1*1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada http://www.archive.org/details/atlasofaphidstraOOgual Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Lola L. Gualtieri and D.G.R. McLeod Research Centre London, Ontario Research Branch Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Publication 1901/E 1994 © Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1994 Available in Canada through Associated Bookstores and other booksellers or by mail from Canada Communication Group - Publishing Ottawa, Canada Kl A 0S9 Cat. No. A43-1901/1994E ISBN 0-660-15551-6 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Gualtieri, Lola L. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops / Lola L. Gualtieri and D.G.R. McLeod. - (Publication ; 1901/E) Includes bibliographical references. Issued by: Research Branch. Issued also in French under title: Atlas des pucerons pieges dans les champs agricoles. Cat no. A43-1901/1994E ISBN 0-660-15551-6 1. Aphididae-Canada-Identification. I. McLeod, D. G. R. (Dougald Glenn Ross). II. Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Branch. III. Title. IV. Series: Publication (Canada. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada) ; 1901/E. SB945.A5 1994 623.7'52'0971 C94-982000-8 Staff Editor Frances Smith Cover Design Richard Mallett Contents Preface iv Acknowledgments iv Alphabetical list of aphids v Description of aphid species 1 Glossary 6 1 Bibliography 64 Preface Aphids reduce the yield of agricultural crops primarily by their feeding activity or through the introduction of viruses detrimental to plant health. Preventing losses by aphids usually depends on determining the presence of aphid pest species in the crop and separating them from those aphids only incidentally recovered during monitoring. Over 600 species of aphids have been identified in Canada, and although most are not pests, they can often confuse the identification of pest species found among the aphids retrieved during a monitoring program. This atlas is not meant to be a definitive work on aphids in Canada, but rather a tool to be used by crop protection specialists to help them identify and separate pest species from other species not harmful to agricultural crops, or at least only incidentally present. Species are identified by visually comparing captured aphid specimens with pictures of the whole aphid and with pictures of organs or appendages that are important for identification. It should be noted that only the alate female form was used for this atlas. A total of 60 aphid species are included in the atlas. Most aphids were trapped near London, Ontario, over a period of 7 years. The aphids were captured using yellow pan water traps adjacent to cruciferous crops or Masner traps in a general vegetable-growing area near London. Although these aphids are typical of those likely to be encountered in agricultural areas, the samples likely contain species that are dependent on the surrounding vegetation. The aphids were tentatively identified and were then submitted for final determination to the Biological Resources Division, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Ottawa, Ontario. Acknowledgments The assistance of Dr. R.G. Foottit and Mr. E. Maw of the Biological Resources Division, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Ottawa, Ontario, is gratefully acknowledged. The work of Mr. Jerry Lambert, who took photographs of each whole aphid, is appreciated. Thanks to Mr. Ted Sawinski for contributing some of the specimens and to Dorothy Drew for her help in collecting references. Thanks also to the editor, Fran Smith, and to the graphic designer, Rick Mallett. A special debt of gratitude is owed to Dr. Tom Lowery, whose encouragement and help during the initial phases of this work were important to getting started. IV Alphabetical list of aphids Scientific name Common name Page Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) pea aphid 1 Amphorophora agathonica Hottes large American raspberry aphid 2 Anoecia corni (Fabricius) dogwood aphid 3 Anoecia oenotherae Wilson 4 Aphis sp. Linnaeus 5 Asiphonaphis pruni Wilson & Davis 6 Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) foxglove aphid 7 Brachycaudus (Acaudus) cardui (Linnaeus) thistle aphid 8 Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) leaf-curling plum aphid 9 Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) cabbage aphid 10 Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch) 1 1 Capitophorus elaeagni (del Guercio) 12 Capitophorus hippophaes (Walker) 13 Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli) willow-carrot aphid 14 Chaitophorus nigrae Oestlund 15 Chaitophorus populicola Thomas 16 Chaitophorus populifolii neglectus Hottes & Frison 17 Chaitophorus pusillus Hottes & Frison 18 Cinara sp. Curtis 19 Cryptomyzus galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) European blackcurrant aphid 20 Diuraphis (Holcaphis) frequens (Walker) 21 Drepanaphis acerifoliae (Thomas) painted maple aphid 22 Drepanaphis simpsoni Smith 23 Dysaphis (Pomaphis) plantaginea (Passerini) rosy apple aphid 24 Eucallipterus tiliae (Linnaeus) basswood aphid 25 Fordaformicatia von Heyden 26 Grylloprociphilus imbricator (Fitch) 27 Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus) 