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SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS f OI^ECTIONS.
227
ARKANGEMENT
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OF THE
FAMILIES OF MOLLUSKS.
PREPARED FOR THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
BY
THEODORE GILL, M. D., PH.D.
O
•••-
WASHINGTON: PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
FEBRUARY, 1871.
ADVERTISEMENT.
THE following list has been prepared by Dr. Theodore Gill, at the request of the Smithsonian Institution, for the purpose of facilitating the arrangement and classification of the Mollusks and Shells of the National Museum ; and as frequent applica- tions for such a list have been received by the Institution, it has been thought advisable to publish it for more extended use.
JOSEPH HENRY,
Secretary S. I.
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
WASHINGTON, January, 1S71
ACCEPTED FOB PUBLICATION, FEBRUARY 28, 1870.
(• • • x 111 )
CONTENTS.
PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION vii
II. LIST OF FAMILIES 1
Sub-Braiich Mollusca vera . . . ... 1
Class Cephalopoda 1
Order 1. Dibranchiata 1
" 2. Tetrabranchiata 2
Class Gasteropoda, or Cephalophora . .4
Sub-Class Dioeca 4
Order 3. Pectinibranchiata .... 4
" 4. Heteropoda 10
" 5. Rhipidoglossa ...... 10
" 6. Docoglossa 11
" 7. Polyplacophora . . . . .12
Sub-Class Pulmonifera 12
Order 8. Pulmonata 12
Sub-Class Opisthobranchiata 14
Order 9. Tectibranchiata 14
" 10. Nudibranchiata . . . . .15
Sub-Class Pteropoda .17
Order 11. Tbecosomata ..... 17
" 12. Gymnosomata 17
Sub-Class Prosopocephala . . . . . .17
Order 13. Solenoconchse . . . . .17
Class Conchifera ........ 18
Order 14. Dimyaria 18
" 15. Metarrliiptae 21
" 16. Heteromyaria 21
vi
PAGE
OrderlV. Monornyaria 21
" 18. Rudista 22
Sub-Branch Molluscoidea ....... 23
Class Tunicata 23
Order 19. Saccobranchia 23
" 20. Dactylobranchia 24
" 21. Taeniobranchia 24
" 22. Larvalia 24
Class Brachiopoda .25
Order 23. Artliropomata 25
" 24. Lyopomata 20
Class Polyzoa . 27
Order 25. Phylactolsemata 27
" 26. Gymnolseiuata 27
" 27. Rhabdopleurae 30
III. LIST OP AUTHORS REFERRED TO 31
v
IV. INDEX 45
INTRODUCTION.
OBJECTS.
THE want of a complete and consistent list of the principal subdivisions of the mollusks having been experienced for some time, and such a list being at length imperatively needed for the arrangement of the collections of the Smithsonian Institution, the present arrangement has been compiled for that purpose. It must be considered simply as a provisional list, embracing the results of the most recent and approved researches into the systematic relations and anatomy of those animals, but from which innova- tions and peculiar views, affecting materially the classification, have been excluded. The only merit which is claimed for it is the embodiment and co-ordination, it is hoped in a tolerably con- sistent form, of the taxonomic results of the information scattered through many volumes. There will doubtless be much diversity of opinion respecting the relative value of certain groups, as well as of the characters themselves whose modifications have been used for the limitations of the groups, and the author will not disguise that he himself entertains much doubt respecting certain groups and relationships preserved in the arrangement. It has seemed advisable, however, to provisionally adopt the opinions of those who have most thoroughly investigated the different groups rather than to introduce innovations based on hypothe- tical considerations, and which would be perhaps found to be liable to as many objections as those adopted
But although, from the very nature and extent of the subject, the present arrangement is a compilation, it nevertheless is like- wise the result of researches undertaken by the author with more or less assiduity for a number of years, and, as a whole, it offers a considerable number of deviations from any classification
( Tii )
Till
hitherto submitted. It therefore seems proper, especially in view of the fact that this article will have a circulation among many persons who are interested in the collection and study of shells, but who have never paid especial attention to the principles of classification involved in the arrangement of the niollusks, to offer a few prefatory remarks on Taxonomy, or the science of classification, especially so far as those animals are concerned, and to answer the questions that may arise as to why some combinations are made.
PRIMARY DIVISIONS.
The classes of Mollusks are by no means allied to each other in equal degree ; there are two series that differ very widely, and which have been regarded by many of the best naturalists as primary groups of the animal kingdom ; that is, sub-kingdoms or branches. The great majority of the representatives of each of such groups do indeed offer so many special characteristics, and so widely differ from those of the other series, that perhaps the arguments in favor of such a view may be more weighty than those for the opposite. But the members of one class (Tunicata) seem to be in some respects intermediate or at least to narrow the chasm that would otherwise exist between the two, although their affinities are not regarded as dubious by most.
It has been found, after due investigation, that the central nervous system offers in its modifications in the Mollusks, as in the Vertebrates, the best criteria of relationship, and on the num- ber of ganglia have been based the division thereof into the two primary groups, MOLLUSCA VERA and MOLLUSCOIDEA ; in the former (Mollusca vera), there are three well developed pairs of ganglia — the cerebral, the pedal, and the so-called branchial (or parieto-splanchnic of Huxley) — each pair being united by com- missures ; in the latter (Molluscoidea), there is but one well de- veloped pair, homologous with the pedal ganglia of the true Mol- lusks. Prof. Huxley, that very able biologist who has so much contributed by his clear mind and convincing logic to the education of the younger naturalists of the present day, has well remarked on the impossibility, or at least difficulty not yet sur- mounted, of the enunciation of a diagnosis which will combine the two divisions, and distinguish that combination from others.
IX
And that difficulty has been strikingly illustrated by the positive withdrawal, by an able naturalist, of at least the Brachiopods and Bryozoans from the true Mollusks, and the combination of them with the Worms. If, then, a deviation from the example of Prof. Huxley and other masters in systematic zoology has been ventured in still retaining the combination of the two groups under the common branch name of Mollusca, it has been because there is still a certain conventional convenience in so doing, and because some members of the lower group (the Brachiopods) are almost always — at least by collectors — considered in connection with the higher forms. Another and more scientific reason is that at the confines of the lower groups, the hiatus between the two appears disproportionately little compared to that between the other branches, and a stricter series of homologies are traceable between the two. PJiodosoma (Schizascus, St.) of the Tunicates, and the recently described RhaMopleura, Allmann, of the Bryozoans, are especially noticeable in this connection. It may also be added that the difficulty of framing a common diagnosis for the combined types appears to be the result of the diversity of secondary modifications and ramifications, and the extreme specialization of some forms and loss of common primi- tive characters, rather than of the divergence of the two types from a generalized Proto-zoon or aboriginal primordial stock — an element necessary to be considered in appreciation of the values of groups. In such cases, the test .must be a series of consecu- tive inductions, and if those can be rigorously established, the truth cannot be far distant, even though an exclusive diagnosis cannot be applied. Care, however, must be taken not to abuse the privilege of combination without exact diagnosis, and the same latitude is not allowable in smaller and subordinate groups as in the more comprehensive.
CLASSES.
With regard to the classes of Mollusks, it is only necessary to state that the Pteropods have been considered as a subclass of Gasteropods, and thus retained in one and the same class with the typical members of the latter, in accordance with the views of most American malacologists, and because the hiatus between
them appears to be much less than that between the Cephalopods
1
* '
and Gasteropods, and of course between those Odontophorons Mollusks and the Conchifers. The Pulmonifers of Cuvier — by some considered as a class apart — and the Solenoconchs — by some considered as also entitled to classic rank, by others re- ferred to the Pteropods, and by others still to the Conchifers — have also been retained as sub-classes of the Gasteropods. The classification thus accepted is then the same as those already proposed, in 1861, by Prof. Dana1 in his "Manual of Geology," and, in 1865, by Prof. E. S. Morse in his " Classification of the Mollusca based on the principle of cephalization." So far as the combination of the Pteropods, Heteropods, and typical Gas- teropods into one class, others had also long before indicated the propriety of the innovation. The other groups regarded as of approximately equal value with those, and therefore designated sub-classes, are the Pectinibranchiates and Opisthobranchiates.
i
ORDERS.
Applying to the combinations of the Gasteropods into orders the principle that morphology and not teleology is the guide in natural classification, it becomes necessary to depart from some quite generally accepted schemes, and especially that whereby all the air-breathing rnollusks are combined together in contra- distinction from those respiring by means of branchiae. As was perceived long ago by Cuvier, the inoperculated Pulmonifers (except Proserpinidse) are entirely different from the operculated ones. That great naturalist very justly retained alone in one group the former (the Proserpinidse were unknown to him), and thus constituted a truly natural order, while the operculated ones (Cyclostomse, etc.) were referred to the Pectinibranchiates, and near Littorina, with which the best naturalists still associate them. His ignorance of the structure of the Helicinidee induced him to retain them near the Cyclostomse, but had he been acquainted with tnem, he would doubtless have combined them with his Tro- choidea as they now are. The combination of all the Pulmoni- ferous Gasteropods into one group, as was afterwards done, was
1 Prof. Dana has only differed in the depreciation of the value of the primary groups, the Mollusca (his ordinary Mollusca) and the Molluscoidea (his Antlwid Mollusca) being considered as classes, and their subdivisions as orders.
XI
a decidedly retrograde step, and thus mqrphology was entirely subordinated to teleology, and even to a degree seldom equalled in recent times ; for the groups enumerated are so very distinct from each other that they have no characters in common except those which they share with others as members of the same class, and the ability to breathe air direct — and even the adaptation for the latter office is affected by different modifications in the seve- ral subclasses.
The Heteropods, instead of representing a distinct class or subclass, are perhaps scarcely entitled to ordinal rank, but, as their distinctive characters are not entirely adaptive, they have for the present been accredited with it. Besides the Dentalia (So- LENOCONCHA), the Chitonidse (POLYPLACOPHORA) have been re- moved from the association with the Palellidse and Acmaeidse, and for the last alone has been retained the ordinal name (Doco- GLOSSA) proposed by Dr. Troschel for all the groups mentioned. It is difficult to understand why the Chitonidx have been so per- sistently associated with Patellidse, except for the reason that after the first discovery of the homologies between the two types, the great differences between them were in a measure lost sight of — a fault common to discoverers of unexpected relationships — and that most others .have since been content to accept without active thought the approximation at first suggested. The simi- larity of the nervous system, recently urged in justification, seems to be more superficial than real, and rather the result of adapta- tion to the oval depressed form common to both. Although the author has been the first to limit (in manuscript long ago pre- pared) the order to the families now retained in it, the ordinal name proposed by Dr. Troschel (DOCOGLOSSA) being a suggestive one, it has been preferred to a new name.1
It need only be added that the orders of Conchifers and of all the Molluscoids are adopted simply as appearing to be the best that have been devised, and not because they are those likely to be ultimately confirmed, at least with precisely their present limits.
1 Mr. W. H. Call, after an extensive study of the anatomy of members of the group, had also arrived at the same conclusions, and was the first to demonstrate the entire want of affinity therewith of the Gadiniida?.
Xll
FAMILIES.
The author has applied the views of those who consider those groups, above the rank of genera, combined by numerous com- mon characters, and distinguished from neighboring groups by greater or more abrupt differences than those existing within the limits of such common associations, to be entitled to family rank. In Articulates, Vertebrates, and Radiates, such groups are often recognizable externally by a similarity of form which is dependent on more or less decided modifi- cations of structure, or the relations between different parts. Very often, however — and especially in the Batrachians — such indications fail, and in the Mollusks there are many families that do not differ from each other in form ; and, on the other hand, others exhibit a very considerable difference of form among their own representatives. Accepting the views as to the application of the term family to groups as adopted by the students of Mam- mals, we must apply them as we best can to the Mollusks, and of course we must be prepared for considerable diversity of views in the application, dependent on the personality of the observer, his acquaintance with the groups, and the path by which he has approached the study.
Tery many, and probably most of the families now adopted, require revision based on more extensive materials than have yet been available to any one investigator. If any are to be especially pointed out in this connection, those of the orders of Cephalopods, and among the Gasteropods, the TurMnellidde* Pupinidae, and the sub-divisions of the disintegrated Helicidse, Melaniidee, Cerithacea, and Trochacea, may be indicated. But, because their affinities are doubtful, they have been for the present retained, for it is believed that the evils resulting from hetero- geneous combinations (not definable by diagnosis) is greater than those resulting from refinement of analysis.
The acquaintance of the author with the Polyzoa being ex-
1 The Turbtnellidce are retained as distinct on the authority of a very distinguished naturalist, who has kindly informed me that they are "Stromboidce." I have not ventured to separate them, however, farther from the Cynodontidce till more is known.
Xlll
tremely limited, he has adopted without modification the classifi- cation of Bronn (who has availed himself of all the information published up to his time), except for the Phylactolsemata, for which he has followed Prof. Hyatt, who has since thoroughly- studied that order.
The details of classification of the families are yet too unsettled to warrant the retention of the many sub-families which have been proposed, and while the necessity for the adoption of such subordinate groups is readily foreseen and admitted, so few have been characterized in a manner which could be maintained against criticism or justified by valid arguments, that only in exceptional cases have any been admitted.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS.
In this connection it may be remarked that there is no scientific basis for an a priori assumption that because the modifications of an organ are of a certain importance in one branch or class of animals, they are so in others. While such hints may perhaps be of some use, the value requires to be verified in each instance. Because the modifications in structure of the heart in mammals, birds, and reptiles are of prime importance, it does not follow that they are equally so in batrachians and fishes, and such a view- is, indeed, opposed to facts. Still less foundation exists for the a priori application of such ideas to the classification of the mollusks ; and their distribution into two series, distinguished by the bilocular (Monotocardian) and trilocular (Diocorclian) par- tition of the heart, certainly seems to be opposed by the indica- tions furnished by the sum total of the organization.
And in like manner, because the modifications of a certain part are the best indexes of affinity in one group of a class, it does not follow that even in the same class, in another group, analo- gous modifications are of like value. The dentition, for example, is quite characteristic in the mammalian orders Carnivores, Ungulates, and Rodents ; but in the Implacentals the value of analogous modifications is very much less, and, within the range of the same order (Marsupials), superficial differences, apparently at least, as great as those between the cited orders of Placen- tals are found. If, therefore, the modifications of the dentition are used for the distinction of orders in one case, it is not because
XIV
the dentition is the most important per se, but because, as a matter of fact and experience, it has been determined that the modifications thereof are the co-ordinates of corresponding, though perhaps not as readily recognizable, modifications of other parts, and being so, they are taken advantage of for diagnostic purposes.
