2553 UC-NRLF ARKANSAS SOFT PINE HAND BOOK Hand Book ARKANSAS SOFT PINE SATIN-LIKE INTERIOR TRIM SOFT, WORKABLE COMMON LUMBER TEXT AND MOULDING DESIGNS Copyright 1919, Arkansas Soft Pine Bureau GRADING RULES Copyright, Southern Pine Association Compiled by Robert H. Brooks, Advertising Little Rock, Ark. While the Grading Rules included in this book are those of the Southern Pine Association, they are the identical rules upon which Arkansas Soft Pine is graded. Only such of the rules as apply to the Arkansas product are published herein. The same holds true regarding, the Moulding Designs. ARKANSAS SOFT PINE BUREAU LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS Page One H a n &\ &jbt jK : i . /•"« ^ ' A 73 Aerie. -Forestry. Main Library HANDBOOK con- tains a concise but complete description of Arkansas Soft Pine as to species, origin, indi- viduality, physical characteris- tics, proper use and methods for finishing and painting. It also includes the Standard Mould- ing Designs, graphically pre- sented, and complete Grading Rules. This book is intended to serve the architect as a manual and the lumber dealer as a useful and ready handbook and actuary. Page Two A' >f -k 'a', n ir; 'a '>$. : •£. bi'ftl>:P i n e Characteristic Stand of Arkansas Soft Pine Timber Page Three 491389 INDEX Page Arkansas Soft Pine, how to finish 10 Arkansas Soft Pine, weights of 11 Astragals 39 Aprons 21 Back Band 27, 28 Balusters 40, 41 Band 19 Base 221.34 Battens 18 Bead and Cove Casings 26 Bead Stops 18 Bed 14, 15 Blackboard 40 Board Measure, table of 11 Brick 15 Cap 30 to 32 Casings 22, 26, 27 Casings and Back Bands 27, 28 Chair Rail 20 Corner Beads 20 Cornice , 19 Coves 16 Crown 12 to 14 Door Trim 30 to 32 Drip Cap 25 Extension Jambs 36 Half Rounds 16 Head and Side Casings 30 to 32 Hook Strips 20 Lattice 25 Nosings 18 O Q Casings and Base 29 O O Stops 17 Panel 19 Panel Strips 21, 22 Partition Caps and Shoes 24 Pago Pew Back Rail , 20 Plate Rail 42 P G Base 29 P G Stops 17 Picture 21 Porch Baluster Stock , 40,41 Porch Rails ..'. 41 Quarter Rounds ,.,. 16 Return Beads , >. . . 16 Rounds ,....".. 16 Screen , 18 Section of Frame for Brick Veneer and Stucco Building , ,...,, 37 Section of Box Window Frame for Brick Building ,,,.,.,,.,,,.,,, 38 Section Window Frame for Frame Building. 35 Shelf Cleat , ,,.,,,... 20 Sills , ,,,,,,,,,,, 37 Sill Course »..,,f ,.-,,,, ,,,,,., 35 Sills for Window Frames and Extension Jambs ,..,..,,..,,,,.,.,,,,,,, 36 Sliding Door Banding ..,...,,,, 39 Stair Rail , 42 Stepping , , 41 Stops , 18 Sprung Cove ..,,,,,., 15 Three Member Base. 33 Threshold , , , 24 Three-quarter Rounds ,.,.,» 16 Wainscoting Caps ,,,....' 20 Window Frames, Sections of , . . , 35 Window Stools 23 Water Table .25, 35 Window and Poor Stops 17 Window Trim , 30 to 32 IINDEX TO GRADING RULES AND GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Pajr« Barn Siding 55 Barn Siding— Standard Bead 56 Base , 55 Bevel Siding v 64 Boards, Surfaced , 56 Boards, Rough' 59 Casing 55 Celling 53 Ceiling, Standard Working.., 45 Ceiling, New England or Boston "V" Ceiling, photograph 62 Close Grain 49 Dimension, Sized 57-58 Dimension, Rough 58 Door Jambs 55 Drop Siding 54 Drop Siding, Standard Patterns. 44 Fencing, Surfaced 57 Fencing, Rough 59 Finishing, Dressed 50 Finishing, Rough 58 Flooring 62 Flooring, Edged Grain (Quarter Sawed), photograph 62 Flooring — Heavy 60 Flooring, Heavy — Standard Bead 47 Pag* Flooring, Standard 60 Grain, Defective 49 General Instructions 48 Grooved Roofing 56 Grooved Roofing — Standard Working 47 Joists — Heavy , 68 Knots 48 Lath, Byrkit 69 Lath, Byrklt— Standard Working • .. 59 Lath, Plastering 69 Partition 65 Partition, Standard Working 60 Patterns 45, 46, 47 and 62 Pickets 61 Pitch 48 Miscellaneous 49 Mouldings 55 Sap 49 Shiplap 55 Shlplap, 1 inch 47 Shiplap, Heavy 47 Standard Sizes 59 to 61 Timbers (See Separate Book of Rules). Wagon Bottoms 64 Wane 49 Window Jambs . . , 65 Page Fottr *A r k'afi id ne HAND BOOK ON ARKANSAS SOFT PINE WHEREIN lies the difference be- tween Arkansas Soft Pine and Georgia Pine?" is one of the most frequent questions regarding this wood. The difference itself is pronounced in every respect. Arkansas Soft Pine is a superior quality of short leaf Yellow Pine known botanically as "Pinus Enchinata." Because of certain individual characteris- tics, namely, its freedom from excessive pitch, its light, soft, lustrous texture and fine grain, this wood has long been in de- mand among builders for certain uses in preference to the more resinous heavy species of other Pines of the South. So-called "Georgia Pine" on the other hand is of the "Pinus Palustris" branch of the Pine family, more commonly termed long leaf. It grows in all Gulf States from Florida to Texas ; it is a heavy, dense, res- inous wood adapted to uses calling for ex- treme tensile strength, but has not proven uniformly satisfactory for use as interior trim, particularly under white enamel. In the latter case, this has been due to its marked tendency to stain the enamel from underneath — owing to the action of the resinous oil which works out of the wood and through the flat white to the enameled surface, thus causing discoloration. INDIVIDUAL ADVANTAGES The advantages of Arkansas Soft Pine, therefore, lie in the merits enumerated above in the first paragraph. These in- dividual physical qualities render it partic- ularly adapted to use as interior trim. It also serves especially well as ceiling, lap. siding, barn boards, shiplap, roofing, sheathing and in all other items of the lower grades. It should be stated also that average stock from the Arkansas Soft Pine log possesses adequate strength for all tresses and loads to be expected in the con- struction of residences as well as that of rvice Bulletin No. 213 store and apartment buildings of moder- ate size. Stock joists and rafters 2x6, 2x8, 2x10 and 2x12 inches for example will serve with a wide margin of safety when used over spans not to exceed 18 or 20 feet. In this connection, Government tests conducted by the Forest Service Depart- ment* give the modulous of rupture on short leaf at 7,710 pounds as against 8,630 for long leaf, the crushing strength at 3,560 pounds as against 4,280 pounds and the shearing strength 702 radial and 704 tangential as against 1,060 and 953 pounds respectively for long leaf. Thus it is evident from the foregoing figures that Arkansas Soft Pine dimension may be safely employed for rafters even in factories or warehouses where the spans are not of extreme length. For framing material in residential and construction of similar character requir- ing dimension, boards, shiplap, etc., Ar- kansas Soft Pine will be found ultra-satis- factory for the following reasons : All piece stuff has more than ample strength to carry loads of the class already mentioned. Furthermore, it is a material of great toughness of fiber which cuts readily and yet does not split easily when nailed. Consequently, close fitting, knife joints are possible at all toe nails and miters. The same inherent, tough, resilient fiber characterizes all common grades of inch lumber. Boards, sheathing, etc., may, therefore, be easily, yet securely nailed with the minimum of effort. Carpenters who have worked in all White Pine en- dorse Arkansas Soft Pine as the nearest approach to that famous wood in softness and "workability." Due to those same characteristics which include in addition, the absence of excessive pitch, the wood takes paint in a thorough-going manner Page Five ETb± and holds it permanently without any subsequent boiling out or oozing of the pitch through the pigment. Properly mixed lead and oil will adhere to Arkansas Soft Pine over indefinite terms and will require renewing only when the paint it- self has yielded to the atmospheric ele- ments. "* Nearly three-fourths of all woods employed for manufacturing purposes in Arkansas is Short Leaf Pine .... Short Leaf Pine in Arkansas is generally considered of a higher grade than the same species grown in other regions . *. . . It is a favorite material for sash, doors and ceiling and is well liked for flooring . . . Short leaf grows faster than long leaf, particularly during the first thirty or forty years, and the sap wood is thick." SPLENDID FLOORING-MATERIAL Arkansas Soft Pine flooring is manufac- tured in approximately ten grades from heart, edge grain down to No. 2 common, flat grain. (See grading rules, pages 52 and 53). Edge grain (quarter sawn), is especially desirable for flooring and admits of no pieces in which the angle of the grain exceeds 45 degrees from vertical to any point. The most satisfactory pattern measures 13/16x3 inch nominal (2^4 inch face) and usually runs 8 feet to 20 feet in length, the greatest percentage being 10 feet to 16 feet. In the finished floor, the longer lengths reduce the number of end joints as compared to hardwood flooring, which in turn must be. accepted as short as 18 inches. With Arkansas Soft Pine, a room of any width from 8 to 18 feet may be laid in one length of flooring, thereby eliminating end joints entirely and sup- plying a completed floor of mirror-like smoothness. The finished floor, when properly scraped and sanded, will take any desired treatment in stains, varnish, gloss or waxed and produces a long wearing floor of attractive appearance. (See form- ulas, page 10.) t"Inside and outside trim for houses is manufactured from short leaf. (Do not forget that short leaf in Arkansas is of a higher grade than any other.) It is widely used for flooring and is recom- mended both by its aopearance and be- cause of its wearing qualities ; it responds readily to oils, wax and other floor finishes *Foreet Service Bulletin 106 tForeet Service Bulletin 99 and dressings. — "Plaster lath are products of the short leaf Pine forests. Many of the larger lumber mills of the South, particu- larly in Arkansas . . . advertise their short leaf as a specialty." AN IDENTIFIED PRODUCT For the purpose of assisting buyers in securing this identical material when they so specify, the manufacturers of Arkansas Soft Pine, composing the Arkansas Soft Pine Bureau, have adopted the registered trade mark appearing on the title page of this book. This emblem is an identification whereby the architect for example may assure himself that his client actually receives the material chosen. The mark itself is in turn a guarantee of reliable material, behind which stand the manufac- turers whose product must adhere to established standards of grade and quality to earn the privilege of identification afforded by the mark. DEPENDABLE WOOD LATH Before going into details as to interior trim, brief consideration of Arkansas Soft Pine lath will be well worth while. These lath are very light in weight and color, are strictly uniform in manufacture, may be had %xiy2 inches x 32 inches or 48 inches in length and when employed, will not warp, buckle or twist. They weigh but 500 pounds per thousand in 48 inch lengths and are virtually free from knots, have little or no wane or hard flinty streaks and other common defects. The soft texture and tough fiber, combined with the absence of pitch make them light to handle and easy to nail, without any tendency to split. They are thoroughly dried and can be relied upon to supply a dependable wall backing. Builders