28 Hyadaphis tataricae (Aizenberg) 29 Hyalomyzus eriobotryae (Tissot) 30 Hyperomyzus sp. Horner 31 Lachnochaitophorui querceus Granovsky J2 Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) turnip aphid J3 Scientific name Common name Page Macrosiphum (Sitobion) avenae (Fabricius) grain aphid 34 Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) potato aphid 35 Macrosiphum pallidum (Oestlund) 36 Mindarus abietinus Koch balsam twig aphid 37 Myzocallis (Neomyzocallis) punctata (Monell) 38 Myzus persicae (Sulzer) green peach aphid 39 Nasonovia (Kakimia) cynosbati (Oestlund) dogberry aphid 40 Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) currant-lettuce aphid 41 Nearctaphis bakeri (Cowen) clover aphid 42 Nearctaphis crataegifoliae (Fitch) long-beaked clover aphid 43 Ovatus crataegarius (Walker) mint aphid 44 Pemphigus sp. Hartig 45 Periphyllus lyropictus (Kessler) Norway maple aphid 46 Pleotrichophorus sp. Borner 47 Protopterocallis canadensis Richards 48 Pterocomma bicolor (Oestlund) 49 Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) yellow rose aphid 50 Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker) apple grain aphid 51 Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) corn leaf aphid 52 Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) bird cherry-oat aphid 53 Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki) rice root aphid 54 Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) greenbug 55 Sipha (Rungsia) elegans del Guercio 56 Tetraneura sp. Hartig 57 Therioaphis sp. Walker 58 Trama rara Mordvilko 59 Uroleucon (Uromelan) taraxaci (Kaltenbach) dark dandelion aphid 60 VI Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) pea aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus I (c) Cauda Antenna slightly longer than body; antennal segment III with dark, narrow band at tip and with 12-21 sensoria; processus terminalis at most four times longer than base of antennal segment VI; siphunculus long, slender, tapering, and imbricated from base to blackish tip; cauda long and slender, more than half the length of siphunculus. and tapering to a point. References: Kono and Papp 1977. Medler and Ghosh 1969. Adas of aphids trapped in agricultural i. rops Amphorophora agathonica Hottes large American raspberry aphid T — w / (a) sensoha (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with at least 56 sensoria; antennal tubercles well developed; siphunculus long, swollen, not reticulated; cauda narrowly triangular; legs light dusky to pale. References: Foottit and Richards 1993, Palmer 1952. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Anoecia corni (Fabricius) dogwood aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda id) I -forked media of fore wing Antennal segment III with 9-17 sensoria: abdomen with large, blaek dorsal patch covering terga III— VI; siphuncular pore wide, on low, hairy cone; cauda and anal plate rounded; fore wing with very large black pterostigma and with 1 -forked media. Reference: Heie 1980. Atlas <>l aphids napped in agricultural crops inoecia oenotherae Wilson i) siphuih lllll\ (( i ( 1 1 . \il.is ot aphids trapped in agricultural crops Aphis sp. Linnaeus (a) sensoria (b) lateral tubercles (c) siphunculus (d) cauda Antenna 6- (rarely 5-) segmented; processus terminalis longer than base of VI; antennal segment III and sometimes IV and V with sensoria; antennal tubercles undeveloped; abdominal terga II and VII with lateral tubercles; other terga sometimes with lateral tubercles; abdomen with variable pigmentation but never with a dorsal patch; siphunculus short to medium length, cylindrical, with faint to distinct imbrications, and with slight flange; cauda elongate, slightly constricted near base; fore wing normally with 2-forked media. References: Foottit and Richards 1993, Heie 1986, Stroyan 1984. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Asiphonaphis pruni Wilson & Davis (a) sensoria (b) lateral tubercles (c) cauda Processus terminalis three times the length of base of antennal segment VI; prothorax and all abdominal segments with lateral tubercles; abdominal tergum I with broken dashes in middle; abdominal terga I-VI with dusky lateral areas; siphunculus absent; cauda tapering or parallel-sided, slightly constricted at middle. References: Palmer 1952, Robinson 1964. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) foxglove aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus {() cauda Antennal segments dark; antennal segment II and bases of antennal segments III— V pale; abdomen with variable pattern of dorsal transverse dark bars; siphuneulus long, pale, slender, tapering, imbricated from base to blaek tip, and at least twice as long as cauda. References: Blackmail and Eastop 1984. Kono and Papp 1977. Atlas of aphiils trapped in agricultural crops Brachycaudus (Acaudus) cardui (Linnaeus) thistle aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Abdomen with large dorsal patch and bands, the patch extending over most of abdomen; prothorax and abdominal terga with lateral tubercles; siphunculus tapering, faintly imbricated, with slight flange; cauda tapering, broader than long. References: Palmer 1952, Taylor et al. 1984. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 8 Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach) leaf-curling plum aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segments III and IV with unevenly scattered sensoria; abdomen with large, black dorsal patch that covers most of area, from tergum III to apex; siphunculus cylindrical, smooth to slightly imbricated, tapering, with smaller, black patch at base; cauda semicircular, not longer than broad at base. References: Cottier 1953, Martin 1983. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) cabbage aphid • *■ (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with approximately 50 sensoria that have distinct margins; abdomen with stripes that are broken in middle; siphunculus short, barrel-shaped, medium-pigmented, with small flange; cauda triangular; wing veins dark. References: Palmer 1952, Taylor et al. 1984. 10 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch) . ~v I \ / ' - (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segments I and II infuscated at inner margin: antenna! segment III dark, with blaek tip, and with 12-20 elliptical sensoria that are found at base of segment; antennal segments IV and V pale at base, but blaek distally; antennal segment VI infuscated, with black spot, but pale at base: antennal tubercles well developed; siphunculus short, cylindrical, flared apically, without flange; cauda slightly constricted at apex; anal plate bilobed; lore wing with stigma darkened at inner margin, with strong oblique veins, and with heavy cubital veins; radial sector faint at origin; radial sector and blanches o\ media with dark spots at tips. Reference: Quednau 1971. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops II Capitophorus elaeagni (del Guercio) (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III proximally pale, with 30-50 tubercle-shaped sensoria; antennal tubercles well developed; abdomen with almost rectangular, solid, black dorsal patch; siphunculus very long, with dusky apex; cauda short. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, Palmer 1952, Taylor et al. 1984. 12 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Capitophorus hippophaes (Walker) (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus w ' I ■ \. (c) caucht Processus terminalis long; abdomen pale, with narrow dorsal dash on tergum II and dark dorsal patch on terga III, IV, and V, the patch sometimes broken into stripes; siphunculus swollen, medium-pigmented, with pale base; Cauda pale, pointed, less than half the length of siphunculus. References: Palmer 1952. Taylor etal. 1984. Alias of aphids napped in agricultural crops 13 Cavariella aegopodii (Scopoli) willow-carrot aphid U J * i ^•^a ^/ ( = 1 mm f L M V / y^vj it, > t>JV | "a a H ' c> * (a) sensoria (b) dorsal papilla (c) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with tubercle-shaped sensoria; processus terminalis short, not noticeably longer than base of antennal segment VI; abdomen pale, with dark lateral areas and dark dorsal bands that begin on tergum III and coalesce on terga III, IV, and V; tergum VIII with a short, blunt dorsal papilla that bears 2 setae at tip; siphunculus clavate, faintly imbricated distally, with flange; cauda tapering. Reference: Palmer 1952. 14 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Chaitophorus nigrae Oestlund (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus «^&» (c) cauda Abdomen with brown lateral sclerites; abdominal terga each with a transverse, brown bar that is partly fused on terga I-VI to form a single patch: siphunculus reticulated, about as long as antennal segment I; cauda knobbed or tongue- shaped, with parallel or slightly diverging margins. Reference: Richards 1972. Atlas of aphids napped m agricultural crops [5 Chaitophorus populicola Thomas (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with circular sensoria that are bordered with narrow rims; antenna (usually) and body with prominent, spine-like setae; abdomen with dusky bands and with lateral spots; siphunculus short, truncate; cauda and anal plate rounded; fore wing with heavily bordered smoky veins. Reference; Palmer 1952. 16 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Chaitophorus populifolii neglectus Hottes & Frison (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna dark; antennal segment III with pale base; head and thorax dark; abdomen with dark square patch; siphunculus brown, reticulated; cauda knobbed; anal plate entire. Reference: Richards 1972. Atlas ot aphids trapped in agricultural c i «ips 17 Chaitophorus pusillus Hottes & Frison (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with pale base; abdomen colorless, with brownish bar on each tergum, the bar partly fused on terga III— VI to form a square patch; siphunculus reticulated; cauda knobbed; anal plate entire; wing veins not pigmented. Reference: Richards 1972. 18 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Cinara sp. Curtis (a) long setae on antenna (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Aphid large, 3 mm or more; antenna 6-segmented, with long setae; processus terminalis shorter than half the length of base of antennal segment VI; body robust, bearing numerous, moderate to long, erect setae; siphunculus very short, on pigmented, hairy cone; cauda semicircular, bearing many setae; tibia long, hairy; fore wing with elongated stigma, with straight radial sector, and with faint media that is either 1- or 2-forked. References: Medler and Ghosh l%(). Palmer 1952. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 19 Cryptomyzus galeopsidis (Kaltenbach) European blackcurrant aphid (a) sensoria (b) abdominal patch (c) siphunculus (d) cauda Antennal segment III with 40-60 sensoria over nearly entire surface; abdomen with dark dorsal transverse bands that sometimes coalesce into a single patch and with very small, brown marginal sclerites; siphunculus brownish, with very thin base and with colorless flange; cauda triangular, with blunt apex, and about half as long as siphunculus. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, Hille Ris Lambers 1953. 20 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Diuraphis (Holcaphis) frequens (Walker) j (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna about half the body length; antennal segment III with 6-8 sensoria: body very elongate, about 2.5 times as long as broad; siphunculus very short, curved inward, shorter than wide, without flange. Reference: Hille Ris Lambers 1939. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 21 Drepanaphis acerifoliae (Thomas) painted maple aphid (a) sensoha (b) finger-like papillae (c) siphunculus (d) cauda Antennal segment III with large, ciliated, oval, transverse sensoria arranged in a single row; antennal tubercles well developed; abdominal terga I and III each with a pair of long, finger-like dorsal papillae; abdominal terga II and IV each with a pair of shorter dorsal papillae; siphunculus situated at right angle to body and with distinct swelling at proximal two-thirds portion; cauda knobbed; anal plate indented; fore wing with smoky-bordered veins; stigma dusky, with pale centre. References: Medler and Ghosh 1969, Palmer 1952. 22 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Drepanaphis simpsoni Smith ' 1 = 1 i mm ' b- a d c (a) sensor ia (b) finger-like papillae (c) siphunculus id) cauda Antenna! segment I as dark as head; other antennal segments pale; antenna! segments III, IV, V, and base of VI with dark distal tips; head with 5 light, longitudinal stripes; abdomen nearly colorless, with four pairs of well-developed, finger-like dorsal papillae, the first pair being longer and darker than the others; siphunculus pale; fore wing with smudges on proximal and distal portions of stigma, on base of radius, and around distal portion of radius. Reference: Smith andDillery 1968. Alias of aphicls trapped in agricultural crops Dysaphis (Pomaphis) plantaginea (Passerini) rosy apple aphid (a) sensoria (b) dorsal tubercles (c) siphunculus (d) cauda Antenna shorter than body or slightly longer; antennal segment III with more than 50 knobbly sensoria; head and abdominal terga VII and VIII often bearing dorsal tubercles; abdomen with dark dorsal patch; siphunculus dark, medium length, turned out slightly; cauda short, triangular. References: Medler and Ghosh 1969, Taylor etal. 1984. 24 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Eucallipterus tiliae (Linnaeus) basswood aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna black; antennal segment III with pale middle part and with 8-18 sensoria placed in a row on basal half; antennal segments IV. V. and VI with pale bases; processus terminalis pale; head and pronotum with dark, lateral, longitudinal stripes; abdomen with 2 rows of large, dark dorsal spots; abdominal tergum IV with large, dark, wart-like papillae; siphunculus short, dark, truncate; cauda knobbed; anal plate bilobed; fore wing with dark anterior edge and dark spots at apices of oblique veins. References: Heie 1982, Taylor et al. 1984. Atlas <>i aphids napped in agricultural crops 25 Forda formicaria von Hey den (a) sensoria (b) dorsal bands on abdomen (c) cauda (d) unbranched media of fore wing Aphid large; antennal segment III with 25 or more sensoria; antennal segment V with large primary sensorium; abdomen with definite dusky dorsal bands and lateral areas; siphunculus absent; cauda rounded, bearing several setae; fore wing with heavy, slightly bordered veins; media unbranched or 1 -forked. References: Medler and Ghosh 1969, Palmer 1952, Taylor et al. 1984. 26 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Grylloprociphilus imbricator (Fitch) (a) sensoria E * (b) wax plates & 1 (c) cauda Antennal segment III with circular to oval sensoria arranged in a single row; abdomen with distinct marginal wax plates; siphunculus present but indistinct; cauda rounded; differs from Pemphigus sp. in the form of the antennal sensoria. Reference: Smith 1974. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 27 Hayhurstia atriplicis (Linnaeus) (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with 12-18 sensoria; other antennal segments lacking sensoria; prothorax and all abdominal terga with lateral tubercles; abdomen light, with darker lateral areas and darker dorsal crossbands; siphunculus twice as long as maximum width, smooth, slightly swollen near apex, and with flange; cauda elongate, spoon-shaped. References: Palmer 1952, Taylor et al. 1984. 28 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Hyadaphis tataricae (Aizenberg) "A { a "*- £ Mm *t i i "9^ y -^^ s km V b / #♦ 1% (a) sensoha (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna dark, except for small pale region at base of segment III; abdomen pale, smooth, with irregular dusky areas on terga II— VII; siphunculus pale, faintly imbricated, slightly swollen, but constricting below tip; cauda triangular. Reference: Voegtlin 1984. Atlas ot aphids trapped in agricultural crops 29 Hyalomyzus eriobotryae (Tissot) (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus 40 i . . "'^jjP^S k •w'. -V -■ "-Jaa^ r j VlfcLii * i " *5v> JifTW "^^KKSfit--. ._-? , W$M& 4M ty (c) cauda Antennal segment III with 35 or more evenly scattered sensoria; antennal segments IV and V also with many sensoria distributed evenly over entire surface of segments; abdomen not strongly wrinkled, lacking pigmented sclerotic areas dorsally but having dark, well-developed sclerites laterally. References: Nielsson and Habeck 1971, Richards 1958. 30 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Hyperomyzus sp. Borner (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with many sensoria; antennal segments IV and V sometimes having sensoria; antennal tubercles diverging; abdomen with large central patch; siphunculus smooth, dark, strongly swollen; cauda pale. Reference: Hille Ris Lambers 1949. Atlas of aphids napped in agricultural crops 31 Lachnochaitophorus querceus Granovsky (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with sensoria; abdomen with unfused dorsal sclerites and with a transverse bar on each tergum; siphunculus small, flared apically, but without true flange; cauda semicircular; anal plate indented. Reference: Richards 1965. 32 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) turnip aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) ctmda Antenna shorter than body; abdomen dusky, with conspicuous, dark lateral sclerites; siphunculus lightly pigmented, "sausage"-shaped, about half as long as antennal segment III; cauda short, parallel-sided in narrower distal half; wing veins dusky. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, Kono and Papp 1977, Taylor et al. 1984. Atlas <>t aphids trapped in agricultural crops 33 Macrosiphum (Sitobion) avenae (Fabricius) grain aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphuncuhis (c) cauda Abdomen with dorsal cuticle distinctly and uniformly sclerotic, but variably pigmented; siphunculus black, long, cylindrical, reticulated distally; cauda pale, slightly shorter than siphunculus. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, Taylor etal. 1984. 34 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) potato aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna pale; processus terminalis longer than antennal segment III; antennal tubercles well developed; abdomen with very light marginal sclerites; siphunculus pale proximally, dark and reticulated distally, about as long as antennal segment III; cauda long, pale, tapering; femur and tibia with dark distal ends. References: Basky 1984, Kono and Papp 1977, Taylor et al. 1984. Alias of aphids trapped in agricultural crops \5 Macrosiphum pallidum (Oestlund) «♦ 4 (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus 1 ^ r ' '" *« mm / »«mi|i l^\$ * • » — V 1 (c) cauda Aphid medium-sized to large; antenna dark, longer than body; head and thorax dusky to dark; prothorax and abdominal terga II-V with marginal tubercles; abdomen pale to smoky, with marginal sclerites faintly visible on terga II-IV and with dorsal tubercles on terga VII and VIII; siphunculus dark, long, with reticulation; cauda elongate. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, MacGillivray 1968. 36 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Mindarus abietinus Koch balsam twig aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus W (c) cauda Abdomen with dark, transverse bands and marginal spots; siphunculus present as a pore; cauda short, tongue-shaped; anal plate entire; fore wing with media that is usually 1 -forked; radial sector starting at base of very long, narrow, curved, pointed pterostigma that continues to apex of wing. Reference: Heie 1980. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 37 Myzocallis (Neomyzocallis) punctata (Monell) (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus 1 (c) cauda Antennal segments III-V and base of segment VI with dark rings at apices; siphunculus short; cauda knobbed; anal plate deeply indented. The immaculate form (aphid yellow, with wing veins and antennal segments black at apices), occurs in Ontario in June, occasionally in July; the melanistic form (body with dark markings and infuscated wings) occurs occasionally early in the season, but is the only form that occurs later in the season. Reference: Richards 1965. 38 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Myzus persicae (Sulzer) green peach aphid {a) sensoria (b) antenna! tubercles (c) siphunculus {d) cauda Antennal segment III with 10-15 sensoria; processus terminalis at least twice as long as base of antennal segment VI; antennal tubercles very prominent and inward-pointing; abdomen with distinct, dark dorsal patch that is irregular-sided with a clear "window" toward posterior edge: siphunculus cylindrical to slightly swollen distally. more than twice as long as cauda: cauda slightly constricted at middle; wing veins pale. References: Kono and Papp 1977. McLeoil and Lowery 1 989, Medler and Ghosh 1 969. Atlas ni aphids trapped in agricultural crops 39 Nasonovia (Kakimia) cynosbati (Oestlund) dogberry aphid = 1 mm * 1 1 ■ » (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Species having wide range of morphological variation; antenna dark; antennal segment III with pale base; abdomen pale, with dark marginal and small intersegmental sclerites; abdomen with dorsal sclerites or crossbars sometimes present and sometimes forming a central patch; siphunculus dark distally; cauda pale, dusky, or brownish; legs dark, with femur, tibia, and tarsus having darker tips. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, Heie 1979. 40 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) currant-lettuce aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna dark; antennal segment III with 30-38 sensoria; antennal segment IV with 5-12 sensoria; abdomen with pale to dark irregular flecks and stripes that sometimes form a patch; siphunculus straight, dark, not reticulated; cauda dark, elongate; leg joints dark. Reference: Taylor et al. 1984. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 41 Nearctaphis bakeri (Cowen) clover aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with more than 10 sensoria; head and thorax black; abdomen with dark dorsal patch and lateral tubercles; siphunculus short, cylindrical, or slightly tapering, with denticulate imbrications and distinct flange; cauda short, pointed. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, Palmer 1952, Taylor et al. 1984. 42 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Nearctaphis crataegifoliae (Fitch) long-beaked clover aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Abdomen colorless; abdominal tergum VIII with brown lateral sclerites and brown, transverse bar; siphunculus imbricated, about as long as apical hind tarsal segment, and having flange; cauda bluntly triangular, without preapical constriction. Reference: Richards 1969. Atlas ol aphids trapped in agricultural crops 43 Ovatus crataegarius (Walker) mint aphid , 1 - 1 ' = 1 mm a Kr, **^^g, ■ '^k |*T \ b c AW (a) sensoria (Jb) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segment III with 23-30 sensoria; processus terminalis long; abdomen pale, without black dorsal markings, but with light marginal sclerites; siphunculus cylindrical, medium-pigmented; cauda triangular; wing veins dark. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, Taylor et al. 1984. 44 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Pemphigus sp. Hartig T ^ +t (a) sensoria (b) wax plates > * (c) siphunculus (<7) cauda Aphid small to medium-sized; antennal segments III and IV with transverse, narrow sensoria; siphunculus consisting of a mere rim; cauda semilunar; fore wing with unbranched media. References: Heie 1980. Kono and Papp 1977. Palmer 1952. Atlas <>| aphids trapped in agricultural crops 45 Periphyllus lyropictus (Kessler) Norway maple aphid rw7 (a) sensoria and setae (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antennal segments III, IV, and base of V pale and mottled with darker areas; antennal setae long, pointed; abdomen with brown lateral sclerites; abdominal terga I-VI with small, irregular, square, brown patches; tergum VII usually with pair of brown spots; tergum VIII with narrow, transverse bar; siphunculus reticulated for most of its length; cauda rounded; anal plate entire; legs pale, with tibia and tarsus having darker tips. Reference: Richards 1972. 46 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Pleotrichophorus sp. Borner (a) sensoria (b) capitate setae (c) siphunculus (d) cauda Aphid mainly pale, bearing numerous short, capitate or funnel-shaped setae and having slender, elongate appendages; antennal segment III with circular sensoria; antennal segments IV and V sometimes having sensoria; abdomen without dorsal patch but usually with segmental dashes and spots and with lateral sclerites; siphunculus short to elongate, not reticulated, and with flange; cauda short. triangular; anal plate entire. References: Blackmail and Eastop 1984, Foottil and Richards 1993, Medler and Ghosh 1969. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 47 Protopterocallis canadensis Richards 1 mm / (a) sensoria (b) abdominal papillae with setae (c) siphunculus (d) cauda Antennal segment III with oval sensoria; antennal segments III-VI with dark apices; antennal tubercles poorly developed; head, thorax and abdomen with distinct papillae; abdominal papillae with short, pointed, or blunt setae; siphunculus present as an elevated pore; cauda knobbed; anal plate deeply indented. Reference: Richards 1965. 48 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Pterocomma bicolor (Oestlund) (a) sensoha (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna light; antennal segments I and VI darker; abdomen with brown dorsal sclerites that vary from rectangular patches on each segment to small spots of various sizes and with lateral sclerites; siphunculus with well-developed apical flange and without imbrications; cauda and anal plate rounded; legs pale; tibia and tarsus with more deeply pigmented apices; wing veins and costal margin pigmented. Reference: Richards 1967. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 49 Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) yellow rose aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna dark; antennal segment III proximally pale; abdomen sometimes with light patch or sometimes only with flecks and marginal spots; siphunculus cylindrical, pale, with darker apex; cauda pale, elongate, triangular; legs dark at joints; fore wing with dark second cubital vein. Reference: Taylor et al. 1984. 50 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Rhopalosiphum insertum (Walker) apple grain aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna 5- or 6-segmented, shorter than body; head and thorax dark; abdomen with brown marginal sclerites and with brown sclerites below the siphunculi; abdominal terga VI-VIII brownish; siphunculus dark, swollen, and constricted near flange; cauda elongate, slightly constricted at middle. References: Heie 1986. Richards I960. Alias ol aphids trapped in agricultural ciops 51 Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) corn leaf aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Prothorax with well-developed lateral tubercles; abdomen with marginal sclerites; siphunculus very rough, with weakly developed flange, and with sclerites in front and behind; cauda elongate, normally constricted at middle, and with 2 or 3 slender, curved, pointed setae on each side. References; Heie 1986, Richards 1960. 52 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) bird cherry-oat aphid H \aV • 1 = 1 mm ~ ^^ ■ ""* N """v^ J c r ' (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna 6-segmented; head and thorax dark; abdomen with brown marginal sclerites and with large sclerites behind the siphunculi; siphunculus dark, longer than cauda, and often slightly swollen and distinctly constricted below well- developed flange. Reference: Heie 1986. Atlas of aphids trapped m agricultural crops 53 Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki) rice root aphid (a) sensoha (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna usually 5-segmented and with long setae; antennal segment III with 16-22 sensoria; abdominal tergum VIII with 4 or 5 setae; siphunculus nearly cylindrical or swollen, with spots at base. References: Heie 1986, Richards 1960. 54 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) greenbug (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda (d) I -forked media of fore winy, Antenna shorter than body; antennal segment III with 6-9 sensoria; processus terminalis at least three times as long as base of antennal segment VI; siphunculus pale, short, cylindrical, with dark apex, with transverse wrinkles, and without well-developed flange; cauda elongate; fore wing with 1 -forked media. References: Blackmail and Eastop 19X4. Kono and Papp 1977, Medici and Ghosh 1969. Atlas nl aphids trapped in agricultural crops 55 Sipha (Rungsia) elegans del Guercio ** t. "1 K - ,y u iri r\ WkO^Jj V A P^ ^ ^w^W \ ^m r (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Antenna 5-segmented; antennal segment III with 4-10 sensoria; processus terminalis less than 2.5 times the length of the base of antennal segment V; antennal tubercles undeveloped; abdomen smooth, with dark spots and short cross bars, the pigmentation not touching siphuncular base; siphunculus truncate, not reticulated, and shorter than antennal segment I; cauda rounded, arc-shaped; anal plate entire. References: Blackman and Eastop 1984, Heie 1982, Richards 1972. 56 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Tetraneura sp. Hartig (a) sensoria (b) wax plates (c) siphunculus id) cauda Antennal segments III— V with numerous ring-like sensoria; antenna] segments III and V much longer than segment IV; abdomen with wax plates; siphunculus short, conical, with narrow flange; cauda rounded; anal plate entire; fore wing with usually unbranched and rarely 1 -forked media. References: Foottit and Richards 1993, Martin 1983, Palmer 1952. Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 57 Therioaphis sp. Walker (a) sensoria (b) capitate setae on abdomen (c) siphunculus {d) cauda Aphid yellowish when alive; antennal segment III with circular to oval sensoria that are proximally placed in 1 row; antennal tubercles poorly developed; abdomen with small, dark dorsal spots around bases of short capitate setae; siphunculus truncate, without flange; cauda knobbed; anal plate bilobed; wing veins dark-bordered, ending in small, dark spots. References: Foottit and Richards 1993, Heie 1982, Richards 1965. 58 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Trama rara Mordvilko (a) sensoria (b) cauda (c) 1 -forked media of fore wing Antenna dark; abdomen with numerous pointed, fine, drooping setae; abdomen also with long stripes covering two-thirds its width; siphunculus absent; cauda semilunar; hind tarsus very long; wing veins pale, especially the 1 -forked media. References: Palmer 1952, Taylor et al. 1984. Alias of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 59 Uroleucon (Uromelan) taraxaci (Kaltenbach) dark dandelion aphid (a) sensoria (b) siphunculus (c) cauda Live aphid very dark reddish brown; head and thorax black; antennal segment III only with numerous sensoria; abdominal terga with spots at bases of setae; siphunculus long, black, cylindrical, reticulated at apex; cauda black, medium length, tapering; legs black, except for pale base of femur; hind tibia with long setae. Reference: Palmer 1952. 60 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops Glossary (Definitions from Foottit and Richards 1993, Miyazaki 1987, Taylor et al. 1984, Torre-Bueno 1985.) abdomen The third part of the body of an insect; in aphids, made up of 8 segments plus the cauda. alate Winged form. anal plate The sclerotized ventral part of the abdominal segment in front of the cauda (see Therioaphis sp., Sipha (Rungsia) tlegans). antenna (pi. antennae) A segmented organ arising from the front of the head. antennal tubercle Swelling of the head capsule at base of antenna (see Myzus persicae). anterior Positioned in front. apex (pi. apices) The point farthest away from the base; the tip. apical Pertaining to the apex. basal Pertaining to the base. base The point closest to the body. capitate setae Hairs with knobbed apices (see Pleothchophonts sp.). cauda The "tail"; the apex of the abdomen; can be many different shapes. clavate Clubbed (see Cavahella aegopodii). claw A paired organ at the end of an insect's leg. costa The thickened top margin of the fore wing. costal Pertaining to the costa (see Pterocomma bicolor). coxa (pi. coxae) The basal leg segment, where the leg is attached to the body. cubitus The basal vein of the wing that branches within the common longitudinal vein, therefore appearing as 2 separate veins (see Rhodobium porosum). denticulate Set with small teeth or notches (see Nearctaphis bakeri). Alias ol aphids trapped in agricultural crops (-, | distal The region farthest from the body (see Lipaphis erysimi). dorsal Located on the upper surface. dorsal patch An area of pigmentation that is joined over more than 1 abdominal tergum (see Myzus persicae, Cryptomyzus galeopsidis). femur (pi. femora) Usually the stoutest leg segment; it bears the tibia at its distal end. flange A projecting rim or edge (see Nearctaphis crataegifoliae, Brevicoryne brassicae, Pterocomma bicolor). imbrication An arrangement resembling fish scales or roof shingles (see Brachycaudus helichrysi). infuscated Smoky gray-brown, with a blackish tinge (see Myzocallis (Neomyzocallis) punctata). margin The narrow part of a surface, near the edge. marginal Near the margin. media A vein that runs off the common longitudinal vein, towards the hind margin of the wing; it can be unbranched, 1 -forked or 2-forked (see Forda formicaria, Schizaphis graminum). melanistic Dark or blackish (see Myzocallis (Neomyzocallis) punctata). oblique Slanted. papilla (pi. papillae) A projection of the body wall (see Drepanaphis acerifoliae, Drepanaphis simpsoni). processus terminalis A slender projection at the end of the last antennal segment (see Ovatus crataegarius, Cinara sp., Capitophorus hippophaes). pronotum The upper or dorsal surface of the prothorax. prothorax The first thoracic segment bearing anterior legs but no wings. proximal The region nearest the body (see Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Drepanaphis acerifoliae). pterostigma (also called stigma) A thickened, opaque spot on the costal margin of the wing (see Mindarus abietinus). 62 Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops radial sector A short vein arising from the pterostigma and running toward the wing apex (see Mindarus abietinus, Calaphis betulaecolens). reticulation A network of lines; meshed; a honeycomb configuration (see Chaitophorus populifolii neglectus). sclerite A hardened, usually pigmented area of an insect's body (see Rhopalosiphum maidis, Nasonovia (Kakimia) cynosbati). sensorium (pi. sensoria) A circular opening covered by a membrane; an olfactory organ found on the antenna. setae Hairs (see Cinara sp., Periphyllus lyropictus). siphunculus (pi. siphunculi) The dorsal tube or pore on the abdomen, found between terga V and VI. sternite A hardened, pigmented area on the ventral side of an insect's body. stigma See pterostigma. tarsus (pi. tarsi) The foot; a jointed appendage attached at the apex of the tibia, bearing the claws. The tarsus consists of not more than 2 segments in aphids (see Trama vara). tergum (pi. terga) The upper or dorsal surface of any body segment, usually pertaining to the abdomen. thoracic Pertaining to the thorax. thorax The second part of the body of an insect, between the head and the abdomen, bearing the legs and wings. tibia (pi. tibiae) The segment of the leg between the femur and the tarsus. transverse From side to side. truncate Short, stump-like (see Chaitophorus populicola). tubercles Small, usually unpigmented structures having discrete margins (see Asiphonaphis pruni). ventral Located on the underside. wax plates A characteristic arrangement of wax-secreting glands (see Pemphigus sp.. Tetraneura sp.. Grylloprociphilus imbricator). Atlas of aphids trapped in agricultural crops 53 Bibliography Basky, Z. 1984. A key to the identification of alate aphids caught in yellow pan traps. (Hungarian; translated into English). Novenyvedelem 20(9):403^4-14. 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