2553

UC-NRLF

ARKANSAS SOFT PINE HAND BOOK

Hand Book

ARKANSAS SOFT PINE

SATIN-LIKE INTERIOR TRIM

SOFT, WORKABLE COMMON LUMBER

TEXT AND MOULDING DESIGNS Copyright 1919, Arkansas Soft Pine Bureau

GRADING RULES Copyright, Southern Pine Association

Compiled by

Robert H. Brooks, Advertising Little Rock, Ark.

While the Grading Rules included in this book are those of the Southern Pine Association, they are the identical rules upon which Arkansas Soft Pine is graded. Only such of the rules as apply to the Arkansas product are published herein. The same holds true regarding, the Moulding Designs.

ARKANSAS SOFT PINE BUREAU

LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS

Page One

H a n &\ &jbt jK : i . /•"« ^

'

A 73

Aerie. -Forestry. Main Library

HANDBOOK con-

tains a concise but complete description of Arkansas Soft Pine as to species, origin, indi- viduality, physical characteris- tics, proper use and methods for finishing and painting. It also includes the Standard Mould- ing Designs, graphically pre- sented, and complete Grading Rules.

This book is intended to serve the architect as a manual and the lumber dealer as a useful and ready handbook and actuary.

Page Two

A' >f -k 'a', n ir; 'a '>$. : •£. bi'ftl>:P i n e

Characteristic Stand of Arkansas Soft Pine Timber

Page Three

491389

INDEX

Page

Arkansas Soft Pine, how to finish 10

Arkansas Soft Pine, weights of 11

Astragals 39

Aprons 21

Back Band 27, 28

Balusters 40, 41

Band 19

Base 221.34

Battens 18

Bead and Cove Casings 26

Bead Stops 18

Bed 14, 15

Blackboard 40

Board Measure, table of 11

Brick 15

Cap 30 to 32

Casings 22, 26, 27

Casings and Back Bands 27, 28

Chair Rail 20

Corner Beads 20

Cornice , 19

Coves 16

Crown 12 to 14

Door Trim 30 to 32

Drip Cap 25

Extension Jambs 36

Half Rounds 16

Head and Side Casings 30 to 32

Hook Strips 20

Lattice 25

Nosings 18

O Q Casings and Base 29

O O Stops 17

Panel 19

Panel Strips 21, 22

Partition Caps and Shoes 24

Pago

Pew Back Rail , 20

Plate Rail 42

P G Base 29

P G Stops 17

Picture 21

Porch Baluster Stock , 40,41

Porch Rails ..'. 41

Quarter Rounds ,.,. 16

Return Beads , >. . . 16

Rounds ,....".. 16

Screen , 18

Section of Frame for Brick Veneer and

Stucco Building , ,...,, 37

Section of Box Window Frame for Brick

Building ,,,.,.,,.,,,.,,, 38

Section Window Frame for Frame Building. 35

Shelf Cleat , ,,.,,,... 20

Sills , ,,,,,,,,,,, 37

Sill Course »..,,f ,.-,,,, ,,,,,., 35

Sills for Window Frames and Extension

Jambs ,..,..,,..,,,,.,.,,,,,,, 36

Sliding Door Banding ..,...,,,, 39

Stair Rail , 42

Stepping , , 41

Stops , 18

Sprung Cove ..,,,,,., 15

Three Member Base. 33

Threshold , , , 24

Three-quarter Rounds ,.,.,» 16

Wainscoting Caps ,,,....' 20

Window Frames, Sections of , . . , 35

Window Stools 23

Water Table .25, 35

Window and Poor Stops 17

Window Trim , 30 to 32

IINDEX TO GRADING RULES AND GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

Pajr«

Barn Siding 55

Barn Siding— Standard Bead 56

Base , 55

Bevel Siding v 64

Boards, Surfaced , 56

Boards, Rough' 59

Casing 55

Celling 53

Ceiling, Standard Working.., 45

Ceiling, New England or Boston "V" Ceiling,

photograph 62

Close Grain 49

Dimension, Sized 57-58

Dimension, Rough 58

Door Jambs 55

Drop Siding 54

Drop Siding, Standard Patterns. 44

Fencing, Surfaced 57

Fencing, Rough 59

Finishing, Dressed 50

Finishing, Rough 58

Flooring 62

Flooring, Edged Grain (Quarter Sawed),

photograph 62

Flooring — Heavy 60

Flooring, Heavy — Standard Bead 47

Pag*

Flooring, Standard 60

Grain, Defective 49

General Instructions 48

Grooved Roofing 56

Grooved Roofing — Standard Working 47

Joists — Heavy , 68

Knots 48

Lath, Byrkit 69

Lath, Byrklt— Standard Working • .. 59

Lath, Plastering 69

Partition 65

Partition, Standard Working 60

Patterns 45, 46, 47 and 62

Pickets 61

Pitch 48

Miscellaneous 49

Mouldings 55

Sap 49

Shiplap 55

Shlplap, 1 inch 47

Shiplap, Heavy 47

Standard Sizes 59 to 61

Timbers (See Separate Book of Rules).

Wagon Bottoms 64

Wane 49

Window Jambs . . , 65

Page Fottr

*A r k'afi id

ne

HAND BOOK

ON

ARKANSAS SOFT PINE

WHEREIN lies the difference be- tween Arkansas Soft Pine and Georgia Pine?" is one of the most frequent questions regarding this wood. The difference itself is pronounced in every respect. Arkansas Soft Pine is a superior quality of short leaf Yellow Pine known botanically as "Pinus Enchinata." Because of certain individual characteris- tics, namely, its freedom from excessive pitch, its light, soft, lustrous texture and fine grain, this wood has long been in de- mand among builders for certain uses in preference to the more resinous heavy species of other Pines of the South.

So-called "Georgia Pine" on the other hand is of the "Pinus Palustris" branch of the Pine family, more commonly termed long leaf. It grows in all Gulf States from Florida to Texas ; it is a heavy, dense, res- inous wood adapted to uses calling for ex- treme tensile strength, but has not proven uniformly satisfactory for use as interior trim, particularly under white enamel. In the latter case, this has been due to its marked tendency to stain the enamel from underneath — owing to the action of the resinous oil which works out of the wood and through the flat white to the enameled surface, thus causing discoloration.

INDIVIDUAL ADVANTAGES

The advantages of Arkansas Soft Pine, therefore, lie in the merits enumerated above in the first paragraph. These in- dividual physical qualities render it partic- ularly adapted to use as interior trim. It also serves especially well as ceiling, lap. siding, barn boards, shiplap, roofing, sheathing and in all other items of the lower grades. It should be stated also that average stock from the Arkansas Soft Pine log possesses adequate strength for all tresses and loads to be expected in the con- struction of residences as well as that of

rvice Bulletin No. 213

store and apartment buildings of moder- ate size. Stock joists and rafters 2x6, 2x8, 2x10 and 2x12 inches for example will serve with a wide margin of safety when used over spans not to exceed 18 or 20 feet.

In this connection, Government tests conducted by the Forest Service Depart- ment* give the modulous of rupture on short leaf at 7,710 pounds as against 8,630 for long leaf, the crushing strength at 3,560 pounds as against 4,280 pounds and the shearing strength 702 radial and 704 tangential as against 1,060 and 953 pounds respectively for long leaf.

Thus it is evident from the foregoing figures that Arkansas Soft Pine dimension may be safely employed for rafters even in factories or warehouses where the spans are not of extreme length.

For framing material in residential and construction of similar character requir- ing dimension, boards, shiplap, etc., Ar- kansas Soft Pine will be found ultra-satis- factory for the following reasons :

All piece stuff has more than ample strength to carry loads of the class already mentioned. Furthermore, it is a material of great toughness of fiber which cuts readily and yet does not split easily when nailed. Consequently, close fitting, knife joints are possible at all toe nails and miters.

The same inherent, tough, resilient fiber characterizes all common grades of inch lumber. Boards, sheathing, etc., may, therefore, be easily, yet securely nailed with the minimum of effort. Carpenters who have worked in all White Pine en- dorse Arkansas Soft Pine as the nearest approach to that famous wood in softness and "workability." Due to those same characteristics which include in addition, the absence of excessive pitch, the wood takes paint in a thorough-going manner

Page Five

ETb±

and holds it permanently without any subsequent boiling out or oozing of the pitch through the pigment. Properly mixed lead and oil will adhere to Arkansas Soft Pine over indefinite terms and will require renewing only when the paint it- self has yielded to the atmospheric ele- ments.

"* Nearly three-fourths of all woods employed for manufacturing purposes in Arkansas is Short Leaf Pine .... Short Leaf Pine in Arkansas is generally considered of a higher grade than the same species grown in other regions . *. . . It is a favorite material for sash, doors and ceiling and is well liked for flooring . . . Short leaf grows faster than long leaf, particularly during the first thirty or forty years, and the sap wood is thick."

SPLENDID FLOORING-MATERIAL

Arkansas Soft Pine flooring is manufac- tured in approximately ten grades from heart, edge grain down to No. 2 common, flat grain. (See grading rules, pages 52 and 53). Edge grain (quarter sawn), is especially desirable for flooring and admits of no pieces in which the angle of the grain exceeds 45 degrees from vertical to any point. The most satisfactory pattern measures 13/16x3 inch nominal (2^4 inch face) and usually runs 8 feet to 20 feet in length, the greatest percentage being 10 feet to 16 feet. In the finished floor, the longer lengths reduce the number of end joints as compared to hardwood flooring, which in turn must be. accepted as short as 18 inches. With Arkansas Soft Pine, a room of any width from 8 to 18 feet may be laid in one length of flooring, thereby eliminating end joints entirely and sup- plying a completed floor of mirror-like smoothness. The finished floor, when properly scraped and sanded, will take any desired treatment in stains, varnish, gloss or waxed and produces a long wearing floor of attractive appearance. (See form- ulas, page 10.)

t"Inside and outside trim for houses is manufactured from short leaf. (Do not forget that short leaf in Arkansas is of a higher grade than any other.) It is widely used for flooring and is recom- mended both by its aopearance and be- cause of its wearing qualities ; it responds readily to oils, wax and other floor finishes

*Foreet Service Bulletin 106 tForeet Service Bulletin 99

and dressings. — "Plaster lath are products of the short leaf Pine forests. Many of the larger lumber mills of the South, particu- larly in Arkansas . . . advertise their short leaf as a specialty."

AN IDENTIFIED PRODUCT For the purpose of assisting buyers in securing this identical material when they so specify, the manufacturers of Arkansas Soft Pine, composing the Arkansas Soft Pine Bureau, have adopted the registered trade mark appearing on the title page of this book. This emblem is an identification whereby the architect for example may assure himself that his client actually receives the material chosen. The mark itself is in turn a guarantee of reliable material, behind which stand the manufac- turers whose product must adhere to established standards of grade and quality to earn the privilege of identification afforded by the mark.

DEPENDABLE WOOD LATH Before going into details as to interior trim, brief consideration of Arkansas Soft Pine lath will be well worth while.