who have forsaken wood lath because of having received fuzzy, sappy, hard blue stock, will find in Arkansas Soft Pine lath a material which will more than justify their return to wood. Costing notably less than lath of other material, they supply a plaster backing on which full reliance may be placed. YOUR QUESTION ANSWERED Why should the Arkansas product be superior to short leaf or other regions? is a natural question. The answer will be f ouHd in the following : Page Six *"In Arkansas, in the hilly and moun- tainous regions on both sides of the Ar- kansas River are over 19,000 square miles in extent of short leaf pine which forms a large part of the tree covering of the siliceous, rocky soil and frequently ex- tensive forests on the wide table lands. On the uplands of yellow loam south of the hills (the exact location of the Bureau mills), the tree predominates, especially on the low ridge of gravel and loam." Thus it is established that the Arkansas Short Leaf is virtually a Simon Pure species, for which reason, the Arkansas tree amid salubrious and favorable en- vironment, unaffected by parasite or en- croaching growths of other species, at- tains perfection. The same report continues regarding short leaf as a whole: "Freer from resin- ous matter, softer, more easily worked . . . the lumber of short leaf pine is often preferred by the cabinet maker and house carpenter. It is principally used for lighter frame work in buildings, for weather boarding, floorings, ceiling. . . . casings for windows and doors and for frames and sash of all kinds." "The sapwood is clearly defined, being quite broad and often in very old trees, forms fully one-half the total volume of the trunk. In thirteen trees 100 to 150 years old, the average width of sapwood was found to be about 4 inches, while often in trees over 150 years old, its average width was 3 inches. In the former case, the sapwood estimated 65% to 70% of the volume of the logs. In the latter, 50% to 55%, while in a set of trees 50 to 100 years old, it formed fully 80% of all the wood. The change from sapwood to heart wood begins when the tree is about 25 to 30 years old and is retarded more and more with age, so that in old trees, as many as 80 or even 100 rings are counted in the sapwood while in young and thrifty trees, not more than 30 to 40 occur. "As in other pines, the butt is 15% to 20% heavier than the top and the wood of the inner 40 to 50 rings excels in weight arid strength the wood of the outer part of old logs." Referring to the foregoing paragraph, it is from the heavier butt logs that floor- ing stock is cut in order to take advantage of the more dense growth which in the •Division of Forestry Bulletin No. 13 revised edition. Arkansas Soft Pine finished product will stand up under hard wear. Heart face, edge grain, Arkansas Soft Pine flooring is practically indestruct- ible. It is made from the same class of stock as was used for ship decking in the prime days of America's Merchant Ma- rines by the shipbuilders along the South- eastern coast of the United States. CHARACTER OF FINISH STOCK It is from the thick, clear sapwood with its fine, lustrous texture and virtual ab- sence of resinous oils that the highest grade of interior finish is manufactured and it is because of the large percentage of this clear material peculiar to South Central Arkansas timber that Arkansas Soft Pine attains its maximum of value, merit and beauty when employed as in- terior trim. Owing to the physical characteristics already enumerated, combined with well balanced absorbing qualities— due to the absence of pitch — interior trim of this wood will take stains and enamels with thoroughly satisfying results. A wide choice of figure is possible, due to the variety of grain, and by selection, certain patterns of bold or conservative figure can be assembled for the complete finish- ing of individual rooms. Patterns which resemble the more rare and costly woods can be thus chosen and with appropriate color treatment be made to supply a rich woodwork at moderate cost. When stains or enamels are applied, the first coat of stain or lead and oil is absorbed to a proper degree of penetration. INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT Contrary to the necessary shellacing or filling of certain pine, which is required to first neutralize the rosin or inherent oily qualities, the stain or flat white coats are applied directly to the raw wood of Ar- kansas Soft Pine first. Thus the stain or white lead is evenly absorbed and a perfectly smooth base upon which to build up the satin-like surface is estab- lished. It is when stains or the flat white must work their way through a priming coat of shellac or fitter that streaky, blotchy results are experienced, to say nothing of raised grain. In using Arkan- sas Soft Pine, however, this contingency is definitely avoided. Page Seven PROPER SANDING IMPORTANT A prime pre-requisite is that flat faced finish shall be machine sanded. If the local lumber yard is not equipped with such ap- paratus, the work may be done for a nom- inal charge at any first class planing mill. This method is preferable as it insures a smooth, polished surface on the natural wood and eliminates the liability of scuf- fing as is so often done when the wood is worked on the bench by hand with a steel scraper or block and sand paper. After coming from the machine, the pieces should be wrapped in paper as a precaution against finger-marks and dust and handled with due care until delivery to the job is made. After installation and when the painter begins his work, the applied finish is, by nature of the wood, tenaciously and thor- oughly embraced by the tough resilient fiber so that it actually becomes an in- tegral part of the wood itself. A fixed surface is thus established and as the wood ages, it likewise hardens and thus provides the base upon which the final treatment retains its luster. PROPERLY BALANCED ABSORPTION Any prejudice which may have existed against soft woods as interior trim, has been due in part to the tendency of some of them to over-absorb the varnishes or enamels. While Arkansas Soft Pine is a soft wood, it is not of that cork-like soft- ness which literally "drinks up" oils and varnishes. The tough fiber prevents just that possibility. Particular emphasis is laid on the merit of this wood as a base for white enamel. The absence of rosin or oil content in- sures against any possibility of staining the white surface from underneath. The close fiber takes the flat white coat with a perfectly uniform absorption, nor is any trouble experienced with raised grain, as the fine texture of the wood has no such tendency. The enameled coats therefore, when finished, are perfectly smooth and the ultimate result equals in every respect that which is obtained on the more costly woods so frequently recommended. Arkansas Soft Pine Bureau Page Eight Arkansas Soft Pine Typical Figure in Arkansas Soft Pine Interior Trim Page Nine Hand Book How to Finish Arkansas Soft Pine Arkansas Soft Pine Is an Ideal wood for finishing, owing to Its fine texture and close grain. So pronounced Is this grain that many successful reproductions of oak, mahogany and other effects can be obtained with it. It Is also well adapted to white enamel finishing, as unlike some species of Pine, it absorbs the undercoating and enamel evenly, giving a finish of mirror- like smoothness. Moreover, this wood positively will not discolor the enamel from underneath. For this purpose, it is an unnecessary expenditure of money to use any more costly wood, as white enamel hides the surface over which it is applied. As in the finishing of all woods, best results are secured only by using the right stain, varnish or enamel. When quality materials are selected and carefully applied, the result leaves little to be desired in beauty or permanency. NATURAL FINISH INTERIOR TRIM 1 coat of Liquid Wood Filler. 2 coats of Interior Trim Varnish. Left in gloss, rubbed dull or polished as desired. FLOORS 8 coats of best Floor Varnish. EXTERIOR WORK 1 coat of Floor Varnish. 2 coata of Exterior Varnish. STAINED FINISHES WITH GLOSS VARNISH Oil Stains are best adapted to Arkansas Soft Pine In the following shades: Light Oak, Dark Oai, Weathered Oak, Cherry, RoKwood. Walnut, Golden Oak, Forest Green, Antique, Mahogany and Dark Mahogany. Following are the specifications: INTERIOR TRIM 1 coat of Oil Stain. 1 coat of Liquid Wood Filler. 2 coats of Interior Trim Varnish. Left in gloss, rubbed dull or polished as desired. FLOORS 1 coat of Oil Stain. 2 or 3 coats of Floor Varnish. EXTERIOR WORK 1 coat of Oil Stain. 1 coat of Floor Varnish. 2 coats of Exterior Varnish. DULL VARNISH FINISH The following specification produces a dull, velvety finish, but applies only to interior trim, as a Dull Varnish should not be used on floors or exterior work. The Weathered Oak Stain i« almost always finished in this way. INTERIOR TRIM 1 coat of Oil Stain. 1 coat of Liquid Wood Filler. 1 coat of Dull Varnish. SILVER GRAY EFFECT The popular Silver Gray effect requires special treatment, differing from the other color effects, and Is best obtained with an Acid Stain. Acid Stains are primarily intended for hard woods and not for soft woods such as Arkansas Pine, but for a Silver Gray Effect on Arkansas Pine there is no better method than the specifications listed below. This specification Ik not suitable for floors or exterior work. INTERIOR TRIM— DULL VARNISH FINISH 1 coat of Silver Gray Acid Stain. 1 coat of White Paste Filler. 1 coat of Shellac. 1 coat of Dull Varnich. ENAMEL FINISH In "enamel finishing particularly it is extremely Important that all knots are given a thin coat of pure white shellac before finishing. Where a dull finish is wanted without the expense of nibbing use an "Egg--ghell" Enamel. INTERIOR TRIM 1 coat of Pure White Lead mixed with equal parts of Linseed Oil and Turpentine, with a small amount of Dryer added. 2 coats of Enamel Undercoating. 