In like manner, as a matter of experience, the groups of the Pectinibranchiate mollusks agreeing in the dentition of the radula appear to agree in other important respects, and there- fore the modifications of the teeth of the radula have been made use of as the prime characters, because they appear to be the exponents of the sum total of structure, and until it is shown, by a study and co-ordination of the modifications of the entire structure, that there are other characteristics that are of more importance and better indexes of affinity, and the application has been actually made, it is not evident what other better combina- tions capable of demonstration and diagnosis — the true criteria — can be made. Undoubtedly we have much yet to learn concern- ing the affinities of all the mollusks, and undoubtedly very con- siderable, and perhaps fundamental, modifications of classification will be required ; but, in addition to objections against a given system, suggestions for reform are at the same time desirable, and then a comparison of the respective merits of the competing systems can be instituted.
As it is evident that the differences of dentition in the Placen- tal and Implacental mammals is of very unequal value, it is no more than might be expected that the dentition in the class of Gasteropods should also vary in value, and it is actually found that while in the Pectinibranchiates the dentition is an excellent index of affinities, it is not so in the Tectibranchiates or Nudi- branchiates. In this admitted fact, however, there is no more valid argument against its value in the Pectinibranchiates than in the corresponding case in mammals.
EXTINCT FORMS.
With respect to the extinct forms, the compiler has deemed it advisable to accept the views of the most approved students of the groups as to their relations, but has felt obliged to apply to them that indefinite but generally appreciated standard of value which has been used for the living forms, and consequently the
XV
number of extinct families admitted is larger than is generally recognized, especially in the class of Cephalopods. The views of M. Barrande have been implicitly accepted in the arrange- ment of the families of Tetrabranchiates, save as to the value of the groups. M. Barrande has designated the Mollusca as a class, the Cephalopoda as an order of that class, and has sub- divided the latter into three families, each comprising a greater or less number of genera. The standard of value applied by that learned naturalist is in each case, but especially in the appre- ciation of the major groups, very different from that almost uni- versally current, and as the more comprehensive groups are here retained with the higher rank generally accredited to them, the genera are also raised to a more elevated rank : the views of M. Barrande concerning the range of his genera being provision- ally accepted, they are each one raised to family rank, and although the author is disposed to dissent from the positions assumed by M. Barrande in respect to the affinities and extent or relative value of certain of his genera, his knowledge of those forms is so vastly inferior to that naturalist's, that he has not ventured in any case to depart from him, even when he would have simply accepted the views of others, for none have had such opportunities for study, or made such good use of them, as he. As the expediency of the extension of family rank to some of the forms may be questioned, it may be remarked that the ten- dency of some naturalists seems to be to even subdivide still more minutely, Prof. Agassiz and Prof. Hyatt, for example, dif- ferentiating the genus Ammonites of most authors into a number of families, and separating ordinally the "Ammonoids" from the Nautilidae.
In addition to the numerous extinct types of the Cephalopods, there are undoubtedly many among the Gasteropods and Con- chifers that are entitled to family rank ; but in view of the inability of the author to study many of them, and of our igno- rance of their relations, it has been deemed inadvisable to name thenii
SYNONYMY.
In order to make known the extent of the families adopted, as well as to direct students to reliable sources of information, reference has been made to a specific authority for each family.
XVI
It has been deemed preferable, however, ail other things being equal, to refer to some readily accessible and popular work. But in cases where such works do not give the limits to the families which have been indicated by the most approved researches, references are made to the monographs or other publications wherein the information is furnished. Some of the families, however, have not yet been assigned the limits which, in the opinion of the compiler, appear the most natural ; in order, therefore, to indicate as nearly as possible the relative values of the respective groups, the system of notation recommended espe- cially by the late Hugh Strickland has been adopted. When there is an exact equivalency, either as to the limits assigned by the diagnosis, or as to the contents, the sign of equality ( = ) is used ; when the group referred to is larger than that adopted, the corresponding sign (<) is prefixed to the former; when the group referred to is smaller, the usual sign indicative thereof ( > ) is prefixed ; and when the group referred to is entirely different, including some forms not in and excluding others re- tained in the group compared with it, the sign ( x ) is employed as a prefix.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.
In the appended list of authorities, and in connection with the names of the families, will be found the references to those authors who have been followed in especial cases. The compiler would also especially acknowledge his obligations to Mr. W. H. Dall for various kind offices and assistance in the preparation of this list.
OF
FAMILIES OF MOLLUSKS.
[Adopted provisionally by the Smithsonian Institution.] N. B.— The Fossil Families are in Italics.
CLASS A.— CEPHALOPODA.
ORDER L— DIBRANCHIATA.
SUB-ORDER OCTOPODA. (0. littorales.}
1. Cirrhoteuthidae < Octopodidae, Ad. I, 18.
2. Octopodidae < Octopodidae, Ad. I7 18.
(0. pelagid.)
3. Philonexidae = Philonexidae, Ad. I, 21.
4. Argonautidae = Argonautidae, Ad. I, 23.
SUB-ORDER SEPIOPHORA.
(Oigopsidae.)
( Cranchiidae, Ad. I, 26.
5. Cranchiidae K _ ,. ., , _ orr
( Loligopsidae, Ad. I, 27.
6. Chiroteuthidae = Chiroteuthidae, Ad. I, 28.
7. Onychoteuthidae < Onychoteuthidae, Ad. I, 30.
8. Ommastrephidae < Onychoteuthidae, Ad. I, 30.
(Myopsidae.)
9. Loliginidae < Loliginidae, Ad. I, 35.
10. Sepiolidae < Loliginidae, Ad. I, 41.
11. Sepiidae = Sepiidae, Ad. I, 41.
12. Belosepiidae < Sepiidae, Chenu I, 46. IB. Spirulidae = Spirulidae, Ad. I, 44.
14. Belopteridae < Spirulidae, Chenu I, 51.
15. Belemnitidae = Belemnitidae, Chenu I, 46.
ORDER IL— TETRABRANCHIATA.
(Nautiloidea.)
#
16. NotJioceratidae = Nothoceras, Barr. II, 72.
17. Batlimoceratidae = Batlimoceras, Barr. II, 74.
*
18. Troclioceratidae = Troclioceras, Barr. II, 74.
#
19. Nautilidae = Nautilus, Barr. II, 128.
20. Hercoceratidae = Hercoceras, Barr. II, 152.
21. Gyroceratidae = Gyroceras, Barr. II, 156.
22. Litidtidae = Lituites, Barr. II, 168.
23. Phragmoceratidae= Phragmoceras, B. II, 189.
24. Gomplioceratidae = Gomphocems, B. II, 243.
25. Cyrtoceratidae = Cyrtoceras, Chenu I, 73.
26. Orthoceratidae > Orthoceras, Chenu I, 59.
27. Ascoceratidae
Ascoceras, Barr. II, 334. AphragmiteSj Barr. II, 366, Glossoceras, Barr. II, 372.
28. Clyineniidae
29. Goniatitidae
30. Bactritidae
31. TiirriUtidae
(Goniatitoidea.]
= Clymenidae, Chenu I, 70. = Goniatites, Chenu I, 75. = JBactrites, Chenu I, 77.
(Ammonitoidea.}
TurriliteSj Chenu I, 95. HdicoceraS) Chenu I, 96. Heteroceras, Chenu I, 96.
32. Ceratitidae
33. Ammonitidae
34. Scaphitidae
35 . Crioceratidac
36. Ancyloceratidae
37. Hamitidae
38. Ptychoceratidae
39. Hamidinidae
40 . Toxoceratidae
41. Baculitidae
42. Baculinidae
CeratiteSj Chenu I, 76. Ammonites, Chenu I, 77. ScaphiteSj Chenu I, 91. Crioceras, Chenu I, 90. Ancyloceras, Chenu I, 92, Hamites, Chenu I, 93. PtyclioceraSj Chenu I, 94. Haimdina, Chenu I, 94. Toxoceras, Chenu I, 93.
Baculites, Chenu I7 95. Hacidina, Chenu I7 77.
CLASS B.— GASTEROPODA. SUB-CLASS DICECA.
ORDER III.— PECTINIBRANCHIATA.
SUB-ORDER TOXOGLOSSA.
43. Conidae = Conoidea, Tr. 16.
44. Pleurotomidae — Pleurotomacea, Tr. II, 38.
45. Melatomidae = Clionellidae, Stra. A. J. C.
1865, 62.
46. Haliidae = Haliacea, Tr. II, 36.
47. Terebridae == Terebracea, Tr. II, 27.
48. Cancellariidae = Cancellariacea, Tr. II, 45.
49. Admetidae = Admetacea, Tr. II, 46.
SUB-ORDER RHACHIGLOSSA. (Typica.)
50. Cystiscidae — Cystiscidae, Stm. A. J.C.I 865,
55.
51. Marginellidae < Marginellacea, Tr. II, 57.
52. Volutidae = Volutacea, Tr. II, 54.
( Yolutomitrina, Gray, 36.
a. Volutomitrinae . 0 1
( Amoriana, Gray, oo.
( Volutina, Gray, 32.
b. Volutinae i ^r ,.
( Yetma, Gray, 62.
(Odontoglossa.)
53. Fasciolariidae = Fasciolariacea, Tr. II, 60.
a. Fusinae
b. Fasciolariinae
54:. Mitridae = Mitracea, Tr. II, 66.
A-
(Duploliamata.}
55. Melongenidae = Cassidulina, Tr. II, 79.
56. Buccinidae < Fusacea, Tr. II, 69.
a. Photinae = Photina, Tr. II, 82.
b. Buccininae = Buccinina, Tr. II, 69.
c. Chrysodominae = Neptunina, Tr. II, 72.
57. Nassidae = Nassacea, Tr. II, 87.
a. Cyclonassinae
t>
b. Nassininae
58. Cynodontidae < Fusacea, Tr. II, 69.
a. Cynodontinae = Yasina, Tr. II, 84.
b. Imbricariinae = Imbricariina, Tr. II, 86. ?59. Turbinellidae < Yasidae, Ad. I, 155.
(Hamiglossa.)
60. Turridae = Strigatellacea, Tr. II, 202.
61. Olividae = Olivacea, Tr. II, 105.
a. Olivinae = Dactylina, Tr. II, 107.
b. Olivellinae = Olivellina, Tr. II, 110.
c. Ancillinae = Ancillina, Tr. II, 111.
62. Harpidae = Harpacea, Tr. II, 104.
6
63. Ptychatractidae = Ptyckatractidae, Stm. A. J. C.
1865, 59.
64. Muricidae
a. Muricinae = Muricea, Tr. II, 112.
b. Purpurinae = Purpuracea, Tr. II, 124.
(Atypoglossa.)
65. Colurabellidae = Colurubellacea, Tr. II, 97.
SUB-ORDER T^ENIOGLOSSA.
*•' i ii "Ti>B»^p—
GROUP ROSTRIFERA.
66. Pomatiidae = Poinatiacea, Tr. I, 65.
67. Cyclostomidae = Cyclostomacea, Tr. I, 68.
a. Licineinae = Licinea, Pfr. Pneum.
b. Cistulinae = Cistulea, Pfr. Pneum.
c. Cyclostominae = Cyclostoniea, Pfr. Pneum.
68. Cyclophoridae = Cyclotacea, Tr. I, 66.
a. Cyclotinae = Cyclotea, Pfr. Pneum.
b. Cyclophorinae = Cyclophorea, Pfr. Pneuin.
69. Pupinidae
a. Pupininae = Pupinea, Pfr. Pneum.
b. Diplommatininae Diplommatinacea, Pfr. Pneum.
#
70. Aciculidae = Aciculacea, Tr. I, 65.
71. Truncatellidae = Truncatellacea, Tr. I, 85.
#
72. Ampullariidae = Ampullariacea, Tr. I, 86.
*
73. Yalvatidae = Yalvatae, Tr. I, 95.
74. Viviparidae
a. Lioplacinae
b. Yiviparinae
75. Assiminiidae
76. Eissoellidae
77. Poinatiopsidae
78. Eissoidae
a. Amnicolinae
b. Eissoinae
c. Eissoininae
79. Skeneidae
80. Bytliiniidae
81. Fossaridae
82. Littorinidae
a. Lacuninae
b. Littorininae
83. Pvramidellidae
«/
84. Euliniidae
= Viviparidae, Gill. P. A. N. S. P.
1863, 33.
= Lioplaces, Gill, P. A. P. '63. = Vivipari, Gill, P. A. P. '63.
< Assiminiidae, Ad. II, 314. = Eissoellidae, Ad. I, 325.
= Pomatiopsinae, Stm. Hydr. 4, 29-36.
< Eissoidae, Stm. Hydr. 3.
= Hydrobiinae, Stm. Hydr. 5.
= Eissoinae, Stm. Hydr. 5.
= Eissoininae, Stm. Hydr. 5.
= Skeneinae, Stm. Hydr. 5.
= Bythiniinae, Stm. Hydr. 5. = Fossari, Tr. I, 153. > Littorinae, Tr. I, 129.
Pyramidellidae, Ad. I, 228. Eulimidfie, Ad. I, 235.
85. Styliferidae = Styliferidae, Ad. I, 238.
86. Ceriphasiidae == Strepomatidae, Tr'n A. J. C.
1865.
87. Melanopidae = Pachycheili, Tr. I, 113.
88. Melaniidae
8
a. Mclaniinae = Mclaniae, Tr. I, 121. * :i
b. Tiarinae = Thiarac, Tr. I, 112.
c. Paludominae
89. Ccrithiopsidae < Cerithia, Tr. I, 139.
90. Cerithiidae < Cerithiacea, Tr. I, 138.
a. Cerithiinae < Cerithia, Tr. I, 139.
b. Potamidinae = Potamides, Tr. I, 145.
91. Planaxidae < Planaxes, Tr. I, 149.
92. Caecidae = Caecidae, Cpr. P. Z. S. 1858,
413.
93. Yermetidae < Vermetacea, Mch.P.Z.S. 1861,
1862.
94. Tenagodidae < Vermetacea, Mch. P. Z. S. 1861,
1862.
95. Turritellidae = Turritellae, Tr. I, 152.
96. Trichotropidae = Trichotropidae, Tr. I, 164.
*
97. Hipponicidae = Hipponicidae, Tr. I, 162.
98. Capulidae < Capulacea, Tr. I, 156. $
99. Calyptriidae = Calyptrseidae,Gray,P.Z.S.'67,
726.
100. Neritopsidae *— Neritopsidae, Gray 51.
101. Onustidae = Onustidae, Tr. I, 190.
102. Strombidae = Alata, Tr. I, 191.
a. Strombinae = Strombinae, Gill, A. J. C.
1870
9
b. Seraphyinae = Seraphyinae, Gill, A. J. C.
1870.
103. Aporrhaidae = Aporrhaidae, Tr. I, 199.
(Diffitiglossa.)
104. Pediculariidae = Pediculariacea, Tr. I, 189.
105. Amphiperasidae= Ainphiperasidae, Tr. I, 216,
ROSTRUM WITH IXTERTIBLE TIP.
106. Cypraeidae = Cypraeaeea, Tr. I, 201.
a. Cypraeinae
b. Pustulariinae
107. Triviidae = Triviacea, Tr. I, 214.
a. Triviinae
b. Eratoinae
*
108. Marseniidae = Marseniidae, Tr. I, 185.
109. Velutinidae = Velutinidae, Tr. I, 165.
110. Naticidae = Naticacea, Tr. I, 169.
GROUP PROBOSCIDIFERA.
\
111. Pyrulidae = Sycotypidae, Tr. I, 238.
112. Doliidae = Doliacea, Tr. I, 224. /
113. Cassididae = Cassidea, Tr. I, 220. ?
114. Ranellidae = Ranellacea, Tr. I, 227.
115. Tritonidae = Tritoniacea, Tr. I, 231.
10
SUB-ORDER PTENOGLOSSA.
116. lanthinidae = lanthinidae, Gray, Guide, 53.
117. Solariidae = Architectonidae, Gray, Guide,
62.
118. Scalariidae = Scalariadae, Gray, Guide, 52.
ORDER IV.— HETEROPODA.
119. Atlantidae = Atlantacea, Tr. I, 41.
120. Carinariidae = Carinariacea, Tr. I, 42.
121. Pterotrachaei- = Firolacea, Tr. I, 43.
dae
ORDER V.— RHIPHIDOGLOSSA.
SUB-ORDER PODOPHTHALMA. (Pseudobrancliia.]
122. Hydrocaenidae = Hydrocaenacea, Tr. I, 83.
123. Stoastomidae = Stoastomidae, Chitty, P. Z. S.
1857, 162.
124. Helicinidae = Helicinacea, Tr. I, 75.
125. Proserpinidae = Proserpinacea, Tr. I, 84.
(Neritacea.)
126. Neritidae = Neritinidae, Gray, 136.
(Trochacea.)
127. Rotellidae = Rotelladae, Gray, 139.
128. Turbinidae = Turbinidae, Gray, 141.
129. Liotiidae = Liotiadae, Gray, 146.
11
130. Trochidae = Trochidae, Gray, 147.
131. Stomatellidae = Stoinatellidae, Gray, 158.
(Pleurotomariacea ?)
132. Pleurotomarii- < Pleurotomaridae, Br. Kef. Th.
dae III, 1037.
133. Scissurellidae = Seissurellidae, Gray, 160.
/\
(Haliotaeea.) 134. Haliotidae = Haliotidae, Gray, 161.
(Maduraeacea.)
135. Maduraeidae = Madureadae, Cpr., Lect. 68.
SUB-ORDER DICRANOBRANCHIA. (Fissurellacea.)
136. Fissurellidae < Fissurellidae, Gray, 162.
137. Ernarginulidae < Fissurellidae, Gray, 162.
(Better opli ontaeea . )
138. Belleropliontidae = Betterophontidae, Meek, P. C.
A. S., I, 9.
ORDER YL— DOCOGLOSSA.
SUB-ORDER PROTEOBRANCHIA.
139. Acrnaeidae = Acmaeidae, Ball, A. J. C. 1870.
140. Patellidae = Patellidae, Dall, A. J. C. 1870.
12
SUB-ORDER ABRANCHIA.
141. Lepetidae = Lepetidae, Ball, A. J. C. 1869,
140.
ORDER YIL— POLYPLACOPHORA.
142. Chitonidae < Chitonidae, Gray, 177.
143. Chitonellidae < Chitonidae, Gray, 177.
SUB-CLASS PULMONIFERA.
ORDER VIII.— PULMONATA.
SUB-ORDER GEOPHILA.
( Oculiferous tentacles invertible.)
(Agnatlia.]
144. Oleacinidae < Testacellea, Alb. Mart. 22.
145. Streptaxidae = Streptaxidae, Gray, A.M. N.H.
VI, 1860, 268.
146. Testacellidae < Testacellea, Alb. Mart. 22.
(Goniognatha.}
147. Orthalicidae = Orthalicea, Alb. Mart. 209.
(Holognatha.)
148. Cylindrellidae = Cylindrellidae, Or. & F., J. 0.
1870, 5.
149. Pupidae < Pupacea, Alb. Mart. 228.
13
150. Helicidae < Helicacea, Alb. Mart. 80.
151. Vitrinidae == Vitrinea, Alb. Mart. 43.
(Togata.}
152. Philomycidae = Philomycenidae,Gray,A.M.N'.
H. VI, I860, 269.
(Sitbnuda.)
153. Cryptellidae = Cryptellidae, Gray, A. M. NML
VI, 1860, 269.
154. Parmacellidae = Parmacellidae, Gray, A. M.
H. VI, 1860, 268. #
155. Limacidae < Limacidae, Ad. II, 217.
156. Arionidae = Arionidae, Ad. II, 227.
(Elasmognatha.)
157. Succinidae = Succinea, Alb. Mart. 308,
158. Janellidae = Janellidae, Ad. II, 227.
(OciMferous tentacles simply contractile.}
159. Vaginulidae .== Veronicellidae, Ad. II, 231.
160. Onchidiidae = Onchidiidae, Ad. II, 232.
SUB-OKDER BASOMMATOPHOKA. (Limnopliila.)
161. Chilinidae = Chilinidae, Ball, A. L. N. Y.
IX, 357, 1870.
162. Physidae = Physidae, Dall, A. L. N. Y.
IX, 355, 1870,
14
163. Ancylidae = Ancylidac, Dall, A. L. N. Y.
IX, 354, 1870.
164. Liinnaeidae = Liinnaeidae, Dall, A..L. N. Y.
IX, 348, 1870. #
165. Otinidae = Otininae, Ad. I, 249.
166. Auriculidae = Ellobiinae, Ad. I, 236.
(Petrophila.}
167. Siphonariidae = Siphonariidae, Dall, A. J. C.
1870, 8.
168. Gadiniidae = Gadiniidae, Dall, A.J.C.1870,
30.
(Thcdassophila.)
169. Amphibolidae = Amphibolidae, Ad. II, 268.
SUB-CLASS OPISTHOBRANCHIATA.
ORDER IX.— TECTIBRANCHIATA.
A
170. Philinidae < Philinidae, Gray, 191.
171. Amphyspiridae = Ampjiyspiradae, Gray, 194.
••1*
*•*
172. Ringiculidae = Eingiculidae, Meek, C. L. I. F.
N. A., Cret., 16, 34.
173. Actaeonidae < Actaeonidae, Meek, Sill. J.
XXXV, 84.
15
174. Adaeonellidae < Adaeonidae, Meek, Sill. J.
XXXV, 84. #
175. Cylichnidae = Bullinadae, Gray, 195.
#
176. Bullidae = Bullidae, Gray, 196.
177. Amplustridae = Amplustridae, Gray, 197.
#
178. Lophocercidae = Lophocercidae, Gray, 201.
179. Aplysiidae = Aplysiadae, Gray, 198.
B.
180. Runcinidae = Runcinadae, Gray, 204.
*
181. Tylodinidae — Tylodinadae, Gray, 203.
182. Umbrellidae = Unibrelladae, Gray, 204.
183. Pleurobranchii-
dae = Pleurobranchidae, Gray, 201.
ORDER X.— NUDffiRANCHIATA.
SUB-ORDER PYGOBRANCHIA.
184. Doridopsidae = Doridopsidae, A. & H., T. Z. S.
1864, 124. #
185. Dorididae = Doriclidae, Gray, 208.
186. Onchidorididae — Onchidoridae, Gray, 206.
#
187. Goniodorididae = Goniodoridae, Gray, 211.
188. Polyceridae < Polyceraclae, Gray, 213.
189. Triopidae > Triopidae, Gray, 214.
190. Ceratosomidae = Ceratosomidae, Gray, 215.
16
SUB-ORDER POLYBRANCHIA.
(Inferobrancliia. )
191. Phyllidiidae = Phyllidiadae, Gray, 216.
192. Diphyllidiidae = Diphyllidiadae, Gray, 216.
(Polybranchia.)
193. Tritoniidae = Tritoniadae, Gray, 217.
194. Scyllaeidae = Scyllaeidae, Gray, 218.
( Ceratobrancliia.)
(Section 1.)
(A.)
195. Dendronotidae = Dendronotidae, Gray, 219.
196. Heroidae — Heroidae, Gray, 221.
197. Tethyidae = Tethyadae, Gray, 219.
198. Dotoidae = Dotonidae, Gray, 222.
199. Proctonotidae = Proctonotidae, Gray, 220.
200. Glaucidae = Glaucidae, Gray, 222.
201. Eolididae = Eolididae, Gray, 223.
(Section 2.)
202. Fionidae = Fionidae, Gray, 227.
203. Hermaeidae = Hermaeidae, Gray, 227.
SUB-ORDER PELLIBRANCHIATA. (Tribe 1.)
204. Elysiidae = Elysiadae, Gray, 228.
205. Limapontiidae = Limapontiadae, Gray, 229.
17
(Tribe 2.) 206. Phyllirrhoidae = Phyllirhoidae, Gray, 230.
SUB-ORDER ENTOCONCHACEA.
207. Entoconchidae = Heterosalpinx, Baur, N. A. A.
L. C. XXXI.
SUB-CLASS PTEROPODA.
ORDER XL— THECOSOMATA.
208. Limacinidae = Limacinacea, Tr. I, 50.
209. Hyalidae = Hyalacea, Tr. I, 50.
210. Cymbuliidae = Cymbuliacea, Tr. I, 53.
211. Conulariidae = Conulariidae, Br. Th. Ill, 645.
212. HijolitUdae = Tlietidae, Br. Th. Ill, 646.
ORDER XIL— GYMNOSOMATA
214. Clionidae = Clionacea, Tr. I, 54.
215. Pneuraodermo-
nidae = Pneumodermacea, Tr. I, 56.
216. Cymodoceidae = Pterocyinodoceidae, Br. Th.
Ill, 645.
SUB-CLASS PROSOPQCEPHALA.
ORDER XIIL— SOLEXOCOXCH^E.
217. Dentaliidae = Dentaliidae, Br. Th. Ill, 523.
2
13
CLASS C.— CONCHIFERA.
ORDER XIY.— DIMYARIA.
(Pholadacea.}
218. Aspergillidae < Gastrochaenidae, Try on, P. A.
K S. P., 1861, 465.
219. Gastrochaenidae < Gastrochaenidae, Tryon, P. A.
N. S. P., 1861, 465.
» * *
220. Tereclinidae = Teredidae. Tryon. P. A. N. S.
i/ /
P., 1862, 453.
221. Pholadidae = Pholadidae, Tryon, P. A. N. S.
P., 1862, 191.
222. Solenidae
223. Solecurtidae
224. Saxicavidae
225. Myidae
226. Corbulidae
227. Pandoridae
228. Anatinidae
\
229. Myochamidae
(Solenacea.)
< Solenacees, Desh. 1860, 143.
< Solenacees, Desh. I860, 143.
•
(Myacea.}
= Glycimerides, Desh. 1860, 165.
< Myaires, Desh. 1860, 182.
< Myaires, Desh. 1860, 182. = Pandoridae, Desh. 1860, 238.
< Osteodesmidae, Desh. 1860,
245. = Myochamidae, Cpr. Lect. 103.
19
230. Pholadomyidae = Pholadomyaclae, Desk. 1860,
270.
( Veneracea.}
231. Mactridae < Mactracea, Desk 1860, 281.
232. Mesodesmidae = Mesodesmides, Desh. 1860,
. 297.
233. Amphidesmidae = Amphidesmidae, Desh. 1860,
297. *
234. Tellinidae = Tellinidae, Desh. I860, 314.
235. Psainrnobiidae = Psammobidae, Desh. 1860,
364.
236. Donacidae = Donacidae, Desh. I860, 387.
237. Petricolidae = Lithophaga, Desh. 1860, 400.
238. Yeneridae < Conchae, Desh. 1860, 407.
239. Glauconomidae = Glauconomyadae, Ad. II; 442.
(Corbiculacea.)
240. Cyrenidae = Cycladae, Gray, Turton, 250.
241. Pisidiidae = Pisidiidae, Gray, Turton, 263.
242. Cyrenoididae = Cyrenoididae, Ad. II, 452.
(JDreissenaeea.)
243. Dreissenidae = Dreissenidae, Ad. II, 52
.
(Cardiacea.)
244. Veniliidae = Cyprinidae, Ad. II, 443.
245. Glossidae < Bucardiidae Ad. II, 460.
20
246. Carcliidae
247. Adacnidae
< Cardiacea, Desh. 1860, 527.
< Cardiacea, Desh. 1860, 527,
(Chamacea.) 248. Chamidae = Chamacea, Desh. 1860, 577,
249. Lucinidae
250. Ungulinidae
251. Erycinidae
252. Cyamiidae
253. Leptonidae
254. Galeommidae
(Lucinacea.)
< Lucinidae, Desh. 1860, 588,
< Ungulinidae, Ad. II, 470.
< Laseidae, Ad. II, 473.
< Laseidae, Ad. II, 473.
< Leptonidae, Ad. II, 477.
< Galeommidae, Ad. II, 479.
(Solemyacea.) 255. Solemyidae = Soleniyadae, Desh. 1860, 728.
256. Crassatellidae
257. Carditidae
( Carditacea.)