These lath are very light in weight and color, are strictly uniform in manufacture, may be had %xiy2 inches x 32 inches or 48 inches in length and when employed, will not warp, buckle or twist. They weigh but 500 pounds per thousand in 48 inch lengths and are virtually free from knots, have little or no wane or hard flinty streaks and other common defects. The soft texture and tough fiber, combined with the absence of pitch make them light to handle and easy to nail, without any tendency to split. They are thoroughly dried and can be relied upon to supply a dependable wall backing. Builders who have forsaken wood lath because of having received fuzzy, sappy, hard blue stock, will find in Arkansas Soft Pine lath a material which will more than justify their return to wood. Costing notably less than lath of other material, they supply a plaster backing on which full reliance may be placed.

YOUR QUESTION ANSWERED Why should the Arkansas product be superior to short leaf or other regions? is a natural question. The answer will be f ouHd in the following :

Page Six

*"In Arkansas, in the hilly and moun- tainous regions on both sides of the Ar- kansas River are over 19,000 square miles in extent of short leaf pine which forms a large part of the tree covering of the siliceous, rocky soil and frequently ex- tensive forests on the wide table lands. On the uplands of yellow loam south of the hills (the exact location of the Bureau mills), the tree predominates, especially on the low ridge of gravel and loam." Thus it is established that the Arkansas Short Leaf is virtually a Simon Pure species, for which reason, the Arkansas tree amid salubrious and favorable en- vironment, unaffected by parasite or en- croaching growths of other species, at- tains perfection.

The same report continues regarding short leaf as a whole: "Freer from resin- ous matter, softer, more easily worked . . . the lumber of short leaf pine is often preferred by the cabinet maker and house carpenter. It is principally used for lighter frame work in buildings, for weather boarding, floorings, ceiling. . .

. casings for windows and doors and for frames and sash of all kinds."

"The sapwood is clearly defined, being quite broad and often in very old trees, forms fully one-half the total volume of the trunk. In thirteen trees 100 to 150 years old, the average width of sapwood was found to be about 4 inches, while often in trees over 150 years old, its average width was 3 inches. In the former case, the sapwood estimated 65% to 70% of the volume of the logs. In the latter, 50% to 55%, while in a set of trees 50 to 100 years old, it formed fully 80% of all the wood. The change from sapwood to heart wood begins when the tree is about 25 to 30 years old and is retarded more and more with age, so that in old trees, as many as 80 or even 100 rings are counted in the sapwood while in young and thrifty trees, not more than 30 to 40 occur.

"As in other pines, the butt is 15% to 20% heavier than the top and the wood of the inner 40 to 50 rings excels in weight arid strength the wood of the outer part of old logs."

Referring to the foregoing paragraph, it is from the heavier butt logs that floor- ing stock is cut in order to take advantage of the more dense growth which in the

•Division of Forestry Bulletin No. 13 revised edition.

Arkansas Soft Pine

finished product will stand up under hard wear. Heart face, edge grain, Arkansas Soft Pine flooring is practically indestruct- ible. It is made from the same class of stock as was used for ship decking in the prime days of America's Merchant Ma- rines by the shipbuilders along the South- eastern coast of the United States.

CHARACTER OF FINISH STOCK

It is from the thick, clear sapwood with its fine, lustrous texture and virtual ab- sence of resinous oils that the highest grade of interior finish is manufactured and it is because of the large percentage of this clear material peculiar to South Central Arkansas timber that Arkansas Soft Pine attains its maximum of value, merit and beauty when employed as in- terior trim.

Owing to the physical characteristics already enumerated, combined with well balanced absorbing qualities— due to the absence of pitch — interior trim of this wood will take stains and enamels with thoroughly satisfying results. A wide choice of figure is possible, due to the variety of grain, and by selection, certain patterns of bold or conservative figure can be assembled for the complete finish- ing of individual rooms. Patterns which resemble the more rare and costly woods can be thus chosen and with appropriate color treatment be made to supply a rich woodwork at moderate cost. When stains or enamels are applied, the first coat of stain or lead and oil is absorbed to a proper degree of penetration.

INDIVIDUAL TREATMENT

Contrary to the necessary shellacing or filling of certain pine, which is required to first neutralize the rosin or inherent oily qualities, the stain or flat white coats are applied directly to the raw wood of Ar- kansas Soft Pine first. Thus the stain or white lead is evenly absorbed and a perfectly smooth base upon which to build up the satin-like surface is estab- lished. It is when stains or the flat white must work their way through a priming coat of shellac or fitter that streaky, blotchy results are experienced, to say nothing of raised grain. In using Arkan- sas Soft Pine, however, this contingency is definitely avoided.

Page Seven

PROPER SANDING IMPORTANT A prime pre-requisite is that flat faced finish shall be machine sanded. If the local lumber yard is not equipped with such ap- paratus, the work may be done for a nom- inal charge at any first class planing mill. This method is preferable as it insures a smooth, polished surface on the natural wood and eliminates the liability of scuf- fing as is so often done when the wood is worked on the bench by hand with a steel scraper or block and sand paper. After coming from the machine, the pieces should be wrapped in paper as a precaution against finger-marks and dust and handled with due care until delivery to the job is made.

After installation and when the painter begins his work, the applied finish is, by nature of the wood, tenaciously and thor- oughly embraced by the tough resilient fiber so that it actually becomes an in- tegral part of the wood itself. A fixed surface is thus established and as the wood ages, it likewise hardens and thus provides the base upon which the final treatment retains its luster.

PROPERLY BALANCED ABSORPTION

Any prejudice which may have existed against soft woods as interior trim, has been due in part to the tendency of some of them to over-absorb the varnishes or enamels. While Arkansas Soft Pine is a soft wood, it is not of that cork-like soft- ness which literally "drinks up" oils and varnishes. The tough fiber prevents just that possibility.

Particular emphasis is laid on the merit of this wood as a base for white enamel. The absence of rosin or oil content in- sures against any possibility of staining the white surface from underneath. The close fiber takes the flat white coat with a perfectly uniform absorption, nor is any trouble experienced with raised grain, as the fine texture of the wood has no such tendency. The enameled coats therefore, when finished, are perfectly smooth and the ultimate result equals in every respect that which is obtained on the more costly woods so frequently recommended.

Arkansas Soft Pine Bureau

Page Eight

Arkansas Soft Pine

Typical Figure in Arkansas Soft Pine Interior Trim

Page Nine

Hand Book

How to Finish Arkansas Soft Pine

Arkansas Soft Pine Is an Ideal wood for finishing, owing to Its fine texture and close grain. So pronounced Is this grain that many successful reproductions of oak, mahogany and other effects can be obtained with it. It Is also well adapted to white enamel finishing, as unlike some species of Pine, it absorbs the undercoating and enamel evenly, giving a finish of mirror- like smoothness. Moreover, this wood positively will not discolor the enamel from underneath. For this purpose, it is an unnecessary expenditure of money to use any more costly wood, as white enamel hides the surface over which it is applied. As in the finishing of all woods, best results are secured only by using the right stain, varnish or enamel. When quality materials are selected and carefully applied, the result leaves little to be desired in beauty or permanency.

NATURAL FINISH

INTERIOR TRIM

1 coat of Liquid Wood Filler.

2 coats of Interior Trim Varnish.

Left in gloss, rubbed dull or polished as desired.

FLOORS

8 coats of best Floor Varnish.

EXTERIOR WORK

1 coat of Floor Varnish.

2 coata of Exterior Varnish.

STAINED FINISHES WITH GLOSS VARNISH

Oil Stains are best adapted to Arkansas Soft Pine In the following shades: Light Oak, Dark Oai, Weathered Oak, Cherry, RoKwood. Walnut, Golden Oak, Forest Green, Antique, Mahogany and Dark Mahogany. Following are the specifications:

INTERIOR TRIM

1 coat of Oil Stain.

1 coat of Liquid Wood Filler.

2 coats of Interior Trim Varnish.

Left in gloss, rubbed dull or polished as desired.

FLOORS

1 coat of Oil Stain.

2 or 3 coats of Floor Varnish.

EXTERIOR WORK

1 coat of Oil Stain.

1 coat of Floor Varnish.

2 coats of Exterior Varnish.

DULL VARNISH FINISH

The following specification produces a dull, velvety finish, but applies only to interior trim, as a Dull Varnish should not be used on floors or exterior work. The Weathered Oak Stain i« almost always finished in this way.

INTERIOR TRIM

1 coat of Oil Stain.

1 coat of Liquid Wood Filler.

1 coat of Dull Varnish.

SILVER GRAY EFFECT

The popular Silver Gray effect requires special treatment, differing from the other color effects, and Is best obtained with an Acid Stain. Acid Stains are primarily intended for hard woods and not for soft woods such as Arkansas Pine, but for a Silver Gray Effect on Arkansas Pine there is no better method than the specifications listed below. This specification Ik not suitable for floors or exterior work.

INTERIOR TRIM— DULL VARNISH FINISH

1 coat of Silver Gray Acid Stain. 1 coat of White Paste Filler. 1 coat of Shellac. 1 coat of Dull Varnich.

ENAMEL FINISH

In "enamel finishing particularly it is extremely Important that all knots are given a thin coat of pure white shellac before finishing. Where a dull finish is wanted without the expense of nibbing use an "Egg--ghell" Enamel.

INTERIOR TRIM

1 coat of Pure White Lead mixed with equal parts of Linseed

Oil and Turpentine, with a small amount of Dryer added.

2 coats of Enamel Undercoating. 2 coati of Enamel.

Left In gloss or rubbed dull as desired.

GENERAL DIRECTIONS

PREPARATION OF SURFACE

The surface for a varnish or enamel finish should be cleaned and sandpapered smooth with No. 0 or No. 00 Sandpaper. Touch up any knots or sappy places with pure white Shellac. Machine sanding Is always advised when possible.

Apply evenly with a varnish brush. Allow 24 hours to dry. Turpentine added to Oil Stains gives a lighter shade. Wiping off an Oil Stain with a soft cloth about five minutes after it Is applied also produces a lighter shade, and this is always done with Antique, Weathered Oak and Golden Oak Stains, also for a lighter shade of Forest Green.

Before applying the Silver Gray Acid Stain the wood should first be sponged with cold water and sandpapered when dry. Also sandpapered again when the stain is dry, which is not necessary when using an Oil Stain. Add water to make Silver Gray Acid Stain lighter.

HOW TO APPLY LIQUID WOOD FILLER, SHELLAC, VARNISH AND ENAMEL

Apply evenly with a varnish brush of a size adapted to the work In hand. Allow Shellac and Liquid Wood Filler 24 hours to dry; Floor Varnish and Interior Trim Varnish 48 hours. Allow Exterior Varnish 4 days to dry, as well as the final coat of Interior Trim Varnish when it is to be rubbed or polished. Sandpaper each coat of Liquid Wood Filler, Shellac or Varnish when dry before applying the next coat, with No. 00 or No. 0 Sandpaper.

HOW TO OBTAIN A RUBBED OR POLISHED FINISH

To rub Varnish to a dull finish use a piece of rubbing felt about four inches square dipped alternately in finely pulverized pumice stone and crude oil or pulverized pumice stone and water. For a very dull finish use hair cloth or curled hair, crude oil and a coarse grade of pumice stone. When oil is used, after the gloss is thoroughly removed the work should be wiped off with clean, soft cloths or cotton waste. When water is used, the surface should be washed with water and dried with a chamois skin, then oiled off with linseed or rubbing oil used sparingly on a soft cloth or cotton waste. The water rub method Is the only one suitable for rubbing White Enamel.