2 coati of Enamel. Left In gloss or rubbed dull as desired. GENERAL DIRECTIONS PREPARATION OF SURFACE The surface for a varnish or enamel finish should be cleaned and sandpapered smooth with No. 0 or No. 00 Sandpaper. Touch up any knots or sappy places with pure white Shellac. Machine sanding Is always advised when possible. Apply evenly with a varnish brush. Allow 24 hours to dry. Turpentine added to Oil Stains gives a lighter shade. Wiping off an Oil Stain with a soft cloth about five minutes after it Is applied also produces a lighter shade, and this is always done with Antique, Weathered Oak and Golden Oak Stains, also for a lighter shade of Forest Green. Before applying the Silver Gray Acid Stain the wood should first be sponged with cold water and sandpapered when dry. Also sandpapered again when the stain is dry, which is not necessary when using an Oil Stain. Add water to make Silver Gray Acid Stain lighter. HOW TO APPLY LIQUID WOOD FILLER, SHELLAC, VARNISH AND ENAMEL Apply evenly with a varnish brush of a size adapted to the work In hand. Allow Shellac and Liquid Wood Filler 24 hours to dry; Floor Varnish and Interior Trim Varnish 48 hours. Allow Exterior Varnish 4 days to dry, as well as the final coat of Interior Trim Varnish when it is to be rubbed or polished. Sandpaper each coat of Liquid Wood Filler, Shellac or Varnish when dry before applying the next coat, with No. 00 or No. 0 Sandpaper. HOW TO OBTAIN A RUBBED OR POLISHED FINISH To rub Varnish to a dull finish use a piece of rubbing felt about four inches square dipped alternately in finely pulverized pumice stone and crude oil or pulverized pumice stone and water. For a very dull finish use hair cloth or curled hair, crude oil and a coarse grade of pumice stone. When oil is used, after the gloss is thoroughly removed the work should be wiped off with clean, soft cloths or cotton waste. When water is used, the surface should be washed with water and dried with a chamois skin, then oiled off with linseed or rubbing oil used sparingly on a soft cloth or cotton waste. The water rub method Is the only one suitable for rubbing White Enamel. For a polished finish carry out the water rub method to the point of oiling off, then rub with rotten stone and oil or rotten stone and water. Where rotten stone and water is used, finally apply a little rotten stone to the palm of the hand, bringing up the high polish by the friction of the hand. After the surface has been polished, oil off In the same manner as described above for the water rub finish. COVERING CAPACITIES Liquid Wood Filler and Stains — about 500 square feet p«r gallon; Varnish, Shellac and Enamel — about 600 square feet per gallon. HOW TO REFINI8H OLD WORK If in good condition, clean and sandpaper and apply a coat or two of varnish; if in bad condition, or it is desired to stain a different color, remove the varnish with varnish remover and finish as for new wood. The old finish need not be removed where enamel is to be applied, but preliminary touching up of all chipped places with the enamel or paint is desirable before giving the entire surface the first coat. NOTE — We are indebted to Pratt & Lambert, Inc., the well-known varnish makers for the above specifications and directions. They will be glad to answer any questions regarding the finishing of Arkansas Soft Pine. Address the Advisory Department, Pratt & Lambert, Inc., 75-97 Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, N. Y. Page Ten Arkansas S oft Pine Table of Board Measure LENGTH IN FEET Size in Inches 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 2 x 4 . . 654 8 954 1054 12 1354 1454 16 1754 1853 20 2154 2x6. 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 2 x 8i 1354 16 1853 2150 24 2653 2954 32 3453 3754 40 4253 2 xlO. 1654 20 2353 2653 30 3354 3653 40 43 y3 4654 50 5354 2 x!2.' 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 2 x!4. 2354 28 3254 3754 42 4653 5154 56 6054 6554 70 74?4 2 x!6. 2653 32 3754 4254 48 5354 5853 64 6954 7454 80 8554 2%xl2. 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 2956 35 405/6 4653 52% 5854 6456 70 7554 8154 87% 9354 9V rlfi 3354 40 4653 5354 60 6653 7354 80 8654 9354 100 10653 3x6. 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 3 x si 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 3 xioi 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 3 x!2i 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 3 x!4 i 35 42 49 56 63 • 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 3 xl6i 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 4x4. 1354 16 1853 2154 24 2653 2954 32 3453 3754 40 4253 4x6. 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 4 x 8i 2654 32 3754 4254 48 5854 64 6954 7453 80 8554 4 xlO. 3354 40 4653 5354 60 6653 7354 80 8654 9354 100 10653 4 x!2. 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 4 x!4. 4654 56 6554 7454 84 9354 10234 112 12153 . 13053 140 14954 6x6. 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 6x8. 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 6 xlO. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 6 x!2 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 6 x!4. 70 84 98 112 126 140 154 168 182 196 210 224 6 x!6. 80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 208 224 240 256 8x8. 5354 64 7454 8554 96 10654 11754 128 13853 14954 160 17054 8 xlO. 6654 80 9354 10653 120 13354 14653 160 17354 18654 200 21354 8 x!2. 80 96 112 128 144 160 176. 192 208 224 240 256 8 x!4. 9354 112 13054 14954 168 18654 20554 224 24253 26154 280 29854 10 xlO. 8354 100 11653 13354 150 16654 18354 200 21653 23354 250 26653 10 x!2. 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 10 x!4. 11654 140 16354 18653 210 23354 25653 280 303h 32653 350 37354 10 x!6. 13354 160 18654 21354 240 26653 29354 320 34653 37353 400 42653 12 x!2. 120 144 168 192 216 240 264 288 312 336 360 384 12 x!4. 140 168 196 224 252 280 308 336 364 392 420 448 12 x!6. 160 192 224 256 288 320 352 384 416 448 480 512 14 x!4. 16354 196 22854 26154 294 32653 35954 392 42453 45754 490 52253 14 x!6. 18654 224 26154 29853 336 37354 41054 448 48553 52253 560 B9754 Average Weights of Arkansas Soft Pine When Worked to Standard Size DRY 'Flooring, !Jx2i4 1,800 Flooring, tfx3% 2,000 Flooring, tfx5% 2,200 Ceiling, 3/8 900 Ceiling, % 1,100 Ceiling, 5/8 1,400 Ceiling, % 1,700 Partition, % 1,800 Siding, from inch stock 1,000 Siding, from U4 inch stock 1,250 Drop Siding, % and Moulded Casing. 1,800 Moulded Base 2,000 Finish, inch S 1 S or S 2 S 2,500 Finish. 1%, 1% and 2 inch, S 1 S or S 2 S 2,700 Finish, 1, 1%, 1% and 2 inch, rough 3,200 *For hollow back flooring deduct 100 IDS. SHIPPING DRY Shiplap and D. & M., % 2,200 Grooved Roofing 2,400 Common Boards and Fencing, 1x4, 6, 8, 10 inch, S 1 S or 2 S to 13/16 2,500 Common Boards, 1x12, S 1 S or 2 S to 13/16. . . 2,600 Common Boards and Fencing, 1x4, 6, 8, 10 inch, rough 3,300 Common Boards, 1x12, rough 3,400 2x4, 2x6 and 2x8, S 1 S 1 B to 1% 2,500 2x4, 2x6 and 2x8, rough 3,300 2x10 and 2x12, S 1 S 1 E to 1%.. 2,600 2x10 and 2x12, rough 3,300 GREEN 2x14 and 3x12, S1S1E 8,500 2x14 and 3x12, rough 4,200 3x4 and 6x6, S 1 S 1 E 3,500 4x4 and 6x8, rough 4,200 8x8 and over, rough 4,200 Plastering Lath, dry 500 Byrkit Lath, dry 1.860 Page Eleven Hand Book CROWN MOULDINGS Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twelve Arkansas Soft Pin CROWN MOULDINGS Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirteen Hand Book CROWN and BED MOULDINGS Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Fourteen Arkansas S oft Pin SPRUNG COVE, BED and BRICK MOULDINGS Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Fifteen Hand Book COVES, QUARTER ROUNDS, HALF ROUNDS AND ROUNDS Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Sixteen Arkansas Soft Pine WINDOW AND DOOR STOPS 8093 y2 x 254 $2.50 8540 54 x iy8 $1.25 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Seventeen Hand Book •TcL $1.00 $1.00 8563 4 x & 8570 STOPS, NOSINGS and SCREEN MOULDINGS 3560 8561 8562 8571 y* x y8 g^ N* $1.00 t^Tn ^ $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.75 8124 1H x 2 $3.75 8125 1^ x 2}4 $5.00 8132 ft x ^ $1.00 8139 Xs SCREEN MOULDINGS 8610 8611 54 x & $0.80 $0.80 8142 « x 1# $1.75 $1.00 O. G. BATTS 8151 M x 2J4 $2.50 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Eighteen Arkansas Soft Pine PANEL, BAND and CORNICE MOULDINGS Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Nineteen Hand Book HOOK STRIPS WAINSCOT CAPS . CORNER BEAD SHELF CLEAT 8256 CHAIR RAIL Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty Arkansas Soft Pine APRONS PICTURE MOULDINGS PANEL STRIPS 8655 A 8656 x 254 $2.50 8667 x 254 $2.50 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE— All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty-one SQUARE MEMBERS, CASING and BASE 8706 y* x 454 10.00 8394 x 4 15.60 PANEL STRIPS 8660 x 2 $3.00 8657 x 254 $2.50 8424 x 75 $8,00 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty-two Arkansas Soft Pine WINDOW STOOLS 8$66 & x 3J4 $3.50 8268 » x 4 $7.85 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty-three 8695 x 3 $7.00 PARTITION CAP and SHOE 8696 x 2 $7.60 THRESHOLD Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size 'III •— ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Page Twenty -four Arkansas Soft Pine LATTICE 8280 $0.85 8282 $1.00 $1.40 DRIP CAPS and WATER TABLE 8283 x 1 $3.30 8284 J* x $3.75 8285 * x 2 $4.55 8286 15* x 3 $5.40 8287 * x 3*/2 $6.20 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty-five CASINGS 8289 x 4% $5.00 8290 x 42 $6.00 8308 x 3 $4.20 8309* t x 4^ $5.00 *Also 8309^ measuring 24 x 4J4 in. $5.50 8310 x 4 $6.00 8311 x s $6.00 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount, NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty-six Arkansas Soft Pine Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty-seven CASINGS and BACK BANDS 8378 A x 1 $2.36 8309 y4 x 414 $5.CO 8713 * x 1 $2.35 8705 x 4 $5.00 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty -eight Arkansas Soft Pine P. G. BASE and O. G. CASING and BASE Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — -All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Twenty-nine Hand Book Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty Arkansas Soft Pine Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty-one Hand Book CAP TRIM Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty-two Arkansas Soft Pine THREE-M EMBER BASE 8420 34 x 254 $2.75 8741 34 x 554 $6.50 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty-three Hand Book 8426 y4 x 754 $8.00 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty-four Arkansas Soft Pine SECTION WINDOW FRAME for FRAME BUILDING WATER TABLE SILL COURSE Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty -five Hand Book SILLS for WINDOW FRAMES and EXTENSION JAMBS • EXTENSION JAMBS 8855 * x 4 $5.50 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty -six Arkansas Soft Pine SECTION of FRAME for BRICK VENEER and STUCCO BUILDING Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — Ail Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty -seven Hand Book SEC ION of BOX WINDOW FRAME for BRICK BUILDING 8441 iy& x 2 $3.75 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty-eight Arkansas S oft Pine i «1»M>»*»«*«B ASTRAGALS 30 cents net each SLIDING DOOR BANDING $1.00 $1.75 30 cents net each Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Thirty-nine Hand Book BLACKBOARD MOULDINGS PORCH BALUSTER STOCK 8920 x i $2.90 8063 4 x j, $1.00 Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Arkansas S of t Pine PORCH and BALUSTER STOCK STEPPING O. G. Finished Size same as S 4 S Finish Add $3.00 to S 2 S Finish Price Rolind Edge Finished Size same as S 4 S Finish Add $3.00 to S 2 S Finish Price Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Forty-one Hand Book PLATE RAIL INDEX TO MOULDINGS BY NUMBER Page No. 12 80OO 12 8OO2 12 8OO3 12 8OO4 12 8OO5 12 8OO6 13 8007 13 8008 13 8OO9 13 .....8O1O 13 8O11 13 8013 13 8013 13 8014 14 8015 14 8010 14 8017 14 8O18 14 8O19 14 8O2O 14 8021 14 8023 16 8O24 15 8O25 15 8O26 16 8O29 ICu 8O3O 15 8O31 15 8O38 15. ., 8O33 15 8O35 15 8036 15 8O37 15 8O38 15 8O42 15 8O46 IS 8O48 16 8051 1« 8054 Size x 35 Page No. 16 8055 16 8O57 16 8O59 16 8O6O 16 8061 16, 40 8O63 16, 24 8O64 16, 33 8O65 16 8066 16 8066% 16 8O67 16 8075 16 8076 16 8077 16 8O78 16 8079 16 8O8O 17 8O82 17 8O83 17, 38 8084 17, 35 8O85 17 8O86 17 8O89 17 , 8O9O 17 8O91 17 8O93 17 8094 17 8O95 17 8O96 17 8O97 17 8O98 17 8115 17 8116 17 8117 17 8118 17 8119 17 8120 18 8123 18 ... ...8124 Size Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size Page Forty -two ! '"• ' " ' ' '" * ' * * * * *•- Arkansas Soft Pine INDEX TO MOULDINGS BY NUMBER— Continued Page 18... 