> = | ee = anp | Mepicat REJECTION | _ STATISTICS Ri “eh "7 By FREDERICK IL. HOFFMAN, LL. D. Third Vice President and Statistician The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Member of the Committee on Anthropology and Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Race in Relation to Disease (Civilian Records) of the National Research Council, etc. A | a Sian leek OF PAPERS read before the - National sy of Science, Philadelphia, November 21, 1917 and the American Statistical Association Philadelphia, December 28, 1917 thoroughly revised and brought down to date 3 } Jo -. © m i ana Bs 4 ae A . or, = y 8 Fase: : Academy of Medicine — Toronte Gift: Metropolitan Toronto Library Board i. ARMY ANTHROPOMETRY AND MEDICAL REJECTION STATISTICS é .% : « * ‘ “ o . : ry ° e , : . * ~ 4, e a 1 “ay » ™~ » ggeat a Se. ‘i . : ,* "e.. - BY ees FREDERICK L. HOFFMAN, LL. D. Third Vice President and Statistician The Prudential Insurance Company of America, Member of the Committee on Anthropology and Chairman of the Sub-Committee on Race in Relation to Disease (Civilian Records) of the National Research Council, etc. A consolidation of papers read before the National Academy of Science, Philadelphia, November 21, 1917 and the American Statistical Association Philadelphia, December 28, 1917 thoroughly revised and brought down to date LA\BRARy apr 6 2001 os, ty S /y ‘Sy fAsity oF 18 * 1918 PRUDENTIAL PRESS NEWARK, N. J. Ui SAe TO THE COMMITTEE ON ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS | OF THE PRUDENTIAL INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA AVAILABLE ON REQUEST By the Hon. John F. Dryden: (1) The American Type of Isthmian Canal, 1906. (2) Addresses and Papers on Life Insurance and Other Subjects, 1909. (3) Uniform Laws and Legislation on Life Insurance, 1910. (4) Industrial Insurance, Past and Present, 1912. By Frederick L. Hoffman: (6) Rural Health and Welfare, 1912. (7) Exhibits of The Prudential Insurance Company of America, International Con- gress of Hygiene and Demography, 1912. (7a) Seventy-five Years of American Economic Progress, 1914. (8) The Significance of a Declining Death Rate, 1914. (10) Practical Statistics of Public Health Nursing, 1914. (11) Industrial Accidents in Different Occupations, 1914. (13) American Public Health Problems, 1915. (14) The Documentary History of Insurance, 1915. (15) The Mortality from Cancer Throughout the World, 1916. (16) The Sanitary Progress and Vital Statistics of Hawaii, 1916. (17) A Plea and a Plan for the Eradication of Malaria, 1917. (18) Facts and Fallacies of Compulsory Health Insurance, 1917. (19) Weekly Index Numbers of National Health and Well-being, 1917. (20) The Mortality from Degenerative Diseases, 1918. (21) The Malaria Problem in Peace and War, 1918. (22) The Tuberculosis Death Rate in 1917, 1918. (23) The Typhoid Fever Death Rate in 1917, 1918. (24) Army Anthropometry and Medical Rejection Statistics, 1918. By,Frederick S. Crum: (1a) A Statistical Study of Measles, 1913. (2a) A Statistical Study of Whooping Cough, 1914. (3a) Medical Inspection of Schools—a Factor in Disease-Control, 1915. (4a) Anthropometric Table; Children Aged Six to Forty-eight Months, 1916. (5a) The Mortality from Diseases of the Lungs in American Industry, 1916. CHARTS (514x8} inches) I Mortality from Cancer (21 charts). II Mortality from Tuberculosis (21 charts). III Mortality from Measles (6 charts). IV Mortality from Whooping Cough (4 charts). V Mortality from Accidents (24 charts). VI Mortality from Typhoid Fever (1 chart). VII Mortality from Infantile Paralysis (1 chart). VIII Mortality from Diphtheria (5 charts). IX Mortality from Malaria (15 charts). X Mortality of United States and Germany (3 charts). XI Army Anthropometry (4 charts). CONTENTS PART I GENERAL ARMY ANTHROPOMETRY Urgency of better standards of physical examinations The examination of recruits by officers of the line The sphere and function of physical anthropology Recommendations of the Committee on /ntheopolagy of the Na- tional Research Council The need for a national anthropometric survey Rules for the preliminary physical examination Inadequacy of examinations by officers of the line Obscure evidences of physical maturity Stigmata of degeneracy.... Limitation of army rejection experience Recruiting experience under voluntary enlistments Inconclusive statistics of physical deterioration Conflict of medical and non-medical considerations in recruiting........ A decade of United States recruiting statistics Important changes in recruiting standards Changes recommended by the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council Race in relation to normal stature Statistical and mathematical considerations of frequency distribu- tion in physical proportions Standard methods of anthropometric measurements Stature of accepted United States recruits under the voluntary sys- tem of enlistment Race in relation to frequency distribution of stature Race in relation to weight Race in relation to chest measurements Standard of physical proportions adopted May 18, 1917 Analysis of foreign recruiting statistics Index of vital resistance Limited value of recruiting data Race in relation to physical proportions Recruiting statistics of Prussia Stature of German conscripts Inconclusive army rejection data Rejection data of the German army Geographical variations in the causes of rejections 5 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 “Ze 23 24 26 27 28 29 31 33 35 38 39 4] 46 46 47 48 49 50 51 32 53 55 CONTENTS—Continued Recruiting statistics of Austro-Hungary Recruiting statistics of France Variations of stature of European armies Recruiting statistics of Italy Medical causes of rejection in the Italian Army Recruiting statistics of Switzerland Recruiting statistics of Scandinavian countries Recruiting statistics of Belgium Recruiting statistics of Holland Recruiting statistics of Russia and Finland Recruiting statistics of Great Britain Recruiting statistics of Japan Recruiting statistics of the United States Comparative causes of rejection for military service Causes of rejection in the German army Causes of rejection in the Austro-Hungarian army Causes of rejection in the French army Causes of rejection in the Swiss army Causes of rejection in the Italian army Causes of rejection in the Belgian army Causes of rejection in the Dutch army Causes of rejection in the Swedish army Causes of rejection in the Norwegian army Causes of rejection in the British army Causes of rejection in the United States army............ Causes of rejection—white recruits only Causes of rejection—colored recruits only Causes of rejection—native and foreign-born recruits Causes of rejection—Filipino and Porto Rican recruits Part II RECENT UNITED STATES ARMY MEDICAL AND REJECTION | EXPERIENCE DATA Discretionary powers in physical examinations Negative evidence of physical deterioration Important changes in rules and regulations Examinations by officers of the line Examinations by civil medical officers of local boards Army rejection experience in Greater New York Effects of discretionary powers on the rejection rate Misleading conclusions regarding physical rejections under the first selective draft 82 83 84 85 86 88 89 90 CON TENTS—Continued Misleading use of army rejection experience under the voluntary _ system 91 Comparative rejection statistics of life insurance experience_......__. 92 Important changes in the rejection rules under the selective draft.. 93 The possible saving in man-power and gain in military efficiency under the new regulations 95 Results of the army rejection experience in the United Kingdom.... 97 Urgency of a national anthropometric survey and new physical standards : 98 New standards of physical examination 99 The age period of military service in time of war. 102 APPENDIX A Examination blank tentatively recommended by the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council........................ 104 APPENDIX B Anthropological survey recommended by The Royal Anthropological Institute 105 APPENDIX C Graduated numbers of the male population of the Continental United States, ages 18-49, by single years of life and conjugal condition, estimated for the year 1918 112 APPENDIX D Two letters on unnecessary rejections on account of deficiency in stature (New York Sun) 113 CHARTS Comparative stature of conscripts and recruits 32 Stature of United States recruits, 1906-1915 36 Weight of United States recruits, 1906-1915 42 Chest measures of United States recruits, 1906-1915 44 es ew oe ia sshatlbe ws aids toa ’ ac eta eee uae aaa StQnal ta eacnsargaey SPORES Yana AI Sgr he hs cide stinielba. sft Saba 2sfux poliostex aiff at. ae + . cyanide etiiy tig ber tention temtnd et _algi: Heck AS, eee tho ale Vecral patsy Sosace fen on OEE wat, As eee be ~ aiobagntiok hatin Siedi sonshsQer solasiot gue ‘ ais Lacing weett bee yaieries Shera womens norte ork +f pay” ebig: Sel Fa CG Sp Sai . a rie ’ z 2 rd Xi Re Sg Perce ys Phe - xen a Rp ke ede ees ie euidithaaninalt ‘lata, is. sos ae th psoas wets mail bigs waka als veka, peta tof Mer nee “ Dew hs rt i GS fy ae eR YEE, | = oe oe 5 a ay phe ate Me Rubs raat ‘gta, taer sate peakinai iS, ae Lag Hots ERO pea Esai astied : 4 =% veg I, ie + a, ug biel Saad ss =e r oh o “ey ghee ae ah M Res (3 " 3 4 Me rrr? - yet a bre ery iy = ze ie. , SA ae Poy 3) ~ se PARE crag ot vat botennizes: Busi yi Ly a’ ~bal wi a 7 . ay aes hy ECE va ; ee j PG EAE EON ee ot i r ¥ ' Py 8 ve lieth) thn cee ane eal aioe a eat Eber | ; repay rinerpetiosdyy oF tag ie Terr. sie a) oe oa rie niin Er HST RAT rhe Seger Vp Fis ae! es se Bea : onthe isola ie