For a polished finish carry out the water rub method to the point of oiling off, then rub with rotten stone and oil or rotten stone and water. Where rotten stone and water is used, finally apply a little rotten stone to the palm of the hand, bringing up the high polish by the friction of the hand. After the surface has been polished, oil off In the same manner as described above for the water rub finish.

COVERING CAPACITIES

Liquid Wood Filler and Stains — about 500 square feet p«r gallon; Varnish, Shellac and Enamel — about 600 square feet per gallon.

HOW TO REFINI8H OLD WORK

If in good condition, clean and sandpaper and apply a coat or two of varnish; if in bad condition, or it is desired to stain a different color, remove the varnish with varnish remover and finish as for new wood. The old finish need not be removed where enamel is to be applied, but preliminary touching up of all chipped places with the enamel or paint is desirable before giving the entire surface the first coat.

NOTE — We are indebted to Pratt & Lambert, Inc., the well-known varnish makers for the above specifications and directions. They will be glad to answer any questions regarding the finishing of Arkansas Soft Pine. Address the Advisory Department, Pratt & Lambert, Inc., 75-97 Tonawanda Street, Buffalo, N. Y.

Page Ten

Arkansas S oft Pine

Table of Board Measure

LENGTH IN FEET

Size in

Inches

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

2 x 4 . .

654

8

954

1054

12

1354

1454

16

1754

1853

20

2154

2x6.

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

2 x 8i

1354

16

1853

2150

24

2653

2954

32

3453

3754

40

4253

2 xlO.

1654

20

2353

2653

30

3354

3653

40

43 y3

4654

50

5354

2 x!2.'

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

52

56

60

64

2 x!4.

2354

28

3254

3754

42

4653

5154

56

6054

6554

70

74?4

2 x!6.

2653

32

3754

4254

48

5354

5853

64

6954

7454

80

8554

2%xl2.

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

2956

35

405/6

4653

52%

5854

6456

70

7554

8154

87%

9354

9V rlfi

3354

40

4653

5354

60

6653

7354

80

8654

9354

100

10653

3x6.

15

18

21

24

27

30

33

36

39

42

45

48

3 x si

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

52

56

60

64

3 xioi

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

3 x!2i

30

36

42

48

54

60

66

72

78

84

90

96

3 x!4 i

35

42

49

56

63

• 70

77

84

91

98

105

112

3 xl6i

40

48

56

64

72

80

88

96

104

112

120

128

4x4.

1354

16

1853

2154

24

2653

2954

32

3453

3754

40

4253

4x6.

20

24

28

32

36

40

44

48

52

56

60

64

4 x 8i

2654

32

3754

4254

48

5854

64

6954

7453

80

8554

4 xlO.

3354

40

4653

5354

60

6653

7354

80

8654

9354

100

10653

4 x!2.

40

48

56

64

72

80

88

96

104

112

120

128

4 x!4.

4654

56

6554

7454

84

9354

10234

112

12153 .

13053

140

14954

6x6.

30

36

42

48

54

60

66

72

78

84

90

96

6x8.

40

48

56

64

72

80

88

96

104

112

120

128

6 xlO.

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

160

6 x!2

60

72

84

96

108

120

132

144

156

168

180

192

6 x!4.

70

84

98

112

126

140

154

168

182

196

210

224

6 x!6.

80

96

112

128

144

160

176

192

208

224

240

256

8x8.

5354

64

7454

8554

96

10654

11754

128

13853

14954

160

17054

8 xlO.

6654

80

9354

10653

120

13354

14653

160

17354

18654

200

21354

8 x!2.

80

96

112

128

144

160

176.

192

208

224

240

256

8 x!4.

9354

112

13054

14954

168

18654

20554

224

24253

26154

280

29854

10 xlO.

8354

100

11653

13354

150

16654

18354

200

21653

23354

250

26653

10 x!2.

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

10 x!4.

11654

140

16354

18653

210

23354

25653

280

303h

32653

350

37354

10 x!6.

13354

160

18654

21354

240

26653

29354

320

34653

37353

400

42653

12 x!2.

120

144

168

192

216

240

264

288

312

336

360

384

12 x!4.

140

168

196

224

252

280

308

336

364

392

420

448

12 x!6.

160

192

224

256

288

320

352

384

416

448

480

512

14 x!4.

16354

196

22854

26154

294

32653

35954

392

42453

45754

490

52253

14 x!6.

18654

224

26154

29853

336

37354

41054

448

48553

52253

560

B9754

Average Weights of

Arkansas Soft Pine

When Worked to Standard Size

DRY

'Flooring, !Jx2i4 1,800

Flooring, tfx3% 2,000

Flooring, tfx5% 2,200

Ceiling, 3/8 900

Ceiling, % 1,100

Ceiling, 5/8 1,400

Ceiling, % 1,700

Partition, % 1,800

Siding, from inch stock 1,000

Siding, from U4 inch stock 1,250

Drop Siding, % and Moulded Casing. 1,800

Moulded Base 2,000

Finish, inch S 1 S or S 2 S 2,500

Finish. 1%, 1% and 2 inch, S 1 S or S 2 S 2,700

Finish, 1, 1%, 1% and 2 inch, rough 3,200

*For hollow back flooring deduct 100 IDS.

SHIPPING DRY

Shiplap and D. & M., % 2,200

Grooved Roofing 2,400

Common Boards and Fencing, 1x4, 6, 8, 10 inch,

S 1 S or 2 S to 13/16 2,500

Common Boards, 1x12, S 1 S or 2 S to 13/16. . . 2,600 Common Boards and Fencing, 1x4, 6, 8, 10 inch,

rough 3,300

Common Boards, 1x12, rough 3,400

2x4, 2x6 and 2x8, S 1 S 1 B to 1% 2,500

2x4, 2x6 and 2x8, rough 3,300

2x10 and 2x12, S 1 S 1 E to 1%.. 2,600

2x10 and 2x12, rough 3,300

GREEN

2x14 and 3x12, S1S1E 8,500

2x14 and 3x12, rough 4,200

3x4 and 6x6, S 1 S 1 E 3,500

4x4 and 6x8, rough 4,200

8x8 and over, rough 4,200

Plastering Lath, dry 500

Byrkit Lath, dry 1.860

Page Eleven

Hand Book

CROWN MOULDINGS

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twelve

Arkansas Soft Pin

CROWN MOULDINGS

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirteen

Hand Book

CROWN and BED MOULDINGS

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Fourteen

Arkansas S oft Pin

SPRUNG COVE, BED and BRICK MOULDINGS

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Fifteen

Hand Book

COVES, QUARTER ROUNDS, HALF ROUNDS AND ROUNDS

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Sixteen

Arkansas Soft Pine

WINDOW AND DOOR STOPS

8093

y2 x 254

$2.50

8540

54 x iy8

$1.25

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Seventeen

Hand Book

•TcL

$1.00 $1.00

8563

4 x &

8570

STOPS, NOSINGS and SCREEN MOULDINGS

3560 8561 8562

8571

y* x y8 g^

N*

$1.00 t^Tn ^

$1.00

$1.00

$1.00

$1.75

8124

1H x 2 $3.75

8125

1^ x 2}4 $5.00

8132

ft x ^

$1.00

8139

Xs

SCREEN MOULDINGS

8610

8611

54 x &

$0.80

$0.80

8142

« x 1# $1.75

$1.00

O. G. BATTS

8151

M x 2J4 $2.50

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Eighteen

Arkansas Soft Pine

PANEL, BAND and CORNICE MOULDINGS

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Nineteen

Hand Book

HOOK STRIPS

WAINSCOT CAPS .

CORNER BEAD

SHELF CLEAT

8256

CHAIR RAIL

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty

Arkansas Soft Pine

APRONS

PICTURE MOULDINGS

PANEL STRIPS

8655

A

8656 x 254 $2.50

8667

x 254

$2.50

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE— All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty-one

SQUARE MEMBERS, CASING and BASE

8706

y* x 454

10.00

8394

x 4

15.60

PANEL STRIPS

8660

x 2

$3.00

8657

x 254

$2.50

8424

x 75 $8,00

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty-two

Arkansas Soft Pine

WINDOW STOOLS

8$66

& x 3J4 $3.50

8268

» x 4

$7.85

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty-three

8695 x 3 $7.00

PARTITION CAP and SHOE

8696

x 2

$7.60

THRESHOLD

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

'III •— ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^*^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Page Twenty -four

Arkansas Soft Pine

LATTICE

8280

$0.85

8282

$1.00 $1.40

DRIP CAPS and WATER TABLE

8283

x 1

$3.30

8284 J* x $3.75

8285 * x 2 $4.55

8286

15* x 3

$5.40

8287 * x 3*/2 $6.20

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty-five

CASINGS

8289

x 4% $5.00

8290

x 42 $6.00

8308

x 3

$4.20

8309*

t x 4^

$5.00

*Also 8309^ measuring 24 x 4J4 in. $5.50

8310 x 4

$6.00

8311

x s

$6.00

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount, NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty-six

Arkansas Soft Pine

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty-seven

CASINGS and BACK BANDS

8378

A x 1

$2.36

8309

y4 x 414

$5.CO

8713 * x 1 $2.35

8705

x 4

$5.00

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty -eight

Arkansas Soft Pine

P. G. BASE and O. G. CASING and BASE

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — -All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Twenty-nine

Hand Book

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty

Arkansas Soft Pine

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty-one

Hand Book

CAP TRIM

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty-two

Arkansas Soft Pine

THREE-M EMBER BASE

8420

34 x 254

$2.75

8741

34 x 554 $6.50

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty-three

Hand Book

8426

y4 x 754

$8.00

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty-four

Arkansas Soft Pine

SECTION WINDOW FRAME for FRAME BUILDING

WATER TABLE

SILL COURSE

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty -five

Hand Book

SILLS for WINDOW FRAMES and EXTENSION JAMBS

• EXTENSION JAMBS

8855

* x 4

$5.50

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty -six

Arkansas Soft Pine

SECTION of FRAME for BRICK VENEER and STUCCO BUILDING

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — Ail Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty -seven

Hand Book

SEC ION of BOX WINDOW FRAME for BRICK BUILDING

8441

iy& x 2

$3.75

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty-eight

Arkansas S oft Pine

i «1»M>»*»«*«B

ASTRAGALS

30 cents net each

SLIDING DOOR BANDING

$1.00

$1.75

30 cents net each

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Thirty-nine

Hand Book

BLACKBOARD MOULDINGS

PORCH BALUSTER STOCK

8920

x i

$2.90

8063

4 x j, $1.00

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Arkansas S of t Pine

PORCH and BALUSTER STOCK

STEPPING

O. G. Finished Size same as S 4 S Finish

Add $3.00

to S 2 S

Finish Price

Rolind Edge Finished Size

same as S 4 S Finish

Add $3.00

to S 2 S

Finish Price

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Forty-one

Hand Book

PLATE RAIL

INDEX TO MOULDINGS BY NUMBER

Page No.

12 80OO

12 8OO2

12 8OO3

12 8OO4

12 8OO5

12 8OO6

13 8007

13 8008

13 8OO9

13 .....8O1O

13 8O11

13 8013

13 8013

13 8014

14 8015

14 8010

14 8017

14 8O18

14 8O19

14 8O2O

14 8021

14 8023

16 8O24

15 8O25

15 8O26

16 8O29

ICu 8O3O

15 8O31

15 8O38

15. ., 8O33

15 8O35

15 8036

15 8O37

15 8O38

15 8O42

15 8O46

IS 8O48

16 8051

1« 8054

Size

x 35

Page No.