18.... 18.... 18. . . . 18.... 18.... 18.... 18.... 18. . . . 18. . . . 18.... 19.... 19.... 19.... 19 .... 19.... 19.... 19.... 20.... 20.... 20.... 20. ... 21. 21. No. .8185 .8131 .8132 .8139 8140 .8141 .8143 .8145 .8146 .815O .8151 .8161 .8167 .8174 .8177 .8178 .8180 Size .8238 .8242 .8256 .8258 .8263 .8264 21 8365 23 8266 23 8267 23 8268 23 8269 •23 8269% 24 8271 24 8273 24 8274 24 8278 25 8280 25 8281 25 8282 25 8283 25 8284 25 8285 25 8286 25 8287 26 8289 26 829O 20, 26, 28 83O8 26, 28 83O9 26 8310 26 8311 27 , 8341 27 834» 27 8358 27 8359 27 8368 27 8374 28 8378 29 8384 29 8385 29 8386 28, SO. 8387 30 8389 30 8393 22, 30, 31, 37, 38 8394 30 8395 30 8396 22, 30, 32 8397 30 8398 31 8399 31 840O 31 84O1 31, 32 84O8 32 841O 33 8414 33 8415 33 842O 33 8421 33 8422 22, 34 8424 34 8426 33 8427 35 843O 35 8431 35, 37, 38 8432 36 8439 36 844O 37, 38 4 8441 38 8443 88 8444 Page No. 39 8446 41 8453 41 , 8454 41 , 8455 42 8457 14 8520 16 853O 16 8531 16 8532 16 8535 17. 37 8540 17 8541 17 8542 17 8543 17 8544 18 8560 18 8561 18 8562 18 8563 18 8564 18 857O 18 8571 18 8600 18 861O 18 8611 19 8619 19 8620 19 8621 19 8623 19 8624 20 8626 20 8627 20 8638 20 8629 20 8635 20 8636 23 8638 20 8640 21 8641 21 8643 21 8643 21, 22 8655 21, 22 8656 21, 22 8657 21 8658 21 8659 21, 22 866O 21 8665 21 8667 23 8669 24 8695 24 8696 24 8700 22, 27, 28 8705 27 8706 27 8707 28 8711 28.... ...8713 28 8713 29 8716 32 8721 32 8733 33 8740 33 8741 34 8790 34 8828 34...: , 8829 42 8833 42 8833 35 884O 35 8850 35 8851 36 8855 87 ...8800 37 8863 38 8865 39... 8875 39 8876 39 889O 39 8891 40 89OO 40 89O1 40 89O3 40 89O3 40 893O 40 8921 40 8932 x 2 x 1* Page Forty-three Hand Book :=ra Arkansas Soft Pine Drop Siding Adopted at Memphis, Tenn., Jan. 16, 1901 Revised at New Orleans, La., April, 1915 Worked Shiplap : x 5V4 over all. allow Yy inch for Lap Worked Tongue Groove. % x SVi over all 5V4 in Face O Cj XSTAMDAeD ^c o-> O "STANDARD r-1 ~ 3 5 1 ' p oo •STANDARD 5 r Orders for Stock should conform to above numbers SB. Nil > . * > ,,. ^9 X sft HS5 £15 -hr -* ,«£! 13 t O ' Tj- X tu _G O O E J& r'int i HIP/ Forty-four Arkansas S of t Pine ifiEL • Standard Sizes and Patterns of Arkansas Soft Pine Ceiling ^J-inch Ceiling Shiplapped ^B-inch Ceiling D. &M. Ceiling A' 92-1 — > L h '*•" 3" '*"' J 8 16 | i JriT li- & r k3- ,« he Tfc i ' 5*2- ^^ 5Z. 3£ Jk", 31 j. i- 'V 3' |^-" I • '16 S ! P\r~ y-y 5 h IT; 52 _/' '° M^ - 16 "i _» n •-^f •£ Ceiling h Ceiling .52^- S" 32 li' \k' IV 55- ^ 32" lo' R J.' 8 • sr i Page Forty -five Hand Book STANDARD SIZES OF HEAVY FLOORING tf el/ s 5" a _Z" i& tr> N — i«0 N|^ >&j 2x6 FLOORING GROOVED FOR SPLINES si1 IF SURFACED ON TWO SIDES 2fi V|N Forty-six Arkansas Soft Pine STANDARD GROOVE FOR GROOVED ROOFING M 16 8 INCH, 10 INCH and 12 INCH SHIPLAP (STANDARD) STANDARD PATTERN BYRKIT LATH STANDARD BEAD FOR 1 INCH BARN SIDING ^ 1 tL — i - JYT- 32 ».' If r ^ V N i'- 32' /Ts1" ^? jS jp — •— ^ i Center bead to be the same if stock is desired worked with a center bead Page Forty-seven Hand Book Grading Rules for Arkansas Soft Pine Lumber General Instructions ECOGNIZED defects in Arkansas Soft 1\ Pine are knots, knot holes, splits (either from seasoning, ring hearts or rough handling), shake, wane, red heart, pith, rot, rotten streaks, worm holes, pitch, pitch pockets, torn grain, loosened grain, seasoning checks, sap stains, crooks and defects caused by manufacturing. A crook is a deflection edgewise from a straight line in the length of a piece. The extent of crook shall be determined by drawing a straight line from end to end of the piece on the concave edge, and measur- ing from such line to the edge of piece at the point of greatest deflection. KNOTS 2. Knots shall be classified as follows : fPin, SIZE^ Standard, [Large. fRound, FORMAL ., LSpike. Sound, [Pith and Unsound. 3. A PIN KNOT is sound and not over !/2 inch in diameter. 4. A STANDARD KNOT is sound and not over I inches in diameter. 5. over 6. A ROUND KNOT is oval or circu- lar in form. 7. A SPIKE KNOT is one sawn in a lengthwise direction. (The mean or average diameter of knots shall be considered in applying and con- struing the rules except in dimension.) A LARGE KNOT is one any size inches in diameter. , 8. A SOUND KNOT is one solid across its face, is as hard as the wood it is in ; may be either red or black, and is so fixed by growth or position that it will retain its place in the piece. 9. A LOOSE KNOT is one not held firmly in place by growth or position. 10. A PITH KNOT is a sound knot, with a pith hole not more than ^4 inch in diameter. 11. An ENCASED KNOT is one whose growth rings are not intergrown and homogeneous with the growth rings of the piece it is in. The encasement may be partial or complete, if intergrown partially or so fixed by growth or position that it will retain its place in the piece, it shall be considered a sound knot; if completely intergrown on one face, it is a water-tight knot. 12. An UNSOUND KNOT is one not as hard as the wood it is in. PITCH 13. PITCH POCKETS are openings between the grain of the wood contain- ing more or less pitch or bark, and shall be classified as small, standard and large pitch pockets. 14. A small pitch pocket is one not over I/Q of an inch wide. A standard pitch pocket is one not over % of an inch wide, or 3 inches in length. A large pitch pocket is one over % of an inch wide or over 3 inches in length. A pitch pocket showing open on both sides of the piece y$ of an inch or more in width, shall be considered the same as a knot hole of equal size. 15. A pitch streak is a well-defined ac- cumulation of pitch at one point in the piece, and when not sufficient to develop Page Forty-eight Arkansas Soft Pine a well-defined streak, or where fiber be- tween grains is not saturated with pitch, it shall not be considered a defect. A small pitch streak shall be equivalent to not over 1/12 the width and 1/6 of the length of the piece it is in. A standard pitch streak shall be equiva- lent to not over 1/6 the width and l/$ of the length of the piece it is in. WANE 16. Wane is bark, or the lack of bark, or a decrease of wood from any cause, on the edge of the piece. SAP 17. Bright Sap shall not be considered a defect in any of the grades provided for and described in these rules. The re- striction or exclusion of bright sap con- stitutes a special class of material which can only be secured by special contract. 18. Sap stain such as usually occurs in the drying process, or which occurs as a result of shipping lumber green, when so ordered, shall not be considered a defect in any of the grades of Common Lumber. CLOSE GRAIN 19. "Close Grain." The term "close grain" shall mean an average of not less than six annular rings to the inch. DEFECTIVE GRAIN 20. Chipped grain consists in a part of the surface being chipped or broken out in small particles below the line of the cut, and, as usually found, should not be classed as torn grain and shall not be con- sidered a defect. Torn grain consists in a part of the wood being torn out in dressing, and is of four distinct characters — slight, medium, heavy and deep. Slight torn grain should not exceed 1/32 of an inch in depth, medium torn grain 1/16 of an inch, and heavy torn grain % of an inch. Any torn grain heavier than Vs of an inch shall be termed deep. Loosened grain consists in a point of one grain being torn loose from the next grain. MISCELLANEOUS 21. Firm red heart shall not be con- sidered a defect in any of the grades of Common Lumber except as herein spec- ified. 22. Defects in rough stock caused by improper manufacture and drying will re- duce grades, unless they can be removed in dressing such stock to standard size. 23. All stock, except Dimension, shall be inspected en the face side to determine the grade. In stock surfaced one side only, the dressed surface shall be con- sidered the face side. Stock rough or dressed two sides, or common boards cen- ter matched, or shiplapped and S. 2 S., the best side shall be considered the face side, but the reverse side of all such stock should not be more than one grade lower. 24. Imperfect manufacture in dressed stock, such as torn grain, loosened grain, slight skips in dressing, wane, broken knots, mismatched, insufficient tongue or groove on Flooring, Ceiling, Drop Siding, etc., shall be considered defects, and will reduce the grade according as they are slight or serious in the effects on the use of the stock. 25. Pieces of Flooring, Drop Siding or Partition, with 3/16 of an inch or more of tongue, and pieces of Ceiling with */8 of an inch or more of tongue, and pieces of Shiplap with 5/16 inch of lap will be ad- mitted in any grade. Pieces of Flooring, Drop Siding, Ceil- ing or Partition, having not less than 1/16 of an inch tongue, will be admitted in No. 2 Common. Pieces of Shiplap having less than 5/16 of an inch and not less than y$ of an inch lap shall be admitted in No. 2 Common. One-sixteenth of an inch lap admitted in No. 3 Common Shiplap. 26. In all grades of D and Better Flooring, and No. 1 Common and Better Ceiling, Drop Siding, etc., wane on the reverse side, equivalent to one-third the width and one-sixth the length of the piece, provided the wane does not ex- tend into the tongue or groove, is ad- missible. 27. The grade of all regular stock shall be determined by the number, character, Page Forty -nine Hand Book position and location of the defects visible in any piece. The enumerated defects herein described admissible in any grade are intended to be descriptive of the doarsest pieces such grades may contain. 28. Lumber and timber sawed for specific purposes must be inspected with a view to its adaptability for the use in- tended. Material not conforming to standard sizes shown herein and that is intended for agricultural implement com- panies, wagon companies, car manufactur- ing companies, railway companies, etc., shall be governed by special contract and inspection. 29. The standard lengths are multiples of 2 feet, 4 to 24 feet inclusive, for Boards, Fencing, Dimension, Joists and Timbers; multiples of 1 foot, 4 to 20 feet, inclusive, for Finishing, Flooring, Ceiling, Siding, Partition, Casing, Base, Window and Door Jambs— except as hereinafter speci- fied. Longer or shorter lengths than those herein specified are special. Special frac- tional lengths, when ordered, will be count- ed as the next higher standard length. 30. The standard widths for lumber, S. 1 S. or S. 2 S., or rough, excluding Dimension, shall be multiples of 1 inch — 3 inches and up in width. 81. Stock width shipments of No. 1 Common and Better, either rough or dressed on one or two sides, shall be accepted as standard where not more than 20 % of any shipment is *4 inch scant on 8- inch and under ; % inch scant on 9 and 10- inch; 1/2 inch scant on 11 and 12-inch and wider ; pieces narrower than the above, and pieces in excess of 2Q% of the shipment that are of the minimum measurement above given, should be measured as of the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade (for width of No. 2 Boards and Fencing, see pages 56 and 57 ; for width of dimension see Sections 90 and 98.) 32. Arkansas Soft Pine shall be classi- fied as to grain as Edge Grain and Flat Grain. Edge Grain has been variously desig- nated as rift sawn, vertical grain, quarter sawn, all being commercially synonymous DRESSED ARKANSAS Sizes. Finishing shall be dressed to the following : 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16; 1%,-ineh S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% ; terms. Edge grain stock is especially de- sirable for Flooring and admits no piece in which the angle of the grain exceeds 45 degrees from vertical at any point. 33. All dressed stock shall be measured and sold strip count, viz.: Full size of rough material necessarily used in its manufacture. All sizes 1 inch or less in thickness shall be counted as 1 inch thick. 34. In standard manufacture of Fac- tory Flooring, Decking, or thick dressed and matched stock, and stock grooved for splines, and for thick Shiplap, the finished width shall be i/^-inch less over all than the count or measured width of the rough material used in manufacture, and the tongue and lap shall be measured to de- termine the finished width, and face meas- ure shall not be standard. 35. "Equivalent" means equal, and in construing and applying these rules, the defects allowed, whether specified or not, are understood to be equivalent in damag- ing effect to those mentioned applying to stock under consideration. 36. No arbitrary rules for the inspec- tion of lumber can be maintained with satisfaction. The variations from any given rule are numerous and suggested by practical common sense, so nothing more definite than the general features of dif- ferent grades should be attempted by rules of inspection. 37. Inspection of lumber is not an exact science and a reasonable variation of opin- ion between inspectors should be recog- nized; therefore, a variation of not more than 5 per cent upon reinspection should not disturb the original inspection. 38. Lumber must be accepted on grade in the form in which it was shipped. Any subsequent change in manufacture or mill work will prohibit an inspection for the adjustment of claims, except with the consent of all parties interested. 39. The foregoing general observations shall apply to and govern the application of the following specifications : SOFT PINE FINISHING. iy2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% ; 2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% inches. These thicknesses also apply when S. 4 S. Page Fifty 1 x 4 — S. 4 S. shall be 3% inches wide finished ; 1 x 5 — S. 4 S. shall be 4% inches wide; 1 x 6 — shall be 5% inches wide, fin- ished ; 1 x 7 — 6% inches ; 1 x 8 — 71/2 inches ; 1 x 9 — 81/2 inches ; 1 x 10 — 91/2 inches; 1 x 11 — 101/2 inches ; 1 x 12 — 111/2 inches. The foregoing widths shall also apply to stock thicker than 1 inch. Width. Stock widths of Finishing, either rough or dressed, on one side or two sides, shall be accepted as standard where not more than 20% of any shipment is 14 inch scant on 8 inch and under; % inch scant on 9 and 10 inch ; and 1/2 inch scant on 11 inch and 12 inch and wider; pieces narrower than the above, and pieces in excess of 20% of the shipment that are of the minimum above given, should be measured as of the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade. Lengths. Standard lengths are 8 to 20 feet and in shipments of mixed lengths, five per cent of 8 or 9-foot in grade of C and Better shall be admitted. (The above percentage of short lengths is customary, and in the interest of con- servation will be included, so far as prac- ticable, in all shipments of mixed lengths.) Grades: A, B and C. Arkansas S oft Pine 40. "A" FINISHING, inch, and 2-inch, dressed one or two sides, up to and including 12 inches in width, must show one face practically clear of all de- fects ; except that it may have such wane as would dress off if surfaced four sides. 13-inch and wider "A" Finishing will admit two small defects or their equivalent. 41. "B" FINISHING, inch, 11/4, and 2-inch, dressed one or two sides, up to and including 10 inches in width, in addition to the equivalent of one split in end which should not exceed in length the width of the piece, will admit any two of the following or their equivalent of com- bined defects: slight torn grain, three pin knots, one standard knot, three small pitch pockets, one standard pitch pocket, one standard pitch streak, five per cent of sap stain, or firm red heart; wane not to exceed 1 inch in width, i/4-inch in depth and 1/6 the length of the piece; small seasoning checks. 11-inch and wider "B" Finishing will admit three of the above defects or their equivalent, but sap stain or firm red heart shall not exceed 10 per cent. 42. "C" FINISHING, up to and includ- ing 10-inch in width will admit, in addi- tion to the equivalent of one split in end which should not exceed in length the width of the piece, any two of the follow- ing, or their equivalent or combined de- fects: 25 per cent of sap stain, 25 per cent firm red heart, two standard pitch streaks, medium torn grain in three places in one piece, slight shake, seasoning checks that do not show an opening through, two standard pitch pockets, six small pitch pockets, two standard knots, six pin knots, wane 1 inch in width, 14 inch in depth and ^ the length of the piece. Defective dressing or slight skips in dressing will also be allowed that do not prevent its use as finish without waste. 11 and 12-inch "C" Finishing will ad- mit one additional defect or its equivalent. Pieces wider than 12 inches will admit two additional defects to those admitted in 10- inch or their equivalent, except sap stain, which shall not be increased. Pieces otherwise as good as "B" will admit of twenty pin worm holes. 43. Special. In case Jboth sides are de- sired A, B or C grade, or free from all defects, special contract must be made. Defective dressing or slight skips in dressing, on the reverse side of Finishing, are admissible. (See Sections 23. 24 and 35.) PANEL SHOP 44. PANEL SHOP is 10 inches and 12 inches wide, all lengths from 8 to 20 feet or longer. It must be practically free from pitch streaks, but may contain any kind of defects that can be removed by cross-cutting the board: such defects must be limited in number and location so that cross-cutting to remove them will not consume more than one-quarter of the length of the piece, and the residue of the piece shall be suitable for Nos. 1 and 2 Panel, and all lengths 18 inches and urnnrTiiTTrn^T i i i Page Fifty-one Hand Book longer, but such residue shall not be con- sidered to be of any special stock length, but will represent the balance of the board after the defects as above named have been removed. No. 1 Panels must be practically free from defects on both sides and well man- ufactured. No. 2 Panels up to 24 inches long will admit any one of the following defects, which may show on both sides: One small sound knot not to exceed ^4-inch in diameter; one small pitch streak; one small pitch pocket, the equivalent of V8- inch wide and 1/16 of an inch deep ; slight sap stain, slight defect in manufacture. Panels over 24 inches long will admit two of the above knots or pitch pockets if not grouped. Sizes. D AND BETTER, 1 x 3, 1 x 4 and 1x6 inches shall be worked to 13/16 of an inch by 2%,, 2V2, 3^ and 5*4 inches. 1*4 inch Flooring shall be worked to 1-1/16 inches thick and l1^ inch Floor- ing shall be worked to 1-5/16 inches thick, the same width and the same matching as 1-inch stock. (See cuts on pages 44-62.) Lengths. Standard lengths 4 to 20 feet, with not to exceed five per cent of 8-foot or 9-foot lengths in mixed length ship- ments of B and Better, and in addition five per cent of 6-foot or 7-foot in C. D. and No. 1 Common, and in addition five per cent of 4-foot or 5-foot in No. 2 Com- mon; No. 3 Common Flooring 4 to 20 ft. inclusive. (The above percentage is allowed in all shipments of mixed lengths, even though the number of feet of each length be spe- cifically stated.) Grades. A, B, C, D, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common and No. 3 Sheathing (or No. 8 Common Flooring), Flat Grain; and A, B, C, D, and No. 1 Common Edge Grain. 45. Special. Defects named in Floor- ing are based upon a piece manufactured from 1 x 4 — 12 feet, and pieces larger or smaller than this will take a greater or' lesser number of defects, proportioned to their size on this basis, except that stand- ard knots shall not exceed IVi-inches in diameter in 3-inch flooring. 45-A. The amount of crook permissible in No. 1 Common and Better Flooring may be as follows : 16 feet lengths as a basis for 3-inch widths, 3 V^ -inch crook. 16 feet lengths as a basis for 4-inch widths, 3-inch crook. 16 feet lengths as a basis for 6-inch widths, 2 1/2 -inch crook. 46. "A" FLAT FLOORING must be practically free from defects on the j:ace side and well manufactured. 47. "B" FLAT FLOORING will ad- mit any two of the following or their equivalent of combined defects: 5 per cent sap stain, 15 per cent firm red heart, three pin knots, one standard knot, three small pitch pockets, one standard pitch pocket, one standard pitch streak, slight torn grain, small seasoning checks. 48. "C" FLAT FLOORING will ad- mit any two of the following defects or their equivalent of combined defects; 15 per cent of sap stain, 25 per cent of firm red heart, two standard pitch streaks; medium torn grain, or other machine de- fects that will lay without waste; slight shake that does not go through, or sea- soning checks that do not show an open- ing through, two standard pitch pockets, six small pitch pockets, two standard knots or six pin knots, twelve pin worm holes. 49. EDGE GRAIN FLOORING shall take the same inspection as Flat Grain, except as to the angle of the grain. (See Sec. 32.) 50. HEART FACE EDGE GRAIN shall be free from sap on face side. 51. "D" FLAT FLOORING will ad- mit the following defects or their equiva- lent of combined defects: Sound knots not over one-half the cross section of the piece in the rough at any one point throughout its length; three pith knots, pitch, pitch pockets, sap stain, firm red heart, seasoning checks that do not show an opening through, shake that does not go through, a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered, loosened or heavy torn grain, or other machine defects that will lay without waste. Page Fifty-two Pieces otherwise as good as "B" Floor- ing may have one defect (like a knot hole) that can be cut out by wasting 11/2 inches of the length of the piece, pro- vided both pieces are 16 inches or over in length after cutting out such defects. 52. No. 1 COMMON FLOORING is the combined grade of C and D Flooring, and will admit all pieces that will not grade "B," and are better than No. 2 Common. 53. No. 2 COMMON FLOORING admits all pieces that will not grade as good as "D" flooring that can be used for cheap floors without a waste of more than one-fourth the length of any one piece. (See Sec. 25.) 54. No. 3 SHEATHING (OR No. 3 COMMON FLOORING) will admit all pieces that cannot be used as No. 2 Com- mon Flooring, but are still available as cheap sheathing or lathing without a waste of more than one-fourth the length of any one piece. 54- A. Standard Matched Flooring to be surfaced two sides with scored back. 55. CENTER MATCHED FLOOR- ING (Or S. 2 S. and C. M.) shall be re- quired to come up to grade on one side only, and the defects admissible on the reverse side of standard matched shall be allowed. 56. No. 1 COMMON FACTORY FLOORING will admit of sound knots not over one-half the cross-section of the piece at any point throughout the length; pitch pockets, sap stain, shakes that do not go through, firm red heart, seasoning checks which do not show an opening through the piece, wane one-fourth inch deep on the face, a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered, loosened or heavy torn grain or other machine de- fects which will lay without waste, and pith knots which will not cause a leakage of grain. (See Sees. 34 and 122.) CEILING Sizes. Ceiling shall be worked to the following: %-inch Ceiling, 5/16-inch; Vfc- inch Ceiling, 7/16-inch; %-inch Ceiling, 9/16-inch; 3^-inch Ceiling, 11/16-inch; same widths as Flooring. The bead on all Ceiling and Partition shall be depressed 1/32 of an inch below surface line of piece. (For drawings scaled to actual size see page 45.) Lengths. Standard lengths are 4 to 20 feet. Five per cent of 8 or 9 feet is al- lowed in mixed length shipments of B and Better Ceiling, and in addition five per cent of 6 or 7 feet in No. 1 Common, and in addition five per cent of 4 and 5 feet in No. 2 Common. (The above percentage is allowed in all shipments of mixed lengths, even though the number of feet of each length be specif- ically stated.) Grades: A, B, No. 1 and No. 2 Common. 57. Special. Defects named in Ceiling are based upon a piece manufactured from 1 x 4 — 12 feet, and pieces larger or smaller than this will take a greater or less num- ber of defects, proportioned to their size on this basis. 57-A. The amount of crook permissible in No. 1 Common and Better Ceiling may be as follows : 16 feet lengths as a basis for 3-inch widths; 3 Vfc -inch crook. 16 feet lengths as a basis for 4-inch widths. 3-inch crook. 16 feet lengths as a basis for 6-inch widths, 2 1/2 -inch crook. Lengths longer or shorter than 16 feet may have a proportionate amount of crook. 58. "A" CEILING must be practically free from defects on the face side and well manufactured. 59. "B" CEILING will admit of any two of the following defects or their equivalent of combined defects: slight torn grain, three pin knots, one standard knot, three small pitch pockets, one stand- ard pitch pocket, one small pitch streak, small seasoning checks, 15 per cent sap stain, 15 per cent firm red heart, six pin worm holes. 60. No. 1 COMMON CEILING will admit the following defects or their equiv- alent of combined defects: sound knots not over one-half the cross-section of piece in the rough; sap stain, pitch, pitch pockets, firm red heart, slight shake, neavy torn grain, seasoning checks that do not show an opening through; de- fects in manufacture that will lay with- out waste, a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered. Page Fifty-three Han Pieces otherwise as good as "B" Ceil- ing may have one defect (like a knot hole) that can be cut out by wasting IVa inches of the length of the piece, pro- vided both pieces are 16 inches or over in length after cutting out such defects. 61. No. 2 COMMON CEILING ad- mits of all pieces not as good as No. 1 Common that can be used without waste of more than one-fourth the length of any one piece. (See Sec. 25.) WAGON BOTTOMS Sizes. Wagon Bottoms, unless other- wise ordered (see Sec. 28), shall be made in sets of 38 and 42 inches face, and from stock 4 inches or over in width. Standard thickness shall be 13/16 of an inch. Grades: A and B. 62. WAGON BOTTOMS, unless other- wise ordered (see Sec. 28), shall be graded the same as "A" and "B" Flat Flooring. DROP SIDING Sizes. D. and M. (dressed and matched), shall be worked to %x3*4 and 514 inches face, 3!/2 and 5Va inches over all. Worked Shiplap to %x3-inch face, 3!/2 inches over all; %x5-inch face, 5^2 inches over all. Patterns that are not shown on Page 44 of this book are considered special. Lengths. Standard lengths 4 to 20 feet, five per cent of 8 or 9 feet is allowed in mixed length shipments of "B" and Bet- ter Drop Siding, and in addition five per cent of 6 or 7 feet in No. 1 Common, and in addition five per cent of 4 or 5 feet in No. 2 Common. (The above percentage of short lengths is customary t and in the interest of con- servation will be included, so far as prac- ticable, in all shipments of mixed lengths.) Grades: A, B, No. 1 and 2 Common. 63. Special Defects named in Drop Siding are based upon a piece manufac- tured from 1x6 — 12 feet and pieces larger or smaller than this will take a greater or lesser number of defects, proportioned to their size on this basis. 63-A. The amount of crook permissible in No. 1 Common and Better Drop Siding may be as follows : 16 feet lengths as a basis for 4-inch widths, 3-inch crook. 16 feet lengths as a basis for 6-inch widths, 2i/2-inch crook. Lengths longer or shorter than 16 feet may have a proportionate amount of crook. (For Grades of 8-inch and wider Barn Siding see Sees. 76 and 78.) (For size see Sec. 115.) 64. "A" DROP SIDING must be practically free from defects on the face side and well manufactured. 65. "B" DROP SIDING will admit any two of the following defects or their equiv- alent of combined defects: medium torn grain, three pin knots, one standard knot, 15 per cent sap stain, 15 per cent firm red heart, small seasoning checks, six pin worm holes, or any one of the above de- fects combined with one of the following : three small pitch pockets or one small pitch streak. 66. No. 1 COMMON DROP SIDING will admit one standard pitch streak, or one standard pitch pocket, or their equiv- alent, and in addition sound knots not over 1/2 the width of piece in the rough; sap stain, firm red heart, slight shake, heavy torn grain, defects in manufacture that will lay without waste, seasoning checks that dp not show . an opening through, a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered. Pieces otherwise as good as "B" Drop Siding may have one defect (like a knot hole) that can be cut out by wasting iy2 inches of the length of the piece, pro- vided both pieces are 16 inches or over in length after cutting out such defects. 67. No. 2 COMMON DROP SIDING admits of all pieces not as good as No. 1 Common that can be used without waste of more than one-fourth the length of any one piece. BEVEL SIDING Sizes. Bevel Siding shall be made from stock S. 4 S. worked to 13/16 of an inch by 31/2 and 5*4 and resawed on a bevel. Lengths. Standard lengths 4 to 20 feet. Five per cent of 8 or 9 feet is allowed in mixed length shipments of "B" and Bet- ter Bevel Siding, and in addition five per cent of 6 or 7 feet in No. 1 Common, and in addition five per cent of 4 or 5 feet in No. 2 Common. Fifty-four (The above percentage of short lengths is customary, and in the interest of con- servation will be included, so far as prac- ticable, in all shipments of mixed lengths.) Grades: A, B, No. 1 and No. 2 Common. 68. BEVEL SIDING shall be graded according to the rules for Drop Siding, and will admit in addition slight imper- fections on the thin edge, which will be covered by the lap when laid 21/2 and inches to the weather. PARTITION Sizes. Partition shall be worked to 314 and 514 inches. (For drawing scaled to actual size, see page 44.) Lengths. Same percentage of short lengths, allowed as in Ceiling. Grades: A, B, No. 1 and No. 2 Common. 69. PARTITION shall be graded ac- cording to Ceiling rules, and must meet the requirements of the specified grades on the face side only, but the reverse side shall not be more than one grade lower, and shall not cause waste in No. 1 Com- mon and Better. MOULDED CASING AND BASE, WINDOW AND DOOR JAMBS. Sizes of Moulded Casing and Base shall be worked to s^-inch, as per patterns shown in Moulding Section of this Book. (See Section 33.) (For widths of Plain Casing, see Finishing S. 4 S.) Pine WINDOW AND DOOR JAMBS, Dressed, Rabbeted and Plowed as ordered. (See Sec. 33.) Grades: A, B, and C. 70. "A" MOULDED CASING AND BASE must be practically free from de- fects on the face side and well manu- 71. "B" CASING OR BASE shall ad- mit the same defects as are admissible in the same widths of "B" Finishing, except wane. (See Sec. 41.) 72. "C" CASING OR BASE shall ad- mit the same defects as are admissible in the same widths of "C" Finishing, ex- cept wane. (See Sec. 42.) 73. WINDOW AND DOOR JAMBS shall be graded the same as Moulded Cas- ing and Base. (See Sec. 33 for width.) 74. "B" AND BETTER MOULD- ING. One-third of any item may contain any one of the following defects or its equivalent: one pin knot; small pitch pockets; pitch 1 inch wide, 6 inches long; slight sap stain covering six inches of the length of the piece ; three pin worm holes ; slight defects in dressing. (See Sec. 27.) Standard lengths: 8 feet and longer, and in shipments of mixed lengths five per cent of 6 or 7 feet shall be admitted, even though the number of feet of each length be specifically stated. Sizes as per Moulding Section of this Book. COMMON BOARDS, SHIPLAP AND BARN SIDING Sizes of Boards. 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16, 11,4 inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to l-i/8, li/2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1-5/16. These thicknesses also apply to S. 4 S. All 1-inch Common lumber which is or- dered dressed one or two sides, one edge may be dressed to bring the width % inch scant of full width. Widths. Stock width shipments of No. 1 Common Boards, either rough or dressed on one or more sides, shall be accepted as standard where not more than 20% of any shipment is 14 inch scant on 8 inch an'd under ; % inch scant on 9 and 10 inch ; and 1/2 inch scant on 11 and 12 inch and wider; pieces narrower than the above and pieces in excess of 20% of the shipment that are of the minimum measurement above given, should be measured as of the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade. Material when ordered worked two faces to serve two purposes, like Grooved Roof- ing S2S, Shiplap S2S, Center Matched S2S, or one face, worked to a pattern like Barn Siding, shall be inspected from the best face. 1*4 incn and l1/^ mcn Common shall take the same inspection as 1 inch boards. Board 1 x 8, S. 4 S. shall be worked 7V2 inches wide; 1 x 9 — 8.1/2 inches; 1 x 10 — 91/2 inches ; 1 x 11 — 101/2 inches ; 1 x 12 — 1114 inches. Size of No. 1 Common D. & M. and Barn Siding. 8, 10 and 12-inch shall be worked to %x7i/8, 9% and lli/8 inches. D. & M. shall be S. 2 S. and C. M. (See cut, page 47, for standard bead for barn sid- ing.) Shiplap worked to %-inch thick, face same width as D. & M. and Barn Sid- ing. (See cut, page 47.) Page Fifty- five Hand Standard lengths are multiples of two feet, 4 to 24 feet, inclusive, in any manu- facture of Common Boards; in mixed lengths and miscellaneous shipments not more than five per cent of 8 ft. shall be included in No. 1 and No. 2 Common; with an additional five per cent of 4 and 6 feet in shipments of No. 3 and No. 4 Com- mon, except by special agreement. Grades: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 Common. NO. 1 COMMON BOARDS. 75. No. 1 COMMON BOARDS, dressed one or two sides, will admit any number of sound knots, the mean or average diameter of any one knot should not be more than 2 inches in stock 8 inches wide, nor more than 2% inches in stock 10 and 12 inches wide; two pith knots; the equivalent of one split, not to exceed in length the width of the piece; torn grain, pitch, pitch pockets, slight shake, sap stain, seasoning checks, firm red heart; wane 1/2 inch deep on the edge not exceeding 1 inch in width and one-third the length of the piece, or its equivalent; and a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered; or defects equivalent to the above. 76. No. 1 COMMON SHIPLAP OR D. & M. AND BARN SIDING shall be graded by rules governing No. 1 Common Boards, except as to wane, which shall not be so deep as to extend into the tongue or one-half the thickness of the top lip on the groove in D. & M., or over one-half the thickness of the lap in Ship- lap on the face side. (See Sec. 25.) GROOVED ROOFING Sizes of Grooved Roofing. 10 and 12- inch S. 1 S. & 2 E. shall be worked to 13/16 by 91/2 and 11^ inches. Size of Groove to be i/^-inch wide, 1/4- inch deep and located 1-3/16 inches from outer edge of the groove to edge of board. (See cut on page 47.) Standard lengths are multiples of two feet, 4 to 24 feet, inclusive, but lengths shorter than 10 feet shall not be included in miscellaneous or mixed lengths ship- ments except by agreement. 77. GROOVED ROOFING shall be graded by rules governing No. 1 Common Boards, omitting the pith knots, worm holes, splits and seasoning checks that show an opening through. NO. 2 COMMON BOARDS, D. & M., OR SHIPLAP, GROOVED ROOFING AND BARN SIDING Sizes. 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16; 114-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to li/8; li/2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% inches. These thicknesses also apply when S. 4 S. ; Ship- lap, D. & M. and Barn Siding worked to 84-inch thick. Widths of 8-inch and wider No. 2 Com- mon Boards, shall be not more than 1/6 -inch scant whether rough or dressed 2 or 4 sides. Pieces narrower than this should be measured as the next lower standard of width and not reduced in grade. No. 2 COMMON BOARDS. 78. No. 2 COMMON BOARDS, dressed one or two sides; No. 2 Shiplap, Grooved Roofing, D. & M. and Barn Siding will admit knots not necessarily sound; but the mean or average diameter of any- one knot shall not be more than one- third of the cross section if located on the edge, and shall not be more than one-half of the cross section if located away from the edge ; if sound may extend one-half the cross section if located on the edge, except that no knot, the mean or average diameter of which exceeds 4 inches should be admitted; worm holes, splits one-fourth the length of the piece, wane 2 inches wide or through heart shakes, one-half the length of the piece; through rotten streaks % inch wide one- fourth the length of the piece, or its equivalent of unsound red heart, or de- fects equivalent to the above. A knot hole 2 inches in diameter will be admitted, provided the piece is other- wise as good as No. 1 Common. 79. Miscut 1-inch Common Boards which do not fall below ^4-inch in thick- ness shall be admitted in No. 2 Common, provided the grade of such thin stock is otherwise as good as No. 1 Common. No. 3 COMMON BOARDS 80. No. 3 COMMON BOARDS, No. 3 COMMON SHIPLAP, D. & M. AND BARN SIDING is defective lumber, and will admit of coarse knots, knot holes, very wormy pieces, red rot, and other de- Page Fifty-six Pin fects that will not prevent its use as a whole for cheap sheathing, or which will cut 75 per cent of lumber as sound as No. 2 Common. No. 4 COMMON BOARDS 81. No. 4 COMMON BOARDS shall include all pieces that fall below the grade of No. 3 Common, excluding such pieces as will not be held in place by nailing, after wasting one-fourth the length of the piece by cutting into two or three pieces; mill inspection to be final. FENCING 3, 4, 5 AND 6 INCHES WIDE Sizes. 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16 ; 114-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1-1/16; iy2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1-5/16 inches. These thicknesses also apply when S. 4 S. When 4 and 6-inch Fencing is S. 2 S. & C. M., the finished thickness shall be 3,4-inch and inspected under Flooring rules. Widths . On stock widths of 3, 4, 5 and 6-inch No. 1 Common, no piece shall be counted as standard width that is more than 1,4-inch scant in width. Pieces nar- rower than this should be measured as the next lower standard width and not re- duced in grade. Grades: No. 1, No. 2, No. 8 and No. 4 Common. No. 1 FENCING 82. No. 1 FENCING shall admit of the following defects or their equivalent; sound knots, the mean or average diame- ter of any one knot shall not be more than 2 inches in five and six inch stock, nor more than li/£ inches in three and four inch stock ; three pith knots, wane i/2 inch deep on edge, not exceeding 1 inch wide one-third the length of the piece; torn grain, pitch, pitch pockets, sap stain, seasoning checks, slight shake, firm red heart, and a limited number of small worm holes well scattered, and the equiv- alent of one split not to exceed in length the width of the piece. No. 2 FENCING Size. 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16- inch. Widths. In 3, 4, 5 and 6-inch No. 2 Common stock no piece shall be counted as standard width that is more than 1/3- inch scant in width. Such pieces should be measured as the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade. 83. No. 2 FENCING in addition to the defects allowed in No. 1 Common will admit the following defects or their equiv- alent: knots, not necessarily sound, the mean or average diameter of any one knot shall not be more than one-half the cross section if located on the edge, and shall not be more than two-thirds of the cross section if located away from the edge; one split one-fourth the length of the piece; worm holes through rotten streaks, 1/2 inch wide, one-fourth the length of the piece, or the equivalent of unsound red heart; shake or wane, but must not cut to waste. A knot hole, li/s inches in diameter or its equivalent in small hollow knots will be allowed provided the piece is other- wise as good as No. 1 Common. 84. Miscut 1-inch Common Fencing which does not fall below %-inch in thickness shall be admitted in No. 2 Com- mon, provided the grade of such thin stock is otherwise as good as No. 1 Com- mon. No. 3 FENCING 85. No. 3 FENCING is defective lum- ber and will admit of coarse knots, knot holes, very wormy pieces, red rot and other defects that will not prevent its use as a whole for cheap sheathing, or which will cut 75 per cent of lumber as sound as No. 2 Common. No. 4 FENCING 86. No. 4 FENCING shall include all pieces that fall below the grade of No. 3 Common, excluding such pieces as will not be held in place by nailing, after wast- ing one-fourth the length of the piece by cutting into two or three pieces; mill in- spection to be final. DIMENSION AND HEAVY JOIST Sizes. Dimension shall be worked to the following: 2x4 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to 1% x 3% inches; 2 x 6 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%x55/8 inches ; 2x8 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%x7i/2 inches ; 2x10 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%x9i/2 inches; 2x12 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%xlli/2 inches. Dimension S. 4 S. Page Fifty-seven -inch less in thickness and width than .1 S, 1 E. shall be standard, but no ob- jection shall be made to stock finished to the standard size for S. & E. HEAVY JOISTS shall be worked to the following: 2x14, 2i/2 and 3x10, 3x12 and 3x14, S. 1 S. and IE., green, 1,4-inch off side and ^-mch off edge; S. 4 S. 1/4- inch off each face surfaced. Heavy Joists, rough, green, must not be over i/4-inch scant in width or thickness. Dry 2x14 shall be dressed to the stand- ard thickness of 2x12. Lengths. Standard lengths are multi- ples of two feet, 4 to 24 feet, inclusive, but lengths shorter than 10 feet shall not be included in miscellaneous or mixed length shipments, except by agreement. Grades: No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 Common. 87. Inspection of Dimension is a ques- tion of strength and uniformity of size, and whatever reduces its strength in cross-section must be considered a defect to that extent. In computing the area of cross-section occupied by defects the size of the piece in the rough must be con- sidered. 88. No. 1 COMMON DIMENSION AND HEAVY JOISTS will admit sound knots, none of which in 2 x 4s should be larger than two inches in diameter on one or both sides of the piece, and on wider stock which do not occupy more than one- third of the cross section at any point throughout its length, if located at the edge of the piece, or more than one-half of the cross section if located away from the edge ; pith knots, or smaller defective knots which do not weaken the piece more than the knot aforesaid ; will admit of seasoning checks, firm red heart, heart shakes that do not go through ; wane % of an inch deep on edge, one-fourth the width and one- third the length of the piece; pith, sap stain, pitch pockets, splits in ends not exceeding in length the width of the piece, a limited number of small worm holes well scattered ; may contain crook of 1^2 inch in 2 x 4 — 16 feet and Vs inch less in each additional 2 inches in width up to and in- cluding 2 x 12 — 16 feet. Lengths longer or shorter than 16 feet of No. 1 Common Dimension may contain crook in propor- tion to the above, and such other defects as do not prevent its use as substantial structural material. 89. No. 2 COMMON DIMENSION may contain crook of 2 inches in 2 x 4 — 16 feet and V8 inch less in each additional 2 inches in width up to and including 2 x 12 — 16 feet. Lengths longer or shorter than 16 feet may contain crook in proportion to the above, and may have knots not necessarily sound, which do not occupy more than one-half of the cross section at any one point if located at the edge of the piece nor more than two-thirds of the cross section if located away from the edge; smaller, loose, hollow or rotten knots that do not weaken the piece more than the knots aforesaid ; will admit rotten streaks, shake, wane, worm holes, split not to exceed one quarter the length of the piece, and other defects which do not prevent its use without waste. 90. Miscut 2-inch Common stock which does not fall below li/2 inches in thick- ness, or i/8-inch scant in width, from standard size shall be admitted in No. 2 Common, provided such pieces are in all other respects as good as No. 1 Common at point of miscut. 91. No. 3 DIMENSION will include all pieces falling below No. 2 Grade which are sound enough to use for cheap build- ing material by wasting 25 per cent, of each piece of one-third of number of pieces in any item of a shipment, but it must not be more than V^-inch scant of standard finished width nor %-inch scant of standard finished thickness. (See Sec. 27.) ROUGH ARKANSAS SOFT PINE FINISHING. Widths. Stock width shipments of "C" and Better, either rough or dressed on one or two sides, shall be accepted as standard where not more than 20% of any shipment is 14 inch scant on 8 inch and under; % inch scant on 9 and 10 inch; and i/2 inch scant on 11 and 12 inch and wider; pieces narrower than the above, and pieces in excess of 2Q% of the shipment that are of the minimum measurement above given should be measured as of the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade (for width of No. 2 Boards and Fencing, see pages 56 and 57; for width of dimen- sion see Sections 90 and 98.) Page Fifty-eight Lengths. Standard lengths are 8 to 20 feet and in shipments of mixed lengths five per cent, of 8 or 9 feet in grade of "C and Better" shall be admitted. (The above percentage of short lengths is customary, and in the interest of con- servation will be included so far as prac- ticable, in all shipments of mixed lengths.) 92. Finish must be evenly manufac- tured, and shall embrace all sizes from 1 to 2 inches in thickness by 3 inches and over in width. 93. One-inch, 1*4 and l1/^ inch Fin- ishing lumber, unless otherwise ordered, shall measure, when dry, not more than 1/16 inch scant in thickness; on 2-inch it may measure ^-inch scant. 94. Wane, seasoning checks and other defects that will dress put in working standard thickness and widths are admis- sible. 95. Subject to the foregoing provision Rough Finishing shall be graded accord- ing to the specifications applying to Dressed Finishing lumber. 96. All Finishing lumber, ordered rough, if thicker than the count thickness for dry or green stock, may be dressed to such count thickness, and when so dressed shall be considered as rough. When like grade on both faces is required, special con- tract must be made. COMMON BOARDS, FENCING AND DIMENSION 97. ROUGH 1-INCH COMMON BOARDS AND FENCING should not be less than %-inch thick when dry ; 114- inch and li/g-inch scant of count thick- ness. 98. ROUGH 2-INCH COMMON should not be less than 1% inches thick when green, or 1% inches thick when dry. The several widths should not be less than i/fc- inch over the standard dressing width for such stock when dry. 99. ROUGH COMMON DIMENSION of a greater thickness than 2 inches and less than 4 inches shall be subject to special contract as to thickness and width. 100. ROUGH DIMENSION, if thick- er than count thickness for dry or green stock, may be dressed to such count thick- ness, and when so dressed shall be con- sidered as rough stock. Arkansas Soft Pine 101. The defects admissible in Rough Boards, Fencing and Dimension shall be the same as those applying to dressed stock of like kind and grade and such further defects as would disappear in dressing to standard sizes of such ma- terial shall be allowed. ARKANSAS SOFT PINE LATH 102. No. 1 LATH should measure 2 inches in thickness to every five lath, green. The minimum thickness of any one lath shall not be less than 5/16 of an inch, green, and should not be less than 1-7/16 inches in width, green, length 4 feet; 1% inches thickness to every five lath, dry, and should not measure less than 1-5/16 inches in width when dry. Will admit wane i/a-inch deep, one-quarter of an inch on face and 6 inches long ; pin worm holes and one pin knot. Must not be more than !/2-inch short in length. Blue sap stain shall not be considered a defect. 103. No. 2 LATH shall consist of pieces that fall below the grade of No. 1 which are not less than 1*4 inches in width, 14 of an inch thick, when dry, and are npt more than %-inch short in length. Will admit wane, worm holes, knots and other defects that will not prevent their use without waste. BYRKIT LATH Sizes, %x3i/2 and 5*4 inches wide; lengths, 4 feet and upward. 104. STANDARD BYRKIT LATH shall consist of material that will be held firmly in place and support plaster by or- dinary nailing, by npt wasting more than 10 per cent, of any piece and that will pre- sent a full surface with no openings over Va-inch in width and 3 inches in length. The ends of pieces of Byrkit Lath are not expected to meet on studding, and only such quantity shall be counted waste as is necessary to remove a defect. (See cut on page 47.) STANDARD SIZES OF DRESSED LUMBER 105. Finishing shall be dressed to the following sizes : One-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16; 11,4-inch S. 1 or 2 S. to iy8 ; 11,1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. 1% ; 2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% inches. These thicknesses also apply when S. 4 S. Page Fifty -nine Hand Book The Standard Widths of S. 4 S. shall be as follows: 1x4 shall be 3% inches ; 1x5 shall be 4% inches ; 1x6 shall be 5% inches ; 1x7 shall be 6% inches ; 1x8 shall be 71/2 inches ; 1x9 shall be 8i/2 inches ; 1 x 10 shall be 9^ inches; 1 x 11 shall be 10i/2 inches; 1 x 12 shall be 111/2 inches; The foregoing widths shall also apply to stock thicker than 1 inch. 106. Moulded Casing and Base shall be worked to %-inch, as per patterns shown in Moulding Section of this Book. 107. Flooring. The Standard of 1 x 3, 1x4 and 1x6 inches "D and Better" shall be worked to 13/16 x 21,4, 21/2, 3^ and 514 inches; 11,4-inch Flooring shall be worked to 1 1/16 inches thick, i/2-inch Flooring shall be worked to 1 5/16 inches thick, the same width and matching as 1-inch stock. (See cut on page 44.) 108. Drop Siding. D. & M. shall be worked to % x 3*4 and 514 inch face, 3i/2 and 51/3 over all. Worked shiplap % x 3 inch face, 3i/2 over all; 3/4x5 inch face, 51/2 over all. Patterns that are not shown on page 44 of this Book are considered special. 109. Ceiling shall be worked to the fol- lowing : %-inch Ceiling, 5/16-inch ; i/2-inch Ceiling, 7/16-inch ; s/s-inch Ceiling, 9/16-inch ; %-mch Ceiling, 11/16-inch; same widths as Flooring. The standard working of Ceiling shall be beaded center and edge with slight bevel on groove edge. (See cuts on page 62.)* The bead on all Ceiling and Partition shall be depressed 1/32 of an inch below surface line of piece. 110. Partition shall be worked to the following : % x 314 and 6^4 inches, with same standard for location and size of bead as applies to Ceiling. (See Sec. 109.) 112. Window and Door Jambs, Dressed, Rabbeted and Plowed as ordered. (See Sec. 33.) 113. Boards and Fencing. One-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16-inch, also when S. 4S. 114. Barn Siding, D. & M.; 8, 10 and 12 inches, shall be worked to % x 7Vs, 9% and lli/8 inches face; 7%, 9% and 113/8 inches over all. 115. Barn Siding Shiplap, 8 10 and 12 inches shall be worked to % xiy8, 9^ and Hi/8 inch face, with 3/g-inch lap, 3^-inch thick and %-mch long; 7V2, 9i/2 and Iiy2 inches over all. See page 47 for cut. 116. D. & M. Common Boards, 8, 10 and 12 inches shall be worked to the fol- lowing: 34 x 71/8, 9i/8 and lli/8 inches; 73/8, 9% and 11% inches over all and shall be S. 2 S. and C. M. 117. Grooved Roofing, 10 and 12-inch S. 1 S. and 2 E. shall be worked to 13/16 x 91/2 and 1114. (See Sec. 77 for size and location of Groove, and cut on page 47.) 118. Wagon Bottoms, unless otherwise ordered (see Sec. 31) , shall be made in sets 38 and 42 inches face, and from stock 4 inches or over in width. Standard thick- nesses shall be 13/16-inch. 119. Dimension shall be worked to the following : 2x 4 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%x 3% inches ; 2x 6 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to 15/8x 5% inches; 2x 8 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to 15/8x 7V2 inches ; 2x10 S. 1 S. and 1 E to l%x 9i/2 inches ; 2x12 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to 15/8xlli/2 inches; Dimension S. 4 S. i/fc-inch less than standard size S. 1 S. and 1 E. 120. All sizes in Dimension are subject to natural shrinkage when ordered and shipped green. 121. Heavy Joists shall be worked to the following: 2 x 14, 2i/2 and 3 x 10, 12 and 14, S. 1 S. and IE., green, 1,4-inch off side and i/2-inch off edge, S. 4 S. i/4-inch off each face surfaced. Heavy Joists rough, green, should not be over 1,4-ineh scant in width or thickness. 122. Heavy Flooring. For 2 and 2i/2- inch matching the thickness should be % of an inch less than the rough material •Arkansas Soft Pine Producer* also manufacture New England (Boston) "V" Ceiling. See Page 62. 111. Bevel Siding to be made from stock S. 4 S. worked to 13/16 x3i/2 and and resawed on a bevel. Page Sixty when surfaced one side; when S. 2 S. should be 7/16-inch less than count thick- ness or 1/16-inch less than when S. 1 S. The tongue should be %-inch thick and %-inch long. For 3-inch and thicker matching the tongue should be 34-inch thick and %-inch long, and thickness of the stock should be %-inch less than the rough material. The groove in heavy matchings should be 1/16-inch wider than the thickness of the tongue, and 1/16-inch deeper than the length of the tongue. Tongue and groove shall be located one-quarter the thickness of the rough ma- terial from the bottom of the piece. (See cut on page 46.) In 2-inch and thicker material plowed for splines, the grooves should be the same width and depth as is provided for in matching material of the same thickness. (See cut on page 46.) Heavy Shiplap shall be worked to the same thickness as Heavy Flooring. The lap shall be ^-inch long, occupying one- half the finished thickness of the piece. 123. Timbers shall be worked to the fol- lowing : 4x4 and larger S. 1 S. or S. & E. %-inch off each face surfaced; S. 3 S. or S. 4 S. ^4-inch off each face surfaced. 124. All sizes in Timbers are subject to natural shrinkage. Arkansas Soft Pine 125. No. 1 Lath should measure 2 inches in thickness to every five lath, green ; the minimum thickness of any one lath shall not be less than 5/16 of an inch, green, and should not be less than 1 7/16 inches in width, green, length 4 feet; 1% inches thickness to every five lath, dry; and should not measure less than 1 5/16 inches in width, dry. Must not be more than i/2-mch short in length. 126. No. 2 Lath must not be less than 114 inches in width, 14 of an inch thick when dry, and not more than %-inch short in length. 127. Byrkit Lath to be 94 x 3V2 and inches wide; lengths, 4 feet and upward. (See cut on page 47.) PICKETS 128. Square Pickets from li/2-mch stock shall be worked to 1 5/16 x 1 5/16, 3 and 4 feet long, dressed on four sides and pointed, ll/i-inch stock shall be worked to 1 1/16x1 1/16, 3 and 4 feet long, dressed on four sides and pointed. 129. Flat Pickets from 1x3 stock shall be worked to % x 214, 3 and 4 feet long, dressed on four sides and headed. All stock bearing the Arkansas Soft Pine Trade Mark is manufactured and sold exclusively by the following companies: Arkansas Land & Lumber Co., Malvern, Ark. Arkansas Lumber Company, Warren, Ark. Cotton Belt Lumber Company, Bearden, Ark. Crossett Lumber Co., Crossett, Ark. Eagle Lumber Company, Eagle Mills, Ark. Edgar Lumber Company, Wesson, Ark. Freeman-Smith Lumber Co., Millville, Ark. Fordyce Lumber Company, Fordyce, Ark. Gates Lumber Company, Wilmar, Ark. Ozan-Graysonia Lumber Co., Prescott, Ark. Southern Lumber Company, Warren, Ark. Stout Lumber Company, Thornton, Ark. Wisconsin & Arkansas Lbr. Co., Malvern, Ark. Composing the Arkansas Soft Pine Bureau Little Rock, Ark. Page Sixty-one • v.W * $m , i I — 1 1 L >* s • I • I I ' 1 t. » 1 • 1 I i 1 I- • : • I ; 1 1 i i 1 * • r ' 1 • 1 * : i, i. | ! [I. .; , |J Edged Grain (Quarter Sawed) 2X Inch Face Flooring Actual Size New England or Boston "V" Ceiling Actual Size. Sanitary Design 1 Page Sixty-two 4913S9 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY