparetin To oxéAos Baptverar, 220 oixeTat. SuwKtéos Sé+ un yap eyxdvn mote [unde trep yépovras ovtas expuywv ’Ayapveas.

7 = “~ / \ / a > a doris, & Led mrarep Kal Veo, rotow éxOpotow > , ‘ > €O7TELOATO, [avr. 225

® Enter, running in pursuit of Amphitheus, twenty-four old Acharnians who constitute the Chorus.

» A celebrated Olympic victor; the adverb ¢ai)hws is a play on his name.

24

AM.

THE ACHARNIANS, 203-225

And I will flee those peppery old Acharnians.

cuorus.* Here’s the trail ; pursue, pursue him; |

follow, follow, every man ; Question whosoever meets you whitherwards the fellow ran. Much it boots the state to catch him ! (To the audience) O inform me, if ye know, Where the man who bears the treaties managed from my sight to go.

Fled and gone! Disappears ! O this weary weight of years ! O were I Now as spry As in youthful days gone by, When I stuck Like a man To Phajllus ® as he ran, And achieved Second place In the race, Though a great Charcoal freight I was bearing on my head,— Not so light From my sight Had this treaty-bearer fled, Norescaped With suehease From thechase.

Now because my joints have stiffened, and my shins are young no more, And the legs of Lacrateides by old age are burdened sore, He’s escaped us! But we'll follow : but he shall not boast that he Got away from us Acharnians, howsoever old we be.

Who has dared Father Zeus ! Gods of heaven ! to make a truce,

25

ARISTOPHANES

t > > ~ / > A 7 olou map eo moAenos exPodomds av&erat TOV euadv xwpiov- KovK dvjow mpl av ae avrotow avrep- Taya ogus, odurnpos, + # e emiKwmos, iva peAToTE TaTHow ert as euas dyumréhous. GAAa Set Cnreiv tov dvdpa Kat BdAdwew BadAjjvade \ / a A Aa Lud “ € = /, Kal dubkew yiiv mpo ys, Ews av evpeOh Tore: ¢ > \ / > ~ > a” > , ws eyw BddAwy éxeivov odK av éumdAnunv AiBors.

Al. edppctre, eddnctre. XO. otya mas. HKovoar’, avdpes, dpa tis €v-

‘8 Pnpuias ; > a > A > ~ “~ obros adds eat ov Cntoduev. adda Sedpo 7as > / /, A ¢ , e ” > > exmoowv: Oawv yap avip, ws €ou’, e&- EpPXETAL.

Al. cddypeire, edpnicire. mpoirw s TO mpoobev dXrLyov 7 Kavnpopos*

6 Zavbias TOV paAdrov opGov ornodru. MHTHP. Katdfov To Kavobdv, ® Ovyatep, WwW’ am- apf djueBa. @YTATHP. @ prep, avddos SeBpo THY eTVnpvowW, iw’ €rvos Kataxéw TovAaThpos TovTovi.

@ gxoivos = Schoenus mucronatus, the Dagger-pointed Bulrush, common on all the coasts of the Mediterranean. The spike is supposed to run well up (érlkwros=“ up to the hilt ’’) into the heels of the Lacedaemonians as they trample down the vines.

5 ® There is a play on Pallene, or Pellene, a famous Attic eme.

26

230

235

240

THE ACHARNIANS, 226-246

Who has pledged Faith with those Who are evermore my foes ; Upon whom War I make For my ruined vineyard’s sake ; And I ne’er From the strife Will give o’er, No, Ine’er Will forbear, Till I pierce them in return, Like a reed,? Sharply barbed Dagger-pointed, and they learn Not to tread Down my vines Any more. Now ’tis ours to seek the fellow, and Pelténe-wards ° to look, And from land to land to chase him, till we bring the rogue to book. Never shall I tire of pelting, pelting him to death with stones, © pi. (Within) Keep ye all the holy silence ! cHor. Hush! we’ve got him. Heard ye, comrades, “ silence ”’ called in solemn tones ? This is he, the man we're seeking. Stand aside, and in a trice He, methinks, will stand before us, coming out to sacrifice !

DI. (Coming out) Keep ye all the holy silence ! Now, basket-bearer, go you on in front,° You, Xanthias, hold the phallus-pole erect. wire. Set down the basket, girl : and we'll begin. DAUGHTER. O mother, hand me here the gravy-spoon, To ladle out the gravy o’er the cake. ¢ Dic. celebrates the Rural Dionysia on a small scale with

his daughter (who acts as xaynddpos) and two slaves, while his wife represents the spectators. 27

Al.

MH.

Al.

ARISTOPHANES

\ \ / > > Ss / /, Kat pnv Kaddv y’ €or’. & Avovuce d€éa70TA4, KEXAPLOLEVOOS Gou THVSE TV TOpATHY eye mepipavra Kal Odoavra pero, Trav olkeT@v dyoryetv TUxnpOs TA Kat aypods Atovtova, 250 otpatias amad\axbevra Tas omrovdas Sé por KaAds EvveveyKeiv Tas TprakovTovrioas. * 3 > 4 iid A ~ \ ~ ay’, ® Ovyarep, dws TO Kavobv Kad} KaAds ” / / ¢€ / otoeis, BAézrovaa bupBpodayov. ws wakdpios doTis o° dmvoet, KaKTonoeTaL yards 255 lot \ id a“ > A av aod pndev yrrovs Bdeiv, émerdav OpOpos 7. / > ” / / mpoBawe, Kav THOXAW purdrrecbat opddpa a tis Aabuv cov meputpayn Ta Xpvoia. @ ERavbia, of@v 8° éoriv dpbds éExréos 6 padros e€omiabe Tijs Karn Popov * 260 eyo 3S dicodovd av doopat TO padducdv ad 8’, d ywvat, 0c py’ ado Tob réyous. mpdBa.

Dadijs, éraipe Baxyxiov,

Evykwpe, vuKTotrepuTAdvy -

TE, pore, maepaord, 265 EKTW o ETE mpocetTrov és

TOV “Sijpov eAcov dopevos,

omoveas Tolnadpevos eav-

TO, TpayydaTtwy Te Kal pway@v

kat Aaudywv amaddAayeis. 270

TOAAG ydp eof” 7Hdi0v, @ Parijs, Dadrjs, KAémtovoay €v= povd” awpucny vAnddpov

tiv ULtpvpodmpov Oparrav x

® OupBpopdyor : demure,

> She would wear her best ornaments ; cf. DL. 1189 seq.

28

THE ACHARNIANS, 247-274

DI. ’Tis well. Lord Dionysus, grant me now To show the show and make the sacrifice As thou would’st have me, I and all my house ; Then keep with joy the Rural Dionysia ; No more of soldiering now. And may this Peace Of thirty summers answer to my hopes. wire, O daughter, bear the basket sweetly, sweet, With savory-eating * look. Happy the man, Whoe’er he is, who weds thee and begets Kittens as fair and saucy as thyself. Move on! but heed lest any in the crowd Should nibble off, unseen, thy\bits of gold.® DI. O Xanthias, walk behind the basket-bearer, Holding, you two, the phallus-pole erect. And I'll bring up the rear, and sing the hymn : Wife, watch me from the roof. Now then, proceed.

(Singing) O Phales,* comrade revel-roaming

Of Bacchus, wanderer of the gloaming, Of wives and boys the naugthy lover, Here in my home I gladly greet ye, Six weary years of absence over ;

For I have made a private treaty

And said good-bye to toils and fusses, And fights, and fighting Lamachuses.¢

Far happier tis to me and sweeter,

O Phales, Phales, some soft glade in,

To woo the saucy, arch, deceiving,

Young Thratta (Strymodore his maiden), ¢ Phales is the gahXés personified. * For Lamachus see Index; his very name suggests

fighting. 29

XO.

Al.

XO.

Al. XO.

Al,

XO.

Al.

XO.

ARISTOPHANES

Tod de\Adws, peony AaBdvr’, ” / dpavra, karaPaddvra, KaTa- 275

yuyaptioc & Dads, Dadjjs.

eav pe” Audv Evyrins, €x KpautdAns Ewbev «i- pyvns podjaes tpvBALov. 4 8° dons ev Th hedAw Kpewnoerat.

odTos avTds €oTW, OdTOS. 280 Bdadre BddAde Baddde Barre, mate mas TOV puapov. od Bareis, ob} Badets; ‘H 4, A \ Page ) , pdkres, TouTi Ti €oTL; THY XUTPAV oVV- Tpipete. [orp. re aé prev odv KaTadetoouev, @ papa Kepadr. 285 avTlt moias aitias, @yapvéewy yepairarov; Toor €pwrds; dvaioxuvros ef kat BdeAupos, > s a , ¢ cA / ® mpoddra Tis marpidos, doTis Hu@v povos 290 | ” 9 > orevodpevos elra Svvacar mpos Em amro- Prérrew. > avtt 8 dv é€omevodunv otk tore y's add aKovoare, fol ore / > al /, / ood y’ axotvowpev, amoXet: Kard ce xwoopev trois AiBois. 295 ~ ‘ »” > o , > > > > / pndapas, mpl av y’ aKxovonr: ad’ ava- oxeo)’, dyaboi. > > / \ / A yA ovK avacxjcopmars nde Aéye ot od Adyov*

30

@ Lit. “ after the night’s debauch.”

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR,.

DI,

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 274-299

As from my woodland. fells I meet her Descending with my fagots laden,

And catch her up, and ill entreat her, And make her pay the fine for thieving.

O Phales, Phales, come and sup, And in the morn, to brace you up,? Of Peace you'll quaff a jovial cup ; And mid the chimney sparks our useless shield we'll hang.

That’s the man who made the treaty ; There he stands Full in view ; Pelt him, pelt him, pelt him, pelt him, Pelt him you! Pelt him you! Heracles ! what ails the fellows ? Hang it all, ye’ll smash the pot ! It is you we will smash with our stones, you detestable head. O most worshipful Acharnians, why ? what reason have ye got ? Dare you ask? Traitor base ! Dare you look me in the face? You who make, You alone, Private treaties of your own ! Shameless heart ! Shameless hand ! Traitor to your fatherland ! But ye know not why I did it : hear me now the facts declare. Hear you? No! Youre to die; "Neath a stony cairn to lie! Not, O not until ye’ve heard me ; worthy sirs, forbear, forbear ! No delay! Thee to slay We'll immediately begin. 31

Al.

XO.

Al.

XO.

Al.

XO.

ARISTOPHANES

~ a > ws pewlonkd aoe Kiéwvos ert pGddov, ov €- 300 yo) Teu® Totow tmmeto. KarTUpara. “~ > > \ / 4 > > , aod 5’ éeyw Adyous réyovtos odK akovaopat poakpous, 7 > / /, > \ , dotis eomreiow Adkwow, adda TYyLwpyoopat. ayaboi, rods pev Adkwvas éxrrodwy édoarte, 305 Tav 8 eu@v onovddv axovoat’, «i Kalas €oTrevodunv. ~ / 2 ”* ~ / a” wv > , Tas b€ y’ dv Kadds A€yous av, elmep EoTrELow y’ dma€é e A ‘ ” ‘ ww? @ , olow ovre Bwpos ovTe riots OVO SpKos evel; > 3 A \ \ 4 e Ed > / 01d’ éyw Kai tods Adkwvas, ols dyav eyKet- p<Oa, obx amdvrwy dvTas Hiv aitiovs TOv mpay- parov. 310 2 ¢ / > aA ~ A ~ odx amdvTwyv, @ mavotpye; Tatra 57) ToAuas Aéyew > ~ ” \ a ae > ; “a eupavas dn mpos Huds; «lr éeyw aod deioopas ; 3 c / > ¢ / > ? = A / odx amdvTwr, ody amdvrwv: GAN’ éyw éywv dol mOAN’ av arodivaiw’ éxeivovs of? a Kadt- Koupevous. ~ ” A ” A / TobTo Tovmos Sewov 7dn Kal TapakuKdpdrov, 315 ei od Todujces bmép TOV Todcpiwv Hutv déyew. Kav ye 7 Aéyw Sixara, unde TO TAHOE S0KD,

* For Cleon see Index; the Knights were his special enemies, and xarr’para refers to his trade as a tanner.

32

DI.

CHOR.

-DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 300-317

No debate! Thee we hate Worse than Cleon’s ¢ self, whose skin I'll ere long Cut to shoes For the worthy Knights to use. But from you, who made a treat with the false Laconian crew, I will hear no long orations, I will surely punish you. Worthy fellows, for the moment those Laconians pretermit ; "Tis a question of my treaty, was I right in making it. Right to make it ! when with Sparta no engagement sacred stands, Not the altar, not the oath-pledge, not the faith of clasped right hands ! Yet I know that these our foemen, who our bitter wrath excite, Were not always wrong entirely, nor ourselves entirely right. Not entirely, shameless rascal ? Do you such opinions dare Openly to flaunt before me? Shall I then a traitor spare ? Not entirely, not entirely ! I can prove by reasons strong That in many points the Spartans at our hands have suffered wrong. This is quite a heart-perplexing, terrible affair indeed, If you mean that you will venture for our enemies to plead. we and if I plead not truly, or the people doubt display,

VOL. I D 33

xo.

Al.

XO. Al. XO. Al. Xo. Al.

xO.

Al.

xO.

ARISTOPHANES

brép eménjvov “OedAjow tiv Kepadyvy éexwv déyew. > / , / a“ / > / elmé pot, Ti pevdopeaba THv AiOwv, d Snudrat, py) od Katakaivew Tov avdpa Tobrov és dowt- Kioa; 320 olov ad péAas tis byiv OvpddrAwy érélecev. ovk dKovcec’, otk axotvcecl éeredv, Oxap- vyidat; odK axovadpcoba Sijra. dewd Tapa meicopat. eLodoimnv, Hv axovow. pndapn@s, @xapviKol. ¢ / ” / ws teOviEwv tobe vovi. dnfopap tuads eyed. 395 > la \ ¢ al ~ / \ aVTATOKTEVa yap tuadv Tov hidwv rods diA- TaToOvs* e ” .¢ ~ ¢ / “a > / / ws exw y tu@v ouypovs,ovs atroopaéw AaBuy. el7é por, Ti Todr’ ametrdet Tovmos, avdpes Snporat, a? a ee, al ” ’ tots Axyapvixotow nutv; pv €xe Tov TaLdiov TOV Tapovtwy Eevdov eip£as; 7 “mi TH Opa- ovveTrat; 330 Badrer’, <i Bovrco®’. eyd yap tovrovi dia-

pbepa.

” > e ~ ae id > / etoouar 8 dvudv tay’ dotis avOpdKwv TL

KHOETAL. e > / > c / / ¢Q> w+ > ws amwrdpecO’. 6 AdpKos SnuoTys 68’ €or eyes.

* Dic. goes into the house and returns three lines later carrying in one hand a hamper (dAdpxos) full of charcoal and in the other a drawn sword. ‘The Scholiast says that the ensuing scene is parodied from the Telephus of Euripides,

34

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR,.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 318-333

On a chopping-block I’m willing, whilst I speak, my head to lay. Why so slack, my fellow-burghers ? Let us stone the naughty varlet, Let us scarify and shred him to an uniform of scarlet. What a red and dangerous ember sparkled up within you then ! Won’t you hear me, won’t you hear me, good Acharnians, worthy men ? Never, never, will we hear you. That will cause me bitter woe. If I do, perdition seize me ! O Acharnians, say not so. Know that you must die this instant. Then I’ll make you suffer too. For my safety I’ve a hostage, one that’s very dear to you. Now I'll bring him out and slay him ; you shall see your darling’s end.4 O Acharnian fellow-burghers, what can words like these portend To our noble band of brethren ? Think you that the man can hold Any child of ours in durance ? What can make him wax so bold ? Now then pelt me; here’s the hostage ! I will slay and will not spare. I shall speedily discover which of you for charcoal care. Heaven preserve us ! ‘tis a scuttle, tis my fellow-burgher true !

35

Al. XO.

Al. XO.

Al . Xo.

AI.

XO.

Al.

ARISTOPHANES

> A A /, “a 4 ~ Cad ava pn Spdons 6 péAdAes. pndapds, @ pndapas. ¢€ > ~ , > > ‘ A > , Os amoktev@, KéKpaxl’> éyw yap ovK aKov- copa. [avr. 335 amoveis dp’ oundAiKa Tovde diAavOpaxéa; odd euod Adyovros tyucis aptiws. nKovoare. 2\\1 NS NOS to a (se ’ , GAAG vuvi A€éy’, et cou Soxe?, Tov Te Aake- Saysoviov adrov 67. TH TpdTM Gov “ati didos: ¢ s \ t > t , Ws TOd€ TO AapKidiov od mpoddow Tore. 340 rovs Aifous viv wou yapale mpOrov eEepdoare. ovTou gor xapal, Kal od Kardov maAw TO Eidos. > i \ eg a / > / pad 4 GAN Srws pt) ’v Tots TpiBwow eyKabnvrat mov Abou. > La ay? > ea , exoécevoTrar xapal’. ody opds cerdmevov; GAAa poy por mpddacw, adAd Kardfov To Bédos. 345 c iA A 4 lot a 7 Ws ddE ye GELOTOS Ga TH oTpoPH yiyverat. as a> Dy ds jhe > 7 , euedrer Gp’ admavres avacetew Bory, \/7 > > / 4 / dAlyov 7 améBavov avOpaxes Llapyjacor, Kal Tatra dua TH atomiav Tay SnpoTar. € A ~ / \ ~ / \ bao Tod Séous S€ THs papiAns por avxv7v 350 6 Adpkos éveriAnoev Worep onTia.

\ \ 4 > / lA Sewov yap ottws dudakiay repuKevar

tov Oupov avdp@v wate BaddAew Kal Body

@ i.e. himself.

> 4.e. provided you release the Adpxos.

¢ Dic. employs the peculiar word dvacelew because the preceding speech of the Chorus is full of “ shakes.”

4 apt» is the black dust of the charcoal.

36

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR,

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 334-353

Never do the thing you mention : never do, O never do! Cry aloud! I’m going to slay him ; I shall neither hear nor heed.

You will slay then this charcoal-adorer,

its equal in years ! Aye, for when I craved a hearing you refused. to hear me plead. Ah! but now! Now you may! Whatsoever suits you say.

‘ Say you love, Say you prize,

Our detested enemies.?

Ne’ er will I Faithless prove

To the scuttle which I eee

Well then first, the stones you gathered,

throw them out upon the ground.

Out they go! All my hoard ! Prithee, lay aside the sword.

But I fear that in your lappets other missiles may be found.

All are gone! Every one!

See my garment shaken wide ! Don’t evade Promise made. Lay, O lay the sword aside. Here’s my robe Shaken out, As I twist and twirl about. You would then, would you, shake ° your cries aloft, ° And this Parnesian charcoal all but died, Slain by the madness of its fellow-burghers. And in its fright this scuttle, cuttle-wise, . Voided its inky blackness ¢ on my clothes. Alas that men should carry hearts as sour — As unripe grapes, to pelt and roar, nor hear

37

ARISTOPHANES

27 a 2 ~ A ” w L4 ebérew 7° akotcar pndev toov tow dpépor, > ~ / ¢ A > x , euod OéAovros brép emEjvov Aéyew 355 ¢c A / Nd 2 78. 2m / baép Aaxedaoviwy amav?’ Go’ av Aéyw / ~ \ > \ \ ? £ Kaltor Pir ye THv eurv ypuxynv eye.

xo. TL odv od A€yeus, emiEnvov eLeveyKav Opal’, [orp 6 Tt ToT, @ axeTAE, TO peya TOOT ExeEts; 360 mdvu yap éué ye 7000s 6 Tu hpoveis Exe. > >. & > \ \ / / GAN Arep adros Thy Sikynv Swpicw, Oeis Seipo todmi—nvov éyxeiper A€yewv. 365

Al. (Sod OeGabe, 7d pev emi—nvov Todi, e > : Mp ¢ / ¢ \ , 6 8 dvip 6 A€€wv obToat TUVvvoUTOOL. > / \ A ed > > / dpéeAe pa tov AV odK« evaomida@aopat, AdEw 8 dep Aaxedayoviwy & pot Soxel. / / / 4 \ /, Kaito. déd0iKa ToAAd* Tovs TE yap TpoTOUVS 370 Tos TOV aypolkwy olda xaipovtas afddpa. édv tis avrovs evdoyh Kal THv mdAw > Av > A \ / v avip adaldv Kal Sika Kadica* > ~ / Mey tA KkavTat0a AavOavovo’ ameputroAdpevot’* ~ > > 4 A ‘ i Tov T ad yepovtwy olda Tas Puxas OTe 375 ovdev BAémovaw aAAo mAjv Yjdw daxeiv- abrds 7 euavtov bd KAéwvos dmafov eriorapar Sua Tv mépvor Kwpmdiav.

* A metaphor from wine mingled with an equal quantity of water.

> i.e, I will come out into the open, not skulk behind a shield ; cf. Hom. Jl. 267 seq., where the archer Teucer keeps dodging behind the shield of Ajax.

¢ Dic. fears (1) the simple country folk who were deluded by the demagogues, (2) the old dicasts (for whom see the Wasps), and (3) Cleon. Aristophanes had apparently made fun of Cleon and certain officials in the Babylonians which

38

THE ACHARNIANS, 354-378

A tempered statement mingled half and half ; @

Not though I’m willing o’er a chopping- block

To say my say for Lacedaemon’s folk.

And yet I love, be sure, my own dear life.

cHor. O why not bring the block

DI.

out of doors without delay,

And speak the mighty speech

which you think will win the day ?

For really I’ve a longing

to hear what you will say ! So in the fashion you yourself prescribed, Place here the chopping-block and start your speech. Well look and see, the chopping-block is here, ' And I’m to speak, poor little friendless I. Still never mind ; I won’t enshield myself,® I'll speak my mind for Lacedaemon’s folk. And yet I fear ; ¢ for well I know the moods Of our good country people, how they love To hear the City and themselves bepraised By some intriguing humbug, right or wrong, Nor ever dream they are being bought and sold. And well I know the minds of those old men Looking for nothing but a verdict-bite. Aye and I know what I myself endured At Cleon’s hands for last year’s Comedy.

he had produced at the Great Dionysia the year before, and Cleon had denounced him for “ defaming the State in the presence of strangers,” cf. 503.

39

ARISTOPHANES

> , / > >? A /

eiceAkvoas yap pu’ eis TO Bovdeurijpiov

di€Badre Kai pevdH kateyAwrrilé pov 380 > / ” 7 + C9IVZ /

KaxukdAoPdper KamAvvev, war’ dAtyou mdvu

amtwArdpnv odvvoTpayyj.ovovpevos.

vov ody we mpatov mpw Aéyew edoare

evoxevacacbai pu ofov abAudirarov.

~~ , XO. Ti tadra otpéder teyvalers Te Kal mopileis ,

tpiBas ; [avr. 385 AaBe S° euot y? &vexa map’ ‘lepwvijuou oKxoTodacuTuKvetpixd Tw “Aidos Kuvqv' 390

. od > / \ A / cir’ e€dvovye pnxavas Tas Lovdov, ws oxhiw aydv odTos ovK €iadéEerat.

ov > \ 4 \ \ a“. Al. wpa o7lv apa jor Kkaptepav puynv AaBeiv, Kai por Badiore” eotly cis Edpimidny. Tal Wat. KH®IZ00N. Tis OvTOS; Al. évdov €or Edpimidns; 395 > ” ” > / > / ” KH. ovK €vdov, evdov eoriv, ef yrwpnv Exeis. Al. 7@s €vdov, ely odK evdov; KH. opbds, @ yépov. 6 voids pev e€w EvdAdywv éervdA\va > ” ] A > 3 / a ovk evdov, abros 8 évdov avaBadyny mrovet Tpaywoiav. Al. ® tpropakapy’ Edperidy, 400 “7p? ¢ ~ ¢€ \ ~ ¢ / 60° 6 So0bA0s ottwoi acodads t7oKpiverat. exkdAecov adrov.

* KuxddBopos* morapds ev ’AOhvats xeluappos, ayav Wyav. Schol. » Lit. “ helmet of Hades,” i.e. of invisibility; ef. Jl. v.

40

THE ACHARNIANS, 379-402

How to the Council-house he haled me off,

And slanged, and lied, and slandered, and betongued me,

Roaring Cycloborus ¢-wise ; till I well nigh

Was done to death, bemiryslushified.

Now therefore suffer me, before I start,

To dress me up the loathliest way I can.

coor. O why keep putting off with that shilly-shally air ? Hieronymus may lend you, for anything I care, The shaggy ‘Cap of Darkness ”’® from his tangle-matted hair. Then open all the wiles of Sisyphus,

Since this encounter will not brook delay.

DI. Now must my heart be strong, and I depart To find Euripides. Boy! Ho there, boy ! CEPHISOPHON. Who calls me ?

DI. Is Euripides within ? CE. Within and not within,’ if you conceive me. DI. Within and not within ?

CE. "Tis even so.

His mind, without, is culling flowers of song, But he, within, is sitting up aloft Writing a play.

DI. O lucky, lucky poet, Whose very servant says such clever things ! But call him.

845. H. was a poet with a mop of unkempt hair which almost hid his face; ef. L. 349.

* Wanting some beggarly rags Dic. resorts to Euripides, who often dresses his characters in them; ef. 412; F'. 842 paxcoouppamrrdéns.

¢ A skit on E.’s style, e.g. Ale. 521 éorw re xovk &r éorw.

41

ARISTOPHANES

KH. GAN advvarov. Al. GAN’ Guws. > A “ > / > > \ / \ 7 od yap av améAfoun’, adda Koisw tiv Ovdpar, Evpuridn, EtipuniB.ov, bmdKovoor, €lmep TwTOT dvOpcimreov Tut 405 AtkatorroAis._ Kade? oe XodAAcidns, eye. EYPIMIAHE. GAA’ od ayodAy. Al. GAA’ exxuKAnOyr’. EY. aad’ advvarov. Al. GAN’ dpws. EY. GAX’ éxxukAjoopwa KataBaivew 8° od axyoAn. Al. Evdpimidn, EY. ti AéAaxas; > / a Al. avaBadnv troveis, 410 Ly in 4 > > 4% \ lal efov KataBddnv: odk eros ywAovs motels. aTrap Ti Ta pak eK Tpaywodlas exes, eabr édcewhv; odK eros TTWYXOVs Totes. > 1 Mes ~ ‘ ~ / > > / adn’ avtiBorA@ pos THv yovdrwv a’, Edpumidy, dds jou pak.ov Te Too maAavod Spdparos. 415 det yap me AcEau T@ Xop@ piow pakpay* avrn d¢ Odvarov, 7 7 KaKOS AdEw, Peper. EY. Ta Tota Tpvyn; pav ev ols Oiveds Odi 6 dvoTroTMos yepatos HywvileTo;

Al. ok Oivéws fv, add’ Ex’ aOAwrepov. 420 EY. Ta TOD TUPAOD Doivikos; Al. od Doivixos, ov,

9 The adjective marks his deme.

» i.e. ““ show yourself by means of the eccyclema,” a piece of machinery by which the wall of a house is turned as if on a pivot, disclosing the interior.

¢ Because you bring them into being on such a dangerous height.

42

CE. DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 402-421

But it can’t be done. But still. ..! For go I won’t. I'll hammer at the door. Euripides, my sweet one ! O if you ever hearkened, hearken now. "Tis I, Cholleidian ¢ Dicaeopolis.

EURIPIDES. But I’ve no time.

DI. EUR. DI. EUR. DI. EUR. DI.

EUR.

DI. EUR. DI.

But pivot.? But it can’t be done. But still... ! Well then, I'll pivot, but I can’t come down. Euripides ! Aye. Why do you write up there, And not down here? That’s why you make lame heroes.° And wherefore sit you robed in tragic rags, A pitiful garb? That’s why you make them beggars. But by your knees, Euripi’es, I pray, Lend me some rags from that old play of yours ; 4 For to the Chorus I to-day must speak A lengthy speech ; and if I fail, ‘tis pear. Rags! Rags! what rags? Mean you the rags wherein This poor old Oeneus ¢ came upon the stage ? Not Oeneus, no ; a wretcheder man than he. Those that blind Phoenix wore ? Not Phoenix, no ;

4 ro Tydrépou; for this play, to which there are frequent references here, see Index s.v.

¢ King of Calydon, deprived of his throne by his nephews.

* According to this legend P. was accused by his father Amyntor of seducing his mistress and blinded by him.

43

EY.

Al. EY.

Al.

EY. Al.

EY.

KH. Al.

EY. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

> > @ / > add’ Erepos Hv Doivixos abAvwrepos. / eee / > a / troias 700” avinp Aakidas airetrar 7érAwv; > >. / \ lol onl / adr’ 7 DiroxtHTov Ta TOG TTwyYO Héyets; ” > \ 4 \ \ / ovK, adda TovTOV TOAD TOAD TTWYLOTEpOV. > a > A ~ / / P aA’ 7 Ta Svomwh Oédets terrAHpaTa “A , — 33 c ‘ ¢ / a& BedAepoddvrns ely’ 6 xwdds odroat; > / > A > ~ od BeAXepoddvrns: adda Kaxeivos ev tv

xwrds, mpooatav, orwpvros, Sewos Aéyew.

oid’ avdpa, Mvaov TrAedov. vat, THAedov:

, ‘ 3 ~ / \ 4 tovtov 0s avTiBoA@® oé por Ta oTapyava.

+. a \ 7 A / ¢ , ® mat, dos att TyrAéddov paxwpara. ketrau 8° dvwlev THv Oveoreiwv pakdyr, petaéd tav *lvoos. idov, Tavti AaBe. > Z. ~ PS) # \ /, lonl & Zeb Sidrta Kai Karonta TravrTayy, évoxevdcacbai pu” ofov abAudratov. Edpuridyn, ’medijmep éxapiow radi, > af \ > ~ e ~ Kakeivad ow 50s taKddovba Tav pakar, \ / \ A \ \ v4 TO mAidtov mept THY Kehadjv tO Mudovov. det yap pe Sd€ar wrwyov elvar THwepor, > A Ld a. f , A , elvat prev Gomrep eipi, paivecBar dé pur" ‘ A \ 07 > a ww > > / Tovs pev Oeatas cidévar py Os el’ eyo, Tovs 0° ab xopevtas 7AWiovs mapeoravat, Omws av adbtovs pnuatios oKyadiow. / “~ \ ‘ ~ , SHow* muKvA yap AcrTa pnxavd Ppevi. b] / / > c \ a evdaysovoins, Tnrédw 8° aya dpova.

* This play was produced by Euripides in 431 8.c. > Jame,” i.¢., after being thrown from Pegasus.

¢ It is not known how Thyestes and Ino came to wear rags. 4 jl. 441 and 442 are said by the Scholiast to be taken from

the T'elephus.

44

430

435

440

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

’ The Mysian Telephus.

DI.

EUR..

EUR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 422-446

Some other man still wretcheder than Phoenix. What shreds of raiment can the fellow mean ? Can it be those of beggarly Philoctetes 4? One far, far, far, more beggarly than he. Can it be.then the loathly gaberdine Wherein the lame ® Bellerophon was clad ? Bellerophon ? no; yet mine too limped and begged,

A terrible chap to talk.

I know the man.

Telephus it is !

_Lend me, I pray, that hero’s swaddling-

clothes. Boy, fetch him out the rags of Telephus. They lie above the Thyesteian rags, "Twixt those and Ino’s.¢ (To Di.) Take them ; here they are. (Holding up the tattered garment against the light) Lord Zeus, whose eyes can pierce through everywhere, Let me be dressed the loathliest way I can. Euripides, you have freely given the rags, Now give, I pray you, what pertains to these, The Mysian cap to set upon my head. For I’ve to-day to act a beggar’s part,# To be myself, yet not to seem myself ; The audience there will know me who I am, Whilst all the Chorus stand. like idiots by, The while I fillip them with cunning words.* Take it ; you subtly plan ingenious schemes. To thee, good luck; to Telephus—what I wish him !

* Or “ little phraselets ” such as E. was fond of.

45

ARISTOPHANES

a5: Ss e ” ‘ , > , «bd y’> olov 4dy pnyatiwv éeumimAapat. arap Séouai ye mrwyikod Baxrnpiov.

EY. toutl AaBwv dmeAOe Aaivwv orabuadv.

Al. @ Ovy’, dpds yap ws dmevBodpuau ddpwv, 450 moA\A@v Sedpevos oxevapiov: viv 57) yevod yAioxpos mpocatéy Auapdv 7. Edpumidy, dds poe orupid.ov diakeKavpevov AdyvH.

/ > > ¥ AQ> / 4

EY. Ti 0’, @ TdAas, ce TODS’ Eyer mAEKOUS xpéos;

Al. xpéos pev oddev, BovAopa. 5’ duws AaBetv. 455

EY. Aumnpos tof” wv Karoydpynaov Souwv.

Al. deb: eddayovoins, WomEep 7) LATHP TOTE.

ET. ameAe viv por.

Al. paAAd poor Sos Ev povor, KoTuAicKiov TO xetAos azroKEeKpovopLevov.

ET. Ocipov AaBwv 70d’: tof 8 dxAnpos wv

ddopots. 460

Al. ow pa Av’ ofa@ of adros epydler Kaka. > > > / > > LAN \ / GAN’, & yAvKdrat Evpuridn, TOUTL [LOvoV, dds por xuTpidvov orroyyi@ BeBuopévov.

EY. av0pwr’, aparprce pe THY Tpaywdiay. ameABe tavrnvi AaBav.

Al. Ame pxYouae. 465

/ ld / a A 1 RS ‘ A Kaito. Ti Spdow; Set yap evds, ob py TYXWV > , > + s tA > > / amoAwd’. dkovoov, ® yAuKitar’ Edpumidn: Toutt AaBav dimreype Kou mMpooeyn” ETL" els TO omupiouov ¢ ioxva pou pvAdcta dds. EY. dzoAeis p’. iSov aor. Ppoddd pou ta Spa- para. 470

* i.e., wearing the rags of T. he feels himself able to talk like him.

> Probably for carrying scraps ; cf. sportula, Telephus is said to have carried one “in a tragedy ” (Diog. Laert. vi. 87). 46

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

DI.

EUR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 347-470

Yah! why I’m full of cunning words already.* But now, methinks, I need a beggar’s staff. Take this, and get thee from the marble halls. O Soul, thou seest me from the mansion thrust, Still wanting many a boon. Now in thy prayer Be close and instant. Give, Euripides, A little basket ° with a hole burnt through it. What need you, hapless one, of this poor wicker ? No need perchance ; but O I want it so. Know that you’re wearisome, and get you one. Alas! Heaven bless you, as it blessed your mother.° ; Leave me in peace. Just one thing more, but one, A little tankard with a broken rim. Here. Nowbeoff. You trouble us; begone. You know not yet what ill you do yourself. Sweet, dear Euripides, but one thing more, Give me a little pitcher, plugged with sponge. Fellow, you’re taking the whole tragedy. Here, take it and begone. I’m going now. And yet! there’s one thing more, which if I get not ; I’m ruined. Sweetest, best Euripides, With this I'll go, and never come again ; Give me some withered leaves to fill my basket. You'll slay me! Here! My plays are dis-

appearing. € Said to be a seller of potherbs ; ¢f. 478.

AT

ARISTOPHANES

> > Al. add’ odbkér’, GAN’ dey. Kal yap ep’ ayav oxAnpés, o8 Soxdv pe Koipdvous orvyeiv.

a / e > / > > , oot KaKodaipwv, ws amdAwdA’. émedabopnv > ev @Tép €oTt TaVTA LoL TA TPAypLaTa.

Ed id on Xr / \ > , 475 dpimidiov, @ diArdriov Kat yAvKUTaTov, a). KdKioT azroAoipny, el ti o” airnoam ert, TAnv Ev ,Ovov, TOUTL LOVOV, TOUTL [LOVOV, / / ‘af / / oKavouKd por dds, pntpobev dedeypevos. er. avyp bBpiler: KAcie myKTa Swydtwvr. Al. @ Op’, dvev oxdvdiKos eumopevTéa. 480 dp oic@’ dcov tov ayav’ adywwel Taxa,

/ ¢ A , > ~ / pedAAwv tarép Aaredayrovie dvdpav Aéyews mpoBawe vuv, ® Oupe: ypappn &° adbrni. Eornkas ; jouK el Kar amuay Edpimidny ; emjvea’* aye vuv, @ TdAawa Kapdia, 485 ” Bubad then > \ \ OF rs ameAW” exeioe, Kata tiv Kepadny Exel mapacyxes, eimoto’ arr av avth aot doK7j.

/ ToAunoov, iO., xwpynoov, ayapat Kapdias. 490 XO. Ti Spdoes; ti djoes; GAN’ tobe vuv dvaicxuvtos wv adnpots 7” avip, doTis Tapacxwv TH mode TOV avdxeva, drat pees els _Aéyew Tdvavria. avip ov Tpepel TO mpayy’« ela vuv, 495 emelonmep avTos atpet, A€ye.

Al. pa poot pOovnonr’, dvdpes of Oedpevor, el mrwyos Ov Emer’ ev “APnvaiors Aéyew

@ ** Parodied from the Oeneus of Euripides”: Schol.

> Here Euripides is wheeled in again, and Dic. advances to the block to make his speech.

¢ 4.¢., from which the racers started. Dic. being now well primed with Euripides feels he ought to go ahead,

48

DI.

EUR. DI.

CHOR,.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 471-497

Enough! Igo. Too troublesome by far

Am I, not witting that the chieftains hate me!

Good Heavens! I’mruined. I had clean for- gotten

The thing whereon my whole success depends.

My own Euripides, my best and sweetest,

Perdition seize me if I ask aught else

Save this one thing, this only, only this,

Give me some chervil, borrowing from your mother.

The man insults us. Shut the palace up.®

O Soul, without our chervil we must go.

Knowest thou the perilous strife thou hast to strive,

Speaking in favour of Laconian men ?

On, on, my Soul! Here is the line. How? What ?

Swallow Euripides, and yet not budge?

Oh, good! Advance, O long-enduring heart,

Go thither, lay thine head upon the block,

And say whatever to thyself seems good.

Take courage! Forward! March! O well done, heart !

What will you say ? What will you do? Man, is it true

You are made up of iron and of shameless-

ness too ?

You who will, one against us all, debate,

Offering your neck a hostage to the State ! Nought does he fear.

Since you will have it so, speak, we will hear

Bear me no grudge, spectators, if, a beggar, I dare to speak before the Athenian people

VOL, I E 49

ARISTOPHANES

SrA \ ~ / yh ~

peAAw trepl Tis moAcws, Tpvywdiay TowWv.

TO yap Sixatov olde Kal Tpvywdia.

> \ A / \ us / LA

eye be Aref dewa pev, dixaa Se.

od yap pe vov ye SuaBaArct KAdwy ott

Seven Tapovre TH aroAw Kax@s eyo.

adrol yap éopev otal Anvaiw 7’ ayav,

Kkovmw Edvor mdpevow* ovTe yap ddpor

HKovow ovT ex Tov ToAEwv of EVppaxot’

adn éopev adrol viv ye mepreTTiopevot’

Tovs yap eTOlKous Axupa TOV aoTav A€éyw. , > A \ ~ \ / / éya d€ wrod pwev Aakedaysoviovs ofddpa, 2 cal ¢ ~ ¢ \ / /,

kavtots 6 Ilocedav, otri Tawdpw eds,

oeloas amacw euBddror Tas oikias*

Kajol yap éotw apmédAva KeKoppeva.

> tA / \ ¢ / > , 2

arap, pido. yap of mapdvres ev Ady,

tl Tabra, TovS Adkwvas airreseba ;

HOV yap avOpes, ovxt THY Tmodw Aێyo,

pEepnode Too0’, ote odxl THY 7OAW Aéyoo,

add’ dvSpdpra poxOnpa, TapakeKoppEeva,

aTiya Kal Tapdonua Kal mapdgeva,

eouxodavre. Meyapéwv ta yAavioxia’

Kel tov aixvoy idorev 7 Aayed.ov

a” , x“ / ”“ A Ld

xowpidiov 7) aKdpodov 7%) xovdpods aAas,

tatr jv Meyapixa Karénpar’ adv0npepov.

@ The speech throughout is probably a parody of one in the Telephus, and for ll. 497, 498 the Scholiast quotes the original as—

ph por POovhanr’, dvdpes ‘EXMivwv axpor, el mrwxos Gy TéTAynK’ ev EcOdoicw Eyerv.

> Only citizens and péroixo were present at the “ Lenaea.”

¢ They are “ clean-winnowed,”’ only the grain being left, of which the dorol are the flour and the uérocxa the bran,

50

505

510

515

520

THE ACHARNIANS, 499-522

About the city in a comic play.4 fi For what is true even comedy can tell. And I shall utter startling things but true. Nor now can Cleon slander me because, With strangers present, I defame the State. Tis the Lenaea, and we’re all alone ; ° No strangers yet have come ; nor from the states Have yet arrived the tribute and allies. We're quite alone clean-winnowed ; for I count Our alien residents the civic bran.°

The Lacedaemonians I detest entirely ; And may Poseidon, Lord of Taenarum, Shake @ all their houses down about their ears ; For I, like you, have had my vines cut down. But after all—for none but friends are here— Why the Laconians do we blame for this ? For men of ours, I do not say the State, Remember this, I do not say the State,’ But worthless fellows of a worthless stamp, Ill-coined, ill-minted, spurious little chaps, Kept on denouncing Megara’s little coats/ And if a cucumber or hare they saw, Or sucking-pig, or garlic, or lump-salt,9 All were Megarian, and were sold off-hand.”

4 i.e. as ’Evvoctyaos, the Earth-Shaker. Sparta suffered from earthquakes ; ef. Thue. i. 128. 2; Paus. vii. 25. 1.

- He emphasizes this because that was the exact charge; cf. 503.

«The é&wuides which formed the staple manufacture of Megara; ef. Xen. Mem. ii. 7.6”: R.

— 9 de, rock-salt.

4 i.e. after being denounced as Megarian and confiscated ; cf. 542. The exclusion of the Megarians from the “ market of Athens and Athenian harbours’ was put forward by Sparta in 431 s.c. as one of the chief grounds for war; ef. Thue. i. 139. 1.

51

ARISTOPHANES

Kal Tadra joev 57) opiKpa KamiyxwpLa, mopynv dé LXipaiav idvres Meyapdde veaviat KA€mTovor peOvooKdTTaPou*

3)? J a Ka?” ot Meyapis ddvvais mepvovyywpevot \ avre€ekAcav “Aomacias mépva Svo° KavTed0ev apx7) Tod troAc¢uou Kareppdyn "EAAno. méow ex tpidv AaKkaorpidv. evred0ev opyh IlepuxAéns OdAvprros notpant, eBpovra, EvverdKa tiv “EAAdéa, eriOev voprous Womep oKdALa yeypappevous, ws xp) Meyapéas pre yR par’ ev ayopa

ie A > / 3 > > / ’ 6 pyr ev Oaratrn pit €v ATEipw peévew. évred0ev ot Meyapis, dre 5x) *meivwv Badnv, AaxeSayoviwy edéovro To Pidiop’ drws

, \ PS) A ¥ A / -

peraotpadein TO dia Tas AatKaoTpias ovk 70€dopev 8° Hts Seopevwv troAdAdxts.

> lol ” , Ey ~ > / Kavtedbev dn TaTaAyos Hv TOV aomidwr. > a > “~ > \ / > “~ ” €pel Tis, oD xphv: GAAa Ti exphy etmare. dep’, ct Aaxedaysoviwy tis exrrAcdoas oxddet amédoTo divas Kuvidioy Lepidiwv, Kabob? dv év Sdpovcow; 4 ToAdod ye Set

‘ / / “ > /, / Kat Kdpta pevtav ed0dws KabeiAkere

, ~ * 3° a“ ¢€ | Ws

Tpiakoatas vats, Hv 8° av 4 modus mAEa BoptBov orpatwwrdv, wept tpinpdpxov Pojs, puab0d Sdopevov, IladAadiwv xpvcovpevwr, aTods aTevaxovons, ovriwy peTpoupEevwr, 52

525

530

535

540

545

— a

Ne

_PDAPNHE

THE ACHARNIANS, 523-548

Still these were trifles, and our country’s way.

But some young tipsy cottabus-players went

And stole from Megara-town the fair Simaetha. Then the Megarians, garlicked with the smart, Stole, in return, two of Aspasia’s @ hussies. $

From these three Wantons o’er the Hellenic race Burst forth the first beginnings of the War.

For then, in wrath, the Olympian Pericles Thundered and lightened, and confounded Hellas, Enacting laws which ran like drinking-songs,°

That the Megarians presently depart

From earth and sea, the mainland, and the mart.

Then the Megarians, slowly famishing,

Besought their Spartan friends to get the Law

Of the three Wantons cancelled and withdrawn. And oft they asked us, but we yielded not.

Then followed instantly the clash of shields. Ye'llsay They should not; but what should they, then? Come now, had some Laconian, sailing out, Denounced and sold a small Seriphian¢ dog,

Would you have sat unmoved? Far, far from that ! Ye would have launched three hundred ships of war, And all the City had at once been full

Of shouting troops, of fuss with trierarchs,

Of paying wages, gilding Pallases,4

Of rations measured, roaring colonnades,

@ The famous mistress of Pericles. » The oxédov it resembles was by Timocreon of Rhodes: “ dperév a’, & ruphe Thobre, | wire yn pir’ év Oardooy | pwijr’ év

qreipw pavivat.. .

¢ Seriphus is a very small island, one of the Cyclades, due east from Sparta. The smallest injury to the smallest “island ”’ would have roused Athens to fury.

@ i.e. for figure-heads or the like.

53

| SHAT A XA

ARISTOPHANES

doKOv, TpoTwripwv, Kddovs wvovpevwv, okopddwy, ehadv, Kpopptewv ev dSuxtvots, oTepdvwv, Tpixldwy, avAnTpidwy, dmwariwv* TO, vewpiov 8” ad Kwiréwv trAaTovpevwr, TUAwy popovvtwr, Oarayidv tpoTroupéevw, avrA@v, KeAcevoT@v, viyAdpwv, ovpryparwr. Tair old’ dru dv edpare: tov dé THAedov ovK oldpecba; vods dp” juiv odK eve.

HM. A. GAnbes, @rirpimte Kal prapwrarte; Tavtl od ToAuds mrwyds Ov Has déyew, Kal ovkodavrTns el Tis wv, wveldioas;

HM. B. v7) TOV IlocedH, Kal A€yer y’ amep Aéyet dixava mavTa Koveev adradyv pevderar.

HM. A. €l7 ef Sixava, ToOTov ciety adr’ exphy; aAX’ od TL xaipwv Tatra ToAunoe Aéyeww.

HM. B. odTos ov 7rot Deis; od peveis; ws et Oevets Tov avdpa Todrov, adros apOyoe. taxa.

7\ / > > , > b HM. A. iw Adpay’, ® BrAerwv aorpamas, / > / re BorPnaov, & yopyoAdda, paveis, ia Adpay’, & pid’, d& dvdéra- elte Tis €oT. Taki- apxos, 7) oTpaTnydos, 7 Tetxoudxas avynp, BonOnoarw Tis avtoas. eyw yap éxopwat péaos.

* xal tradra éx Tydépovu: Schol. The speech ends, as it began, with a quotation, and its effect is to split the Chorus into two hostile sections.

54

555

565 .

570

Joie OIG ee GAC THE ACHARNIANS, 549-571

Of wineskins, oarloops, bargaining for casks, Of nets of onions, olives, garlic-heads, Of chaplets, pilchards, flute-girls, and black eyes. And all the arsenal had rung with noise Of oar-spars planed, pegs hammered, oar- loops fitted, Of boatswains’ calls, and flutes, and trills, and whistles. This had ye done ; and shall not Telephus,? Think we, do this ? we’ve got no brains at all. SEMICHORUS I. Aye, say you so, you rascally villain ou ? And this from you, a beggar? Dare you blame us Because, perchance, we've got etermners here? SEMICHORUS II. ‘Aye, by Poseidon, every word he says Is true and right ; he tells no lies at all. s.c.1. True or untrue, is he the man to say it ? T’llpay him out,though, for his insolent speech. s.c.u. Whitheraway? I pray youstay. If him you hurt, You'll find your own self hoisted up directly.? s.c.1. Lamachus! Help! with thy glances of light- ning ; Terrible-crested, appear in thy pride, Come, O Lamachus, tribesman and friend to us 5 Is there a stormer of cities beside ? Is there a captain? O come ye in haste, Help me, O help! Iam caught by the waist.

> A scuffle takes place in the orchestra, in which the leader of the first semichorus is worsted.

55.

ARISTOPHANES

AAMAXOS. 70ev Bojjs Kove" TroAcuaTnpias ;

Al.

mot xp7) BonBeiv ; Tot KvdoyLov eu Bader ; tis Dopyov" Cenvepey € ex TOO odyparos ; ® Ada’ ypws, trav Addwv Kal TOv AdxXov. 55

HM. A. @ Aduay’, od yap obtos avOpwros maAau

AA. Al.

Al.

AA.

dmacav Hudv thy moAw Kakoppobe?; odros od ToAWGs TTWYOS WV A€yew : TAOE; a Adpax’ pws, aAAa ovyyvepny Exe, el TTWXOS cov elmov Tt KdoTwpvAdpny . ti 8° elmas yds; ovK épeis; ovK odd m7w* 580 ¢ A ~ rg A ~ bid > ~ bo Tob d€ous yap Tav OrrAwy idvyyd. > a" 3 ~ > > / - \ / aan’ avriBorAd a”, améveyKé ov THv woppova, idov. / ¢ , 2. A > / mapabes vuv brtiav adrny Epol. Keira. fépe vuv amo TOD Kpdvous LoL TO TTEpPOV. Toutt mTiAov got. Ths Kepadjs viv pou AaBod, 585 >? , 7 ‘ \ / iv’ e€epeow: BdeAvTropat yap Tods Addovs. obtos, Ti Spdoeis; TH mriAw péeAdeis eweiv; mrirov ydp éoTw; «ime por, Tivos moTé dpvilds eorw; dpa KoutroAakvbov; oi ws TeOvy€er.

pndapas, & @ Adpaxe 590 ob yap Kat’ ioxvv eotw* €i O° loxupos él, Tip’ ovK areypwAnoas; evomdos yap ef. Tavtt A€yets ov TOV OTpaTHYOV TTWXOS WV;

-

@ Emblazoned on his shield. » «*L.. superciliously calls the huge ostrich feather ri\ov, a term used of the soft and downy plumage of the breast’; R.

56

THE ACHARNIANS, 572-593

tamacuus. Whence came the cry of battle to my ears ?

Where shall I charge ? where cast the battle- din ? Who roused the sleeping Gorgon? from its case ? O Lamachus hero, O those crests and cohorts ! O Lamachus, here has this fellow been With frothy words abusing all the State. You dare, you beggar, say such things as those ? O Lamachus hero, grant me pardon true If I, a beggar, spake or chattered aught. What said you? Hey? I can’t remember yet. I get so dizzy at the sight of arms. I pray you lay that terrible shield aside. There then. Now set it upside down before me. Tis done. Now give me from your crest that plume. Here ; take the feather.® Now then, hold my head, And let me vomit. I so loathe those crests. What! use my feather, rogue, to make you vomit ? A feather is it, Lamachus? Pray what bird Produced it ? Isit a Great Boastard’s plume? Death and Destruction ! No, no, Lamachus. That’s not for strength like yours. If strong you are Why don’t you circumcise me? You're well armed. What ! you, a beggar, beard the general so?

57

ARISTOPHANES

Al. €ya yap elu mTWxXds;

AA. aAAa Tis yap €t;

Al. doris; moditns xpnotds, od amovdapyxidns, 595 GAN &€ drov mep 0 méAEWos, oTpaTwridys, od 8’ e& drov mep 6 mdAcpos, probapyxidys.

AA. €xelpoTovycay yap be—

Al. KoKkuyes ye Tpels. Tabr ovv eya BdeAuTTopmevos eoTevoduny, Op@v troAwvs pev avdpas ev tats ta€eow, 600 veavias 8’ olovs od duadedpakdras Tovs prev ert Opdkns prolodopodvras pets

Spaxyds, Ticapevohawimmovs, Ilavoupyummapxidas: érépous dé mapa Xdpytt, tovs 8 ev Xadar | epyToleodapous, Avopevadatovas, 605 tovs 8° ev Kapapivy kav l'éAa xav Karayéda.

AA. exetpotovynoay yap.

Al. airvov de rt buds pev aet proBodopeiv aunyern,

Twvol dé pndev’ ; eredv, ® MapiAddn,

707 menpéoBeveas, ov molds wv evn; 610 dvéevevoe * Kaito. y° eoTi oadpayv Kapydarys.

ti Sat ApdxvdAdos KkEvdopidns 7 Ipwidns;

eidev Tis DUL@v TraxBdrav’ 7 Tovs Xadvas ;

ov pacw. adn’ 6 Kovovpas Kal Adpaxos,

ols ba épdvov TE Kal xXpe@v Tmpwonv OTE, 615

@ Silly, empty-headed fellows ; “ gowks.”

® The personal allusions in these names are obscure.

¢ The name is a mere pun on T'édg.

@ One of the Chorus; so too with the names in 612.

¢ dyn: the Scholiasts did not understand this, but one renders it “long ago”; no one has explained it satisfactorily.

58

LAM. DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 594-615

A beggar am I, Lamachus ? What else ? An honest townsman, not an office-seekrian, Since war began, an active-service-seekrian, — But you're, since war began, a full-pay- seekrian. The people chose me— Aye, three cuckoo-birds.¢ That’s what I loathe ; that’s why I made my treaty, When grey-haired veterans in the ranks I saw, And boys like you, paltry malingering boys, Off, some to Thrace—their daily pay three drachmas— Phaenippuses, Hipparchidreprobatians,? And some with Chares, to Chaonia some, Geretotheodores, Diomirogues, and some To Camarina, Gela, and Grineela.¢ The people chose them— And how comes it, pray, That you are always in receipt of pay, And these are NEveR? Come, Marilades,@ You are old and grey ¢; when have you served as envoy? Never! Yet he’s a steady, active man. Well then, Euphorides, Prinides, Dracyllus, Have you Ecbatana or Chaonia seen ? Never! But Coesyra’s son’ and Lamachus, They have; to whom, for debts and calls ~ unpaid, 9

? ie. any young nobleman. en eee to the great family of the Alemaeonidae ; ef. C

9 In Dem. 821. 14 épdvous Nédourre (“ Fe fe left his sub- i ee unpaid ”’) is used to describe a rascal; and see

8.U.

59

AA. Al. AA.

Al.

ARISTOPHANES

@omep amdovimT pov exXeovres éoTrépas, dmavres efioTw Tapyjvouv of pido.

@ SnpoKxparia, TatTa fT avacyera;

od Oar" ; éav a pucbodoph ye Adpayos.

add’ obv eyw ev maou ITeAorrovynatous 620 det Tohepnjow, Kal Tapdgo TavTaxy,

Kat vavat kad meCotot, KaTa TO KapTEpOV.

eya dé KNpUTTW ye lleAorrovynatous

amact Kat Meyapetou Kal Boworious

mwr€v ayopdlew mpos ene, Aapdxyw dé 117). 625

av7ip viKG Totot Adyouow, Kal Tov SHpov peTa- meiBet ~ > > > / ~ mept TaV omovddv. GAN amodvvTes Tots avamaloTo.s emiwpev.

"EE od ye xopotow efeoTnkev TpvytKois 6 vodoKadAos pay,

ovmTw mapeBn mpos TO Oéarpov AdEwv ws deEvds €or:

dvaBaddopevos S° bad tev eyOpav ev ev *AOn-

vatous taxuBovrors, 630

Ws Kwpwde? THY TéAW Hudv Kal Tov Shpov KabvBpicer,

amoxpiveola. Sdetrar vuvi mpos *A@nvatous petaBovdous ;

dnow 8° elvar ody ayabdv dévos byiv 6 {MOUTHS

mavoas duds Eevixotor Adyous pa Alay e&- arratacbat,

2 The leader of the Chorus speaks as though the poet in person had ‘“‘ come forth ” (wapé8y) to deliver the Parabasis,

60

THE ACHARNIANS, 616-634

Their friends but now, like people throwing out

Their slops at eve, were crying “ Stand away!” LAM. O me! Democracy ! can this be borne ? pi. No, not if Lamachus receive no pay. LAM. But I with all the Peloponnesian folk

Will always fight, and vex them everyway,

By land, by sea, with all my might and main.

[Exit pi. And I to all the Pelopqnnesian folk, Megarians and Boeotians, give full leave To trade with me ; but not to Lamachus. [Ewit

pe rab ge | CHOR. The man has the best of the wordy debate, and the hearts of the people is winning To his plea for the truce. Now doff we our robes, our own anapaestics beginning.

Since first to exhibit his plays he began, our chorus-instructor has never Come forth ¢ to confess in this public address how tactful he is and how clever. But now that he knows he is slandered by foes before Athens so quick to assent, Pretending he jeers our City and sneers at the people with evil intent, He is ready and fain his cause to maintain before Athens so quick to repent. Let honour and praise be the guerdon, he says, of the poet whose satire has stayed you From believing the orators’ novel conceits wherewith they cajoled and betrayed you ;

which is the first that has come down to us “a Parabasis complete in all its seven parts”; see note on W. 1009. 61

ARISTOPHANES

pnd? 7Sec0ar Owrrevoprévovs und” elvat yavvoroAl-

Tas. / et ae > A “ / e , > mpotepov 8 buds amo tev mdéAewv ot mpéoBets &&- aTATWVTES a“ \ > / > SI > A ae 4 , mp@rtov ev Looreddvovs exdAovy* Kameid} TOOTS Tis €l7rol, 79\ \ AY / : Se Oe ~ /, ev0ds dia Tovs oTepdvous én” Akpwv TOV Tuydiwv exabnode. > / ¢€ lol ¢€ 4, \ , et O€ tis duds bro8wmetcas AiTapas Kadécevev > Aéjvas, A ~ a“ \ A , > / A evpeTo Trav av dia Tas Aurapds, addwv TYyshv TeEpt- dibas. ~ / ~ > ~ v wae Tatra moujoas moAA@v ayabdv airios buiy ye- yevnrat, ‘ \ / > a / / ¢ Kat Tovs Oyuous ev Tais méAcow Sei~as, cs Snpo- KpatovvTat. / ~ > ~ / A / c A > TovyapTo. viv ex TOV mdoAewv Tov dopov byiv am- ayovTes 7 > a > ~ A +! ‘ ” nfovow, dev éemiOupodvres Tov mounTiy TOV apt- oTov, Lid 4 > > a > > / ‘\ ’ Gotis mapexwdvvevo’ ecimetv ev "AOnvaiois ra 8i- Kala. M4 > > ~ ‘ ~ / ” / / ovtw 5° adrod mepi tis ToAuns 75n moppw KAé€os nKEL, , ote kai Baowreds, Aaxedaysoviwy thy mpecBelay Bacavilav, HpwoTnoEV TPATa ev avdTovs TOTEpoL Tals VavOl Kpa- Tovow * \ ~ A A / ” A elra 5€ todrov Tov ToinTiy moTepous €lmoL Kaka moAAa 4 \ ” A > / A , tovtous yap Edy Tovs avOpuzovs todd BeArious ye- yevijobat

62

635

645

THE ACHARNIANS, 635-650

Who bids you despise adulation and lies nor be citizens Vacant and Vain. For before, when an embassy came from the states intriguing your favour to gain, And called you the town of the vioLeT crown, so grand and exalted ye grew, That at once on your tiptails erect ye would sit, those crowns were so pleasant to you. And then, if they added the suiny, they got whatever they asked for their praises, Though apter, I ween, for an oily sardine than for you and your City the phrase is. By this he’s a true benefactor to you, and by showing with humour dramatic The way that our wise democratic allies are ruled by our State democratic. And therefore their people will come oversea, their tribute to bring to the City, Consumed with desire to behold and admire the poet so fearless and witty, Who dared in the presence of Athens to speak the thing that is rightful and true. And truly the fame of his prowess, by this, has been bruited the universe through, When the Sovereign of Persia, desiring to test what the end of our warfare will be, Inquired of the Spartan ambassadors, first, which nation is queen of the sea, And next, which the wonderful Poet has got, as its stern and unsparing adviser ; For those who are lashed by his satire, he said, must surely be better and wiser,

« The famous epithet applied to Athens by Pindar (Frag. 76), ai re Aurapal Kal loorépavor kal dotdipor “EXAddos éperoua, kNewal "Adadvat.

63

ARISTOPHANES

oS A : \ , a , kav T@ TrodAeuw Tord viKjoew, TodTov EvuBovdov exovras. dia Tad” jas AaxeSaydvior ri eiphvnv mpo- Kadobvrat, \ \ w > ~ \ ~ /, A kat THv Aiywav dmattobow: Kal THs vijcou pev exeivns > , > > x aes fol ‘ 4 > od dpovrilovo’, add” iva tobrov Tov momri ad- éAwvrat. > oC a la +> apy? ¢ /, A aaAA vpcts ToL un TOT abHO’: ds kwpmdjoer Ta dikava* 655 dnow 8 dyads modda diddéew ayd’, wor’ eddat- feovas elva, > 7, 4)? ¢e / , 29> > od Owretwr, o8 trorelvwv pucbods, od8’ eéar- atuArAwv, ovde mavoupySv, ovdé kardpdwv, ddAd ra BéATLoTa diddoKwv.

~ ‘ mpos tadra Kiéwy Kai madapdobw ~ >

Kat Trav én’ uot texrawécbw. 660 TO yap «0 wet euod Kal TO dSixatov

7, ” ? / > ¢ ~ Evppaxov Eotar, Kod py 700” GArA@ Tept THY mOAW Ov WomTep eKeivos dewAds Kal Aakaranvywr.

Sdedpo Modo’ eAbe dreyupd, wupos éxovca pévos, ev- tovos, “Ayapvikn. 665 olov e€ dvOpdxwv mpwiver déados aviAar’, épebe- Copevos odpia puTide, © FFD 4 A > / > , nik’ av émavOpakides Bow tapakelpwevar, 670

* Aegina had become tributary to Athens about 455 p.c. ; its autonomy was demanded by Sparta at the outset of the

64

THE ACHARNIANS, 651-670

And they'll in the war be the stronger by far, enjoying his counsel and skill. And therefore the Spartans approach you to-day with proffers of Peace and Goodwill, Just asking indeed that Aegina ¢ ye cede ; and nought do they care for the isle, But you of the Poet who serves you so well they fain would despoil and beguile. But be you on your guard nor surrender the bard ; for his Art shall be righteous and true. Rare blessings and great will he work for the State, rare happiness shower upon you 3 Not fawning, or bribing, or striving to cheat with an empty unprincipled jest ; Not seeking your favour to curry or nurse, but teaching the things that are best.

AND THEREFORE I say to the people to-day,

Let Cleon the worst of his villainies try,

His anger I fear not, his threats I defy !

For Honour and Right beside me will fight, And never shall I

In ought that relates to the city be found

Such a craven as he, such a profligate hound, pe 2 7

O Muss, fiery-flashing, with temper of flame, energetic, Acharnian, come to my gaze, Like the wild spark that leaps from the evergreen oak, when its red-glowing charcoal is fanned to a blaze, And the small fish are lying all in order for the

frying ;

war, 431 B.c., but the Athenians at once expelled all the in- habitants and colonized it (Thue. ii. 27), Aristophanes may have been of Aeginetan origin ; see Rogers’ Introd p. ix.

VOL. I F 65

ARISTOPHANES

¢ \ / > ~ / ot 5€ @aciav avaxvkGor AvrapdprvKa, of S¢ Bartwow, ottw coBapov €dOE pédAos evTovov aypouKoTovov,

ws ee AaBotoa tov Sypdorny.

¢ /, e A / ~ / of yépovtes of maAaol peuddopecda TH moAct. +) \ ff > / @ > , od yap agiws éxeivwy dv evavpayjnoapev ynpoBooxovpeo? bf’ budv, GdAda Sewa maoxoper. @ , * > / > ‘ olrwes yépovras avopas éuBadrdvres és ypahas dO veavioxwy eGte KatayeAdoba pytdopwr,

>

ovdev dvras, GAAa Kwdhods Kal mapeEnvAnpevous, ofs Ilocedadv aoddreds eotw 1 Baxrypia: / \ / ~ U ,

rovOoptlovres dé yipa TO ALOw mpocéoraper,

> <a 29 \ > A ~ / \ b] 4 obx Opavres oddev et pur) THS Sixns THY HAv’ynY.

e \ / ¢ ~ /, aA 6 5€ veavias, éavT@ omovddoas Evvyyopeiv,

> / / / / a Lae és taxos male. Evvattwv oTpoyyvAots Tots pHyact*

ee > /, > a / Aue. = ‘ > ~ KGT dveAktcas €pwrd, cxavddAnOp’ taras erav,

” \ / \ 4, ‘ “~ dvipa Tiwvdv orapattwy Kal TAapaTTwY Kal KUK@V,

@ Oacla, sc. &dun, is a sort of pickle, and perhaps the Pindaric epithet \vrapduv«a (“* with shining frontlet’’) refers to the gleam of the fish as they are dipped in it.

» The Scholiast explains as = 7@ Bhuari (ef. P. 690), “* the orator’s stand’; but Rogers thinks there ‘“‘ would be in every dicastery a sort of stone altar on which the witnesses and others took their oaths.”

¢ i.e, the fog in which it had become enveloped,

66

675

680

688

THE ACHARNIANS, 671-688

And some are mixing Thasian, richly dight, shiny- bright, And some dip the small fish therein ; Come, fiery-flashing Maid, to thy fellow-burgher’s aid, With exactly such a song, so glowing and so strong, To our old rustic melodies akin,

WE the veterans blame the City. Is it meet and right that we, Who of old, in manhood’s vigour, fought your battles on the sea, Should in age be left untended, yea exposed to shame and ill? Is it right to let the youngsters air their pert forensic skill, Grappling us with writs and warrants, holding up our age to scorn? We who now have lost our music, feeble nothings, dull, forlorn, We whose only “ Safe Poseidon ” is the staff we lean upon, There we stand, decayed and muttering, hard beside the Court-house Stone,® Nought discerning all around us save the darkness of our case.¢ Comes the youngster, who has compassed for himself the accuser’s place, Slings his tight and nipping phrases, | tackling us with legal scraps, Pulls us up and cross-examines, setting little verbal traps, Rends and rattles old Tithonus till the man is dazed and blind ;

67

ARISTOPHANES

6 8 in6 yipws paorapvler, Kar’ dbAdv amépxeran* efra AvLler kal Saxpter, Kal Aéyer mpds Tods Pidrous, 690 od m’ exphv copov mpiacba, robr’ dbAdy amrépxopat.

rabra mds eixdta, yépovt’ aroAdcat, modo avdpa, mept KArAebddpav,

TOAAG 81) Evpirovijcavra, Kal Deppov drropopEdpevov > \ ¢ a \ A v4 avdpikov tSp@ra 87) Kat moAvv,

dvSp’ ayabcv dvta Mapabdvi rept tiv modw;

> a A ¢ 3 > > 4

eira Mapabau pev 67’ jer, edu@kopev*

vov § bn’ avdpav movnpdv ofddpa Suxdpc0a, KaTa mpocadioKopeba. 701

mpos Tdde Ti avTeper Mapipias;

TO yap «ixds avdpa Kuddv, HAiKov Oov«vdidyy eEoréo0ar cvupmAakévra TH Ukvldv epypia,

tad. TH Kydroodiyjpw, TO AdAw Evvynyopw; 705 ar eyd pwev HAenoa KarrepopEdunv tsav

dvSpa mpecBirnv tn’ avdpos tofdrov KuKwevor,

ds pa tiv Arinrp’, exeivos Hvir’ jv Oov«vdidys,

@ Here in the sense of ‘* prosecutors.”

» girdveckos Kal prvapos Kal OopvBHdns phrwp : Schol.

¢ An aristocratic leader, the rival of Pericles, ostracized 4448.c. Cephisodemus and Evathlus (710) were two of his accusers; the former probably ‘‘ had some Scythian blood in his veins,” and “a Scythian wilderness”? seems to stand for something barbarous, inhuman; ¢f. Aesch. P.V. 2 Zxvdnv és oluwov, &Barov els épnulay.

68

THE ACHARNIANS, 689-708

Till with toothless gums he mumbles, then departs condemned and fined ; Sobbing, weeping, as he passes, to his friends he murmurs low, All P've saved to buy a coffin now to pay the fine must go.

How can it be seemly a grey-headed man by the Water-clock’s stream to decoy and to slay, Who of old, young and bold, laboured hard for the State, who would wipe off his sweat and return to the fray ? At Marathon arrayed, to the battle-shock we ran, And our mettle we displayed, foot to foot, man to man, And our name and our fame shall not die. Aye in youth we were Pursuers on the Marathonian plain, But in age Pursuers * vex us, and our best defence is vain.

To this what can Marpsias ® reply ?

Ou, Tuucyp1pDEs ¢ to witness, bowed with age, in sore distress, Feebly struggling in the clutches of that Seythian wilderness Fluent glib Cephisodemus,— Oh the sorrowful display ! I myself was moved with pity, yea and wiped a tear away, Grieved at heart the gallant veteran by an archer mauled to view ; Him who, were he, by Demeter, that Thucydides we knew,

69

ARISTOPHANES

9939 =4N 7 yh \ > / ¢ / P20 00d’ av adbriy tiv ’Axaiay padiws hvéoxero, > A / / 7 4N Lal be adda Katemddace wev y’ av mpatov KiabAovs d€Ka, 710 / > ”“ \ , KateBoynoe 5° av Kexpayws to€dTas Tpio- xXiovs, / PK b] “ ~ ‘ ‘ mepieToEevoev 5° dv adtod Tod matpos Tovs évyyeveis. > > >? \ \ / > AQ? M4 GAN’ ézevd7) Tods yéepovtas odK €al” dmvov TUXELD, / A > A / bid “ ympioacbe xwpis elvar Tas ypads, OTws av H TO yépovTe pev yepov Kal vwdos 6 6 Evvijyopos, 715 Tois véotot 5° evp¥tpwxtos Kal Addos xw

KAewiov. > 4 A \ / a“ F Ka€cAavvew xp) TO Aowrdv, Kav ddyn Tis, Cnproby

TOV yepovTa T@ yepovrt, Tov veov S€ TH vew. ¢ \ > a > a => 2 aA Al. Opot pev ayopads eiow olde THs Euts. evtad?” ayopal fot led ( 720 yopalew maar IleAomovynaious efeort Kal Meyapedou kal Bo.wrtious ep’ re mwAety mpos eMe, Aapdxye dé py. dyopavdpous d€ THs ayopas Kkabiorapat Tpeis tos AaydvTas Toved’ iwdavras. €K Aempav. > A / / pe evrai0a pyre ovKopdavTns etaitw 125

* i.e. Demeter. Plutarch and Hesychius derive the title Axala from ax, sorrows, but though this is doubtful, “ it may perhaps explain the epithet given in the translation”: R.

e Evathlus was a ugnacious orator whose name suggests that he was “ a good fighter.”

¢ Alcibiades.

4 Jn this new scene what was the Puyx somehow becomes the market-place of Dicaeopolis.

70

THE ACHARNIANS, 709-725

Would have stood no airs or nonsense from the Goddess Travel-sore,* Would have thrown, the mighty wrestler, ten Evathluses 8 or more, Shouted down three thousand archers with his accents of command, Shot his own accuser’s kinsmen in their Scythian fatherland. Nay, but if ye will not leave us to our hardly earned repose, Sort the writs, divide the actions, separating these from those ; Who assails the old and toothless ; should be old and toothless too ; For a youngster, wantons, gabblers, Cleinias’ son ¢ the trick may do. So for future fines and exiles, fair and square the balance hold, | Let the youngster sue the youngster, | and the old man sue the old. |

DI. These are the boundaries of my market-

place ; 4

And here may all the Peloponnesian folk,

Megarians and Boeotians, freely trade

Selling to me, but Lamachus may not.

And these three thongs, of Leprous make, I set

As market-clerks,* elected by the lot.

Within these bounds may no informer come,

¢ Officers who kept order in the market; cf. 824, 968. The allusion in é« Aerpdv is obscure. Some read derpéav (se. Bodv) and quote the Scholiast ra r&v Aempav Body dépuara

loxupa. 71

ARISTOPHANES

’ dest | ” a / > > > / pnt ddXos doris Dacvavds €or’ avip. > ‘ \ \ / >. a > / eya 5é THY oTHAnv Kal” Hv éoTrercdpnv pérey, , Wa oTjow dhavepayv ev Tayopa.

METAPETS. dyopa 'v A@avais yaipe, Meyapedow ida. > / \ A / A / erd0ovv tv vai tov Didvov Grep paréepa. 730 GAN’, & movnpa Kwpry’ abdov matpos, + \ / w > a / auPare moTTav paddav, at x evpyTé 74. dxovere 54, motéxer’ eulv Tay yaorTepa’ moTepa mempaabar yp7jdder’, ) TEWhy KaK@s ; KOPA. mempado0ar wempdcba. 735 ME. eywrya KatTos day. tis 8° ovTws avous ds tue Ka mpiarto, davepay Capiav; GAN gore ydp pot Meyapixd tis payava. xXolpovs yap tue oxevdoas pac dépew. / / \ c \ ~ / mepilecbe Taode Tas OTAds THY yxowpiwv. 740 Ld \ a> Ss > > ~ 8 Omws d€ So€eir’ Huev €€ ayalas dos: ¢ \ \ ¢ ~ ” ¢ a_? ” ws val tov “Epuayv, atmep tketr’ olkadis ampata, meipacetobe Tas Awad Kakds. > > > / \ \ A ¢ , GAN’ apdibecbe Kai radi Ta puyxia, ” > A / #@Q9 > / KnTeiTev €s TOV GdKKov @d éaPaiveTe. 745 omws Sé ypudAeire Kai Kol€ere xhocire Pwvav yxowpiwy pvoTnpiKOv. ? \ A ~ / 7 eyav d€ Kapv€® AtxaidroAw omg. Atxad7roAr, 4 Ans mpiacbar yxoupia; / > Al. ti avnp Meyapuxds;

@ Lit. “from the river Phasis’’ in Colchis, but here the word is taken as derived from ¢do1s=‘‘ an information,” cf. pavd 827.

> Treaties were regularly inscribed on orf\a.

¢ Exit Dicaeopolis and a half-starved Megarian enters, followed by two little girls whom he bids “* mount” (ef. éuBare) the stage from the side-scenes.

72

THE ACHARNIANS, 726-750

Or any other syco-Phasian ? man. But I'll go fetch the Treaty-Pillar ® here, And set it up in some conspicuous place.®

MEGARIAN. Guid day, Athanian market, Megara’s

GIRLS. MEG.

DI.

luve ! By Frien’ly Zeus, I’ve miss’t ye like my mither. But ye, puir bairnies o’ a waefu’ father, Speel up, ye’ll aiblins fin’ a barley-bannock. Now listen, bairns; atten’ wi’ a’ yere— painch ; 4 Whilk wad ye liefer, to be sellt or clemmed ? Liefer be sellt !_ Liefer be sellt ! An’ sae say I mysel’! But wha sae doited As to gie aught for you, a sicker skaith ? Aweel, I ken a pawkie Megara-trick,? I’se busk ye up, an’ say I’m bringin’ piggies. Here, slip these wee bit clooties on yere nieves, An’ shaw yeresells a decent grumphie’s weans. For gin’ I tak’ ye hame unsellt, by Hairmes Ye'll thole the warst extremities 0’ clemmin’. Ne’est, pit thir lang pig-snowties owre yere nebs, An’ stech yere bodies in this sackie. - Sae. An’ min’ ye grunt an’ grane an’ g-r-r awa’, An’ mak’ the skirls 0’ little Mystery piggies Mysel’ will ca’ for Dicaeopolis. Hae! Dicaeopolis ! Are ye for buyin’ onie pigs the day ? How now, Megarian ?

4 rv vodv was expected for ri ydorepa. W's Megarians claimed to be the inventors of Comedy 3 a OLE

* Sucking-pigs sacrificed to Demeter before initiation ; of. P. 374, 375.

73

ME. Al. ME. Al.

ME.

Al. ME. Al. ME. Al. ME. Al. ME.

Al. ME. Al. ME.

Al. ME. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

ayopdoovtes tkopes. 150 ~ ” m@s €xeTE; Stamrewapes del OTTO Top. > > ¢ / A \ > n”“ > A fad GAN 480 Tor v7) Tov Av’, Hv adrAds Tap. , > »* 4 > c aA ~ ti 8° G\Ao mpatrel” of Meyapets viv; ota 87. cA A 1 A ~ , / oKa pev eyw THvObev eurropevdpar, + / nm > ” ~ / avdpes mpoBovAoc tobr’ Empaccov Ta ToAEL, 755 Omws TaYLoTAa Kal KdKLOT dzroAocipcBa. > ot: F v4 9 > / / atrix dp’ amadAdécobe mpaypdatwvr. od pav; ti 5 dAdo Meyapot; mas 6 otros wr.os; map dpe modvtipatos Gmep Tot Oeot. dAas obv dépeis; ody dues adTa@v GpxXeTe; 760 ovde oKdpoda; a ~ ras Tota oKopod ; vues THY del, Qo > 5 / A > a / oKK eaBdadnre, TwS apwpato pes, macoak. Tas ayAas eEopvacere. ti Sat dépes ; xolpous eywvya pwvoruKds. ~ , > / KaA@s Aéyes* emiderEov. GAAa pav Kadai. 765 ” > a c ~ A 7 avrewov, at Afjs: ws maxeia Kal Kadd.. TouTL Ti Hv TO mpaypya; xotpos vat Aia. , / 4 \ ~ ov ti r€yers GV; mrodam) yoipos HOE;

@ Lit. “ We have starving-bouts by the fire.” But Dic. is supposed to hear diarivouer, “ have drinking-bouts.” “‘In the translation the Megarian uses ‘ greeting’ in the Scotch sense of weeping; the Athenian understands it in the sense of exchanging greetings’: R.

74

MEG. DI. MEG. DI.

MEG.

DI. MEG. DI.

MEG.

DI. MEG. DI. MEG.

DI. MEG. DI. MEG.

DI. MEG. DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 750-768

Come to niffer, guidman, How fare ye all ? A’ greetin’ by the fire.* And very jolly too if there’s a piper. What do your people do besides ? Sae sae. For when I cam’ frae Megara toun the morn, Our Lairds o’ Council were in gran’ debate How we might quickliest perish, but an’ ben. So ye'll lose all your troubles. What for no? What else at Megara? What’s the price of wheat ? Och! high eneugh: high as the Gudes, an’ higher.® Got any salt ? Ye’re maisters o’ our saut.° Or garlic? » Garlic, quotha! when yeresells, Makin’ yere raids like onie swarm o’ mice, Howkit up a’ the rooties wi’ a stak’, What have you got then? Mystery piggies, I. That’s good ; let’s see them. Hae! They’re bonnie piggies. Lift it, an’t please you; ‘tis sae sleek an’ bonnie. What on earth’s this ? A piggie that, by Zeus. A pig! What sort of pig ?

® aodurivaros=(1) “ much-honoured,” ¢f. 807; or (2) high-

priced.”

¢ Their salt-works were at Nisaea; but the Athenians in 427 nic. had seized Minoa, the island or promontory which commands it (Thue. iii. 51).

75

ME.

Al. ME.

Al. ME.

Al.

ME.

KO.

ME.

Al.

ME.

Al.

ME.

Al. ME.

ARISTOPHANES

/ Meyapixd. ” > "ae 4 > > VANS) Y ? H od xoipds €o8’ ad’; odvK Eovye paiverar. > / a ~ \ > / od Sewd; Oaobe Totde Tas amuoTias: 770 wy / a s > A / ov pati tavde xotpov Type. aAAa pay, at Aijs,, mrepibov jou mepl Oupnrdav dAcv, at pn, *oTw ovTos yxotpos ‘EAAdvwv vomw. aA’ ear avOpdrov ye. \ \ / vat tov AvoxAéa, > 4 \ / ow / lal ed ya. Tv d€ vw elwevar Tivos SoKeis; 775 7 Afjis axotoa Pbeyyouevas; vy Ttovs Jeods éywrye. 4 \ A , / diver 57 TH Taxéws, xorpiov. ov xphoba; ovyds, a) KaKLOT arroAoupeva ; mddw TU amTolo@ vat TOV “Eppay oiKadis. Kot, Kol. 780 avra ott yxoipos; vov ye xotpos paiverat. > Xs > , ¥ ” / , 2 atrap extpagels ye Kvobos EoTtar TévT eTav. odd’ tof, morrav parép’ cikacOnoera. > > OA / / > ¢ / adn’ o8dé Odousds eoTw adrnyl. od pdav; ~ > ERA] "4 / > 7d 5 odxt Ovounds €or; KépKov ovK EXEL. 785 véa ydp eotw: adAda deAdaxovpeva efei preydAav Te Kal maxelav KhpvOpav.

« “ The next twenty-six lines are largely occupied with a play on the double meaning of xotpos, (1) a pig, and (2) 7d j Yuyauketow aldotov, doubtless portrayed on the

odKkos ”’

> ie. flavoured with thyme.

76

MEG.

DI. MEG.

DI. MEG.

DI. MEG. GIRLS, MEG. a MEG.

DI. MEG.

DI. MEG.

THE ACHARNIANS, 768-787

A Megara piggie. What ! no a piggie that ? ¢ It doesn’t seem so. "Tis awfu’! Och the disbelievin’ carle ! Uphaudin’ she’s na piggie! Will ye wad, My cantie frien’, a pinch o’ thymy ® saut She’s no a piggie in the Hellanian use ¢ ? A human being’s— Weel, by Diocles, She’s mine; wha’s piggie did ye think she was ? Mon? wad ye hear them skirlin’ ? By the Powers, I would indeed. Now piggies, skirl awa’. Ye winna? winna skirl, ye graceless hizzies ? By Hairmes then I’se tak’ ye hame again. Wee! wee! wee! This no a piggie ? Faith, it seems so now, But ‘twont remain so for five years I’m think- ing. Trowth, tak’ my word for’t, she’ll be like her mither. But she’s no good for offerings. What for no ? What for nae guid for. offerins ? She’s no tail.¢ Aweel, the puir wee thing, she’s owre young et. But ahah she’s auld, she’ll have a gaweie tail.

® 7.¢. in the Hellenic tongue. # Therefore not ‘‘ without blemish’? and so unfit for sacrifice,

17

ARISTOPHANES

dX’ at Tpdpev Ajjs, ade Tou Xotpos KaAd. Al. ws Svyyev7)s 6 Ktobos avrijs Oarépa. ME. Opoparpia yap ort KHK TWUTO Tarpos. 790 ai 8° av mayvv0A Kavaxvovav0A rprxi, KdAMoTos €arat xotpos *“Adpodita Ovew. > > 2% A > / bs Al. GAN’ odxt yoipos Tappoditn Overar. > aA > , / , ME. ov yotpos "Adpodita; pdva ya Saymovwr. ~ a nw ‘ Kal ylyverat ya Tavde Tay Yolpwv TO KPHS 795 aovoTov av Tov ddeAdv dytreTrappevor. ~ : Al. 70n 8° avev tis pnTtpos éobiovey dv; ME. val tov Ilore.dd, Kav avev ya T@ tarpes. at. ti 8 éofiew ppadiora;

ME. Tav? & Ka dwda@s. avros 8° épwrn.

Al. xotpe yxoipe. KO. A. Kot, Kol. 800 Al. Tpwyows dv é€pePivOous;

: : sh oh oh ’ KO. A. Kol, Kol, Kol. al, ti dai; DiBdAews ioyddas; KO. A. Kol, KOl.

/ ‘ 4, A »”

Al. Ti dal ov; Tpwyols av; KO. B. Kol, KOl, KOl.

¢e 9¢\ \ A > / / Al. Ws o€0 mpos Tas taxddas KeKpayare.

éveyKatw tis evdo0ev Tdv ioyddwyv

a / > / ,

Tots youpioiowow. dpa tpwkovrat; BaPat,

a € , > » t .¢ ’

olov pobidlovo’, @ moAvtipn® ‘HpddAets.

mwodaTa Ta xoupt’; ws Tpayacata paiverat. ME. GA\’ ovTt mdoas KaTéTpayov Tas icxddas,

ey yap adr@v tdvde piay avetAduav. 810

@ Phibalis was a low-lying district of Megara bordering on Attica. » Tpayacaia with a play on rpayeiv, to eat; Tragassae was

78

THE ACHARNIANS, 788-810

But wad ye rear them, here’s a bonnie piggie !

DI. Why she’s the staring image of the other.

mec. ‘They’re o’ ane father an’ ane mither, baith. But bide a wee, an’ when she’s fat an’ curlie She'll be an offerin’ gran’ for Aphrodite.

DI. A pig’s no sacrifice for Aphrodite.

mEG. What, no for Her! Mon, for hirsel’ the lane. Why there’s nae flesh sae tastie as the flesh O’ thae sma piggies, roastit on a spit.

DI. But can they feed without their mother yet ?

mec. Poteidan, yes! withouten father too.

DI. What will they eat most freely ?

MEG. Aught ye gie them. But spier yoursel’.

DI. Hey, piggy, piggy !

FIRST GIRL. ee!

DI. Do you like pease, you piggy ?

FIRST GIRL. Wee, wee, wee!

DI. What, and Phibalean @ figs as well ?

FIRST GIRL. Wee, wee!

pI. What, and you other piggy ?

SECOND GIRL. Wee, wee, wee!

DI. Eh, but ye’re squealing bravely for the figs. Bring out some figs here, one of you within, For these small piggies. Will they eat them ? Yah ! Worshipful Heracles ! how they are gobbling now. Whence come the pigs? They seem to me Aetallian.? mec. Na, na; they haena eaten a’ thae figs. See here ; here’s ane I pickit up mysel’.

a small town near Troy, ‘“‘ Eat-all-ians’ in the translation is intended to recall Aetolians”’: R. 79

Al.

ME.

Al. ME,

ARISTOPHANES

\ \ > > , \ 7 vn tov Av’ aoreiw ye te Booxnuare* maou mpiwual cou Ta xoupidia; Aé€ye. TO [Lev ATEpov TOUTWY, BKOpddwY TpoTTAAAiSoS, > onl ~ TO 8° atepov, ai Affs, xoiviKos pdvas dAdv. > “a Qvicopat cou mepiev’ avrod. ~ /, Tatra dy. 815 “Eppa *urrodate, trav yuvaika trav enor > ~ ovTw p. amodéc0a Tay 7° euavTd parépa.

SYKOPANTHS. WvOpwre, modamo0s;

ME. =r.

ME. =f.

ME. AI.

=Y.

Al.

ME.

Al.

ME.

Al.

ME.

80

/ , xotporw@Aas Meyapixds. Ta xolpidua Tolwuv éyw hava radi ToA€uia Kal oé. ~ > > a3 7 / Toor éxelv’, tke maAWw 820 a > \ nn ~ ca wv Olevrrep apxya THv KaKdv apiv edu. / a > > la \ /, KAdwy Meyapiets. otk adjoeis Tov odKov; Atkavd7roAe AuxatdrroA, davralopar. brood; tis 6 daivwyo eoriv; “Ayopavdpor, \ / > 4, > 9 , Tovs ovkoddvras ot Bupa’ e&cipere; 825 \ \ / wv / Tin palav paivers avev OpvaddXidos; od yap pav® Tovs modepious; KAdwv ye ov, > 5 eke / / / ei p71) ‘Tépwoe ovKopavTyocis Tpexwv. olov 70 Kakov ev Tats "A@dvais tobr’ er. Oapper, Meyapix’: add’ ais Ta youpidu’ amédov 830 Tyuns, AaBe TavTi Ta GKdpoda Kal Tods dAas, a > Kal xatpe moAd’. GAN’ duly od émtixdpiov. : > ToAuTpaypocvvn vuv és Kedhadjnv tpémour epol. > / a a” n~ \ ® xowpidia, wephobe kavev TO marpos . / 24? it \ Ado ” / 8100 835 matew ep ari trav padday, ai Kd tig bide.

DI.

MEG.

DI.

MEG.

THE ACHARNIANS, 811-835

Upon my word, they are jolly little beasts. What shall I give you for the pair ? let’s hear. Gie me for ane a tie 0’ garlic, will ye, An’ for the tither half a peck o’ saut. I'll buy them : stay you here awhile.

Aye, aye. Traffickin’ Hairmes, wad that I could swap Baith wife an’ mither on sic terms as thae.

INFORMER. Man! who are you ?

MEG,

INF.

MEG.

INF.

MEG.

DI.

INF. DI.

MEG.

DI.

MEG.

DI.

MEG.

Ane Megara piggie-seller. Then I’lldenounce your goods and you yourself As enemies ! Hech, here it comes again, The vera primal source of a’ our wae. You'll Megarize to your cost. Let go the sack. Dicaeopolis! Dicaeopolis! Here’s a chiel Denouncin’ me. (Re-entering) Where is he? Market-clerks, Why don’t you keep these sycophants away ? What ! show him up without a lantern-wick ? ¢ Not show our enemies up ? You had better not. Get out, and do your showing other-where. The pest thae birkies are in Athans toun ! Well never mind, Megarian, take the things, Garlic and salt, for which you sold the pigs. Fare well ! That’s na our way in Megara toun.® Then on my head the officious wish return ! O piggies, try withouten father now To eat wi’ saut yere bannock, an’ ye git ane.

* There is a play on the double meaning of gaivw, (1) si give light,” (2) ‘“* lay an information.” i.€. we always “ fare ill.”

VOL. I G 8]

ARISTOPHANES

2 e173, Se, ° ” , xO. eviaovel y’ dvOpwros. otk iKovoas of mpo- Baiver ‘ a a , / TO T7payua Tod BovAevparos; KapmwoeTaL A e*25 5 ae arp ev Tayopa Kabyjpevos: Kav eiain tis Krnotas, an / + > ) avKoddvtTns aAdos, oi- 840 palov Kabledeirat: 080’ dddos avOpadmwv tropwradv oe mnuavel Te’ > 00d’ eLoudpferat I pémis rv edputpwrriav aot, 08d” dori? KNewvtpw* xAaivav 8° éxwv havi dieu 845 > 4 ey / Kod Evytvxyav o° ‘YaépBodos duk@v avarAjoer: a , ov’ evruxwv ev Tayopa mpdcetat cor Badilev x a > / \ lol / Kparivos dTOKEKOpHEVOS MOLXOY [LG paxalpa., 6 mepundvnpos *Apréuwr, 6 Taxvs dyay THY povoLKhy, dlwv Kaxov TOV pacxyaAav matpos Tpayacatov: > < odd adl&is ad ce oxwyerar Ilatowv 6 Tap.ToVvnpos, ~ ” 4 Avoiotparés 7’ ev rayopa, XoAapyéewyv ovedos, 855

® xaramvyév : Schol. » See Index.

* Not the great Cr., but some young dandy, whose hair was “trimmed adulterer-wise ’’ with a razor (ug wu. as opposed to “ double-bladed scissors); see R. But L. & S. (s.v. woexéds) explain xelpeoOar potxor p. wu. as a punishment for adultery.

@ Artemon was an engineer employed by Pericles in sieges. Being lame, he had to be carried to.the works in a litter, and so was nicknamed 6 rrepiddpyros, which mepuréynpos recalls, But the phrase Ilepupéspyros "Apréuwy was also a proverbial saying derived fromanearlier Artemon, satirized by Anacreon

82

ue ACHARNIANS, 836-855 —

At A happy lot the man has got:

his scheme devised with wondrous art Proceeds and prospers as you see ; and now he'll sit in his private Mart The fruit of his bold design to reap. And O if a Ctesias come this way, Or other informers vex us, they Will soon for their trespass weep.

No sneak shall grieve you buying first the fish you wanted to possess, No Prepis ¢ on your dainty robes wipe off his utter loathsomeness. You'll no Cleonymus jostle there ; But all unsoiled through the Mart you'll go, And no Hyperbolus ® work you woe With writs enough and to spare.

Never within these bounds shall walk the little fop we all despise, The young Cratinus ¢ neatly shorn with single razor wanton-wise, That Artemon-engineer of ill,4 Whose father sprang from an old he-goat,¢ And father and son, as ye all may note, Are rank with its fragrance still.

No Pauson,f scurvy knave, shall here insult you in the market-place, No vile Lysistratus, to all Cholargian folk a dire disgrace, as a rascal (réynpos) who, having become wealthy, was noted for his luxury and never moved except on a litter; see Plut. Pericles, ch. 27. For'Tpayacalov see 808; here the name is only introduced to suggest rpd-yos ‘‘ a he-goat.”’ 4 A starveling painter and caricaturist.

83

ARISTOPHANES

6 tTepiadoupyos Tots Kakots, piyOv te Kal mewdv del aActv 7) TpidKovl” Auépas Tod pnvos éExdoTov.

BoINTOS. ittw ‘HpakdAfjs, €xapov yarav TUAav KaK@s. 860

Al.

BOI.

Al.

BOI,

Al.

/ \ \ / Pw / > / KatdQov Tv tav yAdxav’ arpeuas, “loprveye: dues 8’, door OciBaley addrAynrat wdpa,

Tots doTivois duaeire TOV TPWKTOV KUVOS. mad és Kdpakas. ot odfKkes ovK amd TaV bupav ; / , > ¢ 7” > 7, : m700ev mpocertavl’ of KaK@s amroAovpevor 865 > \ \ 7 aA , emt THY Ovpay por Xaipideis BopPavAror; vel tov *loAaov, émuyapittws y’, @ Eves OciBabe yap dvodvres eEdmiob€é pov TavOera Tas yAdywvos anéxi€ay yapat. GAN’ «i te BovAc, mpiaco, THv eyw dépw, 870 T&v optarixwy, 7) Tv TeTpamTepvaAdiowy. > a / , ® xaipe, KoAdAukoddye Bow ridiov. Ti héepeis; 7: > > A > \ a c ~ 60° éortlv ayaba Bow rots adds, dplyavov, yAaxw, yudbws, Opvaddidas, vdcoas, KoAows, arrayads, dadapidas, 875 TpoxiAws, KoAvuBws. WoTrepel xeyua@y apa > / > \ 3 \ > / opvilias eis THY ayopav éAndvoas.

4 garlvos, sc. addois, the pipes being made of bone. Many suppose rdv 7. xvvés to describe the tune they are to strike up, but R. thinks that they play a sort of bagpipes |

made of dog-skin, so that 7. xuvés may be taken literally. » See Index, s.v. Chaeris. * épradixwv = ddexrpvévwv in the Boeotian dialect : Schol.

84

’

mt ae

a

THE ACHARNIANS, 856-877

That deep-dyed sinner, that low buffoon, Who always shivers and hungers sore - Full thirty days, or it may be more,

In every course of the moon. Oy,

poroTiAN. Hech sirs, my shouther’s sair, wat Heracles!

DI.

BOE.

DI.

BOE.

DI.

Ismeny lad, pit doon thae pennyroyal Wi’ tentie care. Pipers wha cam’ frae Thaibes Blaw oop the auld tyke’s hurdies wi’ the banes.@ Hang you! shut up! Off from my doors, you wasps ! Whence flew these curst Chaeridian ° bumble- drones Here, to my door? Get to the ravens! Hence ! An’ recht ye are, by Iolaus, stranger. They’ve blawn behint me a’ the wa’ frae Thaibes, An’ danged the blossom aff my pennyroyal. But buy, an’t please you, onie thing I’ve got, Some o’ thae cleckin’® or thae four-winged gear.@ O welcome, dear Boeotian muffin-eater, What have you there? A’ that Boeoty gies us. Mats, dittany, pennyroyal, lantern-wicks, An’ dooks, an’ kaes, an’ francolins, an’ coots, Plivers an’ divers. Eh? Why then, methinks, You've brought fowl weather to my market- place.

4 rerpamrepvNldwy is a surprise for rerparddwv.

85

ARISTOPHANES

BOI. Kat pav dépw xavas, Aayws, adAdmexas, oxddotras, éxivws, aicAovpws, mucridas, ixridas, evdpias, éyyéAers Kwaraidas. 880

Al. @ Tepmvdrarov od Té“axos avOpurrois hépwv, dds pow mpooermetv, ei hépeis, Tas eyxéAets.

BOI. mpéoPeipa mevTjKovta Kwrddwv Kopav, exBabi TOSe, KAMYApiTTAL TO fev.

Ss / A A 4 f- Al. @ diArdrn od Kal mddav moboupevy, 885 HAVes mobew?) pev Tpvywducois yxopois, / A / ~ > , ‘ pian dé Mopiyw. dudes, eLeveyKare Tiv ecxdpayv jor debpo Kal TH puTida. / a A > / ” oxebacbe, maides, Thy apiorny éyyedvr,

nKovoav ExT@ ports eTEr ToOoUperyy- 890 .

/ > > 7 yp / > * a \ mpoceimar advtiv, @ Téxv’> avOpaxas 8° eyd dpiv mapéEw Thode ths Eevns yapw. 2\)\> » > 55h \ \ , . GAN’ exdep’ adrnv: pndé yap Oaviv more aod xwpis «inv evrerevtAavwperns. > \ \ \ ~ ~ / BOI. eot dé Tiyud Taode m& yevnoerar; 895 Al. ayopas téAos tavrnv yé mov dace emot:

GAN’ ei te mwreis THVdE TOV dAdwv, Héye. BOL. iwya Tabra mavra.

/ / /

Al. pépe, moaov Aédyeis;

bal 9 OU > > ~ > a_> +

H popti’ erep’ evred0ev exeio’ a&eus; BOI. id

oTuy €or ev Abdvas, ev Bow totow Sé a7}. 900

* A parody of Aesch. Fr. 174 déorowa revrjxovra Nypydwv Kopov.

> “ He is thinking of the érwixca, the triumphal banquet to which the Chorus would presently be invited by the Choregus ”’: R.

86

BOE.

DI.

BOE.

DI.

BOE,

DI.

BOE.

DI.

BOE,

THE ACHARNIANS, 878-900

Aye, an’ I’m bringin’ maukins, geese, an’ tods. Easels an’ weasels, urchins, moles, an’ cats, An’ otters too, an’ eels frae Loch Copais. O man, to men their daintiest morsel bringing, Let me salute the eels, if eels you bring. Primest 0’ Loch Copais’ fifty dochters 4 Come oot o’ that; an’ mak’ the stranger welcome. O loved, and lost, and longed for, thou art come, A presence grateful to the Comic choirs,® And dear to Morychus.¢ Bring me out at once, O kitchen-knaves, the brasier and the fan. Behold, my lads, this best of all the eels, Six years a truant,? scarce returning now. O children, welcome her ; to you I'll give A charcoal fire for this sweet stranger’s sake. Out with her! Never may I lose again, Not even in death, my darling dressed in— - beet.¢ Whaur sall I get the siller for the feesh ? This you shall give me as a market-toll. But tell me, are these other things for sale ? Aye are they, a’ thae goods. And at what price ? Or would you swap for something else ? . I’se swap For gear we haena, but ye Attics hae.

¢ A famous epicure ; ef. W. 506, P. 1008.

# i.e. since the beginning of the war.

¢ A parody of the conclusion of Admetus’s address to his wife who is giving her life for his, Eur. Ale. 367 unde yup Savew wore | cod xwpls elnv, Tis udvns mors euol.

87

Al.

BOI.

Al.

BOI.

Al.

BOI. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

‘

adidas ap a&eus mpidevos Dadnpucas Képajov.

> , * /, > > 0 > 3 -

advas 7) Képapov; aAN’ evr’ éxet- > > @ > ¢ a 43> lad > s 4 GAN 6 rue map” apiv pH ott, TEd€ BS ad Todd.

” ey@oa Toivuv: ovKodavTnv e€aye, Gomep Képapov evdnodpevos. vel TH Lid, 905 / / ”“ / > A \ 4 AdBouw péevrav Képdos ayaywv Kat Todd, Gmep miaxov aAutpias moAdas tAdwy. . \ \ cgi / ” lot Kat pay dot Nixapxos epxerar pavdv. ~ e puukkds ya paKos odros. > > aAN’ dmav KaKov.

‘ / \ Fe / NIKAPXOS. Tavtl tivos Ta dhopti’ €or;

BOI.

NI.

BOI.

NI. BOI. NI.

Al. NI. Al. NI.

TOS Eua 910 ,

@ciBabev, irrw Acds.

>? A / £g\

€y@ Tolvuv 6dt daivw modk€uia Tatra.

, ‘ A \

ti dai Kakov table OpvatreTiovot mOAELov pw Kal payav; Kat oé ye dav® mpos Totade.

Ti dduKeynevos ;

éya) dpdow oo. THY mepiecoTwTwY xdpw. 915 > ~ , > > / , €x TOV ToAepiwv y’ eiadyets Opvaddidas. éreita daivers Sita dia OpvadrrX{dos ; avTn yap eumpyoeiev av TO vewpuov. vewptov OpvadXis; oto, Tie TpdTH; > . n“ > / AS be. / evOeis av és tipny avnp Bovatios 920 dias av eloméeuperev és TO vewptov

@ Lit. “anchovies”; the Phaleric ones were noted, ef.

B. 76.

88

THE ACHARNIANS, 901-921

DI. Well then, what say you to Phaleric sprats,* Or earthenware ?

BOE. Sprats ! ware! we’ve thae at hame. Gie us some gear we lack, an’ ye’ve arowtho’.

DI. I'll tell you what ; pack an INFoRMER up, Like ware for exportation.

BOE. Mon! that’s guid.

By the Twa Gudes,? an’ unco gain I’se mak’. Takin’ a monkey fu’ o’ plaguy tricks.

DI. And here’s Nicarchus * coming to denounce ou !

Bor. He’s sma’ in bouk.

DI. But every inch is bad.

nicarcuus. Whose is this merchandise ?

BOE. *Tis a’ mine here. Frae Thaibes, wat Zeus, I bure it.

NIC. Then I here Denounce it all as enemies !

BOE. Hout awa!

Do ye mak’ war an’ enmity wi’ the burdies ? nic. Them and you too. BOE. What hae I dune ye wrang ? nic. That will I say for the bystanders’ sake.4

A lantern-wick you are bringing from the foe.

pi. Show him up, would you, for a lantern-wick ? nic. Aye, for that lantern-wick will fire the docks. DI. A lantern-wick the docks! O dear, and how?

nic. If a Boeotian stuck it in a beetle, And sent it, lighted, down a watercourse ¢

>» The two gods (rw 0e#) of a Boeotian are Zethus and Amphion. ¢ Some unknown sycophant.

4 trav Trep. xdpw: apparently a favourite phrase with the orators.

¢ * A water-channel by which the superfluous water was carried down from the city into the sea at the Peiraeus ”: R.

89

Al.

NI.

Al.

XO.

Al.

XO. Al.

xo.

ARISTOPHANES

v’ ddpoppdas, Bopéay emiTnpyoas peeéyav. oe AdBouro Tav vedv TO Top ama€, ceAayoivr’ av aidyys.

a 4, Ces / ® Kakior’ aroAovpeve,

serayoivr’ av bo tidns Te Kal OpvaddAidos ; 925 peapTupopar.

EvAAdu Pav’ abrob To oréma’

dds pou hoputov, iv’ adrov evdjnoas pépa, Womep Képapov, wa pq) KaTayhH popovpevos.

evdnoov, @ BeArvore, TO lorp. fev Kahds ri eumodny 930 obrws omws

dv pn dépwv Katdén.

€mwot peAnoer Tabr’, érret

tow Kal ode? AdAov Te Kab

Tupopparyes

KdAAws Oeotow €xOpov.

Ti _xpyoerat ToT’ are ; 935 mayxXpnoTov ayyos €oTaL,

KpaTnp Kak@v, tpimTip Sucady, daivew vmrev0dvous Avxyvod- xos, Kal KvAE

Ta TpaypaT eyKuKaoba.

mas 8 av memoWoin tis ay- _ [avr. 940 yelw TovovTw Xpw@jLevos

@ Dic. lays hands on Nicarchus who calls the world to witness the assault.

> dxGv, unexpectedly for é\aév. tpurrip is the vat into which the oil pressed from olives ran: the Informer squeezes ** oil ” from lawsuits.

90

DI.

NIC, DI.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR,

DI.

CHOR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 922-941

Straight to the docks, watching when Boreas blew His stiffest breeze, then if the ships caught fire, They’d blaze up in an instant. Blaze, you rascal ! What, with a beetle and a lantern-wick ? Bear witness ! @ Stop his mouth, and bring me litter. I'll pack him up, like earthenware, for carriage, So they mayn’t crack him on their journey home.

Tie up, O best of men, with care The honest stranger’s piece of ware, For fear they break it, As homeward on their backs they take it.

To that, be sure, I’ll have regard ; Indeed it creaks as though ’twere charred, By cracks molested,

And altogether God-detested. - How shall he deal with it ?

For every use ’tis fit,

A cup of ills, a lawsuit ° can, For audits an informing pan,° A poisoned chalice Full filled with every kind of malice

But who can safely use, I pray, A thing like this from day to day

¢ Lit. “‘a lampstand to show up (ef. 826 n.) those who had to give in their accounts,”

91

ARISTOPHANES

> KaT oiKktay

/ > > \ lot Toaove act popobvtt;

> / > Ss 7)? ” > Al. ioxupov eoTw, @ydl’, wor ovK dv KaTayeln ToT, €l- mTep eK TOO@Y 945

/ KaTWKGPA KpeMaiTo.

xo. non KaA@s Exet oot. BOI. pedArw yé rot Oepiddew. XO. aA’, & E€vwv BéAtioTE, ovv- Ogpile, Kal mpdoBadd’ dmov BovAc dépwv 950

mpos TavTa ovKopavTny.

/ DD oF \ ~ > 4, Al. pods y’ evednoa Tov Kak&s amoAovpevor. aipov AaB tov Képapov, ® Bovddtte. BOI. UmeKuTTe Tav TUAaY ivy, *lopHvexe. Al. xW7ws Katoices adtov evAaBovpevos. 955 / \ ” 29\ e /, > 7 7 TavTWS MEV Olaets OvdEV Bytes, GAA” Suws* Kav TodTO Kepddvns adywv To dopriov, evdayovijcets auKopavTav yy’ ovveKa.

eepamON. AvxatdroAc.

Al. tis €oTt; ti we Bworpeis;

@EP. 6 Tt; exéAeve Adpaxyds oe Tavrns Tis Spayyns 960 els Tovs Xdas adT@ peradobvar TAv KiyA@v,

~ ~ e / AaQ> Tpidv Spaxyav 8° exéAeve KwrGd’ Eyxedvv.

@ He had been warned off the markets, 722. » The second day of the Anthesteria, which R. would

92

THE ACHARNIANS, 942-962

In household matters, A thing that always creaks and clatters ?

DI. He’s strong, my worthy friend, and tough : He will not break for usage rough, Not though you shove him Head foremost down, his heels above him.

CHOR. (To Boeotian) You’ve got a lovely pack. Bor. A bonnie hairst I’se mak’.

cHor. Aye, best of friends, your harvest make, And whereso’er it please you take This artful, knowing And best equipped informer going.

DI. "Twas a tough business, but I’ve packed the scamp. Lift up and take your piece of ware, Boeotian. BOE. Gae, pit your shouther underneath, Ismeny. DI. And pray be careful as you take him home. You've got a rotten bale of goods, but still ! And if you make a harvest out of him, You'll be in luck’s way, as regards informers.

SERVANT. Dicaeopolis !

DI. Well? why are you shouting ? SERV. Why? Lamachus ® bids you, towards the Pitcher- feast,?

Give him some thrushes for this drachma here, And for three drachmas one Copaie eel. identify with the Lenaea, at which this play was presented.

Those who attended the feast seem to have brought their own provisions. 93

ARISTOPHANES

¢ a $. N A / ‘ 4 Xr . Al. 6 motos otros Adpaxos tiv eyyeAvr; / @EP. 6 Sewds, 6 Tadavpwos, ds tiv Topydva a / / mdaAXeL, Kpadaivwr Tpeis KaTacKlous Addous. 965 > , AI. ovK av pa Av’, ef doin yé ror TH aomida: / GAN’ emi tapixer tods Addous Kpadawerw* qv & amoduyalvy, Tovs ayopavopovs KAAD. ~ / eya 8° euavt@ rode AaBdw 7d dopriov a / etoey.,” bral mreptywv KiyAGv Kal Korbiywv. 970 xo. eldes @, eldes, @ . [orp. “a / Taca 76AL, Tov dpovy.ov avdpa, Tov brépaodov, 4 of” €xer orewodevos europea yphyara Su- euTroAav, x \ A > yee av Ta wev ev oikia xXpjowa, TA 8 ad mpemer 975 xAvapa Kateobiew. > / / te \ ~ , , avrouata mavr’ ayala tHdé ye mopilerar.

> / obdémor eyd IdAeuov otkad’ broddEopat, > A ¢ / »” ovd€ map” euol more Tov ‘Apuddiov doerau / Ld / 9.910 ” Evyxarakhweis, d7t mapoivios avip edu, 980 > / GoTis emt mavr aydal” éxovras émuwpdoas, 4 ; > elpydoaro mavra Kaka Kavérpeme Kakéxer, \ / KapdxeTo, Kal mpocére TOAAG TpoKaAovpevov,

2 A soldier’s fare, cf. 1101.

> i.e. the thongs described 724.

° “ Between the marketing scenes and the banquetin scenes A. interposes an idyllic description of War an Peace”: R.

4 For this drinking-song ¢f. 1093 n.

94

DI. SERV.

DI.

CHOR.°

THE ACHARNIANS, 963-983

Who is this Lamachus that wants the eel?

The dread, the tough, the terrible, who wields

The Gorgon targe, and shakes three shadowy plumes.

An eel for umm? Not though his targe he gave me !

Let him go shake his plumes at his salt fish.¢

If he demur, I'll call the Market clerks.®

Now for myself I'll carry all these things

Indoors, to the tune o’ merles an’ mavises wings.

Have ye seen him, all ye people, seen the man of matchless art, Seen him, by his private treaty, traftie gain from every mart, Goods from every neighbour ; Some required for household uses ; some ‘twere pleasant warm to eat ; All the wealth of all the cities lavished here before his feet, Free from toil and labour.

War I'll never welcome in to share my hospitality, | Never shall the fellow sing Harmodius 4 in my company, Always in his cups he acts so rudely and offensively. Tipsily he burst upon our happy quiet family, Breaking this, upsetting that, and brawling most pugnaciously. Yea when we entreated him with hospitable courtesy,

95

ARISTOPHANES

mive, KaTaKeroo, AaBe THvde didoTynaiay,

A / A lon ” n / Tas xdpakas Hare 7oAd waAAov Ett TH Tvpt, Ly td - Mee ~ / \ S > ~ > f. e€éxer 0 Hydv Bia rov otvov ex TOv aumreAwy.

> ¢ > / > eldes ws éemTépw- [avr. , 9 -oe.% \ a Ld \ / \ cal ral 7° emt ro Setnvov aya Kat peydAa 81) Ppovet rob Biov 8 e&éBare Setypa tad TA TTEpa TPO TOV bupdv.

® Kuapids rH Kadj

Kat Xdpiot tats pidais

Evvtpope Avaddayy},

e A ” A / vy > 3 /, ws KaAdov €xovca TO mpdcw7ov ap’ eAdvOaves.

la nv > A \ /, ” / 7 mas av ewe Kat o€ tis "Epws Evvayadyou AaPwv, ov 4 / womrep 6 yeypappevos, exwv orépavov avOeuwv; ) mdvu yepovriov iows vevouiKds me ov;

GAdd ce XaBav rpia SoKd y’ dy ert mpooBadretv: ~ A nn” > / »” > / / mpOta bev av auredidos Opxov eAdoat maKpov,

clra mapa Tovde vea pooxidia ovKidwr, eed , ¢ ’ x wep gv Kal TO Tpitov Hepidos dpxov, 6 yépwv 681,

\ \ A / La wal Ad > 4

Kal mept TO xwplov eAgGdas amav ev KvKAw,

@ The kimk gidrornata (cf. L. 203) was exactly our “ loying- cup.”

® 7.e, vine-props.

¢ Though he is old he thinks that, if she marries him, he can “ still throw into the bargain three things ” which he then describes.

4 ‘uepts seems to have been grown on lofty trellis-work, and originally on the walls of the dwelling-house ; see R.

96

THE ACHARNIANS, 985-998

Sit you down, and drink a cup, ) a Cup ee Love and Harmony ,* All the more he burnt the poles ° we wanted for our husbandry, Aye and spilt perforce the liquor treasured up within our vines.

Proudly he prepares to banquet. Did ye mark him, all elate, As a sample of his living cast these plumes before his gate ? Grand his ostentation ! _ Oof Cypris foster-sister, and of every heavenly Grace, Never knew I till this moment all the glory of thy face, REcONCILIATION !

O that Love would you and me unite in endless harmony, Love as he is pictured with the wreath of roses ‘smilingly. Maybe you regard me as a fragment: of antiquity : Ah, but if I. get you, dear, I'll show my triple husbandry.° First a row of vinelets will I plant prolonged and orderly, Next the little fig-tree shoots beside them, growing lustily, Thirdly the domestic vine ; 4 ‘although I am so elderly. Round them all shall olives grow, to form a pleasant boundary.

VOL. I H 97

ARISTOPHANES

v ve / / 9 227 > ~ > A “ wor’ drcipecbai o° an’ adt@v Kaye tals vou- pnvias. |

nivew B10 THs adAmuyyos: os 8 av exmin TpuTLoTOos, GoKov Kryoupavros Anperan.

al. @ maides, @ yuvaires, ovK jKovoare ; ti Spare; Tod KypuKos ovK ducovere ; avapparrer , e€ontare, tpémet’, aheAkete 1 Ta A\ay@a taxéws, Tovs aTepdvovs avelpeTe. dépe Todvs oPeAickous, Ww’ avameipw tas Ki-

xAas.

> / / ‘ X / ‘ / KHP. akovete Acw* KaTa TA TAaTpLA Tovs Yoas 1000 . :

xo. lnrAB ce tis ebBovdrias, padrrov Sé THs, edwyias, avOpwre, Tis mapovons. 101 Al. as oir’, emevBav Tas xixhas OTTULEVAS LONTE ; xO. ofwai oe Kat robr’ €d Aéyew. Al. TO 7p drrooKkdAeve. xo. HKOVoUS WS payelp_Kas 101 Kopibas Te Kal SeumvynTiuKa@s avT® Siakovetrat; rEQPrOS. oto TdAas.

€ Al. ® ‘Hpdxres, tis odroat; TE. avijp Kakodaimwr. Al. KaTd O€AUTOY VU TpeTOV.

@ Enter Crier, while the eccyclema exposes to view the interior of D.’s house.

> i.e. not an ordinary doxds olvov, but a huge one made out of the skin of Ctesiphon who was raxds kai mpoydotwp +: Schol.

e¢ “The unwonted savour of the roasting and stewing meat has quite subdued the hearts of the old Acharnians ” : h.

98

THE ACHARNIANS, 999-1019

Thence will you and I anoint us, darling, when the New Moon shines.

cr1eER.4 O yes! O yes! Come, drain your pitchers to the trumpet’s sound, In our old fashion. Whoso drains his first, Shall have, for prize, a skin of —Ctesiphon.?

DI. Lads! Lassies! heard ye not the words he

said ?

What are ye at? Do ye not hear the Crier?

Quick ! stew and roast, and turn the roasting flesh,

Unspit the haremeat, weave the coronals,

Bring the spits here, and I'll impale the thrushes.

CHOR. I envy much your happy plan,°

I envy more, you lucky man,

The joys you’re now possessing. DI. What, when around the spits you see the thrushes roasting gloriously ? cHor. And that’s a saying I admire. DI. Boy, poke me up the charcoal fire. CHOR. O listen with what cookly art And gracious care, so trim and smart,

His own repast he’s dressing.

FARMER.? Alas! Alas !

DI. O Heracles, who’s there ? rar. An ill-starred man. DI. Then keep it to yourself.

4 Enter Dercetes an Athenian farmer. His farm was at Phyle just on the Attic side of a pass between Boeotia and Attica,

99

rE.

Al. TE. Al. TE. Al. rE.

Al.

rE.

Al. rE. Al. rE.

Al. TE,

XO.

Al.

XO. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

® pidrare, omovdat yap elou ool joven, 1020 péTpycov eipyvns TL Lol, Kav mevT ern. Ti & émalles; | erreTpipnv amoAgoas Ta Boe. m00ev; . amo DvAjs éAaBov ot Bovesrvoe. { @ TpraKaKxddaypoy, cira Acvicov dpmexer; Kal rabra pevrot vy) AU aep pw erpedernv 1025 ev maou BoAirots. eira tuvt Tod dée; | amoAwAa trHdlaAua Saxptwv ta Bde. | GAN? et Te KDE Aepxérov DvAaciov, : dadheupov elpiyy pe Topbadpa TAXU. aA’, @ mov i ov Snpocvedeny TvyXdve. 1030 iO” dyriBodd a, Hv TwWs Kopiowpar Tw Boe. ovK €oTW, dd white mpos Tod IlirrdAov. 1 ov 8° dAAd por oradaypov eipyyns eva els Tov KaAapioKov evordhagov TOUTOVL. ; 088° av orpipiAckiyE: add’ amidv olwwlé mov. 1035 olor KaKodaiuwy Toiv yewpyotv Bo.diow. ‘

avnp evedpnKev Te Tals omovoatow dv, KovK €oL- Kev ovdEevl LeTadWoew. KaTaxer od THS xopdfs TO peAL* Tas onmias oTdbeve* 1041 HKovoas OpOiacparwr ; ontare TayxéA€va.

4 éy maou Borlros (lit. in the midst of every kind of cow dung) i is substituted for the expected év racw ayalots. > For dyuocceve thus used cf. Plato, Gorg. 514 v. ¢ Probably one of the state doctors.

100

FAR,

DI. FAR. DI. FAR. DI.

FAR.

DI. FAR.

DI. FAR.. DI. FAR. DI.

FAR.

CHOR.

DI.

CHOR.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1020-1043

O—for you only hold the truces, dear— Measure me out though but five years of Peace. What ails you ? Ruined! Lost my oxen twain. Where from ? From Phyle. The Boeotians stole them. And yet you are clad in white, you ill-starred loon ! They twain maintained me in the very lap Of affluent muckery.* Well, what want you now ? Lost my two eyes, weeping my oxen twain. Come, if you care for Dercetes of Phyle,

Rub some Peace-ointment, do, on my two

eyes. Why, bless the fool, I’m not a public surgeon.?

Do now; I'll maybe find my oxen twain.

No, go and weep at Pittalus’s ¢ door.

Do, just one single drop. Just drop me here

Into this quill one little drop of Peace.

No, not one twitterlet ; take your tears else- where.

Alas! Alas! my darling yoke of oxen.

He loves the Treaty’s pleasant taste ; He will not be, methinks, in haste To let another share it. Pour on the tripe the honey, you ! And you, the cuttle richly stew ! How trumpet-like his orders sound. Be sure the bits of eel are browned.

10]

ARISTOPHANES

xo. amoKreveis Aud pe Kal Tovs yeiTovas Kvion TE Kal 1 dwvy Tovatra Adokwy.

Al. omTdre Tavti Kal KadAds Eavbilere.

MIAPANYM#0%. ArKatdozroAt.

Al. Tis OUTOGL; Tis OUTOAL;

TIA. ezrepipe tis cor vupdios TavTl Kpéa ex TOV yop.

Al. Kadds ye mov, doris qv. 1

TIA. éxéheve 5° eyXEau ge, TOV Kpedv xapw, iva pq) oTparevoir, adAa Bwoin pevwr, és tov aAdBaorov Kvabov eipyivns eva.

Al. dmopep’ anddepe TO. Kpéa Kal py pou didov, Ws ovK dy eyxeayue pupiwy dSpaxypav. 1 GAN’ adrni tis eoriv;

TIA. v7) vuppedr pra detrat Tapa. Tijs vouens a oo. AcEau pov.

Al. pépe 67, TL ov A€yeus; @s yéAowov, @ Geol, TO dénua Tijs vduns, 0 6 deirai wou odddpa, omws av olxouph] TO méos Tod vupplov. 1 Pepe Sedpo | TAS omoveds, i iy’ avr 5@ povyn. Oru) yern "oT TOO moA€uov 7” ove agia. Urex Wde Sebpo rodvfdrermTpov, @ ybvar. olol’ ws moveire TobTO; TH viudn dpdaov, OTav oTpaTwwTas KaTadéywor, TovTwl 1 vikTwp adeérw TO méos Tob vuudiou. anodhepe Tas oTrovdds. hépe THY oivypvaw, wv’ olvov éyyéw AaBwv és rods xoas.

2 rapdvuudos Or mdpoxos.

102

THE ACHARNIANS, 1044-1068

cuor. The words you speak, your savoury rites, Keep sharpening so our appetites That we can hardly bear it.

pt. . Now roast these other things and brown them nicely. GroomsMaN.* O Dicaeopolis ! DI. Who’s there ? who’s there ? er. A bridegroom sends you from his wedding- banquet These bits of meat. pI. Well done, whoe’er he is. _@r. And in return he bids you pour him out,

To keep him safely with his bride at home, Into this ointment-pot one dram of Peace.

DI. Take, take your meat away ; I can’t abide it. Not for ten thousand drachmas would I give him One drop of Peace. Hey, who comes here ? GR. The bridesmaid

Bringing a private message from the bride.

DI. Well, what have you to say? What wants the bride ?

Affects to listen.

O heaven, the laughable request she makes

To keep her bridegroom safely by her side.

I'll do it ; bring the truces ; she’s a woman, .

Unfit to bear the burdens of the war.

Now, hold the myrrh-box underneath, my girl.

Know you the way to use it? Tell the bride,

When they’re enrolling soldiers for the war,

To rub the bridegroom every night with this.

Now take the truces back, and bring the ladle.

I'll fill the winecups for the Pitcher-feast.

103

ARISTOPHANES

Mo Nee OE “Poet fy Preehe) 4 XO. Kal py Odi Tis TAs Odpds aveoTaKds womep Tt Sewov ayyeA@v emetyerar.

KHP. lw mdvoe Te Kal pdxar Kat Adpayor. AA. Tis aud xaAKodddapa Sparta KruTeEt;

KHP. lévat o° exéAevov of oTpaTyyol THLEpov raxéws AaBdvra Tods Adxous Kat Tods Addous* Kareita THpelv vipdprevov Tas elaPodAds. tao tos Xdas yap Kat Xvrpous avrotoi tis Tyyewre Anoras euBarety Bouwrious.

AA. ta oTparnyot mA«ioves 7) BeArioves. od dSewa py “Ecivai pe pnd” éoprdcar; Al. id otpdrevpa TroAcuoAapayaiKov. AA. olwou Kakodaipwy, KaTayeAds Hdn ov pov; Al. BovAe payeobar I'npudvn tetpamrirAw; AA. aiat, olay 6 ehpué ayyeAiav Ty verre [Lol. Al. alat, tiva 8° ab pou mpootpexer Tis ayyeA@v;

ATTEAOS. AcxavdzoAc. Al. Tl €oTW; AIT. emt Seimvov Taxd / \ / \ \ \ , Bddile, rHv Kiornv AaBaw Kai Tov xoa. 6 rod Avovdcov ydp o° tepeds eraméumerat. > > > / a 7 / aA éyKover* Seurvetvy Katakwdvers mada. \

Ta 5 dAXda mdvr’ é€oTly mapeckevacpeva,

® The meaning is: “‘ Do you wish ‘to fight with such a Geryon as I am, one who would encounter Hercules?” retparTikw is substituted for the expected rpicedddy, and Dic. must have tricked himself with four plumes to outdo- the “ three crests ’’ (1109) of Lamachus.

» The vessel in which he carried his provisions ; ¢f. Hom. Od. vi. 76. ‘Those who invited to a feast, " says the

104

CHOR.

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1069-1089

But here runs one with eyebrows puckered up. Methinks he comes a messenger of woe.

. O toils, and fights, and fighting Lamachuses !

Who clangs around my _bronze-accoutred halls ?

. The generals bid you take your crests and

cohorts, And hurry off this instant ; to keep watch Amongst the mountain passes in the snow. For news has come that at this Pitcher-feast Boeotian bandits mean to raid our lands. O generals, great in numbers, small in worth ! Shame that I may not even enjoy the feast. O expedition batile-Lamachaean ! O dear, what you! Do you insult me too ? What would you fight with Geryon, the four- winged ? 4 O woe! O what a message has this Crier brought me! Oho! what message will this runner bring me ?

MESSENGER. Dicaeopolis !

DI. MESS.

Well? : Come at once to supper, ree bring your pitcher, and your supper- chest.? The priest of Bacchus sends to fetch you thither. And do be quick: you kee the supper waiting.

For all things else are ready and prepared,

Scholiast, ‘* furnished garlands, perfumes, sweetmeats, etc., and the guests brought provisions (éyjuara).”

105

AA.

AA.

Al.

AA.

AA.

ARISTOPHANES

KAivat, Tpdmelar, mpooxepdraua, oTpupara, 1090 orédavor, wdpov, tpaynual’, at Topva Tapa, apvrAot, mAaKobvres, onoapoodvres, iTpwa, >

opxnoTpides, 7a didAtal’ ‘Appodiov, Kadai. aA ws TaxvoTa omedde.

Karcodatpraav eye. Kal yap ov peydAny ereypadou tiv Lopyova. 1095 ovyxheve, Kat Setmvev tis evoxevalerw. mat mat, dep e&w Seipo tov ytAvov epoi. mat mat, pep’ cEw Sebpo tiv Kiorny epol. ddas Oupiras olce, mat, Kal Kpoppua. ewol dé Teun” Kpopvois yap axPopar. 1100 Opiov Tapixous oice debpo, mat, campod. Kajol od Snuod Opiov: dmrjow 8 éxe?. eveyKe Sepo TW TTEPa® TH °K TOO Kpdvous. > \ \ \ / / \ \ / ewot d€ tas darras ye dépe Kal Tas KixAas. KaAddv ye Kal AevKdv TO THs oTpovlob mTEpoV. 1105 Kaddv ye Kal Eavbov ro ris ddtryns Kpéas. dvOpwre, tadoa KatayeAadv pov Tav O7rAwy. x 4 \ / > \ / dv0pwre, BovAer ry BAe eis Tas KixAas; To Aodetiov eEéveyke THV Tpi@v Addwv.

> A / ~ / \ ~ Kajol Aekdviov Tav Aaydwv Sos Kpe@v. 1110 add’ 4 tpixdBpwres tovs Addovs pov KaT- épayov ;

GAN’ 4 mpd Seimvov TH piwapKuv Karédopat; dvOpwre, BotAet [47) mpocayopevew ewe ;

ovK, aad’ éya yw tats épilowev mada.

BovAer wepiddo0a, Kamitpefar Aapaxyew, 1115

@ The Scolium began i\7a6" ‘ Apydsdr’, of ri rw réOvnKas, but

A.,

“reading @iAraé’ as the neuter plural and combining

“Apudde ob into ‘Apuodlov contrives to hint at the irregularities of this popular favourite’: KR.

106

EE ——

THE ACHARNIANS, 1090-1115

The couches, tables, sofa-cushions, rugs, Wreaths, sweetmeats, myrrh, the harlotry are there, Whole-meal cakes, cheese-cakes, sesame-, honey-cakes, And dancing-girls, Harmodius’ dearest ones.* So pray make haste. O wretched, wretched me ! Aye the great Gorgon ‘twas you chose for patron. Now close the house, and pack the supper up. Boy, bring me out my soldier’s knapsack here. Boy, bring me out my supper-basket here. Boy, bring me onions, with some thymy salt. For me, fish-fillets : onions I detest. Boy, bring me here a leaf of rotten fish. A tit-bit leaf for me; I’ll toast it there. Now bring me here my helmet’s double plume. And bring me here my thrushes and ring- doves. How nice and white this ostrich-plume to view. How nice and brown this pigeon’s flesh to eat. Man, don’t keep jeering at my armour so. Man, don’t keep peering at my thrushes so.

. Bring me the casket with the three crests in it.

Bring me the basket with the hare’s flesh in it. Surely the moths my crest have eaten up. Sure this hare-soup I'll eat before I sup. Fellow, I’ll thank you not to talk to me.

Nay, but the boy and I, we can’t agree. Come will you ® bet, and Lamachus decide,

> He addresses the “‘ boy.”

107

AA.

ARISTOPHANES

mOrEpov aKploes Ody eorw, KixAar; on ws bBpiles.

TAS dicpidas Kpivet mond. mat Tat, Kabehasv poor TO Sdpu Sep’ ew pepe. mat tat, ad 5° apeAdy Sebpo tiv xopdjnv pépe. pepe, Tob déparos adeAkvowpat TovAurpov. 11 ex’, avtéxou, mat.

Kal ov, Tat, TOOO’ avTéxov. Tovs KdriBavras olce, mat, THs aomidos. Kal THs euhs Tovs KpiBavitas exdepe. pepe Sedpo yopyovwxrov aomidos KUKAov. — I Kajol mAaxobyros TUpOvTOV dos KUKAov. Tadr’ od KatdyeAws é€orw avOpdrots mAaTUs ; tabdr’ od tAaKods Sir’ eotiv avOpwmos yAv-

KUs ;

/ 4, a A > n 4 KaTdyet ov, Tat, TovAaov. ev TO yaAKiw evop® yéepovra SetAias devEovpevov.

/ \ \ / > Qo 7 Karaxer ov TO péeAL. Kav0ad’ evdndos yeépwv 11 KAdew Kedcdwv Adpaxyov tov Topydoov. dépe Sedpo, mat, Odpaxa moepvornpiov. e€aipe, mal, Owpaxa Karol Tov Xda. . €v T@OE mpos Tovs moleptous OwpyEopar. ev Toe mpos Tovs oupmoras Owpnfopac. ll Ta oTpopar’ & mat, Sijoov € €K THs aomidos. TO deimvov, ® mat, Shaov ex THs KiaTidos. > \ | ae nm A / ” 4 ey 5° euavt® Tov ydduov oiow AaBodv. > \ A > 4, \ > ‘4 eye dé Ooipariov AaBav e&epyopar.

© > /Q? ” \ / > > a / THV aomid: aipov, Kai Badil’, & mat, AaBodv. 1h

vider. BaBaa&> yeywepia Ta mpdypara.

2 To which L. when at war will be reduced. ® rov Topydcov, “son of Gorgasus”’ is merely another reference to his Gorgon shield.

108

THE ACHARNIANS, 1116-1141

Locusts ¢ or thrushes, which the daintier are ? Insolent knave ! (To the boy) Locusts, he says, by far. Boy, boy, take down the spear, and bring it here. Boy, take the sweetbread off and bring it here. Hold firmly to the spear whilst I pull off The case. And you, hold firmly to the spit. Boy, bring the framework to support my shield. Boy, bring the bakemeats to support my frame. Bring here the grim-backed circle of the shield. And here the cheese-backed circle of the cake. Is not this—mockery, plain for men to see ? Is not this—cheese-cake, sweet for men to eat? Pour on the oil, boy. Gazing on my shield, I see an old man tried for cowardliness. Pour on the honey. Gazing on my cake, I see an old man mocking Lamachus.? Bring me a casque, to arm the outer man. Bring me a cask to warm the inner man. With this I'll arm myself against the foe. With this I’ll warm myself against the feast.? Boy, lash the blankets up against the shield. Boy, lash the supper up against the chest. Myself will bear my knapsack for myself. Myself will wear my wraps, and haste away. Take up the shield, my boy, and bring it on. Snowing ! good lack, a wintry prospect mine.

° @wpiocecba: means either (1) “ put on a breast-plate,” or (2) ** get drunk.”

109

ARISTOPHANES

” A a Al. alpov 70 Setmvov: oupmoriKd Ta mpdypara.

XO. ire 51) yalpovres emt orpatidy. Ws dvopotay épxecbov oddv- T@ prev mivew oTehaywoapevy, col d€ pry@v Kal mpodvdAdrrew, T@ Sé Kabevdew peTa TraLdioKns WparoTaryns, dvatpiBopevw Te TO deiva.

*Avriwayov tov Vaxddos, Evyypadéa, Tay preAdwy mounrhy, OTp. e \ ¢ na / lan > /, ec / Ws bev GTAD Adyw kax@s eEorécerev 6 Levs. ds y’ ewe Tov TAjpova Anjvara yopny@v ar- éxrevoe Seitrvwv. “ vw > > / / ov ér éemidouue Tevbidos Sedpevov, 0 wrTnWEry , 4 / ie / /, ailovoa mdapados, émt tpaméeln Keyevn, oKéAAow: Kata péA- Aovros AaBety adrobd Kiwy dpmacaca pevyor.

@ Kxeunt Dic. and Lam., one to war the other to a banquet. They return 1189.

> In 1149 7d detva=7d aidotoyv: Schol.

¢ Otherwise unknown. He is called 6 Vaxddos “ because always spitting’: Schol. The “shutting out” of Aristo- phanes may have been when he produced the Aa:radeis two years before.

4 A well-known dainty. Here it is supposed to come in on its table (W. 1216, “‘ bring in the tables’) and to “ come ashore’ or “land ’’ just close to Antimachus. mdpados is explained by the Schol. either as ‘“‘ beside the salt” or “ by the sea-shore.” R. says it simply=“‘ marine,” and_ that “the cuttle gliding along on its table is likened to” the famous state trireme Paralus.

110

1160

DI.

CIIOR,.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1142-1161 Take up the chest ; a suppery prospect mine.

Off to your duties, my heroes bold.4

Different truly the paths ye tread ;

One to drink with wreaths on his head 3

One to watch, and shiver with cold,

Lonely, the while his antagonist passes

The sweetest of hours with the sweetest of lasses.®

Pray we that Zeus calmly reduce

to destruction emphatic and utter

That meanest of poets and meanest of men,

Antimachus,? offspring of Sputter ; The Choregus who sent me away without any supper at all At the feast of Lenaea ; I pray, two Woes that Choregus befall. May he hanker for a dish of the subtle cuttle-fish ¢ ; May he see the cuttle sailing through its brine and through its oil, On its little table lying, hot and hissing from the frying, Till it anchor close beside him, when alas! and woe betide him ! As he reaches forth his hand for the meal the Gods provide him, May a dog snatch and carry off the spoil, off the spoil, May a dog snatch and carry off the spoil. 111

ARISTOPHANES |

~ X 2A \ ¢ Tie TOUTO MEV AUTW KAKOV EV" Ka0 €TEPOV

> VUKTEPWoV YeVvoOLTO. [av7.

—

nmarav yap olkad’ é& immacias Padilwy, 1 eira Kardgeé Tis adbrod peOdwv tiv Kepadrpv ’Opéorns prawvopevos* 6 dé AiMov AaBetv / > / 4, Bovdopuevos, ev oxdtw AdBou a \ , > , , :

TH xXeipt wéAcDov apriws Keyeopevov* 1171

> / 2

emd€cvev 8° Eywv

\ la + > ¢ TOV pdppapov, Kame)” duap-

twv BddAo. Kparivoy.

BEP. @ Sud@es ot Kar’ oikdv é€ore Aapdyxov,

vdwp vdwp ev yuTpidiw Oepyaivere: 117 dldvia, KnpwThy TapacKevdlere, i s*' 9: ae , , \ \ ee Ep.’ oloumnpd, Aapmdd.ov epi TO opupov. ¢ \ / / ~ / avnp TéTpwrat xdpaki Sivarndav radpov, \ \ \ / > / Kal TO opupov madwoppov e€eKdKKisE, Kal Ths Kehadfs Katéaye mepl AiMov mecwy, \ , 3 Ly od 4 > “a > , cat Topydv’ e&jyeipev ex THs aomidos. / \ ‘ / 4 \ mridov 5€ TO péya KoptroAaKvOov meoov

2 A foot-pad ; cf. B. 712, 1491.

- > In 1172 udppuapos, ‘‘ a stone of bright spar,” is a Homeric word (i/. xii. 380; Od. ix. 499) purposely substituted for wéNEOos.

° See 849. @ Apparently the Gorgon on his shield is detachable.

112

THE ACHARNIANS, 1162-1182

Duty the first Woe is rehearsed ; attend whilst the other I’m telling. It is night, and our gentleman, after a ride, is returning on foot to his dwelling ; With ague he’s sorely bested, and he’s feeling uncommonly ill, When suddenly down on his head comes Orestes’s ¢ club with a will. "Tis Orestes, hero mad, tis the drunkard and the pad. Then stooping in the darkness let him grope about the place, If his hand can find a brickbat at Orestes to be flung ; But instead of any brickbat may he grasp a podge of dung, And rushing on with this,? Orestes may he miss, And hit young Cratinus ° in the face, in the face, And hit young Cratinus in the face.

ATTENDANT. Varlets who dwell in Lamachus’s halls, Heat water, knaves, heat water in a pot. Make ready lint, and salves, and greasy wool, And ankle-bandages. Your lord is hurt, Pierced by a stake whilst leaping o’er a trench. Then, twisting round, he wrenched his ankle out,

And, falling, cracked his skull upon a stone ;

And shocked the Hceping Gorgon from his shield.4

Then the Great Boastard’s plume being cast away

VOL. I I 113

AA.

Al.

AA. Al.

ARISTOPHANES

‘ a /, ‘ > uA mpos tais métpatot, Sewov eEnvda pédAos* “@® kAewov bppa, viv mavdorarov o° idav Ar , / > "A > 72 82 > ae 5 cimw dos Todpdviov: odKér’ ei’ eye. tooatra Ad~as eis bdpoppdav tecav aviorarai te Kal EvvavTgd Spameras, Anoras eAavvwv Kat KaTaoTépywv Sopi. eQ\ A > / > > »+ A 4 ddl d€ KavTds* GAN’ avouye THv Bdpav.

arTatat, arrarat. [orp. oTuyepa Ta5€ ye Kpvepa mdfea* TdAas eye. didAAvpat Sopos bo moAcuiov tumeis. exeivo 8 otv aiaxrov av yévouro, AtkadrroXis et p’ dou TeTpwpevor,

Kar éyxdvoe Tats euais TUxavow.

drrarat, drrarat. [avr. Tt&v titbiwv, w&s oKAnpa Kat Kvdcivia.

‘hidnoarov pe parOardas, ® xpvoiw,

TO TEpumEeTaoTOV kamyavdahwrdr,. TOV yap you mp@Tos exméTmwKa. ® ovppopa tdAawa tov euadv KaKk@ve id) iw tTpavydtwv éemwdvvwvr. in, in, xatpe Aapaximmor. OTUYEpOs eva). Real

poyepos eyes. Tl pe Od Kovels;

Ti pe od Saxves;

TdAdas ‘eye Tijs Eup Bohfjs Bapetas. Tots. Xovot yap tis EvpBodrds o° Emparrev; id ta Uavay ie Mardy. aA odyi tipepor Mave.

@ Re-enter L. wounded, supported by attendants, and Dic. jovial between two courtesans.

114

118%

ll

il

LAM.?

DI.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1183-1213

Prone on the rocks, a dolorous cry he raised, O glorious Eye, with this my last fond look

The heavenly light I leave ; my day is done.

He spake, and straightway falls into a ditch : Jumps up again : confronts the runaways, And prods the fleeing bandits with his spear, But here he enters. Open wide the door.

O lack-a-day! O lack-a-day ! I’m hacked, I’m killed, by hostile lances ! But worse than wound or lance ’twill grieve me If Dicaeopolis perceive me And mock, and mock at my mischances. O lucky day! O lucky day! What mortal ever can be richer, Than he who feels, my golden misses, Your softest, closest, loveliest kisses.® "Twas I, ’twas I, first drained the pitcher. O me, my woful dolorous lot ! O me, the gruesome wounds I’ve got ! My darling Lamachippus, is it not ? O doleful chance ! O cursed spite !

Why give me a kiss ?

) Why give me a bite? O me the*heavy, heavy charge ° they tried. Who makes a charge this happy Pitcher-tide ? O Paean, Healer ! heal me, Paean, pray. "Tis not the Healer’s festival to-day.

’ In 1199 their breasts are compared to ‘“ quires,” ura kvdona; and 1201 describes dvo0 eldn pirnudrwv épwrikdv:

Schol.

¢ Cf. 1000-2. In 1210 EvuBorx is “‘ a hostile encounter” ; in 1211 the “contribution ’’ made by a guest to a common entertainment.

115

ARISTOPHANES

AA. AdBeobd pov, AdBeobe Tob aKxéAovs: amai, mpooddBeot’, & pido. 12] > ~ , ‘ ~ / y f Al. uot dé ye of Tob méovs dupw péecov / > > / mpoordBeol’, & pira. AA. iAvyyid Kdpa A0w TrezAnypEvos, Kal oKoTOOWLa. Al. Kayw Kabevdew BovAojpar Kal otvopat 1 Kal oxoTopu.d. AA! Ovpalé p? eEevéyar’ és rob IlirrdAov Tauviauor xXepoiv. Al. Ws Tovs Kpitds pe hepere* 0d *oTw 6 Baowredvs ; > , , ‘ > / amddo0Teé pol TOV acKOV. 1 AA. Adyyn Tis eprréemnye jou du doréwy odupra. Al. OpGte Tovtovi Kevov. THvEAAa Kadrivixos. xo. THvedAa. dfr’, elmep Kadeis y’, ® mpéopv, Kaddivixos. -Al. Kal mpos y’ akparov éyxéas » és dpuvotw e&éAarba. XO. THVEAAd vuv, @ yevvdda’ / ‘ 4 > / xaper AaBwy Tov acKov. 1 J / ” > Al, emeo0é vuy ddovres @ Tivedra kahiivucos.. xo. GAN’ eouecba on xdpw THVvEAXNa KadAtvuxov ¢- « dovres Gé Kal TOV aoKov.

4 4,e. of the Pitcher-feast who are to award him the doxds olvov as the best drinker. But A. is also appealing to

116

CHOR.

THE ACHARNIANS, 1214-1234

O lift me gently round the hips, My comrades true ! O kiss me warmly on the lips, My darlings, do! My brain is dizzy with the blow Of hostile stone. Mine’s dizzy too: to bed I'll go, And not alone. O take me in your healing hands, and bring To Pittalus this battered frame of mine. O take me to the judges. Where’s the King That rules the feast ? hand me my skin of wine. A lance has struck me through the bone So piteously ! so piteously ! (He is helped off the stage.) I’ve drained the pitcher all alone ; Sing ho! Sing ho! for Victory.?

. Sing ho! Sing ho! for Victory then,

If so you bid, if so you bid. I filled it with neat wine, my men,

And quaffed it at a gulp, I did. Sing ho! brave heart, the wineskin take, And onward go, and onward go.

And ye must follow in my wake, And sing for Victory ho! sing ho! O yes, we'll follow for your sake Your wineskin and yourself, I trow. Sing ho! for Victory won, sing ho!

the wévre xpiral of the theatrical contest to give the prize to him. Bacvreds is the d4pxwv 8. who presided at the Lenaea.

> rhvedta x.: the opening of a Song of Victory by Archilochus ; cf. B. 1764.

117

INTRODUCTION

Tuts play was exhibited at the Lenaean festival, in February 424 B.c., and obtained the prize, Cratinus being second with the Satyrs, and Aristomenes third with the Woodcarriers.

It was an attack on Cleon, then at the height of his power; for a few months before he had by a lucky and extraordinary chain of events gained an unequalled pre-eminence.

Cleon, a leather-seller, son of Cleaenetus, was a most persuasive orator, full of resource, but corrupt and rapacious beyond others; he amassed a huge fortune in his political life. His ignoble character is clear from the speech which Thucydides puts in his mouth, advocating the massacre of the people of Mitylene (iii. 36, iv. 21). He had long been a bitter assailant of Pericles ; and when Pericles died, Cleon took his place as popular leader. But his success was due to the affair of Pylus.

Demosthenes, the Athenian general, had seized and fortified Pylus, a hill on the west of the Pelo- ponnese, overlooking an important harbour which lay between the mainland and the island of Sphacteria. He intended to settle here the Messenian exiles who had settled at Naupactus, for this nation was the inveterate foe of Sparta. There his party was 120

THE KNIGHTS

attacked by the Spartans, who disembarked a large force upon the island opposite. The Athenian fleet came to the rescue, and blockaded this force in Sphacteria. The danger of their troops led the Spartans to sue for peace, which might then have been had upon honourable terms.

But Cleon, who was no statesman, demanded such terms as were really out of the Spartans’ power to grant; and when they did not reject even those, but proposed a conference, he procured that they should be rebuffed with contumely. He expected that the troops in Sphacteria would now surrender ;

~ but time went on, winter approached, and yet they

held out. Suddenly an accidental fire cleared the island of its wood, and Demosthenes seeing his opportunity, prepared to attack.

At Athens, disquieting rumours were rife; and Cleon accused the generals of cowardice ; whereupon cries arose, asking why he did not go himself; and Nicias, who was present, offered to resign his post as Strategus in favour of Cleon. Thus driven into a corner, Cleon declared he would finish the business in twenty days; and taking a few hundred men with him, set sail for Sphacteria. When he arrived, hé left Demosthenes to do all the work, to carry out, in fact, the scheme which he had already in hand ; and when the general and his troops had won a complete victory, he returned with them and the prisoners to Athens, having himself done nothing whatever except to return within twenty days. This was in 425 B.c., and the Knights was exhibited at the Lenaea of the following year.

The “ Knights” who compose the Chorus stand for the 1000 young men who constituted the

121

ARISTOPHANES

Athenian cavalry and, being drawn from the wealthier and more educated classes, are the natural enemies of demagogues. Demus is a respectable old householder who represents the sovereign people of Athens.

122

ae we ‘

TOY APAMATO® ILPOLOIIA — TIAPAATON | NIKIAZ olkérau AHMOZOENHZ)

- AAAANTOIQAHS XOPOE IIIEQN

123

: a ts te

IIWEIS

AHMOS@ENHS. “larratraiaé TOV KaK@yv, iatratai.

a / A 4 \ kak@s IladAayova tov vewvntov KaKov ? a a > / ¢ / abrato. BovAats amoXécevav ot Oeot. e€ o8 yap clonppnaey eis THY otKiar, mAnyas del mpooTpiBeras Tots oiKéTais.

NIKIAS. KaKtota 5790’ obrds ye mpOros ILadAayovev

AH.

NI.

AH.

AH.

AH.

NI. AH.

avrats duaBoAais. @ Kakddatpov, mHs exes; KakOs Kabdrep ov. A SF , > oe dedpd vuv mpdcedAs’, va / / 2\.7 / EvvavAlav KAavowpev OvAdprrov vopmov. kal NI. pod po, po pd, pd pd, wd pO, pd pd, po po. / / > > >? ~ a Ti kwupoped? dAAws; od éexpiv Cyreiv Twa owrnpiav v@v, GAAa pn KAdew ETL; tis obv yevour’ dv; Aé€ye av. od pev odv pot Adye, Wa p17) paxwpas.

@ In the foreground is a loose arrangement of stones, which

will,

later on, be taken to-represent the Pnyx. Behind are three

houses ; the central one, with a harvest-wreath over the door, is the abode of Demus ; whilst the others serve for Paphlagon, who is Cleon, and the Sausage-seller. Out of the house of Demus run two slaves, howling ; their masks represent the two famous Athenian generals, Nicias and Demosthenes.

124

10

q

THE KNIGHTS

pemostuenes.t 0! O! This Paphlagon,® with all

NICIAS.

DE.

NIC.

DE,

BOTH.

DE.

NIC, DE.

his wiles, This newly-purchased pest, I wish the Gods Would “ utterly abolish and destroy ”’! For since he entered, by ill-luck, our house, He’s always getting all the household flogged. I wish they would, this chief¢ of Paphlagons, Him and his lies ! Ha! how feel you, poor fellow ? Bad, like yourself. Then come, and let us wail A stave of old Olympus,? both together. (Sobbing) Mumu! Mumu! Mumu! Mumu! Mumu ! Pah! What’s the good of whimpering? Better far To dry our tears, and seek some way of safety. Which way? You, tell me. Rather, tell me you, Or else we'll fight.

» Tlagdaywy, a servile name describing the slave’s country ; but also =‘‘a blusterer,” from ragdd{w, cf. 919.

¢ mp@ros: ‘*first,”’ i.e. “worst.” diaBodr7 and diaSdddw are used regularly of C.’s “slanderous accusations”; ef. Thue. ii. 27. 4.

# A famous legendary flute-player ; here, however, spoken of as a poet.

125

ARISTOPHANES

NI. pa tov ’AmddAAw *yw pev ov* > > > A ~ > \ A / GAN cimé Oappdv, ira Kaye ool dpdcw. AH. 7@s dv ov pou AeEcras ape yp Acyew; > > ) ” A A ~ “A s Ni. GAA’ ovk Eve or TO OpeTTe. THs av obv TOTE etrroup’ av avro d7jra KopupevpuTucds 5 AH. pap pot ye, pa) pot, 7) SiacKkavductons a etpe Tw dardKwov amo Tob Seomdrov. NI. Adye 57) “‘pdAwpev’”’ Evvexes Wd EvddAaBodv. AH. Kal 61) Aéyw: pdodwper.

NI. efomobe vov ce LANE. \ avto”’ dali rob “ wodwpev.” AH. atbTo. NI. mavu Kadds.

womep depopevos vov dir pépa. mp@rov A€ye

To ‘‘ wodwpev,” etra 8 “adro,”’ Kareraywv

TUKVOV. AH. poAwpev adTo poAwpev adrowoAdmev. NI. "V5 ody 700; AH. v7) Ai, aay | ye mepl T® Séppare déd0Ka TovTovi Tov oiwvdv. NI. Tt dat;

AH. Oru) TO déppia. Sepopevenv dmépxeTat. > NI. Kpdrvora Toivuy TOV TrapovTw eorl vov, Oedv idvre mpoomecety TOU mpos Bpéras. AH. rotov Bpereréras'; éredv tyet yap Deovs; NI. €ywye.

1 Most mss. Bpéras: VM {perréras: Schol. Bperérras: ' Rogers Bpereréras, suggested also by Neil.

* From Eur. Hipp. 345, where Phaedra urges the nurse to put in words what she shrank from saying herself. ® An allusion to E.’s mother selling potherbs; ef. A. 478.

126

15

20

25

EEE

THE KNIGHTS, 14-33

NIC. By Apollo, no not I. You say it first, and then I'll say it after.

DE. Othat thou said’st the thing that I would say.*

nic. I’ve not the pluck. I wish I could suggest Some plan in smart Euripidean style.

DE. Don’tdoit! Don’t! Pray don’t be-chervil ?

me But find some caper-cutting trick¢® from master.

nic. Will you say sert, like that, speaking it crisply ?

DE. Of course I'll say it, sert.

NIC. Now, after sert Say de.

DE. De.

NIC. Yes, that’s very nicely said. Now, first say sert, and then say de, beginning Slowly at first, but quickening as you go.

DE. Aye ; seri-de, sert-de, sert, de-sert.

NIC. There 'tis ! Do you not like it ?

DE. Like it, yes ; but—

NIC. What ?

DE. ‘There’s an uncanny sound about desert.

nic. Uncanny? How?

DE. They flog deserters so.

nic. O then ’twere better that we both should go, And fall before the statues of the Gods.

DE. Stat-at-ues%isit? What, do you really think That there are Gods ?

NIC. I know it.

* dwéxwos: “a form of vulgar dance,” Schol. The

word also suggests ‘‘ moving off.”

4 The pious Nicias had in two tragic lines (¢f. Aesch. P.V. 224; S.a.T. 92, 93) suggested a resort to prayer, but his teeth chattered as he pronounced fpéras, and D. mocks him.

127

ARISTOPHANES

AH. Tow Xpwpevos TeKNpLw;

NI. ory Oeotow éxOpds ely. Ovi elkOTws ;

AH. €0 mpooPiBalers pe. GAN érépa trot oxemTéov. 35 BodAev TO mpayyo. Tots Oearaiow dpdow;

NI. od xeipov: Ev 5° avrods TapaurnodieBa., émtdnAov mpi Tots Tpoowrovow movelv, nv Tots emeot xalpwor Kal Tois mpdypact. |

AH. A€youn’ av 7189- v@v ydp €ore Seomorns 40, dypoucos dpyiv, kvapnoTpwé, dxpdxoros, Ajjos ILu«virns, dvaKxoAov YEpOvTLoV, mdKwpov. obtTos TH mpoTépa vovynvia emplato dodAov, Bupoodedmy, IladAaydva, TmavoupyOTarov Kal SiaBordirardy TWA. obros Katayvovs Tob y€povros Tovs Tpomovs, 6 Bupsoradhayav, dmoTecwv Tov SeamoTHV 7KaAd’, éOdmev’, exoAdKev’, eEnmara KookvAuatious akpo.ot, TovauTl A€éywv* ® Afjpe, Aotoat mp&rov exducdoas pilav, evlov, podnoov, evtpay’, exe TpusBorov. Bovder mapaba gou Soprrov ; clr’ avaprdaoas 6 Tt av TIS 7ypav oxevdon, TO Seomory . TlagAaycov KexdpioTas TodTo. Kal mpwnv y’

€uo0

palav pepaydtos ev IlvAwm Aakwvixny, TavoupyoTaTda Tws mepidpayav thapmacas abros mapeOnke THv tm’ euod pewaypyerny. nas 8 ameAatver, KovK eG TOV SeomTroTHV

2 bri el wh Foav Deol, odx dv Hunv Oeots éxOpds. Schol.

> Instead of his deme or place of residence, he is described as living in the-Pnyx where public assemblies were held.

¢ Beans were used for voting purposes.

4 Instead of ‘‘ with little coaxing speeches ” or the like.

128

NIC.

NIC,

THE KNIGHTS, 33-58

Know it! How? I’m such a wretched God-detested chap.” Well urged indeed ; but seek some other way.

Would you I told the story to the audience ?

Not a bad plan ; but let us ask them first

To show us plainly by their looks and cheer

If they take pleasure in our words and acts.

Tlltellthem now. We two have got a master,

Demus of Pnyx-borough,? such a sour old man,

Quick-tempered, country-minded, bean-con- suming,°

A trifle hard of hearing. Last new moon

He bought a slave, a tanner, Paphlagon,

The greatest rogue and liar in the world.

This tanning-Paphlagon, he soon finds out

Master’s weak points; and cringing down before him

Flatters, and fawns, and wheedles, and cajoles,

With little apish leather-snippings,? thus ;

O Demus,? try one case, get the three-obol,

Then take your bath, gorge, guzzle, eat your fill.

Would you I set your supper? ‘Then he'll seize

A dish some other servant has prepared,

And serve it up for master ; and quite lately

I'd baked / a rich Laconian cake at Pylus,

When in runs Paphlagon, and bags my cake,

And serves it up to Demus as his own.

But us he drives away, and none but he

® Here Demus deserts the Assembly for his other favourite haunt, the d:cacrjprov. There were 6000 dicasts and their fee was three obols a day (see W. Introd.). Here Demus is to get a full day’s pay for trying a single suit.

t pafar peuaxdros (from udcow, knead) is a play on wayyy Heuaxnuévov. Cleon is accused of filching from Demo- sthenes the victory which he had all but gained.

VOL. I K 129

ARISTOPHANES |

dAXrov Oepamevew, adda Bupaivny éxwv

devmvobvTos €aTws amocoPet Tods prTopas. 60

aoer dé xpnopovs: 6 dé yépav arBvdAda.

ra » ; eC oa /

6 8 adrov ws opd penaxkonKérTa,

TéeXVHVY TEeTOLNTAL. TOvs yap Evdov avTLKpUS

pevdh dSiaBadrer: Kdta paorryovpeba

¢ ae II A A de 62g + > ig

jets’ IlapAaywv dé mepiléwv tods oikéras

airtel, TapaTrer, SwpodoKel, A€ywv TAdE°

e-.- A \ 7 > 2. * ,

opare tov “YAav di ewe paotiyovpevov;

ef wy pm avaretoet’, amolaveiabe TiHpepov.

¢ a \ / > A / 7

nets de Sidopev> ei S€ pj, TaTovpevor

bm Tod yepovTos oKTamAdo.wa xéCopev.

vov obv avicavte dpovticowper, dyabé,

mrolay OO00v v@ TpeTT€ov Kal mpos Tiva.

, > > / \ ce / ” Yd , NI. KpatioT exeivyy THV “ wodwpev,” dyalé. AH. GAN’ ody oldv te Tov IladAayov’ oddev Aabetv:

> ~ A : ee | / > ” A A /

edopa yap adbros mavt’. exer yap TO oKéAos 7 A \ > / \ 7 7 > > ,

To pev ev IIlvAw, To 8” Erepov ev THKKANGIA.

toodvee 8° adtobd Biya dvaBeBnKoros

6 TpwKTos €oTw adtoxpyny,’ ev Xador,

Ta xeip’ ev Aitwdots, 6 5é vobds ev KAwmdav.

7, s an > a > A /

NI. Kpatiotov otv v@v amobaveiy, adAAa oKomeL, Omws av amobdvayev avdpuxwrara.

* For the vogue of oracles at this time ef, Thue. ii. 8. 2; ii. 28. 3.

> The Xdoves are selected because the name suggests xalve (ds eviptrpwxrov abroy duaBdd\d\ec: Schol.) just as AltwXors suggests alrety ** to beg.”

¢ Lit. ‘* Thief-deme

130

; there was an actual deme Kpwida,

DE,

THE KNIGHTS, 59-81

Must wait on master; there he stands through dinner

With leathern flap, and flicks’ away the speakers.

And he chants oracles,@ till the dazed old man

Goes Sibyl-mad; then, when he sees him mooning,

He plies his trade. He slanders those within

With downright lies ; so then we’re flogged, poor wretches,

And Paphlagon runs round, extorting, beg-

. ging,

Upsetting everyone ; and Mark, says he,

There's Hylas flogged ; that’s all my doing ; better

Make friends with me, or you'll be trounced to-day.

So then we bribe him off ; or if we don’t,

We're sure to catch it thrice as bad from master.

Now let’s excogitate at once, good fellow,

Which way to turn our footsteps, and to whom.

There’s nothing better than my sert, good fellow.

But nought we do is hid from Paphlagon.

His eyes are everywhere ; he straddles out,

One foot in Pylus, in the Assembly one.

So vast his stride, that at the self-same moment

His seat is in Chaonia,® and his hands

Are set on Begging, and his mind on Theft.¢

Well then, we had better die ; but just con- sider

How we can die the manliest sort of death.

131

ARISTOPHANES

~ aA ~ /, > “ > ,

AH. 7Q@s Ofta TAs yevour’ ay avdpiKwrara;

ni. BéAtiotov Hiv ala tavpevov mei.

6 MeptotokAéouvs yap Odvaros aipeTurepos. \ "> > > y » > lol /

aH. pa A’ aGAd dxparov otvov ayabod Saipovos. lows yap av xpyorov te BovAevoaipeba.

NI. 80U y’ akpatov. epi moTob yobv €oTi aot;

~ > “ v4 / / > mas 8 dv peOdwv xpnordov te BovAcdoair > / aviip 5 ; +

AH. dAnfes, odros; KpovvoxvTpoArpaxor «i. oivov od ToAuds eis émivovay Aowopetiv; olvov yap €Upois av TL TPAKTLKWTEPOV; Opds; oTav mivwow avOpwro, TOTE mAovrotet, Svampdrrovoet, vik@ow dixas,

> a > lon \ / evdoaovotow, whedrobor Todvs didous. > > 3¢ 7 / 7 w / aad’ e&éveyKée row TaXews olvov yxoa,

A ~ 7? ” \ / , Tov voov iv adpdw Kat A&dyw Tu SeEcov.

NI. olor, Ti 700” Huds epydce TH O@ OTD; > 4)? > > ” > > \ \ /

AH. aydO?+ Gd eveyn’: éyw S€ KarakdAwicopar. qv yap peOvo0G, mavra Tavtl KaTamaow BovAevpariwv Kal yrwpdiwv Kal voidiwv. ¢ > ~ Ld > > le ”

NI. Ws edtvyDs dtu odK eAjndOnv Eevdobev KAémtwv Tov olvov. —

/ ~

AH. etré por, LLadAayav ti dpa: > / / wre /

NI. émimaota AciEas Sypompal” 6 BdoKxavos péyKer peOdwv ev trator Bipoas vrrvos.

AH. (Ot vuv, dkpatrov éyKdvagdv jou todd omrovony.

A \ \ Cal > ~ / NI. AaBe 81) Kai ometcov ayalob Saipovos*

@ He is said to have so poisoned himself when unable to fulfil his promises to the Persian king; ef. Plut. Them. 31.

> Lit. “having licked up cakes made out of. confiscation sales, sprinkled with honey.” ¢ i.e. as a libation.

132

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

THE KNIGHTS, 82-106

The manliest sort of death? Let’s see; which is it ? Had we not better drink the blood of bulls ? *Twere fine to die Themistocles’s death.* Blood? no: pure wine, to the toast of Happy Fortune ! From that we'll maybe get some happy thought. Pure wine indeed! Is this a tippling matter ? How can one get, when drunk, a happy thought ? Aye,say you so, you water-fountain-twaddler? And dare you rail at wine’s inventiveness ? I tell you nothing has such go as wine. Why, look you now; ‘tis when men drink, they thrive, Grow wealthy, speed their business, win their suits, Make themselves happy, benefit their friends. Go, fetch me out a stoup of wine, and let me Moisten my wits, and utter something bright. O me, what good will all your tippling do ? Much ; bring it out ; I’ll lay me down awhile ; For when I’m drunk, I’ll everything bespatter With little scraps of schemes, and plots, and plans. I’ve got the wine ; nobody saw me take it. Wasn't that luck ? What’s Paphlagon about ? Drunk! Snoring on his back amidst his hides, The juggler ; gorged with confiscation pasties.? Come, tinkle out a bumper of pure wine, To pour.° Here, take ; and pour to Happy Fortune.

133

ARISTOPHANES

bd is \ lol / lon ,

Edy’ Ake THY TOD Saipovos Tob I papviov.

> a > / \ A 4, > > > / AH. @® Satyov ayalé, cov To BovAevp’, odK euov. NI. elm’, avTiBoAd, Ti €oTL;

AH. TOUS xpnopovds TAX KAébas eveyke Tod IladAaydvos evdobev, rat ews Kabevde.

NI. Tar. arap Tob daipovos

déd0ryx’ ws pr) TevVEowar KaKodaipovos. AH. dépe vuv eyw "wavT@ mpocaydyw Tov xoa, \ ~ 7 > ” \ / / Tov voby Ww’ apdw Kai A€yw Tu deEvov. . NI. ws peyar’ 6 IladAaywv mépderat Kal péyKerat, 11 LA i: > ‘ \ e A \ 4 wor €Aalov adrov Tov tepov xpnopov AaBwv, ovrrep pddvot éedvdarrev. AH. ® copwrare,

Pf 2% > / a” 3 > ~ \ > ” na dep adrov, Ww’ avayv@: od 8 eyxeov meiv > / 4/ > A. MP Oiawew > / avioas Tt. dép’ idw ti dp’ eveotw adroit. ® Oya. Sos pow Sos TO woTHpiov Taxv. 1

NI. id0v+ ti dno” 6 xpynopds; AH. étépav eyyxeov. > a / w «ce fF ” ” NI. €v Tots Aoyious eveoti “‘ érépay Eyxeov’’ ; AH. @® Bax. NI. Tl €0Tt; A \ / 4, AH. d0s TO moTHpLov TAaXv. al > ¢ / > Lond an / NI. TOAAD y’ 6 Baxis expijro TH mornpio. AH. ® puape IladAaywv, tar dp’ édvddrrov TaAaL, 1 TOV TEpl ceavTod ypyopov cppwdav. NI. TU); > ay? ” > \ ¢ > , AH. evrad&?’ eveotw adbros ws amdAdvutat.

* He bids drink to ‘‘ Good Luck ” in good liquor. The fame of ‘“‘ Pramnian wine” is Homeric (Jl. xi. 639; Od, iv. 235), but little else is known about it: see R. d

134

2 DE,

NIC,

DE.

NIC,

DE.

NIC,

DE.

NIC,

DE.

NIC,

DE,

THE KNIGHTS, 107-127

Quaff, quaff the loving-cup of Pramnian 4 Fortune. O Happy Fortune, thine’s the thought, not mine ! Pray you, what is it ? Steal from Paphlagon, While yet he sleeps, those oracles of his, And bring them out. I will ; and yet I’m fearful That I may meet with most uzhappy Fortune. Come now, I'll draw the pitcher to myself, Moisten my wits, and utter something bright. Paphlagon’s snoring so! He never saw me. I’ve got the sacred oracle which he keeps So snugly. O you clever fellow you, I'll read it ; hand it over ; you the while Fill me the cup. Let’s see: what have we here ? O! Prophecies! Give me the cup directly. Here! What do they say ? Fill me another cup. Fill me another? Is that really there ? O Bakis °! Well? Give me the cup directly. Bakis seems mighty partial to the cup. O villainous Paphlagon, this it was you feared, This oracle about yourself ! What is it ? Herein is written how himself shall perish.

» A Boeotian seer ; ¢f. 1003 and Index. 135

ARISTOPHANES

NI. Kal 7s; ov ec A ” 4 AH. omws; 6 xpnopos avrTiKpus A€yet Os pata pev orummevoTwmAns ylyverat, ds mp@tos e&er THs moAcws Ta TpPaypara. NI. els odroolt mwAns. Ti tobvTebOev; Aeéye. AH. peta TodTov adlis mpoBatomwAns, SevTEpos. ni. d0o TwWoE TAA. Kal Ti TOvde xpr Taleiv; AH. Kpateiv, Ews erepos avip BdeAvpwrepos adrtod yévowro: peta dé tabr’ amdAAvrat. > / \ 4 ce / envylyverar yap BupoomwAns 6 IladdAaydr, dpmat, kexpaxtyns, KuxAoBdpov dwviv exw. NI. Tov mpoBatoTwAny tv dp’ amoAécba xpewv to BupoommdAov; AH. , vy Av’. NI. oot deiAaos. / > an“ ” tA 4 a 4 md0ev obv av ett yévouro 7wHAns «ls povos ; AH. 7 éotlv els, brephud Téxvyv Exwr. NI. elm’, avTiBorAd, tis eoTw; AH. elTw; NI. vy Ala. AH. dAAavTomwAns €o8’ 6 Tobrov e&eAdv. > 4 s / ~ / NI. dAAavtomwAns; @® Ildcewdov tijs réxvys. dhépe 700 Tov avdpa Tobdrov e&eupjaoper; AH. Cnt@pmev adrov.

> > eo\ , NI. aAd’ 6dt mpocepxeTat womep Kata Oeiov eis ayopar. AH. @ pardpre

aAAavtom@Aa, Seipo Seip’, @ didrare,

* A demagogue ; called Eucrates by the Scholiast ; ¢f. 254. » Lysicles; married Aspasia after the death of Pericles ;

136

130

145

:

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC,

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC.

DE.

NIC,

DE.

THE KNIGHTS, 128-148

How shall he ? How? ‘The oracle says straight out, That first of all there comes an oakum-seller 4 Who first shall manage all the State’s affairs. One something-seller; well, what follows, ray? Next after him there comes a sheep-seller.? , Two something-sellers ; what’s this seller’s fortune ? He'll hold the reins, till some more villainous rogue Arise than he ; and thereupon he’ll perish. Then follows Paphlagon, our leather-seller, Thief, brawler, roaring as Cycloborus °¢ roars. The leather-seller, then, shall overthrow The sheep-seller ? He shall. O wretched me, Is there no other something-seller left ? There is yet one ; a wondrous trade he has. What, I beseech you ? Shall I tell you? eye: A sausage-seller ousts the leather-seller. A sausage-seller ! Goodness, what a trade ! Wherever shall we find one ? That’s the question. Why here comes one, ‘tis providential surely, Bound for the agora. Hi, come hither ! here ! You dearest man, you blessed sausage-seller !

fell in battle with the Carians 428 Be c. (Thue. iii. 19); men- tioned again 765. Cf. A. 381.

137 -

ARISTOPHANES

> 7 A lod é ‘ ~ / dvdBawe owtip TH moAc Kal vdv daveis. AAAANTOMOQAHS. Ti €oTt; Ti pe Kadeire; a? AH, dedp’ €AG’, va mvOy 150 Ws edtvy7s €f Kat peydAws eddatporveis. NI. Uc 5H, Kader adtob todrAcdv, Kai Tod Deob TOV xpnopov avadidagov adbtov ws exeu" > \ Pi APEN / A / eya & lav mpookéeyouoa tov IladAaydva. ” A \ / ~ A / , Au. aye 8) od Katdlov mpOta Ta oKe’n xapat 155 emeiTa THY yhv mpockvoov Kal Tovs Oeous. AA. toov* Ti €oTW;

> /, > ay / AH. @ pakdpe, @ mAovore, > a \ 29 7 ” 9 eee ' @ vov pev ovddeis, adprov 8° dréppeyas- | & tov *Abnvav taye tov eddapdvev. | / > Ss 4/f)> >) / A A / AA. Tl pp, Bydl’, od mAvvew eds Tas KotAdias —160 a \ > A > \ a { mwheiv Te TOs GAAGvTas, GAAA KaTayedGs; . AH. @ p@pe, moias KotAias; Sevpt BAere. . / lant ~ ~ ~ ; Tas oTiyas opas Tas Tavde TOV Aad@v; : c ~ AA. Opa.

7 ¢ / > \ > / ” AH. TovUTwy amdvrwy attos apyédas Eeoet, Kal Ths ayopads Kal Tov Apevwv Kal THs TUKVOS* 165 BovAjy marHoets Kal oTpaTnyovs KAaordoets, O7joets, duaages, ev Ipuravetw AauKdoets. AA. €yw; A / > ‘4 4, > ea AH. ov pévrou* Kovdemw ye wav?’ pas. aN’ emravd nO Kant TovAeov Todt Kal Katie TAS VIGOUS amdoas ev KUKAw. 170 AA. Kalopa. / / > / ‘ A © / AH. ti Sai; tTaumdpia Kal tas dAKddas ;

@ For dvdBawe, which summons the second actor on to the stage, see R. > Exit Nicias. ® Nakdoes is a surprise instead of Services, the right

138

THE KNIGHTS, 149-171

Arise,® a Saviour to the State and us.

SAUSAGE-SELLER. Eh! What are you shouting at ?

DE.

NIC.

DE.

§.S. DE.

S.S.

DE.

8.8.

DE.

8.8.

DE.

S8.S. DE.

Come here this instant, And hear your wonderful amazing luck. Make him put down his dresser ; tell him all The news about that oracle we've got. I'll keep an eye on Paphlagon the while.® Come, put you down those cookery imple- ments, Then make your reverence to the Gods and earth,— There ! what’s the row? O happy man, and rich, Nothing to-day, to-morrow everything ! O mighty ruler of Imperial Athens ! Good fellow, let me wash the guts, and sell My sausages. What need to flout me so? You fool! the guts indeed! Now look you here. You see those people on the tiers ? I do. You shall be over-lord of all those people, The Agora, and the Harbours, and the Pnyx. You'll trim the Generals, trample down the Council, Fetter, imprison, make the Hall your brothel.¢ What, I? Yes, you yourself! And that’s not all. For mount you up upon the dresser here And view the islands all around. I see. And all the marts and merchant-ships ?

to dine in the Prytaneum being a well-known reward of public service ; cf. 766.

139

AH.

AH.

140

ARISTOPHANES

eye. ~ - > / b) a mas obv od} peydAws eddaysovets ; ett viv tov of0aduov mapaBadrr’ eis Kapiav

‘ is \ > @ > / tov deEvv, Tov 8 Erepov eis Kapyndova.

> , > > , 4 eddaynovnow y’, «i duaotpadjnoopa. 175

»” > \ \ ~ ~ / /, ovK, GAAa dia ood Taira mdvTa Tépvarat. ylyver yap, ws 6 xpnomos odrooi Aéyeu, avip meéy.oTos.

elmé pou, Kal TAS eyo

> 4 Ba 2 3% / aAAavroTwHAns @v avip yevioowar; d<° abro yap tow Tobro Kal yiyver peyas, 180 | oT) Tovnpos Kak ayopas ef Kai Apacs. otk afiO “yd *wavTov loxvew péya.

” la > »” 7, @ ‘ > A + olor, TL ToT €o8’ StL cavTov ov djs akwov; Evvewdévar Ti prot SoKxeis cavT@ Kadov. 1 pav ex Kkaddv et xayabdv;

pa tovs Oeovs, 185 ef pq) °K Trovnpa@v y’. . > / a i @ pardpue ths TUxNS,

e 7 > \ > \ / daov mémovbas ayabov eis TA mpadypara. > > Ss 4? 394 \ o,f GAN’, wydb’, oddé povoikny eriorapat,

TAnv ypapparwv, KalTabra MevToLKaKd KaKOS. routi povov o° éBAaisev, Tt Kal KaKd KAK@S. 190 % Snpaywyia yap od mpos povorKod ér éeotiv avdpos ovd€ ypnotod Tovs Tpdmous, GAN’ eis aualh Kal Bdedupov. aAAd jun) Tapis

a / > > lal / c /

& ao didda0" év trois Aoyiovwew of Oeoi. at a > ¢ / m@s Shira dyno’ 6 xpnopos;

8.8. DE.

S.S.

DE.

DE.

8.S. DE.

8.s.

DE.

8.S.

DE.

‘THE KNIGHTS, 172-195

I see. And aren’t you then a lucky man ? And that’s not all. Just cast your eyes askew, The right to Caria, and the left to Carthage. A marvellous lucky man, to twist my neck @! Nay, but all these shall be your—perquisites.? You shall become, this oracle declares, A Man most mighty ! Humbug! How can I, A sausage-selling chap, become a Man ? ¢ Why, that’s the very thing will make you great, Your roguery, impudence, and agora-training. I am not worthy of great power, methinks. O me, not worthy ! what’s the matter now? You’ve got, I fear, some good upon your conscience. Spring you from gentlemen ? By the powers, not I. From downright blackguards. Lucky, lucky man, O what a start you’ve got for public life. But I know nothing, friend, beyond my letters, And even of them but little, and that badly. The mischief is that you know ANYTHING. To be a Demus-leader is not now For lettered men, nor yet for honest men, But for the base and ignorant. Don’t let slip The bright occasion which the Gods provide ou. Bape the oracle ?

® Or “ get a squint”; cf. B. 677.

> répvarac: Séov elmeiv duotxetrax. Schol. ‘‘ Are sold” instead of ‘‘ are administered through your agency.” © Cf. 1255.

141

ARISTOPHANES

AH. ed vy Tovs Deods Kal moutAws Tws Kal codds Hvuypevos. "AAW omdrav wdpin Bupoatieros ayxvAoxeiAns yappnAjo. Spdxovra KodAewov aiwaroTwrny, 61) tore LadAaydovewy ev amddAAvtat } oKopod-

/ aAun, KotAuoTw@Anow dé Oeds péeya Kdd0s omaler, ” ‘ ~ > ~ lod ov at Kev pt) TwAciv aAAGvTas paAAov EAwvTat. ~ > ‘ a< & a > 3 , > , / AA. 7s obv mpos ee TAOT’ eoTiv; avadidacKe jE. AH. Bupaaietos pev 6 IladAaywv eof obdroot. U > > la > Ul

AA. ti 8 ayxvdAoxeirns €oriv;

Kee 4 /

AH. avTo mov Aé€yet, ov > 7 al \ c / / ote ayKvAas Tais xepaiv apralwy déper. ¢ / \ ‘ z

AA. 6 dSpdkwy d€ mpos TI;

AH. TobTo TEepupaveorartor. € / / > A Ld > > a = 6 Spaxwy ydp €or. paxpov. 6 7 addas ab

poakpov* 0 aipatoramrns 08 6 7 GAAas x@ SpaKwv. Tov otv dSpdKkovTa dyot Tov Bupoalerov “sy la ” \ @ , On Ab non KpaTnoew, at Ke p71) OadpO7H Adyors. 4 A / > > / / > ¢

AA. Ta pev Ady. aikdArer per Oavudlw 8’ dws Tov Ojpov oids 7 emutpoTredew cis’ eyo.

AH. davAdtarov épyov: tab’ dep motets motet" Tdparte Kal xdpdev’ pod Ta mpdypara. dmavrTa, Kal Tov Sfov del mpoarro.od droyAuKaivwy pyyatiow payerpiKots. ta 8 dAda cou mpdceote SnpuaywyiKkd,

@ The oracles are written in the recognized oracular style. 142

195

200

210

215 {

DE,

THE KNIGHTS, 195-217

Full of promise good, Wrapped up in cunning enigmatic words.

Nay, BUT IF ONCE THE EaGLe,*

THE BLACK-TANNED MANDIBLE-CURVER,

SEIZE WITH HIS BEAK THE SERPENT,

THE DULLARD, THE DRINKER OF LIFE-BLOOD,

THEN SHALL THE SHARP SOUR BRINE ?

OF THE PAPHLAGON-TRIBE BE EXTINGUISHED,

THEN TO THE ENTRAIL-SELLERS

SHALL GOD GREAT GLORY AND HONOUR

RENDER, UNLESS THEY ELECT

s.s. DE. 8.S. DE.

8.8. DE.

8.S.

DE.

TO CONTINUE THE SALE OF THE SAUSAGE.

But what in the world has this to do with me ?

The black-tanned Eagle, that means Paphlagon. And what the mandibles ? That’s self-evident.

His fingers, crooked to carry off their prey. What does the Serpent mean ?

That’s plainer still. A serpent’s long ; a sausage too is long. Serpents drink blood, and sausages drink blood. The Serpent then, it says, shall overcome The black-tanned Eagle, if it’s not talked over. I like the lines : but how can I, I wonder, Contrive to manage Demus’s affairs. Why nothing’s easier. Do what now you do: Mince, hash, and mash up everything together. Win over Demus ¢ with the savoury sauce Of little cookery phrases. You've already Whatever else a Demagogue requires.

Bupoaleros is formed on the analogy of xpvoaleros ‘the golden eagle.”

® Used in tanning.

* TheGreek hasa play on djuos, “ people,” and dyuds, “ fat.”

143

ARISTOPHANES

A nn pwr puapd, yéyovas KaK@s, aydopaios ef* exels dmavta mpos oAreiav a Set: xXpyopol Te ovpBaivovor kal To HvOuxov. 220 arArAa oredavod, kal omevde TH Koadduw- XoOTwWS auvvel TOV avdpa. \ / 7 AA. Kal tis Evppaxos yevyncetai pou; Kal yap ot te mAovaror dediaow adrov 6 te mévys BdvAAE Aedis. AH. GAd’ cioly immeis avdpes ayabot yiAor 225, pucobvtes adtdv, ot BonPyjaovai ao, A ~ ~ ¢ / > , Kat TOV ToATav oi Kadoi Te Kayabot, Kal T@v Oearadv Gotis éati deEtos, > A > 7 A > \ / kaya) eT adta@v: xa Oeos EvdAdArjberat. ; A \ / > > / > > 7 kat pn S60’: od yap éotw eEnkacpevos. 230 ec \ ~ / \ >? \ > A ” do Tob déouvs yap adrov ovdeis OEE TOV okevoTroLmy eikdoat. mavTwWSs ye pV yrwobicera TO yap Oéarpov de€iov. NI. oijou kaxodaipwyr, 6 IladAayay e&épyerat. /, TIAGAATON. OU Tou pa TOVs SwWdeKa Deods YaLtpyoETOV, 235 ¢ \ > \ ~ 7 / / orn “mi TO OHuw EvvdpuvuTov mdAa. ‘ / ~ A A / toutt Ti dpa to XadkidiKdv moTHpiov; a ” oe OF > , > / ovK €of” dws od Xadkidéas adiorarov. atovetobov, amobavetobov, & piapwrarw. a , AH. ovTos, Ti devyets; od peveis; @ yevvdda 240 dAAavtroTHAa, un mpodas TA Tpdypara.

* The Athenian cavalry numbered 1000, each of the ten tribes contributing 100.

® This acter, unlike the representatives of Nicias and Demosthenes, wore no portrait mask, whatever the reason was.

° Enter Nicias. 4 Enter Paphlagon. 144

THE KNIGHTS, 218-241

A brutal voice, low birth, an agora training ; [ Why you’ve got all one wants for public life. The Pythian shrine and oracles concur. Crown, crown your head ; pour wine to mighty —Dulness ; ¢ Prepare to fight the man. 8.8. But what ally Will stand beside me, for the wealthy men Tremble before him, and the poor folk blench. DE. A thousand Knights,? all honest men and true, Detest the scoundrel, and will help the cause ; And whosoe’er is noblest in the State, And whosoe’er is brightest in the tiers, And I myself. And God will lend his aid. And fear him not ; he is not pictured really ; ® For all the mask-providers feared to mould His actual likeness ; but our audience here Are shrewd and bright ; they'll recognize the é man.° nic. Mercy upon us! here comes Paphlagon.@ PAPHLAGON. By the Twelve Gods,’ you two shall pay for this, _ Always conspiring, plotting ill to Demus ! What’s this Chalcidian goblet doing here ? Hah ! ye're inciting Chalcis * to revolt. Villains and traitors ! ye shall die the death. pe. (Zo8S.S.) Hi! where are you off to? Stop! For goodness’ sake, Don’t fail us now, most doughty Sausage- seller ! ¢ The Twelve Gods are Zeus, Poseidon, Apollo, Ares, Hephaestus, and Hermes; Hera, Athene, Artemis, Aphro- dite, Demeter, and Hestia.

*7*The reference to the Chalcidians is doubtless to Chalcidice in Thrace’: R

VOL. I L 145

ARISTOPHANES

a” ¢ a , ~ ¢ , avdpes inmeis, mapayévecbe: viv 6 Katpos. / Lipwy, ® Ilavair’, odk eAGre mpos TO SeEvov Képas; / avdpes eyyts: aA’ aptvov, Kkamavactpépov mid. ¢ A a ~ / 0 KoviopTos SijAos adr@v ws ouob mpooKeyevov. aA’ aytvov Kal SiwKke Kal tpomjy abtod mod. ) XOPOS. male mate Tov Tavodpyov Kal TapakimmooTpaTo c lol kal TeAwvnv Kal ddpayya Kat XdpuBdw aprayhs, ~ ~ A ” Kal Travotpyov Kal mavotpyov: moAAdKis yap avT epa, A A a oy lol / ~ ¢€ / Kal ‘yap odTos Hv mavodpyos ToAAdKis Tis Hwepas a 7 aAAd mate Kai SiwKe Kai Tdparre Kal KUKa ‘ 4 A \ ¢ a 3 / 4 kat BdedUrrov, Kal yap Tueis, KamiKEelwevos Boa" ~ Ce) evAaBod dé yu) *Kdvyyn ce Kal yap olde Tas ddovs, La > / ” 29\ ~ / 1 aomep Kixparys efevyev dO T&v KupnBiwv. IIA. @ yépovres HAvactai, dpdropes tpuwBddAov, ots éya Booxw Kexpayws Kat Sikava KaduKa, ag? ¢ Ciu"F oD ~ / ~ . TrapaBbonbet?’, ws tn’ avdp@v rimropar fvvaporay. xo. ev dikn y’, émel Ta Kowa Trplv Aayxetv KaTeoOiets,

* The Knights enter the orchestra. .

’ The two Hipparchoi who commanded the two divisions of the Knights.

* Tapdtimmos seems to have been a title of Poseidon Hippios (Pausanias, vi. 20).

4 The allusion is unknown, but the person Eucrates was 4 dealer in oakum, bran, and such things.

¢ The Heliasts were 6000 citizens, chosen by lot yearly from all citizens over 30. From these dicasts were chosen for each case. Three obols were the day’s pay.

146

THE KNIGHTS, 242-258

Hasten up, my gallant horsemen,? now’s the time your foe to fight. Now then Simon, now Panaetius,® charge with fury on the right. Here they’re coming! Worthy fellow, wheel about, commence the fray ; Lo, the dust of many horsemen rushing on in close array ! Turn upon him, fight him, smite him, scout him, rout him, every way.

forus. Smite the rascal, smite him, smite him,

~—

APH.

TOR.

troubler of our Knightly train,¢ Foul extortioner, Charybdis, bottomless abyss of gain. Smite the rascal ; smite the rascal ; many times the word I'll say, For he proved himself a rascal many, many times a day. Therefore smite him, chase him, pound him, rend and rattle and confound him ! Show your loathing, show as we do ; press with angry shouts around him. Take you heed, or he'll evade you ; watch him closely, for the man Knows how Eucrates 4 escaped us, fleeing to his stores of bran. O my Heliastic? veterans, of the great Triobol clan, Whom through right and wrong I nourish, bawling, shouting all I can, Help me, by conspiring traitors shamefully abused and beaten, Rightly, for the public commons you before your turn have eaten,

147

ARISTOPHANES

> / / \ e tA ~ KatroovKdles mélwy tods brevddvous, oxoTav dotis adt@v Wpds eoTw 7 Twémr@v 7 pa) TWéeT@V" Kav tw’ adrt@v yv@s anpaypov’ ova Kal Kexnve Katayayav ek Xeppovicov, diaBaddv, ayKupioas > > 3 ‘ Ss > A > vA elr’ amootpébas TOv dpov, adrov evexoAjPacas: Kal oKoreis ye TOV ToALTy GoTis eoTly apvoK@y mAovowos Kal 7) TovNnpos Kal Tpéwwv TA TpPadypware A > ~ mA. Evverixercd” dpeis; eyw 8, dvdpes, dv 4%, TUTTOMAL, Stu éyew yropnv eedov ws Sixaov ev aodAE tordvar pvnpeiov tudv eotw avdpelas xapw. xo. ds 8’ ddaldv, ws 5é pdobAns: eldes of” brrépxera ¢ \ / ¢ ~ > 4 Womepel yépovtas Huds, KaxkoBaduceverar; GAN éav tavrn TapéeAOn, TavTyt memrAjEeraL: a“ i ¢€ rAé 8 / A aN / iv & daexkdAiy ye Sevpi, mpos axéAos KupynBaoe mA. @® wdAts Kat Shp’, df otwv Onpiwv yaorpilo XO. Kal Kéxpayas, womep del THv moAW KaraoTpEede > > > tA “a od 4. ~ / ‘ AA. GA ey oe TH Boh tavTn ye mpara Tpepomat.

t

@ The word is meant to recall cvxoddvrns, sycophantes, th informer or blackmailer. This introduces the image of the f (cdxov), which is mixed later with terms of the wrestling-sch All public officials had their accounts scrutinized, or audited, the end of their year of office.

> A play upon éadaBey, “ grasping,” and dia8addv, “ calumn ating.” So 491, diaBords for duadaBds.

¢ The ** hook ” is a wrestling term. a

4 He tries to escape, head down (a stage direction, accordir to the Scholiast).

148

PAPH.

CHOR.

PAPH.

CHOR.

3.

THE KNIGHTS, 259-275

And you squeeze ¢ the audit-passers, . pinching them like figs, to try Which is ripe, and which is ripening, which is very crude and dry. Find you one of easy temper, mouth agape, and vacant look, Back from Chersonese you bring him, grasp him firmly,? fix your hook,¢ Twist his shoulder back and, glibly, gulp the victim down at once. And you search amongst the townsmen for some lambkin-witted dunce, Wealthy, void of tricks and malice, shuddering at disputes and fuss. You assail me too, my masters ? ‘tis for you they beat me thus ; "Tis because I thought of moving that ’twere proper here to make Some memorial of your worships for your noble valour’s sake. Hear him trying to cajole us ! O the supple-bending sneak, Playing off his tricks upon us, as on dotards old and weak. Nay, but there my arm shall smite him if to pass you there he seek ; If he dodge in this direction, here against my leg he butts.4 Athens! Demus! see the monsters, see them punch me in the guts. Shouting, are you? you who always by your shouts subvert the town. But in this I'll first surpass him ; thus I shout the fellow down.

149

ARISTOPHANES

XO. GAN’ édv pévtor ye vikds TH Boh, tHveAdos ef: qv 8 dvadela mapéAOns, juérepos 6 mupapods

TIA. Tovtovi Tov avdp’ «ya "vdeixvupt, Kal dy’ eEdye tatot IleAotovvync wy tpinpeot Cwyevpara.

AA. vat wa Aia Kdywye Todrov, dre Kev TH Korie elodpapay eis TO mpuravetov, elra mdAdw exe? mré

aH. v7 Ai’, eEdywv ye tardppy)’, dy” dprov Kat Kpé Kal Téwaxos, od Ilep:KAens od HEubOn moda

/

TIA. amobaveicbov adtixa para. AA. TpiTAdovov Kexpdfopal gov. TIA. KkataBoyjcowat Body ce. AA. KkataKkekpa€opal oe Kpdlwr.

~ > A ~ TIA. diaBar® o”, eav orparnyis. AA. KuvoKOTHGW Gov TO V@TOV. TIA. TepieA® o° dAaloveias. AA. droTewobuat Tovs 7Odas' Gov. TIA. Brébov eis pw’ doxapdduu«tos. AA. ev ayopa Kaya TéOpapypa. TIA. Suahopjow a”, el tu ypvéets.

/ > > "4

AA. Kompopopyaw oa’, «i AaAjoets. TIA. Oporoy® Kréarew: od 8° ody. AA. vy Tov ‘Epunv tov ayopaior,

1 rods rbdas, Rogers: Tas dd0vs MSS.

* A Greek proverb. A cake was the prize at drinking pa for the man who kept awake all night. ;

» A play upon f(wuetuara, “ sauces,” and brotéuara, * cables fi under-girding a ship.” Cf. the account of St. Paul’s ship Acts xxvii. 17.

° To be a guest at the public dinner in the Prytaneum a recognized honour. This was awarded to Cleon after his su cess at Sphacteria. At that time Cleon had bitterly attacke Nicias and Demosthenes.

150

CHOR.

PAPH.

S.S.

cHOR.

PAPH.

PAPH.

S.S.

PAPH.

S.S.

PAPH.

PAPH.

8.S.

PAPH.

PAPH.

S8.S.

THE KNIGHTS, 276-297

If in bawling you defeat him, sing we ho! for Victory’s sake. If in shamelessness you beat him, then indeed we take the cake.* I denounce this smuggling fellow ; contraband of war he takes For the Peloponnesian galleys, frapping them with—girdle-cakes.? . I denounce this juggling fellow ; at the Hall, from day to day, In he runs with empty belly, with a full one hies away.¢ Fish, and flesh, and bread exporting, and a hundred things like these, Contraband of peace, which never were allowed to Pericles. Death awaits you at once, you two. Thrice as loud can I squall as you. Now will I bawl you down by bawling. Now will I squall you down by squalling. Lead our armies, and I'll backbite you. I'll with dog-whips slash you and smite you. I'll outwit you by fraud and lying. I'll your pettitoes chop for frying. Now unblinking regard me, you. I was bred in the agora too. Say but g-r-r, and to strips I'll tear you. Speak one word, and as dung I'll bear you. I confess that I steal. Do you? Agora Hermes ¢! yes, I do.

# An image of Hermes, as patron of commerce and of tricks,

_ stood in the market-place.

151

ARISTOPHANES

KamuopK@® ye Prerovrwv.

HA. — -dAdAstpia Tolvv ocodile, kal oe haivw Tois mpuTdveow, ddexatevtovs THv Oedy te- pas €xovra KotdXias.

xo. & pape, cal BdcAupé, kal karake- [orp. ~ ~ lot / KpGk7Ta, TOO cod Opacous maca pev yh mdéa, madoa 8 éxxAyaia, \ / \ , Kal téAn, Kal ypadat, \ ‘4 > > kal. ducaorype, @ , . \ BopBopordpagé., Kat A /, ov e THV TOAW daca 1- pav avatetupBakes, rr ¢ >, ae A , ? , . ~ dotis Hav tas “AOjvas éexxexwdwKas Bodrv, Karo TOV TeTPaV avwlev Tods dopovs BvvvocKe ~~ ~ ¥ MA. 010’ éyd TO mpayya Tod d0ev mdAa KarrveTo , AA. et O€ p47) OV y oloba KaTTUp’, odd’ eyd) yopdedpare ~ \ dotis broTéuvwy emwdAcrs Séppa poxOnpod Boos Tos adypoikovow mravovpyws, wate paiveoBar max ‘Kal mplv jyepav dopicat, wetlov Av Svotv Soxpaty ni. v7) Aia xape tobr’ eSpace tadrov, Ware Kal yeAa

* i.e, * you are poaching on my preserves”: R,

» Lit. “*I denounce you to the Prytanes,”’ who are sitting among the spectators; ¢f. 278.

° xoNlas, ‘* guts,” for otcias, “estates’’: Schol. Estates certain offenders were confiscated, and a tithe paid to Athe Tithes of their profits were also consecrated by private pers

152

~ es 4 ?

THE KNIGHTS, 298-319

. If I’m seen, I’m a perjurer too.

PAPH. Somebody else’s tricks you’re vaunting ; “ Now to the Prytanes off I'll run,?

Tell them you’ve got some holy pig-guts.

oil Tell them you’ve paid no tithe thereon.°

coor. O villain, O shameless of heart, O Bawler and Brawler self-seeking, The land, the Assembly, the Tolls, are all with thine impudence reeking, And the Courts, and the actions at law ; “ they are full unto loathing and hate ! -— _ Thou stirrest the mud to its depths, perturbing the whole of the State. Ruffian, who hast deafened Athens és with thine everlasting din, _ Watching from the rocks the tribute, tunny-fashion, shoaling in? + pap. Well I know the very quarter where they cobbled up the plot. ‘\s8. You're a knowing hand at cobbling, a else in mincing meat I’m not ; You who cheated all the rustics with a flabby bullock-hide, Cutting it aslant to make it is look like leather firm and dried ; @ In a day, the shoes you sold them | LE wobbled half a foot too wide. . That’s the very trick the rascal played the other day on me, pier fale Instances are recorded of butcher, baker, tanner, r, fuller, and washerman. (Greek Votive Offerings, p. 59.) An allusion to the watchers set to look out for Ahoals of

bas who announce their advent with stentorian voice. he slanting cut makes the leather seem thicker than it is.

153

D

|

XO.

ARISTOPHANES

|

mdpmoAvy Tots Snwdtaor Kal didous tapacxeBeiv- 3

‘ A lon 7 > a ? /, mpi yap evar Hepyacfow, éveov ev Tais euBaow.

}

4 dpa dT odK am’ apxfs edjAous avat- [orp. B- 3

a / Sevav, W7TEp ovn mpooTatel pHTOpwv; A /, > / ~ / A , y fj od muoTevwr apedyers TOV E€vwv TOUS KapTipous,

S| }

mpa@tos av: 6 8 ‘Immoddpuov AciBerar Oewdpevos.

> > > / A et, LA A adr ébavn yap avip etepos troAd ~ /

cod puuapwrepos, Wore pe Yalpew, g / ‘ / SHAS > > 50) Os ce Tavoer Kal mdpetor, SHAds eoTw, adTdobev,

mavoupyia te Kal Apacer

Kal KoBaduKevpaow. > > > \ 50 / > »” 5 a > 4 GAN & tpadeis SOevrép ciow dvdpes oimep etat, viv dei€ov ws oddev Eyer TO cwhpdvws Tpadhvar.

\ A > tA > / > i ‘ , Kal piv axovoal’ ofds eorw obtoal moAirns. ovK ad p éedoes;

‘ AP? a> te Pe, | , > , pea Av, eres Kaya TroVNpoOs EUpst.

24 de \ t4 RB / AJ om > ~ eav € un TavTn y’ breixn, A€y’ STL KaK TOVNpaY. ovK ad p’ edoes; A / pa Lia, ‘ A / vat wa Ala. \ ~ pa Tov Ilooedd, > > > ‘ ‘ ~ / > ~ ~ ‘ aA airo mept tob mpdrepos ecimeivy mpOra Si0- peaxyoduat,

* An Attic Deme.

» Archeptolemus, 794 below. He tried to end the war, but was foiled by Cleon. Being involved with the Four Hundred, he was afterwards condemned to death.

154

ae <<

ve ——— ee

CHOR.

S.S.

PAPH.

S.S.

CHOR.

PAPH.

8.S.

PAPH.

S.S.

THE KNIGHTS, 320-339

And my friends and fellow burghers laughed with undissembled glee, I was swimming in my slippers ere I got to Pergasae.* So then thou hast e’en from the first that shameless bravado displayed Which alone is the Orators’ Patron. And.foremost of all by its aid Thou the wealthy strangers milkest, draining off their rich supplies ; And the son of Hippodamus ? watches thee with streaming eyes. Ah, but another has dawned on us now, Viler and fouler and coarser than thou, Viler and fouler and coarser by far, One who'll beat thee and defeat thee (therefore jubilant we are), Beat thee in jackanapes tricks and rascality, Beat thee in impudence, cheek, and brutality. O trained where Men are trained who best deserve that appellation, Now show us of how little worth is liberal education. The sort of citizen he is, I'll first expose to view. Give me precedence. No, by Zeus, for I’m a blackguard too. And if to that he yield not, add “ as all my fathers

were.’ Give me precedence. No, by Zeus. O yes, by Zeus. I swear I'll fight you on that very point ; you never shall be first.

155

/ ‘ \ / \ / / Ld A AA. ti dal od mivwr tiv modW TeETOinKas, WoTE vUVt

TIA.

AA.

ARISTOPHANES

/ olor, Suappayyjcopar. , Kal py eye od Tapjow. mdpes mdpes mpos TOv Oedv adt@ divappayjvar. ~ ‘ ‘ > a > lo , wv T® Kal rremolws akwis eyod A€yew evavta;

¢ \ /, / > \ ‘ al dru A€éyew olds Te Kaye) Kal KapuKoTo-ely.

iSod A€yew. Kadrds y’ av obv od mpaypa mpoo- TEOV GOL

> 4 \ / ~

dpoondpaktov mapaAaPav pweTaxerpiaaro xpnoTa@s.

GAN’ ofa” 6 wou werrovOévas Soxets ; Sep TO TAHOos.

et mov Sixidvov elmas «6 Kata, Eévov petoixov,

Tiv viKtTa OpvAdy Kat AadAdv év tats ddots ceavT@,

’ : ’ ; q , ‘ 7 i

7 , > ‘ \ / be ~ bdwp Te mivwv, KaTWeKkvds Tods didous 7° aay,

@ov Svuvaros elvar réyew. & pape THs avotas. 351

bo Got povwrdrov KateyAwTrTicoperny owwnay; x a \ > , > , > ¢ > enol yap avréOnkas avOpwirwv tw’; doris edOds 6 / a] \ / > pa eee A > 4, vvveva Oepua Katapayav, Kar’ émumuv axparov owvov xda KacadBdow rods ev IlvA@ orparynyods. 38

> \ Sé >» \ ‘ , el. eyw O€ Y TWVUOTPOV Boos KQL KotAlay vVELav

* The speaker intends this to repeat the words of 338, but the chorus misunderstand him to refer to “ I shall burst.”

> In later days, it was a gibe against the orator Demosthenes that he was a water-drinker; and something of the sort may be meant here.

156

PAPH.

S.S.

CHOR. PAPH.

PAPH.

PAPH.

8.38.

THE KNIGHTS, 340-356

O, I shall burst. You never shall.¢ O let him, let him burst. How dare you try in speech to vie with Me? On what rely you? Why I can speak first-rate, and eke with piquant sauce supply you. O speak you can! and you're the man, I warrant, who is able A mangled mess full well to dress, and serve it up to table. I know your case, the common case ; against some alien folk You had some petty suit to plead, and fairly well you spoke. For oft you’d conned the speech by night, and in the streets discussed it, And, quaffing water,’ shown it off, : and all your friends disgusted. Now you're an orator, you think. O fool, the senseless thought ! Pray what’s the draught which you have quaffed that Athens you have brought Tongue-wheedled by yourself alone to sit so mute and still ? Who to compare with me will dare ? I'll eat my tunny grill, And quaff thereon a stoup of wine which water shall not touch, And then with scurrilous abuse the Pylian generals smutch. I'll eat the paunch of cow and swine, and quaff thereon their stew,

157

ARISTOPHANES

KataBpoxOicas, Kar’ emmy tov Cayov davamde- ViTTOS

Aapvyya Tovs /Puropas Kal Nuctav Tapago. xo. Ta pev dAda Ee TIpecas Aéyunv" év 5’ od mpooterat pe

TOV mpayparev, Tin pLovos TOV Cwov expodyoets. 36 mA. GAN’ od AdBpaxas Kkarapayav MuAnotous kAovijcets. AA. ana oxeibas edndoKas avngopar peradda., TIA. eyo om emevommO@v ye TH Bovdjy Big KUKI, AA. eye de Kujow yé gov TOV TpwKTov avtt pvokns. TIA. eyo dé efedEw ge THs Tuyis Dvpace KUBda. 365 XO. v7) TOV Togeda Kape Tap» ivmrep ye TobTov EAkys.

TIA. oldv ae Siow *v TH Evrw. AA. Sudfopai ce Sevdéas. TIA. % Bvpoa cov Opavetoera. AA. dep@ ce OAakov KAorAs. 376 TIA. divarrarraAevbrjoer yapat. AA, TEpLKOMpaT EK Gov oKEevdow. \ / ~ TIA. tas PAehapidas cov mapaTiAd. AA. TOV mpnyope@vd oovKTELa. ‘ \ n > / > AH. kat v7) Av’ éuBaddvres ad- ; 875

TO marranov payerpucds

és 76 orép’, elra 8° évdobev

Tv yA@rrav eEeipavres ad-

Tod oKeypopec? eb KavdpiKds

KEXNVOTOS 380 ‘ , > lot

TOV mpwKTov, et xadrala.

oboe 3 he Milesian basse was a prime favourite with Hellenic epicures”’: R. Somehow Cleon had got money out of the Milesians, ef. 932. » The reference is unknown. * The terms in the following passage are drawn from the speakers’ trades.

158

CHOR.

THE KNIGHTS, 357-381

And rising from the board with hands which water never knew I'll throttle all the orators, and flutter Nicias too. With all beside I’m satisfied, but one thing likes me not, You speak as if you ate alone whatever stew you’ve got.

. You'll not consume your basse and then

Miletus bring to grief. But mines I'll purchase ® when I’ve first devoured my ribs of beef. Ih] leap the Council-chamber in, and put them all to rout. I'll treat you like a sausage-skin, and twirl your breech about. I'll hoist you by your crupper up, and thrust you through the gate, sir. If him you thrust, me too you must ; ou must as sure as fate, sir.

. Your feet in the stocks I'll fix full tight.

And you for your cowardice I'll indict. Outstretched on my board your hide I'll pin.¢ “ Pickpocket’s purse ” I’ll make your skin. Your limbs on the tanhouse floor I'll stake. Your flesh into force-meat balls I'll bake.

I'll twitch the lashes off both your eyes.

I'll cut your gizzard out, poulterer-wise. Prop open his mouth with all your strength ; Insert the extender from jaw to jaw ;

Pull out his tongue to its utmost length, And, butcher-fashion, inspect his maw,

And whilst his gape is so broad and fine,

See if he’s not The symptoms got

Which show that he’s nought but a measly swine.

159

XO.

TIA.

xo.

ARISTOPHANES

fw dpa mupds y” Erepa Oepporepa, [avr.

Kat Adyo. TOv Adywv

év moAeu TOV avat-

d@v dvawéorepou* 385

Kat TO Tpayp Hv ap od

fatrov wd [ovdapds ]}.*

GAN’ emi Kal orpoPer,

pundev dAlyov mrote.*

vov yap €éxeTau péaos. Lit 4 ds édv vuevt paddEns adrov ev TH mpooBodj, SewAdv edprjces: eyds yap Tovs Tpomous E7-

iorapat. 390

GW’ Suws odros Towbdros dv dmavra Tov Biov, Kar avip do€ev elvar, TaAAdTpiov adv Vpos. viv 8€ rovs ardyxus exeivous, ods exeev Hyayer; ev EvAw Sioas adaver Kamoddc8a BovAerar. od dédory” duds, ews av CH 7d BovdAevTyprov 395 Kal 70 Tob Anjou mpdowmov waxKog Kabjpevor.

~ ; 3 ws 5€ mpos mav avadeverar Kod peDi- [avr. oTnoL TOO xpwparos TOD mapeoTyKOTOS. .

” \ ~ / > K / bd 400 EL GE 7) pia@, yevoyunv ev Kpariwov Kwovov, Kal SiwacKkoiunv mpooddew Mopoipov tpayw-

diav. 1 ojdauas inserted by Rogers to complete the metre.

* “Cleon had done what he declared that the generals el ANAPE® elev would do, viz.: sail to Pylus and bring back the Spartans as captives, Thuc. iv. 27. He had reaped the harvest which Demosthenes had sown”: R.

> Cratinus was a good bottle-man, and his sheepskin might be expected to fare ill. He was a competitor in this contest with Aristophanes.

160

CHOR.

S.S.

PAPH.

CHOR.

THE KNIGHTS, 382-401

There are things, then, hotter than fire ; there are speeches more shameless still Than the shameless speeches of those who rule the City at will. No trifling task is before you ; upon him and twist and garotte him. Do nought that is little or mean ; for round the waist you have got him. If in this assault you knead him limp and supple to your hand, You will find the man a craven ; I his habits understand. Truly for an arrant coward he has all his life been known 3 Yet a Man he seemed but lately, reaping where he had not sown.? Now the ears of corn he brought us, he aspires to parch and dry, Shuts them up in wood and fetters, hopes to sell them by and by You and your allies I fear not, while the Council lives, and while Demus moons upon the benches with his own unmeaning smile. O see how he brazens it out ! The colour remains as before In his shameless impudent face. And O, if I hate you not sore, Let me be a filthy sheepskin, that whereon Cratinus lay,? Or let Morsimus¢ instruct me

as the Chorus to his Play.

¢ Morsimus was a worthless tragedian.

VOL. 1 M 161

TIA.

TIA.

ARISTOPHANES

@ wept mavr’ ent maoi te mpdypact SwpoddKotow én” avOeow tlw,

eile havrdws, womep ebdpes, exBddAois tiv evOcow. doatut yap ToT Gy povov' 40 mive wiv’ émt ovpdopats:

tov “lovAiov 7° av olopat, yépovra mupomimny,

Ho0eT intawvica Kat BaxyéeBaxyov doar.

ov Tot pw drrepBadrcio®’ dvaideia pa Tov Ioceda,

7] pH tor ayopaiov Avs omdAdyyvovo. mapa- yevoimny. 4]

” \ \ 5 5A “a Ma se Ee * MA ~

eywye v7) Tovs KovdvAous, ods ToAAd 81) "al moAAots

nvecxouny eK matdiov, payaiplowy te mAnyds,

a “ brrepBadrcicbai o° olor TovToLow, 7) paTny y? av amopaydadvds ovrovpuevos Toaobros extpadeiny. amopaySadias worep KUav; & mapmovnpe, Tas ObV 41 Kuvos Bopdy ovrovuevos payer ad KuvoKepadrw;

‘ ‘ > eae , / * ‘ wy kat vy Av’ dAda y’ éori pou KéBada aides évros. eEnttatwy yap Tods wayelpous av Aéyww TovavTt:

, al > ¢ ay? 7 tA , oKepacbe, mraides+ odx opal?; dpa véa, xeAdav. ot 8° éBXerrov, Kayd *v TooovTw TaVv Kpe@v ExAer-

TOV. 42

* A ditty of Simonides.

* avporlans, ‘one who keeps a loving eye on the bread” (ef. the Homeric rap@evortrns), was a nickname given by Cratinus to this old pantler at the Prytaneum.

° A statue of Zeus under this title stood in the Agora, and another in the Pnyx.

.* Pieces of dough used to clean the fingers, and then thrown to the dogs.

* See Baumeister, Denkmidler, fig. 2126, p. 1985.

162

PAPH.

_ PAPH.

8.8.

THE KNIGHTS, 402-420

‘Thou in all places, and thou at all hours, Flitting and sitting in bri-berry flowers, Sucking and sipping the gold they contain, Mayest thou lightly, as ’twas swallowed, cast thy mouthful up again. Then will I ever the roundelay sing _ Drink for the luck which the Destinies bring, And old Iulius’s son, the pantler Prytanean,?° For joy will “ Bacche-Bacchus ” shout, and chant his Io-Pacan. Think you in shamelessness to win ? No, by Poseidon, no! Or may I evermore the feasts ~ of Agora Zeus ¢ forgo. Now by the knuckles which in youth would discipline my head, And those hard-handled butchers’ knives they often used instead, I think in shamelessness I'll win ; else vainly in the slums Have I to such a bulk been reared on finger-cleaning crumbs.@ On finger-pellets like a dog ? And reared on these, you seek

To fight a dog-faced fierce baboon !'

I marvel at your cheek. And lots of other monkey-tricks I practised as a boy.

~O how I used to chouse the cooks

by shrieking out Ahoy ! Look lads, a swallow ! spring is here. Look up, look up, I pray.’ So up al looked whilst I purloined a piece of meat away.

163

ARISTOPHANES

s / / ~ > , . xo. @& SeEwsratov Kpéas, cops ye mpovvonow dorep axadjdhas eobiwy mpd xeAvddvwv ExdenTes.

AA. Kat tabra Spdv eAdvOavov y’: et 8 ody ior Tis

avTav, > / > \ / A 6 s, > amokpumTopevos eis Ta KoXwVva TOS Deovs am- cov" dot etn’ avip tav pyntopwyr dav pe TobTO Spavra- > ” Sue ¢ a ¢Qd ° \ ~ > 4 ovk €o8’ Grws 6 Tats 68’ od Tov Shjwov emiTpoTrevaet. a > xo. ed ye EvveBarev adr’ arap SHdov y ad’ od Evvéyvw* ¢ a 7 > ¢ ‘ \ / c ‘ OTi "mumpkeis B praKkws Kal Kpéas 6 TpwKTOS elyev. IA. é€yw oe mavow Tod Opdoous, ofwar S€¢ waAAov adw. e€eyu ydp cor Aaprpos 75n Kal péyas Kabteis, O08 Tapattwy Thy Te ynv Kal thy OdAaTTay €iKy. AA. eya@ dé avoreiAas ye Tods adAdavras elr” adjow Kata Koy’ éewavrdov ovpiov, KAdew oe paKkpa KeAevoas. AH. Kaywy’, édv TL mapaxadAd, tiv avtAiav pvdAdéw. IA. ov Tor pa THv Ajunrpa Kkatampoiéer téAavra ToAAa Kréibas *APnvaiwv. »” ‘ ~ \ , xO, ape, Kal Tob mods mrapiet* e e ” / ‘ , aA ws odtos 76n Kaixias kal LuKodavrias met.

® Kaxlas, the name of ‘the north-east wind, one of the most violent winds in the Mediterranean,”’ was proverbially explained as “bringing evils’ (@xwv xaxd), and Aristophanes coins ZuKo- gayrlas on its analogy.

164

4

CHOR.

CHOR.

PAPH.

8.S.

DE.

PAPH,

CHOR.

THE KNIGHTS, 421-437

Shrewd body, you were provident, and stole away your meat Before the vernal swallow came, as folk their nettles eat. And no one caught me out, or else, if any saw me pot it, I clapped the meat between my thighs and vowed I hadn’t got it ; Whereat an orator observed, who watched me at my tricks, Some day this boy will make his mark as leader in the Pnyx. His inference was just ; but still tis plain from whence he drew it ; He saw you filch the meat away, and swear you didn’t do it. I’ll stop your insolence, my man ; your friend’s and yours together, I'll swoop upon you like a gale of fresh and stormy weather, And all the land and all the sea in wild confusion throw. But I will furl my sausages, and down the tide will go With prosperous seas, and favouring breeze, at you my fingers snapping. And if your bark a leak should spring, the water I’ll be tapping. Full many a talent have you filched, and dearly shall you pay, You public-treasury thief ! Look out, and slack the sheet away, I hear a loud Nor’-Easter there or Sycophanter @ blow.

165

ARISTOPHANES

na. o¢ 8 ex IloriSaias éyovr’ ed ofda d€xa TtaAavra. ad. ti d4ta; BovdAe TOv taddvrwr ev AaBav owwrayv; XO. avip dv déws AdBor. tTods TepOpiovs apie.

AA. TO mvebp’ €darrov yiyverat. TIA. [Swpodoxias]* pev&er ypadas éxaTovTaAdvrous TéTTapas. Ah. od 8 dorpareias eikoow,

fol \ a “a / Kross S€ mArciv 7 x0Alas. > ~ > , , TIA, © éx Tov adurnpiwy o€ hn- pu yeyovevas Ta&v THs eos. AA. Tov manmov elvai dnul cov T&v Sopyddpwr— mA. Totwv; ppdaov. AA. ta&v Bupoivns tis ‘Immiov. TIA. KoBadros et. AA. mavodpyos el. XO. mat avdpiKas. 2 oP Die mA. lod io’, , , > € / tUmrovat pm ot Evvwpdrar. “> es > / ‘ xO, mat adrov avipucwrara, Kal

ydotpile Kal Tots évTépots kal Tots KOAoLs,

” ~ ‘ LA xaitws KoAG Tov avdpa..

& yevvixwrarov kpéas puxynv 7 dpiore mavTwv, \ ~ / \ a“ a Kal TH TOAEL OwWTHp pavels Hiv Te Tois ToAiTaLS,

1 Inserted by Rogers.

* Potidaea had surrendered on terms some five years before this, Thue. ii. 70. ~ No doubt Cleon had attacked the generals.

» The great family of the Alemaeonidae was put under a ‘curse for the murder of Cylon’s friends in sanctuary, about 200 years before, Thue, i. 126. The charge was revived against Cleisthenes, and later against Pericles, possibly also against Alcibiades. Here

166

“yy . eee

es Ye

THE KNIGHTS, 438-458

paPH. From Potidaea you received ten talents, that I know.

s.s. Will you take one, and hold your tongue?

CHOR. He’d take it like a shot. Let out the yard-arm ropes a bit. 8.3. The gale has milder got.

The stormy blast is falling fast. papH. You'll have, for bribery and deceit, Four hundred-talent writs to meet. 8.8. ‘And you, for cowardliness a score, For theft a thousand writs and more. parH. From that old sacrilegious race? __ I'll say that your descent you trace.

8.8. Your father’s father marched, I'll swear, As body-guard to—

PAPH. Whom? Declare!

8.8. To Hippias’s Byrsine.®

PAPH. . You jackanapes !

8.8. You gallows-tree !

cHor. _ Strike like a man!

PAPH, O help me! Oh! These plotting traitors hurt me so.

CHOR. Strike, strike him, well and manfully,

And with those entrails beat him, And strings of sausage-meat, and try Meet punishment to mete him. O noblest flesh in all the world, : O spirit best and dearest, To City and to citizens a Saviour thou appearest. it is used as a comic threat against the Sausage-seller, the last man to belong to such a family.

¢ The wife of Hippias the tyrant was Myrsine; for which, to suit the tanner’s trade, Aristophanes substitutes Bupotvy “a leather

strap.” 167

ARISTOPHANES

~ > / cis eb Tov dvSpa Troucidws 0 dafrGes ev Adyouow. ~ € / Tas av a erawécaysev oUTwWS WaTrep ddpL€G0a ; 460

MA. ravTi a tv Arjpntpd p> odk eAdvOavev TexTawomeva TA Tpaypat, GAN AmoTdynvy youdotpev” ada mavTa Kal KoAAdpeva.

XO. oto, ad 8° oddev e& dpuakoupyod Aéyets;

AA. ovKovv p’” ev “Apye y’ ofa mparrer AavOdver. mpopacw pev ’Apyeiovs didous jiv mrovet: idia 8° exe? Aaxedaysoviois Evyyiyverar. Kal tadr’ ed’ ololv eott cvupvowpeva ey@d’: emi yap tots dedeuevors xaAKkeverat.

XO. ed y’ €d ye, ydAkev’ avTi TOY KoAA@pevwr.

AA. Kal Evyxporodow avdpes adr’ exeidev ad, Kal Taira pm’ ovr’ apyvpiov ovre xpuatov didovs avareices, oUTE TpooTéeuTrwy dpidrovs, émws eyo tadr’ odk ’AOnvaiois ppdow.

TA. yd pev odv abrika par’ eis BovdAny tov bpav andvtwv tas Evvwpooias €pa,

Kal tas Evvddous Tas vuKTEpwas ev TH TOAEL, kal wav?’ & Mydois Kal Baore? Evvouvurte, kal tak Bowtdv tatra ovvrupovpeva.

AA. 7@s obv 6 Tupos ev Bowrtots dvios;

TIA. ey oe v7) Tov ‘HpaxAda mapacropd.

xo. dye 51) od tiva voby 7) tTiva yropnv Exets ; vuvi didd€ers, elmep amexptiybw Tore

* A thirty years’ truce between Sparta and Argos was running out; both Sparta and Athens were now bidding for the Argive support.

» The process for treason was impeachment before the Council, elcayyeNa.

* Demosthenes was intriguing with Boeotian cities to establish democracy there, Thuc. iv. 76. Cheese was an important product of Boeotia,

168

465

470

475

eS see

PAPH.

CHOR.

THE KNIGHTS, 459-483

How well and with what varied skill thou foil’st him in debate ! O would that I could praise you so, as our delight is great. Now, by Demeter, it escaped me not That these same plots were framing ; well I knew How they were pegged, and fixed, and glued together. O, me!

(To 8.8.) Can’t you say something from the cart-

S.Ss.

CHOR.

S.S.

PAPH.

S.S. PAPH. CHOR.

wright’s trade ? These Argos doings have escaped me not. He goes, he says, to make a friend of Argos,* But ‘tis with Sparta he’s colloguing there. Aye and I know the anvil whereupon His plan is forged : ’tis welded on the captives. Good good ! return him welding for his glue. And men from thence are hammering at it too. And not by bribes of silver or of gold Or sending friends, will you persuade me not To tell the Athenians how you are going on. I'll go this instant to the Council-board,? And all your vile conspiracies denounce, And all your nightly gatherings in the town, And how you plotted with the Medes and King, And all your cheese-pressed doings in Boeotia.¢ Pray, how’s cheese selling in Boeotia now ? I'll stretch you flat, by Heracles I will. [eit Now then, what mean you? what are you going to do? Now shall you show us if in very truth

169

AA.

AA. AH.

xo.

ARISTOPHANES

> ‘ 7 \ /, ¢ 5 as Xr / eis TA KOXWVA TO Kpéas, ws adros A€yets. Oevcer yap aéas «is TO BovAevrypwor, 485 Ws odtos elamecwy exetoe SiaBare? Hpas dmavras Kal Kpayov Kexpderat. Gan’ efur: mpBrov 8, ws exw, Tas KorAlas Kal Tas paxatpas év0adi Katabyjoopat. ” ” \ /, , éxe vuv, dAeubov tov tpaxnAov TouTwl, 490 w efoAcbavew Sivn tas diaBodds. GAN’ «db éyers Kal tradoTpiBiKds TavTayl. »” ar eae \ , éye vuv, enéyxayov AaBav Tadé. wt dat; a> 1A ~ > 5 = / / iv’ dpewov, @ Tay, e€aKopodiGpevos pax7n. Kal omebde Taxews. TadTa dpa. , , peuvnod vuv 495 / , Sdxvew, SiabdArew, Tods Addovs Karecbiew, ” \ / > > A 7 , yorws Ta KdAAw’ anofayav née madAw.

GAN’ tO. yaipwr, Kal mpakevas Kata vodv Tov eudv, Kat oe dvddrrot Zevs ayopatos: Kal vuxnoas 500 > > cal /, ¢ ¢ a ablis exeiBev mddw ws Huds wv / , éMois oreddvois KaTdmacTos. € lal > , Ser ~ dpcis 8° Hiv mpdcyere Tov vodv Tois T dvaraiorols, @ Tavrotas ” , 759 Movons 505

bd —? ¢ , TTELPQUEVTES KA €auTous.

* The Scholiast says that he gives him lard ; but perhaps it is a draught of wine, 493. ‘The garlic was to prime him like a fighting cock.

170

DE.

$.S.

DE. 8.8.

- DE.

8.S. DE.

‘CHOR.

THE KNIGHTS, 484-506

You stole the meat and hid it as you said. So to the Council-house you'll run, for he Will burst in thither, and against us all Utter his lies and bawl a mighty bawl. Well, I will go; but first I'll lay me down Here, as I am, these guts and butchers’-knives. Here take this ointment and anoint your neck,? So can you slip more easily through his lies.® Well now, that’s good and trainer-like advice. And next, take this and swallow it. What for ? Why, if you are garlic-primed, you'll fight much better. And now begone. I’m off. And don’t forget

- To peck, to lie, to gobble down his combs,

And bite his wattles off. That done, return.

‘Good-bye and good speed : may your daring

succeed, And Zeus of the Agora help you in need.° May you conquer in fight, and return to our sight A Victor triumphant with garlands bedight. But ye @ to our anapaests listen the while, And give us the heed that is due, Ye wits, who the Muse of each pattern and style Yourselves have attempted to woo.

® SiaBords for diadaBds. So 496.

¢ 498-99 come from Sophocles, according to the Scholiast.

@ Here the Chorus turns directly to the audience, and the Parabasis proper, 507-46, follows.

171

ARISTOPHANES

~ /, ey el peév Tis avip Ta dpxyaiwy KwpmdodiddoKados nuas \ ‘ a ivayKalev A€fovras rn mpos TO Véarpov mapaPivas,

A > , ovk av pavrAws ervxev TovTov' viv 8’ d&wds €a8 6 trourys, btu Tovs adtods Hulv poet, TOAUG Te A€yew Ta Sixata, 5)

‘ / A A | ~ a ‘ A > bX Kal yevvaiws mpos tov Tud& xwpet Kat tHv EeprcddAnv. ~ al / a S€ Cavpalew tudv dnow modAdodvs ait@ mpoovwvras, , kat Bacavilew, as odxt maAar xopov airotn Kal” éavrov, e a ) et > £y. d / 3 , d A \ Le | Huds tyuiv éexédeve dpdoa epi TovTov. Pyat yap avnp ody bm’ avolas Tobro memovOds SiaTpiBew, aAAa vouilwy 5 / / wv ¢ / Kwuwoodwackadrlav elvar xaderruTarov Epyov amavTwv* TOMAGY yap 51) TetpacdvTwy adriy dALyous xapicacban- ¢ a“ 4, / > / A id + bas te TaAa SuayvyywoKwy emetelous THv Pvow ovras, Kal tovs mpotépovs THY TomnTav dua TH yipa mpo- diddvras* Totro pev «ids drabe Mayvyns dua tats modvats Kat-

tovoas, 5

* A. had hitherto exhibited his plays in the name of Calli- stratus. ‘The poet had to send in his play to the Archon, and “‘ask for a chorus”; if it was granted, the Archon chose a Choregus, who had to pay all expenses except the cost of the three actors provided by the state. These three divided the chief parts between them.

>» Magnes, an early writer of comedy. The lines that follow allude to his plays, BapSiricral, The Lute-players, “Opydes, The Birds, Avéol, The Lydians, Vives, The Gall-flies, Barpaxo, The I'rogs. The green dye, “ frog-green,” was smeared by actors upon their faces before the use of masks came in. Schol.

172

THE KNIGHTS, 507-520 If one of the old-fashioned Comedy-bards

had our,services sought to impress, And make us before the spectators appear, to deliver the public address, He would not have easily gained us ; but now, with pleasure we grant the request Of a poet who ventures the truth to declare, and detests what we also detest, And against the Tornado and Whirlwind, alone, with noble devotion advances.: But as for the question that puzzles you most, so that many inquire how it chances That he never a Chorus had asked for himself, or attempted in person to vie, @ On this we’re commissioned his views to explain, and this is the Poet’s reply ; That ’twas not from folly he lingered so long, but discerning by shrewd observation That Comedy-Chorus-instruction is quite the most difficult thing in creation. For out of the many who courted the Muse she has granted her favours to few, While e’en as the plants that abide but a year, so shifting and changeful are you ; And the Poets who flourished before him, he saw, ye were wont in their age to betray. Observing the treatment which Magnes ® received when his hair was besprinkled with grey,

173

ARISTOPHANES

ds mActora yopav t&v avrimdAwy vikns €ornoe Tpo- Tmata.* ndoas 8 spiv dwvas els cat pddAwv Kal mrepuyilov kal Avdi~wv Kai Ynvilwv Kal Barropevos Batpaxetous otk céjpxecev, GAAd Tedevtdv emt yijpws, od yap ep” mBys, 7. e€eBAjOn mpeoBdtns wv, ott TOD oKwTTEW ‘dredeldOn: 5 efra Kparivov peuvnpevos, ds TOAA@ pedoas mor’ eraivy Sia. TOv adedAGv mediwv Epper, Kal THs oTdoews Tapa- ovpwv . pe nit atest eddper tas Spis Kal ras mAatdvous Kal rods éxOpods mpoleAdpvous * . savoct sain doa 8° od tv ev Evprrociw tAjv, Awpot ovKomeddire, kal, Téxroves edrraAduwv tuvwv: ovtws HvOnoev exeivos. 5: yovi 8° bets adrov dpdvres apadnpodbyr’ od« édecire, exmumTovoay Tay hAEKTpwY, Kal TOO TévoU OdK ET ey- ovTos, tav 0 dppovdy SvaxacKovody: ahAda yépwv av aept- éppet, . donep Kovvas, orépavov pev exwv. adov, didn 8 aar- oAwrds,

* Cratinus, another writer of comedies, now in his old age a toper and despised. He won the second place in this contest with The Satyrs. Next year he was again second to A., with the Xemafouevn, The Storm-tossed; and the year following be = first with Ilurivn, The Flagon, A. being third with The

ouds.

'® Songs of Cratinus from the Eunidae, a play full of parodies.

174

THE KNIGHTS, 521-534

Than whom there was none more trophies had won in the fields of dramatic display. All voices he uttered, all forms he assumed, the Lydian, the fig-piercing Fly, The Harp with its strings, the Bird with its wings, the Frog with its yellow-green dye. Yet all was too little ; he failed in the end, when the freshness of youth was gone by, And at last in his age he was hissed from the stage © when lost was his talent for jeering. Then hethought of Cratinus* who flowed through theplains _ ’mid a tumult of plaudits and cheering ; And sweeping on all that obstructed his course, with a swirl from their stations he tore them, Oaks, rivals, and planes ; and away on his flood uprooted and prostrate he bore them. And never a song at a banquet was sun but Doro fig-sandaled and true,’ Or Framers of terse and artistical verse,° such a popular poet he grew. Yet now that he drivels and dotes in the streets, and Time of his ambers has reft him, And his framework is gaping asunder with age, and his strings and his music have left him, No pity ye show ; no assistance bestow ; but allow him to wander about Like Connas,¢ with coronal withered and sere, and ready to perish with drought ;

“St. Bribitt with shoes of blackmail,” recalls hymns to some goddess xpucorééiXos, “* with golden sandals.” - -* The Scholiast says Connas was “a flute-player and drunkard who used to go from feast to feast garlanded, and after winning many victories at Olympia, fell into poverty.’’ ‘The line em- bodies a proverb, Ae\oéds avip, crépavov mev EXO, dive & dmrohwrws, used of persons sacrificing while themselves in want.

175

ARISTOPHANES

~ / > cod ; ov xphv Sia Tas mporépas vixas mivew ev tO Upv- Taveiw, 5 ual a A ~ , Kat 7) Anpeiv, dAAa OeGo8a AuTapov mapa TH Arovdow. ~ \ otas b€ Kparns dpyas tuadv jvéoxero Kal orudedvypods* ~ a > / > / Os did opixpas Samdvns buds aporilww daémeprev, > 7 > amo KpauBotdrov oTdparos pdtTwy aoTeoTatas emt voias* > / / > , / \ / / XovTos pévTor povos avTipKer, TOTE ev TiMTwWY, TOTE 5 ody. 5 ~ a \ U4 Tadr dppwidv SiétpiBev dei, Kal mpos tovrovow epackev ~ a / > epérnv xpivar mpOra yevéoOar, mpw mndadlors éam- XELpetv, oe Nae: ~ “a \ \ Me? and Kat’ evtedlev mpwmpatetoa Kal Tovs avepwous Siabphoar, Kara KuBepvay adrov éavt®. rodtwv odv obvexa mdvTwv, Lg ~ > > , > 8 / > r / 5 oTt awhpovikds KovK avorjrws eaomndioas epdvdper, a > aipeo?” abr moAd 76 pdbwov, waparéuipar’ éf” &vSexa KwTraLs

OdpuBov xpynorov Anvairny, wv’ 6 momnrns amin xalpwr, Kata votv mpdéas, \ / 4 dadpos Adumovte petdrrw. 5

* A variation on the demveiv ev 7G IIpvravelw. “to dine in the Prytaneum,” the reward for distinguished public service. His statue being placed in the theatre during the plays. * Crates, like Magnes, was dead at this time. His subjects foreshadowed the New Comedy of manners.

176

C—O ee ae ee oo)

THE KNIGHTS, 535-550

BVho ought for his former achievements to pRiINK @ in the Hall, nor be laid on the shelf, But to sit in the Theatre shining and bright, beside Dionysus himself.’ And then he remembered the stormy rebuffs which Crates ¢ endured in his day, Who a little repast at a little expense would provide you, then send you away ; Who the daintiest little devices would cook from the driest of mouths for you all; Yet he, and he only held out to the end, now standing, now getting a fall. So i in fear of these dangers he lingered ; besides, a sailor, he thought, should abide And tug at the oar for a season, before he attempted the vessel to guide ; And next should be stationed awhile at the prow, the winds and the weather to scan ; And then be the Pilot, himself for himself. So seeing our Poet began In a mood so discreet, nor with vulgar conceit rushed headlong before you at first, Loud surges of praise to his honour upraise ; salute him, all hands, with a burst ¢

Of hearty triumphant Lenaean applause,

That the bardmay depart, all radiant and bright

To the top of his forehead with joy and delight, Having gained, by your favour, his cause.

@ ** With eleven oars a side’’: a phrase not understood. The

7 explanations given are mere guesses,

VOL. I N 177

ARISTOPHANES

imm dvat IIdcedov, & yadkokpotwy tmmwv KTUTOS Kal xpepeTiopos avddvet, Kal kvaveuBoror Boat pcboddpot Tpujpets, 655 precpaxiwy 8 dyirAa Aap- fy mpuvopevwy ev apyacw Kal BapvdayovotyTwr, Seip’ €A0” és xopdv, & xpvoorpiaw’, & SeAdivwy pedéwv, Lovvidpate, 560 ® Vepaiorie ati Kpovov, | - Moppiwvi te didrar’, éx Tt&v dAdwy te Oedv *AGn-

valous mpos TO mapeoTos.

evrAoyjoa BovAdpecba tods matépas Hu@v, Gtr. 565 avdpes Hoav tTHade Ths ys aévor Kal Tob mémdov, oirwes mrelais payavow év Tre vavdpdxTw oTpaT@ mavTaxod vuKk@vres del TIVvd éexdopnoav modAw-

> \ ) \ , > > ae A > / xO 4 od yap ovdels mubmor’ adt@v Tods évavrious idayv nplOunoev, GAN 6 Ovpos edOds tv apvvias: 570

* Geraestus, S.W. of Euboea, where was a temple of P. ; Sunium, S. of Attica.

» Phormio, the Athenian naval commander, distinguished for courage, honesty, and patriotism, and a popular hero. See Thuc. ii. 68-69 on a late victory of his. He seems to have been dead at this time.

* An embroidered robe, raised like a sail upon the mast

178

THE KNIGHTS, 551-570

Dread Poseidon, the Horseman’s King, Thou who lovest the brazen clash, Clash and neighing of warlike steeds ; Pleased to watch where the trireme speeds Purple-beaked, to the oar’s long swing, Winning glory (and pay) ; but chief Where bright youths in their chariots flash Racing (coming perchance to grief) ; Cronus’s son, Throned on Geraestus and Sunium @ bold, Swaying thy dolphins with trident of gold, Come, O come, at the call of us ; Dearest to Phormio ® thou, Yea and dearest to all of us, Dearest to all of us now.

Let us praise our mighty fathers, men who ne’er would quake or quail, Worthy of their native country, worthy of Athene’s veil ¢ ; Men who with our fleets and armies everywhere the victory won, And adorned our ancient city by achievements nobly done. Never stayed they then to reckon what the numbers of the foe, At the instant that they saw him, all their thought was At him go?!

of a ship, which was carried through the city at the great Panathenaea, and dedicated to Athena Polias on the Acropolis. The Knights took part in the procession, and are so represented on the Parthenon frieze. See 1180, B. 827. 4 The word, which happens also to be a proper name, is

used as an epithet according to its verbal meaning. 179

ARISTOPHANES

i / / ei 5€ mov méaovev és TOV Gmov ev paxn TUL, a > > 7 > »* 2 9 ~ 4 Ys rotr’ anefjaavt’ av, ir jpvodvro jun) TEeTTWKEVAL, ‘ ated GAAd SierdAaov abbis. Kat otparnyos ob dy els An \ ~ , 4 > > / A / - TaV mpd TOO aiTnow ATno Epdpevos KAcaiverov lon A vov § édv pt) mpocdpiav dépwor kal ra atria, 575 a a > an la / od paxetobai dacw. wpeis 8 akvodpev TH mod a a / mpotka ‘yevvaiws apvvew Kal Oeots eyxwpiots. ~ , Kal mpos ovK aiTodpev ovd€v, TARY TOTOUTOVE [LOVOY* qv mor eipyvn yévntra Kal mévwv Travowpeba, ‘ A A a / pt) P0ovei??” yypiv Koudor pnd’ ameotAeyyropevots. 580

® modobye IladAds, @ Ths tepwraryns ama- oGv, moAdum te Kal Toun- tais duvdper 0 trephepov- ons pedéovea xwpas, 585 Seip’ adixod AaBotoa tiv €v otpatiais Te Kal pdxals herépav Evvepyov Niknv, 7) xopuk@v éorw éraipa, tois 7 éxOpoto. pel? judy oracialer. 590

* Cleaenetus, father of Cleon. Our fathers did not apply to his father.

» The Knights wore their hair long: see 1121. To do so was regarded as aristocratic, or as Spartan, and disliked, 2 pe eenneace, a scraper or or\eyyis was used to scrape off the oil.

180

THE KNIGHTS, 571-590

If they e’er in desperate struggling on their shoulder chanced to fall, Quick they wiped away the dust-mark, swore they ne’er were thrown at all, Closed again in deadly grapple. None of all our generals brave Then had stooped a public banquet from Cleaenetus ®@ to crave. Now unless ye grant them banquets, grant precedence as their right, They will fight no more, they tell you. Our ambition is to fight Freely for our Gods and country, as our fathers fought before, No reward or pay receiving ; asking this and nothing more, When returning Peace shall set us free from all our warlike toil, Grudge us not our flowing ringlets,® . grudge us not our baths and oil.

Holy Pallas, our guardian Queen, Ruling over the holiest land, Land poetic, renowned, and strong, First in battle and first in song, Land whose equal never was seen, Come to prosper our Choral band ! Bring thou with thee the Maiden bright, Her who greets us in every fight, Victory ¢! She in the choir-competition abides with us, Always against our antagonists sides with us.

‘ is ane statue of Athene by Pheidias bore Victory in her and.

181

ARISTOPHANES

viv otv Sebpo ddvynbt: det

\ a > / a / yap Tots dvdpdo. Totode md- on TEXVN Topicat oe vi-

‘ ~ Knv €lep OTe Kal VoV.

& Evviopev Toiow tmmos, BovAdpec®” errawveoat. 595 aévot 8° elo’ edroyeiobar: toAAa yap 87) mpaypara / > € ~ > / \ / Evviunveyxav pel” tudv, eioBoAds Te Kal payas. GAAa Tay TH yH pev adr@v odv« adyav Oavpdloper, c ” 3 > ‘ ¢ 4 > /, > ~ ; ws Or els tas immaywyovs eicerndwv avdpuKds, / 4 ¢ A ‘ / A / mpidpevo, KwWOwvas, ot S€ Kal OKOpoda Kal Kpop- pve’ 600 ‘ / / @ € a ¢ ‘ elra tas Kwmas AaBdvres WoTep Tueis ot Bporot euBadrdovres aveBpvatav, immamat, tis euBaret; Anrréov wGAAov. Ti dpGpev; ovdK eAds, & capddpa; e€erjdwv 7 &s KéopwOov: efra 8 of vedrarou tais OmAais wputrov ebvas Kal METHOaY OTPHLATA* GOs »” A A /, > ‘ / a nobvov S€ tods mayovpouvs avti mroias Mndicijs, et tis e€€prrou Odpale, Kak Bvbod Onpudpevor-

dor edn Odwpos cimetv xapxivov KopivOvov:

* A reference to the campaign of Nicias against Corinth in the year before: Thuc. iv. 42-45.

» imrarai, for the sailors’ purmamai (W. 909, F’. 1078).

¢ Lit. “ lucerne.”

@ Unknown: the Schol. says a poet.

182

THE KNIGHTS, 591-608

Come, great Goddess, appear to us, Now, if ever, we pray,

Bring thou victory dear to us, Crown thine Horsemen to-day.

What we witnessed with our horses we desire to eulogize.* Worthy they of praise and honour ! many a deed of high emprize, Many a raid and battle-onset they with us have jointly shared. Yet their feats ashore surprise not, with their feats afloat compared, When they bought them cans and garlic, bought them strings of onions too, Leapt at once aboard the transports, all with manful hearts and true, Took their seats upen the benches, dipped their oar-blades in the sea, Pulled like any human beings, neighing out their Hippapae ® Pull my hearties, pull your strongest, don’t be shirking, Sigma-brand, Then they leapt ashore at Corinth, and the youngest of the band Hollowed with their hoofs their couches or for bedding searched about. And they fed on crabs, for clover,’ if they met one crawling out, Or detected any lurking in the Ocean’s deepest bed, Till at length a crab of Corinth, so Theorus @ tells us, said : 183

ARISTOPHANES

Sewd y’, & Idcedov, ef pj’ ev BvdG Svvjcopat, unre yh unr’ ev Oadrdrry, Siadvyeiv Tods taméas. 610

xo. @ didrar’ avdpdv Kal veavucwrare,

donv andv mapéoxes Hyutv ppovrida’

Kal viv éreid7) as eAjAvbas maAw,

dyyerov jpiv ms TO mpayp’ Hywviow. Aa. ti 8 dAdo y’ et xt) NuxdBovdos eyevounv; 615

=~ a / xo. vov dp déiv ye maolv éorw émoAoAvEa. [orp \ & Kada réywv, todd 8 a- pelvov” ett TOV Adywv > / > wf? > / épyaodpev’, <0” ézréd- Bois dmavTd po. cadds* ws eyw po Sox 620 ” A egi a Kav pakpav ddov dueABeiv 7 / dor axodaa. mpos 740’, @ Bed- / / > ¢ Ld tiote, Oappyoas Aéy’, ws a- mavtTes HOopEecOd cor. AA. kal piv aKxodoal y’ a&vov Trav mpayparwv. ed0ds yap adtob Karémw evOévd’ idunv: 625 c | iy he TEE > / > > A ” 6 8 ap evdov édaciBpovr’ avappynyvds En TEPATEVOMEVOS pede KATA TOV tmTéwv, Kpnpvods epeiiwy Kal Evvwydras Aéywv a] , f’- ¢ At ie 7 > > / miavital’: % BovdAn 8 dmac’ dxpowpevn 2: Ne > oe > ~ , , eyeve?’ im’ adrod pevdatpaddévos mréa, 630

* i.e, I am literally Nicobulus,” which was an Athenian name.

» This passage parodies the style of a tragic messenger’s speech.

184

THE KNIGHTS, 609-630

Hard it is, my Lord Poseidon, if the Knights we cannot flee Even in the depths of Ocean, angrhere by land or sea. [

nter the SAuSAGE-SELLER

cuor. Dearest of men, my lustiest, trustiest friend, Good lack! how anxious has your absence

made us ! But now that safe and sound you are come again, Say what has happened, and how went the fight. s.s. How else but thus? The Council-victor I.4

cuor. Now may we, joyous, raise the song of sacred praise. Fair the words you speak, but fairer Are the deeds you do. Far I'd go, This I know, But to hear them through. Now then tell us all the story, All that, where you went, befell ; Fearless be, Sure that we All delight in all you tell. s.s.0 Aye and ’tis worth the hearing. When behind him I reached the Council-chamber, there was he Crashing and dashing, hurling at the Knights Strange wonder-working thunder - driving words, Calling them all, with all-persuading force, Consprrators! And all the Council, hearing, Grew full of lying orach ¢ at his talk, ¢ Orach grows at a great pace; the hearers’ minds are as quickly filled with Cleon’s lies. 185

ARISTOPHANES

KaPrebe varv, Kal Ta weTwH avéotacer. / Kaywy dte 81) *yvwv evdexouevnv tods Adyous Kal tois devaxiopotow e€aTaTwperny, > > / aye 8&1) UKirado. cai Dévaxes, jv 8 eyo, Bepéoyefot te kat KdBadou kat Moéwr, > / > > cal ” > 5 50 > 7 ayopa 7, ev Hh mais wv eraidevOnv eye), viv pou Opdcos Kat yA@rrav <vmopov ddTe duviy 7 avadh. rtadra dpovrilovti jot ex defids dmémapde Katamvywv avip. Kaya mpooéKkvoa: Kata TH mpwKT@ Yevav \ /Q9 > /, > A / Thy KiykKXS’ e&jpaga, Kavaxavay peya 9 > , ’ > ‘ , avéxpayov' @ Bovdj, Adyous ayabods hépwv evayyeAicacba. mp&rov tyiv Bovropau- e€ od yap huiv 6 moAcuos Kareppayn, > / > > , Ss > , ovmuwmor advas eldov a€wwrépas. c > > / \ / / ot 8 edléws Ta mpdowma Steyadnvicav: a2 > / > > / > <7 cir’ e€oreddvovy p evayyédias Kayo *ppaca avrois amdéppnrov movnodpevos, TAaXv, ¢ ‘ > 7, > val \ > ~ wa Tas advas wvoivto moAAdas rovBoAod, Tov Snurovpyv ovddaBeiy ra TpvBAa. ot 8 dvexpdrynoav Kal mpos eu” exexrjvecav. 6 8 drovojoas, 6 IadAaydv, <idas 0 dpa Lid ofs 75€ 7) Bovdy padvora prHyaoww, / ” 4 ” a yraunv €rcev: avdpes, 7dn pou Soxel ‘ cal a €ml ovpdopais ayabaiow ecionyyeAnevats > / 4, e ‘ ~ ~ ~ evaryyeAra. Ovew ekarov Bots TH ed. emevevoev eis exeivov 1%) BovdAr) mddw, ” a, @& St > cal / c , Kkaywy ote On “yyw Tots BoXiTous Hhrrnpevos, 186

THE KNIGHTS, 631-658

Wore mustard looks, and puckered up their brows. So when I saw them taking in his words,

Gulled by his knavish tricks, Ye Gods, said I,

Ye Gods of knavery, Skitals, and Phenaces,*

And ye Beresceths, Cobals, Mothon, and

Thou Agora, whence my youthful training came,

Now give me boldness and a ready tongue

And shameless voice !_ And as I pondered thus,

I heard a loud explosion on my right,?

And made my reverence ; then I dashed apart

The railing-wicket, opened wide my mouth,

And cried aloud, O Council, I have got

Some lovely news which first I bring to you.

For never, never, since the War broke out,

Have I seen pilchards cheaper than to-day.

They calmed their brows and grew serene at once, And crowned me for my news ; and I suggested, Bidding them keep it secret, that forthwith,

To buy these pilchards, many for a penny,

’*Twere best to seize the cups in all the shops.

They clapped their hands, and turned agape to me. But Paphlagon perceived, and well aware

What kind of measures please the Council best, Proposed a resolution ; Sirs, quoth he,

I move that for these happy tidings brought,

One hundred beeves be offered to Athene.

The Council instantly inclined to him.

So, overpowered with cow-dung, in a trice

@ Goblin names; nothing is known of =x. or. Bep., but évaxes means spirits of treachery, Ké8ado, of vulgar im- pudence, Mé@wves, of drunkenness and bestiality: ¢f. the English goblins, Flibbertigibbet, Fillpotts, Obidicut, Hob- bididence.

» A sneeze on the right was lucky, and was greeted by a reverence.

187

ARISTOPHANES

Sinxooinot Bovoly bmepnKdvtica*

Ti 8 ’Aypotépa Kata xiwdy mapiveoa 680 Evy} Tronoacbar xysdpwy etcavptor,

ai Tpixides et yevoial’ éxarov todBodod. exapadoknaev eis eu 7 Bovdy madw.

6 S€ tatr’ axovcas éexmdAayels efdAnvada.

Ka0’ cidxov adrov of mpuTdveis xot To€OTaL. 665 ot & bopvBovv repli trav advwy éoTnkdrTes*

6 8 jvriBodre y’ adrods ddiyov peivar xpovov,

w’ atl’ 6 Kipv€ ovK Aaxedaipovos A€yer mv0noO: adixrar yap mept omovdav, A€ywr.

of 8° &€ évos oTdpatos dmavres avéKpayov' _—670 vuvl meplt orovddv; émedy y’, @ pére, jolovro Tas advas map iuiv a€ias;

od deducba orovddv: 6 mdAEwos épmeTH. exekpadyeody Te Tos mpuTdvers advevat:

cil” breperjdwv Tods Spuddkrovs mavTaxn. 675 eya dé Ta Kopiavy’ empidpnv drodpayev dmavta Td Te yrrev 60° hv ev tayopa:

erreita. Tats apvais edidovy 7dvopara

amopodow adtois mpoika, Kaxapilounv.

ot & dbrepemyvouv vreperUrmalov TE pe 680 dmavtes ovtws ware Tv BovdAjy oAnv

6BoAob Kopidvvors avadaBwv éAjdAvba.

XO. mdvTa To mémpayas ola xpi) Tov edTuxobvTa” [ava edpe 5° 6 mavodpyos éTe- pov moAd travoupylats : 685 peilCoo. KeKacpevor,

* There was a temple of Athena Huntress on the Ilissus, where 500 goats were sacrificed yearly in memory of Marathon.

188

a

<< eee

THE KNIGHTS, 659-685

I overshot him with two hundred beeves.

And vow, said I, to slay to-morrow morn,

If pilchards sell one hundred for an obol,

A thousand she-goats to our huntress Queen.*

Back came their heads, expectantly, to me.

He, dazed at this, went babbling idly on ;

So then the Prytanes and the Archers ® seized him.

And they stood up, and raved about the pil- chards ;

And he kept begging them to wait awhile

And hear the tale the Spartan envoy brings ;

He has just arrived about a peace, shrieked he.

But all the Council with one voice exclaimed,

What! wow about a peace? No doubt, my man,

Now they’ve heard pilchards are so cheap at Athens !

We want no truces ; let the War go on!

With that, Dismiss us, Prytanes! shouted they ;

And overleaped the railings everywhere.

And I slipped out, and purchased all the leeks

And all the coriander in the market ;

And as they stood perplexed, I gave them all

Of my free bounty garnish for their fish.

And they so praised and purred about me, that

With just one obol’s worth of coriander

I’ve all the Council won, and here I am.

cuor. What rising men should do

Has all been done by you He, the rascal, now has met a Bigger rascal still,

> Scythian archers were the Athenian police. 189

TIA.

ARISTOPHANES

Kal ddAoue qrovuktAots, pyacty ” atptArous. GAN Srrws deycoveet pov- Tile tamiAoum dpiora" ovppudxous 8° ads exwv ev- vous emloTacat mada. 690

Kal p7Vv 0 IlagpAayeov ovToat TpooepxeTat,

wOdv Koddxupa Kal Taparroy | Kal KuK@y,

ws 51) KAT aM pLEvOs pe. poppes TOO Opdcovs.

el pn o dmohécayy’, el Te TOV adTav epol

yevd@v evein, Siatrécow TavTaxy. 695

jaOnv damerais, eyéhaca poroxopmias,

dmemvddpioa pobwva, TEPLEKOKKVOE.

ov Tou pa TI Anjpntp’ , av pn o exddyw

ex Thode Tis YAS, oddérore Buscopar.

iv pe) "KPAYNS 5 eye dé y’, Hv pH o exmiw, 700

Kar expopnaas | avros ériB.appayd.

dmoX® ae v1) TV Tmpoedpiav TI ex IlvAov.

idod mpoedpiav: ofov dysopai o° eyw

ex THs mpocdpias eaxatrov Oewdpevov.

ev T@ EvAw Siow ce v7) TOV ovpaver. 7105

ws o€v0vpos. pepe ti cor 8H Karadayeiv;

: ame} ~ / Lid a ae > 4 ‘

emi T@ dayous Hover av; emi BaddAavriw;

e€apmdoouat cov Tois ovugs TavTepa.

amovuxi@ gov tav IIpuraveiw ouria.

Ld \ ‘ ~ ¢ ~ ,

el€w oe mpos Tov Shuov, va ds pou diknv. 710

> \ / a. @ \ ~ /

kayw b€ o° El€w Kal dvaBaA@ mAeiova.

> > > / \ \ ] \ /

add’, & movnpe, coi pev oddev rreifera:

* i.e. “to swallow me up,” a sense which xaramlyw commonly bears.

» apoedpia, a front seat in the theatre, was often awarded as an honour for public service.

190

PAPH.

PAPH.

8.8.

PAPH.

8.8.

PAPH.

8.8.

PAPH.

S.S.

PAPH.

S.S.

PAPH.

THE KNIGHTS, 686-712

Full of guile Plot and wile, Full of knavish skill. Mind you carry through the conflict In the same undaunted guise. Well you know Long ago We're your faithful true allies. See here comes Paphlagon, driving on before him A long ground-swell, all fuss and fury, thinking To drink me up.* Boh! for your impudent bluster. O if I’ve any of my old lies left, And don’t destroy you, may I fall to bits ! I like your threats ; I’m wonderfully tickled To hear you fume ; I skip and cuckoo around ou. O be De merce, if I eat you not Out of the land, I'll never live at all. You won't? Nor I, unless I drink you up, And swill you up, and burst myself withal. I'll crush you, by my Pylus-won precedence.® Precedence, is it? I’m in hopes to see you In the last tier, instead of here in front. By Heaven, I’ll clap you in the public stocks. How fierce it’s growing! what would it like to eat? What is its favourite dainty ? Money-bags ? ¢ I'll tear your guts out with my nails, I will. I'll scratch your Town Hall dinners out, I will. I'll hale you off to Demus ; then you ll catch it. Nay, I'll hale you, and then out-slander you. Alack, poor chap, he pays no heed to you,

° The Attic idiom is écOlew dor émt cirw, ete., the last being the main fare.

Ad

19]

ARISTOPHANES

eyw 8 éxeivov KatayeA® y’ daov bédw. AA. ws odddpa od Tov Shov ceavTod vevouuKas. TIA. emiotapar yap adrov ois wpilerar. < | a AA. Ka0’ Womep ai titOar ye oirilers KaKds. pacwpevos yap TH pev oAtyov evribess, abros 8 éxeivov TpimAdo.ov KatTéoTaKas. ma. kat vy Av bd ye Se€vstntos THs euAs dvvajar mroveiy Tov Shywov evpdv Kal oTevov. 720 AA. xe TPWKTOS. obpos TouToyl aopileTat. TIA. ovK, dy al , ev Bovdn pe dd€es KabuBpioa. iwuev eis Tov Shpov. AA. ovdey kwhbeu' Sov, Badile, pndev yds ioxyérw. ma. @ Ane, Setp’ eedGe. AA. vi AV, ® marep, 725 e€eADe OT’: TIA. & Anpidiov, & didratov, efeA0”, wv’ cidfis ofa mepwBpilopar. AHMO%. tives ot Bodvres; odK amit amd Ths Ovpas ; Vv etpeovevny poov kateomapagare. Tis, @ TladAaydy, aouKel oe; TIA. dua oe TUrTOpat 730 bm TovTovl Kal THY veaviokwy. AHMO2. TUR S TIA. OTt?) Pird a, & Aip’, epaoris 7° eiut ods AHMOS. ov 8 ef tis éreov; AA. dvrepaori)s rovrout, €pa@v adda cov, BovdAdpevos té a” €b move,

@ As nurses do for their children. ®’ An olive-branch decked out with wool and various 192 .

S.S. PAPH. S.S. PAPH, S.S. PAPH. S.S.

PAPH. 8.8.

PAPH.

DEMUS.

PAPH.

DEMUS. PAPH. DEMUS. 8s.

harvest

THE KNIGHTS, 713-734

But I can fool him to my heart’s content. How sure you seem that Demus is your own ! Because I know the titbits he prefers. And feed him badly as the nurses do. You chew, and pop a morsel in his mouth,* But thrice as much you swallow down yourself. And I’m so dexterous-handed, I can make Demus expand, and then contract again. I can do that with many things, I trow. "Twon’t be like bearding me in the Council now ! No, come along to Demus. Aye, why not? I’m ready ; march; let nothing stop us now. O Demus, come out here. O yes, by Zeus, Come out, my father. Dearest darling Demus, Come out, and hear how they’re ill-treating me ! What’s all this shouting? go away, you fellows. You’ve smashed my harvest-garland? all to bits ! Who wrongs you, Paphlagon ? He, and these young men, Keep beating me because of you. Why so? Because I love you and adore you, Demus. (To 8.8.) And who are you? A rival for your love. Long have I loved, and sought to do you good,

fruits, carried in the harvest procession and then

hung over the house door; W. 399. VOL. I oO 193

ARISTOPHANES

dAAot te ToANol Kal Kadoi re Kayabol. GAN ody ofoi 7’ éopev Sid Tovrovi. od yap Gpowos ef Tots maucl Tois Epwpevots: rovs pev Kadovs Te Kayabods od mpoodéexer, cavtov 8 AvyvoTAavow Kat vevpoppddots Kat oxutoTopos Kat BupcommAaow didws. TA. €0 yap mo Tov Sipov. AA. elé vuv, TL Sp@v; - MA. 6 TL; TOV OTpaTnyov brodpapwrv, Tods ex IlvAov, mAcvoas éxeice, Tors Adkwvas Hya'yov. AA. ey Sé mepimatav y’ an’ épyaornpiov éysovtos éTépov tiv xUTpav dperAdunv. PA, Kal py tomoas abtixa pad’ éxxdAnoiar, & Aj’, wv’ «ids omdrepos v@v eori aor evvovorepos, Sudkpwov, wa Tobdrov PiAjs. AA. val val Sudkpwov dfra, wAnv pa) ’v TH TuKV. AHMOS. ovK av Kabiloiuny ev adAAw xwpio- GAN’ cis TO mpdabe xpr Tapiev” és THY TUKVG. AA. olor Kakodalpwv, ws amoAwA’. 6 yap yépwv olor pev avdp@v €or. de€vdhratos, étav 8 emt TavTnot Kabra. THs méTpas, Kéxnvev WoTrep euTrodilwy ioyadas.

a , / “ /, > / ~ xo. vov 87 oe mavra Set KdAwv e&vévar ceavtod, \ a 4 a ‘ / > + A Kal Aja Oovpiov dopetvy Kal Adyous advKrous, Gtovot TOVd’ brrepBadre?. zoixidos yap avip

* An allusion to Hyperbolus: 1315, C. 1065.

> adpir’ és 7d mpbcbe was the formula of the Crier to summon citizens within the space purified for the sitting.

¢ The meaning is differently explained, but remains uncertain: stringing figs, playing at bob-fig, or treading figs into cases.

4 Demus now takes his seat as the audience in the mimic Pnyx, and the orators take their places.

194

THE KNIGHTS, 735-758

With many another honest gentleman,

But Paphlagon won't let us. You yourself,

Excuse me sir, are like the boys with lovers.

The honest gentlemen you won't accept,

Yet give yourself to lantern-selling chaps,?

To sinew-stitchers, cobblers, aye and tanners. PAPH. Because I am good to Demus.

Ps.s. Tell me how.

> ay

papH. “Iwas I slipped in before the general there And sailed to Pylus, and brought back the Spartans. ss. | And | walked round, and from the workshop stole A mess of pottage, cooked by someone else. papH. Come, make a full Assembly out of hand, O Demus, do ; then find which loves you best, And so decide, and give that man your love.

ss. O Demus, do. Not in the Pnyx however.

pemuvs. Aye, in the Pnyx, not elsewhere will I sit. So forward all, move forward to the Pnyx.®

$8.8. O luckless me, I’m ruined! The old fellow

Is, when at home, the brightest man alive ; But once he sits upon his rock, he moons With open mouth, as one who gapes for figs.¢

cHor.? Now loosen every hawser,? now speed your bark along, And mind your soul is eager, and mind your words are strong, No subterfuge admitting ;

the man has many a trick

¢ More accurately, loosen the ropes that hold up or reef the sail; a long rope is still used to loop up the corner of the sail in the Levant.

195

ARISTOPHANES

Kae TOV dun xaverv mopous edpunxavos mopilew. mpos TA00” Srrws eer moAds Kal Aapmpos es TOV avopa.. 7 GAA puddrrov, Kal mpw éxetvov mpooKetobai aot, TMpOTEpov av tovs deAdivas petewpilov Kal THY akaTov mapa- BadMov. THA. 7h peev Seomoivy "AOnvaiy, Th THs mOoAews pedeovon, euxopar, el pev mept Tov diuov tov “AOnvaiwy yeyevnpian BéArioros avip pera Avo kal Kuvvav Kal LahaBaxyo, 7 Womrep vuvt undev dpdoas Seurveiv ev T@ Ipuravei@- el O€ ce puc® Kal pt) wept ood padyojuat povos avTiBeBynkws, dmrodoiunv Kat Svampicbeinv Karatunbeiny Te dérradva. AA. Kkaywy’, & Aj’, ef uy ce Pid Kat pan orepyw, Karatpnbeis époiunv €v mepiKoppartiois: Kel pn TovTOLOL qTETTOL as, 7 él TavTnoL Kkaraxvnobeiny € EV MUTTWT® [ETO Tupod, Kal TH Kpedy pa TOV Opximéda@v — wl és epaperxor. TA. Kal 7Hs av euod paArdv oe dildv, & Afipe, yévouro moNirns ; ds mpOra wév, Hix’ €BovAevdv oor, xphuara mAetor amédevéa

* Masses of lead or iron in the shape of fish, hung from the yards and dropped upon the enemy ship: Thue. vii. 41. 2.

» See note on 132. Instead of ‘‘ the best. since Pericles and Themistocles,” he names a demagogue and two courtesans.

196

PAPH.

PAPH.

THE KNIGHTS, 759-774

From hopeless things, in hopeless times, a hopeful course to pick. Upon him with a whirlwind’s force, impetuous, fresh and quick. But keep on his movements a watch ; and be sure that before he can deal you a blow, You hoist to the mast your dolphins,* and cast your vessel alongside the foe. To the Lady who over the city presides, to our mistress Athene, I pray If beyond all the rest I am stoutest and best, in the service of Demus to-day, Except Salabaccho, and Cynna the bold, and Lysicles ’—then in the Hall May I dine as of late at the cost of the State for doing just nothing at all. But O if I hate you, nor stride to the van to protect you from woes and mishaps, Then slay me, and flay me, and saw me to bits, ; to be cut into martingale straps.° And I, if I love you not, Demus, am game ‘to be slaughtered by chopping and mincing, And boiled in a sausage-meat pie; and if THatT is, you think, not entirely convincing, Let me here, if you please, with a morsel of cheese, upon this to a salad be grated, Or to far Cerameicus be dragged through the streets with my flesh-hook, and there be cremated. O Demus, how can there be ever a man who loves you as dearly as I? When on me you relied your finances to guide, your Treasury never was dry,

© The breast-bands fastening the yoke. 197

ARISTOPHANES

> ~ ~ \ \ r ~ ‘ 8 A

év TH Kow®@, Tos ev oTpePADv, Tovs 0 ayxwv, tovs S€ peraitdv, 77 > , ~ ) an > / > A , od dpovtilwy Tav idwwT@v ovdeves, Et cot xapLoimny. ~ a > AY aso, AA. TodTo pev, @ Afjy’, oddev ceuvov: Kaya yap TovTO /

oe Spdow. > / dpralwy yap tovs aprouvs aot tovs aAAoTtpious Tmapabjow.

ws 5° odyi didrct a 08d’ gar’ evvous, Toor’ avTo ce mpata dvddéw, GANv 7 Sia tobr’ avl’ dtij cov tis avOpakids arroAaveu. 78 aé yap, ds Mrdoror dieEipiow epi ths xwpas Mapafdv, Kal viknoas Hiv peydAws eyyAwtrotumeiy map- édwkas, émt tatow métpais od dpovriler oxAnp@s oe Kab- HpEvov OUTWS, > e afin « , / ‘ / > 3 ovx WoTep eyw parpdpevds cor TouTl dépw. GAA emravaipou, > Hi r ~ @ A iB A > Kdta Kabilov parakds, wa ph TpiBys thy ev LaAapive. 78 »” r ~ ” ~ e AHMOZ. avOpwre, tis ef; pwadv eyyovos eb tHv “Appo- diov Tis exelvwr; TovTd yé Toi cov Totpyov adAnfds yevvaiov Kat piAddynpov. . TA. Ws amd pmuKpOv evvovs abt Owrevpariwy yeye- vnoat. AA. Kal od yap adbrov odd puxpotépots TovTwr Seded= opacw eldes.

* Literally, “‘ to mint phrases about.” > The Pnyx. ° This passage satirizes the doles and indulgences by which Cleon courted favour.

198

THE KNIGHTS, 775-789

1 was begging of these, whilst those I would squeeze and rack to extort what was due, And nought did I care how a townsman might fare, so long as I satisfied you. s.s. Why, Demus, there’s nothing to boast of in that ; to do it I’m perfectly able. I’ve only to steal from my comrade a meal, and serve it up hot on your table. And as for his loving and wishing you well, it isn’t for you that he cares, Excepting indeed for the gain that he gets, and the snug little fire that he shares. Why you, who at Marathon fought with the Medes, for Athens and Hellas contending, And won the great battle, and left us a theme for our songs and our speeches unending,* He cares not a bit that so roughly you sit on the rocks,® nor has dreamed of providing Those seats with the thing I have stitched you and bring. Just lift yourself up and subside in This ease-giving cushion for fear you should gall what at Salamis sat by the oar.° pemus. Whoare you? [opine you are sprung from the line of Harmodius 4 famous of yore ; So noble and Demus-relieving ¢ an act I never have witnessed before ! papH. O me, by what paltry attentions and gifts you contrive to attract and delude him ! s.s. “Iwas by baits that are smaller and poorer than mine, you rascal, you hooked and subdued him.

4 Harmodius and Aristogeiton, the traditional founders of Athenian freedom. ¢ edvouvs 7 Syuw is the regular phrase for a loyal citizen, used in honorific inscriptions. 199

ARISTOPHANES

MA. Kal piv el mod tis avnp epavyn TO SH paddov

apvveov 79 a lon a \ a s a }) paArov éu06 ce drdv, eOdAw repli Tis KepadArs meprooobar. ral a ~ cal > yee is F a AA. Kal 7s ov dircis, ds TobTov 6pHv oikobyT ev Tats mubdKvator + > Kal yurapiois Kal mupyidlois éros Oydoov ovK eXeaipets, > S GAAd KabeipEas adbrov PBrirreis: “ApyemroAeuou S¢ pé€povTos \ a > / \ , > > Thy elpyvnv e€eoxédacas, Tas mpeoPelas T aa- eAavvets 79 > ~ / ¢ / a ‘A A €x Tis moAcws pabarvyilwv, at Tas omovdas mpo- Kadobvrat. : mA. Wa y ‘EMyjvwv dpén mavrwv. €or yap ev Tots Aoyiovow ®s todrov Set mor ev ’Apxadia mevtwBddov HAvdoacOax, bal > , , > eee | , a, ‘ qv avapeivyn* mavtws 8 adrov Opepw “ya Kat Jeparrevow,

eEcupioxwy ed Kal piapds o7dbev 76 Tpi@Bodov E€et. 80 > 7 as \ 93 , , AA. ovx Wa y’ apyn pa A’ ’ApKadias mpovoovpevos, GAN iva waddov A A c 4, ‘ ~ A ~ / od prev apmdlys Kal Swpodoxhs Tapa Tav ToAcwr* 6 5é Shuos

* The war began in 431 B.c., according to our historians ; but Seatenlen ideas as to the date were vague. See A. 266, 890,

» An allusion to the crowding of refugees into Athens in the oS op arin a War; Thue. ii. 52.

* See 327: Spartan proposals for peace were rejected, when the Spartan troops were first shut up in Sphacteria, Thue. iv. 21-22. We know nothing of A, in this debate, but his name makes a pun, “ Delawarr offers peace.”

200

THE KNIGHTS, 790-802

papH. Was there ever a man since the City began who for Demus has done such a lot, Or fought for his welfare so stoutly as I? I will wager my head there is not. s.s. You love him right well who permit him to dwell eight ¢ years in the clefts of the City, In the nests of the vulture, in turrets and casks,? nor ever assist him or pity, But keep him in durance to rifle his hive ; and that is the reason, no doubt, Why the peace which, unsought, Archeptolemus ° brought, you were quick from the city to scout And as for the embassies coming to treat, you spanked them and chivied them out. papu. That over all Hellas our Demus may rule ; for do not the oracles say, He will surely his verdicts in Arcady give, receiving five obols a day,@ If he grow not aweary of fighting ? Meanwhile, it is I who will nourish and pet him, And always the daily triobol he earns, unjustly or justly I'll get him. 8.8. No not that o’er Arcady Demus may rule, but rather that you might essay To harry and plunder the cities at will, while Demus is looking away, 4 Five obols was a common daily wage for labour. Cleon’s

glorious aim is to add two obols to the three obols of the dicasts’ pay, and so make work unnecessary.

201

ARISTOPHANES

bid Tob moAéwou Kai THs OuixAns & mavoupyets p17 Kkabopa gov, > ae ee oe SN a \ , \ ~ 4 GAN dn’ dvayKns dpa Kal xpelas Kat prob0d mpos Ge KEXT)V7). ei 5€ mor eis aypov obtos dmeAOaw ecipnvaios diarpiy, 8¢ A lal \ > / A Yi > Kal xidpa daywv davabappyjon Kat oreudtAw eis Adyov €APn, yvioetar olwv ayabdv atbrov tH prolopopa

TApeKOTTOV, ei” 7&eu cou Spysds aypoukos, KaTa od Thy WHpov iyvedov.

a \ / / a. ~ a a a od yuyyvdoxwy Tovd’ eEaraTds, Kal dveuporroActs mept cavToo. MA. ovKovv Sewov tavti oe Adyew SAT’ Ear ewe Kal SvaBdaAAew 8] \ > / ‘ A ~ / , mpos ’A@nvaious Kat Tov Shor, memounKora TA€ctova A xpnora \ \ A / 0) Xr / AA ~ \ A vy thv Ajpntpa OeporokA€ovs moAA@ aepi tTHv moAw 707; AA. @ moAis “Apyous, KAveD” ofa Eyer. od Oepoto- KAei avrihepilers ; a > , \ / ¢ ~ 4 ¢ A > ~ 6s Erroinoev THY TOAW HUL@V eoT HV, edpav emiyerAh, Kal mpos TovTots aprotwon Tov Ileipard mpocewager, 81

* This is just what Thucydides says, v. 16.

>» The Greek means “countryman,” but R. thinks dypeurhs should be read.

¢ Themistocles caused the Peiraeus to be founded, the walls of harbour and city to be built, and the fleet to be made great. No doubt the Long Walls were part of the plan ; and T. is given credit for them in 815.

4 This phrase is from Euripides’ Telephus, and xdve0’ ola Aéyet from Medea 168.

202

THE KNIGHTS, 803-815

And the war with the haze and the dust that you raise is obscuring your actions from view,* And Demus, constrained by his wants and his pay, is a gaping dependent on you. But if once to the country in peace he returns, away from all fighting and fusses, And strengthens his system with furmety there, and a confect of olive discusses, He will know to your cost what a deal he has lost, while the pay you allowed him he drew, And then, like a hunter,? irate he will come on the trail of a vote against you. You Know it; and Demus you swindle with dreams, crammed full of yourself and your praises.

paPu. It is really distressing to hear you presume

to arraign with such scurrilous phrases Before the Athenians and Demus a man who more for the city has done Than e’er by Demeter Themistocles ¢ did who glory undying has won. O city of Argos ! 4 yourself would you match with mighty Themistocles, him Who made of our city a bumper indeed, though he found her scarce filled to the brim,? Who, while she was lunching, Peiraeus threw in, as a dainty additional dish,f

¢ xei\os, the rim of a vessel, was of some depth; émixeXjs, marks that the liquid touched the lower edges of the rim, drepxehyjs, that the cup is quite full (not running over).

* “ Kneaded it into one with the city’: a reference to the Long Walls. Scholiast.

203

ARISTOPHANES

adedrdv 7 oddev Tdv dpxaiwy ix86s Kawods map- nke.

ad 8 ’APnvaious elrrnoas puxpotroAiras amopivat Siareryilwv Kal ypnopwdadv, 6 OeporoKAd ayte-

depilwv. a ~ 4 ee | / KaKeivos pev devyer tiv yqv, od 8 “AyWreiwv GTOMaTTEL. ” \ A > /, s a? > / > ¢ A MA. ovKovy TavTl Sewov aKxovew, @ Af’, €oTiv ph vio ToUTov, 82 éTin ce Prd; ~ AHMO. mad mad’, odtos, Kal pt) oxepBoAde movnpa. moArod Sé moAdy pe xpdvov Kal viv €AcAjbes eyxpudpialwv. 4 - / ‘ a lot AA. puapwratos, ® Anuaxkidiov, kal 7Aciora tavotpya dedpakeds, o- 9 ~ \ ‘ ‘ omérav xaopuad, Kal tods Kavdods tov ed0vvdv éxxavrAiCwv 82)

Katappoyxbiler, Kapdotv xerpoiv povoTiAdras TOv Snpociwv.

TIA. od xaipycets, GAAd oe KAerrovl? aipjow "ya tpets pupiddas. AA, ti Oararroxoreis Kal mAatvyiles, 83

puapwratos Mv tepl Tov Shwov ‘ > Ul / > 3 / tov “A@nvaiwy; Kai o” éemdeiEw

wn THY Anpntp’, 7 pn Cony,

* Some unknown building project of Cleon’s. See W, 41. 204

THE KNIGHTS, 816-833

Who secured her the old, while providing untold and novel assortments of fish 3 Whilst you, with your walls of partition forsooth,* and the oracle-chants which you hatch, Would dwarf and belittle the city again, who yourself with Themistocles match ! And he was.an exile, but you upon crumbs Achilléan ® your fingers are cleaning. paPH. Now is it not monstrous that I must endure accusations so coarse and unmeaning, And all for the love that I bear you? DEMUS. Forbear ! no more of your wrangle and row ! Toolong have your light-fingered tricks withmy bread °¢ my notice escaped until now. 8.S. He’s the vilest of miscreants, Demus, and works more mischief than any, I vow. While you're gaping about, he is picking from out Of the juiciest audit the juiciest sprout, And devours it with zest ; while deep in the chest Of the public exchequer both hands are addressed To ladling out cash for himself, I protest. papH. All this you'll deplore when it comes to the fore That of drachmas you stole thirty thousand or more. s.s... Why make such a dash with your oar-blades, and thrash The waves into foam with your impotent splash ? "Tis but fury and sound; and you'll shortly be found The worst of the toadies who Demus surround. And proof I will give, or I ask not to live,

> Bread made from the finest barley; ‘*the peerless Achilles” of barley, such as was served at the Prytaneium.

¢ &pros éyxpudlas was bread baked in the ashes, perhaps of an inferior kind.

205

XO.

ARISTOPHANES

Swpodoxnoavr éx MervdArjvns

>| cal ”“ lod / mAeiv 1) vas TETTAPAKOVTA. 83

~ ] / > & mwaow avOpadrois davels péeyvorov wpeAnua, [av ~ ~ > / > A @Q> > , (nrAB oe Ths ebyAwtrias. ei yap Bd’ emotceis, péyrotos “EAAjvw écer, Kal povos KabeEers Tay TH TOAEL, TOV Evppdxev 7° apes Exwv Tpiaway, e \ / Aled 7, , \ / fi moMAd xpypuar” epydcer ceiwy TE Kal TapaTTW”. 8 Kal pun) weO As Tov avdp’, érrevd7) aor AaByv SédwKev* 7 KatTepydce: yap padlws, mAcupas éxwy Towavras. > > / Pe ee Zz ta \ A nn ovk, Wyaboi, Tabr’ eori mw Tavrn wa Tov Llooed. €uol ydp €or eipyacpevov TowotTov éepyov wore € 4, A > \ > \ > / anatdnavras Tovs euovds exOpods emvoropilew, éws av 7 TOV doridwy trav éx IlvAov te Aoumov. > 7 > a > / A \ > LA errioxes ev tais aotiow: AaBiv yap evdddwkas. > / ane a ” a A ~ > , od ydp o° éxpiy, eimep dircis Tov Sjpwov, €k mpovolas ravras eav adroto. Trois mépratw avareOjvar. GAN’ €oti robrT’, d Afjwe, unxavnp’, wv”, Av od BovAy 8

Tov avdpa KoAdoat TovTovi, Gol TodTO pu) “yyevynTat.

@ Allusion unknown. After the M. revolt of 428, Cleon carried a motion to kill all the male population, afterwards partly re- scinded : Thue. iii, 50.

» A metaphor from wrestling.

¢ The shields of the Spartan prisoners from Sphacteria were hung up in the Painted Colonnade.

206

Fr i ee ee a

CHOR.

PAPH.

S.S.

THE KNIGHTS, 834-851

That a bribe by the Mitylenaeans was sent,* Forty minas and more ; to your pockets it went. O sent to all the nation a blessing and a boon ! O wondrous flow of language ! Fight thus, and you'll be soon The greatest man in Hellas, and all the State command, And rule our faithful true allies, a trident in your hand, Wherewith you'll gather stores of wealth, by shaking all the land. And if he lend you once a hold, then never let him go; With ribs like these you ought with ease to subjugate the foe. O matters have not come to that, my very worthy friends ! I’ve done a deed, a noble deed, a deed which so transcends All other deeds, that all my foes of speech are quite bereft, While any shred of any shield, from Pylus brought, is left. Halt at those Pylian shields of yours ! a lovely hold you’re lending.® For if you really Demus love, what meant you by suspending Those shields with all their handles on, for action ready strapped ? ¢ O Demus, there’s a dark design within those handles wrapped, And if to punish him you seek, those shields will bar the way.

207

ARISTOPHANES

dpas yap att oridos ofdv éort BupcomwmAdv veaviav: tovtous S¢ mepioixobar peAtrom@Aaut ~ ~ , Kat TupoT@Aa* Tobro 8 cis Ev e€oTt ovyKeKupes. wot et od Bpysnoao kal Breberas dorpakwda, 8 / 4, za) \ > is 62 vUKTwWp KaTaoTdoavTes av Tas aomidas OéovTes Fol ¢ ~ tas eloBodas Tdv aAditwy av KkataAdBovev Hudv. ” ¥ ” A / 8 /

AHMOS. olor TdAas* Exovor yap mopmaKkas; @ mdvype,

Saov Pe TapeKOTTOV xpovoy ToLadTa KpovoLonUaV. ~ > > a

mA. @ Sadie, pt) TOO A€yovros tab, und’ oinPFs 8 €uod of” cipyjcew didrov Bedrtiov’: Goris els av éravoa Tovs Evvwporas, Kai pw’ od AeAnBev oddev év TH oA Evviordpevov, add’ dOéws Kexpaya.

Ld A c \ > / 7 /

AA. O7ep yap ot Tas eyxéAeus Onpedpevot mémovOas. orav pev 7 Aiuvyn KataoTh, AauBdvovow ovdev- 8 oA Pe \ , \ Le ~ éav 8° avw te Kal Kdtw tov BépBopov KuK@ow,

¢ “~ \ \ / “ \ / / aipodo.: Kat od AapPavers, Hv THY TOAW Taparrys.

a yee , YG ~ a €V 8 €lTE [LOL TODOVTOVL* GKUTY TODAUTA TwAdv,

* An allusion to the practice of “ ostracizing” or banishing a too powerful citizen, in which the voting was carried out by inscribing the name on a potsherd. Aristophanes, however, by way of jest calls it dcrpaxivéa, a game.

» els8ohai would naturally refer to such “passes” as those be- tween Boeotia and Attica. Here, however, ‘*no very definite locality is indicated, but the general meaning would point to the

ates through which the imported barley would enter Athens rom the Peiraeus”: R.

208

DEMUS.

PAPH.

VOL.

THE KNIGHTS, 852-868

You see the throng of tanner-lads he always keeps in pay, And round them dwell the folk who sell their honey and their cheeses ; And these are all combined in one, to do whate’er he pleases. And if the oyster-shelling game you seem inclined to play,? They'll come by night with all their might and snatch those shields away, And then with ease will run and seize the passes of—your wheat.® Oh, are the handles really there ? You rascal, what deceit Have you so long been practising that Demus you may cheat? Pray don’t be every speaker’s gull, nor dream you'll ever get A better friend than I, who all conspiracies upset. Alone I crushed them all, and now, if any plots are brewing Within the town, I scent them down, and raise a grand hallooing. O ay, you're like the fisher-folk, » the men who hunt for eels, Who when the mere is still and clear catch nothing for their creels, But when they rout the mud about and stir it up and down, "Tis then they do; and so do you, when you perturb the town. But answer me this single thing : you sell a lot of leather,

I P 209

ARISTOPHANES

eSwkas 7n TOUTwL KaTTULA Tapa GeavTOD Tais eupaow, packwv pirciv; ~ ,

AHMOS. ov OnTa pa Tov ’AmdAdw.

AA. €yvwKas obv dir’ abrov olds éorw; add’ eya cou ledyos mpidpevos euBddwv toutt dopeiy Sidwp.

~ >

AHMOZ. Kpivw 0° dowv éy@da epi Tov Shwov avdp aptoTov etvovoratov Te TH TOAc Kal Totor SaxTvAoLoW.

IA. o¥ Sewov odv S47’ eubddas tocovrovi divacbat, > ~ A \ / ” Ld / a euod dé pr) pvelavy éxew Sowv mémovbas; dotis

2 fy ézavoa Tovs Bwovpevous, Tov I'pdrrov e€aAeixpas.

AA. ovKovv oe Sijra Tatra Sewdv €oTe mpwKToTHpEl,

ol , madoaiteTovs Bwoupevous ; KodK €08? drws eKEivous oernk ~ ” 7 A ce 4 . t ovxt dbovdv Eravoas, wa py pHropes yevowTo. Tovol 8 dpdv dvev xiT@vos ovta THAuKOOTOY, > , > > / A ~ 7f¢/ obrwmor audysacxydAov tov Afjpov n€iwoas, ~ + > > > , ‘ / xXey@vos Ovtos: GAN’ eyes cou TovTovi didwmpt.

AHMOS. ToLvovTovi MeuroroKAfs obmwmor emevonoer.

/ ‘ > a> e v4 ” , Kaito. gopdov Kaxeiv’ 6 Lleipaseds: Emouye pevrot

* Unknown, but said by the Scholiast to be notorious for im- morality. Conviction under a ypagh éra:phorews entailed loss of citizenship, and hence made it unlawful for the man to speak in the assembly.

> He wore the rplSwv or doubled xatva, like the poorer people.

¢ The Lenaean festival came in winter.

4 The x:rév with one arm-hole (érepoudeyados) was used by hand-workers, that with two arm-holes was the mark of a free man (Pollux, vii. 47).

210

DEMUS.

8.8.

DEMUS.

THE KNIGHTS, 869-885

You say you're passionately fond of Demus,—tell me whether You've given a clout to patch his shoes. No never, I declare. You see the sort of man he is ! but I, I’ve bought a pair Of good stout shoes, and here they are, . I give them you to wear. O worthy, patriotic gift ! I really don’t suppose

There ever lived a man so kind

PAPH.

~=«CS«.S.

;

eee

- to Demus and his toes. "Tis shameful that a pair of shoes should have the power and might To put the favours I’ve conferred entirely out of sight, I who struck Gryttus ¢ from the lists, | and stopped the boy-loves quite. "Tis shameful, I with truth retort, that you should love to pry Into such vile degrading crimes as that you name. And why? Because you fear ’twill make the boys for public speaking fit. But Demus, at his age, you see without a tunic sit,? In winter ¢ too ; and nought from you his poverty relieves, But here’s a tunic I have brought, well-lined, with double sleeves.?

pemus. O, why Themistocles himself

ne’er thought of such a vest ! Peiraeus was a clever thing, but yet, I do protest,

211

ARISTOPHANES

b) a / oh Ot 4 4 a ~ od peilov elvar daiver’ e€edpnua Tob xiT@vos. MA. oor TaAas, olos muOnKLopots je TepteAauvets. v > Dy 11 / eee § / > id 7 AA. ovK, GAN Srep Tivwv avip TémoVvl’, OTav XEeGEtn, Totow Tpdmots Tots cotow wWorrep PAavTiovar xp@yar. ma. GA’ ody brepBarct pe Owmelais: eyed yap adrov 8 ~ / \ > ” > > / > mpocapdi® Todi: od 8 olpwl’, & movyp. > Cal AHMO. iatBor. ovk és Kdépakas amopbepe?, BUpons KaKvotov Olwr; ~ > AA. Kal rotré y’ énirndés ce mepinpmox, wa o amomvitn’* Kal mpdrepov émeBovAevoé gor. Tov KavAdy olcl” exeivov ~ / A ” / Tod atAdiov Tov akvov yevopevov; AHMO3. olda pevro. 8 AA. ézirndes odtos adrov eamevd’ afvov yevéobat, a ee 4 U > > / »” | ee e / w’ eabiowr’ wvovpevor, Kamer’ ev “HAvaia Bddovres GAAjAOUs amoKTelveray of SuKaoTal. | AHMOX. v7) Tov Iloceidd Kal mpos ene Todr’ ela’ avip Kézpetos. AA. od yap 760” dpeis Bdedpevor Sjzrov *yéveabe mruppot; 9 ‘ \ nn > ~ / \ / AHMOX. Kat v7) A’ jv ye TobTo Iluppdvdpov To wnyavnpa.

Sd , > > lol 7 / TIA. olowal p’, ® mavotpye, Bwpodoxevacw TapaTrets.

@ There was an Attic deme Kézpos, adj. Kémpews. Bdéovres, “breaking wind.” uppol, sc. rv mpwxrdy. The name Pyrrhander echoes this. Who he was, is unknown; some think Cleon is meant, and that his actor was decked up as a slave with red hair.

212

THE KNIGHTS, 886-902

That on the whole, between the two, I like the tunic best. PAPH. (To S.S.) Pah! would you circumvent me thus, with such an apish jest ? 8.S. Nay as one guest, at supper-time, will take another’s shoes, When dire occasion calls him out, so I your methods use. paPH. Fawn on: you won't outdo me there, I'll wrap him round about With this of mine. Now go and whine, you rascal. DEMUS. Pheugh ! get out ! (To P.’s wrapper) Go to the crows, you brute, with that disgusting smell of leather. ss. He did it for the purpose, Sir ; to choke you altogether. He tried to do it once before : don’t you remember when A stalk of silphium sold so cheap ? DEMUS. Remember ? yes: what then? s.s. | Why that was his contrivance too : he managed there should be a Supply for all to buy and eat ; and in the Heliaea The dicasts one and all were seized with violent diarrhoea. pemus. O ay, a Coprolitish * man described the sad affair. s.s. And worse and worse and worse you grew, till yellow-tailed you were. pemus. It must have been Pyrrhander’s trick, the fool with yellow hair. PAPH. (Jo S.S.) With what tomfooleries, you rogue, you harass and torment me.

213

ARISTOPHANES

AA. 4) yap Deds we éxéhevoe vucfjoat o dAalovetas. TIA. tn’ ovyl vuknoes. eyw yap dnl oor mape€ew, @ Ajue, pndev Spare prcbob TpuBAvov popfjaa. 9% AA. eya O¢ KvAlyvidv ‘yé cou Kal ddpywaKkov did@pu Tay Totow dvruKynpiors EAKVSpia Trepiarcipew. TIA. eye dé Tas Tohuds yé codKréywv véov Towjow. AA. idov, d€xou KEepKov Aaya THpVaA usin Bora TIA. drops dprevos @ Ajpe Lov Tpos THY Panes azrope. 9] AA. €00 pev oby, € €uob pev oov. TIA. ey oe Towjow TpLNp~_ apxeiv, dvaXioxovTa T@V cavTod, maAaav vabv €xovT’, r eis Nv avaddv obk édé- S 9] Eeis ode vavirnyovpevos* divapnxavyoopat 0 dws av totiov oampov AdBys. xO. avip tadAdle., mate tad’, brrepléwv> theAkréov 9: Tov Sadiwv, amapvoTéov Te TOV amevAdv TavTni. TIA. Swoes euol Kadny dixny, imrovprevos Tats eladopais. eya@ yap eis tods mAovalous 9: omevow o° OTws av eyypadis.

* The “ pay-soup” refers to the dicastic triobol (ef. 50) which he is to get for doing nothing.

> The diminutives imply : ** Here is a nice little pot of medicine to cure your poor sores.’

¢ The state provided the hulk, the trierarch had to fit it out for sea. 4 rauryl: “ with this ladle,” holding one out.

¢ The elodopd was a levy on property, the first class bein * assessed for the levy at twelve times a year’s income, the secon: at ten times, the third at seven times.

214

PAPH.

PAPH. S.s. PAPH.

8.8. PAPH.

CHOR.

PAPH.

THE KNIGHTS, 903-926 ©

Yes, ‘tis with humbug I’m to win; for that the Goddess sent me. You shall not win! O Demus dear, be idle all the day, And I'll provide you free, to swill, a foaming bowl of—pay.¢ And I'll this gallipot provide, and healing cream within it ; ® Whereby the sores upon your shins you'll doctor in a minute. I'll pick these grey hairs neatly out, and make you young and fair. See here ; this hare-scut take to wipe your darling eyes with care. Vouchsafe to blow your nose, and clean your fingers on my hair,

No, no; on mine, on mine, on mine !

A trierarch’s office you shall fill,¢

And by my influence I’ll prevail

That you shall get, to test your skill, A battered hull with tattered sail. Your outlay and your building too

On such a ship will never end ;

No end of work you'll have to do,

No end of cash you'll have to spend. O see how foamy-full he gets.

Good Heavens, he’s boiling over ; stay ! Some sticks beneath him draw away, Bale out a ladleful of threats.4

Rare punishment for this you'll taste ; I'll make the taxes ¢ weigh you down ; Amongst the wealthiest of the town I'll manage that your name is placed.

215

AA.

XO.

a ARISTOPHANES

eyo 8 dmedjow mev ov-

dev, eUXOMat dé cou Tadl"

TO pev TAYNVOV tevdidaw

epeordvat ailov, aé de 930

yyapnv épety peAdovra mept

Muanoiwv Kat Kepdavelv

TdAavrov, iv KaTepydon,

orevdew Orrws TOV Tevlidwr

eurAipevos POains er’ eis 935

exicAnotav eNOwv* Erret-

TO. mp payety, avip pebr-

Kol, Kal ov 7} TéAavrov AaBeiv

BovAdpevos €-

obiwv emamomvuyetns 940 <b ye vy Tov Aia Kat tov *Arod\w Kat thy

Anpntpa.

AHMOS. Kapol Soke? Kal TaAAa y” elvat karapavds

TIA.

ayalos moXirns, ofos obdels mw xpdvov avijp yeyévntat Toto. moAAots todPBodob. 945 od 8’, & Iladdaydv, ddoxwv dirciv p’ éoxo- pod.oas. ‘ lo! > / A / e > ” Kal viv amddos Tov dSaKTUALov, Ws OVK ETL €“ol Tapvevoets. ” ~ > >, 7 €xe* Toootrov 8° taf” rt, > / el py ph edoets emitpomevew, Etepos ad > ~ , E00 tavoupyoTepds Tis avaphavyicerat. 950

AHMOS. ovK €00’ dws 6 SaxTUALds ecb’ odroct

216

e / ‘ ~ cal odpds* TO yotv onpetov Erepov dhaiverat, > 4 od Kabopa;

CHOR.

THE KNIGHTS, 927-953

I will not use a single threat ;

I only most devoutly wish

That on your brazier may be set

A hissing pan of cuttle-fish ;

And you the Assembly must address

About Miletus,—’tis a job

Which, if it meets entire success,

Will put a talent in your fob,—*

And O that ere your feast begin,

The Assembly waits your friend may cry,

And you, afire the fee to win

And very loth to lose the fry,

May strive in greedy haste to swallow

The cuttles and be cuoxep thereby. Good! Good! by Zeus, Demeter, and Apollo.®

pemus. Aye, and in all respects he seems to me

PAPH.

A worthy citizen. When lived a man So good to the Many (the Many for a penny) ? You, Paphlagon, pretending that you loved me, Primed me with garlic. Give me back my ring ; You shall no more be steward. Take the ring ; And be you sure, if I’m no more your guardian, You'll get, instead, a greater rogue than I.

pEMUvs. Bless me, this can’t be mine, this signet-ring.

It’s not the same device, it seems to me ; Or can’t I see ?

* The tribute of Miletus was raised in 424 B.c. from five talents to ten; Cleon may have been bribed to oppose

this.

» This line is in prose; it is the solemn formula used in the heliastic oath (Pollux, viii. 122, so Demosth. Callipp. p- 1238).

217

ARISTOPHANES

AA. dép’ idw, Ti aor onpetov Hv;

AHMOS. Sypod Boeiov Opiov eEwarnpévov.

AA. ov Todr’ EveoTw.

AHMO3. od TO Opiov; adda. Ti; 955

AA. Adpos Kexnvas emt métpas Snunyopav.

AHMOS. aifot TdAas.

ry ae Ti €oTW;

AHMO3. amédep éxmrodwv. od Tov emov elyev, aAAad Tov KAewrdpov. map euod S€ rovrovt AaBaw Tapievé por.

TIA. p17) OTA Tw y’, @ SéomToT’, avTiBoAS o” eyad, 960 mpl av ye TOV xpnop@v akovons TOv eudv.

AA. Kal TOv éudv vor.

TIA. aA’ éav todtw ibn, poAyov yevécbar Set ae.

AA. Kav ye TovTwi, ywrov yevéobar det ce expt Too puppivov.

mA. GAN’ ot y’ enol A€yovow ws apEar ce Set 965 Xwpas amdons <oTepavwyevov pddots.

AA. odprol dé y’ ad A€yovow ws dAoupyida éxwv KaTdtactov Kal orepdvynv ef’ apyatos xpva0d Sin€ers LuuKvOnv Kat Kvprov.

TIA. Kal pv eveyk’ adbrods tév, Ww’ obdroal 970 avtav aKovon.

AA. mavv ye. Kal ov vuv dépe.

* A play on djuos, ‘‘ people,” and dnuds, ** fat.”

» The Siua or speaker’s platform.

° A noted glutton; ef. 1290-9, and see Index.

# poryds, a black-jack,” the slang equivalent of doxés, “a wineskin.”’ An oracle had promised that Athens should always keep above water like a skin bottle (Plutarch, Theseus, 24). * As a banqueter.

218

THE KNIGHTS, 953-971

8.8. What’s the device on yours ? pemus. A leaf of beef-fat stuffing, roasted well.? S.8. No, that’s not here. DEMUS. What then ? 8.8. . A cormorant With open mouth haranguing on a rock.? pEmus. Pheugh ! 8.8. - What’s the matter ? DEMUS. Throw the thing away. He’s got Cleonymus’s ° ring, not mine. Take this from me, and you be steward now. PaPH. O not yet, master, I beseech, not yet ; Wait till you’ve heard my oracles, I pray.

s.s. And mine as well.

PAPH. 2 And if to his you listen, You'll be a liquor-skin.?

8.8. And if to his,

You'll find yourself severely circumcised. pap. Nay mine foretell that over all the land Thyself shalt rule, with roses garlanded.° ss. And mine that crowned, in spangled purple robe, Thou in thy golden chariot shalt pursue ; And sue the lady Smicythe and her lord’ papH. Well, go and fetch them hither, so that he May hear them. 8.8. Certainly ; and you fetch yours.

f A surprise, playing upon the double meaning of didKw. Demus shall go hunting in oriental state, but his sport, to suit Athenian taste, shall be to “pursue,” that is to * prosecute,” a certain effeminate citizen, (roy ZusKbOny kommdet ws klyaudove Kiptov 5¢ Aé-yer Tov 4vdpa: Schol.).

219

ARISTOPHANES idov.

AA. iSod vi tov Ai’+ oddev KwAvet.

XO. TOvoTov $dos Tepas €oTau toiow mapoto. ma- ow Kal Tois aduxvoupévots, qv KAéwy azoAnrat. Kaitou mpeoPutépwv Twav olwy apyaAewratwy ev TO Aciypare t&v SiKdv Kove” dytieyovrev, ws el pL “yevel? obros ev Th moXeu peyas, ovK dy }- oTnv axevdn do xpyoimw,

Soidvé ovdé Toptvn.

> \ \ 4Q>3

adda Kat 768° Eywye Oav-

palw ris tojovotas

avtod: dact yap adrov ot A a /

maides ot Evvedoitwv

tiv Awpioti pdvnv dv ap-

porrecbar Paya tiv Adpav,

aAAnv 8 ovk €bddew pabeive

Kara tov KWapioriy

ve EA ee Net

opyvobévr’ amayew Keded-

ew, WS appoviay 6 mais

obdros ov dUvarar pabeiv

“ \ /

qv pn Awpodoxioti.

, 4, , > LA > ld . A. lot, Pdaca, Kody dmavtas éxdéepw. AA. olu’ ws yeoelw, Kody dmavras éxdépw.

* The opening lines are taken from Euripides. 220

97

98

98

99

99

THE KNIGHTS, 972-998

PAPH. Here goes. 8.8. Here goes, by Zeus. There’s nought to stop us,

CHOR.? O bright and joyous day, O day most sweet to all Both near and far away, The day of Cleon’s fall. Yet in our Action-mart ® I overheard by chance Some ancient sires and tart This counter-plea advance, That but for him the State Two things had ne’er possessed :— A stTrrRER-up of hate,

A PESTLE of unrest.

His swine-bred music we With wondering hearts admire ; At school, his mates agree, He always tuned his lyre In Dorian style to play.° His master wrathful grew ; He sent the boy away, And this conclusion drew, This boy from all his friends Donations seeks to wile,

His art begins and ends

In Dono-do-rian style.

paPH, Look at them, see! and there are more behind, s.s. O what a weight! and there are more behind.

® The Deigma was the Exchange at the Peiraeus, * Sample Mart.” Lawsuits are the staple product of Athens.

¢ The Dorian mode was a solemn and manly music; it is chosen here as leading up to the pun in Awpodoxirl,

221

ARISTOPHANES

AHMOS. TavTt Tt €oTL;

TIA. Aoyia. AHMO3. TavT’$ TIA. eOavpacas ; Kai v7 A’ ere yé povot. KiPwros mréa. 104

AA. éuot 8 drep@ov Kai Evvoixia Svo. AHMOS. dép’ idw, Tivos ydp elow of xpnopot mote; MA. ovpot pév eior Bdxidos. AHMOS. ot dé cot Tivos ; aa. [ AdviBos, adehpob tod Baxwos yEepautepov. AHMOS. cioly 5é mepi rod; TIA. mept “AOnvav, rept Uvdov, 10 TeEpl aod, TEpt ewod, Tepl amdvTwy TpayyLaTwr. AHMOZ. of gol 5é mepi TOD; AA. mept “AOnvav, mept paris, mept Aakedayoviwy, mept oxduSpwv véwr, mept THY peTpovvTwy TaAdiT’ ev ayopa KaKa@s, mept aod, mept euod. TO méos odToal SaKot. 10 AHMO. aye vuv Omws avrovds avayvwcecbé por, Kal Tov qepl euov *Keivov @mEep HOopat, ws ev vehéedaiow aleTos yevroopar. MA. dKove 53 vuv Kal mpocexe Tov vody epol. Dpdlev, "EpexGeidy, Aoyiwv dddv, Hv aor ’AzroAAwy 10 tayev €€ addvrovo did TpiTddwv epiTiwov. adlecbai o° exédevo” icpov Kiva KapxapodorTa,

® An invented person. © > Refers to an oracle that foretells this for Athens. See 978.

Evdatmov mroNleOpov "AOnvalns dyedelns mond lodv, Kal wrod mabdy, kal rod poyjray alerds év vepéXnot yevioea Huara wavra.

222

DEMUS PAPH.

DEMUS.

PAPH.

8.S. DEMUS PAPH. DEMUS S.S.

THE KNIGHTS, 999-1017

What are they? Oracles ! All? You seem surprised ; By Zeus, I’ve got a chestful more at home. And I a garret and two cellars full.

. Come, let me see. Whose oracles are these ? Mine are by Bakis. . (Zo 8.8.) And by whom are yours ?

Mine are by Glanis,? Bakis’s elder brother.

pemus. What do they treat of ?

PAPH.

Mine? Of Athens, Pylus, Of you, of me, of every blessed thing.

DEMUS. (7'o 8.8.) And you; of what treat yours ?

S.S.

Of Athens, pottage, Of Lacedaemon, mackerel freshly caught, Of swindling barley-measurers in the mart, Of you, of me. That nincompoop be hanged.

pemus. Well read them out ; and prithee don’t forget

PAPH.

The one I love to hear about myself, That I’m to soar, an Eagle, in the clouds.” Now then give ear, and hearken to my words.

Heep THOU WELL, ERECHTHEIDES,

THE ORACLE'S DRIFT, WHICH APOLLO

OvuT OF HIS SECRET SHRINE

THROUGH PRICELESS TRIPODS DELIVERED.

KEEP THOU SAFELY THE DOG,

THY JAG-TOOTHED HOLY PROTECTOR.®

O thou fortunate town Of Athene, the Bringer of spoil, Much shalt thou see, and much Shalt thou suffer, and much shalt thou toil,

Then in the clouds thou shalt soar, as an Eagle, for ever and ever. ¢ Probably Cleon used to call himself the Watch-dog of the

state.

See P. 754, W. 1031. 223

ARISTOPHANES

a \ / /, & 2e \ ~ A A Os mp0 o0ev ydoxwv Kal brép aod Sewa Kekpayws cot pucOov mropiet, Kav pr) Spa tadr’, daodetrat. moAXol yap pices ode Katakpwlovar KodAotol. 10: \ \ \ /, 2? \ > ad / AHMOX. Tavti pa tHv Ajpytp’ eye od« oid’ 6 tT Aéyet. / / > + PY a \ Xr Aa \ / ti ydp éor "Epexbet kal Kodovois Kai Kuvi; TIA. eym pev ei, 6 KUwy* mpd aod yap datw: cot 8 eime owlecbai pw’ 6 DotBos Tov Kdva. AA. od TodTd dno’ 6 xpnopds, GAN’ 6 KUwv Od, 10 wotep Ovpas oot, tHv Aoyiwy mapecbie. €uot ydp €or’ dp0&s epi rovrov Tod Kuvos. AHMOS. A€ye vuv: ey Sé mp&ta Anboua Aifov, iva py O xpyopos 6 mepl TOO KUVdS OdK7. Ad. Dpdlev, *EpexGeidn, Kiva KépBepov dvdparro- dior Hy, 10 “a / , > ¢ , ~ > ~ 6s KépKw caivwr o°, omdTav Seimvis, emiTnpav, LP ad Pe 4 id , ” / e€éderai cov Tovisov, 6rav ad mov aAAove xXdoKySs* eofoitav 7” és todardviov Ajoer ce Kuvndov , A / \ \ 7, / v0KTwp Tas Aomddas Kal Tas vicous Siadciywr. AHMOS. v7) TOV Ilocedd wodv y’ Gwewov, d TAdw. 1 A. @ Tay, aKovoov, elra SudKpwov Tore. "Eore yuvy, téEer S€ A€ovl” icpais ev “AOjvais, Os Tept Tod Sipov moAdois Kdvwii payetrat, 7 ‘ / 7, \ A / wate epi oxvpvoror BeBnkds: Tov od pvdAdéat,

* i.e. the islands of the Aegean which practically constituted the Athenian Empire.

» The words réger 5¢ Aéovra are from an oracle quoted Herod. v. 92.

224

THE KNIGHTS, 1018-1039

YAPPING BEFORE THY FEET, AND TERRIBLY ROARING TO GUARD THEE, He THY PAY WILL PROVIDE : IF HE FAIL TO PROVIDE IT, HE’LL PERISH 3 YEA, FOR MANY THE DAWS THAT ARE HATING AND CAWING AGAINST HIM. pemus. This, by Demeter, beats me altogether. What does Erechtheus want with daws and dog ? paPH. I am the dog: I bark aloud for you. And Phoebus bids you guard the dog ; that’s me. 8.S. It says not that ; but this confounded dog Has gnawn the oracle, as he gnaws the door. I’ve the right reading here about the dog. pemus. Let’s hear ; but first I'll pick me up a stone Lest this dog-oracle take to gnawing me. s.s. Heep THOU WELL, ERECHTHEIDES, THE KIDNAPPING CERBERUS BAN-DOG 5 WAGGING HIS TAIL HE STANDS, AND FAWNING UPON THEE AT DINNER, WAITING THY SLICE TO DEVOUR WHEN AUGHT DISTRACT THINE ATTENTION, Soon AS THE NIGHT COMES ROUND HE STEALS UNSEEN TO THE KITCHEN Dog-wisE ; THEN WILL HIS TONGUE CLEAN OUT THE PLATES AND THE—ISLANDS.? pEMus. Aye, by Poseidon, Glanis, that’s far better. papH. Nay, listen first, my friend, and then decide. WoMAN SHE IS, BUT A LION _SHE’LL BEAR ® us IN ATHENS THE HOLY 3 ONE wuHo For DeMus WILL FIGHT WITH AN ARMY OF STINGING MOSQUITOES, FIGHT, AS IF SHIELDING HIS WHELPS 3 WHOM SEE THOU GUARD WITH DEVOTION

WOtt Q 225

ARISTOPHANES

A / 5A uA 5 ~ 1 Telxyos mounoas EvAwov Tupyous TE aidnpods. Tair olof” 6 tt A€ye;

Ea AHMOZ. pa. Tov >AzrddAAw "ye ev Ov.

a +.

ma. edpalev 6 Oeds cor cadds owlew eme*

éya) yap avtt Tob A€ovTds Ett cot. AHMOS. Kal 7@s p’ eAcAjbers *Avtilewy yeyevnpevos ; AA. €v ovk avadiddoKe: oe TOV Aoyiwy EKwV, 1

6 pdvov atdipou teiyds eote Kat EvAwv,

> * / / > > / > e ,

év @ oe awlew tovd’ éxéAevo’ 6 Ao€ias.

~ ~ ~ ¢ /

AHMOS. 7s Sita Tob’ efpalev o eds;

AA. TouTovi Sfjoal o° exdAcvo’ ev mevreoupiyyw EvdrAw. AHMOS. Tavti TeAcicbar ta Ady’ Hn poor Soxe?. 1

TIA. p7) 7elDov POovepat yap émKpwlovor Kop@vat. GAN’ iépaka didrer, weuvnpevos ev dpeciv, Os cot Hyaye ovvdncas Aaxedayoviwy Kopakivous.

AA. TodTd yé Tor IladAaydv wapexwdvvevae peOvabeis. Kexpomidn KkaxdBovre, ti rob’ rryet weya Tovpyov; 1

> > , Kal Ke yuv7) pepor axOos, errei Kev avnp avabein: GAN’ odk dv waxéoato* yéoaiTo yap, ef waxeoaiTo. mA. aAdarode dpdcoat, po IlvAov I1vAov Hv cor eppaler, ~ "Eore IvAos apo I1vAoto. / a , \ , AHMO3. ti tobro Aé€yet, mpo I1vAot0;

* From the famous oracle given to Athens before the battle of Salamis, Herod. vii. 141.

> Unknown.

¢ With holes for arms, legs, and head.

¢ A line from the Little Iliad of Lesches (Schol.). xéea:ro in the next line is formed to echo payéoaro, making a complete vulgar burlesque.

¢ A well-known line runs éort IlvAos mpd Ilddovo, Tlddos ye pév éort kal 4\Xn. One was in N. Elis, one in S. Elis, one opposite Sphacteria. The words lead up to the play upon riveXos, a tub or trough.

226

THE KNIGHTS, 1040-1059

BuImLDING A WOODEN WALL @

DEMUS. PAPH.

DEMUS. 8.8.

DEMUS. S.S-

DEMUS.

AND AN IRON FORT TO SECURE HIM. Do you understand ? By Apollo, no, not I. The God, ’tis plain, would have you keep me safely, For I’m a valiant lion, for your sake. What, you Antileon ® and I never knew it ! One thing he purposely informs you not, What that oracular wall of wood and iron, Where Loxias bids you keep him safely, is. What means the God ? He means that you're to clap Paphlagon in the five-holed pillory-stocks.¢ I shouldn’t be surprised if that came true.

PAPH. HEED NOT THE WORDS 3; FOR JEALOUS

THE CROWS THAT ARE CROAKING AGAINST ME,

CHERISH THE LORDLY FALCON,

NOR EVER FORGET THAT HE BROUGHT THEE,

BRouGHT THEE IN FETTERS AND CHAINS

THE YOUNG LACONIAN MINNOWS.

s.s. THis pip PAPHLAGON DARE

IN A MOMENT OF DRUNKEN BRAVADO,

Why THINK MUCH OF THE DEED,

CECROPIDES FOOLISH IN COUNSEL ?

Weicut A WoMAN WILL BEAR,

1F A MAN IMPOSE IT UPON HER,?@

FiGutT SHE WON’T AND SHE CAN'T:

IN FIGHTING SHE’S ALWAYS A FRIGHT IN.

papu. Nay, BUT REMEMBER THE WORD,

HOW PyLus, HE SAID, BEFORE Pytus ; ¢

PyYLus THERE IS BEFORE Py.us.

DEMUS.

What mean you by that “ before Pylus ” ?

227

ARISTOPHANES

AA, Tas mvédous dnow Karadrjpeod” ev Badraveiw. 1 AHMO3. eye oi douros TH}LEPOV YevTjoopa. AA. obdToS yap npav Tas mvedous adipracev. aX’ obroat yap €oTt Tepl 708 vavTuKcod 6 XpnoHOs, @ Ge det mpooexew TOV voov mdvu. AHMO3. TpoaexXen od 8 dvaylyvwoe, Tots vavTaLot Lov 1 omws 6 pobds mparov dmodoOnaerar. AA. Aiyetdn, ppdcoar Kuvadwmeka, py oe SoAWON, at apyov, _Taxvrouy, doAiav Kepdd, TmroAvidpw. oto?’ 6 Ti €oTw TotTO; AHMO2. DiAdotparos 7) KONE, AA. ov TOTO gnow, adda vais éxdorore 1 aire Taxelas dpyvpoAdsyous ovroat: TavTas amavod pe didovae o 6 Aoégias. AHMO. 7s 87) Tpinpyns eott Kuvadwm7né; AA. OTS OTL 7) TPUpns. €oTt yo KUwv TAXB. AHMOS. 7s ovv dAdo’ mpocetebn mpos TH Kuviz; 1 AA. dAwmexKiovot Tods OTpaTLWTAS 7KaCEV, 6717) Botpus Tpayovaw ev Tots xwpiots. AHMOS. elev: Tovrous 6 _p1080s Tots dAwrreKtouot 708; AA. eyw Trop Kal tobrov Tpep@v Tpav. adn ert TOVd emadKovaov, Ov Elm gou efaréacba, 1 xpnonwov Anrotdns, KvAAjvnv, py oe SoAdon. AHMOZ. troiav KuAAjvnv; AA. Thv TovTov xelp’ éeoinoev

KvdaAjvnv ops, orin dyno’, euBare Kvddj.

* Philostratus, a pander, was nicknamed so: JD, 957.

> Ships sent to collect the tribute: Thue. ii. 69, iii. 19. :

¢ Cyllene was the port of Elis. It is here used to suggest kvAA} xelp, ** the hollow hand ” that welcomes a bride.

228

THE KNIGHTS, 1060-1083

s.s. Truly your pile of baths

DEMUS. 8.5.

DEMUS.

will he capture before you can take them. O dear, then bathless must I go to-day Because he has carried off our pile of baths. But here’s an oracle about the fleet ; Your best attention is required to this. I'll give it too ; but prithee, first of all, Read how my sailors are to get their pay.

s.s. O AEGEIDES, BEWARE

OF THE HOUND-FOX, LEST HE DECEIVE THEE,

STEALTHILY SNAPPING, THE CRAFTY,

THE SWIFT, THE TRICKY MARAUDER.

Know you the meaning of this ?

DEMUS. Ss SS.

DEMUS. S.S.

DEMUS. 8.S .

DEMUS.

8.5.

Philostratus, plainly, the hound-fox.4 Not so; but Paphlagon is evermore Asking swift triremes to collect the silver,? So Loxias bids you not to give him these. Why is a trireme called a hound-fox ?

Why?

A trireme’s fleet ; a hound is also fleet. But for what reason adds he “ fox ” to “‘ hound”? The troops, he means, resemble little foxes, Because they scour the farms and eat the grapes. Good. But where’s the cash to pay these little foxes ? That I’ll provide : within three days I'll do it.

List THOU FURTHER THE REDE

BY THE SON OF LETO DELIVERED ;

KrEp THOU ALOOF, SAID HE,

FROM THE WILES OF HOLLOW CYLLENE.°

pemus. Hollow Cyllene ! what’s that ?

S.S.

"Tis Paphlagon’s hand he’s describing.

Paphlagon’s outstretched hand,

with his Drop me a coin in the hollow. 229

ITA.

TIA.

ARISTOPHANES

odk opbds dpaler: tv KudAjvnv yap 6 DoiBos eis tiv xelp’ dplds jvi€ato tiv Atomeifous. 1 adAa yap €oTw enol xpnopos TEpt Gob mTEpvywrTos, aleros Ws ylyver Kat m&ons yas Baowdevers. ‘ A > / A ~ A ~ > 6 lon bar /

Kal yap emo, Kal ys Kal THs epvbpas ye Qaddaons, xar y ev ’ExBaravors duxdoeis, Aciywv emimaora. GAN’ éyd) efdov dvap, Kal povddxer 7 Beds adTH 1 Tob Sjpov KaTaxely apvTaivn mAovOvyievav.

A Ad A \ > 7 P / is) / ¢ 0 ‘ 5 ae,’ vy Aia Kai yap éyw: Kai pwodddxer 7) Beds adr7 ex ToAews €ADeiv Kal yAadé abrA *mKaljoba- elra Kataomévoew Kata THs Kepadns apuBadrAw apBpoociay Kara ood, Kara TovTov dé ckopoddAuny. 1

AHMOX. tov iov.

TIA.

ov Hv ap’ odvdeis tod TAdvid0s codudrepos. Kal viv ewavrov émitpémw got TovTovi yepovtaywyeiv Kavarraidevew mdAw.

/ > ¢ / > > - ae 4, ¢ > A LaTw y’, ikeredvw ao, GAN’ avduewov, Ws eyad 1

\ ~ \ / > ¢ / Kpi0as mopid cou Kal Biov Kal? juépav.

AHMOX. ovK avéxouo KpLO@v axovwy* moAAdKis

TIA. AA.

eEnratiOnv bd te aod Kat Oovddvovs. adr’ dAdur’ Sn cor mop *oxevacpeva.

eyw dé palioxas ye Siapewaypevas 1

* A crazy oracle-monger (ef. W. 380, B. 988), apparently with a crippled hand. » A secretary under Cleon: Schol.

230

THE KNIGHTS, 1084~1105

- papu. There this fellow is wrong. When he spake of the hollow Cyllene, Phoebus was hinting, I ween, at the hand of the maimed Diopeithes.¢ Nay, but I’ve got me, for you, a wingéd oracular message, THOU SHALT AN EaGLE BECOME, AND RULE ALL LANDS AS A Monarcu. s.s. Nay, but I’ve got me the same :— . AND THE REp SEA TOO THOU SHALT GOVERN, Yea In EcBaTANA JUDGE, RICH CAKES AS THOU JUDGEST DEVOURING. paPH. Nay, but I dreamed me a dream, and methought the Goddess Athene Health and wealth was ladling in plentiful streams upon Demus. s.s. Nay, but I dreamed one myself ; and methought of the Goddess Athene Down from the Citadel stepped, and an owl sat perched on her shoulder ; Then from a bucket she poured ambrosia down upon Demus, Sweetest of scents upon you, upon Paphlagon sourest of pickles. pemus. Good! Good! There never was a cleverer chap than Glanis. So now, my friend, I yield myself to you ; Be you the tutor of my thoughtless—Age. papH. Not yet! pray wait awhile, and I'll provide Your barley-grain, and daily sustenance. pemus. I can’t abide your barley-talk ; too often Have I been duped by you and Thuphanes.” paPu. I'll give you barley-meal, all ready-made. 8.8. I'll give you barley-cakes, all ready-baked,

231

ARISTOPHANES

Kal Tovipov 3 omTov* * pjdev GAN’ ef 12) ‘athe.

AHMO3. dvdoaré vuv 6 Tt 7p mrounael - ws ey, Omorepos av op@v €d pe paMov dy ToUy}, TOUTE) Tapadwow Tis muKVOS Tas Hvlas.

TIA. Tpéxoip” av elow mpoTeEpos.

AA. od O47’, GAd’ eyed. 1110

xo. é Ajipe, kahyy y’ exeus apxiv, OTE mavres dy- Opwrrot Sdiact o wo- Ep dv8pa. TUpAvvoV. GAN’ <drapdywyos cl, 1115 Owmevopevos TE xal- pees KaamarapLevos, mpos TOV TE A€yorr’ Gael KEeXnvas * 6 vods Sé cov mapwv arodnpet. 1120

AHMOS. vods ovK ev Tails Kopats bpav, ore wp’ od dpoveiv / > > A > ¢ \ vopiler’s eyw 8 éxav a > > / ratr nAvialw. > / ‘ M4 avros Te yap oopat 1125 , ‘ > ¢ / BptAAwv to Kal?” 7pépay, , 4 , KAémrovra te BovAojae Ttpéehew eva mpoorarny: todrov 8, drav } mAéews, dpus emdra€éa. 1130 4 \ nn > aA xo. xovrw pev av €d trovots, el gow mUKVOTNS EveoT’

@ The mpocrdrns rod Siuwov was not an official, but the accepted democratic leader.

232

THE KNIGHTS, 1106-1132

And well-broiled fish. Do nothing else but eat.

pemus. Make haste and do it then, remembering this,

Whichever brings me most titbits to-day, To him alone I’ll give the Pnyx’s reins.

papH. O then I'll run in first.

CHOR,

DEMUS.

CIIOR.

Not you, but I.

Proud, O Demus, thy sway. Thee, as Tyrant and King, All men fear and obey, Yet, O yet, ‘tis a thing Easy, to lead thee astray. Empty fawning and praise Pleased thou art to receive ; All each orator says

Sure at once to believe ; Wit thou hast, but ’tis roaming ; Ne’er we find it its home in.

Wit there’s none in your hair. What, you think me a fool ! What, you know not I wear, Wear my motley by rule !

Well all day do I fare,

Nursed and cockered by all ; Pleased to fatten and train One prime thief in my stall.¢ When full gorged with his gain, Up that instant I snatch him,? Strike one blow and dispatch him.

Art thou really so deep ? Is such artfulness thine ? > Hoist him up. 233

ARISTOPHANES

év T@ TpoTTw, ws r€Eyets, ToUTw mavu ToAAn,

el Tovo0d eémitydes wo- mep Synpoatovs Tpépets ev TH muKvt, Ka? oray a cot TUXN éipoy ov, ToUTwy Os av 7 Taxus, Ovoas émdeumveis.

AHMOS. oxéacbe Sé ps’, ef codds avrovs Teplépyouat, Tovs olopevous dpoveiv ” 9 > / Kap” e€arratvAAew. THp® yap éKdoToT av- Tovs, ovd€ SoK@v opar, > KAérrovtas* EmeiT avay- / / > a Kkalw madw e&epetv Ld > a“ / / arr dv KexAddwot pov, Knpov KaTrapnAdv.

»” > ? / > 4 MA. amay és pakaplay éxrroduv. AA. ot y’, & hOdpe. mA. ® Ajp’, eyd pévrou Tapeokevaopevos tpimaAar KdOnar, BovAdpevds oa” edepyereiv. AA. eya dé dexdmadai ye Kal Swoexdradat ‘ / \ / / / Kal xtAvdrraAae Kat mpdmaAa mdaAa maAa. AHMOX. ey 5€ mpocdoKay ye TpLopupioradAar Bdedvrrowa of, Kal mpdmada mada mada. > > a“ ~ AA. ola@’ odv 6 dpacov;

AHMO3. ei dé pun, ppdoes ye ov.

234

1135

1140

1145

1150

1155

THE KNIGHTS, 1133-1158

Well for all if thou keep

Firm to this thy design.

Well for all if, as sheep

Marked for victims, thou feed These thy knaves in the Pnyx, Then, if dainties thou need,

Haste on a victim to fix ;

Slay the fattest and finest ;

There’s thy meal when thou dinest.

DEMUS. Ah! they know not that I Watch them plunder and thieve. Ah ! ’tis easy, they cry,

Him to gull and deceive.

Comes my turn by and by ! Down their gullet, full quick, Lo, my verdict-tube coils,“ Turns them giddy and sick,

Up they vomit their spoils : Such, with rogues, is my dealing, "Tis for myse.r they are stealing.

papu. Go and be blest !

8.8. Be blest yourself, you filth.

paPH. O Demus, I’ve been sitting here prepared Three ages past, longing to do you good.

s.s. And I ten ages, aye twelve ages, aye A thousand ages, ages, ages, ages.

pemus. And I’ve been waiting, till I loathe you both, For thirty thousand ages, ages, ages.

s.s. | Do—know you what?

DEMUS. And if I don’t, you'll tell me.

* upd\n Was @ surgeon’s probe, «nuds the neck of the ballot-

box: the phrase means pushing this down the throat to make them vomit.

235

ARISTOPHANES

A , AA. ades amo BadBidwy ewe Te Kal TovToVL, wa o ed moudpev €& icov.

AHMO2. Spav radra xpy. 1160 amrTov. TIA. cal AA. tdov. , >; CA AHMO3. Ogour’ av. AA. vmoety ovdK ed.

AHMO3. GAN’ 7, peyddwos evdarpovjow THILEPOV bm0 Tov epaoray vy A’? 7 ’yao Opvypopat. IA. Opas; eye cot TmpoTepos expepw didpov. AA. GAAd’ od tpamelav, GAN’ eyed Tporepatrepos. 1165 TIA. od pep cou THVb€ paliokny eyw éK wav drAdv taOv ex IvAov pepwaypevny. AA. eye dé pvoTinas pepvoriAnpevas b70 ris Beob TH xeupt TiAcpartivy. AHMO3. ws peyav ap’ elyes, @ TOTVUA, TOV Sdxrvdov. 1170 TIA. eye 8’ €rvos ye. mlowov <UXpav Kal Kaddv* eTopuve 8° avi? i) IlaAas 7 ITvAapaxos. AA. @® Ajj’, evapy@s 7) Yeds o° emucKoret, Kal viv brepexer cov xv¥Tpav Cwpuod mAéav. AHMO2. ole yap oiKetal? av ert TIHVOE TI moAW, 1175 et pe) pavepds 7 Ov drepeixe THY X¥TpaVv; TIA. Tourt TEMAXOS covdwxKev a DoBeovorparn. AA. 1) 5 OBptpomdrpa y épbov € ex Copiob Kpéas Kal yoAuKos svdorpou TE Kal yaoTpos TOOV. AHMOS. KaAds y’ erroince TOO mémAoV pepvnmEry. 1180 mA. 1%) TopyoAdda o” éxéAeve tovrovi dayeiv

@ In the statue by Pheidias which stood in the Parthenon, the flesh was represented by ivory. tori are pieces of bread hollowed out to serve as a sort of spoon.’

» Lit. “ that fights at the gates.” The epithet is invented on the analogy of IIpéuaxos (the epithet of Athena as repre-

236

DEMUS.

THE KNIGHTS, 1159-1181

Do start us from the signal-post, us two, All fair, no favour. Right you are ; move off.

PAPH. and 8.8. Ready !

DEMUS. 8.S. DEMUS. PAPH.

S.S. PAPH.

S.8.

DEMUS.

PAPH.

S.S.

DEMUS.

PAPH.

S.S.

DEMUS. PAPH.

Away ! No “ cutting in ” allowed. Zeus ! if I don’t, with these two lovers, have A rare good time, ’tis dainty I must be. See, I’m the first to bring you out a chair, But not a table ; I’m the firstlier there. Look, here’s a jolly little cake I bring, Cooked from the barley-grain I brought from Pylus. And here I’m bringing splendid scoops of bread, Scooped by the Goddess with her ivory hand.* A mighty finger you must have, dread lady ! And here’s pease-porridge, beautiful and brown. Pallas Pylaemachus ° it was that stirred it. O Demus, plain it is the Goddess guards you, Holding above your head this—soup-tureen. Why, think you Athens had survived, unless She plainly o’er us held her soup-tureen ? This slice of fish the Army-frightener sends ou. This boiled broth-meat the Nobly-fathered gives you, And this good cut of tripe and guts and paunch. And well done she, to recollect the peplus. The Terror-crested bids you taste this cake

sented in the bronze statue which stood on the Acropolis), and to Cleon means ‘* who fought for me at Pylos.” The lines following contain titles of Athena.

237

ARISTOPHANES

édarijpos, va Tras vats ehatvwpev Kadds.

AA. AaB Kat radi vur. AHMO3. Kal Ti ToUTOLS XpHoopat Tots evTépois; Wik RE Ws / AA. emitndes avr emeurpé cor

\ > ¢€ els TAS TpLnpels evTepdveray 4 eds: 1185 ~ “ \ /, emiokoTrel yap Trepupav@s TO VavTLKOV. a , t4 éye Kal mueiv Kekpapevov Tpia Kal dvo.

AHMOS. Ws 750s, @ Zed, Kal ra Tpia déepwv Kadds.

AA. TIA. AA. TIA.

TIA. AA.

% Tpitoyevijs yap atdrov everpitwvicer, ~ > lol AaBe vuv mAakodvtos miovos tap’ eo TOMOV. 1190 map é€00 8° dAov ye Tov mAaKobvTa TovTOVM. GAN’ od Aay@ ees d7d0ev S@s* GAN eyed. olor: mo0ev Aaydd por yevioeTar; > / ‘ / ” / ® Ovpé, veri Bwpoddyov eEeupé Tt. opds T49’, @ Kkaxddaypov; , / dAlyov ou peAet* 1195 ” exewou yap ws &u’ epxovras. Tives ; ” , mpéaBets €xovtes apyupiov BaddAdvria. mov 70v; , / a > > 27 \ La tl 8€ gow ToT’; ovK edces Tods E€vous; > A 8 c a ‘\ r a> MA 7, a & Anpidiov, opds Ta Aay@’ a oor depw; ” / 2Q7 ” 9% ¢ / OLLOL TdAas, adikws YE Tap bdripracas. 1200 vi Tov Tlocedd, Kat od yap tods ex I1vAov.

AHMOS. €im’, avTiBoAd, ms emevdnoas apmdcar;

AA. AH.

A A / ~ ~ A A / x2 / TO pev vonua Ths Oeob, To dé KAEup’ Epov. eyw 8 éexwdvvevo’.

tvrepa, pig’s * belly” to serve as “‘ belly-timber ” for the

ships.

o e

Three parts of water to two of wine. A parody of some tragic line. All through this scene

there are indications of parody.

238

S.S. DEMUS,.

S.S.

DEMUS.

S.s. PAPH. 8.8. PAPH. S.S.

PAPH. 8.8.

PAPH. S.s. PAPH. 8.S.

PAPH.

8.S. DEMUS.

8.S.

DE,

THE KNIGHTS, 1182-1204

With roe of fish, that we may row the better.

And now take these.

Whatever shall I do With these insides ? The Goddess sends you these To serve as planks inside your ships of war.* Plainly she looks with favour on our fleet. Here, drink this also, mingled three and two.” Zeus! but it’s sweet and bears the three parts well. Tritogeneia ’twas that three’d and two’d it. Accept from me this slice of luscious cake. And this whole luscious cake accept from me. Ah, you’ve no hare to give him ; that give I. O me, wherever can I get some hare ? Now for some mountebank device, my soul. Yah, see you this, poor Witless ? What care I? Fortheretheyare! Yes,therethey arecoming! Who ? Envoys with bags of silver, all for me. Where? Where? What’s that to you? Let be the strangers. My darling Demus, take the hare I bring. You thief, you’ve given what wasn’t yours to give ! Poseidon, yes ; you did the same at Pylus. Ha! Ha! what made you think of filching that ? The thought’s Athene’s, but the theft was mine.° *Twas I that ran the risk !

239

ARISTOPHANES

> ‘ > ” 4, TIA. eyo 8 wrrnod ye.

AHMOS. am’. od yap adAd Tob mapabévtos 7H xapts. 1205

TIA. olor KaKkodaipwv, vrepavadevOjoopat.

AA. TL od Siaxpivers, Ajj’, Omdtrepds €oTt vav avip dpeivwv TEepl oe Kal THY yaoTéepa;

AHMOS. T@ Sir’ av duds xpynoduevos Texpnpiw dd€ayue Kplvew tots Oeataiow codds;

AA. eyw dpdow aot. TI eunv KloTnv tev EVMaBe cwwrH, Kat Bacavicov arr ev, kat TH [LadAaydvos: KapeAer Kpwets KaADs.

AHMOS. dep’ idw, Ti odv EveoTw;

AA. ovdx Opds Kevnv ® manmidiuov; dmavta yap cou mapepdpour.

AHMOZ. avrn pev 7) KioTn TA TOD Siuov Ppovet.

Ad. Bddule yotv Kal deipo mpos tiv IladAaydvos. opas Ta’ ;

AHMO3. oo. TOV ayaldv dowv mAéa. Ocov TO xphua Tod mAakobvTos azé0ero* euol 8 edwKev amoTeuav TvvVOUTOV.

AA. To.adra pévTo. Kal mporepdov o° eipyaleTo* Gol fev mpocedidov puiKkpov dv eAdpBaver, abros 8 €avt@ mapetiber ta peilova.

AHMOS. @ pape, KAemTwv 5% pe Tabr e€nmaras; eyw O€ tu eotepaviéa Kddwpynodpny.

mA. eyo 8 Exdertov én’ ayab@ ye TH moAc.

AHMOS. KaTdfov taxéws Tov otépavov, Ww ey

‘ TouTwl avrov mepi0a.

* In the Doric dialect; said to be quoted from some protest of the Helots that their Poseidon had not done his part for them. The Scholiast says that Cleon had been awarded a (golden) crown by the people for his services.

240

1210

1215

1220

1225

PAPH. DEMUS. PAPH. S.S.

DEMUS.

S.S.

DEMUS. S.Ss.

DEMUS.

DEMUS.

S.S.

DEMUS.

PAPH. DEMUS.

THE KNIGHTS, 1204-1228

"Twas I that cooked it ! Be off : the credit’s his that served it up. Unhappy me! I’m over-impudenced. Why not give judgement, Demus, of us two Which is the better towards your paunch and ou? Well, what’s the test will make the audience think I give my judgement cleverly and well? I'll tell you what ; steal softly up, and search My hamper first, then Paphlagon’s, and note What’s in them; then you'll surely judge aright. Well, what does yours contain ? See here, it’s empty. Dear Father mine, I served up all for you. A Demus-loving hamper, sure enough. Now come along, and look at Paphlagon’s. Hey ! only see! Why here’s a store of dainties ! Why, here’s a splendid cheesecake he put by ! And me he gave the tiniest slice, so big. And, Demus, that is what he always does ; Gives you the pettiest morsel of his gains, And keeps by far the largest share himself. O miscreant, did you steal and gull me so, The while I crowned thy pow and gied thee gifties.? And if I stole ’twas for the public good. Off with your crown this instant, and I'll placeit On fam instead.

‘VOL. I R 241

ARISTOPHANES

‘AA. katd0ov raxéws, paotuyia. TIA. ov OMT’, eet pou xpnopos eott IlvOuKds dppalwy bd’ od p’ edénoev ArTGo8at povov. AA. todpov ye dpalwv dvoua Kal diav cadds. MA. Kal piv ao edéyEar BovAowar texunpiw, et te Evvoicerts TOO Deod tots Headarois. Kal gov ToootTo mp@Tov éxmeipdcopat* mais dv epoitas és Tivos didacKdAov; AA. ev Talow evoTpais KovdvAots pyoTTopmny. TA. 7@s elas; ws mod xpnopos dmrerar ppevav. elev. ev mavdorpiBov dé tiva maAnv enavOaves; AA. KAémtwv émopkeiv Kal Brérew evaytiov.

1A. ® Doif’ “AzoAdov Avie, Ti ToTE pe” Epydaet; jo49

/ 3 A / > > 4 Téxvnv Se tiva mor’ elyes eEavdpovpevos; AA. 7AAavroTéAovv— TIA. Kal Ti; AA. Kat Bweokopnv. ” / > 4 > ? 7 i ee > tA TIA. olm“or KaKodaipwr~ odKér’ oddev eip’ eye. / > / > > 243 > , AemrH tis eAmris ear ed? Fs dyotpeba. Kat [LoL TocodTOV «ind: TéTEpov ev ayopa > / > \ R)- 22> Ss a tA HAAavToTwAEs eredv 7) ?mt Tals mAs; AA. emt tats m¥Aavow, ob TO Tapixos WyLOV. TIA. olor wémpaxtar Tod Deod 7d Oéadarov. , KvAivser” elow tovde Tov Svadaipova. & orépave, xaipwv dmb, cal o° adxwv eyo / A > ‘ / Aeimw* aé 8 dANos tis AaBaw KexrHoerat, / \ > ” ~ > \ > KArérrns pev odk av. waAdov, edrvyis 8° tows.

4 od Sag the Telephus of Euripides. Avxvos is an epithet of pollo.

® Eurip. Bellerophon, fr. 302 Nauck; but here xvdivéere is substituted for xopltere.

° Parodied from the farewell speech of the dying Alcestis

242

8.8.

PAPH.

PAPH.

8.S.

PAPH.

S.S.

PAPH.

S.S.

PAPH.

S.S.

PAPH.

S.S.

PAPH.

THE KNIGHTS, 1228-1252

Off with it, filth, this instant. Not so; a Pythian oracle I’ve got Describing him who only can defeat me. Describing mr, without the slightest doubt. Well then I'll test and prove you, to discern How far you tally with the God’s predictions. And first I ask this question,—when a boy Tell me the teacher to whose school you went. Hard knuckles drilled me in the singeing pits. How say you? Heavens, the oracle’s word strikes home ! Well! What at the trainer’s did you learn to do? Forswear my thefts, and stare the accuser down. Phoebus Apollo! Lycius! what means this? 4 Tell me what trade you practised when a man. I sold sausages— Well? And sold myself. Unhappy me! I’mdone for. There remains One slender hope whereon to anchor yet. Where did you sell your sausages? Did you stand Within the Agora, or beside the Gates ? Beside the Gates, where the salt-fish is sold. O me, the oracle has all come true ! Roll in, roll in, this most unhappy man. O crown, farewell. Unwillingly I leave thee. Begone, but thee some other will obtain, A luckier man perchance, but not more— thievish.¢

to her marriage-bed, Ovijoxw* oé 5 dA Tis yuvh Kexrhoerat, | THppwv pev odK dy uaddov, edtvxis & tows, Eur. Ale. 181.

243

ARISTOPHANES

AA. ‘Eade Zeb, aov TO von TnpLOV. AH. @ xaipe Kaddinuxe, Kat pepvno ore dvnp yeyernoa dv ewes Kal o aitd Bpaxv, 125 omrws Eoopiat ou Mavos drroypapeds duk@v. AHMOS. epol dé y’ 6 TL cou Tovvop’ «im. AA. "A yopaxptros* év Tayopd yap KpwojLevos eBooxopny. AHMO3. °Ayopaxpire Tolvuv €uavTov é€ emiTpeTon, kal TOV Hadrayova TapadiOwpt TOUTOVL. 126 AA. Kal pny eyo a, @ Ajpe, beparrevow Karas, of opodoyely ce pndev”? avOpamav euod idety ducivw tH Kexynvaiwy mode.

xo. ti KdAMov apyopevovow ) KaTamavopevovow 126 an” ~ cf > ~ 9. 7 Qodv immwyv édarijpas aeidew pendev és Avotiorparov, \ 7 \ wie Ss pndé Oovpavrw tov avéoriov ad u- mew exovon Kapdia; Kal yap odtos, & did’ “AmoAdXov, aet 127 mewh, Oarepots Saxptorow ~ € / ss ~ ‘¢ ads amropevos dapétpas vba dia pq) KaK@s mévecOar,

AowWopijoa TovS movnpovs obdé €or’ éerrifOovov, GAA Tyr Totor xpnaTots, Gotis ed Aoyilerar. 407

* This was an Aeginetan title of Zeus, but it was used as a symbol of Greek unity. Cleon’s fall means the triumph of

ellenism.

» A hanger-on of Cleon’s (ef. W. 1220) who helped him in bringing actions.

* A surprise for ’A@nvalwr.

4 A vicious wretch: A. 855-59, W. 787, 1300-17.

244

THE KNIGHTS, 1253-1275

s.s. Hellanian * Zeus, the victory-prize is thine! pE. Hail, mighty Victor, nor forget ’twas I Made you a Man; and grant this small re- quest, Make me your Phanus,? signer of your writs. pEMus. Your name, what is it? S.S. Agoracritus. An Agora-life I lived, and thrived by wrang- ling. pemus. To Agoracritus I commit myself, And to his charge consign this Paphlagon. s.s. | And, Demus, I will always tend you well, And you shall own there never lived a man

Kinder than I to the Evergaping ¢ City.

CHOR. O what is a nobler thing, Beginning or ending a song, For horsemen who joy in driving Their fleet-foot coursers along, Than—Never to launch a lampoon at Lysistratus,? scurvy buffoon ; Or at heartless Thumantis ¢ to gird, poor starveling, in lightness of heart ; Who is weeping hot tears at thy shrine, Apollo, in Pytho f divine, And, clutching thy quiver, implores to be healed of his poverty’s smart !

For lampooning worthless wretches, none should bear the bard a grudge ; *Tis a sound and wholesome practice, if the case you rightly judge.

¢ Noted for his leanness, 4 Delphi. 245

ARISTOPHANES

a “~ ‘ 4 ei prev obv avOpwros, dv Set 7OAN axodoa Kal KaKd,

> ‘ > , / abros Hv evdnAos, odk av avdpos euvynoOnv didrov.

lon >> / A i) \ bid > 5 > vov 8 ’Apiyvwrov yap odvdeis dotis odK emioTarat, / Goris 7) TO AevKOY oidev 7} TOV OpOiov vopmor. nan ° , €aTw ody adeAdos atT@ Tods Tpdmous od ovyyevijs, 128( "Apippddns tmovnpds. aAAd Tobro ev Kat BovAerat: > ‘ > > / / > 4 35° a“ > 6 / €ari 8° od pdvov Trovnpds, od yap ovd’ av Hobopunr, 4 / ovde mapmdvnpos, GAAG Kal mpocekedpnKe TL. TI yap abtod yA@rrav aicxpais 4Sovais Avpaiverat, > / / \ > / / €v Kacaupetoot Aciywv tiv amdmrvatov Spdcov, 128: ~ / Kal portvwr tiv dajvyv, kal KUKaY Tas eoxdpas, ‘ / ~ \ \ > / kat TloAvpyjoreva mowbv, Kal Evvov Oiwvixw. ~ 4,

doris ody ToLobrov avdpa jun) obddpa PdSedAvrTeTaL,

~ ~ / ov mor’ éx tadTob pc” ayudv mierar wornpiov.

4 modAdKis evyuxtacor 129 fpovtiot ovyyeyévnat, Kat duelirnx’ omdbev roré davAws

eobier KAedvupos.

* Arignotus the harper, Ariphrades the vile creature here described, and a third, a famous actor, were sons of Automenes. See W. 1275-83, P. 883. .

» A surprise for the ending of the proverb doris olde 7d AevKdv 4 7d pédav, “ who knows white from black.”

* Polymnestus and Oeonichus were probably well-known wastrels ; but 74 IloAvur4orea usually means the fine songs or tunes of Polymnestus, a musician.

4 See 958 and Index.

246

THE KNIGHTS, 1276-1293

Now if he whose evil-doings I must needs expose to blame Were himself a noted person, never had I named the name Of a man I love and honour. Is there one who knows not well Arignotus,? prince of harpers ? None, believe me, who can tell How the whitest colour differs from the stirring tune he plays.® Arignotus has a brother (not a brother in his ways) Named Ariphrades, a rascal— nay, but that’s the fellow’s whim— Not an ordinary rascal, or I had not noticed him. Not a thorough rascal merely ; he’s invented something more, Novel forms of self-pollution, bestial tricks unknown before. Yea, to nameless filth and horrors does the loathsome wretch descend, Works the work of Polymnestus,° calls Oeonichus ¢ his friend. Whoso loathes not such a monster never shall be a friend of mine, Never from the selfsame goblet quaff, with us, the rosy wine. And oft in the watches of night My spirit within me is thrilled, To think of Cleonymus ¢ eating As though he would never be filled. O whence could the fellow acquire that appetite deadiy and dire ?

247

ARISTOPHANES

A dact ev yap adrov €pemTopevoy Ta TOV exovTwy avépwv > n” > a > \ ~ 4 ovk av e€eAOeciv amd THs ovnvys, \ > > cal ba e / tovs 8 dvriBodeiv av opotws* ‘ 4 0’, @ dva, mpos yovdrwv, e€eAPe Kai avy- yuo TH Tpaméely.

hac adAjAas EvveADciv tas Tpunpets eis Adyov, Kat plav AeEa tw” adtav, yrs Hv yeparrépa* b \ / a > s / > ~ / ovde muvOdveobe Tabr’, & mapbevor, Trav TH TOAEL; daclv airetcbai tw’ judv éexatov és Kapynddva ¥ / / 2-7 ¢€ /, avipa poxOnpov, moAirny o€ivnv, “YmépBodAov- tais Sé dd€ar Sewov elvar tobro KovK avacyerov, / > > a 4 > ~ > > > v4 Kai Tw’ eimeiv, 7rts | avd pv dooov odK eAnAvben- darorporraw’ , od ONT” eno8 y’ ap&e mor’, an” edv Me xpi, bo Tepyddovwv oareio’ evratla Karaynpdoopa. ovde Navdavrns ye tis Navowvos, od d97’, & Deol, cimep ex mevKnsS ye Kay Kal EvAwY éemnyvdpnv. n“ hie > / a > 7A@. / ~ 0 / Cal qv 8 dpéoxn taSr nvaios, Kabjobai wor SoKet eis TO Onociov rAcovoas 7) ’mi TOY cepvdv Oedv.

2 Don’t eat the table too.

» The names of Athenian ships were feminine: see Corpus Inser. Att. ii. 789 ff.

¢ From Euripides, Alemaeon, fr. 66 Nauck.

@ Hyperbolus is called a ox @npds dvOpwros by Thucydides, viii. 73. 3, and he became with Cleon a by-word. We do not tare whether an expedition to Carthage was proposed by him.

¢ ’Arorpbratos, a title of Apollo, the “Averter,” used in

4 Nauphante is the name of the trireme, and probably Nae was meant for the builder.

9 'To take sanctuary, as runaway slaves did in the Theseium. The Zeuval were the ’Epwies or Furies. Both these shrines were in the city.

248

12

13

1:

lk

THE KNIGHTS, 1294-1312

They say when he grazes with those

whose table with plenty is stored That they never can get him awa from the trencher, though humbly they pray Have mercy, O King, and depart ! O spare, we beseech thee, the board ! +

Recently, ’tis said, our galleys met their prospects to discuss, And an old experienced trireme

introduced the subject thus ; “ Have ye heard the news, my sisters? ®

tus the talk in every street,° That Hyperbolus the worthless,

vapid townsman, would a fieet

Of a hundred lovely galleys

lead to Carthage far away.” 4 Over every prow there mantled

deep resentment and dismay. Up and spoke a little galley,

yet from man’s pollution free, “ Save us !¢ such a scurvy fellow

never shall be lord of me. Here I'd liefer rot and moulder,

and be eaten up of worms.” “ Nor Nauphante, Nauson’s daughter J

shall he board on any terms ; I, like you, can feel the insult ;

I'm of pine and timber knit. Wherefore, if the measure passes,

I propose we sail and sit Suppliant at the shrine of Theseus, or the Dread Avenging Powers.!

249

ARISTOPHANES

od yap Huav ye orparny@v eyxavetrau Th moAeL* d.AAd, mAciTw _Xwopis avTos és Kopakas, ef BovAeTat tas oxddas, ev ais emuAer Tods AVxvous, KafeAKUoas. 13)

AA. evdhnueiv xpi) Kal oTdua KAclew, Kal papTupia@v dméxeobat, Kat Ta SiKaoTHpia ovyKAclew, ols 4 moAis ye yey Fev, emt kawatow oi edruxiaow mavvilew TO ) Béarpov. XO. @ tats lepais déyyos *AOyjvais Kat tals vijcos

emixoupe, tiv’ eX djunv ayabiy jKes, ef dtm Kvicdpev ayulds ; 13 A AA. TOV Ajjjwov adefynoas tyuiv Kadov e€ aicxpod memoinka. XO. Kal mod “oTw viv, ® Oavpaoras e&evpioxwv emuwotas ; > a > / > a a > , AA. ev tatow iooreddvois oikel Tais apyaiaow "AOjvats. ~ nn ow / >” / xO. 7@s dv _ Bouver 5 moiav Tw” éxer oKevnv; xolos Yeyernr a; AA. olds mep *Apioteidn mpdtepov Kat MuidAriady Evveoires. 13: deabe Sé* Kal yap avoryvupevwr odos dn TOV mpomvAaiwy. . GAN dAodAvEate dawopevarow ais apyaiaow — "A Ojvaus ‘ a ‘ , ao ¢ \ a kal Javpaorats Kat moAvdpvors, tv’ 6 KAewos Atmos > a e€vouKel.

* Suggested by the story of Medea. She boiled an old ram and made him young. Apollodorus, i, 9. 27.

250

S.S.

CHOR,

8.8. CHOR. 8.8.

CHOR.

8.S.

THE KNIGHTS, 1313-1328

He shall ne’er, as our commander, Sool it o’er this land of ours. If he wants a little voyage, let him launch his sale-trays, those Whereupon he sold his lanterns, steering to the kites and crows.”

O let not a word of ill omen be heard ; away with all proof and citation, And close for to-day the Law Courts, though they are the joy and delight of our nation. At the news which I bring let the theatre ring with Paeans of loud acclamation. O Light of the City, O Helper and friend of the islands we guard with our fleets, What news have you got? O tell me for what shall the sacrifice blaze in our streets ? Old Demus I’ve stewed till his youth is renewed, and his aspect most charming and nice is.¢ O where have you left him, and where is he now, you inventor of wondrous devices ? He dwells in the City of ancient renown, which the violet chaplet is wearing. O would I could see him! O what is his garb, and what his demeanour and bearing ? As when, for his mess-mates, Miltiades bold and just Aristeides he chose. But now ye shall see him, for, listen, the bars of the great Propylaea unclose. Shout, shout to behold, as the portals unfold, fair Athens in splendour excelling, The wondrous, the ancient, the famous in song, where the noble Demus is dwelling !

251

ARISTOPHANES

> \ ‘ \ > / ‘ > / xO. @ Tat Aurapat Kat loorépavor Kal apulnAwTor

"AO jvat, deiEate tov rhs “ENAddos juiv Kal ths yhs Thode povapxov. a7Q> > Cal Ci" 1a ~ > , / AA, 00° eéxeivos opav teTtvyopopOv, dpyaiw oxnuare Aapmpos, 5] ~ + > A ~ , , ov xoipwav dlwv, aAda orovddy, ontpyvn KaTa- Acurros.

xo. xaip’, @ Bactred TOV ‘EV fveov Kal oow €vy- Xaipopev Hels. ~ A / ” / ‘ A ~ Tis yap ToAews aka mpdrrets Kat tod Mapabdve TpoTraiov. AHMOS. @ ¢didrar’ avdpdv, ede Seip’, "Ayopdxprre. 1 Ld / > 47Q? > , doa pe Sédpaxas aya? adejoas. AA. eye; adn’, d per’, od« ofc8 ofos ija8” attés mdpos, 299 > : AY A / * / ovo of edpas: cue yap vopilous av Oedv. AHMOX. Tid eSpev ™po 700, Kdreume, Kal totes Ts vE ; AA. mparrov pev, om6T” trot Ts ev THKKANCIA, l & Ajj’, epacris 7° eiui ads Pu@ té ge kai Kydopmal cov Kal mpoBovredw pdvos, TovTols OmOTE XpHoaLTd Tis mpoowysiors, avwpTadiles KaKepoutias. AHMOS. ey; > > / > > ‘ 4 ” AA. elt’ é€amratjoas o° dvti tovrww wyeTO. 1 AHMOX. TL djs; Ul > > A A ~ > ? > / TavTl » edpwr, eyd dé tobr’ odk Hobdunv; 4 | AEE, / > » A > 3 / AA. Ta 8’ Gra y’ av oov vi) A’ é€ererdvvuto ov / ‘ / 4 w@omep oxidaderov Kal médw E~vvyyero. 252

THE KNIGHTS, 1329-1348

cuor. O shining old town of the violet crown, O Athens the envied, display 4 The Sovereign of Hellas himself to our gaze, the monarch of all we survey. s.s. See, see where he stands, no vote in his hands, but the golden cicala ® his hair in, All splendid and fragrant with peace and with myrrh, and the grand old apparel he’s wearing ! cuor. Hail, Sovereign of Hellas ! with thee we rejoice, right glad to behold thee again Enjoying a fate that is worthy the State and the trophy on Marathon’s plain. pEemus. O Agoracritus, my dearest friend, What good your stewing did me ! 8.8. Say you so? Why, if you knew the sort of man you were, And what you did, you’d reckon me a god. pemus. What was I like? What did Ido? Inform me. s.s. First, if a speaker in the Assembly said O Demus, I’m your lover, I alone Care for you, scheme for you, tend and love you well, I say if anyone began like that You clapped your wings and tossed your horns. DEMUS. What, I? s.s. Then in return he cheated you and left. pemus. O did they treat me so, and I not know it! s.s. Because, by Zeus, your ears would open wide And close again, like any parasol.

@ The opening words are quoted from Pindar, who first applied them to Athens in a dithyramb, Frag. 76 (Sandys).

» Worn in old days by Athenians in their hair: Thuc. i. 6. 3.

¢ A marble monument near the great barrow on the site of the battle: W. 711.

253

ARISTOPHANES

AHMO3. ovriws dvdnTos eveyer ny al yepwv ;

AA. Kal v7) A’? «i ye S00 Aeyoirny p Purope, 1350 6 pev trovetoVar vats Aéywv, 6 5 €repos a Katapobohophaa Tob0’, 6 Tov picbov Aéywv TOV TAS TPLNpELs TAapadpaywv av wWyeETO. obros, Tt KUTTELS 5 odxt KaTa ywpav eves ;

AHMO3. aioxvvopat Tou Tats mporepov dpaptiows. 1355

AA. aAd’ ov ov ToUTWW airvos, p27) Ppovtions, add’ ot oe tabr’ e€nrdtwv. vov 8 ad dpdcov: édy TUs etry Baporoxos fvvyyopos, ovK corw bpiv Tots Sucaorais GAgura, ef pu) Katayvwceabe ravrny Thy diKny, 1360 Tovrov Ti Spaces, eimé, Tov Evvyyopov; AHMO. dpas jueTEwpov és TO Bdpabpov euBard, ek Too Adpuyyos € exkpendoas “YmrépBodov. AA. Tour pev opbds Kal Ppovipes 707 A€yets: 7a 8° dAda, Pep. dw, 7&s Todrevoer Ppdaov. 1365 AHMO3. mpd@rov peev orrdaot vats €Aavvovow papas, KaTayouevots Tov pobov amodwaw ‘vreAj. AA. toAdois y’ droXAlorots TmuyWiovow € €xapiow. AHMOZ. ézreuf? omlirns evreleis ev katadoyw ovdeis Kara. omrovdas pereyypapnaerat, 1370 add’ Oorep ay TO mpO@Tov eyyeyparberar. AA. TOobT’ edaxe Tov mOpTaKa, TOV KAcwvdpov. AHMOX. 00d’ ayopdce: y’ dyévetos ovdels € ev dyopé. AA. 700 dira. Krevobevys 3 dyopacet. Kal Zrparow ; AHMOS. Ta peipaKia TavTi déyw, Tav TO pdpw, 1375

. Lysias, 7 i Be says that similar threats were really made : el pn karaynpretaBe Gy xedevovow érirelWer duds picOogopd. “ Barley ”* means “ daily bread.”

» Below a precipice of the rock of the Pnyx, in the corner between Town Wall and Long Wall, outside the city.

254 -

_—

DEMUS.

8.S.

DEMUS.

8.S.

DEMUS.

S.S.

DEMUS.

S.S.

DEMUS.

DEMUS.

S.S.

DEMUS.

THE KNIGHTS, 1349-1375

Had I so old and witless grown as that ?

And if, by Zeus, two orators proposed,

One to build ships of war, one to increase

Official salaries, the salary man

Would beat the ships-of-war man in a canter.

Hallo! why hang your head and shift your ground ?

I am ashamed of all my former faults.

You're not to blame ; pray don’t imagine that.

*Twas they who tricked you so. But answer this ;

If any scurvy advocate should say,

Now please remember, justices, yell have

No barley, if the prisoner gets off free,*

How would you treat that scurvy advocate ?

I'd tie Hyperbolus about his neck,

And hurl him down into the Deadman’s Pit.?

Why now you are speaking sensibly and well.

How else, in public business, will you act ?

First, when the sailors from my ships of war

Come home, I'll pay them all arrears in full.

For that, full many a well-worn rump will bless you.

Next, when a hoplite’s placed in any list,°

There shall he stay, and not for love or money

Shall he be shifted to some other list.

That bit the shield-strap of Cleonymus.4

No beardless boy shall haunt the agora now.

That’s rough on Straton and on Cleisthenes.?

I mean those striplings in the perfume-mart,

¢ 7.e. for service on some expedition; but influence might be used to get a name removed, P. 1180.

4 Cleonymus had not yet thrown away his shield at Delium, but he must have been known as a coward.

¢ Two effeminates: A. 122.

255

ARISTOPHANES

a orwpurcirar TOLADL Kabruevo.” codes y 6 Daiag, defids T ovK dmeBave. OVVEPKTLKOS yap €oTt Kal TEPAVTLKOS, Kal YVWMLOTUTTUKCOS Kal oadns Kal KpovoTLKoS Karahnmrucds 7 dpwoTa Tob BopuByrucod. 1380 AA. ovKovy KatadakTvALKds od Tot AadnTiKod; auMox. pa Al’, add’ avaykdow Kuvyyereiv eya) TovUTous amavtTas, Tavoapevous wndropdtwv. AA. €xe vuv él tovTois TovTovi Tov dKAadiay, Kal maid’ evopynv, Os mepioicer TOvde Gol’ 1385 Kav tov Sox cor, Todrov oKAadiav oie. AHMOS. paKdpios és Tapxaia 57 Kabiorapa. AA. dices y’, €mevdav Tas TpaKkovTourioas omovoas |, mapasa cot. dedp’ 8 ai LXaovdai TAXU. AHMOX. ® Zeb trodvtipnl’, ws Kadai: mpos Ta&v bedv, 1390 efcorw avtOv Kararpiaxovroutica; ms €daBes abras éredv; AA. ov yap 6 IlagAayeov dmexpumre Tavras évdov, iva ov pay AdBots ; viv obv eye got Trapadidwy’ eis Tovs dypais avras lévar AaBovra. AHMO3. TOV de Hapdaydva, 1395 os Tabr’ edpacev, cig’ 6 Tt Trounaers KaKOV. AA. oddev pey” GAN’ y) Thy epnv e&ee TéeXVNY” emt Tats mdaus aMavromwaArjoee jLovos, Ta KUvera puvyvds Tots dvelois mpayyacw,

@ The passage ridicules an affectation of using adjectives in -txés. For Phaeax see Thuc. v. 4, and Plut. Wie. 11, Ale, 13. He was of some importance in polities, The Scholiast says he had been tried for his life and acquitted.

256

8.8. DEMUS.

8.8.

DEMUS.

S.s.

DEMUS.

8.8.

DEMUS.

8.8.

THE KNIGHTS, 1376-1399

Who sit them down and chatter stuff like this, Sharp fellow, Phaeax ; wonderful defence ; Coercive speaker ; most conclusive speaker 3 Effective ; argumentative ; incisive ; Superlative against the combative.* You're quite derisive of these talkatives. I'll make them all give up their politics, And go a-hunting with their hounds instead. Then on these terms accept this folding-stool? ; And here’s a boy to carry it behind you. No eunuch he ! O, I shall be once more A happy Demus as in days gone by. I think you'll think so when you get the sweet Thirty-year treaties. Treaties dear, come here. Worshipful Zeus ! how beautiful they are. Wouldn't I like to solemnize them all. Whence got you these ? Why, had not Paphlagon Bottled them up that you might never see them ? Now then I freely give you them to take Back to your farms, with you. But Paphlagon Who wrought all this, how will you punish him ? Not much : this only : he shall ply my trade, Sole sausage-seller at the City gates. There let him dogs’-meat mix with asses’ flesh,

> Tt was the fashion in olden days for rich citizens to have these carried for them by attendants when they went to assemblies or the like.

VOL. I s 257

ARISTOPHANES

pcOdwv te Tals mépvacor AowoprHoerat, 1400 Kak Tt&v Badaveiwy mera TO AovTpuov. AHMOS. €0 y’ émevdnoas obmép eoTw akwos, mopvato. Kat Badavedor Siaxexpayévas, Kai o° avi tovTwy és TO mpuravetov KarA@ és THY edpav 0, wv” exeivos Fv 6 dapyaxds. 1405 émov d€ tavtnvi AaBav tiv Barpayida: Kakeivov exdepérw tis ws emt tiv Téxvay, w’ idwow adrov, ofs ehwBa’, of E€vor,

258

THE KNIGHTS, 1400-1408

There let him, tipsy, with the harlots wrangle, And drink the filthy scouring of the bath.

pemus. A happy thought ; and very fit he is

To braw] with harlots and with bathmen there.

But you I ask to dinner in the Hall,

To take the place that scullion held before.

Put on this frog-green robe and follow me.

Whilst him they carry out to ply his trade,

That so the strangers, whom he wronged, may

see him.@

@ Strangers were not present at the Lenaean festival.

259

ort

THE CLOUDS

INTRODUCTION

Tue Clouds was produced at the Great Dionysia 423 B.c. The first prize was awarded to Cratinus with the Wine-flagon, the second to Ameipsias with the Connos, and Aristophanes was third and last.

The present is a revised edition published, but not exhibited, some years later, for in the New Parabasis the poet refers to the Maricas of Eupolis which was produced 421 B.c. In one of the Greek arguments prefixed to the play, it is stated that this revision (di6pOwois) extends generally “ through almost every part,” but that it is “ entire” (6Aocyemjs) (1) in the Parabasis, (2) ““ where the Just Logic speaks to the Unjust,” and (3) “ where the school of Socrates is set on fire.”

As to the Parabasis (518-562) where Aristophanes, speaking in the first person, expresses his indignation at his defeat, there can be no doubt. As regards (2) Mr. Rogers justly holds that this does not refer to the whole dispute between the Adyo: (for this “ is the very core of the play ”’), but to the magnificent anapaests in which the Just Logic describes “ the ancient education,” 961 seq. As regards (3) there can be little certainty.

The aim of the Comedy is to attack the Sophistical system of Education, which like “‘ some subtle and insidious disease was sapping the very life of old 262

THE CLOUDS

Athenian character ; which for a money payment taught men to argue not for Truth but for Victory ; to assail all traditional beliefs ; and to pride them- selves on their ability to take up a bad cause and make it triumph over the right.” ¢

In taking Socrates as “the representative and embodiment in a concrete form” of the Sophistic ° school Aristophanes is notoriously unjust. No one had less regard for speculation about 7a petéwpa and ra bd Tis ys than Socrates; to take money for teaching was in his eyes a crime 3 and the whole of his dialectic aimed not at “making the worse appear the better reason,’ but at the discovery of ethical truth. None the less, as Grote remarks, “ if an Athenian had been asked ‘ Who are the principal Sophists in your city?’ he would have named Socrates among the first,” while he seemed to court caricature as he ambled round the agora and gymnasia, “ bald-headed, with the countenance of a satyr and a protuberant belly, habitually barefoot, clad only in a shabby gaberdine (rpiBwv) without even the usual undergarment (xerov).” ®

That the Athenians took the attack on him seriously, or that it had the least effect on his con- demnation in 399, is wholly questionable. Plutarch (De educat. puerorum, c. 14, p. 10 c) relates that, when asked if he was not “indignant” at it, he replied, “No, not I; I am chaffed in the theatre as in a wine-party ”; and Plato in the Symposium (221 B) not only brings in both Socrates and Aristophanes as guests who meet without offence, but makes Alci- biades quote the poet’s own words (1. 362) as an

* Rogers, Introduction, p. xviii. Ibid. p. xxi. 263

ARISTOPHANES

admirable description of Socrates. Nor is it probable that, if he had held Aristophanes partly guilty for his master’s execution, he would when dying have kept a copy of his comedies in his bed, or published his inimitable epigram :

7

al Xdpires, réwevds Te AaBety Srrep ovxX! mecetra Fnrodcam, Wuxhv ebpov ’Apisropavods.*

In fact, when Socrates at the beginning of the Apology is made not only to quote the Clouds but to put phrases from it into an imaginary legal indict- ment, of which he says he is in more terror than of his actual accusers, it may well be that Plato—_ “putting into his mouth reflexions upon the Clouds which he, we may be sure, would never have uttered,” ’—indicates with fine irony that it was a poor charge which was less weighty than the jibe of a comedian. But whether this be so or not, the fact of Plato introducing the quotations as well known and familiar proves—as do similar quotations in the Oeconomicus and Symposium of Xenophon—that when he wrote the Clouds had already that established fame which it has ever since maintained.

a The Graces sought a heavenly shrine, which ne’er Shall come to nought, And in thy soul, Immortal Poet, found The shrine they sought. Rocers, > Rogers, Introd. p. xxiv.

264

TA TOY APAMATO2 ITPOZQIIA

ZTPEVIAAHS @ETATIINITAHS OEPATIQN ZTPEVIAAOYT MAOHTAL ZQKPATOTZ ZOKPATHS

XOPOS NE®EAQN AIKAIOZ AOTOS AAIKOZ AOTOZ TIAZIAZ

AMTNIAZ

MAPTYS

XAIPEGON

265

NE®EAAI

STPEVIAAHS. "Tod tov:

Zeb Baowrcd, TO Xpiwa Tay vunrav door. daépayTov. oddéro6 Hpepa yevijoer ae; Kat piv mdéda y ddextpudvos Hove’ eyed

¢ > > / cs > > > n” \ lol ot 8 oikéras peyKovow: add’ odK av mpd TOO. 5 > / a > > / ~ A

amddovo Sit’, & moAcne, toAA@Y ovveKa,

av 3 OA pee Ae 2 / \ 2 1%

or ovd€ KoAdo’ e€eoTi pow Tods olkéras.

/

adn’ 085’ 6 xpynotds obToai veavias

> / ~ / > A /

€yelpetar Tis vuKTos, aAAa mépderau

ev mevTe ovovpais eyKeKopdvAnpevos. 10 GAN’, «i Soxel, péeykmpev éyKexadvppevot.

GAN’ od Svvaprar SeiAavos eddew Saxvopevos bo THs Samavns Kal Tijs parvns kal TOV xpeav, dua TovTovl TOV vidv. 6 d¢ Kony Exwv immalerail Te Kal Fvvwpucevera 15 dverpotroAet & tmmous: éyw 8 amddAvpat, Op@v dyovoay tiv ceAnvny eikddas* of yap TOKOL xXwpodow. dmre, mat, Adxvov, Kakhepe TO ypapeparetor, wv dvayva) AaBev dmdaas odeiAw Kal Aoyiowpyar Tods TéKOUS. 20 hep idw, ti dheiAw; “ dudexa pvas Tacia.”

4 At the back of the stage are two buildings—the house of

266

“afre, CLOUDS*

STREPSIADES. O dear! O dear! O Lord! O Zeus! these nights, how long they are. Will they ne’er pass ? will the day never come ? Surely I heard the cock crow, hours ago. Yet still my servants snore. These are new customs. O ‘ware of war for many various reasons ; One fears in war even to flog one’s servants. And here’s this hopeful son of mine wrapped up Snoring and sweating under five thick blankets. Come, we'll wrap up and snore in opposition.

(Tries to sleep) But I can’t sleep a wink, devoured and bitten By ticks, and bugbears, duns, and race-horses, All through this son of mine. He curls his hair,® And sports his thoroughbreds, and drives his tandem ; Even in dreams he rides : while I—I’m ruined, Now that the Moon has reached her twentieths, And paying-time comes on. Boy ! light a lamp, And fetch my ledger : now I'll reckon up Who are my creditors, and what I owe them. Come, let me see then. Fifty pounds to Pasias !

Strepsiades and the Phrontisterion. The interior of the first is exposed to view by means of the eccyclema. ® Like the Knights; ef. K. 580. * Interest was payable on the first day of each new month, and the days after the twentieth mark its near approach. 267

ARISTOPHANES

~ / a / 4 2 , tod dWdexa pvas Ilacia; ri expnodunv; / or empidnv Tov KoTmaTiav. olor TaAas,

<i?” eEexdanv mpdtepov tov dfbaduov AiOw.

SEIAINMIAHS. DidAwy, ddixeis: Ehavve Tov cavTod Spopov. 2

3T.

3T.

PEI.

ye ee \ \ \ Lid > > 7 TovT €oT. TovTL TO KaKoV 6 p’ amoAwAeKeV" overpoTroAc? yap Kat KabevVdwv inmKyp. méaous Spdpmous eAG Ta ToAEMLOTHpLA; > \ \ A A 43 > Vd / ewe pev ad troAAods Tov Trarép’ eAatves Spdpovs. 3 A ce / / ” ? \ \ / atap “tt xpéos €Ba’’ pe peta tov Ilaciav; 3

tal lal = ba! , “cpeis pvat Sidpicxov Kal tpoxoiv ’Apuvia.” + \ a > / ” amaye Tov tmmov e€adioas olKade. > > > 4\> > / > / > > ~ > ~ ar’, d per’, eEjdukas eué y ex Tov euav, “ A ig A + /, oTe Kal Sikas wdAnka yaTEpoL TOKOV evexupdocobai dacw. > / > ,

: ETEOV, W TATED, 88 ti dvoKodaivers Kal orpéper tiv vdy8 dAnv; ddxver pe Sipuapyds Tis ex TOV oTpwyarwr. €acov, ® Sadvie, katadapbeiv ri pe. av 8 obv Kdbevde: ta 5é ypéa tadr’ tof dre > \ \ Ad \ A /, es THY Kehadiy dravra Tiv onv Tpéperar. 40 ded. ci?” wher % mpopviotp amoAécba KaKds,

Ld oT See Pe, \ \ / HTS Me yh’ entpe tiv ov prepa: €uot yap hv dypouxos 7dvotos Bios, evpwTidv, akdpnTos, elk) KElpevos, , / \ / \ tA Bptwv perirras Kat mpoBdrows Kal oreuddrows. 45 ” a LA “~ / ereit €ynua Meyaxdéovs tod MeyaxaAéous

* Lit. “the horse branded with a koppa (9),” the symbol of Corinth, where the breed was supposed to descend from Pegasus.

268

THE CLOUDS, 22-46

Why fifty pounds to Pasias ? what were they for ? O, for the hack * from Corinth. O dear! O dear! I wish my eye had been hacked out before—

PHEIDIPPIDES. (Jn his sleep) You are cheating, Philon ;

ST.

PH,

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST. PH. ST.

keep to your own side. Ah! there it is! that’s what has ruined me! Even in his very sleep he thinks of horses. (In his sleep) How many heats do the war-chariots run? A pretty many heats you have run your father. Now then, what debt assails me ° after Pasias ? A curricle and wheels. Twelve pounds. Amynias. (In his sleep) Here, give the horse a roll, and take him home.

You have rolled me out of house and home, my boy, Cast in some suits already, while some swear They'll seize my goods for payment.

Good, my father, What makes you toss so restless all night long ? There’s a bumbailiff ° from the mattress bites me. Come now, I prithee, let me sleep in peace. Well then, you sleep ; only be sure of this, These debts will fall on your own head at last. Alas, alas ! For ever cursed be that same match-maker, Who stirred me up to marry your poor mother. Mine in the country was the pleasantest life, Untidy, easy-going,? unrestrained, Brimming with olives, sheepfolds, honey-bees. Ah! then I married—I a rustic—her

> rb xpéos €8a we is from an unknown play of Euripides: Schol. ¢ Ojuapxos: a surprise instead of xdpis or ida. He was the

headman of the deme, and also issued executions for unpaid debts. @ Lit. “ mouldy, unswept.”

269

ARISTOPHANES

adeAdidiv aypoixos av &€ aoTews, ceuviy, Tpvd@cav, eyKeKovoupwpevyy. Phe ravTyy OT eydpovv, ovykatekAwouny eyed a / dlwy tpvyds, Tpacids, epiwy Tepiovatas, 4 8 ad pdtpov, KpdKov, KatayAwTTiopaTov, ~ / Samdvns, Aadvypot, KwAiddos, TevervAAtéos. od pay ep@ y ws dpyos Hv, GAd’ éordba. eya 8 av avrH Ooipartiov Sexvds Todi a ? mpdpacw épackov, @ ytvar, Alav onabGs.” ad ” ~ @EPATION. €Aatov ty odk Eeveot ev TH AdYVY. ST. olor Ti yap pow Tov moTHv hres Adxvov; Seip’ eA’, wa KAdys. A / ~ 4 @E. dua, ti Sra KAavoouar; 3T. Ort TOV Tayeidv everiBers Opvaddidov.

\ af? i al > / > €\ , pera TSO’, Orws vv eyével” vios odroai, €uol te 81) Kal TH yuvakl rayalA,

‘ > / ‘ > lol > 4 qept Tovvopmatos o1) “vTe00ev eAowWopovpcba: 2) pev yap tinmov mpoceriber mpos Tovvoma, EavOiraov 7 Xdpurmov 7 KaddAurmidny, > \ A ~ / > / / eyw S€ Tod mdmmov “TiWeuny Dedwvidyr. Téws pev ody expwouel’: cita TH xpovp

A / > / /

Kkown EvveBnuev Kkabeucla Devdimridyy. Totrov Tov viov AauBdvovo’ éxopilero,

Ld \ / ” Ld > > / \ / orav od péyas @v app’ eAatvns mpos moAw, Ld / /Q>) > A > » dorep Meyakréns, Evorid’ exwv. eya 8 edny, orav pev obv Tas alyas ex Tod deAAews, woTep 6 TaTip cov, diupepav evnppevos.

GAN odk éifero tois euots ovdev Adyots,

@ Lit. ** of M. the son of M.,” the repetition of the name being intended to enhance its importance. Megacles was a common name for the male, as Coesyra for the female, children of the aristocratic Alemaeonid family.

270

7

THE CLOUDS, 47-73

A fine town-lady, niece of Megacles.*

A regular, proud, luxurious, Coesyra.

This wife I married, and we came together,

I rank with wine-lees, fig-boards,’ greasy woolpacks ;

She all with scents, and saffron, and tongue-kissings,

Feasting, expense, and lordly modes of loving.“

She was not idle though, she was too fast.4

I used to tell her, holding out my cloak,

Threadbare and worn ; Wife, you’re too fast by half. SERVANT-Boy. Here’s no more oil remaining in the lamp. st. Ome! what made you light the tippling lamp ?

Come and be whipp’d.

SERV. Why, what would you whip me for? st. Why did you put one of those thick wicks in ? _ Well, when at last to me and my good woman

This hopeful son was born, our son and heir,

Why then we took to wrangle on the name.

She was for giving him some knightly name,

“ Callippides, ‘‘ Xanthippus,” or “ Charippus ” :

I wished ‘‘ Pheidonides,” his grandsire’s ¢ name,

Thus for some time we argued : till at last

We compromised it in Pheidippides.

This boy she took, and used to spoil him, saying,

Oh ! when you are driving to the Acropolis, clad

Like Megacles, in your purple ; whilst I said

Oh ! when the goats you are driving from the fells,

Clad like your father, in your sheepskin coat.

Well, he cared nought for my advice, but soon

® On which they were dried in the sun.

* Kwdias and I'evervAXs are names of love-deities.

* orafdw is literally “ to ply the shuttle” (c7d6n), then as a slang term ‘‘ to squander.”

* Boys were regularly named after a grandfather ; cf. B. 283. Pheidonides = “‘ a son of thrift” (pecdé).

271

ARISTOPHANES

a / GAN’ immepdv pov Karéxeev TOY ypnudrwr. ~ “oi vov obv odnv tiv vdKra dpovrilwr, dddov play edpov, arpamov Saysoviws drepdva, qv qv avarelow tovtovi, awycopuae. aA’ é€eyeipar mpOrov adrov BovAomar. ~ a > nn 7 > ° ‘ > / ~ mas Snr av ydvorT” adrov eneyeipayu; mOs; Medir7idn, Dedurmidiov. Ti, @ TaTEp; ta ‘ \ aA \ A 4, KUGOV pe Kal THV xElpa Sos Ti Sekvav. idov. Ti €oTw; > / lal > , elmé poo, pircis ene; \ \ ~ \ A ev vy tov Ilocewd tovtovi tov tamov. Hy pot ye tobrov pndauas tov tmmov: obtos yap 6 Deds aitids por THY KaKav. a > GAN’ cimep ek Tis Kapdias p’ dvrws didrets, @® mat, mOod. / > / ~ , Ti obv miOwua SATa Got; ExoTpepov ws TaxioTa Tos GavTod TpdmoUS, > Kat pdvOav’ éOdv adv eyd mapawéow. Aéye 8H, Ti KedAcvers; Kl TL TeELoEL; , TeEloopLat, 4 A , vy tov Ardvucor. ~ > Seipd vuv amdPrere. . pa A /, ~ \ > / opas To Ouipiov todro Kal tw@xidiov; op@. ti odv tobr’ early éredv, & marep; puxav coddv tobr’ éort dpovtiarijpiov. evtaitl’ évoixobo’ avdpes ot tov odpavov A€yovtes dvareiBovaw cis eoTw myeds

* Lit. “ he poured a plague of horse-fever upon.” trmepos is

invented in imitation of tkrepos “‘ jaundice.”

272

» rovrovi: pointing to some statuette of Poseidon near his bed.

75

95

THE CLOUDS, 74-96

A galloping consumption caught * my fortunes, Now cogitating all night long, I’ve found One way, one marvellous transcendent way, Which if he’ll follow, we may yet be saved. So,—but, however, I must rouse him first ; But how to rouse him kindliest ? that’s the rub. Pheidippides, my sweet one. PH. Well, my father. _ st. Shake hands, Pheidippides, shake hands and kiss me. PH. There; what’s the matter ? ST. Dost thou love me, boy ? pH. Ay! by Poseidon there,’ the God of horses. st. No, no, not that : miss out the God of horses, That God’s the origin of all my evils. _ But if you love me from your heart and soul, My son, obey me. PH. Very well: what in? st. Strip with all speed, strip off your present habits. And go and learn what I’ll advise you to. pH. Name your commands. _

ST. Will you obey ?

PH. I will, By Dionysus !

ST. Well then, look this way.

See you that wicket and the lodge beyond ?

pH. I see: and prithee what is that, my father ?

st. That is the thinking-house ¢ of sapient souls. There dwell themen who teach—aye, who persuade us, That Heaven is one vast fire-extinguisher 4

¢ The word ¢povricrjpiov, “ thinking-establishment,” is ap- parently the invention of Aristophanes. So mvvye’s is usually rendered. The Ravenna Scholiast gives three explanations, (1) ‘“ stove,” (2) ‘‘ the place where coals are crammed ” (cuymvt-yovrat), and (3) ‘* furnace” (poipvos).

VOL. I T 2738

PEI. ST.

El.

ARISTOPHANES

a A 2 or

KdoTw mépl Huds odtos, hueis 8 dvOpaxes. a nn obTo. SiddoKove’, apyvpiov nv tis di0@, Aéyovra viKadv Kal dikava KaduKa. claw dé tives; ? > > an y ovk 018’ axpib@s Tovvopa*

= , pepysvodpovtictal Kadoi te Kayabot.

aiBot, movnpoi y’, oida. tods aAalovas, ~ / TOS WxpL@VTAas, TOUS avUTOdHTOUS A€yets* e \ dv 6 Kakodaipwyv Lwkparns Kat Xawpehov. ] %, ovdrra* pndev elans vijmov. > > ww / ~ 4 > / adv’ et te Kyder THY TaTpwwv GAditwr, A , ToUTwWY ‘YyEvowd Jol, OXAGdMEVOS THY tmmUKHV. ovk av pa Tov Ardvucov, ei Soins ye pot ‘ \ a“ / /, * tovs Daocvavods ots tpéder Aewydpas. wf? > ~ > ion / > > cA \ eee. 0’, avtiBoA® o°, & didrrar’ avOpmmwv epol, eMav SiddoxKov. kal Ti co. pabjcopat; > > a Ed ‘ / elvat map’ adrois ¢dacw dudw tad Adyw, TOV KpeitTov’, GoTis éoTi, Kal TOV HTTOVA. a 4 TovTow Tov eTepov Toiv Adyow, Tov HTTOVA, vikadv déyovtd haci TaduKwrepa. ~ , jv obv wdOns pou Tov aducov ToOrov Adyov, a viv ddcihw did od, TovTwy TaV yxpedv ] a“ > / 993 NN > \ > 7, ovK av azrodoinv ovd’ dv dBoAcv ovdevi. > a“ / 2 \ a” / > ~ ovK av miBoiunv: ob yap av tAainv ei Tovs imméas TO yp@pa Sdiaxexvaropevos. ~ ~ A ovK dpa ua tiv Anuntpa tOv y’ eua@v det, > > \ wf)? ¢ A wf)? ¢ / ovT avtos ovl’ 6 Cdyios otf 6 capddpas: GAN’ é&eAd o° es Kdpaxas ex Tis olklas.

« “ Hither horses or birds " (i.e. pheasants) says the Scholiast ;

but the former seem clearly indicated.

» To teach young men riv #rrw Nbyov Kpelrrw moveiv was the

274

v |

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

ST.

PH.

PH.

ST.

THE CLOUDS, 97-123

Placed round about us, and that we’re the cinders. Aye,and they'll teach (only they'll want some money), How one may speak and conquer, right or wrong. Come, tell their names.

Well, I can’t quite remember, But they’re deep thinkers, and true gentlemen. Out on the rogues! I knowthem. Those rank pedants, Those palefaced, barefoot vagabonds you mean : That Socrates, poor wretch, and Chaerephon. Oh! Oh! hush! hush! don’t use those foolish words ; But if the sorrows of my barley touch you, Enter their Schools and cut the Turf for ever.

. I wouldn’t go, so help me Dionysus,

For all Leogoras’s breed of Phasians @! Go, I beseech you, dearest, dearest son, Go and be taught. And what would you have me learn ? "Tis known that in their Schools they keep two Logics,” The Worse, Zeus save the mark,’ the Worse and Better. This Second Logic then, I mean the Worse one, They teach to talk unjustly and—prevail. Think then, you only learn that Unjust Logic, And all the debts, which I have incurred through ou,— I'll never pay, no, not one farthing of them. I will not go. How could I face the knights With all my colour worn and torn away ! O! then, by Earth, you have eat your last of mine, You, and your coach-horse, and your sigma-brand : Out with you! Go to the crows, for all I care.

famous “ promise of Protagoras ”’ (rd IL émd-yyedua, Arist. Rhet. ii. 24. 11), the sophist of Abdera.

* 8oris éori is “* a sort of contemptuous dismissa]”’: R.

275

EI.

=T.

ARISTOPHANES

aAN’ od mrepuowperat bh 6 Oeios MeyaxAéns

dvurtrov. aad’ eiceyu, cod 8 od dpovTi. 125

GAN odd eyd pévtor meodv ye Keloopat*

aN’ ev&dpLevos Totow Deots Sida€ouor

avTos Badile eis TO PpovTiaripwov.

m@s ov yépwv dv KamiAjnopwv Kat Bpadds

Adyov acpyBav oxwdaAdpous pabrjcopas ; : 130 irnréov. Ti rabr’ exw oTpayyevojuat,

GAN’ odyi KOmTU) THY Upay ; mal, maudtov.

MA@HTH®S. Badr és Kopakas* Tis ea” oO > Kopas THY Ovpav;

2T.

MA.

=T.

MA, =T.

MA.

MA.

Deidwvos vios Urpeuddys Kucvvvobev. apabys ye v7 Ar’ , ooTis ovTWal ofddpa 135 drepysepipvers thv Ovpav AcAdKTuKas Kat dpovrTid’ ef uBAwxas eSevpyevny. odyyvenGi pout THAOH yap oik® Ta aypav. GAN’ «imé por TO Tpaypa Tov&nuBAwpevov. GAN’ od Bepus mAjv Tots pabynratow Aéeyew. 140 Aéye vuv €ol Bappav- eyw yap obroot nKw pales eis TO dpovrvarnpiov. Aco. vopica d€ Ttadra xpi) pvorrpia. aviper apt. Xapehddvra UwKparns ywAAav dmdcovs aAAotTO Tods abThs mddas* 145 daxodoa yap Tob Xawpedavros Thy oppov emt TH Kepany Thy XLwKpdtous adjAaro. m&s Sita Tobr’ euerpyce; deEvwrara. Knpov Svarngas, elra. TH piMav AaBav eveBaxpev eis TOV KNpov adTis Tad mddE, 150 Kata yvyeion mepiepvoav Lepoxat. Tatras vmoAvcas dvewéeTper TO ywpiov.

276

@ The name of a deme.

PH.

ST.

THE CLOUDS, 124-152

But uncle Megacles won’t leave me long Without a horse : I'll go to him: good-bye.

I’m thrown, by Zeus, but I won’t long lie prostrate. I'll pray the Gods and send myself to school : \j

I'll go at once and try their thinking-house. } | Stay : how can I, forgetful, slow, old fool,

Learn the nice hair-splittings of subtle Logic ? Well, go I must. “Twont do to linger here.

Come on, I'll knock the door. Boy! Ho there, boy!

STUDENT. (Within) O, hangitall! who’sknocking at the door?

ST.

STU.

ST.

STU.

ST.

STU.

ST.

STU.

Me! Pheidon’s son : Strepsiades of Cicynna.* Why, what a clown you are! to kick our door, In such a thoughtless, inconsiderate way ! You’ve made my cogitation to miscarry.° Forgive me: I’m an awkward country fool. But tell me, what was that I made miscarry? ‘Tis not allowed : Students alone may hear. O that’s all right : you may tell me: I’m come To be a student in your thinking-house. Come then. But they’re high mysteries, remember. “Twas Socrates was asking Chaerephon, {| How many feet of its own a flea could jump. | ' For one first bit the brow ¢ of Chaerephon, Then bounded off to Socrates’s head. How did he measure this ?

Most cleverly. He warmed some wax, and then he caught the flea, And dipped its feet into the wax he'd melted : Then let it cool, and there were Persian slippers ! These he took off, and so he found the distance.

» Cf. Plato, Theaet. 149 seq., where Socrates describes himself as practising the art of intellectual midwifery (uaeurixh réxvn) and

brin. ce

ging thoughts to the birth. *“ C. had bushy eyebrows and S. was bald”: Schol.

277

3T. MA.

MA.

2T.

278

ARISTOPHANES

~ ~ ~ / aA & Zeb Baowred, ris AewTOTnTos TOV Ppevav. / a_> + .4 > 4 /, ti Or dv, erepov «i m¥0010 UwKparovs ppovrTiap.a.; a > ~ , / motov; avTiBoA@, Kdreumé pot. - ae 2 > et | an ¢ / aviper adrov Xawpedav 6 Udrrrios OmoTEpa THY yvw@pynv Exot, TAs eumidas Kata TO oTop Gdew, KaTa TovppoTUyLoV. ti dir’ exeivos ele mepl THs €umidos; efackev elvat TouvTepov THs Eepuridos otevov: dia AewTob 8 SvTos adrod Thy mony / / yas > / Bia Badilew €d0d todpporvyiov: €vretTa KotAov mpos oTEVvV@ mTpookelpevov Tov mpwKrTov HxEiv bo Bias Tob mvedpaTos. adAmuy€ 6 mpwKxtds eoTw dpa Tov eumiowy. ® Tptopakdpios Tob Suevrepevuaros. ¢ / U4 bd) > 4 , H padiws devywv dv amodvyou Sixny Gotis Siowe Tovvrepov THs eumidos. , tf / / > / mpanv S€ ye yropnv peyadnv adynpebn dm’ daoKxadaPedrov. tiva Tpdmov; Kdreumé pol. {yntobvtos abrob rhs a¢eAnvns Tas dd0vs Kai Tas mepupopds, clr’ dvw Keynvoros > ‘ ~ ~ / amo Tis opodis vikrwp yadewrns Katéxecev. Md noOnv yadedrn Kataxéoavtt LwKparous. > A / > te a > ¢€ / exOes dé y’ piv Setrvov odk Hv éomépas. / » A »” > > , elev: ti obv mpos TaAdur’ éerraAapHoaro; Kata Ths tpanélns Katamdoas enti tédppay, / Kdpipas oPeXoKov, elra diaByrnvy AaBav, > 7 €x Tis TmaAalotpas Boipdriov dbdeireTo.

15:

16

16

17

ST.

STU.

8ST.

THE CLOUDS, 153-179

O Zeus and king, what subtle intellects ! What would you say then if you heard another, Our Master’s own?

O come, do tell me that.

stu. Why, Chaerephon was asking him in turn,

ST.

STU.

ST.

STU.

ST.

STU.

ST.

STU.

ST.

STU.

Which theory did he sanction ; that the gnats Hummed through their mouth, or backwards, through

the tail ? Aye, and what said your Master of the gnat? © He answered thus : the entrail of the gnat Is small: and through this narrow pipe the wind Rushes with violence straight towards the tail ; There, close against the pipe, the hollow rump Receives the wind, and whistles to the blast. So then the rump is trumpet to the gnats ! O happy, happy in your entrail-learning ! Full surely need he fear nor debts nor duns, Who knows about the entrails of the gnats. And yet last night a mighty thought we lost Through a green lizard. )

‘Tell me, how was that ?

Why, as Himself, with eyes and mouth wide open, Mused on the moon, her paths and revolutions, A lizard from the roof squirted full on him. He, he, he, he. I like the lizard’s spattering Socrates. Then yesterday, poor we, we'd got no dinner. Hah ! what did he devise to do for barley ? He sprinkled on the table—some fine ash— ? He bent a spit—he grasped it compass-wise— And—filched a mantle from the Wrestling School.

@ As though he were going to solve some geometrical problem. Instead he uses the bent spit to hook away acloak. The palaestra, like the market-place, was one of the usual haunts of Socrates.

279

=T.

MA, ST.

MA. 3T.

MA.

ARISTOPHANES

~ a ~ / rl Sir’ éxeivov tov Oadfv Oavpaloper; v > + > > 4 \ / dvoy’ dvovy’ avicas To PpovTcaTrpLov, Kal Seifov ws TaxroTd pow TOV LwKparny. ~ 4, > > \ Oy, pabnrid ydp: add’ avovye THY OGvpay. @' / \ AY A ff] / ® ‘HpdkdAes, tavti modara Ta Onpia; ti €Oavpacas; T@ cor doxotow eikevar; tots ex IlvAov AndOeior, rots Aakwvikois. > A , > > \ ~ /, ¢ ho drap ti mor és Ty viv BAérovew obrouw; {ntotow obtot Ta KaTa Yijs. apr: BoABods apa

{nrotot. py vuv tovtoyl dpovrilere*

> A A zi a METS pS | LA \ aA , ey yap old’ Ww” eiot weydAo. Kat KaAot.

, 4 sd ~ € / > > / TL yap ode Sp@ow ot afddp’ eyKeKupores ; K ag > > a“ ¢ A \ / obra. 8 épeBodipGow tro Tov Taprapov.

/ af ¢ ‘ > A > \ 4 ti 890° 6 mpwKros és tov odpavov PAré€met; adtos Kal? adtov dotpovopeiy diddoKerar. GAN etal’, wa pr) *Kelvos Hiv emurdyn. pimw ye pymw y’, ddAX éerysewavtwv, wa abroto. Kowwow TL mpaypdTtiov euor.

> > > / > > a ‘ \ >7

adn’ ody ofdv 7° adbroto. mpos Tov aépa,

” , \ ” D A /

e£w SdiarpiBew moAdbv ayav €oTw xpovov. mpos Tav Oedv, ti yap Tad’ eoriv; eEimé pot. doTpovopia pev avrni.

touti S€ Ti; yewperpia. a > Toor obv Ti eoTt xpyHoyLov;

yi avaperpetobar.

* Of Miletus, one of the seven wise men, constantly spoken of as the embodiment of wisdom; ef. B. 1009; Plaut. Capt.

ii. 2. 24.

280

1

ls

THE CLOUDS, 180-203

st. Good heavens! Why Thales ¢ was a fool to this ! O open, open, wide the study door, And show me, show me, show me Socrates. I die to be a student. Open, open! ® O Heracles, what kind of beasts are these ! stu. Why, what’s the matter? what do you think they’re like ? st. Like? why those Spartans whom we brought from Pylus °: What makes them fix their eyes so on the ground ? stu. They seek things underground. ST. O! to be sure, Truffles! You there, don’t trouble about that ! I'll tell you where the best and finest grow. Look ! why do those stoop down so very much ? - stu. They’re diving deep into the deepest secrets.4 st. Then why’s their rump turned up towards the sky ? stu. It’s taking private lessons on the stars. (To the other Students) Come, come : get in: HE’ll catch us presently. st. Not yet! not yet! just let them stop one moment, While I impart a little matter to them. stu. No, no: they must go in: ‘twould never do To expose themselves too long to the open air. st. O! by the Gods, now, what are these? do tell me. stu. This is Astronomy.

ST. And what is this ? stu. Geometry. ST. Well, what’s the use of that ?

stu. To mete out lands.

> * The entire front of the house is wheeled round . exposing the inner court of the Phrontisterion”’: R. yf Ae Captured by Cleon in Sphacteria and Srapirtaenied at Athens; c 392.

4 Lit. ‘“‘ Aré searching into the darkness below Tartarus.”

281

ARISTOPHANES

TOTEpa THY KANpovYXLKHy ;

otk, adda THv ovptracay.

doretov Aéyets. 70 yap ooguopa SNoriKov kal XpysyLov. 208 avrTn b€ got ys meplodos mdons. opas; aide pev “AOjvac.

/ \ / 3 t Ti ov Aéyeis; od meiBopuat, evel Suxaoras ody op® Kabynpevovs. ¢ a > > an > \ A / ws tobr’ dAnbas ’Arrixov TO xwpiov. Kal 700 Kucovys. elo ovpot Onpdrar; 21( evrad?? evelow. n Sé y. EeBov’ : as opas, 70 Taparerarat papa TOppw mavu. old’+ bro yap Hudv mapetdOn Kal IlepixAgovs. GAV 4 Aakedainwv mod ’orw; émov otiv; adrnt.

¢ > \ ¢ ~ ~ / / as eyyds judv. Tobro mdvu ppovrilere, 21 TavrHY ag? MOV cabeveen TOppw TaVv. GAN’ ody oldv TE v7

oipedteot? apa. dépe tis yap obros obmi Ths KpeudOpas avip; adtds.

/ > / tis adros; LwKparns. 5H 4 @& LoKpares.

wf)? e > / ) / / i obtos, avaBdnoov adrdév pow peéya. 291 atdrtos pev ody ov KdAecov’ od ydp pot axoAy. @ UewxKpares, > / ® LwxKparisovov.

* yi) KAnpovpxixy is land taken from a conquered enemy and divided by lot among Athenian citizens.

b

doretov here is not merely=" choice,” “ elegant,” but also

almost=<dnuorixés ; cf. Plato, 227n doreto Kal Meiers y Adyou,

It is 282

both urbanum and urbi utile.

THE CLOUDS, 203-223

ST. What, for allotment grounds ¢ ? stu. No, but all lands. ST. A choice idea,® truly.

Then every man may take his choice, you mean. stu. Look ; here’s a chart of the whole world. Do you see? This city’s Athens. ST. Athens? [I like that. I see no dicasts sitting. That’s not Athens. stu. In very truth, this is the Attic ground. st. And where then are my townsmen of Cicynna ? stu. Why, thereabouts ; and here, you see, Euboea : Here, reaching out a long way by the shore. st. Yes, overreached ¢ by us and Pericles. But now, wheré’s Sparta ? STU. Let me see: O, here. st. Heavens! how near us. O do please manage this, To shove her off from us, a long way further. stu. We can’t do that, by Zeus. sT. The worse for you. ‘Hallo! who’s that ? that fellow in the basket ? stu. That’s He.4 ae. Who’s HE? STU. Socrates. ST. Socrates ! You sir, call out to him as loud as you can. stu. Call him yourself: I have not leisure now. ST. Socrates! Socrates ! Sweet Socrates !

¢ Or “ stretched on the rack ” ; there is a play on the second- ary meaning of raparelyw=‘“‘ exhaust,” “do for.” Euboea was reduced by Pericles 445 B.c. 3 of. Thue. i. 114. 4 girés=“‘the Master,” as in he Pythagorean airés é@pn, Ipse dixit.

283

ARISTOPHANES

SOKPATHS. Ti pe KaXels, pnpepe 5

3T. mp@Tov pev 6 Ti Opas, dvT Bord, KATELTE [OL.

20. depoBara Kal mepuppove) TOV 7ALov.

ST. €7reur” do. Tappob TOUS Deods bmrepppovets, GAN odk amo Tis yis, €tzep.

=a. ob yap av more eSeb pov ophas TO. peTéwpa mpdypara, el p47) Kpeudoas TO vonLa. Kal THY ppovrida Aemrny Kkarapigas els TOV Opovov dépa. et OM ov Xapat Tava kdrobev eoKdomouv, ovK av mo eb pov ov yap adr 4 yh Bia EAxer TpOs abrayy THY ixpdda Tis dpovTidos. TAOXEL 8€ rad7d Todo kal Ta Kadpdapa.

ST. tt prs; % ppovtis EAKet rye ted? els Ta Kd pdapa. 5 ‘ Oe vuv, KardBn®, 773) Ueo«paridvoy, ws eye, iva we Svddéns Avmep even’ eAjdAvba.

zo. Ades 5€ Kata Ti;

3T. BovdAdpevos pabeiv Aéyew. bm yap ToKwY xXpyoTev TE Svoxodwrdrov ayouar, péepouar, TO xpnpar’ evexupalopar.

=a. 70ev 8° dmdxpews oavrov EAables yevomevos ;

ST. vocos p emeérpupev immu, Sewn payeiv. aAAd, pe Sidakov Tov ETrepov Toiv aoiv Adyow, Tov pndev amrodiwdovTa. puoldov 8 ovTw’ av mpatTn fe opotwal cor Katabjoew tods Oeovs.

sn. mrolovs Beods duet ov; mp@tov yap Oeot Huiv vowwop odK EoTL.

2T. TO yap ouvuT; F

/ 7 > owapéovow, wWorep ev Bularvtiw;

284

® elrep: lit. “ if so be” (that you do despise them).

228

23(

238

24£

THE CLOUDS, 223-249

SOCRATES, Mortal ! why call’st thou me? st. O, first of all, please tell me what you are doing. so. I walk on air, and contem-plate the Sun. st. O then from a basket you contemn the Gods, And not from the earth, at any rate*? ss « so. Most true. I could not have searched out celestial matters Without suspending judgement, and infusing My subtle spirit with the kindred air. If from the ground I were to seek these things, I could not find : so surely doth the earth Draw to herself the essence of our thought. The same too is the case with water-cress.” st. Hillo! what’s that? Thought draws the essence into water-cress ? Come down, sweet Socrates, more near my level, And teach the lessons which I come to learn. so. And wherefore art thou come ? ST, To learn to speak. For owing to my horrid debts and duns,

My goods are seized, I’m robbed, and mobbed, and

plundered. so. How did you get involved with your eyes open? st. A galloping consumption seized my money. Come now : do let me learn the unjust Logic That can shirk debts : now do just let me learn it. Name your own price, by all the Gods I'll pay it. so. The Gods! why you must know the Gods with us Don’t pass for current coin.

ST. Eh ? what do you use then?

Haye you got iron, as the Byzantines have ¢?

> An allusion to the homely imagery which Socrates con-

stantly used.

¢ The Scholiast quotes Plato Comicus: xaderés dv olkjcawer

év Bugavriois, | 8rrov oLdapéotor Tois vomiopact | XPOVvTUte

285

=

ARISTOPHANES

sa. BovAe ra Ocia mpdypar’ <idévar capds att é€otl dpbds; A » ” ” = 49 vy Ai’, etrep €ott ye. xa. Kal Evyyevécbar tais NedéAaow és Aoyous, Tals ‘juereparor Saipoow; 3T. pddvord ‘ye. /, / ; hi. A € \ / so. Kable roivuy ent tov iepov oxiproda. st. idod Kdbnpa. \ , \ 20. toutovi Tolvuv AaPe Tov otépavov. yes. / / w a 3T. emt Ti orépavov; olor, LwKpares, LA A > / fe ha eee A ta @ovep we Tov “APdpavl’ dmws pH Ovoere. 32. ovK, GAAd Tatra mdvTa Tods TeAoUpEVoUS Hy<ts mowdpev. 21. elra 51) Ti Kepdavd; / 7, + a“ / / za. Adyew yevijcer Tpiupa, Kpdradov, traimadn. :

GAN’ ex’ arpéuas. 2T. pa tov Av’ od pevoe ye pe* KaTaTaTToMevos yap TaimTdAn yevnoopar.

zo. eddynpeciv xpi) Tov mpeoBiryy Kal THs evdx7js

emrakovew. > Ps) / ®,..-.aP > / > 2A / “a ” 4 a & Séoror dvat, auerpnt “Arp, os exes THY yhv peTewpov, . Aaptpos 7 Aidyp, ceyvai te Beat NededAat Bpovrno.xépavvot, »” / > _ / ~ ~ apOnre, ddvyt, @& Séomowar, tH povtiorh peréwpor. ST. pijmw pryjmw ye, mpl dy rovtl mrvéwpar, pu) KataBpexIa.

* He mistakes the chaplet which belongs to the ceremony of 286

256

26(

268

= a

~~ ee

THE CLOUDS, 250-267

so, Come, would you like to learn celestial matters, How their truth stands ? on

sT. Yes, if there’s any truth.

so. And to hold intercourse with yon bright Clouds, Our virgin Goddesses ?

ST. ~ Yes, that I should.

so. Then sit you down upon that sacred bed.

st. Well, I am sitting.

so. Here then, take this chaplet.

st. Chaplet? why ? why? now, never, Socrates : Don’t sacrifice poor me, like Athamas.*

so. Fear not : our entrance-services require All to do this.

ST. But what am I to gain?

so. You'll be the flower ® of talkers, prattlers, gossips :

Only keep quiet.

ST. Zeus ! your words come true !

I shall be flour indeed with all this peppering.

so. Old man sit you still, and attend to my will, and hearken in peace to my prayer, O Master and King, holding earth in your swing, O measureless infinite Air ; And thou glowing Ether, and Clouds who enwreathe her with thunder, and lightning, and storms, Arise ye and shine, bright Ladies Divine, to your student in bodily forms. st. No, but stay, no, but stay, just one moment I pray, while my cloak round my temples I wrap.

initiation for that used in sacrifice, and recalls how Athamas, who had married a Nephele (cf. the ambiguous évy. rats Nepédaow, 252), was introduced by Sophocles in a play crowned for sacrifice.

> rairddn, lit. “ fine flour,’ stands for ‘‘ subtlety’ or “ slim- ness.” But in 261 Strepsiades refers to the actual flour or grain that is ceremonially sprinkled on him.

287

ARISTOPHANES

TO S€ pndé Kuviv otkobev edBeivy eue Tov KaKo- daipov” éyovra.

xa. €Adere Sit’, ® mrodvtiyntror NedeAuw, 7Hd’ eis emloerew * cir én “Odvprrov Kopvdais fepats xvovoBAyjrovor KdOnobe, a > “~ A > / ¢ \ ‘ cir’ “Qreavod matpos ev Kymows tepov xopov iorate Nvpdas, ” > ” / A ¢ 4, rs cir apa NeidAov mpoxoais stddtwy ypuaeais apveabe mpoxotow, bal ~ / ” > a” / /, 7 Madrw Alwyn exer’ 7 oKdmedov viddevra Mipavtos: ¢ 7 , , \ a e brakovoate Se€duevar Ovoiavy Kat Tots tepotor Xapetoar. xopos. aevaor Nedéda, [o7p.

288

> a \ ‘ , es apldpev pavepat dSpocepav dvow edaynrov, matpos am ’“Oxeavot Bapvayéos ¢ ~ 2 Sf \ 9: a dynrABv dpéwv Kopudas emi devdpokdpous, iva an A > 7 TnAcpaveis oxomias adopwpeba, Kaptovs T apdopevav tepav yOova, kal morapav Cabéwy xehadijpara, \ , / , Kal movtov KeAddovta BapvBpopov: ” \ 17 > "A val oupa yap Aibépos axduatov ceAayetrat pappapéaow ev adyats. > > > / td + GAN’ drrocevoduevar védos ouBprov > / 297 > / abavaras iddas éemddpeba THAcoKOTW OupaTt yatay.

27

27

28

28.

29

THE CLOUDS, 268-290

To think that I’ve come, stupid fool, from my home, with never a waterproof cap ! so, Come forth, come forth, dread Clouds, and to earth your glorious majesty show ; Whether lightly ye rest on the time-honoured crest of Olympus environed in snow, Or tread the soft dance ’mid the stately expanse of Ocean, the nymphs to beguile, Or stoop to enfold with your pitchers of gold, ' the mystical waves of the Nile,? Or around the white foam of Maeotis ye roam, or Mimas all wintry and bare, O hear while we pray, and turn not away from the rites which your servants prepare.

cHorus.2 Clouds of all hue, Rise we aloft with our garments of dew. Come from old Ocean’s unchangeable bed, Come, till the mountain’s green summits we tread, Come to the peaks with their landscapes untold, Gaze on the Earth with her harvests of gold,° Gaze on the rivers in majesty streaming, Gaze on the lordly, invincible Sea, Come, for the Eye of the Ether is beaming, Come, for all Nature is flashing and free. Let us shake off this close-clinging dew From our members eternally new, And sail upwards the wide world to view. Come away! Come away!

@ Lit. “or at the outflow of the Nile are drawing up its waters with your golden pitchers.”

» ‘The Clouds are still far away and out of sight ; they do not enter unti! lines 323-8 and then in silence.

© kaprovs apdouévay, lit. “ that has her crops watered.”

VOL. I U 289

=.

=.

ARISTOPHANES

@ péya cepvat NefdAa, pavepds jxovearé pov kaXéoavros. jolov duwvis dua Kai Bpovris puKnoapevyns deoo€érrov; Kat o¢€Bowat y’, & modvtinror, Kal BovAopar dvramomapdeiy mpos tas Bpovrds: ovtws ad’ras Tepes kal mepoBnar- Kel Oéuus eaTiv, vuvi y’ dn; Kel pt) Deus eori, xeoeiw. od pt) oxayyns unde moujons dmep ot tpvyo- daipLoves obrot, GAN’ eddryjper péya yap te OeGv Kwetra optvos aowdats. mapévor 6uBpoddpor, [avr. EMwpev Arapav xPdva TadAd8os, evavdpov yav Kexporos oypopevan moAurjparov * od o€Bas appyrwr iepdv, wa pvaTodoKos Somos ev tederais dylas dvadeikvurat, ovpavious te Oeots Swpijwara, vaot ® dxepedeis «al dyddwara, Kal mpdcodo. paxdpwv ltepwrarat, evorépavol TE Oeav Ovoiar Oadiat re, Tavrodaratow év wpais, Hpt 7 eTEPXOMECD Bpopia xdpis, edeAddwv Te xop@v épebiopara, kat Motca BapvBpopos avAdv.

2T. mpos tod Avs dv7 Bord ae, dpdaov, tives ela’, @

290

LwKpares, avdrar

29

30

31

so.

ST.

so.

CH.

sT.

THE CLOUDS, 291-314

O Goddesses mine, great Clouds and divine, ye have heeded and answered my prayer. Heard ye their sound, and the thunder around, as it thrilled through the tremulous air ? Yes, by Zeus, and I shake, and I’m all of a quake, and I fear I must sound a reply, Their thunders have made my soul so afraid, and those terrible voices so nigh : So if lawful or not, I must run to a pot, by Zeus, if I stop I shall die. Don’t act in our schools like those Comedy-fools with their scurrilous scandalous ways. Deep silence be thine : while this Cluster divine their soul-stirring melody raise.

Come then with me, Daughters of Mist, to the land of the free. Come to the people whom Pallas hath blest, Come to the soil where the Mysteries rest ; Come, where the glorified Temple invites The pure to partake of its mystical rites : Holy the gifts that are brought to the Gods, Shrines with festoons and with garlands arecrowned, Pilgrims resort to the sacred abodes,

Gorgeous the festivals all the year round. And the Bromian rejoicings in Spring, When the flutes with their deep music ring, And the sweetly-toned Choruses sing

Come away! Come away !

O Socrates pray, by all the Gods, say, for I earnestly long to be told, 291

ARISTOPHANES

a“ / ~ Eee , ai pleyEdwevar Todro TO ceuvov; pav np@vat TWes €LOW; / \ 2LPxo. wor’, GA’ odpdviac NedéAa, peydAar Oeat avopaow apyois* ] , \ } pe aa hy , aimep yvopunv Kal SidArcEw Kat voov Huty mapexovat ~ \ Kal tepateiay Kal mepideEw Kal Kpotow Kal

/ KaraAyyu. xT. Tadr’ dp’ axovoao’ ab’tav To dhbéeyp’ 1 vxyn pov TETOTHTAL, Kal Aertodoyety 8n Cynret Kal mept Kamvod orevorcoyeiv, ‘ / LA if > Lae g /, > Kal yrwpidia yvwpnv viEao’ érépw Ady@ avtt- Aoyjoa: ° > ” ” > a o.-% ” ~ wor, «el mws éotw, ideiv adras Hdn davepds emOupd. za. BAéze vuv Sevpi mpos tiv Idpyvnb: 7dn yap op@ KaTiovoas Hovyh adrds. ST. dépe, 700; Setfov, ~ > e , , =n. Xwpova avTal Tavu moAAai, dua TOV KoiAwy Kal Tav Sacéwv, adrar mAdyaL. a. Ti TO xphpua; ws od} Kabopa. 20. Tapa TH €laodov. 3T. 75n vuvl podis ovTws. aA / ” a > "A > A =~ zn. viv yé tor 75n Kabopas adbrds, ef ph Anpas KoAokvvras.

* S. here runs through the attributes for which the sophists are indebted to the Clouds; ‘yvdéuny, “judgement”; diddekiv,

292

315

320

325

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST. so.

THE CLOUDS, 315-327

Who are these that recite with such grandeur and might ? are they glorified mortals of old ? No mortals are there, but Clouds of the air, great Gods who the indolent fill : These grant us discourse, and logical force, and the art of persuasion instil, And periphrasis strange, and a power to arrange, and a marvellous judgement and skill.¢ So then when I heard their omnipotent word, my spirit felt all of a flutter, And it yearns to begin subtle cobwebs to spin and about metaphysics to stutter, And together to glue an idea or two, and battle away in replies : So if it’s not wrong, I earnestly lon to behold them myself with my eyes. Look up in the air, towards Parnes out there, for I see they will pitch before long These regions about. Where ? point me them out. They are drifting, an infinite throng, And their long shadows quake over valley and brake. Why, whatever’s the matter to-day ? I can’t see, I declare. By the Entrance ® ; look there ! Ah, I just got a glimpse, by the way. There, now you must see how resplendent they be, or your eyes must be pumpkins, I vow.

“ dialectical powers,” skill in debate; vodv, “ intelligence ” ; Teparelay, “ fanfaronade,” the employment of grandiose thoughts and words; repi\eéw, ‘* periphrasis,” circumlocution, the art of talking round a subject; xpodow, “crushing force”; and karddnyw, “ quickness of apprehension.”

» By which the Chorus came into the orchestra.

293

ARISTOPHANES

sr. vy AC éywy’, & modvtipnro., mavra yap on KaTéxovot.

7 /, 4 \ ” > BA 99>

22. TavTas pevtor avd Oeds ovoas ovK OdEeis ovd ~~. evouiles;

sr. pa Av’, add’ bpixdnv Kal Spdcov adras ayovpnv a

Kal Kamvov elvat. 330 22. ov yap pa AU’ oto@’ dru mAciatous abrar BooKkovar

coguotds,

Oovpioudvres, iarpotéxyvas, odpaydovvyapyo- Kouyras,

KukAiwyv Te xopOv doparokdumras, avdpas weTewpo- devakas,

ovdev Spavras Béoakovo’ apyovs, drt Tav’Tas oudo- movodow. —

2T. tabr’ ap’ émoiouy “ bypav NeheAdy otperravyAdy >

is ddiov oppdy, ; Ps: 335 mAokdpovs 8 éxaroykedada Tudd, ™pn- pawovoas te OvéAdas,’’ 2 > ¢¢ > , / 9? €€ 4 > 4 > cir “‘ aepias, duepds,” ““ yapibods oiwvots, depo- vnxets,” “ 6uBpous 8 dddtwv Spocepav NedeAGv-” efx? avr’ avT@v Karémivov ~ / ~ > ~ 7 > > / KeoTpav Teuayn peyaddv ayabav, kpéa 7° dpvibera Kiyn Adv. za. dua pevror rdod’ ody Sixaiws; 29; AeEov 87 por, Ti wabotcar, 340 elmep Neda y’ cial adAnbds, Ovnrais eci€acr yuvarkiv ;

> \ > A ‘ > ~ ov yap exetvai y’ eiol Tovadrae.

* Said by the Scholiast to refer to Lampon, one of the leaders of the colony which founded Thurii in 443 ; ef. B. 521. * Along with the “ tragic” and “ comic” choruses at the

294

_

ST. so. ST.

so.

ST.

so. ST.

THE CLOUDS, 328-342

Ah! I see them proceed ; I should think so indeed : eat powers ! they fill everything now. So then till this day that celestials were they, you never imagined or knew ? Why, no, on my word, for I always had heard they were nothing but vapour and dew. O, then I declare, you can’t be aware that ’tis these who the sophists protect, Prophets sent beyond sea,* quacks of every degree, fops signet-and-jewel-bedecked, Astrological knaves, and fools who their staves of dithyrambs ° proudly rehearse— "Tis the Clouds who all these support at their ease, because they exalt them in verse. "Tis for this then they write of “ the on-rushin’ might o’ the light-stappin’ rain-drappin’ Cloud,” And the “ thousand black curls whilk the Tempest- lord whirls,” and the “ thunder-blast stormy an’ loud,” And “ birds 0’ the sky floatin’ upwards on high,” and “‘ air-water leddies ”’ which “ droon Wi’ their saft falling dew the gran’ Ether sae blue,” ¢ and then in return they gulp doon Huge gobbets o’ fishes ¢ an’ bountifu’ dishes o’ mavises prime in their season. And is it not right such praise to requite ? Ah, but tell me then what is the reason That if, as you say, they are Clouds, they to-day as women appear to our view? For the ones in the air are not women, I swear.

Dionysia, was one for dithyrambic contests, which is here called KUK\LOs X6pos.

¢ * These are probably genuine quotations from the effusions

of dithyrambic poets”’: R

xéorpa is the muraena, esteemed a great delicacy.

295

20.

=T. =n.

=0.

296

ARISTOPHANES

a / > dhépe, Tota yap Twés elow; ? ~ ” ~ L aee j , ovk oda cadds: ci~acw yotv épiovaw menTape-

vou, ~~ * \ ta Kodxt yovaréiv, wa AV, 088° driobv: abras de pivas éxovow.

amokpwat vuv dtr av épwpat.

Aéye vuv Taxéws 6 Tt BodAer. 345 non mor’ avaprépas edes vehéAnv Kevradpw opotav ” 4 ”“ lA av t 6 H mapddArea 7 AvKw 7] TAavpw;

\ AC ” > t / ~ 2

vy AU éywy’. «tra ti Tob; yiyvovrar 7av0’ 6 tt BovAovrau: Kar” jv pev wor

KOMYTHY, »” / an Xr / 4 td A dypiv twa t&v aciwy TovTwv, olovmEep Tov Eevopavtov, “~ ” oKwrTovoa TH paviay avTod Kevravpous yKacav abrdas. 350 , 4, a” a ~ / i / Tt ydp, iv dpraya av Snpociwy Katidwor Lipwva, Ti Sp@ow; dmopaivovcat tiv dvow avrod AvKor settee éyevovTo. a > »+ ~ 4 ma A cr rabr dpa, taira Kiewvupov atrat tov. pipaomw xbés iSotca, étt Sedtatov tTodrov éwpwv, eAadhou Sia TOOT

eyevovTo. kal viv y? ott KXevobévyn efdov, opas, Sua tobr eyévovTo ‘yuvaixes. 355 xalpere tolvuv, ® Séorowat* Kal viv, eimep Tut KaAdrw,

ovpavounKn pyate Kkapol daviv, @ trapuBPaciAeva.

so. sT.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

THE CLOUDS, 342-357

Why, what do they seem then to you ? I can’t say very well, but they straggle and swell like fleeces spread out in the air ; Not like women they flit, no, by Zeus, not a bit, . but these have got noses to wear. Well, now then, attend to this question, my friend. Look sharp, and propound it to me. Didst thou never espy a Cloud in the sky, which a centaur or leopard might be, Or a wolf, or a cow? Very often, I vow: and show me the cause, I entreat. Why, I tell youthatthese becomejust what they please, and whenever they happen to meet One shaggy and wild, like the tangle-haired child of old Xenophantes, their rule Is at once to appear like Centaurs, to jeer the ridiculous look of the fool. What then do they do if Simon ° they view, that fraudulent harpy to shame ? Why, his nature to show to us mortals below, a wolfish appearance they frame. O, they then I ween having yesterday seen Cleonymus quaking with fear, (Him who threw off his shield as he fled from the field), metamorphosed themselves into deer. Yes, and now they espy soft Cleisthenes nigh, and therefore as women appear. O then without fail, All hail! and All hail ! my welcome receive ; and reply With your voices so fine, so grand and divine, majestical Queens of the Sky !

* Hieronymus ; ef. A. 389. > Otherwise unknown.

297

xo.

=T. =0. 3T.

=0. 3T.

=n.

ST.

298

ARISTOPHANES

a3 > ~ , 4 , xaip’, & mpecBira madaoyeves, Onpara oywv piAopovowr: , , , e ~ / ‘ c aA ov Te, AemToTATwWV Ajpwr ieped, dpdle mpos Huds 6 Tu xpnleus: > \ an” ” a 4 “¢ a ~ ov yap av dAAw y’ braxovoapev TOV vov eTewpo- opior ay 360 arAjv 3 Tpodixy, TH pev aodias Kal yvapns ouveka, got dé, Ore BpevOder 7° ev taiow ddots Kat THpPOadud mapapdAAes, > / \ , ee MS 6 9 9) 2 ws KavuTodnTos KaKa TOAN’ avexer Kad’ Hiv cEpvo- mpoowrTets. ® TH rob bbéypatos, ws lepov Kat cepvov Kat TepaT@des. e / / 7 4 / »” A / > avTar yap Tow povat elot Beats taAAa Se aavr eotlt ddvapos. 365 6 Zeds 8 piv, dépe, mpos tis Tis, obAvumuos ov beds eorw; motos Zevs; ov pr) Anpyoes: odd €or. Zevs. ti rEyets av; ada ris ber; TouTi yap euovy’ amodnvat tp@rov dmdvrav. adrau 84 mov: peyddou Sé o° ey) onpetous adro didaéw. / ~ ‘ / | Tet. 4 ~ 4 : ee pepe, 700 yap mwmor’ avev NedeAdv torr’ dn teVéaca; 370 , ~ > , A > / 4, > > Kaito. xpiv aidpias vew adrov, tadras 8 azo- Snpeiv. v7) Tov ’"AmdMw, tobrd yé tor 8) TH viv Aoyw €d mpooedvoas:

THE CLOUDS, 358-372

cH. Our welcome to thee, old man, who wouldst see

8ST.

so . ST.

ST.

the marvels that science can show : And thou, the high-priest of this subtlety feast, say what would you have us bestow ? Since there is not a sage for whom we’d engage our wonders more freely to do, Except, it may be, for Prodicus *; he for his knowledge may claim them, but you, For that sideways you throw your eyes as you go, and are all affectation and fuss ; No shoes will you wear, but assume the grand air on the strength of your dealings with us. O Earth! what a sound, how august and profound ! it fills me with wonder and awe. These, these then alone, for true Deities own, the rest are all Godships of straw. Let Zeus be left out : He’s a God beyond doubt : come, that you can scarcely deny. Zeus,indeed! there’s no Zeus: don’t you be so obtuse. No Zeus up aloft in the sky ! Then, you first must explain, who it is sends the rain ; or I really must think you are wrong. Well then, be it known, these send it alone : I can prove it by arguments strong. Was there ever a shower seen to fall in an hour when the sky was all cloudless and blue ? Yet on a fine day, when the Clouds are away, he might send one, according to you. Well, it must be confessed, that chimes in withthe rest: your words I am forced to believe.

* Of Ceos; “the most respectable of all the Sophists ”

(Miiller) and author of The Choice of Hercules.

299

=a. =T. =a.

ST.

=. D6 or

=0.

3T. =.

ARISTOPHANES

Kaito. mpotepov Tov Av’ aAnO@s @pnv dia KooKivov ovpetv. > 7 ¢ a > / a / A adn’ doris 6 Bpovtav eat. dpdcov: TovTO pe TovEet TET PEpaivelv. adrat Bpovr@or KvAwddopuevar. TO TpoTw, @ mavtTa od ToAuav; i > a> A lol > ~ otav eutrAnobadc’ datos moAdod KavayKkacbaar dpepecbar, 7 / ” a ae KaTaKpyuvapevar mAnpers OuBpov uv avayKny, <ira Bapetar > > / > / Lana ‘ els adAjAas eumimrovoa piyyvuvTae Kal TaTa-

yotow. . c o> /, > \ i > / > c , a 6 8 avaykdlwy éoti tis abrds, ody 6 Zev’s, Ware péepecbar;

nKiot’, GAN aid€pios Sivos. Aivos; routi p’ édcAnfer, 6 Zeds obk wv, GAN avr’ adbtod Aivos vuvi Bact- Aevwr. oS 97 ‘ ~ , \ a ~ arap obdév mw mepl Tod Tardyou Kal THs BpovTis pe edidakéas. ovK jkovods wou tas NedéAas vdaTos peotas Ort ‘ b > ony / > > / cal \ \ / euminrovaas eis aAAjAas Trarayetv 81a THY TUKVO- TTA; fépe tovtt TH xpi) morevew; - > ~ iz / amo oavtod *yw oe dida&w.

75 Cwpod lavabnvaious éumdAnobets ett’ erapaxOns.

® Cf. Plato, Phaedo 99 B 6 wév ris Sivny wepiribels TH yQ brd Tod otpavod pévew 5) moe? thy viv, where the commentators refer

300

37

38

38

so. ST. so.

ST.

so. ST.

so.

ST. so.

to

THE CLOUDS, 373-386

Yetbefore, [had dreamed that the rain-water streamed from Zeus and his chamber-pot sieve.

| But whence then, my friend, does the thunder descend?

that does make me quake with affright! Why ’tis they, I declare, as they roll through the air. What the Clouds ? did I hear you aright ? Ay: for when to the brim filled with water they swim, by Necessity carried along, They are hung up on high in the vault of the sky, and so by Necessity strong In the midst of their course, they clash with great force, and thunder away without end. But is it not He who compels this to be ? does not Zeus this Necessity send ? No Zeus have we there, but a Vortex @ of air. What ! Vortex ? that’s something, I own. I knew not before, that Zeus was no more, but Vortex was placed on his throne ! But 1 have not yet heard to what cause you referred the thunder’s majestical roar. Yes, ‘tis they, when on high full of water they fly, and then, as I told you before, By Compression impelled, as they clash, are compelled a terrible clatter to make. Come, how can that be ? I really don’t see. Yourself as my proof I will take. Have you never then eat the broth-puddings you get when the Panathenaea ® comes round,

Empedocles. But the Scholiast here says, ‘‘ This is from

Anaxagoras.”

> ** At this feast all the colonial cities founded by Athens each

sent an ox to sacrifice. ‘There was thus no fear of meat failing

- and some were tempted to eat more than was good for

them”: Schol:

301

=T.

=n.

=.

302

ARISTOPHANES

THY yaorepa., Kat KAdvos e€aidvns adriy S1e-

‘ KopKop¥ynoev ; A vq) TOV "AndMw, Kat Sewd trovet y? edOUs por, KaL TETAPAKTAL 1 xeorep Bpovry 7o Cwpidvov marayet Kal Sewa KeKpayey ; aTpéuas mp@rov nannat rannaé, KamELT emdyer raTananTae, 39 ” , ~ ~ ‘ oe xarav xélw, Kopuwdn Bpovta mavamanndé, worep exeivat. / / > 4 Ou ‘ ta oKeat Towvv amd yaoTpioiov TuUVVOUTOUL oO | memopdas

tov 8 dépa tévd’ dv7’ amépavtov, THs ovK €ikos eyo Bpovray ;

Tatr dpa Kal Tevewar” aAAjAow, BpovrTi) Kat

mopon, Opoiw.

> 6 Kepavvds 760ev ad péperar Adprrwv Tupt,

Tovto dida€ov, 39%

kal Kkaradptyer Bad\Awy ads, tods de Cavtas — mrepupAver.

tobrov yap &) davepds 6 Leds tho” emt ods

>

emudpKous.

Kal 7@s, & w@pe od kat Kpoviwy dfwv Kat Bexxe- aéAnve,

cirep Ba Mev Tovs émipkous, THs ovxyl Lipwv* evempnoev

ovoe Krcecvepov obdé Odwpov; Katror opddpa y” ei” emlopKou GAAa Tov adrod ye vedy Badr Kat “ Lovvov — akpov *A@nvéwy ” ‘ \ ~ \ , / cA > ‘ Kal tas dSpis tas peydAas: ti pabdv; od yap 81) Spits y’ émvopket.

» Dt tie eis

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

THE CLOUDS, 387-402

And felt with what might your bowels all night in turbulent tumult resound ? ° By Apollo, ’tis true, there’s a mighty to-do, and my belly keeps rumbling about ; And the puddings begin to clatter within and kick up a wonderful rout : Quite gently at first, papapax, papapax, but soon pappapappax away, Till at last, I'll be bound, I can thunder as loud, papapappappapappax, as They. Shalt thou then a sound so loud and profound from thy belly diminutive send, And shall not the high and the infinite Sky go thundering on without end ? For both, you will find, on an impulse of wind and similar causes depend. Well, but tell me from Whom comes the bolt through the gloom, __with its awful and terrible flashes ; And wherever it turns, some it singes and burns, and some it reduces to ashes ! For this ‘tis quite plain, let who will send the rain, that Zeus against perjurers dashes. And how, you old fool of a dark-ages school, and an antediluvian wit, If the perjured they strike, and not all men alike, have they never Cleonymus hit ? Then of Simon again, and Theorus explain : known perjurers, yet they escape. But he smites his own shrine with his arrows divine, and “‘ Sunium, Attica’s cape,” 4 And the ancient gnarled oaks : now what prompted those strokes? They neverforswore I should say.

@ Hom. Od. iii. 278.

303

3T.

=.

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304

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ovK ofd’* dirdip ed ob héyew daiver. Ti ydp eoTw 590” 6 KEpavvos ; édrav els tadras dveuos Enpos perewpiobels Kara-

Krevob fj, > oa &So0ev atras domep KvoTw dvod, Kare” dn’ 40! avayKns es y Bo ” , A A \ , pias adtas ew dépetar coBapos Sa THv mUKVO- TTA, ¢ \ ~ e 7 \ lod e7 ee. e A bd Tod poiBdov Kal THs puns avTos eavToV KaTaKkalwv. \ ” > ‘ ~ > ~~ ” ‘ vy AV, eyd yotv drexv@s émafov tovri mote Avaciovow. OarTwv yaorépa trois ovyyevéow, Kat ovK Eoxwy dyvedr) oas* 7 oS dp" epuodr’ , er’ eEaidvns Siadaxjoaca pos 4! avTa) > / / \ / ‘ TapOadyes pov mpoceTiAnoev Kal KaTEKavaEV TO mpoowroy.

@ Ths peyadns e7Jupnoas oodias, wvOpwrre, Tap TLV, |

ws <ddalpov év ’A@nvaious Kat tots “EAAnot yernoet,

él pvnpov ef Kai dpovtiotis Kal TO TaAaimwpov éveoTwv

év Th wuyn, Kal pr) Kdpvers pl? éor@s pyre 4) Ba: ileov,

pajre puy@v ax Bet Aiav, par dpuorav emBupets,

olvov 7 dméyer Kat yupuvaciwy Kal TOv aAAwy | avonrwy,

kal BéArisrov Tobro vopileis, Omep eikos Sefsov avdpa,

THE CLOUDS, 403-418

. Can’t say that they do: your words appear true.

Whence comes then the thunderbolt, pray ? When a wind that is dry, being lifted on high, is suddenly pent into these, It swells up their skin, like a bladder, within, by Necessity’s changeless decrees : Till, compressed very tight, it bursts them outright, and away with an impulse so strong, That at last by the force and the swing of its course, it takes fire as it whizzes along.

. That’s exactly the thing that I suffered one Spring,

at the great feast of Zeus,* I admit : I’d a paunch in the pot, but I wholly forgot about making the safety-valve slit. So it spluttered and swelled, while the saucepan I held, till at last with a vengeance it flew: Took me quite by surprise, dung-bespattered my eyes, and scalded my face black and blue ! O thou who wouldst fain great wisdom attain, and comest to us in thy need, All Hellas around shall thy glory resound, such a prosperous life thou shalt lead : So thou art but endued with a memory good, and accustomed profoundly to think, And thy soul wilt inure all wants to endure, and from no undertaking to shrink, And art hardy and bold, to bear up against cold, and with patience a supper thou losest : Nor too much dost incline to gymnastics and wine, but all lusts of the body refusest : sai esteemest it best, what is always the test of a truly intelligent brain,

@ A great feast in honour of Zeds MecAlxios, ef. Thue. i. 126. 6.

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vuKdy mpdttwv Kat Bovrevwv Kal TH yAdTTH

moAepilov.

GAN’ Evercev ye. wuxfs oreppas SvoxodoKoirov TE pepipvns,

Kal hevdwrot Kal tpvorBiov yaotpos Kal Ouvp- Bpemdelmvov,

dpéAer appv, ovvexa tovtwv emuyaAKevew Trap- / > ” éxyoun” dv.

aAXo 71 d47 obv vopuets On Oedv oddeva mAnv areEp Hyw<is,

To Xdos touti kal tas NedéeAas Kai thy yAdrrav,

Tpia TavTi; ovd’ dv duadexbeinv y’ arexv@s Tots ddAots, 00d’ av amavTav* 2979 =N / > 293 #4 / > 29> #9 , otd av Ovoaip’, 088’ dv oreicays’, odd éemOeinv ABavwrov. Aéye vuv jyiv 6 tt cor Sp@pev Oappdv, ws odK > ATUXHGELS, e a ~ A 0 4 | ~ p>) A ti Huds Tyndv Kal Oavpalwv Kat Cnr@v SeEvos etvar. ® dé€orrowar, Séopat Tolvev bua@v Tovti mavu piKpov, ~ ¢ % / / c A Ul T&v “EdAjvwv elvai pe A€yew Exatov oradiovow ap.orov. 3 > A 2 12 ~ @ ‘ / aAN’ €orat cor TodTo Trap’ hu@v+ Wore TO Aowrdv y amo Tovol ev TO Sipe yapas: ovdels vuKToEL mAelovas 7) 7, ov. pe} pot ye Aéyew yrospas peydAas: ob yap TovTwY

emu JUL@,

GAN’ 60° euavT® orpeodiucfjoa Kal tods xphnotas —

SioAvobeiv. revEet Tolvuy dv ipeiperss od yap peydAew em- Oupeis.

43

43

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so.

ST.

ST.

CH.

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THE CLOUDS, 419-435

To prevail and succeed whensoever you plead, and hosts of tongue-conquests to gain. But as far as a sturdy soul is concerned and a horrible restless care, And a belly that pines and wears away on the wretchedest, frugalest fare, You may hammer and strike as long as you like ; I am quite invincible there. Now then you agree in rejecting with me the Gods you believed in when young, And my creed you'll embrace “ I believe in wide space, in the Clouds, in the eloquent Tongue.” If I happened to meet other Gods in the street, ‘I’d show the cold shoulder, I vow. No libation I'll pour : not one victim more on their altars I'll sacrifice now. Now be honest and true, and say what we shall do: since you never shall fail of our aid, If you hold us most dear in devotion and fear, and will ply the philosopher’s trade. O Ladies Divine, small ambition is mine : I only most modestly seek,

Out and out for the rest of my life to be best

of the children of Hellas to speak Say no more of your care,we have granted your prayer: and know from this moment, that none More acts shall pass through in the People than you : such favour from us you have won. Not acts, if you please : I want nothing of these :

this gift you may quickly withdraw ;

But I wish to pieseed, just enough for my need, and to slip through the clutches of law.

This then you shall do, for your wishes are few : not many nor great your demands,

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ARISTOPHANES

GAA ceavTov Oapp&v mapddos Tots HpeTEepots Tpo- moAowot. 3T. Spdow 700 bp vpiy muaTevoas ih yap avdyen poe meLe Sua Tovs immous Tovs KoTITATias Kal TOV yapov, OS we emerpupev. vov ovv xpiobwv 6 O Tt Bovdovrat. ToUTL TO y euov od’ avrotow TOpexw TUnTEW, mew, dubjv, avxpelv, pryooy, aoKov Seipelv, etmrep ra xXpéa Siadevgodpar, rois 7 avOpémois elvan dd€w Opacds, edyAwrros, ToAunpds, trys, Bdehupds, pevdav ovyKoAAnris, EpNOoLeTTnS, TEPLTPYLLA Suciv, KUppis, Kporahor, Kivados, TpUEN, pdobrys, elpwr, yrowds, adaleyr, KevTpwv, puapds, oTpddis, apyadéos, pattvodoryos. tabr el ye Kadoto’ dmavTavtes, Spuvrwv arexvOs Oo Te xpylovow* Kel BovAovrat \ \ / > \ vy tiv Anpntp’ ék pov xopdiyv

tois dpovricrais mapabévrwr.

xo. Aja pev mdpeote THOE y > »” > > @ ” > ¢ ovK atoAuov, GAN’ éroysov. tot & ds Tatra pablay rap’ euod KA€os obpavdunkes ev Bporotow c&ets.

@ 445-50 trns, ‘* a go-ahead fellow ”’ ; mepiTpiupid, a superlative rpimua (cf. 260) : kipBis, “a tablet of Law TPO, a car- penter’ s drill’; ‘yAovds, ‘* well-oiled,” “ slippery ” kévTpwv

* quick to use the goad ” (ef. 1300) ; orpodus, a weathenctel ot 308

THE CLOUDS, 436-460

So away with all care from henceforth, and prepare to be placed in our votaries’ hands. st. This then will I do, confiding in you, for Necessity presses me sore, And so sad is my life, ’twixt my cobs and my wife, that I cannot put up with it more. So now, at your word, I give and afford My body to these, to treat as they please, To have and to hold, in squalor, in cold, In hunger and thirst, yea by Zeus, at the worst, To be flayed out of shape from my heels to my nape So along with my hide from my duns I escape, And to men may appear without conscience or fear, Bold,* hasty, and wise, a concocter of lies, A rattler to speak, a dodger, a sneak, A régular claw of the tables of law, A shuffler complete, well worn in deceit, A supple, unprincipled, troublesome cheat ; A hang-dog accurst, a bore with the worst, In the tricks of the jury-courts thoroughly versed. If all that I meet this praise shall repeat, Work away as you choose, I will nothing refuse, Without any reserve, from my head to my shoes. You shan’t see me wince though my gutlets youmince, And these entrails of mine for a sausage combine, Served up for the gentlemen students to dine.

cu. Here’s a spirit bold and high Ready-armed for any strife. (To Strepsiades) If you learn what I can teach Of the mysteries of speech, Your glory soon shall reach To the summit of the sky. parrvodaxés (Bentley’s emendation for parrodoxds) “a licker-up of hashed meat.” 309

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Ti meioopat; OED Map Tov mdévTa xpdovov eT Emod fnAwrorarov Biov avOpamwv did€es. 465 dpa ye tobr’ dp eyd mor’ oouat; wore ye aod moods emi Tatar Opais del KabAoIa, Bovdopévous avaxowobdobai Te Kat és Adyov €ADeiv, 470 mpdypwara. Kavtuypadas moAAdv TaAdyroy dfva of ppevi ovpBovAevoopevous peTa ood. 475 ” éyxelper TOV mpeaBUTnV O TL meh péAAets mrpo- dvddoxew, Kal Svaxiver Tov vodv adrod, Kal THs yyw@pns arro- TELpa. .

dye Om, KaTeiTre joe od TOV cavrod Tpomov, wv’ avrov cidas dors €orl ynxavas 7 ° mt Tovrots mpos oé Kaas mpoogepw. ti b€; Tetyouaxeiy poor Siavoe?, pds TMV Dedv; 480 ovk, aAda Bpayéa cov mvbécbar BovAopat, 3 el pvnpovixos et.

dvo TpoTw v7) TOV Aia: iy peev yap odpeiAnrai Ti pot, pynwwr mdvu, eav 8’ odeiAw, oxérAos, emArjopenv mdavv. EveoTt dard goL Aéyew év Th pvoer; 485 Aéyew pev ovK €veot’, amootepely 8 Ev. m&s obv Suvyicer pavOdvew;

apeAer, KaADs.

dye vuv ows, Oray TL mpoBdrAw cou copov mepl TOV perecbpw, ed0éws dpaprdoer, ti dai; Kuvvndov TH copiay OLTHGOMAL; 490 avOpwros apabiis obdToat kal BdpBapos, déd0ixd o', & mpeoBira, pu) wAnyav Sey.

le

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THE CLOUDS, 461-493

And what am I to gain? With the Clouds you will obtain The most happy, the most enviable life. Is it possible for me Such felicity to see ? Yes, and men shall come and wait In their thousands at your gate, Desiring consultations and advice On an action or a pleading a From the man of light and leading, And you'll pocket many talents in a trice.

(To Socrates)

Here, take the old man, and do all that you can,

your new-fashioned thoughts to instil,

And stir up his mind with your notions refined,

and test him with judgement and skill.

Come now, you tell me something of your habits : For if I don’t know them, I can’t determine

- What engines I must bring to bear upon you.

Eh! what? Not going to storm me, by the Gods ? No, no: I want to ask you a few questions. First : is your memory good ?

Two ways, by Zeus ; If I’m owed anything, I’m mindful, very : But if I owe, (Oh, dear !) forgetful, very.

. Well then: have you the gift of speaking in you?

The gift of speaking, no: of cheating, yes.

. No? how then can you learn ?

Oh, well enough.

. Then when I throw you out some clever notion.

About the laws of nature, you must catch it. What! must I snap up sapience, in dog-fashion ?

. Oh! why the man’s an ignorant old savage :

I fear, my friend, that you'll require the whip. 311

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SF ot , a rr 4 dep idw, ti Spas, yv tis oe TUTTH; 4 TUNTOMAL, ” > > ‘ 2\/ > , éreit emioxwv oAiyov emysapTvpopat, > Ss > ond \ / er’ abdOis axaph Siadurav Sicalopar. iO. vuv, Katdbov Ooipdariov. HOLKNKA TL; ” > A A > , / ovK, GAAd yupvods elovevar vopilerat. GAN obyi dwpdowv eywy’ eicépxopar. Kata0ov. ti Anpeis; + ae / 4, / ele Oy vv prow TOOL" “ > \ > ‘ / 0 / Vy emyedns ® Kal mpobvpws pavGaven, TO TOV palnrav eudepys yevnoopar; obdev Siolcers Xatped@vros i vow. olor Kakodaipwr, HuwOvis yevyoopar. > \ / > > > / > ‘ od pn AadArjaets, add’ aKkodovOyaers Epuot dvvoas Te devpt OGrTov; €s TW xeipée vuv 80 r ~ / . € 85 > > A ds por peAcTodrTav mpdtepov: ws SédoiK’ eye elow KataBaivwy worep eis Tpodwviov. / / / ” \ \ / x@peu TL KuTTalers Exwv wept THY Bdpav;

adn’ ide Xalpwv Ths avdpelas 7

elvea Tavrns.

evTvxta yevouro Tay Opry, OTL TponKwv

és Bald ris 7HAuKias vewrépous Thy dvow av-

Tob mpdywacw xpwrilerat Kal codiav émackel.

* Socrates wishes to appropriate it (ef. 179, 856), but Strep-

siades thinks he is to be bina

312

495

505

510

515

THE CLOUDS, 494-517

Come, if one strikes you, what do you do ? aT. I’m struck : Then in a little while I call my witness : Then in another little while I summon him. so. Put off your cloak.* ST. Why, what have I done wrong ? so. QO, nothing, nothing: all go in here naked. st. Well, but I have not come with a search-warrant.? so. Fool! throw it off. ST. Well, tell me this-one thing ; If I’m extremely careful and attentive, Which of your students shall I most resemble ? so. Why, Chaerephon. You'll be his very image. st. What! I shall be half-dead! O luckless me ! so. Don’t chatter there, but come and follow me ; Make haste now, quicker, here: ST. Oh, but do first Give me a honied cake : Zeus ! how I tremble, To go down there, as if to see Trophonius.° so. Goon! why keep you pottering round the door ?

cu. Yes! go, and farewell; as your courage is great, So bright be your fate. May all good fortune his steps pursue, Who now, in his life’s dim twilight haze, Is game such venturesome things to do, ! To steep his mind in discoveries new, To walk, a novice, in wisdom’s ways.

> The officer had to enter a house yuprds 4 xtTwrloxov Exwv (Plato, Leg. 954 a) so that he might not secretly carry in the thing asserted to be stolen. ¢ The oracle of Trophonius was in a cave at Lebadea: the ere were taken to appease “ the serpent which haunted it”: chol.

313

ARISTOPHANES

> 0 / ~ \ e ~ 2 62 ® Oedpevor, Karep@ mpos tuds eAevdepws ~ , 3 TadnO4, vy tov Avdvucov tov €xOpépavTa pe. , otvrw viKnoayt 7 ey Kat vouloiunv aodos, 520 e ¢ ~ ¢ tA oe ‘ \ ws twas wyyovpevos evar Oearas Se€vovs \ , y is A eee 5 A Kal tavTnv copwtar exew TOV Eeudv Kwpmdiv, 7 7f/ > > a > , ee a , mpwrtous nkiws avayeto’ duds, 1] mapéoxe por ” a a3 , ess a ” Epyov mActoTov: elt’ dvexwpovv bm’ avdp@v poptixav qT7nbeis, odk akvos wy: TadT’ obv byiv peuhopar 525 a val e A > > \ a > > , trois aodois, dv ovvern” eya) Tabr’ empayywarevouny. GAN’ 088’ ds tua@v 708’ Exwv mpodwaw Tods dekovs. e€ drov yap ev0d8’ in’ avdpdv, ols 745d Kat A€yew, e / > 4 ” > > / 6 owdpwv Te XH Katan’ywv apior HKovaarny, > / / \ wv > » 2 eA A aA Kayw, taplevos yap er’ hv, KodK e&fv mob jor TeKetv, 530 e€€0nxa, trais 8° érépa tis AaBoto’ aveirero, bpets 8 e&eOpéepare yevvalws KamawWevoarTe* > 4, \ 2? JS oe , ” > 7 €x ToUTOV Mot TLOTA Tap duiv yropns €o0 SpKia.

~ on > 7, 1 ie , 7Q> ¢€ , vov obv ’HAékrpav Kar’ exeivny 78° 7) Kwp@dia

* 518-62 constitute the Parabasis of the revised Comedy.

> Two characters in his play the Banqueters.

¢ The Banqueters was exhibited in the name of Callistratus.

4 The Choéphoroe of Aeschylus, where E. recognizes her brother’s ‘‘ lock of hair ” on Agamemnon’s tomb.

314

THE CLOUDS, 518-534

O Spectators, I will utter : honest truths with accents free, Yea! by mighty Dionysus, Him who bred and nurtured me. So may I be deemed a poet, and this day obtain the prize, As till that unhappy blunder I had always held you wise, And of all my plays esteeming this the wisest and the best, Served it up for your enjoyment, which had, more than all the rest, Cost me thought, and time, and labour : then most scandalously treated, I retired in mighty dudgeon, by unworthy foes defeated. This is why I blame your critics, for whose sake I framed the play : Yet the clever ones amongst you even now I won't betray. No! for ever since from judges unto whom ’tis joy to speak, Brothers Profligate and Modest ” gained the praise we fondly seek, When, for I was yet a Virgin, and it was not right to bear, I exposed it, and Another did the foundling nurse with care,° But ’twas ye who nobly nurtured, ye who brought it up with skill ;— From that hour I proudly cherish pledges of your sure good will. Now then comes its sister hither, like Electra in the Play,@

315

ARISTOPHANES _ Lnrobo’ HAO’, av mov ’mutdyn Oearats obrw codois: yrwioerar yap, jvrep tn, TAdeApod Tov Bootpuxov. ds 5¢ cddpwv éati dice oxepacd’: Aris mpara pwev ovdev 7ADe parbapéevn oxdtwov Kaleysevov, épubpov e& axpov, max¥, Tots maidious W” F yéeAws* 008’ éoxwibe Tods dadaxpovs, odde Kdpday’ €iAKvaer, 541 > \ , ¢ / y ~ / ovd€ mpeoBurns 6 Aéywv Taryn TH Baxrnpia , \ / > > / \ va TUnTe, TOV TapovT’, adavilwy Tovnpa oKwppara, ove «lone Sddas Exyovo’, 08d’ tod tod Boa, GAN airh Kal rots éreow muorevovo’ eAndAvbev, Kayw pev TOLOdTOS avip wv months od Koma, 54 99> ¢ ~ ~ > “A \ \ ‘ v3 > / od duds Cnt@ ’Earraray Sis Kal tpis TavT’ eloaywr, GAN det Kkawas idd€as eiodepwv codilomat, ovdev aAdjAaow opolas Kal mdaoas debids* a“ / ” / det 4 > > \ , ds péytotov ovta KAéwv’ Erauo’ eis THY yaotépa, KovK eToAuno adlis ereumndijo atit@ Keysevm. BHI obra 8, ws anak rrapédwxev Aafjv ‘YmépBodos,

~ / ra ees > .N \ \ / totrov deiAavov KoAeTpao’ dei Kal THY pyTéepa.

@ eloneray yap ol KwptKol Sefwopévor depudriwva aldoia, yedolov xdpw s Schol. ‘

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THE CLOUDS, 535-552

_ Comes in earnest expectation | kindred minds to meet to-day 3 \ She will recognize full surely, if she find, her brother’s tress. And observe how pure her morals : : who, to notice her first dress, Enters not with filthy symbols on her modest garments hung,? Jeering bald-heads, dancing ballets, for the laughter of the young. In this play no wretched greybeard with a staff his fellow pokes, So obscuring from the audience all the poorness of his jokes. No one rushes in with torches, no one groans, ‘‘ Oh, dear ! Oh, dear!” Trusting in its genuine merits comes this play before you here. Yet, though such a hero-poet, I, the bald-head, do not grow Curling ringlets : neither do I twice or thrice my pieces show. Always fresh ideas sparkle, always novel jests delight, Nothing like each other, save that all are most exceeding bright. I am he who floored the giant, Cleon, in his hour of pride, Yet when down I scorned to strike him, and I left him when he died ! But the others, when a handle . once Hyperbolus did lend, Trample down the wretched caitiff, and his mother, without end.

317

ARISTOPHANES

Evsrodts pev tov Mapixdy apdtiotov mapeiAkucev exotpéepas Tovs HeTépous “Imméas Kakos Kak@s, mpoobeis abr® ypadv pebdonv Tod KOpdakos ovvEY’, HV 5a Dpvviyos ada memoiny’» iv TO KhTos Hotter.

ei?’ “Eppimmos adfis émoinoer eis “YaépBodov,

dAAo 7 dn mavTes epeiSovow eis ‘YaépBodov,

Tas elkods TOV eyxéAewv Tas euas pyLovpevot.

doTis obv TovToLOL yeAG, Tots euois wr XarpeTwW* 5G nv oe €wol Kat Totow €yots eddpaivryo? edpyuacww,

és Tas wpas Tas érépas ed dpoveiv SoKyoeTe.

dypyuedovta pev Dedy Zijva TUpavvov €s Yopov TmpatTa peyav KukAnoKw* 56 Tov Te peyaobevh Tpiat-

vys Talay, vis Te Kal aAuvpas Baddo- ons ayprov poxheuripy: Kal peyaddvypov PLETE POV marép t Ghd Aidépa cepvdrarov, Bibpéupova mavTwv> 5 tov @ inmovwpav, ds bmep- Adpmpois axtiow Karéxer yijs médov, péyas ev Beois ev Ovnroiot te Saipwr.

@ Clearly the ‘‘ mother of Hyperbolus.”

» He seems to have travestied the story of Andromeda, bring- ing on a tipsy old woman to be devoured by the sea-monster.

* See K. 864-7.

318

THE CLOUDS, 553-574

In his Maricas the Drunkard, _Eupolis the charge began, Shamefully my “ Knights ” distorting, as he is a shameful man, Tacking on the tipsy beldame,* just the ballet-dance to keep, Phrynichus’s ° prime invention, eat by monsters of the deep. Then Hermippus on the caitiff opened all his little skill, And the rest upon the caitiff are their wit exhausting still ; And my simile to pilfer é “ of the Eels ” ¢ they all combine. Whoso laughs at their productions, let him not delight in mine. But for you who praise my genius, you who think my writings clever, Ye shall gain a name for wisdom, yea! for ever and for ever.

O mighty God, O heavenly King, First unto Thee my prayer I bring,

O come, Lord Zeus, to my choral song ;— And Thou, dread Power, whose resistless hand Heaves up the sea and the trembling land,

Lord of the trident, stern and strong ;— And Thou who sustainest the life of us all Come, Ether, our parent, O come to my call ;— And Thou who floodest the world with light, Guiding thy steeds through the glittering sky, To men below and to Gods on high

A Potentate heavenly-bright !

319

ARISTOPHANES

® codwrator Oearai, deipo tov vodv mpdoxere. 575 > / A ean / > > / HoiKnuEevar yap dyuiv peuddpec! éevaytiov: mAciora yap Jey ardvrwv whedrovoais THY TOAW, Sayuovev Huiv povais od Aver’ odd€ omevdere, a lol ¢ a ”“ A ” 8 aitwes Tnpoduev tuas.. Hv yap H Tis e€od0s pndevi Edtv vd, tor” 7} Bpovrdpev 7 paxaloper. 580 elra Tov Oeoiaw éeyOpov Bupoodeyyy Maddayova C2 F~' 9. ¢ Cal 4 ‘ > “~ / nvix npeiabe orparnydov, Tas oppds ovviyomev > A / ce ‘ > > 4 Ine onl >? Katrovodpev Sewd: “ Boovri 8° éppdyn dv’ aotpamys* % aeAnvn 8 e&édeure Tas ddovs* 6 8 HAvos tiv OpvarrAs’ eis Eavrov edOéws EvveAKvoas 585 od dhaveiy hacker dyiv, ei orpatnynoe Kréwv. GAN’ duws etAcobe todrov. daci yap SvaBovdAiav ~ “a / a A , \ ‘ THE TH TOAEL Tpoceivar, TabTa prevTot Tovs Deods LA ; ae ¢ Cal > / > + \ / / arr av vpeis eLapdpryr emi to BéATiov tpemeww. ws b€ Kal todro Evvoice padiws didd£omev. 590

jv KXéwva tov Adpov dapwv éddvres Kal KAoTiAs,

@ From the Z'eucer of Sophocles: Schol. » Nothing is known of this election.

820

THE CLOUDS, 575-591

O most sapient wise spectators, hither turn attention due, We complain of sad ill-treatment, we've a bone to pick with you : We have ever helped your city, helped with all our might and main ;

Yet you pay us no devotion,

that is why we now complain, We who always watch around you.

For if any project seems Tll-concocted, then we thunder, then the rain comes down in streams, And, remember, very lately, how we knit our brows together, “ Thunders crashing, lightnings flashing,” ¢ never was such awful weather ; And the Moon in haste eclipsed her, and the Sun in anger swore

He would curl his wick within him

and give light to you no more, Should you choose that mischief-worker,

Cleon, whom the Gods abhor, Tanner, Slave, and Paphlagonian,

to lead out your hosts to war.® Yet you chose him! yet you chose him !

For they say that Folly grows Best and finest in this city,

but the gracious Gods dispose Always all things for the better,

causing errors to succeed :

And how this sad job may profit,

surely he who runs may read. Let the Cormorant be convicted,

in command, of bribes and theft,

VOL, I ‘ ¥ 321

ARISTOPHANES

~ M7 To Bs _elra dywonre tovtov TH EvAw Tov adyeva, 4 a a ” > , abs és tapyatov tpiv, el tr KaeénpapTere, | lad ~ , emt To BéATiov TO mpGypa TH woAcL cuvoiceTat. “ dudi pou abre,” otf’ avat Ande, Kuv@iav éxwv tyikeépata méTpav* 7 Wye) / / / 4 T “Edécov pdKaipa may- xpvoov €xels a > @ , olkov ev @ Kopa. ce Av- dav peydAws o€Bovows Ld > > 7 ¢€ / , 4 T° emixdpios ypetépa Oeds, hal, Bs, oft ~ > / aiyidos nvioxos, ToAwodyos “Abdvas Ilapvacciay & ds Karéxywv méTpav ovv mevKais oedayet Baxyais AcAdiow éeumpérwv, KwpaaTns Avdvucos. ES Ta a > 9 a ry; ff) 5 yvix tyets Sedp’ adopyaobar mapeckevdopeba, % Ledjvyn ovvtvxodo’ jpiv éenéorerrev dpdoar, mpara ev xaipew AOnvaiouor Kal rots Euppayois* -- clra Ovpaivew epacke: Sewa yap metrovOevat, wpedroba’ buds dravras, od Adyous, GAN eudavds. ~ ~ ~ , TMpOTa pev TOO nvos eis 548° odK eAaTTov 7) SpaxyHv, wate Kal Aéyew dmavras e&ivras éomépas,

* dul po aire was a common commencement of dithyrambie odes.

822,

59

6

THE CLOUDS, 592-613

Let us have him gagged and muzzled, Re in the pillory chained and left, _ Then again, in ancient fashion, all that ye have erred of late, Will turn out your own advantage, and a blessing to the State.

“ Phoebus, my king, come to me still.” ¢ Thou who holdest the Cynthian hill,

The lofty peak of the Delian isle ;— And Thou, his sister, to whom each day Lydian maidens devoutly pra

In Thy stately gilded Ephesian pile ;— And Athene, our Lady, the queen of us all, With the Aegis of God, O come to my call ;— And Thou whose dancing torches of pine Flicker, Parnassian glades aifong,

Dionysus, Star of Thy Maenad throng, Come, Reveller most divine !

We, when we had finished packing, and prepared our journey down, Met the Lady Moon, who charged us with a message for your town. First, All hail to noble Athens, ." and her faithful true Allies ; Then, she said, your shameful conduct ; ot made her angry passions rise, Treating her so ill who always aids you, not in words, but clearly ; Saves you, first of all, in torchlight every month a drachma nearly, So that each one says, if business . calls him out from home by night,

323

ARISTOPHANES

A ~ ~ , é Le mpin, tat, 548’, ereidi) ds VeAnvains Kadov. + 5 > Je: ¢ ~ > > + ‘A dAda 7 ed Spav dynow, buds 8 ovK ayew tas nEpas 615 ovdev dp0ds, GAN dvw te Kal KaTw Kvdoldorav* aor anedrciv dynow adbtH tods Oeods ExdoToTe Dat Bel Pie a , a er, ” yvik av wevobGor Seimvov, Kamiwaw oiKade, Tijs €optis un Tvxdvres Kad. Adyov TOV HyepOv. Ka0’ drav Ovew Sén, orpeBAobre Kal Sixalere 620 TmoMdkis 8 judy ayovtwy tav bedv amacrtiav, re fer 3 a“ ~ ”“ A /, 2) ee / quix av mevOdpev 4 tov Méuvov’ 7 Yapwydova, o7révie?? duets Kal year’: av” dv Aaya “Yrép- Bodos “~ ¢ a ” + *.¢ 3 oe ~ a ~ THTES lepouvynpoveiv, Karel” bh Hudv tov Oedv ‘ / > / lanl A 4 ” Tov atépavov adynpén: uadAov yap otrws elaerar 625 Kata cedijvnv ws dyew xpi Tod Blov Tas Hepas.

za. pa tHv ’Avarvonv, ua Td Xdos, wa tov *Adpa, ov« «ldov ovtws avdp’ dypoikov ovdéva 399? ” 299A ‘ 29> > / 008° dmropov obd€ cKatdv 08d émAjopova’ dotis oxadabupudry dra puxpa pavOdver, 630 tadr’ émAdAnorar mplv pabeiv: Suws ye pay avrov KaAd Ovpale Sevpi mpos To dds. mod Urpeyfuddns; e€er tov aoxavrnv AaBov.

* The allusion is to alterations in the calendar introduced by the astronomer Meton about 432 z.c.

® Son of Eos (Aurora), slain by Achilles ; for Sarpedon son of Zeus whom Patroclus slew see J/. xvi. 419 seq.

° An official sent with the three Pylagorae to the Amphictyonic Council. Nothing is known of the circumstance.

4 Socrates here comes out of the Phrontisterion where he has been endeavouring to teach Strepsiades.

324

THE CLOUDS, 614-633

“ Buy no link, my boy, this evening, for the Moon will lend her light.” Other blessings too she sends you, yet you will not mark your days As she bids you, but confuse them, jumbling them all sorts of ways,? And, she says, the Gods in chorus shower reproaches on her head, When in bitter disappointment they go supperless to bed, Not obtaining festal banquets duly on the festal day ; Ye are badgering in the law-courts when ye should arise and slay ! And full oft when we celestials some strict fast are duly keeping, For the fate of mighty Memnon,? or divine Sarpedon weeping, Then you feast and pour libations : and Hyperbolus of late Lost the crown he wore so proudly as Recorder ¢ of the Gate, Through the wrath of us immortals : so perchance he'll rather know Always all his days in future by the Lady Moon to go.

so.? Never by Chaos, Air, and Respiration, Never, no never have I seen a clown So helpless, and forgetful, and absurd ! Why if he learns a quirk or two he clean Forgets them ere he has learnt them : all the same, I'll call him out of doors here to the light. Take up your bed, Strepsiades, and come !

325

3T. =Q. ST. 22.

3T.

=.

ARISTOPHANES

GAN odvk edoi p’ eEeveyKeiv of Kdpets. avUoas Ti KaTtd0ov, Kal mpdccye TOV voOV. idov.

aye 87, ti Bovreu Tpara. vouvt peavOdvew a cy ovK Edda Ons mesmor" oder ; eimé pol. mOrTepov mept peTpov 7) mepl em Ov 7 pv0pdv; Tepl TOV peTpwv eywy’* vayxos yap Tote ta dAgurapor8ob mapekorny duyowikw. 640 od TOUT epwT® ©; aN’ 6 TU KaddAvarov [eT pov aye mOTEpoV TO TplLLETpOV 1 TO TETPAYETPOV; 645 eya) ev ovdev mpdTEpov TPLEKTEOD. ovdev Ayers, WvOpwre.

mepioov vuv esol, ei 41) TET pdyLeTpov €or TPLLEKTEOY. és KOpaKas, ws dypoucos « Kal Svopabns. Taxa &° av dvvaso pavOdvew mept pubpav. ti d€ pw’ wdheAjaovo” of pluot mpos TaAdgita; mpa@tov prev elvar Kopisov ev ovvovoia, 650 érratov?’ Omotds éort TOV pv0uadv : Kat eévomAvov, xwrrotos a’ Kata SaKTvAov. Kata SaxrvdAov; v7 tov Ai’, adr’ oid’. eimé Oy. tis aAdos avti TovTovt Tod dSaKTvAoV; . m™po Tob pev, er euod madds OvTos, OvTOGL. aypetos ef Kal oKxatds. 655

od ydp, adlupé, TovTwv emOuuad pavOdvew ovdev.

Tt Sal;

exeiv’ exeivo, Tov adikwTatov Adyov. GAN’ Erepa Sei ce mpdtepa Tovtwrv pavOdvew,

* The pédiuvo: = 48 yoimkes, the éxreds=8, and so the hpuexréov=4, being therefore rerpduerpov. The joke, however, in

326

ST. so. ST. so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST,

so.

ST.

so.

ST. so. ST.

so. ST.

so. ST. so.

THE CLOUDS, 634-658

By. Zeus, I can’t : the bugs make such resistance.

Make haste. There, throw it down, and listen. _ Well!

Attend to me: what shall I teach you first

That you've not learnt before ? Which will you have,

Measures or rhythms or the right use of words ?

Oh! measures to be sure : for very lately

A grocer swindled me of full three pints.

I don’t mean that : but which do you like the best Of all the measures ; six feet, or eight feet ? Well, I like nothing better than the yard. Fool! don’t talk nonsense.

What will you bet me now That two yards don’t exactly make six feet ? ¢ Consume you! what an ignorant clown you are ! Still, perhaps you can learn tunes more easily. But will tunes help me to repair my fortunes ? They'll help you to behave in company : If you can tell which kind of tune is best For the sword-dance, and which for finger music.”

For fingers ! aye, but I know that.

Say on, then. What is it but this finger ? though before, Ere this was grown, I used to play with that. Insufferable dolt ! ;

‘ Well but, you goose,

I don’t want to learn this. ; What do you want then? Teach me the Logic! teach me the unjust Logic.! But you must learn some other matters first :

the Greek consists largely in all the measures being measures of capacity (a wédiwvos being about 12 gallons).

» Strepsiades knows nothing about “dactyl” but takes

ddxrvdos in its literal sense, and makes indecent gestures withthe middle finger (énfamis digitus).

327

328

ARISTOPHANES

TOV TeTpamodwy dirt’ eorly opbas dppeva.. adn’ oid’ eywye Tappev" , et pr) atvomaL* 660 Kplos, tpdyos, Tabpos, KUwv, dAEKTpUwV. opas oO TAOXELS 5 TH Te Oj Acvav Kahets dAcKTpudva KaTa TAavTO Kal TOV AppEva. 7Hs 8H; pepe. mas; adextpumv KadeKkTpuwv. vy) TOV Tlooeda. vov dé 7s pe xpy KaAciv; 665 aAcKTpvaway, Tov oe Erepov dAEKTopa. ddexrptauvay 5 ra) ye vy tov *Aé€pa: wat avti tovtov Tod Siddyparos p.ovov diadditdow cov KiKAw tiv Kdpdo7or. idod par’ atOis rod0’ érepov. tiv KapdoToy 670 dppeva Kadeis, OjAcvav odcar. TH TpOT@ + ~ ? A / dppeva KaA® "yd Kadpdomov; pdAvwoTa ye, wotep ye Kat KAewvupor. mas 84; dpdcov. Tavtov dSvvatal cor Kdpdomos KAewvtpw. arr’, dyad’, od5’ Fv Kdpdomos KAewrduw, _—- 68 GAN ev Oveia otpoyytAn y’ avepdrrero. aTap TO Aowrov mas pe xp7) Kadciv; Omws; THY KapdoTnv, Womep KaAels THY UwoTparny. Thv Kapdomyv OxAevav; opbads yap Aéyets. exeivo 8° Hv dy, Kapoor, KAcwvtpn. 6x ETL Oy) ye mrept Tov ovopdrey pabeiv oe Sel, arr dippev’ coriv, ATTA 8 adray OxjAea. GAN’ oid’ eywy’ & Onde eortiv. eimé 37).

ST.

so.

ST. so. ST. so. ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST.

so.

ST. so.

@ As being “a poor man’

THE CLOUDS, 659-683

As, what are males among the quadrupeds. I should be mad indeed not to know that. The Ram, the Bull, the Goat, the Dog, the Fowl. Ah! there you are! there’s a mistake at once ! You call the male and female fowl the same. How ! tell me how. Why fowl and fowl of course. That’s true though ! what then shall I say in future ? Call one a fowless and the other a fowl. A fowless? Good! Bravo! Bravo! by Air. Now for that one bright piece of information I'll give you a barley bumper in your trough. Look there, a fresh mistake ; you called it trough, Masculine, when it’s feminine. How, pray ? How did I make it masculine ? Why “ trough,” Just like “ Cleonymus.” I don’t quite catch it. Why “ trough,” “ Cleonymus,” both masculine. Ah, but Cleonymus has got no trough, His bread is kneaded in a rounded mortar : 4 Still, what must I say in future ? What! why call it A “ troughess,”’ female, just as one says “ an actress.” A “ troughess,” female ? That’s the way to call it. O “ troughess ” then and Miss Cleonymus. Still you must learn some more about these names ; Which are the names of men and which of women. Oh, I know which are women. Well, repeat some. who had nothing better to use:

’

Schol. But there seems a reference “ to the charge of effeminacy

which runs through these lines”: R.

829

=n.

ARISTOPHANES

AvoMa, Piruva, Kievrayépa, Anpntpia. dppeva dé mota Tv dvoparwv; poupia. 685 Diddeevos, MeAnoias, pApovias. ns aan’, @ movnpe, Tatra y €or ovK dppeva. ovK appev’ Hiv eoTw; ~ > > ni ovoapas y, Emel

~ a” , > A > m&s av Kkardccas evrvywv “Apvvia; Omws av; wot, Sedpo dedp’, "Apvvia. , 690 opas; yvvaixa tiv “Apvviav Kadeis. ovKovyv SiKaiws TTL od oTpaTeveTaL; arap ti Tad0? & mavres topev pavOdvw;

> \ A > > A ‘\ , ovoev pa Atv’, adAAa KatakAwels Seupi,

ti Spd; exppovTiady Tt tev ceavToo Tpaywarav. 695 >

py) 50° , ixereden o evOas’: GAN’ elmep ye xe", xapal pu €acov adra tabdr’ éxdpovricar. ovK €oTt mapa Tabr dda.

> , Kakodaipwv eyo,

olay dixnv tots Kdpeou Sow THmeEpov.

ppovrile 1) Kat SudBper, mdvTa TpoTov TE CaVTOV “700 orpoBee TUKVOTAS. taxvs 5’, drav eis amopov méons, > 2 ” / ex dAdo mda / 4 > > , , vonpa ppevds* Unvos 8 adméotw yAvKVOvpos Oppdreov. 705 larrarat tarrarat. Ti mdoxels; Ti Kdpvels; > / U > ~ , ~ amdAdAvpat SeiAavos: €« Too oKipmodos

> ST.

so. ST.

so. ST. so.

ST. so. ST.

so. ST. so. ST. so. ST.

so.

$T.

CH.

ST.

THE CLOUDS, 684-709

Demetria, Cleitagora, Philinna. Now tell me some men’s names.

O yes, ten thousand. Philon, Melesias, Amynias. Hold ! I said men’s names : these are women’s names. No, no, they’re men’s.

' They are not men’s, for how Would you address Amynias if you met him ? How ? somehow thus : “ Here, here, Amynia @! ” Amynia ! a woman’s name, you see. And rightly too ; a sneak who shirks all service ! But all know this : let‘s pass to something else. Well, then, you get into the bed. And then ? Excogitate about your own affairs, Not there : I do beseech, not there : at least Let me excogitate on the bare ground. There is no way but this. O luckless me!

How I shall suffer from the bugs to-day.

Now then survey in every way, with airy judgement sharp and quick : _ Wrapping thoughts around you thick : And if so be in one you stick, Never stop to toil and bother, Lightly, lightly, lightly leap, To another, to another ;. Far away be balmy sleep. Ugh! Ugh! Ugh! Ugh! Ugh! What’s the matter ? where’s the pain ? Friends! I’m dying. _ From the bed

3 Cf. W..466, 1267. The Greek vocative of ‘“‘ Amynias” becomes feminine in form.

331

XO. xT.

ARISTOPHANES

Sdxvovat p e&€provres ot KopivOior, Kal Tas mAevpas Sapddmrovow

Kal Thy wux7v eKmivovow,

Kal rods Opxeis e€€AKovow,

Kal TOV mpwKTov Siop¥TTovow,

Kal pg azroAodow.

pa vuv Bapéws dAyew Aiav.

Kat Tas; OTE f4ou

dpotda Ta xpypara, dpovdn xpord, Ppovdy Yux7}, Ppovdn 8° euBas- Kal mpos TovTois ert Toto. KaKots dpoupas adwv

dXiyou dpoddos yeyévnuar.

* / a a / odtos, Ti mroveis; odxi dpovriles; eyo; vy tov Locedd. ‘ / A AS 4 Kal ti df’ edpdvricas; ¢ A ~ / ” / / bro Tv Kopewy et pod tu mrepiAerhOyjcerar. amoAe KaKLOT’. a) > , GAN’, dydl’, amdAwX’ aptiws. od padBaxorée’, aAAd mepixaduTréa. eEevpetéos yap vods amoorepnTiKos KaTraLoAnp . ” / “ ES ER / oipor, tis dy dAr” émeBaror e€ dpvakidwy yvopnv _drroorepnTpioa ; Pepe vuv, dOpiow mp@rov, 6 te dpa, Tovrovi. obvtos, Kabevdets; > »” pa tov "AmddAAw “ya pev ov. Exels TL;

71

71:

72!

72

73

CH. ST.

so. ST.

so. ST. so. ST. so.

ST.

so,

so.

THE CLOUDS, 710-732

Out creep bugbears @ scantly fed,

And my ribs they bite in twain,

And my life-blood out they suck,

And my manhood off they pluck,

And my | loins they dig and drain,

And I’m dying, once again.

O take not the smart so deeply to heart.

Why, what can I do?

Vanished my skin so ruddy of hue,

Vanished my life-blood, vanished my shoe,

Vanished my purse, and what is still worse

As I hummed an old tune till my watch should be past,

I had very near vanished myself at the last.

Hallo there, are you pondering ? Eh! what? I? Yes to be sure. And what have your ponderings come to ? Whether these bugs will leave a bit of me. Consume you, wretch ! Faith, ’m consumed already. Come, come, don’t flinch : pull up the clothes again : Search out and catch*some very subtle dodge To fleece your creditors. O me, how can I Fleece any one with all these fleeces on me ?

(Puts his head under the clothes.)

Come, let me peep a moment what he’s doing. Hey ! he’s asleep !

, No, no! no fear of that ! Caught anything?

@ of Koply@cot (at this time the bitterest enemies of Athens) = ol

képes, ** the bugs.”

333

2T.

20.

ARISTOPHANES

A AC? > dn 28 > pa A’? od dir” eywy’. > , ovdevy mavuU; 3Q7 \ a“ \ / > > a oddév ye mAjv 7) TO méos ev TH Sed. odk eyKxadvidpevos Taxéws TL Ppovtiets ; 73% mept Tob; od ydp por TobTo dpdoov, @ LwKpares. abros 6 tt BovAcc mp@ros eevpav Aéye. dxjKoas pupidkis aya BovdAopar, mept TOV TOKWY, STwWS dv aod pydevi. ” , \ / \ 7 10. vuv, Kadvarov Kal oxdoas THY dpovTioa 74 Aenriv Kara puKpov mepippover TA mpaypara, dp0as Siaipdv Kat cKxordr. olwow TaAas. éy’ arpéwa: Kav amophs Te TOV vonuaTwr, > ‘ + > \ / 4 adels ameAe+ Kata THY yroiunv madw / Ss ee} \ / Kwnoov adlis, adro Kat CuydOpioov. 14

'@ Laxparidiov pidrarov.

tl, @ Yepov; éyw TOKOV yumpnv arooTepnTiKyy. emiderkov avTHv. eizé Sx vdv pot,

7 TO Th; a 499 > , , yuvaika pappakid’ ef mpidyevos Merradyy, Kabédoywe viKTwp THY aeAnvyv, elra Be 15

> \ ld > > a . 7 avriv KabeipEa’ és Aofetov otpoyyvdAov, @onep KdtomTpov, KaTa THpoinv Exuw, tl dita tobr dv wheAjoeev a’; AS

o Tl;

> ee ee , / a : ei pnkér avarédAor oeAjvn pndapod, — ovK av amodoinv Tods TOKOUS. | +e

7 /, ori Ti 83 15 6Tu) Kata pyva Tapytpiov Saveilerar,

> > so > p , ed y’* GAW’ Erepov ad cou mpoBadrAd re Seftor.

THE CLOUDS, 733-757

st. No, nothing.

so. Surely, something.

st. Well, I had something in my hand, I'll own.

so. Pull up the clothes again, and go on pondering.

st. On what? now do please tell me, Socrates.

so. WhaWis it that you want? first tell me that.

st. You Have heard a million times what ’tis I want : My debts! my debts! I want to shirk my debts.

so. Come, come, pull up the clothes : refine your thoughts \ With subtle wit : look at the case on all sides : Mind you divide ¢ corréctly.

ST. Ugh! O me.

so. Hush: if you meet with any difficulty Leave it a moment : then return again To the same thought : then lift and weigh it well.

st. Oh, here, dear Socrates !

so. Well, my old friend.

st. I’ve found a notion how to shirk my debts.

so. Well then, propound it.

ST. What do you think of this ? Suppose I hire some grand Thessalian witch To conjure down the Moon, and then I take it And clap it into some round helmet-box, And keep it fast there, like a looking-glass,—

so. But what’s the use of that ?

eS ee The use, quotha : Why if the Moon should never rise again, I’d never pay one farthing.

so. No! why not?

st. Why, don’t we pay our interest by the month? so. Good! now I'll proffer you another problem.

@ d.alpeots ‘“‘ division of genus into species” is a technical term in Logic.

335

ARISTOPHANES

” / 4, / , Et cou ypadowro wevTerdAavtds Tis diKn, Omws av atriv apavioceias eimé [ol. Omws; Omws; ovK old’: atap Cyrnreov. py vuv mepl cavrov elAde riv yropny det, GAN’ amoydda tiv dpovtid’ eis Tov aépa, Awd8erov womep penAoddovOnv Tob 7000s. edpnk abdveow THs Suns copurdryy, Gor avrov opodroyeiv o° uot. motay Twa; 707) mapa. Toot pappaxomeAaus THv diBov TAUTHV eopaias, Thv Kadjv, THY Svapavh, ag’ As TO Tip amTovat; \ 4 / TI vadov A€yets ; eyunye. dépe, Th Sir” av, et TavTHny AaBcv, onde ypapouro THY Siieny 6 ypapparevs, dmrevrépus ords de mpos Tov TPwov TO ypappar” exrSayue Ths euns dSiKns; copOs ye v7) tas Xdpiras. ol ws Aodomat a /, / , / ort mrevretdAavtos Siayéyparrat pou dik. aye 51) Taxéws touti Evvdpracov. TO Tl; Ld > / an” > / , Omws amooTpeiais dy dvr Bucy Sucny, pédAAwy opdioew, pa TapovTwy papTupwr. davrdrara Kal pao. > a, * A ele 57. Kal 81) Aéyw. et mpdobev err pds eveorwons dixys, mpl thy eunv Karcol’, dnray€aiunv tpexwv. ovdev Aéyeis. ° \ A \ ” > > ‘ vi) Tovs Deods Eywy’, Emel

76

76

77

77

78

ST. so... ST.: so.

ST.

so. ST.

so. ST.

so. a so.

ST. so. ST.

so. ST.

THE CLOUDS, 758-781

Suppose an action : damages, five talents : Now tell me how you can evade that same. How ! how! can’t say at all: but I’ll go seek.— Don’t wrap your mind for ever round yourself, But let your thoughts range freely through the air, Like chafers with a thread about their feet.¢ I’ve found a bright evasion of the action : Confess yourself, ‘tis glorious. But what is it ? I say, haven’t you seen in druggists’ shops That stone, that splendidly transparent stone, By which they kindle fire ? The burning-glass ? That’s it : well then, I’d get me one of these, And as the clerk was entering down my case, I'd stand, like this, some distance towards the sun, And burn out every line. By the Three Graces, A clever dodge ! O me, how pleased I am To have a debt like that clean blotted out. Come, then, make haste and snap up this. Well, what ? How to prevent an adversary’s suit Supposing you were sure to lose it ; tell me. O, nothing easier. . How, pray ? Why thus, While there was yet one trial intervening, Ere mine was cited, I’d go hang myself. Absurd ! No, by the Gods, it, isn’t though :

* To tie a thread round the leg of a cockchafer and then see

it try to fly was apparently a common amusement of boys.

VOL. I Z 337

Xo.

ST.

XO. 2T.

XO.

338

ARISTOPHANES

oddels Kar’ euod tebvedros ciod&er Sixyv.

¢ A ” > > nn f a7 # SOAcis: dzepp’, odK av Sidakaiunv o Ett. éru) ti; val mpos TOv Oedv, @ LwKpares. GAN edbOds emAjPer ad y ar” dv Kat pabys- émel ti vuvt mpa@rov edvddxOns; Aéye.

a“ > / ~ dép’ iSw, ti pevror mpOrov hv; Th mpOtov hv;

> / ” tis Hv ev Hh parroucla pevror Taddita; olor, Tis HV; > >? / > 6 a otk és Kdpakas amopbepet, / emiAnopoTarov Kal OkKaLOTATOV ‘yEpovTLOV ; onl , olor, TL odv O90 6 KaKodaipwy Telcopat; amo yap dAcduar pr) pabdv yAwrrootpodpey. /, GA’, & NedéAu, xpnotov te ovpBovdevoare. a ~ 7 Hucis pev, & mpecBdra, ovpPovredopuer, el got Tis vids e€oTw exTeOpappevos, méumew exetvov avtt cavtod pavOdvew. > > ” > ” > e\ / > - aN gor euouy” vids Kadds Te Kayabos* / GW’ odk eda yap pavOdvew, ti eyw 7d0w; od 8 émuitpézeis; a ‘ a evowparel yap Kal odprya, ~ ~ , Kdor éx yuvaikav edrtépwv tav Kovovpas. > A / / > > / a \ \ / arap peérewi y’ adrov: nv dé pa Oday, > ” > o > > ~ > ~ (ae g ovk €of” ows obk e€eA® °K THs otlKias. > > > / , > 2\/ > \ / aA éravdpewov p ddrtyov etaeAOav xpovov.

dp aicbdver mr€tora bv ids aya’ adbriy’ Ewv (avr.

povas Oedv; as. Ld 7d > ‘ A ~ EToyLos 60 e€oTiw dmavTa dpav » OS. ae 60° dv KedeUns.

78

79

79

80

od 8’ avdpos exrremrAnypevov Kal havep@s emnpevov 8)

THE CLOUDS, 782-810

They could not prosecute me were I dead.

so. Nonsense! Be off: I'll try no more to teach you.

st. Why not? do, please : now, please do, Socrates.

so. Why you forget all that you learn, directly.

Come, say what you learnt first ; there’s a chance for ou.

st. Ah! what was first >—Dear me : whatever was it ?— Whatever’s that we knead the barley in ?—

Bless us, what was it ?

so. Be off, and feed the crows, You most forgetful, most absurd old dolt !

st. Ome! what will become of me, poor wretch !

I’m clean undone : I haven’t learnt to speak.— O gracious Clouds, now do advise me something. cu. Our counsel, ancient friend, is simply this, To send your son, if you have one at home, And let him learn this wisdom in your stead. st. Yes! I’ve a son, quite a fine gentleman : But he won’t learn, so what am I to do?

cH. What! is he-fhaster ?

ST. Well : he’s strong and vigorous, And he’s got some of the Coesyra blood ¢ within him : Still I'll go for him, and if he won’t come By all the Gods I'll turn him out of doors.

Go in one moment, I’ll be back directly.

cu. Dost thou not see how bounteous we our favours free Will shower on you, Since whatsoe’er your will prepare This dupe will do. But now that you have dazzled and elated so your man,

* yuvaikGy ebrrépwy, lit. “ high-flying women,” “full of soaring notions,” 339

=T.

El.

2T.

El. aT.

340

ARISTOPHANES

\ > / Ld lal ta yvovs aroAdipes, 6 Te mActoTov dvvacat, raxéws: piret ydp mws Ta Tovad0” érépa Tperreobat.

” \ A c , v9 > a tal ovrou pa THY “OpixAny ér evravbot peveis: GAv écbv’ €\Odv tods MeyaxkAéous ktovas. 8] & Sade, ti yphua macxes, @ marEp; > s val \ A / \ > uA odk ed dpoveis pa tov Aia tov “OAdpmov. > / ~ aes. | A 9 9 4, ~ / iSov y’ dod Ai’ ’OdAvpmuov: THs pwpias* tov Ala vopilew, dvra tyAuKovTovi. ti Sé€ rotr éyéhacas ered; ‘ évOvupovpevos tn 8 °¢ , > \ lal > / Ott marddpiov «lt Kal Ppovets apxauKa. Ld \ / > a> lA , duws ye pay mpdccdl’, tv” eidfs mAetova, : kai cor dpdow mpayp’ 6 od pabay avip Ecet. Smws Sé Totro pn diWdkeis pydeva. idov' Ti €oTw; ; ” \ At setae | dpooas vuvt Ata. : éywy’. ¢ - ba e > \ \ | 1 Spas obv ws ayalov ro povOavew; > ” > / 4 ° otk €oTw, © Devdurmidn, Zevs. aAAa Tis; Aivos Baoirever, tov AV e&edAnAakes. aiBot, ri Anpeis; ” af? M4 wv icO Tod’ ovTws ExoOV. tis dno. Tadra; LwKparyns 6 MyjAvos § kal Xawedadv, ds olde ta vAdGv ixvy. od 8 eis tocotrov tav pavdv edjAvbas wor avdpdow meier yoAdow; evoTopel, Kal pndev elmns pdradpov dvdpas Se€vods

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH. ST.

PH. ST. PH. ST. PH. ST.

PH.

ST.

THE CLOUDS, 811-834

Make haste and seize whate’er you please as quickly as you can, For cases such as these, my friend, are very prone to change and bend.

Get out ! you shan’t stop here: so help me Mist ! Be off, and eat up Megacles’s columns. How now, my father ? what’s i’ the wind to-day ? You’re wandering ; by Olympian Zeus, you are. Look there ! Olympian Zeus ! you blockhead you, Come to your age, and yet believe in Zeus ! Why prithee, what’s the joke ? "Tis so preposterous When babes like you hold antiquated notions. But come and I'll impart a thing or two, A wrinkle, making you a man indeed. But, mind : don’t whisper this to any one. Well, what’s the matter ? Didn’t you swear by Zeus ? I did. See now, how good a thing is learning. There is no Zeus, Pheidippides. Who then ? Why Vortex reigns, and he has turned out Zeus, Oh me, what stuff. 3 Be sure that this is so. Who says so, pray ? The Melian *—Socrates, And Chaerephon, who knows about the flea-tracks, And are you come to such a pitch of madness As to put faith in brain-struck men ? O hush! And don’t blaspheme such very dexterous men

« The reference is to Diagoras the Melian, a notorious sceptie

(Oeoudxos, Schol.); cf. B. 1073.

341

ARISTOPHANES

Kal vodv éxyovras: dv bo THs PevdwAtas 8: amekelpat ovdels mumor odd HAEiparo 29> > a ‘y / \ \ ovd eis Badaveiov 7APe Aovadpmevos: ad SE womep teOveHtos pov Katadover Tov Biov. > > e / > > A e A > “a / GAN ws taxior’ eAPav trép euod pavOave. *EI. TiO Gv map exeivwy Kat alo. xpyorov Tis av; 84 ” 7 Ja > > > / y! 3T. ddAnfes; Goamep €or ev avOpedmois coda: yuwoe Sé cavTov ws apabys ef Kal mayvs. GAN’ éravaewov p> ddrLyov évtavbot ypovov. EI. olor, TL Spdow mapadpovodytos Tod maTpos; TOTEpa Trapavoias abrov eloayayav EArw, 8: ] Tots aopomnyois tiv paviay avTod dpacw; 3T. dep’ idw, av Tovrovi ti vouilers; etme pot. EI. aAeKTpvdova.

3T. KaAds ye. TauTnvi de Ti; ’EI. aAeKTpvov’. : =. audw ravro; KatayéAaotos el. Le voy TO Aowrdv, GAAA THVSE pev Kadetv 8!

dAexTpvawav, Toutovi 8 aAéKropa. > / 3 \ \ SEI. aAextpvawav; tabr euabes ta SeEta clow mapeAOav aptu mapa Tovds ynyeveis; »” / / > > > Lid /, > c / 3T. xaTepda ye moAd’* add’ 6 te pabom’ Exdorore, > / a” > \ ¢ ‘ / 7, A erreAavOaveunv av ed0ds bro mAnOovs éradv. 8! ®EI. dua Tatra 57) Kal Ooiudriov amwdA€eoas; . =T. add’ odK amoAddeK’, GAAA KarameppovTiKa. \ > > / a / > / / EI. tas 5° euBddas ot térpohas, wvonte.av; st. worrep IlepixAens els To Séov amwdAcca. iAN’ 10 Lo > ” - t ~ ‘ 8 aad’ ti, Babul’, twuev: elra TH warpl mOdpevos e&dpapre* Kayw Tol more

* A son might bring an action to declare his father incapable of managing his affairs; cf. Plato, Laws 928 p, and the case of Iophon, son of Sophocles,

342

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH. sT. PH.

ST,

THE CLOUDS, 835-861

And sapient too: men of such frugal habits They never shave, nor use your precious ointment, Nor go to baths to clean themselves : but you Have taken me for a corpse and cleaned me out. Come, come, make haste, do go and learn for me. What can one learn from them that is worth knowing ? Learn! why, whatever’s clever in the world : And you shall learn how gross and dense you are. But stop one moment : I'll be back directly. O me! what must I do with my mad father ? Shall I indict him for his lunacy,* Or tell the undertakers of his symptoms ? Now then! you see this, don’t you? what do you call it ? That ? why a fowl. Good ! now then, what is this ?

That’s a fowl too.

What both! Ridiculous ! Never say that again, but mind you always Call this a fowless and the other a fowl. A fowless! These then are the mighty secrets You have picked up amongst those earth-born fellows. And lots besides : but everything I learn: I straight forget : I am so old and stupid. And this is what you have lost your mantle for ? It’s very absent sometimes ” : ’tisn’t lost. And what have you done with your shoes, you dotard

ou?

Like Pericles, all for the best,¢ I’ve lost them. Come, come ; go with me: humour me in this, And then do what you like. Ah! I remember

> karameppérrixa, lit. ‘‘ I have cogitated it away.”

¢ els 7d déov, ‘on the needful,’ a phrase used by Pericles when

called to account for money spent “‘ on secret service.”

343

PEI.

=T.

=a.

El.

ST. 20.

aT.

=n.

=T.

344

ARISTOPHANES

P old” é€éret cor tpavAicavre mdpevos, dv mp@tov dBodAdcv éAaBov ‘HAvacrucdv, rovrou "mpidunv oot Avaciois apakida. aA . > , 9 pny od TovTos TH xpovw mot axlece. ~ x oY io "A ed y Ore éemelabns. Setpo Setp’, & UwxKpares, ” >] »” / \ e\ , e£eAl’> ayw ydp cou Tov viov TovToVi, GKOVT avaTreioas. ” vyTuTios yap €or €7t,

A ~ ~ +) / ~ > / Kal tov Kpeuabpdv od tpiBwv trav evOdde. adrtos TpiBwv eins dv, ei Kpeuaid ye.

~ ~ 4 ovK €s Képakas; KaTapd od T@ SiacKddrw; > A / > ¢ > / > cA idod Kpéuar’, ws HAiBov épbéyEato Kal Toto yxelAcow Sieppunkdow.

~ a“ / > 7 > / , m@s dv pao. mo?” obros amddvEw Sins 7) KAfjow 7 xavvwow davameornpiav;

re 2 , a > ¢ ,

Kaito. taAdvrov Tobr’ euabev ‘YaépBodos.

> , 7 Ig / > 4

apérer, didacKke* Ovp.dcodds eorw dvae* ev0Us yé ToL maLddpiov dv TuVvvoUTOVt

»” ” wae lot > ”

eAattev evdov oikias, vats T° éyAudev, dpatiias te oxutivas elipydlero,

Kak TOV ovdiwy Batpdyous émoier mas Soxels. omws 8 exeivw Tad AOyw pabyoera,

Tov KpelTTov’, dots éoTi, Kal TOV HrTova,

“ Ly / > / \ / ds TadiKa A€ywv avarpémer TOV KpeiTToVas — -

>A \ /, A ~ + 4, , €av S€ pj, Tov yody dducov mdan TEXVN. eR. > al a adros pwabrjcerar map” adroiv toiv Aoyow, eya) 8’ amécopar. TOOTS vuUV peuvno, OWS ‘ 4 ‘ / > > , / mpos mdvra Ta Sika.’ avriAdyew Suvycera.

868

87(

87

PH. ST.

so.

PH.

ST. so.

ST.

so.

sT.

THE CLOUDS, 862-888

How I to humour you, a coaxing baby,

With the first obol which my judgeship fetched me

Bought you a go-cart at the great Diasia.* The time will come when you'll repent of this. Good boy to obey me. Hallo! Socrates. Come here; come here; I’ve brought this son of mine, Trouble enough, I'll warrant you. Poor infant, Not yet aware of my suspension-wonders.? You’d make a wondrous piece of ware, suspended. Hey! Hangthelad! Do you abuse the Master ? And look, “ suthspended !” In what foolish fashion He mouthed the word with pouting lips agape. How can he learn evasion of a suit, Timely citation, damaging replies ? Hyperbolus, though, learnt them for a talent. O never fear! he’s very sharp, by nature. For when he was a little chap, so high, He used to. build small baby-houses, boats, Go-carts of leather, darling little frogs Carved from pomegranates, you can’t think how nicel

So now, I prithee, teach him both’ your Logics, The Better, as you call it, and the Worse Which with the worse cause can defeat the Better ; Or if not both, at all events the Worse. Aye, with his own ears he shall hear them argue. I shan’t be there.

But please remember this, Give him the knack of reasoning down all Justice.

@ Cf. 408 n.

® Lit. “ not versed in (the mysteries of) our baskets”; but

870 rpiBwr is “a worn-out cloak” which Socrates would look like if hung upon a peg. For his wearing a i ites cf. Plato, Symp. 219 Ba

345

ARISTOPHANES

AIKAIOS AOTOS. ywper Sevpi, dei€ov cavrov

a a / A ” toto. Jearais, Kaimep Opacds wy. _— 891 ‘trp? 7 / ? \ A col rd > AAIKOZ A. U0” Srrou xpnleis.”” moAd yap waAdAov o

év tots mroAXotot Aéywv azrodAd. Al. amodcis ot; Tis wv; / AA. Aoyos. Lid > ” Al. HTTwWV Y WV. > /, a“ ‘ > lot / AA. aAAd oe viKa, TOV EoD KpEiTTw ddoKovr’ civar. Al. Ti aopov ToLmv; 89 A AA. yvwpas Kawas e€evpioxwr. Al. Tatra yap avOet dia TovTovat Tovs avorrous. ” > \ / AA. ovK, aAAa codods.

Al. aT0A® oe KaKOs. AA. e€lié, TL TOL@V; 4A P 7 Al. Ta dikaia Aéywr. AA. aad’ avatpéetw y’ avr’ avtiurdywr: 90

> A \ > /, ‘ / ovde yap eivar mavu dnl dixny. Al. ovK elvar dis; AA. pepe yap, 70d “orw3 Al. mapa Totou Deots. ~ a , ” ¢ A AA. 7s Sita dixyns ovens 6 Leds > > sr A A 4 3 € A $0: ovk amdAwAev tov ratép’ adrob dijoas ; Al. aiBot, TovTt Kal 87) xwpel TO Kaxov: SdéTe pow AEKavny. AA. Tudoyépwv ef Kavdppoortos. Al. Katamvywv ef Kavaioxurtos. AA. poda p’ elpnkas.

* From the Telephus of Euripides, t@’ 8ro xpyfes* otk dm- 346

THE CLOUDS, 889-910

RIGHT Locic. Come show yourself now with your confident brow. —To the stage, if you dare! wronG Logic. ‘‘ Lead on where you please :”’@ I shall smash you with ease, If an audience be there. R.L. You'll smash me, you say! And who are you, pray? w.L. A Logic, like you. R.L. But the Worst of the two. w.L. Yet you I can drub whom my Better they dub. R.L. By what artifice taught ? WL. By original thought. r.L. Aye, truly your trade so successful is made. By means of these noodles of ours, I’m afraid. w.L. Not noodles, but wise.

R.L. I'll smash you and your lies ! w.Lt. By what method, forsooth ? R.L. By speaking the Truth.

w.t. Your words I will meet, and entirely defeat : There never was Justice or Truth, I repeat. R.L. No Justice ! you say ?

W.L. Well, where does it stay ? R.L. With the Gods in the air. W.L. If Justice be there,

How comes it that Zeus could his father reduce,

Yet live with their Godships unpunished and loose ? r.u. Ugh! Ugh! These evils come thick,

; I feel awfully sick,

A bason, quick, quick ! w.t. You're a useless old drone with one foot in the grave! n.I< You're a shameless, unprincipled, dissolute knave ! w.t. Hey! a rosy festoon.

ododuat | THs offs ‘ENévys odvexa, where Agamemnon is quarrelling with Menelaus. 847

Al. AA. Al. AA. Al. AA. Al. AA. Al.

AA. Al.

AA. Al.

" AA. Al. AA.

Al. xo.

348

ARISTOPHANES

Kat Bwpordgxos. Kplveot oTepavots.

Kal matpadoias. xpve@ morro pe ov yuyvooKeis. ov ofra m™po Too y’, adda, Lorwpoe. vov S€ ye Kdapos Tobr’ earl epot. Opacds ef moddod.

od dé y’ apxaios. dua oe S€ dourav ovdels eOéAer TOV perpakiwy:

‘ 7 7 es | , Kat yuwoOjce mor >APnvaio.s ola dwddoKeis TOUS avonTous. abypets aioxpas.

A , > Ss /

ov 5€ y ed mparrets. Kaito. mpoTepov yy’ emtTwyeves, TyAedos elvar Muods ddoxwr, ex mnpioiov

/ 4 , yroipas tpaywv IlavdeAeretous.

” / > / - por codias Hs euvioOns.

Cpor pavias THs ons, moAews 0, Tis o€ Tpeder Avpavdpevov Tots peipakiots.

, / “A / ” ovxt diuddkers Todrov Kpdvos wv. eirep y adrov owlfvar xp Kal pr AaAvay pdvov aokjoat. defp’ tht, Todrov & Ea paivecbar.

, \ a> ww > ft KAavoer, THY xetp’ Hv emPdAdgs. mavoacbe uayns Kat AowWopias. GAN’ éemideréar

tA \ / a > 2907 av Te Tos mpoTépous aTT edidaoKes,

910

915

920

925

- 930

935

R.L. W.L.

R.L.

W.L.

R.L. W.L. R.L. W.L. R.L.

W.L. R.L.

THE CLOUDS, 910-935

And a vulgar buffoon ! What! Lilies from you ? And a parricide too ! "Tis with gold (you don’t know it) you sprinkle my head, O gold is it now ? but it used to be lead ! But now it’s a grace and a glory instead. You're a little too bold. You're a good deal too old. "Tis through you I well know not a stripling will go To attend tothe rules whichare taughtin the Schools; But Athens one day shall be up to the fools. How squalid your dress ! Yours is fine, I confess. Yet of old, I declare, but a pauper you were ; And passed yourself off, our compassion to draw As a Telephus, (Euripidéan) Well pleased from a beggarly wallet to gnaw ‘At inanities Pandeletéan.*

- Ome! for the wisdom you’ve mentioned in jest ! . Ome! for the folly of you, and the rest

Who you to destroy their children employ !

. Him you never shall teach : you are quite out of date. . If not, he'll be lost, as he’ll find to his cost :

‘Taught nothing by you but to chatter and prate.

. He raves, as you see : let him be, let him be. ‘ hess him if you dare ! I bid you beware.

orbear, forbear to wrangle and scold ! Each of you show You what you taught their fathers of old,

* Telephus in Euripides was introduced as a beggar and so carries a wallet, but here instead of scraps of food he is supposed to have in it sayings which Euripides stole from the scoundrel Pandeletus (cvxogdvrns hv kal didbdcxos Schol.).

349

Al. AA. XO. AA.

xo.

Al.

350

ARISTOPHANES >

av TE TV KAW / ov Ba > tA ~ maidevow, Omws av aKovoas of@v avriAeyovtow Kpivas pourd. dpav tar’ elérw. ” > 227 Kkaywy eOérda, dépe 51) morepos Acker mpdrepos; 940 TovTw dwow" Kar éx TovTwv av av A€éy pnuariovw Kawots adrov Kat Suavoias Katatogevow. A lal > n > tA TO TeAevtaiov 8’, Hv avaypvln, A /, A \ > 4 TO Tpdcwnov dav Kat THPVaAUd 945 Kevrovpevos WoTep bm avOpnvav bro TOV yvwpav azodeirat. ~ / ‘ 4 a / vov SeiEerov Th Tictvw Tots trepid<eEiovor [oTp. Adyouat Kal dpovrict Kal yowporuvrots pepipvais, Aéyewv dpelvwv TOTEpos PavyjceTaL. vov yap amas evOade Kivduvos avetrau codias, 955 fis mépu Tots euois pidous early ayav péyLoTos. > >. 3 A A la yv aA GAN’ & moAdois Tods mpeoButépovs HOeor xpyoTots otehavwoas, tan \ , \ \ ~ , pifov dwviy Frwe xalpes, Kal Tv cavTod vow elmé. 960 Ad / A > / 8 / e 8 /, é£w Toivuv tiv apxaiay maidelav, ws dueKetTo, -. 2 4, br éyd Ta Sixara Aéywv HvOovv Kat cwdpoovvy

VEVOMLOTO. ‘

mp@rov pev eder mradds dwviy ypvéavros pndev’ aKovoa*

elra Badilew év tatow dois edrdxtws eis KiOa- ptorod

A 7 A > / > 7

Tovs Kwprras yupvods GOpdous, Kel Kpysvwdn

Katavipot. 965

THE CLOUDS, 936-965

You let us know Your system untried, that hearing each side From the lips of the Rivals the youth may decide To which of your schools he will go. R.L, This then will I do. W.L. And so will I too. cu. And who will put in his claim to begin ? w.L. If he wishes, he may : I kindly give way : And out of his argument quickly will I Draw facts and devices to fledge the reply Wherewith I will shoot him and smite and refute him. And at last if a word from his mouth shall be heard My sayings like fierce savage hornets shall pierce His forehead and eyes, Till in fear and distraction he yields and he—dies ! cH. With thoughts and words and maxims pondered well Now then in confidence let both begin : Try which his rival can in speech excel : Try which this perilous wordy war can win, Which all my votaries’ hopes are fondly centred in. O Thou who wert born our sires to adorn with characters blameless and fair, Say on what you please, say on and to these your glorious Nature declare. R.L. To hear then prepare of the Discipline rare which flourished in Athens of yore When Honour and Truth were in fashion with youth and Sobriety bloomed on our shore ; First of all the old rule was preserved in our school that ‘‘ boys should be seen and not heard :” And then to the home of the Harpist would come decorous in action and word All the lads of one town, though the snow peppered down, in spite of all wind and all weather :

351

ARISTOPHANES

: A Om 4 A, clr’ ad mpopabety Gop’ édidacKker, TH pnpw® pa Evvéxovras, / ~ “ TladAdda mepaéroAw Sewav,” 4 “ TydAémopov te Bdapa,”’ > / \ ¢ , a c / ‘5 evrewapevous Ti appoviav, Hv ot marépes TapeowKay.

a

ei 8€ Tis adT Ov Bwpodroyevoait’ 7) Kapriperev TWA KapTHY,

olas of viv tas Kata Dpivw tatras tas SdvoKodo- Kdpmrovs, 9

ererpiBeTo TuTTOpEVoSs TOAAdSs ws Tas Movoas adavilwv.

> , A / A A ”

év mravdoTrpiBov dé Kabilovras tov pnpov det mpo- Badéobar

tovs matdas, Omws Tots CEwhev pndev SelEerav amnves*

cir’ ad madAw adOis dviordpevov ovpibhoa, Kal mpo- voetobar 9

” a > a a 4 \ f

eldwrov Totow epacratow ths nBys pa) Karadeirew.

2 / a2.°% 2 A > \ a ee r tae

HArcibaro 8 dv todudadrod oddels mats bréveplev Tor av, Wore

n > / , \ ~ / p Ree!

Tots aidolovor Spdcos Kat yvobs oavep pjAovow emia

ovd” av preeneeiy pupacdpevos THv pwvijy mpos Tov epaoriy

adrtos €avTov tmpoaywyetwv Tots op0adpois eBadilev, 9

ovd’ av €rAdobar Seurvoivr’ e&qv KepdAavov Ths padavidos,

99> »” ~ , ¢ /, “9Qd /

ovd’ avyvyfov trav mpecButépwv apmdlew obde céAwov,

ovd diodayeiv, oddé ignivery otd loyew Tw 706d" evarrdé.

* évrewapévous 7. d., “ strenuously raising the air or tune.” The phrase “ involves the idea of stretching out so as to keep the

352

THE CLOUDS, 966-983

And they sang an old song as they paced it along, not shambling with thighs glued together : “O the dread shout of War how it peals from afar,” or “ Pallas the Stormer adore,” To some manly old air all simple and bare ¢ which their fathers had chanted before. And should anyone dare the tune to impair and with intricate twistings to fill, Such as Phrynis is fain, and his long-winded train, perversely to quaver and trill, Hany stripes would he feel in return for his zeal,

as to genuine Music a foe,

And every one’s thigh was forward and high

a

as they sat to be drilled in a row, So that nothing the while indecent or vile the eye of a stranger might meet ; And then with their hand they would smooth downthe sand whenever they rose from their seat, To leave not a trace of themselves in the place for a vigilant lover to view, They never would soil their persons with oil but were inartificial and true. Nor tempered their throat to a soft mincing note and sighs to their lovers addressed :

‘ N or laid themselves out, as they strutted about,

to the wanton desires of the rest:

F Nor would anyone dare such stimulant fare

as the head of the radish to wish : Nor to make over bold with the food of the old, the anise, and parsley, and fish : Nor dainties to quaff, nor giggle and laugh, nor foot within foot to enfold. line straight and tight 5 the very reverse of kdyarrew kaymjy in the next line” VOL. I 2A 353

ARISTOPHANES

> al ‘ / \ / >. fh AA. apxaid ye Kat AvroAwdn Kat TeTTLywv avapeoTa, kat Knxeldov kai Bovdoviwr.

> > > ok ee ae A > aA Al. GAN’ otv tabr’ é€oTw éxeiva, 9

> 3 Ld / ¢ A /

e€ dv avdpas Mapabwvoudxous jpn maidevots eOperbev.

A \ A “~ 2M > e / /

ad dé rovs viv edOds ev ipariovsr diuddoKels evreTvAlyx Bau:

7 > > “d > Ld > a , @ate wp amdayxeod’, drav dpxetobat Lavabynvaiots d€ov avrovs \ > , a a , > a lod Thy aomida THs KwAAs mpoexwv apedAf TIS Tpwroyeveias. mpos Tabr’, @ werpaxiov, Oappadv ene Tov KpeirTw Adyov aipod: 9 KamLoTHoet puoelv ayopav Kal Badaveiwy améexeoOat Kal tots alaxpots aicytvecbar, Kav oKwTTYH Tis GE, préyecbat: ‘ ~ / a / ¢ , Kal tav OdKwv Ttois mpecBurépois bravioracbat mpoatovow, kal p1 mept todvs ocavTod yoveas oKatoupyeiv, aAAo Te pndev ees a A > aicxpov mrovetv, ote THS Aidobds pedAets Tayadp 7 avamAarrew* 9 §’ > > ‘5 Bee 4 o \ \ pnd’ els opxnotpidos eiodrrew, wa jaa) mpos TavTA KEYNHVUS, / a / > pAA@w BAnVeis tad ropvidiov, THs evKAElas dzro-

Opava fs - pnd avrevrety TO tratpt pndev, pd *lamerov Kadéoavra.

* The Auré\eca was a festival of great antiquity, at which the slaughter of a steer (Sovddma) was a distinguishing ceremony. For the rérrvyé see K. 1331. Ceceides, says the Scholiast, was dibvpduBwv ronrhs wavy dpxaios.

354

THE CLOUDS, 984-998

w.L. Faugh! thissmellsvery strong ofsome musty oldsong,* and Chirrupers mounted in gold ; And Slaughter of beasts, and old-fashioned feasts. R.L. Yet these are the precepts which taught The heroes of old to be hardy and bold, and the Men who at Marathon fought ! But now must the lad from his boyhood be clad in a Man’s all-enveloping cloak :® So that, oft as the Panathenaea returns, I feel myself ready to choke When the dancers go by with their shields to their thigh, not caring for Pallas a jot. You therefore, young man, choose me while you can; cast in with my Method your lot ; And then you shall learn the forum to spurn, and from dissolute baths to abstain, And fashions impure and shameful abjure, and scorners repel with disdain : And rise from your chair if an elder be there, and respectfully give him your place, And with love and with fear your parents revere, and shrink from the brand of Disgrace, And deep in your breast be the Image impressed of Modesty, simple and true, Nor resort any more to a dancing-girl’s door, nor glance at the harlotry crew, Lest at length by the blow of the Apple they throw ¢ from the hopes of your Manhood you fall. Nor dare to reply when your Father is nigh, nor ‘musty old Japhet ”’ to call

6 i.e. he is not hardy enough to go without it; the reverse of yupuvots 965. So too in 989 even when dancing in armour the modern youth cover up any exposed part with their shields.

¢ A regular form of love-challenge ; cf. Virg. Eel. iii. 64.

355

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ARISTOPHANES

pynoucaxioa Thy jAuciar, e& Hs eveorrorpopijOns. el Tatr’, @ pewpdxiv, meloer TovTw, VI) TOV Ardvvciov 1000 tots ‘Immoxparous vigow eiges, Kal oe Kadodor jPrvropdppay. otv Aumapds ye Kal evavbijs ev yupvactots Svatpirpers, ov oTrwptMov Kata THY ayopay tpiBoAeKtparen’, oldmep of viv, ov" éAxoprevos Tepl mpaypatiov yAwxpavTuoyes - emurplmrrov * GAN eis ’Axadijperav Katuoy bd Tats popiais amobpééer 1005 orepavwodpevos KaAdumw AevKa peta awdPpovos nAtKLTOV, piraxos olwv Kat dmpaypootvys Kat hedicns PuMoBodovons, Hpos ev pe xalpwv, omdtav mAdravos mredéa 8 Dupit 0: ay Tatra mons ayo ppalw, kal mpos ToUTOLS mpooexyns TOV voor, 1010 efeus del orHOos Aurrapor, xXpovay Aaprpav, chpous peydAous, yAarrav Boudv, Tuyny pweyaaAny, mooOny puxpdv. qv S& dep ot viv émrndevys, 1015 mp@ra pev e&es ypouay wypay, dpous puKpovs, atHOos Aerrov, yAdrrav peydAnv, muyhv puKpay,

* Lit. “sons” but viésw is to be read as doly, and the Scholiast says they were iwdes rwés kal dmaldevro. Hippocrates

356

THE CLOUDS, 999-1018

In your malice and rage that Sacred Old Age which lovingly cherished your youth. w.L. Yes, yes, my young friend, if to him you attend, by Bacchus I swear of a truth You will scarce with the sty * of Hippocrates vie, as a mammy-suck known even there ! r.L. But then you'll excel in the games you love well, all blooming, athletic and fair : Not learning to prate as your idlers debate with marvellous prickly dispute, Nor dragged into Court day by day to make sport in some small disagreeable suit : But you will below to the Academe ® go, and under the olives contend With your chaplet of reed, in a contest of speed with some excellent rival and friend : All fragrant with woodbine and peaceful content, and the leaf which the lime blossoms fling, When the plane whispers love to the elm in the grove in the beautiful season of Spring. If then you'll obey and do what I say, And follow with me the more excellent way, Your chest shall be white, your skin shall be bright, Your arms shall be tight, your tongue shall be slight, And everything else shall be proper and right. But if you pursue what men nowadays do, You will have, to begin, a cold pallid skin, Arms small and chest weak, tongue practised to speak,

is generally identified with an Athenian general who was slain in the battle of Delium.

> Three-quarters of a mile N.W. of Athens; identified later with the school of Plato.

357

ARISTOPHANES

Lond / , d KwAjnv peydAnv, pydio.a paKpov, Kal o avarice TO pev aicxpov amav Kadov nyetobat, 1020 \ \ > > / To KaAdov 8° atoxpov"

\ \ , a >A , KQL TpPOS TOUTOLS T7S VTLLAXOU

> Katanvyoovvns o avamAnjoet.

> xo. © KadXimupyov codiav KAewordryny éerackdy, [avr. ¢ ¢ / a / ~ ” ow ws 750 gov Totiar Adyows cHppov Eerreotw avOos. ~ 3 nn evdaipoves 8 Hoav ap’ ot Cadvres 67 Hs TOV TpoTepwv. mpos obv Tad’, @ KopiborpeT podaay exwv, 1036 Set ce Aéyew Te Kawov, ws eddoKiunKeY avip. ~ ld / ” a ‘ : ae Sewav 5é cou Bovrevpatwv eouxe detv pos avror,

cimep Tov avop’ brepBadrct Kal pu) yeAwT’ ddAroets. 103%

‘ 4 ” > > / ‘ / > , AA. Kal piv éywy” ervuyopny Ta omAdyxva, KateOUpouv a > / dmavta Tatr’ évavtiais yraparor ovvTapda£ar. > ‘ A id A / > > \ a > ? 4 eya yap ArTwv ev Adyos bv adro TobrT’ éxAHOnv a cal ie €v roto. dpovtiotatow, OTe mpwrTioTos emevonoa Totow vomos Kal Tats dikais Tavavril’ avre~ar. 104K ‘ ta tt: lal ”“ 3 ry ” 3 > ” / Kal todTo mAciv 7) pupiwy ear dvov oraTypwr, c ~ aipovpevov Tovs HTTovas Adyous EmetTa VUKGY.

Oar Oe 7

@ Some unknown effeminate.

358

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THE CLOUDS, 1019-1042

Special laws very long, and the symptoms all strong

Which show that your life is licentious and wrong.

And your mind he'll prepare so that foul to be fair

And fair to be foul you shall always declare ;

And you'll find yourself soon, if you listen to him,

With the filth of Antimachus ® filled to the brim!

O glorious Sage ! with loveliest Wisdom teeming ! Sweet on thy words does ancient Virtue rest ! Thrice happy they who watched thy Youth’s bright beaming ! Thou of the vaunted genius, do thy best ; This man has gained applause: His Wisdom stands confessed. And you with clever words and thoughts must needs your case adorn Else he will surely win the day, and you retreat with scorn,

w.L. Aye, say you so? why I have been

half-burst ; I do so long To overthrow his arguments with arguments more strong. I am the Lesser Logic? True: these Schoolmen call me so, Simply because I was the first of all mankind to show

How old established rules_and laws

might contradicted be :_/

And this, as you may guess, is worth a thousand pounds to me, To take the feebler cause, and yet . to win the disputation.

359

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AA.

Al. AA,

Al.

AA.

ARISTOPHANES

2\7 oxéar Sé THv Taldevow 7 TwémoWev ws eAéyEw: ° ~ lo ~ > 27 dotts oe Depud dnor Aotcba tparov ovK eaoew.

/ / / ” / \ A /, > Karo. Tiva yuwpnv exwv eyes TA Oepya. AouTpa; a“ \ OTu) KaKioTov eat. Kal Sedov mouel TOV avopa. enlayes: ed00s yap oe pécov exw AaBwv aduxTov. ~ ~ 09 «me > Kai pow dpdaov, Tv tod Avs taidwy “tiv” avdp wv ” dipiorov / yuyiv vopilers, eimé, Kal amdAeloTovs movous TOVHTAL ; b] / eya pev ovdev” “Hpaxdéous BeAriov’ dvdpa Kpww. ~ a 7, mob wuypa Sra mubmor eldes “HpdxAeva Aovtpa; / / > / Ko Kaitou Tis avdpelorepos Hv; Tabr éott Tadr exeiva, a ~ a& T&v veavioxwy del du’ Hyepas AaAovvTwv aAfjpes TO BaAaveiov rroe?, kevas Sé Tas waAaloTpas. > > > lad ~ clr’ ev ayopd tiv dSiatpipiy péyes, eyo 8 erawa. > ‘ et yap movnpov jv, “Opnpos ovdémor av emote ‘\ / > tov Neéorop’ ayopntiv dv ovdé tods saodods amavras. + ~ > ~ ~ aver Sir’ evred0ev eis tiv yAOrrav, Hv ddl prev

4 lad ~ ov dor xphvat Tods véous doxeiv, ey dé dpi.

* “Athena made warm baths spring at Thermopylae for Heracles when very weary”: Schol. > He is \vyds IvNwv dyopnrhs, Il. i. 248, iv. 298.

360

10

R.L.

W.L.

THE CLOUDS, 1043-1059

And mark me now, how I'l! confute his boasted Education ! You said that always from warm baths the stripling must abstain : Why must he? on what grounds do you of these warm baths complain ? Why, it’s the worst thing possible, it quite unstrings a man.

LL. Hold there: I’ve got you round the waist :

escape me if you can. And first : of all the sons of Zeus which think you was the best ? Which was the manliest ? which endured more toils than all the rest ? Well, I suppose that Heracles was bravest and most bold.

. And are the baths of Heracles

so wonderfully cold ? 4 Aha! you blame warm baths, I think. This, this is what they say : This is the stuff our precious youths are chattering all the day ! This is what makes them haunt the baths, and shun the manlier Games ! Well then, we'll take the Forum next : I praise it, and he blames. But if it was so bad, do you think old Homer would have made Nestor ® and all his worthies ply a real forensic trade ? Well : then he says a stripling’s tongue should always idle be : I say it should be used of course : so there we disagree,

361

ARISTOPHANES Kat awdhpoveiv ad dyot xyphvas: Svo Kaka pmeyloTa. érret ov dua TO wdpoveiv TH mebTroT cides HOH

ayabdv ti yevopevov, dpdcov, Kal p eێdeyEcv

elmwv. Al. moAdois. 6 yodv IInAeds eAaBe 81a todto Thy pdxaupav.

/, > al /, ow ec / AA. pdaxaipav; aoretov ye Képdos eAaBev 6 kakodaipwr. *YépBodos 8 otk Tra&v Adyvwv mAciv 7 TdAavTA ToAAa elAnde Sia trovnpiav, GAN’ od pa A’ od pdxaipar. Al. Kal THY Oerw y’ éynpe Sia TO awdpovetv 6 I nAcds. p> 3 a / > : aoe | ” > ) ‘ ¢ p AA. Ka7’ arrolimoted y abrov myer’ * od yap hv bBpotns

29> ¢ \ > an / A , / ovd 7dds ev Tots OTPHpacw THY VUKTA TavVUxilew*

1060

1065

yuv7) 5é owapwpouperyn xaiper* od 8° ef Kpovurr7os. 1070

3 / > / > ~ a Ad oxeyar yap, @ peupaKiov, ev TH owdpovelv aravTa. Ld ¢ ~ > @ / > cal dveotw, jdovav 0 dowv péAdAets arroorepetabat, maldwy, yuvaik@v, KoTTrdBwv, owv, moTwY, Kt-

xAvopav.

/ , ~ ” U4 4 onl Kaitou Ti cou Civ a€vov, TovTwy eav otepnOfs;

6 7 elev. mdpeyn’ evrebbev és Tas THs PUoews avaykKas. ? yee re rea , Cs he npaptes, npdaOys, euoixevads tr, Kat €AndOns- amdAwAas* advvaros yap ef A€éyew. ewol 8° opiAdv,

* Given to him by the gods when made an outcast because of his rejecting the advances of the wife of Acastus ; ¢f. Hor. Od. iii. 7. 17. .

862

1075

R.L.

R.L.

THE CLOUDS, 1060-1077

And next he says you must be chaste.

A most preposterous plan !

Come, tell me did you ever know one single blessed man

Gain the least good by chastity ? come, prove I’m wrong: make haste.

Yes, many, many! Peleus gained a sword * by being chaste.

. A sword indeed! a wondrous meed

the unlucky fool obtained. Hyperbolus the Lamp-maker hath many a talent gained By knavish tricks which I have taught : but not a sword, no, no! Then Peleus did to his chaste life the bed of Thetis owe.

. And then she cut and ran away !

for nothing so engages A woman’s heart as forward warmth, old shred of those dark Ages ! For take this chastity, young man : sift it inside and out: Count all the pleasures, all the joys, it bids you live without : No kind of dames, no kind of games, no laughing, feasting, drinking,— Why, life itself is little worth without these joys, I’m thinking. Well, I must notice now the wants by Nature’s self implanted 5) You love, seduce, you can’t help that, you're caught, convicted. Granted. You're done for ; you can’t say one word : while if you follow me

363

A

—

AA. Al. AA. Al. AA.

Al. AA.

Al. AA.

Al. “AA.

Al. AA.

ARISTOPHANES

~ a , ‘4 £r /, be > / xXp@ tH pdoes, oxipra, yeAa, vopule undev aioypov. > a ‘ powxos yap av Tvxns dAovs, Tad’ avTEpeis mpds avrov, > ~ ws oddev HdiKnKas: eit’ eis Tov A’ émaveveyxeiv, 10 a ‘ KaKeivos Ws ATTwY Epwrds éoTL Kal yuvatK@v: a ~ a 5) y kairo. od Ovnros av Oeod mas peilov av Stivaio; TiS’ Hv padavidwOH miOdpevos aor Téppa te TAOH; e€er TWA yrwopnv A€éyew, TO pw) edpUpwKTos elvar; nv & ebpvmpwxtos H, Ti meloerar KaKov; 10: a 4 / Ti ev odv ay ere petlov mabor todtov more; tt d4r’ pets, jv Todro viKnOfs euod; /, , > » ovynoopar. tid dddro; / déepe 5% por dpdoovs ouvyyopotow éK tivwr; e€ evpuTpmktwv. mreiOopa. 10! , 7 PR A a / ti Sat; tpaywdoto’ ex tivwr; e€ edpuTpwKtTwvr. = , ed Aé€yeis. “~ > Snunyopotar § ex rivwv; e€ evpuTpwKrwv. g a> dpa dir eyvwkas ws ovdev Evers; 10! Kal tTdv Ocar&v dmdrepoe mAclous oxkdrret. Kal 67) oxoTa@. ’ af)? c¢ A ti 870° opas;

* Punishments of those taken in adultery: pagdavidas ap- Bdvovres xablecay els rods mpwxrods abrdv, Kal maparidXovres avrovs réppay Oeppiv éréraccov: Schol.

364

R.L,

W.L. R.L. W.L. R.L. W.L.

R.L. W.L. R.L. W.L.

R.L. W.L.

R.L, W.L.

THE CLOUDS, 1078-1098

Indulge your genius, laugh and quaff, hold nothing base to be. Why if you’re in adultery caught, your pleas will still be ample : You’ve done no wrong, you'll say, and then bring Zeus as your example. He fell before the wondrous powers by Love and Beauty wielded : And how can you, the Mortal, stand, where He, the Immortal, yielded ? Aye, but suppose in spite of all, he must be wedged and sanded.* Won’t he be probed, or else can you _ prevent it? now be candid. And what’s the damage if it should be so? What greater damage can the young man know ? What will you do, if this dispute I win? I'll be for ever silent. Good, begin. The Counsellor : from whence comes he ? From probed adulterers. - T agree. The Tragic Poets : whence are they ? From probed adulterers. So I say. The Orators : what class of men ? All probed adulterers. Right again. You feel your error, I’ll engage, But look once more around the stage, Survey the audience, which they be, Probed or not Probed. I see, I see. Well, give your verdict.

365

ARISTOPHANES

\ Xr / \ ‘ 0 , Al. moAd mAeiovas, v7 Tovs Deovs, A TOUS eUpumpaKrovs * TouTOVL yoov 0t5” eye KaKELWOVt

Kal TOV Kopyryy TOUTOVL. 11 AA. ti Onr’ €pels ; Al. rrp , & Kwovpevot,

mpos Tov Jedv SéEacbe pov Boipdriov, ws

? ~ A e ~ e€avTomoA@® mpos vpas.

zo. Ti Ora; TOTEpO Tobrov amayeo0ar AaBay 11 BovAew Tov vidv, 7 Siddonw cot Aéyew ; 3T. didacxe Kal Kohace, | Kal penne oTws ed joot oTopea«ls avrov, emt peev Odrepa olay Sucrdéous, TV 5 €Tépav avrod yvdbov oTopwoov olay és Ta peilw mpaypara. “u 30. duehec, Kopel ToOTOV ooguoriy deEvov. | 3T. Wxpov pev odv eywye Kal KaKodaipova.

WwW

xo. Xwpeiré vuv. ofuau d€ cou tabra perapedijoew, TOUS Kpuras & KEepdavodow, Hv TL Tovde Tov xopov 11 dpeddo" ex Tov Sucaiev, BovAdcuecd” tpets dpacar. mpara pev yap, jv vedy BovAnc® ev wpa Ttovds

dypous,

Joopev mpdrowow vpiv, Toto d° dddous & vorepov. elra TOV | Kapmov Te Kal Tas dyumréAous puddfomev, wore pay? adxpov meCew pyr dyav emopBpiay. lt qv & atysdon tis Huds Ovntds dv ovoas Oeds,

* The two Logics go out, and enter Socrates from the Phrontis- terium and Strepsiades from his own house to see how his son's education has been progressing. During the interval of the Chorus (1114-1130) that education is supposed to be completing.

366

R.L.

W.L. R.L.

so.

+ (8.

so. sr.

CH.

THE CLOUDS, 1098-1121

It must go

For probed adulterers : him I know, And him, and him : the Probed are most. How stand we then?

I own, I’ve lost. O Cinaeds, Cinaeds, take my robe ! Your words have won, to you I run To live and die with glorious Probe ! 4

Well, what do you want ? to take away your son At once, or shall I teach him how to speak ? Teach him, and flog him, and be sure you well Sharpen his mother wit, grind the one edge

Fit for my little law-suits, and the other,

Why, make that serve for more important matters. Oh, never fear! He’ll make a splendid sophist. Well, well, I hope he’ll be a poor pale. rascal.

Go: but in us the thought is strong, you will repent of this ere long. Now we wish to tell the Judges all the blessings they shall gain If, as Justice plainly warrants, we the worthy prize obtain. First, whenever in the Season ye would fain your fields renew, All the world shall wait expectant till we’ve poured our rain on you: Then of all your crops and vineyards we will take the utmost care So that neither drought oppress them, nor the heavy rain impair. But if anyone amongst you dare to treat our claims with scorn,

367

ARISTOPHANES

mMpooEexerw TOV voov, Tpos HAV ola meloeTaL KAKA, AapBdvev ob’ olvov ovr’ GAN oddev €x TOD Xxwpiov. vik’ dv yap alr’ éAdar BAacrdvwo’ ai 7’ apredot, droKekdyovrat* TovavTas ofevddvais TaLjcopev.

iw 8 mAwOedvovr’ Wwpev, Boowev Kal Tod Téyous Tov Képajov adtod yxaddlais otpoyyvAas ovv-

“ Tpixioper > A *” ~ “~ ”“ ~ a

Kav yap ror’ adbros 7) Tov Evyyevav 7 TOV pirwv, doowev THY vUKTA Tacav: wot’ tows Bovdjoerat kav ev Aiytarw toxeiv dv paGAdov 7 Kpivar KaKds.

\ 4 , ST. wéumrn, TeTpds, TpiTn, peta Tadrnv SevTEepa, cil” iv eyd padcoTra Tacdv jpepav

/ ‘ , ‘ a dé5orxa Kal wéppixa Kal BdeAvTTopat, ev0ds peta tavrnv eof evn Te Kal véa.

lod / mas ydp tis dpvvo’, ols ddeitAwy Tvyxava,

, Pepe a /, > ~ eis prow mputave?’ amodciv pé dyno Ka€odrev, €uod peérpe arta Kal dixau’ airovjpévov* ke Py / ‘ / \ ‘ x /

® Sayovie, TO pev te vuvi pn AaBys,

To 8 dvaBadobd pou, ro 8° ddes,’ ov paciv Tote ottws amoAnpbec®’, adAa Aodopotot pe

€ ” / > ‘ / / /

Ws adios eiut, Kal SuKdocobai Pact pot. ~ > / x\7 4 / vov obv dixalécbwv: odiyov yap pou pede, ” / > , /

elrep peudbnkev ed A€yew Dewdurmidns.

@ i.e. from the end of the month, when interest became due.

» “When the Greek year was lunar, the months were alter- nately thirty and twenty-nine days each, so that the new Moon (the moon’s orbit being 29} days) always fell on the last day of the month. Hence that day was called the Old-and-New, because at the beginning of the day the moon was still on the wane, but before the close had begun to wax again”: R.

368

1128

113¢

a ne a ce

ST.

THE CLOUDS, 1122-1143

.Mortal he, the Clouds immortal,

better had he ne’er been born ! He from his estates shall gather - neither corn, nor oil, nor wine, For whenever blossoms sparkle on the olive or the vine They shall all at once be blighted : we will ply our slings so true. And if ever we behold him building up his mansions new, With our tight and nipping hailstones we will all his tiles destroy. But if he, his friends or kinsfolk, would a marriage-feast enjoy, All night long we'll pour in torrents : so perchance he’ll rather pray To endure the drought of Egypt, than decide amiss to-day !

The fifth,? the fourth, the third, and then the second, And then that day which more than all the rest

I loathe and shrink from and abominate,

Then comes at once that hateful Old-and-New day.® And every single blessed dun has sworn

He'll stake his gage, and ruin and destroy me.

And when I make a modest small request,

“O my good friend, part don’t exact at present, And part defer, and part remit,” they swear

So they shall never touch it, and abuse me

As a rank swindler, threatening me with actions. Now let them bring their actions! Who’s afraid ? Not I: if these have taught my son to speak.

¢ The sum deposited with the mpurdves before commencing

an action.

VOL. I 2B 369

ARISTOPHANES

/, taxa & eloopar Kdysas TO ppovTioTypiov. mat, Hut, mat tat.

30. Urpexpuddnv aomdlopar. »” , > > 4 \ ~ / xT. Kdywyé o. GaAAa routovi mpa@rov AaBeé- xp7) yap emBavyalew tui Tov SidacKadov. KaL pou TOV vioV, Et weu~adOynKe TOV Adyov exeivov, eld’, dv aptiws eionyayes. xo. pewdOynKev. > > > ir > 7A 5X: -) 1 «0 y, ® tapBaoirer *AzraioAn. i > > / “a iid Fie 4, / xo. wor’ amodtyous av jvrw’ av BovAn dixnv. ST. Kel pdptupes Taphaay, or” edaverloump ; x0. ToAXGs ye paMov, Kay _TapGor xirvor. 3T. “ Bodoopat Tapa Tav vmépTovov Body.” id, KAder? HBodroorarar, avTot Te Kal Tapxyaia Kal TOKOL TOKWY* ovdev yap av pe ddradpov épydoaici’ ert olos epol TpEepeTau toto) evi Sdpaou mais, apdyKer yrAdrrn Adpumreov, mpoBoros € eH0S, cwrnp dSdpots, exOpots BAdBn, \voavias Tar pasa peydAwy Kandy 6v KdAeoov tTpéxwv evdobev ws eye. ts > , > a ” > ” @® Téxvov, @ Tat, €€eA@’ otkwv, aie’’ god matpés. YQ2 F A ety F 32. 05° é€xeivos avnp. aT. @ didros, & didros. 20. dmb AaBav tov vidv. aT. iw id réxvov. id) tod tod. ¢ M4 , a A ‘ 9) 7 ws 7ydoual cov mpOra thv xpovdy iddv. * From the Satyrs of Phrynichus; Schol. 370

nba To nt

11.

11

ll

1]

11

THE CLOUDS, 1144-1171

But hére’s the door : I’ll knock and soon find out, Boy ! Ho there, boy ! so. I clasp Strepsiades. . st. And I clasp you: but take this meal-bag first. "Tis meet and right to glorify one’s Tutors. But tell me, tell me, has my son yet learnt That Second Logic which he saw just now ? so. He hath. sT. Hurrah! great Sovereign Knavery ! so. You may escape whatever suit you please. st. What, if I borrowed before witnesses ? so. Before a thousand, and the more the merrier. st. “ Then shall my song be loud and deep.” @ Weep, obol-weighers, weep, weep, weep, Ye, and your principals, and compound interests, For ye shall never pester me again. Such a son have I bred, ; (He is within this door), Born to inspire my foemen with dread, Born his old father’s house to restore : Keen and polished of tongue is he, He my Champion and Guard shall be, He will set his old father free, Run you, and call him forth to me. “O my child! O my sweet ! come out, I entreat ; "Tis the voice ’’® of your sire. so. Here’s the man you require. st. Joy, joy of my heart ! so. Take your son and depart. st. O come, O come, my son, my son, O dear! O dear !

O joy, to see your beautiful complexion! .

» A parody of Eur. Hec. 172, where Hecuba calls Polyxena from her tent.

371

PEI.

372

ARISTOPHANES

viv pev y’ ideiv ef mp@rov eEapyvntucos KavTiroyiKds, Kal ToOTO TodmLywpLoV arexv@s emavbe?, To Ti A€yets OV; Kal SoKeiy ; adixobdvr’ adixetobar Kal KakoupyobvT oid ott. 117 emt Tob mpoowmov 7 eorw *Arrixov Bréros. vov obv OTws awoeis p’, eel KamwAecas. poPet dé 51) Ti;

THY evnv Te Kal véav. evn yap €oTt Kal véa Tus Tepe; els HV ye Ojnoew TO. mpuraveid. pact pio. 118 amrodota’ dp’ av’ ot Oévres: od yap eof onus pi jpépa yevour’ av nuépar dvo. ovK av yévolTo;

m&s yap; ei pa mép Y apa, avr) yevour” av ypads Te Kal véa yun. Kal pv vevdopwoTal y’. od ydp, olwat, Tov vopor 118 tcacw opbds 6 rt voel. voet S€ Tt; 6 Lodwy 6 tradaos Hv PAodnpos THY pvow. Tourl pev oddev Tw mos evyv TE kat véav. exeivos ody THY KAjjow eis OV TLépas eOnkev, eis ye TV evnv TE Kal véav, 119 wy” ai Oéceus yiyvowro Th vovpnvia. iva 87) Ti mt evyv mpooeOnkev; vid D pére, Tapovres ot ‘ dedbpobets TEP pod Tporepov amadAdrrow? éxdvTes, ei dé py, ewbev drravi@vro Th voupnvid. 11 mas ov Séxovran dia. TH voupnvld. | apxat Ta mputave?’, GAN evn re Kal veg;

a ae

PH.

ST.

PRs ST. PH.

ST.

PH.

ST. PH.

ST.

PH,

ST.

PH.

ST. PH.

8ST.

THE CLOUDS, 1172-1198

Aye now you have an aspect Negative And Disputative, and our native query Shines forth there “ What d’ye say?” You've the true face Which rogues put on, of injured innocence.. You have the regular Attic look about you. So now, you save me, for ’twas you undid me. What is it ails you? Why the Old-and-New day. And is there such a day as Old-and-New ? Yes: that’s the day they mean to stake their gages. They'll lose them if they stake them. What! do you think That one day can be two days, both together ? Why, can’t it be so? Surely not ; or else A woman might at once be old and young. Still, the law says so. True : but I believe They don’t quite understand it. . You explain it. Old Solon had a democratic turn. Well, but that’s nothing to the Old-and-New. Hence then he fixed that summonses be issued For these two days, the old one and the new one, So that the gage be staked on the New-month. What made him add “ the old” then? I will tell you. He wished the litigants to meet on that day And compromise their quarrels : if they could not, Then let them fight it out on the New-month. Why then do Magistrates receive the stakes On the Old-and-New instead of the New-month ?

373

ARISTOPHANES

El. Orrep ot mporevOar yap Soxobat fou trovety* w wes Taxvora TO mputavet’ _dpedotaro, bud TobTo mpovTevOevoay HLEpa pd. | 12 3T. ed vf ,@ Kaxodaipoves, Ti Kanal? aBéXrepor, HEeTEpa Képdn TOV codd@v, dvres ALGor, dpr.ds, mpoBar’ : dAAws dypopijs vevnopEvor; wor’ eis epavrov Kal TOV vlov TOUTOVL en edtuxiaiow doréov povyKdpuov. 12 paxap @ Urperbiades, airés Tt édus ws aodds, xolov Tov viov tpéders, djoovot by p’ ot didor xot Snpdrac 12 EnAobrres quik’ av od viKas Aéyov Tas dikas. GAN ciodywv oe BovAopar mp@rov éortdcar. MAZIAS. €b7” dv8pa t&v avTod TL xpr mpotevar ; ovdémoTé y’, aAda Kpetrrov i edOds TOTE dmepvb praca paddAov 7; Hy oxelv Tpdypara., 12) ote THY EuavTod y’ Evera vuvi xpnuadtwv eAkw oe KAnredoovra, Kal yevioomat expos € ETL ™mpos Tovrovow avdpt Snuorn. arap ovdémoTé ye Tiv Tmatpida KaTaoxyuvae

Cav, adAa Kadoduar Urpeypuddyv. «1s 3T. tis ovToal; TIA. €s THY Evnv TE Kal véav, 2T. HapTvpopar,

ore es OU’ elev TpEpas.. Too XpnwATOS ; nA. TOv dwdexa pvdv, as eaBes wvodpevos

Tov wapov Uno. | ST. immov; ovK aKoveTE, \s “ / € tal ” “A > ¢ tA

ov mavrTes vpels tore ucobvO” immuKnp. 128 ~@ Apparently persons appointed to taste the viands to be 374

THE CLOUDS, 1199-1226

pu, Well, I believe they act like the Foretasters.¢ They wish to bag the gage as soon as possible, And thus they gain a whole day’s foretaste of it. st. Aha! poor dupes, why sit ye mooning there, Game for us Artful Dodgers, you dull stones, You ciphers, lambkins, butts piled up together ! Oh ! my success inspires me, and I'll sing Glad eulogies on me and thee, my son. ““ Man, most blessed, most divine, What a wondrous wit ts thine, What a son to grace thy line,” Friends and neighbours day by day Thus will say, When with envious eyes my suits they see you win: But first I'll feast you, so come in, my son, come in.

pastas.” What! must a man lose*his own property ! No: never, never. Better have refused With a bold face, than be so plagued as this. See ! to get paid my own just debts, I’m forced To drag you to bear witness, and what’s worse I needs must quarrel with my townsman here. Well, I won’t shame my country, while I live, I'll go to law, I'll summon him.

ST. Hallo ! pa. To the next Old-and-New. ST. Bear witness, all !

He named two days. You’llsummon me ; what for? pa. The fifty pounds I lent you when you bought

That iron-grey. ST. Just listen to the fellow !

The whole world knows that I detest all horses. served at a public banquet, to see that everything was well cooked and wholesome.

>» Enter Pasias, the creditor mentioned 1. 21. 375

TIA. Kal vn Av’ dmrodcicew y emapvus tovs Beods. sr. pa tov Ai’: od yap mw ToT e&ntiorato Dedurmidys pou TOV dca dBAnrov Adyov. mA. vov d€ dua Tobr eEapvos etvar Siavoel; , ‘ a > an > 4, lot / st. Tl yap aAd’ av arodatoayu tod wabyparos ; mA. Kal tadr’ eBeArjcers atopocat por Tovs Deovs; sT. motous Deouvs; ma. tov Ala, tov ‘“Epufv, tov Iloceda. ar. vy Aia, Kav mpookarabetny y , WoT dudcat, tprwBodrov. IA. dzrdAowo Tolvuv eve’ avaidelas ETL. c \ \ ” a. ¢ / st. dAdo diacpnxGels var’ av ovdTodt. TA. ol ws KatayeAds. 3T. ef xoas ywpiyoerar. ” A A / \ / \ \ A TIA. ov Tor pa Tov Alia Tov péyav Kal tods Oeods €uod Karampoiker. , a cal 2. Bavpaciws jobnv Oeois, \ \ / > /, ~ 7 Kal Leds yeAovos opvipevos Tots eiddow. TIA. 4 ny ov ToUTWY TO xpovy Swoeus, Sun. > GAN ir” dmoddaeus fool TA xpHpar elTe pn, ‘ dmromreprpov amoxpwdpevos. 2T. exe vuv Hovxos. eye yap avrix’ amoxpwobpal cou cadds. TIA. Ti cou Soxel Spdoew; MAPTY. dmoducew got doxe?. 3T. 700 "0 otros amrait@y pe Tapytpiov; Aéye, rouTl Ti €oTL; TIA. Tooe 6 Tt éori; Kdpdorros. 3T. erreur’ damraureis Tapyvprov ToLobTos WV;

876

ARISTOPHANES

ovK av arrodoinv o¥d av oBoddv ovdevi, Gotis KaAdceve Kapdomrov THY KapddomTyHY.

12

12

12

12

12

THE CLOUDS, 1227-1251

pa. I swear you swore by all the Gods to pay me. st. Well, now I swear I won’t : Pheidippides Has learnt since then the unanswerable Logic. pa. And will you therefore shirk my just demand ? st. Of course I will: else why should he have learnt it ? pa. And will you dare forswear it by the Gods? st. The Gods indeed! What Gods ? pa. Poseidon, Hermes, Zeus. ST. By Zeus I would, Though I gave twopence halfpenny for the privilege. pa. O then confound you for a shameless rogue ! st. Hallo! this butt should be rubbed down with salt.¢ pa. Zounds! you deride me ! ST. Why ’twill hold four gallons. Pa. You ’scape me not, by Mighty Zeus, and all The Gods ! ST. I wonderfully like the Gods ; An oath by Zeus is sport to knowing ones. pa. Sooner or later you'll repent of this. Come do you mean to pay your debts or don’t you? Tell me, and I’ll be off. ST. Now do have patience ; I'll give you a clear answer in one moment. pa. What do you think he'll do? WITNESS. I think he’ll pay you. st. Where is that horrid dun? O here: now tell me What you call this. PA. What I call that ? a trough. st. Heavens! what a fool: and do you want your money?

@ Pasias is apparently “a tun of a man’

I’d never pay one penny to a fellow Who calls my troughess, trough. So there’s your answer.

> and wine-skins

(aoxol) were thus treated.

377

TIA. ST.

ARISTOPHANES

> ” 9 > y ovK ap amodwaets; ” ° Pa > 27 ovx, daov ye mp €ldevar. ovKovy avtoas Tt Oarrov amodrapytets a / amo THs Ovpas; A \ a > WH > oe amet, Kal TodrT tof’, ort / ~> a" /, / > / Ojow mputavel’, 7 pnKére Canv eyo. 125¢ lal * 9 > \ ‘ val Py 55 mpocatropadets ap’ attra mpos Tats dwWdeKa. ~ > a Kaitot oe TodTO y’ odyl BovAopwat trabeiv, Orin) “KdAcoas ebnOiKds tiv Kdpdorov.

AMYNIAS. (a pol pLov.

=T.

AM.

airs AM.

ST. AM.

~ , éa. tis odroat mot go 6 Opnvav; ov Ti mov 126 ~ , / > / Tt&v Kapkivov tis Saydvwv epbéyéato; / a» @& > / ~ 7, > 97 ti 8° doris citi, tobro BovrAco” cidévar; avip KaKooaimev. KATA GEavToV vu TpETOv. cc \ ~ > 4 / & akAnpe Saipov, & Tuya Opavodvtvyes i > ~ »> 6¢ £ ov > > / ” immwv eua@v- ® IladAds, ds pw’ amoddAeoas.”’ 126: / / / /, > ” /, ti dat oe TAnmddeuds mor’ eipyaora: KaKov; ~ > ~ py oK@nré p’, @ Tav, adAd pou TA xpHpara Tov viov amodobvar KéAevoov aAafev, d\Aws Te pévTor Kal KaK@s Trempayore. Ta Toia Tatra xphual” ; ¢ adaveicaro. 127 ~ PD «hi @ > > \ “~ Kak@s ap ovtTws elyes, ws y’ euot Sdoxets. @ > 4, 9-7 A \ , immous €edAatvwn e&érrecov vi) Tods Beodvs. ti Ofra Anpets Bomep am dvov KaTamTeEowy ; Anp®, TO. Xeipwar’ drroAaPetv et Bovropaw; ovk €of drws at y adros tyaivers.

« Enter Amynias, the creditor mentioned I. 31.

THE CLOUDS, 1252-1275

pa. Then you won’t pay me?

ST. No, not if I know it. Come put your best foot forward, and be off : March off, I say, this instant !

PA. May I die If I don’t go at once and stake my gage !

st. No don’t: the fifty pounds are loss enough : And really on my word I would not wish you To lose this too just for one silly blunder.

amynias.2 Ah me! Oh! Oh! Oh!

st. Hallo! who’s that making that horrible noise ? Not one of Carcinus’s snivelling Gods ?

aM. Who cares to know what I am? what imports it ? An ill-starred man.

sT. Then keep it to yourself. am. “ O. heavy fate!” “ O Fortune, thou hast broken My chariot wheels!” “Thou hast undone me, Pallas!” ®

st. How! has Tlepolemus been at you, man ? am. Jeer me not, friend, but tell your worthy son To pay me back the money which I lent him : I’m in a bad way and the times are pressing. st. What money do you mean? AM. Why what he borrowed. st. You are in a bad way, I really think. AM. Driving my four-wheel out I fell, by Zeus. st. You rave as if you’d fall’n times out-of-mind.° aM. I rave? howso? I only claim my own. st. You can’t be quite right, surely. > “These lines are from the Licymnius of Xenocles ” (Schol.), a son of Carcinus (¢f. W. 1511). In the play Tlepolemus accident- ally kills Licymnius. , ¢ dm’ bvov ‘from a donkey ” can also be read dé vod “ out of your mind,” 379

AM. =T. AM.

=T.

AM. 3T.

AM.

T.

AM.

=T.

AM.

3T.

ARISTOPHANES

tt dat;

‘ > / ov “A , a TOV eynepadoy womep oeceiabai pou doxeis.

1278

ov de vy tov “Epufv mpooxerAjobai pot Soxets,

el p71) atrodwcets iif acl KATELTE VUV, moTEpa vopilers Kawov del tov Ata vew vOwp éxdoToT, 7) TOV %Avov EAkew Kkdtwbev TavTo Too?” tdwp madw; otk old eywy’ omdrepov, ovdE por peAct. m@s obtv amodaBeiv tapytpiov dixatos et, el undev olofa T&v peTewpwv mpayyuaTav; GAN ei omavilers Tapyuvpiov mou TOV TOKOV amddos Ye. ~ a2 et > e / / / todto 8 éa8’ 6 réKos Ti Onpiov; / > ” O° \ a \ > ¢ / ti 8 adAdo y’ 7) Kata phva Kal Kal? jwepav m€ov mAgov TapyUpiov adel yiyverat, bmoppéovtos To xpdvov; Kadds A€yeis. , a A / ” jo ae ‘ ti dAta; tiv OddAarrav éof” dru mA«Eiova vuvi vopilers 7) mpo Tod; A ed > > pa Av’, add’ tony. od yap Sixaov aAciov’ elvar.

Kdra 7s atrn pev, @ Kkaxddayiov, ovSev. yiyverat emrippedvTwy TOV ToTapa@v tAciwv, od dé Cnreis movnoar tapyvpiov mAciov TO adv; ovk amodwes cavTov amd THs oikias; depe pou TO KEVTpoV.

TavT éyd) wapT¥popar. ” / / > a > /, Umaye, Ti weAdets; odK eAds, @ capddpa; tatr ody UBpis Sir’ eotiv;

ages; emiarAe

128¢

128%

129¢

1298

AM.

ST.

AM. _ If you don’t pay my money.

ST.

AM.

ST.

AM.

ST.

AM.

ST.

AM.

ST.

AM.

ST.

AM.

ST.

THE CLOUDS, 1275-1299

Why, what mean you? I shrewdly guess your brain’s received a shake. I shrewdly guess that you'll receive a summons

Well then, tell me, Which theory do you side with, that the rain Falls fresh each time, or that the Sun draws back The same old rain, and sends it down again ? I’m very sure I neither know nor care. Not care! good heavens! And do you claim your money, So unenlightened in the Laws of Nature ? If you’re hard up then, pay me back the Interest At least. Int-er-est ? what kind of a beast is that ? What else than day by day and month by month Larger and larger still the silver grows As time sweeps by ? Finely and nobly said. What then! think you the Sea is larger now Than ’twas last year ? No surely, ’tis no larger : It is not right it should be. And do you then, Insatiable grasper ! when the Sea, Receiving all these Rivers, grows no larger, Do you desire your silver to grow larger ? Come now, you prosecute your journey off ! Here, fetch the whip. Bear witness, I appeal. Be off! what, won’t you? Gee up, sigma-brand | Isay! aclear assault! _ You won’t be off?

381

ARISTOPHANES

a \ , Kevt@v b16 TOV TpwWKTOV GE TOV GELpAapdpoV. 1306 7 > A f devyeis; €pwedAov dpa ce Kwioew eyo a a a a ‘ i adrois Tpoxots Tots cotot Kat Evvwpiow.

e A / . A de ¢ \ XO. olov TO mpayparwv épav ddatrwv: 6 yap orp.

ST.

/ 58° > 6 ‘ yepwv 60° épacbeis amoorepfaa BovAerat 130! Ta xpypal’ ddaveicaro* KovK €00” Grrws od THLEPOV Anberai Te mpayp’, 6 Tod- TOV Tone. TOV Gopia- Tv [yépovr’ | > 74 aA ” < Me. / 4 a av0’ Sv mavoupyetv hpEar’, eéaidvns Kaxov AaPetvTe. 131 > \ S24 (oad fee ¢ / hud > olfuar yap adrov adriy’ etpiocew Ozep [avr. mdAat mor émyret, - A e\ / ¢ elvat Tov viov Sewov ot yvwpas evavtias Aéyew Totow SiKalols, WOTE VL- ~ A ba an Kav dmavtas olomep av . 131 évyyévntar, kav déyyn TapToVvnp . uv > taws 8° iows Bovdrjcerar Kadwvov adrov elvat. 132

\ Son, VE Sew

iod iov.

> / \ a ‘ /

@® yelroves Kal Evyyevets Kal Snuorar, >

dpuvdberé ror tuTTomevm mdon TEXVI.

“ ~ lon / olmor KaKodaipwr Tis Kehadys Kal THs yvabov. Lo @ pape, tures TOV Tarépa;

| a * /, ; py, @ WaTep. 132 ¢ ag? ¢ ~ 6pal’ dpodroyotv®’ oti we TUTTE. Kal pdAa.

s a @ pape kal marpadoia Kal Towywpvye.

THE CLOUDS, 1300-1327

I'll stimulate you ; Zeus! I’ll goad your haunches. Aha! you run: I thought I’d stir you up You and your phaetons, and wheels, and all !

cu. What a thing it is to long for matters which are wrong ! For you see how this old man Is seeking, if he can His creditors trepan : And I confidently say That he will this very day

Such a blow Amid his prosperous cheats receive, that he will deeply deeply grieve.

For I think that he has won what he wanted for his son, And the lad has learned the way All justice to gainsay, Be it what or where it may : That he’ll trump up any tale, Right or wrong, and so prevail. This I know. Yea! and perchance the time will come when he shall wish his son were dumb.

ST. Oh! Oh! Help! Murder! Help! O neighbours, kinsfolk, townsmen, Help, one and all, against this base assault, Ah! Ah! my cheek! my head! O luckless me ! Wretch ! do you strike your father ?

PH. Yes, Papa. st. See! See! he owns he struck me. PH. To be sure.

st. Scoundrel! and parricide ! and house-breaker ! 383

El. T. PEI. > EI . ST. El. T. El. =T.

PEL. ST.

El.

“3T.

XO.

384

ARISTOPHANES

Si 3 A ~ ‘ / / ad0is we TadTa Tatra Kal mAciw Aé€ye. SS 9 > > 4 / s > > ¥ A e. dp olo@ drt yaipw 7oAXN’ akovwv Kat KaKG; @ Aaxkompwxre. a na cv matte moAAois Tots podots. ¥. TOV maTépa TUTTELS; > ~ A , KaTtopav® ye v7 Ata tt A ws ev Sikn o ETuTTOV. @® puapwrare,

‘ ~ , t ew, / / > , Kal 7&s yevoir av marépa tumTew ev diKn; éywy amodeiEw, Kal oe vuknow Aéywr. TOUTL OD VIKTGELS ;

, \ ¢ , TOAD ye Kal padiws. Eod 8’ dmdtepov totv Adyow BovAe A€yew. moiow Adyow; ‘ / > a“ ‘ id TOV KpelTTOV’, 7) TOV HTTOVA; >? / , \ > - / edidatapnv pevtor oe v7) Av’, & pede, Totow SiKalois avTiddyew, ei Tabra ye

/ > / ¢ / \ \ peAXets avarreicew, ws Sikaov Kat Kadov Tov matépa tute? éotly bro THY viewr.

> > adr’ olowar pévTou o avarreicew, WoTE ye ov) atrtdos axpoacduevos ovdéev ayTepels.

‘ \ bid \ / > ~ /

Kal pnv Oo TL Kal AeEets axotaar BovAopat.

\ ” > ~ / a aov epyov, ® mpeaBira, ppovrilew on [orp.

TOV avopa KpaTnoets,

€ e > , , iQ > ba)

ws obTos, et un Tw memoiMew, odK av Hv ovtws aKdAaoTos.

GAN’ of” étw Opactverar: SHAOV ye Tav- Opwmov *ori To Aja.

GAN e€ drov 7d mp@tov jpEal? 7 ayn yevecBar 7157 Aéyew xpr) Tpds Yopov. TavTwWs dé TOUTO Spacets.

133

133

134

13:

13

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH. ST. PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

CH.

THE CLOUDS, 1328-1352

Thank you : go on, go on: do please go on. I am quite delighted to be called such names ! O probed Adulterer. Roses from your lips.* Strike you your father ? O dear yes : what’s more, I'll prove I struck you justly. Struck me justly ! Villain ! how can you strike a father justly ? Yes, and I'll demonstrate it, if you please. Demonstrate this ? O yes, quite easily. Come, take your choice, which Logic do you choose ? Which what ? Logic : the Better or the Worse ? Ah, then, in very truth I’ve had you taught To reason down all Justice, if you think You ean prove this, that it is just and right That fathers should he beaten by their sons ! Well, well, I think I'll prove it, if you'll listen, So that even you won’t have one word to answer. Come, I should like to hear what you've to say.

"Tis yours, old man, some method to contrive This fight to win : He would not without arms wherewith to strive So bold have been. He knows, be sure, whereon to trust. His eager bearing proves he must.

So come and tell us from what cause this sad dispute began ;

Come, tell us how it first arose : do tell us if you can, @ Of. 1.910. VOL. 1. 2c 385

=T.

El.

2T.

ARISTOPHANES

Kal piv d0ev ye mp@rov npEdyec0a AowWopetobar > \ / > A \ ¢€ / > id ” eyw dpdow "men yap ctoTwwpel’, Womep tare, mp@tov pev adrov tiv Avpav AaBov7’ eyw *KEeAevoa 13 * , , \ , ¢ > 7 doar Ly.wvidov pédos, Tov Kpiov, ws emexOn. 6 8 et0éws dpxaiov civ’ épacke To Kilapilew ” / > ¢ Ee.’ /, a ue ~ adew Te tivovl’, worepel Kaxpus yuvatk’ adotoar. > A ‘3 7f\ ~ 7 / ‘ od yap ToT ev0ds xphv oe TUmTecbai Te Kal maretobat, »” 7 > e \ 4 ec ~ gdew KeAcvovl’, worepel Tértuyas EoTL@vTa; 13 ~ /, \ oe Ee. ” es pe Tovatra pévTou Kal TOT Edeyev Evdov, oldmep vov, A A , w > ‘ / Kat Tov Liyrwvidnv edack’ elvar KaKov rrownTHy. > A / td > > @ > / A ~ Kaya) Loris Lev, GAN’ Guws hveoxouny TO mpBTov. éreta 8° exédevo” abrov adAda puppivyny AaBovra trav AicxydaAov AéEat Ti ror KO obTos edOds efrrev, 13 Tar +h Aiea k / a 2 ‘ a eyw yap AicxvdAov vowilw mp@rov év mountats popov mAé€wv, a€voratov, ordudaka, Kpnpvo- / 23 Tovov ; > ~ ~ ” / \ , > cal KavTad0a mas olecbé pov Tiv Kapdiav dpexOeiv;

opws dé Tov Oupov Saxe Edny, “ ad 8° aAAa TodTwr

* Crius was an Aeginetan wrestler on whose defeat at Olympia Simonides wrote an ode beginning ‘*’Eétad’ 6 Kpids od decxéws,” with a pun on xpids **a ram.”

» Supposed to need no food but to live on dew.

386

ST.

PH.

ST.

THE CLOUDS, 1353-1369

Well from the very first I will the whole contention show 1 *Twas when I went into the house to feast him, as you know, I bade him bring his lyre and sing, the supper to adorn, Some lay of old Simonides, as, how the Ram was shorn : 4 But he replied, to sing at meals was coarse and obsolete ; Like some old beldame humming airs the while she grinds her wheat. And should you not be thrashed who told your son, from food abstaining To sine! as though you were, forsooth cicalas ® entertaining. You hear him! so he said just now or e’er high words began : And next he called Simonides a very sorry man. And when I heard him, I could scarce my rising wrath command ; Yet so I did, and him I bid take myrtle in his hand And chant some lines from Aeschylus, but he replied with ire, “ Believe me, I’m not one of those who Aeschylus admire, That rough, unpolished, turgid bard, that mouther of bombast ! ” When he said this, my heart began to heave extremely fast 5 Yet still I kept my passion down, and said, “ Then prithee you,

387

ARISTOPHANES

~ A ” Aéfov Tt THY vewrépwv, dtr” eoti Ta Goda Tabra.” 137 ~ + 9, 6 8 edOds fo’ Edpimidou phow tw’, as exiver > / adeAdds, DAckixaxe, THY Opopntpiay adeAdjy. > rd Kayo ober’ eEnvecxounv, GAN eb0ds eEapartw moAXois Kaxois Kaicxpoio Kar’ evred0ev, ofov jee! eikés, > Eros mpos Eros npedopecO : ef” obros emavamnd4, 137 Kamer ébra pe Kaomdder Kamveye KamebA Bev. A / Ld > > 4 > JA ®El. ovKovy diKaiws, dotis odk Edpimidny émaweis, / copuwTartov ; f / / oe ~ > / > ” 2; coduitarév y’ éxeivov, @ Ti a” ei; GAN ab6is ad rumTjcopac. \ A "> > 7 < eet! El. vy tov Av’, & dikn y’ av. xT. Kal 7&s Sixaiws; doris dvaioyuvré o° e€€Operba, 135 > / /, / / Lid / aicbavopevds cov mévra tpavAilovros, 6 Tt vooins. > id lon ” Di et \ n” a“ t Lee 3 et wev ye Bpdv etrois, eyed yvods av metv éméoxov. a OF 4 ee, , eae vo» : pappay 8° dv airjoavros Kdv cor épwv av aprov: kaxkdy 8° dv obk EfOns dpdcar, kaye AaB Odpale > / ”“ \ > , A > > \ yee efépepov dv Kal mpodoxounv ce: ad 8 eye vov

amdyyov 138

* The reference is to the marriage of Macareus and Canace, the children of Aeolus.

388

PH.

ST.

PH. ST.

THE CLOUDS, 1370-1385 |

Sing one of those new-fangled songs which modern striplings do. And he began the shameful tale Euripides has told How a brother and a sister lived incestuous lives of old.4 Then, then I could no more restrain, but first I must confess With strong abuse I loaded him, and so, as you may guess, We stormed and bandied threat for threat : till out at last he flew, And smashed and thrashed and thumped and bumped and bruised me black and blue. And rightly too, who coolly dared Euripides to blame,

Most sapient bard. Most sapient bard ! you, what’s your fitting name ? Ah! but he’ll pummel me again. He will: and justly too. What ! justly, heartless villain! when ‘twas I who nurtured you. I knew your little lisping ways, how soon, you'd hardly think, If you cried “ bree!” > I guessed your wants, and used to give you drink : If you said “‘ mamm !”’ I fetched you bread with fond discernment true, And you could hardly say “ Cacea !” when through the door I flew And held you out a full arm’s length your little needs to do:

> pov represents a child’s cry for drink. ; 389

XO.

El.

390

ARISTOPHANES

~ \ 4Q? « Bodvra Kai Kexpayd@’ drt 7 > ” xelntianv, odk etAns »” > a > , é£w “Eeveyxeiv, @ pape, Ovpalé pw’, adAa mvuyopevos

> a > , > QUTOUV TOLnOa KAaKKGY. 136

/ ~ /, A / >

oluat ye TOV vewrépwv Tas Kapdias [avr. mmoav, 6 Te AdEet.

> A af > e > ,

el yap To.atra y’ odtos e€eipyaopéevos AaASv avarreicen,

TO dépua T&v yepaitépwv AdBoysev av 138 aAN’ 08d” éepeBivOov.

~ A , cov Epyov, ® Kawdv éerdv KkwyTa Kat poyAevtd, meus twa Cynreiv, dws Sobers Adyew Sikasa.

e ¢ \ a 4 \ cal ¢ ~ Ws 760 Kawots mpdypnacw Kai deEots dptAciv, Kal TOV KabeoTrwTwv vouwv drepdpoveiv S¥vacBar. 14( ey yap OTe ev inmuch Tov vodv ovn mpocetyov, 2993 * Pr > an c?7 > e/ > A > ~ ovd av tpl etzreiv phual’ olds 7° 7 mpiv e€apapretv* \ ep / > ¢€ \ , ” 1 gle vuvi 8 ered) pw’ odtool tovTwy émavoev avros, 4 \ a ‘ / uA ‘ , yrwpais d€ Aerrais Kat Adyous Evvee Kal pepip- vats, olwar diddéew ws Sixavov tov matépa KoAdlew. 14( immeve Toivuy v7 At’, ws eovye Kpetrtov eoTw immwv tpépew TtéOpimmov 7 TumTdomevov emt=

Tpipivar.

THE CLOUDS, 1386-1407

But now when I was crying That I with pain was dying, You brute ! you would not tarry Me out of doors to carry, But choking with despair I’ve been and done it there. Sure all young hearts are palpitating now To hear him plead, Since if those lips with artful words avow The daring deed, And once a favouring verdict win, A fig for every old man’s skin. O thou! who rakest up new thoughts with daring hands profane, Try all you can, ingenious man, that verdict to obtain.

. How sweet it is these novel arts,

these clever words to know, And have the power established rules and laws to overthrow. Why in old times when horses were my sole delight, ‘twas wonder If I could say a dozen words without some awful blunder ! But now that he has made me quit that reckless mode of living, And I have etd to subtle thoughts my whole attention giving, I hope to prove by logic strict tis right to beat my father. O! buy your horses back, by Zeus, since I would ten times rather Have to support a four-in-hand, so I be struck no more.

391

El.

aT.

El.

ST.

El.

ARISTOPHANES

a , a / , exeice 5° GOev améoxiads pe TOO Adyou péTEyn, ~ , / >” >”

Kal Tp@T épyjoopal o¢ TOUTL* TAtdd. wu OVT ETUTTES ; ” , > ° a ‘ 8 / éywyé o°, evodv Te Kal Kndopevos. pee , ele 57 pov,

.) > , / /, > > ~ e , od Kame ao Sikaidv écoTw edvoeiv opoiws,

, > > / rae a > > ~ ‘ TUntew 7, emedymep ye TodT €or eEvdvoety, TO

TUTTEWS

~ A \ \ \ ~ \ > ~ i0@ a

TOs yap TO Lev dv odpa xpr) TAnyav aO@ov eivar, A > 7 Tovpov S€ yA; Kal unv eduv éAeVOepds ye Kaya. a / val ”

“«Xdovot maides, tatépa 8 od KAdew Soxets;

/ / \ \ ~ ” =“ drjoes vouilecbar od mados Todt Tovpyov elvat; > \ / a / 7” € \ cal e / eyw dé y’ avreitoun’ av ws dis mraides ot yepovTes,

> / lod \ , a" la Ud eikos Te uaAAov Tods yepovTas 7) véous TL KAdEW, Lid > 4 e ‘ > 4 downmep eapaptavew Arrov Sikatov avrous.

> > > ~ / ‘ , “~ , adr’ ofdap06 vouilerar Tov maTépa TodTO maaxew.

4 > \ e ‘ / \ ~ ‘ ~ oUKouv avip 6 Tov vépov Deis ToOTOV Hv TO TP@Tov, id \ > , \ , 4 \ , woTrep av Kayo, Kat Aéywv Eee Tods madatous ;

, a > > A ‘ be ‘ A hrrov tu bar’ eEeot. Kapot Kawvov ad To Aourov

aA , a ¢ Oeivar vopov Tots vigow, Tods TaTépas avTiTUnTew;

* A parody of the famous line Eur. Alcestis, 691 xalpe:s dpav pas marépa 5 od xalpew Soxets ; where Pheres addresses his son Admetus who had asked him to die in his stead.

892

lk

1

PH.

ST. PH.

ST.

PH,

THE CLOUDS, 1408-1424

Peace. I will now resume the thread where I broke off before. And first I ask : when I was young, did you not strike me then? Yea: for I loved and cherished you. Well, solve me this again, Is it not just that I your son should cherish you alike, And strike you, since, as you observe, to cherish means to strike ? What ! must my body needs be scourged and pounded black and blue And yours be scathless ? was not I as much freeborn as you? “Children are whipped, and shall not sires be whipped ? Perhaps you'll urge that children’s minds alone are taught by blows :— Well: Age is Second Childhood then : that everybody knows. And as by old experience Age should guide its steps more clearly, So when they err, they surely should be punished more severely. But Law goes everywhere for me: deny it, if you can. Well was not he who made the law, a man, a mortal man, As you or I, who in old times talked over all the crowd ? And think you that to you or me the same is not allowed, To change it, so that sons by blows should keep their fathers steady ?

393

ST.

El. =T.

El.

2T.

ARISTOPHANES

‘ daas S€ wAnyas elyouev mpl Tov vopov reOAvat, a a La adiewev, Kai Sidouev adrots mpotka ovykekdpOar. A oxéar S€ rods dXextpvdvas Kal TaAAa Ta Bora TAUTt, ek Ws Tovs Tarépas ayverar* Kaitou Te Svabepovow ~ a > Hpadv exeivor, tAHV ott Yndiopar od ypapovow; / a > > \ \ > / a a ti Sir’, émevd7) Tods aAeKTpudvas amavTa puyLEt, > > , \ \ / y iy , t 7 ovk eobies Kal THY KOmpov Kaal EvAov KabeVdets ; > / p lad > 299 =A 4, . , od TavTov, @ Tay, éoTw, odd av Lwxparer Soxoin. ‘ ~ \ uA > > \ / / > mpos Tatra pa TUmT* ef Sé py, GavTov ToT aiTidoet. Kal 7s; > ‘ A 4 , 4 2 - 3: Sees , emrel o€ prev Sikatds ei eyw Koddlew, \ > ” / / A a4 od 8’, Hv yerntat cou, Tov vidv. /

“ Ae >. qv dé papryevnrar, , > ‘ , 4 i. > A / parnv euol KexAavoerat, od 8 eyyavav rebvnEer. > \ / 5 5A 5 Cal dé 8d euol wéev, wvdpes HAukes, Soe? A€yew Sikara* Kapouye ovyxwpeiv Soe TovToLow TamMLELKh. / \ ¢ a Pe See > > ” 4 / ~ KAdew yap yuds eikds €or’, Hv pr) Sikara Sp@pev. / \ > / ” 4 oxéyar 5€ xaTépav Ete yvamnv. > A \ > “~ amo yap dAcdua. ‘ ‘ ” > > > /, A “A ~ : LA Kal perv tows y’ odvK axbécer mabaw a viv mé-

movias.

142.

143

ST.

ST.

PH.

THE CLOUDS, 1425-1441

Still, we’ll be liberal, and blows which we’ve received already We will forget, we'll have no ex- post-facto legislation. —Look at the game-cocks, look at all the animal creation, Do not they beat their parents? Aye: I say then, that in fact They are as we, except that they no special laws enact. Why don’t you then, if always where the game-cock leads you follow, Ascend your perch to roost at night, and dirt and ordure swallow ?

. The case is different there, old man,

as Socrates would see. Well then you'll blame yourself at last, if you keep striking me.

. How so?

Why, if it’s right for me to punish you my son,

You can, if you have got one, yours. Aye, but suppose I’ve none.

Then having gulled me you will die, while I’ve been flogged in vain.

. Good friends ! I really think he has

some reason to complain.

I must concede he has put the case in quite a novel light :

I really think we should be flogged unless we act aright !

. Look to a fresh idea then.

He'll be my death I vow. Yet then perhaps you will not grudge ev'n what you suffer now.

395

3T. PEI. =T.

El.

2T.

XO. 2T.

xo.

ST.

El. 3T. El.

896

ARISTOPHANES

mas dn; didakov yap Ti pw” ex rovTwv emwmpedAjoets. Tiv pNnTep womEep Kal oe TUTTHOO. ti dis; te dys ov; Too)” érepov ad petlov KaKov. ti 8, Nv €xwv TOV HTTw 144 Adyov cé vikjaw A€ywv Tiv pnTép’ ws TUaTEw Xpewv; ti 8 dAdo y’; Hw ravti mops, ovdev oe KwAvoet ceav- Tov euBar<iv és 7d Bdpabpov ang peta UwKparous Kat Tov Aoyov TOV ATTW. tavti dv buds, @ NeddAa, wémovl? ey, dyuiv avabels dravra Taya mpaypata. adros pev ody oaur® ov TOUTE alrwos, orpéyas ceavrov és Tmovnpa Tmpay Lara. - 145 ri djra. Taber” ov pou TOT” nyopevere, d\n’ avop” _dypouov Kal yepovT emTpeTe; Tpets mowodpev TaB0” éxdotol Orav Twa. yOpev movnpav ovT” epacTiy mpayyLaTwv, ews dy avTov euBahaprev eis KaKOV, 146 Ors av <i8f} Tovs Jeods dedouKevar. oljsot, movnpa. y ; & NedéAau, dikaa dé. ov yap pe exphy 7a, xpnpwad _ avevodunv dmroorepeiv. vov obv orrws, @ pidrare, TOV Xaipepavra TOV jevapov Kal LexKparyy 146 dzroneis, per’ ewod Ody, ot oe Kap’ e&nmdrwv. a’ ovk dv ddicjoayu Tods ddacKdAovs. val vat, Kkaradéobnre Tmarpdov Aia. idov ye Aia TaTp@ov * ws apxatos ef. Zevs yap tis €oTw;

ST.

PH. ST.

PH.

ST.

CH.

ST.

CH.

ST.

PH.

ST.

PH.

THE CLOUDS, 1442-1470

How! will you make me like the blows which I’ve received to-day ? Yes, for I'll beat my mother too. What! What is that you say ! Why, this is worse than all. But what, if as I proved the other, By the same Logic I can prove tis right to beat my mother ? Aye! what indeed! if this you plead, If this you think to win, Why then, for all I care, you may To the Accursed Pit convey Yourself with all your learning new, Your master, and your Logic too, And tumble headlong in. O Clouds ! O Clouds ! I owe all this to you ! Why did I let you manage my affairs ! Nay, nay, old man, you owe it to yourself. Why didst thou turn to wicked practices ? Ah, but ye should have asked me that before, And not have spurred a poor old fool to evil. Such is our plan. We find a man On evil thoughts intent, Guide him along to shame and wrong, Then leave him to repent. Hard words, alas ! yet not more hard than just. It was not right unfairly to keep back The money that I borrowed. Come, my darling, Come and destroy that filthy Chaerephon And Socrates ; for they’ve deceived us both ! No. I will lift no hand against my Tutors. Yes do, come, reverence Paternal Zeus. Look there! Paternal Zeus ! what an old fool. Is there a Zeus ?

397

ARISTOPHANES

xT. éorw. ®El. ovK €oT ovK emei I Aivos Baowdever, tov A’? e&edAndrAakads. st. odk e€eAnAak’ add’ éyd tobr’ wopyp, Sua Tovrovi TOV Aivov. oipot deiAatos, OTe Kal o€ xuTpeodv ovTa Oeov Hynodnv. El. evrabia cavT@ tapadpdver kat dAnvada. M4 31. olor mapavolas: ds ewawounv apa, or” ef<BaAov tovs Beods dia UwKparny. aan’, @ pin’ ‘Epp, pndap@ds Ovpauwe foot, pndé be emitpipys, adda ovyyvapny exe €wod Tapavorcavras ddoheoxia. 14 Kal peor yevod EvpuBovdros, ctr” avrovs ypadiv SiwKkdbw ypaupdpevos, et?’ 6 tu cou Soxel. 6p)Gs | Tapauweis odK ev Suxoppageiv, GAN ws taxLoT’ eumumpdvar THy oikiay Tov adorccxav. Sedpo Sedp” : o Eaviia, 14 KAtwaKa, AaBav efeADe Kal opwiyv pépwv, Kamer” emavaBas emt 70 PpovTvarnprov TO TEeyos kardoKamr’ nak pireis Tov SeomoTny, ews av avrots euBadns THY oikiay: €ol d€ 6g5° éveyKdrw Tis HUPLEVnV, 1: Kayes TW aura TT}LEpov Sobvau dikyv €pol TOUjow, Kel afddp’ eto’ adaloves. MAGHTH A. iov lov. 3T. gov epyov, @ dds, tévat modi ddroya. M. A. GvOpwre, Ti mrovels j 6 TL TOLd; Ti So aMo y 7) 14 " SiaderrohoyoOuat tais doKxois THs oikias.

* For divos (spelt detvos in Athenaeus) cf. W. 618. It is a “large bowl,” but why it is on the stage or what the reference to it means is uncertain.

398

PH. ST.

THE CLOUDS, 1470-1496

There is. There is no Zeus. Young Vortex reigns, and he has turned out Zeus. No Vortex reigns : that was my foolish thought All through this vortex * here. Fool that I was, To think a piece of earthenware a God. Well, rave away, talk nonsense to yourself. Oh! fool, fool, fool, how mad I must have been To cast away the Gods, for Socrates. Yet Hermes, gracious Hermes,’ be not angry Nor crush me utterly, but look with mercy On faults to which his idle talk hath led me. And lend thy counsel ; tell me, had I better Plague them with lawsuits, or how else annoy them. (Affects to listen.) Good : your advice is good : I’ll have no lawsuits, I'll go at once and set their house on fire, The prating rascals. Here, here, Xanthias, Quick, quick here, bring your ladder and your pitch- fork, Climb to the roof of their vile thinking-house, Dig at their tiles, dig stoutly, an’ thou lovest me. Tumble the very house about their ears. And someone fetch me here a lighted torch, And I'll soon see if, boasters as they are, They won’t repent of what they’ve done to me.

8TUDENT 1. O dear! O dear !

8T.

Now, now, my torch, send out a lusty flame.

s.1. Man! what are you at there?

ST.

What am I at? I'll tell you. I’m splitting straws with your house-rafters here.

> A statue of Hermes =rpo¢aios placed at the door of the house éxl drorpomy T&v d\\wy KNerr Sv (Schol. on Pl. 1153).

399

M. B.

ARISTOPHANES

e ~ a A 572 olor, Tis HUL@v mupmToAet THY OtKiaY;

3T. €kxelvos odmep Ooipariov eiAndare.

M.T.

3T.

=a. 2T. =0.

amoXeis azrodcis. a? ya AY \ ,

tobr avo yap Kat BovAopat, — ap 7 open poe p47) 7pod@ Tas eAribas, 150 7), yo mporepov TWwS extpaxn dob TETWV. obTos, Ti mrovets eTeov, ovmL TOO Téyous; depoBar®, Kai epubpoves Tov 7ALov. oywor TaAas, SeiAaios arromvuynoopat.

XAIPE@ON. eyw O€ KaKodaimwr ye KataxavOyoopat. 150

2T.

xo.

400

/ \ / \ \ ¢ /

Ti yap pabdvres tods Oeovs bBpilere, \ ~ 4 > ~ ¥ a

Kal THs LeAjvyns eoxoreiabe thy edpav;

diwxe, BaAde, rate, 7oAA@v ovveka, ‘ /, > 9 A \ \ ¢ 2Q7

pdAwora 8° cida@s Tods Beods ws HdiKour.

jycio? Ew Kexdpevtar yap petpiws Td ye.

THEpov ALi. 151

THE CLOUDS, 1497-1510

s. 2. Oh me! who’s been and set our house on fire ? st. Who was it, think you, that you stole the cloak from ? s. 3. O Murder! Murder ! ST. That’s the very thing, Unless this pick prove traitor to my hopes, Or I fall down, and break my blessed neck. so. Hallo! what are you at, up on our roof ? st. I walk on air, and contemplate the Sun. so. O! I shall suffocate. O dear! O dear! CHAEREPHON. And I, poor devil, shall be burnt to death. st. For with what aim did ye insult the Gods, And pry around the dwellings of the Moon? Strike, smite them, spare them not, for many reasons, ’ Bur MosT BECAUSE THEY HAVE BLASPHEMED THE Gops ! cu. Lead out of the way : for I think we may say We have acted our part very fairly to-day.

VOL. I 2D 401

ie

A,

ela Lene TE. ;

‘

et} hey 220i Pail “tty jostle Pee

bovioi trae ts

f iene 3 i f bs j a's el 5 w 7 3 ‘ =e & be 2 a ¥ ‘ z 28 {2 aft P ef E 5. Fe j ; a ce is £ » pRaeahs | Sats : . ? ert bak! A : ) re" { ee ee 2 pay ate eer i : = ° 2 x 4 ~~ FF ‘

THE WASPS

INTRODUCTION

Tue Wasps was produced at the Lenaean festival 422 B.c., gaining either the first or the second prize, and it is commonly regarded as “ a criticism on the Athenian dicasteries,” or, as Grote puts it, “ The poet’s purpose was to make the dicasts appear monsters of caprice and injustice.” .

Yet though “ Aristophanes does not exempt them from his strokes of wit and satire (for once thoroughly in his comic vein, he spares neither friend nor foe),” @ these old dicasts are none the less “ representatives of his own favourite Mapafwvoudyat,” and in the Epirrhema (1071-90) “he describes, in the noblest and most glowing eulogy that ever flowed from the lips of aComedian, who and what these dicasts were, ’” his real object being to detach them from the dem- agogues, of whom they “ were the main support.and stay in the popular assembly.”” These poor old men who “ have to grope their way through the mud in the dark,” whose “ talk is of pot-herbs,” and who are “ struck with consternation (309-12) at the audacity of a child who dares to ask for anything so far beyond the means of a dicast as a homely treat of common figs,” ° are yet under the delusion (592-600), care- fully fostered by Cleon and his like, that they are masters of the State, and, while there is **no discussion

* Rogers, Introduction, p. xvii. » Ibid. p. xvi. ¢ Ibid. p. xviii. 404

THE WASPS

on the excellences or defects of the dicastic system ” in the great Arbitration scene (521 seq.), ‘‘ the whole of Philocleon’s harangue is an elaborate argument . . . that the dicastic office is an dpx7) peycéAn, whilst Bdelycleon, on the contrary, exerts himself to prove that it is nothing more nor less than a peydAy SovAcia.”’ 4

As regards the Athenian jury-system, it may be noted that as the political affairs were in the hands of the é€xxAnoia, so judicial affairs were committed to an assembly called 7Avaia. The numbers of this were limited to 6000, who must be over thirty years of age, and “ in the full possession of their rights and privi- leges as Athenian citizens.” ® They were elected by lot, an equal number from each of the ten tribes, had to take the Heliastic oath, which included a declara- tion that “‘ they would give a fair and impartial hear-

ing to both sides ” (cf. 725, 920), and from the time > be

of Pericles received three obols a day as their fee.

After their election they were “ distributed and marshalled,” by ballot, into ten sections or com- mittees,° which “‘sat each in a separate Hall or Court-house,” distinguished by a particular colour, and every dicast received “a metallic or boxwood plate (rivdkwov) inscribed with his name, etc.,” together with a staff of office (Gaxrypia or oxizov,727). The average number of a sectional assembly was 500, and “ each member, as he entered the Court- house, was presented with a ovpBodov or ticket of . attendance,’ which on the rising of the Court he handed to the Treasurer (kwAaxpérys), who there- upon paid him three obols.”’ 4

« [bid. p. xix. » Ibid. p. xxi. ¢ Ibid. p. xxvii. 4 Ibid. p. xxxiv. 405

ARISTOPHANES

* An action at law was commenced by a summons (xpéoxdnows) served on the defendant by, or in the presence of a sompnour («Ayr77jp).”* Both plaintiff and defendant made oath as to the truth of their case (these preliminary affidavits were called dvtwpo- gia), and evidence was produced by each. When the pleadings and documentary evidence (at ypadat) were complete, they were sealed up in an official vessel (éxivos), to be opened on the day of trial, and the cause was set down in the cause-lists (ai cdvides). After considering the evidence, both documentary and oral, and hearing the speeches, the dicasts recorded their verdict by placing their votes in one or other of two urns (kadiocxor, ef. 987), but when the verdict was ‘ Guilty,” and in cases where no particular penalty was annexed by law (dixac atipnror), it devolved upon the Court to determine its amount or nature,” and “ the prisoner was allowed to suggest a milder punishment than that demanded by the prosecution,” in which event (as in the case of Socrates) a second vote had to be taken, and for this purpose “the dicasts had ruvdkia tinted (damage- cessing tablets), over the waxen surface of which they drew either a long line to mark the heavier, or a short line to mark the lighter penalty.” ?

“In addition to-actions before a Court of Law the practice of referring a dispute to the decision of arbitrators (Svaitnta’) was as well known in Athens as it is in England,”® and the proceedings in 521 seq. are “a complete specimen ”’ of such an arbitration.

@ Ibid. p. xxxv. ” Ibid. p. xxxvi. —* ‘Ibid. p. xiii.

406

TA TOY APAMATOS ITPOSOQIA

2 Washi ice

ANOIAD)

BAEATKAEQN

&IAOKAEQN

XOPOS TEPONTON 2#HKON ITAIS

KTOQN

ZYMIIOTHS

APTOIIOAIS

KATHTOPOS

407

SPHKED

sox1ax. Odros, ti mdoxes, & Kaxddayov Bavbia;

ZANOIAS. dudakiy Karadvew vuKTepwny diWaoKopal.

sn. Kakov dpa Tats mAevpais te mpoddeiArers peya. dp’ oto0a y’ olov Kvddadov pvdAdrropey ;

EA. of8°+ GAd’ éribupd opiKpov amopeppnpicoas.

xa. od 5° ody mapaxwdvvev’, eel KadTod y’ Euod Kara Taiv Képaw Urvov tt Katayeirar yAvKU.

ZA. GAd’ 7 wapadpoveis éreov 7 KopuBavTids;

zn. ovK, add’ drvos p’ exer Tis ek LaPaliov.

ZA. Tov avrov dp éuot Bouxodrcis VaBalrov.

Kapol yap aptiws émeotpatevoaTo Midds tis emt ta BAepapa vvoTraKTHs Umvos* Kat dr” ovap Oavpaorov «ldov apriws.

so. Kdywy adnbds ofov oddenamore. arap od AéLov mporepos.

EA. eddKouv aieTov KaTamTdpevov eis TH ayopay weyay mdavu dvaprdcavTa tots ovuEw aomida dhéepew émixadKov avexas eis Tov odpavor,

* The play opens with a dialogue between two drowsy slaves who have been keeping guard all night before an Athenian house. It is still dark, but the day is at hand.

408

— eT.

THE WASPS?

sostas. You ill-starred Xanthias, what’s the matter now ? xantTuias. The nightly watch I’m studying to relieve.®

so.

so.

Why then, your ribs will have a score against you. Do you forget what sort of beast we’re guarding ?

. No, but I'd fain just drowse dull care away.

Well, try your luck : for I too feel a sort

Of drowsy sweetness settling o’er my eyes.

Sure you're a maniac or a Corybant.

(Producing a wine flask) Nay ’tis a sleep from great Sabazius holds me.°

(Producing another) Aha! and I’m your fellow-votary there.

My lids too felt just now the fierce assault

Of a strong Median 4 nod-compelling sleep.

And then I dreamed a dream ; such a strange dream !

And so did I: the strangest e’er I heard of.

But tell yours first.

Methought a monstrous eagle Came flying towards the market-place, and there Seized in its claws a wriggling brassy shield,

And bore it up in triumph to the sky,

» i.e. by going to sleep. ¢ X. denies that he is “‘a Corybant” but allows that he is

almost one, being a devotee of Sabazius, the Phrygian Bacchus, and son of Cybele, of whom the Corybants were priests.

4 i.e. as overwhelming as the host of Xerxes.

409

ARISTOPHANES

Kamera TavTny atoBaArciy KAewvupov.

za. oddev apa ypidov Siadéper KAewdvupos. 20° EA. 7@s 8; | =n. mMpooepet ats TOLOL oupmorats Aéyov,

rt TavtTov ev yh T daéBadev Kav ovpav@ Kav TH Oaddrrn Onpiov tiv aomida; HA. olor, TL OATA por KaKOV ‘yevHCETAL iddvrt Tovobrov evUrviov; \ , =a. pq) ppovrions. 25 3994 \ ” \ > A \ 4 ovdev yap €otar dSewvov od a.Tovs Geods. aS , ; ae eee pee, > \ ¢ ZA. Sewov ye mov ’ot avOpwros amoBaAwy dmAa. aTap av To oov ad AdEov. > 2 3 A 4 =a. adn’ €or peéya. \ ~ / 7 > ~ /, a Tepl THs mOAEws yap éoTe Too oxdgous ddov. HA. Aéye vuv dvdoas TL THY Tpomw TOO mpdyparos. 30 za. ed0€€ pou mepl mp@rov Uavov ev TH muKvi exkAnodlew mpdoBata ovyKabypeva, Baxrnpias é€xyovra Kal tpiBdvia- a , Kame:Ta TovTOLS Toot mpoBdToLs PoVdOKEL

Snpunyopetv pdrawa Tmavdoxedrpia, 35 Exovoa duvnv eumempnuerns vos.

ZA. atPot.

=a. Tl €0Tt;

HA. made mabe, pe) déye*

ole KdKLOTOV ToUvUTVLOV Bvpons campas. =a. lf? 7 papa dddaw’ éxovoa tpuTavnv torn Bdoevov Synpov.

* The big eagle changes into bulky Cleonymus (ef. A. 88) the plyaoms. ‘There seems to be a play on domis=(1) a shield, (2) a snake.

> The reference is to a well- known_ riddle (Athen. x. 78) rl rairov év obpay@, kal éml vis, kal év TH Oaddoon; the answer

410

THE WASPS, 19-40

And then—Cleonymus fled off and dropped it.4

so. Why then, Cleonymus is quite a riddle.

xa. How so?

so. A man will ask his boon companions, What is that brute which throws away its shield Alike in air, in ocean, in the field 2?”

xa. O what mishap awaits me, that have seen So strange a vision ?

so. Take it not to heart, "Twill be no harm, I swear it by the Gods.

xa. No harm to see a man throw off his shield ! But now tell yours.

so. Ah, mine’s a big one, mine is ; About the whole great vessel of the state.

xa. Tell us at once the keel of the affair.

so. “Iwas in my earliest sleep methought I saw A flock of sheep assembled in the Pnyx, Sitting close-packed, with little cloaks and staves ; Then to these sheep I heard, or seemed to hear An all-receptive grampus ° holding forth In tone and accents like a scalded pig.

xa. Pheugh!

so. Eh?

XA. Stop, stop, don’t tell us any more. Your dream smells horribly of putrid hides.

so. Then the vile grampus, scales in hand, weighed out Bits of fat beef, cut up.?

being “a serpent ’’ of which there are land and marine specimens, and which is also a constellation. ® Cleon; for his greed ¢f. C. 591, and for his voice K. 137. - 4 For the play on dnuds “fat” and dios “the people” ef. K. 954, 411

ARISTOPHANES

” /

EA. olor deiAaos. tov Ajpov jpadv BovAerar Swordvat,

sa, eddxer 5€ ror Owpos adris mAnoiov

~ ” apat Kabjc8a, tiv Kepadjv Kdpakos Exwv. @ 3.9 / / / eit” "AAKiBiadns ele mpds pe TpavAtoas: La wel / \ \ / w OAds; @é€wdros tiv Kedadhv KdAakos EXEL. > ~ ees TEE / > /

EA. op0d@s ye tobr’ *AAKiBiddns eTrpavAcer.

32. ovKouv exe’ GAXSKoTOV, 6 O€wpos Kopak yuyvopevos ;

8 ¢ a. Sy oe

EA. nKLoT , GAA’ apioror.

=0. TAS ;

a

HA. OTrws ; avOpwros av etr’ eyéver eEaidvyns Kopak: ovKovy evapyes TobTro oupBdAdAew, OTe apleis ad’ jnudv és Kdpaxas oiynoerar;

2a. «ir otk éyw Sods bv’ 6BoAd prcbdoopar ottws vroKpwopevov copds dveipaTa;

ZA. dépe vuv Kateimw tots Yearats tov Adyov, ory’ atl” breumav mp&rov adbroiow rad, pndev map hua@v mpocdoKay Alay péya,

> - / , ,

pnd’ ad yéhwra Meyapdbev KexAcupevor. Hpiv yap odK €or obdé Kdpv’ ex hoppidos SovAw duappirtobyre Tots Pewpevois,

wy? ¢ ~ \ a > / ov” ‘HpakAfs ro Setmvov eEarrara@pevos,

aN > > , > , od ablis dvaceAyawopevos Edpumidns*

29> ? / > a 4 4 od’ «if KAéwv y’ eAapibe THs TUxNS Xap, abOis tov adrov dvdpa puTtwrevoopev

> > a GAN’ gorw Hyiv Aoyidiov yvopnv Exov,

¢ For the play on xépagé and xédak ef. Diogenes (cited by Athenaeus vi. 65), rod) Kpetrrov és xépaxas dreOeiv } és KodaKas. Theorus, who is here called a ‘ flatterer,” is jeered at as a

412

THE WASPS, 40-64

XA. Woe worth the day ! He means to cut our city up in bits.

so. Methought beside him, on the ground, I saw Theorus seated, with a raven’s head. Then Alcibiades lisped out to me, Cwemark ! Theocwus has a cwaven’s * head.

xa. Well lisped! and rightly, Alcibiades !

so. But is this not ill-omened, that a man Turn to a crow ?

XA. Nay, excellent.

so. How ?

XA. How! Being a man he straight becomes a crow : Is it not obvious to conjecture that He’s going to leave us, going to the crows ?

so. Shall I not pay two obols then, and hire One who so cleverly interprets dreams ?

xa. Come, let me tell the story to the audience With just these few remarks, by way of preface. Expect not from us something mighty grand, Nor yet some mirth purloined from Megara.” We have no brace of servants here, to scatter Nuts from their basket out among the audience, No Heracles defrauded of his supper, Nor yet Euripides besmirched again ; No, nor though Cleon shine, by fortune’s favour,° Will we to mincemeat chop the man again. Ours is a little tale, with meaning in it,

“‘perjurer,” C. 400. ‘To go to the crows” is the same as our ** go to the dogs.”

» Susarion of Megara is said to have invented comedy, but Sang comedy ” is often referred to as rude and vulgar ; cf. A. 738.

¢ He was in this year appointed commander-in-chief to oppose Brasidas in Thrace.

413

=2. EA. =. BA. z2.

EA.

414

ARISTOPHANES

¢ ~ 4 > ~ ot 7 dudv pev adrav ody de€whrepov, Kwpumdtas 5é€ poptiKys copurepov. gorw yap tiv: deororns ekewoat a re

dvw Kabevdswv, 6 péyas, odmt TOD Téyous. obros duddrrew Tov matép’ emétake vev, ” / ° , V9 es évdov Kabeipéas, wa Ovpale py “Eip. vocov yap 6 matip aAAdKoTov adtod vogei, “ 2993 =" e / > 5° nv“ ‘A qv od8 av els yvoln mor’ odd dv EvpPddor, et pr) 7U000 yudv: éemel tomdlere. ?A / A ¢ II / aed e ‘

pvvias pev 6 Ipovamous dijo’ obroat elvar diAdxvBov adrov: add’ oddev Aéyet.

\ > aS Ie ¢ ~ \ / , pa A’, add’ ad’ atrod thy vooov TeKpmaipeTar. ok, GAdAd giro pév eoTw apxi TOD KaKod. 6dt 5é€ dyor Lwoias mpos AepKvAov

<lvat didondrnv adrov.

kb) ~ > > ‘ oveapas y’, Emel M4 ~ ‘ ran atrn ye xpnotav orly dvdpav 7 vooos. ucootpatos 8 abd dnow 6 UKapBwvidys > ¢ > A a” / elvar dirobdrnv adrov 7 pidd&evov. \ \ dere > , > > / pa tov Kvv’, ® Nuxdotpat’, od pidAdkevos, > \ emel katam¥ywv cot 6 ye DidAdkevos. LAA rv ~ >. > A > / adAAws pAvapeir’s od yap e&evpyaere. > > a a ~ el 81) “miOupetr’ eidévar, ovyadre viv. / “

dpdow yap 7n Tv vdcov Tod SeamdTov. pidnAaorns éorw ws ovdels avip,

: “~ €pa te Ttovrov Tod dixdlew, Kal orevel,

hal ne EL ~ / / 5A nv pa) mt Tod mpwrov Kabilnrar Evdov.

” > “a ~ Umvov 8 Opa Tis vuKTos ode maamdAny. ~ > > , ” ” ¢ Lope. iy o° obv Katapton Kav axvyy, Ouws eke 6 voids mérerat tiv vUKTa Tept THY KAEYpvopar. ec ‘ ~ be 4 ~ / > / bro Tob Sé tiv wHdov y’ Exew ciwhevat

75

" so.

THE WASPS, 65-94

Not too refined and exquisite for you, Yet wittier far than vulgar comedy. You see that great big man, the man asleep Up on the roof, aloft : well, that’s our master, He keeps his father here, shut up within, And bids us guard him that he stir not out. For he, the father, has a strange disease, Which none of you will know, or yet conjecture, Unless we tell: else, if you think so, guess. ' Amynias @ there, the son of Pronapes, Says he’s a dice-lover : but he’s quite out. Ah, he conjectures from his own disease. Nay, but the word does really end with -lover. Then Sosias here observes to Dercylus, That ’tis a prinK-lover.

Confound it, no ? That’s the disease of honest gentlemen. Then next, Nicostratus of Secambon says, It is a sacrifice- ° or stranger-lover. What, like Philoxenus? No, by the dog, Not quite so lewd, Nicostratus, as that. Come, you waste words : you'll never find it out, So all keep silence if you want to know. I'll tell you the disease old master has. He is a Lawcourt-lover, no man like him. Judging is what he dotes on, and he weeps Unless he sit on the front bench of all. At night he gets no sleep, no, not one grain, Or if he doze the tiniest speck, his soul Flutters in dreams around the water-clock. So used he is to holding votes, he wakes

@ Here and below Aristophanes makes certain spectators credit Philocleon with their own special weakness. Ie

* TheScholiast explains p:A0bdrys = decordaluwr, * superstitious.

¢ By which the speeches of the advocates were timed.

415

ARISTOPHANES

Tous tpeis Evvéexwv Tov SaxTvAwy aviorarat, dorep ABavwrov émtieis voupynvia.

kat v7 A’ i idn yé mov yeypappevov

viov IlupiAduzrovs év Ovpa Ajpov kanov, ia mrapéypaibe mAnatov 6 KOS Kano.”

Tov aAektpudva 8 » ds 70 ad’ éonéepas, edn oy e€eyelpew adrov dvamemevopevov,

Tapa Tov brevddvwr ExovtTa xpnpara.

ev0vs 8 amo Soprnotot Kéxpayev euBadas, Kamer éxeio’ eAOdv mpoxabevder mpm mavuv, @omep derras TpOEXOLEVvOS TO Kiove.

bao dvoKoAlas amract TLV TH paKkpav domep peders’ 7 Boyds eloépxeTat,

bm0 Tois ovu€t Knpov dvarremhacpEevos. Pjpoov dé dSeicas pun SenBein more,

iw EXOL duxdlew, aiyvadov evdov Tpeper. To.atr’ adveu: voverovpevos 5” det

pardrov Sicdler. Tobrov obv puAdrropev poxAoiow evdjoavres, os av pny "Ein.

6 yap vios avrod THv vocov Bapéws pepet. kat mp@ra peev Adyouat Trapapvlovjrevos avereev adrov my popety tprBwyiov

pnd efvevat Bvpal’: 6 8’ ovk emeiBero.

el7’ avrov améAov KdedBaup” ,0 8° od pdda.. peta Toor exopupdyreg’ ‘0 8 atrd (Topmdve déas edicaley eis TO Kauvov epmrecciv.

ore 51) Se Tavraus tais teAeTats odK where, diémAevoev eis Atywav: efra EvANaBdv

* For this practice of lovers ¢f. A. 144.

> Demus was a youth of eminent beauty ; of. Plato, Gorg. 481 Dp, where Socrates Says éy® pev &pd "Ade Beddou Te ToU Kyewiov kal dirocodias, od dé rod’ ’AOnvalwy Shuov xal rod ILupiAdprrous.

416

106

108

11

1i

12(

THE WASPS, 95-122

With thumb and first two fingers closed, as one That offers incense on a new moon’s day,

If on a gate is written Lovely Demus,*

Meaning the son of Pyrilamp,® he goes

And writes beside it Lovely Verdict-box.

The cock which crew from eventide, he said, Was tampered with, he knew, to call him late, Bribed by officials whose accounts were due.¢ Supper scarce done, he clamours for his shoes, Hurries ere daybreak to the Court, and sleeps Stuck like a limpet to the doorpost there.

So sour he is, the long condemning line 4

He marks for all, then homeward like a bee Laden with wax beneath his finger-nails.

Lest he lack votes, he keeps, to judge withal, A private pebble-beach secure within.

Such is his frenzy, and the niore you chide him The more he judges : ¢ so with bolts and bars We guard him straitly that he stir not out.

For ill the young man brooks his sire’s disease. And first he tried by soft emollient words

To win him over, not to don the cloak

Or walk abroad : but never a jot he yielded. He washed and purged him then : but never a jot. A Corybant next he made him, but old master, Timbrel and all, into the New Court bursts And there sits judging. So when these rites failed, We cross the Strait, and, in Aegina, place him,

¢ All officials at the close of their term of office had to submit to an account (€d@vvn), and in cases where the public auditor was not satisfied the matter would come before the dicasteries ; ¢f. 571.

# See Introduction, p. 406.

¢ Said by the Scholiast to be a parody of Euripides: raair’ aver vouderovpmevos 5 ”"Epws | uaddov meéfer.

VOL. I 25 417

ARISTOPHANES

, / Xr Sth > 7A r ~.

victwp KatéxrAwev adrov eis >AoKkdymod

¢ >” > / a P24 ~ rid

6 8 aveddvyn Kvedhaios emt TH KvyKAde.

> ~ b] 4 > $7 % > /

evred0ev oder’ adbrov e€edpetopev.

e > > / ie 4 ~ € ~

6 8 e&edidpacKce 51a Te THY Bdpoppodv

~ ~ a /,

Kal tay om@v: tects 8’ do” Hv, TeTpyweva

eveBUoapev pakioot KaTTAaKTwWOa[LEV*

€ > e \ A ¢€ ~ 4

6 8 Womepet KoAows abt matrrdAovs

a >

evexpovev eis Tov Totxov, elt e&7AXeTO.

Huets Sé THY adAjy amacav SuKTVoIs

KatameTaoavres ev KUKAw pvdAdTTopev.

” > »* ~ \ / ,

coTw 5° dvoyna TH pev yepovt. DiroKréwv,

vat pa Alia, T@ 9° viet ye Twdt BdeAvKAEwr,

Exwv Tpdmous PpvaypLocemvdKous TwWds. BAEATKAEQN. @ Savlia kat Lwoia, Kabevdere;

EA. olor : =n. Tl €0TL; BA. BédedAuKAéwv aviorarat.

> 8 A ~ , 8 ALTO vs é BA. ov mrepiopapeirar od@v taxéws Sep’ drepos; 6 yap marnp eis Tov imvov eiceAjAvbev ‘ aA 4 > > ” Kal pvotoActrar KatadeduKws. aA’ aOper, Kata THs muéAov TO Tphy’ Smws py *KdvoETAL’ ad-5€ 7H OUpa mpdckeioo. Zo. Tatr’, @ déomorta. ” a BA. ava IIdcedov, ti mor” ap’ 7» Kann yooet; obtos, Tis ef av;

SIAOKAEQN. Kamvos €ywy e&€épxowar. BA. Kazmvos;. dép’ tow EvAov Tivos av. #1, ovKivov.

\ ~ BA. v7) tov A’? domep y’ earl Spysdraros Kamar.

; ° A common method of seeking a cure. > i.e. “ Cleon-lover.” ¢ i.e. “ Cleon-abhorrer.” 418

130

135

140

145

BD XA

so. XA. BD.

so. BD.

PH BD

PH.

BD

THE WASPS, 123-146

To sleep the night inside Asclepius’ temple : ¢ Lo ! with the dawn he stands at the Court rails ! Then, after that, we let him out no more. But he! he dodged along the pipes and gutters, And so made off : we block up every cranny, Stopping and stuffing them with clouts of rag : Quick he drove pegs into the wall, and clambered Up like an old jackdaw, and so hopped out. Now then, we compass all the house with nets, Spreading them round, and mew him safe within. Well, sirs, Philocleon ® is the old man’s name ; Ay truly ; and the son’s, Bdelycleon ¢ ; A wondrous high-and-mighty mannered man. ELYCLEON. Xanthias and Sosias ! are ye fast asleep ? - Odear ! What now? Bdelycleon is up. One of you two run hither instantly, For now my father’s got into the kitchen, Scurrying, mouselike, somewhere. Mind he don’t Slip through the hole for turning off the water. And you, keep pressing at the door. Ay, ay, sir. O heavens! what’s that ? what makes the chimney rumble ? Hallo, sir! who are you ? ILOCLEON. I’m smoke escaping. . Smoke ? of what wood ? . I’m of the fig-tree panel. . Ay, and there’s no more stinging smoke ¢ than that.

@ So too Theophrastus (Hist. Plant. v. 9. 5) Spysdraros 6 karvos

cuxfs. Philocleon selects a smoke that suits his own characters as a dicast; and there is also a reference to “ informers ied (cuxogdyrat).

419

ARISTOPHANES

arap ovK eveppycets ye; mov of 7 THALa; dvov mdAw: pep’ erravade cou Kal EShov. evrabia vov Cyret TW” adAqY enxavay.

drd-p dbs y et ws Erepds y ovdels avnp, doTis Tarpos vov Kamviov KexAjoopat.

xa. viv tiv Odpav wie.

BA.

$1.

BA. #1.

BA. $l. BA. ol, BA. ol,

BA.

$1.

BA.

#1.

420

Ud , / mielé vuv ofddpa

a > a a | \ 9 AQ? ed KavSpucBs* Kayw yap evradé epXopiae. Kal Tis karakdeidos emysedod Kal Tob poxAod: purarré Oe omrws pq) THY BadAavov exTpugerar. Ti Spacer’ ; ovK expproer’, @ prapwratot, Siuxdoovrd pe, aan’ expevgerat Apaxovridns ; ad d€ Totro Bapéws av dpépois;

6 yap Beds pavrevopevep poovypnoev ev AcAgois MOTE, orav tis expvyn p’, dmooKhfvae TOTE. "Anodov amorpétaie, TOO pavredparos.

4? > ~ > ” A ~ 10’, avTBoA@ o°, Exdpes pe, pr) Svappaya.

A A ~ / > / / pea TOV Tloceda, D.rA0K éwy, ovdémoTe ye. Svarpasgopat rolvuy dda& To Sixtvov. adn’ ob Exes dddvTas.

w , olor deiAatos*

a »” > > , aA / , m@s dv o° dmoxrewayn; mds; bore poor Eidos oTws TAXLOT 7 muvaxvov TLLNTLKOV. dvOpurmos obros péya Te Spaceler Kakov. pa tov At? od S47’, GAN’ amoddcba BovAopat Tov dvov aywv adroto. Tots KavOnAtous* voupnvia yap €oTw.

odKour Kav éyd) adtov amodoimny Sir’ av;

ovx wamep y’ eyed.

1

1

THE WASPS, 147-172 -

Come, trundle back : what, won’t you? where’s the board ? In with you! nay, I’ll clap this log on too. There now, invent some other stratagem. But I’m the wretchedest man that ever was ; They'll call me now the son of Chimney-smoked.* so. He’s at the door now, pushing.

BD. Press it back then With all your force : I’m coming there directly. And O be careful of the bolt and bar,

And mind he does not nibble off the door-pin.

pH. (Within) Let me out, villains ! let me out to judge. What, shall Dracontides escape unpunished !

Bp. What if he should ?

PH. Why once, when I consulted The Delphian oracle, the God replied,

That I should wither if a man escaped me.

Bp. Apollo shield us, what a prophecy !

pu. O let me out, or I shall burst, I shall.

Bp. No, by Poseidon! no, Philocleon, never !

pu. O then by Zeus I'll nibble through the net.”

pp. You've got no teeth, my beauty.

PH. Fire and fury ! How shall I slay thee, how? Give me a sword, Quick, quick, or else a damage-cessing tablet.°

Bp. Hang it, he meditates some dreadful deed.

pu. O no, I don’t: I only want to take And sell the donkey and his panniers too.

’Tis the new moon to-day.4

BD. And if it is, Cannot I sell them ? PH. Not so well as I. @ Some disreputable Athenian. > See |. 131. * See Introduction, p. 406. @ A special market-day.

421

ARISTOPHANES

BA. ped. Av’, GAN Gpewov. d.AAd. Tov dvov e€aye.

HA. olay mpopacw KabiKkev, ws eipwriKds, wv’ adbrov exmeprberas.

BA. aAN’ odK eomacev Tavry y * éya yap obopny TEXVWpLEVOV. GAN’ <toueby uot Tov ovov e&dyew SoKa, omws av é yepav pnde Tapaxvyy adAw. KavOwv, Tt KAdets ; ore Tempacet TTWEPOV ; Badile OGrrov. ti orévers, ct pn) PEpets ’Odvacéa rw’;

EA. dAAa vat pa Alia déper KdTw ‘ye Tovtovi tw” brodeduKOTa.

BA. mrotov; ep iowa.

BA. TOUTOVL. ‘ , BA. TouTl Ti Hv; ld > > > > ,

tis ef mot, @vOpwr’, ETEOV; #1. Odris v7) Aia. BA. Odris ov; modamds; : #1. "10akos / AroSpacurmisou.

BA. Odris pa tov AV od TL Xauprjowy ye ov. dpeAke OGrrov avrov. @ jLaparraros, i” droddduKcev: wor’ Emory’ ivddAderat dpovTatos KAnTiHpos «ivar mwAiw. #1. ef un p edocl” novyws, waxovpcba. BA. mepi Tod payel v@v Ofra; #1. mept dvov oKtas. BA. Trovnpos el méoppeo TEXVNS Kal mapdBoros. 1. éyd movnpds; od pa AV, add odK« olaba od

* Odysseus escaped from the cave of Polyphemus, to whom he had given his name as Odris (1. 184), by clinging to a ram’s belly. The donkey here has his stable just inside the hall-door.

422

BD. XA.

BD.

XA.

BD. XA. BD.

PH. BD. PH. BD.

PH. BD. PH. BD. PH.

THE WASPS, 173-193

No, but much better : drive the donkey out. How well and craftily he dropped the bait To make you let him through. But he caught nothing That haul at least, for I perceived the trick. But I will in, and fetch the donkey out. No, no; he shan’t come slipping through again.

Donkey, why grieve ? at being sold to-day ?

Gee up! why grunt and groan, unless you carry Some new Odysseus there ? 4 ) And, in good truth, Here 1s a fellow clinging on beneath. Who? where? Why, here. Why, what in the world is this ? Who are you, sirrah ? Noman I, by Zeus. Where from ? ?' From Ithaca, son of Runaway. Noman I promise to no good you'll be. Drag him out there from under. O the villain, © The place he had crept to! Now he seems to me The very image of a sompnour’s? foal. Come now, hands off : or you and I shall fight. Fight! what about? —. About a donkey’s shadow.° You're a born bad one, with your tricks and fetches. Bad! O my gracious ! then you don’t know yet

> R. thinks that «Ayrip may not only=“ one who calls or

summons to court,” but also be slang for a donkey = “‘ the caller,” from its bray.

¢ A man hired an ass to carry him from Athens to Megara,

but finding the sun hot sat down in its shadow, which the driver said did not belong to him, so that finally they went to Law about the “‘ donkey’s shadow.”

423

BA. 1. BA.

=2.

BA.

22. BA.

ARISTOPHANES

~ > 3 > ” > > 4 /

viv p’ ovr’ apiorov: aad’ tows, bray dayys droydetpiov yépovtos 7AvaoTiKod. He. tov dvov Kal cavTov eis THY oiKiaV.

> \ \ / > 7 ® Evvdicaorat Kal Kréwv, apdvare.

a / evdov Kexpaxbe THs Ovpas Kerhevoperns. abe av tmoAAods THv Aiwv Tos TV Ovpav, Kat Thy BdAavov éuBadr€ mdAw els TOV poxhov, Kal, TH SoK@ mpoobeis, Tov GAwov Tov péeyav dvvoas TL mpooKUrd yy’. oot dSetAatos*

/ > > / / \ / 700ev tot’ éuméntwKée por TO BwdAvov; ” + ~ 2 oF / / tows avwlev pts évéBadré ool ober.

“~ > A ”> > > € / / e ‘ pos; od pa. Av’, add’ drodudpevds tis odToat bm6 TOV KEepapidwy PAraoris dpodias. olor Kaodaipor, orpov0os avn ylyverat* EKTTIOETAL. mo ob ‘ort prot TO SiKTVOV; gov ood, madw ood. v1) A’? 7) ow KpetrTov Vv Tnpeiv Sieechivrih avert Tovrou 708 TmaTpos. dye vuv, ered TOUTOVL ceooBnKaper,

KouK él” émws Siadds a ov pas ert AdOou, Ti ovK arexomnOniev 6 doov daov oriAny ; adn’, & mévnp’, n&ovaw dAtyov Dorepov of Ew Sacral ‘mapaxadobvres TOUTOVL TOV TraTépa.

wi Aéyets ; adda, vov op8pos Baus. vn TOV A?’ F ope yoov GVEOTHKACL VOV. Ws aro péow vuKTa@v ye TapaKadoto’ dei, Avxvous € ExovTes Kat puvupilovtes meAn apxaopedawdwvodpuviyypara,

« “The stuffed paunch of an ass was eodouiten a delicacy at

Athens”: R.

424

—

21¢

21!

220

PH.

so.

BD.

so. BD.

THE WASPS, 194—220

How good I am: but wait until you taste The seasoned paunchlet of a prime old judge.* Get along in, you and your donkey too.

O help me, fellow-dicasts : help me, Cleon ! Bellow within there when the door is shut. Now pile a heap of stones against the door, And shoot the door-pin home into the bar, And heave the beam athwart it, and roll up, Quick, the great mortar-block.

. (Starting) Save us! what’s that ?

Whence fell that clod of dirt upon my head ? Belike some mouse dislodged it from above. A mouse? O, no, a rafter-haunting dicast, Wriggling about behind the tiling there.

. Good lack ! the man is changing to a sparrow

Sure he'll fly off : where, where’s the casting-net ? Shoo! shoo there! shoo! ’Fore Zeus, ’twere easier work

To guard Scione ® than a sire like this. Well but at last we have fairly scared him in, He cant slip out, he can’t elude us now, So why not slumber just a—just a—drop ? Slumber, you rogue ! when in a little while His fellow-justices will come this way Calling him up.

Why sir, tis twilight yet. Why then, by Zeus, they are very late to-day. Soon after midnight is their usual time To come here, carrying lights, and warbling tunes Sweet-charming-old-Sidono-Phrynichéan ¢

> Scione, on the peninsula of Pallene, was at the time closely besieged by a large Athenian force. : ¢ Lyrics from the Phoenissae of Phrynichus, published about

fifty-five years earlier.

425

=n.

BA.

=e

ARISTOPHANES

ois exxadobvTat TovTov. | ovkobv, Hv Sén, a , 718n mor’ adrovs Tots AiBous BadAjooper. > Ay? > , \ Z ” > , GAN’, & movnpe, TO yevos Hv Tis opyton TO TOV yepovtTwr, €o0” Suowv opnKid. 4 éxovot yap Kat Kévtpov ex Ths dodtos 2 o€vratov, @ Kevtodot, Kal KEeKpayoTes modo. Kat BadArovaw womep perbadot. \ 7 r Se > A Nib: ” Ln ppovtions: éav éyad AiBouvs Exw, ToMdv Siucactav odynKiay SvacKkeda.

XOPOX. xuspet, mpoBaw’ éppwevws. & Ketia, Bpadvyets ; 2

| |

pa tov A’, od pévrou mpd Tod y’, GAN Ho ina KUVELOS* vuvt S¢ Kpeirrwv éott cod Xapwadys Badilew. & Urpupddwpe KovOvacb, BéAtvore ovvdtxaorav, Evepyidns dp’ €or rov ’vrab0’», 7 XaBys 6 DAveds ; a , mapead’, 6 81) Aourdv y’ ér” éoriv, damamat mamad€ , 2 Ld > / tay A UA / ~ 7Bys exelvns, Hvik’ ev Bulavtiw Evvfpev poupobvr ey Te Kal ov* KaTa mepiTaTovvTE vUKTWwp Tis aptoTuAWos Aabdvr’ éxreapev Tov SApov, ro , Ka’ ibopwev Tob KopKdpou, KatacxioavTes adTOV. 2\\> > “ > » , Bi. 2 adn’ eykovdmev, dvdpes, ds €orar Aaynre vovi-. aipBrov dé dact ypnudrwv éxew aravres adrov.

«They are dressed up to resemble Wasps, armed with formidable stings”: R.

» For the capture of Byzantium in 478 see Thue. i. 94. '

* Sent with 20 ships to Sicily in 427, but recalled two years later, and probably accused by Cleon of peculation,

426

BD.

so.

THE WASPS, 221-241

Wherewith they call him out.

And if they come, Had we not better pelt them with some stones ? Pelt them, you rogue! you might as well provoke A nest of wasps as anger these old men. Each wears beside his loins a deadly sting,* Wherewith they smite, and on with yells and cries They leap, and strike at you, like sparks of fire. Tut, never trouble, give me but some stones, I'll chase the biggest wasps-nest of them all.

cHorus. Step out, step out, my comrades stout :

no loitering, Comias, pound along, You're shirking now, you used, I vow, to pull as tough as leathern thong, Yet now, with ease, Charinades can walk a brisker pace than you. Ho! Strymodore of Conthylé, the best of all our dicast crew, Has old Euergides appeared, and Chabes too from Phlya, pray ? Ah! here it strains, the poor remains, alas! alas! alack the day,

Of that mad set, I mind it yet,

when once we paced our nightly round, In years gone by, both youand I, along Byzantium’s wall, and found And stole away the baker’s tray, and sliced it up, and chopped it well, ‘A merry blaze therewith to raise, and so we cooked our pimpernel. On, on again, with might and main : for Laches’ ¢ turn is come to-day : Quick, look alive, a splendid hive of wealth the fellow’s got, they say. 427

TIAIS.

ARISTOPHANES

x05 obv KAdwv 6 kndenov iptv edeir” ev wpa

qKew €xovras ywepGv dpynv tpi@v movnpav

> en adrov, ws KoAwpéevous dv Hdiknoev. aAAa

oTrevowpev, MvOpes TAuKEs, Tplv Huepav yeveaOat, 245

ywpOpev, dua Te TH AVxvw wavTn SiackoT@pev. /, , > A ¢ ~ / ,

pn tov AlOwy Tis EuTrodwv Huds Kakdv TL Spaon.

Tov mAdv, @ matep maTeEp, TovTovi PvdAakar.

Kdphos xapabev vuv AaBwv rov Avxvov mpoBvaor.

ok, GAAG TwWdt pot SoKD Tov Adyvov mpoBdcew. 250

ti 81) pabav TH SaxtvAw THv OpvadrrAs’ wOeis, \ ~ b) / / Se fF

Kal tadra tovAaiov omavilovtos, wmvdnte; > \ / > oe / , /

od yap ddxvet o°, Orav dé€n Tiywov mpiacbat.

ei vi) AV adfis KovdvAots vovbericcl’ auas,

> / \ / ” ” > > / amooBéoavres Tovs A’XVoUS AmTYyLEV OLKAD adToi* 255

KaTeiT tows ev TH oKOTM ToVvTOVL oTEepybels Tov mAcov wWomep atrayas tupBdoets Badilwr.

4 > A ~ > / / / h pv eyed) ood xarépous peilovas KoAdlw.

428

@ Soldiers commonly carried three days’ rations.

THE WASPS, 242-258

_ And Cleon too, our patron true, enjoined us each betimes to bring Of anger sore an ample store, a good three days’ provisioning ¢ : On all the man’s unrighteous plans a vengeance well-deserved to take. Come, every dear and tried compeer, come, quickly come, ere morning break, And as you go, be sure you throw the light around on every side ; Lest somewhere nigh a stone may lie, and we therefrom be damnified. poy. O father, father, here’s some mud ! look sharp or in you'll go. cu. Pick up a stick, and trim the wick, a better light to show. Boy. Nay, father, with my finger, thus, I choose to trim the lamp. cu. How dare you rout the wick about, you little wasteful scamp, And that with oil so scarce ? but no, it don’t disturb your quiet, However dear the oil may be, when I have got to buy it. Boy. If with your knuckles once again you ’monish us, I swear We'll douse the light, and take to flight, and leave you floundering there. Then wading on without the lamp in darkness, I’ll be bound You'll stir and splash the mud about, like snipes in marshy ground. cu. Ah, greater men than you, my boy, *tis often mine to beat.

429

ARISTOPHANES

dA’ odtoat pou BopBopos datverar marobvTt* ~ / ‘ a KovK 200 Srrws ody hepa@v TeTTApwv TO TAcioTOV Ad > / ” A A A bdwp dvayxaiws €xe Tov Oeov mrovpoa. ~ a / Exrevar yoov Totaw Avxvois odTOUL pUKNTES* a ~ a ‘ 7 direct 8°, Stav robr’ 7, moveiy verov padvora.

a \ ‘ cant / a em a Seirar S€ Kal TOV KapTipwy arTa pH “oT mpPaa WA / > ~ / > a vdwp yevéoOar Kamumveboar Bopevov adrots.

, BD PD ¢ ~ EF cod ‘ Tl xpi ap’ odK Ths oikias Thode ovvdiKaoTHS

mérrovev, cis ob daivera Sedpo mpds Td 7AH0os;

268

od piv mpd Tod y’ efodKds Hv, GAAA 7pOros jpadv

¢ re em) ” / A / > (me! nyetr av adwv Dpvvixov’ Kat yap €oTw avnp dilwdds. aAdrd por Soxet ordvras evOdd’, dvdpes, 7 ass > a 2 , A adovras adrov éxxadeiv, Hv Ti THs aKovaas

Tovpod peAovs bf’ Hdovis Epr¥an Ovpate.

, > > \ ~ ti mot od mpo Oupdv

270

[ozp.

/ > ” > 1 ee! ¢ , 9Q> ¢ , daiver’ ap’ hiv 6 yépwv odd vmaKkover;

pav amoAwAeKke Tas

euBddas, 7) mpoceKoy

275

* For this sign of rain ef. Virg. Georg. i. 391 * testa quum

ardente viderent | scintillare oleum, et putres concrescere fur where fungos exactly corresponds to pixyres “ mushrooms.”

430

THE WASPS, 259-275

But, bless me, this is filth indeed I feel beneath my feet : Ay, and within four days from this, or sooner, it is plain, God will send down upon our town a fresh supply of rain : So dense and thick around the wick these thieves collect and gather,? And that’s, as everybody knows, a sign of heavy weather. Well, well, ’tis useful for the fruits, and all the backward trees, To have a timely fall of rain, and eke a good North breeze. But how is this? Our friend not here ! ees how comes it he’s so slack ? By Zeus, he never used to be at all a hanger-back. He always marched before us all, on legal cares intent, And some old tune of Phrynichus | he warbled as he went. O he’s a wonder for the songs ! . Come, comrades, one and all, Come stand around the house, and sing, its master forth to call. If once he hears me tuning up, = I know it won’t be long Before he comes creep, creeping out, from pleasure at the song.

How is it our friend is not here to receive us ? Why comes he not forth from his dwelling ? Can it be that he’s had the misfortune to lose

’ His one pair of shoes ; 431

TIAIS.

XO.

432

ARISTOPHANES

ev TO oKoTe Tov daxtvAdv tov

[708és,] eit’ epreypyvev

TO apupov yepovros ovTos;

Kal Tay av BovBeridn.

pay mond Spyswrardos y Vy Tov Tap hiv, Kal [ovos | ovK av émeiler’,

GAN’ omd7” av Bodoin

Tis, KaTwW KUTTwWY av OUTW,

* riOov expeis,”” Edevyev. 2

2s

Taxa 5 dv dua Tov [avr.

x Olivo dvOpwrov, 6 ds Has Svedver

eLamaray, 6 Acyov

os. prrabryvatos yy

Kal Tay Ldapw TpO@TOS KATELTOL,

dua Tob7T” ddvvnbeis

eit” lows KelTau TUpETT ON,

€oTl yap Tovovros avi"p. 2 Gdn’, dyal’, dvioraco pnd ovrw oeavTov

a aPee, pnd ayavaKrec.

kal yap avip maxds HKEt

TOv mpodsvtwy tant Opakns*

Ov Omws eyxuTptets. :

¢ 24 a ¢ j UTTay », W TAL, UTAVE.

eBeAnoets Ti joe obv, @ [ozp. marEp, a cov tu denIO; mavu y’, @ madtov. Gard’ e- \ / , /

me ti BovAcr pe mpiacbat

, /, > > a“ > KaAdv; oluat 5é o° epeiv a-

tAovs Symovbev, [a mat.

otpaydAous Simovbev, [@ mat.

BOY.

THE WASPS, 276-296

Or striking his toe in the dark, by the grievous Contusion is lamed, and his ankle inflamed ? Or his groin has, it may be, a swelling. He of us all, I ween,

Was evermore the austerest, and most keen. Alone no prayers he heeded : Whene’er for grace they pleaded,

He bent (like this) his head, You cook a stone, he said.

Is it all of that yesterday’s man who cajoled us, And slipped through our hands, the deceiver, Pretending a lover of Athens to be, Pretending that he Was the first, of the Samian rebellion ¢ that told us ? Our friend may be sick with disgust at the trick, And be now lying ill of a fever. That would be like him quite. But now up, up, nor gnaw your soul with spite There comes a traitor base, A wealthy rogue from Thrace.? Safe in our toils we’ve got him, Up, up, old friend, and pot him !

On with you, boy, on with you.

Father, if a boon I pray,

Will you grant it, father, eh ? Certainly I will, my son.

Tell me what you’d have me buy. Dibs, my son? Hey, my son? — Dibs it is, undoubtedly.

«The Revolt of Samos in 440 which for a moment im- perilled the whole fabric of Athenian power”: R.

> Where the Spartan general Brasidas was at the time causing great trouble. ¢ Lit. ‘* knuckle-bones.”

VOL. I QF 433

MAIS.

XO.

TIALS. xO.

TIAIS.

xo.

TIAIS.

xo.

TIAIS.

#1.

ARISTOPHANES

pa A’, add ioxddas, @ mam- mia* yOuov yap. ovK av A > > /, , > e a pa AV, ed Kpeuaobe y’ dpets. , pa A’? od rdpa mpotrepysw oe 7d AouTov. lol ~ / amo yap Tovdé pe TOD pwobapiov a ‘ tpirov adrov éxew aAdura Set Kat Evra Kwrpov- \ \ ~ , > > a od d€ odka p airets.

> dye vuv, & TaTEp, HY py [avr.

TO SuKAOTHpLOY apYwv Kabion viv, 7o0ev wvn- , en ” > cope? apiotov; exes €A- mida xpnoTiy Twa va@v 7 /, ov ¢ / mopov “EXAas tepov; amamat, ded, aramat, ped, \ np > ” ~ SQ? pa A’ otk éywye vay ofd omd0ev ye Seimvov €orat. / a 9 Se /, ~ ” Ti pe ONT, @ perea pATEp, ETLKTES, > \ iv’ euolt mpaypatra BooKkew rapéxys; avovytov ap ® OvddKidv o° el- xov dyadua. va 0 é€ é. , a / mdpa vay orevalew.

diror, THKOMaL pev / \ ~ > ~ mdAat dua THS Ooms

« The boy uses wépos in the sense of resource, and then “ goes on humming some well-known words of Pindar in which mépov

means a ford, ‘ the sacred ford of Helle’ ”: R.

434

|

THE WASPS, 296-317

BOY. Dibs, my father! No, my father! Fies ! for they are sweeter far. CH. You be hanged first : yet you shall not

Have them, monkey, when you are. Boy. Then, my father, woe betide you ! Not another step I'll guide you. CH. Is it not enough that I With this paltry pay must buy Fuel, bread, and sauce for three ?

Must I needs buy figs for thee !

BOY. Father, if the Archon say That the Court won’t sit to-day.

Tell me truly, father mine, Have we wherewithal to dine ? O my father, should not we Then in “ Straits of Helle ”’ * be ?

CH, Out upon it! out upon it ! Then, indeed, I should not know For a little bit of supper Whither in this world to go.

Boy. Why, my mother, didst thou breed me,

giving nothing else to feed me,?

But a store of legal woe ?

CH. Empty scrip ! O empty show, Bootless, fruitless ornament ! BOY. O! O! woe! woe!

Ours to sorrow and lament,

PH. (Appearing above) Long my reins have been stirred, Long through chinks have I heard,

> A parody of a Opivos from the Theseus of Euripides spoken . by boys sent to be food for the Minotaur. 435

—

ARISTOPHANES

a

tudv braxotvwv. > \ \ 2 el > aAAa yap ody olds T ; el doew. Ti toijow; i Tnpodwar 8 bd Tavs’, erel 4 Bovropai ye mara pe” B- 32 pav eAbav emi tods Kadi- okoUs KaKOV TL TOLHoAL. GAN’, & Zeb peyaBpovra, %] pe Toinoov Kamvov eaidyns, y Ulpogevidnv, 7 Tov LeAAov 32 robrov Tov wevdaudpatur. ToAunoov, avat, yapicacbai jou, maQos oikreipas* ” ~ lA 7 we Kepavv@ diatwlaréw omddtoov TayEews* ” > > /, > > , Kamer aveAdy pw’ amodvanoas 33 eis d€dAunv euBadre Oepyjv: *”“ ~ / / 27? 7 Ofnta AiBov pe troincov éd’ ob Tas xowpivas apiOuodow. XO. tis yap eof 6 Tatra o° elpywy [orp. KatokAeiwv TH Ovpa; AcE- ov* mpos edvous yap Ppdaets. 33 $1. ovpos vids. GAA pr Bodre* Kal yap Tvyxaver ¢ \ / uA > 77 ~ / ovtoat mpoabev Kabeddwv. add’ vdeobe Tod Tovov. A“ > »” c , ~ = 4, xo. Tod 3° édeEw, & pdrase, radra Spay oe BovAerar; tiva mpdopaciv tT éxwv; #1. ovK €G p.’, Wvdpes, Suxdlew odd Spav oddev KaKOV, 34 iAA / > > a a / > > a > ‘ 3” > 5A adda pn” ebwyetv Erourds €at’* eye 5’ od BovAopat.

* An empty blusterer, ¢f. B. 1126.

» Aeschines, cf. 459, 1243, another empty boaster; “ the tree-vine is adopted as his emblem, because of the prodigious splutter it makes while burning”: R. ! .

436

CH.

PH.

CH.

PH.

THE WASPS, 318-341

Heard your voices below. Vain my efforts to sing, These forbid me to go. Vainly my sad heart yearns, Yearns to be marching with you, On to the judgement urns, There some mischief to do. O change to smoke by a lightning stroke, Dread-thundering Zeus ! this body of mine, Till I’m like Proxenides,? like the son Of Sellus,® that false tree-vine. O Sovereign, pity my woeful lot, Vouchsafe to grant me my heart’s desire, Fry me in dust with a glittering, hot, Red bolt of celestial fire, Then take me up with thy hand divine, And puff me, and plunge me in scalding brine. Or turn me into the stone, whereon They count the votes when the trial is done. Who is he that thus detains you? Who with bolted door restrains you ? Tell us, you will speak to friends. "Tis my son, but don’t be bawling : for he’s slumbering now at ease There, upon the roof before you : drop your tone a little, please. What’s his object, idle trifler, that he does such things as these? What’s the motive he pretends ? He will let me do no mischief, and no more a lawsuit try. True it is he'll feast and pet me, but with that I won’t comply.

437

XO.

#1.

xo.

$1.

Xo.

$l.

ARISTOPHANES

Toor’ _eroAune” 6 puapos xa- / vely 6 Anpodoyorhéwy 08’, Ort Ayers ov

~ > / | Ti wept TOV vedv adnbeés.

> A av > Ky e*4 ' od yap av 708 otros avnp ' Toor’ eToAunoev Aéyew, et BH Suvwporns Tus Vv. 34

dn’ ex ToUTwY Wpa TWd oot CnTreiv Kaw emivouay,

WTIs 0 oe Adbpa TavOpos TOVOL karaBivac Sedpo TOUNGEL.

tis av obv ein; Cnreil? dpyeis, ws wav av éywye Tovoiny *

ovTw KiTTd Sia TOV cavidwy jeTa youpivyns mepueAetv.

éotw on 70’ apr’ av evdobev ofds 7” eins SuopvEar, 35

clr” éxdbvar paxeow Kpudbeis, Womep moAvuntis

’Odvocers ; /, > ” | ee 29? > / mavTa Téeppaktat KovK EoTW Ooms ovd el oephw diaddvac. GAN dAdo te Set Cnreiv buds dmiav 8 odK Eore yeveobar. / ay 9) ae ak a“ / \ ‘ pépvnoa 670°, dr emt otpatiads KAepas more TOUS dBeAioKous @ A \ ~ / 7, id / leis GavTov KaTa TOD Teiyous Taxéws, OTe Nd€os édAw; 35 > > ‘ / a > 29O\ A yen ee) ‘ > Ud old’* dada. ti robr’; + oddev yap Tobr’ early exeivw Tpooojovov. hd \ > / / ” 4 > bara 7Pwv yap Kadvvdynv Krértew, layvov tT adros ewavuTod,

Kovddels p” epvdAarr’, add’ e&fv. pou

* The dicasts so call Bdelycleon in their anger, forgetting that the “ obnoxious nickname suits their patron Cleon better”: R. » * Lists or notice-boards of the Court, probably sispeated

438

THE WASPS, 342-358

CH. This the Demagogcleon @ blared Out against you, since you dared Truth about the fleet to show. He must be involved, I see, In some dark conspiracy, Else he durst not use you so. It is time some means of escape to find, some novel, ingenious plan, that so, Unseen of your son, you may get you down, alighting in safety here below. pu. O what shall it be ? consider it ye ! I’m ready to do whatever is planned : So sorely I’m longing a circuit to go, through the lists ° of the Court, with a vote in my hand. cu. Can you find no cranny or secret run, through which, from within, your path to urge, And then like wily Odysseus, here, disguised in tatters and rags,° emerge ? pu.- Each cranny is barred : there’s never a run, thro’ which though it were but a midge could squeeze. You must think, if you can, of a likelier plan : I can’t run out like a runnet cheese. cu. O don’t you remember the old campaign, when you stole the spit, and let yourself down, And away by the side of the wall you hied? "Twas when we had captured Naxos town.@ pu. Ah, well I remember! but what of that ? it is quite another affair to-day. For then I was young, and then I could steal, and over myself I possessed full sway. And then none guarded my steps, but I in some part of the building, along which the dicasts passed to record their votes”: R. ¢ Such as Odysseus wore when he ventured into beleaguered Troy ; ¢f. Hom. Od. iv. 245. 4 In 476; cf. Thue. i. 98. 439

a

ARISTOPHANES

devyew adeds. viv de Edy drdAots avdpes omAtrar dvara€dpevot Kata Tas dudd0vs oKoTUWpodrTat, tw 5¢ dW adrdv emt traitor Odipais @omep pe yadhv Kpéa Kréyacav Tnpovow éxovr’ dBeAicKous. XO. GAAa Kal viv éxmdpile avT. Lnxaviy omws taxol’: €- ws ydp, © peXirrvov. #1. duatpayeiv Toivyy Kpatiotov eoti por TO Sixruvov. 4 Sé pou Aixruvva ovyyv@pnv Exou Tod Suxrvov. xo. Tadra pev mpos dvBpds €or avovTos €s owTnpiav. GAN’ Erraye rH yvabov. - 3i #1. duatérpwKta TooTS y’. dAdAa pr) Bodre undapdas, adda. Typdpect”, omrws p47) BdeAvKAgwv atoByjeras. xo. pander, @ Tay, bedu0e,, pn dev: ws eyw Tobrov y’, eav ypv- En TL, Tow- ow dakeiy Tv Kapdiay Kal 3 Tov Tept wuyfs Spduov dpa- petv, wy’ €idH pu) mately Ta tai Oeaiv ymdiopara. GAN’ é&dipas dua THs Oupidos 7d Kadwd.0v elra Kabipwa Sijcas cavrov Kal riv yuynv eumdAnodwevos Avo-

meiOous.

a

3!

* ie. Artemis. The name is here clearly connected with dixrvov ; elsewhere with Mt. Dicte in Crete.

. They formerly (1. 345) charged him with being a traitor; now they will accuse him of “ violating the mysteries ” (of Demeter 440

CH.

PH.

CH.

PH.

CH.

THE WASPS, 359-380

Was free, wherever I chose, to fly ; Whilst now, in every alley and street, Armed men with arms are stationed about, Watching with care that I steal not out. And there at the gate you may see those two Waiting with spits to spit me through, Like a cat that is running away with the meat. Well but now be quickly shaping Some contrivance for escaping ; Morning breaks, my honey-bee. Then the best that I can think of, is to gnaw these meshes through. May Dictynna,* queen of hunters, pardon me the deed I do. Spoken like a man whose efforts will salvation’s goal ensue. Ply your jaw then lustily. There, I’ve gnawn them through completely —Ah! but do not raise a shout, We must use the greatest caution, lest Bdelycleon find us out. Fear not: fear not : if he speak, He shall gnaw his heart, and seek For his life to run amain. We will quickly make him learn Nevermore again to spurn Th’ holy statutes of the Twain.” So now to the window lash the cord, and twine it securely your limbs around. With all Diopeithes ¢ fill your soul, then let yourself cleverly down to the ground.

and Persephone) but, having a legal mind, substitute Yygicuara for MuoTI pla.

¢ i.e. with a fine frenzy like that of the soothsayer Diopeithes;

for whom ¢f. K, 1085, B. 988.

44]

ol.

xo.

$1.

xo.

$l.

BA. =n. BA. =n.

442

ARISTOPHANES

” ” > , , aS ..% dye vuv, nv aicbopevw tovtw Cynrirov pw éoKxa- Aapacbar > \ lal ” , , / KavaoTacTov Tovey elow, TL mounceTe; ppalere pov. > ~ / ‘ / \ Ad / dpvvobpev cou Tov mpwwdn Ovuov amavres Kade- oavTes, a > > / > ” om” lol v3 wor ot duvatov o° eipyew EoTra* Tovadra Tow- comev Hers. / U Cc aA / \ / > ” Spdow totlvuv byuiv movvos* Kat wavOdver’s Hv Te

ma0w "yo, 385 > , \ , A , th, 2 \ “a aveAdvres Kat KatakAavoavtes Oeivai py’ bo Totat dpudaxrois.

ovder treiaeu* pndev delons. add’, d BeArvote, Kabler cavtov Oappdv Kamevédpevos rotor matpdoror

Oeotow. > , , , ¢ eo. 2 A & Avxe d€or70T4, yeitwv pws: od yap olomep éyw Kexdpyoar, a 7, ~ , 924) ‘ a“ Tois Sdaxptovow Tadv devydvTwy del Kal Tots oroduppois * 390 ” ~ : Smeg 2A > AQ? ¢ F ar | wKnoas yobv eémitndes iwv evtadl?, wa tadr aKpo@o, ; > , / e 4 A \ LA KaBovanOns pdvos Hpwwv mapa tov KAdovTa Kabjobat.

€A€noov Kat o@aov vuvi Tov cavtTobd tAnawWywpov: Kod 1} moTé cov Tapa Tas Kdvvas ovpyow pnd amroTrapow. obros, éyelpou. Ti TO mpayp ; LA , , > , worep Pavy me Tis eyKeK’KAWTAL. 395 7 ¢ av 6 yépwv mm Sdiadds €dabev;

PH.

CH.

PH.

THE WASPS, 381-396

But suppose they catch me suspended here, and hoist me up by the line again, And angle me into the house once more, say what ye will do to deliver me then. Our hearts of oak we’ll summon to aid, and all give battle at once for you. *Twere vain to attempt to detain you more : such wonderful feats we are going to do. This then will I do, confiding in you : and if anything happens to me, I implore That you take me up and bewail my fate, and bury me under the court-house floor.

cu. O nothing, nothing will happen to you:

PH.

BD

so. BD. so.

keep up, old comrade, your heart and hope ; First breathe a prayer to your father’s gods : then let yourself down by the trusty rope.

‘O Lycus,* neighbour and hero and lord !

thou lovest the selfsame pleasures as I; Day after day we both enjoy the suppliant’s tears and his wailing cry. Thou camest here thine abode to fix, on purpose to listen to sounds so sweet, The only hero of all that deigns by the mourner’s side to assume his seat : O pity thine old familiar friend : O save me and succour me, Power Divine ! And never again will I do my needs by the osier matting that guards thy shrine. Get up, get up.? Why, what’s in the wind ? Some voice seems circling me round and round. Is the old man slipping away thro’ a hole ?

@ * The patron hero of all the Athenian dicasteries ; ¢f.819”: R. -» B, suddenly reappears and wakes up the slumbering slaves.

4A3

ARISTOPHANES

BA. pa A’? od S97, dAdAa Kalua abdrov SHoas. > / , a > A /, x0. @ puapwrare, Ti movets; od pn KataPyoe;

3S. > eA A A & 2s ‘ a BA. avdBaw® avtoas Kata Ti érépay Kat Tatow

duAddou trate, ' qv mws mptuvnv avakpovonta mAnyels tats

elpeawwvais. ; e1. o¥ EvdAAnjbeoO domdco.o. Sikar THTEs peAAovowW — éocobat, ) ® Yukvhiwy kat Trowddn Kal Xphywv kat Depédeimrve;

ld > > \ ~ > / , / > ” mote 5, ef pur) viv, emapr€eré wot, mpiv pp elow parAdrAov dyeobar; > /, / / al > y A / xO. elmé pot, Ti peAopev Kwetv exeivynv THY xoAny, ~ , A qvmep, Hix av Tis Huadv opyion THY opynKiav; vov exelvo viv éxeivo orp. 40 Tovévbupov, @ Kodalo- l Rie ae es peoba, Kévtpov evrérarat o€v. > \ > / / e /, / GAAa Oaiwaria AaBovres ws TaxLoTa, maLdia, Oeire Kat Bodre, kat KAdwv tatr’ ayyédrere, Kal Kedever adrov Hkew 41 e > 3 + 5 / A Ws én avdpa piadmoAw dvTa KamoAovpevov, OTe / /, > / Tovde Adyov ciodéper, 4 \ A /, / [as xp7)] pr duxdlew Sixas. S / \ ~ eine 7 > > \ A ¥ BA. Wyaloi, TO mpayp’ axovoat’, aAAa py) KEKpayeTe. 41 xo. v7) At’ eis tov odpavev y’. ¢ AQ? > A > / BA. ws Todd eyd od peOjoopar.

* Or “ harvest-wreath,” hanging about the door; ef. K, 729. 444

THE WASPS, 396-416

Bp. No, by Zeus, but he lets himself dow n to the ground Tied on to the rope. so. You infamous wretch ! what, won’t you be quiet and not come down? Bp. Climb up by the other window-sill, and wallop him well with the harvest crown. I warrant he'll speedily back stern first, when he’s thrashed with the branch of autumnal fruits.2 pu. Help! help! all those whoever propose this year to busy themselves with suits. Smicythion, help ! Tisiades, help ! Pheredeipnus, Chremon, the fray begin : _O now or never assist your friend, before I’m carried away within cu. Wherefore slumbers, wherefore slumbers, that resentment in our breast, Such as when a rash assailant dares provoke our hornets-nest ? Now protruding, now protruding, Comes the fierce and dreadful sting, Which we wield for punishing. Chlesen, hold these garments for us : then away with all your speed, Shout and run and baw] to Cleon, tell him of this direful deed ; Bid him quickly hither fly _ As against a city-hater, And a traitor doomed to die, One who actually proposes That we should no lawsuits try. Bp. Listen, worthy sirs, to reason : goodness ! don’t keep screaming so. cH. Scream! we'll scream as high as heaven. BD. I don’t intend to let him go.

445

ARISTOPHANES

A ~ b] > , xo. Tatra dir’ od Sewd Kal tupavvis eorw eudavys; @ modus Kat Mewpov BeoicexOpia, ~ / Kel Tis GAXos mpodornKkev budv Kodak. ca s HA. ‘HpdkdAews, Kat Kevtp’ exovow. ody opds, @ d€om70Ta; 421 / BA. ols y’ amwAcoav Didiarov év Sixn tov Topyiov. ~ MD xo. Kal o€ y’ abOis e€ododuev: GAN’ das éemiatpede ~ > , A , Le oa : ee ¢ dedpo Kakeipas TO Kévtpov er’ én’ adrov teao, , ” > ~ A td > /, Evotadeis, evTaKTos, dpyfs Kal wévous epmrAjpevos, ws av ed «(6H TO Aourov ophvos olov wpyicev. 42, ~ , ‘ ” A > > 4, ZA. TodTo pevToe Sewov dn vy At’, et paxyotpcba: € av > 2 A ear , ‘ 2 , ws €ywy atvtav opdv dédouxa Tas eyKevtpioas. xo. GAN’ adie rov avdp’. ef 5é pH, dp” eyds Tas xeAwvas paxapiety oe Tod Sépuaros. #1. eld vv, @ Evvdicaoral, odijkes d€vKdpd.ot, 431 ¢ A > \ \ > ~ > , > > Ol pev els TOV mpwKTov adtadv elatétea!” wpyr- opevot, of d¢ tHdbadud *v KiKAw Kevteire Kal Tods 7, daxtvAous.

BA. ® Mida cai Dpdé Borjber Seipo cai Macvrtia,

@ See Index. >“ The hundred Kohaxes who fluttered about ae the chief mpoorarns of the populace”: R. ¢ Unknown.

446

cH,

Pi.

BD.

THE WASPS, 417-433

These be frightful things to see ! This is open Tyranny ! Rouse the State ! Rouse the great God-abhorred — Sneak Theorus @! And whoe’er ® Else is there, Fawning lord _ Ruling o’er us.

. Heracles! they’ve stings beside them !

Master master, don’t you see?

. Ay, which slew the son of Gorgias,

Philip,° with their sharp decree. You we'll also slay directly ! Wheel about him, every one, Draw your stings, and, all together, in upon the fellow run. Close your ranks, collect your forces, brimming full of rage and hate, He shall know the sort of wasps-nest he has dared to irritate. Now with such as these to combat is, by Zeus, a serious thing : Verily I quake and tremble, but to look upon their sting.

. Let him go! —_ Loose your hold !

If youdon’t I declare You shall bless Tortoise-backs For the shells = Which they wear. On then, on, my fellow-dicasts, brother wasps of heart severe, Some fly in with angry buzzings, and attack them in the rear, Some surround them in a ring, and both their eyes and fingers sting. Ho there! Midas! Phryx! Masyntias ! hither ! hither! haste to me!

447

ARISTOPHANES :

a , Kat AdBeobe rovrovi Kat pt) weOAobe pndevi- > \ , > / , 2ON > 7 = et dé pun, "vy médats Traxelats oddev aploTHOETE. 43 ws €yw moAAdv akovoas oda Opiwy tov yodov. xo. ef dé pt) TodTov pcOjoeis, év TL Got Taynoerat. #1. & Kéxpoys tpws avaé, ra mpdos 1odav Apaxovtidn, ~ ° 2. Wete'n & ~ / am mepiopas ovTw pe vm avdpa@v BapBapwv xeupov- peevov, ovs eyw “didaka KAdew rértap’ és TV yxolWwiKa; 44 xo. elra dir’ od moAN’ Eveote Sewa TH yypa Kaka; 5 r 8 / A ~ 14 A aA \ 8 / nrady* Kat viv ye TovTw Tov maAatdv SeomdTHy ‘ , lot 29OA ~ , / mpos Piav xetpodow, oddev TOY mdaAa peuvnrevor Sipbepdv KaEwuidwv, ds otros adbrots Hoda, A ~ ‘ \ / ~ a > , Kal Kuvds, Kal Tods 7ddas yeyw@vos dvTos WdhéeAEL, 44 ¢ Ae a etc > SS A-U , We Bor? WOTE Ln pry@v y Exdarot * ada Tovrots yy’ odK Eve 00d’ ev dfbaduotow aides THv madaav éuPadwv. #1. ov adijoes ovd€ vuvi uw’, @ KdKvoTov Onpiov; 999 9 \ 7p? ¢€ \ \ / / , odd’ avapvnobeis 60’ edpav Tods Botpus KAemTOVTE GE

‘ \ \ ah 7 +f 7 > > > nn mpocayaywv mpos THv eAdav e€édeup’ ed KavopLKOs, 45

* The cracking and bouncing of fig-leaves when burning was used, says the Scholiast, proverbially in reference to empty threats and bluster.

» The legendary founder of Athens, shaped in the lower part like a serpent, and sometimes said to have sprung from a dragon’s teeth.

¢ Lit. “‘ quartern loaves, four to the choenix ’’: the Scholiast notes that four big loaves went to the Choenix but eight small ones.

4 éuBddwv is a surprise for decrorar.

448

PH.

PH.

THE WASPS, 434-450 Take my father, guard him safely :

suffer none to set him free 3 Else you both shall lunch off nothing, clapped in fetters strong and stout. There’s a sound of many fig-leaves (well I know it) buzzed about. This shall stand infixed within you if you will not let him go. Mighty Cecrops®! King and hero! Dragon-born and -shaped below, Wilt thou let these rude barbarians vex and maul me at their pleasure, Me who heretofore have made them weep in full imperial measure ¢ ? Truly, of abundant evils, age is evermore the source:

Only see how these two scoundrels

hold their ancient lord perforce, Clean forgetting how, aforetime, he their daily wants supplied, Bought them little sleeveless jackets, bought them caps and coats of hide, Clean forgetting all the kindness shown their feet in wintry weather, How from chill and cold he kept them : ah! but these have altogether Banished from their eyes the reverence owing to those dear old brogues.4 Won’t you even now unhand me, shameless villain, worst of rogues ? When the grapes I caught you stealing, O remember, if you can, How I tied you to the olive, and I flogged you like a man,

VOL, I 2a 449

ARISTOPHANES

> , > »* wate ae CndAwrov civar, od 8 adxdprotos hol” apa. > 2 B \ A \ 4 \ \ e\ > ~ GAN’ dves pe Kal od Kal ov, mplv Tov viov exdpapeiv. a \ a XO. GAA TovTwr pev Tay’ Hutv SdoeTov Kadjv SiKny, > | a a / ¢ 3 29 Af? / > 2 > ~ , ovKeT és waKkpar, Ww’ €idn0 ofdv €or’ avdp@v tpomos > /, \ , \ / / dEv0upwv Kal Sucaiwy Kat BrerovTwy Kdpdapa. 4) a a — a ‘ a a. F BA. mate mal’, & Havbia, rods offfkags amo Tis oiKias. ZA. dAAa dp robr’. BA. GAAa Kal od Tide TOAAG TH KaTrVvg. odxi cobalt’, odk és Képaxas; ovK amiTe; mate tT EVAW. Kat avd mpoobeis Aicyivyy etude tov YedAapriov. sn. dp’ éuéAAopev rol” buds adrocoBjcew TH ypovw; 4 . dp? euéMop pas dnocoPiaew 7 xpsver; > \ \ > € Ld BA. GAdd pa A’ od padiws ottws av adrovs diedvyes, ” ” ~ ~ a , elep Ervxov TOV peAdv Tav DiroKdEovs BeBpw- KOTES. xo. dpa 877’ obk adra dda [avr. Tois mévnow, 7 TuUpavvis ws Adbpa y’ eAdvOav’ tmotoa; 4 > / > el ov y’, ® Tovm Tovynpe Kal KounTrapuvia, ~ / ~ TOV vopwwv Huds ateipyers Gv COnkev 4 mods, ovTe Tw éxwv mpodacw

*“ Here B. suddenly issues from the house, followed by Xanthias and Sosias, the former armed with a stick, the latter carrying an apparatus for smoking-out wasps”: R.

> Cf. 325 n.

° A tragic poet of the day, so bitter that he was nicknamed xoAH, ** gall.’

4 Long hair was considered a mark of aristocratic insolence, and also of sympathy with the long-haired and bearded (ef. 476) Spartans. Amynias was notorious for his (¢f. 1267).

450

CH.

BD.

so.

BD.

THE WASPS, 451-468

So that all beheld with envy : but a grateful soul you lack ! Oh, unhand me, you, and you, at once, before my son come back. But a famous retribution ye for this shall undergo, One that will not lag nor linger ; so that ye betimes shall know, Know the mood of angry-tempered, righteous, mustard-glancing men. Beat them, Xanthias,* from the door-way ; beat the wasps away again.

. That I will, sir. BD.

Fume them, Sosias, drive the smoke in dense and thick. Shoo there, shoo ! be off, confound you. At them, Xanthias, with the stick ! Smoke them, Sosias, smoke, infusing Aeschines, Selartius’ son.? So then we at last were going, as it seems, to make you run. But you never would have managed thus to beat them off with ease, Had it chanced that they had eaten of the songs of Philocles.¢ Creeping o’er us, creeping o’er us, Here at least the poor can see Stealthy-creeping TYRANNY ! If you from the laws debar us, which the city has ordained, You, a curly-haired 4 Amynias, you, a rascal double-grained, Not by words of wit persuading, Not for weighty reasons shown,

451

ARISTOPHANES

ovre Adyov edrpamedov, Dee + / r aUTOS apxXwV pLovos. 4% ~ ¥. ~ BA. 2060’ Smws dvev pdxns Kat THs Katoketas Bors A 4 és Adyous EADoywev GAAHAoLor Kal SvadAayds ; \ / or / \ / > Fa XO. gol Adyous, @ picddnpe Kal pwovapxias epaoTa, kat Evvdv Bpacida, kal dop@v Kpdomeda 47 / / > ¢ / + / orepdtov, tiv 8 dajvnv aKovpov Tpépwv; BA. vi) Av’ 7 pou Kpetrrov exorivar TO Tapamav Tod Tar pos a a“ a 7 A ¢ / paAAov 7) KaKots ToGOUTOLs vavpaxeEly OONMEpAt. 29 \ , > 99> 9 / > \ 2999 > / Z xO. odd€ pev y’ 008’ ev ceAivw codotiv obd Ev mHyav@” 4 tobro yap mapepBadroduev Tay Tprxowikwv eTa@v. GAAd viv ev oddev aXdyeis, GAN’ drav Evviyopos , MDS a f/f ~ A , ~ ravTa Tadd gov KaravTAR Kal Evvwyoras Kaj. BA. dp av, ® mpos Tov Dedv, byets araddaxOeiré pov; } SéSoKrai por dépecOar Kat dépew du’ qépas; 4 XO. ovdézoTé y’, ody, Ews dv Ti pov AouTOV 7, hid ¢€ ~ POS / / doTis Hudv emt Tupavvids cvveotdAns.

¢ Ld > a / > ‘ / BA. ws amavl’ dyuiv tupavvis éott Kat Evvwporat,

@ Fringes or tassels of wool which edged the border of a Spartan cloak.

» The common border of Hellenic gardens. The meaning is ** You have only entered on your troubles.”

452

BD.

cu.

BD.

CH.

BD.

CH.

BD.

THE WASPS, 469-488

- But because, forsooth, you witx it, Like an autocrat, alone. Can’t we now, without this outcry, and this fierce denunciation, Come to peaceful terms together, terms of reconciliation ? Terms with Tuer, thou people-hater, and with Brasidas, thou traitor, Hand and glove! §_ You who dare Woolly-fringed* Clothes to wear, Yes, and show Beard and hair Left to grow Everywhere. O, by Zeus, I'd really liefer drop my father altogether Than endure these daily conflicts, buffeting with waves and weather. Why, as yet you've hardly entered on the parsley and the rue ?: (That we'll just throw in, a sample of our three-quart words for you.) Now you care not, wait a little, till the prosecutor trounce you, Sluicing out these selfsame charges, and coNsPIRATOR denounce you. O by all the gods I ask you, will ye never go away? Are ye quite resolved to linger, thwacked and thwacking all the day ? Never more Will I while There’s a grain Left of me Leave your door, Traitor vile Bent to gain TYRANNY. Ay “ Conspiracy ” and ‘“ Tyrant,” These with you are all in all,

453

ARISTOPHANES

a ” A ” Fw a /, fol s nv Te petlov nv Tt eAaTTov mpaypa Tis KaTHYyOph, — e > \ > ” LA > Oi , > 2 a » as €ya) odK HKovaa TovVoM OddEe TEVTHKOVT ETaV* 49 vov 5€ 7oAA@ Tob Tapiyous eoTly akwwréepa’* oe \ \ ” > 5 > > ~ / ote Kal 51) Tovvomn” adris ev ayopa KvAwdeTau. jv pev wvirat tis ophAs, wepBpddas dé pr) GeAy, edOéws elpny’ 6 mwAdv mAnoiov Tas penBpddas* “odros dyswvreiv ory’ avOpwros emt tupavvids.” 48 “ \ / a a > , 4 , jv dé ynrevov mpocaiTth tats apvais novopa TH, % Aaxavorwris wapaBrAédbacd Pyor Batépw Yipee AE /, > A / > \ / eimé por, yyrevov airets, moTepov emt Tupavvids 7) vopilers tas ’AOrjvas col dépew Hdvopata;”’ a , HA. Kape y” 7 mopvn x0es ciceAPovra THs weonpBpias, 56 ott KeAntioa “KéAevov, dEv0vpunPeiod jor ” > >? \ ‘T 7, A hs) npet et THV ‘Inmiov Kabiorapar Ttupavvida, ~ ‘ uf > / e > > \ A > / BA. Tadra yap TovTos aKovew OE, Eb Kal VV EyW, Tov matép’ dt BovAowat TovTwy arrad\Aaxbevta TOV

opOpodotoovKoparTodikoTaAaimmpwv TpoT@v Fi

@ xeXnrioa “to ride a horse” also describes a oxfua cvvovolas (cf. us ad L. 60), which is then jokingly called ‘Immiou rupavvlda as in J. 618.

454

XA.

BD.

THE WASPS, 489-505

Whatsoe’er is brought before you, be the matter great or small. Everywhere the name of Tyrant, now for fifty years unknown, Is than cheap salt-fish at Athens commoner and cheaper grown. Everywhere about the market it is bandied to and fro: If you wish a basse to purchase, and without.a pilchard go, Straight the man who sells the pilchards grumbles from his stall hard by,

- Here is plainly one that caters

with a view to Tyranny. If a leek, besides, you order, relish for your sprats perchance, Says the potherb-girl directly, eyeing you with looks askance, Leeks indeed ! and leeks I prithee ! what, mith Tyranny in view ? Athens must be taxed, you fancy, relish to supply for vou ! Even so a naughty damsel yesternoon observed to me, Just because I said her manners were a little bit too free, She supposed that I was wishing Hippias’s Tyranny.* Ay, by charges such as these our litigious friends they please. Now because I’d have my father (quitting all this toil and strife, This up-early-false-informing- troublesome-litigious life) 455

ol.

BA.

$l.

BA.

$l.

BA.

$1.

BA.

$1.

ARISTOPHANES

“ a ee ” Civ Biov yevvaiov domep Mépvyos, airiay exw a a lat , Tatra dpav Evvwydrns wv Kat ppov@y Tupavvika. > / / vip A’ év Sixn y+ yd yap od8° av dpvidwy yara “~ ~ > a en avtit tot Biov AdBoww’ av od pe viv amoorepets > x, .«& a ovdé yaipw Batiow odd’ éyyéAcow, GAN 7dvov av 51 4 ‘ diuxidiov opixpov ddyoun” av ev Aomddt TeTVLy[LEVOV. 4 . vn Ai’ <iBicOns yap 7Sec8ar TowovTos mpaypaow ~ c ‘ / avn’ éav ovydv avaoxyn Kal pdOns aya A€éyw, apy? <¢ / avabdiddatew olouatl o° ws mdvrTa Tad’ apapravets. eEapaptdvw diucdlowv; 4 = > KatayeAwpevos ev ovv 51 ovK erates br” avdpav, ods od povov ov mpooKuvets. arAa Sovredwv A€An Bas. “~ / mate SovAciay A€éywr, GoTis apyw Tav dmdvrwv. od ot y’, GAX’ banpereis ~ / oldjevos dpyew eel Sidatov Huds, @ marep, /, HTls 7) TYyLn *oTt cor Kaproupevw thv “EAAdSa. 62 /, \ 4 / > > / / mavu ye* Kal TovTo.l y’ émitpeor Dedw. \ \ > , Kal py eye. v , ¢ > , adhere vuv dmavres adrov.

kal Eidos yé pou Sore.

456

* A great epicure; cf. A. 887; P. 1008.

THE WASPS, 506-522

- Live a life of ease and splendour,

PH.

‘BD.

PH. BD.

PH.

BD.

PH. BD.

PH.

live like Morychus,* you see Straight I’m charged with Tyrant leanings, charged with foul conspiracy. Yes, by Zeus, and very justly. Not for pigeon’s milk in store I the pleasant life would barter which you let me lead no more. Nought I care for eels and rayfish : daintier food to me would seem Just a little, tiny lawsuit, dished and stifled in its steam. Yes, for that’s the sort of dainty you, by Zeus, have loved so long. Yet I think I’ll'soon convince you . that your mode of life is wrong, If you can but once be silent, and to what I say give heed I am wrong to be a dicast ! . Laughed to utter scorn indeed, Mocked by men you all but worship, for you can’t their treachery see, You're a slave, and yet don’t know it. Name not slavery to me: I am lord of all, I tell you. You're the veriest drudge, I vow, Thinking that you're lord of all. For come, my father, teach us now, If you reap the fruits of Hellas, wl at’s the benefit to you ? Willingly. Let these be umpires. I'll accept their judgement too. Now then all at once release him. And besides a sword supply,

457

ARISTOPHANES

iy yap qrrnbe eye cov, mepimecodpLaL TO Eiger. BA. e€im7é ot, TLS a, 70 Seiva, TH Svairn py “mwevns; $1. pndémore Triow., akpatov pcbdv ayalod daipmovos. 52

XO. vov 61) Tov ex Onperépov lorp. yupvaciov Aéyew Tu Set Kawov, OTws havijcet BA. eveyKdtw pou debpo tiv KloTHv Tis Ws TaxXLOTA. 53 atap pavet moids Tis wy, Hv TadTa TwapaKkeAevy. XO. py) KaTa TOV veaviay Tovde Aéeyew. opas yap ws gol peyas €or” dydov vov 53 Kal Tept TOV amavTwr, ” “A \ / > e eimep, O py) yevowl’, od- Tos o eOédeu Kparioa. ‘ \ ee / Nl ~ / , BA. Kal pujy do” dy AeEn y’ ars pvnudovva ypaibopat

o. $1. Ti yap pal duets, Hv Odi pe TO ACyw KpaTion; XO. ovKer mpeoBurav dxAos

XpysYLOS €or” ovd” dicapi” oxwrrdopevor 8 ev tats odots

BadrAoddpor Kadrovpel?’, av-

Twhociav Kedddn. 54 adn’ & mept ris maons péAAwy Baoreias avti- Aoynoew Tis juereépas, vuvi Oappav madcav yA@trav Baodule.

* mwobdv is substituted for olvov ; a cup of undiluted wine to the toast of Happy Fortune was the final cup at a feast. > “ Alluding to the decrepit old men who carried olive branches in the Panathenaic processions’: R. * dvrwuocia are preliminary affiday its, in which the prosecutor asserted, and the defendant denied, the truth of the charge.

458

THE WASPS, 523-547

If in this dispute I’m worsted, here upon this sword I’ll die. BD. But suppose you won’t their final (what’s the phrase) award obey ? _ pH. May I never drink thereafter, pure and neat, good fortune’s—pay.4

CH. Now must the champion, going Out of our school, be showing Keen wit and genius new, BD. Bring forth my memorandum-book : bring forth my desk to write in, ~ Pll quickly show you what you're like, if that’s your style of fighting. CH, In quite another fashion To aught this youth can do. Stern is the strife and anxious For all our earthly good, If he intends to conquer, Which Heaven forfend he should. BD. Now I'll observe his arguments, and take a note of each. pH. What would you say, if he to-day should make the conquering speech ? CH. Ah! should that mischance befall us, Our old troop were nothing worth : In the streets with ribald mirth Idle boys would dotards call us, Fit for nought but olive-bearing,® Shrivelled husks of counter swearing.° O friend upon whom it devolves to plead the cause of our Sovereign Power to-day, Now show us your best ; now bring to the test each trick that an eloquent tongue can play.

459

ARISTOPHANES

a1. Kal piv ed0ds y’ dad BadBidwy wept Tis apis dsrodetgw | Tijs Twerépas ws ovdepids 7} irre éorlv Baoucias. .

Ti yap <ddayiov Kal pakapiotov paAdrov viv eort

LKQOTOD, 55

7 Tpupeparepov, 3) Sewdrepov Cov, Kal radra YEpovTos ;

dv mpata wev Eprovr e& edvis THpoda’ emi rotor dpudaKrois

avopes peydAou Kal TetTpamyyeis: Kamer €dOds TpoovovTt .

euBdrArer por tiv yxeip’ amadjv, TOv Synpociwy — KekAodvtav*

ixerevovow & dtaoKx’arovtes, THY Pwviy oiKTpo- _xoobvres

“olkreipov p’, @ waTep, alirodpal oa, ei Kavos memo” Sdetov apxjv dpéas q "mt otpatias Tots E€vacirots ”>

ayopason ds Eu 088’ dv C&vr’ Hdew, ef ut) Sua THY TpoTepav dmopvew.

BA. TovTl 7ept TOV avTiBoAovvTwY €oTW TO LLVNLOOVVOV OL. #1. lr’ eiceAOdv dvtiBoAnbeis Kal thy opynv dazto- popyxbeis, 5e €vdov TOUTWwY @v dy pdoKe mdvro oddev TeTolnKka, add’ ducpod pat mdoas puvas t tévrev els amopvu€w. dep’ idw, ti yap obk éotw aKodoa Odbmevp’ évraiba duKaorh ; ‘ot wévy’ aroxAdovrat Treviav adTOv Kal mpooTiWeaow

@ “Tn the next 180 lines eal ig en sets before us the entire process of an Athenian arbitration”: R.

4,60

PH.

THE WASPS, 548-564

Away, away,* like a racer gay, I start at once from the head of the lists, To prove that no kinglier power than ours in any part of the world exists. Is there any creature on earth more blest, more feared and petted from day to day, Or that leads a happier, pleasanter life, than a Justice of Athens, though old and grey ? For first when rising from bed in the morn, to the criminal Court betimes I trudge, Great six-foot fellows are there at the rails, in anxious haste to salute their Judge. And the delicate hand, which has dipped so deep in the public purse, he claps into mine, And he bows before me, and makes his prayer, and softens his voice to a pitiful whine : O pity me, pity me, Sire, he cries, if you ever indulged your longing for pelf,

_ When you managed the mess on a far campaign,

BD.

PH.

or served some office of state yourself. The man would never have heard my name, if he had not been tried and acquitted before. (Writing) I'll take a note of the point you make, that suppliant fellows your grace implore. So when they have begged and implored me enough, and my angry temper is wiped away, I enter in and IJ take my seat, and then I do none of the things I say. I hear them utter all sorts of cries | design’d expressly to win my grace, What won’t they utter, what don’t they urge, . to coax a Justice who tries their case ? Some vow they are needy and friendless men, and over their poverty wail and whine,

461

BA.

$l.

ARISTOPHANES

a a > e a Kaka pos Tois ovaW, Ews avimy aviawon Totow

€potow* 56 ot dé¢ A€éyovew pOouvs Hpiv, ot 8 Atowmov te yeAowov of S€ oxwrove’, Ww” eyd) yeAdow Kal Tov Ovjor Kkardbapar. Kav pq) TOUTOLs avaTreOdpecba, TA Tadapr EdOds aveAket, \ 9 rv / A \ ca a / cia" 8° tas Ondelas Kal Tods viets, THs xEupos, Eyw aKpo@.ae* TO. be ovyKimrovd” dpa BAnxarae: Kame?” 6 aTip bmep avTav 57 Gonep Ocdv avtiBoret pe tpeguwv ths ev0dvns dmoddoau* «¢ 9 ei pep Xaipers apvos wv, mrawBos dwviyy ederjoas *” > , / A ~ ei 8’ ad trois youpidiows yalpw, Ovyatpos Pwvh pe mbéobar. > val 7 A / Lond > lo >\/ A / > xju<ts adT@ tote Ths dpyfs dAiyov tov KdAdAoT aveipev. dp’ od peydAn tobr gor’ apyy Kat Tod mAovrouv / KOT ONWEN s 57. SevTepov av cov TouTl ypddopat, THY TOD mAovTOU KaTaxyvnv* \ > / / see / “~ ¢ / Kal Tayabd ror wepvno deus pdoxwr THs “EAAdOos apyew. / / / > a / Traiswrv Toivuy doKxiyalouevwy aidota mapeort beGobar. Kav Olaypos eiaé\On hevywv, odK amopedyer mplv av Hiv

@ He addresses the dicast as if he were a deity delighting in

462

BD.

PH.

THE WASPS, 565-579

And reckon up hardships, false and true, till he makes them out to be equal to mine. Some tell us a legend of days gone by, or a joke from Aesop witty and sage, Or jest and banter, to make me laugh, that so I may doff my terrible rage. And if all this fails, and I stand unmoved, he leads by the hand his little ones near, He brings his girls and he brings his boys ; and I, the Judge, am composed to hear. They huddle together with piteous bleats : while trembling above them he prays to me, Prays as to a God his accounts to pass, to give him a quittance, and leave him free. If thou lovest a bleating male of the flock, O lend thine ear to this boy of mine : Or pity this sweet little delicate girl, if thy soul delights in the squeaking of swine. So then we relax the pitch of our wrath, and screw it down to a peg more low. Is THIs not a fine dominion of mine, a derision of wealth with its pride and show ? (Writing) A second point for my note-book that, a derision of wealth with its show and its pride. Go on to mention the good you get by your empire of Hellas so vast and wide. "Tis ours to inspect the Athenian youths, when we enter their names on the rolls of men. And if ever Oeagrus ® gets into a suit, be sure that he’ll never get out again

the sacrifice of lambs and swine ; but dpvés is intended to suggest dppevos and xorpdia the use of the word in 1353; ef. A. 769 n.

» An actor who took a part in the Niobe of Aeschylus or that

of Sophocles.

463

ARISTOPHANES

éK c THis NwoBns etary pow TH KadAorny ononaten: 58

Kay avAnrns ye diknv vika, TavTns Hiv eémixerpa

ev ' popBerd TotoL Sucaorais ZEoSov nUAno’ amodow.

Kav amobvicKkwv 6 TaTip Tw d8@ KaTtadcimwv aid’ émikAnpov,

KAdew Heis pakpa thy Kepadny eimovtes TH diabnKy

Kal TH KOYXN TH wavy ceuvas Tots onuciovow érovon, 58

edoptev Tavrqy OoTis av Huds dvr Bodjoas a avamreion.

Kal tadr’ dvuredbuvor Spapyev: tay 8 ddAwv

ovoel apx7?.

e ” BA. ToUTL ydp Tol oe povov ToUTwWY @Vv ElpnKas [a-

—_”

Kapilw*

Ths 8 emuKAjpov tiv Siabykyny dduceis ava- KoyxvArdlonv.

1. Tt 5° n Bovd xa Sijos Grav Kpivar weya Tee

dmopijon,.

evindiorar Tos aduKkodvtas Toto. SuKacrais mapa- dodvau*

cir’ EvabdAos yd péyas obdros Kodaxwvupos domdamoBAjs

ody! mpoddcew tuds dacty, wept tod wAjOous Se paxetoBar.

Kav 7@ On yvupnv ovdels mumor eviknoer, éay [1

elimn Ta SixacTHpr adeivar mpwrioeTa piav duKd- cavras* 59

@ “ kiyxat were little cases or capsules which Athenian law stationers placed over seals to preserve them from damage”: R.

> ie. Cleonymus; ef. 16. He and Evathlus, like heenuk and Euphemius, are minor demagogues, satellites of Cleon.

464

BD.

PH.

THE WASPS, 580-595

Till he give us a speech from his Niobe part, selecting the best and the liveliest one. And then if a piper gain his cause, he pays us our price for the kindness done, By piping a tune with his mouth-band on, quick march as out of the Court we go. And what if a father by will to a friend his daughter and heiress bequeath and bestow, We care not a rap for the Will, or the cap @ which is there on the seal so grand and sedate, We bid them begone, and be hanged, and ourselves take charge of the girl and her worthy estate ; And we give her away to whoever we choose, to whoever may chance to persuade us: yet we, Whilst other officials must pass an account, alone from control and accounting are free. Ay that, and that only, of all you have said, I own is a privilege lucky and rare, But uncapping the seal of the heiress’s will seems rather a shabby and doubtful affair. And if ever the Council or People have got a knotty and difficult case to decide, They pass a decree for the culprits to go to the able and popular Courts to be tried: Evathlus, and He! the loser of shields, the fawning, the great Cowardonymus? say “ They'll always be fighting away for the mob,” “the people of Athens they'll never betray.” And none in the People a measure can pass, unless he propose that the Courts shall be free, Dismissed and discharged for the rest of the day when once we have settled a single decree.°

¢ Of. K. 50 n.

VOL. I 2u 465

ARISTOPHANES

adrés & 6 KAéwv 6 Kexpaéiddpas povov Has od TEpLTpwryet,

aAAa puddrret dia yeipos exwv Kal Tas pias drapaver.

od dé Tov marép” ov8 Tidy ToUTWY TOV GaVvTOD mwmoT edpacas.

GrAa O€wpos, Kairodotiv avip Eddynptov obdev

> 4 eAdtTwv, \ / wv > aA / > / a ® ~ Tov omdyyov exwv ek THs AeKdvyns TapPdd.’ Hudv TTEPLKWVEL. 6 / > > A ~ > ~ cd > , ‘ oxébar p> amd TOv ayal@v oiwv daroKdXeles Kat KaTEpUKELS, a / x ” \ ¢ , > nv Sovrciay ovcav epackes Kal bmnpeciay azo- detEew. ” / / / , \ BA. e€umAnco A€ywv: mavTws ydp ToL mavoer TOTE Kavahavioet mpwkTos Aovtpod mepvyvyvépevos THs apxhs THs TEPLOe|LvOV. “a / > , 2 \ , 6 aN #1. 0 d€ y yOvoTov ToUTwWY EoTiV TaYTWY, OD “ya "miAeAnouny, 6

¢ ” a. ae A \ ” gy 3 > v4 > dtav olkad tw Tov pucbov exwv, Kar elonKovi Ga moves > / \ > / \ ~ A = aomalwrrar dia Tapyvpiov, Kal mp@ra pev / Ovyarnp pe

amoviln Kal tw® 710d’ ddreipn Kal mpooxtpaca

r /

prdyon.; \ / > ov ~ / \ /

Kal mammilovo’ dpa th yAdtTn Td TpidBodrov exkadaparar, ‘ ‘ / 4 > ¢ ~ A Fan

Kal TO yUvaov pw’ btTroOwredoav pvotiy palav TpooeveyKN, 6

4.66

BD.

THE WASPS, 596-610

Yea, Cleon the Bawler and Brawler himself, at us, and us only, to nibble forbears, And sweeps off the flies that annoy us, and still with a vigilant hand for our dignity cares. You never have shown such attention as this, or displayed such a zeal in your father’s affairs. Yet Theorus, a statesman as noble and grand as lordly Euphemius,? runs at our call And whips out a sponge from his bottle, and stoops, to black and to polish the shoes of us all. Such, such is the glory, the joy, the renown, from which you desire to retain and withhold me, And Tus you will show, this Empire of mine, to be bondage and slavery merely, you told me. Ay, chatter your fill, you will cease before long : and then I will show that your boasted success

_ Is just the success of a tail that is washed, ®

PH.

going back to its filth and its slovenliness. But the nicest and pleasantest part of it all is this, which I’d wholly forgotten to say, "Tis when with my fee in my wallet I come, returning home at the close of the day, O then what a welcome I get for its sake ; my daughter, the darling, is foremost of all, And she washes my feet and anoints them with care, and above them she stoops, and a kiss lets fall, Till at last by the pretty Papas of her tongue she angles withal my three-obol away. Then my dear little wife, she sets on the board nice manchets of bread in a tempting array,

* Unknown, but regarded by Aristophanes as “still more despicable than Theorus, who is obviously intended to be in- sulted by the comparison”: R.

> 6 yap mpwKrds mAuvduevos mepryiverar THs KaBdpoews Kal Er podtverac: Schol.

467

ARISTOPHANES

” Ps > > A v Kamera Kabelonevn map’ euol mpocavayKaln, “ dave tovri, Ld fo , 2-38 / ‘ , evTpaye TouTi*”’ TovToLow eyw ydvupar, Kal [Ay 7 Be bein A / © /_3 ” > A / \ es oe Brea. Kal tov tapiav, OmdT apioTov mrapaljices KaTapacdpevos Kal danopteae GAN? iv py poe Taxd pdén, ~ A / Tdde KeKTH WAL TpPOBAnWa KaKdv, oKeuny Bedewv dAewpyy. Kav olvov pou pA) YxAS od mueiv, Tov Ovov TéVd™ eoKEKOpLopan

/ A owov peotév, Kat éyyéoar KAivas: odros dé

KEXnvos ~ ~ \ /, Bpwunodpevos Tob cob Sivov péya Kat otpdrvov Karemapdev. 3S 2 dp ov peydAnv apyiy apxyw Kai rod Avs oddev eAdrrw, /, wxQ> & ¢ / dotis aKotw Ttavl’ dmep 6 Leds; jv yobv jets SopvBjowpev, mas tis dnow Tav TapiovTwr, “ofov Bpovra 7d Suxacrypuov, * & Leb Baored.” bal > 4 , A kav aorpaipw, tommulovoi, Kaykexddacl p’ of mAovTobyTES Kal mdvu oepmvol. ‘ \ / 4 4 > > / Kal od dédouKds pe pddAvor avros: vy) THY Anpntpa, dédoixas. eya & amrodoiwny, et ce dSédouKa.

468

62

THE WASPS, 611-630

And cosily taking a seat by my side, with loving entreaty constrains me to feed; I beseech you taste this, I implore you try that. This, this I delight in, and ne’er may I need _ To look to yourself and your pantler, a scrub who, whenever I ask him my breakfast to set, Keeps grumbling and murmuring under his breath. No! no! if he haste not a manchet to get, Lo here my defence from the evils of life, my armour of proof, my impregnable shield. - And what if you pour me no liquor to drink, _ yet here’s an old Ass, full of wine, that I wield, And I tilt him, and pour for myself, and imbibe ; whilst sturdy old Jack, as a bumper I drain, Lets fly at your goblet a bray of contempt, a mighty and masterful snort of disdain. Is THIs not a fine dominion of mine ? Is it less than the empire of Zeus ? Why the very same phrases, so grand and divine, For me, as for Him, are in use. For when we are raging loud and high In stormy, tumultuous din, ~OLord! O Zeus ! say the passers-by, How thunders the Court within ! _ The wealthy and great, when my lightnings glare, Turn pale and sick, and mutter a prayer.” You fear me too: I protest you do: Yes, yes, by Demeter I vow ‘tis true. But hang me if I am afraid of you.

@ A wine-flagon shaped like an ass, or an ass’s head. In 617 Kexnv os =** with its jaws wide open like a donkey braying,”: R. » * A Greek or Roman when alarmed by a thunderstorm was

accustomed to make with his lips a clucking or popping noise, as a sort of charm to avert the danger”: R.

469

ARISTOPHANES

XO. otro? otrw Kabapds — [avr. ovbevos jKovoapev ov- 5é Evers Aéyovros. #1. otK, GW épipas Bef obros pybios 7, ew" Karas yap qoew os eyes okt! pre Bed ho xO. ws 8 énl mrdévr’ eA v Dev Kovoev mapiAbev, wor eyury” notavopay aKovwy, Kav pad pow buxdlew abros €b0€a vycos, NP opevos Aéyovrt. #1. Ws obros 09 oKopowaran Kdorw otk ev aire, h phy eyo oe TIjEpov oKniry Prérew trovqow. xO. bet 6€ ce mravtoias mAéKew eis dmoputy Tadd pas. Tih ‘yap ep opyiy men a~ : va xoAerov [veavig]

pay mpos euob déyovrt. m™pos Tatra piryy ayatyy dpa byreiv aor kal vedKomrov

(qv ph te Aéyns), qris Svvary Tov eyov Ovpov

Karepeitar.

BA. xarerov pev Kal dewss yroipns Kal pellovos 7 "mi tpoywbois, idoacBat vooov dpxatay év TH moAe evreToKviay.

ardp, & ndrep Hyerepe Kpoviéy #1. Tatoo. Kal pa marépile.

* Philocleon (621 seq.) had arrogated to himself the attributes of Zeus, and so B. addresses him in the language Athene uses to Zeus in Homer (JI. viii. 313; Od. i, 45); but P. will have none of his “ befathering.”’

470

PH.

PH.

BD.

PH,

THE WASPS, 631-652

I never, no, I never Have heard so clear and clever And eloquent a speech— Ay, ay, he thought he’d steal my grapes, and pluck them undefended, For well he knew that I’m in this particularly splendid. No topic he omitted, But he duly went through each. I waxed in size to hear him Till with ecstasy possessed Methought I sat a-judging In the Islands of the Blest. See how uneasily he stands, and gapes, and shifts his ground. I warrant, sir, before I’ve done, you'll look like a beaten hound. You must now, young man, be seeking Every.turn and every twist Which can your defence assist. To a youth against me speaking Mine’s a heart ‘tis hard to render (So you'll find it) soft and tender. And therefore unless you can speak to the point, you must look for a millstone handy and good, Fresh hewn from the rock, to shiver and shock the unyielding grit of my resolute mood.

Hard were the task, and shrewd the intent, for a Comedy-poet all too great To attempt to heal an inveterate, old disease engrained in the heart of the state. Yet, O dread Cronides, Father and Lord,? Stop, stop, don’t talk in that father-me way,

471

BA.

$1.

BA. #1. BA.

ARISTOPHANES .

> A A Ld 4 > 4 ‘ > i , h ei pu) yap Omws SovdAedw “ya, TouTt Taxéws pe dddteus, ovK éorw ows odyl TeOvIEEL, KAY XP omAdyxvew pe dmexeobau. dxpoacat vuv, @ mammidioy, xaAdoas dAiyov TO pérewmov: Kal mp&rov pev Adyicar pavrAws, wn WHdois, GAN aro XeLpos, | Tov dopov Hiv amd TOv moAcwv avdAdAnBSnv tov TpooLovTa.* »” / \ / \ ‘ A A Ka&w Ttovtov Ta TéAn xwpis Kal tas moAXds €kaTooTas, a / > > / / A ‘ mpuTaveta, peTarAd’, ayopds, Aysévas, prabods Kat Onplompara. TOUTWW TAnpwpa Tddravr’ eyyds SioxiAva ylyverat np. 66 amo TOUTOU vuv Katdbes probov Toto duxaorais eviavTod, a ” , > a 7 , ef xrdow, KoUmw mActous ev TH Xape Kkarevacbev, ylyveran duty éxarov Symov Kal mevTiKovTa Tddavra. ovo" a dexarn THY mpooiovTwy juiv ap’ eyiyvel” 6 probes. A pa Ai’ od pevToe. Kal mot Tpémerau 87)” ELTA TA Xpypara Tada. ; 6 €s TovTous Tous, “ody mpodmaw tov ’APnvaiwv Kodoauprov, aAAa paxodpat mepl Tob mAjOous at.” od yap, @ marEp, adrovs . dpxew aipet cavrod, tovrois Tols pnuariots mepurrepbeis.

472

* i.é. as polluted by homicide,

BD.

PH. BD. PH.

BD.

THE WASPS, 653-668

Convince me at once that I’m only a slave, or else I protest you shall die this day

’ Albeit I then must ever abstain

from the holy flesh of the victims slain.4

‘Then listen my own little pet Papa,

and smooth your brow from its frowns again.

- And not with pebbles precisely ranged,

but roughly thus on your fingers count The tribute paid by the subject States, _ and just consider its whole amount ; And then, in addition to this, compute the many taxes and one-per-cents,

_ The fees and the fines, and the silver mines,

the markets and harbours and sales and rents. If you take the total result of the lot, ' *twill reach two thousand talents or near. And next put down the Justices’ pay, ert and reckon the sums they receive a year : Six thousand Justices, count them through, - .there dwell no more in the land as yet, One hundred and fifty talents a year I think you will find is all they get. Then not one tithe of our income goes to furnish forth the Justices’ pay. No, certainly not. And what becomes of all the rest of the revenue, pray ? Why, bless you, it goes to the pockets of those, To the rabble of Athens I'll ever be true, I'll always batile away for the mob.” . O father, my father, ’tis owing to you : By such small phrases as these cajoled, you lift them over yourselves to reign.

» He refers to P.’s words in 593. AT3

1.

BA.

474

ARISTOPHANES : Kd0 odro. ev Swpodokodow Kata mevTHKoVTa

4

TdAavTa

amo Tav moAewv, emametAobyres TovauTl Kava- — poBobvres,

“ Swaere TOV popor, 7 } Bpovrioas tiv 7oAw bua@v dvarrperbeo.’’

ad d€ Tis apyis ayands tis offs Tods dpyeAddous TEPLTpwYwV.

of de EYupayou ws HoOnvrar Tov pev ovphaka Tov 1AAov

ex KnOapiov Aayapilouwevov Kal tpayadilovta TO pndev,

oé pev wyyotvrat Kévvov widov, tovrou de Swpopopodow 6

tpxas, olvov, Sdmdas, Tupdov, péeAl, onoapa, mpooKepdraia,

giddas, xAavidas, oreddvous, Sppous, exmwpara, Tovbuyreta :

gol 8 dv apxes, oka pev ev yh, TodAAa 8° ed’ byp& murvAevoas, oddeis odd5€ oKopddov Kedhadjv Tots éyyTotor

didwow.

pa A’? adda map’ Edyapidov Kkadros tpeis y dyABas perérrepipa.. 6s

aA’ adbryiy por tiv Sovdciay odk dmodpaivwy dmoxvatets.

ov yap peyadn Sovreia ’orly tovTous pev aravTas ev dpxais

attous 7° elvat, Kal rods KdAaKas Tovs TovTwY, pobopopobvras ; :

col 0° Ww tis 8@ rods tpets dBoAovs, ayamGs* ovs abros eAatvew

PH,

BD.

THE WASPS, 669-684

And then, believe me, they soon contrive

some fifty talents in bribes to gain, Extorting them out of the subject states, by hostile menace and angry frown : Hand eek they say, the tribute-pay, or else my thunders shall crush your town. You joy the while at the remnants vile, the trotters and tips of your power to gnaw. So when our knowing, acute allies the rest, the scum of the Populace, saw On a vote-box pine, and on nothingness dine, and marked how lanky and lean ye grow, They count you all as a Connas’s vote,* and ever and ever on these bestow Wines, cheeses, necklaces, sesamé fruit, and jars of pickle and pots of honey, Rugs, cushions, and mantles, and cups, and crowns, and health, and vigour, and lots of money. Whilst vou ! from out of the broad domain for which on the land and the wave you toiled, None gives you so much as a garlic head, to flavour the dish when your sprats are boiled. That’s true no doubt, for I just sent out, and bought, myself, from Eucharides three ; But you wear me away by your long delay in proving my bondage and slavery. Why is it not slavery pure and neat, when these (themselves and their parasites too) Are all in receipt of their pay, God wots, as high officials of state : whilst you Must thankful be for your obols three, those obols which ye yourselves have won

Apparently = something valueless. C. appears in K. 534 as

a, disse ute musician.

475

oI.

BA.

476

ARISTOPHANES — |

A ~ \ A al > /, AA Kal mreCopax dv Kal moAwpK@v eKTHoW, 70 Tovngas. : kal mpos Tovrous émitarrépevos hourgs, & advor

pe amdyxet, oTrav eleABov peipaKiov co. KaTdmvyov, Xaipéou

vids, a ‘

Wdt dvaBds, Svaxwyleis TH owpatt Kat Tpude- pavbeis,

4 w ‘ > oe / > ¢ ¢ an“

nKew elrn mpm Kav wpa SiKdoovl’, ws ooTis av bL@v

votepos €AOn Tod onpelov, 7d TpiwBodov od KO[LELT AL * f

x Bess ' 4A / ‘ / / “ avtos dé déeper TO ovvyyopiKov, Spaxyyv, Kav votepos €ABn- ~ ~ : A ~ Kal Kowwvadv T&V apxovTwy éTépw TWL TOV cD” €avTod, ” / a a / , ‘ ~ qv Tis Te 5d@ TaV hevydvtwy, Evv0evre TO Tpaypa. dv’ ovtTe . €omovddKatov, Ka)” ws mptiovl 6 pev St 68 avTevedwKe* ov de xaoKaLers Tov KwAaKkpernv* TO de mparro- jeevov GE AcAn bev. ( TavTi pe mrovodo" j oipou, ti A€yeis; ws ou TOV Siva. Tapdrress, r Sok | Kal Tov vodv jov mpoodyets paGAAov, KodvK : ofS TU Xphed je Trovets. oxeypau tolwuv ws e&dv aow mAovteiv Kal Totow amaow, e A ~ a. g > > 7 > 4, bro Tay del Syrlovrwy ov« old Grou eyKeKv- KAnoat*

PH.

BD.

THE WASPS, 685-699

Tn the battle’s roar, by sea and by shore, ‘mid sieges and miseries many a one. But O what throttles me most of all, is this, that under constraint you go, When some young dissolute spark comes in, some son of a Chaereas,* straddling—so, With his legs apart, and his body poised, Tee and a mincing, soft, effeminate air, And bids you Justices, one and all, betimes in the morn to the Court repair, For that any who after the signal ® come shall lose and forfeit their obols three.

Yet come as late as he choose himself,

he pockets his drachma, “‘ Counsel’s fee.” ¢ And then if a culprit give him a bribe, he gets his fellow the job to share, And into each other’s hands they play, and manage together the suit to square. Just like two men at a saw they work, and one keeps pulling, and one gives way. While you at the Treasurer @ stare and gape, and never observe the tricks they play. Is THAT what they do! O can it be true! Ah me, the depths of my being are stirred, Your statements shake my soul, and I feel I know not how, at the things I’ve heard. And just consider when you and all might revel in affluence, free as air, How these same demagogues wheel you round, and cabin and coop you I know not where.

@ Unknown. > A signal hoisted for the opening of the court. : ¢“ A retaining fee paid to the 10 cvriyopa appointed as

public prosecutors”: R

@ One of the officers who paid the dicasts.

477

$1.

BA.

ARISTOPHANES

doTts mroAcw dpxywv mAciotwv, amo tod I6vro peéxpt Lapdods,

ovK drohaveus mdi Tod? 6 déepers aKaph, Kal Toor pi cou

lol a ov > evardlovow KATO piKpov del, TOO Civ evex >

womep eAavov. > A ay? e BovAovrar yap ce mevnt elvar’ Kal Tool’ dv ceive” r €p@ got,

iva. yeyvaonys tov TWaceutiyy: Ka0 Stay odrds

q é

y’ émoiln, ee ~ > nn > >? 4 > / > a. ent TOV exOpav tw’ emppvEas, aypiws avrots emumn ds. . él yap €BovAovro Biov mopica: TH SHuw, padiov Ww av. clot ve mdAes xidvar, at viv tov Popov npiv dmdyovow »” , ” , TOUTEV elxoow avdpas Bookew el Tis mpooéragkev EKAOTN,

Svo pupiddes TOV Sypotikav elev ev mao Aaydous

kal orepavovow TavTodaTotow Kal mua Kal TUpLaTy,

aéia Tihs ys amoAavovtes Kat tod Mapabdv

/

TpoTraiou.

vov 3° dorep eAaoAdyou xwpet?? dpa T@ TOV poBov € EXOVTL.

olwot, Ti 708” womep vapKn ov KaTa THs xELpos KaTaxeirat,

kal tO Eidos od Svvayar Karéxew, add” dy parBakds eit.

GAN’ ométav pev Seicwo’ adroit, tiv EvPovav d.ddaow

478

@ Sardinia.

7

PH.

BD.

THE WASPS, 700-715

And you, the lord of such countless towns, from Pontus to Sardo,* nought obtain Save this poor pittance you earn, and this they dole you in driblets, grain by grain, As though they were dropping oil from wool, "as much forsooth as will life sustain. They MEan you all to be poor and gaunt, and I'll tell you, father, the reason why. They want you to know your keeper’s hand ; and then if he hiss you on to fly At some helpless foe, away you go, with eager vehemence ready and rough.

Since if they wished to maintain you well,

the way to do it were plain enough. A thousand cities our rule obey, a thousand cities their tribute pay, Allot them twenty Athenians each, to feed and nourish from day to day, And twice ten thousand citizens there, are living immersed in dishes of hare, With creams and beestings and sumptuous fare, and garlands and coronals everywhere, Enjoying a fate that is worthy the state, and worthy the trophy on Marathon plain. Whilst now like gleaners ° ye all are fain to follow along in the paymaster’s train. O what can this strange sensation mean, this numbness that over my hand is stealing ? My arm no longer can hold the sword : I yield, unmanned, to a womanish feeling. Let a panic possess them, they’re ready to give Euboea at once for the State to divide,‘

» Lit. “ olive-gatherers ” ; needy folk like our hop-pickers.

¢ 4,e. to portion it out among you in “allotments ” as KAnpodxor.

479

xo.

BA.

480

ARISTOPHANES

juiv Kal otrov ddloravrar Kata mevrikovTa juedipvous

Toptety édocav 8 odmwmoté cow, mA mpenv TEVTE [LEdiLVOUS, \

kal tabra poris Eevias detywv eAaBes Kara xoivuKa, Kpbav.

eee ee

dv ever’ éyw o dire Aero del, Booxew eOéhwv Kal pi) TovTous 7 eyxdonew col otoppdlovras. Kal vov drexvas eOéhw mrapéexew 6 tt BovrAa cot, / , mAjv Kwraxpéerov ydAa mivew.

} mov codes Hv doris éfackev, “mp av apdotv pd0ov axovons,

ovk av dukdoas.’ od yap obv viv pot vuKay Tog Seddxyoar

dor ASn Ty opyiv xaAdoas tods oKimwvas KatapadAw.

GAN & ris HAcKias hutv ths adbris owGiacdra,

m0ob mob Adyowst, pnd? ddpov yevy, [orp. pnd? drevijs dyav drepdwev T avip. 7 ei? copehev pou Kndenav 7 H évyyevys

elvai Tis OoTis ToLabr’ evovbéret.

oot dé viv tis Dedv

Tapw veudavns

vAAapBdver Tod mpdyparos,

Kal dfjAds eorw €b mrowd@v" 7 od de Tapa d€xou.

Kal pny Opébw y’ adrov mapéxwv

doa mpeopirn Evudhopa, xdvdpov

BD.

THE WASPS, 716-738

And engage to supply for every man

full fifty bushels of wheat beside. But five poor bushels of barley each

is all that you ever obtained in fact,

And that doled out by the quart, while first

they worry you under the Alien Act.* And therefore it was that I locked you away To keep you in ease ; unwilling that these With empty mouthings your age should bilk. And now I offer you here to-day Without any reserve whatever you please, Save only a draught of—Treasurer’s milk.

. “Twas a very acute and intelligent man,

whoever it was, that happened to say, Don’t make up your mind till you’ve heard both sides, for now I protest you have gained the fray. Our staves of justice, our angry mood, for ever and ever aside we lay, And we turn to talk to our old compeer, our choir-companion of many a day. Don’t be a fool: give in, give in, Nor too perverse and stubborn be ; I would to Heaven my kith and kin Would show the like regard for me. Some deity, ‘tis plain, befriends Your happy lot, believe, believe it ; With open arms his aid he sends, Do you with open arms receive it. I'll give him whatever his years require, A basin of gruel, and soft attire,

# You have to establish your claim with as much trouble as if

you were being prosecuted for fraudulently exercising the rights of citizenship.

VOL. I Q1 481

ARISTOPHANES

elyew, xAaivay paraxiy, ovadpav, mopvynv, Tis TO méos Tpiipet

Kal THY oopov.

GAN Sri arya Koddev ypvler, tobr’ od Svvatai pe mpocecbat.

XO. vevovbérnkev abrov és Ta mpdypal’, ofs [avr. ror émepaiver’* eyvwke yap apTios, Aoyilerat 7° exeiva rdvO” dpaprias 6. cod Kedevovros odK« émeilero. vov 8 tows Toiot gots Adyous meiPerau,

Kal owdpovel pevTow pebu- oTas €s TO Aownov TOV TpdTOV mibomevos TE Got.

$1. ic pot po. £ , a BA. otros, ti Bods; $l. py por TovTwy pndev brvoxvod. ” /

Kelvwv epapar, Ket0e yevoimar, @ 3 ¢€ ~ / ce / > /,

w’ 6 Khpv& dai, “tis abjde- oTros; aviorac8w.”’

KamoTalny emt Tots Knots undilowevwv 6 TedevTatos.

AQ? S , ~ 4 amedd , @ pux7n. mod pow puyy; mdpes, @ oklepd. pa Tov “Hpaxkdéa,

\ ~ a pi) viv er” ey *v totor Sucacrats KAérrovta KAdwva AdBoyn.

BA. U0 & mdrep, mpos TOv Dedv, eyol mBod.

#1. Ti cor TiOwpa; Aéy’ 6 te BovdrAer, mAh Eves.

BA. 7olov; ¢dép idw.

ol. Tod pu) Suxdlew. rodro Se “Avdns Svakpwet mpotepov 7) "yw metcopar.

482

THE WASPS, 739-763 And a good warm rug, and a handmaid fair,

To chafe and cherish his limbs with care. —But I can’t like this, that he stands so mute, And speaks not a word nor regards my suit. ‘Tis that his soberer thoughts review

The frenzy he indulged so long,

And (what he would not yield to you)

He feels his former life was wrong. Perchance he'll now amend his plan, Unbend his age to mirth and laughter,

A better and a wiser man

By your advice he’ll live hereafter.

O misery! O misery!

O father, why that dolorous ery ?

Talk not of things like these to me ! 4

Those are my pleasures, there would I be Where the Usher cries

Who has not voted ? let him arise.

And O that the last of the voting band

By the verdict-box I could take my stand. On, on, my soul! why, where is she gone ? Hah! by your leave, my shadowy one ! Zounds, if I catch when in Court I’m sitting Cleon again a theft committing !

pp. O father, father, by the Gods comply.

. Comply with what ? name any wish, save one.

BD. Save what, I prithee ?

Not to judge ; but that

” Hades shall settle ere my soul comply.

« “ P, breaks his tragic silence, and gives utterance to a cento of scraps from the Hippolytus Velatus, Alcestis, Bellerophon, and probably other plays of Euripides” R.

483

ARISTOPHANES

BA. ov 8 ody, émeid7) TOOTO KexdpyKas ToLMY, > Cal \ / / > > > >? / éexeioe prev punkete Badul’, adr’ evade avtod pevwv dixale Tolow oiKérats.

#1. mept Too; Ti Anpeis; :

BA. Tao’, dmep exel mparrerat: Ld \ 7 > / ¢ \ 4 Ore TH Ovpav avéwtev 7 onits Adopa,

Tavrns emBodny pnguet pilav povny.

mavTWs dé KaKet TAOT edpas EKGOTOTE. 7 Kat tadra pev vuv edvrAdgyws, qv e€exn

” > A ¢€ 7 \ ov

etAn Kat’ dpOpov, HAvdoer mpos FAtov*

eav dé vidn, mpos TO Top Kabipevos,

VovTos, €laer* Kav Eypn peonpBpwos,

ae ee

ovdels o° dzroKAclioer Oeaopoberns TH KuyKAOL.. 7 $1. TouTi p, apéoKet. ; \ \ , ats , F BA. mpos d€ TovTos y’, Hv diKny

Aéyn paKkpav Tis, ovxL mewdv avapeve's, dkvwy oeavTov Kal Tov amoAoyovpevor.

#1. 7@s obv Siayvyymoxew KaAds dSvuvicopat WoTEp TpOTEpov TA MpaypaT, ETL pacwpevos; 7

BA. 70AA@ y’ dpewov' Kat A€yeTar yap TovToyi, ws ot Sixaoral evdonevwy TOv pwaptipwv ponis TO mpayp eyvwoav dVOpaccprevor.

#1. avd, Tol pe meifeis. GAd exeiv’ ovrw Aéyets, Tov pcbov didbev Aromat.

BA. map e€no0.

#1. Kadds, 7 oT) Kat euavTov Kod pel” Erépov Arppopat. aloy.ora yap Toi wp eipydoaro Avotorpatos 6 oxwrTdAns. Spaxyrny pet euod mpwnvAaBdv, ea Siexeppatiler’ ev trois tyOvow,

”

® eid\dbyws, ‘‘ appropriately.”’ A. is paving the way for a double pun. “In fine weather jdoe (play the Heliast) mpds Hor, in

484

PH. BD. PH.

BD.

PH.

BD. PH.

THE WASPS, 764-789

. Well but if these are really your delights,

Yet why go There? why not remain at home And sit and judge among your household here ?

. Folly ! judge what?

The same as There you do. Suppose you catch your housemaid on the sly Opening the door : fine her for that, one drachma. That’s what you did at every sitting There. And very aptly,? if the morning’s fine, You'll fine your culprits, sitting in the sun. In snow, enter your judgements by the fire While it rains on : and—though you sleep till midday,

“No archon here will close the door against you.

Hah! I like that. And then, however long

An orator proses on, no need to fast, Worrying yourself (ay, and the prisoner too). But do you really think that I can judge As well as now, whilst eating and digesting ? As well? much better. When there’s reckless

swearing, Don’t people say, what time and thought and trouble It took the judges to digest the case ? I’m giving in. But you’ve not told me yet How I’m to get my pay.

I'll pay you.

_ Good, Then I shall have mine to myself, alone ; For once Lysistratus, the funny fool, Played me the scurviest trick. We’d got one drachma Betwixt us two: he changed it at the fish-stall ;

wet weather else, which is really from elcouac (Pl. 647 ) and is explained by the Scholiasts as dixéce:s, but upon which A. plays as if it were from eleiu, * you shall go indoors’”: R.

485

BA. $1.

BA. $1. BA. $I.

BA.

I.

BA.

I.

486

ARISTOPHANES

” 929 a ’ , Kamer eméOnke Tpets AoTridas por KeaTpEewv* > ‘ he > 5 \ \ 77 a Kayo *véxars’s dBorods yap dounv AaPeiv: Kata BdeAvybels dodpdpevos e&érrvca* ? x ; por 3)? e > KG0° ciAKov avrov. c A F ‘ a> > 6 dé ti mpos Tabr’ <id’; 6 Tl > / ee , ” aAextpvovos p’ epacke KowAtay exew* “ec \ ~ / > / ” 2-54 7, Taxd yoov Kabépers tapytpiov,” 4 8° ds A€ywv. 7 dpas dcov Kal TodTo Sira Kepdavels; > / /, > 7 Me / , od mavu te piKkpov. GAN’ drep péAAets ToleL. > 4 / > \ \ af)? i / avdpeve vuv' eyw dé Tad0’ Ew dépwr. ~ A dpa TO xphuat Ta Adye” ws TepatveTat. > a nenkoew yap ws *AOnvatol more 8 a bia / duxdoovev él Tats oixiavor Tas SiKkas, a > a Kav Tots mpoOUpots avouxodopnoot mas av7p ¢ ~ / = \ 7 atdT® Sixaornpiduov puKpov mavu, / ~ a domep ‘Exarav, tavtayod mpo t&v Oupdr. > / | eae ae > a ¢ Ad > > A , idov, Tl ér pets; ws amavr eyd hepw 8 Ld , > ” v ~ / dcarép y efdackov, Katt ToAA@ aAciova. dpis pév, Hv otpntidons, adryt > \ ~ mapa ool Kpeunoer eyyds emt Tod marrdAov. codov ye TouTl Kal. yépovT. mpoadopov e€edpes atexv@s ddppaxov orpayyoupias. 8 Kal mOp ye Tovti, Kal mpooéornKkev paxh, podeiv eay Sén Te. a > > / Tobr av de€vov" ” A /, / \ / Kav yap mupértw, Tov ye proOov Anypouat. avrod pevwv yap THv dakhv pophoopnar. arap ti Tov Opyw ws eu’ e&nvéyKate; 8

THE WASPS, 790-815

Then laid me down three mullet scales : and I, I thought them obols, popped them in my mouth ¢ ; O the vile smell! Ola! I spat them out And collared ® him. BD. And what said he? PH. The rascal ! He said I'd got the stomach of a cock. You'll soon digest hard coin, he says, says he. Bp. Then there again you'll get a great advantage. Pu. Ay, ay, that’s something : let’s begin at once. BD. Then stop a moment whilst I fetch the traps. PH. See here now, how the oracles come true. -._Oft have I heard it said that the Athenians One day would try their lawsuits in their homes, That each would have a little Courtlet built For his own use, in his own porch, before His entrance, like a shrine of Hecate.¢ BD. (Bustling in with a quantity of judicial properties) . Now then I hope you're satisfied : I’ve brought All that I promised, and a lot besides. See here I'll hang this vessel on a peg, In case you want it as the suit proceeds. pu. Now that I call extremely kind and thoughtful, And wondrous handy for an old man’s needs. sp. And here’s a fire, and gruel set beside it, All ready when you want it. PH. Good again. Now if I’m feverish I shan’t lose my pay, For here I'll sit, and sip my gruel too. But why in the world have ye brought me out the cock ? @ For carrying money in the mouth ¢f. B. 503, #. 818.

> f\xkov=in ius trahebam. ¢ Small images or shrines of Hecate set up before the doors

that, as representing the Moon, she might guard them at night. 487

ARISTOPHANES

i > “” uA > 7 /

BA. wa y’, Hv Kabeddns arroAoyoupevov Twos, ddiwyv avwhev eEeyeipn o° ovbroot.

“a ” ~ \ > + > > / ei. €v €rt 700M, Ta 8° add’ apéoKet pot. BA. TO Tl; 2 A ” > , \ a fat

#1. Anp@ov et mws exkoploas TO Tod AvKov.

BA. mapeotTt Touti, KadTos avat ovroot. > / > 7 c A be as x : ae 4 a

#1. @ déo708” pws, ws xademos ap’ Hob’ ieiv.

BA. oldamep nyiv paiverati—KAewvupos.

a

ZA. oUKouv éxet y’ od avdTos pws wv Orda.

BA. ef Oarrov éxabilov ot, OGrrov dv dixny éxdAouv.

>

ol. Kane vO, ws Kd Onpac yo maar.

BA. pepe vuv, ry” avT@ mp@rov eloaydyw diknv; Tl Tis KaKOov ddSpaxe TOV ev TH olxia ;

9 Oparra mpockatoaca mpuiny tiv xUTpaV

#1. emlayes ovTos* ws dAlyou pm’ amwddAeoas.

” / \ / / cal avev Spuddkrov thy dSikny péAdets Kareiv, 6 mpatov hiv Tov tep@v edaivero; BA. pa Tov Ai’ od mdpeotw. #1. GAN éya Spayav ~ re. « adtos Kopioduar TO ye mapavTix’ evdobev. / \ a 3 ¢€ \ ¢ ‘ BA. Ti Tote TO xphu; ws Sewov 7H diAoxwpia. / > > / \ / 4

BA. Badd’ és Képakas. TovovTovl tpépew KUVA.

BA. Ti 8 E€oTw éredv;

HA. ob yap 6 AdBns dprics 6 KUwY mapdéas els Tov imvoy avapmdcas Tpopadiba Tupod LiKeAckyy KaredidoKev ;

BA. Toor” dpa mp@rov TaStn HA TO marpl eloaxTéov ror: od S€ KaTnydper Tapwv.

* Cf. 389. B. here produces a little image of him.

» A surprise ; for C. was a notorious coward ; cf. 19.

© ditoxwpla describes the attachment to his old haunts which makes him run after “a railing” such as was used in the law 488

PH.

BD.

. What’s happened now ?

THE WASPS, 816-840

. To wake you, father, crowing over head

In ease you're dozing whilst a prisoner pleads.

. One thing I miss, and only one.

What’s that ? If you could somehow fetch the shrine of Lycus *!

. Here then it is, and here’s the king in person. . O hero lord, how stern you are to see !

. Almost, methinks, like our—Cleonymus.?

. Ay, and ’tis true the hero has no shield !

. If you got seated sooner, I should sooner

Call a suit on.

Call on, I’ve sat for ages. Let’s see : what matter shall I bring on first ? Who’s been at mischief of the household here ? That careless Thratta now, she charred the pitcher. O stop, for goodness’ sake! you've all but killed me. What ! call a suit on with no railing here, Always the first of all our sacred things ? No more there is, by Zeus.

I'll run myself

And forage out whatever comes to hand.

. Heyday! where now? The strange infatuation ! ¢

Psha! rot the dog! To keep a cur like this!

Why, has not Labes 4 here Got to the kitchen safe, and grabbed a cheese,

A rich Sicilian cheese, and bolted it ?

Then that’s the first indictment we'll bring on Before my father : you shall prosecute.

courts to separate the dicasts from the general public. If the meaning is right, the “ railing ” is=cancelli, from which we derive “chancellor.” While P. is gone a sudden scuffle takes place within and the voice of Xanthias is heard exclaiming at a dog.

4 From \apSdrw, like our “ Grip” or “‘ Pincher,” and with a play on laches (cf. 240).

489

ARISTOPHANES

za. pa A’ odk éywy’* an’ drepos dnow Kiwv

KaTNYOpHgEW, a Tis elodyn ypadiv. BA. Ue vuv, ay’ adrw Sedpo.

HA. TaOTa xpi) ToLEtV. BA. TOUTL TL €OTL; #1. xowpokopetov ‘Eorias. Sf? «¢ /, / BA. €l0” tepoovAjoas pépes; $l. ovK, aArX wa

rly Bee 7 / > / > , ,

ad’ “Eotias apyouevos émtpipw twa.

> > ” > > / ¢ > \ ~ 7,

adr’ ciaay’ avicas: ws eyo tidy BAérw. BA. pepe vuv, evéykw Tas cavidas Kal Tas ypadds. $1. oljot, duatpiBers KarroXets Tpubnp<p@v-

eyw 8 ddoxilew ededunv TO xwpiov. BA. (Oov.

#1. KdAew vu. BA. Tatra 5%. $1. tis odToot 6 mp@rtos éoTw; BA. és Koépaxas, ws axOouar,

¢ a am) / \ / > / 6Ti7 *meAabounv tods Kadioxous éexdpéperv.

#1. ovTos av mot Deis;

BA. €ml KadLoKoUS.

ol. - bndapas. eéyw yap elyov Tovode Tovs dpuarixous.

BA. KdAMoTa Tolvuv: mdvTa yap mapeoTt vav dowv Seducla, mAjnv ye 51) THs KAePdpas. eg. \ \ / > : ae | 4

#1. dt dé 57) Tis eorw; ody KAexpvdpa;

BA. €0 y exmopileis av’Ta KamLywpiws.

@ Kiiwy = Kr\éwr. * That pigs might be kept within the precincts of the house is clear from P. 1106. How the fence which encloses them is specially connected with ‘Eoria is not plain, but the name seems

490

845

BD.

BD.

PH. BD.

THE WASPS, 841-859

. Thank you, not I. This other Cur ¢ declares

If there’s a charge, he’ll prosecute with pleasure.

. Bring them both here.

Yes, yes, sir, so I will. (To Phil.) Hallo, what’s this ? Pig-railings from the hearth.

. Sacrilege, eh?

No, but I’d trounce some fellow

(As the phrase goes) even from the very hearth.?

So call away : I’m keen for passing sentence.

Then now I'll fetch the cause-lists and the pleadings. O these delays! You weary and wear me out.

I’ve long been dying to commence my furrows.°

. Now then !

Call on. Yes, certainly. And who Is first in order? Dash it, what a bother ! I quite forgot to bring the voting-urns.

. Goodness ! where now ?

After the urns. Don’t trouble, I'd thought of that. I’ve got these ladling-bowls. That’s capital : then now methinks we have All that we want. No, there’s no water-piece. Water-piece, quotha ! pray what call you this ? ¢ Well thought on, father : and with shrewd home wit.

introduced because at festivals the first libation was poured and the firstlings of the sacrifice were offered to ‘Eoria. Hence the hrase ag’ ‘Eorias dpyecbac came to mean “make a happy

ginning,” and B. wishes to do this by ‘“‘ trouncing someone.”

¢ The condemning line on his mwdx.or, ef. 106 and Introd.

4 He points to the duls which his son had brought, 807, and which is to take the place of the x\eyidpa or water-clock by which the orators spoke,

ze 491

ARISTOPHANES

~ , : GAN’ ws taxoTa Tip tis e€eveyKatw 8€ Kal puppivas Kal tov ABavwrov evdobev, ows av ev&@pec0a mpa&ra tots Oeots.

XO. Kal pnv huets emt tals omovdais Kat tats edyais phpny ayabny Acfopev bpiv, 86

ort yevvaiws €x Tod TroAduou Kat Tod velkous EvveBynTov.

BA. evpnpia bev mpa@ta viv brapxerw. [orp. xO. @ Doi “AzoMov v6’, én’ ayabh rvyn TO Tpayp 6 pnxavarat 87

Eutpooler odtos TH Oupav, dmacw Huiv apudocat Tavaapevois mTAdVwV. 277 / Injue Ilacav. BA. @ Sdoror’ dvak, yetrov ’Ayuied rodp00 mpobdpov

mpoTvAate, 87 / , Ss a ~ A déEar rererHv Kawiv, dvak, iv TO marpt Kawo- TOMOUMEV *

Tmadoov Tt abvrob totro To Xlav orpudvov Kal Tpivwov HOos,

av7l ovpatou peduros poucpov TO Ovpudiw mapapi€as: 75 ° elvaw Tois dvOpebrrots TT Lov adbrov, tovs hevyovtds T° édeciv paMov 88 Tov yparbawevwv KamioaKkptew avTBodovvTwr,

* The obelisk in honour of Apollo which stood in the street (dyud) at the entrance. » The difficulty is that clpacoy, a boiled down wine (defrutum),

492

THE WASPS, 860-882

Ho, there within ! some person bring me out A pan of coals, and frankincense, and myrtle, That so our business may commence with prayer.

CH. We too, as ye offer the prayer and wine, We too will call on the Powers Divine To prosper the work begun ; For the battle is over and done, And out of the fray and the strife to-day Fair peace ye have nobly won. Bp. Now hush all idle words and sounds profane. cu. O Pythian Phoebus, bright Apollo, deign To speed this youth’s design Wrought here, these gates before, And give us from our wanderings rest And peace for evermore. (The shout of Io Paean is raised.) Bp. Aguieus *! my neighbour and hero and lord ! who dwellest in front of my vestibule gate, I pray thee be graciously pleased to accept the rite that we new for my father create. _ O bend to a pliant and flexible mood the stubborn and resolute oak of his will. And into his heart, so crusty and tart, a trifle of honey for syrup ° instil. Endue him with sympathies wide, . A sweet and humane disposition, Which leans to the side of the wretch that is tried, And weeps at a culprit’s petition.

is regularly described as ‘“ sweet.” R. suggests that there is a play on diuldiov “temper” and @vpuidiov, the diminutive of Odpos, a herb much eaten by the Athenian poor (Pl. 253). “ Mix,” prays Bdelycleon, ‘honey with his temper, @ipuid.or, as he is wont to mix mulled wine with his salad, @iju/d.ov.””

493

ARISTOPHANES

Kal mavodevov THs SvaKoAlas > A onl > amo Ths op Thv aKkadndnv adedrcobar. xO. Evvevxopeoba [radia | ool Kamddopev [avr. 88 veaow Gapxais, ctveca TOV mpoheheypevony ebvot yap eopev €€ 0d Tov Shpwov Holdpec0d cov pirobytos wes ovdels dviip TOV ye vewTépwv. 89 BA. et TUs Ovpacw raorijs, eloitw* os quire a Aeywow, ovK eoppnooper. $1. tis dp” 6 pevyeov obtos; doaov dAwcerat. BA. axover 70 THs ypadfs. “ éyparparo Kvwr Kudabqvaceds AaByr’ At~ovéa, 89 TOV TUpoV adiKEiy OTL povos KaTHaOLEV TOV LurceAucov. THT Amos avKWos.” #1. Odvaros pev obv KdVELOS, a amagé arG. BA. Kal pay 6 pevyov obtoal AdBys Tapa. $1. @ putapos obros: ws dé Kal KAemrov Bréree: 90 olov ceonpurs eCamaricew be oleTau. 706 8° ovv 6 dudKwv, 6 Kudabnvareds Kiwv; KTON. ad ad.

BA. mdpeotw. HA. eTepos obTos av AdBns, dyabes y * Dhaxrety Kat dvadeiyew Tas xvTpas. BA. otya, dike, od 8 dvaBas Karnyopel. 90

#1. Pepe vv, dpa tHVvd’ eyxedpevos Kayw podda.

EA. THs pmev ypadis jcovoal Hv eypapauny, avdpes Sikaoral, Tovtovi. deworata yap

* After the solemn prayers, etc. (863 seq.) the judicial pro- ceedings now commence, B. as the xfpvé or usher of the Court first making the customary proclamation.

4094

THE WASPS, 883-908

From harshness and anger to turn, May it now be his constant endeavour, And out of his temper the stern Sharp sting of the nettle to sever. cu. We in thy prayers combine, and quite give in To the new rule, for the aforesaid reasons. Our heart has stood our friend And loved you, since we knew That you affect the people more Than other young men do. Bp. Is any Justice out there ? let him enter.* . We shan’t admit him when they’ve once begun. pu. Where is the prisoner fellow ? won’t he catch it ! Bo. O yes ! attention! (Reads the indictment) Cur of Cydathon Hereby accuses Labes of Aexone, For that, embezzling a Sicilian cheese, Alone he ate it. Fine,® one fig-tree collar. pu. Nay, but a dog’s death, an’ he’s once convicted. Bp. Here stands, to meet the charge, the prisoner Labes, pu. O the vile wretch! O what a thievish look ! See how he grins, and thinks to take me in. Where’s the Accuser, Cur of Cydathon ? cur. Bow! BD. Here he stands. XA. Another Labes this, Good dog to yelp and lick the platters clean. Bp. St! take your seat. (To Cur) Go up and prosecute. pu. Meanwhile I’ll ladle out and sip my gruel. xa. Ye have heard the charge, most honourable judges, I bring against him. Scandalous the trick

> The penalty proposed by the prosecutor. ¢ Xanthias here speaks for Kéwy (=K)éwr). 495

#1,

EA.

$l.

BA.

#1.

ARISTOPHANES

” , > A \ \ ec a Epywv Sédpake Kape Kal TO puTTaat. amodpas yap és Tv ywviav Tupov todd KateatkéAile KavérAnr ev TO oKOTH. \ \ > > A lal , ? > ” / v7 tov Av’, adda dHAds €oT’* Ewouye ToL Tupod KdKLoTOV apTiws évipuyev ; e ‘ Ly P 6 BdeAupos odros. > / > > ~ / Kod peTeowk aiTodvTi [ol. Kairou Tis bpas «0 Tovetv Surjoerar, WV pH TL Kapol Tis mpoBadry TO Kuvi; ovdev peredwrxev 5 obde TH KOWD y? euol, Deppos yap avi)p oddev Arrov Tijs paris. ; , mpos TeV bear, f) Mpokarayliyvwor’, @ maTeEp, mpw av y’ axovons ee > , oyabé, oq TO Tpaywa pavepov cor" adro yap Boa. : pn vuv adaré y’ adrév, ws dvr’ ad odd Kuv@v amdavrwy advdpa povopayioratov, 3 dotis TepitActoas THv Ovetav ev KiKAW ex TOv moAcwv TO oKipov e&edydoKev. 92 > A / > | ” > 39 \ \ c / , . euwol S€ y’ odK €or ovde TH vdpiay mAdoa. i mpos Tatra Tobrov Kohdoar’ od yap av ToTE Tpepew dvvair’ av pla Adxpyn Krérra, do" iva 7) Kexhdyye dud Kevijs dArws eyo?

‘

éav be aE To Aourdv od KekAdyopar. oe lod iov. das Karnyopnoe Tas Tavoupylas. | te

KAémTov TO Xena TdvOpos ov Kat col Soxel, @Aextpvov; vi tov At’, emer ye Tor.

4 73 purmamat, the measured cry to which sailors rowed (ef. F’. 1073); here put for the sailors themselves, m OF. K. 1017, where Cleon claims to be the “ watch-dog ” of

496

Ee ————- eee

THE WASPS, 909-934

He played us all, me and the Sailor-laddies.* Alone, in a corner, in the dark, he gorged,

And munched, and crunched, and Siciliced the cheese! pu. Pheugh! the thing’s evident : the brute this instant Breathed in my face the filthiest whiff of cheese.

O the foul skunk !

XA. And would not give me any, Not though I asked. Yet can he be your friend Who won’t throw anything to Me, the dog ®?

pu. Not give you any! No, nor Me, the state.

The man’s a regular scorcher, (burns his mouth) like this gruel.

Bp. Come don’t decide against us, pray don’t, father, Before you’ve heard both sides.

PH. But, my dear boy,

The thing’s self-evident, speaks for itself.

xa. Don’t let him off ; upon my life he is The most lone-eatingest dog that ever was.

The brute went coasting round and round the mortar,° _ And snapped up all the rind off all the cities.

pu. And I’ve no mortar even to mend my pitcher !

xa. So then be sure you punish him. For why?

One bush, they say, can never keep two thieves. Lest I should bark, and bark, and yet get nothing. And if I do I'll never bark again.

pH. Soh! soh!

Here’s a nice string of accusations truly ! A rare thief of aman! You think so too, Old gamecock? Ay, he winks his eye, he thinks so.

the state. In the next line P. as a representative of the dicastery claims to be the State itself.

¢ Apparently here the pan in which the cheese was kept. sxipov is some hard stuff from which cement could be made, and also the rind of cheese. “In translating I have been obliged to transfer the play on words from cxipov to Ovela”: R.

VOL I Qk 497

ARISTOPHANES

‘ < ~ > /, i 6 Decpobérns. mod of obros; apulda jot SdTw. ~ > ~ BA. avros Kafehod: Tods paptupas yap éoxaArAd. AdBnru aprupas mapeivar, tpvBdAvov, , Soiduxa, TupdKvynotw, éoxydpav, yvTpav, Kal TaAda Ta oKedn TA TPOOKEKAUPEVA. > 2) et , Iv DEPS a \ / 2Q 7 aA’ ere od y” odpeis Kat Kabilers obdérm; | #1. Todrov Sé y’ oly’ eyw yeoeiobar TrHuepov. BA. ovK at od mavoer yaXeTrOs Mv Kal dvcKodos, ‘ A a / > > sQOX ” Kal Tatra Tots pevyovow, GA ddaé exer; avdBaw’, amodoyod. ti ceoudmynKas; déye. #1. add’ ode exew obtds y’ Couey 6 Te dEyy. BA. ovUK, GAA’ éxeivd pot Soxe? memovbévat, Ld A uA ” \ / omep tore hevywv erable Kat MovKvdidys- amomAnkros eéaidvns éyévero tas yvdbous. mapex exTroddv. eyw yap damodoyhoopat. Xarerov pév, vdpes, €or SvaBeBAnwevov ‘ brepatrokpiveobar Kuvds* AdEw 8 Gpws. > ayalos ydp éott Kal SudKer tods AvKous. a1. KAémryns pev obv obtds ye Kal Evvwpdrys. \ > > > » / > ~ ‘ ~ BA. pa Ai’, ddd’ adpiords eott THv vuvi KUVOr, / A olds te moAAots mpoBario ébeordvat. ‘ , lo ” ®1. TL ov Odedos, Tov TUpov €t KaTecbie; a ~ 7 BA. OTt ood mpoudyetar Kal dvddrrer tiv Odpay » | 4 > ” / > > > ¢ / kat TaAN’ dpiatds eoTw: ei 8° bdhetreTO, 4 Eviyyvwht. KiBapilew yap odk éemiorara. y: 8’ > Ad ” ie , 9 #1. eyw 0° €Bovdduny av obdé ypdppara, @ A ~ a wa 1 KaKoupy@v éevéypad hutv tov Adyov. + ~ BA. akovoov ® Sayovie ov TOV papTipwr. * ** Laches, a plain blunt man, and no orator as Cleon was, is so taken aback by the charges brought against him, that he has not a word to say”: R > Cf. A. 703.

* Apparently proverbial, for “he has never had much education ” or the like.

498

THE WASPS, 935-962

Archon! Hi, fellow, hand me down the vessel. Bp. Reach it yourself; I'll call my witnesses. The witnesses for Labes, please stand forward ! Pot, pestle, grater, brazier, water-jug, And all the other scarred and charred utensils. (To Phil.) Good heavens, sir, finish there, and take your seat! pu. I guess I'll finish him before I’ve done. Bp. What! always hard and pitiless, and that } To the prisoners, always keen to bite ! (To Labes) Up, plead your cause: what, quite dumbfounded 4? speak. pH. Seems he’s got nothing in the world to say. BD. Nay, ‘tis a sudden seizure, such as once Attacked Thucydides ® when brought to trial. *Tis tongue-paralysis that stops his jaws. (To Labes) Out ofthe way! I'll plead your cause myself. O sirs, ‘tis hard to argue for a dog Assailed by slander : nevertheless, I’ll try. *Tis a good dog, and drives away the wolves. pu. A thief I call him, and consPrraTor. Bp. Nay, he’s the best and worthiest dog alive, Fit to take charge of any number o’ sheep. pu. What use in that, if he eat up the cheese ? pp. Use! why, he fights your battles, guards your door 5 The best dog altogether. If he filched, Yet O forgive : he never learnt the lyre.° pu. I would to heaven he had never learned his letters, Then he’d not given us all this tiresome speech.? Bp. Nay, nay, sir, hear my witnesses, I beg.

4 The dog, says the Scholiast, is supposed to have “ given his advocate a written speech.”

499

PI. BA.

I.

BA.

$i. BA.

$1.

BA. Pl. BA.

$l.

ARISTOPHANES

> / / A / , avaBnO., tupdkvynot., Kal A€Eov péya* od yap Tapevovo’ ETvXYes. amdoKpwar cadds, el 7) KaTeKVnoas Tols oTpaTiwTats GAafes. 9 pyot KaTakvijoa. v7 Av’, adda pevderar. > / > *\ 7 / ® Sayove’, eAder Tadautwpovpevous. * \ c / \ / > > , ovTos yap 6 AdBns Kat Tpaxnrc eabier Kal Tas axdvOas, kovdermor” €v rave [evel ; 68 Erepos olds corw oixoupos povov. 9 avrob peevay yap dra” av elow Ts P€pn: TOUTWY perauret TO pépos* et dé pj, SaKver. aiBoi, Ti Kakov mot’ é€o8 rw paddrropa; kaxdv Te mepyBatver pe KavarelOopa. wy? 3 mn ? + , > 2 7 > , . U0’, avttBorX o°, oixreipar’ avrov, @ marep, 9 Kat pn Siadbeipnre. mod Ta maLdia; dvaBaiver’, @ movnpa, Kal Kvulovpeva aitetre KavTiBoreire Kal Saxpvere. / / / 4, katdBa KatdBa kardBa KaraBa. KaraBjoopat :

Kaitou TO kar dBo. Tobro moAAovs 87) ma&vu efqmdrnKer. arap Ops KaraBroopat. és Kopaxas. ws ovK dyabov €oTt TO pogeiv. eya ‘yap dareddxpuoa vov, yaunv eunv, ovdev moté y’ GAN 7 THs hakhs eumAnpevos. ovKovy amopedyer Sita;

yaAemov <idévat, 9 0, & marpioiov, emt Ta Berri Tpemov. rave AaBav thy Pidhov emt tov vorepov pvoas mapafov KamdAvoov, @ marep. od dra: Kilapilew yap odk émliorapar.

« “The judges would say, That will do, get down: and the

500

S PH.

BD.

PH. BD.

PH. ~~ Some ill’s afoot : I’m nearly giving in. BD.

PH.

BD. PH. BD.

PH.

THE WASPS, 963-989

Grater, get in the box, and speak well out. You kept the mess ; I ask you, answer plainly, Did you not grate the spoil between the soldiers ? He says he did.

Ay, but I vow he’s lying. O sir, have pity upon poor toiling souls. Our Labes here, he lives on odds and ends, Bones, gristle : and is always on the go. That other Cur is a mere stay-at-home, Sits by the hearth, and when one brings aught in Asks for a share: if he gets none, he bites. O me, what ails me that I grow so soft !

O, I beseech you, father, show some pity, Don’t crush him quite. Where are his little cubs ? Up, little wretches, up ; and whimpering there Plead for your father: weep, implore, beseech. (Deeply affected) Get down, get down, get down, get down. I will.

Yet that “ get down,” I know, has taken in @ A many men. However I'll get down. Dash it! this guzzling ain’t the thing at all. Here was I shedding tears, and seems to me Only because I have gorged myself with gruel. Then will he not get off ?

"Tis hard to know. O take, dear father, take the kindlier turn. Here, hold this vote : then with shut eyes dash by To the Far Urn.? O father, do acquit him. No, no, my boy. I never learnt the lyre.°

prisoner would get down, expecting an acquittal and presently find himself condemned”: R.

> The one in which votes for acquittal were placed. ¢ i.e.“ I know ajudge’s duty, and I knowno more”: R. Cf. 959.

50]

ARISTOPHANES

/ 4 \ A re / a BA. déepe viv oe THdL THY TaxloTHY TEpLayw. 99 #1. 00 €00’ 6 mporepos; BA. ovTos. WA > / #1. atrn “vrevbevi.

BA. eénmdryntat, KamroAdAuKev ody Eady. hep e€epacw.

#1. TOs ap hywviopeba;

BA. dei€ew eouxev’ exmrédevyas, & AdBys. matep matep, Ti meémovlas;

~ A

#1. oot, 708 “of” vdwp; 99 BA. €7aipe oavTov. 1. eimé vuv éxeivd jo,

dvtws amépuye; BA. vy AP

> , Dine »”

#1. oddev eu’ dpa.

BA. pen ppovrions, @ Sauuove’ , GAN avioraco.

$1. 7s obv euavT® TobT ey Euveicopuat, pevyovr’ amoAvoas avipa; Ti mote Trelcopar; 10 add’, ® ToduTipntoL Beoi, fbyyurré pou dicey yap air’ edpaca. Kov Tovpod TpdmroU.

BA. Kal pndev ayavaxre y’. eyd yap ao, @ marep, Operpun Kards, dye peT epavTob TavTaxod, éml Setmvov, eis Evpmdovov, éml Dewpiav, 10 dol 7déws Sudyew oe Tov Aoumdv xpdvov' KovK eyyavetrat o e€aratradv “YmépBodos. adn’ eiciwper.

#1. Tatra viv; eimep Soxet. xo. GAN’ tre yaipovtes drow BovAeoO’.

* The Chorus here dismiss the actors and address the audience in the Parabasis. This is here perfect in its seven parts as defined by Pollux (iv. 112)—(1) «oupdriov a short prelude, 1009-

502

So

THE WASPS, 990-1009

_ Bp. Here, let me lead you round the handiest way.

pu. Is this the Nearer?

BD. This is.

PH. In she goes.

BD. (.4side) Duped, as I live! acquits him by mistake ! (Aloud) I'll do the counting.

PH. Well, how went the battle ?

Bp. We shall soon see. O Labes, you're acquitted ! Why, how now, father ?

PH. (Faintly) Water, give me water !

BD. Hold up, sir, do.

PH. Just tell me only this,

~-. Ts he inDEED acquitted ?

‘BD. es,

PH. I’m done for.

Bp. Don’t take it so to heart : stand up, sir, pray.

pu. How shall I bear this sin upon my soul ? A man acquitted! What awaits me now? Yet, O great gods! I pray you pardon me, Unwilled I did it, not from natural bent.

pp. And don’t begrudge it ; for I’ll tend you well, And take you, father, everywhere with me, To feasts, to suppers, to the public games. Henceforth in pleasure you shall spend your days, And no Hyperbolus delude and mock you. But go we in.

PH. Yes, if you wish it, now.

CH. ‘Yea, go rejoicing your own good way,*

Wherever your path may be ;

1014; (2) the Parabasis proper 1015-50, where the poet speaks in his own character, ending (3) with the Pnigos 1051-9 (so called because it was to be ‘“‘ sung without taking breath”’). Then come (4) the orpop} 1060-70 ; (5) the éxlppnua 1071-90 ; (6) dvricrpodos 1091-1101; and (7) dvrerippnua 1102-21, in which the Chorus explains its own character.

503

ARISTOPHANES

byeis S€ Téws, @ pupiddes

avapiOunrot,

vov pev Ta peAdov7” €b Héye- A / 4 ay?

cba ph méon pavrAws xapal

evAaPetabe.

Tobro yap oxa@v Oearav

€oTl mdoxew, Kod mpos budv.

vov adre Aew mpdaxere TOv voby, elmep KaBapor Tt piAciTeE. 19;

, \ a a ¢ A ~ > cal peurpacbar yap totor Dearats 6 mourys viv emOupet. > a / / , > > ‘ Ss ddixetobar yap dnow mpotrepos TOAN’ adrovs €b TrETTOLN-

KwS,

Ta pev od davep@s, add” éemixouvpdv KpvPdnv éréporot

mars

pepenodmevos THY EdpuxAcous pavrelay Kat didvoray,

eis aMorptas yaorépas evdds KwmwouKd ToAAG xeacta: 10

pera TobTo dé Kal pavepiis non Kwdvvevwv Kal” caurey, od addoTpiwv, GAN’ oikeiwy Movody ordpal? Hrioxjoas. > \ \ / \ ‘ ¢ > \ / ~ EPA a oe apleis dé wéyas Kat TYysnBels ads oddels mebmoT Ev duiv, > > /, \ > ‘ 293 3 lal A /

ovk exTeéoa pyatv errapbels 008’ 6yk@oat TO dpovnpa,, ovdé taAaioTtpas mepikwudlew meip@v: ovd el TIS

> /

epaorTis, ;

cal eo ~ ~ ” ‘ MER

Kwpumdcio0ar TaLdly’ EavTod puoc@v €omevde mpos avTov, ovdevi mwmoTe hyo TiOécOa, yuwpnv Tw” ExwY ETLELKT),

* His early comedies, including the Acharnians, were exhibited in the name of Callistratus,

504

10:

THE WASPS, 1010-1027

But you, ye numberless myriads, stay And listen the while to me.

Beware lest the truths I am going to say Unheeded to earth should fall ;

For that were the part of a fool to play, And not your part at all.

Now att ye people attend and hear, if ye love a simple and genuine strain, For now our poet, with right good will, of you, spectators, must needs complain. Ye have wronged him much, he protests, a bard ee who had served you often and well before ; Partly, indeed, himself unseen, assisting others to please you more ; 4 With the art of a Eurycles, weird and wild, he loved to dive in a stranger’s breast,® And pour from thence through a stranger’s lips full many a sparkling comical jest ; _ And partly at length in his own true form, as he challenged his fate by himself alone, And the Muses whose bridled mouths he drave, were never another’s, were all his own. And thus he came to a height of fame . which none had ever achieved before, Yet waxed not high in his own conceit, nor ever an arrogant mind he bore. He never was found in the exercise-ground, corrupting the boys : he never complied With the suit of some dissolute knave, who loathed that the vigilant lash of the bard should chide His vile effeminate boylove. No! he kept to his purpose pure and high,

> E. was an éyyaorpluvdos or “ ventriloquist.” 505

ARISTOPHANES

iva tas Movcas alow yphrat pu) Tpowywyods arrodiyn. 9Q39 ~ / 7, > / > 4 oe: ek ovd’ bre mp@rov y’ Hp€e Siddoxew, avOpamois dyjo’ €em-

béc0a,

> 2 € / > ff > 4 a / >

aAW “HpakdA€ous opyjv tw’ Exwv Toto peyloTots E7t- xeupety, 1

Opacéws Evotas edOds an’ apxyfs abt@ TO Kapxap- ddovTt,

ob Sewdrarat pev ar’ 6fbadAuav Kivyns arrives €Aaprov, éxatov d€ KUKAW Kedadal KodrdKwv oipwEowevwv eux L@vTO \ \ Xr / \ 5” t a3) 5A. 6 mept THY Kehadnv, dwvyv & elyev yapadpas oAeHpov TETOKULAS, dakns S dopyv, Aapias 8 dpxeus arAvTous, mpwKrov Se KapyAov. 1¢ ~ > \ / + / ~ To.otrov idwy Tépas od dyow Seloas KaTradwpodoKjaar, GAN drrép SuGv Ere kal vuvi moAepet: Pyotv re per” adroo Tots nmudAou emixeiphoa Tépvow Kal Tots mupeTotow, ol Tovs Tarépas T HyXov vUKTwWP Kal Tods TdmTOUS

amrémvuyov, / , + Le ed | a , | ne | a > / KaTakAwdpevolT emt Tais KolTaLs em Tolow ampaypLoow OULOV 1

avTwpoctas Kal mpookAjcets Kal wapTupias auveKdAAwr, wot avarrnddav Seysaivovras TroAAods ws Tov moAEwapxov. To.ove ebpovres aAckixakov, Ths xopas THade Kalapryy,

* Lit. “began to teach” i.e. the Chorus supplied by the State, thus producing the play in his own name as cwumdodiddoxanos, which he first did in the Knights.

» The epithet also applied to Cleon, K. 1017.

¢ A shameless prostitute.

4 Lit. “heads”; the reference is to Typhoeus with his hundred snake-heads (xe@ahal dqguos, Hes. T'heog. 825).

¢ He refers to the attack on the Sophists made the year before in the Clouds. “* As agues and fevers,” says the Scholiast, “harm men’s bodies, so do these men the city.”

506

i a eee

THE WASPS, 1028-1043

That never the Muse, whom he loved to use, the villainous trade of a bawd should ply. When first he began to exhibit plays, no paltry men for his mark he chose, He came in the mood of a Heracles forth to grapple at once with the mightiest foes. In the very front of his bold career with the jag-toothed ® Monster he closed in fight, Though out of its fierce eyes flashed and flamed the glare of Cynna’s ¢ detestable light, And a hundred horrible sycophants’ tongues 4 were twining and flickering over its head, And a voice it had like the roar of a stream which has just brought forth destruction and dread, And a Lamia’s groin, and a camel’s loin, and foul as the smell of a seal it smelt. But He, when the monstrous form he saw, no bribe he took and no fear he felt, For you he fought, and for you he fights : and then last year with adventurous hand He grappled besides with the Spectral Shapes, the Agues and Fevers that plagued our land ; ¢ That loved in the darksome hours of night to throttle fathers, and grandsires choke, That laid them down on their restless beds, and against your quiet and peaceable folk Kept welding together proofs and writs and oath against oath, till many a man

Sprang up, distracted with wild affright,

and off in haste to the Polemarch ran.’

Yet although such a champion 9 as this ye had found, to purge your land from sorrow and shame,

f i.e. for help; cf. 80a rots wodiras 6 dpxwr, Tatra rots uerolkos 6 mrorépapxos, Arist. Pol. Ath. 58.

9 ddekixaxos is a special epithet of Heracles; cf. C. 1372. 59

ARISTOPHANES

mépvow Katampovoore KatvoTatais omelpavT adrov d.a- voias,

as bro TOD [L1) yavar Kabapas b dpeis emoujoar ’ dvaddets * 10

KaiTou omevoey morn’ emt moMois 6, dpvuow tov Avovucov

pi) mémor dapeivov” ern TovTwy Kwum@duKa pndev”

aKovoat. ~ \ > wv , ¢ a . A an A lol TOUTO pev oov €a0 vpiv alaxpov Tots wy yvovaw Tapa- Xpiea,

6 dé mounTrs ovdev xXelpwv mapa Toto oogois VEVOMLOTAL, ei tapehatvew Tovs avrimddous Thy érrivovay Evverpuper. 10

adAa TO Aourov THY TonTav, @ Saydvior, rods Cntrobvras Kawov Ti Aéyew Kakevpioxew ~ ? otépyete pGAAov Kat Oepamedvere, kal Ta vorjpata able? atradv: 1¢ > / Ul > > A ‘ eoBdadreTé 7” eis Tas KiBwTods peta TOV pnrwv.

“ A af? c¢ a > Kav tadra tron’, duiv de’ Erous TOv iwariev > / / olnoe de€vryTOos.

s , > » er ah he 9 a @ mwddat mor ovrTes tuets aGAKipwor ev ev xopois, X dAkysor 8° ev pdaxais, \ > » ae | \ / ~ > w+ > ¢ Kal Kat’ avTo $7) wovov TobrT’ avdpes aAKkyswrarot, mplv tot hv, mplv Tatra: viv & A olyerat, KUKVOU TE ‘ye ToAWWTEepat 81) aid’ éravOotow tpixes. 1

* i.e. when the Clouds was rejected.

>’ uhdtwv: “ this is, I suppose, citrons, uijha Ilepouxad or Mndcxd . . « commonly placed in wardrobes to preserve clothes from moths and the like”; R,

508

F 'THE WASPS, 1044-1065

‘Ye played him false when to reap, last year, the fruit of his novel designs he came,* | “Which, failing to see in their own true light, | ye caused to fade and wither away. _ And yet with many a deep libation, invoking Bacchus, he swears this day ; That never a man, since the world began, has witnessed a cleverer comedy. BYicues i is the shame that ye lacked the wit its infinite merit at first to see. _ But none the less with the wise and skilled the bard his accustomed praise will get, p though when he had distanced all his foes, his noble Play was at last upset.

But O ror the future, my Masters, pray Show more regard for a genuine Bard Who is ever inventing amusements new And fresh discoveries, all for you. . Make much of his play, and store it away, And into your wardrobe throw it With the citrons ® sweet : and if this you do, Your clothes will be fragrant, the whole year through, With the volatile wit of the Poet.

O or oLp renowned and strong, in the choral dance and song, In the deadly battle throng, And in this, our one distinction, manliest we, mankind among ! Ah, but that was long ago : Those are days for ever past : Now my hairs are whitening fast, Whiter than the swan they grow.

509

ARISTOPHANES

GANG KaK Tov. Aeupdvov Set Tove pwunv veavixny axetv* ws eya Todpov vopilw yijpas elva Kpeirtov 7) moA- ASv Kikivvovs veavri@v Kal oXnwa KedpuTpwKTiav.

” e a > / \ | es | DN 4 el Tis Duav, @ Oecaral, rHv eunv dav dvow - / > ca / / etra Oavpdler pw’ dp@v pécov SveopnKkwpevor, ~ ~ / YTis Hav eorw % "mivowa Ths éyKevTpioos, iJ / > \ / ce nn ” \ (ioe ) padiws eyw didd&w, “Kav dpovoos 7H TO mpi. €opev Hucis, ois mpoceott ToOTO TovppoTUyLoy, ’"Arrixol povor ducaiws eyyevets adtoxboves, al / avipukwrarov yévos Kal mAciora Tivde THY TOAW > a > 4, ef 19's > ¢ / adedfjoav ev pdxyoaow, vik’ WAV’ 6 BdpBapos, TO KaTv@ TUdwv dnacav THY TOAW Kal TUpTOAaY, eEcreiv judv pevowav mpos Biav ravOpyna. > / \ > , \ / \ > / ev0éws yap exdpapydvres adv Sdper odv aomids a , euaxopuecO” adbrotor, Oupov o€ivnv metwKores, A a8 > »+ > re gt | a A 4 b] / oTas avnp tap avdp’, bx” dpyhs thy xeAdvnv eobiwvs A a / bio b€ THv Tokevudtwv odvK Hv ideiv Tov odpavor.

* The Chorus in what follows speak of themselves as veterans of the Persian war. But “in making them actually present at the battle of Marathon, 68 years before, . . . Aristophanes is treating them as types rather than individuals’: R.

» The Greek phrase is borrowed from the Stheneboea of Euripides, where it is Love that makes a man a poet “ though he was not one before’; cf. Plato, Symp. 196 &.

* Referring to the Spartan reply at Thermopylae when word was brought that the Persian arrows would “ hide the sun ”’— * That is good news: we shall fight in the shade”; ef. Herod. Vii. 226.

510

;

j

THE WASPS, 1066-1084

Yet in these our embers low still some youthful fires must glow. Better far our old-world fashion, Better far our ancient truth, Than the curls and dissipation Of your modern youth.*

Do you wonder, O spectators, thus to see me spliced and braced, Like a wasp in form and figure, tapering inwards at the waist ? Why I am so, what’s the meaning of this sharp and pointed sting, Easily I now will teach you, though you “ knew not anything.”’? We on whom this stern-appendage, this portentous tail is found, Are the genuine old Autochthons, native children of the ground ; We the only true-born Attics, of the staunch heroic breed, Many a time have fought for Athens, guarding her in hours of need ; When with smoke and fire and rapine forth the fierce Barbarian came, Eager to destroy our wasps-nests, smothering all the town in flame, Out at once we rushed to meet him : on with shield and spear we went, Fought the memorable battle, primed with fiery hardiment ; Man to man we stood, and, grimly, gnawed for rage our under lips. Hah! their arrows hail so densely, all the sun is in eclipse ! ¢ 511

ARISTOPHANES

GAN ouws arewodpecoba Edv Oeots mpos éomépav. 10 yAaté yap iudv mpiv padyeo8at Tov orparov dvenTaTO.

> i ia ny , 5 ‘ , e(ra 5° cimdpeoba Ouvvalovres eis tovs OvAdKous,

€ > \ / A A > ~ , ot 5° edfevyov tas yvdbous Kal tas dppis KevTovpevot* ote mapa tots BapBdpovor mavraxyod Kal viv ere pndev ’Arrixod Kadciobar odnkds avdpixdrepov. 16

dpa Sewos 7 To0 wore mdévra pr) SedouKevar, Kal KaTeoTpeaunv Tovs evavtious, TA€wy exeioe Tals Tpinpeow. od yap Hv Hiv ows a | ee phow ed AdEew euédAdopev Tor’, oddE 10 ovKopavTycew Twa / > > @ Re 4 ” dpovtis, aA’ otis epéryns €- cour’ dpioTos. Tovyapody moA- Ads modes Mydav €éddvtes, > / / airwwtato. pépecbau Tov Pdpov Seip’ eopev, dv KAé- 1] TTOVOW Ob VEwTEpOL.

“~ ~ e lod > LA > © ff * moAAaxyot oKxorobvTes Huds eis aravl’ edpyjoere Tovs Tpdmovs Kal TIv Siaitay odntiv eudepeorarovs. mpata pev yap oddev nua@v CHov jpeOvopevov

@ The bird of Athene and the best of auguries for Athenians.

>» The Epirrhema showed that the stinging wasp was no unfit emblem of the Chorus in their youth. “The Antepirrhema is designed to show that old and feeble as they have now become, there is yet much in their dicastic life and habits to remind the observer of that irritable and gregarious insect”: R.

512

THE WASPS, 1085-1104

Yet we drove their ranks before us, ere the fall of eventide: As we closed, an owl @ flew o’er us, and the Gops were on our side ! Stung in jaw, and cheek, and eyebrow, fearfully they took to flight, We behind them, we harpooning at their slops with all our might : So that in barbarian countries, even now the people call Attic wasps the best, and bravest, yea, the manliest tribe of all !

Mune was then a life of glory, never craven fear came o’er me __. Every foeman quailed before me As across the merry waters, fast the eager galleys bore me. *Twas not then our manhood’s test, Who can make a fine oration ? Who is shrewd in litigation ? It was, WHO CAN ROW THE BEST ? Therefore did we batter down many a hostile Median town. And ’twas we who for the nation Gathered in the tribute pay, Which the younger generation Merely steal away.

You wit find us very wasplike,? if you scan us through and through,

In our general mode of living, and in all our habits too.

First, if any rash assailant dare provoke us, can there be

VOL. I 2% 513

ARISTOPHANES

, paAXAov o€¥bupdv eorw oddé SvaKoAdrepov*

A > Lid / \ / elra TAN’ Gpuora mdvta ody Ei pynyavapeba.

/ A ee ta ¢ A > 14 EvAdeyevtes yap Kal” éopods, Womepel TavOpyuia, of pev Nudv odrep dpxwy, ot dé mapa Tovs evdeka,

¢ 8 > Dd / 8 / > ¢ 8 \ A a 7 of 8 ev wdeim Sixdlovo’, ot 5 mpds Tots Tevxiows, EvpBeBvopevor muKvov vevovtes eis THY yhv, woAts woTep of oKwAnkes ev Tois KUTTApOLs KWOUpEVOL. és Te THY GAAnv Siaitdv eopev edropwratot. mdvTa yap KevTodpev avdpa KaKzropilopev Biov. > \ \ ~ Cc a a 2 > la dAda yap Kyndives hiv eioly éyrabjpevor, ovK EXOVTES KEVTPOV* OL LévovTEs HU@V TOD ddpov Tov yovov Kareabiovow, od tadaimwpovpevot. tovTo 8’ €or’ dAy.orov Hiv, jv Tis GoTpadtrevTos GV expoph Tov probov judy, Thade THs xwpas vrep / 7 /, A / (a Av Y 4 Ad / pate KwTHY pyre Adyynv pyre dAvKTawav aBodv. GAN’ €uoi Soxet To Aowrov THv Tokutav euBpaxd Lid a” 4. 9 ‘ / \ , / A Gots av M7) "XN TO KEeVTpOV, 47) Pépew TpLwbBodov.

mv A ~ ~ > 7 $1. ov Tor mote (Hv Tobrov amodvljoopat,

* The heads of the police. They seem to have had a special court-house called Ilapdé8verov. The various courts to which the dicasts might be summoned are mentioned to show how ubiquitous thev were. re :

® Most explain as a reference to demagogues, but R. to men ** who have never toiled or fought in the service of Athens ” and ought therefore to be excluded from “ dicastic pay and privileges.”

¢ From here the play ceases to have a definite purpose. B. and P. re-enter, aid the son tries to convert his father to the habits of “ society ” (to dress smartly, 1122-73, to talk fashion- ably, 1174-1207, and so on), with the result that Philocleon gets drunk and riotous, and the play ends as a mere farce so as to win the applause of the vulgar.

514

THE WASPS, 1105-1122

Any creature more vindictive, more irascible than we ? Then we manage all our business in a waspish sort of way, Swarming in the Courts of Justice, gathering in from day to day, Many where the Eleven @ invite us, many where the Archon calls, Many to the great Odeum, many to the city walls. There we lay our heads together, densely packed, and stooping low, Like the grubs within their cells, with movement tremulous and slow. And for ways and means in general . we're superlatively good, Stinging every man about us, culling thence a livelihood Yet we’ve stingless drones” amongst us, idle knaves who sit them still, Shrink from work, and toil, and labour, stop at home, and eat their fill, Eat the golden tribute-honey our industrious care has wrought. This is what extremely grieves us, that a man who never fought Should contrive our fees to pilfer, é one who for his native land Never to this day had oar, or lance, or blister in his hand. Therefore let us for the future pass a little short decree, Whoso wears no sting shall never carry off the obols three.

pu. No! No! I'll never put this off alive.° 515

BA. $I.

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$1. BA.

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$1.

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ARISTOPHANES

€mel ovos P eowoe TapaTeTaypevov, 60? 6 Bopéas 6 péyas éreotpatetoaro. > ‘ ” ) \ > Cal Cal dyaov €oukas oddev emiOupety mrabeiv. pea TOV A? ‘ od yap ovdauads por Evpdopov. Kal L yop TpOTEpov erravOpaxideov eutrAnwevos drédunx’ odeiAwy TA yvadet TprwBo ov. adn’ ody merretpdaw y’, emedymep y’ ana€é €u“ol ceavTov mapadédwKas €b mroveiv, Ti ovv KeArevets Spay pe;

Tov Tpipwr’ dades* Tqvot dé yAatvay avaBaob TpiBwviKds. €metTa maidas xe?) pre? Kal tpédeww, 60 ovTool pe viv amomviéat BovAcrau ; ex’, dvaBadob Tqvot AaBosv, Kat pny AdAeu. Toutt TO KaKOV Ti €oTL mpos mavToov bedv; of pev Kadodar Ilepaid’, of 5€ Kavvd«ny. > \ \ la 77 / eye de ovodpay wounv Ovparriba. Kod Badpd. y * €& Udpders yap ovK eA7jAvbas. éyvws yap av: viv 8 obyt yuyvdoets.

eyo;

\ \ > ° , oth a /, pd. Tov At’? od Towuy: arap Soxet ye pou eourevat pddvora Mopvxou odypare.. ovK, GAN’ év "ExBardvovor rad idaivera. ev ’ExBardvowor yiyverar Kpoxns york;

, > 10? > \ =e A ? mo0ev, aya’; adda Tobro Toto. BapBdpois bhaiverar modAais Samdvais. avrn ye Tor Epiov TdAavTov KaTamemuKe padies. oUKovv epubAny OAT expay abriy KaAdeiv

SuxavoTepov yy’ 7 KavvaKny;

@ i.e. his mean unfashionable cloak (rpiBdv).

» A soft warm Persian robe of thick wool, with rough shaggy locks on one side, which in 1140 P. rudely compares to intestines.

516

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1k.

11

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lL

PH.

THE WASPS, 1123-1149

With this * I was arrayed, and found my safety, In the invasion of the great north wind.

. You seem unwilling to accept a good. . "Tis not expedient : no by Zeus it is not.

*Twas but the other day I gorged on sprats

And had to pay three cbols to the fuller.

Try it at all events : since once for all

Into my hands you have placed yourself for good.

. What would you have me do?

Put off that cloak. And wear this mantle in a cloak-like way.

. Should we beget and bring up children then,

When here my son is bent on smothering me ?

. Come, take and put it on, and don’t keep chattering.

Good heavens ! and what’s this misery of a thing ? Some call it Persian, others Caunacés.?

. There! and I thought it a Thymaetian ° rug. . No wonder: for you’ve never been to Sardis,

Else you’d have known it: now you don't.

Who? I? No more I do by Zeus: it seemed to me Most like an overwrap of Morychus.?

. Nay, in Ecbatana they weave this stuff. . What! have they wool-guts in Ecbatana ? . Tut, man: they weave it in their foreign looms

At wondrous cost : this very article

Absorbed with ease a talent’s weight of wool. Why, then, woor-GaTHERER ¢ were its proper name Instead of Caunacés.

¢ Thymaetadae was an Attic deme on the coast; but nothing is known of these rugs.

4 A voluptuary, cf. 506.

* épdy is “a hurricane”; but P. invents a derivation from %pov and 8\\vjsu=‘* wool-destroyer.”

517

——

ARISTOPHANES BA. ex’, dyabé, Kal otf? davapmoxopevos. $1. oipou SetAaos* 1

ws Oepyov 7) puapa Ti ov KaTipuyev. . BA. ovK avaPade?; #1. pa A’ otk éywy’. adr, dyablé, eimep y’ avdayKn, KpiPavov p dapmioyere. BA. dep’, GAN eye oe rrepiPard- od 8 obdv ih. #1. mapd0ov ye pevTou Kal Kpedypay. BA. Tu TL On; = I a9) Se F . / o1. Ww’ e&éAns pe mp SieppunKkevar. A e , A / > /, BA. dye vuv, droAvov Tas KaTapdtous euPadas, ‘ > > 4, ec / ‘ / Tract 8 avtoas brddvhi tas Aaxwvikds. > ‘ ‘ a“ / € 7 , #1. eyw yap av tAainv brodvcacbai more ex$pav map’ avip@v dvopeva xattvpara; 11k ” 7Q> > -~ > / > > / BA. evles 1708’, @ TGv, KamdBaw’ éppwyevws eis tHv Aakwrikny avioas. #1. dduxeis yé pe > ~ / > / A / eis yhv moAcepiav amoBibdlwv tov moda. BA. dépe Kal Tov ETEpor. $1. pndayas tobrov y’, éezet mdvv pcoddKkwy adtod ’otw els Tv SaxtvAwy. 11 BA. oUK €oTt mapa Tadr’ GAXa. #1. Kakodaimwv eya, @ a* 4 / / LAND! / GoTis em yipa xipetAov ovdev Anjifopar. BA. avuadv 708” drodvaduevos: elra mAovoiws eo ‘ / / wWdi mpoBas tpvdepdv ti SiacaAakedvicor.

* With which they struck into a cauldron or pot to bring up the meat; cf. 1 Sam. ii. 14.

518

THE WASPS, 1149-1169

BD. Come, take it, take it, Stand still and put it on. PH. O dear, O dear, O what a sultry puff the brute breathed o’er me ! BD. Quick, wrap it round you. PH. No, I won’t, that’s flat, You had better wrap me in a stove at once. Bp. Come then, I'll throw it round you. (To the cloak) You, begone. pH. Do keep a flesh-hook @ near. BD. A flesh-hook ! why ? pH. To pull me out before I melt away. BD. Now off at once with those confounded shoes, And on with these Laconians,? instantly. pH. What I,my boy! I bring myself to wear The hated foe’s insufferable—cloutings ! Bp. Come, sir, insert your foot, and step out firmly In this Laconian. PH. *Tis too bad, it is, To make a man set foot on hostile—leather.° BD. Now for the other. PH. O no, pray not that, I’ve a toe there, a regular Lacon-hater. Bp. There is no way but this. PH. O luckless I, Why I shan’t have, to bless my age, one—chilblain. BD. Quick, father, get them on: and then move forward Thus ; in an opulent swaggering sort of way.4

> Red shoes, fashionable, and of excellent quality. ;

¢ In 1102 éu8dda is understood with Aaxwi«jvy, but P. supplies viv instead. “ He speaks of the soleam Laconicam as if it were solum Laconicum”: R.

@ The Greek has a pun on Adxwy. “* Wear your Aakxwyixds so as cack Nakwvifew va cadaxwritew, to show yourself off with a fashionable strut”:

519

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$l.

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el.

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ARISTOPHANES

> , ~ \ Kod \ / >, @ idov. Oe To oxHpwa, Kal oKear pp’ oT@ / > \ 19 ~ Xr ‘ pdrdor eovxa THv Padivow tav tAovaiwv. ¢ a , ? / 6Tw; Sobvive oxdpodov judrecpevy. Kal pv mpobvpodpal ye cavdAompwKtiav. dye vuv, éemotioer Adyous ceuvods A€yew avipa@v tapovrwy toAvpabdy Kat deEvdv; eywye. , a> “ / tiva oT av A€yos; moAAods mavu. ~ A e € /, > ¢ a > > / mpa@tov pev ws 7 Adpu’ adoto’ ézépdero, ” > e ¢ / \ / éreita 8 ws 6 Kapdoriwy tiv pntépa. / / 50 GAAG ~ > 6 / py pot ye pvOous, adda T&v avOpwrivwr, olovs Aéyowev pdAvora Tods Kat’ oikiav. éy@oa Tolvuy TOV ye mdvu Kat’ oikiay > al ¢ ce 4 te 2d ~ \ a) exeivov, ws “‘ovtTw ToT Hv pds Kal yadq. > \ > / La ” @ oxae Karaidevte, Ocoyevns edy T® KoTporsyw, Kal Tatra AowWopovpevos, “~ \ ~ / if > > , pds Kal yards péAdes Adyew ev avdpdow; motous twas dé xpr) A€yew; peyaAomperrets, ws Evvebewpers "AvdpoxAct Kat KAcvobever. > \ A LA / > > ~ eyw dé telewpyKa tumor ovdapod mAnv és IIdpov, Kai rabra bv’ dBodd dépwv. GAN’ obv Aéyew xpy o ws eudxerd y? adtixa > a ’"Edoviiwy mayxpdtiov “Aokavda Kadds, ” 7 “ \ /, ” /, 70n ‘yépwv dv Kat troAwds, Exwv S€ ToL

@ “The old man puffing himself out under his Persian robe is

compared to a boil with a garlic plaster on it”: R,

520

1

PH. BD. PH. BD.

PH.

BD. :

PH.

BD. PH. BD. PH. BD. PH.

BD.

THE WASPS, 1170-1192

Look then! observe my attitudes : think which Of all your opulent friends I walk most like. Most like a pimple bandaged round with garlic.* Ay, ay, I warrant I’ve a mind for wriggling. Come, if you get with clever well-read men Could you tell tales, good gentlemanly tales ? Ay, that I could. What sort of tales ? Why, lots, As, first, how Lamia spluttered when they caught her, And, next, Cardopion, how he swinged his mother. Pooh, pooh, no legends : give us something human, Some what we call domestic incident. O, ay, I know a rare domestic tale, How once upon a time a cat and mouse— O fool and clown, Theogenes replied Rating the scavenger, what! would you tell Tales of a cat and mouse, in company ! ? What, then? Some stylish thing, as how you went With Androcles and Cleisthenes, surveying.® Why, bless the boy, I never went surveying, Save once to Paros, at two obols a day.? Still you must tell how splendidly, for instance, Ephudion fought the pancratiastic fight With young Ascondas : how the game old man

> B. apparently quotes to his father the rebuke addressed by __T. to some dirty fellow who forgot where he was in telling a tale.

© Mewpoi were men sent on special missions (e.g. to the Olympic games, cf. 1382) as representatives of the State. — They went in great splendour and were usually men of distinction, so that A. and C., two noted rogues, are mentioned rapa mpogdoxiav.

4 The regular pay of a common soldier. He had gone on a Gewpta only as one of the soldiers who formed an escort for the Gewpotl,

521

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oI, BA. $l. BA. I. BA.

ARISTOPHANES

A vn A /, /, 4 mAevpav Babutdrnv Kai xépas Aaydvas te Kal Opa’ apiorov.

A a? 294 / mate tad*, ovdev A€yets. Tas av pwaxécato mayKpdriov Oadpak eywv; 11 ottw dinyeiobat vopilovo’ of codot. | > > of t Meet 2 + ae) / , : GAN’ Erepov eimé pow tap’ avdpdar E€vots | mivwy, ceavtod rotov av A€~au Soxets emt vedTnTos Epyov avopiukwratov; exeiv’ exeiy’ avdpeoratov ye TOV euav, 120 » le ae , \ / € , or “Epyaciwvos tas ydpakas tperAdunv. > a / / > > c a” , amoXeis pe. molas xdpakas; add’ wes 7) Kdmpov > 7 / > nn / ” / ediaKabés mor’, 7 Aaywv, 7 Aaprdda edpapes, avevpwv 6 TL veaviKWTaToV. e€y@da Tolvuy TO ye veaviKWTaTov* 120: Ld \ 4, Jas n” / ” ote Tov Spopea DaiiArov, dv Bovmas Ett, etAov, Sudkwv Aowopias, yjdow dvoiv. mad’: dAAa Sevpt KaraxAweis mpoopavOave Evurrotikos elvat Kat EvvovotacTiKos. ms otv KatakAwd; dpal? avioas. > , EVOXN[MLOVWS . 121

——

wol Kedevers KataxABjvar, pndapdas. mas dat; Ta yovaT exrewe, Kal yupvaoTiK@s dypov xvtAacov ceavroy ev Tols oTpwmacw. emeit emaiveoov Tt THY YaAKwudrwr* dpodpiyy Odacar, Kpexdd.’ abrAfs Oavpacov: 121k vdwp KaTa xeupds: Tas Ttpamélas eiadépew:

i.é. he is to talk like a “sportsman.” In 1194 B. uses @dpat =“ breast,” but P. understands it as “‘ breastplate,’ whereas in the rayxpdr.ov (a form of wrestling and boxing) the combatants were unarmed.

522

PH.

BD.

PH.

BD.

PH.

BD,

PH. BD. PH. , BD. PH. BD.

THE WASPS, 1193-1216

Though grey, had ample sides, strong hands, firm flanks, An iron chest.4 What humbug! could a man Fight the pancratium with an iron chest ! This is the way our clever fellows talk. But try another tack : suppose you sat Drinking with strangers, what’s the pluckiest feat, Of all your young adventures, you could tell them ? My pluckiest feat ? O much my pluckiest, much, Was when I stole away Ergasion’s vine-poles. Teha! poles indeed! Tell how you slew the boar, Or coursed the hare, or ran the torch-race, tell Your gayest, youthfullest act. My youthfullest action ?

*Twas that I had, when quite a hobbledehoy, With fleet Phayllus : and I caught him too : Won by two—votes.’ “T'was for abuse, that action. No more of that : but lie down there, and learn To be convivial and companionable. Yes ; how lie down ?

In an elegant graceful way.

Like this, do you mean ? No, not in the least like that. How then ? Extend your knees, and let yourself

With practised ease subside along the cushions ; Then praise some piece of plate : inspect the ceiling ; Admire the woven hangings of the hall.

Ho! water for our hands! bring in the tables !

» B. had used veavxds as=“ high-spirited,” and édudxades of

literal “‘ pursuit’; but P. uses veayixds=“ in youth ” and dudew as=“ prosecute.” Phaillus (cf. A. 215) was a noted runner, but at law P. had “ caught ” him.

523

ARISTOPHANES

Serrvobpev* amrovevippel’> Sn oévdopev. $1. mpos Tdv Dedv, evdrniov éoTimpeba;

BA. avAntpis evedvonaev: ot Sé ovpmdrat ciolv @M€wpos, Aicyivns, Daves, Kiéwv, 12 £évos tis erepos mpos Kehadns >Axéaropos.

/ A \ / > Ld / ~ Tovtois Evvwy Ta OKOAL Omws SéEer KaAds.

#1. aAnbes; ws oddeis Avaxpiwy dé€erar. > A ” ‘ A / 2" >) 9? A /,

BA. eya eloopar: Kal 5) yap ei’ éyd KAéwv, adw dé mp@ros “Appodiov: dé€er dé av. 12:

ce > ‘ “A > HR A > "AGO: / ” ovdels Twm0T avnp eyevT nvaus o1. “‘ody otrw ye mavotpyos [ws od] KAémrns.” BA. TouTi ov Spdoeis; maparoAet Bowpevos: 4 A > cal ‘ ~ djoe yap e€orciv ce Kat diadbepety Kal Thade THs yis e€<Aav. > A /

$1. eya) 5€ ye, 12 3A > ~ A 9 6 y” edv ameAj, v7) A’? erepov doopat.

CS > e ¢ / A / / dvOpwd’, obros 6 paidpevos TO péya KpaTos,

> / ” \ / c ir a e “~ ”

avrpéepers Ere tav TOAW: a 8 ExeTar pods.” 49

BA. Ti 8’, 6tav Méwpos mpos modav Karakelpevos adn KAéwvos AaBdwevos ris SeEvas,

“°Adpjrov Adyov, Sraipe, wabav tods ayalods pirer.” tovTw ti rAé~ets aKdALov; > ~ > lA $l. WdiKa@s eyo, 12 ce > ” > / ovK €oTw dAwmexilew, ov)’ apdoréporar yiyveobar didov.”

‘

@ gxdd\ca were ‘‘ catches” sung after dinner in turn, and each singer tried to link his own oxédcoy cleverly (cf. 1222) with the one before. Here in 1226 Cleon leads off with words which he expects to be “ capped’ with a compliment to himself only to

524

THE WASPS, 1217-1242

Dinner ! the after-wash ! now the libation. pu. Good heavens! then is it in a dream we are feasting ? sp. The flute-girl has performed ! our fellow-guests Are Phanus, Aeschines, Theorus, Cleon, Another stranger at Acestor’s head. Could you with these cap verses * properly ? pu. Could I? Ay, truly ; no Diacrian ® better. sp. I'll put you to the proof. Suppose I’m Cleon. I'll start the catch Harmodius.° You're to cap it. (Singing) ““ Truly Athens never knew” PH. (Singing) “ Such a rascally thief as you.” Bp. Will you do that? You'll perish in your noise.? - He’ll swear he’ll fell you, quell you, and expel you Out of this realm. PH. Ay, truly, will he so? And if he threaten, I’ve another strain. * Mon, lustin’ for power supreme, ye'll mak’ The city capseeze ; she’s noo on the shak’.”’ & pp. What if Theorus, lying at his feet, Should grasp the hand of Cleon, and begin, “ From the story of Admetus learn, my friend, to love the good.” f How will you take that on ? PH. I, very neatly, ** It is not good the fox to play, Nor to side with both in a false friend’s way.” find the reverse. In 1239 the link seems very slight—¢ide and pirov ; so too in 1245—xdpol and kayw.

» “The Highlanders—the poorest of the three parties into which Attica was divided in the days of Solon”: R. Why they are named here is obscure.

¢ Cf. A. 980.

@ Many explain ‘“‘ being shouted down,” i.e. by Cleon.

¢ Said by the Scholiast to be from Alcaeus.

* The Scholiast gives the second line as rév dear 8’ dwéxou,

woos bre SechGv diyy xadpis. 525

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ARISTOPHANES

pera Tobrov Aioyivns 6 LéAdov dée€erat, avnp sopos Kal povoukds* KdT’ doerat* “ypjpata Kal Biav KAeiraydpa te Ka- prot peta Merradrdv ”’ “qodAa 57) Suexdpmacas od Kayo.” TOUTL pev emLetK@s ov y e&erloracat’ omws 8° emt Setmvov eis DiroxrHpovos tev. mat tat, TO Seimvov, Xpvod, avoxevale vav, va Kal pebvobdpev dia ypdvov. Endapas. KaKov TO qivew* dro yap olvov yiyverau Kal Oupoxomfoat Kal mardg ae kat Badeiv, Kamer’ dmorivew dpyvpiov ex KpaurdaAns. ovUK, Hv Suvijs y dvdpaot KaNois re Kayabots. 7 yap TApyTHOavTO TOV memovOora, dyov éXdeEas avros aoreiov Twa, Aiowmucov yeAovov 7 7 LvPapurixov, dv euabes € ev TO oupTrootw KaT és yehov TO Tpayy erpeipas, wor adeis o amroixerat. pabnréov Tap: €oTl mo\ovs tov Aoywr, elrep y dmotiow pndev, ay Te dpa KaKoV. dye vuv iwpevs pndev Huds loxéeTw.

2

—e

moAAdKis 81) “doe euavT@ Sekvds mehurevat, Kal oKalos ovdETTWTOTE*

adn’ ’Apwovias 6 LéAAov waGAAov odk THv KpwBvrov,

* The adjectives are ironical ; ¢f. 349.

ahs , Nothing is known of the incident to which the lines

refer ”’

* While the actors retire the Chorus indulge in a sort of second

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THE WASPS, 1243-1267

spp. Next comes that son of Sellus, Aeschines,

Clever, accomplished ¢ fellow, and he’ll sing “ O the money, O the might, How Cleitagora and I, With the men of Thessaly ’’—®

PH. “ How we boasted, you and I.”

Bp. Well, that will do: you're fairly up to that : So come along : we'll dine at Philoctemon’s, Boy ! Chrysus ! pack our dinner up ; and now For a rare drinking-bout at last.

PH. No, no, Drinking ain’t good : I know what comes of drinking, Breaking of doors, assault, and battery,

And then, a headache and a fine to pay.

Bp. Not if you drink with gentlemen, you know. They'll go to the injured man, and beg you off, Or you yourself will tell some merry tale,

A jest from Sybaris, or one of Aesop’s, Learned at the feast. And so the matter turns Into a joke, and off he goes contented.

pu. O I'll learn plenty of those tales, if so I can get off, whatever wrong I do.

Come, go we in: let nothing stop us now.°

cu. Often have I deemed myself exceeding bright, acute, and clever,

Dull, obtuse, and awkward never.

That is what Amynias is, of Curling-borough,? Sellus’ son ;

Parabasis. For Amynias, a fop noted for his long hair, ¢f. 466 ; C. 691. He had apparently come to poverty and was ate instead of dining with Leogoras, a well-known epicure an father of the orator Andocides. : : 4 For the xpwBvdos, an antique method of dressing the hair into some sort of topknot, cf. Thue. i. 6. 527

ARISTOPHANES

a ¢ fs ew > So , Cer ees ovTos ov y e€yw mor eldov avi pjAov Kal pords ~ ‘ vs Semvobivra pera Aewydpov. a \ > ~ mewH yap Amep ’Avtidpav. > A / \ > / ” > + td a ada mpecBevwv yap és Ddpaadrov dyer’: elr’ éxel / / [Lovos povois a / ~ al tots Ilevéorator Evvv tots ~ 2 oN / n“ ” > , Ocerraddv, adros meveorns dv Edatrov ovdevds.

> Ys > > , ov /

@ paxape’ Adropeves, ws ce paxapilouer,

maidas epdrevoas STL xEelpoTexviKwrTdrous,

mpOTa wev amrace Pidov avdpa te coddraror,

tov KiWapaoiddtatov, @ xadpis édbéamero:

tov 8° droKxpitiy Eerepov, apyadeov ws coddv:

@ 3 A, 10 Xr / 6 cA

cir’ ’Apidbpadny, todd te Ovpocodixwrarov,

ovTwd ToT’ @pooe pabdvta mapa pndevds,

avn’ amo oopis ddccos abroparov éxpabetv yAwttomo.eiy eis TA mopvet cictdvO’ Exdorore.

: ed @ 2. ¢ 4 7 Elot Ties ot pp Edeyov Ws KaradinAAayny, qvika KAéwy p? drerdparrev érixeipevos

>

Kal be Kaklois Exvice* KGO dr” azederpouny, ovKTos eyéAwy péya KeKpayora Oedevo,

2O\ ” > > ~ / hid A / 290 7 ovdev dp’ euod peAov, daov dé pdvov eidévat

/ ” 4 / > ~

okwppariov etzoTé Te OALBopwevos exBara.

* “The villein race of Thessaly corresponding to the Helots of Laconia”: R. ;

» His name was Arignotus, ¢f. K. 1278 where there is a similar attack on Ariphrades.

¢ “The general nature of the incident to which these lines refer is plain enough. Some attack had been made by Cleon upon A., who, finding that he did not receive from the people the support which he had expected, deemed it necessary to wriggle out of the scrape by patching up a hollow truce with his powerful opponent. Beyond this we are quite in the dark”: R.

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THE WASPS, 1268-1289

_ Him who now upon an apple and pomegranate dines, I saw At Leogoras’s table Eat as hard as he was able, Goodness, what a hungry maw! Pinched and keen as Antiphon. Once he travelled to Pharsalus, our ambassador to be, . There a solitary guest, he Stayed with only the Penestae,* Coming from the tribe himself, the kindred tribe, of Penury.

Fortunate Automenes, we envy your felicity ; Every son of yours is of an infinite dexterity : First the Harper,’ known to all, and loved of all excessively, Grace and wit attend his steps, and elegant festivity, Next the Actor, shrewd of wit beyond all credibility :

_ Last of all Ariphrades, that soul of ingenuity,

He who of his native wit, with rare originality,

_ Hit upon an undiscovered trick of bestiality :

_ All alone, the father tells us, striking out a novel line.

Some there are who said that I was reconciled in amity, When upon me Cleon pressed,° and made me smart with injury, Currying and tanning me : then as the stripes fell heavily Th’ outsiders laughed to see the sport, and hear me squalling lustily, Caring not a whit for me, but only looking merrily, To know if squeezed and pressed I chanced to drop some small buffoonery.

VOL. I 2M 529

ARISTOPHANES

a > / tabra Karidav brd Te piKpov émOyjKioa* 1

S ~ > / ¢ / A ” Xr cira viv é€nrdtnoev % xdpa€ tiv dpuredov.

im xeAdvar pakdpiar rod Sépyaros, ~ an n , Kat TpLiowaKdpiat TOO "mt Tals mAevpais Téyous. ws ed Katnpébacbe Kal vovBvoTiKds ~ 3 Kepdum TO vOTov wate Tas TAEupas oTéeyew. I: b] A > > / / , eya 8° amddwda orilopnevos Baxrypia. > a a a” , Ti 8 €oTw, @® mat; maida yap, Kav } yépwv, ~ / ¢ n” A - kadciv Sixavov dotis av wAnyas AdPy. A od yap 6 yépwr arnpdtatov dp’ tv KaKov Kat T&v Evvovtwv ToAd. mapowucwrarTos ; 1: Kaito. tapi “Imvddos, ’Avridadv, Adcov, Avototparos, Qovdpactos, of wept Dpdviyov. TovTwy dmdvtwy jv bBpiorératos paKpa. > A A ¢ rae 4 ~ > ~ ev0us yap ws evérdAnto ToAAGv Kayabar, evnjAar’, €oxipra, Temdpdet, KateyeAa, 1 woTEep Kaxptwv dvid.ov edwynevov * Katumte 5%) pe veaviK@s, mat mat KaAdd@v. Pa > 4 e > » , eit avrov ws «ld, qKacev Avoiotparos* €ouxas, @ mpeoBdra, veorrAovT@ Tpvyl KAnrijpt 7° eis axup@vas amodedpaxore. 1 0 8 dvaxpayay avriKac’ adbrov mdpvome A a ~ A > / Ta Opia tod tpiBwvros dmoBeBAnKdtt, LOeveAw re Ta oKevdpra dvakekappevy. c > > ¢ /, 4 4 4 , ol 8 avexpdrnaoav, mAjv ye Oovdpdorov pdvov* obtos 5é dvewtAAawev, os 57) de€ds. . 1:

#** A proverb used in reference to persons who find the support whereon they trusted giving way in the hour of need”: R. Here probably Aristophanes is the Vine, the people the Vine-pole.

530

THE WASPS, 1290-1315

Seeing this, I played the ape a little bit undoubtedly. So then, after all, the Vine-pole proved unfaithful to the Vine.*

xa. O lucky tortoises, to have such skins, Thrice lucky for the case upon your ribs : How well and cunningly your backs are roofed With tiling strong enough to keep out blows : Whilst I, I’m cudgelled and tattooed to death. cu. How now, my boy? for though a man be old, Still, if he’s beaten, we may call him boy. xa. Was not the old man the most outrageous nuisance, ~~ Much the most drunk and riotous of all ? And yet we’d Lycon, Antiphon, Hippyllus, Lysistratus, Theophrastus, Phrynichus ; But he was far the noisiest of the lot. Soon as he’d gorged his fill of the good cheer, He skipped, he leapt, and laughed, and frisked, and whinnied, Just like a donkey on a feed of corn : And slapped me youthfully, calling Boy ! Boy ! So then Lysistratus compared him thus : Old man, says he, you're like new wine fermenting, Or like a sompnour, scampering to its bran.” But he shrieked back, And you, you're like a locust That has just shed the lappets of ts cloak, Or Sthenelus, shorn of his goods and chattels.° At this all clapped, save Theophrast ; but he Made a wry face, being forsooth a wit.

» There was a proverb évos eis dxupéva dmédpa and the phrase describes excitement. But the connexion with xdnrip, “a summoner,” is absent, unless “in Athenian slang a donkey was sometimes termed xAnrip, caller’ (R.); cf. 189.

¢ The similes are aimed at his shabby, threadbare appearance. Sthenelus was a tragic actor who had been reduced to poverty.

531

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3 yepov d€ Tov Oovdpacrov jpet , elm jot, emt T@ Kouds Kal Kopipos clvar mpoororet, Kapupdodouyav epi Tov <b mparrovT’ Get; To.atra mepwPpilev adbrovs ev pepet, CKYTTWY aypoiKws kal Tpooere Adyous déeywv dwabeorar’ , ovdev elkdTas TH mpdypart. erreur” ere) *ueOvev, olkad’ _EPXETAL

TUTTWV dmavras, nv Tis avT@ EuvTvxn.

600i de 87) Kal opadAopevos TpooepXeTat.

GAN éxnodav dene mpw mAnyas Aafeiv.

avexe, TApexeE’

/ / ~ * KAavoeTal Tis TOV Omicbev eraxodovbovvrey €juot ; olov, el py) "pprjoel ; bya; ® movnpor, TavTnl TH dadi dpukrods oKevdaow.

ZYMMOTHS. 7) pqv od Swoeis avpiov TovTwr SiKnv

2

tc a Ld > / > Ul nw draco, Kel opddp «f veavias. abpdor yap i€ouev oe mpooKadovpevot.

ty ied, Kadovpevor.

dpxaid, ve bpav- dpa y to? ws 008’ akovwv avéxopat Sucdv 5 tarBot aiBot.

Tae B dpéoKen: Bae Knpovs. ovK ameiot; mod ’oTw nHAvaoTHs; eKmoddv.

* P. enters carrying a torch. advexe, mdpexe are perhaps. cries addressed to runners in the torch-races of the Cerameicus—* hold it up, hand it on.”

>“ The next 35 lines contain much that had been better

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THE WASPS, 1316-1341

And pray, the old man asked him, what makes you Give yourself airs, and think yourself so grand,

You grinning flatterer of the well-to-do ?

Thus he kept bantering every guest in turn, Making rude jokes, and telling idle tales,

In clownish fashion, relevant to nothing.

At last, well drunk, homeward he turns once more, Aiming a blow at every one he meets.

Ah! here he’s coming ; stumbling, staggering on. Methinks I'll vanish ere I’m slapped again.

PH. Up ahoy ! out ahoy ! 4 Some of you that follow me Shall ere long be crying. If they don’t shog off, I swear Ill frizzle ’em all with the torch I bear, I'll set the rogues a-frying

Guest. Zounds! we'll all make you pay for this to-morrow, You vile old rake, however young you are ! We'll come and cite and summon you all together.

PH. Yah! hah! summon and cite ! ® The obsolete notion ! don’t you know I’m sick of the names of your suits and claims. Faugh! Faugh! Pheugh! Here’s my delight ! Away with the verdict-box! Won't he go? Where’s the Heliast ? out of my sight !

omitted : and the English is in many places necessarily a substitu- tion for, rather than a translation of, the original text. These drunken scenes, and indeed the entire 200 lines from 1250 to 1449, were, in my opinion, a mere afterthought on the part of the poet, introduced when the defeat of the Clouds had taught him that he could not with impunity discard the broad farce, the coarse buffoonery, of other comedians ”’:

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avaBawe Seipo xpvacoundrAodAdvbtor, TH xelpt Tovdi AaBopévyn tod cxowiov. > éyou: duddrrov 8, ws campov TO ayxowitov: Gpws ye pwevror TpiBdpevov odK axbeTar. cn > 7 > ¢ ~ e / Opas eyo o° ws de€ids therdounv 13 péAdovoav 75n AcoPreiv Tods Evpadras: Ov even dmddos TO méev TWOL yapw. GAN odk amodwaets 00d’ ediadrets, of8’ drt, GAN eEarratHioes Kayyavel ToUT@ péya* a A ” > / vw > > / moAXots yap On XaTEpois avT elpyacw. 13) A eav yevn Sé py) Kak) vuvi yvv7, > 7 > > \ e \ e\ > 7 ey oa, emevdav odpos vios azobavn, ; /, a / > , Avadpevos Ew tradAakyv, @ xoupiov. ~ a > ~ ~ vov 8 od Kpat@® “ya ta&v euavtod ypnudrwvr. véos yap ei Kal pvddtrropar ofddpa. 13: TO yap vidwov Typet pe, KaoTL S¥oKoAOV KaAAws KuUpWwompLoToKapdapoyAvdov. a > > , / 4A ~ ratr obv epi ov Sdédouxe pt) Siadbapa. maTip yap odveets eorw adt@ mAjv epod. eQ\ bl] / = Peta | A eS ae ~ Oot Se KavTds* emt oe Kap’ Eouxe Deir. 13 > > e 4, od / A 4 GAN ws taxvoTa oTHOt taade Tas SeTas AaBoto’, wv” adrov Twhdow veariKds, otws 708” obtos ewe TPO TOV pvoTnpiwr. & odtos obros, tudedave Kat youpobAuf, moleiv épav T° eovkas wpaias copod. 13 ” , ‘ \ > / ~ ~ ov To. Katampoi€er ua tov “AmdAAw TotTo Spav, ¢ ¢ / / a“ > ” 7 Ws ndéws dayo av e€ o€ous Sixny. > ‘ / \ > , od dSewa twOdlew oe, tiv addAnrpida Trav Evutrotav Krépavta;

THE WASPS, 1341-1369

My little golden chafer, come up here, Hold by this rope,* a rotten one perchance,

| _ But strong enough for you. Mount up, my dear.

; See now, how cleverly I filched you off,

A wanton hussy, flirting with the guests.

You owe me, child, some gratitude for that.

But you're not one to pay your debts, I know.

: Ono! you'll laugh and chaff and slip away,

That’s what you always do. But listen now,

Be a good girl, and don’t be disobliging,

And when my son is dead, I'll ransom you,

And make you an honest woman. For indeed _ I’m not yet master of my own affairs.

_} Iam so young, and kept so very strict.

, My son’s my guardian, such a cross-grained man, A cummin-splitting, mustard-scraping fellow. He’s so afraid that I should turn out badly,

For I’m in truth his only father now.?

But here he runs. Belike he’s after us. Quick, little lady, hold these links an instant ; And won’t I quiz him boyishly and well,

As he did me before the initiation.°

Bp. You there! you there! you old lascivious dotard ! Enamoured, eh? ay of a fine ripe coffin.?

Oh, by Apollo, you shall smart for this !

pu. Dear, dear, how keen to taste a suit in pickle !

Bp. No quizzing, sir, when you have filched away The flute-girl from our party.

¢ “ Undoubtedly the cxtriwoy xaeiuévoy described in Clouds 538, 539:” R.

» “ A piece of pleasantry, for sons often say ‘I am my father’s only son’”: Schol.

¢ i.e. my initiation into the mysteries of high life.

4 gbpou is put unexpectedly for xépys—maturum funus instead of matura virgo.

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APTOTIOAIZ. Uc pou mapdorn® , dvT Bord mpos Tav Jedv.

BA.

ARISTOPHANES

, ? U moiav adAnrpisa; ti tabra Anpeis, WoTep amo TUUBov Tec;

\ A > M4 4 3 / / > ¢ / vi, tov A’, atrn mov ati aol y’ 4» Aapdavis. ovK, aA ev ayop& Tots Beois Sas Kderat. dds 70;

\ a? > € tas (Oe ,

das Or’. od Opas eoTiypevny; ti dé TO peAav Tobr’ eotlv adris Toby peow; % witta SymTov Kaopevns e€epxerat. 0 8 dmobev odyl mpwxKtds €oTw obdtodt; ” \ - a \ ze fe 7 dlos pev odv Tis Sadds obros ebéxet.

a ~ 4, ti Aéyets oV; motos dlos; ovK ef dedpo av; - , , lad ad a, Ti pédAdets Spav;

” , \ ayew tavrTnv AaBwv > / / \ / s \ adeAdpevds oe Kal vopioas elvar campov Kovoev Svvacbar Spar. dkovoov vuv eLod. > / © sh 29 > , > /

Odvyriacw jvik’? eewdpovv eyo, "Egovdiey ewaxeoar” ’"Aokwvda Kadds, 7150 yepwv wv: elra TH my HA Deve 6 mpeoBvrepos karéBane TOV vEewTEpov. mpos Tatra Typod pr) AdBys brwma.

vy tov A’ e€epabes ye tiv ’OAvumiav.

Oot yap dvnp €oTw Os pe amwA€ecev

TH Sadi maiwv, KakéBadev evrevbevi

a” tn > ~ > / ,

aptous Séx’ dPordv KamOynnnv térrapas.

c a “ / / > a a \ / opas a dédpaxas; mpdypar’ ad de? Kal dixas éxew Sia Tov cov olvov.

* P. now treats his son as a half-dead dotard, and seems to invent this phrase on the analogy of dm’ dvov recdr, cf. C. 1273.

» “This ”’=Dardanis. ‘Torches, says the Scholiast, were

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THE WASPS, 1369-1393

Eh? what? flute-girl ? You're out of your mind, or out of your grave,* or something.

Why, bless the fool, here’s Dardanis beside you ! What, this ? why, this ® is a torch in the market-place ! A torch, man?

Clearly ; pray observe the punctures. Then what’s this black here, on the top of her head ? Oh, that’s the rosin, oozing while it burns. Then this of course is not a woman’s arm? Of course not ; that’s a sprouting of the pine. Sprouting be hanged.

(To Dard.) You come along with me. Hi! hi! what are you at?

Marching her off Out of your reach ; a rotten, as I think, And impotent old man. Now look ye here :

Once, when surveying at the Olympian games, I saw how splendidly Ephudion fought With young Ascondas : saw the game old man Up with his fist, and knock the youngster down. So mind your eye, or you'll be pummelled too. Troth, you have learned Olympia to some purpose.

BAKING-GIRL. Oh, there he is! Oh, pray stand by me

BD.

now ! There’s the old rascal who misused me so, Banged with his torch, and toppled down from here Bread worth ten obols, and four loaves to boot. There now, you see ; troubles and suits once more Your wine will bring us.

punctured and tattooed with figures, and Dardanis is compared with one to introduce some coarse jokes.

537

ARISTOPHANES

> a ee \ #1. ovdauds yy’, erel Adyou SiadAdEovow abra SdeEvot: wot old’ dru) tavrn SiadAdaxOynoopar. wv A A A / , AP. oU Tor wa TW Bea Katampoiger Muptias ~ ] , A \ / tis “Aykvdiwvos Ovyarépos Kal Lworpdrns, a 7 > ~ A , ottw duadbeipas eod ra doptia. + S 4 / tA #1. akovoov, ® ylvar> Adyov aor BovAowat A€Eau yapievra. A / "4 , > > , AP. pa Aia py pol y’, & pére. o1. Alowzov amo Seimvov Badilovi? éomépas Opaceia Kal peOvon tis bAdKTEL KUwr. KamelT ekevos elev, @ KUOV KUOV, 5 oy yorn's ON x ot , \ et vy) Av’ avti THs Kakijs yAdrrns mobev mupovs mpiato, aowdpoveiv dv prow Soxeis. AP. Kal katayehds ov; mpooxadoduat o° doris ef, mpos Tovs ayopavdéuouvs PrAaBys tHv doptiwv, KAntijp €xovoa Xaipepdvra tovtovi. or. pa Ai’, add’ dxovaov, qv ti cor dd éyew. AdGods mor’ avredidacke Kai Lywvidns: w” > e ~ 5 s\7 lA eretO’ 6 Adoos elmev, dAlyov pou péAet. ap. aArnfes, odros; ol. Kal od dy por, Xatpedav, ‘ 4 > A , yuvakt KAntevers, eoucds Barbivy > a / A ~ > / Ivot Kpepapéevn mpos modGv Edpuridov;

* He has learned the lesson his son taught him, 1258.

> i.e. Demeter and Persephone, a regular female oath.

© dare dprovs movfoa, érel dprérwdts : Schol.

4 x\nrhp is the officer whose duty it was to see that the defend- ant was duly served with the citation to appear.

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THE WASPS, 1393-1414

PH. Troubles? Not at all.

A merry tale or two sets these things right.* I'll soon set matters right with this young woman. B.-G. No, by the Twain ” ! you shan’t escape scot-free, Doing such damage to the goods of Myrtia, _ Sostrata’s daughter, and Anchylion’s, sir ! pu. Listen, good woman : I am going to tell you A pleasant tale. B.-G. Not me, by Zeus, sir, no! pu. At Aesop, as he walked one eve from supper, There yapped an impudent and drunken bitch. Then Aesop answered, O you bitch ! you bitch ! ._ If in the stead of that ungodly tongue You'd buy some wheat,’ methinks you'd have more sense. B.-G. Insult me too? I summon you before The Market Court for damage done my goods, And for my sompnour ? have this Chaerephon.

pu. Nay, nay, but listen if I speak not fair.

Simonides and Lasus ¢ once were rivals. Then Lasus says, Pish, I don’t care, says he.

B-G.. You will, sir, will you ?

PH. ¢ And you, Chaerephon, Are you her sompnour, you, like fear-blanched Ino Pendent before Euripides’s feet ? f

e * Lasus of Hermione was a contemporary and rival of the great Simonides of Ceos, who was famous for the number of victories obtained by his dithyrambic choruses”: R. P. like Lasus snaps his fingers at his opponent.

* “The story of Ino, who to escape her domestic miseries threw herself, with her youngest child Melicertes, into the sea, formed one of the most moving tragedies of Euripides”: R. Doubtless she was represented in the tragedy as throwing herself at the feet of some deity or person, for whom A. here substitutes the poet himself. For Chaerephon the “ cadaverous” (in Eupolis he is wvévos) see Index.

539

ARISTOPHANES

egos ° e wv ” BA. O0L Tis ETEpOs, WS EoLKEV, EpxYETat Lk: Kadovpevos oe* TOV ye ToL KANTHp exer. KATHTOPOS. olor KaKodaiwv. mpookadodual oa, @ yépov, a UBpews. 4 / \ / ‘ ~ ~ BA. UBpews; pur}, 7) KaAeons pos THv Vedv. eyw yap v7réep adrod dikny didwut cot, qv av od rdaéns, Kal xdpw mpoceloopar. l. > \ \ me RA / #1. eyw pev odv adT@ diaddAaxOjoouat ¢ ¥ ¢ ~ \ / \ ~ Exav: opodoy yap mardéar Kai Badreiv. > > > A / # > / > A aA eADe Seupt, TOTEpoV EmuTpETEls € Mol é TL XpH dmoticayt’ dpytpvov Tod TpaypLaros, elvas pidov To Aourov, y ov por dpdoets; 1. KA. ov Aeye. duxdv yap od ddou” odde mpayydtwvr. el. divnp LvBapirns efémrecev e€ dpparos, Kat TwS Karedyn Ths Kepadjs pwéya ofddpa’ eTUyyavev yap ov TpiBwv dv inmuKs. * > > ‘ » 3 Dy A > ~ / Kdmeut’ émoras elm’ dvip abtd piros* lL: Epdou TIS iy ExaoTos eldein TEXVIV. ovrw d€ Kai od Tmaparpex’ els TO Ilerrddou. BA. Opoud cov Kal Tatra Tots aAAots TpdTots. KA. GAA’ odv od peuvno’ adtos amexKpivato.

®I. akove, 7) Pedy’. ev LuBdper yuvy amore 1 Katéat’ éyxivov. KA. Tadr éyd) papTtupomar.

$1. odyxivos obv €xwv Tw’ emepapTipaTo* 34)? ¢ a > > \ \ / lf’ 1) LvBapizis elmev, ei val Trav Kopav THv pLaptupiay TavTnY edoas ev TAxEL emideopov empiw, vodv dv elyes mAclova. l

2“ The bBpews ypapy) was a very different matter from the PddBns Sixkn with which alone the baking-girl had threatened

540

THE WASPS, 1415-1440

Bp. See, here’s another eoming, as I live,

To summon you : at least he has got his sompnour. COMPLAINANT. O dear! Odear! Old man, I summon you

For outrage. BD. Outrage *? no, by the Gods, pray don’t.

I'll make amends for everything he has done

(Ask what you will), and thank you kindly too. pH. Nay, I'll make friends myself without compulsion.

I quite admit the assault and battery.

So tell me which you'll do ; leave it to me

To name the compensation I must pay

To make us friends, or will you fix the sum ? co. Name it yourself: I want no suits nor troubles. pH. There was a man of Sybaris,’? do you know,

Thrown from his carriage, and he cracked his skull,

Quite badly too. Fact was, he could not drive.

There was a friend of his stood by, and said,

Let each man exercise the art he knows.

So you, run off to Doctor Pittalus.° ‘Bp. Ay, this is like the rest of your behaviour. co. (To Bd.) You, sir, yourself, remember what he says. PH. Stop, listen. Once in Sybaris a girl

Fractured a jug. co. I call you, friend, to witness. PH. Just so the jug: ét called a friend to witness,

Then said the girl of Sybaris, By’r Lady,4

If you would leave off calling friends to mitness,

And buy a rivet, you would show more brains.

him. It was so to say a criminal indictment, and not a mere civil action: and entailed a severe and speedy punishment”: R. b “ DP. reverts to his son’s alternative prescription in 1259 and tries the effect of a Sybaritic apologue”: R. ¢ i.e. Don’t try litigation which 2 he don’t understand, but go to the famous doctor, Pittalus (cf. 4. 1032).

4 i.e. Persephone. ha

KA. BA.

$1.

BA.

1. BA. I.

BA.

xo.

ARISTOPHANES

bBprt’, Ews av ri Sixnv dpywv Kadf. td \ \ / > 4 3 > a a ov tor pa THY Arjntp’ ér” evravOot peveis add’ dpdpevos olaw ce Tl moves; 6 TL TOW; ” /, > > “~ > A / , clow dépw ao evredbev: ci dé pH, Taya ~ > / \ , KAntipes emrcibovor tovs Kadoupévovs. ” e / > Alcwzov of AeAdot zor s\/ / oXlyov row peéAet. diddny emyntidvro KAébar rod Oeod- ¢ > »” > a ¢ c / , 0 8 édeEev adrois, ws 6 KdvOapds ore oi” ws aoA@ o° adbrotot toto. KavOdpos.

.

{yA ye tis edruxias [orp. 14%

‘ , , Tov mpéapuv, of petéoryn Enpdv tpdrwv Kali Boris: erepa Sé viv avrysabav On, werd Te mecetras pS | \ A \ , él TO Tpupepov Kal pwadakov.

, > nn ” > > /, taxa 8 dv tows ovK ebédor. TO yap amoorhvar yademov dvacos, Hv exer Tis aet.

/ \ a_> Ww Kattow ToAAol Tabr’ émabov:

¢

Evvovtes yuopais érépwv pueteBaAdovto Tods Tpdmous.

a ‘ > moAAob 8° éraivov map’ enol [avr.

nw > ~ Kal totow ed dpovodow

* The Delphians brought a false charge against Aesop and, 542

14:

14é

14¢

THE WASPS, 1441-1463

co. Jeer, till the Magistrate call on my case.

_ Bp. No, by Demeter, but you shan’t stop here, I'll take and carry you—

PH. What now !

BD. What now ? Carry you in: or soon there won’t be sompnours Enough for all your summoning complainants.

pu. The Delphians once charged Aesop—

BD. I don’t care.

pu. With having filched a vessel of their God. But Aesop up and told them that a beetle *—

Bp. Zounds! but I'll finish you, beetles and all.

By I envy much his fortune

As he changes from his dry

Ungenial life and manners, Another path to try.

Now all to soft indulgence His eager soul will take,

And yet perchance it will not, For, ah! ’tis hard to break

From all your lifelong habits ; Yet some the change have made,

With other minds consorting, By other counsels swayed.

With us and all good people Great praise Philocleon’s son

as he was being led to execution, he told them this fable, the moral of which is that evil-doers will in the end pay.

» This ode in which the Chorus “ felicitates B. on the probable success of his experiment,” after its demonstrable failure, seems “* foreign to the original scheme of the Play.” So too 1474 when Xanthias announces B.’s drunken behaviour “no one would

ather that this is his second entrance on the self-same errand.” ee R. Introd. p. xiv and notes. 543

ARISTOPHANES

\ + \ A TUX@V arrevow Sid TV dirdoratpiavy Kat codiav 1 ¢ a c / 6 mats 6 DiroKréwvos. ovdevi yap ovTws ayav® Evveyevounv, ovd€ TpdTroLs > /, 999 > 4 evepavynv, odd e€exvOnv. Ti yap eKkeivos avTiAéywv 14 od Kpeittwv tv, BovAdpevos Tov dvoavta cEpvoréepots KaTaKoophoa mpdyywact;

a4. vt) Tov Aidvucov, dmopa y? hiv mpaypara Saipwv tis eloxexdKAnkev eis Ti oiKiav. 14 6 yap yépwv ws eme dud oAA0d ypovov nKovoe T addAod, Teptyapis TO mpaypare Opxovpevos THS vuKTOs ovdev TaveTaL Tapyat éxeiv’ ols Odams jywvilero: Kat Tovs Tpaywdovs Pyow arodeifew Kpdvouvs 14 Tovs viv, diwopynodpevos dAiyov tarepov.

/ t Me J > / 7, / $1. tis em avActoror OUpais Pdooer; HA. TouTt Kal 51) ywpel TO KaKOV.

a 4 / \ \ A #1. KAHOpa xaAdobw rade. Kal 8) yap

/ > \ oXTpaTos apy) 4

~ / if , > / HA. paAdov dé y’ tows pavias apy. #1. mAevpav Avyicavtos bo pwns,

olov pwuKTip puKaTar Kal / > Cal adovovros ayei. HA. mi?” édXEBopov.

/, 4 @ > / ol. mTnace. Dpvyixyos ws Tis aGAéKkTwp, 14

* The ancient writers for the stage, Thespis, Phrynichus (1490 seq.) and Carcinus (1501 seqg.), introduced much dancing,

544

a Sa Se

THE WASPS, 1464-1490

For filial love and genius In this affair has won. Such sweet and gracious manners I never saw before, Nor ever with such fondness My doting heart gushed o’er. Where proved he not the victor In all this wordy strife, Seeking to raise his father To higher paths of life ? -

xa. O Dionysus ! here’s a pretty mess

~__ Into our house some power has whirligigged. Soon as the old man heard the pipe, and drank The long untasted wine, he grew so merry He won't stop dancing all the whole night through Those strange old dances such as Thespis taught ; 4 And your new bards he'll prove old fools, he says, Dancing against them in the lists directly.

PH. Who sits, who waits at the entrance gates ? XA. More and more is this evil advancing ! PH. Be the bolts undone, we have just begun ; This, this is the first evolution of dancing. XA. First evolution of madness, I think. PH. With the strong contortion the ribs twist round,

And the nostril snorts, and the joints resound, And the tendons crack. XA. O, hellebore drink ! ° PH. Cocklike, Phrynichus crouches and cowers,’

and the old man remembers these dances. Bentley’s full dis- cussion of this passage is quoted in R.

> Hellebore was a cure for madness.

¢ Bentley emended mrijcce: to mdjoce, but R. notes that ‘‘a

cock crouches and sidles down immediately before it delivers a

blow”; cf. 1491. VOL. I : QN 545

ARISTOPHANES

EA. taxa PBadArjoets. , ° 4 , > > , ol. akedos odpavioev y’ éxAakrilwv. TpwKTOS XdoKEl. BA. KaTd GavToV Opa. ol. viv yap ev apbpos tots aperépors / \ 4 otpépeta xadapa KotvAndwv. 1

BA. od« «0 pa A’ od df7", dAAa pavike mpdypara. #1. depe vuv aveimw Kavtaywviotds Kade.

et Tis Tpaywdds drow dopyeicbar Kadds,

€mot diopxnadpevos evOdd’ cicita.

pyc Tis, 7) ovdeis;

e ai lie \ / I BA.."y eis y’ €Kewool movos. #1. Tis 0 KaKodaipwy éoTiv; BA. vios Kapxivov O pecaTos. > > ll / 41 aAN’ obrés ye Karamobjcerat*

) ~ \ Sa ae | > / , dmToAd yap adbrov éupereia Kovdvrov. cv TO pvOud yap ovdév €or’.

> > > ; BA. aar’, wlupé, a \ A ” erepos Tpaywdos Kapxwirns épyerat, it > \ > “~ adeAgos adrod. \ ”> > , bate. 2 $1. vy Av’ axpadvynk’ dpa.

A ‘ > > / > ” , a BA. pa Tov At’ oddev y’ aGAXo mAjv ye KapKivous. mpocéepxeTar yap eTepos ad tHv Kapxivov. \ (tek \ / e/ a“ / $1. TOUTL TL Hv TO mpoceprrov; kis, ) Pdday€; BA. 6 TwWVvoTIpys obTOs €oTL, TOD yevous li 6 opuKpoTatos, Os THY Tpaywotlav Trove.

** P, holds the lists as the champion of the older tragic dances. ‘Three representatives of the modern school of tragic dancing now enter, one by one, to accept his challenge. They are the three deformed and stunted sons of Carcinus, the constant butts of Aristophanes for their preposterous dances’; R,

546

THE WASPS, 1491-1511

XA. You'll strike by and by. PH. Then he kicks his leg to the wondering sky, XA. O look to yourself, look out, look out.

PH. For now in these sinewy joints of ours The cup-like socket is twirled about.

BD. “I'won't do, by Zeus: ’twon’t do: ‘tis downright

madness.

pu. Come on, I challenge all the world to dance. Now what tragedian thinks he dances well,

Let him come in and dance a match with me. Well, is there one, or none ?

BD. Here’s only one.

pu. Who’s he, poor devil ? BD. "Tis the midmost son Of poet Carcinus, the Crabbe.*

PH. I'll eat him. ‘Sdeath ! I'll destroy him with a knuckle-dance.? He’s a born fool at rhythm.

BD. Nay, but look here ! Here comes a brother crab, another son ~ Of Carcinus.

PH. Faith, I’ve got crab enough.

Bp. Nothing but crabs! ’fore Zeus, nothing but crabs ! Here creeps a third of Carcinus’s brood.

pu. Heyday! what’s this? a vinaigrette, or spider?

Bp. This is the Pinnoteer,? of all the tribe The tiniest crab : a tragic poet too!

> éuuédea is the technical word for a tragic dance; here P. promises to perform it with his fists.

¢ A tiny crustacean, about the size of a pea, a parasite of the pinna, a wedge-shaped bivalve. It was called “ Pinna- watchman,” because.“ the pinna having got its little guest safely lodged within, left its shell open: and so soon as any food came within the valves the pea-crab gave its host a nip, which caused it to close its shell and secure the prey”: R.

VOL, I 2nN2 547

ARISTOPHANES

1. @& Kapkw’, & pakdpie tis evradias~ doov 70 TAHO0s Katémecev THY Opxidwv. atap KataBaréov y’ én’ adrovs pour ad dé dAunv KvKa TovToLoW, HY ey KpaTa. 15

0. pépe vuv teis adrois dAiyov Eévyywpyowpev .

_ dnavtes, "ep jouxtas jpav mpdcbev BewBixilwow cavrous. ay’, ® peyardwvupa téxva Tod Padaccioto, mdare mapa ydpabov 15

Kat Oty’ dAds arpuvyerowo, Kapidwy adeAdot: taxvv 176da KuKAooofeire, Kat to Dpvvixerov €xAaKTIGaTW TiS, OTWS 15 iddvtes avw oxéAos [0d], dlwow ot Dearat. oTpoBer, mapdBawe KvKAW Kal ydoTpLoov ceauTor, pimre oxé)os otpdviov: BéwBuKes eyyeveobuv. 1b KadTos yap 6 TovToMedwny avat marT)p Tpooeprret nobeis emi totow éavTood Travat, Tots Tplopxors. add" edyer’ , €l TL pireir’ ; Spxovpevor Ovpale 15 pas Taxu- ToOTo yap oddels mw mdpos dédpaxev opxovpevos, GoTis amnjAAagev yopov Tpvywoav.

* Lit. “ golden-crested wrens.” He calls them so because of their size, and perhaps with a suggestion of dpynorGv. In 1534 he calls them rplopxo (lit. ** buzzards ”’)=“‘ three-dancers.”

® Their names are variously given by the Scholiast as Xenocles, Xenotimus, Diotimus, etc.

548

THE WASPS, 1512-1537

pH. OCarcinus! O proud and happy father ! Here’s a fine troop of wrynecks ¢ settling down. Well, I must gird me to the fight : and you, Mix pickles for these crabs, in case I beat them.

cu. Come draw we aside, and leave them a wide, a roomy and peaceable exercise-ground, That before us therein like tops they may spin, revolving and whirling and twirling around. O lofty-titled ® sons of the ocean-roving sire, Ye brethren of the shrimps, come and leap ¢ On the sand and on the strand of the salt and barren deep.4 _ Whisk nimble feet around you ; kick out, till all admire, The Phrynichean kick to the sky ; That the audience may applaud, as they view your leg on high. On, on, in mazy circles ; hit your stomach with your heel Fling legs aloft to heaven, as like spinning-tops you wheel. Your Sire is creeping onward, the Ruler of the Sea, He gazes with delight at his hobby-dancers three. Come, dancing as you are, if you like it, lead away, For never yet, I warrant, has an actor till to-day Led out a chorus, dancing, at the ending of the Play. ¢ R. quotes Paley for shrimps “ bounding in the air from

the shallow margin of the water, or from the wet sand.” 4 Giv’ dXés, ete., is from Hom. JI. i. 316, 327.

549

‘eats

ene by

hk aie

Svat or 7 ae 8 i? ni

aerrtenl at ne

INDEX

AcEstor, W. 1221 Achaia, a name of Demeter, A. 710 Acharnae, a deme of Athens, 4.

180

Aegi an island opposite the

~ Paiveeus, A, 658, W. 122

Aeschines, a blusterer, W. 325, 459, 1220, 1243

Aeschylus, C0. 1366

A , W. 566, 1259

Aetolia, K. 79

Agoracritus, K. 1335

Agyieus, a title of Apollo, W. 875

‘Amphitheus, A, 46

Amynias, C. 31

Amynias, son of Sellus, C. 691, W. 74, 1266

Androcles, a rogue, W. 1187

Antimachus, an effeminate, A, 1150, C. 1022

Antiphon, W. 1270

Apaturia, a clan festival, A. 146

Arcadia, K. 798

Archeptolemus, K. 327, 794

Archilochus quoted, A. 1228

Argos, K. 465

Arignotus, son of Automenes, a harper, K. 1278, W. 1278

Ariphrades, son of Automenes, an evil man, K. 1281, W. 1280

Aristeides, son of lLysimachus “the Just,” a statesman opposed to Themistocles, fought at Mara- thon, ostracized 483 B.c., but returned and took a great part in the political developments of Athens; died about 463, K. 1325.

Artemon, name of an effeminate who was carried about in a litter, hence called wepipdpyros, A. 85.

Asclepius, god of healing, W. 123.

Ascondas, W. 1383 er ree mistress of Pericles, A,

Athamas, king of Orchomenus in Boeotia, married Nephele, and was father of Phrixus and Helle; he was stricken with madness, and fled into Thessaly, C. 257

Athens described, A, 639

Automenes, father of Arignotus and Ariphrades, W, 1275

Bakis, a Boeotian seer of Helicon ; there was a collection current of his oracles, K. 128, 1003

Bellerophon, who rode the winged horse Pegasus; name of a play by Euripides, 4. 427

Bereschethus, K. 635

Brasidas, a famous Spartan com- mander, son of Tellis, killed at Amphipolis 422 B.c., W. 475

Byzantium, the earlier city on the site of Constantinople, C. 249, W. 236

Carcras, the N.E. wind, K. 487

Camarina, a town in Sicily, A. 605

Carcinus, a comic poet, father of three dwarfish sons, C. 1261, W. 1508

Cardopion, W. 1178

Caria, K. 173

Carthage, K. 174, 1303

Ca¥strian plains, A. 68

Cecrops, C. 301, W. 438

Celeus, A. 49

Centaurs, C. 349

Cephisodemus, A. 705

Cerameicus, the potters’ quarter

551

INDEX

at: Athens, where public funerals took place, K. 772

Chaereas, W. 687

Chaerephon, a pupil of Socrates, C. 104, ete., W. 1408

Chaeris, a wretched Theban piper, A, 16

Chalcis, Chalcidice in Thrace, K. 238

Chaonia, in Epirus, K. 78, A, 613

Cherronesus, the peninsula of Gal- lipoli, K. 262

Choae, the Pitcher-feast, A. 961

Cicynna, an Attic deme, C. 134

Cleaenetus, father of Cleon, K. 574

Cleinias, father of Alcibiades, 4, 71

Cleisthenes, ‘‘son of Sibyrtius,” a coward and effeminate, 4, 118, W. 1187, K. 1374, C. 355

Cleon, son of Cleaenetus, a tanner, demagogue and popular leader after the death of Pericles in 429 B.c. He opposed peace. In 424 took part in the surrender of the Spartans at Sphacteria, which he laid to his own credit, Killed by Brasidas at) Amphi- polis, 422. A. 6, 300, 378, 502, 659, K. 187, 976, C. 549, 586, 591, W. 35, 62, 197, 241, 596, 841, 895, 1220, 1224, 1287, 1285

Cleonymus, the butt of Athens for his bulk and his appetite, who cast away his shield at Delium, A. 88, 844, K. 958, 1298, 1872, C. 858, 450, 674, W, 20, 592, 822

Cobalus, K. 635

Coesyra, a name in the ee Alemaeonid family, A. 614, C, 48, 800

Colias, a love-deity, CG. 52

Connas, a drunken flute-player, EK. 534, W. 675

Copais, a lake in Boeotia, 4. 880

Corinth, K. 603

Cranaan city, Athens, A, 75

Crates, a comic poet, flourished about 450 B.c., K. 586

Cratinus, a dandy, A, 849, 1173

Cratinus, a comic poet, 519-422 B.O., K, 400, 526

Cronus, father of Zeus, proverbial for things ancient and out of date, C. 929

552

Ctesias, an informer, A. 839

ance pe a hill-torrent in Attica, - 187

Cyllene, a port in Elis, K. 1081

ars a courtesan, K. 765, W,.

Detoma, the Exchange at the Peiraeus, K. 979

Dexitheus, a good harpist, A. 14

Diasia, a feast in honour of Zeus Meilichius, C. 408, 864

Ke ce a name of Artemis, W, 3

Diocles, an Athenian, who in some ancient battle had fought for Megara and given his life for a youth ; a festival was held at his tomb, A. 774

Dionysia, a festival, A. 195

Diopeithes, a crazy oracle-monger, » K. 1085, W. 380

Dracyllus, A, 612

EcpaTana, the old capital of the Medes, A. 64, W. 1143

Egypt, C. 1180

Electra of Aeschylus, C, 534

Ephudion, W, 1388

Erechtheus, a legendary king of Athens, K. 1022

Ergasion, W. 1201

Euathlus, A. 711, W. 592

Euboea, an island off Boeotia, ©, 211, W. 715

Eucharides, W. 680

Eucrates, an oakum-seller, K. 129, 253 ’

Euphemius, a politician, W’. 599

Euphorides, A, 612

Eupolis, an early comic poet born about 446 B.c., died probably in 411, C. 553

Euripides, the tragic poet, son of a herb-seller, 480-406 B.o., A. 894, 452, K. 18, C. 1871, 1876, W. 61, 1414

Eurycles, a ventriloquist, W. 1019

Euthymenes, A, 67

GevaA, a town in Sicily, 4. 606 Genetyllis, a love-deity, C. 52 Geryones, a giant of legend, A, 1082 Gryttus, K. 877 3

aan

INDEX

Hanes, cap of, A. 390

Harmodius lover. of Aristogei- ton; they are the traditional liberators of Athens from the

; ey A. 980,’ 1093, K. 786,

~ 122 Heliaea, the supreme court of Athens, K. 897 Heracles, baths of, C. 1051 Hieronymus, a wild and hairy man, A. 389, C. 349 oe the tyrant, K. 448, W.

Hippocrates vy his sons, a dirty

crew, C.

Hippodamus, father of Archepto- lemus, K. 32

Homer, C. 1056

Hyperbolus, a demagogue who succeeded Cleon, of servile origin,

~~ -ostracized, finally killed by the

oligarchs at Samos, 411 B.c., A. on hg 551, 876, W. 1007, K. 1304,

Taretous, ‘one of the Titans, pro- verbial for antiquity, C. 998

Ino, daughter of Cadmus, wife of A , A, 434, W. 1414

Ismenichus, A. 861

Lacues,'an Athenian commander in the Peloponnesian War, accused oy Cleon of peculation ; slain at

antinea, W. 240, 836, 895

Lacrateides, an Athenian leader,

ected one of the accusers of ericles, A. 220

Lamachus, son of Xenophanes, colleagne of Alcibiades and Nicias in the Sicilian expedition 415 B.c., a brave and honourable soldier. He was killed in the siege, A. 270, 567, 963

Lamia, a goblin, W. 1035, 1177

Lasus of Hermione, a lyric poet, contemporary with Simonides, W. 1410

Lenaea, a feast, at which the comedies were exhibited, A, 504

Leogoras, an epicure, W. 1269, C. 109

Loxias, a name of Apollo, K, 1072

_ Lycus, patron hero of the Athenian

dicasteries, W. 389, 819

Lysicles, a sheep-seller, K. 132, 765 gia ne a vicious man, K. 1267,

Macnes, an early comedian, K. 520 Marathon, scene of the famous victor’, 490 B.o., A. 697, K. 781,

Marilades, A, 609 sg a contentious orator, A.

Megacles, a name in one of the greab Athenian families, the Alcmaeonidae, C. 46, 815

Megara, a city near Athens, A. 519, 538, 738, W. 57

Memmon, son of Eos, slain by Achilles, C. 622

Miletus, an Ionian city in Asia Minor, K. 361, 932

Miltiades, the victor of Marathon, son of Cimon, and tyrant of the Chersonesus, K. 1325

Mitylene, in Lesbos, K. 834

Morsimus, a poor tragedian, K. 401

Morychus, an epicure, A. 887, W. 506, 1142

Moschus, a bad harpist, A. 13

Mothon, K. 635

Myrsine, wife of Hippias, K. 449

Nicarcuus, an informer, A, 908 Nicias, son of Niceratus, a dis- tinguished general, of the aristo- cratic party, and an opponent of Cleon ; he perished in the Sicilian expedition, 413 B.c., K. 358 Nicostratus, W. 81

OpeumM, a court in Athens, W. 1009

Odomantes, a Thracian tribe, A. 156

Odysseus, W. 181, 1351

Oeagrus, an actor, W. 579

Oeneus, king of Calydon, deposed and cast out by his nephews ; name of a play by Euripides, A. 418

Oeonichus, a worthless man, K. 1287

Olympia in Elis, scene of the great games, W. 1382

Olympus, a legendary flute-player, K.8

Orestes, a footpad, A. 1167 Orthian nome, A, 16

553

INDEX

Panaetius, K. 243

Panathenaea, a feast, C. 386, 988

Pandeletus, an informer, C. 924

Paphlagon, ‘a servile name describ- ing the slave’s country, K. 1, ete.

Parnes, a hill near Athens, A. 348,

Paros, an island in the Cyclades, W. 1189

Pasias, C. 21

Pauson, a starveling painter, A. 854

Peiraeus, harbour of Athens, K. 815

Peleus, father of Achilles, C. 1063

Pergasae, an Attic deme, K. 321

Pericles, the great Athenian states- man, died 429 B.c,, A. 530, K. 283, C. 218, 859

Phaeax, a politician, K. 1377

Phales, an imaginary name, A. 263

Phanus, a hanger-on of Cleon's, K. 1256, W. 1220

Se a a town in Thessaly, W. 1271

Phayllus, a famous Olympian victor, A, 215, W. 1206

Phibalus, a district of Megara, A. 802

Philip, son of Gorgias, W. 421

Philocles, son of Selartius, a bitter tragic poet, W. 462

Philoctetes, a famous archer in the Trojan war, bitten by a snake and left in Lemnos; name of a play by Euripides, exhibited 431 B.C., A, 424

Philostratus, a pander, K. 1069

Phoenix, accused by his father's wife of attempting her honour, was blinded by his father; name of a play by Euripides, A. 421

Phormio, a distinguished naval commander, K. 562

Phrynichus, an early comic poet, W. 220, 269, 1490

Phyle, a fort on the hills between Attica and Boeotia, A. 1023

Pindar quoted, K. 1329

Pittalus, probably a doctor, A. 1082, 1221, W. 1432

we the place of assembly, K.

49

Polymnestus, a worthless man, also the name of a musician, K. 1287 Pontus, the N.E. district of Asia

Minor, W. 700

554

Potidaia, on the peninsula of Pallene, revolted from Athens in 432 B.c., retaken 429, K. 438

Pramnian wine, K, 106

Prepis, a disolute man, A. 843

Prinides, A. 612

ee of Ceos, a famous sophist,

. 861 ‘

Propylaea, the entrance to the Athenian acropolis, K. 1326

Proxenides, a blusterer, W. 325

Prytaneum, the town hall, K. 167 _

Pylus, a fort 8.W. of Messenia, taken by Demosthenes in 425 B.c. and held for Athens, K. 55, 76, 355, 708, 846, 1058, 1167, C. 185

Pyrilampes, W’. 98

Pyrrhandrus, K, 901 +

Pytho=Delphi, K. 1272

sie the Phrygian Bacchus, ~ 9

Salabaccho, a courtesan, K. 765 Salamis, scene of the naval victory over Xerxes in 480 B.c., K. 785 Samos, an island off the coast of Asia Minor, W. 282

Sardis, capital of Lyd'a, W. 1139

Sardo=Sardinia, W. 700

Sarpedon, son of Zeus, slain by Patroclus, C. 622

Scione, on the peninsula of Pallene, W. 210

Scitalus, K. 634

Scythian wilderness, A. 704

Sellus, father of Aeschines, W. 325

Semnae, the Erinyes or Furies, K, 1312

Seriphus, a small island of the Cyclades, A. 542

Simaetha, a courtesan, A. 524

Simon, a dishonest politician, C. 351, K. 242

Simonides of Ceos, a lyric poet, 556- 467 B.c., W. 1410, C. 1356, K, 406

sip: i tees craftiest of mankind, 8 character in Greek legend, A.

891

Sitalces, king of the sians in Thrace, allied with Athens, A. 134

Smicythes, an effeminate, K. 969

Socrates, the philosopher, son of Sophroniscus, born 469 B.c., put to death 499, C. 104, ete. ,

INDEX

Solon, the great lawgiver of Athens, born about 638 B,c., died about 558, C. 1187

ror an- effeminate, A. 122, K,

1 Strymodorus, 4. 274 Sunium, a cape of Attica, C, 401 Sybaris, a luxurious city in 8. Italy, W. 1435

TAENARUM, a promontory of Laconia, where stood a temple of Poseidon, A. 510

Telephus, a play by Euripides,

ac 438 B.C.

Heracles and Auge, exposed as an infant, and brought up by a herd in poverty; he helped in the taking of Troy, A. 415, 432,

— 555, C. 922 Thales of Miletus, one of the Seven Wise Men, C, 180

Themistocles, the victor of Salamis, an Athenian statesman, K, 84, 818, 883

Theognis, a dull frigid poet, nick- named Snow, 4, 11, 140, W. 1183

T. was son of

Theorus, a politician, A. 134, C, 400, W, 42, 599, 1220

Theseum, the temple of Theseus, a sanctuary, K. 1312

bag rn mother of Achilles, C. 106

Thouphanes, a secretary under Cleon, K, 1103 Thucydides, son of Melesias, leader

_ of the aristocratic party in

opposition to Pericles, ostracized 444 B.c., A. 703, W. 947

Thyestes, brother of Atreus, son of Pelops; name of a play by Euripides, A. 433

Tithonus, husband of Aurora, made immortal, A. 688

Tlepolemus, C, 1266

Triptolemus, A. 48

Trophonius, a hero, who had an oracle in Lebadeia in Boeotia, C. 508

XaAntTuHIAS, A, 243 : Xenophantes, father of Hieronymus, C.349~—C«

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OVID: THE ART OF LOVE anp oruer poems. ‘Trans, by J. H. Mozley.

OVID: HEROIDES, AMORES. Trans. by Grant Shower- man, (3rd Impression.)

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SENECA: TRAGEDIES. Trans. by F. J. Miller. 2 Vols. (2nd Impression revised.)

STATIUS. Trans. by J. H. Moziey. 2 Vols.

SUETONIUS. Trans. by J.C. Rolfe. 2 Vols. (4th Im-

_ pression revised.)

TACITUS: DIALOGUS. Trans. by Sir Wm. Peterson; and AGRICOLA anp GERMANIA. Trans. by Maurice Hutton. (3rd Impression.)

ae HISTORIES. Trans. by C. H. Moore. 2 Vols.

Oo . . TERENCE. Trans. by John Sargeaunt. 2 Vols. (5th Imp.) VELLEIUS PATERCULUS anpv RES GESTAE DIVI AUGUSTI. Trans. by F. W. Shipley. VIRGIL. Trans. by H. R. Fairclough. 2 Vols. (Vol. 1. 10th Impression, Il. 8th Impression.)

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ACHILLES TATIUS. Trans. by S. Gaselee.

AENEAS TACTICUS, ASCLEPIODOTUS anv ONA- SANDER. Trans. by The Illinois Greek Club.

AESCHINES. Trans. by C. D. Adams.

AESCHYLUS. Trans. by H. Weir Smyth. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 3rd Impression, Vol. II. 2nd Impression revised.)

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APOLLONIUS RHODIUS. Trans. by R. C. Seaton. 3rd Impression.)

THE APOSTOLIC FATHERS. Trans. by Kirsopp Lake. 2Vols. (Vol. I. 5th Impression, II. 4th Impression.)

APPIAN’S ROMAN HISTORY. Trans. by Horace White. 4 Vols. (Vols. I. and IV. 2nd Impression.)

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ARISTOTLE: THE “ ART” OF RHETORIC. Trans. by J. H. Freese.

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ARISTOTLE: POETICS: ‘“* LONGINUS”: ON THE SUBLIME. Trans. by W. Hamilton Fyfe, anp DE- METRIUS: ON STYLE. Trans. by W. Rhys Roberts.

ARRIAN: HISTORY OF ALEXANDER anp INDICA. Trans. by the Rev. E. Iliffe Robson. 2 Vols. Vol. l.

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CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA. Trans. by the Rev. G. W. Butterworth.

DAPHNIS AND CHLOE. Thornley’s translation revised by J. M. Edmonds: anp PARTHENIUS. Trans. by S. Gaselee. (2nd Impression.)

DEMOSTHENES: DE CORONA anv DE FALSA LEGATIONE. Trans. by C. A. Vince and J. H. Vince.

DIO CASSIUS: ROMAN HISTORY. Trans. by E. Cary.

9 Vols. DIOGENES LAERTIUS. Trans. by R. D. Hicks. 2 Vols, EPICTETUS. ‘Trans. by W. A. Oldfather. 2 Vols. EURIPIDES. Trans. by A. S. Way. 4 Vols. (Verse trans.) Vols. I. and II. 5th, III. 3rd, 1V. 4th Imp.) EUSEBIUS: ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. Trans. py. Kirsopp Lake. 2 Vols. Vol. I. GALEN : ON THE NATURAL FACULTIES. Trans. by A. J. Brock. (2nd Impression.) THE GREEK ANTHOLOGY. Trans. by W. R. Paton. 5 Vols. (Vol. I. 3rd, II. 2nd Impression.

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LYRA GRAECA. Trans. by J. M. Edmonds. 3 Vols. (Vol. I. 2nd Edition revised and enlarged.)

MARCUS AURELIUS. Trans. by C. R. Haines. (3rd

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MENANDER. Trans. by F. G. Allinson. (2nd Imp. rev.)

OPPIAN, COLLUTHUS ayn TRYPHIODORUS. Trans. by A. W. Mair.

PAUSANIAS: DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. Trans. by W. H. S. Jones. 5 Vols. and Companion Vo). Vols. I. and II.

PHILO. Trans. by F. H. Colson and the Rev. G. H. Whitaker. 10 Vols. Vols. I. and II.

PHILOSTRATUS: THE LIFE OF APOLLONIUS OF TYANA. Trans. by F.C. Conybeare. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 3rd, Il. 2nd Impression.)

PHILOSTRATUS ann EUNAPIUS: LIVES OF THE SOPHISTS. Trans. by Wilmer Cave Wright.

PINDAR. Trans. by Sir J. E.Sandys. (5th Imp. revised.)

PLATO: CHARMIDES, ALCIBIADES I. and _ IL, HIPPARCHUS, THE LOVERS, THEAGES, MINOS, EPINOMIS. Trans. by W. R. M. Lamb.

PLATO: CRATYLUS, PARMENIDES, GREATER anp LESSER HIPPIAS. Trans. by H. N. Fowler.

PLATO: EUTHYPHRO, APOLOGY, CRITO, PHAEDO, PHAEDRUS. Trans. by H. N. Fowler. (6th Impression.)

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PLATO: TIMAEUS, CRITIAS, CLITOPHO, MENE- XENUS, EPISTULAE. Trans. by the Rev. R. G. Bury.

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POLYBIUS. Trans. by W. R. Paton. 6 Vols. :

PROCOPIUS; HISTORY OF THE WARS. Trans. by H. B. Dewing. 7 Vols. Vols. I.-V.

QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS. Trans. by A. S. Way. (Verse translation.)

ST. BASIL: THE LETTERS. Trans. by R. Deferrari. 4 Vols. Vols. I. and II.

ST. JOHN DAMASCENE: BARLAAM AND IOASAPH. Trans. by the Rev. G. R. Woodward and Harold Mattingly.

SOPHOCLES. Trans. by F. Storr. 2 Vols. (Verse trans- lation.) (Vol. I. 5th Impression, II. 4th Impression.)

STRABO: GEOGRAPHY. Trans. by Horace L. Jones. 8 Vols. Vols. I.-VII.

THEOPHRASTUS: THE CHARACTERS. Trans. b J. M. Edmonds; HERODES, CERCIDAS AND T GREEK CHOLIAMBIC POETS. Trans. by A. D. Knox,

THEOPHRASTUS: ENQUIRY INTO PLANTS. Trans. by Sir Arthur Hort, Bart. 2 Vols.

THUCYDIDES. Trans. by C. F. Smith. 4 Vols. (Vol. I. 2nd Impression revised.)

XENOPHON : CYROPAEDIA. Trans. by Walter Miller. 2 Vols. (Vol. I. 2nd Impression.)

XENOPHON : HELLENICA, ANABASIS, APOLOGY, anp SYMPOSIUM. Trans. by C. L. Brownson and O. J. Todd. 3 Vols. (Vol. I. 2nd Impression.)

XENOPHON: MEMORABILIA anv OECONOMICUS, Trans. by E. C. Marchant.

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ARISTOTLE: METAPHYSICS, H. Tredennick.

ARISTOTLE: ON THE MOTION AND PROGRESSION OF ANIMALS, E. S. Forster.

ARISTOTLE: ORGANON, W. M. L. Hutchinson.

ARISTOTLE: POLITICS ann ATHENIAN CONSTI- TUTION, H. Rackham.

DEMOSTHENES: MEIDIAS, ANDROTION, ARISTO- CRATES, TIMOCRATES, J. H. Vince.

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GREEK IAMBIC AND ELEGIAC POETRY, J. M. Edmonds,

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BEDE: ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, J. E. King.

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. H. Freese.

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OVID: FASTI, Sir J. G. Frazer.

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ST. JEROME’S LETTERS: F. A. Wright.

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