16 8055

16 8O57

16 8O59

16 8O6O

16 8061

16, 40 8O63

16, 24 8O64

16, 33 8O65

16 8066

16 8066%

16 8O67

16 8075

16 8076

16 8077

16 8O78

16 8079

16 8O8O

17 8O82

17 8O83

17, 38 8084

17, 35 8O85

17 8O86

17 8O89

17 , 8O9O

17 8O91

17 8O93

17 8094

17 8O95

17 8O96

17 8O97

17 8O98

17 8115

17 8116

17 8117

17 8118

17 8119

17 8120

18 8123

18 ... ...8124

Size

Prices quoted are for 100 Lineal Feet of Moulding and are subject to Discount. NOTE — All Mouldings are shown actual size

Page Forty -two

! '"• ' " ' ' '" * ' * * * * *•-

Arkansas Soft Pine

INDEX TO MOULDINGS BY NUMBER— Continued

Page

18...

18....

18....

18. . . .

18....

18....

18....

18....

18. . . .

18. . . .

18....

19....

19....

19....

19 ....

19....

19....

19....

20....

20....

20....

20. ...

21.

21.

No.

.8185 .8131 .8132 .8139 8140 .8141 .8143 .8145 .8146 .815O .8151 .8161 .8167 .8174 .8177 .8178 .8180

Size

.8238 .8242 .8256

.8258 .8263 .8264

21 8365

23 8266

23 8267

23 8268

23 8269

•23 8269%

24 8271

24 8273

24 8274

24 8278

25 8280

25 8281

25 8282

25 8283

25 8284

25 8285

25 8286

25 8287

26 8289

26 829O

20, 26, 28 83O8

26, 28 83O9

26 8310

26 8311

27 , 8341

27 834»

27 8358

27 8359

27 8368

27 8374

28 8378

29 8384

29 8385

29 8386

28, SO. 8387

30 8389

30 8393

22, 30, 31, 37, 38 8394

30 8395

30 8396

22, 30, 32 8397

30 8398

31 8399

31 840O

31 84O1

31, 32 84O8

32 841O

33 8414

33 8415

33 842O

33 8421

33 8422

22, 34 8424

34 8426

33 8427

35 843O

35 8431

35, 37, 38 8432

36 8439

36 844O

37, 38 4 8441

38 8443

88 8444

Page

No.

39 8446

41 8453

41 , 8454

41 , 8455

42 8457

14 8520

16 853O

16 8531

16 8532

16 8535

17. 37 8540

17 8541

17 8542

17 8543

17 8544

18 8560

18 8561

18 8562

18 8563

18 8564

18 857O

18 8571

18 8600

18 861O

18 8611

19 8619

19 8620

19 8621

19 8623

19 8624

20 8626

20 8627

20 8638

20 8629

20 8635

20 8636

23 8638

20 8640

21 8641

21 8643

21 8643

21, 22 8655

21, 22 8656

21, 22 8657

21 8658

21 8659

21, 22 866O

21 8665

21 8667

23 8669

24 8695

24 8696

24 8700

22, 27, 28 8705

27 8706

27 8707

28 8711

28.... ...8713

28 8713

29 8716

32 8721

32 8733

33 8740

33 8741

34 8790

34 8828

34...: , 8829

42 8833

42 8833

35 884O

35 8850

35 8851

36 8855

87 ...8800

37 8863

38 8865

39... 8875

39 8876

39 889O

39 8891

40 89OO

40 89O1

40 89O3

40 89O3

40 893O

40 8921

40 8932

x 2

x 1*

Page Forty-three

Hand Book

:=ra

Arkansas Soft Pine Drop Siding

Adopted at Memphis, Tenn., Jan. 16, 1901 Revised at New Orleans, La., April, 1915

Worked Shiplap

: x 5V4 over all. allow Yy inch for Lap

Worked Tongue

Groove. % x SVi over all 5V4 in Face

O Cj XSTAMDAeD

^c

o-> O

"STANDARD r-1 ~

3 5

1 ' p oo

•STANDARD 5 r

Orders for Stock should conform to above numbers

SB.

Nil

> .

*

> ,,.

^9

X

sft HS5 £15

-hr

-*

,«£!

13 t

O '

Tj-

X

tu _G

O O

E

J&

r'int i HIP/

Forty-four

Arkansas S of t Pine

ifiEL

•

Standard Sizes and Patterns of Arkansas Soft Pine Ceiling

^J-inch Ceiling Shiplapped

^B-inch Ceiling D. &M.

Ceiling

A'

92-1

— >

L h '*•"

3"

'*"' J

8

16 |

i

JriT li-

& r

k3-

,« he

Tfc

i ' 5*2-

^^

5Z.

3£

Jk",

31

j. i- 'V

3'

|^-"

I

•

'16

S

!

P\r~

y-y

5

h

IT;

52

_/' '° M^

- 16

"i _»

n

•-^f

•£

Ceiling

h Ceiling

.52^-

S"

32

li'

\k'

IV 55-

^

32"

lo'

R

J.'

8 •

sr i

Page Forty -five

Hand Book

STANDARD SIZES OF HEAVY FLOORING

tf

el/

s

5"

a

_Z" i&

tr> N

— i«0

N|^

>&j

2x6 FLOORING

GROOVED FOR SPLINES

si1

IF SURFACED ON TWO SIDES

2fi

V|N

Forty-six

Arkansas Soft Pine

STANDARD GROOVE FOR GROOVED ROOFING

M

16

8 INCH, 10 INCH and 12 INCH SHIPLAP (STANDARD)

STANDARD

PATTERN

BYRKIT LATH

STANDARD BEAD FOR 1 INCH BARN SIDING

^

1

tL — i

- JYT-

32 ».' If

r

^

V N

i'-

32'

/Ts1" ^?

jS jp

— •— ^

i

Center bead to be the same if stock is desired worked with a center bead

Page Forty-seven

Hand Book

Grading Rules

for

Arkansas Soft Pine Lumber

General Instructions

ECOGNIZED defects in Arkansas Soft 1\ Pine are knots, knot holes, splits (either from seasoning, ring hearts or rough handling), shake, wane, red heart, pith, rot, rotten streaks, worm holes, pitch, pitch pockets, torn grain, loosened grain, seasoning checks, sap stains, crooks and defects caused by manufacturing.

A crook is a deflection edgewise from a straight line in the length of a piece. The extent of crook shall be determined by drawing a straight line from end to end of the piece on the concave edge, and measur- ing from such line to the edge of piece at the point of greatest deflection.

KNOTS 2. Knots shall be classified as follows :

fPin,

SIZE^ Standard, [Large.

fRound,

FORMAL .,

LSpike.

Sound,

[Pith and Unsound.

3. A PIN KNOT is sound and not over !/2 inch in diameter.

4. A STANDARD KNOT is sound and not over I inches in diameter.

5.

over

6. A ROUND KNOT is oval or circu- lar in form.

7. A SPIKE KNOT is one sawn in a lengthwise direction.

(The mean or average diameter of knots shall be considered in applying and con- struing the rules except in dimension.)

A LARGE KNOT is one any size inches in diameter. ,

8. A SOUND KNOT is one solid across its face, is as hard as the wood it is in ; may be either red or black, and is so fixed by growth or position that it will retain its place in the piece.

9. A LOOSE KNOT is one not held firmly in place by growth or position.

10. A PITH KNOT is a sound knot, with a pith hole not more than ^4 inch in diameter.

11. An ENCASED KNOT is one whose growth rings are not intergrown and homogeneous with the growth rings of the piece it is in. The encasement may be partial or complete, if intergrown partially or so fixed by growth or position that it will retain its place in the piece, it shall be considered a sound knot; if completely intergrown on one face, it is a water-tight knot.

12. An UNSOUND KNOT is one not as hard as the wood it is in.

PITCH

13. PITCH POCKETS are openings between the grain of the wood contain- ing more or less pitch or bark, and shall be classified as small, standard and large pitch pockets.

14. A small pitch pocket is one not over I/Q of an inch wide.

A standard pitch pocket is one not over % of an inch wide, or 3 inches in length.

A large pitch pocket is one over % of an inch wide or over 3 inches in length.

A pitch pocket showing open on both sides of the piece y$ of an inch or more in width, shall be considered the same as a knot hole of equal size.

15. A pitch streak is a well-defined ac- cumulation of pitch at one point in the piece, and when not sufficient to develop

Page Forty-eight

Arkansas Soft Pine

a well-defined streak, or where fiber be- tween grains is not saturated with pitch, it shall not be considered a defect.

A small pitch streak shall be equivalent to not over 1/12 the width and 1/6 of the length of the piece it is in.

A standard pitch streak shall be equiva- lent to not over 1/6 the width and l/$ of the length of the piece it is in.

WANE

16. Wane is bark, or the lack of bark, or a decrease of wood from any cause, on the edge of the piece.

SAP

17. Bright Sap shall not be considered a defect in any of the grades provided for and described in these rules. The re- striction or exclusion of bright sap con- stitutes a special class of material which can only be secured by special contract.

18. Sap stain such as usually occurs in the drying process, or which occurs as a result of shipping lumber green, when so ordered, shall not be considered a defect in any of the grades of Common Lumber.

CLOSE GRAIN

19. "Close Grain." The term "close grain" shall mean an average of not less than six annular rings to the inch.

DEFECTIVE GRAIN

20. Chipped grain consists in a part of the surface being chipped or broken out in small particles below the line of the cut, and, as usually found, should not be classed as torn grain and shall not be con- sidered a defect.

Torn grain consists in a part of the wood being torn out in dressing, and is of four distinct characters — slight, medium, heavy and deep.

Slight torn grain should not exceed 1/32 of an inch in depth, medium torn grain 1/16 of an inch, and heavy torn grain % of an inch. Any torn grain heavier than Vs of an inch shall be termed deep.

Loosened grain consists in a point of one grain being torn loose from the next grain.

MISCELLANEOUS

21. Firm red heart shall not be con- sidered a defect in any of the grades of Common Lumber except as herein spec- ified.

22. Defects in rough stock caused by improper manufacture and drying will re- duce grades, unless they can be removed in dressing such stock to standard size.

23. All stock, except Dimension, shall be inspected en the face side to determine the grade. In stock surfaced one side only, the dressed surface shall be con- sidered the face side. Stock rough or dressed two sides, or common boards cen- ter matched, or shiplapped and S. 2 S., the best side shall be considered the face side, but the reverse side of all such stock should not be more than one grade lower.

24. Imperfect manufacture in dressed stock, such as torn grain, loosened grain, slight skips in dressing, wane, broken knots, mismatched, insufficient tongue or groove on Flooring, Ceiling, Drop Siding, etc., shall be considered defects, and will reduce the grade according as they are slight or serious in the effects on the use of the stock.

25. Pieces of Flooring, Drop Siding or Partition, with 3/16 of an inch or more of tongue, and pieces of Ceiling with */8 of an inch or more of tongue, and pieces of Shiplap with 5/16 inch of lap will be ad- mitted in any grade.

Pieces of Flooring, Drop Siding, Ceil- ing or Partition, having not less than 1/16 of an inch tongue, will be admitted in No. 2 Common.

Pieces of Shiplap having less than 5/16 of an inch and not less than y$ of an inch lap shall be admitted in No. 2 Common.

One-sixteenth of an inch lap admitted in No. 3 Common Shiplap.

26. In all grades of D and Better Flooring, and No. 1 Common and Better Ceiling, Drop Siding, etc., wane on the reverse side, equivalent to one-third the width and one-sixth the length of the piece, provided the wane does not ex- tend into the tongue or groove, is ad- missible.

27. The grade of all regular stock shall be determined by the number, character,

Page Forty -nine

Hand Book

position and location of the defects visible in any piece. The enumerated defects herein described admissible in any grade are intended to be descriptive of the doarsest pieces such grades may contain.

28. Lumber and timber sawed for specific purposes must be inspected with a view to its adaptability for the use in- tended. Material not conforming to standard sizes shown herein and that is intended for agricultural implement com- panies, wagon companies, car manufactur- ing companies, railway companies, etc., shall be governed by special contract and inspection.

29. The standard lengths are multiples of 2 feet, 4 to 24 feet inclusive, for Boards, Fencing, Dimension, Joists and Timbers; multiples of 1 foot, 4 to 20 feet, inclusive, for Finishing, Flooring, Ceiling, Siding, Partition, Casing, Base, Window and Door Jambs— except as hereinafter speci- fied. Longer or shorter lengths than those herein specified are special. Special frac- tional lengths, when ordered, will be count- ed as the next higher standard length.

30. The standard widths for lumber, S. 1 S. or S. 2 S., or rough, excluding Dimension, shall be multiples of 1 inch — 3 inches and up in width.

81. Stock width shipments of No. 1 Common and Better, either rough or dressed on one or two sides, shall be accepted as standard where not more than 20 % of any shipment is *4 inch scant on 8- inch and under ; % inch scant on 9 and 10- inch; 1/2 inch scant on 11 and 12-inch and wider ; pieces narrower than the above, and pieces in excess of 2Q% of the shipment that are of the minimum measurement above given, should be measured as of the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade (for width of No. 2 Boards and Fencing, see pages 56 and 57 ; for width of dimension see Sections 90 and 98.)

32. Arkansas Soft Pine shall be classi- fied as to grain as Edge Grain and Flat Grain.

Edge Grain has been variously desig- nated as rift sawn, vertical grain, quarter sawn, all being commercially synonymous

DRESSED ARKANSAS Sizes. Finishing shall be dressed to the following :

1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16; 1%,-ineh S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% ;

terms. Edge grain stock is especially de- sirable for Flooring and admits no piece in which the angle of the grain exceeds 45 degrees from vertical at any point.

33. All dressed stock shall be measured and sold strip count, viz.: Full size of rough material necessarily used in its manufacture.

All sizes 1 inch or less in thickness shall be counted as 1 inch thick.

34. In standard manufacture of Fac- tory Flooring, Decking, or thick dressed and matched stock, and stock grooved for splines, and for thick Shiplap, the finished width shall be i/^-inch less over all than the count or measured width of the rough material used in manufacture, and the tongue and lap shall be measured to de- termine the finished width, and face meas- ure shall not be standard.

35. "Equivalent" means equal, and in construing and applying these rules, the defects allowed, whether specified or not, are understood to be equivalent in damag- ing effect to those mentioned applying to stock under consideration.

36. No arbitrary rules for the inspec- tion of lumber can be maintained with satisfaction. The variations from any given rule are numerous and suggested by practical common sense, so nothing more definite than the general features of dif- ferent grades should be attempted by rules of inspection.

37. Inspection of lumber is not an exact science and a reasonable variation of opin- ion between inspectors should be recog- nized; therefore, a variation of not more than 5 per cent upon reinspection should not disturb the original inspection.

38. Lumber must be accepted on grade in the form in which it was shipped. Any subsequent change in manufacture or mill work will prohibit an inspection for the adjustment of claims, except with the consent of all parties interested.

39. The foregoing general observations shall apply to and govern the application of the following specifications :

SOFT PINE FINISHING.

iy2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% ;

2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% inches.

These thicknesses also apply when S. 4 S.

Page Fifty

1 x 4 — S. 4 S. shall be 3% inches wide finished ;

1 x 5 — S. 4 S. shall be 4% inches wide;

1 x 6 — shall be 5% inches wide, fin- ished ;

1 x 7 — 6% inches ;

1 x 8 — 71/2 inches ;

1 x 9 — 81/2 inches ;

1 x 10 — 91/2 inches;

1 x 11 — 101/2 inches ;

1 x 12 — 111/2 inches.

The foregoing widths shall also apply to stock thicker than 1 inch.

Width. Stock widths of Finishing, either rough or dressed, on one side or two sides, shall be accepted as standard where not more than 20% of any shipment is 14 inch scant on 8 inch and under; % inch scant on 9 and 10 inch ; and 1/2 inch scant on 11 inch and 12 inch and wider; pieces narrower than the above, and pieces in excess of 20% of the shipment that are of the minimum above given, should be measured as of the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade.

Lengths. Standard lengths are 8 to 20 feet and in shipments of mixed lengths, five per cent of 8 or 9-foot in grade of C and Better shall be admitted.

(The above percentage of short lengths is customary, and in the interest of con- servation will be included, so far as prac- ticable, in all shipments of mixed lengths.)

Grades: A, B and C.

Arkansas S oft Pine

40. "A" FINISHING, inch, and 2-inch, dressed one or two sides, up to and including 12 inches in width, must show one face practically clear of all de- fects ; except that it may have such wane as would dress off if surfaced four sides.

13-inch and wider "A" Finishing will admit two small defects or their equivalent.

41. "B" FINISHING, inch, 11/4, and 2-inch, dressed one or two sides, up to and including 10 inches in width, in addition to the equivalent of one split in end which should not exceed in length the width of the piece, will admit any two of the following or their equivalent of com- bined defects: slight torn grain, three pin knots, one standard knot, three small pitch pockets, one standard pitch pocket, one standard pitch streak, five per cent of sap stain, or firm red heart; wane not to

exceed 1 inch in width, i/4-inch in depth and 1/6 the length of the piece; small seasoning checks.

11-inch and wider "B" Finishing will admit three of the above defects or their equivalent, but sap stain or firm red heart shall not exceed 10 per cent.

42. "C" FINISHING, up to and includ- ing 10-inch in width will admit, in addi- tion to the equivalent of one split in end which should not exceed in length the width of the piece, any two of the follow- ing, or their equivalent or combined de- fects: 25 per cent of sap stain, 25 per cent firm red heart, two standard pitch streaks, medium torn grain in three places in one piece, slight shake, seasoning checks that do not show an opening through, two standard pitch pockets, six small pitch pockets, two standard knots, six pin knots, wane 1 inch in width, 14 inch in depth and ^ the length of the piece. Defective dressing or slight skips in dressing will also be allowed that do not prevent its use as finish without waste.

11 and 12-inch "C" Finishing will ad- mit one additional defect or its equivalent. Pieces wider than 12 inches will admit two additional defects to those admitted in 10- inch or their equivalent, except sap stain, which shall not be increased.

Pieces otherwise as good as "B" will admit of twenty pin worm holes.

43. Special. In case Jboth sides are de- sired A, B or C grade, or free from all defects, special contract must be made. Defective dressing or slight skips in dressing, on the reverse side of Finishing, are admissible. (See Sections 23. 24 and 35.)

PANEL SHOP

44. PANEL SHOP is 10 inches and 12 inches wide, all lengths from 8 to 20 feet or longer. It must be practically free from pitch streaks, but may contain any kind of defects that can be removed by cross-cutting the board: such defects must be limited in number and location so that cross-cutting to remove them will not consume more than one-quarter of the length of the piece, and the residue of the piece shall be suitable for Nos. 1 and 2 Panel, and all lengths 18 inches and

urnnrTiiTTrn^T i i i

Page Fifty-one

Hand Book

longer, but such residue shall not be con- sidered to be of any special stock length, but will represent the balance of the board after the defects as above named have been removed.

No. 1 Panels must be practically free from defects on both sides and well man- ufactured.

No. 2 Panels up to 24 inches long will admit any one of the following defects, which may show on both sides: One small sound knot not to exceed ^4-inch in diameter; one small pitch streak; one small pitch pocket, the equivalent of V8- inch wide and 1/16 of an inch deep ; slight sap stain, slight defect in manufacture. Panels over 24 inches long will admit two of the above knots or pitch pockets if not grouped.

Sizes. D AND BETTER, 1 x 3, 1 x 4 and 1x6 inches shall be worked to 13/16 of an inch by 2%,, 2V2, 3^ and 5*4 inches.

1*4 inch Flooring shall be worked to 1-1/16 inches thick and l1^ inch Floor- ing shall be worked to 1-5/16 inches thick, the same width and the same matching as 1-inch stock. (See cuts on pages 44-62.)

Lengths. Standard lengths 4 to 20 feet, with not to exceed five per cent of 8-foot or 9-foot lengths in mixed length ship- ments of B and Better, and in addition five per cent of 6-foot or 7-foot in C. D. and No. 1 Common, and in addition five per cent of 4-foot or 5-foot in No. 2 Com- mon; No. 3 Common Flooring 4 to 20 ft. inclusive.

(The above percentage is allowed in all shipments of mixed lengths, even though the number of feet of each length be spe- cifically stated.)

Grades. A, B, C, D, No. 1 Common, No. 2 Common and No. 3 Sheathing (or No. 8 Common Flooring), Flat Grain; and A, B, C, D, and No. 1 Common Edge Grain.

45. Special. Defects named in Floor- ing are based upon a piece manufactured from 1 x 4 — 12 feet, and pieces larger or smaller than this will take a greater or' lesser number of defects, proportioned to their size on this basis, except that stand- ard knots shall not exceed IVi-inches in diameter in 3-inch flooring.

45-A. The amount of crook permissible in No. 1 Common and Better Flooring may be as follows :

16 feet lengths as a basis for 3-inch widths, 3 V^ -inch crook.

16 feet lengths as a basis for 4-inch widths, 3-inch crook.

16 feet lengths as a basis for 6-inch widths, 2 1/2 -inch crook.

46. "A" FLAT FLOORING must be practically free from defects on the j:ace side and well manufactured.

47. "B" FLAT FLOORING will ad- mit any two of the following or their equivalent of combined defects: 5 per cent sap stain, 15 per cent firm red heart, three pin knots, one standard knot, three small pitch pockets, one standard pitch pocket, one standard pitch streak, slight torn grain, small seasoning checks.

48. "C" FLAT FLOORING will ad- mit any two of the following defects or their equivalent of combined defects; 15 per cent of sap stain, 25 per cent of firm red heart, two standard pitch streaks; medium torn grain, or other machine de- fects that will lay without waste; slight shake that does not go through, or sea- soning checks that do not show an open- ing through, two standard pitch pockets, six small pitch pockets, two standard knots or six pin knots, twelve pin worm holes.

49. EDGE GRAIN FLOORING shall take the same inspection as Flat Grain, except as to the angle of the grain. (See Sec. 32.)

50. HEART FACE EDGE GRAIN shall be free from sap on face side.

51. "D" FLAT FLOORING will ad- mit the following defects or their equiva- lent of combined defects: Sound knots not over one-half the cross section of the piece in the rough at any one point throughout its length; three pith knots, pitch, pitch pockets, sap stain, firm red heart, seasoning checks that do not show an opening through, shake that does not go through, a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered, loosened or heavy torn grain, or other machine defects that will lay without waste.

Page Fifty-two

Pieces otherwise as good as "B" Floor- ing may have one defect (like a knot hole) that can be cut out by wasting 11/2 inches of the length of the piece, pro- vided both pieces are 16 inches or over in length after cutting out such defects.

52. No. 1 COMMON FLOORING is the combined grade of C and D Flooring, and will admit all pieces that will not grade "B," and are better than No. 2 Common.

53. No. 2 COMMON FLOORING admits all pieces that will not grade as good as "D" flooring that can be used for cheap floors without a waste of more than one-fourth the length of any one piece. (See Sec. 25.)

54. No. 3 SHEATHING (OR No. 3 COMMON FLOORING) will admit all pieces that cannot be used as No. 2 Com- mon Flooring, but are still available as cheap sheathing or lathing without a waste of more than one-fourth the length of any one piece.

54- A. Standard Matched Flooring to be surfaced two sides with scored back.

55. CENTER MATCHED FLOOR- ING (Or S. 2 S. and C. M.) shall be re- quired to come up to grade on one side only, and the defects admissible on the reverse side of standard matched shall be allowed.

56. No. 1 COMMON FACTORY FLOORING will admit of sound knots not over one-half the cross-section of the piece at any point throughout the length; pitch pockets, sap stain, shakes that do not go through, firm red heart, seasoning checks which do not show an opening through the piece, wane one-fourth inch deep on the face, a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered, loosened or heavy torn grain or other machine de- fects which will lay without waste, and pith knots which will not cause a leakage of grain. (See Sees. 34 and 122.)

CEILING

Sizes. Ceiling shall be worked to the following: %-inch Ceiling, 5/16-inch; Vfc- inch Ceiling, 7/16-inch; %-inch Ceiling, 9/16-inch; 3^-inch Ceiling, 11/16-inch; same widths as Flooring. The bead on all Ceiling and Partition shall be depressed 1/32 of an inch below surface line of

piece. (For drawings scaled to actual size see page 45.)

Lengths. Standard lengths are 4 to 20 feet. Five per cent of 8 or 9 feet is al- lowed in mixed length shipments of B and Better Ceiling, and in addition five per cent of 6 or 7 feet in No. 1 Common, and in addition five per cent of 4 and 5 feet in No. 2 Common.

(The above percentage is allowed in all shipments of mixed lengths, even though the number of feet of each length be specif- ically stated.)

Grades: A, B, No. 1 and No. 2 Common.

57. Special. Defects named in Ceiling are based upon a piece manufactured from 1 x 4 — 12 feet, and pieces larger or smaller than this will take a greater or less num- ber of defects, proportioned to their size on this basis.

57-A. The amount of crook permissible in No. 1 Common and Better Ceiling may be as follows :

16 feet lengths as a basis for 3-inch widths; 3 Vfc -inch crook.

16 feet lengths as a basis for 4-inch widths. 3-inch crook.

16 feet lengths as a basis for 6-inch widths, 2 1/2 -inch crook.

Lengths longer or shorter than 16 feet may have a proportionate amount of crook.

58. "A" CEILING must be practically free from defects on the face side and well manufactured.

59. "B" CEILING will admit of any two of the following defects or their equivalent of combined defects: slight torn grain, three pin knots, one standard knot, three small pitch pockets, one stand- ard pitch pocket, one small pitch streak, small seasoning checks, 15 per cent sap stain, 15 per cent firm red heart, six pin worm holes.

60. No. 1 COMMON CEILING will admit the following defects or their equiv- alent of combined defects: sound knots not over one-half the cross-section of piece in the rough; sap stain, pitch, pitch pockets, firm red heart, slight shake, neavy torn grain, seasoning checks that do not show an opening through; de- fects in manufacture that will lay with- out waste, a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered.

Page Fifty-three

Han

Pieces otherwise as good as "B" Ceil- ing may have one defect (like a knot hole) that can be cut out by wasting IVa inches of the length of the piece, pro- vided both pieces are 16 inches or over in length after cutting out such defects.

61. No. 2 COMMON CEILING ad- mits of all pieces not as good as No. 1 Common that can be used without waste of more than one-fourth the length of any one piece. (See Sec. 25.)

WAGON BOTTOMS

Sizes. Wagon Bottoms, unless other- wise ordered (see Sec. 28), shall be made in sets of 38 and 42 inches face, and from stock 4 inches or over in width. Standard thickness shall be 13/16 of an inch.

Grades: A and B.

62. WAGON BOTTOMS, unless other- wise ordered (see Sec. 28), shall be graded the same as "A" and "B" Flat Flooring.

DROP SIDING

Sizes. D. and M. (dressed and matched), shall be worked to %x3*4 and 514 inches face, 3!/2 and 5Va inches over all. Worked Shiplap to %x3-inch face, 3!/2 inches over all; %x5-inch face, 5^2 inches over all.

Patterns that are not shown on Page 44 of this book are considered special.

Lengths. Standard lengths 4 to 20 feet, five per cent of 8 or 9 feet is allowed in mixed length shipments of "B" and Bet- ter Drop Siding, and in addition five per cent of 6 or 7 feet in No. 1 Common, and in addition five per cent of 4 or 5 feet in No. 2 Common.

(The above percentage of short lengths is customary t and in the interest of con- servation will be included, so far as prac- ticable, in all shipments of mixed lengths.)

Grades: A, B, No. 1 and 2 Common.

63. Special Defects named in Drop Siding are based upon a piece manufac- tured from 1x6 — 12 feet and pieces larger or smaller than this will take a greater or lesser number of defects, proportioned to their size on this basis.

63-A. The amount of crook permissible in No. 1 Common and Better Drop Siding may be as follows :

16 feet lengths as a basis for 4-inch widths, 3-inch crook.

16 feet lengths as a basis for 6-inch widths, 2i/2-inch crook.

Lengths longer or shorter than 16 feet may have a proportionate amount of crook.

(For Grades of 8-inch and wider Barn Siding see Sees. 76 and 78.) (For size see Sec. 115.)

64. "A" DROP SIDING must be practically free from defects on the face side and well manufactured.

65. "B" DROP SIDING will admit any two of the following defects or their equiv- alent of combined defects: medium torn grain, three pin knots, one standard knot, 15 per cent sap stain, 15 per cent firm red heart, small seasoning checks, six pin worm holes, or any one of the above de- fects combined with one of the following : three small pitch pockets or one small pitch streak.

66. No. 1 COMMON DROP SIDING will admit one standard pitch streak, or one standard pitch pocket, or their equiv- alent, and in addition sound knots not over 1/2 the width of piece in the rough; sap stain, firm red heart, slight shake, heavy torn grain, defects in manufacture that will lay without waste, seasoning checks that dp not show . an opening through, a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered.

Pieces otherwise as good as "B" Drop Siding may have one defect (like a knot hole) that can be cut out by wasting iy2 inches of the length of the piece, pro- vided both pieces are 16 inches or over in length after cutting out such defects.

67. No. 2 COMMON DROP SIDING admits of all pieces not as good as No. 1 Common that can be used without waste of more than one-fourth the length of any one piece.

BEVEL SIDING

Sizes. Bevel Siding shall be made from stock S. 4 S. worked to 13/16 of an inch by 31/2 and 5*4 and resawed on a bevel.

Lengths. Standard lengths 4 to 20 feet. Five per cent of 8 or 9 feet is allowed in mixed length shipments of "B" and Bet- ter Bevel Siding, and in addition five per cent of 6 or 7 feet in No. 1 Common, and in addition five per cent of 4 or 5 feet in No. 2 Common.

Fifty-four

(The above percentage of short lengths is customary, and in the interest of con- servation will be included, so far as prac- ticable, in all shipments of mixed lengths.)

Grades: A, B, No. 1 and No. 2 Common.

68. BEVEL SIDING shall be graded according to the rules for Drop Siding, and will admit in addition slight imper- fections on the thin edge, which will be covered by the lap when laid 21/2 and inches to the weather.

PARTITION

Sizes. Partition shall be worked to 314 and 514 inches. (For drawing scaled to actual size, see page 44.)

Lengths. Same percentage of short lengths, allowed as in Ceiling.

Grades: A, B, No. 1 and No. 2 Common.

69. PARTITION shall be graded ac- cording to Ceiling rules, and must meet the requirements of the specified grades on the face side only, but the reverse side shall not be more than one grade lower, and shall not cause waste in No. 1 Com- mon and Better.

MOULDED CASING AND BASE,

WINDOW AND DOOR JAMBS. Sizes of Moulded Casing and Base shall be worked to s^-inch, as per patterns shown in Moulding Section of this Book. (See Section 33.) (For widths of Plain Casing, see Finishing S. 4 S.)

Pine

WINDOW AND DOOR JAMBS, Dressed, Rabbeted and Plowed as ordered. (See Sec. 33.)

Grades: A, B, and C.

70. "A" MOULDED CASING AND BASE must be practically free from de- fects on the face side and well manu-

71. "B" CASING OR BASE shall ad- mit the same defects as are admissible in the same widths of "B" Finishing, except wane. (See Sec. 41.)

72. "C" CASING OR BASE shall ad- mit the same defects as are admissible in the same widths of "C" Finishing, ex- cept wane. (See Sec. 42.)

73. WINDOW AND DOOR JAMBS shall be graded the same as Moulded Cas- ing and Base. (See Sec. 33 for width.)

74. "B" AND BETTER MOULD- ING. One-third of any item may contain any one of the following defects or its equivalent: one pin knot; small pitch pockets; pitch 1 inch wide, 6 inches long; slight sap stain covering six inches of the length of the piece ; three pin worm holes ; slight defects in dressing. (See Sec. 27.) Standard lengths: 8 feet and longer, and in shipments of mixed lengths five per cent of 6 or 7 feet shall be admitted, even though the number of feet of each length be specifically stated.

Sizes as per Moulding Section of this Book.

COMMON BOARDS, SHIPLAP AND BARN SIDING

Sizes of Boards. 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16, 11,4 inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to l-i/8, li/2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1-5/16. These thicknesses also apply to S. 4 S.

All 1-inch Common lumber which is or- dered dressed one or two sides, one edge may be dressed to bring the width % inch scant of full width.

Widths. Stock width shipments of No. 1 Common Boards, either rough or dressed on one or more sides, shall be accepted as standard where not more than 20% of any shipment is 14 inch scant on 8 inch an'd under ; % inch scant on 9 and 10 inch ; and 1/2 inch scant on 11 and 12 inch and wider; pieces narrower than the above and pieces in excess of 20% of the shipment that are of the minimum measurement above given, should be measured as of the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade.

Material when ordered worked two faces to serve two purposes, like Grooved Roof- ing S2S, Shiplap S2S, Center Matched S2S, or one face, worked to a pattern like Barn Siding, shall be inspected from the best face. 1*4 incn and l1/^ mcn Common shall take the same inspection as 1 inch boards.

Board 1 x 8, S. 4 S. shall be worked 7V2 inches wide; 1 x 9 — 8.1/2 inches; 1 x 10 — 91/2 inches ; 1 x 11 — 101/2 inches ; 1 x 12 — 1114 inches.

Size of No. 1 Common D. & M. and Barn Siding. 8, 10 and 12-inch shall be worked to %x7i/8, 9% and lli/8 inches. D. & M. shall be S. 2 S. and C. M. (See cut, page 47, for standard bead for barn sid- ing.) Shiplap worked to %-inch thick, face same width as D. & M. and Barn Sid- ing. (See cut, page 47.)

Page Fifty- five

Hand

Standard lengths are multiples of two feet, 4 to 24 feet, inclusive, in any manu- facture of Common Boards; in mixed lengths and miscellaneous shipments not more than five per cent of 8 ft. shall be included in No. 1 and No. 2 Common; with an additional five per cent of 4 and 6 feet in shipments of No. 3 and No. 4 Com- mon, except by special agreement.

Grades: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 Common.

NO. 1 COMMON BOARDS.

75. No. 1 COMMON BOARDS, dressed one or two sides, will admit any number of sound knots, the mean or average diameter of any one knot should not be more than 2 inches in stock 8 inches wide, nor more than 2% inches in stock 10 and 12 inches wide; two pith knots; the equivalent of one split, not to exceed in length the width of the piece; torn grain, pitch, pitch pockets, slight shake, sap stain, seasoning checks, firm red heart; wane 1/2 inch deep on the edge not exceeding 1 inch in width and one-third the length of the piece, or its equivalent; and a limited number of pin worm holes well scattered; or defects equivalent to the above.

76. No. 1 COMMON SHIPLAP OR D. & M. AND BARN SIDING shall be graded by rules governing No. 1 Common Boards, except as to wane, which shall not be so deep as to extend into the tongue or one-half the thickness of the top lip on the groove in D. & M., or over one-half the thickness of the lap in Ship- lap on the face side. (See Sec. 25.)

GROOVED ROOFING Sizes of Grooved Roofing. 10 and 12- inch S. 1 S. & 2 E. shall be worked to 13/16 by 91/2 and 11^ inches.

Size of Groove to be i/^-inch wide, 1/4- inch deep and located 1-3/16 inches from outer edge of the groove to edge of board. (See cut on page 47.)

Standard lengths are multiples of two feet, 4 to 24 feet, inclusive, but lengths shorter than 10 feet shall not be included in miscellaneous or mixed lengths ship- ments except by agreement.

77. GROOVED ROOFING shall be graded by rules governing No. 1 Common Boards, omitting the pith knots, worm

holes, splits and seasoning checks that show an opening through.

NO. 2 COMMON BOARDS, D. & M., OR

SHIPLAP, GROOVED ROOFING

AND BARN SIDING

Sizes. 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16; 114-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to li/8; li/2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% inches. These thicknesses also apply when S. 4 S. ; Ship- lap, D. & M. and Barn Siding worked to 84-inch thick.

Widths of 8-inch and wider No. 2 Com- mon Boards, shall be not more than 1/6 -inch scant whether rough or dressed 2 or 4 sides. Pieces narrower than this should be measured as the next lower standard of width and not reduced in grade.

No. 2 COMMON BOARDS.

78. No. 2 COMMON BOARDS, dressed one or two sides; No. 2 Shiplap, Grooved Roofing, D. & M. and Barn Siding will admit knots not necessarily sound; but the mean or average diameter of any- one knot shall not be more than one- third of the cross section if located on the edge, and shall not be more than one-half of the cross section if located away from the edge ; if sound may extend one-half the cross section if located on the edge, except that no knot, the mean or average diameter of which exceeds 4 inches should be admitted; worm holes, splits one-fourth the length of the piece, wane 2 inches wide or through heart shakes, one-half the length of the piece; through rotten streaks % inch wide one- fourth the length of the piece, or its equivalent of unsound red heart, or de- fects equivalent to the above.

A knot hole 2 inches in diameter will be admitted, provided the piece is other- wise as good as No. 1 Common.

79. Miscut 1-inch Common Boards which do not fall below ^4-inch in thick- ness shall be admitted in No. 2 Common, provided the grade of such thin stock is otherwise as good as No. 1 Common.

No. 3 COMMON BOARDS

80. No. 3 COMMON BOARDS, No. 3 COMMON SHIPLAP, D. & M. AND BARN SIDING is defective lumber, and will admit of coarse knots, knot holes, very wormy pieces, red rot, and other de-

Page Fifty-six

Pin

fects that will not prevent its use as a whole for cheap sheathing, or which will cut 75 per cent of lumber as sound as No. 2 Common.

No. 4 COMMON BOARDS

81. No. 4 COMMON BOARDS shall include all pieces that fall below the grade of No. 3 Common, excluding such pieces as will not be held in place by nailing, after wasting one-fourth the length of the piece by cutting into two or three pieces; mill inspection to be final.

FENCING 3, 4, 5 AND 6 INCHES WIDE

Sizes. 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16 ; 114-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1-1/16; iy2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1-5/16 inches. These thicknesses also apply when S. 4 S.

When 4 and 6-inch Fencing is S. 2 S. & C. M., the finished thickness shall be 3,4-inch and inspected under Flooring rules.

Widths . On stock widths of 3, 4, 5 and 6-inch No. 1 Common, no piece shall be counted as standard width that is more than 1,4-inch scant in width. Pieces nar- rower than this should be measured as the next lower standard width and not re- duced in grade.

Grades: No. 1, No. 2, No. 8 and No. 4 Common.

No. 1 FENCING

82. No. 1 FENCING shall admit of the following defects or their equivalent; sound knots, the mean or average diame- ter of any one knot shall not be more than 2 inches in five and six inch stock, nor more than li/£ inches in three and four inch stock ; three pith knots, wane i/2 inch deep on edge, not exceeding 1 inch wide one-third the length of the piece; torn grain, pitch, pitch pockets, sap stain, seasoning checks, slight shake, firm red heart, and a limited number of small worm holes well scattered, and the equiv- alent of one split not to exceed in length the width of the piece.

No. 2 FENCING

Size. 1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16- inch.

Widths. In 3, 4, 5 and 6-inch No. 2 Common stock no piece shall be counted

as standard width that is more than 1/3- inch scant in width. Such pieces should be measured as the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade.

83. No. 2 FENCING in addition to the defects allowed in No. 1 Common will admit the following defects or their equiv- alent: knots, not necessarily sound, the mean or average diameter of any one knot shall not be more than one-half the cross section if located on the edge, and shall not be more than two-thirds of the cross section if located away from the edge; one split one-fourth the length of the piece; worm holes through rotten streaks, 1/2 inch wide, one-fourth the length of the piece, or the equivalent of unsound red heart; shake or wane, but must not cut to waste.

A knot hole, li/s inches in diameter or its equivalent in small hollow knots will be allowed provided the piece is other- wise as good as No. 1 Common.

84. Miscut 1-inch Common Fencing which does not fall below %-inch in thickness shall be admitted in No. 2 Com- mon, provided the grade of such thin stock is otherwise as good as No. 1 Com- mon.

No. 3 FENCING

85. No. 3 FENCING is defective lum- ber and will admit of coarse knots, knot holes, very wormy pieces, red rot and other defects that will not prevent its use as a whole for cheap sheathing, or which will cut 75 per cent of lumber as sound as No. 2 Common.

No. 4 FENCING

86. No. 4 FENCING shall include all pieces that fall below the grade of No. 3 Common, excluding such pieces as will not be held in place by nailing, after wast- ing one-fourth the length of the piece by cutting into two or three pieces; mill in- spection to be final.

DIMENSION AND HEAVY JOIST Sizes. Dimension shall be worked to the following: 2x4 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to 1% x 3% inches; 2 x 6 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%x55/8 inches ; 2x8 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%x7i/2 inches ; 2x10 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%x9i/2 inches; 2x12 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%xlli/2 inches. Dimension S. 4 S.

Page Fifty-seven

-inch less in thickness and width than .1 S, 1 E. shall be standard, but no ob- jection shall be made to stock finished to the standard size for S. & E.

HEAVY JOISTS shall be worked to the following: 2x14, 2i/2 and 3x10, 3x12 and 3x14, S. 1 S. and IE., green, 1,4-inch off side and ^-mch off edge; S. 4 S. 1/4- inch off each face surfaced. Heavy Joists, rough, green, must not be over i/4-inch scant in width or thickness.

Dry 2x14 shall be dressed to the stand- ard thickness of 2x12.

Lengths. Standard lengths are multi- ples of two feet, 4 to 24 feet, inclusive, but lengths shorter than 10 feet shall not be included in miscellaneous or mixed length shipments, except by agreement.

Grades: No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 Common.

87. Inspection of Dimension is a ques- tion of strength and uniformity of size, and whatever reduces its strength in cross-section must be considered a defect to that extent. In computing the area of cross-section occupied by defects the size of the piece in the rough must be con- sidered.

88. No. 1 COMMON DIMENSION AND HEAVY JOISTS will admit sound knots, none of which in 2 x 4s should be larger than two inches in diameter on one or both sides of the piece, and on wider stock which do not occupy more than one- third of the cross section at any point throughout its length, if located at the edge of the piece, or more than one-half of the cross section if located away from the edge ; pith knots, or smaller defective knots which do not weaken the piece more than the knot aforesaid ; will admit of seasoning checks, firm red heart, heart shakes that do not go through ; wane % of an inch deep on edge, one-fourth the width and one- third the length of the piece; pith, sap stain, pitch pockets, splits in ends not exceeding in length the width of the piece, a limited number of small worm holes well scattered ; may contain crook of 1^2 inch in 2 x 4 — 16 feet and Vs inch less in each additional 2 inches in width up to and in- cluding 2 x 12 — 16 feet. Lengths longer or shorter than 16 feet of No. 1 Common Dimension may contain crook in propor- tion to the above, and such other defects as

do not prevent its use as substantial structural material.

89. No. 2 COMMON DIMENSION may contain crook of 2 inches in 2 x 4 — 16 feet and V8 inch less in each additional 2 inches in width up to and including 2 x 12 — 16 feet. Lengths longer or shorter than 16 feet may contain crook in proportion to the above, and may have knots not necessarily sound, which do not occupy more than one-half of the cross section at any one point if located at the edge of the piece nor more than two-thirds of the cross section if located away from the edge; smaller, loose, hollow or rotten knots that do not weaken the piece more than the knots aforesaid ; will admit rotten streaks, shake, wane, worm holes, split not to exceed one quarter the length of the piece, and other defects which do not prevent its use without waste.

90. Miscut 2-inch Common stock which does not fall below li/2 inches in thick- ness, or i/8-inch scant in width, from standard size shall be admitted in No. 2 Common, provided such pieces are in all other respects as good as No. 1 Common at point of miscut.

91. No. 3 DIMENSION will include all pieces falling below No. 2 Grade which are sound enough to use for cheap build- ing material by wasting 25 per cent, of each piece of one-third of number of pieces in any item of a shipment, but it must not be more than V^-inch scant of standard finished width nor %-inch scant of standard finished thickness. (See Sec. 27.)

ROUGH ARKANSAS SOFT PINE FINISHING.

Widths. Stock width shipments of "C" and Better, either rough or dressed on one or two sides, shall be accepted as standard where not more than 20% of any shipment is 14 inch scant on 8 inch and under; % inch scant on 9 and 10 inch; and i/2 inch scant on 11 and 12 inch and wider; pieces narrower than the above, and pieces in excess of 2Q% of the shipment that are of the minimum measurement above given should be measured as of the next lower standard width and not reduced in grade (for width of No. 2 Boards and Fencing, see pages 56 and 57; for width of dimen- sion see Sections 90 and 98.)