= Crassatellidae, Desh. 1860, 733.
= Carditae, Desh. 1860, 751.
(Naiades.)
258. Unionidae < Unionidae, Ad. II, 489.
259. Iridinidae = Mutelidae, Ad. II, 505.
260. Mycetopodidae = Mycetopodidae, Gray, P. Z. S.,
1847, 197.
•
(Mueller acea.)
261. ^Etheriidae < jEtheriidae, Ad. II, 509.
262. Muelleriidae < jEtheriidae, Ad. II, 509.
21
263.- Trigoniidae
264. Nuculidae
265. Lediclae
266. Arcidae
(Trigoniacea.] = Trigonea, Desh. 1860, 805,
(Arcacea.)
= JSTuculidae, Ad. II, 544.
= Lediclae, Ad. II, 546.
= Arcacea, Desh. 1860, 832.
ORDER XV.— METARRHIPTAE.
267. Tridacnidae
= Tridacnides, Vaill, A. S. IV, 1865, 64.
ORDER XVI.— HETEROMYARIA.
268. Mvtilidae
Mytilidae, Ad. II, 511.
ORDER XVIL— MONOMTAEIA.
269. Pinnidae
270. Pteriidae
271. Vulsellidae
(Aviculacea.)
= Pinnidae, Meek, Sill. J.
XXXVII, 212. = Pteriidae, Meek, Sill. J.
xxxvn, 212.
= Vulsellidae, Ad. II, 523.
(Pedinacea.) 272. Spondylidae = Spondylidae, Ad. II, 559.
22
273. Limidae
274, Pectinidae
277. Ostreidae
278. Eligmidae
Radulidac, Ad. II, 55G. Pectinidae, Ad. II, 550.
(Anomiacea.)
275. Placunidae = Placunidae, Carp. Lect. 123.
276. Anomiidae = Anomiadae, Carp. Lect. 123.
(Ostracea.)
= Ostracea, Ad. II, 567.
= Eligmus, Eudes Desl. M. L. S, N., X, 272,
ORDER XVIIL— RUDISTA.
279. Hippuritidae
280. Radiolitidae
281. Caprinellidae
282. Caprinidae
283. Caprotinidae
< Hippuritidae, Woodw. Man.
1866, 440.
< Hippuritidae, Woodw. Man.
1866, 440.
< Hippuritidae, Woodw. Man.
1866, 440.
< Hippuritidae, "Woodw. Man.
1866, 440.
< Hippuritidae, Woodw. Man.
1866, 440.
23
(SUB-BRANCH MOLLUSCOIDEA.)
CLASS D.— TUMCATA.
ORDER XIX.— SACCOBRANCHIA.
(Solitaria.)
284. Pelonaeidae = Pelonaeidae, Br. HI, 216.
285. Chelyosomidae < Ascidiadae, Br. Ill, 218.
286. Ascidiidae < Ascidiadae, Br. Ill, 218.
287. Bolteniidae < Ascidiadae, Br. Ill, 218.
#
2S7a< Rhodosomidae = Rhodosoma, Crosse, J. C. XV,
1877, 101.
(Sociales.)
(S. Peropliomcea.)
288. Perophoridae < Clavellinidae, Br. HI, 217.
(S. Clavellinacea.]
289. Clavellinidae < Clavellinidae, Br. Ill, 217.
(Aggregate,.)
290. Sigillinidae < Didemninae, Br. Ill, 217. 290fl- Didemnidae < Didemninae, Br. Ill, 217.
291. Leptoclinidae < Didemninae, Br. Ill, 217.
24
292. Polyclinidae < Polyclininae, Br. Ill, 217.
293. Synoeciidae < Polyclininae, Br. Ill, 217.
#
294. Botryllidae = BotryUidae, Br. Ill, 217.
ORDER XX.— DACTYLOBRANCHIA.
295. Pyrosomidae = Pyrosomatidae, Br. HI, 216.
ORDER XXL— TAENIOBRANCHIA.
296. Doliolidae = Doliolidae, Br. El, 216.
#
297. Salpidae — Salpidae, Br. Ill, 216.
ORDER XXIL— LARYALIA.
298. Appendicula- = Appendiculariadae, Br. Ill,
riidae 216.
25
CLASS E.— BRACHIOPODA/
ORDER XXIIL— ARTHROPOMATA.
(Aneylopoda.)
299. Terebratulidae < Terebratulidae, Dav. Int. 61. a. Terebratuli- = Terebratulinae, Ball, A. J.
C. 1870. = Stringocephalinae, Dall, A.
J. C. 1870. = Magasinae, Dall, A. J. C.
1870. = Kraussininae, Dall7 A. J. C.
1870. = Platidiinae, Dall, A. J. C.
1870. = Megathyrinae, Dall, A. J.
1870.
300. Thecidiidae = Thecideidae, Day. Int. 76.
nae
b. Strinyocepha-
linae
c. Magasinae
d. Kraussininae
e. Platidiinae
f. Megathyrinae
(Helictopoda.)
301. Spiriferidae < Spiriferidae, Dav. Int. 79.
302. Airypidae < Spiriferidae, Dav. Int. 90.
303. Koninckinidae = Koninckinidae, Dav. Int. 92.
304. Rhynchonellidae= Rhynchonellidae, Dav. Int. 93.
a. Pentamerinae
b. Rhynckonelli-
nae
26
305. Strophomcnidae = Stropliomenidae, Dav. M. L. S.
N., X, 191. a. Poramboniti-
nae = Porambonitidae, Dav. Int. 99.
1). Strophomeni-
nae = Stroplwmenidae, Dav. Int. 101.
c. Davidsoninae = Davidsonidae, Dav. Int. 109.
306. Productidae = Productidae, Dav. Int. 112.
' ORDER XXIV.— LYOPOMATA.
307. Craniidae = Craniadae, Dav. Int. 123.
308. Discinidae = Discinidae, Dav. Int. 125.
309. Lingulidae = Lingulidae, Dall. A. J. C. VI,
1870.
/
a. Lingulinae = Lingulinae, Dall. A. J. C.
VI, 1870.
b. Obolinae = OboUnae, Dall, A. J. C. VI,
1870.
27
CLASS R— POLYZOA.
ORDER XXV.— PHYLACTOL^MATA.
SUB-ORDER LOPHOPODIA.
310. Pectinatellidae = Pectinatellidae, Hyatt, P. E. I.
1864-66.
311. Cristatellidae = Cristatellidae, Hyatt, P. E. I.
1864-66.
312. Plumatellidae = Plumatellidae, Hyatt, P. E. I.
1864-66.
SUB-ORDER PEDICELLIXEA.
313. Pedicellinidae = Pedicellinidae, Bronn, III, 86.
ORDER XXVL— GYMNOLJEMATA.
SUB-ORDER URNATELLEA.
314. Urnatellidae = Urnatellidae, Bronn, III, 86.
SUB-ORDER PALUDICELLEA.
315. Paludicellidae = Paludicellidae, Bronn, III, 86.
SUB-ORDER CHILOSTOMATA. (Incrustata or Rigida.]
316. Selenariidae = Selenariadae, Bronn, III, 86.
317. Steginoporidae = Steginoporidae, Bronn, III, 86.
28
318. Eschariporidae = Eschariporiclac, Bronn, III, 86.
319. Porellinidae = Porellinidae, Bronn, III, 8G.
320. Pordlidae = PoreUidac, Bronn, 111, 86.
321. Escharellidae = Escharellidae, Bronn, III, 86.
322. Escharellinidae = Escharellinidae, Bronn, III, 86.
323. Porinidae = Porinidae, Bronn, III, 86.
324. Escharinellidae = Escharinellidae, Bronn, III, 85.
325. Escharidae = Escharidae, Bronn, III, 85.
326. Flustrinidae = Flustrinidae, Bronn, III, 85.
327. Flustrellidae = Flustrellidae, Bronn, III, 85.
328. Flustrellariidae = Flustrellariadae, Bronn, III,
85.
329. Hippothoidae = Hippothoidae, Bronn, III, 84.
(Radicellata.) (Radicellata flexilia.]
330. Gemellariidae = Gemellariadae, Bronn, III, 84.
331. Farciniinariidae — Farciminariadae, Bronn, III,
84.
332. Flustridae = Flustridae, Bronn, III, 84.
333. Bicellariidae = Bicellariadae, Bronn, III, 84.
334. Electrinidae = Electrinidae, Bronn, III, 84.
335. Scrupariidae = Scrupariadae, Bronn, III, 83.
(Radicellata articulata. )
336. Salicornariidae = Salicornariadae, Bronn, III, 83.
337. Cellulariidae = Cellulariadae, Bronn, III, 83.
338. Catenicellidae = Catenicellidae, Bronn, III, 83.
29
SUB-ORDER CTENOSTOMATA.
339. Hislopiidae •= Hislopiadae, Bronn, III, 83.
340. Alcyonidiidae = Alcyonidiadae, Bronn>, III, 83.
341. Yesiculariidae = Vesiculariadae, Bronn, III, S3.
SUB-ORDER CYCLOSTOMATA. (Articiilata.}
342. Crisiidae = Crisiadae, Bronn, III, 82.
(Inarticulate,.}
(Inarticulata opercidata.}
343. Eleidae = Eleidae, Bronn, III, 82.
344. Myriozoidae = Myriozoidae, Bronn, III, 82,
(Inarticula ta fasc iculata . )
345. Fascigeridae = Fascigeridae, Bronn, III, 82,
346. Fasciporidae = Fasdporidae, Bronn, III, 81,
(Inarticulata tiibulata.)
347. Tubigeridae = Tubigeridae, Bronn, III, 81.
348. Sparsidae = Sparsidae, Bronn, III, 80.
349. Clausidae = Clausidae, Bronn, III, 80.
350. Crisinidae = Crisinidae, Bronn, III, 80,
351. Caveidae = Caveidae, Bronn, III, 79.
(Inarticulata foraminata.}
352. Ceidae = Ceidae, Bronn, III, 79.
353. Cavidae = Cavidae, Bronn, III, 79.
354. Cytidae = Cytidae, Bronn, III, 79.
355. Crescidae = Crescidae, Bronn, III, 79,
30
ORDER XXVII?— RHABDOPLEURAE.
356. Rhabdopleuri- = Rkabdopleura, Allm. Q. J. M. dae S., IX, n. s.7 57.
LIST OF AUTHORS REFERRED TO.
The following enumeration of works is chiefly intended to explain the abbrevia- tions used in connection with the preceding list of families, and as the works most accessible to students generally have been used, whenever they could be referred to in explanation of the limits of families adopted, titles of the most elaborate and valuable monographs and catalogues of families and other groups have been entirely omitted, although the compiler has been fortunate enough to be enabled to make use of them. Special monographs have only been referred to when the groups in connection with which they are cited have not been limited in the same manner in general works.
In order, however, to facilitate the use of the list, as well as reference to the series in question, Mr. Lovell Reeve's " Conchologia iconica" has been catalogued, and all the monographs hitherto published enumerated, with references to the families to which the respective genera belong in the present system.
For the information of students, and because it is information often desired, the publishers' prices of most of the works cited are given, in the currency of the country where they were published. Many of the separate monographs reprinted from journals can be obtained from the second-hand book dealers — especially the German — and from the Naturalists' Agency of Salem, Mass., but at varying prices.
In order to secure uniformity of typography, only the initial letters of the charac- teristic words are capital, the example of the learned brothers Grimm, as well as other German writers, sanctioning such usage for their language. The punctuation of the respective title-pages is adopted.
ADAMS (Henry and Arthur). The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged ac- cording to their organization. .... In three volumes. .... Vol. I. [-] III. — London : John Van Voorst, .... 1858. [8vo., V. I, 484 pp.; V. II, 2 p. 1. 661 pp. ; Atlas, 3 p. 1. 138 pi. w. 138 1. opposite. Published in 36 parts, 1st Jan. 1853— 1st Nov. 1858, at 2 sh. 6 d., plain ; 5 sh., animals colored, per part.]
ALBBRS (Johann Christian). Die Heliceen nach natiirlicher verwandtschaft systematise!! geordnet von Joh. Christ. Albers, .... Zweite ausgabe nach dem hinterlassenen manuskript besorgt von Eduard von Martens. Leip- zig, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. 1860. [8vo., xviii. 359pp.— 3 th. 7^ngr.J
ALDER (Joshua) and Albany HANCOCK. A monograph of the British Nuclibranchiate mollusca : with figures of all the species. .... London : Printed for the Ray Society, 1845. [Imp. 4to., 5 p. 1. 54 pp. 138 1., xl pp. 1 1., 83 pi. Published in parts, 1845-55. ]
[The arrangement of the Nudibranchiata is mostly adopted from Alder and Hancock (op. cit. pp. xiv.— xxiv.). In place, however, of the single family
(31)
Dorididae, two (185, 186) are adopted ; four (187, 188, 189, 190) instead of the Polyceridae, and two (195, 196) disintegrated from the Heroidae.]
ALDER (Joshua) and Albany HANCOCK. Notice of a collection of Nudi- branchiate mollusca made in India by Walter Elliott, Esq., with descriptions of several new genera and species. (1863.) <: Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, V, 1866, 113-147, pi. 28-33.
ALLMAN (George James). On Rhabdopleura, a new form of polyzoa, from deep-sea dredging in Shetland. < Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science : [etc.], IX, n. s., 1869, 57—63, pi. 8.
AMERICAN Journal of Conchology. Volume I. [— ] II. Edited by George W.
Tryon, Jr., .... Philadelphia: George W. Tryon, Jr., 625 Market Street.
1865 [ — ] 1866. [Published quarterly, at $3 per number, or $10 per year.] The same. Volume III. [ — ] V. Published by the Conchological section of
the Academy of Natural Sciences. .... Philadelphia : Conchological section
of the Academy of Natural Sciences. • • • . 1867 [— ] 1870. [Published at $10
per annum, payable in advance. ]
BARRANDE (Joachim). Caracteres distinctifs des Nautilides, Goniatides et Arnmonides. — Etablissement du genre Nothoceras, .... < Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France. 2e serie. XIII, 372-389, pi. 11—12, 1856.
[The genera enumerated in this article are co-equal with and arranged in the same sequence as the families of Goniatitoidea and Ammonitoidea, which are equivalent to the families Nautilides and Goniatides of Barrande.]
Systeme silurien du centre de la Bohe'me .... l«re partie : Recherches
paleontologiques. Vol. II. Texte. Classe des mollusques. Ordre des Cepha- lopodes. 1867. Chez 1'auteur et editeur | a Prague .... a Paris, .... [4to., xxxvi, 712pp.— 40 fr.]
The same. [Atlas.] l^re partie : Recherches paleontologiques. Vol. II. Cepha-
lopodes. [l^re—gme Serie, as below.] 1865 [-] 1868. Chez 1'auteur et edi- teur | a Prague, .... a Paris, .... [4to.]
sgrie : Planches 1 a 107. 1865. [100 fr.]
serie : Planches 105 a 244. 1866. [125 fr.]
serie : Planches 245 a 350. 1868. [140 fr.]
BAUR (Albert). Beitrage zur naturgeschichte der Synapta digitata. Dritte
abhandlung: Die eingeweideschnecke (Helicosyrinx parasita) in der leibes- hohle der Synapta digitata. «... Dresden. DruckvonE. Blochmann& sohn. 1864. [4to., 2 p. 1. 119 pp. pi. vi. — viii.] <Novorum Actorurn Academics Cresarese Leopoldino-Carolinoe naturae curiosorum XXXI. 1864.
BRONN (Heinrich Georg). Die klassen und ordnungen des Thierreichs, wissen- schaftlich dargestellt in wort und bild .... Dritter band. Malacozoa • • • . Leipzig und Heidelberg. C. F. Winter'sche verlagshandlung, 1862-66. [Pub- lished in 48 parts, 8vo., 1862-66, at £ th. per part, and bound in 2 vols., with double titles, general and special, viz :]
III, 1. Die klassen und ordnungen der Weichthiere (Malacozoa), wissenschaft- lich dargestellt in wort und bild. Von Dr. H. G. Bronn, .... Dritten band erste abtheilung. Kopflose Weichthiere (Malacozoa Acephala). « « - . [2 titles, pp. 1-518, pi. 44, w. 44 opp. expl. 1. 1862.]
III, 2. Dr. H. G. Bronn's klassen und ordnungen der Weiclitliiere Qlala- cozoa), wissenschaftlich dargestellt iu wort und bild. Fortgesetzt yon Willielm Kcferstein, M. D. • • • . Dritten bandes zweite abtheilung. Kopftragende "Weiclitliiere Qlalacozoa Cephalopliora). • • • . [2 titles, pp. 521-1500, pi. 45-136, w. 92 opp. expl. 1. 18G2-66.]
CARPENTER (Philip P . . .). First steps towards a monograph of the Crc- cidse, a family of rostriferous gasteropoda. < Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part XXVI, 1858, 413 — 144.
Lectures on Mollusca; or, "shell-fish" and their allies. Prepared for the
Smithsonian Institution, by Philip P. Carpenter, B. A., Ph. D., of Warrington, England. •< Annual report of the board of regents of the Smithsonian Insti- tution, ... for ... 18GO, 1SG1, 151—283.
[Reprinted, with index, 140pp., Washington, I860.]
CHENU (Jean Charles). Manuel de conchyliologie et de paleontologie conchy- liologique par le Dr. J. C. Chenu • • • . Paris | Librairie Victor Masson 1859 [-] 62. [8vo., 2 v. I, 2 p. 1. vii, 508 pp. ; II, 3 p. 1. 327 pp. Published in 3 parts, 1859-61 (£ 12.50 -f- 12.50+20 = 45 fr. ; reduced now to 32 fr.]
CHITTTT (Ed-ward). On Stoastornidse as a family, and on seven proposed new genera, sixty-one new species, and two new varieties from Jamaica. < Pro- ceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part XXA", 1857, pp. 162 — 201.
CROSSE (H • « • ). Note sur un genre [Rhodosorna] intermediare entre les ascidiens et les mollusqnes lamellibranches. < Journal de conchyliologie, v. XV (3e serie, t. VII), 1867, 101—107.
CROSSE (H • • •) and Paul FISCHER. Etude sur la machoire et 1' armature linguale des Cylindrellidse et des quelques genres voisins sous la rapport con- chy liologique. < Journal de conchyliologie, v. XVIII (3e serie. t. X), 1870, 5—27, pi. 3—5.
DALL (William Healey). Materials for a monograph of the family Lepetidoe.
< American Journal of Conchology. V, 140 — 150, PL xv. 1870. Materials toward a monograph of the Gadiuiida?. <Ib. VI, 8 — 22, pi. 2
and 4, fig. 1—3, 12—13. 1870. Remarks on the anatomy of the genus Siphonaria, with a description of a
new species. <Ib. VI, 30 — 41, pi. 4 — 5. 1870. On the genus Pornpholyx and its allies, with a revision of the Limnseidse
of authors. •< Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York. IX,
333—361 ; PI. ii. 1870.
A revision of the Terebratulidse and Lingulidse, with remarks on, and de- scriptions of, some recent forms. <: American Journal of Conchology. VI.
88—168, pi. 6, 7, and 8. 1870. On the limpets ; with special reference to the species of the west coast of
America, and to a more natural classification of the group. <Ib. VI, 1870.
(In press.)
DAVIDSON (Thomas). British fossil Brachiopoda. By Thomas Davidson, Esq., F.G.S., • • • . Vol. I. "\Vith a general introduction: I. On the anatomy of Terebratula. By Professor Owen, .... II. On the intimate structure of
3
34
the shells of the Brachiopoda. By Professor Carpenter, .... III. On the
classification of the Brachiopoda. By Thomas Davidson, • • • . London :
Printed for the Palseontographical Society. 1851 — 1854. [4to. 1 p. 1. 136 pp. 9 pi. w. 9 1. expl.]
DAVIDSON (Thomas). Introduction a 1'histoirc naturelle dcs Brachiopodes vivants et fossiles, ou considerations generalcs sur la classification de ces etres en families et en genres ; par Thomas Davidson, Esq., • • • . Traduit de 1'Anglais par M. Eudes-Deslongchamps, . . . ; et par M. Eugene Eudes- Deslongchamps, .... <Memoires de la Societe linueene de Normandie. X, 1856, 71—271, pi. 6—14, with 9 1. exphm.
[A translation of the third part of the preceding work, with modifications by the author.]
DESK A YES (Gerard Paul). Description des animaux sans vertebres decou- verts dans la bassin de Paris pour servir de supplement a la Description des coquilles fossiles des environs de Paris comprenant une revue generale de toutes
les especes actuellernent connues, par G-. P. Deshayes. — [See "Contents."]
Paris, J. B. Bailliere et fils, • •'• . 1860 [— ] 1866. [50 livr., cliaque livr. 5 fr.]
CONTENTS.
Tome premier. — Texte. Mollusques Acephales Dimyaires. Accompagne d'un Atlas de 89 planches. . • • 1860. [2 p. 1. 912 pp.]
Tome deuxieme. — Texte. Mollusques Acephales Monomyaires et Brachio- podes. Mollusques Cephales. Premiere partie. Accompagne d'un Atlas de 64 planches. (Planches 1 a 64.) ... 1864. [3 p. 1. 968 pp.]
Tome troisieme. — Texte. Mollusques Cephales, deuxieme partie. Mollusques Cephalopodes. Accompagne d'un Atlas de 42 planches. (Planches 65 a 107.) • • • 1866. [2 p. 1. 667pp.]
Atlas. Tome premier. — (89 planches.) Mollusques Acephales. • • • 1860. [2p.l. [92] pp. [89] pi.]
Atlas. Tome deuxieme. — (107 planches.) Mollusques Cephales et Mollusques Cephalopodes. ... 1866." [2 p. 1. 107 pp. 107 pi.]
[This wTork is cited as containing the latest general revision of the classi- fication of the Conchifera, by one who has perhaps devoted more attention to
those animals than any other naturalist. ]
DESLONGCHAMPS (Jacques Arxnand Eudes). Description d'un nouveau genre de coquilles bivalves fossiles Eligrnus, provenant de la grande oolithe du depart ement du Calvados ; .... <Mernoires de la Societe linneene de Nor- mandie. X, 1856, 272—293, pi. 15—16.
GILL (Theodore Nicholas). Systematic arrangement of the mollusks of the family Viviparida?, and others, inhabiting the United States. < Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1863, 33 — 40.
On the family Strombid:>e, and its classification. < American Journal of
Conchology. (Not yet published.)
GRAY (John Edward). Catalogue of the Mollusca in the collection of the British Museum. Part I. Cephalopoda Antepedia. Printed by order of the trustees. London: 1849. [12mo. viii, 164 pp. — 4sh.]
35
GRAY (John Edward. ) A list of the genera of recent Mollnsca, their synonyma
and types. < Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part XV,
1847, 129—219.
[Republished, with same pagination, and with special title-page, in kt Figures
of molluscous animals, selected from various authors. Etched for the use of
students. By Maria Emma Gray." iv, 1859.] — On the arrangement of the Land Pulmoniferous mollusca into families.
<The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. VI, Third Series, 1860,
267—269. Notes on the specimens of Calyptraeidse in Mr. Cumming's collection.
< Proceedings of the scientific meetings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1867, 726—748.
HANCOCK (Albany). See Alder (Joshua) and Hancock.
HUXLEY* (Thomas Henry). An introduction to the classification of animals.
.... London : John Churchill & Sons, .... 1869. [8vo., 4 p. 1. 147 pp.
6sh.]
[Authority for the Tunicate order Larvalia.]
HYATT (Alpheus). Observations on Polyzoa. Suborder PhylactolaGinata.
< Proceedings of the Essex Institute, IV, V.
[Author's separate ed., iv, 103 pp., 15 pi. w. 7 intercalated leaves explana- tory . ]
JOURNAL de conchyliologie, comprenant 1'etucle des animaux, dcs coquilles
vivantes et des coquilles fossiles, publie sous la direction de M. Petit de la
Saussaye. Tome premier [ — ] quatrieme. A Paris, chez M. Petit de la
Saussaye, . . . , 1830 [— ] 1853. — Journal de conchyliologie publie sons la direction de MM. Fischer et Ber-
nardi. Tome V [— '] VIII. 2e serie. Tome ler [— ] IV. A Paris, chez M.
Bernardi, .... Juillet 1856 [--] Janvier 1860. Journal de conchyliologie, publie sous la direction de MM. Crosse et Fischer
[et Bernardi, 1861—1863]. 3^ serie. Tome ler [— ] X™e. Vol. IX [— ] XVIII. -A Paris, chez M. Crosse, rue Tronchet, 25. 1861 [— ] 1870. [Prix de Fabonnement : pour France, 16 fr.; pour les pays hors d'Europe,
20 fr.]
LEA (.Tsaac). A synopsis of the family Unionidse. • • • Fourth edition, very
greatly enlarged and improved. Philadelphia : Henry C. Lea. 1870. [4to.
xxx pp. + bastard title -f- 25 — 184 pp.]
MACDONALD (John Denis). On the representative relationships of the fixed and free Tuuicata, regarded as two subclasses of equivalent value ; with some general remarks on their morphology. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. XXIII, 1864, 171—183, pi. is, 1862-63.
• On the anatomy and classification of the Heteropoda. <Ib. XXIII, 1864,
1—20, pi. i— ii, 1861-62.
MEEK (Fielding Bradford). Remarks on the family Actseonidse, with descrip- tions of some new genera and subgenera. <: The American journal of science and arts. Conducted by B. Silliman, B. Sillimau, Jr., and James H. Dana [etc.]. Second series, XXXV, 1863, 84— 94.
36
MEEK (Fielding Bradford). Remarks on the family Pteriidoe (=Aviculidse) with descriptions of some new fossil genera. <= American journal of science and arts, [etc.] Second series, XXXVII, 1804, 212—220.
Note on the affinities of the Bellerophontidoe. < Proceedings of the Chicago
academy of sciences, I, 9 — 11, 1865.
Check list of the invertebrate fossils of North America. Cretaceous and
Jurassic. By F. B. Meek. Washington : Smithsonian Institution. April,
1864. [8vo. 1 p. 1. 40 pp. — 25 c.] <; Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. VII, 1867.
MORCH (Otto A • • • L • • • ). Review of the Vermetidse. < Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London for the year 1861, 145 — 181, pi. 25 (Part I) ; 326—365 (Part II) ; 1862, 54—83 (Part III).
OWEN (Richard). Mollusca. <The Encyclopaedia Britannica, .... XV, 1857, 319—403.
[Authority for the subdivision of Tunicates into SaccobrancUiata, Dactylo- branchiata, and Taeniobranchiata.]
PFEIFFER (Louis). Monographia Pneumonoporum viventium. Sistens des- criptiones systematicas et criticas omnium hujus ordinis generuni et specierum
liodie cognitarum, accedente fossilium enumeralione. .... Cassellis.
Sumptibus Theodori Fischer. 1852. [etc. 8vo. xviii, 439 pp. — S-h- th.]
Ibid. II. Supplernentuni prinium. .... Cassellis. Sumptibus Theo- dori Fischer. 1858. [8vo. viii, 249 pp.— 2 th.]
Ibid. III. Supplementuin secundum. «... Cassellis Sumptibus Theo- dori Fischer. 1865. [8vo. 2 p. 1. 284 pp.— 2£ th.]
Catalogue of Phaneropueumona, or terrestrial operculated mollusca, in the
collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the trustees. Lon- don, 1852. [ISmo. 2 p. 1. 324 pp.— 5 sh.]
[A translation of the Mouographia Pneumonoporum viventium (1852), with few modifications, edited by Dr. J. E. Gray.]
Monographia Auriculaceorum viventium. Sistens descriptiones systematicas
et criticas omnium hujus faniiliae generuni et specierum. hodie cognitarum, nee non fossilium enumeratione. Accedente Prosipernaceorum nee non generis Truncatellae historia. Cassellis. Sumptibus Theodori Fischer. 1856. [8vo. xiii, 209pp.— 2th.]
- Catalogue of Auriculidse, Proserpiuidse, and Truncatellidse in the collection
of the British Museum. London : printed by order of the trustees. 1857. [12nio. 2 p. 1. 150 pp.— 1 sh. 9 d.]
[A translation of the preceding, with slight modifications, edited by Dr. J. E. Gray.]
PHILADELPHIA (Conchological Section of the Academy of Natural Sciences of). [Catalogue of recent Mollusca. Viz : — ]
Catalogue of recent Mollusca, belonging to the order Pholadacea. By George
W. Tryon, Jr. pp. 1—21. 1868.
Catalogue of the family Solenidse. By T. A. Conrad, pp. 22—29. 1868. Catalogue of the family Mactridae. By T. A. Conrad, pp. 30—47. 1868. Catalogue of the family Anatinidee. By T. A. A. Conrad, pp. 49—58. 1869.
37
Catalogue of the families Saxicavidse, Myidse and Corbulidse. By George W.
Trvon, jr. pp. 59—68. 1869. Catalogue of the family Pandoridae. By Philip P. Carpenter, pp. 69 — 71.
1869. Catalogue of the family Tellinidrc. By George W. Tryon, jr. pp. 72—126.
1869. Catalogue of the recent species of the family Corbiculadae. By Temple Prime.
pp. 127—187. 1870. Catalogues of the families Porcellanidse [=Cypraeidse-|-Triviidae — Eratoinse]
and Amphiperasidee. By S. R.L Roberts, pp. 189— 214. 1870. Catalogue of the known species, recent and fossil, of the family Marginellidre
[-f Cystiscidse + Eratoinoe]. By John H. Redfield. pp. 215— 269. 1870.
[Although these catalogues have not actually been referred to in the Arrangement, they are here recorded on account of their usefulness as well as cognate nature.]
See, also, AMERICAN Journal of Conchology.
REEVE (Lovell Augustus). Conchologica iconica ; or, illustrations of the shells of Molluscous animals. • • « . London : Reeve, brothers, • • • . 1843 [-] 1845 ; Reeve, Benham, and Reeve, .... 1847 [-] 1849 ; Reeve and Beuharn, .... 1851 ; Lovell Reeve, .... 1854 [-] 1860; Lovell Reeve & co., .... 1862, [et seq.] [4to., 193 monographs in 17 volumes.]
[The following classified list of the "monographs" is given, in order to serve as an index to the volumes — a desideratum that has not been supplied by the publishers — as well as and more especially to serve as a reference from the best known generic names to the position of the families in the present arrange- ment, and to give some — although rather inadequate — idea of the numbers of species. It must be understood, however, that many of the "genera" enume- rated in the following list are artificial assemblages of species combined on account of agreement in some more or less marked conchological character, and that some genera (e.g. Bulimus, Helix, Lucina, Pyrula, etc.) contain representatives of several widely distinct families. The references in such cases are to the families containing the typical species of such genera.
The monographs were generally published within a year of dates assigned to the volumes in which they were subsequently combined.
|
Vo 1 |
Tear 1843 |
PI. 131 |
£. 8 |
s. 10 |
d. 6 |
Vol. 10 |
Year. 1858 |
PI. T?6 |
£. 8 |
6. 4 |
d. 0 |
|
2 |
1843 |
114 |
9 |
o |
11 |
1859 |
1?6 |
8 |
4 |
0 |
|
|
3 |
. 1845 |
130 |
8 |
9 |
0 |
12 |
I860 |
131 |
8 |
10 |
fi |
|
4 |
1847 |
110 |
7 |
4 |
0 |
13 |
1862 |
1?6 |
8 |
4 |
0 |
|
5 |
1849 |
147 |
10 |
6 |
14 |
1864 |
137 |
8 |
.IS |
0 |
|
|
6 |
1851 |
l?q |
8 |
8 |
0 |
15 |
1866 |
1?1 |
8 |
I) |
0 |
|
7 |
1854 |
210 |
.13 |
15 |
0 |
16 |
1868 |
1°7 |
8 |
5 |
fi |
|
R |
1855 ... |
153 |
9 |
18 |
0 |
17 |
1870 |
T>3 |
|||
|
9 |
. 1856 . |
119 |
. 7 |
15 |
6 |
The prices of separate monographs range from 1 sh. 6 d. per plate (1 — 2 pi.) and 1 sh. 4 d. (3 — 6 pi.) to little more than 1 sh. 3 d., according to the number of plates.]
38
CONTENTS.
CLASS A.— CEPHALOPODA. Order I. — DIBRANCHIATA.
|
Monograph of the genus. |
Species. Plates. |
Volume. |
Family |
|
Argonauta |
5 4 |
12 |
4 |
|
Order II. — TETRABRANCHIATA. |
|||
|
Nautilus |
5 6 , |
12 |
19 |
|
CLASS B.— GASTEROPODA. |
|||
|
SUB-CLASS DIOECA. |
|||
|
Order III. — PECTINIBRANCHIATA. |
|||
|
Adamsiella |
17 2 |
14 |
67 |
|
Ampullaria |
134 28 |
10 |
72 |
|
Ancillaria |
51 12 |
15 |
(51 |
|
Anculotus |
53 6 |
12 |
86 |
|
Buccinum |
118 14 |
3 |
56 |
|
Bullia |
26 4 |
3 |
57 |
|
Calyptrsea |
33 8 |
11 |
99 |
|
Cancellaria |
86 18 |
10 , |
48 |
|
Cassidaria |
3 1 |
5 |
113 |
|
Cassis |
33 12 |
5 |
113 |
|
Cerithidea |
29 4 |
15 |
90 |
|
Cerithium |
149 20 |
15 |
90 |
|
Chondropoma |
89 11 |
14 |
67 |
|
Columbella |
240 37 |
11 |
, 65 |
|
Concholepas |
2 2 |
14 |
C4 |
|
Conus |
333 56 |
1 |
43 |
|
Crepidula |
30 5 |
11 |
99 |
|
Crucibulum |
25 7 |
11 |
89 |
|
Cyclophorus |
104 20 |
13 |
, 68 |
|
Cyclostoma |
161 23 |
13 |
67 |
|
Cyclotus |
59 9 |
14 |
68 |
|
Cymbium |
IS 2l) |
13 |
52 |
|
Cyprsea , |
154 27 |
3 |
106 |
|
Delpbinula |
27 5 |
1 |
130 |
|
Dolium , |
15 8 |
5 |
112 |
|
Eburna , |
9 1 |
5 |
57 |
|
Eglisia (With Mesalia).., |
3 |
5 |
95 |
|
Erato |
18 3 |
15 |
107 |
|
Eulima |
48 6 |
15 |
84 |
|
Fasciolaria |
16 7 |
4 |
53 |
|
Ficula |
4 1 |
4 |
Ill |
|
Fusus |
91 21 |
4 |
53 |
|
Halia |
1 1 |
14 |
46 |
|
liar pa |
9 4 |
1 |
62 |
|
Hemis'.nus |
26 6 |
12 |
88 |
|
lanthina |
25 5 |
11 |
116 |
|
lo |
21 . 3 . |
. 12., |
86 |
|
Monograph of the genus. |
Species. |
Plates. |
Volume. |
Family. |
|
Lampania |
10 |
2 |
15 |
90 |
|
Leiostraca |
21 |
3 |
15 |
84 |
|
Leptopoma |
51 |
8 |
13 |
67 |
|
Littorina |
107 |
18 |
10 , |
82 |
|
Mangel ia |
71 |
8 |
3 , |
44 |
|
Marginella |
159 |
27 |
15 |
51 |
|
Melania |
473 |
59 |
12 , |
S3 |
|
Melanopsis |
10 |
3 |
12 |
87 |
|
Melatoina |
23 |
3 |
12 |
86 |
|
Mesalia and Eglisia |
33 |
1 |
5 |
95 |
|
Meta , |
6 |
1 |
11 |
65 |
|
Mitra |
334 |
39 , |
2 |
54 |
|
Monoeeros |
15 |
4 |
3 |
64 |
|
Murex |
194 |
37 |
3 |
64 |
|
Nassa |
196 |
29 |
8 |
, 57 |
|
Natica |
143 |
30 |
9 |
110 |
|
Kiso |
9 |
1 |
15 |
84 |
|
Oliva |
99 |
30 |
6 |
61 |
|
Oniscia |
6 |
1 |
5 |
113 |
|
Ovulum |
C6 |
14 |
15 |
105 |
|
Paludina |
75 |
11 |
14 |
74 |
|
Paludomus |
15 |
3 |
14 |
88 |
|
Phorus |
9 |
3 |
1 |
101 |
|
Pirena |
11 |
2 |
12 |
87 |
|
Pleurotoma |
309 |
40 |
1 |
44 |
|
Potamides |
2 |
1 |
15 |
90 |
|
Pterocera |
10 |
6 |
6 |
102 |
|
Pterocyclos |
30 |
5 |
14 |
68 |
|
Purpura |
80 |
13 |
3 |
64 |
|
Pvramidella |
45 |
6 |
15 |
83 |
|
Pyrazus |
4 |
1 |
15 |
90 |
|
Pyrula |
29 |
9 |
4 |
55 |
|
Ranella |
50 |
8 |
2 |
114 |
|
Ricinula |
54 |
6 |
3 |
64 |
|
Rostellaria |
10 , |
3 |
6 |
102 |
|
Sigaretus |
26 |
5 |
15 |
110 |
|
Solarium |
21 |
3 |
15 |
117 |
|
Strombus |
56 |
19 |
6 |
102 |
|
Struthiolaria |
4 |
1 |
6 |
.103 |
|
Telescopium |
2 |
1 |
15 |
90 |
|
Terebellum |
1 |
1 |
......... 14 |
102 |
|
Terebra |
155 |
27 |
12 |
47 |
|
Triton |
102 |
20 |
9 |
115 |
|
Trochita |
15 |
3 |
11 |
99 |
|
Turbinella |
73 |
13 |
4 |
59 |
|
Turritella |
65 |
11 |
5 |
95 |
|
Tympanotonos |
10 |
2 |
15 |
90 |
|
Umbrella |
3 |
1 |
11 |
182 |
|
Vertagus |
26 |
5 |
15 |
90 |
|
Voluta |
61 . |
. 22 ., |
6 . |
52 |
40
Order IV. — HETEROPODA.
|
Monograph of tl |
le genus. Species. Plates. |
Volume. |
Family, |
|
Carinaria |
3 1 |
15 |
120 |
|
Order V. — RIIIPIDOGLOSSA. |
|||
|
Fissurella |
122 1C |
6 |
136 |
|
Ilaliotis |
73 17 |
3 |
134 |
|
Latia (With Nav |
icella) 2 £ |
9 |
|
|
Navicella |
33 8 |
9 |
125 |
|
Nerita , |
85 19 |
9 |
126 |
|
Neritina |
173 37 |
9 |
126 |
|
Phasianella |
20 6 |
13 |
128 |
|
Scutus |
5 2 |
17 |
137 |
|
Trochus |
99 16 |
13 |
130 |
|
Tugalia |
7 1 |
17 |
137 |
|
Turbo |
63 13 |
4 |
128 |
|
Zizyphinus |
65 8 |
14 |
130 |
|
Order VI. — DOCOGLOSSA. |
|||
|
Patella |
141 42 |
8 |
144 |
|
Order VII. — POLYPLACOPHORA. |
|||
|
Chiton |
194 33 |
.... 4 |
142 |
|
Chitonellus |
7 1 |
4 |
,,, , 143 |
|
SUB-CLASS PULMONIFERA. |
|||
|
Order VIII. — PULMOSTATA. |
|||
|
Achatina |
129 23 |
5 , |
,. 150 |
|
Achatinella |
45 6 |
6 |
149 |
|
Anastoma |
5 1 |
14 |
150 |
|
Bulimus |
662 89 |
5 |
150 |
|
Helix |
1495 210 |
7 , |
150 |
|
Partula |
25 4 |
6 |
149 |
|
Scarabus |
28 3 |
12 |
166 |
|
Simpulopsis |
14 2 |
13 |
157 |
|
Siphonaria |
36 7 |
9 |
167 |
|
Vitrina , |
78 10 |
13 |
,., 151 |
|
SUB-CLASS OPISTHOBRANCHIATA |
|||
|
Order IX. — TECTIBRANCHIATA. |
|||
|
Akera |
7 1 |
15 |
, 176 |
|
Aplustrum , |
3 1 |
16 |
177 |
|
Aplysia |
48 10 |
17 |
179 |
|
Atys |
30 5 |
17 |
176 |
|
Bulla , |
19 6 |
16 |
176 |
|
Dolabella |
6 2 |
16 |
179 |
|
Dolabrifera |
7 1 |
16 |
179 |
|
Haminea |
32 5 |
16 |
176 |
|
Hydatina |
4 2 |
16 |
177 |
|
Pleurobranchus . |
8 1 |
17 |
183 |
|
22 , 4 . |
. 15 . |
. 173 |
Order X. — NUDIBRANCHIATA. No genera monographed.
SUB-CLASS PTEROPODA.
Order XI. — THECOSOJIATA.
Order XII. — GYMNOSOJIATA.
No genera monographed.
SUB-CLASS PROSOPOCEPHALA.
Order XIII. — SOLENOCONCHA.
No genera monographed.
CLASS C.— CONCHIFERA. Order XIV. — DIMVARIA.
|
Monograph of the genus. |
Species. |
Tlates. |
Volume. |
Family. |
|
Amphidesma |
53 |
7 |
8 |
, 233 |
|
Anatina |
30 |
4 |
14 |
228 |
|
Anodon |
154 |
37 |
17 |
258 |
|
Area |
122 |
17 |
2 |
260 |
|
Artemis |
61 |
10 |
6 |
233 |
|
Aspergillum |
19 |
4 |
12 |
21S |
|
Capsa |
2 |
1 |
10 |
235 |
|
Capsella |
16 |
2 |
10 |
236 |
|
Cardita |
50 |
9 |
1 |
257 |
|
Cardium |
133 |
22 , |
12 |
246 |
|
Castalia |
13 |
3 |
17 |
259 |
|
Chama |
55 |
9 |
4 |
248 |
|
Chamostrea |
1 |
1 |
14 |
248 |
|
Circe |
49 |
10 , |
14 |
, 238 |
|
Corbula |
43 |
5 |
2 |
226 |
|
Crassatella .. |
19 |
3 |
1 |
256 |
|
Cucullsea |
3 |
1 |
17 |
266 |
|
Cypricardia |
13 |
9 |
1 |
246 |
|
Cytherea |
49 |
10 |
14 |
238 |
|
Dione |
C2 |
12 |
14 |
238 |
|
Donax |
68 |
9 |
8 |
236 |
|
Galatea |
16 |
6 |
16 |
240 |
|
Glauconome |
9 |
1 |
2 |
, 239 |
|
Hyria |
13 |
15 |
17 |
259 |
|
Iridina |
5 |
9 |
16 |
250 |
|
Isocardia |
5 |
1 |
2 |
245 |
|
Lucina |
69 |
11 |
6 |
249 |
|
Lutraria |
18 |
5 |
8 |
231 |
|
Mactra |
125 |
21 |
8 |
231 |
|
Meroe |
12 |
3 |
14 |
238 |
|
Mesodesma |
31 |
4 |
8 |
232 |
|
Myadora |
10 |
1 |
2 |
227 |
|
Mycetopus |
10 |
4 |
16 |
260 |
|
Myochama |
4 |
1 |
12 |
229 |
|
Peotunculus , |
52 . |
9 . |
1 . |
. 266 |
|
« |
42 |
|||
|
Monograph of the genus. |
SpecieH |
Platen. |
Volume. |
Famil |
|
Pleioclon |
2 . |
1 |
16 |
259 |
|
Psammobia |
59 . |
8 |
10 |
235 |
|
Psarnmotella |
7. |
1 |
10 |
235 |
|
Sanguinolaria |
5 ., |
1 |
10 |
235 |
|
Suletelliua |
21 . |
4 |
10 |
235 |
|
Tapes , |
75. |
13 |
14 |
233 |
|
Tellina |
345 . |
58 |
17 |
234 |
|
Thr.icia |
22 . |
3 |
12 |
223 |
|
Trigonia |
4. |
1 |
12 |
2G3 |
|
Tugonia |
6 . |
1 |
14 |
225 |
|
Unio |
525 . |
96 |
16 |
258 |
|
Venus |
141 . |
26 |
14 |
238 |
|
Order XV. — METARRHIPT^E. |
||||
|
Hippopus |
1 . |
1 |
14 |
267 |
|
Tridacna |
9. |
8 |
14 |
, ,, 267 |
|
Order XVI. — HETEROMYARIA. |
||||
|
Lithodomus |
34. |
5 |
10 |
268 |
|
Modiola |
71 . |
11 |
10 |
268 |
|
Mytilus |
61 . |
11 |
10 |
,,, 268 |
|
Order XVII. |
— MONOMYARIA. |
|||
|
Anomia |
37 . |
8 |
11 |
276 |
|
Avicula |
75 . |
18 |
10 |
270 |
|
Crenatula |
8 . |
2 |
11 |
270 |
|
Hemipecten |
1 . |
1 |
6 |
274 |
|
Hinnites |
2 . |
1 |
8 |
274 |
|
Malleus |
13 . |
3 |
11 |
270 |
|
Pecten |
176 . |
35 |
8 |
274 |
|
Peduni |
1 . |
1 |
n |
272 |
|
Perna |
28 . |
6 |
11 |
270 |
|
Pinna |
66 . |
34 |
11 |
269 |
|
Placunanomia , |
14 . |
3 |
11 |
276 |
|
Spondylus |
68. |
18 |
9 |
272 |
|
Vulsella |
17 . |
2 ... |
... 11 |
271 |
Order XVIIL— RUDISTA. No genera monographed.
Sub-Branch MOLLUSCOIDEA.
CLASS D.— TUNICATA.
Order XIX. — SACCOBRANCHIA.
Order XX. — DACTYLOBRANCHIA.
Order XXI. — T.ENIOBRANCHIA.
Order XXII. — LARVALIA.
No genera monographed.
CLASS E.— BEACHIOPODA.
Order XXIII. — ARTHROPOMATA.
Terebratula and Khynchonella 51 11 13 299
Order XXIV. — LYOPOMATA. Monograph of the genus. Species. Plates. Volume. Family.
Crania 4 1 13 307
Lingula 11 2 13 309
Orbicula 7 1 13 308
STEENSTRUP (Japetus Smith). Overblik over cle i Kjobenhavns inuseer opbevarede Blseksprutter fra (let aabne liav (1800-61). [Cranchiosformes.] < Oversigt over clet Kgl. danske viderskabernes selskabs foiiiandliuger og dels medlernmers arbeider i aaret 1861, 69 — 86.
STIMFSON (William). On certain genera and families of Zoopliagous Gas- teropods. < American Journal of Conckology. I, 55 — 64, pi. 8, 9. 1865.
Researches upon the Hydrobiina3 and allied forms ; chiefly made upon
materials in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. By Dr. William. Stinipsou. Washington : Smithsonian Institution. August, 1865. [8vo. 2 p. 1. 59 pp. — 50 c.] < Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. YIL
TROSCHEL (Franz Hermann). Das gebiss der Schnecken zur begriindung einer natiirlichen classification untersucht von Dr. F. H. Troschel, ....
Erster band. Mit zwanzig kupfertafeln von Hugo Troschel. Berlin. Nico-
laische verlagsbuchhandlung. (G. Parthey.) 1856 — 1863. [4to. viii, 252 pp. 20 pi. and 20 1. explan. opposite. Published in 5 parts, lief. 1 — 4, each 2 th. 20 ngr.; lief. 5, 3th.; complete, 13f th. Zweiten bandes erste [ — ] dritte liefer- ung. pp. 1-132, pi. 1-12, 1866—1869 ; lief. 1—3, each 3 th.]
TRYON (George "Washington, jr.). Synopsis of the recent species of Gas- trochrenidaB [including Brechitidoe], a family of acephalous mollusca. •< Pro- ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1861, 465 — 494.
On the classification and synonymy of the recent species of PholadidaB.
<Ib. 1862, 191—221.
Monograph of the family Teredidse. <Ib. 1862, 453 — 482.
Observations on the family Strepornatida3 [=Ceraphasiida3]. < American
Journal of Conchology. I, 1865, 93 — 135.
Monograph of the family Strepomatidce. < Ib. I, 1865, 299 — 341 ; II,
1866, 14—52, 115—133.
TURTON (William). Manual of the land and fresh-water shells of the British islands. With figures of each of the kinds. By William Turton, M. D. Xew edition, with additions, by John Edward Gray, .... London : Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts. 1857. (12ino. XVI, 335 pp. 12 pi.)
VAILLANT (Leon). Recherches sur la famille des Tridacnides. <Annales des Sciences ISTaturelles. Cinquieme serie. Zoologie et paleontologie. IV, 64—172, pi. 8—12, 1865.
WOODWARD (Samuel P • • «). A manual of the Mollusca; or, a rudimentary treatise of recent and fossil shells. By S. P. Woodward, A.L.S. ... Illus- trated by A. 1ST. Waterhouse and Joseph Wilson Lowry. London : John Weale, . . . , MDCCCLI— VI. [12mo. xvi, 486 pp. 1 front. 24 pi. with 12 interca- lated leaves explanatory, 1 map. — 6 sh. 6 d. — Originally issued in three parts.]
"WOODWARD (Samuel P« • •)• A manual of the Mollusca : a treatise on recent and fossil shells. By the late S. P. "Woodward, A.L.S. [etc.]. With numerous illustrations by A. N. Waterhouse and J. W. Lowry. Second edition. London: Virtue brothers & co., • • • 1806. [12nio. xiv, 518 pp. 1 front. 23 pi. with 12 1. explanatory, 1 map. — 5 sh. 6 d.]
• Appendix to the Manual of the Mollusca of S. P. Woodward, A.L.S., con- taining such recent and fossil shells as are not mentioned in the second edition
of that work. By Ralph Tate, .... London : Virtue & co., . . . . 18G3.
ClSmo. 86pp.— 1 sh.]
INDEX TO ARRANGEMENT OF MOLLUSKS.
Abrancbia, p. 12. Aciculacea, 70. Aciculidae, 70. Acruaeidae, 139. Actaeonellidae, 174. Actaeonidae, 173, 174. Adacnidae, 247. Admetncea, 49. Adinetidae, 49. ^Itheriidae, 261, 262. Aggregata, p. 23. Agnatha, p. 12. Alata, 102. Alcyonidiadae, 340. Alcyonidiidae, 340. Ainmonitidae, 33. Ammonites, 33. Ammonitoidea, p. 3. Amnicolinae, 78a. Amoriana, 52. Ainphibolidae, 169. Amphidesmidae, 233. Amphiperasidae, 105. Ampbyspiradae, 171. Amphyspiridae, 171. Amplustridae, 177. Ampullariacea, 72. Ampullariidae, 72. Anatinidae, 228. Ancillina, 61. Ancillinae, 61e. Ancylidae, 163. Ancyloceras, 36. Ancyloceratidae, 36. Ancylopoda, p. 25. Anomiacea, p. 22. Anomiadae, 276. Anomiidae, 276. Aphragmites, 27. Aplysiadae, 179. Aplysiidae, 179. ' Aporrhaidae, 103 Appendiculariadae, 298. Appendiculariidae, 298. Arcacea, p. 21. Arcacea, 266. Architectonidae, 117. Arcidae, 266. Argonautidae, 4. Arionidae, 156. Arthropomata, p. 25.
Articulata, p. 29. Ascidiadae, 285, 286, 287. Ascidiidae, 286. Ascoceras, 27. Ascoceratidae, 27. Aspergillidae, 218. Assiminiidae, 75. Atlantacea, 119. Atlantidae, 119. Atrypidae, 302. Atypoglossa, p. 6. Auriculidae, 166. Aviculacea, p. 21.
Bactrites, 30. Baculina, 42. Baculinidae, 42. Baculites, 41. Baculitidae, 41. Bactritidae, 30. Basommatophora, p. 13. Bathmoceras, 17. Bathtnoceratidae, 17. Belemnitidae, 15. Belleropbontacea, p. 11. Bellerophontidae, 138. Belopteridae, 14. Belosepiidae, 12. Bicellariadae, 333. Bicellariidae, 333. Bolteniidae, 287. Brachiopoda, p. 25. Bucardiidae, 245. Buccinidae, 56. Buccinina, 56. Buccininae, 56b. Bullidae, 176. Bullinadae, 175. Bythiniidae, 80. Bythiniinae, 80.
Caecidae, 92. Calyptraeidae, 99. Calyptriidae, 99. Cancellariacea, 48. Cancellariidae, 48. Cnprinellidae, 281. Caprinidae, 282. Caprotinidae, 283. Capulacea, 98. Capulidae, 98.
Cardiacea, p. 19. Cardiacea, 246, 247. Cardiidae, 246. Carditacea. p. 20. Carditae, 257. Carditidae, 257. Carinariacea, 120. Carinariidae, 120. Cassidea, 113. Cassididae, 113. Cassidulina, 55. Catenicellidae, 333. Caveidae, 351. Cavidae, 353. Ceidae, 352. Cephalopoda, p. 1. Cellulariadae, 337. Cellulariidne, 337. Ceritbia, 89, 90. Cerithiacea, 90. Cerithiidae, 90. Cerithiinae, 90a. Cerithiopsidae, 89. Ceratitidae, 32. Ceratites, 32. Ceratobranchia, p. 16, Ceratosomidae, 190. Ceripbasiidae, 86. Chamacea, p. 20. Chamacea, 248. Chamidae, 248. Chelyosomidae, 285. Chilinidae, 161. Cbilostomat;i, p. 27. Chiroteuthidae, 6. Chitonellidae, 143. Chitonidae, 142. Chrysodominae, 56c. Cirrhoteuthidae, 1. Cistulea, 67. Cistulinae, 67b. Class A. p. 1. Class B. p. 4. Class C. p. 18. Class D. p. 23. Class E. p. 25. Class F. p. 27. Clausldae, 349. Clavellinncea, p. 23. Clavellinidne, 288, 289. Clionacea, 214.
(45)
Clionellidae, 45. Clionidae, 214. Clyinenidae, 28. Clynieniidae, 28. Columbellacea, f>5. €olumbellidae, 65. Conchae, 238. Conchifera, p. 18. Conidae, 43. Conoidea, 43. Conulariidae, 211. Corbiculacea, p. 19. Corbulidae, 226. Oanehiidae. 5. Craniadae, e>07. Craniidae, 807. Orassatellidae, 256. Crescidae, 855. Crioceras, 35. Crioceratidae, 35. Crisiadae, 342. Crisiidae, 342. Crisinidae, 350. Cristatellidae, 311. Cryptellidae, 153. Ctenostomata. p. 29. Cyamiidae, 252. Cycladae, 240. Cyclonassinae, 57a. Cyclopborea, 68. Cyclophoridae, 68. Cyclophorinae, 68b. Cyclostomacea, 67. Cyclostomata, p. 29. Cyclostomea, 67. Cyclostomidae, 67. Cyclostominae, 67o. Cyclotacea, 68. Cyclotea, 68. Cyclotinae, 68a. Cyliehnidae, 175. Cylindrellidae, 148. Cymbuliacea, 210. Cymbuliidae, 210. Cyinodoceidae, 216. Cynodontidae, 58. Cynodontinae, 58a. Cypraeacea, 106. Cypraeinae, 106a. Cypraeidae, 106. Cyprinidae, 244". Cyrenidae, 240r Cyrenoididae, 242. Cyrtoceras, 25. Cyrtoceratidae, 25. Cystiscidae, 50. Cytidae, 354.
Dactylina,. 61. Dactylobranchia, p*. 24. Davidsonidae, 305. Davidsoninae, 305c. Dendronotidae, 195. Dentaliidae, 217. Dibrancbiata, p. 1. Dicranobranchia, p. 11. Didemnidae, 291, 290a. Digitiglossa, p. 9.
Dimyaria, p. 18. Dioeca, p. 4. Diphyllidiadae, 192. Diphyllidiidae, 192. Diplommatinacea, 69. Diplommatininae, 69b. Discinidae, 308. Docoglossa, p. 11. Doliacea, 112. Doliidae, 112. Doliolidae, 296. Donacidae, 236. Dorididae, 185. Doridopsidae, 184. Dotoidae, 198. Dotonidae, 198. Dreissenacea, p. 19. Dreissenidae, 243. Duplohamata, p. 5.
Elasmognatha, p. 13. Electrinidae, 334. Eleidae, 343. Eligmidae, 278. Eliginus, 278. Ellobiinae, 166. Elysiadae, 204. Elysiidae, 204. Emarginulidae, 137. Entoconchacea, p. 17. Entoconchidae, 207. Eolididae, 201. Eratoinae, 107b. Erycinidae, 251. Escharellidae, 321. Escharellinidae, 322. Escharidae, 325. Escharinellidae, 324. Eschariporidae, 318. Eulimidae, 84.
Farciminariadae, 331. Farciminariidae, 331. Fascigeridae, 345. Fasciporidae, 346. Fasciolariacea, 53. Fasciolariidae, 53. Fasciolariinae, 53b. Fionidae, 202. Firolacea, 121. Fissurellacea, p. 11. Fissurellidae, 136. Flustrellariadae, 328. Flustrellariidae, 328. Flustrellidae, 3271 Flustridae, 332. Flustrinidae, 326. Fossari, 81. Fossaridae, 81. Fusacea, 56, 58. Fusinae, 53a.
Gadiniidae, 168. Galeominidae, 254. Gasteropoda, p. 4. Gastrocbaenidae, 219. Gemellariadae, 330-. Gemellariidae, 330.
Geophila, p. 12. Glaucidae, 200. Glauconomidae, 239. Glauconomyadae, 239. Glossidae, 245. Glossoceras, 27. Glycimerides, 224. Gomphoceras, 24. Gompboeeratidae, 24. Goniatitidae, 29. Goniatites, 29. Goniatitoidea, p. 3. Goniodorididae, 187. Goniognatha, p. 12. Gymnoloemata, p. 27. Gymnosoinata, p. 17. Gyroceras, 21. Gyroceratidae, 21.
Haliacea, 46. Haliidae, 46. Ilaliotacea, p. 11. Haliotidae, 134. Hamiglossa, p. 5. Karaites, 37. Hamitidae, 37. Hamulina, 39. Hamulinidae, 39. Harpacea, 62. Harpidae, 62. Helicacea, 150. Helicidae, 150. Helicinacea, 124. Helicinidae, 124. Helicoceras, 31. Helictopoda, p. 25. Hercoceras, 20. Hercoceratidae, 20. Hermaeidae, 203. Heroidae, 196. Heteroceras, 31. Heteromyaria, p. 21. Heteropoda, p. 10. Heterosalpinx, 207. Hipponicidae, 97. Hippothoidae, 329. Hippuritidae, 279, 280, 281,
282, 283. Hislopiadae,.339. Hislopiidae, 339. Holognatha, p. 12. Hyalacea, 209. Hyalidae, 209. llydrobiinae, 78. Hydrocaenacea, 122. Hydrocaenidae, 122. Hyolithidae, 212.
lanthinidae, 116. Imbricariina, 58. Imbricariinae, 58b. Incrustata or Rigida, p. 27. Inarticulata, p. 29. Inarticulatafasciculata, p. 29. Inarticulata foraminata, p. 29. Inarticulata operculata, p. 29. Inarticulata tubulata, p. 29.
Inferobranchia, p. 16. Iridinidae, 259.
Janellidae, 158.
Koninckinidae. 303. Kraussininae, 290d.
Lacuninae, 82a. Larvalia, p. 24. Laseidae, 251, 252. Ledidae, 265. Lepetidae, 141. Leptoclinidae, 291. Leptonidae, 253. Licinea, 67. Licineinae, 67a. Liraacidae, 155. Limacinacea, 208. Limacinidae, 208. Limapontiadae, 205. Liinapontiidae, 205. Limidae, 273. Limnaeidae, 164. Limnophila, p. 13. Lingulidae, 309. Lingulinae, 309a. Lioplaces, 74. Lioplacinae, 74a. Liotiadae, 129. Liotiidae, 129. Lithophaga, 237. Littorinae, 82. Littorinidae, 82. Littorininae, 82b. Lituites, 22. Lituitidae, 22. Lophocercidae, 178. Lophopodia, p. 27. Loliginidae, 9. Loligopsidae, 5. Lucinacea, p. 20. Lucinidae, 249. Lyopomata, p. 26.
Mactracea, 231. Mactridae, 231. Macluraeacea, p. 11. Maclureadae, 135. Macluraeidae, Io5. Magasinae, 290c. Marginellacea, 51. Marginellidae, 51. IMarseniidae, 108. Megathyrinae, 290f. Melaniae, 88. Melaniidae, 88. Melaniinae, 88a. Melanopidae, 87. Melatomidae, 45. Melongenidae, .55. Mesodesmidae, 23£. Mesodesmides, 232. Metarrhiptae, p. 21. Mitracea, 54. Mitridae, 54. Molluscoidea, p. 23. Monomyaria, p. 21.
Murieea, 64. Muricidae, 64. Muricinae, 64a. Mutelidae, 259. Myacea, p. 18. Myaires, 225, 226. Mycetopodidae, 260. Muelleracea, p. 20. Muelleriidae, 262. Myidae, 225. Myochamidae. 229. Myopsidae, p. 2. Myriozoidae, 344. Mytilidae, 268.
Naiades, p. 20. Nassacea, 57. Nassidae, 57. Nassininae, 67b. Naticacea, 100. Naticidae, 110. Nautilidae, 19. Nautiloidae, p. 2. Nautilus, 19. Neptunina, 56. Neritacea, p. 10. Neritidao, 126. Neritinidae, 126. Neritopsidae, 100. Nothoceras, 16. Nothoceratidae, 16. Nuculidae, 264. Nudibranchiata, p. 15.
Obolinae, 309b. Octopoda, p. 1. 0. littorales, p. 1. 0. pelagici, p. 1. Octopodidae, 2. Odontoglossa, p. 5. Oigopsidae, p. 1. Oleacinidae, 144. Olivacea, 61. Olivellina, 61. Olivellinae, 61b. Olividae, 61. Olivinae, 61a. Ommastrephidae, 8. Onchidiidae, 160. Onchidorididae, 186. Onustidae, 101. Onychoteuthidae, 7. Opisthobranchiata, p. 14. Order I, p. 1. ! Order II, p. 2. Order III, p. 4. Order IV, p. 10. Order V, p. 10. Order VI, p. 11. Order VII, p. 12. Order VIII, p. 12. Order IX, p. 14. Order X, p. 15. Order XI, p. 17. Order XII, p. 17. Order XIII, p. 17. Order XIV, p. 18. Order XV, p. 21.
Order XVI, p. 21. Order XVII, p. 21. Order XVIII, p. 22. Order XIX, p. 23. Order XX, p. 24. Order XXI, p. 24. Order XXII, p. 24. Order XXIII, p. 25. Order XXIV, p. 26. Order XXV, p. 27. Order XXVI, p. 27. Order XXVII. p. 30. Orthalicea, 147. Orthalicidae, 147. Orthoceras, 26. Orthoceratidae, 2fi. Osteodesmidae, 228, Ostreidae, 277. Ostracea, 277. Ostracea, p. 22. Otinidae, 165. Otininae, 165.
Pachyclieili, 86. Paludicellea, p. 27. Paludicellidae, 315. Paludorainae, 8Sc. Pandoridae, 227. Parmacellidae, 154. Patellidae, 140. Pectinatellidae, 310. Pectinacea, p. 21. Pectinibranchiata, p. 4. Pectinidae, 274. Pedicellinea, p. 27. Fedicellinidae, 313. Pediculariacea, 104. Pediculariidae, 104. Pelonaeidae, 284. Pellibranchiata, p. 16. Pentamerinae, 304a. Perophoracea, p. 23. Perophoridae, 288. Petricolidae, 237. Petrophila, p. 14. Philinidae, 170. Philomycenidae, 152. Philomycidae, 152. Philonexidae, 3. Pholadacea, p. 18. Pholadidae, 221. Pholadomyadae, 230. Pholadornyidae, 230. Photina, 56. Photinae, 56a. Phragmoeeras, 23. Phragmoceratidae, 23. Phylactolffiinata, p. 27. Phyllidiadae, 191. Phyllidiidae, 191. Phyllirrhoidae, 206. Physidae, 162. Pinnidae, 269. Pisidiidae, 241. Placunidae, 275. Planaxes, 91. Planaxidae, 91. Platidiinae, 290e.
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Pleurobranchidae, 183. Pleurobranchiidae, 183. Pleurotouiacea, 44. Pleurotouiariacea, p. 11. Pleurotoinaridae, 132. Pleurotomariidae, 132. Pleurotomidae, 44. Pluinatellidae, 312. Pneurnodermacea, 215. Pneumodermonidae, 215. Podophthalma, p. 10. Polybranchia, p. 16. Polyceradae, 188. Polyceridae, 188. Polyclinidae, 292. Polyclininae, 292, 293. Polyplacophora, p. 12. Polyzoa, p. 27. Pomatiaoea, 66. Pomatiidae, 66. Poruatiopsidae, 77. Pomatiopsinae, 77. Porambonitidae, 305. Porambonitinae, 305a. Porellidae, 320. Porellinidae, 319. Poridinae, 323. Potamides, 90. Potamidinae, 90b. Proboscidifera, p. 9. Proctonotidae, 199. Productidae, 306. Proserpinacea, 125. Proserpinidae, 125. Prosopocephala, p. 17. Proteobranchia, p. 11. Psammobidae, 235. Psamrnobiidae, 235. Pseudobranchia, p. 10. Ptenoglossa, p. 10. Pteriidae, 270. Pterocymodoceidae, 216. Pteropoda, p. 17. Pterotrachaeidae, 121. Ptychatractidae, 63. Ptychoceras, 38. Ptychooeratidae, 38. Pupacea, 149. Pupidae, 149. Pupinea, 69. Pupimdae, 69. Pupininae, 69a. Pulmonifera, p. 12. Puluaonata, p. 12. Purpuracea, 64. Purpurinae, 64b. Pustulariinae, 106b. Pygobranchia, p. 15. Pyratuidellidae, 83. Pyrosomatidae, 295. Pyrosomidae, 295. Pyrulidae, 111.
Radicellata, p. 28. Eadicellata articulata, p. 28. Radicellata flexilia, p. 28. Radiolitidae, 280. Radulidae, 272.
Ranellacea, 114. Ranellidae, 114. Rhabodpleura, 356. Rhabdopleurae, p. 30. Rhabdopleuridae, 356. llhachiglossa, p. 4. Rhiphidoglossa, p. 10. Rhodosoma, 287a. Rhodosomidae, 287a. Rhynchonellidae, 304. Rhynchonellinae, 304b. Ringiculidae, 172. Rissoellidae, 76. Rissoidae, 78. Rissoinae, 78b. Rissoininae, 78o. Rostrifera, p. 6. Rotelladae, 127. Rotellidae, 127. Rudista, p. 22. Runcinadae, 180. Runciuidae, 180.
Saccobranchia, p. 23. Salicornariadae, 336. Salicornariidae, 336. Salpidae, 297. Saxicavidae, 224. Scalariadae, 118. Scaiariidae, 118. Scaphites, 34. Scaphitidae, 34. Scissurellidae, 133. Scrupariadae, 335. Scrupariidae, 335. Scyllaeidae, 194. Selenariadae, 316. Selenariidae, 316. Sepiidae, 11. Sepiolidae, 10. Sepiophora, p. 1. Seraphyinae, 102b. Sigillinidae, 290. Siphonariidae, 167. Skeneidae, 79. Skeneinae, 79. Sociales, p. 23. Solariidae, 117. Solecurtidae, 223. Solernyacea, p. 20. Solemyadae, 255. Solemyidae, 255. Solenacea, p. 18. Solenacees, 222, 223. Solenidae, 222. Solenoconchse, p. 17. Solitaria, p. 23. Sparsidae, 348. Spiriferidae, 301, 302. Spirulidae, 13. Spondylidae, 272. Steginoporidae, 317. Stoastoinidae, 123. Storaatellidae, 131. Strepomatidae, 8fi. Streptaxidae, 145. Strigatellacea, 60. Stringocephalinae, 290b.
Strombidae, 102. Strombinae, 102a. Strophomenidae, 305. Strophomeninae, 305b. Stylii'eridae, 85. Subnuda, p. 13. Succinea, 157. Succinidae, 157. Sycotypidae, 111. Synoeoiidae, 293.
Taeniobranchia, p. 24. Taenioglossa, p. 6. Tectibranchiata, p. 14. Tellinidae, 234. Tenagodidae, 94. Terebracea, 47. Terebratulidae, 299. Terebratulinae, 299a. Terebridae, 47. Teredinidae, 220. Teredidae, 220. Testacellea, 144, 146. Testacellidae, 146. Tethyadae, 197. Tethyidae, 197. Tetrabranchiata, p. 2. Thalassophila, p. 14. Thecideidae, 300. Thecidiidae, 300. Thecosomata, p. 17. Thiarae, 88. Tiarinae, 88b. Togata, p. 13. Toxoceras, 40. Toxoceratidae, 40. Toxoglossa, p. 4. Trichotropidae, 96. Tridacnidae, 267. Tridacnides, 267. Trigonea, 263. Trigoniacea, p. 21. Trigoniidae, 263. Triopidae, 189. Tritoniacea, 115. Tritoniadae, 193. Tritonidae, 115. Tritoniidae, 193. Triviacea, 107. Triviidae, 107. Triviinae, 107a. Trochacea, p. 10. Trochidae, 130. Trochoceras, 18. Trochoceratidae, 18. Truncatellacea, 71. Truncatellidae, 71. Tubigeridae, 347. Tunicata, p. 2-'J. Turbinellidae, f-9. Turbinidae, 128. Turridae, 60. Turrilites, 31. Turrilitidae, 31. Turritellae, 95. Turritellidae, 95. Tylodinadae, 181. Tjlodinidae, 181.
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Typioa, p. 4.
Umbrelladae, 182. Umbrellidae, 182. Ungulinidae, 250. Unionidae, 258. Urnatellea, p. 27. Urnatellidae, 314.
Vaginulidae, 159. Valvatae, 73. Valvatidae, 73. Vasidae, 59.
Vasina, 58. Velutinidae, 109. Veneracea, p. 19. Veneridae, 2a8. Veniliidae, 244. Vermetacea, 93, 94. Vermetidae, 93. Veronicellidae, 159. Vesiculariadae, 341. Vesiculariidae, 341. Vitrinea, 151. Vitrinidae, 151.
Vivipari, 74. Viviparidae, 74. Viviparinae, 74b. Volutacea, 52. Volutidae, 52. Volutina, 52. Volutinae, 52b. Volutomitrina, 52. Volutomitrinae, 52a. Vulsellidae, 271.
Yetina, 52.
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