Page Fifty-eight

Lengths. Standard lengths are 8 to 20 feet and in shipments of mixed lengths five per cent, of 8 or 9 feet in grade of "C and Better" shall be admitted.

(The above percentage of short lengths is customary, and in the interest of con- servation will be included so far as prac- ticable, in all shipments of mixed lengths.)

92. Finish must be evenly manufac- tured, and shall embrace all sizes from 1 to 2 inches in thickness by 3 inches and over in width.

93. One-inch, 1*4 and l1/^ inch Fin- ishing lumber, unless otherwise ordered, shall measure, when dry, not more than 1/16 inch scant in thickness; on 2-inch it may measure ^-inch scant.

94. Wane, seasoning checks and other defects that will dress put in working standard thickness and widths are admis- sible.

95. Subject to the foregoing provision Rough Finishing shall be graded accord- ing to the specifications applying to Dressed Finishing lumber.

96. All Finishing lumber, ordered rough, if thicker than the count thickness for dry or green stock, may be dressed to such count thickness, and when so dressed shall be considered as rough. When like grade on both faces is required, special con- tract must be made.

COMMON BOARDS, FENCING AND DIMENSION

97. ROUGH 1-INCH COMMON BOARDS AND FENCING should not be less than %-inch thick when dry ; 114- inch and li/g-inch scant of count thick- ness.

98. ROUGH 2-INCH COMMON should not be less than 1% inches thick when green, or 1% inches thick when dry. The several widths should not be less than i/fc- inch over the standard dressing width for such stock when dry.

99. ROUGH COMMON DIMENSION of a greater thickness than 2 inches and less than 4 inches shall be subject to special contract as to thickness and width.

100. ROUGH DIMENSION, if thick- er than count thickness for dry or green stock, may be dressed to such count thick- ness, and when so dressed shall be con- sidered as rough stock.

Arkansas Soft Pine

101. The defects admissible in Rough Boards, Fencing and Dimension shall be the same as those applying to dressed stock of like kind and grade and such further defects as would disappear in dressing to standard sizes of such ma- terial shall be allowed.

ARKANSAS SOFT PINE LATH

102. No. 1 LATH should measure 2 inches in thickness to every five lath, green. The minimum thickness of any one lath shall not be less than 5/16 of an inch, green, and should not be less than 1-7/16 inches in width, green, length 4 feet; 1% inches thickness to every five lath, dry, and should not measure less than 1-5/16 inches in width when dry. Will admit wane i/a-inch deep, one-quarter of an inch on face and 6 inches long ; pin worm holes and one pin knot. Must not be more than !/2-inch short in length. Blue sap stain shall not be considered a defect.

103. No. 2 LATH shall consist of pieces that fall below the grade of No. 1 which are not less than 1*4 inches in width, 14 of an inch thick, when dry, and are npt more than %-inch short in length. Will admit wane, worm holes, knots and other defects that will not prevent their use without waste.

BYRKIT LATH

Sizes, %x3i/2 and 5*4 inches wide; lengths, 4 feet and upward.

104. STANDARD BYRKIT LATH shall consist of material that will be held firmly in place and support plaster by or- dinary nailing, by npt wasting more than 10 per cent, of any piece and that will pre- sent a full surface with no openings over Va-inch in width and 3 inches in length. The ends of pieces of Byrkit Lath are not expected to meet on studding, and only such quantity shall be counted waste as is necessary to remove a defect. (See cut on page 47.)

STANDARD SIZES OF DRESSED LUMBER

105. Finishing shall be dressed to the following sizes :

One-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16; 11,4-inch S. 1 or 2 S. to iy8 ; 11,1-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. 1% ; 2-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 1% inches. These thicknesses also apply when S. 4 S.

Page Fifty -nine

Hand Book

The Standard Widths of S. 4 S. shall be as follows:

1x4 shall be 3% inches ;

1x5 shall be 4% inches ;

1x6 shall be 5% inches ;

1x7 shall be 6% inches ;

1x8 shall be 71/2 inches ;

1x9 shall be 8i/2 inches ;

1 x 10 shall be 9^ inches;

1 x 11 shall be 10i/2 inches;

1 x 12 shall be 111/2 inches;

The foregoing widths shall also apply to stock thicker than 1 inch.

106. Moulded Casing and Base shall be worked to %-inch, as per patterns shown in Moulding Section of this Book.

107. Flooring. The Standard of 1 x 3, 1x4 and 1x6 inches "D and Better" shall be worked to 13/16 x 21,4, 21/2, 3^ and 514 inches; 11,4-inch Flooring shall be worked to 1 1/16 inches thick, i/2-inch Flooring shall be worked to 1 5/16 inches thick, the same width and matching as 1-inch stock. (See cut on page 44.)

108. Drop Siding. D. & M. shall be worked to % x 3*4 and 514 inch face, 3i/2 and 51/3 over all. Worked shiplap % x 3 inch face, 3i/2 over all; 3/4x5 inch face, 51/2 over all.

Patterns that are not shown on page 44 of this Book are considered special.

109. Ceiling shall be worked to the fol- lowing :

%-inch Ceiling, 5/16-inch ; i/2-inch Ceiling, 7/16-inch ; s/s-inch Ceiling, 9/16-inch ; %-mch Ceiling, 11/16-inch; same widths as Flooring.

The standard working of Ceiling shall be beaded center and edge with slight bevel on groove edge. (See cuts on page 62.)*

The bead on all Ceiling and Partition shall be depressed 1/32 of an inch below surface line of piece.

110. Partition shall be worked to the following : % x 314 and 6^4 inches, with same standard for location and size of bead as applies to Ceiling. (See Sec. 109.)

112. Window and Door Jambs, Dressed, Rabbeted and Plowed as ordered. (See Sec. 33.)

113. Boards and Fencing. One-inch S. 1 S. or 2 S. to 13/16-inch, also when S. 4S.

114. Barn Siding, D. & M.; 8, 10 and 12 inches, shall be worked to % x 7Vs, 9% and lli/8 inches face; 7%, 9% and 113/8 inches over all.

115. Barn Siding Shiplap, 8 10 and 12 inches shall be worked to % xiy8, 9^ and Hi/8 inch face, with 3/g-inch lap, 3^-inch thick and %-mch long; 7V2, 9i/2 and Iiy2 inches over all. See page 47 for cut.

116. D. & M. Common Boards, 8, 10 and 12 inches shall be worked to the fol- lowing: 34 x 71/8, 9i/8 and lli/8 inches; 73/8, 9% and 11% inches over all and shall be S. 2 S. and C. M.

117. Grooved Roofing, 10 and 12-inch S. 1 S. and 2 E. shall be worked to 13/16 x 91/2 and 1114. (See Sec. 77 for size and location of Groove, and cut on page 47.)

118. Wagon Bottoms, unless otherwise ordered (see Sec. 31) , shall be made in sets 38 and 42 inches face, and from stock 4 inches or over in width. Standard thick- nesses shall be 13/16-inch.

119. Dimension shall be worked to the following :

2x 4 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to l%x 3% inches ; 2x 6 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to 15/8x 5% inches; 2x 8 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to 15/8x 7V2 inches ; 2x10 S. 1 S. and 1 E to l%x 9i/2 inches ; 2x12 S. 1 S. and 1 E. to 15/8xlli/2 inches;

Dimension S. 4 S. i/fc-inch less than standard size S. 1 S. and 1 E.

120. All sizes in Dimension are subject to natural shrinkage when ordered and shipped green.

121. Heavy Joists shall be worked to the following: 2 x 14, 2i/2 and 3 x 10, 12 and 14, S. 1 S. and IE., green, 1,4-inch off side and i/2-inch off edge, S. 4 S. i/4-inch off each face surfaced. Heavy Joists rough, green, should not be over 1,4-ineh scant in width or thickness.

122. Heavy Flooring. For 2 and 2i/2- inch matching the thickness should be % of an inch less than the rough material

•Arkansas Soft Pine Producer* also manufacture New England (Boston) "V" Ceiling. See Page 62.

111. Bevel Siding to be made from stock S. 4 S. worked to 13/16 x3i/2 and and resawed on a bevel.

Page Sixty

when surfaced one side; when S. 2 S. should be 7/16-inch less than count thick- ness or 1/16-inch less than when S. 1 S. The tongue should be %-inch thick and %-inch long. For 3-inch and thicker matching the tongue should be 34-inch thick and %-inch long, and thickness of the stock should be %-inch less than the rough material. The groove in heavy matchings should be 1/16-inch wider than the thickness of the tongue, and 1/16-inch deeper than the length of the tongue.

Tongue and groove shall be located one-quarter the thickness of the rough ma- terial from the bottom of the piece. (See cut on page 46.)

In 2-inch and thicker material plowed for splines, the grooves should be the same width and depth as is provided for in matching material of the same thickness. (See cut on page 46.)

Heavy Shiplap shall be worked to the same thickness as Heavy Flooring. The lap shall be ^-inch long, occupying one- half the finished thickness of the piece.

123. Timbers shall be worked to the fol- lowing : 4x4 and larger S. 1 S. or S. & E. %-inch off each face surfaced; S. 3 S. or S. 4 S. ^4-inch off each face surfaced.

124. All sizes in Timbers are subject to natural shrinkage.

Arkansas Soft Pine

125. No. 1 Lath should measure 2 inches in thickness to every five lath, green ; the minimum thickness of any one lath shall not be less than 5/16 of an inch, green, and should not be less than 1 7/16 inches in width, green, length 4 feet; 1% inches thickness to every five lath, dry; and should not measure less than 1 5/16 inches in width, dry. Must not be more than i/2-mch short in length.

126. No. 2 Lath must not be less than 114 inches in width, 14 of an inch thick when dry, and not more than %-inch short in length.

127. Byrkit Lath to be 94 x 3V2 and inches wide; lengths, 4 feet and upward. (See cut on page 47.)

PICKETS

128. Square Pickets from li/2-mch stock shall be worked to 1 5/16 x 1 5/16, 3 and 4 feet long, dressed on four sides and pointed, ll/i-inch stock shall be worked to 1 1/16x1 1/16, 3 and 4 feet long, dressed on four sides and pointed.

129. Flat Pickets from 1x3 stock shall be worked to % x 214, 3 and 4 feet long, dressed on four sides and headed.

All stock bearing the Arkansas Soft Pine Trade Mark is manufactured and sold exclusively by the following companies:

Arkansas Land & Lumber Co., Malvern, Ark. Arkansas Lumber Company, Warren, Ark. Cotton Belt Lumber Company, Bearden, Ark. Crossett Lumber Co., Crossett, Ark. Eagle Lumber Company, Eagle Mills, Ark. Edgar Lumber Company, Wesson, Ark. Freeman-Smith Lumber Co., Millville, Ark. Fordyce Lumber Company, Fordyce, Ark. Gates Lumber Company, Wilmar, Ark. Ozan-Graysonia Lumber Co., Prescott, Ark. Southern Lumber Company, Warren, Ark. Stout Lumber Company, Thornton, Ark. Wisconsin & Arkansas Lbr. Co., Malvern, Ark.

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Arkansas Soft Pine Bureau Little Rock, Ark.

Page Sixty-one

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"V" Ceiling Actual Size. Sanitary Design

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Page Sixty-two

4913S9

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY