He serestists ’ at ce *. : ; : i : ie . i att ee i tet hehth fat ve: “s ‘ : . me i it - f eis) St, +} Stith a YM Ppt Se 7 ; we a3) zie i ven wi rq *, arate ie thre ate 8 i. iii, ad : ‘ D i etrigiere Hi Of} are Srbta jh teeer Ch a , * . . eas, Cit? “3s . = Gi eons £4 org) Sat {Pisintards ive rat l¥eieievereecneie: .: arte vere: art) 35, wes Axo [Sie Sere Pio ete! te ? eats #16 eret* = ee eere Ay Lee a4 if Ties sens hl eiesy ee + vie * . it . ered V0 yt hie “hea 0 Wey eee . it - A) bikes ttienecg. frei yt Tere, * bere, oe as 1 7 itd yerees ; ve * tbe * 7 kg (eyacack i . htbetae2 i Uo ieretitiers ot Cea ata + 7 ape a att eee: rots tei oft: *ielail ieiete 2 tie rs ; pure *i9 5 4) (258: 0e), vehi +6: SE td mete ie isiate ea tba #rer ely Sine, ‘ Wh Let eek ak ee: bial dr athe » hve Load Winrit tiaras of nie iPro ith Lee pt os Site sig east Dt bebe ’ Meee dk 331s Tele e: bee tw sien FRSLD OE ot 3 s titie's er tere erat. +e tive “ . Teilsteoerey teeeerterere ” . le ithe ve . + eee * Titiere ng ete beet ae) 14s et th ea i sie bY tele eer . * ha ’ i tery tie sy eiatg of he Rte Saiegts Fibre Pitted ye ey re eeid ae ak te r +3 sts beLik oe Si be | ebtheh sy : ‘Sittdty Tht beh: Prisieteretss Sibieis + * ties thet ete ele SiNhee cay Sane estes Loa ge ot * tres ‘ Pe ary heer te . tthe seaitieraret fh es oh oT catety ; Frets: sient ia tie Pane Besa, #4 +) a thee erg , ty'a . Se tay . +s Meares ets werent We brera te +0 thy tetearitaretsts ; Me Th ah ate heh a H i Tix . + * ss aTsteSitieleierergey i iSleveieiesety: CPt Sr p7 be ‘ hath wig Ast aed eter ‘ } Fay +n + break at ot te headers Vinee athe st bel [hes © bere + 4 ar Pot ae tt ‘+ aa Th tee n jeaieretsyy ea tre} * haath be} f Apee gies roe ater! Sei? tei a4 Titite toads pees? ae Serb wie iat) . Peres, #45 G 4 vie). + aa Wea tis ale ae Wa dk 8 © ere ae Be Mey tse badsl FTP tte a iteieral.® fralgtstrarg tae 4 ieetetatityvier ates dst ete he seo jee : Fey a 7 sek ba ea ox ee Sahai aedy they vitiererce H Hey te +t bik So; wey eS ete 3 % ah Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from University of Toronto -http://www.archive.org/details/audubonnati19nati Bird: Lore AN ILLUSTRATED BI-MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE STUDY AND PROTECTION OF BIRDS EDITED BY FRANK M. CHAPMAN CONTRIBUTING EDITOR MABEL OSGOOD WRIGHT Mtticial Organ of the Audubon Societies Aupuson DerpartMenT Epirep By ALICE HALL WALTER AND T. GILBERT PEARSON VOLUME XIX—i917 D. APPLETON & COMPANY HARRISBURG, PA., AND NEW YORK CITY dhe 3748 CopyRIGHT, 1917 By FRANK M. CHAPMAN (dk, 61 MAR 2% 1969 4, Ny rsiry oF 108 INDEX TO ARTICLES IN VOLUME XIX BY AUTHORS Ainsworth, Mrs. Henry A., Christmas Census, 29. Allen, Arthur A., Photographs by, 10, 199, 202, 253. Allen, Mary Pierson, Christmas Census, 21. Anderson, A. J., Bird-Boxes and Signboards, 148. Anderson, Harold, Notes on the Varied Thrush at Bellingham, Wash., 273. Andrews, Theodore, Christmas Census, 27. Armstrong, Emily C. H., A Singing Blue Jay, 336. Ashby, Clifton and Robert, and Joseph C. Jones, Christmas Census, 27. Bagg, Aaron C., Christmas Census, 14. Bailey, Prof. H. C., see Handley, Charles O. Baker, Myles P., Christmas Census, 13. : Barnekoff, Irene, Gulls at Bandon, Oregon, 224. Barrows, Charlotte M., Evening Grosbeak in Pittsfield, Mass., 42. Barrows, Mrs. W. F., Photograph by, 85. Beard, Pearl M., Christmas Census, 26. Beck, Herbert H., and Abraham Beck Miller, Christmas Census, 22. Beebe, Ralph, Christmas Census, 33. Bennett, Walter W., see Lindsey, Arthur. Bergtold, W. H., Christmas Census, 36; Denver Region, 340. Bicknell, E. P., Christmas Census, 18. Bicknell, Mrs. F. T., and Mrs. Robert Fargo; Miss Helen S. Pratt and Mrs. W. L. Brownlee; Mr. L. E. Wyman; Dr. E. A. Dial and Mrs. Warren Martz; Mr. Alfred Cookman and Mr. John B. Frederick, Christmas Census, 38. Bigelow, R. P., A Boston Wood Duck, 1-1. Black, Edward, see Mead, Raymond. Blanchard, George C., Christmas Census, 13. Bohlman, H. T., Photographs by, 418, 410. Bourne, Thomas L., Christmas Census, 18. Bowdish, B. S., Interesting Winter Bird Records in Northern New Jersey, 149; Annual Report, 456, Bowdish, L. F., and Edward Fleisher, Christmas Census, 21. Brainerd, Barron, see Kittredge, J., Jr. Brehmer, Louis F., photographs by, 311, 312, 313. Brewer, Charles, Jr., see Eaton, Warren F Brewster, W. L., Jr., see Strong, W. D. Brimley, C. S. and Edward Brimley, Christmas Census, 27. Brisgualine, George, Letter from, 177. Brooks, Major Allan, Birds in the War-Zone, 2. a A. C., Starlings at Providence, R. + 148. Brown, Howard C., A Bird Record of Note, 227. Brownlee, Mrs. W. L., see Bicknell, Mrs. F. T. Bruen, Frank, see Smith, E. E. Burdick, R. T., A White Swallow, 208. Burleigh, Thos. D., — Albert D. McGrew, Christmas Census, 2 Burns, F. L., The Schuylkill Heronries, 197. Burtch, Verdi, Photographs by, facing 127; 318. 341; "The Great Blue Herons of Honeoye, 73; The Summer Life of the Virginia Rail, 243. pa sty J. F., see -MclIlwraith. Ornithological - lub. ( iit Campbell, A. L., Photographs by, 362, 363. Cannon, Gabriel, Christmas Census, 2 Carr, Mary E., see Taylor, Alex. R. Carlson, Marjorie, Poem by, 227. Cartwright, W. J., Christmas Census, 15. Case, Clifford M., Christmas Census, 16. Caskey, R. C., Christmas Census, 21; Grosbeaks at Morristown, N. J., Chapman, Frank M., A Condor’s Guill, 5; Edi- torials by, 47, 08, 157, 215, 281, 345; Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds, 39, 86, 262, 330; Reviews by, 45, 95, 96, 155, 156, 213, 278, 270. Chelton, R. B., Evening Grosbeak in Ontario, 93. Childs, Helen P., Secretary, Report of, 440. Christy, Bayard H., and Francis H. Hegner, Christmas Census, 32. Clark, L. Elizabeth, A Leaf from Rose-breast’s Life, 268. Clise, J. W., see Colwell, Mrs. J. I. Collings, Robert S., The Summer Tanager, 226. Colwell, Mrs. J. I. and Mr. J. W. Clise, Jr., Christmas Census, 37. Congdon, Frances, see Potter, Mabel L. Cookman, Mr. Alfred, see Bicknell, Mrs. F. T. Coon, W. Edwin, A Note on the Barred Owl, 266. Cooper, Carrie, A Method of Bird-Study, 56. Corriston, J. Wilson, Christmas Census, 23. Cowing, Herbert L., Strange Behavior of a Robin, 336. Craigmile, Miss Esther and Mrs. C. E. Raymond, Christmas Census, 30. Cramer, William G., Secretary, Report of, 450. Crawfer, Phillip and I. H. Johnston, Christmas Census, 26. Crecilius, Alice, Method of Indoor Study, 289. Criss, Avis, Photographs by, 138, 212. Crosby, Maunsell S., Christmas Census, Photograph by, 300. Evening 20; Dadisman, A. J., Lark Sparrows near Grafton, W. Va., 92. Dale, E. M., see McIlwraith Ornithological Club. Daly, E., see McIlwraith Ornithological Club. Danforth, Stuart T., Christmas Census, 12. Danner, May S., A Practical Bird-Bath, 207. Danner, May S., and Mary King, Christmas Census, 31. Darlington, Philip J., A Partridge Family, 224. Darnell, Alice C., see Mickle, Anna A. Dean, J. and F. D. Terry, Bohemian Waxwings in Seattle, Wash., 92. Dean, R. H., Christmas Census, 29. Deber, Miss Cora and V. F., Christmas Census, 32. Decker, Harold K., Christmas Census, 19. Deeter, Anna P., and Mary E., Christmas Census, 23. Delamare, Henrietta E., A Song from the Nest, 206. DeNormandie, James, Kingfishers in Lincoln, Mass., 170. Dial, Dr. E. A., see Bicknell, Mrs. F. T. Dixon, Joseph, Children: of. the. Midnight Sun, 185. ) Doane, Walter, Christmas Census, 24. Douglass, Miss Mary, A Junior Audubon Society in an Historic Schoolhouse, 290. Downhour, Elizabeth H., Secretary, Report of, 6 446. Duke, Allen, What I am doing for Birds, 54. Dunbar, Lulu, Christmas Census, 33. Dunton, Edith K., Taming Evening Grosbeaks, 310. Dwight, Dr. Jonathan, reviews by, 214, 270, 344. Eaton, E. H., see Eddy, William. Eaton, Warren F., Paul Winsor, Jr., and Charles Brewer, Jr., Christmas Census, 15. Eddy, William, and E. H. Eaton, Christmas Census, 18. Edson, Wm. L. G., and R. E. Horsey, Christmas Census, 20. Egan, Scoutmaster John, Scouts Harold Groth, Ed. Schmidt and Theodore Krueger, Christmas Census, 33. Ehinger, George E. and Eddie L., Chiisinns Census, 30. Eliot, Samuel A., Jr., Seventeen Warblers in A Single Willow Tree, 203. Ericson, Leonard A., Migration on the Great Lakes, 272. Evans, Conroy, From a Starch-Box to a Twenty- six Room Martin House, 53. Evans, William B., see Mickle, Anna A. Evans, William B., and George H. Hallett, Jr., Christmas Census, 21. Fair, Wm. W., Christmas Census, 22. Fanton, Gladys, How to Attract Hummingbirds and Goldfinches Around a House, 170. Fargo, Mrs. Robert, see Bicknell, Mrs. F. T. Figgins, J. D., Winter Visitors to City Park, Denver, Colo., 305. Finks, Louis, see Noble, James. Finley, William L., Field Agent, Annual Report, 417. Fisher, A. K., W. L. McAtee, E. A. Preble, and Alex Wetmore, Christmas Census, 25. Fisher, G. Clyde, Christmas Census, 20. Fisher, Mrs. G. Clyde and Ruth Anna, see Wiley, Farida. Fisher, M. L., Christmas Census, 31 Fleischer, Edward, Yellow-throated Warbler in Brooklyn, N. Y., 150. Fleischer, Edward, and Henry L. Otten, Christ- mas Census, 19; see Bowdish, L. F. Forbush, Edward Howe, Field Agent, Annual Report, 407. ~ Fordyce, George L., Volney Rogers, C. A. Leedy, and Mr. and Mrs. Willis H. Warner, Christmas Census, 33. Frederick, John B., see Bicknell, Mrs. F. T. Freshwater, Mrs. M. R., see Williams, Myhan. Fuertes, Louis Agassiz, Colored Plates by, fac- ing 1, 73, 243s 305. Fulton, J. W., and Leonard Lyons, Christmas Census, oie Gabrielson, Ira N., and E. R. Kalmbach Christ- mas Census, 24. Gallup, Fred, A Substitute for a Hollow Limb, 139; Christmas Census, 37. Ganier, A. G., Christmas Census, 209. Gardener, Mrs. Arthur F., A Successful Bird- Bath, 141. Glover, Helen W., Secretary, Report of, 440. Gormley, Liguori, see Macnamara, Charles, 12. Ruth iv Index Gorst, ee Crawford, Field Agent, Annual Report, 4 Goulding, Erilie, see Sadler, Nettie M. Granger, Walter, The Giant ‘Bird Diatryma, 193. Grant, W. W., Photograph by, 60. Graves, Bessie M., Christmas Census, 15. Graves, Frances M., Christmas Census, 16. Gray, Drs. Earle V., and Anne E. Perkins, Christ- mas Census, 17. Gray, George W., Christmas Census, 19. Gray, W. E., and W. E. Gray, Jr., Christmas Census, 30. Gregory, Florence L., see Williams, Ruth Myhan. Greenleaf, Miles, L. O. Horsky, Wm. Marsh, and Dr. S. R. Towne, Christmas Census, 34. Grinnell, Private Lawrence, Bird Life on the Border as Seen by a National Guardsman, 4. Griscom, Ludlow, see Johnson, J. M.; see Nichols, 8h Griswold, Geo. T., Christmas Census, 16; see Vibert, C. W. Groth, Harold, see Egan, Scoutmaster John. Hagar, Joseph A., see Kittredge, J., Jr. Hall, Mrs. Cuthbert, Smoke Trees and Purple Finches, 93. Hall, James, and Wilbur F. Smith, Christmas Census, 17. Hallett, George H., see Evans, William B.; see Mickle, Anna A. Handley, Charles O., Harry E. Handléy, and Prof. H. C. Bailey, Christmas Census, 26. Hannum, W. E., and James M. Sanford, Christ- mas Census, 28. ° Hansen, Harold E., Walter A. Squires, C2: conta and Jesse Klapp, Christmas Census, Haver, Francis, David Lee, and Farley Lee, Christmas Census, 28. Harrington, Mrs. J. L., An Experience with a Robin, 250. Harris, Edward, Sr., Prairie Horned Lark in Maryland, 92. Harris, Harry, see Hoffman, Ralph, Harrison, Richard Edes, and John B. Derby, Evening Grosbeak in Connecticut in May, 204. Harter, Mrs. George A., Helpful Young Blue- birds, 94. Hathaway, Harry S., Christmas Census, 15. Hauxhurst, G. I., see Kelly, Robert. Heacock, Esther, Photograph by, 68; see Noble, Jane G. Hegner, Francis H., see Christy, Bayard H. Hemstreet, Albert B., Near a Woodpecker, 362. Hemstreet, Mrs. Delia, Bird-Study Brings Its Own Reward, 55. Henderson, H. H., Table, 260. Higgins, J. C., see MclIlwraith Ornithological Club. Unusual Visitors at Feeding sh ape Miss Joy Montgomery, Secretary, Report or, 450 Hitchcock, Margaret S., as Stone Bird- Bath, 144; Two Baby Hummers, 7 Hix, George E., Clark i Lewis, and Edward, G. Nichols, Christmas Census, 19. Hoffman, Ralph, Charles Tindall, Wm. Michaels, and Harry Harris, Christmas Census, 34. Holt, Ernest G., see Marbott, Douglas C. Horsfall, R. Bruce, Colored Plates by, facing, 60, 112, 364. Horsky, L. C., see Greenleaf, Miles. Houghton, Clarence, Christmas Census, 17. Index Vv Howe, Inez Addie, and Mabel Agnes Shields, Christmas Census, 13. Humphrey, Constance, Pickerel Catching Swal- low, 94. Jenness, Perley M., Christmas Census, 12. Job, Herbert K., Annual Report, 421; Photo- graphs by, 423, 426, 427. Johnston, I. H., see Crawfer. Phillip. Johnson, J. M., J. T. Nichols, and Ludlow Gris- com, Christmas Census, 26. Johnson, Lena Leoti, Dressed in White, 208. Jones, Joseph C., see Ashby, Clifton. Jones, Lynds, Oberlin Region, 153, 212, 340. Jones, S. Paul, see Morgan, Miss May. Judd, Robert S., Kildeer in Connecticut, 265. Kalmbach, E. R., see Gabrielson, Ira N. Kelley, Robert, and G. I. Hauxhurst, Christmas Census, 32. Kent, Edward G., The Cape May Warbler, 264. Kimes, Edward D., Christmas Census, 31. King, Louise Robinson, The Truth about Cats and Birds, rro. King, Mary, see Danner, May 8. Kittredge, J., Jr., Joseph A. Hagar, Barron Brainerd and James L. Peters, Christmas Census, 15. Klapp, Jesse, see Hansen, Harold E. Krueger, Theodore, see Egan, Scoutmaster John. Kugler, Marie, The Education of a Robin, 65. LaDow, Mr. and Mrs. Stanley V., Christmas Cen- sus, 26. LaDue, Harry J., Christmas Census, 33. Larrabee, Austin, P., Christmas Census, 34. Latham, Roy, Bird Notes for 1916 from Orient, ok tA3. Lathrop, Mrs. Robert, Pine Grosbeak in Illinois, 43- Laughlin, J. A., Christmas Census, 35. Learned, A. G., Photographs of a drawing by, 233, 373- Lee, David and Farley, see Harper, Francis, 28. Lee, John C., An Effective Feeding Device, 8; The Wellesley Bird-Box, go. Leedy, C. A., see Fordyce, George L. Lewis, Clark L., see Hix, George E. Lewis, Clark L., Jr., American Egrets in New York City, 251. Lindsay, Mrs. Eugene D., The Western Meadow- lark and Other Birds near Edmonds, Wash., 274. Lindsey, Arthur, and Walter W. Bennett, Christ- mas Census, 33. Linton, M. Albert, see Mickle, Anna A. Lippincott, Joseph W., The Barn Owl’s Voice, 275. Logue, Mrs. Ida L., Christmas Census, 36. Loveland, Lillian S., An Albino Grackle, 208. Lundwall, Nelson, Christmas Census, 36. Luther, Caroline D., The Value of Charts and Pictures of Birds, 104. Lyons, Leonard, see Fulton, J. W. Macklin, Theodore, Our Neighbors of the Grape Vine, 127. Macnamara, Charles, Christmas Census, 12. Madison, H. L., Cardinal in Rhode Island, 94. Madison, H. L., Secretary, Report of, 461. Mallory, W. B., Christmas Census, 34; The Tenant of a Back-Yard Brush-Heap. 145. Marble, Richard M., Christmas Census, 13. Marbott, Douglas C., and Ernest G. Holt. Christmas Census, 24. and Liguori Gormley, Marsh, Earl, and D. W. Marsh, Christmas Cen- sus, I5. Marsh, Wm., see Greenleaf, Miles. Martin, G. A., Secretary, Report of, 458. Martz, Mrs. Warren, see Bicknell, Mrs. F. T. May, John B., M.D., Cedar Waxwings at the Pool, 142; Christmas Census, 14. McAtee, W. L., see Fisher, A. K. McCamant, Tom, see Strong, W. D. McConnell, Harry B., John Worley, and Ray- mond Timmons, Christmas Census, 31. McConnell, Thos. L., and L. F. Savage, Christ- mas Census, 23. McDowell, R. W., The History of a Martin- House, 146. McGrew, Albert D., see Burleigh, Thos. D. Mcllwraith Ornithological Club, Christmas Cen- sus, 12. McIver, John, see Noble, James. Mead, Raymond, Bert Moore, and Edward Black, Christmas Census, 30. Mellott, S. W., Christmas Census, 24. Mengel, Mr. and Mrs. Henry, Christmas Census, 23. Metzger, Edward, Christmas Census, 32. Michaels, Wm., see Hoffman, Ralph. Mickle, Anna A., Alice C. Darnell, M. Albert Linton, George H. Hallett, Jr., and William B. Evans, Christmas Census, 21. Miller, Abraham Beck, see Beck, Herbert H. Miller, Ansel B., Christmas Census, 23. Miller, W. DeW., Christmas Census, 22. Miner, Mr. and Mrs. Leo D., and Raymond W. Moore, Christmas Census, 25; see Moore, Mrs. Edgar W. Moore, Adelaide L., Poem by, 111. Moore, Arthur, see Williams, Ruth Myhan. Moore, Bert, see Mead, Raymond. Moore, Mrs. Edgar W., Clarence R. Shoemaker, Mr. and Mrs. Leo D. Miner, and Raymond W. Moore, Christmas Census, 25. Moore, Raymond W., see Miner, Mr. and Mrs. Leo D.; see Moore, Mrs. Edgar W. Morgan, May, and S. Paul Jones, Christmas Census, 33. Morgan, William I., A Remarkable Nesting-Site, 139. Moses, Bert M., Winter Boarders, 333. Munger, Edwin H., Christmas Census, 16. Nature Club, Christmas Census, 13. Neff, Johnson, Christmas Census, 35. Nelson, Mr. and Mrs., and D. W. Pumyea, Christ- mas Census, 22. Nichols, Edward G., and Mr. and Mrs. L. N., Christmas Census, 18; see Hix, George E. Nichols, J. T., and Ludlow Griscom, Christmas Census, 18; see Johnson, J. M. Nicol, Jessie, see Williams, Ruth Myhan. Nisbet, M. C., A Wren Nest Tragedy, 264. Noble, James, John McIver, and Louis Finks, More Methods of Studying Birds in Junior Audubon Societies, 201. Noble, Jane G., and Esther Heacock, Christmas Census, 24. Norton, Arthur H., Remarks on the Nesting Habits of Swallows, 257; Annual Report, 414. Norton, William, An Iowa Cardinal, 271. Novak, Frank, Christmas Census, 16. Oberholser, Harry C., Washington Region, 153, 211, 277, 340; A Remarkable Roost in the City of Washington, 315; The Migration of North American Birds, 320. Oldys, Henry, Report of, 421. Otten, Henry L., see Fleischer, Edward. Over, W. H., and W. M. Willy, Christmas Cen- SUS, 34. Overton, Dr. Frank, Photograph by, 406. Packard, Reginald, see Sedwick, James. Packard, Winthrop, Field Agent, Annual Report, 410; Secretary, Report of, 446. Padon, Ella Florence, A Bird Masque in Two Acts, 351. Palmer, Dr. T. S., Reviews by, 46, 156, 214, 280. Pangburn, Dwight B. and Clifford H., Christmas Census, 17. Parker, Emelin Know, Starlings at Carlisle, Pa., 148. Parker, J. Hollowell, The Starling in Baltimore, gl. Pattee, Bertha Traer, Secretary, Report of, 444. Patteson, S. Louise, Mockingbird in Cleveland, I4I. Pearce, Richard M., and William Pepper, Christ- mas Census, 23. Pearson, T. Gilbert, Reviews by, 45; The Eng- lish Sparrow, 60; Editorials by, 64, 116, 176, 232, 294, 368; Annual Report, 379; The Sage Grouse, 112; The Phcebe, 228; Pileated Wood- pecker, 364; Photographs by, "308, 401, 422. Pepper, William, see Pearce, Richard Perkins, Dr. Anne E., see Gray, Dr. Earle V. Peters, James i see Kittredge, J., Jr., 15. Pettee, L. B., A Bird on the Head, 266. Phillips, Charles L., Christmas Census, 14. Pierce, Nettie Sellinger, Christmas Census, 20. Pike, Mrs. Granville R., Field Agent, Annual Report, 428; Photograph by, 430. Pinkham, Roger D., An Albino Crow, 109. Pittman, H. and E., Photographs by, 263, 310, 332. Pittman, H. H., The American Crossbill, 332. Plimpton, G. E., T. F. Plimpton, Thomas Wood, and Edward H. Perkins, Christmas Census, 13. Potter, Julian K., Christmas Census, 20; Phila- delphia Region, 152, 210, 276, 338. Potter, L. H., Christmas Census, 13. Potter, Mabel L., and Frances Congdon, Christ- mas Census, 14. Powers, Arthur G., Florida Gallinule in Connec- ticut in April, 206. Pratt, Helen S., see Bicknell, Mrs. F. T. Preble, E. A., see Fisher, A. K. Pumyea, D. W., see Nelson, Mr. and Mrs. Raker, Mary E., Helen D. Tonseth, and Mar- garethe E. Wolle, Christmas Census, 37. Raymond, Mrs. C. E., see Craigmile, Esther. Reading, Gertrude, Secretary, Report of, 448. oe Raymond, Horned Larks at Rochester, Rice. Ward J., Christmas Census, 3 —— G. T. The Bik canoer Chickadee, Ringwalt, A. R., see Stockbridge, Chas. A. Roads, Letha E,, Christmas Census, 31. Robbins, C. A. and Frank, Christmas Census, 15. Robbins, R. E., Is the Cape May Warbler In- creasing in Numbers?, 93. Raehner, Theodore, Christmas Census, 18. Rogers, Charles H., Christmas Census, 109; Brrp-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census, 11; Eighteenth, 317; New York City Region, 1§2, 200, 276, 338. Rogers, Volney, see Fordyce, George L. vi Index Ross, Dr. and Mrs. Lucretius H., Christmas Census, 13; Warbler Notes from Bennington, Vt., 203; Vermont Notes, 205. Ruegg-Button, Mrs. Lily, Christmas Census, 34. Russell, John W., Christmas Census, 15. Sadler, Nettie M., and Emilie Goulding, Christ- mas Census, 20. Sage, Mary S., Field Agent, Annual Report, 427. Sanford, James M., see Hannum, E. Saunders, Aretas A., Christmas Census, 16. fig W. E., see MclIlwraith Ornithological ub. Savage, L. F., see McConnell, Thos. L. Sawyer, E. J., Colored plates by, facing 172, 228. Schaefer, Oscar F., Christmas Census, 36. Schafer, J. J., Christmas Census, 30. Schmidt, Ed., see Egan, Scoutmaster John. Schoonhaven, George, see Walsh, Lester Schwerdtfeger, F., A Wren’s Nest inside a Horn- ets’ Nest, 143. Scott, Hazel and Foster H., Christmas Census, ay Scott, Ruth H., The Story of ‘Beauty,’ Our Tame Oriole, 221. Sedwick, James, and Reginald Packard, Christ- mas Census, 30 °. Sellers, Helen MM. A Bird Exhibit, 335. Shaw, ‘Bertha, see Williams, Ruth Myhan. Shaw, H. S., Jr., An Unexpected Visitor, 88. Shaw, J. E. Norton, and William B. Sherman, Christmas Census, 14. Sherman, Minette, Chronicles of a Hummingbird Family, 200. Sherman, William B., see Shaw, J. E. Norton. Shields, Mabel Agnes, see Howe, Inez Addie, 13. Shirling, A. E., Christmas Census, 35; Kansas City Region, 154; Summer Birds of Swope Park, 273. at gers Clarence R., see Moore, Mrs. Edgar Shove, Ellen M., Evening Grosbeaks in Fall River, Mass., 42. Simonds, Susie L., Christmas Census, 33. Simpson, Eugene, Assistant Secretary, Report ol, 447. Slate, John B., Christmas Census, 34- Smith, EE: Christmas Census, 31. Smith, E. E., and Frank Bruen, Christmas Cen- sus, 16. Smith, Mrs. Edith H., A Practical Solution of the Sparrow Problem, 43. Smith, Miriam, An Unusual Experience, 170. Smith, Wilbur F., see Hall, James, 17; More Alien Depredation, 69; Notes from Southern Connecticut, 89; An Experience with an Ameri- can Bittern, 264; Photographs by, 438, 430. Speck, Frank G., Bird Gardening on Cape Ann, 132. Squires, Walter A., see Hansen, Harold E. St. John, Edward P., Christmas Census, 17. Stalker, Alex., Christmas Census, 36; Snowy Owls in Idaho, 206. Stewart, Ruth and Louis, and Fay and Fern Wells, Christmas Census, 37. Stockbridge, Chas. A., and A. R. Ringwalt Christmas Census, 30. Stone, C. F., Photograph by, 44 Stone, Dr. Witmer, Field yitog Annual Report, 432. Stoner, Dayton, Cardinal Capturing a Cicada, 337: Strong, W. D., Tom McCamant, and W. L. Brewster, Jr., Christmas Census, 37. Index vii Sullivan, Richard H., The Purple Martin at Wichita, Kan., 83. Swope, Eugene, Field Agent, Annual Report, 411; Photograph of, 413. Taylor, Alex. R., and May E. Carr, Christmas Census, 27. Taylor, W. S., and W. H. Nichi Christmas Census, 35. Terry, F. D., see Dean, J. Thomas, C. R., see Hansen, Harold E. Thompson, Alonzo, A Community of Albino Robins, 71. - Thomson, Ethan W., Evening Grosbeaks at Cadillac, Mich., 337. Thornber, Harriet B., Secretary, Report of, 436. Tichenor, Martha K., Christmas Census, 28. Timmons, Raymond, see McConnell, Harry B. Tindall, Charles, see Hoffman, Ralph. Tonseth Helen D., see Raker, Mary E. _ Towne, Dr. S. R., see Greenleaf, Miles. Townsend, Manley B., see Nature Club, 13. Townsend, Manley B., An Evening Grosbeak Summers in New Hampshire, 204; Nesting Habits of the Cliff Swallow, 252; Annual Report, 455. Tullsen, Mr. and Mrs. H., Christmas Census, 36. Turner, Blanche A., A Wren’s Nesting-place, 94. Tyler, Winsor M., M. D., Boston Region, ay 275, 338. Upton, Lucy, The Skylark at Home, 108; Chim- ney Swifts Gathered for the Fall Migration, 203. Vibert, C. W., Christmas Census, 17. Vibert, C. W., and G. T. Griswold, Notes from Southern Connecticut, 89. Vinal, William Gould, The Black-crowned Night Heron, 163. Wagner, Ralph E., A School-Sustained Bird Reservation, 135. Waite, Emily S. M., Photograph by, 171. Wallace, Harriet E., Evening Grosbeak in Penn- sylvania, 43. Walsh, Lester, and George Schoonhaven, Christ- mas Census, 20. Walter, 85 Hall, Editorials by, 49, 99, 158, 216, 282, 3 Wanlece 4 yarold R., Christmas Census, 22. Warner, Mr. and Mrs. Willis H., see Fordyce, George L. Warren, Edward R., President, Report of, 437. Warren, W. H., see Taylor, W. S. cs C. G., see MclIlwraith Ornithological ub. Way, W. Scott, Secretary, Report of, 443. Weaver, Sarah Waldran, The White-breasted Nuthatch and the Food-Counter, 55; My Real Estate Business, 109; My First Trip to a Real Bird-haven, 168. Weisgerber, H. W., Christmas Census, 32. Wells, Fay and Fern, see Stewart, Ruth and Louis. Welty, Dr. Emma J., Secretary, Report of, 460. Wetmore, Alex., see Fisher, A. K. Wetter, Albert, Christmas Census, 33. White, Bertha E., Secretary, Report of, 461. Whitney, T. H., Red-bellied Woodpecker in Iowa, 206. Wilcox, Alice W., Bird-Protection in the War Countries, 150. Wiley, Farida, Mrs. G. Clyde Fisher, and Ruth Anna Fisher, Christmas Census, 109. Williams, Belle, Christmas Census, 27. Williams, Mrs. A. N., Ruth Myhan, Jessie Nicol, Mrs. M. R. Freshwater, Bertha Shaw, Arthur Moore, and Florence L. Gregory, Christmas Census, 33. Williams, R. S., The Evening Grosbeak in New York City, 42. Willy, W, M., see Over, W. H. Wilson. Etta S., Christmas Census, 30. Winsor, Paul, Jr., see Eaton, Warren F., 1 Wolle, Margarethe E., see Raker, Mary E. Wood, Sheridan F., Christmas Census, 32. Wood, Theresa, The Goldfinch, 267. Worley, John, see McConnell, Harry B., Christ- mas Census, 31. Wright, Horace M., Christmas Census, 13. Wyman, L. E., see Bicknell, Mrs. F. T. Young, J. P., Christmas Census, 25. Young, John P. and Chas. V. P., Christmas Census, 24. INDEX TO CONTENTS Advisory Committees, National, 295. Advisory Council, Brrp-LorE’s, 40. Albinism, 71, 109. American Ornithologists’ Union, The, Thirty- fifth Annual Meeting of, 342. Amston Experiment Station, The, 118, 423. Arizona, 36, 436. Audubon Pocket Bird Collection, noticed, 45. Audubon Societies, Annual Report of the Na- tional Association of, 377; Reports of State, 436. Auk, The, reviewed, 97, 213, 270, 343. Baldpate, 154. Ball’s ‘A Year with the Birds,’ reviewed, 45. Bergtold’s ‘A Study of the Incubation Periods of Birds: What Determines Their Lengths,’ reviewed, 278. Bird Calendar, figured, 473. Bird Census, Brrp-Lorr’s Seventeenth, 11; Eighteenth, 317. Bird Clubs, 68, 176, 241, 379, 382. Bird Enemies, 174. Bird Houses, figured, 53, 60, 90, 91, 138, 147, 236, 458; 100, 146, 148 Bird Life, Effect of War on, 232. Bird Migration, 151, 209, 272, 275, 203, 204, 338. Bird Protection, 72, 116, 123, 135, 150, 182, 234, 237, 242, 205. Bird Refuges, 117, 135. Bird Study, 55, 56, 58, 163, 282. Bird’s Bath, figured, 68, 142, 145, 207, 430; 141, 144. Birds’ Feathers, 216, 372; Exportation of, 295; Importation of, 178. Birds’ Songs, 160, 161, 162, 271, 274, 289. Bittern, American, figured facing, 127. Blackbird, Brewer’s 341; Red-winged, 134, 144, 152, 153, 154; Rusty, £52, 153, 154, 200, 210; Thick-billed Red-winged, 154. Bluebird, 94, 134, 141, 144, 152, 153, 341} fig- ured, 138. Bobolink, 134, 338. Bob-white, 124, 276. Bowdish, Beecher S., Photograph of, 457. Brooks, Major Allan, Photograph of, 3. Brown, Julian, Photograph of, 4or. Bufflehead, 211. Bunting, Indigo, 210, 211; Painted, 205; Snow, 144. 169, 172, 204, 206, 264; figured, 265; Least, California, 37, 38, 436. Canvasback, 154. Cardinal, 94, 149, 152, 271, 337. Catbird, 133, 144. Cats, 110, 132, 178. Chat, Yellow-breasted, 211. Chickadee, Acadian, 43, 90; figured, 44, 300; Black-cap, 152, 288, 338; Brown-cap, 11, 151, 1§2; Hudsonian, 11; Hudsonian Brown-cap, 1t; Labrador Brown-cap, It. Colorado, 36, 305, 340, 437 se ae 5; Trap for, figured, 6; Wing of, figured, Bee dos, The, reviewed, 46, 156, 214, 280, 344. Connecticut, 16, 17, 89, 204, 206, 265, 437. Conservation Commission, New York State, 304. Coot, 154. Cormorant, Double-crested, 211. Council, Advisory, see Advisory Council. Cowbird, 144, 153. Crandall’s ‘Pets: Their History and Care’, re- viewed, 213. Creeper, Brown, 152. Crossbill, Red, 11, 152, 153, 332, 338; figured, 332; White-winged. 11, tag 153, 204, 338. Crow, 153, 154; Albino, Cuckoo, Black-billed, ace: Yellow- billed, 211. Davis’s Bird Poems,’ reviewed, 155. Diatryma, The Giant Bird, 1093; figured, 104, 195. District of Columbia, 440. Dove, Mourning, 153, 154, 341. Duck, Baldpate, 154; Black, 154, 210; Blue- winged Teal, 154; Bufflehead, 211; Gadwall, 154; Golden-eye, 211; Greater Scaup, 154; Lesser Scaup, 154; Mallard, 276; Pintail, 154, 276; Ring-necked, 211; Wood, 141, 143. DuPont, General Coleman, Photograph of, 378. Eagle, Golden, 341. Egret, American, figured, 250; 251, 277. Egrets, Protection in Venezuela of, 205. Eider, King, 80. Feeding Birds, 8, 43, 54, 55, 124, 158, 260, 303, 374; figured, 260; An effective device for, 8 Field Agents, Reports of, 407. Finch, Purple, 93, 330. Finley, Phoebe Katherine, Photograph of, 418. Finley, William L., 302; Photograph of, 416. Finley’s ‘Birds of the Campus,’ reviewed, 279. Flicker, Northern, 154. Florida, 28, 29, 123, 442. Flycatcher, Acadian, 339; Ash-throated, figured, 140; Crested, 210; Least, 277, 338; Yellow- bellied, 211. Forest Fires, Loss of Bird-Life in, 71. Forbush, Edward Howe, Photograph of, 408. Forbush’s ‘Food Plants to Attract Birds and Pro- tect Fruit,’ noticed, 97; ‘Ninth Annual Report of the State Ornithologist of Massachusetts,’ reviewed, 155; ‘The Natural Enemies of Birds,’ reviewed, 96. Gadwall, 154. Gallinule, Florida, 206. Georgia, 28, 20, 372. Gnatcatcher, Blue-gray, 153, 210. Golden-eye, 211. Goldfinch, 170, 267, 340. Goose, Canada, 143, 153, 154; figured, 406; White- fronted, 154. Gorst, Charles Crawford, Photograph of, 434. Goshawk, II, 152, 154. Grackle, Albino Bronzed, 208; Bronzed, 153, 154, 341; ey 263. Purple, 143. 153, 277, 340; Rusty, 1 Grebe, Holbeell’ s, 89, 152; Horned, 152; Pied- billed, 154. (viii) Index ix Grosbeak, Black-headed, 341; Evening, 11, 42, 43, 47, 90, 148, 140, 151, 152, 153, 204, 200, 210, 310; figured, 85, 310, 311, 312, 313, 3373 Pine, 11, 43, 151, 152; Rose-breasted, 210, 211, 268, 277. Grouse, Sage, figured, facing rr2. Gull, Bonaparte’s, 89; Great Black-backed, 143; Herring, 210, 339; Laughing, 89, 211, 338; Ring-billed, 80, 211. Hardenberg’s ‘Bird Playmates,’ reviewed, 155. Hawk, Pigeon, 143; Red-tailed, figured, 3109. Hen, Heath, 407. Heron, Black-crowned Night, 135, 163, 107; Nest and young figured, 164; Great Blue, 73, 152, 153, 200, 277; figured, 74, 75, 76; Nest figured, 77; Little Blue, 211, 276, 277, 330. Higgins, Joy Montgomery, Photograph of, 342. Horton, Charles B., Photograph of, 376. Hummingbird, Costa’s, 200; Ruby-throated, 202, 211, 266, 276. Idaho, 206. Illinois, 30, 43, 44, 242. Indiana, 30, 31, 446, sor. Ingersoll’s ‘An Index to Bird-Lore,’ reviewed, 96 Iowa, 33, 34, 206, 271. Jay, Blue, 154, 209, 336; figured, 240. Job, Herbert K., Photograph of, 422. Junco, Slate-colored, 209, 338. Kansas, 83. Kentucky, 30, 447. Killdeer, 89, 153, 154, 265. Kingbird, 210; Arkansas, 341; Cassin’s, 341. Kingfisher, 153, 170; Belted, 12, 154. Kinglet, Golden-crowned, 210; Ruby-crowned, 153, 209, 210, 330 Kuser’s “The Way to Study Birds,’ reviewed, 278. Lark, Horned, figured, 318. Legislation, 72, 116, 178, 294, 372, 395, 407. Louisiana, 117; Water-fowl in, 117. 152, 205; Prairie Horned, 02; Maine, 414. Mallard, 276. Martin, 53; Eastern Purple, 262; Gray-breasted, figured, facing 243; Purple, 83, 133, 153, 212, 262, 277, 315, 339; figured, facing 243; West- ern Purple, 262. Maryland, o2. aerphoese: 23: 14; ES; 42;'033.203; 275, 338, 410 Mentahon, Walt F., 123. Meadowlark, 1543 figured, 10; Western, 274. Merganser, Hooded, 143, 154; Red-breasted, 154. Michigan, 33, 337, 448. Migration, see Bird Migration. Migratory Bird Law, see Legislation. Minnesota, 33. Missouri, 34, 273. Mockingbird, 90, 110, 141, 149, 154, 270; figured, 144, 269. Montana, 36. Munger, Mrs. Edith C., Photograph of, 440. Nature Study Review, noticed, 156 Nebraska, 34, 302, 450. Nesting Habits of Swallows, 252, 257. New Hampshire, 12, 81, 204, 455. New Jersey, 20, 21, 22, 93, 140. 456. New York, 17, 18, 10, 20, 276, 338. Nighthawk, 211, 341. North Carolina, 26, 27, 458. Nuthatch, Red-breasted, 12, 338. Ohio, 31, 32, 33, 124, 141, 242, 340, 411, 450. Ontario, 12, 93. Oregon, 37, 460. Oriole, Baltimore, 133, 134, 149, 276; Bullock’s, 340; Orchard, 339. Ovenbird, 209, 212, 338, 339. Owl. Barn, 275; Voice of the, 275; Barred, 266; Long-eared, 88; Screech, figured, 88; Short- eared, 154; Snowy, 206; figured, facing 185. Pearson’s ‘The Bird Study Book,’ reviewed, 155. Pellett’s ‘Our Back-Door Neighbors, reviewed, 343. Pellets, Owl, 266. Pennsylvania, 22, 23, 24, 32, 43, 148, 205, 276, 338. Petrel, Wilson’s, 80. Pewee, Wood, 210, 341; Nest and young, figured, 190. Phoebe 152, 153, 154, 228; figured, facing 229. Pintail, 154. Pipit, 144. Plover, Black- bellied, 338; Piping, 339; Sem/- palmated, 340. Pullen’s ‘Some Bird Friends,’ noticed, 97. Quail, California, figured, 427; Scaled, figured, 426. Rail, Virginia, 243; figured, 244, 246, 247, 248; Nest and eggs, figured, 245. Redpoll, 11, 151, 152. Redstart, 81, 134, 330. Refuges, Bird, see Bird Refuges. Reservation, Bird, 117, 135. Rhode Island, 15, 94, 148, 241, 461. Robbins, Miss Leona, Death of, 123. Robin, 65, 92, 127, 152, 153. 154, 200, 259, 276, 336, 341; figured, 127, 128, 120, 131, 250, 437; Albino, 71, 208; Killing of, 238. Sage, Mary S., Photograph of, 420. Sandpiper, Red-backed, 211; Semipalmated, 185, 340; figured, 188, 189, 190, t91; Nest and eggs, figured, 185, 187; Stilt, 338; Western, 338; White-rumped, 210. Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied, 200, 210. Scaup, Greater, 154; Lesser, 154. Schantz, O. M., Photograph of, 445. Scoter, White-winged, 143. Scudder’s ‘Conservation of our Wild Birds, reviewed, 95. Season, The, 151, 209, 275, 338. Shoveler, 154. Shrike, Loggerhead, 339; Northern, 11, 152, 154. Siskin, Pine, 11, 151, 152, 153, 200, 338, 340. Skylark, 108. Snipe, Wilson’s, 154. Song Birds for Food, Killing of, 303. Sora, 211. South Carolina, 27, 28, 432. Sparrow, Chipping, 133, 134, 154, 200, 276, 338, 341; English, see Sparrow, House; Field, 154, 209, 276; Fox, 152, 153, 154, 200; Gambel’ SS 154; Harris’s, 154; Henslow’s, 153, 276; House, 43, 60, 146, 147, 153, 276; figured, facing 60; Lark, 92; Leconte’s, 154; Savannah, 209; Song, 133, 152, 154, 276; Swamp, 154, 211; Tree, 154; figured, 318, 341; Vesper, 154; White- crowned, 154, 210, 211; White-throated, 154, 172; 205, 200, 338, figured, facing 172. x Index Starling, European, 91, 148, 277. Swallow, 94; Albino Barn, 208; Bank, 211, 326, 331; figured, facing 305; Barn, 209, 210; fig- ured, facing 243; 253, 258, 262; Cliff, 252, 258, 320, 330; figured, facing 305; Nests figured, 254; Eastern Cliff, 320; Lesser Cliff, 320; Mexican Cliff, 320; Rough-winged, 328, 331, 339; figured, facing 305; Tree, 132, 200, 212, 258, 322, 331; figured, facing 305; Violet- Green, 325, 330; figured, facing 305. Swan, Whistling, 153. Swift, Black, 341; Chimney, 133, 209, 293, 338, 340. Tanager, Scarlet, 210, 276. Teal, Blue-winged, 154. Tennessee, 20, 372, 441. Tern, Black, 210, 211; Caspian, 211, 340; Com- mon, 211; oa 409. Texas, 35, 3 Thorburn’s British Birds,’ reviewed, 95. Thrasher, Bendire’s, 39; Brown, 133, 144, 145; figured, 146; California, figured, facing 1; 39; figured, 170; Crissal, figured, facing 1; 39; Desert, 30; Leconte’s, figured, facing 1; 30. Thrush, Gray-cheeked, 277; Hermit, 144, 154, 338, 330; Varied, 273; Wood, 210, 276. Towhee, 154, 276; figured, 212, 270. Townsend, Manley B., Photograph of, 455. Trafton’s ‘Bird Friends,’ reviewed, 45. Vermont, 13, 203, 2 Vireo, Biuc headed, ae Plumbeous, 341; eyed, 210, 276; Warbling, 206, 211, Yellow-throated, 210, 212, 276. Virginia, 25, 26, 201. Vulture, Black, 143; Turkey, 143, 153, 154, 341. Red- 341; Wallace Evans Game Farm, The, 370. Warbler, Bay-breasted, 204, 209, 210, 277, 338; Black and White, 338; Blackburnian, 210, 277; Black-poll, 209, 210, 277, 338; Black-throated Green, 277, 339; Blue-winged, 211; Canadian, 205, 210, 277, 339; Cape May, 93, 203, 200, 210, 264, 338; Chestnut-sided, 134, 277, 3393 Golden-winged, 210; Lawrence’s, 90; Magnolia 210, 277; Mourning, 211, 277; Myrtle, 209, 338; Nashville, 276; Parula, 209; Pine, 200, 276; Prothonotary, 211; Tennessee, 204, 205, 209, 210, 276, 277, 338; Wilson’s, 204; Yellow, 133, 134, 276, 341; Yellow Palm, 209; Yellow- throated, 150. Washington, 37, 92, 273, 274 428. Water-Fowl, Breeding of Wild, 118. Water-Thrush, Louisiana 153; Northern, 211, 277; Waxwing, Bohemian, 92, 153, 154; figured, 305, 306, 307, 308; Cedar, 92, 133, 134, 142, 209, 277; figured, 142. Way, W. Scott, Photograph of, 443. Wayne’s ‘A List of Avian Species for Which the Type Locality Is South Carolina,’ reviewed, 343. Wellesley Bird-Box, The, 90 West Virginia, 26, 92, 461. Whip-poor-will, 211. Winnetaska Bird Charts, The, noticed, 280. Winter Feeding Poster, A, noticed, 46. Wisconsin, 33. Wren, Alaska, figured, facing 73; 87; Aleutian, 87; Bewick’s, figured, facing 73; 86; Carolina, 152; House, figured, facing 73; 86, 94, 143, nest figured, 143; 264, 276; Long-billed Marsh; figured, facing 73; 87, 276; Marsh, 330; Short- billed Marsh, figured, facing 73; 87; Western House, 340; Winter, 87, 154; figured, facing 73. Woodcock, 153, 276. Woodpecker, Downy, figured, 341; Northern Pileated, 211; Pileated, 364; figured, facing 364; Red-bellied, 206; Red-headed, 143. Yellow-legs, Greater, 211. Yellow-throat, Maryland, 133, 134; Northern, 339. 1. CrissAL THRASHER 2. CALIFORNIA THRASHER 3. Lecontr’s THRASHER ird- Lore A BI-MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE STUDY AND PROTECTION OF BIRDS OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE AUDUBON SOCIETIES Vol. XIX JANUARY—FEBRUARY, 1917 No. 1 Birds in the War-Zone By MAJOR ALLAN BROOKS FEW notes on the effect of the present unnatural conditions on the bird- Aiee of the war-zone in Flanders may be of interest to the readers of Birp-Lore. These conditions may be summarized briefly as follows: 1. Complete cessation of all hunting. 2. Increase of natural enemies, especially rats. 3. Heavy gun-fire. 4. Aéroplanes in large numbers. An army order, early in the war, prohibited all hunting and shooting in the war-zone during the duration of the war. This is rigidly enforced, and violations are rare. Personally, I have only once seen a bird of any kind shot here, which will indicate the immunity birds enjoy in this respect. A large increase of birds, especially game birds, should be the result, but the reverse seems to be the case. Whether this is due to an increase of natural enemies such as Crows, Mag- pies, weasels, and rats, I cannot say. All of these seem to have increased, especially the last. This increase is not due to the immense amount of carrion, as I have never seen a Crow or Magpie indulging in a carrion diet out here. The wastage of food and grain accounts for the increase of rats, and the large numbers of stoats and weasels seen in the trenches may be a concomitant of this increase. Cats also abound, but seem to confine their hunting almost exclusively to mice. Game birds—Pheasants and Gray Partridges—are scarce, as a rule; by far the greater number can be seen in the immediate vicinity of the firing line. Wood-pigeons and Turtle-doves are common everywhere. Small birds (including Thrushes, Blackbirds, and Larks, which are treated 2 Bird - Lore as game in France) are fairly common, but nothing approaching their abun- dance in England. The effect of cannon-fire on birds is amazing. Almost without exception they absolutely disregard it. Even easily disturbed birds, like Crows and Wood- pigeons, are quite indifferent. My first experience of a heavy cannonade was in the early spring of last year (1915). The Blackbirds were all singing in the trees that lined the Yser Canal when on a sudden hundreds of guns of every calibre burst into a terrific and continuous cannonade; the enemy answered, and shells tore through the trees for hour after hour. The effect was absolutely stunning to us humans, and when after three hours there was a sudden and complete cessation, the first thing that one’s reeling senses realized was that the Blackbirds were still serenely fluting away— I don’t think they had ever ceased. Another time I was listening to the rich chucklings and gurglings of a Night- ingale—the first of the season—and had located the songster with my glass, when the morning calm was shattered by a burst of rifle-fire close by; the retiring and elusive bird paid no attention, nor did he seek a lower or less con- spicuous perch. The only exception I have noticed out here to this general disregard (natural or acquired?) of noise, was in the case of one species, the Green Sandpiper, the Old World congener of our Solitary Sandpiper. Twice I have seen this bird, and each time in a highly nervous state from shell-fire. One of these instances afforded me some amusement at a time when a diversion was welcome. We were enduring nine hours of heavy hostile shelling with very inadequate shelter. As I lay behind a breastwork of sandbags, I watched the antics of a Green Sandpiper who was trying to get his breakfast in the water-filled shell-holes close by. Every time he settled, a big high explosive shell would burst nearby with a deafening crash and a geyser of black loam, and away would go the poor bird to circle in the blue for perhaps ten minutes, and then pitch down in front of me again, to repeat the same performance as another shell would land near him almost immediately. Meanwhile an unruffled Cuckoo called continuously in some nearby pol- lard willows, and Larks (Crested Larks, very much like Sky-larks) rose one after the other, sometimes from the close vicinity of a bursting shell, singing serenely as if there was nothing to mar a perfect day. My friend, M’C. de B. Green, who is driving an ambulance for the French in the Vosges, tells me the same indifference to shell-fire exists in the birds of that region, and with a corresponding scarcity of game. Wild boar however are apparently on the increase. He also made the discovery of a new enemy to bird-life, although he had suspected its existence for some years past. This is the large slug of these parts, which destroys a large proportion of the eggs of ground and low-nesting small MAJOR ALLAN BROOKS 4 Bird - Lore birds. It took him some time to get sufficient evidence, but it is pretty nearly conclusive. Of six Nightingales’ nests he had under observation, only one escaped the slugs, and this was on account of its unusually high position. While living on Queen Charlotte Island, B. C., some years ago, he suspected the large slug of those parts of similar depredations. This would indicate how much we have to learn in our efforts to protect birds. Few people in America realize what a very small proportion of the destruc- tion of bird-life—especially small-bird-life—is due to human agency, and how futile is the effort which is solely directed against the small boy, the sportsman, and the collector, as the only enemies of birds. One has to go to England, with its teeming wealth of bird-life, to see what intelligent preservation and pro- tection can really accomplish. A feature that strikes one over here, both in France and England, is the immense amount of cover for birds, and also the quantity of the food-supply that is afforded by the different wild fruits and berries. Just now every hedge is glistening with loads of blackberries, and all through the winter the hollies and hawthorns afford a plentiful food-supply to many fruit-eating species. The winter Thrushes—Field-fares and Redwings—are coming south now in large flocks. The first Field-fares arrived on September 18, 1916, just ten days after the last Swift had left. _ - A few Swallows and Martins stay until October 20, much later than they would do with equal weather conditions in America. The subject of migrations recalls an incident of last April. While following the course of a brisk little engagement between six or seven aéroplanes, my | glass suddenly encountered a flight of six white Storks, which were caught between the opposing ‘planes,’ and it was wonderful to see the spurt of speed the great ungainly birds put on, but the aircraft seemed to pass them easily. Usually birds pay no attention to aircraft, possibly familiarity may have induced this condition. One species that may have been driven away by the heavy gun-fire is the Lapwing. This Plover is very abundant in England now, and almost absent from this region where it should be common. Flanders, Oct. 29, 1916. A Condor’s Quill By FRANK M. CHAPMAN HEN I see a woman wearing a Condor’s quill, I wonder if she ever \ \) thinks of the bird it once helped to soar far above the Andes through the dome of the sky. And I wonder, too, what unfortunate chain of circumstances has brought this noble plume from the top of a mountain to the side of a bonnet! I shall rarely, if ever, know whether the broad pinion raises the mind that lies so near (and yet alas! so far!) to it to flights in the realm of fancy; but I have lately learned how the majestic bird that bore it was sacrificed to the demands of a fashion which threatens its kind with extermination. It was in Mendoza, Argentina, that on a recent journey to South America I met a man who, by profession, is a hunter of Condors. We have all heard of elephant hunters, seal hunters and bear hunters, we know only too well the work of the plume-hunter, and I once met a man who was a hunter of iguanas, but never had I supposed that so useful and inoffensive a creature as the Condor would become some man’s special quarry. Its flesh is not edible, for it is one of nature’s scavengers and feeds upon carrion; its plumage is neither bright in color nor dainty in form; but fashion has set a price upon its great wing- and tail-feathers, and not even the remote cafions and great altitudes of the moun- tains in which it lives can give it sanctuary. For years, this Mendoza hunter has relentlessly pursued the Condor in the Argentine Andes. Some he has shot, more he has trapped, and others he has bought. The total number of these magnificent birds for whose destruction he is responsible he told me, with the matter of fact air of one giving crop statis- tics, is 16,000! As a result of this one man’s persecution, the Condor is now a compara- tively rare bird throughout an area over two thousand miles in length, and it was admitted that further killing would practically exterminate it in western Argentina. Only the wing- and tail-quills have a commercial value, and consequently these alone are saved. They number usually eighty-four, and for these eighty- four feathers, the equivalent of one Condor, the price paid prior to the war, was twenty dollars. All shipments were made to dealers in Paris. The present price is ten dollars, a sum which we may be thankful is too low to tempt our Mendoza collector. With a fine show of feeling and an evidently vague con- ception of the ethics involved, he exclaimed dramatically: ‘I refuse to exter- minate such a wonderful bird for so small a sum!” So here are the two ends of the chain which is dragging the poor Condor to its doom—Miss Blank of the Center of Civilization and the Hunter of the Heart of the Andes. Who is to blame? We all know Miss Blank. She may be just as tender-hearted as she is innocent of intentional wrong-doing; quite proba- (5) 6 Bird - Lore bly she has accepted her milliner’s verdict that the quill she is wearing came from a barn-yard fowl. Certainly, if you were to accuse her of promoting the extinction of the Condor, she would question your sanity. Blissful ignorance best describes her mental condition, so far as Condors are concerned; but how about our Andean hunter? Does he show no regret for the destruction he has wrought? If he does, it is largely tempered by the reward his activity has brought him. His is not an environment designed to arouse an esthetic appre- ciation of the Condor’s flight, or to impress him with its economic value. To his mind a living Condor is an asset to be realized upon only by death. I rather ew od Sedeitaty. 7.” eet A CONDOR TRAP IN THE ARGENTINE ANDES There were thirty-seven Condors in the trap when the photograph was made Photographed by Pernando Porta. suspect that his refusal to kill the birds for half the price he had been accus- tomed to receive was more a matter of business than of sentiment, and that when the price reaches its former level he will resume the chase. There is neither law nor public opinion to say him nay, and why should we expect this one man to differ from his fellows? Between innocence and ignorance, then, it will go hard with the Condor unless some one comes to its rescue. Here it is that educated and organized bird protectors come to the fore. Possibly they can exert small influence in the Heart of the Andes, and by moral suasion alone they have not been completely successful in the Center of Civilization! But they have secured the passage, as well as enforcement, of laws the effects of which reach to the furthermost A Condor’s Quill 4 corners of the earth. While the existing stock lasts, Miss Blank may continue to wear her silvery pinion, but if she lives within the border of the United States let her cherish it carefully, for Federal law prohibits the importation of Condor’s feathers, as well as those of other wild birds; and with the enactment of this statute no small part of the world’s millinery mart was closed to Condor quills! Let us hope that other nations will follow this example. Like most hunters whose pursuit of a certain animal leads them to a study of its habits, this Mendoza slayer of Condors had acquired much information concerning the object of his pursuit, and could relate many interesting reminiscences of the chase. The latest South American guide book (and in most respects a very reliable book it is) tells us that the Condor attacks “pigs, sheep, children and rarely a A CONDOR’S WING This wing contains thirty-five large quills, and measures 4 feet, 8 inches, from base to tip grown man,” but our killer of thousands said that he had never known but one to ‘show fight.’ This was a trapped bird which, supposing it to be dead, he picked up by the neck, when the startled creature planted both feet on his breast and beat him vigorously with its wings. Doubtless the bird’s chief object was escape, and if it had been given its freedom it no doubt would soon have been in full flight. Although he had shot as many as one hundred and fourteen Condors in a single day, by far the larger number were netted. The net was baited with a dead horse which, it was explained, must have been in good condition, and from concealment in a nearby hole it was sprung with a wire. No big game hunter could have described a thrilling, dangerous moment in the chase more dramati- cally than did our Condor hunter tell of his excitement when the big birds 8 Bird - Lore gathered to the feast, and he waited for the last one to come within reach of the net. The largest number ever taken at a single ‘throw’ he said was sixty-four. The net shown in the accompanying picture, which he presented to me, con- tained thirty-seven Condors, some of which can be dimly seen. Condors, like their humble relatives the Turkey Buzzard and Black Vul- ture, evidently return to certain regularly frequented roosts for the night. Our hunter said that he counted eight hundred in a single roost; surely few gather- ings of birds could be more impressive. The Condor of the Andes, like the Condor of California, lays its singie white egg in a cave or similar retreat, and builds no nest. The nesting season begins in September, or early spring. After deducting a fair margin for expenses, shipping charges, etc., one might imagine that to sell 16,000 Condors for twenty dollars each would leave the hunter a comparatively wealthy man. But our Mendoza hunter has only a small share of the world’s goods.. Apparently the pursuit of the Condor is not designed to bring good fortune to those who engage in it. The proceeds of his hunting he invested in a powder mill which subsequently exploded! All that the world has to show, therefore, for the 16,000 Condors it has lost, is the few frayed quills which have not yet reached the ash-heap. An Effective Feeding Device By JOHN C. LEE, Wellesiey, Mass. HE accompanying sketch shows an inexpensive and simplified form of the well-known von Berlepsch food-bell, which can be readily made by anybody who can use a soldering iron and a few simple tools. This device is particularly useful during the winter months for feeding the Chickadees and Nuthatches. It holds a lot of food and requires very little attention. The amount of food in the bottle can always be observed without taking it down. I have used this type of feeder with considerable success in wooded areas which are badly infested with gypsy moths. I find that the Chickadees attracted by the feeder are including in their diet a great many of the gypsy moth eggs. For food I have been using a mixture of about 25 per cent hemp seed, 25 per cent sunflower seed, and 50 per cent cracked corn. The essential portions of the feeder are lettered as follows: A is what is known as a one-gallon amber packing-bottle, and can be had at almost any drug store for about ten cents. B is a tube about five inches long which fits into the neck of the bottle. This can be readily made by bending a piece of thin galvanized sheet-iron about a round stick, An Effective Feeding Device 9 C is a weather shield made by first cutting a disk of galvanized iron about ten inches in diameter and making a hole in the center for the tube B to pass through, then cutting a pie-shaped piece from the disk and drawing the edges together to form a cone. The edges should be soldered together and the shield soldered to the tube. D is a 4-inch flower-pot saucer supported by three wire arms bent as indi- cated and soldered to the tube B. The wire arms are adjusted so that the end | of the tube comes about 1% inch from the bottom of the saucer. E is a supporting wire which starts in a small loop near the top of the feeder on one side, passes down through the shield C around one side of the tube B, through the shield again, and up to a loop corresponding and the one on the opposite side. The holes where the wire passes through the shield should be closed with a little solder. F is a wire band passing completely around the bottle and rather loosely fitted. It is looped around each end of the supporting wire E. G is a wire supporting loop attached to each end of the wire E. All of the wire used in making the device should be galvanized, and not smaller than No. 9 Brown and Sharpe gauge. The feeder can be easily filled by inverting it so that the bottle is right side up, then slipping off the metal portions and pouring the food in through a se ee ees funnel. The food should be free from bits of grass BIRD-FEEDER or other substances likely to obstruct the tube. It is necessary to use an amber bottle in making the feeder rather than one of plain glass, for the reason that with plain glass the sun causes the moisture from the seeds to collect on the walls of the bottle. This moisture in time makes some of the seeds mold and clot together. The feeders can, of course, be readily made by any tinsmith. As to their probable cost, I can only say that a tinsmith in this vicinity is making them in considerable quantities and selling them in lots of one dozen at 75 cents each, or a single one for $1.00. SS a) MEADOWLARK—A MALE NEAR THE NEST Photographed by Arthur A, Allen, Ithaca, N. Y. (10) Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census / \HE Census for 1916 shows that this winter will go down into ornithologi- cal history as memorable for its great southward flight of the irregular winter visitors from the North. The most interesting of these is Penthes- tes hudsonicus, which has come further south and in greater numbers than it has ever before been known to do. So far, the ‘farthest south’ reported for it is ‘the Moravian Cemetery at New Dorp, Staten Island, New York City, with others nearly as far south just north of Scotch Plains, near Plainfield, N. J. Till this season there had been no record of this species for the Hudson Valley below Poughkeepsie, for Long Island or for New Jersey. The name I have used for it throughout the Census is ‘Hudsonian Chickadee,’ as that is the accepted name of the species; the subspecies visiting us not having been fully determined. Individuals taken (some about Boston, one at New Dorp and one at Scotch Plains) are not Acadians, but belong to the subspecies* from the forests of Labra- dor recently described by Townsend. The use of ‘Hudsonian Chickadee’ for the species and also for one of its subspecies is confusing, and I take this occasion to propose that the species (P. hudsonicus) be called the ‘Brown-cap Chickadee’ (the extra -ped is superfluous; note ‘Black-poll Warbler’), that P. h. hudsonicus be called the ‘Hudsonian Brown-cap Chickadee,’ P. h. nigricans the ‘Labrador Brown-cap Chickadee,’ etc. Even though the specimens taken belong to the Labrador form, some Acadians may have come down, too, especially to locali- ties near their summer home in the mountains of New England and New York, and northward. The plate labeled ‘Acadian Chickadee’ in Brrp-Lore for January-February, 1916, is much nearest nigricans, but the crown should be distinctly brownish. In the other subspecies the crown is a rather light brown, and there are other differences. The writer knows that Pine Siskins were unusually abundant throughout northern New Hampshire and adjacent Maine last September, and Mr. Horace W. Wright told him that White-winged Crossbills were more common in the White Mountains then than in any of his previous thirty-four seasons’ resi+* dence there, but Red Crossbills were scarce. The Siskins reached the vicinity of New York in October, and the Census shows them south to Georgia, Wisconsin, Missouri, Nebraska and Oregon. White-winged Crossbills have appeared in Virginia (near Washington), but seem to have skipped much territory, as the Census shows none between Poughkeepsie and southern New Jersey. The most generally abundant of the irregular species is the Redpoll, and its southernmost record (Currituck Sound) is the second for North Carolina. Evening Grosbeaks have again visited the East, and further south than ever (southern New Jersey), and Red Crossbills, Pine Grosbeaks and Northern Shrikes have appeared in small numbers. There has been a remarkable flight of American Goshawks, with individuals as far south as southern Pennsylvania and Arizona. Black- capped Chickadees, which seemed rather unusually abundant last season, are *P. h. nigricans; ‘The Auk,’ Volume XX XIII, 1916, page 74. (11) 12 Bird- Lore even more so now, and Red-breasted Nuthatches are noticeably prevalent. On the other hand, Belted Kingfishers occur in many censuses from localities north of their regular winter range. In the absence from the lists of the star censuses from southern Califor- nia and Florida, first place goes to San Francisco with 65 species.* Twenty-odd censuses were received too late for publication, and many others were discarded as seeming not at all fairly representative of the Christmas-time bird-life of the regions concerned, or for violating in some other and too flagrant way our carefully stated requirements. We shall cheerfully answer any inquiries from disappointed observers, and trust that such will resolve to do better next time, especially in the matter of staying long enough afield to make it worth while.—CHARLES H. ROGERS. Arnprior, Ont.—Dec. 24; 9:30 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Clear, becoming overcast about 3 P.M.; 12 in. of snow; calm in the morning, with an increasing east wind in the after- noon; temp. —1° to 10°. Canada Ruffed Grouse, 3; Goshawk(?), 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Blue Jay, 1; Evening Grosbeak, 60+; Pine Grosbeak, 17; Pine Siskin, 11; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Red-breasted Nut- hatch, 13; Black-capped Chickadee, 23. Total, 12 species, 136 individuals. This is the first time since 1912, that Pine Grosbeaks have been here in any numbers. Evening Grosbeaks, however, have been here every year since 1912, but this year in greater numbers than ever before —CHARLES MACNAMARA and Licuort GORMLEY. London, Ont. (vicinity of).—8 to 11:30 A.M.; 2:30 to 5:30 P.M. Clear; 10 in. of snow; wind west, light; temp. 15° at start. The ground has been covered with snow for about two weeks, and the thermometer below zero several times. The following census is com- piled from the lists of five parties (two on snowshoes) covering about 5 miles, roughly, in a zigzag line. American Merganser, 2; Marsh Hawk, 1; Kingfisher, 1; Hairy Wood- pecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 10; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 312; Purple Finch, 15; Red- poll, 45; Snow Bunting, 100; Tree Sparrow, 22; Junco, 28; Song Sparrow, 2; Cardinal, 7 (the increasing number of Cardinals is very gratifying); Northern Shrike, 1 (first record for,three years); Brown Creeper, 7; White-breasted Nuthatch, 10; Black-capped Chickadee, 78; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 10. Total, 19 species, 656 individuals. The following have also been recorded recently: Snowy Owl (shot Dec. 16 and identified by Mr. A. A. Wood), Goshawk (shot Dec. 15 and identified by Mr. W. E. Saunders), and others—McILwraitH ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB, J. F. Catvert, C. G. Watson, W. E. SAUNDERS, J. C. Hicerns, E. Daty and E. M. S. DALE. Dover, N. H.—Dec. 26; 11 a.m. to 3 P.M. Clear; ground covered with snow and ice except a few bare spots; west breeze; temp. 20°. Canada Ruffed Grouse, 2; Hairy Wood- pecker, 1; Flicker, 1; Crow, 4; Redpoll, 2; Tree Sparrow, 8; Black-capped Chickadee, 24; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 2; Robin, 1. Total, 9 species, 45 individuals —PERLEY M. JENNESS. East Jaffrey, N. H.—Dec. 26; 8:20 to 11:15 A.M.; 1:15 to 4 P.M. Clear; 1o in. of snow; wind west, brisk; temp. 9° to 19°. Canada Ruffed Grouse, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Pine Grosbeak, 1; Redpoll, 7; Black-capped Chickadee, 48; Hudsonian Chickadee, 2. Total, 7 species, 64 individuals —Stuart T. DANFORTH. Nashua, N. H.—Dec. 25; 9:40 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; 6 in. of snow; wind north, light; temp. 30°. Dec. 26; 10 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Clear; 6 in. of snow; wind north- west, brisk; temp. 20°. Each observer covered different ground. Herring Gull, 2; American Merganser, 19; Great Blue Heron, 1; Canada Ruffed Grouse, 8; Ring-necked *A list of 105 has since come from Los Angeles, but we fear this covers too much territory to be com- parable with our other censuses; last year two of their points covered were 35 miles apart! Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 13 Pheasant, 6; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 28; Crow, 79; Redpoll, 20; Goldfinch, 6; Slate-colored Junco, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 8; Black-capped Chickadee, 40. Total, 13 species, 231 individuals NATURE CLUB, MANLEY B. TOWNSEND, leader. Tilton, N. H.—Dec. 25; 10 A.M. to 5 P.M. Clear; a foot of snow; wind west, light to strong; temp. 20°. Party together in a.m., E. H. P. alone in p.m. American Merganser, 11; Canada Ruffed Grouse, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1; White-winged Crossbill, 11; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 18——G. E. Pirmptron, T. F. Puiimpton, Tuomas Woop and Epwarp H. PERKINS. Wilton, N. H.—Dec. 25; 8 a.m. to 12M. Clear; 3 to 6 in. of snow; no wind; temp. 26° to 32°. Canada Ruffed Grouse, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 6; Pine Gros- beak, 8; Pine Siskin, 7; Tree Sparrow, 5; Winter Wren, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 10. Total, 9 species, 40 individuals —GrEorGE G. BLANCHARD. Bennington, Vt.—Dec. 28; 10 to 11:30 A.M. Cloudy; 3 to 5 in. of snow; wind north- west, moderate; temp. 35° to 40°. Ruffed Grouse, 4; Saw-whet Owl, 1 (at 5 A.M); Screech Owl, 1(at 10 p.m.); Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 6; Crow, 1; Starling, 4; Pine Grosbeak, 17; Pine Siskin, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 8. Total, 12 species, 46 individuals——Dr. and Mrs. Lucretius H. Ross. Clarendon, Vt.—Dec. 24; 10:20 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Slightly overcast; 8 in. of snow; wind northeast, very light; temp. 16°. Ruffed Grouse, 8; Hairy Woodpecker, 4; Downy Woodpecker, 12; Blue Jay, 5; Pine Grosbeak, 19; White-winged Crossbill, 3; Redpoll, 16; Tree Sparrow, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Chickadee, 22; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1. Total, 11 species, 96 individuals —L. H. PotrTer. : St. Johnsbury, Vt.— Dec. 26; 8 to 11 A.m. Clear; 8 in. of snow; wind northwest; temp. 4°. Ruffed Grouse, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Blue Jay, 4; Evening Grosbeak, 7; Redpoll, 44; Goldfinch, 10; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 40. Total, 8 species, 110 individuals.—INEz AppIE Hower and MABEL AGNES SHIELDS. Woodstock, Vt.—Dec. 25; 8:30 A.M. to 4 P.M. Clear; 6 in. of snow; wind northwest, light; temp. 20°. Ruffed Grouse, 2; Great Horned Owl, 1; Northern Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Blue Jay, 1; Evening Grosbeak, 3; Pine Grosbeak, 20; Red Crossbill, 4; White-winged Crossbill, 5; Redpoll, 38; White-throated Sparrow, 1; Tree Sparrow, 3; Junco, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 8; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 15; Hudsonian Chickadee, 1; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 2. Total, 19 species, 115 individuals. The Evening Grosbeaks (1 bright male and 2 females) have been seen frequently in two large box elders on my lawn since Dec. . 1. The single White-throated Sparrow, the Junco and the Hudsonian Chickadee were seen at Mr. Fred Dana’s feeding-station, where they have been continually since the middle of November.—RicHarp M. MARBLE. Boston, Mass. (Chestnut Hill Reservoir).—Dec. 18; 12:30 to 2 P.M. Fair; 6 in. of snow; wind west, light; temp. 27°. Herring Gull, 1; Merganser, 18; Mallard, 3; Black Duck, 133; Green-winged Teal, 2; Pintail, 1; Lesser Scaup, 1; Goldeneye, 2; Northern Flicker, 1; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 3; Starling, 32; Redpoll, 9. Total, 13 species, 209 individ- uals.—Horace W. WRIGHT. Cambridge, Mass. (Waverley, Belmont, Fresh Pond and Charles River Basin).— Dec. 24; 8:15 A.M. to 4 P.M. Clear; 4 in. of snow; wind northwest, strong; temp. 34°. Black-backed Gull, 1; Herring Gull, 175; American Merganser, 20; Black Duck, 2; Red- shouldered Hawk, 1; Ring-necked Pheasant, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Wood- pecker, 3; Blue Jay, 5; American Crow, 51; Starling, 250; Purple Finch, 3; Redpoll, 27; Goldfinch, 5; Pine Siskin, 8; White-throated Sparrow, 2; Tree Sparrow, 3; Junco, 1; Song Sparrow, 3; Cedar Waxwing, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 9; Hudsonian Chickadee, 1; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 19; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 1. Total, 25 species, 596 individuals——Mvytes P. BAKER. 14 Bird - Lore Cohasset, Mass.—1o A.M. to 3 P.M. Clear; ground generally bare but some snow; wind northwest, brisk; temp. 22°. Black-backed Gull, 2; Herring Gull, 50; Red-breasted Merganser, 2; Ring-necked Pheasant, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Northern Flicker, 12; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 10; Baltimore Oriole, 1; Purple Finch, 20; Redpoll, 2; Goldfinch, 3; Pine Siskin, 35; Tree Sparrow, 10; Song Sparrow, 4; Slate-colored Junco, 25; Cedar Waxwing, 40; Northern Shrike, 1; Orange-crowned Warbler, 1; Myrtle Warbler, 50; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 20; Hudsonian Chickadee, 4; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1; Robin, 20. Total, 25 species, 323 individuals. The Oriole was feeding on the ground, on a small patch of salt marsh, within 20 feet of me part of the time, where today’s high run of tide had flowed two hours before. It was able to fly perfectly. The marsh was bordered by cat-brier, cedars, sumac, bayberries, etc. -The Orange-crowned Warbler was seen on Dec. 8 and 14 near the same place.—Joun B. May, M.D. Dighton, Mass.—8 a.m. to 12 M. Partly cloudy; snow in spots; wind southwest, medium; temp. 30°. Herring Gull, 35; American Merganser, 10; Goldeneye, 60; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Northern Flicker, 10; Horned Lark, 4; Blue Jay, 8; Crow, 175; Cowbird, 2; Meadowlark, 30; Purple Finch, 1; Goldfinch, 110; Pine Siskin, 6; Tree Sparrow, 5; Slate-colored Junco, 20; Song Sparrow, 7; Myrtle Warbler, 60; Chicka- dee, 20; Robin, 2. Total, 20 species, 567 individuals —Cuartes L. PHILtiPs. Fairhaven, Mass.—Dec. 24; 10 A.M. to 2 P.M. Clear; ground bare; wind northwest, strong; temp. 32°. Herring Gull, 10; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Crow, 5; Blue Jay, 6; Meadowlark, 2; Song Sparrow, 2; White-throated Sparrow, 1; Purple Finch, 8; Brown Creeper, 2; Chickadee, 12; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 6; Robin, 40. Total, 12 species, 83 individuals—MasBet L. PotTER and FRANCES CONGDON. Holyoke, Mass. (vicinity of Mt. Tom Range).—Dec. 25; 8 A.M. to1 P.M. Fair with cloud-flecked sky; wind west and northwest, comparatively still in a.m. and strong at noon; several in. of snow, drifted in places; temp. at start 25°, on return, 32°. Ruffed Grouse, 4; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Blue Jay, 4; American Crow, 8; Starling, 15; Redpoll, 3; Tree Sparrow, 1; Slate-colored Junco, 6; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 9; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 6. Total, 14 species, 63 individuals. Recently seen in vicinity: Evening Grosbeak, Pine Siskin, and Hudsonian Chickadee.—AARON C. Bace. Lynn, Mass.—Dec. 25; 8 A.M. to 2 P.M. Clear; 3 in. of snow; light northwesterly wind; temp. 30° to 40.° Herring Gull, 15; Ring-necked Pheasant, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 4; Crow, 11; Goldfinch, 16; Tree Sparrow, 4; Junco, 7; Brown Creeper, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 11; Chickadee, 8; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1. Total, 13 species, 73 individuals—Tuomas J. CULLITON. Mattapoisett, Mass.— Dec. 25; 8:30 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Clear to cloudy; ground bare; wind northwest, strong and gusty; temp. 35°. Observers together. Grebe sp. 3; loon sp., 3; Black-backed Gull, 1; Herring Gull, 2; Merganser, 1; Old-squaw, 8; Scoter, 40; Surf Scoter, 8; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Flicker, 4; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 3; Junco, 9; Song Spar- row, 2; Myrtle Warbler, 12; Chickadee, 4. Total, 16 species, 104 individuals.—J. E. Norton SHAw and WILLIAM B. SHERMAN. Provincetown, Truro, and Wellfleet, Mass.—From 1 p.m. Dec. 26 to 4 P.M. Dec. 28. Dec. 26, clear with high northwest wind; Dec. 27 and Dec. 28, intermittent rain and mist, wind southwest, moderate. Ground bare. Temp. 28° to 40°. Holbcell’s Grebe, 1; Loon, 11; Red-throated Loon, 3; Black-backed Gull, 155; Glaucous Gull, 5; Iceland Gull, 1; Herring Gull, 850; Gannet, 2; Red-breasted Merganser, 29; Hooded Mer- ganser, 1; Black Duck, 122; Goldeneye, 21; Old-squaw, 28; Eider, 13; Scoter, 5; White- winged Scoter, 2; Kingfisher, 2; Flicker, 9; Horned Lark, 257; Crow, 23; Starling, 7; Meadowlark, 6; Red Crossbill, 52; White-winged Crossbill, 2; Redpoll, 35; Pine Siskin, 2; Goldfinch, 12; Snow Bunting, 143; Ipswich Sparrow, 1; Tree Sparrow, 39; Song Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 15 Sparrow, 5; Northern Shrike, 1; Myrtle Warbler, 80; Brown Creeper, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Chickadee, 52; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 21; Robin, 24. Total, 39 species, 2,031 individuals.—J. KiTTREDGE, JR., JosEPH A HaGar, BARRON BRAINERD and JAMES L. PETERS. Southampton, Mass.—o A.M. to 12 M; 1 to 4 P.M. Clear; ground bare; wind light, northwest; temp. 25°. Ruffed Grouse, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 7; American Crow, 3; Starling, 2; Redpoll, 25; Pine Siskin, 4; Tree Sparrow, 2; Chickadee, g. Total, 9 species, 54 individuals——Brsste M. GRAVES. Wareham, Mass.—Dec. 24; sunrise to sunset. Fair; ground mostly bare; wind westerly, calm at first, light later; temp. 26°. Observers together except for about an hour. Horned Grebe, 1; Loon, 1; Herring Gull, 225; Red-breasted Merganser, 15; Black Duck, 14; American Goldeneye, 150; Old-squaw, 45; White-winged Scoter, 7; Surf Scoter, 1; Black-crowned Night Heron, 1; Bob-white, 6; Ring-necked Pheasant, 2; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Kingfisher, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Northern Flicker, 5; Horned Lark, 1; Blue Jay, 14; Crow, 75; Starling, 24; Meadowlark, 1; Purple Finch, 2; Red Crossbill, 5; Redpoll, 1; Goldfinch, 32; Pine Siskin, 5; Tree Sparrow, 80; Field Sparrow, 1; Slate-colored Junco, 75; Song Sparrow, 13; Swamp Sparrow, 1; Myrtle Warbler, 28; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 110; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 14; Robin, 1. Total, 38 species, 965 individuals.—C. A. RosBins and FRANK ROBBINS. Weston, Mass.—Dec. 26; 6:50 to 8:45 A.M.; 9:15 A.M. to 12:15 P.M.; occasionally during p.M. Clear, 4-8 in. of snow; wind northwest, strong; temp. 14° to 20.° Observers together during a.m. Ruffed Grouse, 2; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Flicker, 1; Blue Jay, 4; Crow, 17; Pine Grosbeak, 12; Redpoll. 10; Goldfinch, 2; Tree Sparrow, 4; Junco, 20; Brown Creeper, 2; White- breasted Nuthatch, 2; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 6; Chickadee, 19; Robin, 1. Total, 17 species, 105 individuals—-WaARREN F. Eaton, Paut WInsor, JR., and CHARLES BREWER, JR. Williamstown, Mass.—Dec. 26; 1 to 4 p.M. Clear; 3 to 6 in. of snow; wind north- west; temp. 10°. Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Crow, 2; Starling, 1 (singing); Tree Sparrow, 5; Goldfinch, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 8. Total, 8 species, 23 individuals.—W. J. CARTWRIGHT. Pawtucket to Seekonk, R. I.—8 a.m. to 2 p.m. Clear to cloudy; 4 in. of old snow, in places ground bare; wind west, light; temp. 28° to 35°. Herring Gull, 5; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Snow Owl, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 1; Horned Lark, 100; Blue Jay, 17; Crow, 24; Starling, 250; Meadowlark, 1; Purple Finch, 1; Redpoll, 24; Goldfinch, 7; Pine Siskin, 6; Tree Sparrow, 15; Junco, 21; Song Sparrow, 2; Swamp Sparrow, 2; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Chickadee, 12; Golden-crowned King- let, 11. Total, 22 species, 502 individuals. During the past week: Snow Bunting, Even- ing Grosbeak, Red Crossbill and others. The winter birds are unusually common this winter in our section.—EArt Marsa, and D. W. Marsu. Providence, R. I.—Dec. 24; 11 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; snow on ground; wind southwest, light; temp. 55°. Flicker, 4; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 15; Tree Sparrow, 10; Junco, 15; Song Sparrow, 5; Myrtle Warbler, 3; Chickadee, 25. Total, 8 species, 80 individuals.—JoHn W. RUSSELL. Warwick, R. I.— Dec. 24; 9:45 A.M. to 2:45 P.M. Clear followed by cloudy; 3 in. of snow; wind northwest, light; temp. 30°. Herring Gull, 43; Scaup, 6,000; Bob-white, 15; Sparrow Hawk, 1; English Pheasant, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 14; Blue Jay, 11; American Crow, 22; Starling, 309; Meadowlark, 3; Purple Finch, 6; Goldfinch, 3; Pine Siskin, 20; Tree Sparrow, 28; Junco, 15; Song Sparrow, 5; Myrtle Warbler, 66; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 31; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 3; Bluebird, 3. Total, 22 species, 6,603 individuals —Harry S. HATHAWAY. 16 Bird - Lore Bristol, Conn.— Dec. 25; 7 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Cloudy, snow flurry forenoon, becom- ing fair in afternoon; wind brisk, increasing to a gale 11 A.M. to 3:30 P.M., diminishing to fresh at sundown; 4 to 6 in. of old snow; temp. 32°. Sparrow Hawk, 1; Downy Wood- pecker, 2; Blue Jay, 25; Crow, 18; Starling, 60; Pine Grosbeak (?), young males or females, 2 (in flight overhead, size, general coloration and calls, made us feel quite cer- tain); Redpoll, 179+; Goldfinch, 20; Tree Sparrow, 38; Song Sparrow, 2; Winter Wren, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Chickadee, 23; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1. Total, 14 species, 375 individuals.—E. E. Smiru and FRANK BRUEN. Clinton and Grove Beach, Conn.—Dec. 25; 9:30 A.M. to 12:50 P.M.; 2:30 to 4:15 p.M. Partly cloudy to clear; ground bare; wind northwest, heavy; temp. 36°. Horned Grebe, 1; Loon, 1; Red-throated Loon, 2; Herring Gull, 63; Red-breasted Merganser, 1; Black Duck, 4; Scaup, 122; Goldeneye, 7; Bufflehead, 17; Old-squaw, 2; Scoter, 2; White- winged Scoter, 13; Surf Scoter, 32; Bob-white, 12; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Screech Owl, 1 (at dusk); Downy Woodpecker, 1; Horned Lark, 3; Blue’Jay, 1; Crow, 5; Starling, 23; Red Crossbill, 1; Purple Finch, 2; Pine Siskin, 3; Goldfinch, 5; Tree Sparrow, 9; White- throated Sparrow, 4; Junco, 19; Song Sparrow, 1; Cardinal, 1 (7 A.M); Myrtle Warbler, 3; Chickadee, 6; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 3. Total, 33 species, 361 individuals. The Cardinal was an adult female, seen from a distance of 50 feet, through seven-diameter prism-binoculars. The bird was seen again, in the same place, on the morning of Dec. 26. On that day, in the vicinity of Guilford, Conn., at least 100 Redpolls—AReETAS A. | SAUNDERS. Fairfield, Conn. (Birdcraft Sanctuary, 10 acres).—Dec. 25; sunrise to sunset. Partly cloudy; temp. 38°. Herring Gull, 15; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Blue Jay, 5; Crow, 7; Starling, flock of 250; Redpoll, 18; Purple Finch, 10; Goldfinch, 15; White-throated Sparrow, 3; Tree Sparrow, 12; Junco, 30; Song Sparrow, 6; Myrtle Warbler, 10; White- breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 5; Robin, 1. Total, 16 species, 398 individuals.— FRANK Novak, Warden. Hartford, Conn.—Dec. 25; 9 A.M. to 1 P.M. Clear; ground snow-covered; wind west, strong; temp. 35°. Downy Woodpecker, 3; Blue Jay, 9; Crow, 6; Starling, 26; Redpoll, 46; Goldfinch, 14; Tree Sparrow, 2; Slate-colored Junco, 71; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Chickadee, 18. Total, 10 species, 199 individuals—C.iirrorD M. Case. Hartford, Conn.—Dec. 24; 10:30 A.M to 5 P.M. Clear A.M., cloudy P.M.; 6 in. of snow and crust; light northwest wind; temp. 30° to 35°. Walk of 15 miles or more covering a considerable variety of territory. Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 8; Northern Pileated Woodpecker, 2; Blue Jay, 34; Crow, 150+; Starling, 50+; Redpoll, flock of 50+; Pine Siskin, flock of 75+; Tree Sparrow, 2; Junco, 45; Brown Creeper, 8; White-breasted Nuthatch, 11; Black-capped Chickadee, 18; Hudsonian Chickadee, 7+; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 9. Total, 16 species, 472+ indi- viduals. The Pileated Woodpecker and the Hudsonian Chickadee have been observed by the writer every week for over a month; both are seldom seen here.—GeEo. T. GRISWOLD. West Hartford, Conn.—Dec. 24; 7:30 to 10:30 A.M. and 1:30 to 5 P.M. Fair; ground partly covered with snow and ice; temp. 28°. Ruffed Grouse, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Screech Owl, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Northern Pileated Wood- pecker, 2; Blue Jay, 1; Crow, 200; Starling, 91; Purple Finch, 3; Goldfinch, 6; Tree Sparrow, 10; Song Sparrow, 2; nuthatch sp., 4; Chickadee, 15; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 3. Total, 16 species, 345 individuals. Hudsonian Chickadees have been in Reservoir Park for over a month; as high a number as 40 were seen in one day. Three Pine Gros- beaks were seen on Saturday, a number of flocks of Redpolls have been seen in West Hartford and in Hartford the past week, and A. C. Hall reported to me this morning that last Friday he saw a Pheebe. The identification was positive; the bird was with a flock of Juncos, and Mr. Hall had a good chance to observe it, saw it wag its tail and observed its markings.—Epwin H. MuUNGER. Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 17 New Haven, Conn. (Edgewood Park and Mitchell’s Hill).—Dec. 25; 10 a.m. to 12:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; wind west, brisk; ground partly snow-covered; temp. 39°. Herring Gull, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Kingfisher, 1; Downy Wood- pecker, 2; Blue Jay, 13; Crow, 18; Starling, 97; Goldfinch, 2; Junco, 56; White-throated Sparrow, 1; Tree Sparrow, 3; Song Sparrow, 5; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 6; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 3; Robin, 3. Total, 18 species, 166 individuals—Dwicut B. and Ciirrorp H. PANGBURN. New London, Conn.—Dec. 27; 10:15 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Rainy; ground nearly bare; wind east, light; temp. 30° at start. Herring Gull, 6; Black Duck, 10; Greater Scaup, 10; Goldeneye, 29; Bufflehead, 6; Bob-white, 1; Horned Lark, 25; Blue Jay, 7; Crow, 11; Starling, 60; Pine Grosbeak, 1; Goldfinch, 11; White-throated Sparrow, 1; Tree Spar- row, 19; Slate-colored Junco, 18; Song Sparrow, 2; Myrtle Warbler, 16; Brown Creeper, 1; Chickadee, 14. Total, 19 species, 248 individuals—FRANcES M. GRAVES. Norwalk, Conn.—Dec. 24; 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. Partly cloudy; temp. 30°; 12 miles. Red-breasted Merganser, 40; Black Duck, 200; Scaup, 200; American Goldeneye, 6; Old-squaw, 20; Herring Gull, 40; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Flicker, 1; Horned Lark, 30; Blue Jay, 11; Crow, 24; Starling, 50; Meadowlark, 1; Purple Finch, 2; Goldfinch, 16; Pine Siskin, 50; White-throated Spar- row, 11; Song Sparrow, 16; Tree Sparrow, 15; Junco, 7; Towhee, 1; Cardinal, 1; Brown Thrasher, 1; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 7; Chicka- dee, 10; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 2. Total, 30 species, 767 individuals. Cardinal dis- covered by Mr. Geo. Ells in November and has lived in same place ever since; seen daily. Towhee and Thrasher found at edge of large swamp.—JAMES HALL and WILBUR F. Smira. South Windsor, Conn.—8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Clear; wind west, light; temp. 32°. Her- ring Gull, 1; American Merganser, 1; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Goshawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 8; Horned Lark, 20; Blue Jay, 8; Crow, 75; Starling, 20; Meadowlark, 6; Rusty Blackbird, 2; Purple Finch, 2; Goldfinch, 45; White-throated Sparrow, 2; Tree Sparrow, 200; Junco, 6; Song Sparrow, 35; Swamp Sparrow, 1; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 7; Chickadee, 50. Total, 24 species, about 500 individuals.—C. W. VIBERT. Windsor, Conn.—7 a.m. to 4 p.M. Ground snow-covered; rain all day; light winds; temp. 35°. American Merganser, 1; Ruffed Grouse, 1; Rough-legged Hawk, 2; Barred Owl, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Kingfisher, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Blue Jay, 6; Starling, 30; Crow, 565; Tree Sparrow, 73; Junco, 6; Brown Creeper, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 29; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 3. Total, 17 species, 731 individuals. Pileated Woodpecker, 1; Pine Grosbeak, 3; Redpoll, 6; Hudsonian Chickadee, 2, observed at West Hartford, Conn., within a week of Christ- mas.—EpDWarp P. St. JouN. Albany, N. Y. (just west of the city).—-Dec. 24; 9:30 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; 2 to 3 in. of snow and ice; wind northwest, 5 miles per hour; temp. 28°. Sparrow Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Crow, 1,000+; Starling, 100 (one flock, an unusual sight in this section); Redpoll, 50; Tree Sparrow, 41; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 28. Total, 9 species, 1,224+ individuals— CLARENCE HOUGHTON. Collins, N. Y. (Hospital grounds and Cattaraugus Indian Reservation).—Dec. 24; 12:30 to 1 and 2 to 5 p.m. Cloudy, dull, overcast; light southwest wind; 2 ft. of snow, mostly level; creek open; temp. 30°. Great Blue Heron, 1; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Flicker, 1; Prairie Horned Lark, 6; Blue Jay, 1; American Crow, 3; Tree Sparrow, 15; Song Sparrow, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 2; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Chickadee, 200. Total, 15 species, 243 individuals—Drs. EARLE V. Gray and ANNE E. PERKINS. 18 Bird - Lore Geneva, N. Y. (between Main St. and the Lake within the city limits).—Dec. 24; 9:30 A.M. to 1:30 P.M. Horned Grebe, 22; Herring Gull, 1; American Merganser, 2; Redhead, 800; Canvasback, 26; Greater Scaup, 600; Lesser Scaup, 35; American Golden- eye, 13; Barrow’s Goldeneye, 1 male; Ruddy Duck, 1; Ring-necked Pheasant, 11; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Flicker, 1; Crow, 35; Goldfinch, 2; Tree Sparrow, 3; Junco, 2; Brown Creeper, 7; White-breasted Nuthatch, 11; Chickadee, 17; Hudsonian Chickadee, 2; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 9; Robin, 1. Total, 24 species, 1,608 individuals.—WILi1Am Eppy and E. H. Eaton. Hamburg, N. Y.—Dec. 24; 7:30 A.M. to 1:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; about 12 in. of snow; wind light, north; temp. 18°. Ruffed Grouse, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Hairy Wood- pecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 32; Redpoll, 40; Tree Sparrow, 2; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Chickadee, 16. Total, 11 species, 108 individuals. The Redpolls were first noted this fall on Nov. 30.—Tuomas L. Bourne. Hempstead, Nassau Co., L. I., N. ¥.—Dec. 25; 9 A.M. to 5 P.M. Ideal in early morning, cold and windy by noon. The land was mostly woods, also some pine, two small swamps, and a small stretch of plain. Herring Gull, 7; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Horned Lark, 38; Blue Jay, 8; Crow, 156; Starling, 31; Gold- finch, 65+; Pine Siskin, 28; Tree Sparrow, 20; Slate-colored Junco, 41; Song Sparrow, 14; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 18; Golden-crowned King- let, 6. Total, 20 species, 442 individuals—THEODORE ROEHNER. Long Beach, Nassau Co., L. I., N. Y.— Dec. 21; 9:30 A.M. to 4:20 P.M. Rain before daylight on 6 to 8 in. of remaining snow, followed by thick fog, lifting transiently about noon; temp. 37° A.M. and P.M.; wind light, northerly; surface of ocean smooth over broad swells. Horned Grebe, 11; Loon, 1; Red-throated Loon, 3; Black-backed Gull, fewer than usual; Herring Gull, abundant; Red-breasted Merganser, several small flocks and one of perhaps 100; Black Duck, not many seen, doubtless because of the fog off shore; Scaup, several flocks, the largest estimated at 80; Old-squaw, not many, one company of 20; Surf Scoter, 2; American Scoter, 3; Sanderling, flock of 14; Crow, com- mon; Starling, in the town and several flocks along shore; Meadowlark, flock 8 to 10; Horned Lark, numerous; Lapland Longspur, one with Horned Larks; Ipswich Sparrow, 4 together; Tree Sparrow, few; Junco, 1; Song Sparrow, 5 or 6 together; Fox Sparrow, 1; Myrtle Warbler, numerous. Total, 23 species, number of individuals impossible to specify.—E. P. BIcKNELL. Mastic, L. I., N. ¥.—Dec. 24; 11 a.m. until dark. Clear; ground bare; marshes and most of bay frozen; wind west, light; temp. 25° to 30°. Black-backed Gull, 1; Herring Gull, 3; American Merganser, 1; Red-breasted Merganser, 2; Black Duck, 35; Redhead, 3; Canvasback, 4; Scaup (? Greater, 6; ? Lesser, 35), 41; Goldeneye, 1,100; Bufflehead, 60; Great Blue Heron, 1; Marsh Hawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Northern Flicker, 2; Blue Jay, 6; Crow, 25; Starling, 275; Meadowlark, 40; Goldfinch, 12; Tree Sparrow, 30; Junco, 7; Song Sparrow, 6; Myrtle Warbler, 250; Brown Creeper, 7; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 16; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 32. Total, 31 species, 1,971 individuals.—J. T. NicHois and LupLow Griscom. New York City (Bronx Park, Saw Mill Lane section and Clason Point). Train used between Saw Mill Lane and Clason Point).—Dec. 25; 9:50 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Cloudy in A.M., clear in P.M.; 1 to 2 in. of snow in places; wind northwest, brisk; temp. 30° to 40°. Herring Gull, 625; Merganser, 30; Black Duck, 8; Canvasback, 1; Black-crowned Night Heron, 52; Cooper’s Hawk, 2; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Blue Jay, 12; Crow, 11; Starling, 84; Meadow- lark, 1; Rusty Blackbird, 1; Goldfinch, 8; White-throated Sparrow, 8; Tree Sparrow, 27; Junco, 30; Song Sparrow, 12; Fox Sparrow, 3; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 9; Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 19 White-breasted Nuthatch, 9; Chickadee, 16; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 3; Robin, 3. Total, 27 species, 966 individuals. About 200 more ducks too far away for identification. —Epwarp G. and Mr. and Mrs. L. N. NIcHOLs. New York City (Kingsbridge, Jerome Reservoir, Van Cortlandt Park, Moshulu Parkway, Bronx Park, Pelham Park and City Island). Train between Bronx and Pel- ham Parks, rest of route on foot).—Dec. 23; 8:40 A.M. to 4:50 P.M. Clear; ground bare, some snow in shaded areas; wind west to southwest, brisk; temp. 27°. Herring Gull, 2,000; American Merganser, 16 (2 drakes); Scaup, 50; Black-crowned Night Heron, 45; Red-tailed Hawk, 5; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Flicker, 1; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 28; Starling, 290; Cowbird, 1 male; Red-winged Black- bird, 1 female; Meadowlark, 5; Goldfinch, 9; Pine Siskin, 29; White-throated Sparrow, 4; Tree Sparrow, 86; Junco, 29; Song Sparrow, 7; Brown Creeper, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Black-capped Chickadee, 28. Total, 24 species, about 2,648 individuals.— GrorceE E. Hix, CLrark L. Lewis and Epwarp G. NIcHOLSs. New York City (Central Park).—Dec. 25; 9:30 A.M. to 12:45 P.M. Cloudy; ground partly snow-covered; wind southwest, brisk; temp. about 34°. Herring Gull, 500; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy(?) Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 1; American Crow, 1; Starling, 107; Junco, 2; American Goldfinch, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 13; Robin, 1. Total, 10 species, about 631 individuals.—Faripa A. WILEy, Mrs. G. CrypEe FisHer and RutH ANNA FISHER. New York City (Staten Island: West New Brighton to Bulls Head to Great Kills via Richmond, to New Dorp to West New Brighton).—Dec. 25; 6:15 A.M. to 5:15 p.M. Cloudy at start, clearing; remains of old snow; wind westerly, fresh; temp. 28°, rising to above freezing. Holbcell’s Grebe, 3; Black-backed Gull, 1; Herring Gull, 300; Mourning Dove, 4; Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Long-eared Owl, 8; Short-eared Owl, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 11; Northern Flicker, 1; Horned Lark, 6; Blue Jay, 13; American Crow, 75; Fish Crow, 2; Starling, 56; Cowbird, 2; Meadowlark, 31; Purple Finch, 4; Redpoll, 15; Goldfinch, 15; Pine Siskin, 30; Savannah Sparrow, 3; White-throated Sparrow, 3; Tree Sparrow, 32; Field Sparrow, 1 (seen; in song); Slate-colored Junco, 67; Song Sparrow, 20; Swamp Sparrow, 1; Fox Sparrow, 2; Cardinal, 3; Myrtle Warbler, 10; White-breasted Nuthatch, 7; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 20; Hud- sonian Chickadee, 2; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 5; Robin, 6. Total, 40 species, 774 individuals—Harotp K. DECKER. New York City and Atlantic Ocean (from the Battery to Ambrose Lightship Bank and back).—Dec.23; 8 a.M. to 3:40 P.M. Fine; wind northwest, strong (gale of 84 miles and more per hour last evening); 30° at 1 p.m. Black-backed Gull, 7; Herring Gull, 1,200; Bonaparte’s Gull, 450; White-winged Scoter, 8; Starling, 1. Total, 5 species, about 1,670 individuals.—CHARLES H. ROGERS. Northport, L. I., N. Y. (Northport, Eaton Neck, Centerport).—Dec. 27; 8 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Rain all day, freezing in the morning; ground and trees ice-covered; wind light; temp. 32°. Observers together. Horned Grebe, 16; Herring Gull, 73; Red-breasted Merganser, 14; American Goldeneye, 104; Bufflehead, 16; Old-squaw, 44; American Scoter, 13; White-winged Scoter, 33; Surf Scoter, 31; ducks sp., 200; Downy Wood- pecker, 3; Blue Jay, 2; American Crow, 69; Starling, 2; Meadowlark, 5; Goldfinch, 2; Pine Siskin, 23; Tree Sparrow, 89; Junco, 31; Song Sparrow, 4; Myrtle Warbler, 24; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 5; Golden- crowned Kinglet, 2; Robin, 6. Total, 25 species, 813 individuals —EpWwarp FLEISCHER and Henry L. OTTEN. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. (Greenvale Farm and vicinity).—Dec. 23; 9 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Sunny; 6 in. of crusty snow; wind southeast, brisk; temp. 30°. Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Red- tailed Hawk, 3; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Broad-winged [?—Ed.] Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk. 20 Bird - Lore 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Blue Jay, 7; Crow, 500+; Starling, 18; Purple Finch, 5; White-winged Crossbill, 1 male (12 seen recently); Redpoll, 15+; Goldfinch, 7; White-throated Sparrow, 1; Tree Sparrow, 8; Junco, 14; Song Sparrow, 2; Brown Creeper, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 11; Black-capped Chickadee, 20; Hud- sonian Chickadee, 3; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 3; Hermit Thrush, 1. Total, 24 species, 632 individuals.—GrorGE W. GRAy. Rhinebeck, N. Y.—8 a.m. to 12:15 P.M.; 2:45 P.M. to 3:30 P.M. Stormy to clear; ground snow-covered; wind southeast to north, strong; temp. 33°. Ring-necked Pheas- ant, 9; Gray Partridge, 7; Red-tailed Hawk, 3; Barred Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 4; Downy Woodpecker, 9; Starling, 12 (sings); Blue Jay, 17; Crow, 20; Purple Finch, 12; Redpoll, 10; Snow Bunting, 6; Tree Sparrow, 20; Junco, 50; Vesper Sparrow, 1 (care- fully identified); White-throated Sparrow, 2 (sings); Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 17; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 48 (whistles); Hudsonian Chick- adee, 5. Total, 21 species, 256 individuals—MAUNSELL S. CrosBy. Rochester, N. Y. (Highland, Durand-Eastman Parks and vicinities).—Dec. 23; 7 AM. to 5 P.M. Fair; 1 ft. of snow; wind west, brisk; temp. 20°. Herring Gull, 36; Pheasant, 8; Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Crow, 20; Redpoll, 40; Tree Sparrow, 35; Slate-colored Junco, 1; Song Sparrow, 6; Cardinal, 1; Brown Creeper, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 20. Total, 15 species, 186 individuals —Ww. L. G. Epson and R. E. Horsey. Rochester, N. Y. (Maplewood Park and Riverside).—Dec. 24; 9:30 A.M. to I P.M. Cloudy; a foot of snow; wind southwest veering to southeast, light; temp. 25°. Ring- necked Pheasant, 1; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Crow, 7; Bronzed Grackle, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5. Total, 6 species, 20 individuals —NeETTIE SELLINGER PIERCE. Syracuse, N. Y. (north of city near the lake) same route as in past five years.— Dec. 24; 9:45 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Six in. of snow, lake partially frozen; wind west, very light; temp. 26°. Herring Gull, 9; Black Duck, 4; American Goldeneye, 17; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Crow, 25; Tree Sparrow, 18; Brown Creeper, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Chickadee, 16. Total, 11 species, 105 individuals. Dec. 23: Snow Bunting, 75.—NeEtTTIeE M. SADLER and EMILIe GOULDING. Camden, N. J., and vicinity—Dec. 25; 9 to 10 A.M. and 12M. to 4:30 P.M. Over- cast at start, clearing at noon; wind northwest; temp. 40°. Herring Gull, 9; Black- crowned Night Heron, 1; Mourning Dove, 1; Marsh Hawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 5; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Long-eared Owl, 1; Barn Owl, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Blue Jay, 1; Crow, 150; Starling, 300; Red-winged Blackbird, 5; Meadowlark, 5; Pine Siskin, 26; White-throated Sparrow, 10; Tree Sparrow, 32; Slate-colored Junco, 50; Song Sparrow, 10; Cardinal, 5; Evening Grosbeak, 6; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 3; Chickadee, 3; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 4. Total, 26 species, 638 individuals. Evening Grosbeak note: Heard loud House Sparrow-like notes behind me. Turned and saw six rather large birds approaching. As they passed at the distance of 15 feet—sun at my back—noted heavy bills, yellow plumage and conspicuous white markings of the wings. Am sure the birds were Evening Grosbeaks.—JuLtan K.. POTTER. Englewood Region, N. J. (Leonia to Teaneck to Englewood; by car to Tenafly; to Alpine to Englewood Ferry).—Dec. 23; 9:30 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Clear; windy; temp. 25°, Black-backed Gull, 2; Herring Gull, 50; Red-breasted [American?—Ed.] Merganser, 12; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Duck Hawk, 2; Barred Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Flicker, 1; Blue Jay, 12; American Crow, 12; Starling, common; Purple Finch, 2; Goldfinch, 50; White-throated Sparrow, 12; Tree Sparrow, 100; Junco, 50; Song Sparrow, 6; Fox Sparrow, 1; Cedar Waxwing, 3; Myrtle Warbler, 25; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Black- Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 21 capped Chickadee, 25; Hudsonian Chickadee, 1; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 2; Bluebird, 3. Total, 28 species, about 380 individuals+ Starlings——LrestER WatsH and GEORGE SCHOONHAVEN. Englewood Region, N. J. (Marshes, Phelps Estate, West Englewood).—Dec. 23; 8:30 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Clear; ground partly covered with ice and snow, marshes and creek frozen; wind west, strong; temp. 25°. Observers together. Herring Gull, 10; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Rough-legged Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Blue Jay, 5; American Crow, 17; Starling, 76; Meadowlark, 8 (flock); Goldfinch, 4; Pine Siskin, 12; White-throated Sparrow, 7; Tree Sparrow, 56; Slate-colored Junco, 52; Song Sparrow, 5; Myrtle Warbler, 5; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Chickadee, 47; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 4. Total, 20 species, 325 individuals. (In the swampy woods south of the West Englewood station, I heard among the notes of a flock of Chickadees a call identical with that of the Hudsonian Chickadees observed by me recently on Staten Island. I was unable to locate the bird before it flew off and hesitate to record it definitely. I wish, however, to call attention to its probable pres- ence. E. F.).—L. F. BowpisH and EpWArD FLEISCHER. Hackettstown, N. J.—Dec. 26; 7:50 A:M. to 12:20 P.M.; 1:15 to 4 P.M. Fair; ground mostly snow-covered; wind northeast, light; temp. 21°. English Pheasant, 6; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 7; Starling, 20; Purple Finch, 7; Goldfinch(?), 1; Tree Sparrow, 8; Junco, 38; Song Sparrow, 3; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Chickadee, 17; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 2; Bluebird, 2. Total, 16 species, 128 individuals. Pine Siskins Nov. 19; Evening Grosbeaks Dec. 18.— Mary PIERSON ALLEN. Moorestown, N. J.—Dec. 25; 7:45 A.M. to 12:45 P.M.; 4:15 to 5:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; chill; wind west, fresh; ground half snow-covered; temp. at start, 35°. G. H. H. was present only on the short walk in the afternoon with W. B. E. The longer walk was taken by the four other observers together. Herring Gull, 1; Turkey Vulture, 1; Marsh Hawk, 2; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 8; Flicker, 4; Horned Lark, 50; Crow, 35; Starling, 58; Purple Finch, 3; Goldfinch, 24; White-throated Sparrow, 13; Tree Sparrow, 30; Junco, 72; Song Sparrow, 34; Cardinal, 5; Catbird, 1; Carolina Wren, 1; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Robin, 1. Total, 25 species, 354 individuals—ANNA A. MickLE, ALICE C. DARNELL, M. ALBERT LINTON, GEORGE H. HALtett, Jr., and WiLt1AM B. Evans. Moorestown, N. J.—Dec. 26; 6:43 A.M. to 5:57 P.M. Clear; ground half snow-cov- ered; wind north-northwest, light; temp. at start, 22°. Great Blue Heron, 3; Turkey Vulture, 3; Red-tailed Hawk, 8; Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Sparrow Hawk, 4; King- fisher, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 13; Flicker, 9; Horned Lark, 110; Crow, 188; Starling, 144; Red-winged Blackbird, 1; Meadowlark, 5; Purple Finch, 3; White-winged Crossbill, 36; Goldfinch, 28; White-throated Sparrow, 20; Tree Sparrow, 147; Junco, 333; Song Sparrow, 83; Cardinal, 17; Carolina Wren, 2; Winter Wren, 3; Brown Creeper, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Chickadee, 2; Bluebird, 3. Total, 30 species, 1,179 individuals. The five flocks of chattering Crossbills (and scattered individuals) noted flying in a southwesterly direction, between the hours of 7:50 A.M. and 3:30 P.M. were presumably of the same species as the three birds watched at close range.—WILLIAM B. Evans and GeorceE H. HALLETT, JR. Norristown, N. J.—Dec. 25; 8 A.M. to 12 M. Fair; ground snow-covered; wind south- west to northwest, strong; temp. 31° to 36°. Kingfisher, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 7; Blue Jay, 39; Crow, 30; Starling, 32; Purple Finch, 7; Goldfinch, 5; Redpoll, 12; White-throated Sparrow, 2; Tree Sparrow, 5; Junco, 56; Song Sparrow, 21; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 22; Tufted Titmouse, 3; Black-capped 22 Bird - Lore Chickadee, 52; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 12. Total, 18 species, 308 individuals.—R. C. CASKEY. Mt. Holly, N. J.—Dec. 24; 8 a.m. to 4 P.M. Clear; no wind; about 3 in. of snow; temp. 22°. English Pheasant, 1; Turkey Vulture, 11; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Broad- winged [?—Ed.] Hawk, 1; Rough-legged Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Flicker, 1; Blue Jay, 32; Crow, 650; Starling, 6; Evening Grosbeak, 2; Goldfinch, 46; Pine Siskin, 3; White-throated Sparrow, 7; Tree Sparrow, 9; Field Sparrow, 4; Slate-colored Junco, 108; Song Sparrow, 5; Swamp Sparrow, 1; Cardinal, 7; Myrtle Warbler, 2; Carolina Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 10; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 13; Chickadee, 21; Golden- crowned Kinglet, 8. Total, 30 species, 960 individuals. Ten Red Crossbills seen Dec. 3, feeding on pine cones in our graveyard.—Mr. and Mrs. Netson, and D. W. PUMYEA. Plainfield, N. J. (to Washington Valley beyond Scotch Plains).—Dec. 25; 7 A.M. to 6 p.M. Partly cloudy; 4 in. of snow; temp. 35.5°. Ruffed Grouse, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 16; Blue Jay, 20; American Crow, 18; Starling, 75; Evening Grosbeak, 1 female; Purple Finch, 12 (flock); Redpoll, 120; Goldfinch, 60; White-throated Sparrow, 2; Tree Sparrow, 36; Junco, 32; Song Sparrow, 9; Swamp Sparrow, 1; Cardinal, 2 (a pair); Myrtle Warbler, 32; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 7; Tufted Titmouse, 4; Black- capped Chicakadee, 22; Hudsonian Chickadee, 1; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 9; Robin, 4; Bluebird, 10. Total, 28 species, 502 individuals. Tracks of Ring-necked Pheasants were seen in two or three places and a Great Horned Owl which had evidently but recently succumbed to an injury was found clinging to a branch of an oak in the woods. The Evening Grosbeak and Hudsonian Chickadee were first seen, in the same spot, on Dec. 17, when a pair of the former and two individuals of the latter were observed. This is the first New Jersey record of the Hudsonian Chickadee, but it is uncertain whether the birds belong to the typical form or to some other subspecies —W. Dr W. MILLER. Princeton, N. J. (to Harlingen, Sourland Mountains, Blawenburg and return). Dis- tance, 27 miles—Dec. 21; 8:45 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Cloudy, foggy through a.m. and late P.M.; 5 to 15 in. of soft, slushy snow; wind north, light; temp. 38°. Ring-necked Pheasant, 2; Marsh Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 9; Horned Lark subsp., 25; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 300; Starling, 450; Meadowlark, 9; Purple Finch, 9; Goldfinch, 25; Redpoll, 7; Tree Sparrow, 120; Junco, 200; Song Sparrow, 6; Cardinal, 1; chickadee sp., 8; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1. Total, 18 species, 1,178 individuals. Dec. 13, from window: White-winged Crossbill, 2; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 1. Dec. 26, Evening Gros- beak, 1 male-—Harotp R. WANLESs. Vineland, N. J. (six miles northeast of Vineland).—Dec. 25; 10 A.M. to 4:20 P.M. Cloudy in forenoon, clear in afternoon; ground bare in fields, snow patches in woods; wind brisk; temp. 40°. Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Crow, 4; Starling(?) flock of 100+; Tree Sparrow, 7; Song Sparrow, 2; Junco, 130. Total, 7 species, about 245 individuals—Wu. W. Farr. Lititz, Pa. (northern Lancaster County, Valley of the Hammer Creek).—Dec. 23; 8 A.M. to 5 P.M. Clear; no wind; 5 in. of snow; temp. 25°. Bob-white, 8 coveys, 88 birds; Goshawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Pigeon Hawk, (identified at close range, unusual in this region); Screech Owl, 1; Turkey Vul- ture, 4; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Flicker, 2; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 2,000; Meadowlark, 1; Redpoll, 22; Slate-colored Junco, 60; Song Sparrow, 14; Tree Sparrow, 25; Cardinal, 2; Shrike, 1; Winter Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 1; White- breasted Nuthatch, 7; Black-capped Chickadee, 5; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 5; Robin, 1. Total, 26 species, 255 individuals (exclusive of Crows).—-Hrrsert H, Breck and ABRA- HAM BECK MILLER, Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 23 McKeesport, Pa.—Dec. 23, 1916; 7:15 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Extremely clear; light snow in places; wind southeast, light; temp. 20° to 32°. Distance, 16 miles. Observers together except for 3 hours; covered same ground. Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Crow, 1,500 flying overhead (about 20,000 around roost, of which many could be seen in the distance); Purple Finch, 2; Goldfinch, 1; Tree Sparrow, 70; Junco, 43; Song Sparrow, 15; Cardinal, 22; Carolina Wren (heard singing), 1; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Tufted Titmouse, 5; Chickadee, 12; Robin, 2. Total, 16 species, 185 individuals (exclusive of thousands of Crows).—Tuos. L. McConneE tt and L. F. SAVAGE. Philadelphia, Pa. (Fairmount Park).—Dec. 24; 9 A.M. to 1 p.m. Clear, light clouds; inch of snow, but many bare spots; wind southeast; temp. 30° to 40°. Herring Gull, 25; American Merganser, 50; Broad-winged [?P—Ed.]Hawk, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Flicker, 1; Crow, 20; Starling, 7; White-throated Sparrow, 45; Tree Spar- row, 1; Junco, 55; Song Sparrow, 12; Cardinal, 38; Carolina Wren, 4; Chickadee, 2; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 2. Total, 16 species, 269 individuals—RicHarp M. PEARCE and WILLIAM PEPPER. Philadelphia, Pa. (Wynnefield to Woodside, in Fairmount Park).—Dec. 25; 8:30 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Cloudy; considerable snow in sheltered spots; wind northwest, brisk; temp. 36°. Sparrow Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Crow, 10; Starling, 30; White- throated Sparrow, 15; Junco, 6; Song Sparrow, 18; Cardinal, 9; Carolina Wren, 1; Chickadee, 9. Total, 10 species, ro2 individuals.—J. WILSON CorRISTON. Pittsburgh, Pa.—Dec. 28; 10:45 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Clear; ground almost bare; wind east, light; temp. 35°. Distance covered, 15 miles. Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Hairy Wood- pecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Crow, 600; Tree Sparrow, 35; Junco, 40; Song Spar- row, 12; Cardinal, 9; Winter Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Tufted Titmouse, 8; Chickadee, 15. Total, 13 species, 732 individuals.—Tuos. D. Bur- LEIGH and ALBERT D. McGrew. Reading, Pa.—Dec. 25; 7:15 A.M. to 4 P.M. Partly cloudy to clear; 3 in. of snow; high west wind; temp. 30° to 40°. Observers together. Screech Owl, 1; Kingfisher, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Blue Jay, 1;,Crow, 20; Meadowlark, 4; Goldfinch, 40; Pine Siskin, 1; White-throated Sparrow, 4; Tree Sparrow, 65; Field Sparrow, 3; Junco, 85; Song Sparrow, 15; Cardinal, 6; Winter Wren, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Chickadee, 25; Bluebird, 2. Total, 18 species, 285 individuals. A flock of 6 Red Crossbills on Dec. 10.—Mr. and Mrs. G. HENry MENGEL. Reading, Pa.—Dec. 24; 9 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; 3 in. of snow; wind north to northeast; temp. 28°. Sparrow Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 10; Goldfinch, 8; Tree Sparrow, 42; Junco, 35; Song Sparrow, 11; Cardinal, 1; nuthatch sp., 2; Chickadee, 7. Total, 11 species, 125 individuals. I wish to report seeing (in company with Mr. and Mrs. G. Henry Mengel) a flock of 6 Red Crossbills in the vicinity of Reading on December 10.—ANNA P. and Mary E. DEETER. Springs, Pa.—Dec. 26; 10 A.M. to 1 P.M. Partly cloudy; wind south, light; 3 in. of snow; temp. 32° to 42°. Ruffed Grouse, 1; Great Horned Owl, 1 (5 a.m.); Hairy Wood- pecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Pine Siskin, 15; Goldfinch, 1; Tree Sparrow, 1; Junco, 12; Song Sparrow, 1; Cardinal, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Black-capped Chickadee, 4; Winter Wren, 1. Total, 13 species, 50 individuals.—ANsEL B. MILLER. West Chester, Pa.—o:30 A.M. to 5 P.M. Cloudy two hours, remainder clear; several inches of snow, but many bare spots; wind west, brisk; temp. 36°. Turkey Vulture, 6; Goshawk, 2; Red-tailed Hawk, 5; Red-shouldered Hawk, 5; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 10; American Crow, 1,630 (afternoon flight to great roost) ; Starling, 76; Redpoll, 70; Goldfinch, 15; White-throated Sparrow, 2; Tree Sparrow, 3; Junco, 105; Song Sparrow, 45; Cardinal, 9; Pipit, 30; Brown Creeper, 1; Mockingbird, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5. Total, 20 species, 2,022 individuals.—C. E. EHINGER. 24 Bird - Lore Williamsport, Pa.—Dec. 27; 9 A.M. to 4 P.M. Cloudy and sleety; temp. 32° at 8 A.M.; no wind; 5 in. of snow. Distance covered, 9 miles. The two of us covered the same territory. American Merganser, 6; Black Duck, 7; Hawk (Sharp-shinned?), 1; King- fisher, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 13; Crow, 20; Tree Sparrow, 30; Slate-colored Junco, 20; Song Sparrow, 2; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 3; White- breasted Nuthatch, 12; Tufted Titmouse, 5; Chickadee, 9; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 6; Bluebird, 4. Total, 17 species, 142 individuals—Joun P. and Cuas. V. P. Younc. Wyncote and Glenside, Pa. (to and through the old Baeder Property and return— about 5 miles).—Dec. 24; 8 A.M. to 2 P.M. Fair; ground snow-covered; no wind; temp. 20° to 32°. Hawk sp., 2; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Flicker, 2; Crow, 16; Starling, 30; Purple Finch, 4; Goldfinch, 4; White-throated Sparrow, 16; Slate-colored Junco, 60; Song Sparrow, 15; Cardinal, 8; Winter Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 2; White- breasted Nuthatch, 2; Chickadee, 3; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 5. Total, 16 species, 179 individuals—(Mrs. W. B.) JANE G. NoBLe and EstHER HEAcocK, of the Wyncote (Pa.) Bird Club. Chevy Chase, Md. (from Chevy Chase Village to Rock Creek, northeast and from the Village to Chevy Chase Lake).—Dec. 26; 8 to 10 A.M. and 2 to 4 P.M. Clear and still; temp. 24° to 28°. Turkey Vulture, 10; Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Screech Owl, 2; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 3; Flicker, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 8; Red-headed Woodpecker, 11; Blue Jay, 21; American Crow, 30; Fish Crow, 2; Purple Finch, 8; Goldfinch, 6; White-throated Sparrow, 16; Tree Sparrow, 14; Junco, 80; Song Sparrow, 22; Cardinal, 27; Mockingbird, 4; Carolina Wren, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 10; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 9; Carolina Chickadee, 2° Black-capped Chickadee, 6 (flock 1 mile north of District Line, on Rock Creek); Golden- crowned Kinglet, 2; Bluebird, 19. Total, 27 species, 324 individuals ——S. W. MELLorrt, M.D. Berwyn, Md., to Anacostia, D.C.—Dec. 23; 8:30 a.m. to 5 P.M. Clear; ground partly snow-covered; wind light, southerly; temp. 27° to 44°. Herring Gull, 1; Canvas- back, 1; Turkey Vulture, 29; Marsh Hawk, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 3; Red-shouldered Hawk, 4; Southern Downy Woodpecker, 9; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 2; Red-headed Woodpecker, 15; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Flicker, 3; Blue Jay, 35; Crow, 3,000; Fish Crow, 8; Red-winged Blackbird, 3; Meadowlark, 10; Purple Grackle, 1; Purple Finch, 2; Goldfinch, 7; White-throated Sparrow, 60; Tree Sparrow, 127; Junco, 305; Song Sparrow, 93; Fox Sparrow, 5; Cardinal, 28; Migrant Shrike, 1; Carolina Wren, 8; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 16; Caro- lina Chickadee, 8; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 7. Total, 33 species, 3,796 individuals. Bluebirds were heard passing overhead on two occasions but were not*seen.—Ira N. GABRIELSON and E. R. KALMBACH. Washington, D. C. (Woodridge, D. C., to Contee, Md., thence to Bowie, Md.).— Dec. 25; 7:30 A.M. to 4 P.M. Partly cloudy; ground partly bare of snow; wind, north- west; temp. low, rising but little above freezing. Observers together. Bob-white, 37; Turkey Vulture, 19; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 3; Broad-winged Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 3; Red- headed Woodpecker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 8; Blue Jay, 40; Crow, 1,000; Meadowlark, 2; White-winged Crossbill, 23; Goldfinch, 40; Pine Siskin, 1; Eng- lish Sparrow, 50; White-throated Sparrow, 45; Tree Sparrow, 10; Slate-colored Junco, 65; Song Sparrow, 5; Cardinal, 11; Myrtle Warbler, 3; Mockingbird, 1; Carolina Wren, 3; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Tufted Titmouse, 7; Carolina Chickadee, 6; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 12; Bluebird, rr. Total, 34 species, 1,423 individuals—Dovucras C. Marsort and Ernest G. Hott. Washington, D. C.—Dec. 23; 10 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Clear; ground partly snow-cov- ered; wind northwest, light; temp. 34°. Bob-white, to; Turkey Vulture, 11; Hairy Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 25 Woodpecker, 1; Red-headed Woodpecker, 4; Flicker, 3; Blue Jay, 8; Crow, 1,000; Goldfinch, 3; White-throated Sparrow, 50; Song Sparrow, 5; Towhee, 1; Mockingbird, 1; Carolina Wren, 3; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 3; Carolina Chickadee, 4. Total, 18 species, about 1,140 individuals WALTER DOANE. Washington, D. C. (Roslyn to Four-mile Run, and Oaks to Wellington, Va.).— 8 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Rain all day; calm; temp. 32° to 40°. Herring Gull, 13; Black Duck, 3; Marsh Hawk, 3; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Barred Owl, 5; Kingfisher, 1; Hairy Wood- pecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 7; Red-headed Woodpecker, 3; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 4; Blue Jay, 9; Crow, 208; Fish Crow, 3; Starling, 20; Meadowlark, 5; Rusty Blackbird, 1; Crow Blackbird, 9; Purple Finch, 3; White-winged Crossbill (collected), 21; Goldfinch, 1; White-throated Sparrow, 79; Field Sparrow, 2; Tree Sparrow, 23; Junco, 160; Song Sparrow, 37; Swamp Sparrow, 5; Cardinal, 10; Myrtle Warbler, 1; Mockingbird, 4; Carolina Wren, 8; Brown Creeper, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 7; Carolina Chickadee, 7; Golden- crowned Kinglet, 19; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 2; Bluebird, 20. Total, 39 species, 717 individuals.—A. K. FisHer, W. L. McATEk, E. A. PREBLE and ALEX. WETMORE. Washington, D. C. (to Arlington, Va.; Dyke, Va.).—Dec. 24; 9 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Partly overcast; raw, southerly winds; temp. 40°. Distance 8 miles. Herring Gull, 20; Ring-billed Gull, 2; Lesser Scaup, 1; Canada Goose, 25; Bob-white, 20; Turkey Vul- ture, 12; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Broad- winged Hawk, 1; Bald Eagle, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Kingfisher, 6; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 12; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Red-headed Woodpecker, 18; Flicker, 10; Horned Lark, 34; Blue Jay, 3; American Crow, 500; Fish Crow, 3; Red- winged Blackbird, 7; Meadowlark, 2; Rusty Blackbird, 1; Purple Grackle, 6; Purple Finch, 20; Goldfinch, 3; Snow Bunting, 1 (third record in thirty years); White-throated Sparrow, 50; Tree Sparrow, 50; Junco, 100; Song Sparrow, 10; Cardinal, 18; Mocking- bird, 3; Carolina Wren, 20; Winter Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 5; White-breasted Nut- hatch, 7; Tufted Titmouse, to; Carolina Chickadee, 20; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 15; Hermit Thrush, 1; Bluebird, 12. Total, 44 species, 1,039 individuals—Mr. and Mrs. Leo D. MINER and Raymonp W. Moore. Dyke, Va. (near Washington, D. C.).—Dec. 31; i: A.M. to 4 P.M. Clear and raw; ground bare; practically no wind; temp. 25°. Distance 5 miles, through pine woods and old pine fields almost exclusively. Species seen elsewhere, in italics. Herring Gull, 12; Bob-white, 1; Turkey Vulture, 8; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Broad- winged Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Kingfisher, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Red-headed Woodpecker, 2; Blue Jay, 8; Crow, 25; Red-winged Blackbird, 8; Purple Finch, 12; White-winged Crossbill, 2; Goldfinch, 3; White-throated Sparrow, 15; Tree Sparrow, 30; Junco, 30; Song Sparrow, 10; Cardinal, 2; Myrtle Warbler, 1; Carolina Wren, 4; Winter Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 15; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Red-breasted Nut- hatch, 40; Tufted Titmouse, 18; Carolina Chickadee, 15; Golden-crowned Kinglet, so; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 3; Hermit Thrush, 1; Bluebird, 4. Total, 32 species (indi- viduals of 23 species seen in pines), 326 individuals—Mrs. Epcar W. Moore, CLar- ENCE R. SHOEMAKER, Mr. and Mrs. Leo D. MINER, and RAymonp W. Moore. Four-Mile Run and New Alexandria, Va. (across from Washington, D. C.).—Dec. 23; 7:30 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Clear; temp. at 8 A.m., 27°. Distance covered, 6 miles. Herring Gull, 85; Mallard, 3 (males); Black Duck, 170 (doubtless including some female Mal- lards); Bufflehead, 1; Great Blue Heron, 2; Killdeer, 1; Turkey Vulture, 10; Marsh Hawk, 3; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Screech Owl, 2 (in Washington); Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Northern Flicker, 3; Blue Jay, 7; American Crow, 500; Fish Crow, 1; Meadowlark, 7; Rusty Blackbird, 4; Purple Finch, 5; White-winged Crossbill, 2 (excellent view); Goldfinch, 12; White-throated Sparrow, 3; Tree Sparrow, 200; Slate-colored Junco, 150; Song Sparrow, 50; Swamp Sparrow, 2; Towhee, 1; Cardinal, 26 Bird - Lore 20; Migrant Shrike, 1; American Pipit, 1 (a familiar bird to me; identification certain); Mockingbird, 5; Carolina Wren, 4; Brown Creeper, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 12; Tufted Titmouse, 9; Carolina Chickadee, 8; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 8; Bluebird, 2. Total, 38 species, 1,299 individuals.—J. P. Youne. Herndon, Va.—Dec. 25; 8 A.M. to 2 P.M. Clear; ground partly snow-covered; wind west, light; temp. 39°. Bob-white, 10; (Turkey?) Vulture, 9; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Red-headed Woodpecker, 3; Flicker, 5; Blue Jay, 14; Crow, 21; Meadowlark, 6; grackle sp., 4; Goldfinch, 4; White-throated Sparrow, 7; Tree Sparrow, 3; Junco, 43; Song Sparrow, 7; Cardinal, 6; Cedar Waxwing, 5; Mockingbird, 3; Winter Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 3; nuthatch sp., 11; Tufted Titmouse, 3; chickadee sp., 12; Bluebird, 7. Total, 24 species, 193 individuals—PrARL M. BEARD. Charleston, Kanawha Co., W. Va.—Dec. 24; 8:30 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; ground almost clear on south side of hills, north side snow-covered; temp. 29° to 49°. Bob-white, 22; Hairy Woodpecker, 4; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Yellow-bellied Sap- sucker, 1; Red-headed Woodpecker, 2; Northern Flicker, 8; American Crow, 1; Gold- finch, 4; White-throated Sparrow, 3; Tree Sparrow, 16; Field Sparrow, 97; Junco, 83; Song Sparrow, 23; Towhee, 14; Cardinal, 44; Catbird, 1 (very rare here in winter, but one stayed last year till January; the one here now came about Dec. 1); Carolina Wren, 19; White-breasted Nuthatch, 8; Tufted Titmouse, 33; Black-capped Chickadee, 12; Robin, 2; Bluebird, 4. Total, 22 species, 403 individuals—PuiLttip CRAWFER and I. H. JOHNSTON. Lewisburg, W. Va.—Dec. 26; 8 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Cloudy; snow on north and west hillsides; wind east, light; temp. 25°. Bob-white, 16; Mourning Dove, 1; Turkey Vul- ture, 19; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Barred Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 17; Pileated Woodpecker, 3; Red-headed Woodpecker (immature), 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 11; Flicker, 7; Blue Jay, 29; American Crow, 35; Meadow- lark, 12; Purple Finch, 16; Goldfinch, 25; Tree Sparrow, 126; Slate-colored Junco, 294; Song Sparrow, 2; Cardinal, 20; Mockingbird, 1; Carolina Wren, 6; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 24; Tufted Titmouse, 23; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 7; Blue- bird, 9. Total, 28 species, 712 individuals—Cuartes O. HANDLEY, Harry E. HANDLEY and Pror. H. C. BaILey. White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.—Dec. 25; 11 A.M. to 5:15 P.M. Fine; wind west, light; ground partly snow covered; altitude 1,900 to 2,400 ft.; temp. 38° to 46°. Ruffed Grouse, 3; Turkey Vulture, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Barred Owl, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 5; Tree Sparrow, 5; Junco, 150; Cardinal, 2; Brown Creeper, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 7; White-breasted Nuthatch, 9; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 17; Bluebird, 12. Total, 19 species, 233 individuals.—Mr. and Mrs. Stantey V. LaADow. Currituck Sound, N. C.—Dec. 31; dawn until dark. Clear; wind north, fresh; temp. 30° to 38°. Country visited: Monkey Island, Waterlily Island, the Sound, marshes, and beach, live oak and pine woods, cotton and corn fields. Observers together. Holbecell’s Grebe, 2; Horned Grebe, 6; Pied-billed Grebe, 1; Herring Gull, 10; Bonaparte’s Gull, 18; Hooded Merganser, 24; Mallard, 15; Black Duck, 150; Baldpate, 75; Pintail, 2,000; Redhead, 6,000; Canvasback, 4,500; scaup sp., 4; American Goldeneye, 6; Old- squaw, 3; Ruddy Duck, 1,500; Canada Goose, 4,000; Whistling Swan, 2,000; Great Blue Heron, 4; Coot, 2,500; Wilson’s Snipe, 15; Killdeer, 5; Turkey Vulture, 2; Marsh Hawk, 4; Bald Eagle, 5; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Screech Owl, 2; Kingfisher, 4; Southern Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Red-cockaded Woodpecker, 6; Flicker, 4; American Crow, 55; Fish Crow, 12; Red-winged Blackbird, 125; Meadowlark, 100; Boat-tailed Grackle, 15; Purple Finch, 2; Redpoll, 2 (very tame; observed for as long and at as close range as we wished. The A.O.U. check-list gives this species south only to Virginia.); Ipswich Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 27 Sparrow, 2; Savannah Sparrow, 30; Sharp-tailed Sparrow, 1; Chipping Sparrow, 1; Field Sparrow, 12; White-throated Sparrow, 3; Song Sparrow, 41; Swamp Sparrow, 13; Fox Sparrow, 6; Cardinal, 8; Orange-crowned Warbler, 1; Myrtle Warbler, 66; Pine Warbler, 1; Pipit, 2; Mockingbird, 5; Catbird, 1; Carolina Wren, 5; Winter Wren, 1; Long-billed Marsh Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 1; Brown-headed Nuthatch, 25; Carolina Chickadee, 6; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 7; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1 (most northern winter record). Total, 62 species, 23,565 individuals. Seen also the day before or the day after the census: Loon, 1; Red-breasted Merganser, 75; Black Vulture, 5; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Goldfinch, 100; Pine Siskin, 18; Junco, 20; Towhee, 4; Cedar Waxwing, 1; House Wren, 1; Brown Thrasher, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 10; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 3; Hermit Thrush, 2; Robin, 10, making a grand total of 78 species.—J. M. Jounson, J. T. NicHots and LupLow Griscom. Lexington, N. C.—Dec. 26; 9:30 A.M. to 5 P.M. Cloudy with a little rain; ground bare, frost in some places; wind north to northeast, moderate; temp. 37° to 46°. Bob- white, 26; Turkey Vulture, 17; Red-shouldered(?) Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Northern Flicker, 2; Phoebe, 2; Blue Jay, 2; Crow, 17; Meadowlark, 18; Purple Finch, 20; Goldfinch, 5; White-throated Sparrow, 34; Field Sparrow, 51; Slate-colored Junco, 139; Song Sparrow, 27; Fox Sparrow, 1; Towhee, 1; Cardinal, 26; Cedar Waxwing, 17; Myrtle Warbler, 1; Carolina Wren, 18; Winter Wren, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Carolina Chickadee, 12; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 3; Hermit Thrush, 3; Bluebird, 61. Total, 29 species, 512 individuals. The identifica- tion of the Phcebe was solely by its note; but I have seen this species hereabout on Oct. 30 and Feb. 17, so it very probably winters—THEODORE ANDREWS. Louisburg, N. C.—Dec. 25. Clear; ground bare; wind light. Bob-white, 1; Turkey Vulture, 4; Black Vulture, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Red- headed Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 2; Phoebe, 2; Blue Jay, 1; Crow, 4; Red Crossbill, 2; Goldfinch, 1; White-throated Sparrow, 25; Chipping Sparrow, 6; Field Sparrow, 6; Slate-colored Junco, 250; Song Sparrow, 15; Cardinal, 1; Mockingbird, 1; Carolina Wren, 4; Brown-headed Nuthatch, 6; Tufted Titmouse, 4; Chickadee, 10; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 10; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 1. Total, 25 species, 358 individuals—CLiFrTon and RoBert AsHBY and JOSEPH C. JONES. Raleigh, N. C.—Dec. 23; 7 A.M. to1 P.M. Clear; ground bare; wind southwest, very light; temp. 28°. Great Blue Heron, 1; Killdeer, 1; Turkey Vulture, 25; Marsh Hawk, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Southern Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Red- headed Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 1; Phoebe, 1; Crow, 5; Red-winged Blackbird, 100; Meadowlark, 10; Purple Grackle, 1; Purple Finch, 5; Goldfinch, 6; White-throated Sparrow, 100; Field Sparrow, 6; Slate-colored Junco, 20; Song Sparrow, 150; Fox Spar- row, 50; Cardinal, 12; Carolina Wren, 6; Brown Creeper, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 6; Tufted Titmouse, 2; Carolina Chickadee, 12; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 25; Ruby- crowned Kinglet, 1; Hermit Thrush, 3; Robin, 2. Total, 32 species, 561 individuals.— C. S. BrimLey and Epwarp BRIMLEY. Columbia, S. C.—Dec. 25; 10 A.M. to 4 P.M. Cloudy and damp; ground bare; no wind; temp. 45°. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Red-headed Woodpecker, 3; Flicker, 2; Meadowlark, 25; Goldfinch, 6; Vesper Sparrow, 4; White-throated Sparrow, 10; Chip- ping Sparrow, 1; Field Sparrow, 22; Junco, 100; Loggerhead Shrike, 3; Myrtle Warbler, 2; Palm Warbler, 6; Mockingbird, 8; Brown Thrasher, 6; Carolina Wren, 8; Golden- crowned Kinglet, 2; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 1; Hermit Thrush, 1; Bluebird, 22. Total, 20 species, 233 individuals—Atrex. R. TAyLor and Mary E. Carr. Monetta, S. C.—Dec. 25; 9 A.M. to1 P.M. Cloudy; wind slight; temp. 50°. Dove, 100; Turkey Vulture, 2; Black Vulture, 12; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Southern Downy Wood- pecker, 1; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Southern Flicker, 4; Phoebe, 2; Blue Jay, 8; ? Red-winged Blackbird, 75; Meadowlark, 60; Goldfinch, 10; White-throated Sparrow, 28 Bird - Lore 24; Slate-colored Junco, 60; Song Sparrow, 12; Towhee, 1; Cardinal, 2; Cedar Wax- wing, 15; Loggerhead Shrike, 3; Mockingbird, 6; Brown Thrasher, 2; Carolina Wren, 4; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 2; Robin, 12; Bluebird, 30. Total, 24 species, 450 individuals. —BELLE WILLIAMS. Spartanburg, S. C.—Dec. 26; 9 a.m. to 1 P.M. Cloudy; ground bare; wind north- east, light; temp. 37°. Bob-white, 8; Mourning Dove, 30 (1 flock); Turkey Vulture, 3; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Southern Downy Woodpecker, 2; Red-headed Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 6; Phoebe, 3; Blue Jay, 30; American Crow, 4; Meadowlark, 23; Purple Grackle, 16; Purple Finch, 37; Goldfinch, 39; White-throated Sparrow, 17; Field Sparrow, 18; Slate-colored Junco, 127; Song Sparrow, 14; Towhee, 9; Cardinal, 21; Loggerhead Shrike, 1; Myrtle Warbler, 8; Pine Warbler, 2 (1 singing); Mockingbird, 3; Brown Thrasher, 1 (unusual); Carolina Wren, 9; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 13; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 19; Hermit Thrush, 9; Robin, 1; Bluebird, 9. Total, 34 species, 492 individuals—GABRIEL CANNON. Atlanta, Ga. (Piedmont Park, Collier’s Woods, South River and Proctor Creek).— Dec. 24; 6 A.M. to 6 p.m. Cloudy; wind east; temp. 40° to 50°. Observers together from 10 A.M. till noon, following different routes the rest of the day. Pied-billed Grebe, 1; Mallard, 1; Ring-necked Duck, 1; Green Heron, 1; Wilson’s Snipe, 25; Killdeer, 30; Mourning Dove, 9; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 7; Hairy Woodpecker, 4; Downy Woodpecker, 10; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 10; Pileated Woodpecker, 1; Red-headed Woodpecker, 8; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 30; Pheebe, 6; Blue Jay, 50; Crow, 15; Red-winged Blackbird, 500; Meadowlark, 100; Purple Grackle, 10; Purple Finch, 24; Goldfinch, 200; Vesper Sparrow, 4; Savannah Sparrow, 10; White-throated Sparrow, 150; Chipping Sparrow, 6; Field Sparrow (1 partial albino), 125; Junco, 200; Song Sparrow, 60; Swamp Sparrow, 30; Fox Sparrow, 8; Towhee, 50; Cardinal 30; Cedar Waxwing, 20; Loggerhead Shrike, 2; Myrtle Warbler, 7; Pine War- bler, 6; Maryland Yellowthroat, 2; American Pipit, 50; Mockingbird, 10; Brown Thrasher, 1; Carolina Wren, 20; Bewick’s Wren, 1; House Wren, 2; Winter Wren, 10; Brown Creeper, 6; White-breasted Nuthatch, 6; Brown-headed Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 10; Carolina Chickadee, 18; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 10; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 10; Hermit Thrush, 8; Robin, 2; Bluebird, 20. Total, 64 species, about 1,985 individuals—JameEs M. SANForD and W. E. HANNuM. Okefinokee Swamp, Ga.—Dec. 27; 5:40 A.M. to 11 P.M. Misty rain in early morn- ing, rest of day clear; practically no wind; temp. about 55°. Territory covered: Billy’s Island to Dinner Pond Lake, about 15 miles by boat through a cypress swamp. Water- Turkey, 2; Black Duck, 3; Wood Duck, 10; Ward’s Heron, 4 (1 collected); American Egret, 1; Sandhill Crane, 2; Wilson’s Snipe, 20; Killdeer, 3; Bob-white, 2; Mourning Dove, 12; Turkey Vulture, 12; Florida Red-shouldered Hawk, 4; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Florida Barred Owl, 8; Kingfisher, 1; Southern Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Pileated Wood- pecker, 10; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 6; Flicker, 6; Phoebe, 12; Florida Blue Jay, 3; Cowbird, 1; (Florida?) Red-winged Blackbird, 100; Southern Meadowlark, 1; Florida Grackle, 1; Purple Finch, 1; Goldfinch, 8; Pine Siskin, 4; Vesper Sparrow, 2; White- throated Sparrow, 2; Field Sparrow, 1; Song Sparrow, 1; Swamp Sparrow, 10; Towhee, (P. e. erythrophihalmus), 2; Cardinal, 4; Cedar Waxwing, 12; Myrtle Warbler, 16; Mock- ingbird, 10; Catbird, 7; Brown Thrasher, 3; Carolina Wren, 6; House Wren, 1; Brown- headed Nuthatch, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 2; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 2; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 4; Hermit Thrush, 2; Robin subsp., 100; Bluebird, 1. Total, 49 species, 432 individuals.—FRaNcis HARPER, DAvip LErE and FAR Ley LEE. Daytona Beach, Fla. (within two miles).—Dec. 27; 8:30 A.M. to 4:30 P.M. Clear; ground wet; wind southeast, light to brisk; temp. 70°. Herring Gull, 15; Laughing Gull, 276; Bonaparte’s Gull, 316; Royal Tern, 38; Least Tern, 3; cormorant sp., 2; Brown Pelican, 3; Ward’s Heron, 11; Louisiana Heron, 1; Little Blue Heron, 9; Least Sand- Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 209 piper, 1; Semipalmated Sandpiper, 5; Sanderling, 168; Killdeer, 9; Ruddy Turnstone, 3; Ground Dove, 6; Turkey Vulture, 3; Black Vulture, 9; Little Sparrow Hawk, 3; Kingfisher, 11; Red-headed Woodpecker, 2; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 2; Flicker, 3; Pheebe, 6; Florida Blue Jay, 35; Florida Jay, 3; Fish Crow, 2; Southern Meadowlark, 17; Red-eyed Towhee, 3; Florida Cardinal, 3; Tree Swallow, 10; Loggerhead Shrike, 23; White-eyed Vireo, 2; Myrtle Warbler, 27; Palm Warbler, 4; Florida Yellowthroat, 2; Mockingbird, 23; House Wren, 3; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 3; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 5. Total, 40 species, 1,064 individuals—Martaa K. TICHENOR. Daytona Beach, Fla.—Dec. 26; 10:45 A.M. to 5 P.M. Ground muddy; almost no wind; temp. 67°-+. Horned Grebe, 6; Pied-billed Grebe, 2; Herring Gull, 4; Bonaparte’s Gull, 13; Royal Tern, 26; Florida Cormorant, 3; Brown Pelican, 1; Red-breasted Mer- ganser, 7; Lesser Scaup, 109; Wood Ibis, 11; Ward’s Heron, 25; Louisiana Heron, 26; Little Blue Heron, 31; Coot, 1; Least Sandpiper, 5; Semipalmated Sandpiper, 25; Sanderling, 52; Spotted Sandpiper, 2; Black-bellied Plover, 10; Killdeer, 57; Turkey Vulture, 10; Marsh Hawk, 1; Little Sparrow Hawk, 1; Kingfisher, 12; Phoebe, 3; Florida Blue Jay, 2; Fish Crow, 2; Florida Grackle, 2; Goldfinch, 5; Towhee, 2; Loggerhead Shrike, 3; Myrtle Warbler, 26; Palm Warbler, 2; Mockingbird, 10; House Wren, 2; Blue-gray Gnatcatcher, 1. Total, 36 species, 505 individuals—Mrs. Henry A. AINS- WORTH. Tallahassee, Fla.—Dec. 25; 9:30 to 11:30 A.M. Cloudy; no wind; temp. 68°. Kill: deer, 3; Turkey Vulture, 9; Black Vulture, 30; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 9; Flicker, 1; Phoebe, 5; Florida Blue Jay, 45; Crow, 9; Fish Crow, 7; Meadowlark, 35; Goldfinch, 65; Towhee, 4; Florida Cardinal, 4; Loggerhead Shrike, 3; Mockingbird, 8; Carolina Wren, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 6; Black-capped Chickadee (sang ‘pheebe’ song repeatedly), 10; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 3; Robin, 8. Total, 22 species, 268 individuals.—G. CLypE FIsHER. Anniston, Ala.—Dec. 25; out seven hours. Cloudy; wind southeast, light; temp. 38° to 58°; radius of area, about 4 miles. Mallard, 6; Killdeer, 11; Turkey Vulture, 18; Marsh Hawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Southern Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Southern Downy Woodpecker, 8; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 6; Red-headed Wood- pecker, 2; Flicker, 17; Phoebe, 1; Blue Jay, 34; Crow, 5; Red-winged Blackbird, 250; Meadowlark, 47; Bronzed Grackle, 200; Purple Finch, 1; Goldfinch, 9; White-throated Sparrow, 180; Chipping Sparrow, 12; Field Sparrow, 85; Slate-colored Junco, 56; Song Sparrow, 70; Fox Sparrow, 2; Towhee, 35; Cardinal, 37; Cedar Waxwing, 18; Migrant(?) Shrike, 1; Myrtle Warbler, 12; Palm Warbler, 75; Pipit, 1; Mockingbird, 3; Brown Thrasher, 11; Carolina Wren, 14; Brown Creeper, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 1; Carolina Chickadee, 10; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 6; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 1; Hermit Thrush, 4; Bluebird, 22. Total, 42 species, about 1,278 individuals ——R. H. DEAN. Nashville, Tenn. (Bellemeade to Glendale, including L. and N. (40-acre) reservoir). —8 A.M. to 3 P.M. Cloudy; ground wet and bare except snow still on hillsides; wind south, light; temp. 34°. Mallard, 1; Teal(?),1; Killdeer, 6; Bob-white,6; Mourning Dove, 2; Black Vulture, 1; Turkey Vulture, 2; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 3; Sparrow Hawk, 6; Kingfisher, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Pileated Woodpecker, 1; Red- bellied Woodpecker, 4; Red-headed Woodpecker, 2; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 2; North- ern Flicker, 40; Prairie Horned Lark, 370 (five flocks); Blue Jay, 2; Crow, 13; Meadow- lark, 80; Bronzed Grackle, 21; Goldfinch, 6; Savannah Sparrow, 5; White-crowned Sparrow, 1; White-throated Sparrow, 45; Field Sparrow, 6; Song Sparrow, 27; Fox Sparrow, 1; Slate-colored Junco, 75; Towhee, 35 (one flock of 25); Cardinal, 20; Cedar Waxwing, 2; Myrtle Warbler, 4; Mockingbird, 25; Carolina Wren, 12; Bewick’s Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 13; Carolina Chickadee, 15; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 1; Robin, 105 (five flocks); Bluebird, 17. Total, 44 species, 988 individuals.—A. F. GANIER. 30 Bird - Lore Hopkinsville, Ky.—Dec. 25; 9 to 11 A.M.; 2 to 4 P.M. Clear; patches of snow; wind east, calm; temp. A.M. 46°, P.M. 42°. Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 8; American Crow, 9; White-throated Sparrow, 3; Junco, 30; Towhee, 50; Cardinal, 4; Mockingbird, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 15; Black-capped Chickadee, 1; Blue- bird, 4. Total, 12 species, 129 individuals—W. E. Gray and W. E. Gray, Jr. Hinsdale, Ill—Dec. 27; 8 a.m. to 3 P.M. Clear; 3 in. of snow; wind west, light; temp. 20°. Observers together. Herring Gull, 5; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Wood- pecker, 7; Red-headed Woodpecker, 5; Blue Jay, 12; Crow, 13; Meadowlark, 1; Bronzed Grackle, 1; Purple Finch, 20; Red Crossbill, 7; Goldfinch, 1; Tree Sparrow, 25; Junco, 20; Cardinal, 10; White-breasted Nuthatch, 7; Chickadee, 1. Total, 16 species, 138 individuals.—Miss ESTHER CRAIGMILE and Mrs, C. E. RAYMOND. Peoria, Ill.—10 a.m. to 3 P.M. Cleaf; ground bare; wind west, moderate; temp. 32°. Herring Gull, 4; Ring-billed Gull, 5; Hooded Merganser, 13; Redhead, 2; Coot, 16; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Blue Jay, 5; Redpoll, 12; Goldfinch, 10; Tree Sparrow, 7; Junco, 50; Song Sparrow, 12; Cardinal, 30; Carolina Wren, 4; White- breasted Nuthatch, 6; Tufted Titmouse, 8; Black-capped Chickadee, 32. Total, 18 species, 221 individuals——JAMES SEDWICK and REGINALD PACKARD. Port Byron, Ill. (3 to 5 miles southeast).— Dec. 25; 8 A.M. to 2:30 p.m. Cloudy; 4 in. of snow; wind east, moderate; temp. 12° to 28°. Bob-white, 40; Rough-legged Hawk, 1; Barred Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 7; Downy Woodpecker, 10; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 4; Prairie Horned Lark, 6; Blue Jay, 5; Crow, 15; Redpoll, 7; Tree Sparrow, 250; Junco, 75; Cardinal, 1; Brown Creeper, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 8; Tufted Titmouse, 4; Chickadee, 22. Total, 17 species, 459 individuals.—J. J. SCHAFER. Rantoul, Ill.—o a.m. to 3 p.m. Cloudy; 6 in. of snow, drifted; wind east, brisk; temp. 15°+. Bob-white, 8; Prairie Hen, 27; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Broad-winged Hawk, 1; Rough-legged Hawk, 10; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Screech Owl, 4; Hairy Woodpecker, 15; Downy Woodpecker, 20; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Flicker, 2; Prairie Horned Lark, 100; Blue Jay, 10; Crow, 500; Bronzed Grackle, 1; Goldfinch, 8; Lapland Longspur, 10; Tree Sparrow, 50; Slate-colored Junco, 30; Song Sparrow, 25; Swamp Sparrow, 3; Cardinal, 8; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 20; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 10; Tufted Titmouse, 63; Black-capped Chickadee, 14; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 1. Total, 28 species, 948 individuals. 1 Redpoll recorded Dec. 22.—GroRGE E. EKBLAW and Eppre L. ExBLaw. Fort Wayne, Ind.—Dec. 28; 7:45 A.M. to 1 P.M. Clear; ground partly bare; wind west, strong; temp. 17°. Downy Woodpecker, 12; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 48; Purple Finch, 1; Tree Sparrow, 25; Slate-colored Junco, 7; Song Sparrow, 1; Fox Sparrow (?), 1; Cardinal, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 11; Tufted Titmouse, 7; Black-capped Chicka- dee, 22; Robin, 1. Total, 12 species, 143 individuals—Cuas. A. STOCKBRIDGE and A. A. RINGWALT. Gary to Dune Park, Ind. (about 15 miles).— Dec. 24; 9:30 A.M. to 3:30 P.M. Cloudy; snowing in A.M.; wind southwest to northwest; 8 in. of snow; temp. 30°. Herring Gull, 12; Bob-white, 7; Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 4; Crow, 1; Tree Sparrow, 53; Junco, 46; Chickadee, 3. Total, ro species, 130 individ- uals.—J. W. Futton and LEONARD Lyons. Indianapolis, Ind.—8:30 a.m. to 1:30 P.M. Ground clear of snow in open; clear; west wind, brisk; temp. 40°. Screech Owl, 1; Kingfisher, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Crow, 53; Bronzed Grackle, 1; Tree Sparrow, 39; Junco, 36; Song Sparrow, 9; Cardinal, 22; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Tufted Titmouse, 17; Chickadee, 7. Total, 13 species, 194 individuals —-RAyMOND MEAD, BERG Moore and EDWARD BLACK, Indianapolis, Ind.—Dec. 25; 10 A.M. to 2 P.M. Partly cloudy; 3 in. of old snow; wind east, light; temp. 25° to 31°. Bob-white, 10; Mourning Dove, 1; Kingfisher, 2; Hairy Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 31 - Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 7; Bronzed Grackle, 3; Tree Sparrow, 72; Slate- colored Junco, 55; Song Sparrow, 26; Cardinal, 40; Carolina Wren, 3; Brown Creeper, 8; White-breasted Nuthatch, 12; Tufted Titmouse, 38; Black-capped Chickadee, 10; Blue- bird, 2. The first time that I ever saw Bluebirds on or near Christmas, but they have been seen almost every week since the close of migration showing conclusively that some individuals are wintering in this locality. Total, 17 species, 344 individuals.— Etta S. WILSON. Lafayette, Ind.—8:45 A.M. to 12:45 P.M. Partly cloudy; snow on ground; wind northeast, brisk; thawing in sun. Sparrow Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Blue Jay, 10; Crow, 11; Tree Sparrow, 14; Slate-colored Junco, 15; Song Sparrow, 20; Cardinal, 14; Carolina Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 7; Tufted Titmouse, 25. Total, 13 species, 125 individuals—M. L. FIsHEr. Roachdale, Ind.—Dec. 25; 8:30 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; 2 in. of snow; wind southeast, light; temp. 20° to 30°. Kingfisher, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 11; Red- bellied Woodpecker, 4; Flicker, 2; Blue Jay, 6; American Crow, 36; Meadowlark, 6; Tree Sparrow, 104; Slate-colored Junco, 5; Song Sparrow, 6; Cardinal, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 9; Black-capped Chickadee, 20; Robin, 1. Total, 16 species, 216 individuals. (Also 3 species unidentified hawks—8 individuals) —Warp J. Rice. Cadiz, Ohio.— Dec. 24; 9 A.M. to 12:45 P.M.; 2:40 to 4 P.M. Cloudy; 2)4 in. of snow; wind southeast, light; temp. 24° to 34°. Distance walked, 9% miles. Bob-white, (tracks of 21); Mourning Dove, 1; Ring-necked Pheasant, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 8; Prairie Horned Lark, (heard) 1; Blue Jay, 2; Crow, 4; Tree Sparrow, 10; Junco, 20; Song Sparrow, 6; Cardinal, 7; Carolina Wren, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 9; Tufted Titmouse, 9 (sings); Chickadee, 7. Total, 16 species, 126 individuals—Harry B. McCoNNELL, JOHN WorLEY and RAymMonp TIMMONS, Laceyville, Ohio.— Dec. 24; 9 A.m. to 12 M. Cloudy; 4 in. of snow; wind moderate, shifting from east to southwest; temp. 20° to 34°. Bob-white, 18; Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 10; Red-bellied Wood- pecker, 5; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Redpoll, 35; Goldfinch, 3; Tree Sparrow, 75; Junco, 40; Song Sparrow, 8; Cardinal, 8; Carolina Wren, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 6; Tufted Titmouse, 10; Chickadee, 5. Total, 17 species, 235 individuals.—E. E. Smiru. Canton, Ohio.—Dec. 24; 8 a.m. to 2:30 P.M. Cloudy; 12 in. of snow with numerous much deeper drifts; wind southeast, moderate in morning, stronger in afternoon; temp. 18° to 30°. Bob-white, 20; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Tree Sparrow, 116; Slate-colored Junco, 33; Song Sparrow, 6; Cardinal, 10; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 9; Black-capped Chickadee, 7. Total, 12 species, 212 individuals—Epwarp D. Kimes. Canton, Ohio.—Dec. 28; 11 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Clear; ground covered with snow, much drifted; wind west; temp. 30°. Sparrow Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Blue Jay, 3; Tree Sparrow, 3; Song Sparrow, 7; Cardinal, 5; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 10; Tufted Titmouse, 3; Chickadee, 10; Golden- crowned Kinglet, 1. Total, 12 species, 51 individuals May S. DANNER and Mary KING. Cumberland, Ohio.—Dec. 28; 10:30 A.M. to 5 P.M. Fair; ground bare; wind west, brisk; temp. 32° to 35°. Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Wood- pecker, 3; Crow, 34; Tree Sparrow, 55; Junco, 3; Song Sparrow, 9; Cardinal, 4; Carolina Wren, 4; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Tufted Titmouse, 5; Chickadee, 6. Total, 12 species, 128 individuals —Hazet Scorr and Foster H. Scorr. Hillsboro, Ohio.—Dec. 25; 8 A.M. to 12 M., and 1 to 2 P.M. Clear followed by cloudy; 1 ft. of snow crusted over; light southwest wind; temp. 10° to 30°. Walked 1 mile south, then rode north in machine and walked 2 miles. Bob-white, 40; Mourning Dove, 30; 32 Bird- Lore Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; (Red-tailed?) Hawk, 1; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Sparrow . Hawk, 3; Barred Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 8; Downy Woodpecker, 10; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 2; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 4; Flicker, 5; Horned Lark, 50; Blue Jay, 11; Bronzed Grackle, 4; Crow, 250; Meadowlark, 62; Tree Sparrow, 50; White-throated Sparrow, 12; Slate-colored Junco, 200; Song Sparrow, 60; Cardinal, 35; Northern Shrike, 1; Migrant Shrike, 1; Carolina Wren, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 40; kinglet sp., 1; Robin, 1. Total, 29 species, 889 individuals.— LetHa E. Roaps. Meadow Brook and East Harbor, Lakeside, Ohio.—Dec. 25; 9:30 A.M. to 3 P.M. Clear; 8 in. of snow; wind northwest, light; temp. 20°. Nine miles. Canvasback, 4; Bob-white, 15; Ring-necked Pheasant, 5; Bald Eagle, 2; Sparrow Hawk, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 6; American Crow, 9; Purple Finch, 2; Redpoll, 34; Goldfinch, 1; Tree Sparrow, 45; Song Sparrow, 8; Cardinal, 13; Bohemian Waxwing, 2. Total, 14 species, 148 individuals—RoBERT KeEtty and G. I. HAuxnurst. Mt. Vernon, Ohio.—g:30 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Foot of snow; wind west, light; temp. 12°. Sparrow Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 8; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Horned Lark, 9; Blue Jay, 9; Crow, 2; Redpoll, 20; Goldfinch, 5; Tree Sparrow, 22; Junco, 7; Song Sparrow, 17; Cardinal, 14; Carolina Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 16; Tufted Titmouse, 6; Chickadee, 15. Total, 18 species, 154 individuals—Mzuss Cora and V. F. DreBer. Salem, Ohio.—Dec. 25; 8:30 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Cloud sheet; wind northwest, light; 4 to 18 in. of snow; temp. 26°. Distance walked, 4 miles, home by auto 2 miles. Red- shouldered Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Blue Jay, 4; Car- dinal, 5; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 5. Total, 7 species, 24 indi- viduals.—H. W. WEISGERBER. Sewickley, Pa.—Dec. 25; 9 A.M. to 12 M. Cloudy; ground bare, snow in the woods; wind northwest, very brisk and fresh; temp. 30°. Distance covered, about 7 miles. Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 17; American Crow, 3; American Gold- finch, 1; Tree Sparrow, 40; Junco, 6; Song Sparrow, 1; Cardinal, 6; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 6; Tufted Titmouse, 12; Chickadee, 10. Total, r2 spe- cies, 105 individuals.—Bayarp H. Curisty and Francis A. HEGNER. Toledo, Ohio (Woodlawn Cemetery, Ottawa Park and land west of city).—8 a.m. to 2 p.M. Clear; several in. of snow; wind very light; temp. 25° to 30°. Bob-white, 9; Long-eared Owl, £; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Blue Jay, 7; Crow, 2; Purple Finch, 10; Goldfinch, 4; Tree Sparrow, 17; Junco, 23; Song Sparrow, 3; Cardinal, 9; Brown Creeper, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Chickadee, 7; Robin, 1. Total, 15 species, 104 indi- viduals—EpDWARD METZGER, West Lafayette, Ohio.—Dec. 27; 8 A.M. to 2 P.M. Heavy clouds, fog, drizzling rain; snow in woods and on north hillsides; wind southwest; temp. 48°. Walked 11 miles. Mourning Dove, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, 2; Great Horned Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3; Blue Jay, 3; Crow, 4; Tree Spar- row, 50; Slate-colored Junco, 62; Song Sparrow, 8; Cardinal, 23; Pipit(?), 500; Carolina Wren, 6; White-breasted Nuthatch, 8; Black-capped Chickadee, 2. Total, 16 species, 678 individuals —SHERIDAN F. Woop. Youngstown, Ohio.—Dec, 25; 8 A.M. to 5 P.M. Partly cloudy; about 12 in. of snow; wind northwest, moderate; temp. 27° to 33°. Walked about 12 miles. Bob-white, 4; Ruffed Grouse, 3; Sparrow Hawk, 1; Barred Owl, 1; Kingfisher, 2; Hairy Woodpecker, 8; Downy Woodpecker, 20; Northern Pileated Woodpecker, 1 (our first hereabouts for nearly three years); Red-bellied Woodpecker, 4; Northern Flicker, 1; Blue Jay, 29; Crow, 3; Meadowlark, 1; Rusty Blackbird, 1 (has been present about two weeks); Goldfinch, 5; Tree Sparrow, 48; Slate-colored Junco, 5; Song Sparrow, 7; Cardinal, 39; Winter Wren, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 36; Tufted Titmouse, 11; Chickadee, 41; Golden-crowned; : Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 33 Kinglet, 15. Total, 24 species, 287 individuals—GrorGE L. Forpyce, VOLNEY ROGERS, C. A. Lerpy and Mr. and Mrs. WiLiis H. WARNER. Detroit, Mich.—Dec. 23; Palmer Park (140 acres), 8 to 10 A.M.; Belle Isle Park (700 acres), 1:30 to 4 P.M. Clear; 6 in. of snow; wind southwest, moderate; temp. 8° at start, 26° at finish. Herring Gull, 4; White-winged Scoter, 5; Ring-necked Pheasant, 3; Hairy Woodpecker, 7; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Crow, 3; Northern Shrike, 1; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Chickadee, 21. Total, 11 species, 57 individuals —RALPH BEEBE. South Haven, Mich.—Dec. 24; 9 A.M. to 3 P.M. Four in. of snow; wind west, light; temp. 40°. Herring Gull, 8; Old-squaw, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 10; Blue Jay, 4; Crow, 4; Redpoll, 30; Junco, 33; Song Sparrow, 4; Cardinal, 10; Mockingbird, 1 (identified by one who had seen Mockingbirds in the South); White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Tufted Tit- mouse, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 40. Total, 14 species, 151 individuals—Mrs. A. N. WiirAms, Miss Ruta Mywan, Miss Jessie Nicot, Mrs. M. R. FrREsHWATERS, MIss BERTHA SHAW, Mr. ArtHUR Moore and Miss FLORENCE L. GREGORY. Elkhorn, Lauderdale Lakes and vicinity, Wis.—Dec. 26; 8 A.M. to 12 M.; 1:30 to 3 p.M. Cloudy, raining; ground covered with snow and ice; wind northeast shifting to southeast, strong; temp. 28° to 31°. Mallard, 3; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Wood- pecker, 2; Red-headed Woodpecker, 5; Blue Jay, 2; Crow, 1; Tree Sparrow, 8; Slate- colored Junco, 7; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 5. Total, ro species, 35 individuals. Redpolls have been abundant up to day of taking census. A Robin was seen the past week and a Northern Shrike several times.—LuLA DUNBAR. Hartland, Wis.—Dec. 23; 8:30 A.M. to 4 P.M. Clear; 4 in. of snow; wind southwest, light; temp. 8°. Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Blue Jay, 13; Crow, 3; Redpoll, 30; Pine Sis- kin, 27; Tree Sparrow, 8; Junco, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Chickadee, 7. Total, 9 species, 94 individuals.—Susie L. Stmonps. Manitowoc, Wis.—Dec. 25; 1:30 to 4:30 P.M. Cloudy; 6 in. of snow; wind northeast, light; temp. 20°. Distance covered, 5 miles. Observers together. Herring Gull, 16; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Redpoll, 3; Pine Siskin, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 6. Total, 8 species, 33 individuals. —SCOUTMASTER JOHN EGAN, Scouts Harotp Grotu, Ep. Scumimpt and THEODORE KRUEGER. Waukesha, Wis.—Dec. 25; 9:30 A.M. to 4 P.M. Cloudy; 4 to 6 in. of snow; wind none; temp. 15° to 25°. Observers on same trip. Blue Jay, 10; Crow, 50; Redpoll, 2; Pine Siskin, 25; Tree Sparrow, 25; Slate-colored Junco, 7; Brown Creeper, 1; White- breasted Nuthatch, 1; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Black-capped Chickadee, 4; Golden- crowned Kinglet, 1. Total, 11 species, 127 individuals——Miss May Morcan and S. PAvL JONES. St. Peter, Minn.—Dec. 24; 10 A.M. to 12 M.; 1:30 to 5:30 P.M. Partly cloudy;,5 in. of snow; wind northeast, light; temp. 16°; 6-mile tramp~—fields, woods and lake. Mallard, 2; Bob-white, 25; Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 6; Blue Jay, 7; Red-winged Blackbird, 20; Tree Sparrow, 16; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 12; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Black-capped Chickadee, 22. Total, 12 species, 117 individuals—Harry J. LADvE. Lanesboro, Iowa.— Dec. 25; 8 A.M. to 2 P.M. Very cloudy; 2 in. of snow; wind south- east, brisk; temp. 8°; 13 miles. Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Long-eared Owl, 1; Screech Owl, 1; Flicker, 1; Prairie Horned Lark, 32; Blue Jay, 7; Crow, 7; Goldfinch, 13; Tree Sparrow, 100; Slate-colored Junco, 1; Northern Shrike, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; White- breasted Nuthatch, 2; Black-capped Chickadee, 55. Total, 14 species, 223 individuals.— ALBERT WETTER. Sioux City, Ia— Dec. 25; 9 A.M. to 12 M. Cloudy; 5 in. of snow; wind northeast, brisk; temp. 9° (Govt.). Birds suffering from cold, raw wind and lack of food. American 34 Bird - Lore Goshawk, 1; Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Prairie Horned Lark, 1; Redpoll, 12; Pine Siskin, 27; Tree Sparrow, 150; Junco, 60; Cardinal, 6; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 9; Chickadee, 25; Golden- crowned Kinglet, 1; Bluebird, 4 (2 adults and 2 young). The Bluebirds were in deep woods, but even there their usual food-supply of insects, etc., must have been largely lacking. Total, 15 species, 303 individuals. Bluebird, Golden-crowned Kinglet and Goshawk are unusual here. Seems to be a wave of Goshawks all over Iowa and South Dakota this year—ArTHUR LINDSEY and WALTER W. BENNETT. South English, lowa.—Dec. 27; 8:30 A.M. to 1 P.M. Ground snow-covered; wind south, very light; temp. 10°. Bob-white, 26; Mourning Dove, 2 (quite a few are staying in barnyards here this winter); Hairy Woodpecker, 6; Downy Woodpecker, 12; (Red- bellied?) Woodpecker, 1 (close-barred black and white with red extending from top of head to quite low on neck); Blue Jay, 7; Crow, 14; Slate-colored Junco, 90; Cardinal, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 18; Tufted Titmouse, 1 (I have been feeding this individual for some time; it surely answers Reed’s description); Black-capped Chickadee, 120; Robin, 1. Total, 13 species, 300 individuals —Joun B. SLATE. Lennox, S. D. (town and adjacent country).—Dec. 23; 9 to 11 A.M.; 2 to 5:30 P.M. Partly cloudy; ground bare except a little snow in shaded spots; wind southwest, light; temp.—2°. Long-eared Owl, 1; Screech Owl, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 1; Horned Lark, 500; American Crow, 150; Redpoll, 156; Greater Redpoll, 1; Lapland Longspur, 10,000 (an uncounted multitude; probably 100,000 are wintering in this vicinity); Tree Spar- row, 165; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Chickadee, 1; Brown Creeper, 1. Total, 12 species, 10,982 individuals —W. B. MALiory. Vermillion, S. D. (down Vermillion River 3 miles, back over prairie).—Dec. 22; 1:30 to 4:15 P.M. Clear; ground bare; wind northwest, light; temp. 17°. Hairy Wood- pecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 5; Crow, 1; Redpoll, 45; Goldfinch, 1; Tree Sparrow, 29; Slate-colored Junco, 6; Cardinal, 1; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 6; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 36, Total, 12 species, 135 individuals.—W. H. Over and W. M. WItty. Yankton, S. D.—Dec. 28; 9:30 A.M. to 12:30 P.M. Clear; 1% in. of snow; wind south- west, light; temp. 8°. Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Downy Woodpecker, 3; Flicker, 1; Crow, 3; Red Crossbill, 6; Goldfinch, 8; Lapland Longspur, 15; Tree Sparrow, 100; Slate-colored Junco, 10; Montana Junco, 1; Song Sparrow, 1; Brown Creeper, 2; White-breasted Nuthatch, 1; Chickadee, 15. Total, 14 species, 167 individuals——AvustTIN P. LARRABEE. Fremont, Neb.—Dec. 26; 7:30 A.M. to 12 M. Clear; 1 in. of snow, with ice (thunder storm and rain the preceding night); wind northwest, cold; temp. 30°. Screech Owl, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 3; Downy Woodpecker, 4; Northern Flicker, 1; Prairie Horned Lark, 30; Blue Jay, 1; Crow, 1; Red Crossbill, 8; Goldfinch, 4; Pine Siskin, 13; Tree Sparrow, 45; Brown Creeper, 6; White-breasted Nuthatch, 5; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 7; Chickadee, 35. Total, 15 species, 164 individuals —Mrs. Lity Ruecc-ButTtTon. Omaha, Neb.—Dec. 27. Parks, boulevards and cemeteries, 2 to 4 miles in sparsely wooded ravines, etc., four distinct areas all not over 5 miles from post office. Clear; ground white; light west wind; temp. 30° to 12°. Marsh Hawk, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 4; Downy Woodpecker, 9; Flicker, 4; Blue Jay, 9; Crow, 21; Purple Finch, 5; Red Cross- bill, 2; Redpoll, 86; Song Sparrow, 1; Goldfinch, 46; Pine Siskin, 11; Tree Sparrow, 18; Slate-colored Junco, 165; Towhee, 1; Cardinal, 8; Loggerhead Shrike, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 9; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 10; Chickadee, 87. Total, 21 species, 499 individuals.—Mitres GREENLEAF, L. O. Horsky, Wm. Mars and Dr. S. R. Towne. Kansas City, Mo. (district between the Country Club and Dodson, in the Swope Park region and in the country between Independence and Atherton).—Dec. 23, 24, 25. Bob-white, 7; Marsh Hawk, 2; Red-tailed Hawk, 6; Rough-legged Hawk, 1; Sparrow Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 35 Hawk, 2; Short-eared Owl, 5; Kingfisher, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 32; Downy Wood- pecker, 31; Red-headed Woodpecker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 8; Flicker, 34; Prairie Horned Lark, 6; Blue Jay, 46; Crow, 70; Red-winged Blackbird, 1,500; Thick-billed Red-wing, 7 (1 taken); Purple Finch, 13; Red Crossbill, 4; Goldfinch, 200; Pine Siskin, 3; Lapland Longspur, 2; Harris’s Sparrow, 10; White-crowned Sparrow, 12; Tree Spar- row, 650; Slate-colored Junco, 750; Song Sparrow, 37; Lincoln’s Sparrow, 1; Swamp Sparrow, 2; Fox Sparrow, 5; Cardinal, 59; Bohemian Waxwing, 2 (one taken); Cedar Waxwing, 8; Carolina Wren, 34; Winter Wren, 2; Brown Creeper, 21; White-breasted Nuthatch, 4; Tufted Titmouse, 45; Chickadee, 90; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 12; Robin, 8; Bluebird, 7. Total, 42 species, 3,740 individuals—RatpH HoFrFMANN, CHARLES TINDALL, Wm. MICHAELS and HARRY HARRIS. Marionville, Mo.—Dec. 25; entire day. Snow on north slopes; wind southeast, strong. Area covered, 15 miles. Wilson’s Snipe, 4; Bob-white, 40; Red-tailed Hawk, 5; Swainson’s Hawk, 2; Kingfisher, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 2; Prairie Horned Lark, 8; Blue Jay, 7; Crow, 12, Meadowlark, 1; Goldfinch, 5; Harris’s, Sparrow, 2; Tree Sparrow, 1; Slate-coloréd Junco, 200; Song Sparrow, 4; Swamp Spar- row, 12; Fox Sparrow, 2; Cardinal, 15; Winter Wren, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 25; Chickadee, 18; Bluebird, 1. Total, 26 species, 397 individuals — JOHNSON NEFF. Marshall, Mo.—Dec. 23; 9 A.M. to 2 P.M. Overcast with thick haze; wind variable, light; temp. 30°. Distance covered, 8 miles. Marsh Hawk, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Red- tailed Hawk, 3; Kingfisher, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 7; Downy Woodpecker, 17; Red- bellied Woodpecker, 7; Flicker, 2; Blue Jay, 15; American Crow, 36; Red-winged Black- bird, 1; Meadowlark, 1; Purple Finch, 11; Goldfinch, 48; Pine Siskin, 15 (the second time in 16 years); Tree Sparrow, 215; Slate-colored Junco, 45; Song Sparrow, 3; Cardinal, 14; Carolina Wren, 1; Brown Creeper, 1; White-breasted Nuthatch, 3; Tufted Titmouse, 14; Carolina Chickadee, 17. Total, 24 species, 479 individuals—J. A. LAUGHLIN. Pleasant Hill, Mo.—Dec. 25; 8 a.m. to 12 M. Partly cloudy; brisk, chilly east wind; small patches of snow on ground. Brushy fields and small groves. Bob-white, 5; Ameri- can Rough-legged Hawk, 2; Red-tailed Hawk(?), 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 2; Downy Woodpecker, 12; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 3; Flicker, 11; Blue Jay, 25; American Crow, 40; Purple Finch, 20; Goldfinch, 18; Tree Sparrow, 40; Chipping Sparrow, 2; Field Sparrow, 1; Slate-colored Junco, 60; Song Sparrow, 9; Cardinal, 27; Brown Creeper, 3; White-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Tufted Titmouse, 25; Black-capped Chickadee, 40; Blue- bird, 3. Total, 22 species, 351 individuals.—A. E. Surritnc. Austin, Texas. (west from town on Mesquite prairie, south of town on Colorado River and in cedar brakes along Barton Creek).—Dec. 25; 7:30 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Heavy fog up to 10:30 A.M., partly clear rest of day; light south wind in afternoon; temp. about 60°. Distance traveled, about 12 miles. Killdeer, 12; Bob-white, 3; Mourning Dove, 16; Inca Dove, 11; Turkey Vulture, 20; Black Vulture, 75; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Red-shouldered Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 5; Barn Owl, 2; Hasbrouck’s Screech Owl, 1; Burrowing Owl, 1; Belted Kingfisher, 5; Southern Downy Woodpecker, 2; Texan Wood- pecker, 3; Yellow-bellied Sapsucker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 5; Golden-fronted Woodpecker, 2; Northern Flicker, 21; Phoebe, 3; Blue Jay, 31; American Crow, 11; Meadowlark, 200; Arkansas Goldfinch, 600; Pine Siskin, 7; Vesper Sparrow, 7; Savannah Sparrow, 3; Lark Sparrow, 90; Harris’s Sparrow, 200; White-crowned Sparrow, 1; Field Sparrow, 36; Slate-colored Junco, 200; Black-throated Sparrow, 2; Rock Sparrow, 6; Song Sparrow, 7; Lincoln’s Sparrow, 18; Fox Sparrow, 9; Towhee, 10; Cardinal, 90; Cedar Waxwing, 5,000; Loggerhead Shrike, 2; Myrtle Warbler, 160; Sprague’s Pipit, 36; Mockingbird, 90; Brown Thrasher, 1; Cafion Wren, 12; Carolina Wren, 48; Texas Bewick’s Wren, 6; House Wren, 7; Winter Wren, 4; Brown Creeper, 1; Sennett’s Tit- mouse, 28; chickadee sp., 42; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 4; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 30; 36 Bird- Lore Wood Thrush,* 1; Gray-cheeked Thrush*, 1; Olive-backed Thrush*, 2; Robin, 5,000; Bluebird, 60. Total, 60 species, 12,253 individuals. All numbers above s0 are estimates. Cedar Waxwings, Robins and Arkansas Goldfinches were too numerous to attempt to count.—W. S. Taytor and W. H. WARREN. : Taylor, Tex.—Dec. 25; 10:30 A.M. to 1:30 P.M. Cloudy to partly cloudy; ground bare; wind southwest, light to moderate; av. temp. 71°. Woodcock, 4; Killdeer, 4; Texas Bob-white, 1; Mourning Dove, 14; Turkey Vulture, 11; Black Vulture, 9; Marsh Hawk, 2; Red-shouldered (?) Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 3; Burrowing Owl, 1; Road- runner, 1; Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Red-bellied Woodpecker, 1; Flicker, 4; Phcebe, 1; Crow, 1; Meadowlark and Western Meadowlark, together, 40; Goldfinch, 25; Vesper Sparrow, 1; Grasshopper Sparrow, 22; Harris’s Sparrow, 30; Slate-colored Junco, 20; Song Sparrow, 65; Lincoln’s Sparrow, 8; Cardinal, 5; Cedar Waxwing, 3; White-rumped Shrike, 2; Myrtle Warbler, 26; Sprague’s Pipit, 1; Mockingbird, 12; Texas Wren, 1; Western House Wren, 1; Plumbeous Chickadee, 5; Robin, 88; Bluebird, 14. Total, 36 species, 428 individuals. Observers worked conjointly—Mr. and Mrs. H. TuLtsen. Bozeman, Mont.—1to A.M. to 2:30 p.m. Cloudy, with occasional light siftings of dry snow; snow 18 in. deep; light breeze from northwest; temp.— 2°. Grouse, 1; Batchelder’s Woodpecker, 1; Magpie, 13; Black-headed Jay, 1; Western Crow, 1; Redpoll, 18; Western Tree Sparrow, 12; Mountain Song Sparrow, 4; Bohemian Waxwing, 50; Long- tailed Chickadee, 8; Mountain Chickadee, 1. Total, 11 species, rro individuals.— NELSON LUNDWALL. Meridian, Idaho (irrigated farm lands).—Dec. 22; 8:27 A.M to 4:10 P.M. Clear until 3 P.M.; 1 in. of snow; wind southeast, light, increasing to strong; temp. 28° to 32°; 14 miles. Bob-white, 17; Chinese Pheasant, 53; Marsh Hawk, 7; hawk sp. (large), 9; hawk sp. (small), 2; Long-eared Owl, 30; Short-eared Owl, 1; Western Horned Owl, 2; Red-shafted Flicker, 7; Pallid Horned Lark, 98; Magpie, 219; Blackbird (some had red wings, and probably some Brewer’s Blackbirds were with them), 396; Western Meadow- lark, 23; House Finch, 141; Pale Goldfinch, 31; Gambel’s Sparrow, 13; Shufeldt’s Junco, 221; Merrill’s Song Sparrow, 71; Whitexumped Shrike, 2; Western Tule Wren, 1; Long- tailed Chickadee, 3. Total, 21 species, 1,347 individuals. Dec. 19, Snowy Owl, r. First seen Nov. 23, and often between times. Dec. 21, Batchelder’s Woodpecker, 1.—ALrex. STALKER. Denver, Colo.—11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Cloudy, snowing; ground with 4 in. of snow; wind north, light; temp. 14° to 18°. Ring-necked Pheasant, 42; Long-eared Owl, 3; Orange-shafted Flicker, 3; Desert Horned Lark, 15; Magpie, 50; Red-winged Black- bird, 8; Meadowlark, 3; House Finch, 25; Redpoll, 1; Tree Sparrow, 30; Shufeldt’s Junco, 1; Pink-sided Junco, 2; Gray-headed Junco, 2; Mountain Chickadee, 4. Total, 14 species, 189 individuals —W. H. BeRGrotp. Red Butte and Marron, Colo.—1o a.m. to 3 p.M. Cloudy; a foot of snow; temp. 32°. Golden Eagle, 1; Hairy Woodpecker subsp., 2; Downy Woodpecker subsp., 1; two species of jays, 8; Dipper, 1; American Pipit, 30; Rocky Mountain Creeper, 1; Moun- tain Chickadee, 3. Total, 9 species, 67 individuals —Mrs. Ipa L. Locug. Camp Verde, Ariz. (elevation 3,100 feet).—Dec. 22; 10 A.M. to 3 P.M. Clear; ground bare; wind southwest, light; temp. 50°. Great Blue Heron, 3; Killdeer, 2; Gambel’s Quail, 50; Mourning Dove, 1; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; American Goshawk, 1; Western Red-tail, 1; Desert Sparrow Hawk, 1; Rocky Mountain Hairy Woodpecker, 1; Red- naped Sapsucker, 1; Gila Woodpecker, 2; Red-shafted Flicker, 1; Pallid Horned Lark, 20; Western Meadowlark, 20; Brewer’s Blackbird, 30; Arkansas Goldfinch, 10; Western Vesper Sparrow, 5; White-crowned Sparrow, 20; Intermediate Junco, 50; Sage Sparrow, 20; White-rumped Shrike, 1; Curve-billed Thrasher, 1; Rock Wren, 1; Cafion Wren, 1; *We doubt these three thrushes, especially the Gray-cheeked, as they winter so far south of the United _States.—Ed. Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 37 Western House Wren, 1; Bridled Titmouse, 4; Mountain Chickadee, 2; Lead-colored Bush-Tit, 1; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 6; Western Robin, 2; Western Bluebird, 30; Moun- tain Bluebird, 1. Total, 32 species, 291 individuals —Oscar F. SCHAEFER. Seattle, Wash.—o:30 to 11 A.M.; 1:50 to 4:30 P.M. Clear; ground bare; light north wind; temp. 40°, afternoon, 34°. Residence section near Lake Washington and along boulevards. Observers together. Herring Gull, 13; Mallard, 2; Coot, 35; Killdeer, 5; California Quail, 7; Gairdner’s Woodpecker, 1; Northwestern Flicker, 12; Stellar’s Jay, 35; Western Crow, 12; Brewer’s Blackbird, 12; Pine Siskin, 1; Oregon Junco, 262; Rusty Song Sparrow, 41; Oregon Towhee, 18; Cedar Waxwing, 55; Seattle Wren, 2; Western Winter Wren, 1; Oregon Chickadee, 55; Western Robin, 126; Varied Thrush, r. Total, 21 species, 708 individuals.—Mrs. J. I. Corwett and Mr. J. W. CLIsE, Jr. Portland, Ore.—Dec. 26; 9:30 A.M. to 5 P.M. Ground bare; easterly wind, light; av. temp. 34°. Herring Gull, 111; Glaucus-winged Gull, 1; Mallard, 14; Baldpate, 40; Green-winged Teal, 42; Pintail, 8; Canvasback, 2; Great Blue Heron, 1; Wilson’s Snipe, 8; Killdeer, 8; Oregon Ruffed Grouse, 1; Ring-necked Pheasant, 4; Western Goshawk, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 1; Kingfisher, 3; Gairdner’s Woodpecker, 1; Red-shafted Flicker, 13; Western Crow, 27; Western Evening Grosbeak, 63; Willow Goldfinch, 1; Oregon Junco, 133; Rusty Song Sparrow, 17; Yakutat Fox Sparrow, 4; Oregon Towhee, 11; Vigors’s Wren, 2; Oregon Chickadee, 44; Chestnut-backed Chickadee, 15; Ruby- crowned Kinglet, 4; Western Robin, 2; Varied Thrush, 8. Total, 30 species, 568 indi- viduals.—W. D. Stronc, Tom McCamant and W. L. BrEewsTER, JR. Portland, Ore. (Mt. Tabor, Reed College, Crystal Springs, Riverview Cemetery, Multnomal, and Washington Park—all in the city of Portland. Trip made in auto with frequent stops to note birds). Dec. 26; 9:30 A.M .to 1:30 P.M.; 2:30 to 4:30 P.M. Clear and cold; brisk east wind; ground bare; temp. 32° to 36°. Glaucous-winged Gull, 17; California Gull, 7; Hooded Merganser, 2; Mallard, 50; Green-winged Teal, 3; Canvas- back, 6; Scaup, 6; Scoter, 6; Snow Goose, 2; Canada Goose, 3; Wilson’s Snipe, 2; Ring- necked Pheasant, 3; Desert Sparrow Hawk, 1; Belted Kingfisher, 1; Red-shafted Flicker, 1; Crow, 1; Rusty Song Sparrow, 16; White-crowned Sparrow, 1; Golden-crowned Spar- row, 2; Oregon Junco, 33; Oregon Towhee, 5; Western Robin, 23; Varied Thrush, 5. Total, 24 species, 232 individuals—Mary E. Raker, HELEN D. TonsetH and Mar- GARETHE E. WOLLE. Salem, Ore.—Dec. 26; 9 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Ground bare; wind, northeast to north- west. Ring-necked Pheasant, 1; Western Redtail, 1; Kennicott’s Screech Owl, 2; King- fisher, 1; Gairdner’s Woodpecker, 2; Northwestern Flicker, 11; California Jay, 10; Western Crow, 9; Meadowlark, 1; Brewer’s Blackbird, 1; Redpoll, 10; Willow Gold- finch, 3; Pine Siskin, 23; Golden-crowned Sparrow, 19; Oregon Junco, 205; Rusty Song Sparrow, 21; Oregon Towhee, 8; Seattle Wren, 2; Oregon Chickadee, 28; Chestnut- backed Chickadee, 8; Slender-billed Nuthatch, 2; California Creeper, 1; Western Robin, 20; Western Bluebird, 6. Total, 24 species, 399 individuals—Rutsa and Louts STEWART, and Fay and Fern WELLs. Escondido, Cal.—Dec. 25; 7:30 A.M. to 2:30 P.M. Clear; cold northwest wind; temp. 37°. 10 miles by buggy; 5 miles ’cross country. Including birds seen Dec. 22 and 23. Killdeer, 16; Valley Quail, 60; Mourning Dove, 32; Sharp-shinned Hawk, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 2; Western Red-tailed Hawk, 1; Desert Sparrow Hawk, 4; Barn Owl, 2; California Screech Owl, 1; Burrowing Owl, 3; Roadrunner, 1; Red-shafted Flicker, 5; Black-chinned Hummingbird, 5; Arkansas Kingbird, 6; Say’s Phcebe, 9; Black Pheebe, 6; California Horned Lark, 73; jay sp. ,2; Red-winged Blackbird subsp., 5; Western Meadow- lark, 100; Brewer’s Blackbird, 75; House Finch, 173; Willow Goldfinch, 15; (Oregon?) Vesper Sparrow, 20; Western Lark Sparrow, 130; White-crowned Sparrow, 120; Western Chipping Sparrow, 134; Junco subsp., 18; Bell’s Sparrow, 5; San Diego Song Sparrow, 3; Anthony’s Towhee, 12; Cedar Waxwing, 24; California Shrike, 7; Audubon’s Warbler, 38 Bird - Lore 78; Western Mockingbird, 10; Pasadena Thrasher, 3; Western House Wren, 2; Western Robin, 375; Western Bluebird, 150. Total, 40 species, 1,700 individuals —FrEepD GALLUP. San Francisco, Cal. (Golden Gate Park and Lake Merced).—Dec. 25; 8 a.m. to 5:30 P.M. Clear; light west wind; temp. 40° to 50°. Observers together. Western Grebe, 8; Eared Grebe, 50; Pied-billed Grebe, 20; Common Loon, 1; California Murre, 1; Glaucous-winged Gull, 3; Western Gull, 150; Herring Gull, 105; Mallard, 310; Bald- pate, 73; Green-winged Teal, 130; Shoveler, 220; Canvasback, 1,580; Lesser Scaup, 128; Bufflehead, 12; White-winged Scoter, 35; Surf Scoter, 1; Ruddy Duck, 485; Great Blue Heron, 3; Coot, 1,735; Killdeer, 130; Snowy Plover, 24; California Quail, 60; Sharp- shinned Hawk, 1; Cooper’s Hawk, 2; Western Goshawk, 1; Western Red-tailed Hawk, 3; Northern Pigeon Hawk, 1; Sparrow Hawk, 2;. Western Kingfisher, 1; Red-shafted Flicker, ro; Anna’s Hummingbird, 15; Black Phoebe, 8; California Horned Lark, 12; California Jay, 2; Bicolored Blackbird, 320; Western Meadowlark, 160; Brewer’s Black- bird, 20; California Purple Finch, 1; Green-backed Goldfinch, 1; House Finch, 170; Bryant’s Marsh Sparrow, 18; Gambel’s and Nuttall’s Sparrows, 1,500; Golden-crowned Sparrow, 7; Sierra Junco, 25; Santa Cruz Song Sparrow, 125; Yakutat Fox Sparrow, 3; San Francisco Towhee, 2; California Shrike, 5; Hutton’s Vireo, 1; Audubon’s Warbler, 850; Townsend’s Warbler, 5; Salt Marsh Yellowthroat, 5; American Pipit, 176; Vigors’s Wren, 4; Red-breasted Nuthatch, 2; Santa Cruz Chickadee, 25; Coast Bush-Tit, 50; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 12; Sitkan Kinglet, 4; Dwarf Hermit Thrush, 30; Western Robin, 126; Varied Thrush, 8; Pale Varied Thrush, 1. Total, 65 species, 8,979 indi- viduals. On Dec. 23 and 24, the following also: Bonaparte’s Gull, 3; Red-breasted Merganser, 1; Pintail, 2; Virginia Rail, 1; Red-backed Sandpiper, 40; Western Sand- piper, 1; Say’s Phoebe, 2; Golden-crowned Kinglet, 2. Grand total for 3 days, 73 species. —Haroip E. HANSEN, WALTER A. SQutres, C. R. THomAs and Jesse Krapp. Los Angeles, Cal. (Los Angeles Harbor, San Fernando Valley, Benedict Canyon, Eagle Rock Valley, Silver Lake, Nigger Slough, Sunset Beach, Eaton Canyon, Hollen- beck Park).—Dec. 27; 6:30 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Cloudy after 10 A.M., misty in p.m.; wind northeast, light; temp. 28° to 68°. Observers in six parties as indicated, each covering different territory. Western Grebe, 4; Eared Grebe, 8; Pied-billed Grebe, 10; Red- throated Loon, 1; Glaucous-winged Gull, 6; Western Gull, 280; California Gull, 34; Ring-billed Gull, 40; Short-billed Gull, 3; Forster’s Tern, 5; Farallon Cormorant, 4; Baird’s Cormorant, 9; California Pelican, 21; Mallard, 1; Baldpate, 7; Cinnamon Teal, 4; Shoveler, 1; Pintail, 5; Redhead, 2; Canvasback, 212; Scaup, 1; White-winged Scoter, 1; Ruddy Duck, 21; Great Blue Heron, 13; American Egret, 11; Black-crowned Night Heron, 4; Sora, 1; Coot, 122; Northern Phalarope, 4; Wilson’s Snipe, 17; Least Sandpiper, 12; Red-backed Sandpiper, 19; Western Sandpiper, 41; Sanderling, 34; Greater Yellowlegs, 1; Hudsonian Curlew, 13; Black-bellied Plover, 3; Killdeer, 53; Snowy Plover, 13; Valley Quail, 100; Mourning Dove, 21; Turkey Vulture, 14; Marsh Hawk, 2; Western Red-tailed Hawk, 2; Bald Eagle, 1; Desert Sparrow Hawk, 18; Barn Owl, 1; Burrowing Owl, 8; Roadrunner, 3; Kingfisher, 1; Willow Woodpecker, 1; Nuttall’s Woodpecker, 2; Red-naped Sapsucker, 1; California Woodpecker, 7; Red- shafted Flicker, 40; Anna’s Hummingbird, 28; Cassin’s Kingbird, 11; Say’s Phcebe, 12; Black Phoebe, 39; California Horned Lark, 400; California Jay, 28; Western Crow, 8; San Diego Redwing, 1,125; Western Meadowlark, 194; Arizona Hooded Oriole, 1 (stray, living in a private yard); Brewer’s Blackbird, 1,161; House Finch, 871; Willow Gold- finch, 200; Green-backed Goldfinch, 2,700; Western Savannah Sparrow, 9; Large-billed Sparrow, 70; Belding’s Sparrow, 119; Gambel’s Sparrow, 391; Golden-crowned Sparrow, 29; Thurber’s Junco, 677; Rufous-crowned Sparrow, 1; San Diego Song Sparrow, 78; Thick-billed Fox Sparrow, 5; Towhee (P. maculatus subsp.), 15; Anthony’s Towhee, 87; Tree Swallow, 3; California Shrike, 33; Hutton’s Vireo, 5; Audubon’s Warbler, 1,306; Townsend’s Warbler, 1; Pacific Yellowthroat, 9; Pipit, 136; Dipper, 2; Western Mock- Bird-Lore’s Seventeenth Christmas Census 39 ingbird, 84; Pasadena Thrasher, 4; Rock Wren, 1; San Diego Wren, 6; Western House Wren, 2; Tule Wren, 27; Plain Titmouse, 3; Bailey’s Mountain Chickadee, 5; California Bush-Tit, 80; Wren-Tit, 11; Ruby-crowned Kinglet, 16; Western Gnatcatcher, 2; Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, 4; Dwarf Hermit Thrush, 15; Western Robin, 177; Western Bluebird, 95; Mountain Bluebird, 28. Total, 105 species, 8,746 individuals——Mrs. F. T. BICcKNELL and Mrs. Rospert Farco; Miss HELEN S. Pratt and Mrs. W. L. Brown- LEE; Mr. L. E. Wyman; Dr. E. A. DiAt and Mrs. WARREN MARTz; Mr. ALFRED CooxkMAN; and Mr. JoHN B. FREDERICK. Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds FORTY-SECOND PAPER By FRANK M. CHAPMAN (See Frontispiece) Crissal Thrasher (Toxostoma crissale, Fig. 1).—As with other Thrashers, the sexes of this species are alike in color and the seasonal changes in color are due only to fading and wear. The summer plumage, aside from being more frayed, is more sandy in tone than that of winter. The juvenal (nestling) plumage closely resembles that of the adult, but is slightly paler below. The succeeding, or first winter plumage, is not distin- guishable from that of the adult. The Crissal Thrasher ranges from western Texas to the Pacific coast north- ward as far as southern Utah, and southward into northern Sonora and Lower California. No races of it have been described. California Thrasher (Toxostoma redivivum, Fig. 2)——The above remarks concerning the plumage of the Crissal Thrasher apply also to this species. This bird, however, has a more restricted range, being found only in California and northern Lower California. Our figure (Fig. 2) is unfortunately too brown above and the ventral region and crissum are too deeply colored, faults of reproduction, which apparently cannot at times be avoided. Leconte’s Thrasher (Toxostoma lecontei, Fig. 3).—In general tone of color Leconte’s Thrasher resembles Bendire’s Thrasher. It is, however, even paler than that species (and hence is the palest of all the Thrashers) and the underparts are unspotted. So far as the adults are concerned, the slight color changes in the plumage of this species are the same as those of other Thrashers. The juvenal plumage, however, is somewhat more fulvous both above and below than that of the mature bird. Two races of this species are recognized, Toxostoma lecontei lecontei to which the name Leconte’s Thrasher is restricted, and Toxostoma lecontei arenicola, the Desert Thrasher, a slightly darker form. The first inhabits the deserts of south- ern California, southern Nevada and southward into northern Sonora, and to San Felipe Bay in Lower California. The second is said to be confined to the deserts of Lower California lying between latitudes 28° and 30°. Bird-Lore’s Advisory Council addresses of the ornithologists forming Brrp-Lore’s ‘Advisory Council,’ which were first published in Brrp-Lore for February, 1900. To those of our readers who are not familiar with the objects of the Council, we may state that it was formed for the purpose of placing students in direct communication with an authority on the bird-life of the region in which they live, to whom they might appeal for information and advice in the many diffi- culties which beset the isolated worker. The success of the plan during the sixteen years that it has been in opera- tion fully equals our expectations. From both students and members of the Council we have had very gratifying assurances of the happy results attend- ing our efforts to bring the specialist in touch with those who appreciate the opportunity to avail themselves of his wider experience. It is requested that all letters of inquiry to members of the Council be accompanied by a stamped and addressed envelope for use in replying. ’ TITH some slight alterations, we reprint below the names and NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF MEMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COUNCIL UNITED STATES AND TERRITORIES ALasKA.—Dr. C. Hart Merriam, 1919 16th St. N. W., Washington, D. C. Arizona.—Harriet I. Thornber, Tucson, Ariz. CALIFORNIA.—Joseph Grinnell, University of California, Berkeley, Cal. CALIFORNIA.— Walter K. Fisher, Palo Alto, Cal. Cotorapo.—Dr. W. H. Bergtold, 1460 Clayton Ave., Denver, Colo. Connecticut.—J. H. Sage, Portland, Conn. DELAWARE.—S. N. Rhoads, Haddonfield, N. J. District oF CotumBia.—Dr. C. W. Richmond, U. S. Nat’l. Mus., Washington, D. C. FLoripaA.—Frank M. Chapman, Am. Mus. Nat. History, New York City. FLoripa, Western.—R. W. Williams, Jr., Talahassee, Fla. GrorciA.—Dr. Eugene Murphy, Augusta, Ga. . Ittino1s, Northern.—B. T. Gault, Glen Ellyn, Ill. ILLINOIS, Southern.—Robert Ridgway, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Inp1AnA.—A,. W. Butler, State House, Indianapolis, Ind. Towa.—C. R. Keyes, Mt. Vernon, Iowa. Kansas.—University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kan. Lovis1anA.—Prof. George E. Beyer, Tulane University, New Orleans, La. Maine.—A. H. Norton, Society of Natural History, Portland, Maine. MASSACHUSETTS.— William Brewster, Cambridge, Mass. Micuican.—Prof. W. B. Barrows, Agricultural College, Mich. Minnesota.—Dr. T. S. Roberts, Millard Hall University of Minn., Minneapolis, Minn. Missourr.—O. Widmann, 5105 Morgan St., St. Louis, Mo. Montana.—Prof,. J. M. Elrod, University of Montana, Missoula, Mont. NeBRASKA.—Dr. R. H. Walcott, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Neb. Nevapa.—Dr. A. K. Fisher, Biological Survey, Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. (40) Bird-Lore’s Advisory Council 4I New HampsHireE.—Dr. G. M. Allen, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Boston. NEw Jersey, Northern —Frank M. Chapman, Am. Mus. Nat. History, New York City. NEw Jersey, Southern.—Witmer Stone, Academy Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. New Mexico.—Dr. A. K. Fisher, Biological Survey, Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. New York, Eastern.—Dr. A. K. Fisher, Biological Survey, Washington, D. C. New York, Western.—E. H. Eaton, Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y. Nortu Daxota.—Prof. O. G. Libby, University, N. D. Nortu Carorina.—Prof. T. G. Pearson, 1974 Broadway, New York City. Oxut1o.—Prof. Lynds Jones, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio. OxLAHOMA.—Dr. A. K. Fisher, Biological Survey, Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. OreEGoN.—W. L. Finley, Milwaukee, Ore. : PENNSYLVANIA, Eastern.— Witmer Stone, Acad. Nat. Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. PENNSYLVANIA, Western.—W. E. Clyde Todd, Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, Pa. RHODE IsLanp.—H. S. Hathaway, Box 1466, Providence, R. I. SoutH CAROLINA.—Dr. P. M. Rea, Charleston Museum, Charleston, S. C. Trexas.—H. P. Attwater, Houston, Tex. © Utau.—Prof. Marcus E. Jones, Salt Lake City, Utah. VermMont.—Prof. G. H. Perkins, Burlington, Vt. Vircinta.—Dr. W. C. Rives, 1723 I Street, Washington, D. C. WASHINGTON.—Samuel F. Rathburn, Seattle, Wash. West Vircointa.—Dr. W. C. Rives, 1723 I Street, Washington, D. C. Wisconsin.—H. L. Ward, Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wis. CANADA ALBERTA.—G. F. Dippie, Calgary, Alta. British CotumBiA.—Francis Kermode, Provincial Museum, Victoria, B. C. MAniIToBA.—Ernest Thompson Seton, Greenwich, Conn. Nova Scotia.—Harry Piers, Provincial Museum, Halifax, N. S. Ontario, Eastern.—James H. Fleming, 267 Rusholme Road, Toronto, Ont. ONTARIO, Western.—W. E. Saunders, London, Ont. QueBEc.—E. D. Wintle, 189 St. James Street, Montreal, Canada. MEXICO E. W. Nelson, Biological Survey, Dept. of Agr., Washington, D. C. WEST INDIES C. B. Cory, Field Museum, Chicago, Ill. GREAT BRITAIN Clinton G. Abbott, Rhinebeck, New York. Ginter Notes Evening Grosbeak in Pittsfield, Mass. It may be of interest to you, and as a sequel to ‘‘My Experience with Evening Grosbeaks,”’ a story that I sent you last Spring, I send you the following facts: The Evening Grosbeaks visited my win- dow until the 2oth of May this year, feed- ing from the trays and from my hand. Imagine my surprise to see six Evening Grosbeaks, four female and two male, this morning (Nov. 19, 1916), about 9.30 0’clock in the same trees that they were in the habit of alighting in last Spring, one bird flew down on to the piazza roof. I immediately put out the trays with seed but all flew away and did not return during the day. I was in hopes that they would return in the win- ter time, but did not expect them so early. Last Sunday we had a snow storm, about six inches fell on the mountains about this city, I wonder if the birds followed the storm, possibly it is a new record of early appearance.—CHARLOTTE M. Barrows, 113 Appleton Ave., Pittsfield, Mass. [The Berkshire Evening Eagle, pub- lished at Pittsfield December 26, 1916, has this additional note on Mrs. Barrows’ Evening Grosbeaks: “About three weeks ago, six or seven Evening -Grosbeaks showed up at the Barrows home, but Mrs. Barrows had not expected them and there was no food tray out in the accustomed place. After prospecting a while, the birds dis- appeared and did not reappear until very recently. Last year there were 42 in the flock and this year about 26 have put in an appearance. They are very tame and will eat out of Mrs. Barrows’ hand. They apparently know her and do not manifest any trepidation when she ap- pears at the window. On the contrary they crowd up close to the window to get their food. Let a stranger enter the room, however, and draw near to the window and the birds will flutter away quickly to a safe distance and recon- noiter for a while.’””—Ep.] Evening Grosbeaks in Fall River, Mass. The Evening Grosbeaks have again arrived in Fall River, Mass., for their fourth visit, the other years being 1911, 1914, 1916. The first one was seen on December 11; but their very distinctive call was heard on the tenth. This is the earliest date on which they have ever been seen in Fall River, as in the other years they have not been seen until February. Last year, when they were not reported to Brrp-Lore, they were seen for the first time on March 13, but were seen many times from that date until early in May, as many as fifteen at a time. This year the flock is even larger, eighteen or nineteen having been counted, with more males in full plumage than usual, so it is a beautiful sight. They feed occasionally in the box elder trees, but also seem to find some- thing on the ground they like, not as yet coming for the sun-flower seeds which have been put out.—ELLteEN M. SHOovE, 446 Highland Ave., Fall River, Mass. The Evening Grosbeak in New York City Walking along the path by the upper lake near the Botanical Garden Museum, on the morning of Nov. 23, of this year, I passed almost under three male Evening Grosbeaks. They were feeding in an ironwood tree on which a few old seeds still remained, and allowed me to pass not more than four or five paces away. While looking at and admiring the birds, which T had been acquainted with for many (42) Winter Notes 43 years in the West, the Assistant Direc- tor, Dr. Murrill, came by and I called his attention to them. He at once pronounced the birds to be similar to eight he had seen a week earlier in the Garden at no great distance from this point, and feed- ing on the same species of tree. This is the earliest date, I believe, recorded for their far eastern range, and I can find only four other birds mentioned in the past as having been seen within the city limits. Up to the time of writing this note, Dec. 25, | have seen or heard nothing more of these strikingly showy visitors.—R. S. WILLIAMS, Administrator Assistant, New York Botanical Garden. Evening Grosbeak in Pennsylvania On the morning of November 30, 1916, I went for a walk along Stony Creek, carrying with me a quantity of suet to put in the wire cages at several feeding- stations; and, while busy filling one, I heard an entirely new bird-note, and dis- covered in a nearby tree a bird which was a stranger in this locality. Soon two others joined this one, and the three came into a honeysuckle vine within a few feet, and I immediately identified them as female Evening Grosbeaks. They re- mained near me for a half-hour or more, so my identification was positive. They were eating honeysuckle berries, and ber- ries from the poison ivy. The cracking of the seeds could be heard at a distance.— HARRIET E. WALLACE, Norristown, Pa. Pine Grosbeak in Illinois If I am rightly informed, I understand that the Pine Grosbeak has not been recorded in this vicinity. I am therefore delighted to place the female Pine Gros- beak on record. I first saw same this morning of Nov. 20. It fluttered from a tree to my feet, and again very unhurriedly back to the branches. It has since been staying almost con- tinuously in a thicket of vines, amongst which grow an abundance of matrimony- vine berries. The bird feeds with great relish upon these berries, seems very friendly and contented: This bird was verified by Mr. Paul B. Riis, of this city and others.—(Mrs.) RoBert LatHrop, 1231 National Ave., Rockford, Illinois. A Practical Solution of the Sparrow Problem I have been fighting the English Spar- row for several years, for the reason that he has been fighting the other birds which visit our feeding station, driving them off and consuming all of the food. I noticed that the English Sparrow liked the seeds and grains best of all the foods which I put Sut. I also noticed that when there was no grain in the station and there was grain thrown out for the poultry the English Sparrow left the station and went to the chicken-yard, and the other birds had a few minutes to snatch a lunch. So, although I heartily disapprove of him, I am feeding him grain on a bare space of ground about fifty feet away from the feeding station and to my delight the Chickadee, Nuthatch, Juncos, Wood- peckers and Tree Sparrows are left in peace. I put in the station sunflower seeds, suet, bits of apple crumbs, and doughnut scraps, which I make by tossing - crumbs of all kinds into boiling fat and skimming them off as soon as_ they brown. For the English Sparrow I throw oats and cracked corn and, although I do it grudgingly, I see no better way out.— (Mrs.) Evita H. Smitsu, Cornwall, N.Y. Acadian Chickadee at Branchport, N. Y. During the last days of November, 1916, an Acadian Chickadee presented his appearance here in our woodsy village, and I observed him daily until December 22, when he vanished. This is the first time that I have noted the Acadian Chickadee in this section during a period of over twenty-six years’ active bird observation, therefore it is of noteworthy occurrence. It proved to be of a rather independent 44 Bird - Lore disposition, being observed daily all alone in various parts of the town, besides being a regular patron of my suet feeding stool and bird winter-garden on the porch roof. While Chickadees will venture to feed from my hand if offered seeds of sun- flowers, the Acadian could not thus be tempted; in fact, seeds did not appeal to his taste, but he was partial to nut- meats; while suet always lured him close to camera, and I was enabled to secure several photographs. However, one had to be alert in order to get a snap, for the Acadian was very active and seldom lingered at the suet, preferring to break off a crumb and hastily flit to a nearby tree to devour it. The rather plaintive notes of this bird were so different from those of the ordin- ary Chickadee that its presence could be readily distinguished, even if not seen, as it flitted around in the tree tops.—CLArR- ENCE F. STONE, Branchport, N.Y. wen sit = , < - Pato sareantes ML ul ACADIAN CHICKADEE Photographed by C. F. Stone Hook Pews and Kebiews Birp Frrenps. A Complete Bird Book for Americans. By GitBert H. TRAr- TON. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston and New York. 12mo. xviii+330 pages; plates and cuts. To write “a complete bird-book for Americans” in three hundred and odd pages is obviously an ambitious under- taking, and if Mr. Trafton fails to accomp- lish a task which we believe most authors would consider impossible, he at least comes as near success as his space permits. His book, in brief, is a practical dis-. sertation on the bird’s place in nature and its relations with man. He writes of the migrations, songs, nesting habits, colors, and plumage of birds, gives useful sug- gestions on methods of study in the field, including bird-study with a camera, where we regret to see he does not mention the importance of a blind if one would secure not only pictures but intimate observa- tions as well. This more purely ornithological matter occupies the first sixty-two pages of the book. Pages 63 to 173 are devoted to economic ornithology with ‘chapters on the food of birds, their value to man, changes in the numbers of birds, natural enemies of birds, bird enemies introduced by man (in which the cat is arraigned at length), and man as an enemy of birds. Having stated the value of birds and the various destructive agents which are arrayed against them, Mr. Trafton devotes the balance of his book to an account of the various agencies which directly or indirectly are working for bird-protection. He writes in detail of the activities of the National Association of Audubon Societies, the national Government and several representative bird clubs, and gives instructions in regard to erecting bird- houses, feeding-stations, planting, etc. His final chapter on methods of teach- ing bird-study in the schools is one of the most valuable in the book. Mr. Trafton has had wide experience in this field and his outlines of study for the first to eighth grades contain much original and sug- gestive material.—F. M. C. A YEAR WITH THE Brrps. By ALICE E. Batt. With 56 colored plates by Robert Bruce Horsfall. Gibbs & Van Vleck, New York City. 10916. 8vo. IQI pages. This book is an unusual and most attrac- tive combination of ornithology, poetry and art. It treats in verse of the more prominent characteristics of color, form, or song of over fifty common birds ar- ranged according to their season. We have first, therefore, winter birds which in turn are followed by those of spring, summer and autumn. It is believed by the author, and no doubt with truth, that through the me- dium of rhyme and rhythm she can reach the child mind more effectively than if the same information were presented in prose. She exhibits excellent judgment in the selection of her material and no small degree of skill in giving it an attractive literary setting. Her efforts to picture the bird in nature are well seconded by Mr. Horsfall whose drawings depict the sub- jects chosen in their haunts and, at times, notably with the Chickadee and Tree Sparrow, reveal genuine sentiment.— F, M. C. AUDUBON POCKET BIRD COLLECTION. Case No. 1. Permanent Resident and Winter Visitant Land Birds of the northeastern United States (63 figures). Case No. 2. Winter Visitant and Per- manent Resident Land Birds of south- eastern United States (82 figures). Arranged by Frank M. Chapman. Drawn by E. J. Sawyer, for the National Association of Audubon Societies. Price, to cents each. The National Association of Audubon Societies has recently issued two hand- some pocket folders of colored pictures of birds which embody a new idea in bird- study. Each folder represents a museum exhibition case in which the birds are (45) 46 | Bird - Lore arranged in shelves. Without, therefore, appearing to be overcrowded, it has been possible to get the greatest number of birds in the smallest amount of space, and the student can consequently place in his pocket a two-sheet folder on which are figured all the land birds he may usually expect to find between November and March. The figures are small but accurately colored and the fact that all those in the same section of the case are drawn to the same scale makes them of more value in field identification (where size is of the first importance) than illustrations in books where the scale constantly changes. The plan for these novel bird collec- tions, which originated with Dr. Chapman and is based on his seasonal exhibits of local birds in the American Museum, has been admirably carried out by Mr. Sawyer. These folders will be of great assistance to teachers, and form a part of the equip- ment given this year to every member of a Junior Audubon Class. Others may obtain them for to cents each by addressing the office of the National Association at 1974 Broadway, New York City. A reduction on quantities for the use of Audubon Societies, bird clubs and other organizations is made.—T. G. P. The Ornithological Magazines THE Conpor.—The November num- ber of ‘The Condor,’ containing five general articles, completes Volume XVIII. The first paper entitled ‘Some Results of a Winter’s Observations in Arizona,’ by A. B. Howell, is based on field-work in 1915-16, on Rillito Creek, near Tucson. This locality is classic ground ornithologically but most of the previous work in the region has been done in summer. The more important notes include the finding of two Audubon’s Caracaras—the first reported from the state for ten years, the determination of the form of Junco occurring in winter, the absence of the Sage Sparrow and the Rufous-winged Sparrow, and the first record of the occur- rence of the Swamp Sparrow in Arizona. In the third and concluding part of ‘Meeting Spring Half Way,’ Mrs. Bailey gives an account of the birds found about Brownsville, Texas, and on the trip back to Corpus Christi, Texas, and the changes noted in the bird-life and vegetation due to migration and the advance of spring during an absence of two weeks. Pemberton contributes a brief article, with two illustrations, on the ‘Nesting of the Le Conte Thrasher,’ between Cabegon and Whitewater, in Riverside County, Calif., in 1916; and Quillin and Holleman a note on the finding of five nests of the San Domingo Grebe in Bexar County about ten miles south of San Antonio, Texas. ‘More Summer Birds for San Francisco County,’ by Ray, is a supplement to a paper on the same subject which appeared in ‘The Condor’ in 1906. The number of species has now been increased from 44 to too, mainly as a result of observations in the southeastern part of the county in the’ Merced Lakes region. Among the brief notes Pemberton calls attention to ‘Grammatical Errors in Ver- nacular Names’ in the cases of the Screech Owl and Song Sparrow. Through long usage these names are generally accepted but if formed on the usual models found in Warbling Vireo and Mourning Warbler “the more prevalent practice should have dictated that these names be Screeching Owl and Singing Sparrow.”—T. S. P. A Winter Feeding Poster TuHeE Biological Survey has issued an attractive and valuable poster well de- signed not only to attain the immediate end in view of feeding birds in winter, but also to arouse widespread interest in bird-life. It is illustrated with drawings and photographs showing methods and results of feeding birds in winter, and these are accompanied by instructions which will enable anyone to establish feeding sta- tions. Copies of this poster and addi- tional information in regard to winter feeding may be obtained from the Bio- logical Survey, Washington, D. C. Editorial 47 Asird-Lore A Bi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Study and Protection of Birds OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE AUDUBON SOCIETIES Edited by FRANK M. CHAPMAN Contributing Editor, MABELOSGOOD WRIGHT Published by D. APPLETON & CO. Vol. XIX Published February 1,1917 No. 1 SUBSCRIPTION RATES Price in the United States, one dollar a year; outside the United States, one dollar and twenty-five cents, postage paid. COPYRIGHTED, 1917, BY FRANK M. CHAPMAN Bird-Lore’s Motto: A Bird in the Bush Is Worth Two in the Hand Major ALtran Brooks’ observations on birds in the war zone, which we are privileged to publish in this issue of Brrp-Lore, have as much human as ornithological interest. While he arouses our fears for the safety of the Sandpiper whose search for food is constantly inter- rupted by the explosion of shells, we are far more concerned for the safety of the observer who, inadequately protected by sandbags, is evidently giving his atten- tion to the bird rather than to their com- mon source of danger. When we realize what an irreparable loss to ornithology might be inflicted by a mere fragment from one of these shells, we are sure that every admirer of Major Brooks’ paintings of birds (and that, we know, includes all who have seen them) will be relieved to hear that after serv- ing a long period on the firing-line he is now engaged in teaching others the use of the rifle. It is a suggestive comment on war valuations that he owes his present comparative immunity from danger to his skill as a marksman rather than to his rare gifts as an artist. EVENING GROSBEAKS have again re- turned to us, and bid fair to become regular winter visitants to the northeastern states, while the ‘Acadian’ Chickadee has been reported from localities south of those it has heretofore been known to visit. Up to this time (January 15) the winter has been far from severe and we cannot account for the presence of these and other boreal birds through prevailing climatic conditions. What then has induced them to extend their winter wanderings to such compara- tively low latitudes? The answer to this question is surely not to be based only on observations made in the region to which the birds travel, but rather upon studies made in the country which they have left. Failure of the normal food-supply. in the area where the bird commonly winters is probably the prime cause which induces birds to extend the limits of their winter range, and the presence of food in the territory invaded is a secondary factor in their occurrence there. The number of ‘records’ of the Evening Grosbeak and Acadian Chickadee, for example, which have been made during recent years, sometimes prompts the question whether this is not a matter of increase in the numbers of ornitholo- gists rather than in the numbers of birds. It goes without saying that the number of observations made increases automati- cally with the number of observers, and beyond question more purely accidental visitants are reported nowadays than were seen when field students were less num- erous. But it does not seem probable that during the last forty years, at least, such widespread incursions as those made by the two birds mentioned could have taken place unnoticed. In this issue of Brrp-Lore, for example, Mr. C. F. Stone records the first Acadian Chickadee ob- served by him at Branchport, New York, during a period of twenty-six years’ con- tinuous observation, and we could cite a number of similar cases. WE strongly condemn the proposal to organize Boy Scouts, or any other groups of boys, into bands for the destruction of English Sparrows. Such a plan has ab- solutely nothing to commend it. If it becomes necessary to reduce the numbers of Sparrows the work should be entrusted to trained and authorized agents of the state who could do it humanely and with a due regard to the safety of other birds. Che Audubon Societies SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Edited by ALICE HALL WALTER Address all communications relative to the work of this depart- ment to the Editor, 67 Oriole Avenue, Providence, R. I. ONE WAY TO-BEGIN THE NEW YEAR , \HERE is a simple but very effective and much needed method of work which every State Audubon Society would do well to adopt. It consists in making the aims, resources and headquarters of each State Society known to every school, public library and all organized institutions to which such information might be of use, throughout the state. A correspondent writes to the point, in describing the work of a high-school boy who is deeply interested in bird- and nature-study. “I happened to be at the Y. M. C. A. one day, when this boy came in and asked for some nature- study literature. I think it was a most unusual request, for the gentleman at the desk looked very much surprised. He passed over The Country Gentleman, which constituted the Y. M. C. A.’s nature library.” From another correspondent, who lives in the state of New York comes an inquiry as to whether there is an Audubon Society in the state, and if so, what it could do to help a teacher in a rural school. Communications of this kind suggest that our Audubon Societies need to establish a working connection with every village, town and city in their respective states, if they are to fulfil the object for which they were founded. It is not enough to offer a few public lectures each year, to have a succession of field-trips, or to send out traveling- libraries and demonstration material for use in schools. There ought to be and must be a live relation between the Society and each possible codperator, if nature-study and the conservation of natural resources are to be successfully undertaken and carried to the desired end. When a teacher writes: “I have never found any material so interesting and educational as that you offer. The children love it, and have made a remarkable growth in their love for wild things. Their water-color bird outlines are by far their best efforts in manual work”’ it is a noteworthy indication of the possibilities of the influence which Audubon work rightly directed may have in the education of the public. Again and again, comes a message of appreciation of the educational leaflets, of Brrp-Lore and Brrp-Lore’s School Department, and of the value of nature- study. The opportunity, so long and earnestly striven for, of creating an “open door” in our schools is here. We need now more effort in the direction of making that door known and used, by keeping it wide open, and by extending a greeting to those who might enter if they knew the way. Each State Society (48) The Audubon Societies 49 might well have a Publicity Committee, or, if you will, an “Orientation Com- mittee,’’ whose duty it should be to more thoroughly present the work of the Audubon Society to all whom it may concern. The postage used in such a campaign would be well spent, we may be assured.—A. H. W. NOTE Teachers and organizers of Junior Audubon Societies will receive instruc- tions and material much more quickly, if they apply directly to the headquarters of The National Association of Audubon Societies. All that is necessary in making application to form such societies is to collect a fee of ten cents from each person desiring to become a member, and to forward the total amount, with a request for material, to Mr. T. Gilbert Pearson, 1974 Broadway, New York, NY, JUNIOR AUDUBON WORK For Teachers and Pupils Exercise XXXI: Correlated with Geography, History and Story-Telling Weare not through with the subject of bird-music, but, during these coldest of months, it may not come amiss to take up a little studied matter which fits in well with the stories we love to hear around the fire of an evening, and the games we enjoy indoors while snow falls fast or wild winter winds blow. It isa matter which reminds one of pioneer days, tales one has read or has had the good fortune to hear from the lips of grandfather or grandmother, who repeated them as they had heard them from an older generation. In 1905, there was issued from the Government Printing Office at Wash- ington the second edition of a bulletin entitled: The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. This bulletin, which is marked No. 258 in Series F, Geography, 45, was prepared by Mr. Henry Gannett for the United States Geological Survey, under the Department of the Interior. It represents an enormous amount of study and correspondence, and places at our disposal in brief form a delightful and suggestive amount of information not otherwise available in a single volume. Did you ever stop to think, when you are studying the lesson for the day in geography, how many kinds of place names may be found on the map of our country? Take a random list, such as this, Chester, Fort Monroe, Halsey- ville, Isle au Chene, Kotzebue, North Hero, Oconomowoc, Ohio, Toronto, Wilkes Barre, Ypsilanti, Zaralla. Indian, Spanish and Aztec names run side by side down the pages of your geography with ones of English, Greek, Mexican, French and Dutch origin. Each one contains a precious bit of association with some man, nation, place, natural object, historical event or custom which at 5° Bird - Lore one time seemed of great significance to the early settlers or their dusky predecessors. The far away home of early emigrant ancestors is cherished and handed on to future generations, in the name Chester; a President is honored and a military school distinguished, in Fort Monroe, and a first settler’s successful conquest of virgin soil, in Halseyville; Isle au Chene, one- of the Apostle Islands in Lake Superior, pictures the impression of French pioneers when they first saw this ‘island of the oak,’ while Kotzebue is the name of a Rus- oe FORTY FORT JUNIOR AUDUBON SOCIETY, KINGSTON, PA. Fifty of the eighty-five members of the class are shown in this photograph sian navigator who, early in the nineteenth century, commanded expeditions the object of which was to explore the Pacific Ocean. North Hero is one of two islands known as “Two Heroes,’ which was granted to Ethan Allen, “the intention being that they should be owned only by brave men warmly disposed toward the Revolution.”’ What a thrill comes to us as this sign of loyalty toward an ideal of liberty flashes out its significance anew to us from the printed page! Oconomowoc is the Indian way of saying ‘home of the beaver.’ A modern city rises to-day upon the site of this old beaver stronghold. What the strug- gle between civilization and nature, between man and beast, may have been is well pictured in one of Enos Mill’s graphic essays. Ohio, a more familiar word, taken from the Iroquois Indians’ dialect, means ‘beautiful river.’ The Audubon Societies 51 In Toronto we have a picture-word, again from the Indian tongue, meaning ‘oak tree rising from the lake.’ Wilkes Barre, Ypsilanti and Zaralla each refers to sympathizers with Ameri- can independence at different times and in different ways, representing British, Greek and Mexican men of deep conviction and great courage. Especially interesting to us are place names of Indian origin, for the reason that so many of them are connected with objects in nature. The Indian, being a hunter and a wanderer in a primeval wilderness, was of necessity a keen observer, so far as the necessities of his simple existence were concerned. Although not a student of nature, in the sense of learning for the sake of knowl- edge, he acquired by daily experience much information about the habits and appearance of many plants, animals, birds and other natural objects. Being fond of bright colors, as well as attentive to all strange or unusual sounds, the Indian quite naturally was attracted by the brilliant plumage and musical notes of birds, and named these familiar creatures according to his mode of living, his superstitions, or his first impressions of their appearance and actions. In the Milicete Indian word, ‘Zezos,’ we find an unexpectedly beautiful interpretation of the. Chickadee’s ‘pe-wee’ song. To the childlike mind of the Milicete, whose home is in the valley of the St. John River, the leader of a flock of Chickadees sings ‘Tezos,’ that is,; ‘Jesus,’ to its mates. In this single word is contained a picture of the simple faith of the Indian, con- verted to Christianity by some devoted French priest. The peculiar motions of the Nuthatch attracted the red man, who named this familiar bird Tci’-di-wa’-ti-wemp’-tos, that is, ‘bird that goes slowly downa tree-trunk.’ To the male and female Robin, as well as to their nest and eggs, were given separate names, each signifying some noticeable characteristic. If you can pronounce the Indian word for Whip-poor-will, ‘Hwip’-o-lis,’ you will have a close imitation of the notes of this nocturnal singer. A-bak’-wi-ses’, or ‘Bird-that-butts-its-head’ is no other than the Downy Woodpecker, while Gas’-kum-un-is, the Kingfisher, is especially interesting, since it refers to a sudden or unexpected dropping beyond one’s depth when wading in water, and, as used to describe the Kingfisher, means its manner of plunging for prey. But to return to place names, let us study a few more words of Indian derivation, which will be only an introduction to the pleasures in store for those who take the matter up further. Chicago—Ojibwa Indian form she-kag ong =‘wild onion place.’ Chicacomico—Indian form = ‘place where turkeys are plenty.’ Acabonack—Indian form=‘root place,’ where the Indians found roots for medicinal uses. Adirondacks—(Mohawk) Iroquois form =‘bark eaters.’ Ahiki—Indian form = ‘sweet potato mother.’ Ambajeejus—Indian form referring ‘to two large, round rocks, one on top of the other.’ Amicalola—Cherokee Indian form = ‘tumbling’ or ‘rolling water.’ 52 Bird - Lore Androscoggin—Amasagunticook form = ‘fishing place for ale wives,’ or ‘fish spearing.’ Antigo—Indian form = ‘evergreen.’ Apopka—Indian form = ‘catfish eating creek.’ Aptakisic—Indian form =‘half day’ or ‘sun at meridian.’ Aquaschicola—Indian form =‘where we fish with the bush net.’ Arcata—Indian form =‘sunny spot.’ Aswaguscawadic—Indian form=‘place where one is compelled to drag his canoe through a stream.’ Attapulgus—Indian form =‘boring holes into wood to make a fire.’ Attitah—Indian form = ‘blueberries.’ Aztec—name of a native Mexican tribe=‘place of the Heron,’ ‘shallow land where vapors arise,’ ‘land of the flamingoes.’ From these few examples, it is easy to see how the Indian marked the places to which it was useful for him to be able to find his way, or, which appealed to his sense of beauty, or served as a landmark through newly trodden ways. Many of these names will be unfamiliar to you, but they will all be found on the map of the United States. It would make an interesting evening’s game to look up the locality of each place in a large atlas. The list of words might be indefinitely prolonged, if there were space. It remains for you to find a deeper meaning in your study of geography than merely learning to locate places on maps. Would it not be easier to remember, for example, that Menominee is a city in Wisconsin, and also, in Michigan, if you knew that this queer Indian word refers to the wild rice which once grew abundantly about those places? Wild rice, in turn, suggests wild birds which prefer that food and, by this clew, one might discover something of the abun- dance of such species in earlier times. Summing up this rather novel method of study, we may find it of value in three ways: first, to stimulate interest in routine study; second, to aid the memory through the association of different ideas; and third, to awaken the mind to the wealth of knowledge hidden in words, which is free to all who have the will and the wit to claim it as their own. This New Year, let us make the hours in school count for more, by getting the most we can out of what we have to learn.—A. H. W. FOR AND FROM ADULT AND YOUNG OBSERVERS ‘John Thoreau, Jr. (Henry Thoreau’s eldest brother), one day put a Bluebird’s box on my barn,—fifteen years ago, it must be,—and there it still is, with every summer a melodious family in it, adorning the place and singing his praises. There’s a gift for you which cost the giver no money, but nothing which he bought could have been so good.”’ Excerpt from Emerson’s Diary. Norte: ‘‘The Bluebird box has lasted until destroyed by a spring gale of the present year’ (1915). The Audubon Societies 53 FROM A STARCH-BOX TO A TWENTY-SIX ROOM MARTIN-HOUSE Some years ago, I began to see bird-houses in different gardens near my home, and became interested in them. I was twelve years old at the time. Tools had been given me by relatives, but I never had any real use for them. The interest in bird-houses started my tools on their proper journey in life. My first efforts began with starch-box foundations, and Wrens and Blue- birds are not skeptical about such architecture. From the way Jenny Wren perks about, some of the starch of original abodes of this kind seems to have entered into her makeup. Immediately Wrens and Bluebirds took advantage of the new dwellings. I was still on the step-ladder, having just placed a house, when a vivid Bluebird, the first one of the season, perched on the new roof. It was a magic incident. He came from the sky like a blue arrow and was as quickly gone. Later he came with his mate to delight our household. - After reading my first bird- books, specific needs impressed themselves upon me very quickly. As with all things we love, noth- ing is too good, so an investment in clean, smooth lumber was made. The size of the various doors began to mean something. Ventilation was a consideration, and placing the houses with regard to wind and rain. The neighbors were touched by the new interest, and a kind neighbor made helpful suggestions. The third year, ambition and ever-growing interest reached ‘from pole to pole,’ and alighted on Martin- houses. Some six-room houses of unique design were built, but placed too near the dwelling for occupancy. Martins came to the garden all through the season, fluttering on the houses and expressing most earnest regret that their needs could not be met. The joy ahead this year is that twenty-six rooms of solid comfort await boarders this spring, the distance of the Martin-pole away from the house being scientifically correct. 54 Bird- Lore Next to the passing fire-department, nothing occasions quite the stir that the shrill cries and wheeling about of several Martins hunting for an abode do. The whole family rush for the windows, and send up all kinds of silent petitions to the flying birds to ‘remain and try us.’ In the fall and winter, I have made some bird-feeders and shelters. Juncos and Chickadees have come and certainly brought their friends. An automatic feeder is kept extremely active in the front parkway of my home. From the way people handle and study it, kind hospitality is on the way for other birds. Now I have a formula of various seeds suitable for all winter birds, and these efficient garden friends are being properly attracted. I have tried both cypress and white pine for making bird-houses, and find the latter the most practical and easy to work with. All my houses are built in such a way that they can be readily cleaned. Either the bottom, side or front is removable. Any boy who is looking for the most interesting pastime and study had better ‘follow the leader’ Brrp-Lorre. Nothing can touch it for wide-awake surprises and benefit.—Conroy Evans, Evanston, Ill. [The accompanying illustration is the best commentary on this article. Dog and boy are equally alert, and the Martin-house pictured shows the thought and careful workmanship bestowed upon it—A.H.W.] WHAT I AM DOING FOR BIRDS This winter when the birds could not get much to eat, I put some suet on the tree near our house, and I had fun watching the birds eating it. When it got warmer, I made a bird-house for the Wrens and put it out. I am hoping they will like it. And I have noticed that the birds have come to our apple trees, and at first we thought they were eating the frozen apples that are on the trees; but I found out that they just wanted the seeds to eat——ALLEN DuKE (age 11), Mt. Vernon, Iowa. WINTER PENSIONERS Every winter during November I put out feeding-stations. Heretofore the Slate-colored Juncos have never stayed at my feeding-stations after the latter part of December, but this winter they are still here in January, there being at least three of them. As far as I can ascertain no one else in Ithaca has any Slate-colored Juncos coming to their feeding-stations. Thinking this may interest the readers of Brirp-Lore, I am sending it in—Donatp T. Ries, Jihaca, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1916. [Who will keep a record this season of feeding-stations and their visitors?—A. H. W.| The Audubon Societies 55 THE WHITE-BREASTED NUTHATCH AND THE FOOD-COUNTER The White-breasted Nuthatch is the most appreciative little guest that visits the food-counter in winter. ‘He eats what is set before him and asks no questions.’ He makes no complaints whatever. Fat pork and suet are his favorite foods, but of course when he cannot get them, he is perfectly contented with bread-crumbs. He comes at the slightest ring of the dinner-bell. The White-breasted Nuthatches are my most numerous guests at my ‘free lunch-room.’ When they come for food, they remind me of a brook eternally flowing. Frequently three to five may be seen bouncing down the tree-trunk to the counter. One of my guests, however, is rather greedy. He scurries down the tree to the counter flippantly, as if he owned it all. He then pops in and takes his meal. While eating, he has an expression on his tiny face that makes him look like a naughty boy. I expect he knows he should not take so long, but just simply wants to be bad. Others respect their friends and hurry away as soon as they find a piece that suits them. They go away so quickly you would think someone was nearby to shoot them. Maybe, and I shouldn’t wonder, if that wasn’t bird politeness. Frequently I have seen five going to the counter at once. It is great fun to watch them feed. These bright little sprites are a joy to the whole household. We consider them as part of the family. I know we will miss them when they go on their journey northward, but hope to see them next winter.—Sarau W. WEAVER (age 12), Monkton, Md., 1916. [Birds’ politeness is hardly a suitable phrase, since it conveys a human conception of meeting and greeting. Some birds go so far as to quarrel at the lunch-counter, striv- ing to get the best or the most of the bill-of-fare. The pleasure to be had watching feathered guests at a lunch-counter cannot be over estimated.—A. H. W.] BIRD-STUDY BRINGS ITS OWN REWARD I wrote you concerning a club of women, two of whom have studied birds for years. We have had such a delightful Nature Club for two years! Birds are our particular study. Several of us take Birp-LoreE and we have it in our public library. Last year I had a very enthusiastic seventh grade of forty pupils.. We have our Audubon Leaflets and use them for our Friday reading lesson. I steal time when the drawing teacher cannot manage and have several of the pic- tures painted, then we have an exhibition of our work and vote on the best work. As we were members of the Audubon Society, the Liberty Bell as a grade, and three of us belonged to the Burroughs Club, we decided to have a name of our own, and chose ‘Ch’gee gee,’ Indian for Chickadee. Our banner 56 Bird - Lore is orange with black letters, and the two banners, Liberty Bell and Ch’gee gee, decorate our school-room. The seventh and eighth grades of our school have morning exercises together. The Principal gives me fifteen minutes each Mon- day morning, when we have observation for the week and I take up some new work. Of course it is a short period, but it is gratifying to see what has been accomplished. Many of the children own bird-books. We have ‘Bird Neigh- bors’ and ‘Bird Life’ on our shelves for reference, also ‘Birds that Every Child Should Know.” I have taught here two years and feel that two large grades have been well started in bird-study. We have no manual training class, but many of the boys have made nest- and feeding-boxes. Our ladies’ club has started a sanctuary at the cemetery. It is a beautiful spot for such work and we have the cordial support of the gentlemen most interested in the cemetery work. I am hoping that this coming year in school will be as bays in bird-study as the past two years have been. We shall be particularly interested in the School Department of Brrp-LoreE.—Mrs. Deiia B. HemMstREEtT, Canton, New York. A METHOD OF BIRD-STUDY In the spring of 1913 I, who knew perhaps ten birds by sight, became suddenly interested in nature-study. Since then every possible spare moment has been devoted to an exact study of our feathered friends. As a teacher, I realized how ignorant the children of large towns and even of the country were in regard to nature. I resolved that wherever I taught the children should learn to appreciate the great out-of-doors. The last two years have brought much enthusiasm, especially last spring. As everyone knows, not many birds frequent northern Maine during the cold sea- son. The few residents such as Chickadees, Woodpeckers, Snow Buntings, Redpolls and those rarer visitors, the Pine Grosbeaks, Horned Larks and the White-winged Crossbills were eagerly watched for daily. There were no feeding-stations, for interest had only begun. However, short five-minute talks were given every morning. While the snow was yet deep upon the ground, I prepared for the spring campaign. I presented each pupil with a drawing of a bird with each part outlined and numbered. The corresponding names were listed at one side of the paper. In a very few days the correct spelling, pronunciation and meaning of these names were learned in the spelling recitations. Next I had the pupils locate and name these parts on several specimens in view of the whole school. Several stuffed birds were obtained from the Aroostook State Normal School collection at Presque Isle, Maine. Thus, the children knew how to designate each marking on birds observed. Then a small club, the Madawaska Model School Toator Audubon Class, was formed. There should be a very large class this year, while I am far away studying birds of the sunny South. In March, rors, the pins, bird pictures, literature, etc., were received at Fort Kent. A bird corner was next instituted. Several colored bird pictures were hung above the two slates, on which was written a Bird-Study Outline. This outline was copied by each pupil, and was used in the study of every bird reported. To this corner were added two nests, one a Robin’s, the other a Crow’s, also three mounted specimens, a Pileated Woodpecker, a Hairy Woodpecker, and a Paroquet. The three The Audubon Societies 57 last were kindly loaned by friends of the school. Each bird observed had its name listed immediately. The Bird Calendar, which was a large sheet of bristol-board, hung at one side of the corner and was lined and marked as follows: BIRD CALENDAR 1915 ; ‘8 | No. Bird First observer Date No. Bird | First observer Date | I Redpoll Nora Dow Jan. 18 40 2 Horned Lark | Essie Babin Jan. 20 41 | The list of birds seen during the spring numbered over eighty. In addition to this calendar, each pupil kept an individual notebook where the number, name, date and place were all recorded. As there were only two pairs of field-glasses available, most of the birds were studied with the naked eye. The bird book was not passed around for inspection, for fear that the children would become familiar with the picture instead of observing the actual bird. Thus the children learned to listen attentively, to observe quickly, and to specify exactly. After a bird had been reported and well described, the colored picture of it was shown to the whole school. Daily, a few minutes early in the morning, all the late arrivals were discussed. The children were greatly helped in this study by the favorable location of the school grounds, which extend down to the bank of the Fish River. Along two sides of the yard are low bushes, while a number of poplar trees with much underbrush fringe the bank. Many a time, play was forgotten while the eager students watched the Belted Kingfisher diving for his prey. The children, arriving early to report some ‘perfectly wonderful’ bird just seen, were greeted by the last refrains of the morning chorus of the Sparrows, Chipping, Vesper, White-throated and Savannah. Everywhere the Pine Siskins frolicked. The near-by marshes were flooded with music by the Rose-breasted Grosbeak, the Purple Finches and the Pine Grosbeaks. One evening, directly after the close of school, several of us were lured down to the bank of the St. John River by the wildest carols. We were well rewarded, for we watched for some time nine Pine Gros- beaks flashing from one branch to another on an old dead tree. Enthusiasm reached its highest during the latter part of May and the first of June. For nearly a month the weather had been very mild but it suddenly became very cold on May 23. During the night heavy winds blew up a freezing rain-storm, which con- tinued until the afternoon of May 28. By reason of the rain or the intense cold, or both, the school grounds were invaded by a multitude of chilled and perhaps starving birds. Field-glasses were unnecessary, because the birds would come to the steps and pick up crumbs. Some of the species seen were Robins, American Redstarts, and other Warblers galore, Wilson’s, Blackburnian, Parula, Chestnut-sided, Black-throated Blue, Yellow, and Cape May. In fact the plowed land to the east was dotted with Myrtle, Magnolia, and Cape May Warblers. The latter are supposed to be very rare in Maine. The Mag- nolia Warblers seemed to be bluish gray in color. One noon, as the children were scat- tering crumbs by the back steps, they received an informal call of some ten minutes in 58 Bird- Lore length from a Lazuli Bunting. How he happened there was a mystery! Perhaps half an hour later, there nearly alighted on the heads of the much excited observers a Parula Warbler. Many dead bodies were found and brought to school. Some had been frozen, some had been killed by beating against houses or trains, while others had been captured by the ever watchful cat. Among the number were three Blackburnian Warblers, one Tree Swallow, one Oven-bird, one Mourning Warbler, one Black-throated Blue, and one Chestnut-sided Warbler. There were several other specimens also which were sent with those named, to be mounted. As the birds were so chilled, many of them were captured by the children. One little Assyrian boy on his way to lunch returned before he had gone home in order to bring a Black-throated Blue Warbler. Another teacher tried to take a snapshot of the little prisoner but he escaped. A Wilson’s Thrush, early one morning, was placed in an open window from which he chose to watch the school for over half an hour. What pleased the boys was a baby Grackle which had been blown from its nest to the side- walk by the heavy gales. It was placed in a wooden quart measure. Every lad had his turn at digging worms to satisfy the enormous appetite of the little creature. The unceasing cries were tiresome, but they helped to increase interest. What matter, then, if the regular routine for the day was disturbed? Not only birds on the wing but nests, eggs and young were studied. As soon as the weather became fair the ranks began to thin. No more did the Parula and Mourning Warblers or the Lazuli Bunting appear to view. However several pairs of birds sought suitable homes for themselves in our vicinity. The children discovered and reported two nests, which contained eggs, in an adjacent field. Of course the names of the owners were learned only after careful stalking. The time required for incubation was never known. However the eager students easily ascertained that the little birds spent approxi- mately eight days in the nests. But a short distance away a large colony of Bank Swal- lows hollowed out nearly two hundred cavities in the soft, sandy river bank. Five minutes’ walk from the school building brought to view the old dead tree where the patient mother Flicker abode. At first both parents used to fly away when any one approached but, becoming accustomed to visitors, they in turn surveyed the well mean- ing intruders. A day or two before the close of school a Chipping Sparrow laid five beautiful eggs in a soft nest, hidden in a little evergreen tree. However, the friendly Robins preferred the quiet of the old cemetery for establishing a residence district. As for the actual results gained, I can only hope that my daily talks with my children and with the student-teachers who visited our room will extend the interest in birds to all the schools in that section of the Pine Tree State. Just recently one of my former pupils stated in a letter that the business men of Fort Kent were having such signs as ‘Feed the Birds’ posted in their shop windows. The teachers are already planning campaigns there for this spring.—(Miss) Carrre Cooper, Arcadia, Georgia. AROOSTOOK STATE NORMAL SCHOOL BIRD-STUDY OUTLINE Date: 19—. Name of Observer: W eather: Temperature: Wind: Locality: Time of Starting: : Time of Return: Observe accurately and record on the spot as much as you can of the following: Size. Use some well-known bird as a standard for comparison and reduce to inches later. Color, general; The Audubon Societies 59 Number and color of wing-bars; Stripes on head and how placed; White outer tail-feathers; Under tail-coverts, if different from belly; Color of rump, if different from rest of bird; Color of sides, if brightly colored; Any odd ornaments or patches of color. Shape of Body, slender or bulky. Tail, long, short, square, rounded, forked. Wings, round, pointed, long or short—judged by distance measured off on tail while sitting. Shape of Bill, draw outline. Habits, ways of moving, walking, hopping, flying; Perch preferred, trunk, limb, dead twig, tree top, etc.; Manner of sitting; Manner of flying, direct, undulating, heavy, flapping, etc.; Disposition, restless, quiet, stupid, sly, tame, suspicious. Food, how procured? Song, describe as nearly as possible, as chirps, trill, twitter, melody, scream, hoot, etc. Nest, where placed; how placed; Material used; Did both birds work on nest? Eggs, number. Sexes, are both colored alike, if not, state marks of each. Color and markings. Number, abundant, common or scarce. Migration. Economic Value. Extra Notes. Name of Bird. [Fort Kent is about as far north as one can go in Maine without crossing the line into New Brunswick. The wealth of bird-life there is apparent from the extensive list of migrants and winter visitors mentioned. It would be well, however, to feel much doubt about seeing a Lazuli Bunting in Maine. An escaped Painted Bunting was once reported in the state, but it was identified as a cage-bird. Possibly a chance Blue-gray Gnatcatcher was seen, or in the excitement of the spring migration, the Indigo Bunting was wrongly called the Lazuli. Aside from this, the account is unusually full of interest and helpful suggestions.—A. H. W.] THE ENGLISH SPARROW By T. GILBERT PEARSON Che Pational Association of Audubon Societies EDUCATIONAL LEAFLET NO. 90 Many kinds of foreign birds have been introduced into the United States with the hope of having them become acclimated to their new surroundings. In many cases this action was taken by persons who doubtless were actuated by the desire to have around them certain forms of bird-life that they had been accustomed to see and enjoy about their European homes before migrating to these shores. Linnets, Bullfinches, Skylarks, and many other birds, interesting on account either of their singing, or of the striking character of their plumage, have been liberated in the United States and Canada. Game-birds, especially Hungarian Partridges, the little European Quail, and various species of Pheasants go to swell the list of foreign birds that have been brought here to mingle with our native bird-population. As a rule these imported species did not thrive in their new surroundings, and after a short time were seen no more. The most striking exception to this rule has been the House Sparrow of Europe, which in this country has acquired the incorrect title of “English” Sparrow. The first importation of these birds appears to have been made in the year of 1850, by the directors of the Brooklyn Institute. Eight pairs were that year liberated in Brooklyn, New York. Ina bulletin on the English Spar- row, issued by the Department of Agriculture in 1889, a statement by the Hon. Nicholas Pike is quoted, in which he gives an account of this early attempt to naturalize English Sparrows in this country. He writes: “Tt was not till 1850 that the first eight pairs were brought from England to the Brooklyn Institute, of which I was then a director. We built a large cage for them, and cared for them during the winter months. Early in the spring of 1851 they were liberated, but they did not thrive. “In 1852 a committee of members of the Institute was chosen for the re-in- troduction of these birds, of which I was chairman. Over $200 was subscribed for expenses. I went to England in 1852, on my way to the consul-generalship of Portugal. On my arrival in Liverpool I gave the order for a large lot of Sparrows and song-birds to be purchased at once. They were shipped on board the steamship ‘Europa,’ if I am not mistaken, in charge of an officer of the ship. Fifty Sparrows were let loose at the Narrows, according to instructions, and the rest on arrival were placed in the tower of Greenwood Cemetery chapel. They did not do well, so were removed to the house of Mr. John Hooper, one of the committee, who offered to take care of them during the winter. (60) ENGLISH SPARROW Order—PassgerRES Family—FRINGILLIDA Genus—PAssER Species—DOMESTICUS National Association of Audubon Societies Me mn oe x wre The English Sparrow 61 “Tn the spring of 1853 they were all let loose in the grounds of Greenwood Cemetery, and a man hired to watch them. They did well and multiplied, and I have original notes taken from time to time of their increase and colonization over our great country.” This appears to have been only the first of many importations that fol- lowed. For example, Colonel William Rhodes, of Quebec, Canada, introduced Sparrows at Portland, Maine, in 1854. Other men brought some to Peace Dale, Rhode Island, in 1858. In 1860 twelve birds were liberated in Madison Square, New York City; and four years later they were introduced into Central Park. In 1866 200 were set free in Union Park, New York City. Forty pairs were brought to New Haven, Connecticut in 1867. Twenty Sparrows were turned loose in Boston Common in 1868. In 1869 the City Government of Philadel- phia bought over one thousand Sparrows. In the same year twenty pairs were brought to Cleveland, Ohio, and sixty-six pairs were taken from New York to Cincinnati. Shortly after this they were introduced in San Francisco. It will be seen therefore from the above records, which are not at all com- plete, that the present population of English Sparrows did not develop in this country from a single importation, as has sometimes been stated. Their appearance seems to have been hailed with delight by the people of the country generally, for many records tend to show that after they once became fairly well established in the East, there sprang up a regular Sparrow craze, for the birds were captured and taken to scores, if not hundreds, of places in different parts of the country. Not only were they distributed artificially, but the birds also spread rapidly by their own initiative. Their progress was made chiefly along the highways, where the droppings of horses furnished an abundant supply of half-digested grain, and along the railroads where the grain-cars, particularly in autumn, were continually scattering food along the right-of-way. At the present time there are comparatively few communities in the United States or in southern Canada where the English Sparrow is not well known, and probably it is the most numerous species of bird in North America. It is chiefly a bird of the cities and towns, and is usually not found in abundance in the thinly populated parts of the country. In the autumn, however, when the Sparrows are most numerous, owing to the recently reared broods, and in cities where the Sparrow population is already at its maximum, many of these birds are naturally forced out of the cities and towns in quest of food. In no way does the English Sparrow show its fondness for living near human habitations more than in its nesting-habits. Unlike other Sparrows, it rarely, if ever, constructs its nest in woods, thickets, or fields at any considerable dis- tance from a house. During the breeding-season the birds swarm in the towns and cities and there, in crevices about buildings, in water-spouts, or in boxes put up for the convenience of other birds, it makes its home. The hollows of trees are frequently used for this purpose. When such nesting-sites are no 62 Bird - Lore longer available, owing to overcrowding, they will build bulky, covered, and ill-looking nests among the branches of shade trees. The nesting material used consists of straw, grass, twigs, rags, fragments of paper, or feathers; in fact, almost any substance that may easily be carried seems to be regarded by these birds as suitable material for nest-making. The eggs are spotted, and usually range in number from four to six. Two or more broods are often reared in a season. The Sparrow is extremely pro- lific, and one evidence of its wonderful ability to avoid dangers and thrive is shown in the fact that in large cities, where destructive natural enemies are reduced to a minimum, albinism has become more and more noticeable. I have observed here in New York City in recent years that the number of Spar- rows showing white feathers in the wings or on the body has apparently increased. If these unusually marked birds lived in the country they would, of course, be shining marks for predatory enemies. While primarily a seed-eater by nature, the English Sparrow is neverthe- less quite omnivorous in its food-habits, and it annually destroys many insects. I recall some years ago talking with two farmers in Onslow County, North Carolina, who were lamenting the fact that the law did not protect the English Sparrow, for they stated that these birds were among the most valuable species on their farms because of their great fondness for the caterpillars that infested their tobacco plants. An observer in the United States Department of Agriculture recently found that in Utah these Sparrows were feeding their young largely on the cut- worms and other insects that were then a scourge to the alfalfa fields of north- ern Utah. Other observers in various parts of the country have pointed to instances where the English Sparrow was of decided economic value. These cases, however, appear to be comparatively isolated ones, and are regarded by our agricultural experts in Washington as being greatly overbalanced by the injury these birds do to the general interests of mankind. Most persons who have tried to cultivate gardens or small fruits in the neighborhood of towns or cities are ready to testify to the annoyance they have experienced by English Sparrows eating tender plants, such as new peas and young lettuce, as well as by the destruction of such fruits as cherries, pears, grapes, and peaches. They also frequently destroy buds and flowers. The United States Department of Agriculture scientifically investigated the contents of the stomachs of a large number of English Sparrows, and reported that aside from the destruction of weed-seeds, very little is to be said in the English Sparrow’s favor. In reference to the insects destroyed this statement is made: “‘Out of five hundred and fifty-two stomachs inspected by the Biologi- cal Survey, forty-seven contained noxious insects, fifty held beneficial insects, and thirty-one contained insects of little or no importance.” There is a widespread feeling that the country would be better off if the English Sparrow had never been brought here. This sentiment against this The English Sparrow 63 bird, whether justified or not, has arisen because of the annoyance it gives to gardeners and fruit-growers; its tendency to destroy the nests of small native birds and thus drive them out of our towns; the loss caused by fires due to the nests placed about buildings catching sparks; its uncleanly habits spoiling sculptures on the facades of buildings; its noisy chatter about the house and yard where once the songs of other birds were heard, to say nothing of the petulant calling and fighting in the early morning heard about bedroom win- dows where late risers are taking their “beauty sleeps.” Resentment against the bird is reflected in the laws of our country, for in no state in the Union is the English Sparrow protected by statute. Every little while there are discussions in the public press about starting ‘‘Sparrow- wars” with a view to exterminating these birds. Now and then we hear of some community’s efforts looking to this end. Such attempts, however, have virtually been futile, as the English Sparrow can take care of itself so success- fully that only by continuous warfare against them, year after year, can their numbers be kept down in any particular community. Sometimes the experiment is made of offering a bounty on the heads of Sparrows. One objection to this procedure is that inexperienced persons, who are not able to distinguish between the English Sparrow and one or another of our native Sparrows, immediately become active in such a campaign, and our native birds suffer as a result. Within the past month an agent of this Associa- tion visited a western town where a bounty was being paid on dead English Sparrows. This agent examined the dead birds brought in during three days, and found that only one out of every eleven birds brought in, on all of which the bounty appears to have been paid, were English Sparrows; the others were all useful native birds. “What shall we do with the English Sparrow?” is a question which this Association is probably asked once a day on an average throughout the year. I confess my inability to answer this question. The Department of Agricul- ture at Washington has attempted to answer it by issuing bulletins advising people to poison and trap the birds. Whether this course is wise, it may at least be said that all such attempts in a public way instantly produce strong opposition by many hundreds of men and women who, perhaps in lieu of more interesting bird-neighbors, regard with pleasure the presence of the English Sparrows, and often feed them upon their window-sills, or provide boxes for their accommodation. Che Audubon Societies EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Edited by T. GILBERT PEARSON, Secretary Address all correspondence, and send all remittances for dues and contributions, to the National Association of Audubon Societies, 1974 Broadway, New York City. Wittram DutcuHer, President Freperic A. Lucas, Acting President THEODORE S. PALMER, First Vice-President T. GitBert PEARSON, Secretary JONATHAN Dwicut, Jr., Treasurer SamMuEL T. CarTER, Jr., Attorney Any person, club, school or company in sympathy with the objects of this Association may become a member of it, and all are welcome. Classes of Membership in the National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals: $5 annually pays for a Sustaining re og ye 4 $100 paid at one time constitutes a Life Membership $1,000 constitutes a person a Patron $5,000 constitutes a person a Founder $25,000 constitutes a person a Benefactor Form or Bequest:—lI do hereby give and bequeath to the National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals (Incorporated), of the City of New York. MOTION-PICTURES OF WILD BIRD-LIFE NOW AVAILABLE As part of the Association’s work in applied ornithology, Herbert K. Job has been photographing and producing a library of motion-pictures of varied phases of wild bird-life. Seven reels have been completed, and others are expected to follow. These films are of excellent qual- ity and have been well received, some having been used on the professional stage widely over the country. A duplicate set of these seven reels has now been prepared, and will be rented out from the New York office of the National Association. Besides the descriptive le- gends on the films, there will also be sup- plied typewritten notes, prepared by Mr. Job, to supply further information. Following are the titles and contents of the films: Reel I. Brrp-LirE oF THE WEST COAST oF FLormpa. Scenes in breeding colonies of water-birds, concluding with the Bird Key Reservation, Dry Tortugas, showing thousands of sea-birds. Reel II. Sza-ISLAND RESERVATIONS OF LouistaANaA. Touring through Breton Island Reservation with Col. Theodore Roosevelt; visiting an immense Pelican city and other places of interest. Reel III. WHERE WiLDFOWL WINTER. A winter trip to the vast wild-life reserva- tions on the Louisiana coast, amid thou- sands of wild ducks and geese, and of other birds. A fine film for sportsmen. Reel IV. Atrractinc WILp BIrRDs. Shows Junior Audubon Society work and methods of feeding and attracting birds on estates; also the wonderful breeding- colony of Egrets and other water-birds created by Edward A. Mcllhenny, at Avery Island, Louisiana. Reel V. PROPAGATION OF GAME-BIRDS AND WILD WATERFOWL. Scenes depicting methods of breeding and rearing these interesting species on estates, showing what may be done, either as a pastime or as an industry. Reel. VI. Brrp-Stupy ror LIvE Boys. How a high-school boy worked for the Audubon Society, and helped to take motion-pictures of numerous common birds at their nests feeding their young. Chestnut-sided Warblers are shown feed- ing their brood in his hand and on his head. Reel VII. Home—Brrps ror EVERYONE. Out on a ‘bird-walk.’ The intimate home-life of the most familiar dooryard (64) : The Audubon Societies 65 birds—Robins nesting on the window- sill, Catbirds in the shrubbery, a Blue Jay family by the kitchen roof, and various others. For the present, charges as follows will be made for the use of these films: $5 for one reel, and $3 for each additional reel. Transport charges are borne by the receiver. Four or five reels make a good evening’s entertainment. THE EDUCATION OF A ROBIN By MARIE KUGLER During a severe storm, early in May, a Robin’s nest in our yard was blown down, and, when found, only one of the young birds was alive. His bare little body was stiff with cold, but after being wrapped in cotton and kept near the fire a while, he: revived enough to swallow food. For several weeks he was a very dependent little fellow, but later on developed decided opinions. As soon as he was old and strong enough to fly well he was turned out of doors, and we supposed that after a day or two he would mingle with the other feathered folk; but not so. He would fly about until tired out, then come to the door and beg to get in, and even as late as the last of August he would come to the back porch for food and water. As he had been brought up by hand, he did not know how to find food for him- self. He would sit and scream at sight of a worm or berry, expecting it to drop into his wide-open mouth, but would make no effort to pick it up; so we had to teach him to hunt for food out-of-doors. We taught him to pick currants from the bushes by holding him under the clusters so that they just touched his bill, and it wasn’t long before he realized that it takes ‘pull’ to get things in this world. He soon became expert at it, and in a few days we had the pleasure of watching him make profitable round-trips from fence to bush with never an instant’s pause. After a few trips to the garden, where we dug worms for him, he learned to look for them on the ground, and later on we were almost sure to get an answer from him in the corn-rows whenever we called his name, and, until quite late in the sum- mer, he would answer and come to us from the trees when we were in the yard. He would ride round on our shoulders but his favorite perch was on someone’s head. He loved to bathe and made his wants known plainly by going to his drinking- cup and fluttering his wings violently. After his bath he would fly to the round of a certain chair to preen himself. Since he had no family to associate with, it took several hard-fought battles to establish himself in bird society; but by the end of the summer he seemed to be on good terms with the other Robins in the neigh- THE PET ROBIN GETS A WORM FROM ITS FRIEND, MISS MARIE KUGLER borhood. I had read of the ‘whisper songs’ of birds, but had never heard one until this bird began to sing. Evening after evening he would croon the dearest little twittering songs to himself, as if putting himself to sleep with a lullaby. We took several good pictures of him, but the accompanying one is his best; it shows him at meal-time, very much interested in the menu. We are wondering whether he will come back to us next summer. We have marked his foot so that we may recognize him. 66 Bird - Lore NEW MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS Enrolled from October 20, 1916, to January 1, 1917. Life Members: Adams, Edward D. Adams, Thomas M. Brewster, Frederick F. Hancock, Mrs. James Denton. Jackman, Edwin S. Joslyn, Mrs. George A. Miles, Mrs. Flora E. Noyes, Mrs. David A. Riker, John J. Seton, Ernest T. Turnbull, Anna B. (In Memoriam) Wason, Charles W. Watson, Mrs. Thomas J. New Members: Abert, Benjamin Albert, J. D., Jr., and Theodore Greever Altschul, Frank Anderson, Mrs. John Andrews, Rev. Theodore Bagley, George G. Bailey, Mrs. Cornelia E. Barnes, Keith Bassett, Carroll K. Bijur, Abraham Blumenthal, F. Bolton, Mrs. Charles C. Boye, Mrs. Frederick N. Bradley, Mrs. W. B. Bradley, William Post Branch County Bird Club Brightman, Mrs. Horace I. Brown, Mrs. Charles Stelle Brown, Miss Frances Bruening, Joe Bruner, Mrs. H. C. Bryant, Dr. Carl H. Buckner, Mortimer Norton Burckhardt, Miss Elizabeth Butcher, Howard Button, Mrs. W. H. Caldwell, Guy C. Calkins, F. G. Callery, George Lewis Cantwell, George G. Cartwright, Mrs. Katherine D. Cayuga Bird Club Chapin, Mrs. Charles A. Chapin, Mrs. H. K. Chisolm, B. Ogden Claflin, Miss Anna Moreland Clapp, George H. Corts, F. Lester Crafts, John W. Crawford, W. H. Crouse, George, Jr. Crump, Dr. Walter Gray, Jr. New Members, continued: Curtis, Mrs. Leonard E. Danville Bird Club Davidge, William H. DeKalb Wild Life Preservation So ciety Delano, Lyman DePree, Dr. Seine B. Detroit Audubon Society Dick, Sheldon Douglass, Robert Dun Eager, Mrs, Olive G. Edson, Wm. L. G. Eells, Mrs. Maud Stager Elme, David R. ; Evans, Henry O. Fell, Emma Trego Finney, Mrs. E. S. Foster, Miss Julia R. Fox, Miss Hannah Garland, Dr. Roy Gladden, George Goodwin, Miss Gordon-Smith, Miss Gladys Grafflin, Mrs. William H. Green, Richard Fisher Haas, Miss Edith Hale, Cleveland C. Hall, Orlando Hamill, Mrs. Ernest A. Hamlin, George P., Jr. Hart, Mrs. Harry Harte, Mrs. R. H. Hartshorne, Edward C., Jr. Henn, Richard L. Hobbs, Mrs. C. A. Hogan, Miss Llewellyn P. Hoge, Charles Courtenay Holbrook, Mrs. Newton D. Holland, R. A. Huber, Mrs. J. M. Hyde, Dr. Frederick E. James, Miss Annie A. James, Miss Margaret Jenkins, Marion G. Jonap, Henry Jordan, Charles L. Jordan, Pomeroy Judson, Henry I. Kenyon, William Houston Koehler, H. J. Kuithan, Emil F. Ladd, Niel Morrow Lauder, Miss E. S. Lawrence, Mrs. George R. Lee, Miss Florence Lidgewood, H. B. Liesching, Bernhard Longley, George C. Lowndes, Miss M. E. Luening, F. W. Magill, Miss Helen M. The Audubon Societies New Members, continued: Merriam, Mrs. W. H. Mitchell, William Moore, Mrs. Thomas L. Mueller, Walter J. Muller, Carl Nichols, Mrs. Morton C. Owen, Miss Juliette A. Pariser, Robert Peck, Mrs. Carson C. Peskind, Mrs. Arnold Phelps, Mrs. J. M. Piel, Mrs. M. Pierce, Mrs. Francis A. Platt, Lewis A. Polhemus, Miss R. Augusta Porter, Mrs. Willard Hall Powell, Mrs. Thomas C. Prescott, Mrs. Polly Putnam, Miss Elizabeth Randol, William M., Jr. Randolph, Mrs. Edward Rea, Mrs. Henry R. Reynolds, Dr. H. J. Rockaway Audubon Society Rogers, James Rogers, Richard Rose, Mrs. John H. Rosenthal, Mrs. Oscar Royce, J. rad Ruddock, C. H. Saratoga Springs Bird Club ‘ Sarwer, Mrs. Jessie M. Shead, Mrs. Lucia W. Shearman, Miss Margaret H. Sheldon, James Sherlock, Mrs. John Shipman, Richard Delafield Sidway, Ralph H. Skinner, M. P. Smiley, Mrs. Emily Smith, Mrs. Bertha C. Smith, Mrs. Frank D. Smith, Miss Mary Borden Smythe, Mrs. A. B. South Carolina Audubon Society Stevens, Miss Barbara Twining Stillman, William Maxson Sundstrand, Mrs. G. D. ‘©..Talbott, H. E. ‘Fener, Mrs. George E. Thibault, Henry Crawford Thibaut, Mrs. Natalie J. Tipton County Bird Club Trowbridge, Mrs. N. F. Turner, Mrs. George M. Van Bergen, R. E. ‘ Van Voorhees, Brown Van Voorhis, Mrs. H. H. Vibert, Miss Eveline Wagner, Miss Virginia Wallace, James N. Wallner, Louis W. Watts, John Webb, A. C. New Members, continued: Webster, George H. Weiss, Mrs. Carrie Stix Wessell, Arthur L. White, Mrs. Thomas H. White, Mrs. Windsor T. Wild Life Protective Milwaukee Wilkens, H. A. J. Willis, Reginald S. Witwer, Mohler 67 Society of Woman’s Educational Club of Walla Walla Woodford, W. R. Young, Archibald A. Zech, Miss Lillian New Contributors: Barton, Francis Beadle, Miss Lucy R. Costello, Frederick H. Fortnightly Club of Leominster Kelly, Miss Margaret B. Marshall, G. G. Middaugh, Henry G. Murray, Miss Catherine Sanford, George A. Wellington, Sarah W. White, Martha R. Contributors to the Egret Fund Balance unexpended from 1916, as per Annual Report .. . $3 Baugh, Miss Margaret L. . Bond, Miss Mary Louise . . Brewster, Mrs. Benjamin . . Brock, Mrs. Robert C. H. Busk, Fred T. : : Cobb, Miss Annie W. Cummings, Mrs. H. K. Dabney, Herbert Daniels, Mrs. E. O. . Pexter Sew ee Duer, Mrs. Denning . . Durham, fs “Rae Edwards, Miss L. M.. Emerson, Elliot S. Emery, Miss Georgia Hill Ensign, Charles S. : Ettorre, Mrs. F. ee Faulkner, Miss Fannie M. Garrignes, Mrs. Matilda .. Hale, Thomas, 3rd ; Hunter, William T., Jr. Jones, Miss Ella HH... . ; Jopson, Dr. and Mrs. nes H. Knowlton, Mrs. sede R. Kuhn, A. ; es ; Kuithan, Emil F. : Lewis, Edwin, Peete s Lincoln, Mrs. Lowell . . Miller, Mrs. C. R.. . Phelps, Mrs. J. W. 31 5° I H no Lal iS} Lal DHHMWHR HHO HN HTHNH OMHBNHHDUN Lal ee 0° gI 00 fete) fete) 00 fete) fete) fore) fore) 00 (ote) fore) 00 fete) fore) 00 fore) 00 00 00 fore) fore) 00 00 50 00 00 00 fete) 00 00 68 Bird- Lore Richards, Mrs, LaS. 2c 5 00 Sexton, Mrs. Edward B. 5 00 Shaw, Mrs. G.:H; . 2 00 Sturgis, F. K. . 5 00 Toland, Leigh. . I 00 Tower, Ellen Mii 3; 5 00 Townley, Mrs. John L.. . I 00 Tyler, Mr. and Mrs. W. G. 2 00 Van Wagenen, Mrs. G. A. 2 00 Whitney, Miss Ellen F. I 00 Wilkins, Miss Laura... . . I 00 Woman's Clupijey.(¢-8 > oe veo ee Total. . . $562 41 NOTES OF AUDUBON WORK Busy Bird Clubs Dimock, Pennsylvania, is a scattered crossroads village of 123 souls, yet it has a Junior Class of 23 members that hold meetings fortnightly, all the year round, and even more often in summer. Bird clubs in southern California are being entertained by a little play entitled ‘The Woodpeckers’ Convention,’ written by Mrs. Louise Carola Davis, and illus- trated with stereopticon slides taken from her own photographs of California birds. Fritz Hagans, the new president of the Forest Hills Auduben Society, has had the Boy Scouts distribute from door to door directions for the proper feeding of the wild birds that remain in the gardens over winter. He especially recommends the giving of water, even before food; and sug- gests the melting of suet and mixing it with hemp, millet, rape and canary seed, and crushed corn, putting this in a feeding- box a few feet above the earth. Suet may also be fastened to the trees, far enough up to be out of the way of dogs. Mrs. Granville Ross Pike, who has been doing good Audubon work in southern California under the auspices of the National Association, has prepared ‘The Birds’ Declaration of Independence,’ which is an excellent document for con- servationists, and has a gentle irony that appeals to every mind. It is pleasing to know that such a veteran as Dr. Thomas S. Roberts, of Minneapolis, is still active in bird-pro- tection work, keeping local clubs wide- awake, and availing himself of varied opportunities for preaching the gospel according to Audubon. The flourishing Watertown (N. Y.) Bird Club lately had an evening meeting devoted to the life and studies of Audubon. This club lately published a capital pamph- let on the birds of its territory by E. J. Sawyer, well-known as an artist of bird- life, who is one of its members. TWO ROBINS AT THEIR BATH Photographed by Esther Heacock The Audubon Societies 69 BIRD-BOXES BUILT AND SOLD FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE WAR-SUFFERERS Photographed by W. W. Grant At the recent annual meeting of the Ohio State Audubon Society, Miss Ger- trude Harvey reported that twenty-five kinds of birds nested every year in her garden. The State Audubon Society of Cali- fornia has designed a handsome seal, depicting a Phainopepla in a pepper tree. It is to be printed on a ‘sticker’ and used as has become a custom with the Red Cross seals at Christmas. An autumn meeting of the energetic bird club of Saratoga Springs, New York, was entertained by a novel ‘stunt’ in the program. The hall was darkened, and the Secretary, Miss Kate McCloskey, told the progress of a June day in the bird- world. As she proceeded from hour to hour, calls of the various birds singing during the day were given by a group of boys stationed in different parts of the auditorium—songs of the Robin, Whip- poor-will, Thrush, Bob-white, White- throated Sparrow and other familiar acquaintances. In addition to this, pic- tures of birds were thrown on the screen, and phonograph records of their songs given simultaneously. Such programs are both instructive to the audience and help- ful to a society. More Alien Depredation The accompanying photograph repre- sents the contents of an Italian’s pocket after his capture at South Norwalk, Connecticut, one Sunday morning last spring. It illustrates what would happen here in the North if it were not for the work of the wardens. To show the per- sistency of the Italians in killing song- birds, I have but ‘to mention one swamp adjoining the farm of an Italian on the edge of a city, where for the fourth year running we have captured an Italian shooting small birds; and three years out of the four the culprit was stopping at the farmer’s house, and each year was severely fined. This summer I caught a man with two Juncos and one Goldfinch, showing that nothing is too small for them. Edu- cation is to solve the problem through the children, but enough old ones are among us, and new ones all the time coming, to ase x Z| Fee EET jvivighhesthbien ee em eta cheer er ersiyet fh Oh Cobb sisi) Cee 8 ahi LYSE res gy ita ED Chey cpte stie : Nie BRR MOP bigs ish a ALi totertett titer tittt tt ti tal cae aed) ¥ THOS TES ip ee eh) sated tentang. mn hk eRe ee php thesia toad ss ve wh wm ond 6 ty pea bi HOU tenet verre se PURRRARRRRARRAA RAI 1A PIPES IL rf er : pee Wee faa, ? Pere they MMe ates ea eee: tA aed iva artes i ‘ads atey basesisedatale i fapiay NT POeL) RUT Ne ve ‘ PTT MTU rrr i rons AN ITALIAN’S GAME-BAG IN CONNECTICUT [wo Flickers, two Chewinks, one Robin, one Hermit Thrush, one White throated Sparrow, one Field Sparrow, one Goldfinch, red squirrel and a domestic Pigeon. He had ammunition enough to last all day. (70) The Audubon Societies 71 be a serious menace to all forms of wild life. The arm of the law, in the form of the game-warden, must still be busy. We captured one Italian with two Rhode Island Red Chickens he had shot.— Wisur F. Smit, South Norwalk, Conn. Loss of Bird-Life in Forest Fires William B. Mershon, of Saginaw, Michigan, sends us a note from J. H. McGillivray, a forest expert, that adds another and very important reason for extreme care in preventing forest fires. The note follows: “Tt may interest you to know that I made a game-survey last summer of approximately ten acres of green covert on the Au Sable River, along about the same extent of burnt-over ground, and by conservative estimates based on the wild life found, allowing 5 cents each for song-birds, 25 cents each for Partridges, etc., as food-value, and an equivalent value for recreation purposes, multiplied by the number of acres in Michigan burned over last year, increased decimally (for wild life averages ten years of life), I found that even holding the timber loss to the exceptionally low figure of $86,000, we destroyed by forest fires approxi- mately $3,000,000 worth of game.” The Birds and the Belgians The young son and daughter of W. W. Grant, of Geneva, New York, devised a plan last summer which served a kindly purpose in two ways. They constructed ninety-eight bird-boxes, and sold them for the benefit of blind and wounded soldiers in Europe. Deducting the cost of the lumber and its sawing into uniform pieces, the profit obtained added $9 to the soldier’s fund. As all these boxes were dis- posed of locally, and were excellently designed, and many were given away in addition to those sold, the birds of Geneva ought to be both happy and numerous next spring. The children got so much pleasure out of their doubly beneficial enterprise that they propose to try it again this winter. A Community of Albino Robins Several white Robins have been seen in this vicinity from 1914 to the present, seven or eight having been counted by the Junior Audubon Class of this town. One well-known example has snow-white plu- mage—not one colored feather. Dr. R. W. Dove of this town relates that in June, 1916, he found a nest containing one brown and two white Robins and observed that they were being fed alike by both the male and female parents. One of those white birds at the present writing is feasting on the mulberries and raspberries in the lot and adjoining lots of the writer. —Atonzo THompson, Harman, W.Va. New Finley Films Since many churches, schools and other educational institutions are now equipped with moving-picture lanterns, it is impor- tant that good films of wild-bird and animal life be available for this educa- tional work. It will not be many years before educational institutions will have libraries of various things illustrated with moving pictures, as now we have libraries for books, manuscripts, and magazines. The National Association of Audubon Societies has been collecting moving pic- tures to show its various fields of activity, especially in organizing Junior Audubon Societies, showing the children putting up bird-houses, feeding song-birds in winter, and the results accomplished on the big wild-bird reservations in various parts of the country, William L. Finley, field-agent for the Pacific Coast States, has collected during the past five years remarkable moving pictures of wild birds and other animals. He has been in the field a large part of the time, visiting the big federal wild-bird reservations of the West, and has achieved some wonderful results. Some of these films were shown last year while Mr. Finley was on his lecture-tour through eastern cities. He will be in the East dur- ing March to show a new series of moving- picture reels. 72 Bird- Lore Mr. Finley’s work during the past sum- mer has taken him to the great sea-bird colonies off the Oregon coast, then through eastern and southern Oregon for birds and animals in the lake region, and out in the sage-brush country. Some of his best results were achieved on a trip to the top of Mt. Hood with his moving-picture equipment, and also on an extended tour through Yellowstone Park. His assist- ants have been R. B. Horsfall and Mrs. Finley. He was also accompanied on two trips by T. Gilbert Pearson. Inasmuch as Yellowstone Park is the greatest refuge in America for wild ani- mals, these enthusiasts had abundant opportunity for picturing bears, deer, antelopes, elks, buffalos, beavers, and various smaller mammals and birds, such as squirrels, marmots, conies, Jays and Clark’s Crows. One of the best features of the summer’s work has been to show the splendid scenery amid which these animals live. The films that Mr. Finley has prepared for lecture purposes are therefore not only intimate studies show- ing the wild bird or mammal at home, but they are doubly interesting as travelogues. One phase of Mr. Finley’s work that he considers of great importance is that by which he seeks to interest children in the love and protection of our song birds. His reels showing children of the Junior Audubon Societies building bird-houses are exceptional from an_ educational standpoint, as also are those of children mothering orphaned’ Bluebirds and Thrushes whose parents had been killed by a cat. Later these same birds, after they are fully grown and able to fly, are seen bathing and feeding from the hands of the children. Of the animal series, Mr. Finley has many that are most remarkable, especially that of the home life of the wild antelope in the deserts of southern Oregon. Having discovered a _water-hole where these animals were accustomed to drink, Mr. Finley and his companions, Mr. Horsfall and S. G. Jewett, built a blind of sage- brush in which to hide the camera. Enter- ing the blind before daybreak, they spent four days in these cramped quarters, photographing the wary animals as they came within range. By this means good pictures of herds of them were secured, as were also those of hundreds of Sage Grouse that came daily to the water-hole to drink. It is a lamentable fact that through long and cruel hunting the ante- lope has come to be on the verge of extinction. This picture will undoubtedly tend to secure the preservation of one of the most beautiful of American animals. The Enabling Act ‘A treaty between Canada and _ the United States for united action in pro- tecting migratory birds was concluded on December 7, 1916, but this admirable agreement will have little practical value unless means are provided for making sure that the treaty-regulations are ob- served. These ‘means’ are conscientious and capable officers, who must be paid. This payment must come from the Federal Treasury in each country, and therefore requires, on this side of the boundary, an appropriation of money by Congress. A bill for this purpose (H.R. 20080) was introduced by Representative Henry D. Flood of Virginia. It reiterates in detail the provisions of the treaty prohibiting the killing, capturing, sale or purchase, exportation or importation, of any birds to or from Canada, except under regula- tions to be made by our Secretary of Agriculture; provides for the process of law by which violators may be punished; and appropriates $170,000 for warden- service and other necessary expenses. It is expected that similar action will be taken by the Parliament of the Dominion of Canada. This bill was immediately re- ferred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, whence it is to be hoped it will be reported speedily. Loa 1. Bewick’s WREN 4. ALASKA WREN 2. House WrEN 5. Lonc-BILLED MARSH WRrEN 3. WINTER WREN 6. SHORT-BILLED MARSH WREN Bird- Lore A BI-MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE STUDY AND PROTECTION OF BIRDS OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE AUDUBON SOCIETIES Vol. XIX MARCH—APRIL, 1917 No. 2 The Great Blue Herons of Honeoye By VERDI BURTCH With photographs by the author OWN through adeep narrow valley in the finger-lake region of western New York, winds the inlet of Honeoye Lake. About two and one half miles from the lake the valley begins to broaden out and the inlet over- flows in springtime on the alluvium and clay beds that it has been bringing in and depositing during the centuries to form an oozy, treacherous swamp. This swamp is covered with a forest of ash, elm, and maple trees, and is full of fallen logs in various stages of decay. Here the valley is 800 feet above the sea-level and the wooded hills are very steep and rise 1300 feet to 1400 feet above the valley on either side. In January, 1914, our game-protector told me of the large nests that he had seen in this swamp, and from his description I at once knew that they were the nests of the Great Blue Heron. May 24, 1914, a charming automobile ride of twenty-four miles over and through the glaciated hills brought us to the upper end of the swamp. Long before we were there we could see the nests of the Herons high up in the dead tops of the ash trees which were above the other trees in the forest. It did not take us long to get into the midst of them, where the great birds were flying to and fro or were perched on or above the nests. They were not nearly so wild as the Lake Lamoka Herons which we visited the year before, for these left the vicinity of the nests as soon as we came among them and after a long time came scouting around only to leave again as soon as they glimpsed us. These Honeoye birds acted more like our old Potter Swamp birds of twenty years ago, and who knows but that they may be direct’ descendants of the Potter Swamp birds, their ancestors having moved to Honeoye after Potter Swamp was despoiled of its forest.. We counted seventy-six nests that we could see from the road, and there must have been a few that we could not see. Many of these nests held young and nearly every nest had an old Heron or two either on or above it. 74 Bird - Lore Some of the trees held as many as four nests, and it was near one of these and another tree with three nests that I climbed a tree and pulled my camera up after me. I had hardly got settled into a fairly comfortable position when the Herons began to return to their nests. A bird came to each nest, and * . ,. . PERCHED ON OR ABOVE THEIR NESTS” five birds came to the four-nest tree. From my vantage-point I could see far out over the forest. A few birds were sitting on their eggs, their long necks folded over their backs, but most of them were standing in their nests or on a branch at one side or above them. They would stand thus motionless for a long time, or sometimes after alighting would stand still for ten or fifteen minutes, then walk slowly down the limb to the nest, using the wings to help The Great Blue Herons of Honeoye 75 them balance. When an old bird alighted at a nest where there were young, the young would stretch up their heads and make a great variety of grunts and squawks, but as the old one appeared to take no notice of them they would soon subside. I saw sixteen birds at nests at one time and many others flying about. At one nest a pair stood on each side facing each other with the young sticking their heads up between them—unfortunately it was out of range of my camera. “ THEIR GREAT WINGS FLAPPING SLOWLY” At another nest a male bird brought a stick to his sitting mate and she took it from him and placed it on the nest. We went to this herony again June 5, 1915, arriving there at 8 A.m. Before going into the swamp I counted ror nests that I could see from the road. We found the ferns and other tender plants all wilted down, having been cut by frost a few nights before. The fallen logs were a great help in getting around as the water was quite deep and there were many treacherous places where the mud and water would let one in over his boot-tops. As on our other visit, the Herons were busy flying to and from the lake or circling around the nests. A dead Heron was hanging by its head high up in a 76 Bird - Lore tree; probably had been shot and lodged there. Some of the trees with nests were rather close together, and many held two, three, and a few as many as four nests. Selecting a tree near two trees, each of which contained two nests, I was soon up where I could command a view of nearly the entire herony, and it was certainly a fine sight, nests nearby and far away in each direction. I could see “THE GREAT BIRDS WERE FLYING TOO AND FRO” sixty-three nests from my position, and thirty-seven had birds on them or standing on a limb above them. Many birds were perched on the tip-top of the nest-trees, standing motionless like statues outlined against the wooded hill. Birds were coming up the valley from the lake, their great wings flapping slowly, then, as they neared the nest-tree, the legs were brought forward and with a few quick flaps they alighted on the end of a limb, flapping their wings a few times to regain their balance. If there were young in the nest, as there \ < : ¢ fd ( ‘ \ oe i ‘ yt ae ae 3 oa — a. ¥ | iD eh ca \ A, x om oe ann Pi An f\ \ ¥ | / a |: < 2 Sa Es | - * % 4 ys \ . po , . sa) is by “ : : ~e 7 ~ ie ae D h : dad / . i Pee : - ee bee. ” et So ce: Bi « eae oN e or oon sige aon mal aS » An, 6 Fe ee, > * * Z “~~ va Wi: ri ag es “ ¢ : Z x WEEN “WITH MY -LAST PLATE I GOT MY BEST PICTURE” (77) 78 Bird- Lore were in nearly all at this time, they would raise their heads and set up a great squawking, crowding and fighting each other and making noises like the bark- ing of a puppy and a whole litter of little hungry pigs. The old birds never seemed to notice them, however, and they soon subsided and settled back in the nest. The old bird would stand motionless for a long, long time, then, with great deliberation, walk down the branch to the nest. When the parent reached the nest the young would take her bill in theirs and try to pull her down. She usually stood a long time with her head up before feeding the young, then would drop her head when a young one would take her bill into its own as she gave up the food. At other times she would regurgitate the food into the nest and the young would pick it up. The two nests nearest to me remained empty, their owners coming around many times but each time wheeling and going away again until I began to fear that they would not alight while I was there. Below me the Water Thrushes and Redstarts were singing, and a Great-crested Flycatcher cried out from his perch on the dead top of a tree. Occasionally I would glimpse a Scarlet Tanager as he flashed by through the trees beneath me; Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers and Flickers were working on nearby stubs. Two Mallard Ducks flew over, and a Red-eyed Vireo sang his querulous song. All this was very interesting, but standing with one’s full weight on one’s climber-spurs and holding twelve pounds of camera is not very comfortable, to say the least, and after I had endured it for over two hours and was thinking of going down, a bird came flapping along to the lower nest and—click—she was mine as she sailed up to her perch on a limb beside the nest. Almost at once the other bird came and alighted on a limb above the upper nest. After the usual wait she walked slowly down the limb to the nest, and with my last plate I got my best picture, two nests and a bird standing at each. Two Baby Hummers By MARGARET S. HITCHCOCK With photographs by the author T was on the 13th of June, 1914, that I discovered it. Could it be, I won- dered—so tiny a bit of something on the bough, fastened together with cobwebs—could it be that a Hummingbird had condescended to build her nest in our garden? I did not dare look longer then, for fear, if it was really true, that I might disturb the wee, emotional thing. I watched and waited; yes, what joy! When I saw her really busy, coming and going, so fast that on the second day the nest was very nearly finished. On the rgth, I boldly looked inside, and saw one egg, and on the 21st I saw two eggs, when she seemed to be on the nest really sitting. Frequently she left to visit the honeysuckle nearby, but returning in a moment or two. From the first she did not seem to look upon me as an intruder. She was always near, however, generally watch- ing from a favorite perch in an adjoining tree, but never making any protest, and I have seen her many times drive Sparrows well out of the neighborhood of her nest. So I photographed her, when she came three times and looked sharply at the camera pointing at her, then rested on a twig just over the nest, preening her feathers. After about three minutes she came with a dart, hovered over the nest a second, eying me sharply, about four feet from her, and then settled on her eggs as if she did not mind in the least, as long as I was still. But, when I moved away, she flew off, only to return in an instant. She seemed to become more and more accustomed to my coming and going, but she never stayed on the nest when I came very close. On the 4th of July, when I peeped in as usual, lo! I saw that one tiny white egg had hatched, and, but for the pulsation, I would have said that the tiny bunch, bare and almost black, and apparently headless, was not alive. It was not until several days later that I saw the wee head and bill, which had been tucked under. I supposed because, perhaps, of the weight of the long bill; but no, nature does not provide the long bill until needed. The bill was no longer in proportion, when first hatched, than other birds’ bills. I suppose the first one was the brother, as he was so much larger than the other; however, this was the only difference between them. On the morning of the 5th the smaller one hatched. The egg-shells disappeared as if by magic. I suppose the little mother carried them quite away. No father made his appearance, not even visiting the honeysuckle nearby. I have not even seen a male Ruby-throat this summer. On July 12 I took a picture, and again when the baby hummers were two weeks old, but neither shows the little ones very distinctly; they nestle down until only the bill and eyes are visible. On the 22nd, however, they held their heads higher, and the picture shows two tiny heads. On the 23rd, I resolved, while there was no danger of their flying, to get a (79) 80 Bird- Lore better picture. I had fed them for several days, a drop of syrup (sugar and water), which they took as freely as they did food from their mother, opening their bills each time. I gently put my finger under the stronger one, when he im- mediately snuggled in the warm hand, and I carried the tiny baby in front of the camera and snapped his picture. When I placed him back, he was just beginning to tremble —such a baby, I thought! Then imagine my surprise on the morning of the 26th to find this bold little fellow sitting on a bare twig half- way to the top of the larger spruce, more than twenty feet away from the nest, and his little sister all alone below. I immediately photographed her, forcing her to sit on the edge of the nest, which she did not want to do. She seemed rather afraid, but in a moment I put her back in the nest, and all was well until the next morning, when, I suppose, she tried to follow the brother. At an early hour she was in the nest, but at about nine o’clock she was gone. The mother was very faithful; in fact, I discovered where the mites were by seeing her feeding them, when my mind was set at rest about their safety. I was amazed at their quick in- telligence, and at no time more so than when, on coming only the second time with syrup, I found their heads far above the nest, their necks stretched an inch or more. I could IN THE HAND JULY 23, tor4 not believe it pos- sible that it was for me until I saw IN THE NEST JULY 2s, ror Two Baby Hummers 81 it repeated each day when I brought them the food. I gave it to them only once a day, fearing to interfere too much, so that they remembered from the day before. This I thought most remarkable, considering that they were so young. Their bills have grown longer, and I noticed, too, they did not protrude the tongue until the day before the first one flew; then they regularly licked the syrup from my finger with the tiny, hair-like tongue. Today, the 27th, they are so high in the tree I cannot see them, only hear them often. This is reassuring, though I cannot be called even a foster-mother; nevertheless, I would not take anything for the confidence already shown, and I think of Longfellow’s poem: “He giveth you your wings to fly, And breathe a purer air on high, And careth for you everywhere, Who for yourselves so little care 1)? Redwing By ELSIE ELOUISE WHEELER, Meriden, N. H. OT the shy little Indian maiden that kept the prairie camp-fires bright for an absent lover, but a brilliant little Warbler, is the Redwing of my story. One beautiful summer morning, I received a telephone message from a friend that a bird of bright tints was fluttering at that moment, quite unable to fly, in a rose-bush beneath her window. Would I come down and ascertain the nature of its injury and see that it was cared for? ‘At any minute,’’she prompted, “the Grimalkin of the Green Eyes may prowl around the hotel corner.” Needless to say, I went, though the sun-splashed distance stretched half a mile, and my waiting housework voiced remonstrance. The bird proved to be a full-grown male Redstart, and I easily caught him and carried him home. One wing drooped uselessly, but no bones seemed to be broken, and I concluded that the bird had flown so violently against some obstruction as to bruise and lame the breast muscles, rendering flight impossible for the time. From the vivid orange flame of his wing markings, I named him ‘Redwing.’ I placed him in an empty bird-cage and offered him refresh- ments. I had watched Redstarts in the woods, so I knew what kind of food my guest would relish. I brought my fly-killer and sought the sunny side of the shed. Thirty house-flies were my first offering, and these were greedily swallowed. For all his stiffened muscles, Redwing was the swiftest bird in motion I ever saw. He would sit on his cage-perch and swing his head downward to pick up the flies, or drop to the bottom of the cage, snatch a fly in his bill and swallow it 82 Bird - Lore while hopping to his perch again, meanwhile turning and twisting his alert body with inconceivable agility, flirting and opening and shutting his tail. Even in his semi-crippled condition, he was the spirit of animation. Disliking to be thought inhospitable in my own home, I set before the invalid other thirty flies, and was rather aghast to see them all dis- appear down the ‘red lane with no turning’ in exactly ten minutes by the clock. Was it reproach for niggardliness that looked out at me from Redwing’s black, expressive eye? I bethought me of a neighbor’s wire fly-trap. The borrowed trap was baited and set and I went about my housework with lightened responsibility. Pending the filling of the trap, I put into Red- wing’s cage sections of earthworms, some scraped veal, and bits of suet, but none of these would he even deign to sample. Later in the day the trap was opened, and 400 flies, by actual count, were set as ‘a feast before the king.’ These lasted Redwing about two hours. During the first day, though constantly active, Redwing seemed weak and showed little fear of me, eating and drinking when I was close beside him. Dainty and graceful as a butterfly, much more brilliant in hue, and scarcely larger than my thumb, he was the most attractive and interesting visitor that ever gladdened our home. Being an adult, his habits were formed, and he was untamable. His long- ing for the wildwood life began to awaken as his wing healed, and the restraint of the cage, necessary to insure his safety, grew constantly more irksome. When I drew near with food, or when hungry, his chirping call rang loud and metallic, otherwise he was silent. On the second day the patient seemed stronger and became so restless that I transferred him to a larger cage, and on the third day I hung this in an unused chamber where he would be free from molestation. Shortly afterward he began to resent my approach, showing signs of fear when I ministered to his needs; so I placed a dish containing about eight hundred flies in his cage, filled his drinking-cup, and left him as much as possible to the solitude he seemed to desire. The chamber door has a small aperture through which I could watch him without being seen, his actions becoming more natural when he considered himself free from observation. High up in one end of his cage was a perch, and at the other end was one near the bottom, in close proximity to his food. One day I watched him unobserved, for fifteen minutes, and he hopped and flirted from the high to the low perch and back 236 times, usually taking a fly or a sip of water every fourth trip. After leaving him for an hour, I came back to my concealed post of obser- vation and took ‘tabs’ on his doings for fifteen minutes more. This time he made the round trip, by actual count, 311 times, taking a fly or a drop of water, as before,about every fourth trip. At this rate, Redwing would consume Redwing 83 about two thousand flies a day, and while he was in my care he kept to about that average. With such an established record for insect-eating, of what incalculable value are Redwing’s innumerable kinsfolk to the orchardist, to the agriculturist and to the lumberman, in their consumption of untold numbers of destructive caterpillars and other insects! Late one afternoon, when my dainty feathered guest flew about so actively that I believed he would now be able to care for himself, Redwing and I took the path to the woodland together. In the gnarled hillside orchard, a favorite Warbler haunt, I photographed Redwing in his cage and then set him free. With a few exultant notes he flew by short stages through the orchard, up the hillside, and met the descending night in the dim mosaics of the woodland. The Purple Martin at Wichita, Kansas By RICHARD H. SULLIVAN, Wichita, Kansas HIS beautiful summer resident, Progne subis, is probably the most sociable of the community birds that visit the temperate regions of eastern North America during the nesting season. I say ‘beautiful’ because of its symmetry and elegant poise in flight, and particularly because of its inviting insistence that the bleak, somber, wintry days should go, and that the greening, with its varied chorus from other feathered throats, is come. Indeed, his friendliness is in direct contrast to the remarkable indifference of civilization, whose habitations he frequents while performing a positive ser- vice, for which he receives little or no return, except in death by the shot- gun, as voluminous evidence will show. I have been building houses and shelters for Martins, Wrens, Bluebirds, Chickadees, and other birds, for forty years, or ever since I was big enough to build anything, and the first of these birds has always appealed to me as ap- proaching the ideal, with the sprightly little Wren as a close second; for both species consume many times their weight in the noxious insect enemies of mankind. At the same time, their general attitude is so cheerful and friendly that one might be excused in wanting them around all the time. When I came to Wichita from Colorado, in June, 1905, a careful watch was kept to observe Martins as the train moved eastward. The first note was heard at Dodge City, 150 miles to the westward of this city. Upon arrival, sixteen large and small colonies were found in the down-town district, and several in the residence sections, with a total of about seventy-five pairs, as a rough estimate. I have kept a record of their arrival and departure in season since that time, and find that there was apparently an increase up to the sum- mer of r911, when they seemed to be somewhat less numerous. 84 Bird- Lore Dates of arrival and departure: Year Spring Summer and Autumn TQOR ees EE ON ae eur as eee August 15 vit (ot DRA pet nen Diels Recs Na bear cs, Sons antec tes April 14* August 25 LOOP isag a a Fe oe i ee March 11 August 31 poo}: Mignon eee PANG En Maa en mmr imges ei) March 27 August I9 EQOQ a gk ie ee aes ot. ooMberch a8 August 12 BQIO enh ey ee ene oe poy 4 March ao August 22 TOUT ie as ae oe are eee March 30 August 28t _ For various reasons, a Martin-house was not erected until the early spring of 1908. It was a common box with six compartments, placed upon the roof of a five-story office building. That summer, five pairs of Martins brought their young to wing from this home. With preparations for removal of offices to a higher building in the late winter of 1908, another and much more elaborate house was planned. It is a sort of bungalow or resort-hotel pattern, and contains forty-six rooms, most of which are 4 by 4 by 6 inches in size, with 2.5 by 3-inch openings. The old box was removed and set underneath this new hotel, which was placed upon a frame- work about four feet above the roof, 107 feet above the ground. It was painted white and green, and the total expense for house, platform and erection was nominal. During the summer of 1908, four pairs nested in the old box underneath and six pairs in the new hotel. All of these brought their young to wing, and thirty-six birds left the new house for the South in August. This was con- sidered a very good beginning. It was with a good deal of satisfaction that I found that eighteen pairs of birds has nests in my little hotel in May, 1909. Then followed trouble for the birds and disturbance of my peace of mind. For some reason, unknown at the time, the birds began visibly to decrease before full complements of eggs had been laid. Careful examination disclosed no vermin. It was later found that the desertions were due to nightly visits of marauders who gained access to the roof by the fire-escape, and also to molestation by visitors from adjoin- ing roofs. As a consequence, but six pairs brought young to wing. During the following autumn, a total of twenty-seven eggs were taken from the several rooms, some nests having one egg, some three, and some six. In the spring of 1910, the same trouble was experienced, fourteen pairs nesting and but three bringing young to wing. I then determined to remove the house to my home in Fairmount, a college suburb, three and five-tenths miles from the original site, in the hope that a few stragglers in the neighbor- hood might be induced to colonize there. The house was placed on a heavy pole, 18 feet above the ground, and gourd vines were started to present a home-like, inviting appearance. The House Sparrows appropriated the accom- modations within two days after the work was finished, in March, rort. *Sick in bed for a month after March 7. tAustin H. Larrabee, Professor of Biology in Fairmount College, has a date for a female Martin of October 4, 1911. The Purple Martin at Wichita, Kansas 85 Then began a relentless warfare against this persistent and pugnacious creature. So fiercely were they persecuted, to make way for better birds, that if a Sparrow saw a member of my family stoop to the ground, he would ‘dig out.’ But the nesting season passed without Martins. During May I discovered that a pair of Sparrows had built a nest in one of the rooms, the female having peculiar markings. Five eggs were destroyed from this nest, and in a few days another nest was begun on the other side. The process of destruction alternated from time to time until the close of August, when it was found that fifty fresh eggs had been destroyed. And I verily believe that they were all laid by the same female. The warfare will be reopened next month, when the obstructions are taken from the openings. One scheme employed last year was to put tappers in two small milk-cans and adjust the cans as cow-bells out of sight under the house, with strong string or wire running thence to the pantry window. A jerk of this string always emptied the house of Sparrows. During last autumn large numbers of migrating Bluebirds stopped and investigated the accommodations of this hotel, supposedly with a view to future engagements; but I shall take care of them with another bird-house. Another Martin-house of moderate size will be put up this spring on the present office building, which has an inaccessible roof 134 feet above the ground; and I am almost certain of a colony there, even though the trial at Fairmount may still be unsuccessful. EVENING GROSBEAKS AT PITTSFIELD, MASS. Photographed by Mrs. W. F. Barrows Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds FORTY-THIRD PAPER By FRANK M. CHAPMAN (See frontispiece) As Mr. W. DeW. Miller has remarked in discussing the plumage changes of the Wrens figured in Brrp-LoreE for December, 1916, the sexes in this family are alike in color or essentially so. After the postjuvenal molt, the young bird is distinguishable from the adult only by slight differences in the wings and tail which are not renewed at that molt, and subsequent changes in the color of the plumage are due only to wear and fading. But if the Wrens vary but little with age, sex, or season, many of the species vary geographically, and those which have a wide range are usually represented in it by a large number of local races or subspecies which, in their color and size, exhibit the effect of the existing environment. Bewick’s Wren (Thryomanes bewicki, Fig. 1)—The nesting (juvenal) plumage has the breast mottled or indefinitely spotted with blackish, but these markings are lost at the postjuvenal molt, after which the young bird resembles the adult. Bewick’s Wren is found throughout the greater part of the United States (though it is only locally common east of the Alleghanies), and is consequently subjected to a wide variety of conditions to which it responds by more or less evident racial variations in color and size. Mr. H. C. Oberholser in a review of this group published in 1899 (Proc. U. S. N. M., XXI, pp. 421-450) includes eleven forms of Bewick’s Wren from the United States, Lower California, and the islands of the Pacific coast, but of these the ‘Check-List’ of the American Ornithologists’ Union (1910 Ed.) recognizes only eight. In the latest paper on these Wrens, however, Mr. H. S. Swarth describes no less than eight races from California alone (Proc. Calif. Acad. Sciences, VI, 1916, pp. 53-85). Fortunately, these Wrens are as a rule non-migratory, and one therefore rarely finds two races in the same locality. Field identification, therefore, so far as subspecies is concerned, is more a matter of geography than of ornithol- ogy. So far as species is concerned, Bewick’s Wren may be readily distin- guished from the House Wren by its white or buffy superciliary line, by its longer tail, larger size and other characters. Our figure, based on the eastern race, is somewhat too rufous and the superciliary line is more buffy than is usual. The western races are grayer, less reddish brown above. House Wren (Troglodytes aédon, Fig. 2).—The juvenal plumage differs from that of the adult in the blackish mottling of the breast, but, as with Bewick’s Wren, these markings disappear with the postjuvenal molt. It also agrees with that species in having no spring molt, and the breeding plumage is essentially like that worn in winter. (86) Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds 87 The House Wren ranges from Cape Horn to Canada. Several specific and many subspecific names are applied to it in this wide area, but one has only to see the birds and hear them sing, whether in South America or North America, to be convinced of their close relationship. In the United States we have only two races, Troglodytes aédon aédon of the East and Troglodytes aédon parkmani of the West. Winter Wren (Nannus hiemalis, Fig. 3)—The nestling Winter Wren has the breast mottled or margined with dusky, and the presence of these markings in connection with the barrings on the flanks make the juvenal plumage quite unlike that of the adult. Only the flank markings are retained at the post- juvenal molt, after which young and old are alike in color. There is no spring molt, and the summer plumage is essentially like that of winter. Three races and two closely allied ‘species’ of the Winter Wren are known in North America. Nannus hiemalis hiemalis, the Eastern Winter Wren, ranges westward to Alberta; V. h. pacificus, the Western Winter Wren, is found from western Alberta to the Pacific coast; and NV. h. helleri, the Kadiak Winter Wren inhabits Kadiak Island. Alaska Wren (Nannus alascensis, Fig. 4)—-The Alaska Winter Wren is a representative form of the Winter Wren found in the western part of the Alaska Peninsula, the eastern Aleutian Islands, and St. George Island of the Pribilof group. It differs from the Winter Wren chiefly in having a slightly longer bill; below, it more nearly resembles the Western Winter Wren in color, while the upperparts are more like those of the Eastern Winter Wren. The Aleutian Wren (Nannus meliger) represents the Aleutian Wren in the Western Aleutian Islands. Long-billed Marsh Wren (Telmatodytes palustris, Fig. 5).—The nestling Long-billed Marsh Wren has the crown and foreback black without white streaks and is thus quite unlike the adult in appearance; but after the post- juvenal plumage, old and young wear the same kind of plumage. In Dwight’s opinion, there is a complete prenuptial or spring molt in this species. Five races of this species are known, as follows: (1) Telmatodytes palustris palustris of the northeastern states; (2) T. p. mariane and T. p. griseus with a not fully understood range in the southeastern states; (3) 7. p. iliacus of the “plains and prairies of central North America;” (4) T. p. plesius of the “arid interior of North America;”’ and (5) 7. p. paludicola of the Pacific coast. Short-billed Marsh Wren (Cistothorus stellaris, Fig. 6).—I have seen no specimens of this species in nestling plumage. In the nestlings of Cistothorus apolinari, a species from the Andes of Colombia, the streaks of the upper- parts are nearly obsolete. According to Dwight, the young of our species after the postjuvenal molt cannot be distinguished from the adult, and there is a complete spring molt. There is only one species of Short-billed Marsh Wren in North America, but closely allied species are found as far south as Argentina, Hotes from Field and Study An Unexpected Visitor When I came downstairs at about six o’clock in the morning on September 16, I was astonished to see a Screech Owl sitting on a radiator in the front hall. My first thought was that someone had put a stuffed bird there as a joke, but I realized at once that he was alive, because he turned his head when I moved to one side. I called to my wife, and she came down to see our visitor, who did not seem to be at all disturbed at our presence. I then got and flew into an adjoining room. He struck against a mirror and dropped onto a table, where he sat on a pile of books, looking very wise indeed. He did not remain long, however, but flew to my camera, which was standing near-by. After my friend had taken his picture in this position we de- cided not to keep him in the house any longer, so we opened the door, and he flew silently out, being lost to view in some near-by woods. We think the Owl must have come down a chimney into a fireplace, as there was SCREECH OWL Photographed by H. L. Shaw, Jr. out my camera and took some pictures, one of which is reproduced herewith. Nearly an hour later I went to the house of a neighbor, and got him to come over with his camera. The Owl had remained in the same place all this time, and I found that I could get close to the radiator with- out disturbing him. But finally, when I stood with my hand on the radiator, within a few inches of the Owl, he became alarmed apparently no other way in which he could have gotten in.—H. S. SHAw, Jr., Dover, Mass. A Long-eared Owl Roost What is believed to be an unusual ob- servation was recorded by the undersigned on February 4, 1917, in Goodwin Park, in the outskirts of this city. A telephone message in the morning communicated the (88) Notes from Field and Study 89 news that what was supposed to be a Long-eared Owl had been seen the previous day. This Owl is not at all common here, and so we decided to see for ourselves and verify if possible the earlier observation. Soon after arriving near where the bird had been seen, we found under a clump of small hemlock trees an estimated quantity of not less than four quarts of pellets, many of which will be gathered and sent to Washington for inspection. This in itself was something never before seen by either of us, notwithstanding one of us has been hunting birds for a great many years and has seen so-called ‘flights’ of Owls and many pellet collections. A few minutes later one of us discovered in an open-topped pine tree, not more than twenty-five feet from the ground, a single specimen of the Long-eared Owl. Not daring to move for fear the Owl would not be seen by us both, the discoverer of the bird did not stir until joined by his com- panion, who, upon being shown where the single Owl was roosting, quickly exclaimed “There are two, yes three, four, five, six, seven, good heavens, how many?” Just then the flock rose and we counted eight, and another flew out of a tree ten feet away. We were so astonished by our find that we almost lost sight of still another Owl who had remained behind. To see ten Long-eared Owls, and nine of them in a space not more than six feet square in a single tree, is something of an experience, even to us who have been field-students for upwards of forty and thirty years respectively. We do not find evidence in any book record that shows even half this number being seen in a single flock in the state of Connecticut.-C. W. VIBERT, G. T. Griswortp (Hartford Bird Study Club), Hartford, Conn. Notes from Southern Connecticut The past year was remarkable for the flight of Warblers, and the large numbers of Bay-breasted and Blackburnian Warb- lers, and the occurrence of certain rare species, the following records of which should be of interest: HoLBa@Ly’s GREBE.—March 19, one at Norwalk; March 24, five at Rowayton; April 15 and 20, one at Norwalk. RING-BILLED Gutt.—Though called a rare migrant in the ‘Birds of Connecticut,’ the writer believes this to be a fairly common, though not generally found species. Several birds were seen in the spring of 1916. September 13, 1916, one was shot over the Housatonic River at Stratford, and is in the Museum at Bird- craft Sanctuary. December 11, 1916, one was shot by duck-hunters at Stratford, and is in the writer’s collection. Jan 13, 1917, one was seen feeding in Bridgeport Harbor. Laucuinc Guti.—These Gulls have increased during the past few years until last fall they appeared in flocks of over one hundred among the islands off this place. BoONAPARTE’S GuLL.—A flock of about fifteen of these Gulls stayed on the Housa- tonic River at Stratford from September 7 to 13. One that was shot is in Birdcraft Museum at Fairfield. Witson’s PEtREL.—The ‘Birds of Con- necticut’ says of the Wilson’s Petrel (page 26): ‘‘We have no specific records of this species,’’ yet these Petrels have been fairly common in the Sound off this place for some years to the writer’s knowledge, coming in among the islands at times, and once in the harbor. The lobster fishermen tell me that these Petrels help them to locate their buoys by sitting on them. I have counted twenty in two hours. One shot August 7, 1914, is in the collection of the Fish and Game Commissioners, and one was taken by a member of the Biological Survey the past summer. Kinc Erer.—One shot at Fairfield Beach on December 14, 1916, by Mr. Leon Beardsley, is mounted in Birdcraft Mu- seum. KILLDEER.~Apparently these birds are coming back to breed in these parts for I saw a pair with nest completed at Wilton on June to, 1916, and Mr. Herbert Sniffens tells me that a pair raised a brood on his farm at Stratford. In August they were plentiful on one of the ponds that had been drained. go EVENING GROSBEAK.—Eight birds were in Norwalk from March 8 to 13, 1916. They were seen by many and were feeding on hacmatack berries. LAWRENCE’S WARBLER.—On May 12, 1916, a male was observed at Waterbury, and on May 20, another male was found at Wilton. It was feeding near the ground in willows and was very tame. A party of fifteen people watched it as long as they cared to do so at a very close range. Be- lieving it to be a migrant, no effort was made to watch it further, but Mr. Edward Godfrey, one of the original party, passing the place in June found a Lawrence War- bler feeding young in the same field where we found this one on May 20, and it may have been the same bird. MOockKINGBIRD.—_One lived about the residential section of Bridgeport all last winter, and I photographed it on March 21 in its haunts. Bird - Lore ‘ACADIAN’ CHICKADEE.—One found by one Abbot, identified by Mark Candee, and showed to me on January 11, 1917, has been in the same locality since and was seen by many people on January 18, 1916.— WILBUR F. Situ, South Norwalk, Conn. The Wellesley Bird-Box Many people would take greater interest in encouraging the native birds if most of the equipment now to be had on the mar- ket were not quite so expensive. Simple forms of feeders and bird-boxes seem to be quite as efficient as the more elaborate. If in any community it is desired to introduce a large number of bird-boxes at low cost it is only necessary to settle on some simple design and have them made at the nearest box (packing-box) factory. The plan can be carried out by an indi- THE WELLESLEY BIRD-BOX Dimensions of stock, top, 5 x 6% inches; front and back, each 5 x 7% inches; sides, 4x 734 inches; bottom, 4x 4 inches. The box is put together with 1%-inch galvanized box nails. entrance guard fastened with }4-inch galvanized tacks. position by a piece of galvanized No. 16 soft iron wire looped over a tack on each side. The roofing- paper and The top of the box is removable, but is held in Two holes about one inch apart are bored in the wo ad part of the box in a downward direction from the inside so that when the cover is off, the box can stained any dull neutral shade. be nailed to a post or tree with 234-inch galvanized wire nails. To be Notes from Field and Study gi vidual or by a local Audubon Society, and the boxes distributed at cost to those who want them. The box factories will make the cost extremely low provided they can point of introduction in New York, nor how far it has already made its way. I suppose that Starlings have been reported from points further south than Baltimore, WELLESLEY BIRD -BOX IN POSITION A guard of thin galvanized iron surrounds the entrance. For Bluebirds and Swallows the opening should be one and one half inches in diameter; for smaller birds one and a quarter inches deliver them by truck, unpacked, at one point. I tried the experiment with a lot of one thousand and it worked so well that I have ordered more. They cost fifteen cents each. The style adopted, which I tested with success during the past year, is out- lined in the accompanying photographs. The top of the box is removable for clean- ing and all nails, tacks, and other metal parts are of galvanized iron. To distinguish the box as a type I have called it the ‘Wellesley Bird-Box.’—Joun .C. LEE, Wellesley, Mass. The Starling in Baltimore I do not know how close a watch is being kept on the spread of the European Starling throughout our country from the but I send you the following item for what it may be worth: A flock of European Starlings, contain- ing several hundred individuals, has been roosting at night for an unknown length of time in a row of sycamore trees on Mt. Royal Avenue bordering the sunken gardens and overlooking the Union Sta- tion and the surrounding railroad yards. That row of trees has for several years been a roosting-place for thousands of English Sparrows during the winter months, and it is possible that the Star- lings were there for several nights before being noted, although I pass that place practically every evening during the week. My attention was first attracted by un- familiar notes on the evening of January 16, 1917, and subsequent investigation proved the presence of a large number of 92 Bird- Lore Starlings. The Starlings have been noted there every evening since that date except on January 21, when I did not pass the ' place. Since last fall I have occasionally seen a few Starlings, from one to five at a time, in the parks and suburbs of Balti- more; but this is the first time I have known of such large numbers coming right into the heart of the city —J. HoLLOWELL ParKER, Baltimore, Md. Lark Sparrows near Grafton, W. Va. On June 18, 1916, two adult and two young Lark Sparrows were seen in an orchard about eight miles north of Graf- ton. The birds were flying about in the - orchard and seemed perfectly contented. Two young birds were in the trees. The young birds were being fed by the adult birds. The young birds had evidently been hatched in the orchard or near-by. There might have been more young birds but only two were seen. These were the first Lark Sparrows known to have visited this section of the country. I feel sure that I have never seen them before. We were able to identify the birds as we could get within thirty feet of them. I was in this part of the country but one day, and there was no one else to observe the birds later. A month afterward I was in the same orchard and no trace of the birds could be found.—A. J. DaApisMAN, Morgantown, W. Va. Bohemian Waxwings in Seattle, Wash. Bird-lovers of this section, especially those along the lake-shore of this city, have been treated to a rare sight which we feel will be of interest to the friends of birds everywhere. It was the presence of Bohemian Waxwings by the thousand! The birds, accompanied by Cedar Wax- wings, and by hundreds and hundreds of Robins (the latter flying in flocks by them- selves but following, apparently, wherever the Waxwings led), were first seen on the morning of December 30, 1916, when they were noticed flying south. At intervals thereafter, usually in the forenoon, these birds returned, and always, when in our immediate vicinity, settled on tree and house-top or even on telephone wires, from which resting-places they made fre- quent excursions into the numerous mad- rona trees around. The berries, of course, were the objective. While thus engaged they afforded us excellent opportunities for observation. Indeed, so close could we get that it would have been possible more than once to simply reach out and stroke the Bohemian’s smooth plumage, but the Robin was less trusting. Though some of his number were always equally within reach, they were constantly giving warnings which would cause big numbers of all the birds to suddenly fly away, apparently in fear. But always they re- turned. And always the Bohemians seemed to be more numerous than the Cedar Wax-wings, or the Robins. Since the Bohemian is supposed “not to come into this vicinity,’”’ officers and members of our local Audubon Society were disposed to be suspicious of our identifications on the first reports, but fortunately several of them had occasion to see for themselves and verify our statements now. Why the birds came is a mystery. No one versed in bird-lore here will take it upon himself to hazard an interpretation of the phenomenon. If it was food they came for, they left before the supply was much decreased, for there are madronas and alder trees whose berries are still un- touched. And if the South was their intended destination, why did they go north again? The last flocks, numbering several hundreds, were seen for the last time on January 9, in the morning, and after much calling, in the familiar lisping way, and no end of circling about (but no feeding at all) they went back into the North.—J. Dean and F. D. Terry, Seattle, Wash. Prairie Horned Lark in Maryland The notes of Mrs. Arthur F. Gardner, of Troy, N. Y., in your July-August, 1916 number on the Horned Lark, remind me of some observations made here in western Notes from Field and Study 93 Maryland on the Prairie Horned Lark which seem to show that they breed in this region, although I believe their nests have not been found. In the Maryland Geological Survey of Allegany County, published in 1g00, there is a list of summer birds of western Mary- land by Edward A. Preble. He says of the Prairie Horned Lark: ‘While driving through Garret County [the western County of Maryland], on May 18, I saw a male bird of this species. He was on a fence-rail, singing lustily, and was not at all shy. It was near the town of Accident, about ten miles from the northwestern corner of the county. There can be little doubt but that the bird was breeding.”’ On this page of the report I have noted: ‘““August 26, 1911. Saw a flock on barren hill east of city. Did they not breed some- where in this region? August 24, 1912. Same locality. Again this year I note, June 23, 1916. The same locality.’”’ Rev. Mr. Ejifrig, formerly of this city, a well- known ornithologist and naturalist, in a list of local birds, writes as follows of the Prairie Horned Lark: ‘‘Often seen in flocks on hills and roads in this vicinity, along with Juncos, Tree Sparrows, and so forth. Breeds in the higher parts.” My idea has been that they breed in the open ‘glades’ near Oakland and Mountain Lake, Garrett County. These observa- tions seem to show that they are extending their breeding-range, which has, until recently, been recorded as the prairies of the Middle West eastward to northern New England. It may have ranged east- ward and southward as the country be- came open and more deforested. I shall look out for them another season and see if we can positively find their breeding habitat—Epwarp Harris, SR., Cumberland, Md. Smoke Trees and Purple Finches The seeds of a group of six ‘smoke trees,’ near my house at Westport Point, southern Massachusetts, are sought before they are fully formed by a flock of Purple Finches and feasted upon as long as they last. It is a curious fact that we never see these Purple Finches at any other time. We do not know where they live, but they have come to these same smoke trees every August for more than twenty years.—Mrs. CUTHBERT HALL. Is the Cape May Warbler Increasing : in Numbers? Have any of your readers, I wonder, observed a marked increase, within the last two or three years, in the number of Cape May Warblers migrating through this country? My own observations of that species are striking evidence of such an increase. In more than fifteen years of bird-study, covering a very large area in northeastern United States, I had not succeeded, previous to 1914, in recording a single Cape May; whereas, in the two and a half years since April, 1914, I have recorded about twenty individuals of that species, at widely separated times and places, in the states of Maine, Massachu- setts, and New Hampshire. Such an. experience seems rather significant.—R. E. Rossins, Brookline, Mass. , Evening Grosbeak in Ontario Having read many articles in Brrp- Lore concerning Evening Grosbeaks which have been seen in many parts of the coun- try, I thought that it might be of interest to you to know about a flock that has annually visited this town for the last four years. The flock consists of about fifteen males and females, and they feed on hawthorn berries and the seeds of the hard maple, seeming to prefer the latter. They are now more common than the Pine Grosbeak, of which species I have not seen a specimen for two years, although they used to be regular visitors—R. B. CHELTON, Cobourg, Ont. Evening Grosbeaks at Morristown, N. J. On December 16, 1916, I saw my first Evening Grosbeak. It was a single individual, a male and was near the top 94 of a tall maple. A few days later two of my neighbors reported that they had seen a single one in the same vicinity. About the middle of January a report came to me that a flock of seven or eight had been seen in the Sherman Hill section of the town, and on January 25 and 26 I saw a flock of about the same number feeding on sumach berries in a vacant lot just in the rear of my yard. I did not see them again until February 16, when a flock of about ten birds was seen in a black locust at the end of my garden. A short article was published in one of our local papers and since then several reports have come to me of others having seen these birds. Pine Siskins were seen here during November, but seem to have passed on. Redpolls are common. In the course of a two-hours walk this afternoon, I saw probably too. Two Canadian Nuthatches have been daily visitors to our suet since the latter part of January.—R. C. Cas- KEN, Morristown, N. J. Cardinal in Rhode Island During the past week the Cardinal has been reported as seen at Warren, R. I. So far as I am able to ascertain this is the first record of the state. The bird is a female and is in and around the grounds of the home of Mrs. Albert E. Leach, who first saw it on Tuesday, January 23, at about 3 P.M. At that time she had it under observation with glasses for about five minutes. On January 29, Mrs. Leach, with three others, Miss Mary Crowell, Miss Eliza- beth Freeborn, and Miss Virginia Rey- nolds, had the bird under observation for about thirty minutes, and the same par- ties saw the bird again on January 30. This is the first time Mrs. Leach had ever seen the bird, but the other three persons know the bird intimately in the South where they have had them feeding at their windows in other years. I have not found time to go to Warren and verify these observations, but the above-named persons are good amateur observers, and in consideration of the Bird - Lore fact that three of them are familiar with the bird, I feel safe in reporting it as a new record in Rhode Island.—H. L. Manpison, Curator Park Museum, Provi- dence, R.I. Pickerel Catching Swallow Some of my friends were fishing on a little lake near here. A Swallow was skimming over the lake very near the water, and a pickerel jumped up and caught the bird in its mouth. No one here has seen such a thing happen before. —COoNSTANCE HumpHrREY, Kalamazoo, Mich. A Wren’s Nesting-Place At our country-place, the outside bath- room is not put into use until sometime in May. This spring the pipes were connected the last week in April, and our caretaker unintentionally left the door ajar. When I arrived about the 8th of May, to open the house and put all in readiness for the summer, I found some- one ahead of me who had already put her house in order and had established herself comfortably. It was a House Wren, who had taken advantage of the open door, and was satisfied not only on the lower shelf of the little cabinet that hangs over the tub, but built her nest right upon my empty soap-dish.—BLANCHE A. TURNER, Arcadia, Mo. Helpful Young Bluebirds A pair of Bluebirds successfully raised a brood in our bird-house in May, the young birds leaving the nest the third of June. After several days, the parent birds built a nest in a similar bird-house in a neighbor’s yard and raised a second family. We were interested to observe that the young birds worked with the parents in carrying food to the latest fledglings, also in cleaning the nest. When the second brood left the nest, the ‘big brothers’ seemed as excited as the parents.—Mrs. GrorcE A. HARTER, Chicago, Ill. Book Pews and Rebiews British Birps. Written and illustrated by A. THorBuRN, F. Z. S., with eighty plates in color, showing over four hun- dred species. In four volumes. 4to. Vol. III, plls. 41—60; Vol. IV, plls. 61—8o. Longmans, Green & Co., Lon- don and New York. The appearance of Volume IV marks the completion of this superb work. A noteworthy undertaking under any con- ditions, its manufacture and publication in England at this time is a tribute to everyone who has been engaged in its pro- duction. In these final volumes, the work of artist, engraver, and typographer shows no falling off from the high standard of excellence established by Volumes I and II. We have had no illustrations of birds published in America which would com- pare favorably with the plates in this work. There have been state publications where the question of expense was not of primary importance and the best availa- ble methods of color engraving were em- ployed, but the results were far below those attained in the volumes under con- sideration. Rumor has it that a fully illustrated book is to be published by a state in which there is a greater per capita interest in birds than in any other in the Union. We trust that in selecting an engraver of the drawings for this proposed work, the re- productions in Mr. Thorburn’s volumes be exhibited as models to be followed as closely as circumstances will permit. Volume III treats of the Herons, Ducks, Geese and Swans, Pigeons, Gallinaceous Birds, Rails and Coots. We suppose it is hopeless to expect English writers to employ names for American birds by which they are com- monly known in this country, and con- sequently need not be surprised to see our Sora entered as ‘Carolina Crake’ (the bill, by the way, in the figure of this species is basally red instead of yellowish green). Volume IV contains the Bustards and For reviews of Vols. I and II, see Brrp-LoRE. Cranes, Shore-birds, Terns, Gulls, Auks, Divers, Shearwaters, and Petrels. The total number of species figured in the four volumes is somewhat over four hundred. To give a plate to each. species would have involved a prohibitive ex- pense. Only by placing a number of species on the same plate was it possible to pro- duce a work of this character at a reason- able price. It must be taken for granted, therefore, that the requirements of com- mercial publication have imposed certain restrictions on the artist for which he is not responsible. The artist, therefore, should not be criticized for an arrangement beyond his control. Rather should we accord him our praise for the skilful and artistic manner in which he has met and usually conquered difficult problems of arrangement and grouping with a result which rarely fails to produce a pleasing whole, while the individual figures, with but few exceptions, portray form, color and character in a wholly accurate and charming manner.—F. M. C. CONSERVATION OF OUR WILD BirDs. Methods of Attracting and Increasing the numbers of Useful Birds and the Establishment of Sanctuaries. By BrApForD A. ScuppER, Secretary, Massachusetts Fish and Game Proc. Assoc., 748 Tremont Bldg., Boston, Mass., 1916. 71 pages; line cuts. This is a useful manual on those phases of bird protection which so fortunately are interesting a constantly increasing number of bird-lovers throughout the country. After giving a list of the birds which may nest about our homes, Mr. Scudder tells us what steps are necessary to induce them to take up their abode near ours and de- scribes in detail various types of nesting- boxes, bird-baths, and feeding devices. There is also a chapter on planting food- bearing trees, shrubs, vines and plants for land birds and also one on planting for aquatic birds. Practical suggestions are given for the establishment of bird sanc- tuaries on which the author emphasizes (95) 96 Bird - Lore the ‘importance of not relaxing for a moment the campaign of extermination that must be waged against the enemies of wild life found within the borders of a sanctuary.” Under the head of ‘Enemies of Wild Birds’ he returns to this same subject and says: ‘‘We may never hope to increase the numbers of our useful birds and quad- rupeds until their natural enemies and other distinctive agents are either largely removed or reduced to a minimum.”’ This statement is modified somewhat in succeeding pages, but Mr. Scudder appar- ently favors more interference with na- ture’s balance than Mr. Forbush advocates (see succeeding review), if we would in. crease the numbers of song-birds about our homes. Books of this kind cannot have too large a circulation —F. M. C. Toe NaAtuRAL ENEMIES OF Birps. By Epwarp Hower ForsusH, State Orni- thologist. Economic Biology, Bull. No. 3, Mass. State Board of Agriculture, Boston, 1916. 58 pages; 17 plates. Our attention has been so focused on the unnatural enemies of birds that we have given comparatively little. thought to their natural enemies. Mr. Forbush’s paper is therefore a welcome addition to the valuable series on economic ornithology for which we are already indebted to him. Under the head of ‘Introduced Domesti- cated Enemies’ are included the cat, dog, hog, grazing animals, and rat. To these are added the following ‘Feral Enemies’: Fox, mink, weasel, skunk, raccoon, red, gray and flying squirrel, chipmunk, musk- rat, meadow mouse, deer mouse, deer, Shrikes, Grackles, Blue Jay, Crow, Hawks, Owls; and Eagles, while some Gulls, Herons, Wrens and other species are classed as ‘Minor Bird Enemies.’ ‘Introduced Bird Enemies’ are the English Sparrow, Starling, and Ring- necked Pheasant and the list is completed by the addition of the snapping turtle, several species of snakes, frogs and fish and, finally, various species of insects which are said to be potentially the greatest enemies of birds. Against this array of foes it might be imagined that few birds would live to reach maturity, but Mr. Forbush shows how strictly natural enemies, and this excludes introduced species, are necessary to maintain that balance of life which prevents any one species from having an undue advantage over others and thus, in time, overrunning the country in which it lives. He does not approve, except under certain special conditions, of attempting to control the natural enemies of birds, and he shows the futility of bounties. His studies are summed up in the following conclusions: ‘‘(1)Natural enemies of birds are necessary and desirable, as they tend to maintain within proper bounds the numbers of the species on which they prey. (2) Organized attempts to increase the numbers of birds over large areas by des- troying indiscriminately all natural en- mies are undesirable. (3) Under certain circumstances enemies which have been able to adapt themselves to man and his works and have become unduly numerous may require reduction in numbers. (4) Individuals of useful species which may become particularly destructive should be eliminated. (5) Self-interest on the part of the people most concerned eventually will bring about such reduction of pred- atory animals as is needed without the stimulus of bounty laws, which in most cases are pernicious and which, if enacted at all, should be directed only against the larger predatory animals or those which are dangerous to human life or exceedingly destructive to domestic animals or crops.” —F.M.C. An InpEx To Brirp-Lore-Vols. I—XV, inclusive. Compiled by Ernest INGER- SOLL. For sale by the National Asso- ciation of Audubon Societies. Price, 50 cents. A glance through this useful work of reference impresses one who has _ been fairly familiar with the contents of Brrp- Lore, with the richness of the store of information which is to be found in a set of this magazine. Aside from the hundreds Book News and Reviews 97 of colored figures, over 2,000 photographs of birds have been reproduced, with a corresponding wealth of descriptive mat- ter. We should be grateful to Mr. Inger- soll for making all this material so readily available. —F. M. C. Ornithological Magazines Ture AuK.—On the opening page of the January issue is a speaking portrait of Daniel Giraud Elliot, which is followed by a memorial address by Dr. Frank M. Chapman who,.all too briefly, outlines the life and work of this great ornitholo- gist. Few are privileged to attain such honors as.came to him, and his loss will be keenly felt by his friends the world over. Men of such caliber always advance, and uplift the science to which they devote their lives. As a fine example of a local list, Major Allan Brooks’ ‘Birds of the Chilliwack District, B. C.,’ is to be commended. Col- lections were made for eleven years, and the results and conclusions regarding 257 species and races are compressed to occupy only a few pages, including a map. Another good local list is one on ‘The Birds of Culebra Island, Porto Rico,’ by Mr. A. Wetmore. Mr. H. L. Stoddard records ‘Notes on a few of the Rarer Birds of Sauk and Dane Counties, Wisconsin.’ Mr. H. G. Wright deals at length with ‘The Orange-crowned Warbler as a Fall and Winter Visitant in the region of Boston, Massachusetts.’ A new race of the Meadowlark— Sturnella neglecta confluenta—from Wash- ington, Oregon and British Columbia, is described by Mr. S. F. Rathbun, a new Finch (Telespiza ultima) from Nihoa Island, Hawaiian Islands, is described by Mr. W. A. Bryan, and a new race of the Broad-winged Hawk—Buteo platypterus iowensis—from Iowa, is described by Mr. B. H. Bailey. In view of the well known ‘melanistic’ plumages of many species of Hawks, we wonder if the describer has sufficiently weighed this possibility. The Thirty-fourth Meeting of the A.O.U., in Philadelphia, is reported by the Secretary Mr. J. H. Sage. The A.O.U. has increased in spite of the long list of members deceased during the year. Before closing this review we would take exception to the too frequent prac- tice of publishing ‘sight’ records of races that, according to geographical distribu- tion, ought to be the ones seen. For instance at page o1 we find two records of the ‘Acadian’ Chickadee, a slightly differ- ing form of the Hudsonian Chickadee, and first described from Nova Scotia. How do we know that these birds are not of the race from Labrador, or the race from Hudson Bay? This is not improba- ble, for at page 86 is recorded the capture of a Mountain Plover on Cape Cod, a bird that should not be found east of the Rockies. And what of the Evening Gros- beaks recorded as Coccothraustes ves per- tina vespertiana? Might not the Rocky Mountain race slip down this way? And the same thing is true of other ‘records’ we have seen of other birds. So very many old records of species have proved to be something else, when the moth-eaten specimens on which they rested have been examined, that we may well wonder how future students are going to treat sight records, which have nothing more tangible than unsupported opinions to back them.—J. D. ; Book News ‘Some Bird Friends,’ by Henry F. Pullen, is an ‘intimate introduction” to some of the commoner birds of British Columbia. It is attractively illustrated with twenty half-tones and the text shows a genuine love of birds and enthusiasm for their study. This booklet of 30 pages is pub- lished by the Free Lance Publishing Com- pany at Victoria, British Columbia. ‘Food Plants to Attract Birds and Pro- tect Fruit,’ Circular No. 49 of the Massa- chusetts State Board of Agriculture, by Edward Howe Forbush, is a publication which may be consulted to advantage at this seasonable time for spring planting. 98 Bird - Lore Wird-ILore A Bi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Study and Protection of Birds OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE AUDUBON SOCIETIES Edited by FRANK M. CHAPMAN Contributing Editor, MABELOSGOOD WRIGHT Published by D. APPLETON & CO. Vol. XIX Published April 1,1917 No.2 SUBSCRIPTION RATES Price in the United States. one dollar a year; outside the United States, one dollar and twenty-five cents, postage paid. COPYRIGHTED, 1917, BY FRANK M. CHAPMAN . Bird-Lore’s Motto: A Bird in the Bush Is Worth Two in the Hand Wits the next issue of Brrp-LorRE we plan to inaugurate an undertaking which it is hoped will be of much interest and value to field students. Authorities on the bird-life of certain regions have consented to supply us with a brief summary of seasonable news in that part of the bird world with which they are familiar. They will tell us, for example, of the character of the winter bird-life of their respective districts, whether it is distinguished by the presence of rare winter visitants or absence of those which should be expected to occur. They will report, in a general way, on the advance of the migration, and, in short, give a résumé of their own obser- vations and those of other local observers who may report tothem. The information they contribute will thus serve as a stan- dard of comparison for those students who would know whether conditions in bird- life, as they observe them, are usual or exceptional. These reports will be pub- lished as a sub-department of ‘Notes from Field and Study,’ under the editorship of Mr. Charles H. Rogers. The year 1916 was rendered memorable in the annals of ornithology by two re- markable discoveries. During the sum- mer, William Stein, a member of one of the American Museum’s paleontological expe- ditions, found the skeleton of a gigantic fossil bird in the lower Eocene deposits of Wyoming. This bird, we learn froma short preliminary announcement in ‘The Ameri- can Museum Journal,’ “was much larger than an Ostrich, although not so tall, and had a huge head with a high compressed beak, unlike any living bird.” A study of this skeleton has revealed some unexpected facts which, in due time, will be published. The fossil bird record is so fragmentary that we are apt to take for granted almost any addition to it; but our knowledge of living birds is so comparatively complete that we were not prepared for Dr. W. L. Abbott’s most surprising discovery that a local race of the White-winged Crossbill* inhabits the mountains of Santo Domingo. If the bird were a Red Crossbill its presence, even in a West Indian island, might not be so astounding. Red Cross- bills are found as far south as the pine forests of Central America and, in the Alleghanies, to Georgia; but the White- winged species is more boreal and is not known to nest south of New England. How then can we account for its presence as a permanent resident so far south of the range of the species it represents? We may ask the same question about the Horned Larks that live on the Savanna of Bogota in the Eastern Andes of Colombia. No other Horned Lark is found in South America or, indeed, in Central America; the nearest point at which the species occurs being southern Mexico. Possibly we may regard these birds as indicators in nature’s self-registering ther- mometer. Reaching the regions they now occupy during climatic conditions which no longer prevail, one has found a favor- able home in the pine forests of a Carib- bean island, the other, suitable haunts on a temperate zone Andean plateau. The climate, which we may believe forced them southward, has retreated, so to speak, to its present level, leaving behind it these records on the scale of time. There is small resemblance between the giant bird which existed some millions of years ago in Wyoming, the Crossbill of Santo Domingo and Horned Lark of Colombia, but what profound depths of ignorance the light they shed reveals! *See Riley, Smiths Misc. Coll., Vol. 66, No. 15 1916, p. I Che Audubon Societies SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Edited by ALICE HALL WALTER Address all communications relative to the work of this depart- ment to the Editor, 67 Oriole Avenue, Providence, R. I “Hitherto my rambles have been confined to the neighborhood of a single spot, with a view of showing how perfectly accessible to all, are numerous and varied natural objects.’’ “When an inhabitant of the country, it was sufficient to go a few steps from the door, to be in the midst of numerous interesting objects; when a resident of the crowded city, a healthful walk of half an hour placed me where my favorite enjoyment was offered in abundance; and now, when no longer able to seek in fields and woods and running streams for that knowledge which cannot readily be elsewhere obtained, the recollection of my former rambles is productive of a satisfaction which past pleas- ures but seldom bestow.’’—Rambles of a Naturalist by Dr. John D. Godman, 1859. A SUGGESTION FOR BIRD AND ARBOR DAY ANY beautiful and instructive pageants have been given to celebrate historical events or special and significant phases of progress. These entertainments have done much to stimulate interest and civic pride in the development of the towns, cities or neighborhoods which furnished the occasion for their undertaking. The main object of such pageants, indeed, is to draw the people of a community more closely together and to attract those out- side to share in the creation of new enterprises and enthusiasms. The thought comes to one who has witnessed such a pageant: Why not try this idea in a simple way for the improvement of Bird and Arbor Day exercises, and indirectly for the betterment of the conservation of natural resources in all of its manifold forms? . State Audubon Societies could do a great deal in this direction by getting together the materials for a Bird and Arbor Day pageant on an inexpensive scale, within the means as well as within the ability of rural or urban schools. The effort put into anentertainment of this kind isnever wasted, provided that effort is well directed. There is an opportunity here for the exercise of a variety of talents and the person who is able to conceive and work out a Bird and Arbor Day pageant of merit, suitable for presentation by the scholars in our primary grade and high schools will deserve our attention and praise. The Bird masque, ‘Sanctuary’, written by Percy MacKaye, is beyond the ability of the average school, but wherever it has been properly presented, it has not only given much pleasure, but also, awakened keen interest in birds and nature.—A. H. W. [NoTE: See Brrp-Lore, Vol. XVIII, No. 6, pp. 451 and 46s.] (99) 100 Bird - Lore JUNIOR AUDUBON WORK For Teachers and Pupils Exercise XXXII: Correlated with Reading, English, and Music THE POET’S TREASURE ‘‘And now Spring beckons me with verdant hand, . . . ”—Li Po. A.D. 702-762. There is much wealth which is free to everyone in this great, whirling, beautiful world. Nature’s treasures are so numerous that one could scarcely learn to name them all in a lifetime, although they are free to any one who will seek them. It is the gift of poets to discover treasures hidden from ordinary sight, and to them you must go to find the way to many a treasure-trove. You cannot begin too soon to become familiar with the ways and words of poets. The great poets give generously of the wealth they have found, just as great musicians or great artists do. Why not take the best for your own, then, when it can be had for the accepting, instead of wasting your finest sense of appreciation upon the less worthy or the unworthy? If any one should offer you a choice between several coats, or hats, or automobiles, you would surely take the best. Why choose low-grade music or inferior books or ordinary pic- tures when you can as easily have the best? To help you prepare for Bird and Arbor Day, the following bits of treasure have been found and are here offered to you. In the fourth century B.C. there lived a Chinese poet who was also a minister of state to a feudal prince. This poet was exiled for political reasons, and went to the distant hill-country where he lived with Nature until his tragic death. Thereafter, in his honor, there was held on the fifth day of the fifth moon a festival called the Dragon-boat Festival. There follows part of a song written by this poet, whose name was Ch’ii Yiian: “Methinks there’s a genius Couched in a chariot Roams in the mountains, With banners of cassia, Girdled with ivy Cloaked with the orchid, And robed in wisteria, : And crowned with azaleas; Lips ever smiling, Culling the perfume Of noble demeanour, Of sweet flowers, he leaves Driving the yellow pard, In the heart a dream-blossom Tiger-attended, Memory haunting. es This is a wonderful Oriental picture, a gem in words, which though trans- lated from the original, still conveys to us the poet’s deep delight in Nature’s beauty. One can almost see the imaginary Spirit of the Mountains, clothed in flowers, driving a yellow leopard, attended by tigers, who leaves in each responsive heart a dream-blossom. The Audubon Societies IOI Between 689 and 740 A.D. a very learned poet named Meng Hao-jan lived and wrote. He went to the hills after spending forty years in study and from his pen we may take these delicate pearls of thought: “The red gleam o’er the mountains “Over the chain of giant peaks Goes wavering from sight, The great red sun goes down, And the quiet moon enhances _ And in the stealthy floods of night The loveliness of night. The distant valleys drown. “The night wind tells me secrets ‘Yon moon that cleaves the gloomy pine Of lotus lilies blue; Has freshness in her train; And hour by hour the willows Low wind, faint stream and waterfall Shake down the chiming dew. Haunt me with their refrain. ‘The tired woodman seeks his cot That twinkles up the hill; . And sleep has touched the wanderers That sang the twilight still.” What rare sympathy with Nature this poet had, to present to us in so few simple lines such a wealth of beauty! Lute in hand, he wandered “through the fragrant dew-lit ways’ to meet a friend, filled with the beauty of the night. Can you hear the willows hour by hour ‘“‘shake down the chiming dew,” as he watched the “stealthy floods of night”? drown the distant valleys? Can you see the gleam of light twinkling up the hill from the woodman’s cottage and can you feel that moment of silence when sleep touched the wandering birds “that sang the twilight still?” These poets of long ago knew the birds better than we suspect, and the flowers, trees, skies and mountains, too. Take a few random lines from other Chinese poets who lived before the year 1000 A.D.: “Night is at hand; the night winds fret afar, The North winds moan. The waterfowl are gone To cover o’er the sand-dunes; dawn alone Shall call them from the sedges. Some bright star Mirrors her charms upon the silver shoal.” “Oh! she is good, the little rain! and well she knows our need Who cometh in the time of spring to aid the sundrawn seed; She wanders with a friendly mind through silent nights unseen, The furrows feel her happy tears, and lo! the land is green.”’ “The yellow dusk winds round the city wall: The crows are drawn to nest, Silently down the west They hasten home, and from the branches call.” “T too have felt the wild-bird thrill of song . . . ” 102 Bird-Lore The following lines taken from a poem describing a stone image known for “a thousand autumns” as the Celestial Weaver hints at the careful observa- tion of the poet who wrote them: ‘And since she breathes not, being stone, the birds Light on her shoulders, flutter without fear at her still breast. . . . ? “How beautiful and fresh the grass returns! When golden days decline, the meadow burns; Yet autumn suns no hidden root have slain, The spring winds blow, and there is grass again.” “In green pavilions of warm trees The golden builders toil and sing; While swallows dip along the leas, And dabble in the ooze of Spring.” ‘The peach blooms open on the eastern wall— I breathe their fragrance, laughing in the glow Of golden noontide. Suddenly there comes The revelation of the ancient wind, Flooding my soul with glory; till I feel One with the brightness of the first far dawn, One with the many-coloured spring; and all The secrets of the scented hearts of flowers Are whispered through me; . .. ” Could any words express more exquisitely than these the spirit of ‘tranquil repose’ discerned by the poet-seer in the familiar aspects of nature about him? “Tt dwells in the quiet silence, Unseen upon hill and plain, ’Tis lapped by the tideless harmonies, It soars with the lonely crane.” It is such a worshipper of nature who bares his head ‘‘while some far thrush the silence stirs,” and as he scans the sky, welcoming now some early flock of wild geese, or reveling in flowers, and making the world his ‘dream- ing-place,’ voices the feeling of every one who loves nature and finds in it rest and never-ending refreshment. Who has not, at times at least, felt himself in ‘a world apart,’ like the ancient Taoist philosopher, exiled and a wanderer, going by the title of the “Old Fisherman of the Mists and Waters,” (though as he explained, “he spent his time in angling, but used no bait, his object not being to catch fish’’)? These are the lines of his poem entitled: A WORLD APART “The Lady Moon is my lover, I would liefer follow the condor My friends are the oceans four, Or the seagull, soaring from ken, The heavens have roofed me over, Than bury my godhead yonder And the dawn is my golden door. In the dust of the whirl of men.” The Audubon Societies 103 There have been poets without number gathering hidden treasure since the days of these long dead singers of the East, but I may call your attention to only one at this time, Emily Dickinson, a rare New England genius, whose verses convey delicately traced pictures and a subtle charm reminding one of the Oriental poets. We may wonder if she herself felt this when she wrote THE SEA OF SUNSET “This is the land the sunset washes, These are the banks of the Yellow Sea; Where it rose, or whither it rushes, These are the western mystery! “Night after night her purple traffic Strews the landing with opal bales; Merchantmen poise upon horizons, Dip, and vanish with fairy sails.” Find her thin volumes of poems, so overflowing with treasure, and look there for ‘May-flower,’ ‘Purple Clover,’ ‘Summer Shower,’ ‘The Snake,’ ‘Out of the Morning,’ ‘Mother Nature,’ ‘The Grass,’ “The Oriole’s Secret,’ ‘In the Garden,’ ‘The Bluebird,’ ‘April.’ All of her poems are short. Two you may enjoy memorizing. THE ROBIN ‘The robin is the one That interrupts the morn With hurried, few, express reports When March is scarcely on. “The robin is the one “The robin is the one That overflows the noon With her cherubic quantity, An April but begun. That speechless from her nest Submits that home and certainty And sanctity are best.”’ THE SLEEPING FLOWERS “« ‘Whose are the little beds,’ I asked, ‘Which in the valleys lie?’ Some shook their heads, and others smiled, And no one made reply. ‘* “Perhaps they did not hear,’ I said; ‘I will inquire again. Whose are the beds, the tiny beds So thick upon the plain?’ ‘Tis daisy in the shortest; A little farther on, Nearest the door to wake the first, Little leontodon. “* Tis iris, sir, and aster, Anemone and bell, Batschia in the blanket red, And chubby daffodil.’ “Meanwhile at many cradles Her busy foot she plied, Humming the quaintest lullaby That ever rocked a child. ““Hush! Epigea wakens! The crocus stirs her lids, Rhodora’s cheek is crimson,— She’s dreaming of the woods.’ “Then, turning from them, reverent, ‘Their bed-time ’tis,’ she said; ‘The bumble-bees will wake them When April woods are red.’ ” 104 Bird- Lore SUGGESTIONS Where does wistaria grow? cassia? Where do azaleas grow? orchids? Why does the poet say ‘“‘stealihy floods of night?” What kinds of waterfowl go to cover ‘among the sedges?”’ Why does the poet say “‘sundrawn’’ seed? What is the picture of the yellow dusk winding around the city wall? Who are “‘the golden builders in the trees?”’ Why did the poet write ‘‘warm’’ trees? Do Swallows ‘‘dabble in the ooze,” that is, gather mud? What are the “‘tideless harmonies?” To what does the “‘cherubic quantity” of the Robin refer? To what habit of nesting does the word ‘‘speechless’’ refer? Do any birds ever sing on the nest? What flower is leontodon? batschia? epigaea? rhodora? What do these words mean? Do you find the poets’ treasure in these quotations? Look up treasure-trove. Note spelling of all nouns given above. Read ‘The Rhodora,’ by Emerson.—A. H. W. FOR AND FROM ADULT AND YOUNG OBSERVERS THE VALUE OF CHARTS AND PICTURES OF BIRDS I am inclosing a picture of the Junior Audubon Society at Traverse, Minne- sota, taken in April. Last October, we formed the club and have had a meeting each month until school closed. At each one we studied a different bird, using the leaflets. Many interesting things were learned about birds and we have all enjoyed the work very much.—Caro.inE D. Lutuer, Waterville, Minn. JUNIOR AUDUBON SOCIETY AT TRAVERSE, MINNESOTA The Audubon Societies 10s [It is an encouraging feature of the School Department to receive so many welcome reports of bird-study in schools successfully and profitably carried on to the enjoyment of both teachers and pupils. From time to time, in these columns, suggestions are made or criticisms offered as to the value of bird-charts and pictures. Do not forget that in bird- and nature-study the most important thing is to /earn to observe at first-hand. The living bird, tree, or flower in its native habitat is the real bird, tree, or flower, the one we want to become more and more familiar with and learn to love and understand and cherish. Pictures and charts are valuable aids but they do not take one far in an actual acquaintance with nature,which is the basis of the nature-student’s knowledge. Use them then with discrimination, remembering their limitations —A. H. W.] A PLAYLET FOR BIRD AND ARBOR DAY EXERCISES TENNYSON’S BROOK (Sung) BretH.—([writing] The music of that brook makes a lovely setting for my paper on Audubon, for birds always haunt a brook. [Aloud] John James Audubon was born near New Orleans in 1780. (My! almost a century and a half ago!) When he was a very tiny child, he tried to draw the birds he saw in the woods around him. His father was a French naval officer, so of course he wanted his son to enter the navy and he had teachers to prepare him for this career. His drawing-master set him to sketching horses’ heads, but John seized every opportunity to draw his beloved birds. Finally his father realized that he could not be anything but an artist. Audubon painted his birds in their natural colors and, what was just as important, in their natural positions, something that no previous artist had ever done. Some of the greatest scholars in Europe and America were his personal friends, and surely it is fitting that he should be the founder of the society for the protection of birds. : Joun.—l|rushing in with egg in his hand] Sis, see this cunning little egg! I think it is a Robin’s. Breta.—Did you rob a bird’s-nest? Joun.—No, I’m not that kind. I found it on the ground and thought you’d like it for your Audubon Club meeting this afternoon. Betu.—John, you ought to do something to stop the destruction of birds. I saw a number of boys with bean-shooters the other day, right here in this neighborhood. Joun.—Well, I do try to stop them, but, Sis, I think if they knew more about birds they wouldn’t be so cruel. BetH.—Well you can relieve them of a little of their ignorance. Tell them that man would perish from the earth in seven years if it wasn’t for the birds. Joun.—[rubbing head] That’s pretty strong. How do you make that out? Bretu.—Why, they eat the insects which destroy the food that the farmers plant for us to eat. Birds have an enormous appetite; they eat much more than their own weight. One bird alone eats hundreds of different kinds of insects, caterpillars, and mosquitos. Here is a pamphlet [taking it up and reading from it] published by the Department of Agriculture of the United States. Among other things it says that the Cuckoo eats so many caterpillars that its stomach is lined with hairs; this bird also eats beetles, spiders, and grasshoppers. Wi1L.—That’s all right, Beth. Everything you say is true, but boys are not the only creatures cruel to birds. What about the 10,000,000 birds used in this country in one season to decorate women’s hats? And you know those most costly feathers which ladies like to wear, called aigrettes, are taken from a beautiful bird called the White 106 Bird - Lore Heron. This aigrette is cruelly/torn from the body of the mother bird while she is caring for her young, and when the mother is killed, of course, the little ones die. Bretu.—The Audubon Society has been steadily fighting this evil. New York state and many other states have passed laws to protect the birds, and I assure you we don’t wear feathers of any kind on our hats; flowers and ribbons are good enough for us. Of course we could wear Ostrich feathers, because those are plucked harmlessly. WiLL.—O, yes, they are all right. Bretu.—The girls will soon be here to give their reports on birds for the past two weeks. Please stay. I think you will be interested, and we want your help. [Five or six girls come running in, put hats down and seat themselves.] Grace.—Well, I’ve been to the woods to get some information from the birds themselves. I saw the dearest Song Sparrow, a little brown bird you know, much like the English Sparrow, only he has spots on his breast. I watched him sitting on top of a bush and singing “‘Sweet, sweet, sweet, very merry cheer’ [turning leaves of her book], and then, away in the deep woods, I heard a voice calling, ‘“Teacher, teacher, teacher.’ REBECCA.—O, yes, the Oven-bird! That’s a little brown bird too! GRACE [continues]—and when I drew near the entrance again, I saw a whole colony of Wrens. There was a tiny bird-house on a porch and the mother Wren was going in to feed her babies. The Wrens also are brown and very small; but oh! their notes are so sweet and rapid that they just tumble over one another, and I couldn’t attempt to imitate them. FLORENCE.—And I have been up to Bronx Park; one has a splendid opportunity to study birds there, because they have a large inclosure filled with the various song-birds, and they are all named. OrTHERS.—Isn’t that fine! FLORENCE [continues]—But I wandered out into the adjoining woods, and saw the first bird of spring, the one that carries the sky on his back. Mir1Am.—The Bluebird! FLORENCE [continues]—and as I was standing very quietly under a tree, a Wood Thrush came down on a near-by branch and said, “‘Who are you, who are you?” and I was so thrilled with delight that I didn’t answer his question. MiriAmM.—What a charming experience, but what wouldn’t I give to hear a Hermit Thrush! His song is like a beautiful hymn, and I suppose it would be almost irreverent to try to imitate that. HELEN.—How was the Wood Thrush dressed? FLORENCE.—He wore a coat of cinnamon-brown and a vest of gray splashed with brown spots. Marion.—Well, my report is from a place nearer home, our own Prospect Park. I suppose you know over seventy varieties of birds can be seen there. The Purple Grackles are very common; the grass is simply black with these big birds. If I had an old wheelbarrow here, I could show you what the Grackle says, because it is a squeak. Farther out, as I was going through the deep grass, I heard distinctly these words, “You can’t see me, you can’t see me,”’ and sure enough I couldn’t, for the deep grass hid him completely. HeiLen K.—That’s the Meadowlark. Down at Nantucket I used to hear him all day. He is a beautiful, large bird with a coat of dark brown and throat and breast of bright yellow. Hetren D.—I wish I could have seen him, but I did see a Woodpecker, dear little downy fellow, drilling away on the trunk of a tree as if his work in the world was the work that must be done. GERTRUDE.—Yes, he saves the trees by eating the insects. ResBecca.—Who says, “‘Cheer up, cheer up, cheer up?” The Audubon Societies 107 A.i.—The Robin! REBECCA.—Well, as you know, we have some trees in our back yard, and I have been trying to attract the birds this year. GERTRUDE.—Oh, tell us what you did! I always put crumbs out for them. ResBeccaA.—I nailed a tin cup filled with sugar and water in one tree, and another with crumbs in a second tree. I also fastened bones in the branches, and a piece of suet as large as your two hands, and you should have seen the result. The Blue Jay arrived with his outlandish voice, but handsome blue coat and topknot, and the little Chick-a- dee-dee-dee, and the Junco who stays with us all winter, and now the dear Robins. They have built their nest of mud and straw, not so pretty as the Oriole’s hanging nest to be sure, but it is very interesting to watch the family life in it. The mother Robin is an excellent disciplinarian; she visits each child in turn with a delicious worm, and if any youngster is inclined to be piggish, she raps him with her bill. NELLIE.—[rushing in and fanning herself; all say ‘“‘Hello!’’] I just got off the train! Where do you think I’ve been? to Riverby on the Hudson, to visit Mr. John Bur- roughs, the greatest living naturalist! See, I have his picture here. MrrtamM.—What an honor! but tell us what you did. WiLL.—Beg pardon, but isn’t Henry Ford, the auto manufacturer, a friend of Mr. Burroughs? NELLIE.—Yes, and Mr. Ford is a great lover of birds. His whole estate is one vast bird sanctuary. He has bird-houses and feeding-stations and every known comfort to attract and protect the birds. Well, Mr. Burroughs himself met us at the station. You know he is seventy-nine years old, but you should have seen him crank up his Ford car; he says he has to work or people might think he was getting old. On the way up to his house, he pointed out to us a rare bird’s nest, or a delicate flower, or an odd tree that we might not have noticed at all. Then he took us to his famous study in the woods called “Slabsides.’”? You can’t imagine what a delightful companion Mr. Burroughs is,—why he knows the name of everything in nature, even the different kinds of rocks! Joun.—I’m thinking, didn’t Mr. Burroughs in his youth live in Washington and know Mr. Lincoln? NELLIE.—Yes, he had a Government position. Joun.—Well, I wonder if you know that story about Mr. Lincoln and the birds. He and a party of gentlemen were riding off to attend to a business matter of importance, when Mr. Lincoln saw two birds that had fallen out of their nest. After several minutes Mr. Lincoln said, ‘‘Gentlemen, I must return and put those two birds back into their nest.” WitL.—All great men seem to have loved birds. Nearly every poet has written about them. Shelley sang of the Skylark, Keats of the Nightingale, and of our own poets, Celia Thaxter’s ‘Sandpiper,’ and Longfellow’s ‘Birds of Killingworth,’ are dear to every one. Bretu.—Yes, and isn’t it Emerson who says, “Hast thou named all the birds without a gun? Loved the wood-rose and left it on its stalk? O, be my friend, and teach me to be thine.” [This simple but suggestive playlet has sufficient action, if well presented, to make an effective part of a Bird and Arbor Day program. Added interest would be gained if the following articles were shown at the proper moment to illustrate the spoken lines: a picture of Audubon and one of his bird pictures if a copy can be secured; a bean- shooter; a picture of the aigrette being torn from the Egret Herons and also, a picture of the Heron in perfect nuptial plumage; a picture of John Burroughs and one of Mr. Ford’s bird sanctuary. Hung up on the wall might also be pictures of the various birds mentioned in the playlet with portraits of the poets named and of Abraham Lincoln. 108 Bird - Lore The quotation from Emerson’s lines emphasizes again the value which poets attach to Nature’s treasures. In her quaint, delicate way, Emily Dickinson, too, warns the ruthless trespasser who plucks every flower, especially the rarest, and who asserts his supposed right to trample upon or destroy anything which comes to his notice: “Who robbed the woods, The trusting woods? The unsuspecting trees Brought out their burrs and mosses His fantasy to please. He scanned their trinkets, curious, He grasped, he bore away. What will the solemn hemlock, What will the fir-tree say?” If Bird and Arbor Day teaches anything, it is this lesson of the right use and enjoy- ment of Nature. The playlet given above was written by Eva Marian Provost in the interest of the Audubon Society and presented at School, No. 167, Brooklyn, N. Y. ‘“‘As a result of the enthusiasm it awakened,” twelve Junior Audubon Societies were formed during the year.—A. H. W.] THE SKYLARK AT HOME Dorking, Surrey, England, July 9, 1905. Took a walk after breakfast. There was a continuous singing of Larks, soft and low, all over the fields of standing grain, and once in a while a bird would rise, ascend higher than the trees, and hover in the air, pouring out liquid trills, and after a minute would drop to the ground. I was enchanted at this, for I had feared it was getting too late in the summer to hear a Skylark. The best was to come, however. One started up, singing, and continued soaring around and gradually rising higher and higher, up and up, until it was a tiny speck which it was hard to keep in sight in the bright sky. Leaning against a fence- post, I tipped my umbrella toward the sun to protect my eyes from the glare, so that I could watch the singer, which was almost in the zenith. Once I lost it,“but knew it was there, for the sweet, unceasing trilling music still floated down. The bird kept in the sky fully five minutes, perhaps longer. Then it descended slowly, growing larger to the sight, and, just at the last, stopping its circling, it came down in a straight line, still keeping up its sing- ing until it alighted. It was worth crossing the ocean to hear that Skylark sing.—Muiss Lucy Upton, Providence, R. I. [The writer of the above, an invalid who now is able to observe birds only occa- sionally from her room, which overlooks a few trees in a somewhat open corner of a city street, has so fine an appreciation of nature that her words, not originally intended for publication, will appeal to us all, expressing as they do the result of keen observa- tion and sympathetic understanding. She says: “I have been trying to analyze the fascination of bird-study, as compared with other lines of nature-study. It does appeal more to me. My recreation hobby for years was botany, and it gave me much pleasure. I was nearly fifty before I began to pay any attention to birds and I have often regretted that I had no interest in them The Audubon Societies 109 when I was young. The only desire I could have for beginning life over again would be that I might have more intimacy with birds. I have had a few lovely experiences that I would like to share with you.” Read Shelley’s Skylark and memorize it, a simple task that will bring you much joy.—A. H. W.] AN ALBINO CROW One day in late spring I noticed a flock of Crows with a white bird among them. The Crows lit on a corn-piece and began to dig up the little corn. I looked on for awhile and then shouted at them. They all rose from the ground, the white bird taking the lead. That was the last I saw of them that day. The next day I saw the white Crow again. It sat on a fence-post and cawed like a Crow. It was just the size of a black Crow. One morning last summer I saw another white Crow. It cawed to the rest and they flew and it took the lead——RoceEr D. PINKHAM (age 12 years), Lancaster, N. H. [Albino birds, like albino creatures of any kind, are rare, so mark it as a red-letter day when you see one. In certain lights, white is a more striking color than red or blue or green, and it plays a decidedly important part in animal and plant coloration. See Chapman’s ‘Handbook,’ pp. 92-96, and also, when visiting museums look for exhibits demonstrating this fact—A. H. W.] a MY REAL ESTATE BUSINESS I entered the real estate business in 1913, and my first advertisement was put in the ‘Bird News’ of our country place. I had five houses for rent, three for Wrens and two for Bluebirds. They were nailed on shady trees which grew quite near together. My first caller was a Wren who looked a little white house over carefully but was much displeased with the doorway. She peeped into the house and then called for her mate. This she repeated three times before her husband arrived. Both went in but came right out and immediately left. I found out later that the doorway was made entirely wrong, and to make it comfortable and cozy I would have to bore the door hole at least an inch above the floor. I did so and the next summer the house was occupied by a family of Wrens, who paid well for the rent. I then repaired all of my houses the same way only making the Bluebirds’ doorway larger. I was so encouraged that summer that I bought more houses, and the increase of feathered neighbors was greatly noticed. In the winter I decided to keep lunch-counters and they were supplied daily with suet, sunflower seeds, millet, and wheat. My chief visitors were the White-breasted Nuthatches, and a stream of them was as continuous as a stream of water flowing into the ocean, only their ocean was the food-counter. Downy Woodpeckers were seen quite often at the counters, and Flickers and Juncos. Song and Tree Sparrows came occasionally, and toward the end of winter they were almost as regular visitors as the Nuthatches. TIO Bird - Lore This summer, 1916, more birds have rented my houses than the two last summers could total. English Sparrows are seen little around the house, and I am glad to say that I have more than twenty houses, besides food-counters and -shelves, and I am planning to buy more houses and I hope to have many bathing-places before next summer, so I can call our five-acre lawn a real bird sanctuary.—SARAH W. WEAVER (age 13), ‘‘Clynmalira,’ Monkton, Md. [We have few more active bird-students than the writer of this article which spells enjoyment of nature in every word. ‘I now have a branch of the Audubon Society,” she writes, “and I belong to the Maryland Wild Bird Protective Association. I am studying and hope to be a bird lecturer when I am older.’’ We need more people who are really acquainted with birds and nature to give talks in schools and elsewhere.— A. H. W.] THE TRUTH ABOUT CATS AND BIRDS There is a very curious thing going on at our house. And what is it? You shall hear about it now. There are two Mockingbirds around our home that started it all by chirp- ing so much one morning that my grandmother looked out of her window to see what all the fuss was about, and there was a cat, and one of the Mocking- birds, and the Mockingbird would fly down and pick the cat and then fly up before the cat could get it. And one day Mother came running and said, ‘“‘Come out and see the Mockingbird’s nest.”” So I went out and there was the Mockingbird’s nest. And there were three huge mouths that belonged to the little Mockingbirds, and we could see their heads sticking up out of the nest. One day there was a terrible downpour of rain. And next day there was only one little Mockingbird left. And you see the Mockingbirds picked all the cats that came near the nest because they were afraid the cats would catch them. We are sure that the rain drowned the other two little Mockingbirds. That afternoon Mother looked all around on the ground, but she didn’t see them. But one morning, before seven o’clock, I heard the Mockingbirds calling, so I got up and looked out of my window, and there was one of our cats, and there was the poor little Mockingbird and twice the cat attacked the little Mockingbird, but we scared the cat away. Then when our cook, Ellen, came in she put the bird on the fence, but it flew right down into the next yard. And this is the end.—Lovuise RoBINSON KING (7 years), Charleston, S.C. {If you have not read Sidney Lanier’s delightful story about a pet Mockingbird, be sure to get it soon. It would be a charming selection to read aloud at a Junior Audubon Society meeting. As to cats and birds, don’t try to apologize for cats or to excuse them for wanting to destroy birds. It is their natural habit, and the sensible thing is to remem- ber this and to discover some way whereby cats and birds can be kept apart. Mr. Howard Cleaves in an admirable illustrated lecture upon matters connected with bird- The Audubon Sevieties III banding and bird-protection, shows a device whereby cats can be given ample outdoor space under piazzas, well latticed. Those who like cats and wish to keep them ought, in justice to their neighbors who may not like cats, as well as in justice to birds and the cats themselves, adopt some sim- ple, effective way of giving their pets outdoor exercise without endangering bird-life or encroaching upon the rights of others. Let us use tact in this matter, but at the same time let us do something sensible and to the point. The little girl who sent in this interesting contribution wrote down her observations with ‘“‘absolutely no help of any kind.”—A. H. W.] A FAMILY OF FOREST BABIES *T was a glorious morn in springtime When all Nature was astir; All around the birds were singing And the insects were awhir. Along the country roadside Violets raised their faces bright, And where’er one looked or listened There was beauty and delight. We were on our way to school And our pleasure ever grew When we found a bird or blossom Or a creature that was new. Driving up a wooded mountain We were suddenly surprised By a whirring rush and flutter Right before our very eyes. *T was a frightened mother Partridge With her brood just off the nest, And, to save her young, she flew Swiftly ’gainst the horse’s breast. Instantly we made a halt. What was this we had espied? Baby Partridges so young That they had not learned to hide! Scattered all about the roadway— ‘Twas the rarest sight to see— Were the sweetest, dearest babies Found in Nature’s nursery. Then we caught one—yes, twas true, A baby Partridge—what a prize! We must hold it and see closer Those most wondrous sparkling eyes. It was only one brief moment That we were so greatly blessed; Then reluctantly, but gently, It was placed among the rest, For the frantic mother Partridge Flew at us in great concern. ’*T was a most important lesson That such wee babes had to learn. Soon with sudden understanding They all did as they were bidden, And with their devoted mother Quickly under leaves were hidden. So this kindergarten lesson For the forest children bright, Most impressively was taught And observed with great delight. Thus does every baby Partridge Learn the lesson, too, I ween, But seldom are we humans blessed By beholding such a scene. —Miss ADELAIDE L. Moore, Winsted, Conn. [The incident described is vouched for by the writer, to “the truth of every word.” Another correspondent sends notes about a brood of nine little Partridges, which at the time of writing were “‘only a day or two old . . . too young to know any fear.”’ He adds, “‘a week longer and you could not get near one.” —A. H. W.] THE SAGE GROUSE By T- GILBERT PEARSON Qhe Pational Association of Audubon Societies EDUCATIONAL LEAFLET NO. 91 On a beautiful July evening our little party left the open waters of Lower Klamath Lake and slowly made its way up a combined creek and canal to Laird’s Landing. At the little wharf the Audubon patrol-boat ‘Grebe’ came to rest, and we stepped out to find before us the ranch-buildings of a small stock-raiser lying in a semi-circle of ragged desert hills that rose in uneven terraces to the distant horizon. A Western Meadowlark was singing in the yard and numerous Mourning Doves, the most ubiquitous bird in North America, were flying about. In the one small cluster of trees within sight Bullock’s Orioles were nesting. Snipe and Phalaropes were brooding their eggs in the neighboring marsh, and a Western Horned Owl had only the night before moved her young from the big barn to the trees where the Orioles’ hammock nests swung. These evidences of bird-life were noted within a few minutes after landing, but we had come in quest of something else—we sought a certain bird which the writer had never seen. There were plenty in the neighborhood we were told, and to find them we need only walk out on the sage-clad hills. The country had once been an interminable jumble of lava beds disgorged from a heated and groaning earth. On every hand lay blocks of black volcanic rock, but the rain and frost of centuries had worn away the igneous mass and made the soil that now furnished a scanty foothold for the sage. Over these silent wastes we walked. Twice we were saluted by the song of the Sage Thrasher, and thrice the trilling, canary-like notes of the Brewer’s Sparrow were borne to our ears. Suddenly, only a few feet distant, a large bird burst from cover and went rushing away through the air at a good rate. To my startled gaze it seemed almost as large as a Turkey, although probably it weighed not more than four pounds. Its flight was distinctive. Turning its body to the left it gave four hasty wing-beats, then sailed on an even keel, only to turn to the right in another moment and repeat the performance. Thus alternately sailing and flying, while turning its body first to one side and then to the other, it pursued its course for perhaps a third of a mile and dropped again among the sage-brush. We had found the object we sought, the great Sage Grouse of the desert plains, the largest Grouse in the world save the Capercaillie of Europe. From bill-tip to tail-tip a grown male measures two and a half feet, and the expanse of its wings is a yard or more. This was near the northern boundary of California and at almost the westernmost limit of the bird’s range. (112) SAGE GROUSE Order—GALLIna Family—TETRAONIDA Genus—CENTROCERCUS Species—uUROPHASIANUS National Association of Audubon Societies The Sage Grouse 113 The haunt of the Sage Hen corresponds very nearly to that portion of North America where the sage-brush grows; thus it is found in southern British Columbia and southern Alberta, and thence southward through eastern Oregon, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, Colorado, Nevada, Utah and eastern California. The southern limit of their range is reached when the desert growth turns from sage-brush to creosote in northern Arizona and New Mexico. Throughout all this vast region this feathered monarch of the plains was at one time abundant. Formerly it was not extensively shot for the reason that antelope, deer, and other larger game were usually to be met with. With the passing of the big game and the introduction of breech-loading guns, a sad change has come over the fortunes of the Sage Hen. In some remote corners of the West where hunters rarely penetrate, these naturally trusting birds are so tame at times that one may knock them over with a stick. As a general thing, however, they have learned a proper dread of their human enemies, and in many sections where the remnants of the former flocks are still to be found it is frequently difficult to approach within shooting distance before the birds take wing. This Grouse feeds very largely on the leaves of the sage-brush, and its flesh is at times strongly permeated with the odor of this plant. Hence, experi- enced Westerners seldom shoot the old birds, for their flesh is tough and strong, and unless prepared by a master cook is usually regarded as totally unfit for food. Irwin Cobb, after such an experience, named the bird ‘The Battle Hen of the Republic.’ Young birds of the year that have fed largely on grass- hoppers and other insects are regarded as being a choice food, and are esteemed as highly as the Ruffed Grouse or Bob-White. In the deserts around Burns, Oregon, I found the rangers quite able to distinguish between the old and young when the birds rose from the ground. That the young are quite as good as any game bird in the land was proven to me by the delicious repast set before me by some of the good people of this arid country. The Sage Grouse are entirely terrestrial; living in regions where trees are rare they have never acquired the habit of alighting ona limb. Experienced gunners speak with admiration of the bird’s ability to hide on the ground where there is extremely little cover, the only possible protection being the low growth of scattered sage-brush. Observers have long noted that the feathers on the breast of the male Sage Grouse are often found in a worn and frayed condition, which would seem to indicate that this portion of the plumage, for some reason, receives much rougher treatment than elsewhere on the body. An explanation of this and also some interesting notes on the bird’s behavior during the breeding-season was published some years ago in The Auk by Mr. Frank Bond who, while living in the West, had abundant opportunities to observe the activities of this interesting bird. “The peculiar feathers of the breast of the Sage Cock,’ he writes, “are more or less faithfully described by every ornithologist who has published a II4 Bird - Lore sketch of the bird; but as yet I have seen no explanation of the cause of the wearing away of the barbs and even shafts of the feathers of the lower neck. These feathers are worn away during that period of sexual excitement which causes many birds to develop odd and eccentric habits until the nuptial season is passed. The Sage Cock is unable to produce the musical booming sound of the Prairie Chicken, the forcible expulsion of the air from the sacs producing an inconsequential chuckling noise only; nevertheless the bird offers reasonable entertainment to any individual who will rise early and stroll out into the sage- brush a hundred yards from the campfire. “During the months of April and May the Sage Cocks are usually found in small flocks of a half dozen or more, stalking about with tails erect and spread after the manner of the strutting Turkey cock, but I have never seen the Grouse dragging their wings upon the ground, turkey fashion, and in the manner described by Dr. Newberry in the quotation from this author found on page 406 of Dr. Coues’ ‘Birds of the Northwest,’ nor have I ever found a wing of a Sage Cock, in this or any other season, which exhibites the slightest wearing away of the primaries. Instead of dragging its wings upon the ground, the Sage Cock will enormously inflate the air-sacs of the neck until the whole neck and breast is balloon-like in appearance, then stooping forward, almost the entire weight of the body is thrown upon the distended portion, and the birds slides along on the bare ground or short grass for some distance, the performance being concluded by the expulsion of the air from the sacs with a variety of chuckling, cackling, or rumbling sounds. This performance is continued prob- ably daily, during the pairing and nesting season, and of course the feathers are worn away by the constant friction.” Mr. E. S. Cameron, who has studied the habits of the Sage Grouse in Montana, makes further comments on the peculiar antics of these birds when in spring the mating instinct becomes strongly developed. In part he says: “During the first half of April the males repair to a regular ‘playground,’ but it is a difficult matter to observe their love-antics on account of the encom- passing sage. However, on April 7, 1896, my wife and I happened to ride close upon a number of old cocks, near our ranch, which were engaged with their play in a small open space. They never fought nor threatened each other, but strutted or paraded before some hens concealed in the sage-bushes, and were entirely occupied with a most grotesque rivalry. By ruffling up all their feathers, spreading their tails, and dragging their wings along the ground, they looked much larger than they really were, while they produced a rattling sound with their quills after the manner of Turkey cocks and Peafowl. At the same time they continuously uttered a kind of whistling challenge, and, distending their necks by means of their air-sacs, erected an enormous white ruff. As the play- ground was small, the eight or nine cocks upon it were in imminent danger of a collision, but for the ten minutes that we watched them this did not take place, nor were there any moments of ecstatic oblivion for which some game- The Sage Grouse IIS birds are famous. As will be seen from the above their courtship is rather a display than a ‘play,’ thus differing from the performance of the Sharp-tailed Grouse. Like all Grouse, this species has its nest on the ground. This consists of a slight hollow, usually under the shelter of a sage-bush, but sometimes it may be found under a bunch of high grass in the neighborhood of some stream or small body of water. Occasionally one may come across a nest containing a slight lining of grass-blades, or of sage-brush, twigs, or leaves, but more often there is no lining of any character. In number the eggs range from six to nine. They are olive-buff or greenish brown in color, and are prettily marked with round spots of dark brown. As already intimated, the food of the Sage Hen, to a considerable extent, is composed of the leaves of the sage-brush, but the birds also eat other leaves, tender plants, and even blossoms. Grasshoppers, ants, and such other insects as are available are also consumed. I have never heard a farmer complain of a Sage Grouse injuring his growing crops except in rare instances, although this may occur to a very limited extent. Perhaps one reason for the lack of com- plaints is that when a district becomes thickly settled, and contains many farms where crops might be injured, the birds have become so depleted by shooting that any destruction they may do is hardly noticeable. The time has arrived in the history of the Sage Grouse when it is necessary that more restrictive measures should be enacted and enforced for its pro- tection if the bird is to be spared from the fate of the antelope, which at one time existed in great numbers over a large part of the range in which the Sage Grouse still persists. It is true that laws have been enacted for their protection, but these are not adequate; for instance, in Idaho, the birds may be shot for three and a half months, and in Nevada, four and a half months each year. This is entirely too long a season, especially when we take into consideration that the bag- limit, or in other words the number of birds that may legally be killed in a day, is ten in Nevada and in Idaho, twelve. Thus it will be seen that in Idaho the law permits a man to kill legally not less than 1,176 Sage Grouse in a single season. The state of Washington has already taken steps in the right direction by permitting an open season of only fifteen days, that is from October 15 to November 1, and allowing a bag-limit of only five birds daily. Che Audubon Docieties EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. Edited by T. GILBERT PEARSON, Secretary Address all correspondence, and send all remittances for dues and contributions, to the National Association of Audubon Societies, 1974 Broadway, New York City. Witt1am DutcuHer, President Freperic A. Lucas, Acting President THEODORE S. PALMER, First Vice-President T. GrtBerT PEARSON, Secretary JONATHAN Dwicut, JR., Treasurer SAMUEL T. CARTER, JR., Attorney Any person, club, school or company in sympathy with the objects of this Association may become a member of it, and all are welcome. Classes of Membership in the National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals: $5 annually pays for a Sustaining Membership $100 paid at one time constitutes a Life Membership $1,000 constitutes a person a Patron $5,000 constitutes a person a Founder $25,000 constitutes a person a Benefactor Form or Bequest:—I do hereby give and bequeath to the National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals (Incorporated), of the City of New York. THE MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY BILL In the last issue of Brrp-Lore reference was made to a bill introduced in Congress on January 13, 1917, by. Representative Flood of Virginia, the purpose of which was to give force and power to the treaty for the protection of migratory birds rat- ified between this country and Great Britain on December 7, 1916. That Treaty, it will be recalled, covers the main provisions of the McLean Law for the protection of migratory birds enacted in 1913, concerning the constitutionality of which some question has béen raised. The same day that Mr. Flood took this action a similar bill was introduced in the Senate by Senator Hitchcock of Kansas, and was referred to the Committee on Agriculture. As the session of Congress this year ter- minated on March 4, it was apparent from the beginning that energetic action must be taken if we hoped to get a considera- tion of the measure in the jam of legisla- tive work that Congress must consider. This Association at once began an active campaign in its interest. Many circulars were sent to members, affiliated societies and clubs, and to persons throughout the country who, it was thought, would be interested in learning of the situation. As a result thousands of letters and telegrams were despatched to the Senators and Con- gressmen requesting their support. The Secretary of the Association spent most of the time in Washington during the last six weeks of Congress. At the expense of the Association, John H. Wallace, of Alabama, and Alva Clapp, of Kansas, went to Washington to consult with their Repre- sentatives and acquaint them with the sentiment at home on the subject. As a result of the educational work thus done, an abundance of votes was secured in both Houses to pass the bill if it could be brought up for consideration. With some amendments the bill was reported favor- ably by the Foreign Relations Committee in the House and the Agricultural Com- mittee in the Senate, but further than this no action was taken. As our readers are well aware there was an unprecedented amount of delay and confusion in reference to many adminis- trative bills during the closing days of Con- gress. An immense amount of good work however, was accomplished, and at the special session of our national lawmakers called for April 16, 1917, the bill will again be introduced and its consideration will be pressed. (116) The Audubon Societies 117 HOSTS OF WATER-FOWL IN LOUISIANA Mr. E. A. MclIlhenny, who keeps well- informed as to conditions about the bird- refugesin southern Louisiana, and to whose skill and generosity we owe the admirable photograph accompanying this article, reports, in a letter quoted below, that water-fowl are extraordinarily plentiful there. “The past summer was most favorable for the growth of duck-feed, and the mar- Scaups and Redheads occupied the lakes of this tract and the State Game Preserve. On Marsh Island vast numbers of Gad- walls, Baldpates, and Mallards were to be found, and great numbers of Blue Geese, with a few Snow Geese, occupied Marsh Island throughout the entire au- tumn. These Geese later moved to the Grand Chenier tract in the vicinity of Constances Bayou, where they congre- DUCKS IN WINTER ON A LOUISIANA REFUGE shes, ponds, and lakes were filled with all kinds of the most attractive feed for Ducks and Geese; and in the early fall the Ducks and Geese came in enormous quantities. The fall and early winter were very dry, and the birds congregated in amazing numbers wherever there was water. The principal centers for bird-population were: for Pintails, Mallards, and Teal, on both sides of the Grand Chenier Ridge; for Mallards and Teals on the Ward-Mcll- henny tract, between the camp and the Gulf; and great quantities of Canvasbacks, gated in enormous numbers, and where there are still a great number. At present there are more Ducks on the Louisiana State Preserve than I have ever known there. On the lake near my camp I esti- mate there are 40,000 Canvasbacks; and on the Louisiana State Game Preserve and Lake Fearman, and on the North and South lakes, vast numbers of Canvasbacks, Scaups, Baldpates and Gadwalls. Teal are everywhere, and the present winter has shown a greater wild-fowl population on the Louisiana refuges than ever before.”’ 118 Bird - Lore THE AMSTON EXPERIMENT STATION Readers of Brrp-Lore, and of the Annual Report of the National Association, are aware that Mr. Charles M. Ams has ac- quired an immense tract of virtually wild land in eastern Connecticut, and has fitted up in one of the lakes within it a model breeding-place for wild ducks to be cul- tivated in captivity. Mr. Ams has now AS ay i ~~ si: As ‘le htinas portance. The planting of food-bearing vegetation will be carried out in a way to teach the public what and how to plant. For beginning the propagation of wild water-fowl an ideal small pond and adjoin- ing swamp- and grass-land have been en- closed with a seven-foot, vermin-proof fence. A water-fowl breeding-house out in SCENE IN THE GLASS BREEDING-HOUSE AT AMSTON When this photograph was taken, ten species of Ducks were swimming about in comfort, although the tempcrature outside was 15° below zero declared the entire tract a wild-life sanc- tuary, and has posted it accordingly. Fur- ther, he has signed an agreement giving the National Association of Audubon Societies full use of the property as a sanctuary and experiment station under the oversight of Herbert K. Job. Mr. Ams pays all expenses for work mutually agreed upon, and pro- vides the necessary labor, including the services of an expert game-keeper. At the Experiment Station nesting and feeding devices will be placed with a view of collecting various data of practical im- the pond, with glass front, comprising a swimming-pool and float, has been con- structed, and the breeding stock already obtained has wintered finely. It consists of most of the more important and valuable species of North American wild Ducks, and some other water-birds. Unusual facili- ties will be afforded for scientific and practical studies, including the growing of aquatic food-plants. Stocks of the Bob-white and of the Scaled Partridge or ‘Blue Quail’ have been secured, and codperative experimental The Audubon Societies work elsewhere with other species is under way, which later will be centered here. A large commercial game-farm is to be estab- lished near by, and may be visited for purposes of further instruction. Need has long been felt of some place reasonably accessible where all these prac- tical methods with wild birds and game could be observed and studied. To accom- modate visitors and students, Mr. Ams is opening a small hotel and a public gar- age. Also, he has placed at the disposal of the Association an attractive house, in which will be placed an exhibit of bird- specimens for study, pictures of birds, Audubon literature, and apparatus for feeding and attracting birds. Mr. Pearson, Mr. Job, and others will be in attendance during the coming summer season, and will be glad to meet and interest those who come. There is good fishing, boating, and 119g bathing on the large lake, which is less than a mile from the railroad station, while the hotel and exhibit are close by. Good camp-sites on the lake may be available by special permission for parties who really come to learn and who present satis- factory references. During the season of 1917 the work will be tentative and experimental, but there would seem to be an excellent opportunity here for the building up of a summer school of ornithology and game-keeping, and of a bird-lovers’ camp and cottage colony. The development of this unique project will be watched with interest. Those who desire to engage accommodation in advance may write to H. Rohde, Superintendent, Ams- ton, Connecticut. Casual visitors by train or other con- veyance may come at any time. Bird - Lore NEW MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS Enrolled from January 1 to March 1, 1917. Life Members: Barrows, Ira a Chahoon, Mrs. George, Jr. Colgate, Henry A. Curtis, Mrs. Anna Shaw Ellis, Ralph Ford, Mrs. Bruce Hunter, Anna F. Osborn, Prof. Henry Fairfield Wister, John C. New Members: ‘Abbott, Mrs. Frank Ely Amerman, Rev. J. L. Audubon Association of the Pacific Badger, Mrs. Horace D. Bailey, Mrs. William J. Barnstein, Lydia Bartlett, Clay Beaham, Gordon T. Beal, Mrs. Howard W. Beardsley, Mrs. O. D. Benedict, Mrs. C. E. Biddle, William C. Birdsall, J. L. Bishopric, Mrs. Allison Blackinton, Mrs. Fred L. Blanchard, Mrs. Emma J. Boal, Mrs. Ayres Boardman, Miss Catherine W. Bowles, Miss Elizabeth Bowstead, H. G. Boyd, Mrs. Henry W. Bradlee, F. J. Breckenridge, Miss Annie L. Brewster, Mrs. Benj. E. Brown, F. H. Brown, Sumner C. Bryant, M. L. Calkins, Mrs. Alice H. Canby, Mrs. Edward T. Caner, Mrs. Charles Canfield, George F. Carey, Miss Mary deP. Casement, Mrs. Frances M. Chase, Sidney Chiles, R. A. Clark, Miss Anna M. Clark, Edward H. Clark, Mrs. Edward H. Clark, Mrs. George M. Cleaver, Miss Elizabeth K. Cobb, Mrs. James Shepard Cocheu, Dr. Lindsley F. Coles, Miss Julia W. Colorado Museum of Natural History Cordes, William Corliss, Miss Maria L. Craven, Frank Cushman, Miss Alice New Members, continued: Cushman, Mrs. Henry I. Cutler, Mrs. Thomas D. Cuyler, Miss E. deGraff Danforth, Mrs. G. H. Daugherty, Theodore Decker, Mrs. F. A. DeForest, Charles S. Denny, Mrs. Thomas, Sr. Detroit Zodlogical Society Dewey, Mrs. George T. Dickinson, F. R. Drake, Isabel A. Dumont, Mrs. John B. Dwight, John E. Eddy, Schuyler B. Emery, Miss Alexandra ~ Eshbaugh, Theodoria Kane Falk, Oscar Farnum, Mrs. Henry W. Fentress, Mrs. Calvin Fitzsimons, Mrs. Louis E. Foot, Ellsworth, I. Fowler, Mrs. Marie K. Fry, H. M. Galpin, H. L. Gardner, P. H. Gaylorn, Mrs. F. W. Geisser, Miss Marie Therese Gifford, Paul C. Gilholm, Elgin Gilpin, Mrs. John C. Goddard, Mrs. F. W. Goodwin, Miss Margaret S. Gorton, Miss Margaret S. Goshen Audubon Society Gramer, W. A. Green, Fred W. Groesbeck, Telford Hall, Lewis F. Hambleton, Mrs. Jos. W. Hamilton, Mrs. H. R. Hamlin, Mrs. Charles S. Hammar, S. A. S. Harrowes, Miss Caroline W. Haskell, Mrs. L. A. (In Memoriam) Hastings, Morris Hatton, Julian B. Havemyer, Mrs. Horace Hawley, George B. Heacock, Miss Esther Herrick, Francis Hobart Hibbard, Mrs. Lydia B. Hinman, Miss Elizabeth Holmes, C. L Holt, Sidney S. Horsford, Miss Cornelia Housman, Mrs. A. A. Huber, Miss Gertrude Hufnagel, Bernhard M. The Audubon Societies 121 New Members, continued: New Members, continued: Kellogg, William S. Shores; Dr. H. T. Kellegg, Mrs. William S. Shriver, Mrs. Harry T. King, Mrs. Ralph Simmons, John S. Kirkham, William B. Simonds, Ray Lambert, Miss Marie E. Skinner, William Lamprey, Miss Mary E. Smith, Mrs. Byron L. Lane, Henry B. Smith, William H. Lapham, Anna W. South Haven Bird Club Lathrop, Mrs. Bryan Spear, Mrs. Walter E. Lawton, Mrs. Richard M. Sprague, H. L. Leonhard, Albert F. Stevenson, Miss A. Leonhard, J. Henry - Stimson, Louis A. Livingston, Mrs. Herman Stone, Mrs. Arthur L. Loesch, Frank J. mgs Swales, Bradshaw H. Lummis, Jj: Ht. Swift, Mrs. Louis F. Lyon, Mrs. Thomas R.. Taylor, Frederick M. McGinnis, Rev. William P. oe Taylor, John McKee, Mrs. W. L. : ; Thompson, Mrs. D. B. McNeil, Charles F. Thompson, Miss Laura C. McNider, Mrs. Charles H. Tibbals, Mrs. S. J. MacKay, Mrs. M. S. Turner, Miss Harriet I. Marsh, Mrs. E. T. T. Uihlein, Edward G. Martin, Miss Sarah E. Van Gieson, Mrs. H. B. Mayer, Mrs. R. deL. Vigo County Bird Club Mitchell, Annie O. Ae Volger, B. G. Moehlenpah, Marion ce *~ *von Stade, F. S. Mora, Mrs. Edward Boge Vreeland, Mrs. Lucy E. Moses, Bert M. : Wadsworth, W. M. Mudd, H. S. she Waters, Mrs. R. J. Murray, F. F. ee Whitney, Alfred Rutgers Newberry, Mrs. Wolcott E. Whitney, Mrs. Harwood Otis Newburyport Bird Club Willets, S. P. Taber Northrop, Mrs. John I. Wilmarth, Mrs. H. M. Norton, Mrs. Carrie Morse Women’s Club of Sunnyside, Wash- Norton, Charles W. ington Otis, Mrs. Joseph E. Woodford, Miss Margaret B. Paine, Rev. George L. Wulsin, Mrs. Lucien, Jr. Pairce, Miss Harriet W. Wyman, Mrs. Clara L. Patterson, Samuel W. Ziegler, Mrs. Henry Pennie, John C. ; Peter, Julius C. New Contributors: Pettee, Miss Josephine G. Bacbroach, L. F. Platt, Norman S. Brooks, Mrs. W. P. Pounsford, Harry Carwin, Mrs. R. N. Puxton, Mrs. M. W. Chace, Fenner A. Racine Bird Club Clark, Mrs. N. Reese, John S., 4th. Cook, Mrs. A. E. Reichenberger, Mrs. Victor M. Cramer, Mrs. Joseph Rhinebeck Bird Club Danforth, Mrs. William B. Richards, Mrs. Ella F. Davis, Mrs. Annie R. Riley, Mrs. Nelson J. Davis, J. Stuart Rittenhouse, Emma S. Dixon;:C2P.. Robb, Mrs. John T. Eastman, Miss Anna S. R. Rosenbaum, Edward F. Eastman, Sarah C. Rosenheim, Mrs. A. F. Ehrich, Robert Rosenwald, Mrs. Julius Ferris, Eversley Stuart Ryerson, Mrs. E. L. Floyd, Mrs. Edith M. Sanborn, Mrs. William R. Foster, Miss M. C. Savannah Audubon Society Graham, Charles E. Schafer, J. J. Jenks, Miss Lydie D. Scott, Mrs. Robert T. Jenks, Miss Meta E. Shainwald, Riette H. Johnson, Mrs. C. H. Shepard, W. Hubbard Jones, Arthur E. I22 New Contributors, continued: Kingsley, Mrs. William L. Malone, Mrs. L. H. Manning, Mrs. L. L. Nettleton, Harry E. Noble, George H. Phillips, A. W. Reed, Miss Clara Smith, Mrs. F. H. Smith, Mrs. Mary H. Stirling, W. R. Stone, Miss Abbie M. Swift, Mrs. Sarah J. Tucker, Mrs. D. G. White, John B. Wilder, Charles P. Bird - Lore Contributors to the Egret Fund Previously acknowledged Adams, William C. . Allen, Miss Gertrude Allen, Mary P. . . Ames, Mrs. J. B. . Barclay, Miss Emily Barri, Mrs. John A. . . Beebe, Mrs. William H. H. Bignell, Mrs. Effie : Blackwelder, Eliot Bliss, Miss Lucy Be Bonham, Miss Elizabeth ge Bonham, Mrs. Horace Boynton, Mrs. C. H. Brent, Mrs. Duncan Kenner . Brewer, Edward M._ . Brooks, Mrs. Shepherd Brown, DJ. ar, Burgess, E. Phillips ‘ Burt, Miss Edith... . Burt, Miss M. Theodora . Button, Conyers : Carse, Miss Harriet Christian, Susan . . Clarke, Mrs. E. A. S. Clerk, Mrs. A.G. Cleveland, Mrs. Clement Colfelt, Mrs. R. McM. Collins, Miss Gertrude Cox, Tobie es: Cristy, Mrs. H. W. Crosby, Maunsell S Curie, Charles . . . Cutter, Ralph Ladd F De Forest, Mrs. Robert W. Delafield, ‘Mrs. John Ross Dwight, Mrs. M. E. Eaton, Ell S; Ellis, William D. Emery, Miss Georgiana Emmons, Mrs. R. W., 2nd Evans, William B. Fergusson, Alex C. Field, E. B. . . Franklin, Mrs. M. L. Friedman, Mrs. Max . $562 Fries, Miss Emilie . . Frothingham, John W. Fuguet, Stephen Bird-Lover. . Godeffroy, Mrs. BH: Goodwin, George R. : Greene, Miss Caroline S. Griffin, Mrs. Solomon B. Haskell, Miss Helen P. Hathaway, Harry 5,2, Hodgman, Miss Edith M. Hopkins, Miss Augusta D. Horr, Miss Elizabeth Hoyt, MissG.L. Jackson, P. T., Jr. Jacobus, John — Jewett, William Kennon . Jordan, Aedes Boer Kennedy, Mrs. John se Kerr Mrs: T-Ba ; Lane, James Warren, jr. th Lehman, Meyer H. . Levey, W. Charlesworth dn Memoriam) Lewis, Mrs. Herman E. Mann, James R. . . Marrs, Mrs. Kingsmill . Marsh, Spencer S. Mason, GOA oR. Mason, H. L., Jr. Maurer, Oscar Mellns, 4. ge date of Latest date of POPALETY ; ag hears | last one observed last one observed ieee Sebi mae ; 3a | DeFuniak Springs, Fla....... Soames | September 26, 1909 CieMesCOn toe Po Pe Sah August 30, 1904 ATONE Semis yo ib yo Se ee September 26, 1908 New Otieans 286 ce 2s fas feta November 1, 1895 AUSTIN, Pee ee ee 2 _ September 17 | October 1, 1893 322 Bird- Lore FALL MIGRATION, continued Number LOCALITY PEE veers mend pg reer oo CaddosOrlay Seri sa erat October 9, 1883 Los Angeles, Calit,: 65 22, September 12, 1907 Berkeley,-Calit 72 3:45. se ee es October 27, 1888 Presno,- Calitics oe be re See aa October 21, 1915 Washington Do Goo Se aa August 11, 1888 Morstown, Ni je. se aoe. 3 August 26 September 1, 1912 RENOVO i Paes ee ee se ee gs 10 August 26 September 18, 1908 BEAVER eae th iG Ges ere an eee kn 3 August 26 September 3, 1891 Oberim; -Obi0 3 oe oe 4 August 28 September 23, 1907 Waterloo, Indes. se eee 4 September 8 October 8, 1906 CiicAGG, Te os. Cree eo ee 6 September 3 September 28, 1895 Concordia. Moi. Vin cai eas 7 September 22 | October 6, 1911 IGOR WEE VOWai eh. 5 ace a ees 9 September 8 September 23, 1894 Grinnell 1oWa 5 ho. ena eee es 5 September 9 September 25, 1886 Onayay Mans gees oe meee Ge 19 September 6 October 8, 1914 Valentine. “Neb ce. ona ee 3 September 6 October 4, 1893 BOUIGer COO oe ee eros 4 August 18 August 28, 1909 Hartiord. A date of Latest date of LOCALITY af Mesos eat one Ghentyak | last on cheered Dry: Porturas. Fla,. os ee | May 5, 1913 Tallahassee; Fla oo Se en | May 5, 1900 Savannah, Bae Nie on ae 6 May 21 | May 29, to11 BilOx Mass oem 3 April 17 April 29, 1904 high hee Bae Sr ay on aoe 3 May 12 | Mar ede is Dae ooh ne eo a , 1891 Charleston, eae, 4 May 15 | May 24, 1912 Raleigh, N. C............-...5..5555 14 April 29 | May 22, 1909 Misiws ey De ee Oe ca hn See 14 eas 13 | — 26, . OUI MO eed go Fe eis oe eat es 4 ay 2 | May 9,1 Concordia, Moses ae ae 4 May 11 | May 23, IQII LOCALITY aceon Average date of Earliest date of ° Sosy spring arrival spring arrival Soereen wee: ee | Wackioutan i 8 JR Sabie ch ay Sccoame ney are 23 April 12 March 28, 1912 ee Ny Ce pio ees | : Ae 4 a 23, 1913 VPIOWOOE. EN eas I pril 9 arch 24, 1905 Philadtiphias Pie fascist | 12 April 25 April 4, 1912 ODerE ONG. 55 is | 18 April 14 March 31, 1910 Waterieo, Inco 38 a ecg | 9 April 24 April 3, 1906 Chicago, Ul..... 6.0... eee 24 April 15 March 24, 1884 Se oe VEG Ha eeu pee ee yee. | Lo . March 24 March 14, 1886 MARA: WANSie ss cy Se 3 May 1 April 25, 1893 Sioux: CHy lowe ine aaa | II April 25 April 8, 1906 Badger Nebi sie er ee eet 4 April 20 April 15, 1903° pfeil Saige Cg Se eee Nn Aart | 4 April 23 fy Sa naa ASR | cht Ge. Aran Oy Mon? Ean ee areeNer aur arch 25, 1 Modesto. Galina soe Ser RS 4. March 1 February t9, IQIt Hartford, CONT Per yoo yin hon ee | 17 April 15 March 29, 1914 Providence. Rodi oa ba 19 April 6 February 25, 1897 ySacgen eres PR RO rune uns hia nea ae es + re I 5; 1902 DSS iec eh cs eae eee ril 1 ril 7, 1892 Phillips, ‘Maibe) Se 12 Aael 23 April of ses Tien a NEAINE oe ee 13 April 18 | April 2, 1905 ous ppg alge eee ard 6 pees hoe ae 1905 iy eis Renate tide aaa | 13 ay I ril 16, 190 St. Johnsbury, Lf RES RE nine eid entre Ul: | 21 April 26h April 2; aay News Ore Ns Yost rs es ees | 21 | April 18 April 1, 1893 Orient Point, be lee NGS ey Corte 5 | March 25 March 15, 1908 Buffalo, N. Y.. ee ae April 24 April 7, 1888 Madison, Wiss at er ee | 17 April 14 March 25, 1905 324 Bird - Lore SPRING MIGRATION, continued Number Average date of li LOCALITY at yente’ “| Serie aesivat | Capetng ateeeal” Minneapolis; Minn.. 92 255.095 15 April 18 March 29, 1907 ABD Arbol, MiChC. 5 os eca eas 28 April 4 March 18, 1894 MOMHHON, Do Ws C. es en ee eae 3 April 26 April 21, 1913 Yellowstone Park, Wyo.............. May 6, 1914 Mirasoula DEON ii se tay ee March 26, 1916 Great Falls, DEON oC wes ee 4 April 29 April 28, 1891 Rathdrum, ‘tdaho 5 es ee 4 March 24 March 10, 1908 Portland Cre 0 3 March 21 February 27, 1900 Seattle; Washi... 3 202 .. rae Toa ee 6 March 16 March 4, 1899 January 21, 1906 PIRAS Ne a ge ce eee s 8 April 20 April 13, 1902 PICtOUING Souc. coite eee ee ees get May 2 April 20, 1895 Scoteh baker N Bye oe 20 April 27 April 17, 1906 St. Tol i Bs. Sos cite ees 12 April 21 April 16, 1896 North: RivereP iodo as oes 5 May 4 April 29, 1887 Montreal: Quebec. 3:2. 65 Sees 16 April 17 April 7, 1912 Quebec, Quebecrs soos ses ee 18 April 23 April 14, 1889 Ottawa Ontos ee ee 33 April to March 28, 1897 Réaburij Man oo eg a 6 May 2 April 26, 1894 Aweme. Manco... saa ene 12 April 27 April 21, 1911 Indian Head, Sask....... rae ware 7 May to April 29, 1908 Sturgeon River. Alta |e Se May 1, Igot Edmonton, Alta: gi eo eee 8 May 8 April 24, 1908 Okanagan Landing, B. C............. 9 March 20 March 13, 1910 Fort munpeon; Mack. 7 ee Fort Resolution, Mack. 4).5..s 355-33 Skagway, Alaska oe ees ee Sk. St: Michaels, Alaska. 2.3.5.5 3. ...05- May 19, 1904 May 12, 1860 May 31, 1899 May 24, 1880 FALL MIGRATION Number LOCALITY of years’ | Average date of Norfolk NG. 8s 2 a 2 November 4 Washington, Do 0346.2 aks ; 5 September 22 Cambridge, 246.02 oh. oe wees Morristown, Nod. ee a 15 October 12 Englewood, Wo Jick. feb Aes a 8 October 9 Philadeingig, Pe... i535 ea ee Ober OG is vs a ee 2 October 7 Waterioo, 106. oc ia sees ee ete 3 September 28 CACRUG; Bik ho ey) oa Pe 6 September 17 Condarias Mon osc.ps oan ee 4 September 21 Genipen Lowe oe yes i 3 September 13 POGROR, IOGear it okt os Pea mee 3 September 11 PUPANGO, COON eo i ee ees PIATTOrG, COMM iy ie ee a 15 October 9 PPOVIGENCE) des he a es 17 August 25 BOMLON IRBs ys se hee ea 5 September 29 PRUNE, PORINGs 8 Oe iw ik hee 8 August 19 CNONO BASING es ess eva ae eee 3 September 1 TUMOMS IN eee ia ii a ee as 6 August 29 St, Jonnebury, Viti ys sae es Latest date of last one observed November 7, 1911 October 17, 1911 November 2, 1914 October 30, 1915 October 18, 1885 December 31,1882 September 9, 1890 October 22, 1906 October 11, 1905 October 16, 1896 September September September September November September 2 23, 16, 18, 26, 20, 5» October 16, 1878 1909 1885 1903 1914 IQII 1898 September 8, 1900 September 11, TOTS September 9, 1908 August 27, 1914 The Migration of North American Birds 325 FALL MIGRATION, continued LOCALITY Average date of last one observed Latest date of last one observed Orient Pomt: bola Neyo ke, ea New Vorks (Ne Veer se ee as Vicksburg. Wich. ieee ee, Weedisen, Wis ecg os we Minneapolis, Minn..................| Veriton sD. Pss ook ee Bae ey SEU LARC. Biases one een | Yellowstone Park, nee pes epee tte acters Missoula, Mont.. Se Fae nee EE Priest River, Idaho. EER aR Se oy aoe Cae Seattle, Wik oe Walitaye Noinne nave Gos wk eee es Sip nie NG Pp curries hs ieee QuebeesQuebec eek we oe ee oe Montreal Quebec: 3. Sacre Ottawa Ontos a ee es Bondon nts. yr es an oe eal en, Aweme, Man i3. sr ko ea ae Bani A ee ea i eas Okanagan Landing; B.C... 0. 0.2.5. SILKa, Alasicd on en ee NO OH dS Own POOW DNDN al an ve) November 2 September 25 September 28 September 19 September 2 August 2 September 8 August 25 September 9 July 20 August 31 August 23 September 2 August 9 September 6 August 26 December 16, 1908 October 18, 1904 October 26, 1902 September 28, 1913 September 14, 1913 September 13, 1889 September 20, 1909 September 8, 1914 August 8, 1915 August 24, 1913 September 25, 1915 September 3, 1893 October 2, 1892 August 5, 1907 . October 3, 1887 August 25, 1894 September 25, 1897 September 6, 1887 October 17, 1901 September 9, 1899 August I9, 1909 September 25, 1912 August 22, 1912 LOCALITY Average date of fall arrival Earliest date of fall arrival Femandina; Plaa2004 3 er Savannah. Ga ta eres Biloxa; Wiss ee eee ees at New Orleans: a. 3 ea Sse ak Bropimore:S,-Crms. ais. er es INGEN Miss Soe 68ers tees OnWWE Land October 9 August 2 August 18 August 17 July 29 August 15, 1906 July 23, 1908 September 23, 1905 July 8, 1893 August 4, 1887 August 16, IgIt July'3, 1912 VIOLET-GREEN SWALLOW _Two subspecies of the Violet-green Swallow are in summer confined to western North America. The third (Tachycineta thalassina thalassina) is found only in Mexico. The Northern Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina lepida) breeds north to Alaska and Yukon; west to the Pacific Coast; south to northern Lower California and northern Durango, Mex.; and east to western Nebraska, western South Dakota, and southeastern Alberta. The San Lucas Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera) is resident in the southern half of the peninsula of Lower California, and does not, so far as known, migrate to any extent. All of the following migration data pertain, therefore, to the northernmost form. 326 Bird - Lore SPRING MIGRATION Number : LOCALITY joes | Soe nee Cees Chloride, yo aes tie She Z April 1 March 30, 1915 NUM, REIS oie tn ee ee Oe ee es March 11, 1902 Bort: Verde; Arig eons re aes March 26, 1887 os Angeles; Calits. 05 oe aire ae February 16, 1895 Santa Barbara; Calta oe 3 February 23 February 16, to11 Fresno, ‘Calif; 2:05. Ronee ee rn, 4 March 14 March 6, 1914 Dewan COM! ess Ve aa ben a May 10 May. 2, 1912 Boulder, Calo. o 5. os Gate ee ee Re) May 7 April 22, 1916 Yellowstone Park, Wyo.............. May 11, 1914 Rathdrum,; idaho. vo s . e | 3 | April 5 March 24, 1901 POrManG, Pet ae se 6 March 22 March 7, 1915 WPACOMA, WaShs cc Sh Rc a eee cs | 6 March 18 March 14, 1905 Okanagan Landing, B. C............. 9 | March 18 March 8, 1910 Redsbeer, Altace eee a | | May 7, 1893 SEORY. © AlN AdERc is Win ea es ee April 26, 1911 Bort Hamlin Alaska 5 ae | May 27, 1898 : FALL MIGRATION Number LOCALITY ef geaee! | Aptinge dete ot 1 Leta ok San Angelos Tex 4 ee ey ChiondéiNiaiios. ie eee EOTe \VeErdescAN ee cen we ihosAngeles; Calif ues pia oe, Presno 7 Calitees ye ae ees PEWAN NEOLOp ii ee fore ee Boulder, Coley) 2 oo. secs Yellowstone Park, Wyo.............. Corvallis, /Oresey ns ie ees Okanagan Landing, B. C............. 8 August 23 4 August 24 2 August 13 7 | September 12 | October 1, 1886 September 23, 1915 September 11, 1885 October 20, 1894 October 8, 1905 September 7, 1915 September 9, 1912 August 18, 1914 September 27, 1904 October 5, 1905. BANK SWALLOW The Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia riparia) breeds over most of North America, north to northern Alaska and northern Ungava (Quebec); south to southern California, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, and North Carolina. It is, however, very local in summer throughout the southern part of its breeding range. Its migration route is chiefly through Mexico and Central America, as it is of scarcely more than casual occurrence in the West Indies. Its winter home is in South America. Sen ae The Migration of North American Birds 327 SPRING MIGRATION umber Average date of Earli LOCALITY ethiesd satin arrival oenrahict aig Ciigheys Pig io hn 5 ete. Sees 2 March 26 March 23, 1904 BUST Ni et rs aes Oe SS 2 March 26 March 25, 1901 Sanita Barbara, Califi;.... 2... .02030.% : April 8, 1910 Hendersonville; NG. 235 4 April 16 April 2, r912 Attrens Een hee nee ag 8 April 18 April 6, 1908 Preleng: Angas Coe ae ee 7 April 3 March 26, 1897 Variety: Mills Vase oye es : 13 April 21 April 11, 1914 Washington, BoC. on 18 April 23 April 10, 1904 White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.. 8 April 11 April 6, 189 5 St BOUTS: One Tr dn ata edee tse 8 April 23 April 21, 1910 Manhattan, Hears es Fh ee ete ats 5 April 22 April 12, 1883 Denver Calan rors wel ae ees”, 4 May 7 April 27, 1907 MOTEStOWN. ON Jie aes 13 April 27 April 12, 1908 Philadeionin. fax 2: 6 ess A eee 9 April 24 April 8, 1888 ROBOVDS PA Ge nc ee 20 April 29 April 13, 1897 Oberiin, Ohio: sn eu eee 20 April 22 April 6, 1902 Hore Wayne indsrc so 26s fe ian ee 10 May 5 April 18, 1916 ChicaeOt iiss ek Scie one meses 15 April 30 April 21, 1907 MOUS Cit, BOWEL: co) oy Fok ees 13 May 8 April 25, 1899 Neigh Nebess ese oe ee ee as 3 April 28 April 21, 1914 PRRs DERE SE EEN Se II May 11 May 6, 1913 PRAnOVEr IN: Meet ty eee gene 5 April 30 April 17, 1890 BENAMEtON: Vitis iis se sa eee che ae) May 13 May 1, 1915 St. FOUNSDULY Vite te ae 20 May 5 April 27, 1915 Basten: Maxs.cice oo ee ¥ May 5 April 28, 1909 Block Island, R. I 5 May 3 April 24, 1915 Hartiord.;Conn io pier aoe II May 1 April 20, 1888 NEW MOD NG is son PE UP Oy nach II May 8 April 30, 1914 Shelten Island. Wo Va aoe Be) May 6 April 20, 1891 ButeOs Neeser ae en ors 7 May 4 April 16, 1916 CrenGV aw Ne Noni i i itis ee oma de 10 May 1 April 19, 1908 An ALOT. Michacs ie ee oe ois 16 April 22 April 11, 1889 MBGIEOn Wis su oor tas 17 April 25 April 12, 1901 Minn GapOlsS, MANIT. oie c ete ae Ae 15 April 29 April 17, 1886 SPTIMsheG, Onc ta 2 May 12 May 6, 1909 adimoresN. De oo as ee 3 May 9 | April 28, 1890 Bozewian, Monte eee oe eS r May 15 | May 7, 1912 BUDO OONIO 05 Ns ey ay 3 April 24 April 19, 1911 INATIOWS MONE, ote cain ly oi May 5, 1914 Grand Manan IN. Bocce cs5 6 es 8% 5 May 15 April 27, 1889 OPN Teivers boo hes ee eee 4 May 20 May 12, 1889 ivrontred-OUchec, is pie ge 2 May 9 May 6, 1912 UEC AJUCDRC 25 Guay oes oe ok 2 May 13 May 6, 1889 Ottawas Ont nani saucer eek tes) 31 May 11 | August 29, 1912 AWEME MAN oe See Ge hee as II May 14 April 28, 1911 LW sYanchelid © Wop mney: tol -peetatall rl KU eae ee 4 May 5 April 27, 1913 Edmonton, Alta.. ite | May 8, 1903 Okanagan Landing, BC. 5 May 12 | April 28, 1915 Fort Simpson, Mack.. Kowak River, Alaska. May 26, 1904 May 25, 1899 328 Bird - Lore FALL MIGRATION Mupiber Average f LOCALITY ppt last one Bed ait ee pe el Hendersonville Nii a aca September 4, 1912 Bulow aU en See 2 September 24, 1900 DIVO Lek Ry hse ies ou tee fc eie | October 3, 1915 Fort Verde, Angi sc es September 7, 1886 Washington Do Ge oe esi as 4 September 14 | September 19, 1886 Athens, Temn........ oat Sire Mead he 4 September 8 September 29, 1908 Morristowne No ji7. ic a 7 August 21 September 6, 1912 Philadelphia, Paces. 2 2.0 ee September 30, 1906 Renovo s 28s 50 e 8 a eae ee 16 August 17 August 30, 1903 OberlinvOhioy ws Se ae ee 4 September 5 October 7, 1907 Chicaee Sib re scot eo ein 3 September 1 September 16, 1896 Conedrdia; WMG 65 936 iG eee es 6 September 16 | September 29, 1911 Beuiaie, Coles. 660s or es 3 August ro August 21, 1910 Phillips. Maine os as eke 7 July 28 August 31, 1912 Verereon. Bhi cae. oe vaca 5 September 6, 1909 St. Jonnsvury MESS pr. oe eee eee 2 August Io August 15, 1914 Woods Hole, Muss..:.: 05 September 9, 1893 Block -Istend Reds: ioos oe ees 3 August 24 September 2, 1912 Hartiord Cone 2. 6 so ol aes 19 September 23 | October 15, 1900 New YOANN, View eas 4 September 2 September 22, 1904 Tthaca NeW ee as oe September 26, 1908 Geneva Ne Vieira eee 2 August 22 August 22, 1914 Detroit, Mich. 3565.5 ee es September 29, 1912 Ann Arbor, Mich oo... 05. September 3, 1915 Madison. Wisso3 05s fore oor aos 6 September 8 September 20, 1911 Sioust Catv; SOWR ee ro era, 2 September 3, 1917 Minneapous;:Minno. 23.0. foe a September 22, 1906 Yellowstone Park, Wyo.............. August 17, 1915 Bozeman Went ce eho alee ee August 28, 1912 MiUpert iaho 7 a yo a | September 9, 1911 Motth saver eh. od iss ea 3 August 18 August 25, 1888 Montreal (Quebec. o 55 As 58s Bee 5 August 28 September 9g, 1891 Quebec; Ouebee sy airs eae ss August 25, 1894 Ottawa Ontario elo oy ens 24 August 26 September 15, 1911 Aweme Man, s san fos ewe 6 a eed ane 19 August 21 August 31, 1900 Okanagan Landing, B. C............. 6 August 20 September 27, 1915 Kowak River, Alaska: s. 0.002445" August 19, 1898 ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW The Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis serripennis) breeds in the United States, southern Canada, and Mexico; north to Massachusetts, New York, Ontario, Minnesota, Montana, and southern British Columbia; and south to the southern United States and central Mexico. It winters from central Mexico south to Central America and Costa Rica. The Migration of North American Birds SPRING MIGRATION 329 Number | Avera f i LOCALITY come | See ee | Pate Me Ps Baas | Armbta PRIA: coins eo cia ies ees September 21, 1906 Savannan, Gao oro: cans eee eres 9 April 2 March to, 1912 Atte Ce as oe eas 8 | April 8 March 28, 1917 Agtnupavilie, ANG, fo to sins cts ns a | Apnl7 April 3, 1914 Biloxi, Miss....... oi RE Fs eter EC is March 30, 1906 Baton Rouge, Lac sou re ees | March 23, 1903 San Anonie: 1Ohs eee 9 | February 23 February 15, 1889 Wimay Ariane See i eh ae > March 12, 1902 RADU SATB is 5 EAE wn See February 28, 1894 Vanstone. Aliases oes ees ees 3. | March 28 February 25, 1912 Fort: Verde: Ane 4505s arenas ees 4 April 6 March 21, 1887 - Santa Barbara, Calta. ree oe ae 3 March 19 March 11, tori PredeG, Cale Ss oe 3 April 5 March 31, IQt4 PIORMOIG tk he ake ee 6 April 2 March 21, 1886 Regen On. ce es 23 April 8 March 28, 1908 Variety: Mills; Vas. ore os eso. 13 April 10 March 27, 1890 Wasinaston, Dot. 20 ce eae 30 April 11 March 31, 1912 Bowling Green, Ky.......... eee ese April 6, 1902 Helewar Ark eer ote lah ee 18 March 24 March 21, 1897 Phiisdelpiia, Pac 25 sii Pee as 6 April 21 April 13, 1905 Beane, Pas OCA. ca eee te 4 April 21 April 14, 1891 Morristown; Nig eae 14 April 27 April 15, 1912 Obert, (0.5 ee ee 20 April 26 April 16, 1902 Richmond 1nd. 335 oe 8 April 24 April 11, 1909 CHGN De i oe as Se 6 May 7 April 27, 1895 St Pos, MO ey CN hie 8 April 15 April 5, 1888 it te oS SS Seer wine sey en a 13 April 28 April 16, 1891 Colorado Springs, Colo... 22 os, 6 May 11 April 29, 1906 New Deven; Conn ee es April 30, 1907 MIATEOTG, CON: ce Wee wine ere oe 4 May 11 May 4, 1904 Boston, Mass.......... Bey are ate 4 May 1 April 29, 1913 Western Mass........... een Ayan, 6 May 12 Benniiwton Vic. 2 a eae es 6 May 6 April 25, 1915 New Vor IN. ee oe) eee April 24, 1914 Ballston Sha, Na Ye oe ee eS 9 May 4 April 21, 1900 Geneva, N.Y... ysl Si ee eee 10 April 26 April 16, 1916 Any -Agbor, Michio cics poses 10 April 28 April 17, 1910 Madison, WIS... sake ee a 8 April 27 April 17, 1914 Meokuk, 10Wa.. 2. A ook 2k is a 9 April 15 March 27, 1898 rue CAV LOW os Oy ee ie 7 May 3 April 22, 1916 paneeboro.. Mints i ie fate: 10 April 20 April 14, 1888 RewClowl Nepal. 326 ahaa II April 29 April 18, 1911 Wermilinns Se 4b 6 ees: se 3 April 28 April 19, 1913 Cuevenne, WG. 05 rs a ee May 24, 1888 Yellowstone Park, Wyo.............. May 27, 1914 Misedula Wontie se ee se a a 2 April 27 April 25, 1915 Newport Oregon. eee ee ee 2 May 2 April 20, 1901 LOCOMA oO WARN kit ees er Nes 6 April 12 April 3, 1905 DON OG ics ee ee a ee 8 10 April 25 April 17, 1914 Okanagan Landing, B.C............. 8 April 26 April 18, 1907 33° Bird - Lore FALL MIGRATION Number LOCALITY irom | eee. Gece tee SAVANNAH re ea he er ee ety October 15, 1909 BiuOki, Mas owe he a enon 4 September 21 | October 25, 1905 Raleigh Nv Coo ra ee a 2 June 24 June 26, 1889 FIGIONA ATER co aa ae en ea September 21, 1894 Washington DaGin eto. pine os September 3, 18094 Wortistowns Nitiic 8. as Fe 3 August 15 September 6, 1914 Obenime Ohio ries aes eres s August 18 September 23, 1907 Richmond Ine son ur enw es 2 September ro | September 15, 1908 Horseshoe Lake; Moe. 3 oe ee October 13, 1905 Ongee, Rater JG Seer ae 5 August 26 September 30, 1892 New. Haven: Conn: 6-5 i acs, August 13, 1903 Harvard; Masi ress Se a Pores 4 July 24 August 4, 1909 EAR WO aRS oes cae ey Cees September 3, 1911 NeweVork: Neovo os Se ora October 4, 1914 Halston Spay es Voce ei Sea wa 3 July 18 July 24, 1890 Geneva Ne Ve sais tn css Se ac eens 2 August 17 August 22, 1915 Arn Arbor, Sich. 60 eae October 23, 1915 Madison, Wis.i2 see 0. August 22, 1914 Lanesboro, Minny: 575 se eet 3 August 24 August 26, 1888 BouldereColec Gols el ss eee. August 14, 1910 Yellowstone Park, Wyo.............. August 25, 1914 Missoula, Montiuna 30. ee aoa Gs | August 28, 1915 Priest RIVer, AGaho. oo See. July 24, 1914 Meéewpert, Ofer sic ccs ee ers September 15, 1900 London ONG eee sd ca a eee 2 August 7 August 12, 1902 Okanagan Landing, B.C... ......... 5 September 9 September 28, 1905 Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds FORTY-FIFTH PAPER By FRANK M. CHAPMAN | (See Frontispiece) Cliff Swallow (Peirochelidon lunifrons, Figs. 1, 2)—The adults of this species are alike in color, but the young bird (juvenal or nestling plumage), as Fuertes’ figure (Fig. 2) clearly shows, is quite unlike its parents in many particulars. The crown and back are brownish, instead of steel-blue, there is no white mark across the brow, etc. In this plumage the young bird migrates, and, as with most of our Swallows, the postjuvenal molt does not occur until winter quarters are reached. For this reason specimens are lacking to show its exact nature, but it evidently is complete, since, when the Cliff Swallows return to us in the spring, young and old cannot be distinguished. Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina, Fig. 3).—The plumage changes of this species doubtedless resemble those of its relation, the Tree Swallow. There is, however, a well-marked difference between the plumage of the male Notes on the Plumage of North American Birds 331 and female of this species, that of the latter being considerably duller, with, the upper parts, especially the crown, washed with bronze or brownish. The nestling plumage is much like that of the Tree Swallow and conse- quently is quite unlike that of the adult. From the young Tree Swallow the young Violet-green may be known chiefly by a patch of white on the flanks and by the less abrupt definition of the white of the underparts from the brownish of the upper parts on the sides of the head and neck. But these differences are not sufficiently pronounced to distinguish the two in life. A specimen taken in New Mexico, October 11, is undergoing a complete molt which apparently would have brought it into the plumage of the adult in winter. This differs from that of the adult in summer (as does that of the Tree Swallow) in having the tertials tipped with white, a marking which dis- appears with wear. Tree Swallow (Jridoprocne bicolor, Figs. 4, 5).—There is practically no sexual difference in color in the Tree Swallow, but the nestling plumage (Fig. 5) is strikingly unlike that of the adult. The upperparts and tail are dull sooty grayish brown, usually without a trace of the iridescent bluish green so con- spicuous in the adult; the wings are of much the same color but show greenish reflections; the underparts are slightly duller, less silky white than in the adult. The birds begin their migration in this plumage, but, as Dwight has shown, between the latter part of August and October a complete molt occurs in which the young bird assumes the plumage of its parents. There is no spring molt, and the summer plumage differs from that of winter only in the absence of whitish tips to the tertials. Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis, Fig. 6)—There is no sexual difference in color in this species, but the young in juvenal plumage differ from their parents in being washed with rusty, this color being clearer on the wing-coverts and margins to the inner wing-feathers and pronounced on the throat and breast, which are almost cinnamon. The post-juvenal molt doubtless occurs, as Dwight remarks, after the birds leave us and are traveling to their winter homes in Central America. It brings the bird into the plumage of the adult, which exhibits no seasonal variations. The adult Rough-wing somewhat resembles a young Tree Swallow in general coloration but is duskier below, especially on the breast. Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia, Fig. 7)—The Bank Swallow is found in both the New World and the Old. The sexes are alike, and there is but little variation with age. The nestling plumage differs from that of the adult in being slightly tipped with brownish or grayish above, in having the throat more or less spotted with dusky and the tail squarer. This plumage is worn until after the bird leaves us for its winter quarters in the tropics, and is replaced, before the birds’ return to us, by one resembling that of the adult. The adults also molt after leaving us, and the slight differ- ences between: winter and summer plumage are doubtless due to wear. Hotes from Field and Studp The American Crossbilll Although the American Crossbill may not be considered rare, it is one of our most remarkable and erratic birds, and there is a great deal of fascination in fol- lowing it to its haunts. To be sure of seeing this strange bird at home, we must go to some of the wildest places, and even then, owing to its erratic and uncertain behavior, must be prepared for many dis- appointments, for the phrases ‘rare inter- vals’ and ‘irregular’ occur with annoying frequency in all our records of it which I have been able to examine. There are few places within its range with suitable trees where the bird has not been recorded at one time or another, for it is a great wan- derer in winter. I have known of it nest- ing near Wolfville, Nova Scotia, in Mani- toba, close to where I am writing, in the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, and in some parts of British Columbia. I made an expedition to Red Deer, Alberta, some years ago, hearing that Crossbills were frequenting the tree-cov- ered slopes of the ‘divides,’ but, although I stayed well into the breeding-season, did not find a nest, and suddenly the birds disappeared. Wherever there are ever- green trees, the birds will appear sooner or later,but that is as definite as it is safe to be. This bird, of course, takes its name from the crossing of its two strong, curved mandibles, which, combined with the brilliant scarlet, yellow, or green plumage, gives it a truly remarkable Parrot-like appearance. This resemblance is not con- fined to appearance alone, but extends to habits also, for the Crossbill uses both bill and feet when climbing and is as fully qualified an acrobat as any Parrot I ever saw. I used to think the Chickadee one of our most agile birds, but it must retire to second place when a Crossbill comes along. The remarkable development of the YOUNG RED CROSSBILLS Photographed by H. and E. Pittman (332) Notes from Field and Study bill is in reality a wonderful adaptation to the bird’s mode of life, enabling it to extract the seeds from fir-cones with ease. The seeds of the cone-bearing trees are the principal food of this bird, but it also feeds to a certain extent upon weed-seeds and insects. As with most, if not all, of our Finches, it is very probable that the diet of the young is entirely insectivorous. Berries, including rose-berries, are also eaten. The Crossbill has a rather long tongue, and to watch one lick a hard piece of salt is a really interesting sight. The Crossbill is a great conversation- alist, and, when feeding among the tree- tops, keeps up a continual soft twitter- ing. It will probably surprise many people to know that this bird is a good singer, the song being as sweet as that of the Canary and without any of its harsh qualities. In addition to the sweet song, it has a clear call resembling the syllables ‘pink, pink,’ but this, like the song, is gently uttered. The nest is built rather high up in an evergreen and is a fairly neat cup of twigs and moss or grass, lined with fur and feathers. The eggs are of the Finch type, about .75x.58, greenish white marked with dark brown and gray. The breeding-season is long, extending from January to June. One associates this bird with the deep and silent woods, to which, I may say, it lends a welcome touch of life, but, occa- sionally, it will appear in odd places. One morning last summer I noticed a pair of young Crossbills on the wire of my corral and later saw them feeding on some oats the horses had spilled. We promptly scattered more grain and had the satis- faction of tempting them to stay for a time and also that of getting a series of photographs. They appeared to be birds of the year and seemed very affectionate, the male feeding the female with true gallantry. They were, like many of our northern visitors, particularly tame, and one could see them shelling the oats quite plainly. The experience was unusual and made up for some of the numerous disap- pointments of the naturalist-photographer. 333 The ‘points’ of the Crossbill then may be summed up as follows: crossed mandi- bles, plumage of scarlet, green or yellow (according to sex and age), confiding dis- position, gentle voice, and somewhat heavy build, which, in life give it a rather chubby appearance.—H. H. Pittman, Hariney, Manitoba. Winter Boarders Late last fall, when we started taking in regular winter bird-boarders, we had a pair of Downy Woodpeckers, a pair of White-breasted Nuthatches, four Blue Jays, a half-dozen Juncos, four or five Tree Sparrows, one lone Chickadee, and a lot of English Sparrows. All but a half- dozen of the latter have been trapped and chloroformed. In late November a few Purple Finches appeared, and soon more and more came along, until now (early in February) there are more than a hundred of them. Early in December a pair of Red- breasted Nuthatches showed up, and the solitary’ Chickadee now.has three com- panions. The Juncos have also increased to a dozen or fifteen. There are three or four Sparrows that I am unable to identify. Occasionally some Goldfinches visit us, but they are not regular at their meals. We have four feeding places—two trays at windows, one covered tray on the side of a tree, and one weather-vane food-house —all home-made. We feed the birds hemp seed, sunflower seed, pumpkin seed, cracked nuts, and suet. The window trays are largely monopolized by the Purple Finches, as many as thirty some- times crowding in and about one tray. They keep up a constant protesting chat- ter while feeding, and show a disposition to be very quarrelsome among themselves, driving one another off the feeding-place. An occasional English Sparrow edges in now and then, and the Finches do not seem to resent it. Once in a while, a Chickadee darts in quickly, grabs a sun- flower seed, and ‘beats it’ before the Finches know it. The Finches are con- summate gluttons for hemp seed, sun- 334 flower seed, and pumpkin seed. The latter seed, big and tough as they are, are easily crushed by the powerful bills of the Finches, who do most of their eating in the forenoon. About 2 or 3 o’clock in the afternoon they disappear, not to be seen again until the next day. When they have gone, chopped nuts are placed upon the window-trays, so that the Nuthatches and Chickadees may enjoy an undisturbed feast. The Blue Jays, of course, drive the Purple Finches away from the window- trays now and then, but their visits are short. The Finches have a fixed habit of gathering in the trees overlooking the trays and sitting there contemplating the coming feast, all the while uttering the short, sharp metallic chirp that is so charac- teristic of them. Finally one of them will drop down to the tray, and then the rest follow in crowds. When the tray is empty, they resume their perches in the trees and await the replenishing of the dining-table. The food in the tray on the tree and in the weather-vane tray is largely patron- ized by the other birds while the Finches have possession of the window-trays. The Downy Woodpeckers, the Nuthatches and the Chickadees regularly visit the suet fastened against a tree near the kitchen door. I have not seen a Blue Jay eat suet this winter, although last summer they ate it early and often. A red squirrel sometimes helps himself to this piece of suet. A solitary Brown Creeper picks up the bits of suet dropped to the ground by the other birds, but I have yet to see him eat from the piece fastened to the tree, although he creeps all about it. The Juncos and Tree Sparrows feed upon the ground, where we scatter hemp seed, seeming to prefer that place to the food-trays, although sometimes eating there. The Juncos and the unidentified Sparrows before mentioned appear at the first break of day. I have heard them ‘cheeping’ at their food before it was light enough to distinguish them clearly. The unidentified Sparrows remain eating until almost dark. The sun is well above the Bird - Lore horizon before the Downy Woodpeckers, the Nuthatches and the Chickadees show up, while the Finches come along between the early risers and the late. In a tree near the house we have a box about eighteen inches square, with a hole at one end, in which we put nuts for two gray squirrels that are very tame and come regularly for their meals. In this box we also put sunflower seeds, and the Nuthatches go right in after them like the squirrels. In this way their food is protected from the greedy and bullying Blue Jays who reach in for the seeds but do not dare to venture back like the Nuthatches. Near this tree we have a concrete bird- bath, home-made, which is filled in the morning with hot water, and when ice begins to form it is swept out and refilled with hot water several times a day. This is immensely enjoyed by both the birds and the squirrels. The latter seem greatly to appreciate the novelty of hot water in winter, drinking deeply and frequently— so do the Blue Jays. The smaller birds gather around the steaming drinking- place, sit in the rising steam, and take a regular Russian bath. Quite often, even in very cold weather, the Purple Finches and English Sparrows hop right into the warm water and take a regulation ‘Palm Beach dip.’ The birds sit around watch- ing the change of cold water to warm, and the Red-breasted Nuthatches are some- times so impatient that they flutter close by while the change is being made. In a close observation for two years, I have never seen the Downy Woodpeckers take a drink of water at this bath, although they are constant visitors and very tame. Among the hundreds of Purple Finches, we see but three or four males in their raspberry-red plumage. Can the editor say why, in so large a number, there should be so few males who are under the two years required to grow such feathers? The Chickadee who first made _ his appearance last fall is unusually tame, sometimes sitting on the window-tray while chopped nuts are being placed upon it. The Red-breasted Nuthatches are Notes from Field and Study just about as tame, while the White- breasted are a trifle more shy. The male Nuthatches appear to domineer over the females, not permitting them to visit the trays until the males have first taken a seed or nut and flown away withit. The male Downy will not allow his spouse to feed at the suet until his own appetite has been appeased. She sits near and keeps up her peculiar cry in the meantime. And yet I have seen a Downy, a Nuthatch, and a Chickadee all eating peacefully at the same piece of suet at one time. Pos- sibly they were all males and were carry- ing out ‘a gentlemen’s agreement.’ ; The Chickadees and Nuthatches, after gorging themselves to satiety, carry away and hide sunflower seeds and bits of nuts, storing them in cracks of fences and in crevices in the bark of trees. Sometimes one bird will watch another do this, and then, when the coast is clear, proceed to appropriate for itself the hidden tit-bit. Blue Jays and squirrels do the same, and I have often observed them pilfering from each other. The Nuthatches some- times hide morsels in the cracks of the very food-trays from which they get their regular meals, and when one discovers what another has hidden, it seems to relish that particular bite much more than the ample supply which is in plain sight. 335 We live in a neighborhood were there are many trees and many houses, but so far as I know we have all the birds with us, no one else seeming to be interested in these most wonderful and beautiful crea- tures. For our trouble we have been rewarded of late by the charming low song of the Purple Finches. They began singing late in January, which, from what I have read in bird literature, is rather early to hear music from the bird-choir in New Jersey. It surely is a sight, these wintry days, to see hundreds of birds so close to the house. They know their friends, and the only thing needed to get their confidence is to feed them regularly and move among them slowly . and deliberately, avoiding any sudden motion or noise. We are only amateurs but are learning something new every day. Quite often our experience differs widely from what we read in the bird- books.—BeErt M. MosEs, 422 Gregory Ave., West Orange. N.J. A Bird Exhibit The Bird Committee of the Civic Club -~of Chambersburg, Pa., held an exhibit in an empty storeroom, the week beginning Feb:'12, 1917. One corner of the exhibit was given over to the winter foods of the birds. A very ee BIRD-EXHIBIT AT CHAMBERSBURG, PA., FEBRUARY 12, 1917 Pos 336 attractive part of the exhibit was a col- lection of nests kindly loaned by Miss Adelaide Bird of Wilson College. More than a hundred nesting-boxes had been brought in by the school-children of town and also by children from the rural schools. The members of our Junior Audubon Societies were, of course, most interested. Prizes were awarded to those having made the best boxes. Hundreds and hundreds of people came in during the week and showed the greatest interest in the work of this Committee. We were especially pleased to have many visitors from dis- tant parts of the county. It means so much to interest our rural friends, for they can do so much more than we can when they become fully alive to the importance of bird-protection.—HELEN M. Setters, Chambersburg, Pa. A Singing Blue Jay We have a Blue Jay in our neighbor- hood which has been singing the follow- ing ‘song’ all summer: (Sung two octaves higher than written.) I i | i it a i l eS! we! He gives the exact pitch of these three notes, according to my piano, and appar- ently he is much pleased with his new composition, for he sings it over and over, very emphatically, day after day. The Blue Jays have a great variety of notes, but I have never before heard these. —Emity C. H. Armstronc, Hyde Park, Mass. Strange Behavior of a Robin Very curious behavior on the part of a Robin was witnessed this past summer by various members of my family and my- self. At the rear of our bungalow (near the north shore of Long Island) two elec- tric light wires are stretched past the kitchen windows, about parallel with the wall of the house and with the ground. They are some 34 feet from the windows, and a foot or so below the top. The Robin would perch on the nearer Bird - Lore wire, fly vigorously against one of the panes of glass, and then down to a small post, where the railing of the steps joins the horizontal railing of the landing. This post is almost directly under the wire and about on a level with the window-sill. Flying up from this post to the wire, he would repeat the ‘stunt’ indefinitely. It appeared to be done simply for the fascination of dashing his breast (with wings spread) against the glass. There was no attempt to get through or past the glass, no fluttering against the pane as if trying to reach some object inside— simply the thump against the window and the quick slanting flight. to the post (or, occasionally, directly back to the wire). This was repeated sometimes two or three times a minute and probably two or three hundred times a day. At first the pres- ence of a person in the kitchen would frighten him away to a near-by tree; but soon he became quite indifferent to one moving about inside, and even vigorous measures to scare him away, such as shooing, clapping hands, and _ throwing water at him, served only to send him off for the moment. At the end of five or six days we tied a strip of burlap across the upper portion of the window, against which he habit- ually flew. He then flew against the lower part of the window or against the other window, and even occasionally against the screen door. The whole performance lasted about two weeks, when he desisted and disappeared as suddenly as he came. The period was about the second and third weeks of July. There was never any sign that the bird was injuring him- self or suffering any ill effects from his encounters with the window. It is possible, of course, that the first time the Robin flew against the, glass, he was seeking to get beyond it to some object in the kitchen, though no particu- lar article seemed to us a likely objective. As stated above, there was no indication of such a purpose by the time his actions had come to our attention. We should be very glad to hear whether similar actions have been observed before, Notes from Field and Study and, if so, what explanation of them is accepted.—HERBERT L. Cowinc, Whit- neyville, Conn. [Similar actions by several species of birds have, from time to time, been recorded in Brrp-Lore. In most instances the bird appears to mistake its own image, reflected in the glass, for that of an individual of its own species against which it vainly but persistently launches its attacks.—Ep.] Cardinal Capturing a Cicada That the Cardinal is not averse to par- taking of insect food, and will even make considerable effort to secure it, is borne out by the following little incident which I observed on my lawn in Iowa City, August 18, 1917. My first intimation of the affair occurred when I heard the quickly repeated chuck of a Cardinal, accompanied by the notes of a cicada (Cicada sp.), sounded very rapidly, as if the insect were much dis- turbed or excited. Upon looking in the direction of the commotion, I saw, fly- ing rapidly toward the ground, 30 feet away from me, a cicada attempting to escape from a closely pursuing male Cardinal. The insect swerved and twisted in its flight, circling through a small cedar tree in attempting to evade his pursuer, but the Cardinal was not to be denied, and finally captured the cicada on the wing, a few feet from the ground. All the time the cicada was giving forth its familiar singing note, though in a different tone than when undisturbed. The Cardinal alighted on the ground with his prey and began pecking the fluttering insect, apparently for the purpose of rendering it helpless. - At this stage of the proceedings, the Cardinal was attacked by a pair of House Sparrows, one of which attempted to steal the insect from its captor, but the Cardinal flew into a small bush, closely pursued by the female House Sparrow, which was unsuccessful in wresting the prize from its rightful possessor. The pursued Cardinal flew back again from 337 the bush to the ground near its original position when attacked by the Sparrows, and quickly proceeded to break off the wings of the cicada. The bird seemed rather to cut off the wings by sudden pressure of the mandibles, accompanied by a quick sidewise jerk of the head, and I was sufficiently close to the entire per- formance to hear distinctly the snap as the bird severed the insect’s wings from its body. The Cardinal then pecked two or three holes in the cicada and flew away with the now helpless insect. The whole affair, as above described, occupied a period of not more than two minutes.— Dayton STONER, Jowa City, Iowa. Evening Grosbeaks at Cadillac, Mich. I notice the report on Evening Gros- beaks often and wish to state that, a year ago last February, I had the pleasure of seeing a flock of fourteen of these beau- tiful birds at Cadillac, Mich., nine of them males and five females. They were feeding on box elder shade trees along the streets of the city in a much-used traffic portion. They paid no attention to travel of man or beast. I observed them by stand- ing directly in front of the short tree in which they were feeding and enjoyed to the fullest their chatter and lively feeding. I, again, this last March, in the same city, observed a flock of twenty-seven birds, of which I counted eighteen males and only nine females. I wonder if the males usually out-number the females among this species of winter migrants to these parts. Winter birds seemed unusually plenti- ful the past year in Michigan. I noticed an abundance of Chickadees, while Snow- buntings and Purple Finches were more abundant than I have ever noticed them in this state, and more especially was this true of the northern part of the southern peninsula. I have also noticed the Black- billed Cuckoos as far north as Antrim County, near the Mackinaw Straits, an unusual occurrence.—ETHAN W. THOMP- SON, 503 Fuller Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich. 338 Bird - Lore THE SEASON . IV. August 15 to October 15 Boston ReGion.—Autumn came early this year; summer, delayed by the late spring, was shortened by the frosts of September. : One would suppose that the birds which had postponed breeding so long would not be ready to migrate on their customary dates. However, this was not the case, even with the birds that leave this region in August. For example, Chimney Swifts, Least Flycatchers, and Bobolinks, al- though two weeks behind time in arriv- ing on their breeding-grounds, left, as usual, late in August. During the latter half of this month there was a conspicuous Warbler migration, made up chiefly of Ovenbirds, and Black and White and Tennessee Warblers. There was prac- tically no autumnal flight of Red-breasted Nuthatches. During September, birds were scarce and no heavy flight was noted. Bay- breasted and Cape May Warblers were prominent during the month, but the Black-poll, usually our most abundant Warbler of the autumn, occurred rarely. At present (October 15) Hermit Thrushes, White-throated Sparrows, Slate-colored Juncos, and Myrtle War- blers are in active migration, the last three in large numbers. The Myrtle War- bler, one of the most regular migrants, did not appear until the second week of October—two weeks late. Chipping Spar- rows have gathered in flocks, often of fifty birds or more, in preparation for departure.—Winsork M. TyLer, M.D., Lexington, Mass. New York City Rrecion.—Our sum- mer residents have been leaving us’ at about their regular times, notwithstand- ing the fact that caterpillars, in most remarkable variety of species and number of individuals, have been thronging the countryside. The shore-bird migration was, on the whole, normal in dates and numbers, though Mr. J. T. Nichols states that departure dates were a little late at Mastic, L. I., and that he saw rather fewer Black-bellied Plover and more Western and Stilt Sandpipers than usual there. The autumn transients of the Warbler family were late in appearing, but! have passed through in about their usual numbers, except that the Black- poll, normally one of the most abundant, has been scarce, and others possibly some- what so. The winter residents also are somewhat behind their schedule; White- throated Sparrows and Juncos were rather late in reaching us at all, and while both should now (October 15) be abundant, the former is no more than fairly common, and but few of the latter have been seen. Of the Red-breasted Nuthatch, so com- mon two years ago and still more so last year, only one individual has been re- ported to me (by Mr. G. E. Hix). (This species was noticeably scarce in the White Mountains this season; and Pine Siskins and White-winged and Red Crossbills were absent or nearly so there.) Black-cap Chickadees are not common.—CHARLES H. Rocers, American Museum of Nat- ural History, New York City. PHILADELPHIA ReEGIoN.—August tem- perature averaged three degrees above normal. No unusual movement of birds was observed. A number of trips along the New Jersey coast showed shore-birds present in increased numbers; this was especially noticeable among the smaller species, particularly the Sanderling. The Federal Law, no doubt, has aided materi- ally in bringing this about. Maimed birds, hopping about on one foot, plainly showed, however, that the law had been disregarded by some. Common Terns and Laughing Gulls were common at all points visited, perhaps more so than for a number of years. Ospreys, I think, were present in normal numbers, though they are thought by some to be less common than formerly. Notes from Field and Study A field-trip at Cape May, N. J., August 2s, with David G. Baird, Dr. Witmer Stone, and J. Fletcher Street brought to light a Piping Plover, a Loggerhead Shrike, two small colonies of Short- billed Marsh Wrens, and a pair of Mock- ingbirds with a single young in juvenal plumage. Mr. Baird had noticed the adult Mockingbirds several times during the spring and summer. Mr. Street had previously located the Marsh Wrens on August 12. On August 26 the writer had the good fortune to see an Egret and two Little Blue Herons, no doubt part of a flock of these two species Mr. Stone had seen in the same locality about two weeks before. Probably there was an influx of Little Blue Herons into southern New Jersey during the late summer, as I have been informed that ‘‘White Herons’’ were observed at several different points. September brought its usual quota of autumn transients. The weather averaged three degrees above normal, though espec- ially cold from the 8th to the r2th. On the roth large numbers of Redstarts were observed; apparently their presence was due to the sudden cold wave, but it may have been a perfectly normal move- ment, as no marked increase in any other species was observed. The first Herring Gull was noticed September 7 flying over, with no apparent intention of staying about here for the winter; no others were seen until October 14. These were flying about over the Delaware River and were undoubtedly winter residents.—JULIAN K. Porrer, Camden, N. J. THe WASHINGTON ReEGION.—The mi- gratory movements of birds in the vicin- ity of Washington this fall have been, as they were during the spring, very irregu- lar and somewhat out of the ordinary. Comparatively few of the Warblers and other earlier migrants made their appear- ance on time, and many of them not until considerably later than usual. The unpre- cedentedly cold weather of early Septem- ber, however, had some effect on the later birds, for several species came in advance 339 of their regular arrival. Most interest- ing of these are the Hermit Thrush, which appeared on September 21, though its average date is October 17; the Purple Finch, September 9 (average, October 21); the Ruby-crowned Kinglet, September 23 (average, October 1); and the Lesser Scaup Duck, three individuals of which we saw on August 31, whereas the earliest previous date is September 25, 1903! The cool weather, however, did not prevent several species from considerably outstay- ing their usual time, most conspicuous among which are the Rough-winged Swal- low, seen August 31; the Purple Martin, September 9 (average date of departure, August 24); Acadian Flycatcher, Septem- ber 9 (average date of departure, Septem- ber 1); and the Canadian Warbler, seen September 20 (average date of departure, September 8). One species, the Orchard Oriole, was noted by Mr. A. Wetmore on September g, seven days beyond the latest previous record, which was September 2, 1912. Of considerable interest in its effect on migratory birds is the Washington Monu- ment. This is a tapering shaft of light- colored stone, 65 feet square at its base and 555 feet high, which stands in a large open space of the city near the Potomac River. Its summit is now, and has been for a number of years, ordinarily illum- inated at night by the beam of a distant searchlight. Many migrating small birds, particularly Warblers, strike this monu- ment at night and fall dead at its base; but it does not seem to cause generally so much destruction in recent years as for-. merly when the shaft was entirely in darkness, a result just the opposite of what we should expect. During the present autumn, however, considerable loss of bird-life has been reported here, and on the morning of September 21, after a night of great activity among migrating birds, the following were picked up at the base of the monument: Northern Yellow-throat, 2; Ovenbird, 1; Black- throated Green Warbler, 1; Chestnut- sided Warbler, 1; Canadian Warbler, 1; American Redstart, 1. Fortunately for 340 the birds, this great obelisk does not seem to be so dangerous as many lighthouses, which, by their brilliant lights, are much more seductive. The Chimney Swifts are, as usual, roosting in large chimneys in the midst of the city of Washington. On two occa- sions, September 7 and 8, a flock of 300 to 400 was seen circling and entering a chimney from 10.30 to 11 o’clock, A.M. At that hour, on the first of these days, the weather was rainy, and on the other, damp and lowery. An incident of bird-life, interesting from more than one standpoint, is a roost of European Starlings in one of the parks of the city, which was, throughout the months of August and September, occu- pied nightly by from 100 to 500 birds. The species has evidently come to Wash- ington to stay, for there were several instances of its breeding in this vicinity during the past season. Occupying this same roost with the Starlings, and often associated with them in their flights to the place of rendezvous, were from 1,000 to 4,000 Purple Grackles. There were also, roosting with these, several thousand Purple Martins, an account of which appears in another article in the present number of Brrp-LoRE.—HArRRy C. OBER- HOLSER, Biological Survey, Washingion, Diets OBERLIN ReEGION.—The most notable thing about the birds during the summer was the late singing and the late nesting of most of them. This was due, no doubt, to the exceptionally cold summer. Most of the birds were in nearly full song, even as late as the first week of September. The migrations of transient birds began early in July, as usual, but the numbers of individuals was considerably increased over what is regarded as the average. Semipalmated Plover, Semi- palmated Sandpipers, and Caspian Terns were noted on July 6. Swallows, Swifts, and Martins had left the region by the last week of August, which is much earlier than normal. Swifts are usually found until the last week of September, and Tree Bird - Lore Swallows often linger into late October. On the other hand, transient Warblers are still present and seem to find abundant food among the leaves which still cling to the trees. The birds which feed almost exclusively upon flying insects which they catch in mid-air departed from two to four weeks early, while the seed-eaters and those which feed largely upon larve remained later than usual. This can be correlated with the available food-supply of each group.—Lynps Jones, Oberlin, Ohio. June 15—August 15 DENVER ReEGIoN.—The year 1917 has been of exceptional interest, ornitholog- ically speaking, in this region, and while the period from June 15 to August 15 has exhibited no startling events, yet it has, in a measure, partaken of the unusual con- ditions characterizing 1917. The Denver Region has been, and re- mains unusually verdant, and a much larger area than ordinary has been cul- tivated this season; whether or not these two conditions have lead to the return of several species and an increase in the frequency of others, the writer feels unable to decide. There is a much larger number of Bullock’s Orioles in and about Denver than for several years past. The writer’s records also seem to show a noticeable increase of Arkansas Gold- finches and a decidedly unusual number of Pale Goldfinches in Denver and its envi- rons. Pine Siskins frequently linger about the city after the first brood is raised, until late in June, but all seemed to dis- appear this year from the Denver Region some time before June 15. It is highly probable that the Western House Wren has nested successfully in Denver before, but such an occurrence has never, in twenty-three years’ experi- ence here, fallen to the writer’s notice. This summer, however, a pair built a spurious nest in a nesting-box on the writer’s premises, but placed their true nest in a neighboring yard; and it is highly probable that the Western Yellow- Notes from Field and Study throat nested in the outskirts, though no nest was detected. So far as the writer can recall, he never saw so many Mourning Doves, nor so few Hawks in any corres- ponding ‘June 15 to August 15’ in the past, notwithstanding that a good deal of time has been spent motoring in the suburbs and the outlying areas. On the other hand, it is a pleasure to know that the Golden Eagle, the Turkey Vulture, and the Black Swift are still with us, since all three species have been seen at different times within 25 miles of Denver, between the dates that this report covers. : Shore-birds were heard migrating southward first on the night of August 12; Robins and Chipping Sparrows were observed gathering in small flocks on this date also, a very early one, due, perhaps, to a temporary ‘cold spell’ or to the early onset of low temperatures in the near-by mountains. The usual Flycatchers have been in evidence, also Kingbirds, Arkansas King- birds, and Wood Pewees; and _ twice Cassin’s Kingbird has been seen within the city limits. The companionable Black-headed Grosbeak has been very 341 common; none of our summer birds is more of a lasting joy than this delightful singer, and his soft note of gentle encour- agement to his mate or young would be missed sadly were this bird to disappear or leave us. The rank and file of our bird population did not fail us this summer; Robins, Chipping Sparrows, Yellow War- blers, Warbling Vireos, Bronzed Grackles, Brewer’s Blackbirds, Say’s Phcebes, Nighthawks, and a few Plumbeous Vireos helped to keep alive one’s daily interest in his bird neighbors. It is a renewed source of regret, disap- pointment, and resentment that our beautiful Mountain Bluebird has been almost completely frustrated in its attempt at nesting in Denver by the House Spar- row; the writer knows of no successful nesting within Denver during this past summer.—W. H. BERGTOLD, Denver, Colo. [Norr.—It gives us pleasure to add the name of Dr. Thomas S. Roberts, of Minne- apolis, to the list of authorities on local bird-life who are now contributing to ‘The Season.’ We hope in time to have this bi-monthly record of events in the bird world cover most of the country.—Ep.] WINTER NEIGHBORS TREE SPARROW AND DOWNY WOODPECKER Photographed by Verdi Burtch, Branchport, N. Y. 342 Thirty-fifth Congress of the American Ornithologists’ Union The thirty-fifth Congress of the Ameri- can Ornithologists’ Union was held in Cambridge, Mass., Nov. 12-14, 1917. At a meeting of the Fellows of the Union, which convened at the Colonial Club on the afternoon of the r4th, Mr. P. A. Taverner was elected to fill the one vacancy existing in the class of Fellows. On the evening of the same day, at the same place, the Fellows and Members gathered to conduct the affairs of the annual business meeting of the Union. At this meeting, Mr. Arthur Humble Evans, of Cambridge, England, and Mr. William Lutler Sclater, of London, were elected Honorary Fellows, and Mr. F. E. Beddard, of London, a Corresponding Fellow. The following Associates were raised to the rank of Members: Rollo H. Beck, foremost collector of marine birds, leader of the Brewster-Sanford expedition to the coasts of southern South America; Win- throp S. Brooks, who has conducted im- portant ornithological explorations for the Museum of Comparative Zodlogy; James P. Chapin, who for six years repre- sented the American Museum in the upper Congo region of Africa; Francis H. Harper, now with the Biological Survey, who has investigated the bird-life of the great Slave Lake region for the Canadian Government; and Dr. Winsor M. Tyler, a leading authority on New England bird-life. There were also elected 112 Associate Members. The public sessions of the Union, for the presentation and discussion of scientific papers, were held at the museum of Com- parative Zodlogy November 13-15. Among the papers read were some of unusual interest, containing additions to our knowledge of birds as well as the country they inhabit. In addition to studies of North American birds, reports were presented on ornithological explora- tions in the West Indies, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, British Guiana, Peru, the coast of southern South America, and China and Africa. The Union was entertained daily at luncheon by the Nuttall Club of Cam- bridge, and an evening at the Boston Society of Natural History and _ the annual subscription dinner gave addi- tional opportunities for the social inter- course which always forms such a delight- ful and also important part of an A. O. U. Congress. Bird - Lore PROGRAM In Memoriam—Edgar Alexander Mearns. Dr. Charles W. Richmond, Washington, D. C. Cape May, New Jersey, and its Bird-life. Dr. Witmer Stone, Philadelphia, Pa. A Purple Martin-roost in the City of Washington. Harry C. Oberholser, Washington, D. C. Demonstration of a Feeding-slab. William E. Saunders, London, Ont. Notes on Guiana Birds. C. William Beebe, New York City. Illustrated with slides. The Limicole of the State of Washington. J. Hooper Bowles, Tacoma, Wash. Birds on Turrialba. Illustrated by lantern-slides. Charles H. Rogers, New York City. The Present St itus of our Black-capped Petrel. With exhibition of skins and lantern-slides. G. Kingsley Noble, Cambridge, Mass. A Four-months’ Collecting Trip in Nicaragua. W. DeWitt Miller, New York City. | In Audubon’s Labrador. Illustrated by lantern- slides. Dr. Charles W. Townsend, Boston, Mass. é Notes on the Breeding Warblers of Central New York. Illustrated by lantern-slides. Prof. Arthur A. Allen, Ithaca, N. Y. The Discovery of the Breeding-ground of the Large-billed Sparrow, and its Consequences. Harry C. Oberholser, Washington, D. C. ‘Sight Records’—a Problem of Present-day Orni- thology. Dr. Witmer Stone. Philadelphia, Pa. Ornithological Work in 1917. Discussion by the members. Ferruginous Stains on Water-fowl. Kennard, Newton Centre, Mass. The Span of Life and Period of Activity of pieee te Dr. T. S. Palmer, Washington, Frederic H. Notes on Shore-bird Migration. John Treadwell Nichols, New York City. A Review of the Work of ‘the Asiatic Zodlogical Expedition of the American Museum of Natural History. Illustrated by lantern-slides. Roy C. Andrews, New York City. An Ornithological Journey from the Tableland to the Tropics in Peru. Illustrated by lantern- slides. Dr. Frank M. Chapman, New York City. The Explorations of Rollo H. Beck in South America and the West Indies for the Brewster- Sandford Collection. Illustrated by lantern- caps Robert Cushman Murphy, Brooklyn, Notes on Oceanites oceanicus. Murphy, Brooklyn. N. Y Vincent Barnard, an Early Pennsylvania Orni- thologist. Dr. Witmer Stone, Philadelphia, Pa. Tail-feathers and Their Upper Coverts. Dr. Hubert Lyman Clark, Cambridge, Mass. Two Wounded Birds. Mrs. E. O. Marshall, New Salem, Mass. Responsive Notes of Some African Bush-Shrikes. Dr. Glover M. Allen, Boston, Mass. The Future of the Federal Bird Reservations Illustrated by lantern-slides. Dr. George W. Field. Washington, D. C. Additional Studies of Some Eastern Birds in Motion Pictures. Howard H. Cleaves, New Brighton, N. Y. Exhibition of a Reel of Motion Pictures of a Loon, taken by the Hon. George D. Pratt. Robert Cushman Murphy, Brooklyn, N. Y. Robert Cushman Book Pews and Kebiews A List or AVIAN SPECIES FOR WHICH THE Type Locatity Is SoutH CAROLINA. By ArtHuR TIEZEVANT WAYNE. Con- tribution from Charleston Museum, III, 1917, pages 1-8. To Mark Catesby properly belongs the title ‘Father of American Ornithology.’ He was the first naturalist to write a formal treatise on the birds of any part of North America and his great folio volume, published in London as a part of his- Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands (1731-48), was a remarkable production for that period. Catesby, as Mr. Wayne tells us, arrived in South Carolina May 23, 1722, and passed the following year in the coast region. He then visited the upper, and as yet unsettled, parts of the state. Of the seventy-six birds which Mr. Wayne here includes as having been described from South Carolina, no less than fifty- seven were first formally presented to the world by Catesby. Among these are the Wood Duck, Bob-white, Passenger Pigeon, Carolina Paroquet, Kingfisher, Ruby-throated Hummingbird, and others now so widely known that it carries the mind far back in the history of our country to think of a time when knowledge of their existence was not common property. Obviously, many of the birds which Catesby described and figured (for exam- ple, the Paroquet and Passenger Pigeon) were familiar to the early settlers, not to mention the aboriginal inhabitants of the country in which they lived. ‘If by the discovery, then, we should mean when a certain animal first attracted the attention of man, we would never be able to name the actual date of discovery of most of our larger and more conspicu- ous or economically valuable forms of life. To the ornithological mind, however, it is enough to know when a species of bird first came to the notice of a person sufficiently interested to publish his ob- servations concerning it. In this sense Catesby may be called the real discoverer of most of the birds he describes. ~ Points of view are compara- tive, and, landing in a new world, he naturally expected to see new sights and new forms of life. No other ornithologist alas! will ever explore so virgin a field as South Carolina was to Catesby in 1722. We are grateful to Mr. Wayne for a brochure, which aside from its technical value, makes a strong appeal to the imag- ination through the emphasis it places on the results of Catesby’s labors.—F. M. C. Our Back-pooR NEIGHBORS. By FRANK C. PeLttetr. The Abington Press, New York and Cincinnati. 12mo. 209 pages; numerous half-tones from photographs. Price, $1.50. Mr. Pellett is evidently a born natur- alist with a keen and loving interest in the various forms of life which live about him, whether bird, mammal, or insect. He writes of Hawks, Owls, and Crows, bees, turtles, rabbits, skunks, and caterpillars with equal enthusiasm, adding to our knowledge of their habits and increasing our interest in them. Mr. Pellett’s style is pleasing, unaf- fected, and sympathetic. His _ photo- graphs illustrate his text and both are well designed to arouse us to the world which lies at our back door.—F. M. C. Ornithological Magazines Tue Auxk.—The October issue closes the thirty-fourth year of the magazine and finds it even more vigorous than in its earlier days. It opens with ‘A Study of Subsequent Nestings after the Loss of the First’? by H. Mousley, who throws some light on a subject to which a host of egg- collectors might well devote attention. Some excellent half-tones of sets of Warblers’ eggs accompany the article. The ‘Nesting of the Cape May Warbler at Lake Edward, Quebec, is recorded by H. F. Merriam. (343) 344 Alaska receives some attention at the hands of C. A. Gianini under title ‘Some Alaska Peninsula Bird Notes’ and of G. D. Hanna under title ‘The Summer Birds of the St. Matthew Island Bird Reservation.’ The status of Larus thayeri, Thayer’s Gull,’ is discussed by J. Dwight, and a plate of wing-tips is shown. ‘Notes on Long Island (N. Y.) Birds,’ by J. T. Nichols, R. C. Murphy and L. Griscom, is of considerable local interest, and on similar lines may be cited ‘Remarks on Colorado Birds’ by W. P. Lowe; ‘Further Notes on Alabama Birds’ by L. S. Golsan and E. G. Holt, ‘Ontario Bird-Notes’ by H. Lloyd, and ‘Some Notes on Connecticut Birds’ by I. N. Gabrielson, all of these articles contain- ing more items of value than their titles indicate. ‘Notes on the Kennicott’s Screech Owl (Otus asio kennicotti) in the Puget Sound Region,’ by J. H. Bowles, is a contribution to the life-history of this bird. A paper on a new topic, ‘The Shedding of the Stomach Lining by Birds, Particu- larly as Exemplified by the Anatide’ is the result of some careful work by W. L. McAtee in a field of research that promises more in the future. That extensive des- quamation should take place in gizzards, the food-grinding organs of birds, is not surprising, but the writer’s observations, illustrated with half-tones, present the subject in a new light. ‘Notes on North American Birds, III’ and ‘Notes on the Genus Pufinus Bris- son,’ by H. C. Oberholser, are purely technical. ‘Personalia in Ornithology—Report of the Committee on Biography and Bibliog- raphy,’ by T. S. Palmer, outlines work that may be accomplished through coéper- ation along these lines. ‘The Niche Relationships of the Cali- fornia Thrasher’ is discussed by J. Grin- nell in language that at times may be understood only by the elect, but we read that “These various circumstances, which emphazise dependence upon cover and adaptation in physical structure and tem- perament thereto, go to demonstrate the Bird - Lore nature of the ultimate associational niche, occupied by the California Thrasher.” In binding the numbers of this volume, we must not forget to place the ‘List of Members,’ now located in the April issue, where it belongs.—J. D. Tue Conpor.—The contents of ‘The Condor’ for September, 1917, include five general articles, one each on the birds of Colorado, Southern California, and Texas, one historical, and one containing a description of a new subspecies. Brad- bury’s ‘Notes on the Nesting Habits of the Clarke Nutcracker in Colorado’ are based on observations made by H. H. Sheldon in Saguache County in March and April, 1916, and are illustrated by four half-tones. ‘Red Letter Days in Southern California,’ by Mrs. Bailey, is an account of the birds, mainly Ibises, Herons, Avocets, Stilts, Yellow-legs, Gadwalls and Cinnamon Teal at Lake Elsinore and San Jacinto Lake in August, 1907. ‘Some Birds of the Davis Moun- tains, Texas,’ by A. P. Smith, contains notes on 45 of the hundred or more species observed during a six weeks’ trip in Sep- tember and October, 1916. Many of these birds are species of wide range in the Southwest, and some are more or less common in certain parts of California. A brief account of ‘Botta’s Visit to Cali- fornia’ in 1827-28 is given by Palmer, with the dates at which the various places were visited and the localities where the types of the Roadrunner and Anna’s Hummingbird were probably collected. Under the name Passerella iliaca monoen- sis Grinnell and Storer have described ‘A New Race of Fox Sparrow, from the Vicinity of Mono Lake, California.’ This new Fox Sparrow ‘adds another race to the assemblage of pale-colored forms breed- ing in the western United States.” Among the short notes is an account by Tyler of the discovery on May 25, 1917, of the nest of Wilson’s Phalarope, 12 miles southwest of Fresno. This note is espe- cially interesting as it is the southernmost breeding record of this bird in California. —T.S. P. Editorial Bird-Lore A Bi-Monthly Magazine Devoted to the Study and Protection of Birds OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE AUDUBON SOCIETIES Edited by FRANK M. CHAPMAN Contributing Editor, MABEL OSGOOD WRIGHT Published by D. APPLETON & CO. Vol. XIX Published December 1,1917 No. 6 SUBSCRIPTION RATES Price in the United States, one dollar and fifty cents a year; outside the United States, one dollar and seventy-five cents, postage paid. COPYRIGHTED, 1917, BY FRANK M. CHAPMAN Bird-Lore’s Motto: - A Bird in the Bush Is Worth Two in the Hand BEYOND question the most valuable and useful information which Brrp-Lore has ever been privileged to present to its readers is the series of papers on bird- migration contributed by the late Wells W. Cooke. Based upon the hundreds of thousands of records made by volunteer observers throughout the country for the Biological Survey, these papers, in most instances, are essentially complete outlines of the routes and times of migration in North America of a large proportion of our passerine birds. From them we may learn when to look for the birds in the spring, how long they will remain with us, and when the fall migrants and winter visitants will come in the autumn; and all this, not at one locality, but at a selected list of localities covering the birds’ North American range. These papers, therefore, tell us not only when a certain bird should reach our own | vicinity, but give, as it were, a time-table of its journey, which enables us to deter- mine its rate of speed. Surely no informa- tion could be of greater practical value to the field-student who would be on the alert to see every bird which visits his region than that which is contained in this unequaled series of papers. For this reason we announce, with unusual satisfaction, that through the courtesy of Mr. E. W. Nelson, Chief of the Biological Survey, Dr. Harry C. Ober- holser, who is continuing the studies of 345 bird-migration begun by the late Professor Cooke, will also continue the series of papers in Brrp-LoreE interrupted by Pro- fessor Cooke’s sad and untimely death. The first paper in this second series appears in this number. It treats of the five species of Swallows figured in our frontispiece. We plan later to present the migration dates of the Martin and Barn Swallow figured in Brrp-LoreE for Septem- ber—October, in order that the migration records of all our species of the highly migratory, widely distributed, and easily observed birds of this family may be complete. To this important announcement we add only the assurance that the contents of the twentieth volume of Birp-Lore will depend closely upon the support which is accorded it. To the serial papers on migration, plumages, and season, and the standing departments, we hope to be in position to print all the interesting articles and notes contributed by our readers—contributions which have in- creased in number and value as the number and experience of our readers has grown. ° REFERENCE to the frontispiece of this number should not be made without call- ing especial attention to it as, in our opinion, one of the most convincing expressions of Mr. Fuertes’ rare gifts with which we are familiar. We do not \refér to the accuracy of detail and color, which we expect in Fuertes’ drawings, but to the exceptional success which has here attended his effort to portray Swallow character. Not only is each bird in the plate a Swallowin every outward essential, but also in those intangible qualities, so difficult to describe and still so obvious to the experienced, observant bird-student. Furthermore, the young Swallows, al- though they are fully feathered, have an unmistakably immature look, and finally, the birds are so skilfully grouped that the six figures do not appear to be unduly crowded. One rarely sees a more attrac- tive bird plate. Che Audubon Societies SCHOOL DEPARTMENT Edited by ALICE HALL WALTER Address all communications relative to the work of this depart- ment to the Editor, 67 Oriole Avenue, Providence, A CHRISTMAS GREETING “Thoughts of peace and not of evil.’’—Jer. 29:11 ? “. . Joy and gladness, and cheerful feasts; therefore love the truth and peace.’ —Zach. 8:19. MAKING THE WORLD SAFE Everywhere the word has gone forth that the world must be made a safer place to live in. This dictum is just as applicable to bird-life as to human life, if one stops to consider the consequences of existence in an unsafe world. How extremely dangerous a place for birds this country of ours has been for many years is indicated by the enormous annual toll wantonly taken of bird-life. Conditions have been quite as bad, and worse, in most other countries. Let us be awake now to the possibilities of educating public sentiment to a realiza- tion of what general good may accrue to all by safeguarding our birds. It is earnestly hoped that Audubon Societies will make a particular effort to do three things now in order to advance, rather than retard, such wise measures of legislation as have already been passed in the interest of conserv- ing bird-life and other resources: 1. Arrange some form of instruction whereby not only citizens but also students of every grade may be made acquainted with the general aim of the game-laws of the states in which they reside, emphasizing the basis of such laws and calling attention particularly to those species of birds which are in greatest danger of extermination. 2. Set about a quiet but convincing campaign to bring women to under- stand that’ the use of prohibited plumage on hats is just as criminal as many offenses which they would not hesitate to condemn. That wings, aigrettes, and even entire birds are still too frequently seen on women’s hats is sufficient reason for undertaking such a campaign. In the October, 1917, number of the American Museum Journal, a most instructive article on Ostrich farming explains the situation of legitimate feather industry clearly and without pre- judice. A wider distribution of this article is much to be desired. 3. Take up lines of work which will correlate food-conservation with bird- and nature-study. It is not well to sit back with folded hands and free con- science, thinking that everyone is informed about food-conservation. People need constant assistance and instruction in this matter. At the moment of writing, sugar is scarcely to be had, and many people are not only inconve- (346) The Audubon Societies 347 nienced but troubled to know how to adjust their food-habits tosuch a shortage, which, though temporary, still has to be met wisely while it lasts. If Audubon Societies at this juncture were prepared to demonstrate the value of such a natural product as bees’ honey, for instance, accompanying the demonstration with correlated talks on the vegetation which furnishes a food-supply to bees and is protected from insect depredations by birds, and also methods of bee- keeping, it would be a timely aid in a national emergency. Make the year that is to come one of very real value along educational lines.—A. H. W. THE HARVEST “Oh, ’tis sweet, when fields are ringing With the merry crickets’ singing, Oft to mark with curious eye If the vine-tree’s time be nigh: Here is now the fruit whose birth Cost a throe to Mother Earth. Sweet it is, too, to be telling, How the luscious figs are swelling: Then to riot without measure In the rich, nectareous treasure, While our grateful voices chime,—. Happy season! blessed time.” —From The Peace, by Aristophanes, (who lived about 450-380 B.C.) JUNIOR AUDUBON WORK For Teachers and Pupils Exercise XXXVI: Correlated with History, Nature-Study and Observation CHRISTMAS IN 1917 While all the world strives daily to contrive some better way to live, some new device to save the precious resources upon which life depends, and to dis- cover some means of knowledge of useful arts now unpractised by men, whereby the conditions of all may be uplifted, Christmas draws near, bringing a sadder yet more hopeful message than ever before in your lifetime or mine. This will be an anxious holiday season in many homes throughout the land, where empty places may not soon be filled by accustomed cheery faces. It will be a holiday season of hope everywhere, for those whose faith in happier days and nobler things is strong and serene. It is well in all this tumult of strife and disaster to think calmly and to open the mind to new ideals of daily living. There have been other times when the world was in commotion and people 348 Bird - Lore were reaching out and up toward something higher. Aristophanes, a Greek poet who lived four centuries before Christ, pictures in lines of beautiful though quaint conceit, the world of his day, which was struggling for purer ideals of democracy. In Athens, where he lived, law and order not infrequently were upset by headstrong, ambitious men or enemies of a free government. Perhaps to point the way to a higher conception of the state, Aristophanes wrote a merry play entitled ‘“‘The Birds,” in which two citizens of Athens, by name Peisthetairus and Euelpides, engage the birds to build a new city in mid-air, called ‘Cloud-Cuckoo-borough,’ which shall enjoy the benefits of nearness to the gods and at the same time cut off quarreling communities below from those privileges which belong to those who observe order and right living. This new city is described by the messenger who comes down to announce its completion to Peisthetairus as ‘‘a most amazing, astonishing work,” with its surrounding wall so broad that two four-in-hand chariots might with ease be driven abreast upon it. Peisthetairus exclaims: “You surprise me,’ as follows: - ’ and the narrative continues Mess. And the height (for I made the measurement myself) Is exactly a hundred fathoms. PEIS. Heaven and earth! Mess. How could it be? such a mass! who could have built it? The Birds; no creature else, no foreigners, Egyptians brick-layers, workmen or masons, But they themselves, alone, by their own efforts,— (Even to my surprise, as an eye-witness) The Birds, I say, completed everything: There came a body of thirty thousand cranes, (I won’t be positive, there might be more) With stones from Africa in their craws and gizzards, Which the stone-curlews and stone-chatterers Worked into shape and finished. The sand-martens And mud-larks, too, were busy in their department, Mixing the mortar, while the water-birds, As fast as it was wanted, brought the water To temper and work it. Peis. (In a fidget.) But who served the masons? Whom did you get to carry it? MEss. To carry it? Of course, the carrion crows and carrying pigeons. Peis. (In a fuss, which he endeavors to conceal.) Yes! yes! but after all, to load your hods, How did you manage that? MEss. - Oh, capitally, I promise you. There were the geese, all barefoot Trampling the mortar, and when all was ready They handed it into the hods, so cleverly, With their flat feet. Pema Yt The Audubon Societies 349 Pets. (A bad joke as a vent for irritation.) They footed it, you mean— Come; it is handily done though, I confess. Mess. Indeed, I assure you it was a sight to see them; And trains of ducks there were clambering the ladders With their duck legs, like bricklayers’ ’prentices, All dapper and handy, with their little trowels. Peis. In fact, then, it’s no use engaging foreigners; Mere folly and waste, we’ve all within ourselves. Ah, well now, come! But about the woodwork? Heh! Who were the carpenters? Answer me that! Mess. The woodpeckers, of course: and there they were, Laboring upon the gates, driving and banging, With their hard hatchet beaks, and such a din, - Such a clatter as they made, hammering and hacking, In a perpetual peal, pelting away ‘Like shipwrights, hard at work in the arsenal, And now their work is finished, gates and all, Staples and bolts, and bars and everything; The sentries at their posts; patrols appointed; The watchman in the barbican; the beacons Ready prepared for lighting; all their signals Arranged— =... .” —(Frere’s Translation) From this aérial city constructed by the birds, the poet skilfully paints things as he wishes they might be in his beloved Athens, showing for all time to come the strength and beauty of an ideal commonwealth. Christmastide is the symbol to us of an ideal, of a brighter, better time. Our own part in bringing this ideal to pass we sometimes overlook, in our expectancy for gifts and good wishes. This season, let us put aside the desire for many gifts, being content with good wishes and the opportunity to make gifts to others in less favored lands, where there can be no old-time Christmas until peace returns. If we are doubtful as to what we can do to make the Christmas season a welcome one, let us turn to very practical ways of making it a time of cheer. Three things everyone can do with little effort: 1. Show people, especially sick and shut-in people, how to keep lunch- counters for birds about their homes. _2. Send cards or letters with a message of cheer from the birds to those who are sick in hospitals, or cut off from the life of towns and villages in asylums, or to those refugees and destitute ones abroad, who live in fear and silence, deprived of home and friends. 3. Study daily to improve your powers of observation, your knowledge of nature, and the benefits you may enjoy with others by conserving bird-life and all other natural resources. A very practical suggestion for right living and the improvement of natural resources was made by a Greek named Athenzus, who lived about a century later than the poet Aristophanes. In discussing the subject of ‘How to Pre- 350 Bird - Lore serve the Health,’ Athenzus said that honey was a pure food of great value, and that those who eat bread and honey for breakfast ‘“were free from disease all their life,’ and, morever, were very long-lived. He referred, of course, to bees’ honey, a resource which we use but sparingly, owing to our lack of interest in learning how to keep bees. A study of the vegetation about us, with a few demonstrations about the proper care of a hive of bees, would put within the means of many a family a delicious and nourishing food. Let us study this subject during the winter, along with our study of birds, and next spring add a window-hive of bees to the school-room, as a means of becoming familiar with one of the most interesting and remarkable life-histories in Nature. Make this Christmas a time of new ideals, new hopes, and new enterprises.—A. H. W. “Let us look on the tree-clad mountain-crest, On the sacred earth where the fruits rejoice, On the waters that murmur east and west, On the tumbling sea with his moaning voice. And the gifts of the gods that know not stain, And a people of mortals that know not fear. —From The Clouds, by Aristophanes. (Andrew Lang’s Translation) SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS Where do figs grow? What is a nectareous treasure? What is the meaning of “to mark with curious eye?” Can you think of the reason that a Greek poet should refer to Egyptian brick-layers? How were brick made by the Egyptians? What fabled belief is alluded to in the line describing cranes ‘‘With stones from Africa in their craws and gizzards?” Where are Stone-Curlews found? Stone-Chatterers? Why are they so called? Why Sand-Martins and Mud-Larks? Is the poet’s description of the habits of Woodpeckers correct? What kind of observation did this poet have? What is a barbican? What do you know about the habits of bees? about bee-keeping? The Audubon Societies 351 FOR AND FROM ADULT AND YOUNG OBSERVERS BOBBIE IN BIRDLAND A BIRD MASQUE IN TWO ACTS By ELLA FLORENCE PADON Time: Present CAST OF CHARACTERS BORBUR! roe te ais ve es A schoolboy ARTUR et oe Beatie ting yaaa ome ge NR reg ee ann a ak Friend of Bobbie WING “DAGER coi ie tee a Spats oe aay oc LE EN gly ) POELY PARROT 6 eso se on dso oe ey oe ree Ge i a RO PENNY) WOSUEN 66 es ree irra or aa ay cleans Ear Hated ene Lorne aleganns ROBIN; REDBREASD. 4. Geta Sie ss he Das, Bg att Maer SARE ven epee WV GODPECK ER ooo fee Sa See a Re es ae ane AS a ae Ua Birds BEACE BIRDS. fo ee fore ee epee pe a Ee ome are eaten 0 AS ee Ss CORTOERS Boe ee os Breet eat Rage rae wr ONC ene eay eaa ha kt a Costumes: Bobbie and Arthur, modern. The rest resembling birds. Elizabeth Gorden’s ‘Bird Children’ recommended. ACT. + SCENE 1. Forest. A pile of logs arranged like a throne at stage L. Enter birds, singing and dancing gayly, waving arms above head as if flying. Air to Humoresque.—Dvorak. 1 We come, we come, from forest here, from fields and meadow far and near, We come, we come with hearts so gay, We have heard the Eagle’s call, and hasten hither, one and all, To welcome him, our king to-day. Chorus. Hear, O hear our happy song, singing, singing all day long, Singing, singing, singing all day long, Hear, O hear our happy song, singing, singing all day long, Singing, singing, singing, singing all day long. 352 Bird - Lore 2 Weare so happy blithe and gay, so busy, busy all the day From early Spring till time to fly away, Mating, nesting, then at last the little birds come so fast, We have to search for food alway. Chorus. 3 At peep of dawn we ope our eyes and spread our wings and mount the skies, And view the earth so far below, Then down we come so hastily, to catch the early worm you see. And O, what bliss you do not know. Chorus. 4 The woods are full of lovely things, limpid pools and bubbling springs While babbling brooks go rushing by, Shady dells and blossoms sweet and bright red berries ripe to eat _ And O, such wonders round us lie. Chorus. 5 Merrily, right merrily, we flit about from tree to tree, Pouring forth our happy strain, Till man comes, and just for fun, he robs our nests, and fires his gun, And turns our joy to grief and pain. Chorus. (A gun is fired, and birds fly away.) (Enter Bobbie, gun in hand, steps about cautiously, peering up into tree. Lifts gun, aims. Enter Arthur with camera in hand.) ARrTHUR.—Hello, Bobbie, that you?’ What are you doing out here? Stop! Bobbie, don’t! (Hurries forward with hand outstretched entreatingly.) Bossie (lowers gun, looking around impatiently).—There, you scared him away! A Bluebird, too. There he goes, now! (Lifts gun, takes aim. Arthur seizes his arm.) ArtTHuR.—For shame, Bobbie; you wouldn’t kill a Bluebird, would you? Bossi (surprised).—Why sure! Why not? What are birds for, if not to kill!. Me and Jimmy Bean are trying to see which can kill the most. He’s ahead now, but I’ll have him beat all hollow before night. ArTHUR.—Why, Bobbie, don’t you know it is a shame and a disgrace to kill birds nowadays? Bossier (scornfully).—Aw, go long! What you talking about? They aren’t any- thing but birds. Why what are birds, anyway? They’re nothing but just—just—just— birds. That’s all birds are. ArtHuR.—That’s because you don’t know them. See what I’ve got? BosBie (examining camera curiously).—Why it’s a camera, isn’t it? What are you doing out here in the woods with a camera? ArTHUR.—Taking the birds’ pictures. BosBie.—Taking the birds’ pictures! Oh, my! (Goes off into a fit of laughter.) ArtTHuUR.—Certainly! Making a study of the birds. You don’t know how inter- esting it is, I have taken over thirty different kinds of birds in this very woods. You know I belong to the Audubon Society, and we are learning all about their ways and their habits, taking their pictures, and getting acquainted with them; and that’s a great deal nicer than just killing them—don’t you think so? The Audubon Societies 353 Bossre.—No, I’d rather go hunting. And when you go hunting you have to kill things. And all the men my age hunt (strikes his chest proudly). ARTHUR.—No, they don’t. That’s where you are way off. Some do yet, maybe, but men hunt mostly with the camera nowadays. You come and join our Audubon Society, and you'll learn more interesting things about birds than you ever dreamed of. BossBie.—No, I’m not going to join any Audubon Society. I’m no sissy. I’m going to hunt like the men. ArTHUR.—AIl right, Bobbie. You go on and kill the birds if you want to. But— every time you kill a bird, remember (holds up finger warningly) you are breaking up some happy little family and bringing woe and misery among the most joyous little creatures in the world. And what’s more, just put yourself in their place, and think how you would like it yourself, if you were to have some one firing a gun at you, everywhere you went. And how would you like to have your nice little home torn to pieces, your. father and mother and all your family killed before your very eyes? BossBiE.—Pooh! They don’t care. Birds haven’t any feelings. Birds don’t know anything. Birds haven’t any sense. ARTHUR.—Oh, they haven’t, have they! Well you should have been with me this morning and watched them building their nests, and feeding their little ones, and seen all their skilful ways, their clever devices, and their wise and sensible methods of doing things. You'd be surprised. In fact, if you only knew how much like folks they really were, you’d never want to kill another bird as long as you lived. Besides, we ought to feel grateful to them for all they do for us. Bossie.—For what they do for us! Why, what do you mean? ARTHUR.—Sure! Don’t you know they eat up all the worms and insects that destroy our crops? I just don’t know what we would do without them. Reckon we’d starve to death, with everything eaten up by the bugs. Oh, we’d be in a pretty fix, we would! So you see, Bobbie, you are killing off our best friends when you kill the birds. Come now, promise me you won’t kill any more. Won’t you? Bosste (doubtfully).—I—I—don’t know (frowns, shakes head). You see, Jimmie Bean and me—— ARTHUR (impatiently).—All right! Go on killing the birds if you want to, but every 354 Bird - Lore time you do, just remember what I have told you. Well, I must be going now (turns away). Sorry I can’t say ‘good luck’ to you. But—so long (walks off). Bossie (stands looking thoughtfully—frowns).—Pooh! I-don’t believe it. All fool talk. Guess I can kill birds if I want to. And I do! There goes one now—a Red- bird (lifts gun, aims, lowers it, and lifts it again—lowers it—lifts it again, lets it slowly drop). I-I-c-c-can’t. What’s the matter with me anyway? (Rubs eyes with fist.) What did he tell me all that for any way? ’Tisn’t so! I know it isn’t. Birds haven’t any feelings, of course they haven’t. Don’t I know? I’ll try again. There goes a Wood- pecker! Dll get him. (Lifts gun, lowers it, someone behind scene sings Nevin’s Woodpecker song, suddenly grins.) It got away! Good enough! Glad it did! I’d get away, too, if I were a bird. I wouldn’t want to be shot. No siree Bob! If I was a bird—well I don’t know what I would do if I was a bird—having folks kill me like that (throws gun upon the ground indignantly). Don’t believe I feel like killing any more birds to-day. Sort of tired: believe I’ll lie down and rest awhile (thrusts hands in pockets and walks slowly away). End of Act I. ACT II ScENE I. Same as Act I. (Enter Eagle, accompanied by Blue Jay and Owl) EaGLe (sternly looking around).—Where are the birds? JAy.—They were here, Your Majesty, but a moment ago. I sent the message throughout Birdland calling all the birds to council. They came, but a wicked boy by the name of Bobbie appeared among them and fired his gun, whereupon they flew away. But they will return presently. (Spies gun upon the ground, stoops to pick it up and hands it to Eagle.) Behold, Your Majesty, a gun, the foul and wicked instrument for our destruction. The culprit must be near. age EaGLe.—’Tis well. Go and find the wretch, and bring him hither. It is the year, the night, the very hour, which gives mystic power over our enemy. He has fallen under the spell. ’Tis well. (Mounts throne, sits down. Enter birds, singing, waving wings.) Brirps (singing).— Tune, ‘Welcome Song’ from Ira B. Wilson. Welcome to our King to-day! From mountain crags and far away, He has come to counsel us, To counsel and advise. He is noble, fierce, and brave; He swoops down from the skies, Behold his mighty wings and claws,— His flashing eyes! Welcome, welcome, then, Our mighty King so true. Lord of air and sea and sky, We welcome you. EAGLE (addresses birds).—I have come, O birds of the forest, to preside over your council of war to-day—war against our enemy, man. Although I dwell apart, far from the haunts of men, among the rocks and distant mountain peaks, yet I know full well the measure of your wrongs. I know what benefits you have bestowed upon them. How you feed upon the worms and insects that destroy their crops whereby they live. All too trustingly you have built your nests about their homes and brightened their existence with your songs. And what has been the reward? They have slain and The Audubon Societies 355 killed us without pity and without mercy. They have robbed our nests and shut us up in cages, stripped us of our feathers and now strut about in our borrowed plumage. They have even invaded our own dominion of the air and fancy they can fly, these insignifi- cant creatures, born only to creep and crawl upon the earth. Shall we submit to such infamy? Shall we not put a stop to such invasion of our rights? What says the Owl, wisest of the birds? (Turns to Owl.) OwL.—To-whit, to-whoo! To-whit, to-whoo! To-whit, to-whoo! WREN (running up to throne).—What did he say? © EAGLEe.—Silence! He is speaking words of wisdom. WreEN.—But what does it mean? Eacie.—Never mind. ’Tis too deep for you to understand. WrEN.—Pooh! I don’t believe it means anything. (Flirts back to place.) EaGLe.—Your words, Sir Owl, are wise and show great knowledge and wisdom. But perhaps it would be well to hold a council with your brother Owls. Call them hither. Ow (bows, turns to stage R, calls loudly).—To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo. Ecuo (from distaace).—To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo. Ow..—To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo. (Enter stage to R, 10 to 20 Owls, march stiff and solemn down middle of stage, separate, half to right and half to left, round stage, meet at center back, advance to front of stage in row.) Birps (sing to air of ‘The Owl,’ by Granville Bantock.)— 1 They come, they come, the Owls so wise, So sad and solemn, too. They come to counsel and advise And tell us what to do. To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; and tell us what to do. To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; and tell us what to do. 2 They sit and think, and nod and wink, The night and all day through. So deep their thoughts they can’t express Such words of wisdom true. To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; and tell us what to do. To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; and tell us what to do. 3. They look so wise, such great big eyes, And such a stately tread. They must know all there is to know, With such enormous head. To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; and tell us what to do. To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; and tell us what to do. Owts (gather in circle at center of stage, chanting dirgelike refrain).—To-whit, to- whoo; to-whit, to-whoo. (Put heads together, as in conference, chanting.) To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo. (March around the stage several times, still chanting. Exit Stage L.) Birps (exclaim in wonder).—What wisdom! What knowledge! Oh! Oh! Oh! WREN (running about the stage frantically).—O dear! O dear! I didn’t understand a single word they said. EAGLE (sternly).—Back to your place, foolish one. Do not expose your ignorance. (Wren goes back to her place, flirting her head and shoulders in disgust). 356 Bird - Lore EAcLe.—You have heard, O birds, the judgment of the Owls. It means war, war to our enemy—man. And to this we will abide. No more will your sweet songs gladden their hearts. No more will you build your nests about their doorways. No more will you feed upon the worms and insects which destroy their crops. Their fields and orchards will soon be overrun with the bugs, the beetles, the caterpillars, and all the creeping, crawling things of the earth, till every green and living thing is eaten up. Then comes ruin and desolation over all the land, and man will die! Tell me, birds, is it not so? Brrps.—Yes! Yes! Man will die, die, die! (Commotion at stage L.) EacLe.—And now, behold! he comes! The greatest of our enemies, the boy with a gun! (Enter Blue Jay dragging Bobbie by the collar.) BosBie (struggling)—Let me go! Let me go, I tell you! I want to go home. Let me go. BLuE JAy.—No, you cannot go home (gives him shake). Behold, Your Majesty, he is here, one of our worst enemies. He has robbed more nests, stolen more eggs, killed more birds than any boy in Christendom. BosBiE.—No, no, that isn’t so, Mr. Eagle; that isn’t so. I haven’t killed half as many as Jimmie Bean. BLvE JAay.—Silence! (Hits Bobbie on the head.) Yes, Your Majesty, we have the birds here to prove it. He has been caught in the very act. Behold the gun! Bospre—O, I am so sorry. I never will again. I never will, honor bright, if you’ll only let me go home. BLuE JAy.—No, wicked one, you shall stay and hear your accusers. EAGLE (sternly) —What were you doing out here in the forest this evening? Bospie.—N-n-nothing! Just taking a-a-walk. EAGLE—What say the birds? Rosin.—I saw him shoot a Redbird as he was flying home with a worm in his bill to feed his little ones. TurusH.—And I saw him climb a tree and tear down an Oriole’s nest. Martin.—And I had five little birds I was teaching to fly, and he killed them all but one, and that one is lying now under the hedge with a broken wing. Bossi (distressed)—Oh, dear! How dreadful! Poor little thing! Can’t some- thing be done? Martin.—No, it can never fly again. Bossie (horrified)—But something ought to be done. Something must be done. I tell you, let me go for the Doctor! (Eagerly.) We’ve got agrand one. He can do any- thing with bones. Let me go and— BLUvE Jay (holds him fast)—No, you don’t. You stay here and hear what the birds have to say. EAGLe.—And what says the Blackbird, the noble Blackbird? What did he see? BLACKBIRD.—There were six of us sitting on the fence, all in a row, when he shot into our midst and I, only I, escaped. WooppeckEer.—And I had a whole nestful of eggs, when he came and smashed them all. Oh, the wretch! I’d like to peck his eyes out, that I would. Buiur JAy.—So would I. He deserves it! Thief! Robber! WoopPECKER.—Come, let’s give it to him! Brrps (gather about Bobbie and wave wings at him violently).—Che, che, che, che, che, kee, kee, kee, ka, ka, ka, ka, che, che, kee, kee, ka, ka, ka. Bossre (dodging this way and that, frightened and bewildered).—Oh, dear! Oh, dear! I wish I was home! I wish I was! When will I ever see my dear parents again? RAvEN.—Nevermore! Nevermore! Nevermore! The Audubon Societies 357 BoBBiE.—What! nevermore! O, you horrid bird! Never see my dear parents again! Boo-oo-oo! (sobs.) (Enter Poll Parrot.) Potty (frisking about among the birds).—Pretty Polly! Pretty Polly! Want a cracker! cracker! Want a cracker! cracker! Bossie (surprised).—Why, Polly! How did you get out here? I thought you— Potty.—Hello, Bobbie! You out here, too? Why, I came out here to get away from you. You are so mean to me. I have come out here to live with the birds and be a real bird again (frisks about among the birds). Pretty Polly! Pretty Polly! Pretty Polly! WreEeN.—Go ’way! Go’way! (Shooing Polly away.) You don’t belong to us. You belong to humans. Potty.—No, I don’t any more. I’ve had enough of humans. That Bobbie there— Boxssie.—O, hush, Polly, don’t tell them any more. They’re down on me now. I’m in an awful fix, Polly; do come and help me out. I’ll be good to you always, Polly, if you will. Pretty Polly, O pretty, pretty, Polly! Potty.—You pulled out all my tail-feathers! BospBie.—Forgive me, Polly! I’m awful sorry, indeed I am. Potity.—You threw me into the rain-barrel. Boppie.—I didn’t mean to. Polly, indeed I didn’t. I won’t do it again, sure I won’t. But don’t let’s talk about that now. Come, let’s go home. You don’t belong out here, you know you don’t. You’re not a regular bird anyway. You are just a sort of betwixt and between. Potty.—No Iam not! I ama bird, a real bird, I’ll have you to understand. I am- Iam-I am! Pretty Polly! Pretty Polly! (Frisks about among the birds.) Brrps (drawing away).—Go ’way—go ’way—go ’way. Che-che-che-che-kee-kee- kee-ka-ka-ka. Che-che-che-kee-kee-kee-ka-ka-ka. Potty (goes up to the Eagle).—Pretty Polly. Pretty Polly! Want a head scratched (ducks head). : Eacie. Begone, infamous bird! We do not want you here with your foolish human chatter (strikes Polly on the head with wand). BoppiE.—There, Polly, you see, you talk too much. I always said you did. But you come here, and I’ll be your friend, and always will be after this. Come Polly, pretty Polly! Pretty, pretty Polly! That’s right! I’ll scratch your head for you. (Polly ducks head, Bobbie scratches.) : Birps (angrily).—Look! Look! Let’s peck them! Scratch their eyes out! Che, che, che, che. (Birds cluster about Bobbie, waving wings furiously.) EAGLE (rising, waves wand).—Do your duty birds! So let him perish, the enemy to our kind. (Stage scene of wild confusion. Birds chase Bobbie and Polly around the stage.) Potty (screaming loud above the rest).—Cracker! Cracker! Want a cracker! Want a cracker! Cracker! Bossie.—Oh, hush up, Polly! Don’t talk about crackers now! Let’s get out of this! (Enter Dove at Stage L. Birds stop fighting, fall back to right and left. Dove advances, holding up an olive branch in hand high over head.) Dove (Sings to air of ‘Waltz Song’ from ‘Pink Lady’—McClellan and Caryll).— Peace, peace, peace to you, Birds of the forest, peace. Let this strife and contention Among you cease. 358 Bird-Lore From the children of men, I bring tidings today, Harken now, to me, I pray, ’Tis a message of love and A promise true— They will harm us no more \ And protect us, too. So rejoice and be gay, Throw all anger away. Come, come, come, let us dwell now In peace alway. Peace, peace, peace to the birds of the forest here, Peace, peace, peace to the human kind far and near, And may the dark clouds of war hanging low, Vanish soon, forever away. List, list, list to the message of peace I bear. Let all hearts join together in this my prayer, O, come, Spirit of love Down from the Father of Love Bring peace, peace to the heart Of the world today. EAcLe.—Who is it that talks of peace now? We have come to talk of war—war against our enemy, man. Dove (addressing throne) —'Tis I, Your Majesty, the Dove of Peace. I have come with a message from the children of men, bearing in my hand the olive branch of peace. I have come to tell you that they are no longer enemies, but our friends. A new spirit has been born into the hearts of men. A spirit of love and kindness to all living things, such as has never been known before. They offer us now their friend- ship. Shall we not accept? EAGLE.—Friendship! Friendship, indeed! Behold, here (pointing to Bobbie), a human, caught this very day in the act of killing the birds in the most heartless manner. Bossie.—Oh, please, Mr. Eagle, I never will again! You see I didn’t know you were so much like humans; I didn’t, honor bright! I never thought about it. But now I wouldn’t kill a bird for anything. Sure, I wouldn’t. ' Dove.—You see, Bobbie did not know, that was all. He was just a little behind the times. He had not heard about the great peace movement between man and the birds. For man is waking up. He is learning more about us every day. They are taking notes, these humans, studying about us in their schools and colleges, passing laws, and forming great societies for our protection. Sanctuaries are being set apart where we can live in peace and security, without fear of dogs and cats, or the wild creatures of the woods. And beautiful bird-houses are being built, and fountains provided, and food put out for our own particular use. Tell me birds, is it not so? Ropin.—Yes, yes! That isso. Where I live, the people are very kind. They throw out whole basketfuls of crumbs every day. And they hang up lovely big chunks of suet all winter, so we can have plenty to eat. Martin.—And they have built the finest bird-houses at our place, regular apart- ment houses, lots of rooms, with all the modern improvements. Turusu.—And they have planted all kinds of berries we like at our place, and talk to us real friendly, as if they liked us. Bospre,—Of course they do! And so do I, now I know you. And when I go back, I’m going to be your friend. I’m going to join'that Bird Club, and get all the boys I can to join. And I’ll never kill another bird, never, never any more. The Audubon Societies 350 RAvEN.—Nevermore! Nevermore! Nevermore! Bopsie.—Yes, that’s right, Mr. Raven, never, nevermore! Dove.—And so, Your Majesty, you see, the birds make common cause with man. It is peace, good-will between us. EAGLE (haughtily)—Not so! Never do I enter into peace with man. Too often has he tricked, deceived, beguiled us. I trust him not. Be friends with him if you will, but as for me, I wing my flight back to the distant mountain peaks, among the rocks and crags, where the sound of gun and voice of man is never heard, there to live in peace and solitude. But, ye birds of the fields and forest, it is for you to decide for yourselves. What says the Owl, wisest of the birds? Ow1.—To-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo; to-whit, to-whoo-00-00-00! WREN (distressed, runs out to middle of stage).—Oh, dear! O, dear! I can’t under- stand a single word he says. Jay.—Be still, foolish one! WREN (saucily).—I don’t care. I want to know. Che, che, che, che. (Jay forces Wren back to place.) Bossie.—O, Ill tell you what he says. I understand him perfectly. He says, “Bobbie is all right! Bobbie is your friend. You let Bobbie go, and he will prove his friendship always.” Rosin.—Yes, of course. Just what I thought. I understood him all the time. Martin.—So did I. Birps.—So did I! So did I! So did I! Dove (bowing before throne).—You see, Your Majesty, the birds are all for peace. They entreat you, everyone. Behold the Bluebirds, they come to plead for peace. (Enter from ro to 20 Bluebirds in drill, or dance, before throne.) Dove.—Behold the Redbirds; they, too, ask for peace. (Enter from ro to 20 Redbirds in drill, or dance, before throne.) Dovre.—Behold the Orioles; they, too, ask for peace. (Enter Orioles, dance or drill.) (Other songs, dances, or drills may be here introduced.) Dove (approaches throne, addresses Eagle).—And so you see, O King, the birds are all for peace. Then let us make a compact of friendship that shall endure forever. A compact of love and confidence ’twixt birds and man. (Turns to audience, recites.) Since time began, ’tis our mission here, To give pleasure to man, to gladden and cheer, To comfort, inspire, and ever bless, And give to him the highest of happiness; To lure him away from the haunts of care, To God’s own Temple of the Woods, and there Whilst all in Nature so joyous sings, To lift his thoughts to higher things, To birds and flowers and starry skies, And all the mystery that round him lies; To hear the music of rustling leaves, The vague wind sighing among the trees, The plaintive notes of the Mourning Dove, The Cardinal’s song to his lady-love, The evening chant of the Whip-poor-will, And all birds’ songs that to rapture thrill. And so, with Nature’s balm refreshed, He will find at last, that perfect rest. 360 Bird - Lore And Peace, that peace the world denies, Which at the heart of Nature lies. Then wake, O, man! Awake and hear The message of the birds we bring you here. Love, protect us, and we'll repay In a thousand ways from day to day. Together our voices will rise in praise To Him who guideth all our ways. For there is no great, there is no small, To Him who made and loveth all. ' (Turns to Eagle.) This, then, O King, is the compact true, *Twixt bird and man. We wait on you. (Bows before throne.) EAGLE.—Your words are fair, O Dove, but I comprehend them not. I see only the wrath and the whirlwind, the war and bloodshed, the strife and the struggle of unhappy man. No! No! I trust him not. Never will I be his friend, but hie me back to my distant eyrie, among rocky peaks, there to dwell, solitary and alone, lord of the air, monarch of the sky, the symbol of liberty and freedom forever. As for you, O birds, I warn you. Remember the fate of the Tern, the Egret, and the Osprey. May it not be yours! But you have chosen. You are now man’s friend, and I am no longer yours. (Descends from throne. Makes fervent gesture.) Farewell! Farewell! (Exit.) Brrps (Sing to the air of Lohengrin’s ‘Swan Song’.—W agner.)— Farewell, farewell, O king most dear, Our hearts are still quite true. They beat with love for all mankind And still with love for you. Farewell! Farewell! Farewell! Farewell! BosBie.—Say, he’s awfully down on us humans, isn’t he? But I don’t blame him, the way we have acted. But we won’t any more. No, siree! Now I understand. Those Audubon folks are all right, and I’m going to join a Bird Club quick as I can. And that Jimmie Bean—if I catch him killing another bird, I am going to just—just—(makes a ’ fierce gesture) Jamm him! (Stops and thinks a moment, lifts hand to head.) No, I won’t, either. I'll just get him to join a Bird Club, and then he won’t want to. And I’ll get all the boys I can to join. I tell you, folks, I’m for the birds now and forever (swings cap above his head, puts it on again). And now, birds, T must be off. Can’t you all sing a song before I go? Po.tty.—Yes, yes! Let’s all sing! (Squawks, makes harsh, absurd sounds. Birds all laugh.) BLuE JAy.—O, shut up, Polly! You can’t sing any more Sine Ican. Why even the little Hummingbird could do better than that. Bossirt.—O, can the Hummingbird sing? (Turns to littlest bird.) Say, little Hummingbird, won’t you sing a song for me? (Takes her by the hand and leads _ her forward.) HuMMINGBIRD (Sings to air of ‘Little Birdie in the Tree.’—From “The Charm.” P. P. Bliss.)— I’m just a little Hummingbird, Hummingbird, Hummingbird, I’m just a little Hummingbird, but I can sing a song for you, All about the roses, wet with morning dew, And the sky above us, so lovely and so blue. The Audubon Societies 361 I’m just a little Hummingbird, Hummingbird, Hummingbird, I’m just a little Hummingbird, but I can sing for you, _ All about the sunshine, so cheerful and so bright, All about the moonbeams, and the stars that shine all night. I’m just a little Hummingbird, Hummingbird, Hummingbird, I’m just a little Hummingbird but I can sing for you. Bospir.—That’s fine, splendid! Thank you, little Hummingbird (leads her back to place). Now, birds, all sing. Give us a grand big chorus. (Birds gather around Bobbie, waving wings and singing gaily. Bobbie, smiling, keeps time with hands and feet.) . CHorus.—To air from ‘Martha’ (‘When far from the town,’ etc.—Flotow.)— 1. Come, then, let us sing, So joyous, happy, blithe and gay. *Tis time to say farewell And fly away, away, away. O, Bobbie, Bobbie, Bobbie dear, We'll never more have cause to fear. He'll never lift his gun again To shoot and kill his little friend. 2. Come, then, let us sing, So joyous, happy, blithe and gay. *Tis time to say farewell And fly away, away, away. We'll build our nests about his door And sing to him as ne’er before, And we can now in safety rear Our little birdlings without fear. 3. Come, then, let us sing, So joyous, happy, blithe and gay. *Tis time to say farewell And fly away, away, away, Let children all remember this— That joy and love and happiness Will come to those who kindness show To every living thing below. Come, then, let us sing, So joyous, happy, blithe and gay. *Tis time to say farewell And fly away, away, away. THE END [One hundred children took part in this Bird Masque, which was very successfully given, the author writes. She adds: ‘‘I find a deep and growing interest in birds, in this part of the country, and I am doing what I can to increase it.” In view of the importance of preserving bird-life in the state of Arkansas, this report from Fort Smith, Ark., 362 Bird - Lore is most encouraging. Other teachers will find this little play one that can be simply staged and given with effect, if the parts are thoroughly learned and the costumes appropriate. The Woodpecker Song by Nevin may also be used.—A. H. W.] NEAR A WOODPECKER One Sunday, as I was up ina tree on which I had put a ladder, a Woodpecker came and started to hunt for insects. I came down to get a view of him and he went up; then I went up. I watched him for about five minutes, and he came down. I came down, too. When I was on a level with him I looked around the tree, and he hopped to the other side. This we did eight or ten times, and then he flew away to another tree. Not caring to watch him any more, I came into the house.—ALBERT B. HEMSTREET (age 10 years) Canton, N. Y. [The illustration, done in pencil, by the boy who wrote this article about being near a Woodpecker, is so realistic that it is unfortunate it cannot be reproduced here. On one side of the curved trunk of a crab-apple tree clings the boy, while on the other side a Woodpecker comes tapping around beneath the remains of chunks of suet nailed to the tree, where birds have fed during the winter. The boy’s mother writes an interesting word about Chimney Swifts: ‘‘I wonder if you have had reported the fatality among Chimney Swifts? We have found at least thirty and possibly more, as I told the children not to bring me any more. We think it may be due to cold, damp weather, requiring hot furnace fires. Other Swallows (NotrE.—The Swift is not a Swallow.— Epitor) have been found in unusual numbers.’’ Will readers of this article send word to the School Department of any similar observations of the death of Chimney Swifts? —A. H. W.] 7 MULTNOMAH BIRD CLUB Photograph by A. L. Campbell The Audubon Societies 363 THREE-YEAR-OLD JUNIOR AUDUBON CLASS The Multnomah Junior Audubon Club This Club was organized April 26, 1915, with thirty-three members. We have our meetings in the school grove during the good weather, and all of the children take some part in the program. During the winter we have illustrated lec- tures by W. L. Finley, Dr. Hodge, and others. Many unfortunate birds that have met with accident have been cared for by the members, and al- though this is the third year since our organi- zation, the children are still interested and did good work at our meetings this sum- mer. The children are very fond of going on observation trips, so we usually take a short walk after our weekly meetings. Fifty of our ih co s No wee 3 2 i Te 2 s ere.” ¥ mmon Oregon birds DR. C. F. HODGE HELPING SOME OF THE BOYS OF have been observed tHE MULTNOMAH CLUB BUILD A CEMENT BIRD-BATH by most of the pelea aay gee na Caaren by A. L. Campbell bers. -I saw an article, asking ‘‘What becomes of the Junior Clubs after the first year?” I suppose a great many of them last only one year, so I thought it would be interesting to report a wide-awake three-year-old class——MamIE E. CAMPBELL. SEL ‘ee ee a [Miss Campbell is the enthusiastic leader of this active Junior Audubon Society. It is pleasant to receive such an encouraging report, for many Junior Societies disband after a year’s organization. If more could keep up club-work together, it would-be a great advantage to any school or community in which such societies are located.— A. H. W.] PILEATED WOODPECKER By T. GILBERT PEARSON Qhe Pational Association of Audubon Societies EDUCATIONAL LEAFLET NO. 94 While lying abed late one morning in camp listening to the lusty shouts of a Florida Wren, I became aware of a muffled knocking sound often repeated. It was the time of day when a field-naturalist should be up and abroad, but we had gone into camp late ‘the evening before, after a hard day’s trip, so I was trying to get a little beauty sleep while the guide was away on the lake seeking fish for breakfast. But the Wren would not permit slumber, so, with mixed feelings of admiration and annoyance, I lay and listened to its wild expressions of merriment. The mysterious pounding finally caused me to get up and go out of the tent to discover its source. In a little while I found, about 60 yards away, a tall dead tree, old and greatly decayed. Perhaps 50 feet from the ground was a fresh round hole, while numerous fragments of wood were scattered on the carpet of dry forest leaves beneath. It was clear that the pounding was going on inside this tree and at some distance from the ground. Bringing an axe from the camp, I gave the tree several vigorous strokes. Soon there emerged from the entrance-hole a Pileated Woodpecker. After bounding away a few yards, it returned and alighted just above its nesting- hole. It surveyed me in a startled manner for a few seconds and then flew to a near-by tree. Its shouts soon brought its mate, but the wary birds did not tarry long. In a few minutes the forest had swallowed them. For five days we lay in camp at this spot, and while we rarely saw the Pileated Wood- peckers, it was only necessary to remain in the tent a short time at almost any period of the day in order to hear again that muffled knocking sound, made by one of the birds as it chiseled away at its work. The birds were not sufficiently frightened or annoyed by our presence to desert the nest they probably were building, but it was evident that they wished to take no chances by allowing themselves to be seen. There possibly may have been eggs in the nest at the time, for these Wood- peckers are known to dig away at the walls of their nesting-cavity with their bills after the eggs have been laid. With what fortunes the birds met in their attempt to rear a brood that year I did not learn, but doubtless they had a successful season. Eight months later, when passing through the same territory, I visited the spot and found that the old tree had fallen. Cutting away the wood I discovered that the cavity made by the Woodpecker had extended downward for a little more than 3 feet, turning slightly to the right as it descended. Why the hole had not been (364) PILEATED WOODPECKER Order—Pic1 Family—Picip& Genus—PHL&oTomus Species—PILEATUS National Association of Audubon Societies Pileated Woodpecker 365 dug straight downward I could not discover, as there was no knot nor other indication of especially hard wood that would seem to turn the builders aside. Nevertheless, the bottom of the hole, where, on a layer of fine chips, the eggs and young must have rested, was at least 4 inches to the right of the entrance. This nest was found in one of the innumerable hammocks which surround many of the lakes in central Florida. Here the heavy growths of oak, magno- lias, hickory, and gum make an ideal home for these timid Woodpeckers. The birds are still abundant in suitable regions of that state, but one should go to the primeval forests to find them, for they do not like woodlands that have been cut over, and it is very rare to see one in the open pine-barrens of the sandy country. Next to the giant Ivory-billed, which is now almost extinct in the United States, the Pileated is the largest of the Woodpecker family found in this country. In order to get a somewhat accurate impression of its size, one may think of it in comparison to a Crow. From tip of bill to tip of tail the Common Crow is about 18 inches, and when the wings are spread to their greatest extent, the distance from tip to tip is about 27 inches. The same measurements for the Woodpecker under discussion are 17 inches in length and 2714 inches across when the wings are expanded. There is, however, much individual variation in the length of both birds. For example, the Wood- pecker ranges in size from 15 inches to 19 inches and the expanse of wings varies in different individual birds from 25 to 30 inches, so it is a perfectly truthful statement to say that the Pileated Woodpecker is as large as a Crow. The eggs of this species, like those of all other Woodpeckers, are glossy white. They range in number from four to six, and in size measure about 144 inches in length and a little less than an inch in width. The period of incuba- tion is eighteen days. The young are hatched naked and are extremely help- less.. They do not leave the nesting-cavity until the wing-quills are well grown and the birds are quite able to fly. The parents take turns incubating the eggs, and it is said that if the one on the nest desires to leave, it will call its mate and remain in the hole until the other comes. The food of the Pileated Woodpecker is composed largely of insect life. It is very fond of grubs, wood-boring beetles and ants, especially those species that make their homes in dead wood. To procure this food the Woodpecker has developed remarkable skill as a woodcutter. It will attack a dead tree or log and in half an hour will leave a pile of chips of which a less ardent worker might well be proud. Often fragments of wood as large as one’s hand may be seen where the bird has been at work, and I once measured a combination chip and splinter more than 14 inches in length. While engaged in this car- penter work, the Pileated Woodpecker is not always the shy bird we some- times think it to be. One frequently may approach in the open woods to within a few rods of a feeding bird, and often, when startled, its flight may 366 Bird - Lore be of short duration. In some of the southern towns, where heavy forests are adjacent, this species will sometimes come into the groves about dwellings. While a student at the University of North Carolina, I remember seeing three on the University campus at one time. Three pairs of the birds con- stantly inhabited the college woods, a tract of perhaps too acres, which adjoined the campus. Although the nests are often built a considerable dis- tance from the ground, I have found them in Guilford County, N. C., at a height not greater than 12 feet, but this was probably exceptional. Mr. Arthur T. Wayne, of Mt. Pleasant, S. C., who has speht much time studying the habits of this bird, in his ‘Birds of South Carolina,’ says: “This species uses a certain hole, which it excavates in a living black gum or a living sweet gum tree, in which to sleep, and it is so attached to it that I have known one of these birds to resort for years to the same hole to spend the night. This sleeping-hole is almost always excavated in a tree which is hollow from the base to within a foot of the first limb. Sometimes two holes are bored in the same tree, and if an attempt is made to catch the bird, it can escape by going through either of the holes or else make its exit at the base. “Tf the season is a forward one the birds mate early in February and to- wards the latter part of the month they begin to excavate their hole, which requires exactly a month for completion. During the month of March, 1904, I made observations on a pair which excavated their hole in a dead pine. On March 21, the opening was commenced by the female, who drilled a small hole, and by degrees enlarged it to the size of a silver dollar. The male assisted in the excavation, but the female did by far the larger part of the work. The size of the aperture was not increased until necessary to admit the shoulders of the bird. I visited these birds every day in order to note the progress of their work, and, being so accustomed to seeing me, they were utterly fearlesss and I could, at any time, approach within twenty feet without. hindering the work, although the hole was only about thirty feet from the ground. This hole was completed on April 21, and the first egg was laid the following morn- ing. As incubation commences upon the advent of the first egg, and as the eggs are not laid consecutively, I did not again examine the contents of the nest until April 26, when three eggs were found. Upon investigating the cavity on April 28, and finding but three eggs, I concluded that the set was complete. In this case the excavation was made under a dead limb, and was about eigh- teen inches deep, being hollowed out more on one side than the other. This Woodpecker is so attached to the tree in which it has first made its nest that it continues to cling to it as long as it can find a suitable spot at which to exca- vate a new hole. It never uses the same hole a second time. I know ofa pair of these birds which resorted to the same tree for four consecutive years, and each year they excavated a new hole. “Another pair of these Woodpeckers bred in a gigantic dead pine for three years, and as an illustration that their large holes are in great demand by other Pileated Woodpecker 367 birds, and even mammals, for breeding purposes, I will state that on April 16, 1903, there were three species breeding in the same tree, namely—Pileated Woodpecker, four eggs, at a height of 54 feet; Fox Squirrel, at 70 feet; and Sparrow Hawk, at approximately 90 feet from the ground—all living together in perfect harmony! “Tf this bird is deprived of its first set of eggs, it at once excavates a new hole, and the length of time consumed in its construction is about twenty- five days.” The Pileated Woodpecker is one of the noisiest tenants of the heavy forests and wooded swamps which it inhabits. Particularly is this true during the mating-season and after the young have left the nest. They have a long roll- ing cry which strongly suggests similar notes produced by the Flicker, except that they are louder and the intervals between the calls are slightly longer. At times they become extremely animated, and two or three will gather on the trunk of some tree or the larger limbs and engage in querulous, conversational, wick-y-up notes which again suggest the actions and calls of the Flicker. In flight the bird does not proceed with the undulating movements common to many Woodpeckers. The flight is more or less directed in a straight line. The white underparts and the large white blotches on the wings contrast strongly with the black back. The white wing-area shows so plainly that one may often discover the bird flying at a distance by the heliostatic flashes of white. : Although, as already indicated, the food consists largely of an animal diet, the bird also is fond of certain forms of wild berries, and it presents an awkward and ungainly appearance as, in an uncertain and more or less laborious manner, _ it seeks to retain its perch and gather berries among the small twigs. The Pileated Woodpecker is found over a wide range of North America. From southern Florida, middle Texas and California it is distributed in suit- able localities as far north as British Columbia, central Quebec and Newfound- land. Of recent years, ornithologists have regarded the species as being composed of two varieties, the Northern Pileated Woodpecker, embracing those indi- viduals found along the Alleghany Mountains and northward throughout its Canadian range. The bird has a variety of local names such as ‘Cock-of-the-Woods,’ and ‘Log-Cock.’ One of the most popular in the South is ‘Good-God.’ Che Audubon Societies EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Edited by T. GILBERT PEARSON, Secretary Address all correspondence, and send all remittances for dues and contributions, to the National Association of Audubon Societies, 1974 Broadway, New York City. Wittram DutcHer, President Freperic A. Lucas, Acting President THEODORE S. PALMER, First Vice-President T. GILBERT PEARSON, Secretary JONATHAN Dwicut, JRr., Treasurer SamMuEL T. CarTER, JR., Attorney Any person, club, school or company in sympathy with the objects of this Association may become a member of it, and all are welcome. Classes of Membership in the National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals: $5 annually pays for a Sustaining Membership $100 paid at one time constitutes a Life Membership $1,000 constitutes a person a Patron $5,000 constitutes a person a Founder $25,000 constitutes a person a Benefactor Form or Bequest:—I do hereby give and bequeath to the National Association of Audubon Societies for the Protection of Wild Birds and Animals (Incorporated), of the City of New York. THE THIRTEENTH ANNUAL MEETING The Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the National Association of Audubon Socie- ties was held in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, on October 29 and 30, 1917. The first evening, a large audience gathered in the main lecture hall, where Dr. Frank M. Chapman presented Rollo H. Beck, who spoke on ‘Oceanic Bird Life,’ illustrating his address with a large series of splendid slides from his photo- graphs made of water-birds taken in the Cape Horn region. Norman H. McClin- tock followed with 5,000 feet of magnifi- cent moving pictures. The business. meeting of the Associa- tion, which was held on the morning of October 30, was also well attended. The Secretary reported on the work of the Association the past year. This was fol- lowed by the report of the Treasurer, who showed that during the year the income of the Association amounted to over $144,000, which is about $30,000 more than the income the year previous. Re- ports of field workers followed, addresses being made by E. H. Forbush, H. K. Job, Winthrop Packard, Dr. Eugene Swope, and Mrs. Henry F. Cone, of Hartford, Conn, Dr. Frank M. Chapman and William P. Wharton were reélected members of the Board of Directors. After luncheon an Educational Confer- ence was held, which was presided over by E. H. Forbush. Here interest ran high, and the exchange of experiences continued until night. Among those who spoke were Mrs. Mary S. Sage, School Lecturer for the Association in New York state; Prof. Madison, of Provi- dence; Bradford A. Scudder, of Green- wich, Conn.; Walt F. McMahon, of the home office; and Dr. Swope, of Cin- cinnati. One of the most enthusiastic addresses we have had the privilege of hearing was that given by Mrs. Cone, Secretary of the Hartford Bird-Study Club. Mr. Baynes spoke of the Meriden Bird Club and the formation of various bird clubs which he asked to join the National Association. Interesting talks also were made by Winthrop Packard, Field Agent for the National Association and Secretary of the Massachusetts Audubon Society. Re- -marks by Frank O. Pilsbury of Walpole, Mass., and others followed. (368) The Audubon Societies A BIRD-WALK IN CENTRAL PARK, NEW YORK CITY, UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF WALT F. McMAHON. A NEW AUDUBON ACTIVITY The National Association has established another public educational feature that is welcomed by bird-lovers in New York City. Realizing the great need of local bird-walks, such outings have been ar- ranged, with Walt F. McMahon, of the home office, as leader. Every Saturday morning, weather permitting, the party meets at 8 o’clock at the Band Stand on the Mall in Central Park. For two hours the wooded paths are explored, and the edges of the lakes and the open lawns are examined for migrant bird-life. Under the protection of the City Depart- ment of Parks, the birds are remarkably tame and allow intimate inspection by the enthusiastic observers. On one trip an in- teresting game of tag between a Sharp- shinned Hawk and a group of Flickers offered exciting entertainment. A pair of Black-crowned Night Herons, in immature plumage, was contributed to the check- list by one of the Park workmen who, noting the group scanning the tree-tops with bird-glasses, offered the suggestion that there were ‘‘some kind of Night- Owls”’ in a tree near-by. Many interesting little glimpses of wild bird-life have added much pleasure to these excursions. Op- portunities are offered to observe the commoner birds of the region, and there is also that ever-present charm of a bird- walk—the exciting possibility of finding some unexpected species. At the end of the trip check-lists are compared and the leader gives a short informal bird-talk, commenting briefly on the characteristics of the species recorded. These outings are public, and all who are interested in bird-study are cordially invited. Those who have attended have expressed their pleasure and, judging by their prompt appearance week after week, this new activity of the National Associa- tion is received with appreciation and approval. i: er 5 oe Bird - Lore ONE OF THE MANY INTERESTING VIEWS ON THE WALLACE EVANS GAME FARM, ST. CHARLES, ILLINOIS. THE WORLD’S GREATEST GAME FARM The Wallace Evans Game Farm, situ- ated at St. Charles, Ill., is undoubtedly the largest enterprise of this kind in the world. Here are propagated various forms of wild birds suitable for food. There are also extensive deer parks. Recently some of us visited this extremely interesting nursery of wild birds. Many species of Ducks and Geese were seen at close quar- ters, as well as Pheasants and Swans. One of the most interesting of these is the Wood Duck which, over wide areas of America, has become extinct, but here large numbers are raised annually. Few of these birds are ever killed for food. They are, in the main, used for breeding stock. Tens of thousands of various game-birds are sent out from here every year to restock depleted coveys throughout the length and breadth of the land. This farm is a vast enterprise of conservation and is helping fight the battle for an increased food-supply. Many persons with large estates might well do likewise. ea ge ae > ie, WILD-LIFE CONSERVATORS AT THE WALLACE EVANS GAME FARM. Left to right:—Graham, Mass.; Burnham, N. Y.; Forbush, Mass.; Bradford, Del.; Ward, Ky.; Pearson, N. Y.; Adams, Mass.; Crampton, Conn.; Strell, Tll.; Millett, Mass.; and Leavens, of Vermont. MALLARD DUCKS ON THE WALLACE EVANS GAME FARM AT ST. CHARLES, ILLINOIS. (371) . WATER-FOWL E N BRYANT AND TH IAM CULLE rom a draw L WIL . Learned. G ing by A. F (372) The Audubon Societies Enforcement of the Federal Plumage Law In November, 1916, Angelo Tartaglino, cook on the steamship ‘Kroonland,’ was arrested at the gate as he landed with a bag of contraband plumes concealed under his clothes. He was charged with violating Section 3082 of the Revised Statutes and paragraph 347 of the Tariff Act. The case was tried by Judge Manton of the District Court. Judge Manton found Tartaglino guilty and sentenced him to eleven months and fifteen days imprisonment on Black- wells Island and $500 fine. Upon examination it was found that other plumes were concealed upon the ship, and these also were seized. When arrested, Tartaglino was making his sec- ond trip, having bought the business from Luigi Strada for $200. Strada had made four trips before selling out. The feathers were provided by Giuseppe Arbib, of London, who smuggled them on shipboard at Liverpool. Tartaglino took them ashore and delivered them to John Ruscetta on 34th Street. Arthur Arbib called there for the plumes and paid the men for their work. Government agents seized forty- three boxes of plumes stored in his apart- ments. Arbib was found guilty, but be- cause of his physical condition, which re- quires constant medical attention, his prison term was changed to $5,000 fine. Knoxville Audubon Exhibit The East Tennessee Audubon Society had at the recent East Tennessee Division Fair one of the best exhibits of bird-life that has ever been displayed in that re- gion. It consisted mainly of. sixty-two mounted specimens of birds common to that locality and numerous colored plates illustrating those of other parts of the country. These materials were loaned to the Audubon Society through the courtesy of Dr. George Clyde Fisher, of the American Museum of Natural History, who had lec- tured to the Society during his stay in Knoxville, as one of the professors at the 373 Summer School of the South, where he lectured for the National Association of Audubon Societies. The specimens are all correctly labeled and are identified by . Mrs. Karl E. Steinmetz, one of the most active members of the local Society, who for several years has taken an active part in the promotion of bird-study. The main object of the exhibit was to impress upon the people of the city and the surrounding country the economic im- portance of birds and to encourage their proper protection. Seeds Free Mr. D. C. Peacock, of Atlanta, Ga., an employee of the Government and an en- thusiastic Audubon Society man, has written as follows: “T have found quite a large tree bearing millions of black berries % by 36 inch. This tree has, for three weeks, been swarm- ing with migrating Thrushes. They are so eager for these berries that they fly in when I am under it. I will have a quantity of these seeds gathered, and for three cents in stamps I will send a few of these seeds to any address. The tree makes a beautiful shade tree. “Tf you care to insert’ the above in Brrp-Lore, I will take pleasure in hav- ing small boys gather the seeds and send them to anyone who may care to write for them.” Dr. Harry C. Oberholser, to whom some of these seeds were sent, says that the tree is a species of Rhamnus, probably Rhamnus caroliniana. Bailey’s “Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture” gives “Indian Cherry” as the common name for this tree. It is also known as “Yellow Buck- thorn.” The distribution of this tree extends from Long Island, where it grows as a shrub, to Florida, and westward to Nebraska and Texas. It is very attrac- tive as an ornamental tree, as well as being an annual source of food for the birds. We are very glad to print Mr. Peacock’s kind offer, knowing it will be gratefully received. Bird- Lore A FEEDING-DEVICE Mr. J. P. Poland, of Springfield, Mass., writes that he has had very great success with the specially constructed feeding- device for birds which he has now had in operation for over a year. He says that it is built around a chestnut log 8 inches in diameter, and 18 inches long. A hole goes through the log lengthwise, large enough for a %-inch eye-bolt, the eye upon the upper or roof end and a nut and washer upon the lower end. A long hook passes through the eye on the roof and hooks into a wire ring which encircles the limb of a large white ash tree above. There are twenty-eight holes in the log, 134 inches in diameter by 1% inches deep, into which melted suet has been poured. Upon the floor of the booth various kinds of seed and grain are scattered. The booth is 36 inches long, 36 inches wide, 16 inches high at the eaves, and 22 inches at the peak. The two sides and one end are covered with a double thickness of burlap. The front is left open and can be slatted to keep out Crows. ened Fe ESE, ss ae: ES B. HORTON CHARL ident of the Western Pennsylvania Audubon Society Pres (376) Annual Report of the National Association Audubon Societies for 1917 CONTENTS Report oF T. GILBERT PEARSON, SECRETARY INTRODUCTION.—AFFILIATED SOCIETIES AND Brrp CLuBS.—JUNIOR AuDU- BON SOCIETIES.—SUMMER SCHOOLS.—LEGISLATION.—FIELD AGENTS.— AUDUBON WARDEN WorRK.—MISCELLANEOUS Facts.—FINANCES.— NEED OF A BUILDING. REportTS OF FIELD AGENTS Epwarp Howe ForsusH.—WInTHROP PacKARD.—DR. EUGENE SwoPE.— ARTHUR H. Norton.—WILLIAM L. FINLEY.—HENRY OLDys.—HERBERT K. Jop.—Mrs. Mary S. Sacr.—Mrs. GRANVILLE Ross PIkE.—Dr. WITMER STONE.—CHARLES CRAWFORD GORST. REPORTS OF STATE AUDUBON SOCIETIES . : ARIZONA, CALIFORNIA, COLORADO, Connecticut, District or CoLUMBIA, East TENNESSEE, FLorma, Itiinois, INDIANA, KeNntTUCKy, Massa- CHUSETTS, MICHIGAN, NEBRASKA, NEW HAMPSHIRE, NEW JERSEY, NortH CAROLINA, OHIO, OREGON, RHODE ISLAND, WEST VIRGINIA. Reports OF AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS AUDUBON SocIETY OF SEWICKLEY VALLEY (PA.).—AUDUBON SOCIETY OF THE Pactric (SAN FrRANcIScO, CAL.).—Birp CLuB or Lonc IsLanp (N. Y.).~— ‘Bird CONSERVATION CiLuB (BANGOR, ME.).—BiIRDLOVERS’ CLUB OF Brooxtyn (N. Y.).—Biarr County (Pa.) GAME, Fish AND FORESTRY ASSOCIATION.—BROOKLINE (Mass). Birp CLus.—BrusH HILt Brrp CLuB (Mitton, MAss.).—Burrato (N. Y.) AUDUBON SocrETY.—BURROUGHS Junior AupUBON Society (Kineston, N. Y.).—Cayuca Birp CLuB (ItHAca, N. Y.).—Cotumsus (Onto) AupuBON SocreETy.—CUMBER- LAND County (Mer.) AupuBon Socrety.—DeEtroit (Micu.) Avupu- BON SOCIETY.— DOYLESTOWN (PA.) NATURE CLuB.—ENGLEWoop (N. J.) Birp CLus.—Forest Hitts Garpens (N. Y.). AupUBON SocirEty.— FRrANKForT (Ky.) Brrp CLuB.—GLENVILLE (W. Va.) Norma Brrp CLus.—Hartrorp (Conn.) Birp Stupy CLrus.—Los ANGELES (CAL.) AUDUBON SocIETty.—Maywoop (ILL.) Brrp Crus.—MERIDEN (N. H.) Brrp CLuB.—MINNEAPOLIS BRANCH OF THE MINNESOTA GAME PRO- TECTIVE LEAGUE.—NEWBURYPORT (MaAss.) Birp Crius.—NortTH East (Pa.) Nature Stupy CiLusp.—PAsApDENA (CaL.) AuDUBON So- cIETY.—Port Huron (Micu.) Brrp CLrus.—RHINEBECK (N. Y.) Birp Crusp.—Rockaway Brrp Ciusp (Far Rockaway, N. Y.).—RuMson (N. J.) Brrp CLrus.—Saratoca (N. Y.) Brrp CLuB.—SEATTLE (WASH.) AupUBON SocrETy.—SoutH BENp (IND.) Humane Soctety.—SoutTu Haven (Micu.) Birp CLus.—SPoKANE (WaAsH.). Brrp CLus.—Sus- sEx County (N. J.) Nature Stupy CLusp.—VAssAR COLLEGE WAKE Rosin CLuB (POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y.):—Vrctror1a .(B..C.) Natura History Socrety.—Vico County (Inp.) Birp CLUB.—WELLESLEY CottecE (Mass.) Birp CLuB.—WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA AUDUBON Society (PiTtspuRGH, Pa.).—Witp Lirr Protective Society OF MILWAUKEE (WIs.).—WILLIAMSTOWN (Mass.) Brrp CLuB.—WINSTON- Satem (N. C.) AupuBoN SocreTy.—WynNcotTeE (PA.) Brrp CLus. REPORT OF THE TREASURER Lists oF MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS BENEFACTOR, FOUNDER AND PaTRONS.—LIFE MEMBERS.—ANNUAL MeEm- BERS AND GENERAL CONTRIBUTORS.—CONTRIBUTORS TO THE DEPART- MENT OF APPLIED ORNITHOLOGY.—CONTRIBUTORS TO THE EGRET FUND. (377) of GENERAL COLEMAN pu PONT Patron of the National Association of Audubon Societies. REPORT OF T. GILBERT PEARSON, SECRETARY INTRODUCTION A most striking evidence of the esteem in which the public holds the work of the National Association of Audubon Societies and the principles for which it stands has been manifested during the past year. The entrance of our nation into the world war has called for public service and financial support to an extent never even approached in this country before. Innumerable war charities of the most worthy character have made constant appeals for funds, and huge sums of money have gone into war relief. As a direct result, many institutions supported by the general public have suf- fered severely. Some have closed their doors, and others have curtailed their activities. Forty-six hospitals in New York City alone are behind in their budgets, and numerous worthy institutions are on the verge of collapse. With this Association it has been different. True, some of our good workers marched away to the war, and some hitherto large supporters have dropped their contri- butions, but others have come forward to take their places. Now, at the close of our year, it is with much pleasure we announce that in not a single line of our endeavor has it been necessary for us to curtail during the past year, and in most lines of activity we have been able to expand, because of the magnificent support the Association has received, for we have not only held our own, but the sustaining membership has grown 33% per cent during the past twelve months. ae This fact demonstrates clearly the seriousness with which the supporters of the Audubon movement regard the value of saving the wild life of the coun- try, and we may take it further as an expression of public confidence in the manner in which the Board of Directors conduct the Association’s affairs. AFFILIATED SOCIETIES AND BIRD CLUBS All the active State Audubon Societies and the larger per cent of the active local Bird Clubs under various titles are affiliated by membership with the National Association. These affiliations during the past year have grown in number from 114 to 134. About 65 of these Societies and Bird Clubs have submitted reports of their work the past year, and it is planned to publish these in connection with the Annual Report of the National Association. A perusal of these pages will astonish anyone not familiar with the vast amount of local effort being put forth for bird-study and bird-protection in this coun- try. The harmonious coéperation between the National work on the one hand, and the state and local work on the other, is bringing forth many splen- did results. If space permitted, it would be interesting to give here a complete list of the work done by these affiliated organizations, which in the aggregate would (379) 380 Bird - Lore cover approximately the entire field of bird-conservation activities. In read- ing these reports, the interest that has developed in the establishment of bird- sanctuaries is especially noteworthy. A few of these recently set aside may be mentioned: In Florida there is, at Fort Myers, the Julia Hanson Bird Reserva- tion. Recently the entire community of Winter Park, Fla., was made a bird sanctuary. Indiana reports a sanctuary established near Muncie and also the creation of a new State Park known as McCormick’s Creek Canyon Bird Reservation. Then there is the 25 acre sanctuary at Beaver, Pa., established in March by the ‘efforts of the Beaver Field and Audubon Club. The Rocka- way Branch of the National Association has access to the Sosiego Bird Sanc- tuary near that place. Every little while we are hearing of new bird-havens, and we hope that as others are established they may be reported promptly, in order that the entire list may be prepared for publication. In our legislative work and in all educational efforts we have found the affliated organizations ever ready, with rare enthusiasm and intelligence, to carry the battle in their respective regions. We have been much interested in an ingenious device invented by Dr. A. D. Pentz to train Sea Gulls to indicate the presence of enemy submarines and thus aid in the national defense. ee rood = FEEDING GULLS FROM A SUBMARINE. Diagram showing interesting invention by Dr. A. D. Pentz Report of the Secretary STATE AUDUBON SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ARIZONA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Thomas K. Marshall, Tucson. Secretary, Mrs. Harriet B. Thornber, Tucson. CALIFORNIA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. David Starr Jordan, Stanford University, Palo Alto. Secretary, Mrs. Harriet Williams Myers, 311 North Ave. 66, Los Angeles. CoLorADO AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Edward R. Warren, 20 West Caramillo St., Colorado Springs. Secretary, CONNECTICUT AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Mrs. Mabel Osgood Wright, Fairfield. Secretary, Mrs. William B. Glover, Fairfield. District oF COLUMBIA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Hon. Job Barnard, 1306 Rhode Island Ave., Washington. Secretary, Miss Helen P. Childs, Chevy Chase, Md. . FLormpaA AvbDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. W. F. Blackman, Winter Park. Secretary, W. Scott Way, Winter Park. ILLt1Ino1is AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, O. M. Schantz, ro South La Salle St., _ Chicaeo. Secretary, Mrs. F. H. Pattee, 2436 Prairie Ave., Evanston. INDIANA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Prof. Stanley Coulter, Lafayette. Secretary, Miss Elizabeth Downhour, 2307 Talbott Ave., Indianapolis. KENTUCKY AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Miss Isabel Clay, 445 West Third St., Lexington. Secretary, Victor K. Dodge, 173 Bell Court West, Lexington. MARYLAND AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Miss Isabel C. Tudor, 2410 North Charles St., Baltimore. Secretary, Miss Minna D. Starr, 2400 North Charles St., Baltimore. MASSACHUSETTS AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Edward Howe Forbush, 136 State House, Boston. Secretary, Winthrop Packard, 66 Newbury St., Boston. MicuicAn AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Mrs. Edith Munger, Hart. Secretary, Miss Gertrude Reading, Hart. MissiIssipp1 AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, William Hemingway, Jackson. Secretary, H. G. McGowan, Columbus. Missourt AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. Herman von Schrenk, St. Louis. Secretary, Miss Rowena A. Clarke, Kirkwood Station, St. Louis. NEBRASKA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. Solon R. Towne, Brandeis Building, Omaha. Secretary, Miss Joy Higgins, 544 South Thirtieth St., Omaha. NEw HAmpsHIRE AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Gen. Elbert Wheeler, Nashua. Secretary, Manley B. Townsend, 9 Mt. Pleasant St., Nashua. 382 Bird - Lore NEw JERSEY AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Clarence B. Riker, 432 Scotland Road, South Orange. Secretary, Beecher S. Bowdish, 164 Market St., Newark. NortH CAROLINA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. R. H. Lewis, Raleigh» Secretary, G. A. Martin, 405 Tucker Building, Raleigh. Onto AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. Robert C. Jones, 2373 Park Ave., Cincinnati. Secretary, Prof. Wm. G. Cramer, Woodward High School, Cincinnati. OREGON AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Wm. L. Finley, 651 East Madison St., Portland. Secretary, Dr. Emma J. Welty, 321 Montgomery St., Portland. PENNSYLVANIA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. Witmer Stone, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Secretary, Miss Elizabeth Wilson Fisher, 2222 Spruce St., Philadelphia. RuHOopDE IsLAND AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. H. E. Walter, Brown University, Providence. Secretary, H. L. Madison, Park Museum, Providence. SouTH CAROLINA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Frank Hampton, Columbia. Secretary, Miss Belle Williams, Columbia. TENNESSEE (East) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. J. F. Massey, Knoxville. Secretary, Miss M. M. Woodward, Knoxville. TENNESSEE (WeEsT) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. R. B. Maury, 1566 North Parkway, Memphis. Secretary, C. C. Hanson, Memphis. West VIRGINIA AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Walter Donaggho, Emerson Ave., North Parkersburg. Secretary, Miss Bertha White, 1609 Latrobe St., Parkersburg. CLUBS AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS AFFILIATED WITH THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ANDERSON (IND.) ‘Brrp CLubB. President, Secretary, Mrs. G. S. Parker, 424 West 11th St., Anderson, Ind. AupuBON ASSOCIATION OF THE PactFic (SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.): President, C. B. Lastreto, 260 California St., San Francisco, Cal. Secretary, Dr. R. M. Leggett, Butler Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. Brprorp (N. Y.) AupUBON SOCIETY: President, William G. Borland, Bedford Hills, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Emily F. Hopkins, Bedford Hills, N. Y. BirD CONSERVATION CLUB (BANGOR, ME.): President, Mrs. J. C. Buzzell, 11 Hudson St., Bangor, Maine. Secretary, Miss Alice Brown, 53 Court St., Bangor, Maine. Birp Lovers’ CLusp or CosHocton (OurI0): President, C. B. McCoy, Coshocton, Ohio. Secretary, Miss Madeline Schaeffler, Coshocton, Ohio. “HAVE A HEART? paid an AMES, “ . A JUNIOR AUDUBON CLASS EXHIBIT AT RICHMOND, VIRGINIA. (383) 384 Bird - Lore BLarr County (Pa.) GAME, FisH AND FORESTRY ASSOCIATION: President, John H. Winters, 1609 Eleventh Ave., Altoona, Pa. Secretary, Dick Heverly, 1609 Eleventh Ave., Misens: Pa: Brancw County (Micu.) Brrp Cus: President, Secretary, Mrs. E. F. Gamble, Coldwater, Mich. British CotumBiIA (CANADA) NATURAL History Soctety: President, Hon. A. R. Sherwood, Victoria, B. C. Secretary, Hon. J. R. Anderson, 410 Jones Block, Victoria, B. C. BROOKLINE (MAss.) Brrp CLuB: President, Charles B. Floyd, 19 Woodbine St., Auburndale, Mass. Secretary, Mrs. George W. Kaan, 162 Aspinwall Ave., Brookline, Mass. Brooxktyn (N. Y.) Brrp Lovers’ Crus: President, L. F. Bowdish, 903 East 35th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Secretary, George Schoonhoven, 773 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. BROOKVILLE (Pa.) AupuBON Brrp CLUB: President, Prof. C. A. Anderson, Brookville, Pa. Secretary, C. T. Benscoter, Brookville, Pa. Brush Hitt Birp -CLrus (Mitton, Mass.): President, Dr. N. Chandler Foot, Readville, Mass. Treasurer, Robert Saltonstall, 30 State St., Boston, Mass. Bupp Lake (N. J.) Nature Stupy Civs: President, Miss Amy R. Brown, 257 Ridge St., Newark, N. J. Secretary, Mrs. Martin L. Cox, 320 Clifton Ave. Newark, N. J. BurraLo (N. Y.) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. C. E. Beach; “236 ‘Herkimer St., Buffalo, NY. Secretary, Miss Caroline L. Doll, 587 Ellicott St., Buffalo, N. Y. Burroucus-AUDUBON NATURE CLUB OF Wormers (N.Y): President, William B. Hoot, 203 Monroe Ave., Rochester, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Anita Flint, 92 Clarissa St., Rochester, N. Y. Burroucus Junror AupusBon Society (Krnesron, N. Y.): President, Miss Nan Rodie, Kingston, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Elizabeth Burroughs, Kingston, N. Y. Cayuca Brrp Crus (Irwaca, N. Y.): President, L. A. Fuertes, 118 Waite Ave., Ithaca, N. Y. Secretary, Dr. Arthur A. Allen, McGraw Hall, Ithaca, N. Y. CHAUTAUQUA (N. Y.) Brrp AND TREE CLUB: President, Secretary, Mrs. Robert H. Miller, 17 West 45th St., New York. CLEVELAND (OHIO) Brrp Lovers’ ASSOCIATION: President, Mrs. E. C. T. Miller, toro Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Secretary, Mrs. Wm. G. Pollock. toro Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio. Cocoanut Grove (Fia.) AupUBON SOCIETY: President, Mrs. Kirk Munroe, Cocoanut Grove, Fla. Secretary, Mrs. Florence P. Haden, Cocoanut Grove, Fla. CoLtorapo Museum or Natura History (Denver, Coto.): President, Secretary, P. M. Cook, City Park, Denver, Colo. Cotumsia (S. C.) Brrp Crus: President, Prof. A. C. Moore, Columbia, S. C. Secretary, Miss Mary Carr, Columbia, S. C, oe en Report of the Secretary 385 CotumBus (OnI0) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Prof. C. Hambleton, Columbus, Ohio. Secretary, Miss Lucy B. Stone, 533 Franklin Ave., Columbus, Ohio. CUMBERLAND County (MeE.) AupuUBON SOCIETY: President, Secretary, Miss Amy B. Baker, 199 High St., Portland, Maine. DANVILLE (ILL.) Brrp CLUB: President, Mrs. T. W. Elliott, Hawthorne Point, Ill. Secretary, Mrs. D. F. Stevens, 507 North Vermillion St., shea oth Til. Detta Duck Crus (NEw ORLEANS, La.): President, John Dymond, Jr., 1005 Maison Blanche Building, New Orleans, La. Secretary, C. A. Burthe, Cottam Block, New Orleans, La. Detroit (Micu.) AupuBoN SocrEty: President, Mrs. Jefferson Butler, 121 Philadelphia Ave., West, Detroit, Mich. Secretary, Ralph Beebe, 600 Hillger Ave., Detroit, Mich. Detroit (Micu.) Brrp PROTECTING CLUB: President, Mrs. J. D. Harmes, 332 Hamilton Ave., Detroit, Mich. Secretary, Miss Agnes Sherman, 572 East Lawn Ave., Detroit, Mich. Detroit (Micu.) ZooLocicaL Society: President, Edwin Denby, Dime Bank Building, Detroit, Mich. Secretary, Richard E. Follett, Dime Bank Building, Detroit, Mich. DOYLESTOWN (PA.) NATURE CLUB: President, Mrs. I. M. James, 105 West Court St., Doylestown, Pa. Secretary, Mrs. Thomas Haddon, Doylestown, Pa. Excin (Iti.) AupDUBON SOCIETY: President, Carl F. Gronemann, 310 North Liberty St., Elgin, Ill. Secretary, Mrs. B. M. Ikert, 493 North Bt, Elgin, Tl. ENGLEWoop (N. J.) Brrp Cius: President, Dr. Frank M. Chapman, Englewood, N. J. Secretary, Miss Irene A. Hackett, Englewood, N. J. EVANSVILLE (IND.) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, George S. Clifford, Evansville, Ind. Secretary, Miss Edith O. Trimble, 1040 South Second St., Evansville, Ind. Fircupurc (Mass.) OuTpooR CLus: President, Miss Margaret W. Fosdick, 128 Prichard St., Fitchburg, Mass. Secretary, Miss Grace F. Barnes, 59 School St., Fitchburg, Mass. Forest Hitits GArpENsS (N. Y.) AupUBON SOcIETY: President, Fritz Hagens, Forest Hills Gardens, L. I., N. Y. Secretary, Miss Mary E. Knevels, Forest Hills, L. I., N. Y. FRANKFORT (Ky.) Brrp Cus: President, Rev. John J. Gravatt, cor. Broadway and Washington St., Frankfort, Ky. Secretary, H. G. Bright, 208 Campbell St., Frankfort, Ky. Gens Farts (N. Y.) Loca Brrp Crus: President, Secretary, Mrs. M. S. Potter, 169 Ridge St., Glens Falls, N. Y. GLENVILLE (W. Va.) Normat Brrp CLus: President, Edgar Hatfield, Glenville, W: Va. Secretary, Miss Pansy Starr, Glenville, W. Va. GosHEN (IND.) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Secretary, Mrs, H, W. Eby, Goshen, Ind, 386 Bird - Lore Groton (MAss.) BrrpD CLUB: President, Rev. Charles B. Ames, Groton, Mass. Secretary, Mrs. William B. Wharton, Groton, Mass. HARTFORD (CONN.) Birp Stupy CLUB: President, Arthur G. Powers, Hartford, Conn. Secretary, Mrs. Henry F. Cone, 4 Trinity St., Hartford, Conn. Hoprepate (MAss.) PARK COMMISSION: Chairman, Frank J. Dutcher, Hopedale, Mass. Secretary, Frank S. Clark, Town Hall, Hopedale, Mass. Kerz-Hi-Kone Camp Fire Grris (NauGAtucK, Conn.): Guardian, Mrs. C. L. Berger, Rockwell Ave., Naugatuck, Conn. Secretary, Miss Marian Johnson, 297 Church St., Naugatuck, Conn. LAKE Pracip (N. Y.) Brrp CLus: President, Melvil Dewey, Lake Placid, N. Y. Secretary, Godfrey Dewey, Lake Placid, N. Y. Lone Istanp (N. Y.) Birp Crus: President, Col. Theodore Roosevelt, Oyster Bay, L. I., N. Y. Secretary, Mrs. E. M. Townsend, Jr., Townsend Place, Oyster Bay, L. I., N. Y Los ANGELES (CAL.) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Mrs. F. T. Bicknell, 319 South Normandie Ave., Los Angeles, Cal. Secretary, Mrs. Geo. H. Crane, 1217 W. Santa Barbara St., Los Angeles, Cal. MANCHESTER (MAss.) WOMEN’S CLUB: President, Mrs. E. S. Knight, School St., Manchester, Mass. Secretary, Mrs. E. L. Rogers, 6 North St., Manchester, Mass. Manitowoc County (WIs.) Fish AND GAME PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION: President, E. L. Kelly, Dempsey Building, Manitowoc, Wis. Secretary, Fred Carus, 1402 Washington St., Manitowoc, Wis. Maywoop (Itt.) Brrp Crus: President, Samuel A. Harper, 220 South State St., Chicago, Il. Secretary, Roy M. Langdon, 709 North Third Ave., Maywood, IIl. MERIDEN (CoNnN.) Brrp CLUB: President, Judge Frank L. Fay, 591 Broad St., Meriden, Conn. Secretary, Mrs. W. C. Homan, 168 Curtis St., Meriden, Conn. MERIDEN (N. H.) Brrp, CLus: President, Harry B. Preston, Meriden, N. H. Secretary, Miss Elizabeth F. Bennett, Meriden, N. H. Mirrprook (N. Y.) GARDEN CLUB: President, Mrs. Oakleigh Thorne, Millbrook, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Katherine Wodell, Millbrook, N. Y. MINNESOTA GAME PROTECTIVE LEAGUE, MINNEAPOLIS BRANCH: President, C. N. Odell, N. W. Nat. Life Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn. Secretary, Frank D. Blair, Room 26, Court House, Minneapolis, Minn Miss Hattie AupUBON SOCIETY (LouisvIL1e, Koy ys President, Mrs. Pierce Butler, 1303 First St., Louisville, Ky. Secretary, Miss Alice L. Jones, 119 West Ormsby Ave., Louisville, Ky. New Beprorp (Mass.) WoMEN’s CLUB: President, Mrs. T. F. Tillinghast, 37 Eighth St., New Bedford, Mass. Secretary, Miss E. B. France, 174 Mt. Pleasant St., New Bedford, Mass. Newsuryprort (MAss.) Brrp CLus: President, Miss Harriot W. Colman, 14 Harris St., Newburyport, Mass. Secretary, Mrs. Wm. C. Moore, 186 High St., Newburyport, Mass. Report of the Secretary 387 JUNIOR AUDUBON SOCIETY BIRD-BOX EXHIBIT, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK An Excellent Suggestion to Instructors of Manual Training Classes in Public Schools. New CEentTurY Cius oF Utica (N. Y.): President, Mrs. F. M. Metcalf, 253 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Elizabeth G. Brown, 1104 West St., Utica, N. Y. New PHILADELPHIA (OHIO) BIRD CLUB: President, Mrs. J. M. Smith, 317 North Broadway, New Philadelphia, Ohio. Secretary, Miss Susann Taylor, 344 North Broadway, New Philadelphia, Ohio. Nortu East (Pa.) Nature Stupy CuLus: President, N. S. Woodruff, North Pearl St., North East, Pa. Secretary, Miss Alice Moorehead, 55 Gibson St., North East, Pa. ONONDAGA County (N. Y.) AuDUBON SOCIETY: President, Secretary, Willis G. Booth, 421 Douglas St., Syracuse, N. Y. PASADENA (CAL.) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Dr. Garret Newkirk, Pasadena, Cal. Secretary, Miss Frances K. Walter, 1085 North Raymond Ave., Pasadena, Cal. Port Huron (Micu.) Brrp Cus: President, S. J. Watts, Port Huron, Mich. Secretary, Mrs. John Gaines, 2638 Stone St., Port Huron, Mich. RAcINE (Wis.) Birp CLus: President, Secretary, Miss Louise M. Collier, 1308 Main St., Racine, Wis. RAMSEY County (MINN.) GAME PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION: President, John B. Sanborn, St. Paul, Minn. Secretary, John Mannheimer, 718 Germania Life Building, St. Paul, Minn. RANDOLPH Brrp CLUB OF WESTFIELD (N. Y.): President, Mrs. J. H. Kinney, Westfield, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Clara W. Keopka, Westfield, N. Y. RESOLUTE CIRCLE OF THE Krinc’s Daucuters (IvoryTon, Conn.): President, Mrs. Elizabeth Rathburn, Ivoryton, Conn. Secretary, Mrs. Laurel M. Behrens, Ivoryton, Conn. 388 Bird - Lore RHINEBECK (N. Y.) Brrp CLUB: President, Maunsell S. Crosby, Rhinebeck, N. Y. Secretary, Clinton G. Abbott, P. O. Box E, Rhinebeck, N. Y. RicHMoND (Ky.) Birp CLuB: President, Mrs. Robert R. Burnam, 252 The Summit, Richmond, Ky. Secretary, Miss Bessie Dudley, Water St., Richmond, Ky. Rockaway (N. Y.) BRANCH oF THE NATIONAL AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Miss Laura B. Broomall, 1123 Bayport Place, Far Rockaway, L. I., No ¥, Secretary, Miss Margaret S. Green, 2011 Cornaga Ave., Far Rockaway, L. 1., Rock Istanp County (ILt.) Brrp CLus: [N.-Y. President, Burtis H. Wilson, toro Twenty-first St., Rock Island, Ill. Secretary, Miss Nellie E. Peetz, Rock Island, Ill. Rumson (N. J.) Brrp Cus: President, Ira Barrows, 15 Maiden Lane, New York City, N. Y. Secretary, John B. Lunger, 120 Broadway, New York City, N. Y. SAGEBRUSH AND PINE CLus (NortH YAKIMA, WASH.): President, J. Howard Wright, North Yakima, Wash. Secretary, Miss Carrie Grosenbaugh, 413 Miller Building, North Yakima, Wash. SARATOGA SPRINGS (N. Y.) Brrp CLUB: President, Leon Waldo Rich, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Caroline C. Walbridge, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. SAVANNAH (GA.) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, H. B. Skeele, 116 West Gaston St., Savannah, Ga. Secretary, Dr. J. T. Maxwell, 102 East Liberty St., Savannah, Ga. ScITUATE (Mass.) WOMEN’S CLUB: President, Mrs. Eva L. Granes, North Scituate, Mass. Secretary, Mrs. Mary A. Doherty, Scituate, Mass. SEATTLE (WasH.) AUDUBON SOCIETY: President, Mrs. Charles Crickmore, 1133 Thirty-third St., Seattle, Wash. Secretary, Mrs. Ralph Krows, 2222 Emmons Place, Seattle, Wash. SEVEN GABLES JUNIOR AupUBON SoctreETy (St. Louis, Mo.): President, Miss Rowena A. Clarke, Kirkwood Station, St. Louis, Mo. Secretary, SEWICKLEY VALLEY AUDUBON Society (EDGEWORTH, PA.): President, Charles B. Horton, Edgeworth, Pa. Secretary, Mrs. J. R. Rose, 123 Meadow Lane, Edgeworth, Pa. SKANEATELES (N. Y.) AUDUBON SOCIETY: Chairman, Rev. A. S. Vail, Skaneateles, N. Y. ° Secretary, Miss Sarah M. Turner, Skaneateles, N. Y. SMITHLAND (Iowa) AupUBON SocIETY: President, Mrs. Kate Rahn, Smithland, Iowa. Secretary, Miss Nelle I. Jones, Smithland, Iowa. SomeEeRSET Hitts (N. J.) Brrp CuLus: President, John Dryden Kuser, Bernardsville, N. J. Secretary, Walter F. Chappell, Jr., Bernardsville, N. J. -Soutn Benp (INpD.) HuMANE Society: President, Mrs. F. E. Hering, 909 E. Jefferson St., South Bend, Ind. Secretary, H. A. Pershing, South Bend, Ind. South Haven (Micu.) Brrp CLuB: President, Mrs. A. D. Williams, South Haven, Mich. Secretary, Mrs. S. H. Wilson, Route No. 2, South Haven, Mich. Report of the Secretary 3809 SPOKANE (WAsH.) BrrD CLUB: President, Frederick Greenwood, 1724 Eighth Avenue, Spokane, Wash. Secretary, Miss Gertrude Kaye, 717 Waverly Place, Spokane, Wash. STATEN Istanp (N. Y.) Brrp CLus: President, Mrs. Charles M. Porter, 224 Davis Ave., West New Brighton, N. Y. Secretary, Howard H. Cleaves, Public Museum, New Brighton, N. Y. SussEx County (N. J.) Nature Stupy CLUB: President, Mrs. Wm. G. Drake, 33 Halstead St., Newton, N. J. Secretary, Miss F. Blanche Hill, Andover, Sussex Co., N. J. Trpton County (Inp.) Brrp CLuB: President, Dr. P. J. Penticost, Tipton, Ind. Secretary, Mrs. T. A. Allen, 352 North Main St., Tipton, Ind. TuEspDAY Sorosis CLuB (LAWRENCE, Mass.): President, Miss Georgianna W. Mank, 12 Reservoir St., Lawrence, Mass. Secretary, Miss Henrietta Durant, 4 Berkeley St., Lawrence, Mass. UtstER GARDEN Cxus (Kinesron, N. Y.): President, Mrs. William Lawton, Crown St., Kingston, N. Y. Secretary, Mrs. Everett Fowler, Maiden Lane, Kingston, N. Y. Vassar WAKE Rosin CLuB (PouGHKEEPSIE, N. Y.): President, Miss Mary K. Brown, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Mary Horne, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. VERMILLION (S. D.) AupUBON SOCIETY: President, R. A. Morgan, Kidder St., Vermillion, S$. Dakota. Secretary, Miss Anna Kennedy, Box 374, Vermillion, S. Dakota. VERMONT BIRD CLUB: President, Dr. Ezra Brainerd, Burlington, Vt. Secretary, Mrs. Nellie Flynn, Burlington, Vt. Vico County (Inp.) Brrp CLuB: President, Mrs. Leon Stern, 669 Oak St., Terre Haute, Ind. Secretary, Miss Amanda Lotze, Terre Haute, Ind. WapLEIcH StupENTS’ AssocraTION (NEw York Cry, N. Y.): President, Miss Frieda Finkelstein, 233 West 112th St., New York City. Secretary, Miss Mildred Bunnell, 235 West 135th St., New York City. WASHINGTON (STATE) FEDERATION OF WOMEN’S CLUBS: President, Mrs. Solon Shedd, Pullman, Wash. Secretary, Mrs. Ira D. Cardiff, 302 Oak St., Pullman, Wash. WATERBURY (CONN.) BrRD CLUB: President, R. E. Platt, 36 Chapman Ave., Waterbury, Conn. Secretary, C. F. Northrup, 138 Concord St., Waterbury, Conn. WATERTOWN (N. Y.) Brrp CLus: President, F. S. Tisdale, Watertown, N. Y. Secretary, E. W. Elsworth, 235 Ten Eyck St., Watertown, N. Y. WELLESLEY COLLEGE Birp CLuB (WELLESLEY, Mass.): President, Miss Isabel D. Bassett, 1716 Newkirk Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Madeline E. Almy, 21 Morgan St., New Bedford, Mass. WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA AUDUBON Society, (Pittsburgh, Pa.): President, Charles B. Horton, 902 Standard Life Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Secretary, John W. Thomas, Pittsburgh, Pa. Witp LirE Protective Society oF MILWAUKEE (WIs.): President, Clarence J. Allen, 1210 Second St., Milwaukee, Wis. Secretary, Adolph Biersach, Milwaukee, Wis. 390 Bird- Lore Witiiamson (W. Va.) AupUBON SOCIETY: President, : Treasurer, Miss M. B. Culross, Williamson, W. Va. WILLIAMSTOWN (MaAss.) Brrp CLUB: President, Prof. S. F. Clarke, Williamstown, Mass. Secretary, Mrs. O. M. Fernald, Williamstown, Mass. Winston-SAtem (N. C.) AupuBON SOCIETY: President, Col. W. A. Blair, Peoples Bank, Winston-Salem, N. C. Secretary, Miss Helen Keith, 32 Brookstown Ave., Winston-Salem, N. C. Wosurn (Mass.) WoMEN’s CLUB: President, Miss Gertrude B. Hutchins, 62 Mt. Pleasant St., Woburn, Mass. Secretary, Mrs. Blanche L. Dorr, 756 Main St., Woburn, Mass. Women’s CLuB OF SEYMOUR (CONN.): President, Mrs. E. B. Hobart, 40 Maple St., Seymour, Conn. Secretary, Mrs. L. C. McEwen, 106 West St., Seymour, Conn. WoMEN’s CLuB OF SUNNYSIDE (WASH.): President, Treasurer, Mrs. H. N. Dryer, Sunnyside, Wash. WomMENn’s EDUCATIONAL CLUB OF WALLA WALLA (WASH.): President, Mrs. Fredk. B. Merry, 418 Bellevue Ave., Walla Walla, Wash. Secretary, Wyncore (PA.) Brrp Crus: President, Ernest Corts, Wyncote, Pa. Secretary, Miss Esther Heacock, Wyncote, Pa. JUNIOR AUDUBON SOCIETIES No phase of the Audubon work has interested so many people during the year as the activities connected with the Junior Audubon Societies. All over the United States, and in thousands of homes in Canada, little children have been wearing their Audubon Buttons and talking of the Audubon Society work. There are few things that reach the average parent so closely as the instruc- tion his children are receiving in school. Many a man has given up shooting because of the love for birds developed by his child, and many a mother has taken the feathers from her hat because her little daughter told her it was wrong to wear them. People who would never think for a moment of going to a meeting of adults and listening to a program regarding birds, will, with the greatest eagerness, hitch the horse to the old surrey or crank up the Ford and drive ro miles to attend a Junior Audubon Society entertainment at which one of their own children is to stand on the rostrum for two minutes and recite: “A birdie with a yellow bill Hopped upon the window sill, Cocked his shining eye and said: ‘Aint you ’shamed, you sleepy-head!’ ” As an indication of how popular this department has grown, I may mention that the past year over 50,0co more Junior Audubon members were enrolled than during the entire period covered by the first four years of our Report of the Secretary | 301 Junior work, which began in the fall of 1910. Clouds of witnesses have risen in all parts of the country to show us that the Junior Audubon work is the most far-reaching effort ever made in America, or on any other continent, for interesting both children and parents in the subject of the beauty and value of bird-study. During the year, 11,935 Junior Audubon Clubs were formed, with a total membership of 261,654 paid members. . This work, as heretofore, was financed to the extent of $5,000 by Mrs. Russell Sage and by $20,000 from a benefactor of the birds whose identity, so far as I am aware, has never been discovered by anyone save the gentleman who annually sends us the checks. After five years, during which $94,000 have been received from this source, the only knowledge that the Secretary has regarding it is that it probably comes from a man. STATISTICAL SUMMARY OF JUNIOR AUDUBON CLASSES ORGANIZED DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 1, 1917 STATES CLASSES MEMBERS AGDRUND chek a ea Se ey een ay a a ge GRO Base eg tae sa 530 PARONR eh a i FS Sepeme es RMN Sontpea pet Se eres aan 176 POEMAUSOS ela eine SMe es au eee SIRE Roe RG Se 643 Ca IOriti a es i a aes ee es aero EY. opiates Rl Dae eae 8,431 COBrAA oo a ee in ee oe eds ee a 1,771 CORRUCHCUE LS ie isa) ete, mks pee eos ONE eno Re 12,546 TOMA WREO ass ins Gay Sans eae a Pere gr aie Varn are 109 Diatiict oF Colin bia: 5 oo is a oy ea Bic emia ie ory oF PLOT HB soe eae epee ey ade eee ss ee Ce Saya BEG oe in peek 4,049 SSEOISIA a es Bey ee ee Te ei, 2,578 Paani esc. eee een ee ee are BAe Ce ee 364 PUNO cise a eae cote ears py ape ee te alas ADS aye ey tiene TLs722 Pig na oes cat rer sy elie es te Gare ag Fa ee a neg or ean 6,490 EGON ee ee ee ee cen Ree aly Biase care oe BGO R OS Se eee 5,832 PAIS EUS ig Gi ae wae Re Oh a, VERS i se tr ie at 2,447 ICODLUCK Wess Srna ay) s iris Coe ee eae Ga PUA ros Ges 4 2,391 LOUISIARRS oo ro eau he eck nee BO iene a eles oo dol oye 542 WISI Geren ae ween ar eae ee oe ts Oe Fh Shs eae cite coed sien 1,585 MAT Vlad ea ee oe uk ee BRO eee ees 3,360 TM ASSACHUBELES Oia nes Fe et BIO pa eas 10,802 BATALI 78s ARGS Bets Ba asaee aN NUT ute 8 idk at lb Pa a LV oe Rhee a ean OR) ae 10,855 Mlintpevta.. cers eed oe eet or Oe) AGES sew ous ees Ty Sat ORISA ir es ace ee kt ee ee fy os Sc ae ts Reap nee 9Q1 DEO ee re a arama: Sp ee ae 2,099 WORN oe eg Se Or ee Nes es hee ME ae oe 1,063 PROWTORMA ow AT eae he wg SS Fas iS ewes Uy (aie Cyan egestas 3,080 PREV OUR phat pies Ouest BE ee a ae ae 474 Now HMamienite sot a ak IG es BEES tier y cae t5 6,165 TNR FORNON aoe Cees page bie oe eee st OIG Scena sks 248 14,382 ION DAREN er Pea aly hs Xo Sey cee eae 165 ING WV OPmce to Wines be era hie Ore ae ZT OAT a ae ak 41,514 392 Bird - Lore MISS RICHARDSON OF NEW YORK CITY, AND JUNIOR AUDUBON CLASS STUDYING A MOUNTED SPECIMEN OF THE BALD EAGLE AT THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. STATES CLASSES MEMBERS North Caroling | 50 ee, 5. Repnesy ceROr ia as 2,925 North Dakota. 25 es ees OO ee 1,888 OHIO. a a ee ais cee cs Bilgt oe 22,249 Oblahoma:. 2A oe eae 1,149 Oregon ea ee a ee 100. ee a 4,100 Petnsylvanisd ce oe ee ee P22 ae 17,464 Rhode letand se eee a ey needy Gn ven es 1,215 Sout Garona 6 ee OL oN se cs 1,600 South Dakota 2 ere es ee Ae oe ees ee 785 MONNOSSRE, FO a es en 100 Se 2,541 ERAR Cis oe ee ee eres ane LEO ea oes 3,960 ta Gs ies oe ee BAe RL eas, 738 WELMONE ss ee ee ean AS re 873 ViTQiae es fr eee ee ROO Oe al eas 2,356 Washington: es a Go4. ee 14,696 West Virginia coe oer ees TOO oS a ea 4,130 WVISCONEIN. 2s, Pec ery aes $56 oe ees oe 3,070 WYOMING i Oa ne a SHR IN eC ae aa 193 (Foreign) Canada. 23553 ac a MA i 8,048 OLMIS; oc Fie ee ee ee 11,935 261,654 Report of the Secretary 393 SUMMER SCHOOLS The Association’s experiment in conducting courses in bird-study in summer schools for teachers has proven a success. The past summer, for the third time, we arranged with the directors of a number of summer schools for giv- ing instruction in bird-study and bird-protection, the expense being borne jointly by the Association and the colleges where the work was done. The past season the following instruction was given: Prof. J. Bowie Ferneyhough gave the bird-work at the University of Vir- ginia this summer, consisting of a six-weeks’ course of lectures, laboratory work, and field excursions. Eighteen pupils took the course; fifteen passed final examinations satisfactorily and obtained credit on the primary and grammar grade professional certificate. Prof. Ralph Hubbard, of Cornell University, presented a course in bird- study at the University of Colorado, at Boulder. This consisted of classroom work, laboratory periods, and field-trips. Two public lectures were given. The course was six weeks in length. Sixteen students took the course as regu- lar college work, fourteen of them receiving credit. Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, of the American Museum of Natural History, New York City, taught bird-study for four weeks at the Summer School of the South, Knoxville, Tenn. Twenty-six students took the course. Four public lectures were given before the University and one before the Audubon Society of West Tennessee. Dr. Eugene Swope worked for four weeks at the State University of Florida, at Gainesville. Fifty-four pupils registered. He was able to arrange to have his bird-students receive the same credit as in such regular college courses in history, English, physiology, etc. Dr. Swope seems to have been rather severe in his final examinations, for he passed only nine for full credit. Some of his field-walks were given at 4.30 A.M., and the attendance on these occasions varied from eight to sixteen. Miss Lillian Finnell, of Tuskaloosa, Ala., arranged to give one lecture at seven summer schools in Alabama and Mississippi, and by visiting classrooms and otherwise meeting teachers, presented the subject in detail. She did this work at the following places: University of Alabama; Agricultural and Mechani- cal College; Mississippi College; University of Mississippi; Mississippi Indus- trial Institute; Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical Institute; and Howard College, at Birmingham, Ala. Prof. Charles S. Brumbaugh, of Cornell University, gave a course in bird- study at the Maryland Agricultural College. Thirty took the course, and five secured college credit marks. The course given was closely modeled after that regularly given by Prof. A. A. Allen at Cornell. Slides, lectures, and field- walks were used for demonstration purposes. Dr. Clifton Hodge, probably the most popular nature lecturer in this 304 Bird - Lore J. ae OC ss F Ee a) DR. SWOPE’S SUMMER SCHOOL CLASS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, JUST IN FROM A BIRD-WALK. NOTE THE WATERMELONS! country, gave a course of four weeks in bird-study at the University of Georgia. Several hundred attended these classes. A number of public lectures were given to the entire Summer School of 1,300 members. Prof. H. G. McGowan conducted a four-weeks’ course in bird-study at the University of Mississippi, with worth-while results. Dr. H. F. Perkins, of the University of Vermont, continued his bird-teach- ing efforts again this summer. Fifteen pupils took the course. He also gave public lectures to the entire Summer School. Miss Belle Williams, of Columbia, S. C., taught a month’s course in bird- study at the State Normal College at Winthrop, S. C. The students did not work for credit. Her classes numbered from twenty to fifty. Dr. Witmer Stone, of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, gave more than a month’s lecture-work in South Carolina, lecturing to students of the State University at Columbia, to members of the Charleston Museum, to the people of Manning, and at a number of teachers’ gatherings. The most striking development of our summer-school work this year has been the readiness with which some of the college authorities have been per- suaded to give college credit to students who successfully completed the course provided by our instructors. Such a thing as giving credit for a summer- school course in bird-study was unheard of not many years ago. Again we would urge that members who are interested in the educational phase of the Association’s work should consider the possibility of helping to support this field of activity. A moment’s reflection will readily convince one of the importance of thus reaching these thousands of teachers gathered in Report of the Secretary 395 strategic centers during the summer. As heretofore, almost the entire cost of this work the past summer was borne by one of our life members, Miss Heloise Meyer. LEGISLATION Forty-three state legislatures convened during the year. In these we have been, in many cases, active in wild-life legislation. Some of the more impor- tant ones may be mentioned: In California the usual flood of game bills was introduced, many of which were of an adverse character to wild-bird protection. For the sixth consecu- tive session, attempts were made to take protection from the Meadowlark, and this year the Flicker came in for condemnation. Mrs. Myers tells us that the chief complaint against this bird was that it makes holes in buildings. Through the strenuous activities of our California friends, practically all harmful bills were killed, although protection was taken from Blackbirds in three of the northern counties. The Florida Audubon Society was very active in endeavoring to secure the establishment of a state game commission. Your Secretary visited Tallahassee in the interest of the measure and, with Dr. Blackman, President of the Florida Audubon Society, stood in the lobby of the Senate when that body passed the bill, after it had passed the lower House. The Governor, how- ever, being of different political faith from that of the Legislature, vetoed the bill. In New York State we were much interested in the passage of the bill to establish a rural state police, which was advocated by one of our members, Miss Katherine Mayo, of Bedford Hills. This bill became a law. Another splendid measure enacted was a law requiring nature-study and humane education in the schools of the state. This was a great compliment to Mrs. H. Clay Preston, of Buffalo, who for so many years worked for this measure. We were glad to support a bill appropriating $15,000 and providing for the establishment of a course in wild-life conservation at Cornell University. The fight for this was led by the American Game Protective Association. In Ohio, bills to continue the protection of Quail for one, two, and five years were introduced. This met with our hearty support, and Dr. Swope was very active in working for them. In the end, a bill was introduced by the farming element of the Legislature to put the Quail on the song-bird list and give it protection at all times. This bill became a law. : In North Carolina, a bill to establish a state game commission was intro- duced by the State Audubon Society, but failed of passage by a narrow margin. In Oregon there was established, by legislative enactment, a wild-game refuge which includes the greater part of the counties of Multnomah and Clackamas. 396 Bird- Lore In Connecticut, three cat license bills were introduced. None of them passed. A bill passed providing a closed season on Golden and Black-bellied Plover, Greater and Lesser Yellow-Legs, and Wilson’s Snipe, from Decem- ber 31 to August 31, inclusive. Other small shore-birds are protected, and for those that may be shot a bag limit of ten was established. A cat license bill was also introduced in the Legislature of New Hamp- hire, but did not become a law. In the New Jersey Legislature, a bill providing for a bounty on Hawks and Crows was again introduced. The New Jersey Audubon Society opposed this, and the bill died. By far the most important pending legislation of the year has been the Enabling Act in Congress. This is a bill to provide authority for enforcing the Migratory Bird Treaty between the United States and Canada. Early in the year the bill was reported in the Senate by the Senate Com- mittee having the matter in charge. During the months of January and February the Secretary spent most of the time in Washington, directing a lobby in the interest of this matter. Special workers were brought, at the expense of the Association, from Kansas and Alabama, and much publicity was given to the entire subject. The members of the Association, as well as the officers and members of affiliated societies and clubs throughout the country, were appealed to and responded nobly by bringing to the atten- tion of their Senators the expression of local sentiment. The Massachusetts Audubon Society was especially helpful and was very liberal in its contribu- tions. The bill would doubtless have passed at that time but for the fact that it was regarded as an administrative bill, and was therefore one of the meas- ures doomed to defeat by the “little group of twelve wilful Senators.” When the new session of Congress convened in the summer, the bill was reintroduced. It was reported favorably by the Senate Committee that had it in charge, and on July 29 passed the Senate by a large majority. The meas- ure has not yet been brought up for consideration in the House. The second gathering of the present session of Congress will probably take place in Decem- ber. Every effort must be made at that time by the friends of the birds to bring the bill up for a vote and thus end this fight for which conservationists have been working for many years. FIELD AGENTS During the past year, in addition to our regularly employed field staff, we have financially codperated with several other forceful workers who have represented the Audubon cause in their respective fields of endeavor. Ten of these are mentioned under the head of ‘Summer Schools.’ Others are: Mrs. Granville R. Pike, of Washington, who lectured in the schools of her home state for three months, where she organized large numbers of Junior * Report of the Secretary 397 Audubon Clubs. Mrs. Pike also went to California and for a month preached the gospel of bird-protection under the auspices of the State Federation of Women’s Clubs. Ernest Harold Baynes continued his well-known work of general lecturing and formed a number of bird clubs. Charles Crawford Gorst continued his Chautauqua bird-work. On the Redpath-Homer Chau- tauqua’s circuit he lectured for three months in Texas, Kansas, and Okla- homa, and during the past summer he was on the Coit-Alber Chautauqua circuit for eleven weeks. Under the auspices of the National Association he organized thirty-nine new bird clubs. Of our regular field staff, E. H. Forbush, General Supervising Agent for the New England states, lectured constantly and did an immense volume of other work, as Massachusetts State Ornithologist, much of which is known to all bird-students. He probably accomplished more for the McLean Migra- tory Bird Treaty Bill than any one man outside of Congress. Winthrop Packard, of Massachusetts, directed the Junior Audubon work for his state, lectured before numerous audiences, and carried on a vast amount of detailed executive effort. William L. Finley, Agent for the Pacific Coast states, lec- tured all over Oregon and had a most successful lecture tour through the East, addressing twice the National Geographic Society in Washington, D. C., Columbia University in New York, and many other large gatherings. His excursions in the western wilds for moving pictures the past summer were accompanied with many thrills. Mrs. Mary S. Sage continued her work in the schools of New York state. During the year she spoke to audiences 143 times and thus reached more than 25,000 teachers and pupils. Dr. Eugene Swope, Ohio Field Agent, gave numerous lectures and surpassed even his former brilliant record in the matter of organizing Junior Audubon Clubs. Arthur H. Norton, Agent for Maine, now has a new active Bird Pro- tective Society, making headquarters in the Museum of Natural History at Portland. Herbert K. Job, working in ‘Applied Ornithology,’ found time to do much lecturing and take many moving pictures of birds in addition to supervising the extensive expansion work of the Association’s Bird Sanctuary and Experi- ment Station at Amston, Conn. More detailed reports of the activities of these effective workers will be published in connection with this réport.. AUDUBON WARDEN WORK One positive and important phase of the Association’s work for many years has been the guarding of colonies of water-birds by means of agents employed for the purpose. With the exception of the Egret colonies, few of these have been destroyed 398 Bird - Lore by hunters of recent years. Nearly every season, however, storms cause the loss of many young birds and eggs, especially on the low-lying islands of the South. The past summer was an exceptionally good one for the birds, as no severe storms occurred during the critical period of the colonies. Thus, at Gardiner’s Island, N. Y., at least 2,000 Ferns reared their young, while, on the neigh- boring shores, probably 500 Fish Hawks returned to their accustomed summer home. At the end of the season the warden wrote: ‘Terns and Fish Hawks all left during an easterly storm September 19.” On the Louisiana coast there was some disturbance by fishermen robbing the nests of Gulls and Terns. As the birds again laid eggs no very great dam- age resulted. The warden at Dry Tortugas, Fla., states that 400 Sooty Terns, mostly young, lost their lives by the attacks of Man-o’-war Birds and as the result of accidents. When we consider that there were probably 80,000 of these birds nesting on the Island, the mortality may be considered small. The warden at Gott’s Island, Maine, states that many young Herring Gulls died because of cold, rainy weather at hatching-time. Last year, mention was made that a fish factory had been erected on No- Man’s Land, Maine, with the result that the birds were greatly disturbed by the presence of men working at the factory, and by foxes that had been liber- ated on the island. A representative of the Association who visited the place this year reports, “I found only one Gull egg.”” Thus by human activity was the largest bird colony on the coast north of South Florida entirely dispersed. LEVY LAKE, KLORIDA, IN THE HEART OF THE EGRET COUNTRY. Photograph by T. Gilbert Pearson. Report of the Secretary 399 Many of these birds, however, gathered this year to breed on Ten-Pound Island and Two-Bush Island in the immediate neighborhood. On Metinic Green Island, Maine, there was, formerly, a large colony of Wilson’s and Arctic Terns, with a few Herring Gulls. The Gulls have greatly increased in numbers, and the warden reports that the past year they drove away prac- tically all the Terns. The above are simply a few notes culled from the many reports of the wardens and bird-students who, during the season, have visited the islands. However, these statements cover practically all accounts of unhappy occur- rences regarding the birds in question. One or two of our Egret colonies in Florida were shot into before our war- dens went into camp, and some damage was done. It should be borne in mind that many of these rookeries are in very isolated regions, and that some sea- sons the birds return to their breeding-grounds much earlier than others. It is often difficult to be informed of their arrival sufficiently in advance to give protection as early as it is needed. Otherwise. our Egret and Heron colonies seem to have had a good season. In May the Secretary visited Craney Island in Core Sound, N. C., and here, in a Heron rookery, discovered about 60 Snowy Egrets nesting. Special mention of this is made because of the fact that this colony is located about go miles in a straight line farther up the coast than Snowy Egrets have been known to breed for many years. It is clear that this group of birds is an over- flow from the protected rookeries farther south. Who knows but what, with continued guardianship, these birds may some spring be seen carrying sticks over the swamps of New Jersey, as they did a century ago! Reports of the wardens of the various protected rookeries show that in the aggregate something over 1,043,000 water-birds bred in our various pro- tected sanctuaries. This estimate covers 40 species, including Gulls, Skim- mers, Terns, Egrets, Herons, Ibises, Pelicans, and a few Guillemots, Eider Ducks, Florida Ducks, Limpkins, and Puffins. Innumerable small birds and various migratory shore-birds also found protection in these guarded areas. In all, forty-six wardens were employed during the year, and patrol-boats were provided for three additional Government wardens to whom no salaries were paid from the Association’s funds. During the year, we placed in com- mission a new warden patrol-boat on Klamath Lake, Ore. Another patrol- boat, to be paid for by the income from the Mary Dutcher Memorial Fund, is being built for work on the Pelican Island Reservation, Fla. LIST OF WARDENS ON GOVERNMENT RESERVATIONS SUPPORTED IN PART BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AUDUBON SOCIETIES T. J. Ashe, Key West and Tortugas Reservations, Florida. Wm. E. Lowe (Assistant), Tortugas Reservation, Florida. J. J. Furber, Klamath Lake Reservation, Oregon. We furnish a patrol-boat and pay for repairs. Bird - Lore 400 Paul Kroegel, Pelican Island Reservation, Florida. We provide a patrol-boat. B. J. Pacettie, Mosquito Inlet Reservation, Florida. We provide engine for patrol-boat and keep up repairs. Alexander McLean, East Huron Islands Reservation, Michigan. Albert Matulich, Pass a Loutre West Mud Lumps, Louisiana. Capt. Wm. M. Sprinkle, Breton Island Reservation, Louisiana. We furnish and maintain a large patrol-boat and a small gasoline launch W. Levi Sprinkle (Assistant), Breton Island Reservation, Louisiana. GENERA MAINE. Austin B. Beal Edwin B: Bailey George E. Cushman Dennis Driscoll Frank O. Hilt A. T. Faulkingham Joseph IM Grayvee veer. Edgar E. Harlow John E. Purlington Pred 2. Sma ices ics ee ee Ernest A. Young Elisha G. Bunker Willis E. Snow MASSACHUSETTS. Capt. G. B. McRae... Micwican. Oliver St. Andre........... New Jersey. Jarvis B. Rider......... New York. Irving L. Edwards Henry O. Rackett Nortu Carorrna. H. A. Bragg VirciniA. J. R. Andrews Ci wie eae Se we ie #0 eke le EGRET L WARDENS Freeman’s Rock. East and West Egg Rocks, Shark Rock, New Harbor Dry Ledges. Stratton and Bluff Islands. — Little Duck Island. Matinicus Rock. Forster, Brothers, and Libby Islands. .Great Duck Island. Moosehead Lake. Cone Island. .Old Man’s and Double Shot Islands. © No-Man’s Land, Two-Bush and Ten-Pound Islands, and Matinicus. Cranberry, Duck, Baker’s and Bare Islands. Metinic Green Island. Woepecket Island. . Passage Island, Gull Rock. .Sandy Beach. South end of Gardiner’s Island. North end of Gardiner’s Island. Glands, Royal Shoal, Leggett Lump. Cobb’s Island, Big and Little Easters. WARDENS FLtoripa. Oscar E. Baynard, Supervising Warden. Walter Thomas SMES JOCKSORS eo Bn ae a2. Malphurs. ii. ee ee ee § AA SOCKBON. fice sx cole y pede Frederick H. Ford.......... L. Ashburner ..Montgomery’s Prairies, Corkscrew Rookery. . Spruce Creek Swamp. .Orange Creek, Fowler’s Prairie, Brean Lake. Orange Lake Rookery. .. Bird Pond. Black Gum Swamp. ... Staggers Prairie Rookery. .... Wallace Bay Rookery. .. River Styx Rookery. _.. Waldo and Gainesville Rookeries. .Perhaps Bay Rookery and Tamaka Swamp. Guthrie’s Prairie, and Bundy’s Lake. San Sebastian River Islands. JULIAN BROWN, WARDEN OF CRANEY ISLAND ROOKERY, NORTH CAROLINA. An officer of intelligence and rare devotion to his duties. Photograph by T.Gilbert Pearson (401) 402 Bird - Lore GrorciA. Henry W. Manning.......... Big Buffalo Swamp Rookery. Missourt:: Role Hal ai ae Red Sea Overflow. NortH CAROLINA. Julian Brown....... Craney Island. SoutH CAROLINA. R. F. Grimball...... Buzzard’s Island. William: Blhotts 5 oc ee es Beaufort and vicinity. Sanditord Bee. oN ee Bugeasd Ss island, MISCELLANEOUS FACTS During the fiscal year we have published five new Educational Leaflets, written by the Secretary. These first appeared in Brrp-Lore and later were issued separately. They are: Leaflet No. 89, Black-necked Stilt; No. 90, English Sparrow; No. 91, Sage Grouse; No. 92, White-throated Sparrow; and No. 93, Phoebe. Our Department in Brrp-Lore occupied 173 pages. Il cibo distrutto in America dagl’insetti e dai -piccoli animali rosicanti basterebbe per nutrire il popolo Belga! Gli uccelli sono i nemici naturali _ piu accanniti di questa peste d’insetti. Le leggi di questo Stato e della Nazione proteggono gli uccelli insettivori, ma disgraziatamente molti - vengono uccisi maliziosamente o per cibo. Notificate queste violazioni al guardia-caccia piu vicino oppure all’indirizzo dato qui sotto. National Association of Audubon Societies - 1974 BROADWAY So tt NEWYORK Ciyy THE ASSOCIATION’S LINEN ‘ CWAR” POSTER SIZE 9x1s5 INCHES. These are posted in great numbers in every state in the Union. (403) aa i Ae bis 404 Bird- Lore to about $500. We now have 1,086 slides on hand, ready for delivery, and 393 unfinished ones in stock, ready for coloring. Bird-protective exhibitions have been numerous this season and have been very successful in arousing local interest in bird-study. The office of this Association responded to many requests for help. We were able to assist bird clubs, public libraries, schools, and ccher organizations. Loan exhibits, consist- ing of charts, bird-boxes, feeding-devices, etc., and great quantities of printed matter for distribution, were sent to the following places: New York City; Brooklyn, N. Y.; Forest Hills Gardens, L. I., N. Y.; Ridgewood, N. J.; New- ton Centre, Mass.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio; Fort Wayne, Ind.; Holland, Mich.; Durham, N. C.; and Montgomery, Ala. The home office of the Association, and also our branch offices in Boston and Cincinnati, continue to be extensive information bureaus. The questions received are of great variety, most frequent inquiries including such subjects as identifications of birds seen; construction of bird-boxes, feeding-devices, and bird-baths; how to form bird clubs and to establish sanctuaries; how to combat bird-enemies, such as cats, English Sparrows and Starlings; what bird- books to buy; what shrubs to plant to attract birds; information on game-laws; whom to engage as an interesting lecturer; and how to get a position as bird- lecturer. More than forty people applied to us for positions as field agents during the year. Other questions often received pertain to bird-protective exhibits, bird-day programs, bird-house contests and bird-plays for children. Other correspondents ask advice on the selection of cameras for nature photog- raphy, stereopticons, bird-glasses, and other such apparatus. Many violations of game-laws are reported, and the number has much increased since the ‘war’ posters were distributed. Occasionally we receive an appeal that requires particular consideration. Often we are asked to prescribe for sick Canaries. One letter asks us to locate the owner of a stray Carrier Pigeon that had been found in an exhausted condition. Some wanted to know where good shooting- grounds in the South could be found, and one asked us to recommend a good collecting-gun! One lady ’phoned the office to send people at once to remove a large mantelpiece in her flat and release an English Sparrow that had fallen behind it. She warned us that the mantel must carefully be replaced and with- out injury. FINANCES During the year the Association enrolled one Patron ($1,000) and 111 Life Members at $100 each. The funds thus received, with $325 in gifts, makes a total of $12,425 added to the permanent Endowment Fund of the Asso- ciation. Within the past few days the Finance Committee has invested $10,000 of this amount in a subscription for Second Liberty Loan Bonds. The sustaining membership, the fee for which is $5 annually, has increased Report of the Secretary 405 during the year from 3,024 to 4,022. The total income of the Association for the year amounted to $144,089.21, which is something more than $30,000 greater than the income for the previous year. NEED OF A BUILDING And now, in concluding this report, I want to lay strongly on the minds of the members and supporters of this Association the very great need of a suit- able home and headquarters for our National work, for if ever a Society needed a comfortable building of its own it is this one. At the present time we are cramped into six offices of a regular office building on Broadway. As every effort is made to carry forward the Association’s work as inexpensively as is consistent with getting good results, the Board has not felt justified in paying the high rents necessary to secure sufficient space to be suitably housed. Furthermore, there is little chance for expansion and no opportunity for developing and maintaining attractive exhibition rooms, which we should by all means possess. The development of our organization has now reached such a phase that our activities should be focused in a national headquarters—a great clearing-house for the exchange of ideas. Our present facilities provide only for our office- work. We should have a commodious building in which those interested in the protection of the wild life could meet face to face at all times and discuss the great problems on conservation which daily confront us. There is an imperative need for a building where the workers in our field may gather for counsel and inspiration, a social center, if you please, from which our efforts may radiate to all parts of the world. We have not at present even an adequate room for the reception of members, friends, and visitors. Such a building as some of us have longed for and dreamed of for years should contain abundant office space and storage rooms—should have rooms for per- manent exhibits of bird-houses, feeding-devices, and bird-attracting apparatus. Samples of all types should be on permanent exhibition. Here we should have exhibitions of shrubs and trees that produce fruit and berries that people may plant in sanctuaries or about their homes to provide food for birds. We should have a display of pictures, transparencies, and other illustra- tions that might be studied by people desiring further information on the sub- ject of our wild life. The modest library on conservation and natural history which we have been building the past few years should vastly be expanded. There is no such thing as a conservation library in America, and this Association is the logical force that should acquire and maintain such a library for the rapidly increasing army of bird-students. It would be of great help today, and the material that could now be gathered and preserved would be of vast interest to those who follow us in the generations to come. 406 Bird- Lore We should have a museum where all the birds of the world used for millinery trade could be exhibited and the trade product displayed and the trade name attached. We should have comfortable quarters and a rest-room for members and friends who visit the city, with an assembly hall where we could arrange for lectures and to which we could invite representatives of wild-life protective associations to hold their conventions. In many other ways such a building would be of ‘ame ahh value to the cause and would greatly tend to strengthen our efforts by bringing us in closer touch with the public. Enrolled among our members are hundreds of people, any one of whom could easily provide the funds for building and equipping such a home, and there is no doubt but that there are thousands of members who would be glad to contribute something toward such an enterprise. An attractive, commodious home containing provisions for the opportunities for service outlined above would immeasurably increase the influence of the Association and the cause we represent. With most profound earnestness, therefore, do I wish to lay this matter before you in the hope that it may reach the attention of some one or more people who may before long make possible the realization of this cherished hope. CANADA GEESE AT BELLPORT, LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK. Photographed April 1, r9r7, by Dr. Frank Overton. Reports of Field Agents 407 REPORTS OF FIELD AGENTS REPORT OF EDWARD HOWE FORBUSH, FIELD AGENT FOR NEW ENGLAND The interest in legislation for the protection of birds in New England has been largely transferred to Washington, in the hope that through the treaty with Great Britain, under which migratory birds of the United States and Canada are protected, we might get efficient federal protection of migratory species. Your agent has done what he could toward the passage of an enabling act, under which the provisions of the treaty might be enforced. It is now well known that thus far this act has passed the United States Senate only and has failed in the House. Let us hope that it may be passed by the House at the next session. During the year your agent has delivered about fifty lectures. At a meeting of the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture at Springfield, Mass., a lecture was given in, the auditorium to over 3,000 people, at which motion- pictures furnished by the National Association, and taken by Herbert K. Job, were exhibited, to the delight of the audience. In April, 1917, an investigation of the present condition of the Heath Hen was instituted. On my inspection of the reservation on Martha’s Vineyard in 1916, fully 800 birds were accounted for, and the superintendent of the reserva- tion believed there were 2,000 on the island, but on May 12 of that year a very destructive fire swept that part of the island devoted to the birds, and in April, 1917, less than 50 pairs of birds could be accounted for. The fire of 1916 occurred just as the birds were beginning to nest. Probably very few Heath Hens bred that year, and many of them may have been destroyed by the fire, although few remains were found; but the fire swept away the cover so that they were exposed on the burned and blackened ground to the attacks of their enemies. It destroyed a large part of their food and ruined the prospect of an acorn crop for the winter, and then in the autumn an unprecedented flight of Goshawks came to the island from the North and undoubtedly destroyed a large share of the remaining birds during the winter. The superintendent, being required to patrol the entire island to enforce the game laws, could spend only a part of his time in the actual protection of the Heath Hen. During a visit to the island in October, 1917, very little evidence was found of the rearing of young birds this year, and from all appear- ances the Heath Hen now is rapidly moving toward extinction. A few birds have been sent to Long Island, and some to Wenham, Mass., but in neither of these localities have they reared any young. Nevertheless, if the few re- maining birds survive, the winter conditions will be better for them on the island than for several years. The fire has killed most of the large trees about the reservation, and the resulting low growth is exactly what the birds seem to EDWARD HOWE FORBUSH. State Ornithologist of Massachusetts, and New England Agent for the National Association. (408) Reports of Field Agents 409 thrive in. The new sprouts have grown up so as to form sufficient cover; there is a good coating of dry leaves on the ground; and probably there will be a plentiful supply of food for the few birds that are left. Just now, if a first- class man can be placed in charge of the reservation and can give his entire time to the protection and propagation of the Heath Hen, and if any birds survive the winter, the chances are that next summer will see a substantial increase. Much time was spent during the summer in an examination of the Mass- achusetts colonies of sea-birds. The colonies of Terns are doing well, with the exception of those which are particularly exposed to the attacks of cats and skunks. The Least Tern, apparently, is in danger of extirpation from New England. The colony formerly established on Katama Beach, near Chappa- quiddick, was fairly safe so long as it was protected by a deputy commissioner of the Fish and Game Commission, who took a special interest in it, and so long as the inlet through the beach remained open, but when the inlet closed, the cats from Chappaquiddick made those colonies their hunting-ground. Later, the warden, who had trapped the cats, left the service of the Com- mission. Now this colony is practically extinct, or has moved farther up the beach where there is still a small colony. A few years ago the Least Terns on Martha’s Vineyard probably numbered about 400 birds. All the colonies on the west end of the island this year seem to be extinct, and probably there were less than fifty pairs of birds left on the island at the end of the breeding-season. There are a few still remaining on Cape Cod, but your agent was unable to visit their breeding-place this year. The Fish and Game Commissioners propose now to place deputies on several of the principal breeding-grounds of the Terns during the nesting-season, that they may be protected, not only from summer visitors, but from their natural enemies. Possibly, in this way the Least Tern may be saved. Late in the summer a visit was made to Mr. Job at Amston, Conn., for consultation in regard to the details of his work. A report of the interesting and useful work done at this station appears elsewhere. In closing this brief report your agent, as an unsalaried officer, cannot re- frain from calling attention to the remarkable success of the Association in its ~ chosen field and the magnificent support it has received during the year just passed in the midst of the excitement and distractions of the entrance of our country into the world-war. This success is due in part to the recognized value of the work in which the Association is engaged, but mainly to its excellent management. The directing board of the Association is to be felicitated on having chosen the right man as secretary and executive officer, and on having given him wise counsel and consistent support. His absolute loyalty to the cause and his ability in management have never produced greater results than in this year, which, because of the demands of the war, has been one of dis- couragement to many worthy organizations. Under the most trying and de- 410 Bird - Lore pressing conditions, Secretary T. Gilbert Pearson has again vindicated the judgment of the Directors by securing the sinews of war and bringing the work of the Association up to its highest point of efficiency under trying circum- stances. It is only fair to say, however, that the Association’s opportunities for exceeding usefulness in this field continually outrun its resources. REPORT OF WINTHROP PACKARD, FIELD AGENT FOR MASSACHUSETTS During the past the Massachusetts agency has found a new field for activity in the Junior Class work. This work, hitherto carried on by the State Society, has been increased. In all, 519 classes, with 10,802 members, were the result. The campaign for the coming year has already started, and we are looking forward confidently to a still further increase of junior membership. Working persistently throughout New England, your agent has been able to add 161 new sustaining members to the Association’s list, 55 more new members than were thus obtained last year. The office, which is recognized as headquarters for the bird-protection movement throughout New England, has been able to give advice and assistance in very many ways. Some fifty lectures were given by your agent before schools and societies. At the State Bird Day held at Amherst in conjunction with the State Society, the State Board of Agriculture, the State Grange, and the Agricultural College, an exhibition was made of the Association’s literature and bird-protection material, and your agent lectured on the needs of bird-protection and the work of the Association. The Association was also represented at a number of local Bird Days throughout the state. A good deal of the work has consisted in giving definite advice and assist- ance in regard to bird-protection, both at the office and in the field. The Associa- tion has thus been of service to large estates, to communities, sanctuaries, and to very many people who protect the birds in an effective if less extensive manner. At the coming of the cold weather the usual request that the birds be fed was sent broadcast throughout New England and received an earnest response. Your agent has done what he could to promote the cause of bird-protection in legislation and has been of. assistance wherever he felt there was need. — He wishes to express his appreciation of the vital assistance and encourage- ment of the New York office, without which he feels his efforts would have been far less effective. Reports of Field Agents Att REPORT OF EUGENE SWOPE, FIELD AGENT FOR OHIO One proof that the National Association has succeeded in awakening a wide and permanent public interest in the cause for which it has so faithfully worked is found in the ever-increasing number of high-school compositions, graduation essays, club papers, and the like that are nowadays based upon bird- protection and the Audubon movement. This fact also points to the growing need for a book or pamphlet which should contain the essence of all Secretary Pearson’s annual reports and Mr. Ingersoll’s sketch of the origin, progress, and accomplishments of ‘the Associa- tion, together with other material. The facts contained in such a book would become the basis of many a club CAN OHIO AFFORD TO BREAK FAITH WITH ITS CHILDREN ? TODAN THE BOY INSTEAD OF CARRNING A FLOOGCRT MFLE,OR AIR GUN, GOES INTO THE Woo00S To &Tu0Y THA HAGIT.S OF THE BIROS ANO THER ARRIVALE AND MIGRATIONS — ES Ne V &-———— IRGOOSC/ \F we TEAcH OvR mee? ¥ G / CHILOREN THIS WHY ae BASS SHOULD WE DPSET ALL face YEH WY on Awe TEACHING EY a ba | ay PERMITTING GROWN MEN YP to 00 TS? WHY SHOULD Wy “TH LEGISLATURE uF Vp | 4 42. > :) 7 (SEF. CHET y a | : WINTER FEEDING 7 ‘|| STATIONS ARG A “|| 6GING PLaceo ASS 6 - « AneovGHout THE Y /, country —— : W be OUTSIDE OF HUNOREDS OF WINDOW LEDGES ARE y FERDING SHELTERS — 2 . oe r TODAY ALL OF ae oF WE GREAT PRO- GRESSWE STATE . iS) PT OF OWIO LEGALIZE HS BOOKS “AND A WY, ‘ Se, THE SLAUGHTER 7 Ls Att OF HIS Lessons J wp masons ree da Yet th Teacu the ; Ss cunoren Zt ly, = Bor BIRO ic e x,t om Ns ee ie GE) doers Sere ) ( ‘ AND THE GQ. 3 Ks Bons BNET tags (ies Atl a : \ Nope ke SN Neo ory AER HAN ASS W Ww 5 A LARGE SERIES OF EFFECTIVE CARTOONS BY IRELAND WAS USED IN THE COLUMBUS EVENING DISPATCH TO AID IN THE FIGHT FOR QUAIL PROTECTION IN OHIO. Wee ay) ANG as 412 Bird - Lore paper and graduation essay and thus aid in further impressing upon the public mind the value of bird-study and protection. Your agent has been forced to this conclusion through the great number of requests for just such information. This new and growing interest in the Middle West is in no way peculiar to this section. This year the most striking legislative act favoring bird-protection was that of placing Bob-white on the song-bird list. All Audubon and conservation interests of the state favored giving continued protection to the introduced birds as well as to the diminishing native ones. The Grange interests of the state, feeling that they had suffered too long at the hands of trespassing hunters, and being wholly out of sympathy with the Fish and Game Commission, but having Governor Cox on their side as well as holding the balance of legislative THE LEGISLATURE IS THE JURY | WANT To SANE THE ee 1 WANT -To Kitt THE BIRD FOR THE FARM! FOR FUN! \S SS = = = WQoq — S. w~S S = is Q \ i, Bit Te PLACE QUAL ON THE SONG BRD LST ( —— EAS ONE OF THE IRELAND CARTOONS USED IN THE OHIO QUAIL FIGHT. ie i E SWOPE, N DR. EUGE Chipping Sparrow feed her young. arden watching a is g inh 10, Field agent for Oh (413) 414 Bird - Lore power, decided to make a clean sweep this time instead of temporizing as formerly. They passed the bill in both Houses all but unanimously. Sports- men’s leagues and the Fish and Game Commission officially fought the bill, but many sportsmen individually worked for it, as well as a few state wardens. The economic value of the Bob-white was the strongest argument in its favor and was generously used by the protectionists. This plainly showed that Ohio farmers now realized the worth of the living bird over that of the dead one. Many of the leading Ohio papers were strongly in favor of giving the Bob- white permanent protection. These and numerous other papers of the state have been liberal in space devoted to the Audubon cause and have freely published all reports and news items sent them by your Field Agent. Their help in the cause of bird-protection is highly appreciated in the state. The Cleveland Bird Lovers’ Association, the Columbus Audubon Society, and the Ohio Audubon Society are the progressive organizations of the state and are constantly widening their sphere of influence. The Ohio Society pro- poses, the coming season, to specialize in a fight against the cat. Conducting the Summer School Bird Study Class at the Florida State University during July was one of the most interesting features of the year’s work. The class membership consisted of teachers who were taking extension work for professional credits. They applied themselves as diligently to bird- study, both afield and in classroom, as to any other subject of mental training and pedagogical equipment. They were as ready at 4 A. M. for a scouting trip as at 7 Pp. M. for a lantern lecture. It was the unanimous opinion of the class that one month is too short a time to do justice to the subject. No doubt the Summer School will in the near future have to provide for a full term course for this new item of education. The records in Ohio, June 1, show that 1,121 Junior Classes had been formed during the year, with a membership of 22,249. This is mentioned as evidence that your agent increased his activities along all lines, since this record sur- passes all former ones. REPORT OF ARTHUR H. NORTON, FIELD AGENT FOR MAINE The Legislature was in session from the first of January well into April, requiring a long period of vigilance; many measures were introduced to secure longer open seasons and spring shooting, together with two separate bills to secure bounties on Crows. It is most gratifying, and significant of good results of past efforts, to be able to report that the defeat of these measures was easy, owing to popular opposition and to the fact that legislators of leading influence promptly appeared in defence of the birds. A well-supported bill to require a resident hunters’ license again was overwhelmed by popular opposition. The law prohibiting the hunting of water-fowl with motor-boats on the tidal waters Reports of Field Agents AI5 of the state was made general. Protection for Eagles (which had been inad- vertently dropped during a revision of the laws) was restored. The laws relat- ing to the taking of migratory game-birds was made to conform to the revised Federal law, thus placing Maine in the ranks of the states upholding that law. During the month of February a pair or more of Bald Eagles resorted to the Back Cover in Portland, at the mouth of the Presumpscot River, between Portland and Falmouth, feeding on the dead and sickly, and possibly some healthy, Black Ducks, which bed in these places through the winter to the extent of thousands. All the birds were near and in plain view of the numer- ous trolley cars which traverse these sections. Many sportsmen, bird-students, and interested persons resorted daily to the two bridges to enjoy the privilege of observing these magnificent birds at close range, as well as the great con- gregation of Black Ducks and Whistlers. Some viewing the Ducks that were being eaten, which might afford a few extra targets another open season, complained to the Commissioners of Inland Fisheries and Game that the Eagles were doing large damage. Sensational reports under such captions as ‘Eagles Eating the Back Bay Ducks” and “Battles in the Air” had appeared in the local papers. The Commissioners issued permission to have the Eagles destroyed and notified Warden Cushman of this action. Mr. Cushman, who is also an Audubon warden as well as a state warden, reported to your agent, who immediately communicated with the Chairman of the Commission, pre- senting the facts in the case, and the Chairman, Mr. Harry B. Austin, at once withdrew the permission. Careful watch of the Eagles was kept by your agent and Warden Cushman until the ice broke up, allowing the Ducks to scatter widely, but neither of us was able to witness the capture of a Duck or the attempt of the Eagles to capture one. A few sickly Ducks, unable to fly, were detected in the flock. No inspection of the large colonies of birds which breed in the state was called for this year, and very little field-work was done. It was observed that a large colony of Terns returned to the Outer Green Island, in Casco Bay, to breed. A large colony of Black-crowned Night Herons, among which a few Great Blue Herons were breeding, was visited in Casco Bay. This is a colony not previously reported. Early in the winter a local Audubon Society, The ‘“Cumberland County Audubon Society,” was organized in Portland with a gratifying membership. This resulted in uniting the general interest in feeding and otherwise attracting birds, and in bringing together a large number of bird-lovers for mutual con- sideration of birds and their needs. WILLIAM L. FINLEY, The National Association’s agent for the Pacific Coast, taking moving pictures on the verge of Crater Lake. (416) Reports of Field Agents 417 REPORT OF WILLIAM L. FINLEY, FIELD AGENT FOR THE PACIFIC COAST STATES URING the early part of - May, in company of R. B. Horsfall and Stanley Jewett, I inspected the bird colonies on Klamath Lake Reservation and spent four days getting moving-pictures of Sage Grouse during the strutting season. We discovered a place at the. lower end of the lake where the Sage Cocks were accustomed to come very early in the’ morning and late in the afternoon to perform their interesting dance. This place was an open wash of 10 to 12 acres between the sagebrush and the edge of the lake. By building a sagebrush blind and entering with the moving-picture camera before daylight, we succeeded in getting good pictures of the perfor- mances of these birds. During the spring season, while the females are on the nest, it is the custom of the males to come in for miles around to an open place that might be called an outd6or dance-hall. At first the birds were very wary about coming anywhere near the blind, but after the third day they became accustomed to it, and we had one bird as near as 25 feet from the camera. These pictures furnish a very important record of the life history of this rapidly disappearing bird. Field-work has been carried-on during the past year in conjunction with Stanley Jewett of the Biological Survey with the idea of completing a coéperative state and federal report on the birds and animals of Oregon. During the months of June and July an exten- sive trip was made throughout eastern Oregon. Nearly a month was spent in the Malheur Lake country and in the Steins Mountains to the south. Far out in the wide, sagebrush country, about 50 miles from the nearest town, we came to an old deserted homesteader’s cabin. From a general view of the surroundings, this was the last place in the FINLEY’S FLICKERS. BOBCAT AT BAY ON THE LEDGE OF A CLIFF IN SOUTHEASTERN OREGON. Photograph by H. T. Bohlman. >. * “4 } OR i ‘ SCALED QUAIL IN-BREEDING-PEN ON NATIONAL ASSOCIATION’S BIRD SANCTUARY AND EXPERIMENT STATION, AMSTON, CONN. Photograph by H. K. Job. enjoy the bird-life, there having been no local hostelry, Mr. Ams has enlarged and renovated a former boarding-house, at a cost of $7,000, and had the new enterprise opened last August as Amston Inn, with plain furnishings, good food, and moderate prices. Bird-loving visitors and excursions of Bird Clubs have already utilized it. From this Experiment Station, as well as from other sources, a large amount of valuable data is being gathered for use in demonstration work, in corres- pondence with inquirers, and for publications of the Association or through other channels. Much of this is given out through various magazine and news- paper articles, which helps to reach and interest a larger public. During the Reports of Field Agents 427 year ‘Circular No. 5’ has been published, summarizing the work of this Depart- ment, which proves useful in answering inquiries, thus saving much writing. Thus far the Department of Applied Ornithology has been maintained by a small number of generous friends of wild birds. As many people have availed themselves of its services, it has seemed both fair and timely to try to have the work supported by a much larger constituency, including donors of small amounts. To arrange this a plan is being carried out which it is hoped will put the Department on a permanent self-sustaining basis and make possible further enlargement of the work. YOUNG CALIFORNIA QUAIL, BROODED BY A HEN AT THE AUDUBON SANCTUARY AMSTON, CONNECTICUT. Photograph by Herbert K. Job. REPORT OF MARY S. SAGE, ORGANIZER IN SCHOOLS There seems to be a greater demand than ever before for the Junior work in the public schools, judging from the calls for my services during the past year. After the annual meeting I returned to Albany, where I had promised to make some addresses, and would have been kept there to make a second tour through the city schools had I not felt I must go on to Syracuse. I worked in Syracuse and vicinity until the Easter holidays, making one trip to the northern part of the state. Since the last annual meeting, talks and lectures have been given in the following places: House of Refuge (Randall’s Island), Menands, Hudson Falls, 428 Bird - Lore Albany, Rotterdam, Mechanicsville, Alplaus, Round Lake, Niskayuna, Troy Boys’ Club, Carman, Oneonta, Schuylerville, Berkshire Industrial School, Solvay, Syracuse, Plattsburg, West Chazy, Rouse’s Point, Peru, Clyde, Corona, South Ozone, and many schools in the Bronx, New York City. On October 15, 1917, I began the season’s work by speaking at Public School No. 44, Bronx, and since that date have given seventeen illustrated lectures in the Bronx schools. One day, at the request of the Principal, I gave four talks and had an audience totaling 1,800 pupils. I have been asked to return to speak to some of the lower grades, as all the children cannot be in the Assembly Room at one time, some of the schools having over 3,000 pupils. I have a number of appointments to speak in the Bronx schools, also in Brooklyn and other places on Long Island. I gave three talks to the Nature Class at the Normal School, Oneonta, the nature-study teacher being desirous that her teachers learn all they could so as to be able to present it properly when given schools. When I went to Platts- burg and Rouse’s Point -it was very cold, snow lying deep everywhere, trains late and appointments hard to keep on time, but the people were always there and waited patiently for trains and the speaker. It certainly paid, although it was a most strenuous trip. One cannot help but feel encouraged the way the work is welcomed. The schools of Greater New York seem to feel as enthusi- astic as the smaller places where the birds can be seen and studied first-hand. During the year I have given 143 public talks and lectures and reached in this way over 25,000 teachers and pupils. REPORT OF MRS. GRANVILLE PIKE, SPECIAL AGENT FOR WASHINGTON In the matter of bird-conservation Washington is no longer in the race for lowest place. Busied she still is with the foundation tasks of empire build- ing, but she is rapidly coming to realize that the saving of natural assets is quite as important as accomplishments in production and construction. A large proportion of any credit claimed may justly be given to the State Federation of Women’s Clubs which, in the absence of a State Audubon Society, has for two years fostered this movement. Early and full recognition should be given to the stimulating effect of assistance from the National Association of Audubon Societies which supplied the services of a field worker for three months and made possible the enroll- ment of 14,696 Junior Audubon members. If the eastern givers, who generously finance such campaigns, could have followed the course of this—one day in the tense, alert, crowded auditorum of the city, the next in the isolated appreciative one- or two-room rural school— they would realize with joy that they have made a worth-while investment. One day there was, outstanding and distinct in its experiences, when a . Sd oes MRS. MARY S. SAGE, SCHOOL LECTURER FOR THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION (429) 430 Bird - Lore group of the state’s best women took the organizer through the driving rain of an equinoctial storm, over slippery unsteady plank roads, to the schools in the logging-camps of the Gray’s Harbor region. When the schools of Moclips and Pacific, on the very western rim of the continent, pledged themselves to work for bird welfare, it seemed somehow a sacred, sacrificial thing that these boys and girls, so remote from Audubon headquarters, should unite themselves as a final link in one of its chains for the protection of wild life. FEEDING FRIENDLY FINCHES. Photographed at Aberdeen, Washington, by Mrs. Granville R. Pike. Prominently among our bird mercies we reckon the fact that our Governor, our State Superintendent of Schools, and our State Game Warden have each given their personal and official encouragement to the cause of the birds and have aided in the making of bird-exhibits which have formed an important part of our educational activity this year. In addition, all the educational forces of the state are turning their attention, in increased measure, to bird-conservation. Our higher institutions of learning are putting considerable emphasis on bird-study, and our public schools are giving more time to this phase of nature instruction than formerly. Seattle had a notable Bird Day this year, and many other schools observed the day worthily. Where, heretofore, the solitary bird-student pursued his lonely way, there Reports of Field Agents 431 are indications of developing community interest in birds. The remarkable growth of the Spokane Bird Club, the formation of a large Audubon Society in Seattle, and the beginnings of study clubs in Tacoma and elsewhere are all encouraging signs of the times. No single recognition of bird-needs has given more encouragement than a recent decision of the State Game Farm management to include provision for non-game birds in the planting plans of the game farm at Walla Walla. This A JUNIOR AUDUBON CLUB IN THE MAKING. Mrs. Granville R. Pike organizing a Junior Class in a school-room at Tacoma, Washington. will eventually mean a sanctuary for all land- and water-birds that can be attracted to the region. Another significant departure is a movement to bring about a better under- standing of conditions and needs of wild life by some innovations on the annual program of State Game Wardens and Commissions and by the attendance, on this occasion, of fraternal delegations from women’s clubs. In spite of all this self-gratulation, we are far from satisfied with our pro- gress. Among other things, we badly need an organ for regular, systematic publicity and educational propaganda concerning birds and their welfare. Aside from an Arbor and Bird Day Bulletin for the public schools and a pamph- let on bird-study just issued by the Normal School at Cheney, nothing has been published recently except occasionally some local material. 432 Bird- Lore Another lack is that of an educational assistant to our Game Commission, one who could coérdinate and direct all the sympathetic, friendly bird forces in the state. We propose that the coming year shall see no slackening in the task of enlisting and instructing the children and youth of our state in the knowledge and care of birds. We will also endeavor to acquaint adults with the recrea- tional joy and profit of bird-study. We will continue ‘to proclaim the inestim- able value of birds to garden, farm and forest. All this we will do in order that the conservation of our feathered helpers may become more complete, and that, in these 'troublous times, all our homes may come under that saving, kindly, humanizing influence which is the sure reward of unselfish service to gentle life. REPORT OF DR. WITMER STONE, SPECIAL FIELD AGENT FOR SOUTH CAROLINA Last May I had the pleasure of engaging in interesting work in South Carolina, where, in the interests of bird conservation, I was operating under the auspices of the National Association of Audubon Societies. Some of the special points visited were Charleston, Columbia, and Rock Hill; all centers of interest in bird and Audubon work. Through the cordial codperation of Paul Rae, an illustrated lecture was given to a large audience in the Charleston Museum before the Charleston Natural History Society. In Columbia I gave illustrated lectures before the Bird Club and the Science Club of the State University. Arrangements for these were made by Miss Belle Williams, who, for the past fifteen years, has been a faithful worker in South Carolina in the cause of bird-protection. The authorities of the Uni- versity also invited me to address the entire student body in the chapel. On this and other occasions, where I had the pleasure of bringing the subject of bird-study and bird-protection before the people, it was gratifying to find how many people are becoming thorough, reliable, local ornithologists. While visiting in Manning I found a desire on the part of many people to hear a lecture on birds. I therefore arranged for a public meeting in a moving- picture theater which was generously offered by the managment for the purpose. This is in the center of an important agricultural and truck-growing region. The large audience that gathered was composed of both adults and school children. The Manning Times, the leading paper of Clarendon County, kindly offered to publish a series of articles on the local birds and their economic value. I have prepared a number of these, and they were published from time to time, carrying the message of bird-protection to a large part of the rural population of the central part of the state. Reports of Field Agents 433 REPORT OF CHARLES CRAWFORD GORST, CHAUTAUQUA AND LYCEUM LECTURER It is now commonly recognized that as an inspirational force and moulder of public opinion the Chautauqua platform has few equals. But the enthusiasm generated by it, like that of its kinsman the evangelistic campaign, should be more and more directed toward and conserved in visible community works. Each summer, on the Chautauqua platform, I have tried harder to conserve the interest aroused by my lecture-entertainment on birds by attempting to organize bird clubs. Four years ago, during a three-months Chautauqua circuit with the Redpath-Horner Chautauquas in Texas, Kansas, and Okla- homa, the audiences, with increasing frequency, suggested that their interest in birds should be saved and developed by bird clubs. The following summer, the management established bird-study as an activity of its junior or children’s Chautauquas on its three circuits. It was my privilege to tour one of these circuits and codperate with the junior Chautauqua supervisors in interesting children in birds and organizing Junior Audubon Societies. This campaign meant that during three months the children of about 225 towns of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, and Nebraska were interested, for at least a week, in birds; and in at least 70 per cent of those towns we organized Junior Audubon Societies. Late last spring I decided that during eleven weeks of Chautauqua appear- ances for the Coit-Alber Chautauqua Company, I would attempt the organi- zation of bird clubs for adults. This decision was made too late to do desirable preliminary work in each community by correspondence. But each day, for two or three days before the bird-program, the platform manager announced that after the program a meeting would be held to organize a bird club. During an hour’s program, my purpose was to interest the audience in both the beauty and the usefulness of birds. To do this, I opened with a whistling solo and a novelty number, then imitated the songs of birds during forty-five minutes, accompanying the bird-music with observations on the beauty and meaning of bird-songs and with paintings of the birds about four times life size. During the last fifteen minutes I attempted by word pictures to impress the audience with the astonishing usefulness of birds, and concluded the program with an exhortation to observe and learn to love the wonder and beauty of nature. Usually, the after-meeting was well attended. I first described the useful and interesting things that the community should do to encourage the birds. I also emphasized the personal refinement and social pleasure that a bird club would bring. Then, if a good majority of those present voted to organize, nominations were in order by any above fourteen years of age for a board of club directors. I urged that the club affiliate with the National Association of Audubon Societies and rely on it for help. It was pleasing to see how quickly CHARLES CRAWFORD GORST. Chautauqua and Lyceum Lecturer. (434) Reports of Field Agents 435 the nominations were made and how those most interested in birds were chosen. To the chairman of the Directors I gave Audubon Society literature and urged him to write immediately for more and for suggestions concerning special local needs. The Directors (who I advised should be composed about equally of men and women) then appointed a date, time, and place for a Directors’ Meeting about a week ahead, giving the Chairman time to write or inquire concerning available bird-lecturers, literature, etc. I advised that the Directors elect their officers at that meeting, from their own number, and plan for a public meeting which would consist of an address or other program on birds, followed by an explanation of the bird club’s origin and purpose and by an exhortation to the public to join. I urged each Board of Directors to establish some bird-work among the children of the town, and especially to keep them interested in birds during the summer vacation when the schools’ activities cease. These meetings were usually followed by many questions about desirable bird literature and about the common and interesting things of bird-life. I was much interested to see how often both men and women who had paid little attention to birds declared themselves back to childhood, the time when nearly all of us are somewhat interested in them; and how some people who respond little to the presentation of the economic value of birds, will become enthusi- astic when the poetry and sentiment connected with birds is emphasized. During June and July the lecture-entertainment was given in forty-six cir- cuit towns of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and New York. Five of these already had bird clubs; four failed to organize; in thirty-seven it was voted to organize and committees of directors were elected. During August I filled independent Chautauqua engagements. This necessitated so much more rail- road travel and so much less time in each town that I did not attempt to organize clubs. Two towns, however, early in August, voted for clubs and elected directors. During two months of lyceum engagements this fall I shall continue the organization of clubs in codperation with the National Associa- tion wherever possible. Bird clubs were formed, at the conclusion of my lectures, at Niles, East Liverpool, Lima, Martin’s Ferry, New Philadelphia, Coshocton, Chillicothe, Crestline, Washington, Middletown, Versailles, Sidney, East Cleveland, Akron, Ravenna, Tiffin, and Dormont—all Ohio towns. Also at Coraopolis, New Brighton, Coudersport, Ridgway, Du Bois, Vandergrift, Blairsville, Varnes- boro, Ligonier, Irwin, Washington, Somerset, and McDonald, in Pennsylvania; at Wyandotte, Pontiac, Bay City, Owosso, Jackson, and Adrian, Michigan; at Elkhart, Indiana; and at Hornell, New York. ” 436 Bird - Lore REPORTS OF AFFILIATED STATE SOCIETIES AND OF BIRD CLUBS REPORTS OF STATE SOCIETIES Arizona Audubon Society.—Our Society did less educational work the past year than usual. One public illustrated lecture was given on ‘Birds and Their Habits,’ by Dr. C. T. Vorhees, Professor of Zodlogy at the University ot Arizona. Along constructive work we did more this year than ever was done since the organization of the Society. Our efficient President, Thomas K. Marshall, made it possible financially to incorporate the Arizona Audubon Society. The heat of summer retarded this work somewhat, but with cooler weather this will soon be accomplished. Mrs. Marshall, who is an artist, kindly drew designs and presented them to the Audubon Society members, from which they chose for our ‘State Seal’ the Cactus Wren. The Arizona Audubon Society is affiliated with the National Association of Audubon Societies, and we have received their ‘war’ posters, but as we have to deal with the Mexican foreign element, we have not been able to use many of them.—HarRiEt B. THORNBER, Secretary. California Audubon Society.—This being legislative year in California, we were again called upon to defend certain non-game-birds. For the sixth consecutive session, the Meadowlark was attacked, all Blackbirds and the Red-shafted Flicker being also included. The complaint against the Flicker was that it made holes in buildings, thus destroying them. In the rice-growing sections of the north, where there are miles of water and tule-bordered sloughs, vast numbers of Blackbirds congre- gate and do harm in the neighborhood. Because of this there was a sentiment against them in particular and all birds in general, and we were obliged to keep representatives at the Legislature six weeks. John V. Frederick, our Treasurer, and Mrs. Adele Lewis Grant, lecturer and bird student, did valiant work, and, although there were several hundred game bills put in, many of which were adverse, all were killed in committee except that against the Black- birds, which were taken from the protected list in the three northern fish and game districts. However, because of their abundance, and the friendly attitude of most people, we do not feel that there is any danger of their being exter- minated. A leaflet setting forth the value of Meadowlarks, Flickers, Blackbirds and Robins was sent to all legislators, leading newspapers, and club women—the latter organizations giving splendid help. We are now helping distribute a new war bulletin, ‘Birds and Food Conservation,’ which is being sent out by the Bird Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 437 Chairman of the General Federation. These leaflets will be sent to anyone wishing them. Two new adult Audubon Societies have been formed, one being in San Francisco, the other in San Diego. A good many Junior Societies have been formed, one of the largest having over 700 members (Pomona). In Santa Barbara, where Miss Gretchen Libby is in charge of nature-study, the large Junior Audubon Society has had a lake and surrounding acreage set aside as a bird sanctuary and are feeding and protecting the birds. Though many cases of bird-killing have recently been reported, I believe that we have no reason to feel that our work is not bearing fruit. On the whole, the bird educational work in this state is progressing —(Mrs.) Harriet WitiiamMs Myers, Secretary. Colorado Audubon Society.—Our Society sustained a great loss early in January, 1917, in the death of its Secretary-Treasurer, Miss Leona Robbins. Miss Robbins’ whole heart was in the Audubon work, and she gave freely and willingly much of her time to it, often speaking to the children at the schools and elsewhere, beside feeding and caring for the birds about her home at Ivywild, a suburb of Colorado Springs. At the annual meeting of the Society, held shortly after her death, her place on the Board of Trustees was left vacant, and the President was authorized to appoint her successor, which, however, has not yet been done. For various reasons, the Society has not been quite as active in its work as in past years, but something has been done, however. Dr. W. W. Arnold has given bird-talks in some of the schools of Colorado Springs and the neighboring region. The Doctor illustrates his talks with living birds from his Bird Hospital, to which children and others bring many an injured bird which is cared for and set free when cured, if able to care for itself. The Cheyenne Bird Club, organized a year ago in Ivywild under the leadership of Lloyd Shaw, has awakened much interest in bird-life. Reports are lacking from other parts of the state, though I understand work has been done in Denver and Pueblo. The Society is in good condition financially, and has held its membership well, though not greatly increased, but that is hardly to be expected in these times when there are so many calls upon the people because of the war.— EDWARD R. WARREN, President. Connecticut Audubon Society.—The work of the Connecticut Society has, in the main, followed the usual educational lines. The material handled for us by the State Board of Education has been circulated as follows: Travel- ing libraries to 52 schools (3 months each); lectures, 32 different towns; charts, 191 schools; portfolios of postcards and 23 portfolios of ‘Birds of New York’ in circulation. 438 Bird - Lore We are about to send out a new lecture entitled ‘The Museum Man in the Country,’ text by Mrs. Wright, illustrated by 75 slides made and colored by Wilbur F. Smith. The work of the Junior Audubon Societies in connection with the National Association has been carried on as heretofore by Miss Hurd, our School Secretary, who has visited 35 cities and villages in the state, giving some 200 talks, and showing specimens of mounted birds to 25,000 children. As a direct result, 523 Junior Audubon Societies were formed, with a membership of 10,523. Our Society presented a cat license bill to the Legislature last winter and sent a strong delegation to the hearing in committee. Two other bills of like nature were introduced by other bodies, but they were all killed. However, the whole matter was treated seriously, and we have great hopes that this work was- SUPERINTENDENT NOVAK OF THE BIRDCRAFT SANCTUARY TAMING A CHICKADEE Photograph by Wilbur F. Smith an opening wedge, and we shall work without ceasing until the bill is presented two years hence. Milton S. Lacey, one of our Executive Board, framed a bill of great import- ance for the protection of shore-birds that was successfully put through the Legislature, entitled ‘An Act Concerning the Snipe, Plover, and other Shore- birds,’ by which there is a closed season for Golden and Black-bellied Plover, Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 439 ROBIN AT BATH, BIRDCRAFT SANCTUARY, FAIRFIELD, CONN. Photograph by Wilbur F. Smith. Greater and Lesser Yellow-legs, and Wilson’s Snipe, from December 31 to August 31, inclusive, while but ten of any or all of these species may be taken in one day. Semipalmated and Piping Plovers, Spotted, Least and Semi- palmated Sandpipers may not be taken at all. All other shore-birds may not be taken until September 1, 1922, unless a change in the Federal Law shall require a modification. At our Annual Meeting held in October, 1916, H. H. Cleaves gave a lecture on ‘Bird-Study and Bird-Attraction.’ On May 26, under the auspices of the National Association and the Connecticut Society, a Conference of the Bird and Nature Clubs of Connecticut was held at Fairfield. The Clubs assembled at Birdcraft Sanctuary in the morning, and a reception was held at ‘Oakhaven,’ the home of Mrs. Wright. A visit to the Sanctuary and Museum followed; also a meeting to organize a permanent Federation of Nature Clubs. After a basket luncheon, during which coffee was served both at ‘Birdcraft’ and in Mrs. Wright’s garden, the Clubs adjourned to Sherman Hall in the village, where an open meeting was held and addresses were made by T. Gilbert Pearson; Winthrop Packard, Secretary of the Massachusetts Audubon Society; Mr. Ripley of the Hartford Bird Study Club; Rev. Coe and others. This Conference was of incalculable value, both to the cause of bird-protection and as a stimulus to bird-study, bringing together, as it did, people of widely different views from all parts of the state. 440 Bird- Lore A new venture was sending, the past week, an educational exhibit to the Danbury Fair, one of the chief expositions held annually in the state. We were allotted a table in the tent of the Fairfield County Farm Bureau, where special attention was paid to food conservation, and a presentation of the economic value of bird-life was particularly appropriate. A little panorama of bird-life in natural settings showed the shore-birds that may and may not be shot, the upland game-birds, useful Hawks and Owls, predaceous Hawks, and a group of song and insect-eating birds that are most frequently shot by foreign- born poachers. Each group was clearly labeled. There was also an exhibit of bird-houses that have been used in the Sanctuary, together with birds of the species that occupied them, and specimens of the berries to be found in the Sanctuary, fastened to large cards, and plainly named. Beside this table, Miss Hurd had an exhibit of the leaflets of the National Association, which she dis- tributed, samples of the lantern-slides which she used in our free lectures, copies of Brrp-LoreE, and 3,000 circulars describing the work of the Connecticut Audubon Society, the National Association, and the work of the Junior Audu- bon Societies and the manner of forming these groups. This idea proved very successful, a constant stream of visitors being about the exhibit, which intro- duced the work to many thousands of people otherwise unreachable —HELEN W. GLoveER, Secretary. District of Columbia Audubon Society.—At our annual meeting held on January 19, we had the pleasure of listening to a delightful, illustrated lecture by Dr. Arthur A. Allen, his subject being ‘Studies of Common Birds.’ On March 28, a most enthusiastic audience greeted Ernest Harold Baynes, when he told us some of his own charming experiences in attracting the wild birds and made us all feel that we wanted to do the same thing. Mrs. Florence Merriam Bailey led five most interesting and well-attended Bird-Study Classes. These were followed by our usual ‘outings,’ six in number this year, and with a larger attendance and greater variety of birds being observed than ever before. For a number of years we have had what we call our Honor Roll, composed of those who go on all the walks. It was Prof. Wells W. Cooke’s kindly custom to invite the members of the Honor Roll on an extra trip, ending at the ‘Wick-i-up,’ his cabin at Viresco, a few miles out of Washington. For the past two years his sister and daughter have continued this generous hospitality, and the accompanying photograph shows some of us who were fortunate enough to be there this spring. May 18 was the twentieth anniversary of the founding of our Society, it being the eighth to be formed in the United States. This year we celebrated our birthday by giving a reception to the founder of our Society, John Dew- hurst Patten, at the residence of the Secretary, which everyone seemed to enjoy, and where we had the privilege and pleasure of hearing Miss Grace D. Litch- field read her own lovely poem, ‘The Hermit Thrush.’ Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 441 Considering the changeable character of the population of Washington, we think it rather remarkable that sixteen of our original members still hold office, either as Honorary Vice-Presidents or members of the Executive Committee. —HELEN P. Cuitps, Secretary. East Tennessee Audubon Society.—Our Society is progressing slowly, but surely. We know this because of the steadily increasing number of birds; and of the many adults, as well as children, who are interested and eager for information on the subject. ‘HONOR ROLL’ MEMBERS OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA AUDUBON SOCIETY HAVING AN OUTING AT THE COOKE ‘WICK-I-UP.’ Wehad one very interesting and instructive lecture by Dr. G. Clyde Fisher, Associate Curator of the American Museum of Natural History, who, during the Summer School at the State University, was lecturing for the National Association of Audubon Societies. Like Oliver Twist, we wanted more. Hon. W. D. Howser, our State Warden, always responds to any appeal for help we make to him. He lectured for us at the Farmers’ Convention in May. Always a busy man, he found time to spend one day at the East Tennessee Division Fair, where he held the crowd entranced by his display of knowledge of the 442 Bird- Lore habits of some sixty-odd mounted specimens of our common birds, which had been loaned by Dr. Fisher. Thanks to these two gentlemen and the energy and executive ability of two ladies, our exhibit at the fair was a complete success. We put out the Association’s ‘war’ posters in large numbers, instructed Boy Scouts, ran down offenders of the bird-law, visited schools, and talked ‘birds’ on all occasions —MacGNoLta Woopwarb, Corresponding Secretary. Florida Audubon Society.—The sixteenth annual meeting of the Florida. Audubon Society, held at Winter Park on March 15, brought together a large number of men and women who, in various ways, have indicated their deep and continued interest in the preservation of the feathered wild-life of Florida, where ruthless ignorance has caused more pitiful destruction, I am inclined to say, than has occurred in any other state of the Union. The opening address of the President, Dr. W. F. Blackman, and the several reports of other officers and the secretaries of affiliated organizations, especially those of the local societies at St. Petersburg and Cocoanut Grove, were very encouraging, both as to work accomplished and prospective effort. During six months, closing May 1, the Florida Society kept on the job as Field Agent, Miss Isabel Goodhue, who visited 67 cities, towns and villages in the state, addressing during her itinerary 70 schools and colleges, 50 women’s clubs or other adult audiences, and creating an interest that has resulted in a consider- able increase in our active membership. During the year new Junior Classes were formed in the schools, increasing the number of these classes to 216, with a total membership of over 4,000, an increase of 67 classes and 1,200 membezs. We much regret that the Society is unable to retain the services of Miss Goodhue during the present year, so that this splendid work in the schools and the increasing interest of those just beginning to be persuaded to consider the value of the wild birds and to comprehend the need of their better protection might not be permitted to die out. Aside from the distribution of leaflets to the Junior Classes, furnished by the National Association, we circulated 5,000 Florida bird-law leaflets, warning cards, and other printed literature intended to bring the protective laws of the state to the notice of both adults and children. During the year, 95 new members were added to our list, the greatest num- ber in a like period since the organization of the Society. Following the business session of the annual meeting, Dr. H. R. Mills gave a talk on our passing plumage birds and their nesting habits, illustrating his remarks with photographic slides and touching vividly on some of the recent slaughter by inhuman hunters of plumes. Our efforts at the recent session of the Legislature for more effective pro- tective laws were not fruitful of the results hoped for. A carefully prepared bill, considerably curtailing the open seasons for hunting feathered game and pro- viding for a state warden system, was presented and urged. Dr. Blackman spent Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 443 W. SCOTT WAY, SECRETARY OF THE FLORIDA AUDUBON SOCIETY. several weeks at Tallahassee; Dr. Mills helped personally and by correspond- ence, and several members of the Legislature worked faithfully for the bill. It finally was passed in the last days of the session, but for some reason not clear to those interested in the saving of our passing wild life, the Governor vetoed it. Therefore, the enforcement of the bird and game laws remains with the several counties, with practically no funds provided for the payment of wardens. Our bird laws as they stand are comparatively good, but the machinery pro- vided for their enforcement is antiquated and inadequate. Though the war may, in a measure, divide the interest of some of our more faithful workers, we shall continue our efforts along former lines, increasing our output of printed matter, and making a special effort, through our affiliated organizations and interested members, for the establishment of bird-sanctuaries throughout the state, believing this to be, under present conditions, the most promising means of saving our wild bird life until the needed legislation can be obtained. Two such sanctuaries—one of several thousand acres near Fort Myers, known as the Julia Hanson Reservation, and the other embracing all lands within the limits of the town of Winter Park—already are established.— W. Scott Way, Secretary. 444 Bird- Lore Illinois Audubon Society.—The Annual Meeting of the Illinois Audubon Society, held in Fullerton Hall, Chicago, May, 1917, marked the close of the twentieth year of continuous activity on the part of this organization. The work of the past year has been unusually satisfactory, and we are glad to report a notable increase in membership. The routine educational work of the Society, which consists in distributing literature, loaning traveling libraries and sets of stereopticon slides, arranging lecture dates, etc., has progressed in much the same way as formerly. Our three sets of lantern-slides from photographic subjects, artistically colored, are particularly well liked and are in continuous demand by schools, churches, Boy Scouts and other clubs. An important new enterprise has been the publication of a ‘house organ,’ so to speak—the Audubon Bulletin. This began with the Spring Bulletin 1916, and has been followed by two other issues, one for the winter 1916-17, and the other for spring 1917. The object of this publication is not only to ‘create a wider interest in birds and their protection throughout the state, ‘but to give publicity to the activities of our Society. The directors feel that the Bulletin meets a long-felt need, and they have been much gratified at the favorable comment evoked by the makeup’ and contents of the magazine. Our most notable undertaking in 1917 was the launching of a spring lecture- course in Chicago, a cherished project which we had never before had the cour- age to attempt. To our surprise and pleasure this proved most successful, even from a financial standpoint. The lectures were given in Central Music Hall on Saturday mornings at 11 o’clock, March 3 and 24, and April 14. William L. Finley, of Oregon, gave the initial lecture, with his remarkable moving pic- ture of the West, its animals and birds. On the second date, Mr. Baynes, of Meriden, N. H., gave his charming lecture on ‘How to Attract the Birds,’ illustrated by fine stereopticon pictures. April 14, Norman McClintock, of Pittsburgh, again fascinated a Chicago audience with his wonderful moving pictures, of birds of the East and South. At each of these lectures the house was filled to capacity. The audiences were made up largely of adults, and one noteworthy fact was the presence of a goodly number of men, despite the morning hour, which had been considered a possible handicap for business people. One practical accomplishment has been the ending of the aigrette traffic in Chicago. There is no statute in Illinois specifically forbidding the sale of aigrettes. The State Game Law, however, contains a clause making it illegal to sell any bird or part of wild bird, which some of the Directors believed was in itself a prohibition of the aigrette trade. Our attorney brought the matter to the attention of the State Game and Fish Commission, who referred it to the Attorney General. He rendered an opinion, holding that the clause in question made the aigrette trade illegal. When this was brought to the atten- tion of the State Street stores, the managers promptly agreed to discontinue President of the Elinois Audubon Society. (445) 446 Bird - Lore the sale of aigrettes and to codperate with our representatives in suppressing the trade throughout the city —BrErRTHA TRAER PATTEE, Secretary. Indiana Audubon Society.—In view of the fact that no general report of Audubon work was made last year, the present report will include that. Last year the annual convention was held at Rushville, Ind., with a three-day program. The evening meetings were given over to lectures showing the close relationship of birds to the life of man, and stimulating more study and pro- tection of the birds. All the schools were visited, and short bird-talks given by the Audubon members. Two lectures were given before the high school, entitled ‘Our Summer Residents,’ and ‘Nature Study and Farm Life.’ A bird exhibit of mounted specimens and bird-boxes was held in the annex high school. Only birds that could be seen at that time were shown. Longfellow’s ‘Birds of Killingworth,’ was dramatized most effectively by second- and third-grade children. Following this was the field-trip to Flat Rock River by a large crowd of little folks and big folks. Saturday morning, children and grown-ups gathered at the annex high school yard to raise a Martin-house. This was the prize won by this school for the longest list of birds observed within a certain time. W. T. Wiison, whe made and gave the prize, was present at the raising. The 1917 convention was held at Michigan City in May. The children sang songs ‘at the evening meetings and had charge of the programs at the door. Bird-lovers of Michigan and Illinois were invited to attend this convention. Invitations were sent to the Indiana colleges, universities and high schools, inviting them to send a representative to the Michigan City convention. The Secretary-of the Illinois Audubon Society was present and told of its work for the birds. Prof. Eifrig, of Oak Park, gave a short talk on “The Birds of the Sand-dunes,’ This was given on one of the dunes near the lake, in front of the Prairie Club House. A Virginia Rail was seen leaving her nest, which she had placed under the step of the club-house. A member of the National Dune Park Association was present, wits briefly told of the dunes, urging our support toward purchasing them, and thus saving them for a state park. Mr. Redpath spoke of the great destruction of song- birds by hunters. Over too of the National Association’s ‘war’ posters have been placed ‘in parks, reservations and farms. Several hundred acres hear Muncie, Ind., have been given to the state as a reservation for wild life. The new State Park, ‘McCormick’s Creek Canyon,’ is also a bird reservation. An Environment» Exhibit at Fort Wayne, supervised by Margaret M. Hanna, was most successful. Hundreds of birds were used from the Charles Stockbridge Collection and arranged in trees, shrubs, vines and bushes. Twenty thousand people visited this exhibit during the six days’ centennial. The Society now owns two sets of bird slides: one set of 50 has recently been purchased to be used by teachers and others interested in giving bird lectures; Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 447 the other set is to be used by the Field Secretary only. Bird-talks have been given before schools, churches, county and farmers’ institutes, women’s clubs, etc. Ernest Harold Baynes, in his Chautauqua work in Indiana, has been organ- izing bird clubs. The Indiana Audubon Society has lost two good friends and helpers: One, Jane L. Hine, was a lover of birds, a helper in every bird organization, and a writer of bird-poems of unusual charm; the other, Dr. David Worth Dennis, who for so many years was the biologist of Earlham College. Dr. Dennis was a charter member of the Society. He was always present at its conventions and was president for three successive years. The memorial prepared by Alden H. Hadley will be published in the proceedings of the Academy of Science, of which Dr. Dennis was also a charter member.—E1izABETH H. DowNnuHour, Secretary. Kentucky Audubon Society.—During the past year the Kentucky Audubon Society has put out no legislative propaganda nor employed any public speakers. Its activities have been limited to indulging in its customary series of bird-walks during the spring migratory period and to fathering certain educational works in the public schools, including a number of prizes awarded to manual training classes for the construction and maintenance of bird-nest- ing and -feeding-houses. The membership has increased slightly the past year. —EUGENE Simpson, Assistant Secretary. Massachusetts Audubon Society.—The Society feels that one important work done by it since September, 1916, has been its help toward the passage of the Enabling Act which is needed to make the Migratory Bird Treaty with Great Britain and Canada vital. Its officers and many of its members worked ceaselessly to arouse public sentiment in favor of this act, and it brought all possible legitimate influence to bear on its Senators and Congressmen at Wash- ington. Realizing the value of the efforts to this same end being put forth by the National Association of Audubon Societies of New York, under the able leadership of its Secretary, T. Gilbert Pearson, it contributed $1,500 to the cam- paign, which has since proved so effective. During the year the Society added 417 sustaining members to its list and increased its life membership by 39, making its total of sustaining members listed since its organization 3,188, its life members being now 441. For many years, through the courtesy of the National Association, the Junior Classes in bird-study have been conducted in this state by the Massachusetts Society. This work, during the past year, has been taken over by the National Associa- tion but has been conducted by the same staff, from its headquarters at the same address, and with the same excellent results. In relinquishing the work the Massachusetts Society wishes to express its appreciation of the courtesy extended by the National Association in this, as in so many other ways, and its 448 Bird - Lore hearty good will toward the Junior Class work which it believes to be one of very great importance in the educational field. During March the annual course of lectures by the most distinguished authorities on bird-life was held in Tremont Temple, with an attendance at each lecture of about 1,500. The speakers were Clinton G. Abbott, of New York; Dr. Arthur A. Allen, of Cornell University; T. Gilbert Pearson, Secre- tary of the National Association of Audubon Societies; William L. Finley, of Oregon; and Charles C. Gorst, of Cambridge, Mass. At the Society’s Annual Mass Meeting in Tremont Temple, Ernest Harold Baynes and Mr. Gorst addressed an audience of some 2,500. The Secretary has lectured as usual during the year throughout the state, doing his best to interest clubs, schools, granges and other societies in the cause. Unable to attend fully to the increasing demands, he has been ably assisted in this work by Miss Ruth E. Rouillard, of the office staff; Mrs. F. B. Goode, Local Secretary for Sharon; Rev. Henry Sartorio, of Boston, who appeared before various Italian societies of Greater Boston, speaking in Italian; and Charles B. Floyd, President of the Brookline Bird Club. Through traveling lectures, traveling libraries, bird-charts, bird-calendars, » bird-houses and supplies of all kinds, advice and assistance at the office, corres- pondence and personal inspection, in a hundred other ways too numerous to mention, the Society has, during the past year, labored faithfully, and, it feels, with a modest measure of success for the better protection of birds—WINTHROP PACKARD, Secretary. Michigan Audubon Society.—Our Society records about too lectures given by its officers to more than 15,000 individuals, chiefly school-children; the placing of 200 Audubon charts in schools, with helps for the teachers; a splendid exhibit (see the photograph) at Mid-winter Rally and the Oceana County Fair; the usual amount of literature distributed and letters written; and much em for the cause sais ca the newspapers and the Michigan Sportsman. At the annual netane in February at Battle Creek, instructive addresses were given by representatives of the State Game Warden Department and the Public Domain Commission, and the local Audubon school clubs reported an outside feeding-station maintained by each school in the city. In the evening ‘The Spirit of Audubon’ film was presented to a large and delighted audience. Through the efforts of the local Society, a cat license ordinance was passed in Grand Rapids, requiring a tax of 50 cents on male and $1.00 on female cats in that city. At the last state legislative session, a law, which we helped agitate for, was passed giving the right to owners of property and officers to kill all cats destroying game, birds, or poultry. Thus is the anti-cat sentiment grow- ing. Around the state, Audubon Societies at Greenville, Ann Arbor, Portland, MRS. EDITH C. MUNGER. President of the Michigan State Audubon Society. (449) 450 Bird- Lore Three Rivers, Ypsilanti and Holland report bird-walks, exhibits, bird-house building contests, Audubon Day programs and other activities. The Bird Con- servation Week at Holland was the most educational of all, since a splendid exhibit of mounted birds (grouped according to their uses), pictures, books | VIEW OF PORTION OF EXHIBIT AT MID-WINTER BIRD RALLY HELD IN THE HOME TOWN OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE MICHIGAN AUDUBON SOCIETY. DISPLAY ARRANGED BY THE SCHOOL CHILDREN. magazines, charts, houses, cat-guards, and feeding and bathing devices, in a downtown store building, was open the entire week, with efficient guides in charge. E. H. Sargent and Mrs. Edith C. Munger visited every school, giving talks on bird-protection and stereopticon lectures in the evenings. Since Michigan was the first state to form a Wild Life Conservation Depart- ment in its Women’s Committee, Council of National Defense organization, and our President was made its Chairman, much publicity is afforded the Audubon work through this channel. What the next year may demand of us we know not, but we do know that our part in helping to add to the food-supply of the world will be through con- serving bird-life as we have never done before.—(Miss) GERTRUDE READING, Secretary. Nebraska Audubon Society.—The Society has had a most satisfactory year, with several achievements to our credit. We were successful in getting Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs ASI some legislation passed. Our bill, introduced and warmly sponsored by State Senator A. J. Sawyer, of Lincoln, providing for a closed season on Doves, successfully passed and became a law. However, a provision for the setting apart of certain designated areas, both wooded lands and some lake regions in the sand-hill country, failed of passage. Our members have been most keenly interested in the efforts of the National Association to preserve the Migratory Bird Law and the Treaty with Great Britain. Numerous telegrams and letters were sent to Washington to-our Senators and Representatives: and to committees in behalf of these measures. The 200 suet-holders which were purchased early last fall by the Society and placed in the parks and along the boulevards, were certainly a delight to our winter visitants and sojourners. The suet was provided by the Society, and the Committee, aided by the Boy Scouts, kept the holders replenished. The Society purchased, through the National Geographic Society, a set of fifty slides of Nebraska birds, painted by Louis Agassiz Fuertes. These beauti- ON THE SHORE, CHILD’S POINT BIRD SANCTUARY, OMAHA, NEBRASKA. ful slides have been of tremendous value to our work. Requests for the use of them have come to us from all over the state, and they have made a dozen journeys to different towns in Nebraska and Iowa. The slides have been shown a score of times in Omaha at churches, settlement and civic centers, with lectures by our President, Dr. Towne, and others. Enos Mills’ lecture on MISS JOY MONTGOMERY HIGGINS. Secretary of the Nebraska Audubon Society. (452) Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 453 the evening of February 24 was as delightful as it was instructive. Mr. Mills has many friends in Omaha, and he spoke to a capacity audience, numbering not a few Juniors in response to whose request he told in closing his ever-charm- ing story of ‘Little Blue.’ It was at this lecture that the Fuertes slides were first presented. Regular monthly meetings have been held throughout the year, always with an interested attendance. Lectures by members of the State University faculty and local ornithologists have been features of our meetings. One hundred ‘war’ posters, from the National Association of Audubon Societies, printed on linen, are now being posted in the outlying woods and in att Sys. eve Shp Ses a i ONE OF THE WOODED SLOPES IN CHILD’S POINT BIRD SANCTUARY AT OMAHA. Childs’ Point, the beautiful 500-acre bird sanctuary which was preserved to posterity through the generosity of Dr. Harold Gifford. Dr. Gifford has had posted in the sanctuary other warnings and educational signs. The Society has offered a reward for testimony leading to the arrest and conviction of any one breaking the bird laws. For the purpose and with the hope of acquiring and holding property, the Society was last July incorporated under the laws of the State of Nebraska. Every year the interest in bird-life becomes more widespread. The exten- sion work of the: Department of Agriculture of the State University, the work in the public schools, the far-reaching work of the National Association, and other influences all do their big bit, but too much thanks cannot be given the 454 Bird - Lore press, especially the newspapers of Omaha, in spreading the propaganda. For over two years and a half, the Omaha World Herald, aside from feature stories on the subject, has carried an editorial every Sunday, touching in the most interesting and intimate way some phase of bird-life. These editorials are from the gifted pen of Miles Greenleaf. Mr. Greenleaf is the most earnest and con- servative bird-student, concerned in, and never failing to present, the economic value of our birds, but he presents his subject in.a manner to attract the attention and bring the message home. He gives one the flash of color, the note of melody, and the fresh atmosphere of God’s good out-of-doors. The following editorial of his, printed in the early summer, called forth scores of inquiries from potato-growers about their unknown friend, the Rose-breasted Grosbeak. “THE DISAPPOINTED GROSBEAK “He came one morning, with the glorious rose of his breast fairly sparkling in the sunshine and the black and white of his fashionable raiment setting off this adornment as a priceless ruby, perfectly mounted. “Tt was a modest city garden that he chose for his hunting grounds this day, and there were potatoes in it, which he noted with approval, being of a Hooversque turn of mind and in favor of conservation. The potatoes themselves did not interest him gastronom- ically, but he doubtless reasoned that office gardeners in palm-beaches were not likely to seriously impair their health in modern methods of cultivation, and that his old friend, the potato bug, would be there in force. “After surveying the promising prospect in something the manner that we inspect a comprehensive menu, this Rose-breasted Grosbeak swooped daintily down and began his foray. Diligently he prowled that potato patch—diligently and painstakingly and with unswerving attention to business. Up one row and down another he hopped and’ flew, and finally swooped to a fence-post and swore. If ever so beautiful a bird creature swore, this one did—and vehemently. “« “Well, may I be blistered if this don’t beat all—get out!’ he fumed, partly to himself. ‘Not a single, bloody, yellow-backed striped son of a sea cook in sight? What do you known about that?’ “He had something to blaspheme about, too, for potato bugs are strangely scarce game in these parts this year, and potato bugs are the Grosbeak’s favorite dish. Many a crop of spuds have been saved from these pests by this splendid bird, a fact which should interest Nebraskans, now that this has blossomed out as a potato state. “But this particular Grosbeak ripped around awhile and then decided that if he couldn’t have potato bugs he would try some other delicacy in season, and all day long he worked in that garden; he only knows how many thousand insects he removed from ‘ this citizen’s ripening crop, if he kept count, which is doubtful. And in the evening he offered thanks with deep-throated melodious warble which completely defies all human instruments, and flew away, his gun over his shoulder, so to speak. “Anyone who hasn’t the proper appreciation of birds’ service to mankind would do well to spend a few hours in a garden at this season. He should count the number of bugs and worms and things that these feathered foragers consume in a brief space of time, and then wish he had that many dollars so he could retire and have a private car and a winter home in southern California and live happily ever after.” —(Miss) Joy Monrcomery Hicerns, Secretary. Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 455 New Hampshire Audubon Society——The Audubon Society of New Hampshire reports a year of successful achievement. The membership has increased until it totals 885. Life memberships have increased from 37 to 56. The Junior Audubon work has been pushed with vigor. More than 6,000 school-children were organized into Bird Classes, a very large percentage of the state’s population. No work for bird conservation can be more promising for future results. The secretary has given 69 lectures and addresses, many of them illustrated, before all sorts of gatherings—schools, churches, granges, women’s clubs, summer hotels, teachers’ clubs, young people’s societies, private schools, etc. A strong effort was made to get through the Legislature ‘A Bill for the Better Protection of Birds by the Licensing of Cats.’ The House Com- So mittee, originally hostile, was con- : : verted and favorably reported the bill, but it was killed in the House, principally through the hostility of the farmers, the very ones who would have most profited by its passage. A fine beginning was made, however, paving the way to ultimate victory. From all over the state come to us inquiries of all sorts. People are learning to turn to us for help and information. A bulletin ‘Feed the Birds in Win- ter,’ has been issued, and a large number of copies of this and other literature distributed. It is planned to issue at least one new bulletin every year. Satisfactory reports have been re- ceived of a considerable increase in the numbers of the song-birds all over the state. This holds true also of game-birds. The Federal Migratory Bird Law is bearing its expected fruit. The Prairie Horned Lark | is now a permanent resident. House Wrens, which have grown scarce of MANLEY B. TOWNSEND, PRESIDENT ; OF THE NEW HAMPSHIRE AUDUBON recent years, are coming back. Mock- socrery, visITED BY SEVEN LIVE ingbirds are working this way and FLICKERS. 456 Bird - Lore are occasionally reported. Evening Grosbeaks are regular winter visitors all over the state. There is good circumstantial evidence that they may breed within our borders. Large numbers of Black Ducks have bred within the state. Robins and Warblers are particularly ‘abundant. Tennessee, Bay-breasted and Cape May Warblers, once rare, are now common in migration.—MANLEY B. TOWNSEND, Secretary. New Jersey Audubon Society.—During its seventh year, the New Jersey Audubon Society established an office and its headquarters at 164 Market Street, Newark, and secured the aid of an assistant. The total receipts for the year amounted to $5,612.46 and the total ex- penditures to $4,193.93, leaving a balance on hand at the close of the fiscal year of $1,418.53. Abnormal conditions, due to the world war, were seriously felt in the cam- paign for increased membership, so that the net gain in this respect was only 16 sustaining members, 57 members, and 13 associate members, but several substantial contributions were received—one of $1,000, one of $300, and one of $100. In legislative effort, attempts to secure a cat license law and a law affording permanent protection to the Bobolink were of no avail. The annual bounty bill, a measure proyiding bounties on Hawks and Crows, introduced by the enemies of bird-life were once more defeated. The Society took its usual part in Federal legislative effort. - Publicity work continues to increase as a field of activity, with steadily developing codperation on the part of the press of the state. The Newark Evening News greeted the advent of the Society in Newark with a well-written and finely illustrated article, and on September 22 published a similar one, calling attention to the Society’s work. Several other important news articles have been published, in addition to the regular news articles that go to the general press of the state. The Society organ, the New Jersey Audubon Bulletin, has been published regularly throughout the year at two-month intervals, each issue containing a halftone illustration. Ten lectures have been given by the Secretary during the year in various parts of the state, with several minor talks. Two of the members of the Society have established bird sanctuaries on their estates. The Society devoted an even greater amount of time and attention than heretofore to Junior Audubon Class work in the schools, in coéperation with that field of activity of the National Association. A total of 579 Junior Au- dubon Classes, with a membership of 14,382, were organized in New Jersey. The seventh annual meeting was held at the Free Public Library, Tuesday, Oct. 2; business session at 4 Pp. M., followed immediately by the meeting of Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 457 the Board of Trustees; public session at 8 p. M. Col. A. R. Kuser gave up the presidency on account of ill health. Officers elected were: President, Clarence B. Riker; Vice-President, W. DeW. Miller; Secretary-Treasurer, Beecher S. Bowdish; Board of Trustees—Clarence B. Riker, W. DeW. Miller, Beecher S. Bowdish, Anthony R. Kuser, George Batten, Henry van Dyke, Frank M. Chap- B. S. BOWDISH, Secretary of the New Jersey Audubon Society. He is one of the Audubon Societies’ most active field men. man, Edwin S. Lines, John K. Gore, Alexander H. Phillips, Philip B. Philipp, John T. Nichols, Mrs. Walter D. Ferres, John Dryden Kuser, Ira Barrows, Samuel N. Rhoads, Miss Mary Pierson Allen. At the evening session, Mr. Henry Oldys, as accredited representative of the Hoover Food Administration, gave a free illustrated lecture on ‘Birds and Food Shortage’ to a good and appreciative audience-—BEECHER S. BowpisH, Secretary. 458 Bird - Lore Audubon Society of North Carolina.—The past year has been full of activity for the Audubon Society of North Carolina. Although we have state jurisdiction in the matter of enforcing the game laws in only about one-third of the state, we find a large field in which to carry on our work. Our wardens have done good work; they secured the conviction of 161 violators of the game laws during the past year. We believe our game laws are being better observed each year. One of the most important branches of our work during the past year has been the organization of Junior Audubon Societies in the schools and among the Boy Scouts of the state. There were 132 of these societies organized last year, with a total membership of 2,925. A number of these schools held special Bird Day exercises, thereby interesting the entire community in the importance of the preservation of bird-life. We are always glad to codperate with the National Association in this work. The Secretary has been active in giving lectures on bird-life all over the state. During the last year 134 such lectures were given, most of them being illustrated with charts, pictures, or stereopticon views. Not less than 10,000 people heard these lectures, and we believe many of them are now ready to give us their hearty codperation. A SAMPLE OF BIRD-BOXES MADE FROM CYPRESS KNEES. THIS EFFORT IS FOSTERED BY THE NORTH CAROLINA AUDUBON SOCIETY. Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 459 In all our talks we emphasize the urgent need of uniform game laws for our state and condemn the method of allowing each county to have its own laws. Every two years, when our Legislature meets, we work to secure the passage of uniform game laws and for the establishment of a Fish and Game Commission for our state. At the recent meeting of our Legislature we came near getting such a Commission established. So far, however, we have not succeeded, but we are determined to make another desperate effort in 1919.—G. A. MARTIN, Secretary. Ohio Audubon Society.—The Society has just closed a very prosperous year. Both in point of membership, as well as financially, we can report great progress. The present year is the twentieth year of existence as a state organiza- tion. A vast amount of good has been accomplished during these twenty years. We feel, however, that much remains to be done, and to this work we dedicate ourselves more earnestly than ever before. Our monthly meetings are always times of: great enjoyment for our members. Many interesting lectures on practical topics are delivered on these occasions. So-called ‘Experience Meetings’ are held from time to time. The May meeting is our ‘Outdoor Meeting,’ at which all bird-lovers are welcome. Besides this, we have weekly ‘hikes’ on which bird-life at all seasons of the year is studied at first-hand. The interest in bird-life throughout this entire region is very keen. This is evidenced on every hand. Bird-shelters, feeding-devices, baths, nesting-boxes, etc., may be seen everywhere, in yards and along streets, throughout the city. Our City Park Department has put up hundreds of nesting-boxes and feeding- devices in the various parks and boulevards in and about the city. Unfortunately, cats still run at large in Cincinnati and surrounding territory in vast numbers. Their depredations upon our bird-life are very great. We have been, and still are trying, to educate the public to come to a realization of the great harm done by the stray cat. We hope to induce our City Council to pass an ordinance requiring the licensing of all cats and the destruction of all unlicensed cats. The excellent publication, ‘The Domestic Cat,’ by E. H. Forbush, is being distributed by our Society to great advantage. The work of providing lecturers for gatherings at schools, churches, etc., is vigorously carried on, and a great many people are reached in this way each year. The many letters of inquiry, as well as complaints, that come to the President and Secretary of this Society are an indication of the public interest. All complaints are carefully investigated and offenders against the law are reported to the game-wardens. Our Society published a ‘Year Booklet’ which has proved a valuable aid in our work. This booklet contains, besides a variety of interesting articles on bird subjects, the lecture topics for the regular meetings of the ensuing year. All members, as well as many friends, are provided with copies. We have 460 Bird - Lore changed our meeting-place during the year. We now hold our gatherings in a beautiful room which the Ohio Mechanics’ Institute has put at our disposal for that purpose. With every encouragement and hope of greater success, we enter upon the work of the new year.—WI1L1am G. CRAMER, Secretary. Oregon Audubon Society.—Interest in bird-protection throughout the state has not only continued, but increased, during the past year. More teachers and children are taking part in Audubon work by building bird-houses and feeding birds in winter. The plan of the Society for holding weekly meet- ings during the past year has been a very successful one. Illustrated talks have been given by A. L. Campbell, William L. Finley, R. B. Horsfall and others. The idea of this course of talks through the year has been arranged largely for beginners in bird-study. The meetings have been under the direction of W. A. Eliot. THE NEW AUDUBON PATROL BOAT “‘GREBE II”? ON HER WAY TO KLAMATH LAKE, ORE- GON, FOR HER MAIDEN CRUISE. At the legislative sessions held during the past year, no bills were introduced that were detrimental to the protection of wild birds. On the other hand, a bill was presented setting aside a large area, including the greater part of Mult- nomah County and part of Clackamas County, as a wild-game refuge. This bill passed without opposition and is now in effect. It is an important addition to the other state and Federal wild-bird reservations previously established.— Dr. Emma J. WELTY, Secretary. : Reports of State Societies and Bird Clubs 461 Rhode Island Audubon Society——The Audubon Society of Rhode Island has made no unusual effort in its bird-work during 1917. The following records for the year, however, show a steady and consistent effort to keep the cause of the birds before the minds of the people of Rhode Island, even in the midst of the added labors which the war is placing upon everyone. The books of the circulating library of the Society have been used by 1,142 different individuals and have had a circulation of 6,003. In codperation with the National Association, 45 classes of Juniors, with a membership of 1,200, have been formed and renewed. The Society has placed in the schools of the state 37 Audubon Bird-Charts, 10 Bird-Guides, 2 Flower-Guides, 1 Butterfly-Guide, 2 Tree-Guides, 1 Bird- House Guide, all of which become the property of the school-room and should continue to do good service in these rooms until worn out. The Secretary and Librarian have given 59 bird-lectures during the year to a total of 12,034 individuals. This large record is due to the fact that the Sec- retary, as Curator of the Park Museum, gave a bird-talk to every grammar school in the city of Providence during the spring of 1917. The Society conducted 12 field-trips for bird-study during the spring months. A summary of the work of the Society over a period of years should be of interest to members of the Association: For a period of six years, the books of the library have had a circulation of 36,176 among 7,834 persons. In six years, the Secretary and Librarian have given 286 bird-lectures to 37,085 persons. In six years, 298 Audubon Bird-Charts have been placed in the school- rooms of the state, and during the past three years, 49 volumes of Nature- Guides have been similarly placed. During the past spring, the Park Museum, in coédperation with members of the Society, conducted a Bird-Migration Record for the state for the months of March, April, and May. Fourteen bird-observers from all sections of the state sent to the Museum a weekly record of their observations. The Museum expects to continue this work in succeeding years, so that the accumulated data received from these observers will eventually result in valuable state records. Already, some members of the Society have records of some years’ standing. This is particularly true of Mr. Harry S. Hathaway, whose record covers a period of twenty-five years.—H. L. Manison, Secretary. West Virginia Audubon Society.—During the past year our Society has not accomplished so much for the good of the cause as could be desired, as general apathy has been prevalent for the past several months, and if we are to make good during the coming year it behooves us to engage in propaganda work as well as personal solicitation. 462 Bird - Lore The red-letter days for our Society during the year 1917 were marked by the entrance of Henry Oldys into our little mountain state last March as a lecturer for the National Association of Audubon Societies. Mr. Oldys lectured in the public schools of several cities throughout the state, and the results of his work were very gratifying. In Parkersburg, the home of our Society, 41 Junior Audubon Classes were organized, with an aggregate membership of 1,112 pupils. During the early spring months we had several field excursions for the observation and identification of the spring migrants, which were very pleasant and profitable. Our most notable excursion was made on the afternoon of May 14, when 44 species of birds were identified, including several of the rare Warblers. Our Society has consistently and persistently advocated a closed season for the Bob-white, to last for several years, in this state, but we have not yet succeeded in convincing our worthy legislators that such a course would be expedient or wise. But we have not lost hope that the worthy measure will finally be enacted.—(Miss) BertHa E. Wuirte, Secretary. REPORTS OF AFFILIATED ORGANIZATIONS The length of the reports of the National and State Audubon Societies necessitates deferring publication of the reports of our affiliated organizations until the January—February, 1918, issue of Brrp-Lore. Reports from the following organizations will appear in that number: Audubon Society of Sewickley Valley (Pa.); Audubon Society of the Pacific; The Bird Club of Long Island; Bird Conservation Club (Maine); Birdlovers’ Club of Brook- lyn (New York); Blair County (Pa.) Game, Fish and Forestry Association; Brookline (Mass.) Bird Club; Brush Hill (Mass.) Bird Club; Buffalo (N. Y.) Audubon Society; Burroughs Junior Audubon Society (Kingston, N. Y.); Cayuga (N. Y.) Bird Club; Columbus (Ohio) Audubon Society; Cumberland County (Maine) Audubon Society; Doylestown (Pa.) Nature Club; Englewood (New Jersey) Bird Club; Forest Hills Gar- dens (N. Y.) Audubon Society; Frankfort (Ky.) Bird Club; Glenville (W. Va.) Normal Bird Club; Hartford (Conn.) Bird-Study Club; Los Angeles (Cal.) Audubon Society; Maywood ({Ill.) Bird Club; Meriden (N. H.) Bird Club; Minneapolis Branch, Minnesota Game-Protective League; Natural History Society of British Columbia (Victoria, B. C., Canada); Newburyport (Mass.) Bird Club; The North East (Pa.) Nature-Study Club; Pasadena (Cal.) Audubon Society; Port Huron (Mich.) Bird Club; Rhinebeck (N. Y.) Bird Club; Rockaway (N. Y.) Bird Club; Rumson (N. J.) Bird Club; Saratoga (N. Y.) Bird Club; Seattle (Wash.) Audubon Society; South Bend (Ind.) Humane Society; South Haven (Mich.) Bird Club; Spokane (Wash.) Bird Club; Vassar College (N. Y.) Wake-Robin Club; Vigo County (Ind.) Bird Club; Wellesley College (Mass.)_ Bird Club; Western Pennsylvania Audubon Society; Wild Life Protective Society of Mil- waukee; Williamstown (Mass.) Bird Club; Winston-Salem (N. C.) Audubon Society; Wyncote (Pa.) Bird Club. Report of the Treasurer 463 JOHN H. KOCH & COMPANY, Certified Public Accountants Liberty Tower, 55 Liberty Street, New York New -York, October 29, 1917. Tue AupItT COMMITTEE, National Association of Audubon Societies, 1974 Broadway, New York, N. Y. Gentlemen:—In pursuance with engagement, we have made our custom- ary examination of the books, accounts and records of the National Association of Audubon Societies for the year ended October 19, 1917, and present here- with the following Exhibits with Comments: Exuipit A—BALANCE SHEET AS AT OCTOBER 19, IQI7. Exuisit B—INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT, GENERAL FUND. Exuisir C—INcCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT, SAGE FUND. Exuispit D—INcOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT, EGRET FuND. Exuipit E—INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT, CHILDREN’S EDUCATIONAL FUND. Exuisir F—INCOME AND EXPENSE AccouNT, DEPARTMENT OF APPLIED ORNITHOLOGY. EXHIBIT G—STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS. Submitting the foregoing, we are Very truly yours, JOHN H. KOCH & CO., Certified Public Accountants. The Report of the Treasurer of the National Association of Audubon Societies, for Year Ending October 19, 1917 Exhibit A ASSETS Cash th Bates Gir ORG sei ei ee) oe es a ae $27,843 94 Furniture and Fixtures— Balance October to ntor0se (ae es $1,731 05 Porchasedsthis year oo es ee a ee 518 30 $2,249 35 DOSS EDT CCIATION eee oy ee Sup oe as Se 224 93 2,024 42 Inventory of Plates, etc. (Nominal Value)................... 500 00 Bird Island Purchase, Orange Lake, Fla...............0004. 250 20 PUSGUEE 1 URE sO Gor sia REE we 300 00 Audubon Boats— oatance, ttaber 16) roth of ee $3,098 10 TAROT: CUES ON se ee ag ier es on ° $3,098 10 LBSE PI PODRCCIREI OR 05 ess ska ok sk Ga 309 80 2,788 30 AMOUNC CAINORAOEWAIC: | ee Ok he ee oe $33,706 86 464 Bird - Lore ASSETS, continued Amount brought forward......: Ep RE le CN we cee Se $33.706 Investments, Endowment Fund— Bonds and Mortgages on Manhattan Real Estate...... $387,100 00 UsS\ Mortgage & Trust Co, Bonds ee 3,000 00 Manhattan Beach Securities Co.............5...2.0.. 1,000 00 391,100 Investments, Mary Dutcher Memorial Fund— Bonds and Mortgages on Manhattan Real Estate...... 7,100 $431,906 LIABILITIES Endowment Fund— Balance, October: 10, 10r0iic ae aa $387,259 89 RECEIVER TOM Patron ce i ee ey tin eee: 1,000 00 Received from Life Members... 2.002. 20 es II,I25 00 Rectives from Gite. oo. ne ey ee eye 300 00 a 909,084 Mary Duicher Memorial Fund— Balance, Octeber 10; 10106. esse oe ee es a eS 9734 Special Funds— ' Mrs. Russel Sage Fund; Exhibit C..................-. $852 53 Egret Protection Fund, Exhibit D.................... 870 I5 Children’s Educational Fund, Northern States, Exhibit E. 16,541 69 Department of Applied Ornithology, Exhibit F......... 118 99 _ 16,440 Sur plus— Surplus beginning Gf years. ooo eG = tae ka eine $5,996 85 Balance trom income Account. 237" yo oa 2,047 10 — 8,043 $431,906 86 fete) feje) 86 89 70 32 95 86 Report of the Treasurer 465 INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT—General Fund EXPENSE Exhibit B Warden Services and Reservations— ALA EROS ohh ce oe ie a en cme clean bla Laanch Expense) 656 no es es Se eye Reservation expenses. i. ec yee ay Woes Saar ea Legislation— ING WO YORK Or eG re ee Ch ean atc eR ge PRICE at pre oa Pree a yes Bc Mh ed ge ee WD So MARPACOPY DITA BOW. C5 Seay, een hae won eee Calitoriian ig ee et yeas ee pore a ee Educational Effort— AGMimMisty ative Cxpensessne eo. soe a si hy ee Field Agents,:salaries and expenses... 3... Press IMLOVIMaMOM: 52s anes: ei see eee ter on es Bird-Lore, extra pages and Annual Report............ Printing, office and: Pield Agents. : aso i oe A TAVelns lod WOrKelrs: (Sa asec ee ae cee ttectros and haltetones oss co isa psy we ee ee lous BSEDEAN VE eres ire aes On cee Re Gn es aye atangsoes” « puces and drawinysi 3 cat ase ri tetas saa eS Bducationalaeanets: ys oe eo ee a es aie ee Di DOOKS a eis tires ie oaks ar yeh oe cee ere See Colored: plates in-Bird-Lore 5 ky ae Catdimes oS aera Series er eR he ee oe Pieid Classes, Fomor rt oa Pan een Contribution to Florida Audubon Society............. Song-Bird Campaign, Posters, Circulars and Publicity. . Summer-school work:;) succes PUUMMCLE sce. eis ate ee eo Sen ec ices FY ae Feeding birds during snowstorms..................... General Expenses— Citice Assistants ico. yen oh oe i eee eee Lelesraph and telepnanerie 165 ey ee d Bee cit wd gris an Sin bes Sy aa eet UP RR Cipce wart SLorrraum renta.. . oo S6e es Fs cae S MEGHOD PICUITeS a har a er G artis: Guten. ay SiGeal SeLVICeSs <5 as eee te re St eee ees PUNO R oth os use ace enc pene Sve Peart ate stale FULVELOMES BOC SUpPHCS cuit «amit cre car a Gromer Miscellaneous....... ge hie Ae Pe ot i oy Sarena ie be $1,415 20 780 50 8 79 $2,204 49 $50 00 65 48 4 2,487 It 200 00 I,050 00 3,852 59 $7,340 00 6,413 92 50 22 1,927 99 1,008 15 83 Io 607 92 IOI 17 724 95 712 30 3,225 52 1,980 97 1,553 75 545 25 1,204 30 225 00 8,734 36 1,065 00 1,370 06 I00 00 38,073 93 $9,713 97 236 22 1,845 27 1,945 00 I51 38 215 00 125 00 687 12 814 37 $15,733 33 $45,03 101 466 Bird- Lore ‘ INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT—General Fund, continued Amount brought forward, -.. 0.040532 $45,031 01 Expenses brought forward <0. 0.2.04 a $15,733 33 General Expenses, continued— ‘ Cartage and expressage)) eo eo ee 252 45 WNSUraNCE ee ee ee 130 30 2 Blectric ght’ 2. os. ee pe he 78 85 a Sales: Department expense: 50 687 24 Depreciation on Dente. 40 oe ee es 309 80 Depreciation on office furnitare:; 32. ee 224 93 Exchange on checks... 0 a es he, ee ei 43 15 Annual Meeting expense: oo se 350 75 stencils, addressograph machine...) 25.0... 6 oo gs 75 78 New Members lixpense (0550. ee as 6,009 93 Sarees i aor 24,967 41 DOME PRP ONS ES, Oo Se PS on ee ee ee $69,998 42 Balance, Surplus bas year fea Pee rea ay a ee 2,047 I0 $72,045 §2 INCOME DL CMberS DUGs OE ee re ee ge $20,110 00 CORIPIDUTIONS oe ie a eae ee 21,486 76 LHECTESE [ROWE TNECSIMENES SO Oe 19,823 88 Sales— Educational Leaflets Sales... : 6 nis oes ss $5,149 96 Bible -GlGseee i i I,513 40 Dale Of Slides: 5 re es 494 82 Bird-Lore Subscripuo0ns,. 25 6 co a ee 1,057 22 Bird-Gook Salee) So a ec oe oe 2,409 48 _ 10,624 88 $72,045 52 Report of the Treasurer 467 MRS. RUSSELL SAGE FUND : INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT Exhibit C INcOME— Balance unexpended October 19, 1916................ $4,123 87 Junior Membete “Teese oon 9a, ae ats “tye aes 2,959.55 $7,081 42 EXPENSES— -Administrative expenses..... Ree Meat hae OS Pe ee SORE a NOE $600 00 Printing leaflet units for Junior Members.............. 2,181 56 Field Agents, salaries and expenses:............-..+0-: 208 96 EG RPP OSSRO Ee sete eee oly ttre ais Gh Gn ss erg Danse uke aed 227 62 Prnting Cicwars. 206.65) 6 cee oes regen oe toctegae. Farell 336 34 Printing cH Velanesegi eld ie ee eee ea ee OS 186 14 Postage on circulars and literature.......... See Me ae 1,850 00 Bird-Lore, subscriptions for Junior Classes............ 689 08 Stenographic'and: clerical work... i eae 845 39 Office: Supplies: i055 es a i ey ee 81 46 Hiuttons for Junior Membersy. oo i oe ae Sas 188 15 Halt-tones:for publication 256 cw (eae weeeek 17 46 Mepore ane puniicity ete i ss ee ea 414 49 Colored: plates:in Bird-Lore. jake ee et ON 106 96 MMSECCLANCOUSS oor cha are terete hah ere Pie otis Set 94 $7,933 95 GHG CCl et tay NOL Tee eye ae ae ete 852 53 $7,033 95 $7,933 95 EGRET PROTECTION FUND INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT Exhibit D INCOME— Balance unexpended October 19, 1916................ $331 O1 COMUEDOR OE a6 og tas oa ter wre Sc Se nk a 2,992 06 $3,323 97 EXPENSES— Regret Wardens and inspections. |...) 25 eee ee es $2,442 81 go I ECOMADOGHE SS Oates eee a kines S ate esa S II oI $2,453 82 Balance unexpended October 19, tor]... 2... es eee deen 870 15 $3,323 97 $3,323 97 468 Bird - Lore CHILDREN’S EDUCATIONAL FUND INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT Exhibit E INCOME— Balance unexpended October 19, 1916................ GContribaGons. oo. ee eae en EXPENSES— Administrative expenses. 455863 VAG hen tes Field Agents, salaries and expenses................... Stenographic and clerical work....................... Office suppliesi; so. 2. ES Son eel ent ae ees epee e Furniture and fixtures, purchase... 50.00) .0 0.0 ess i. Expressage- Gn literatnte. c500 5 ok aca ee ee Rs Postage on circulars and literature................ Printing leaflet units for Junior Members.............. Printed circilars 6: tea chere ones es io eee a Bird-Lore for Junior Classen. os ag iy pe ei ee pn ee THalt- tones {66 Pupucstion oc eas i en Reports aha OUNCE oer ee is oa an Buttons for-J unior Members, oo. ce is cae os Colored plates: in Bird) “Miles: Mrs. Flora Boros 1916 Hunnewell, Walter 20° 0 S005) | Miller, Mrs, BCT oe in 1916 Hunter, Anna F.. steeds ie QR] > Matenen, Mys. Tonn Geiss booties 1916 Huntington, Archer Mio oo TQ05:-| Mitchell; Miss Mary. ...5 305 e000. r9o16 Jackman BowinS2 0005 02054 oS TOTO: |. Moore; Clarence Bin es 1909 Jackson, Mrs. James’. 502 oo 1908: | Moore, Mrs. William H............% 1916 Janmson; Margaret Ve oo 1914 | Morgan, Miss Caroline L............ 1QI7 Jenkins, Mrs. Joseph W Vee toro | “Morison, Robert S,. 3.0. vee: 1916 Jennies, Onver Ge ea TO17-| Morton, Miss Marty... :>-<04 coi es 1906 FOUES, PCLOME soc hu ie eed TOYS: |: Mulliken, Alfred’ Hos) 0 i ici sss IQ17 Jones, Mis. Lawrence: 3546 7s: S007 | Murphy, Franklin, 3.5. See. 1909 Joslyn, Mrs. George Avro) veo TOLO | INeave, Miss: Jane Goose. 1916 Keen, Miss: Florence o.oo ee 2010 | Nevins, Mrs, Davis... 2). 1916 Retu, Mire. Do Mons: ee ea tore t Newbery, We Pe... is) ee 1916 Kent, snerman..) 3.05.2 Tory | Newcomer, Waldo... 0:2... See 1Q17 wettle MrsLioN: 23 os oe 1913 | New Jersey Audubon Society....... 1913 Kidder, Nathaniel Ti. s.r es Too5 | Newman, Mrs. R. Avo ee. I9t4 Kilmer, Willis Sharpe.«..>...2....>. 1907 | Nichols, Mrs. William G....-....... 1915 King, Nass: Bllen 3. ic 1915 | North Carolina Audubon moar 21968 Kingsbury, Miss Alice E............ 1916 | Noyes, Mrs. David A.. Line aOre inney; Moms. oie ee 1913 | O’Brien, Mrs. Michel Woe IQI7 Kittredge, Miss Sarah N........... 1914 | Oliver, Mrs. james Boo 1916 mien, wuss A. Co 5s eee, 1913" | “Osborn, Mrs. Eliza W.... 04.3. 1906 Mauser, fonn Dryden... 2.4. r91r | Osborn, Prof. Henry Fairfield....... IQ17 bene; Behjamin Co. . e . L909 1; Osporn, Mis: Wilham ©...,5.9 0 144 1916 *Deceased List of Members LIFE MEMBERS, continued Paie Ue Ware at Sat y eros IQ17 *Palmer, Mrs. William H........... 1912 *Palmer, William J..... oe eren Te ee 1906 PASKers ACE ee on Soe Oe es 1908 Parkers Bdward les; vow eres ae 1909 Parsons, Miss Mary W............. 1913 Peabody George:Act os ake Fens IQI4 Pearson, Ts Gilberts). aa ee 1905 Peck, Mrs. Walter Doser ie aes 1909 Perkins} Miss Blleni Gav. oo Ses 1914 Perkins, Mrs. ba Cee te 1913 Peterson, Arthur. . as .1916 Phelps, Mrs. J. W... Ly See et OA Phillips, Mrs. Piennor Hee ee. 1908 Phillips “Jonnee an oy F105 a es 1905 Philips: Mrs. JohniCo sec) pr 1905 . Pickman, Mrs.sudiey. Lie 2) 1907 Pierrepont Anna [ooo ts. eke ee 1905 Prerrepont; Jonn. |g ee esr cee 1905 Pierrepont, Mrs. R. Stuyvesant...... 1Q14 SPinchot: Mrs. af Wit crere oe ay 2 1906 Polsnd [ames Pay ie te ay ee 1909 Pomeroy, Mrs. Nelson...........:.. IQI5 PP otts, “PHOMaS. a hoe ee 1905 Pratt: George Pa), a aes ie aes IQII Prentisg. Pot c26 ie ie a es aa 1916 Prime."Miss ‘Comela e253 oo ey 1909 Ouier, Mise BdwinvAses: Se. 1917 Ouincy oe Mis: Bee ess a eres Geers IQs Ramatord, Dr. Wess sa. ee ee. 1913 Rathbome; Richard Cl 353 1916 Reed, Mrs. William Howell......... 1905 Remsen, Miss Elizabeth............ 1916 Renwick: Mrs. tka Wy ei 5 IQ14 REVROIGS ER sbi i ein ee wae 1908 RACH Taso Oo. Oy ates sie tee see 1917 Riker, John J.. ee are Roberts, Miss Frances A.. 1914 Rockefeller, William G.. Sn ONS Rodewald, Pe ee as 1916 Roebling, Mrs. John A..............1916 Roebling, Washington A............ 1917 Roger Charles Go a ee es FGI Rogers; Dudley Peon. saw kaa s IQI4 /eopes; Mrs. Mary. G.os oe oe ss 1913 Rosengarten, George D.... 2. 2. s. 1Q17 Rus, Mise PrankcAsicccs (sci se eee IQI7 Russell, Mrs. Gordon W............ 1914 AGEs MIs cR Ussetis ed eS eae: 1905 Saltonstall: Jonmeles ces ies 1908 Sanger, Mrs. C. R.. Be EO LO Satterlee, Mrs. Herbert L........... 1906 Schley, Grant B.. (pea o EOLA Schroeder, Miss Viszie Ho IQIT Seabury, Miss Sarah E.. Les SLOTS Scandal Wee oe aa 1912 CATS Wilander vn ees Ce OES ecton Mrnest Per eee iy EOTO DEVEFANCE, JONM Wasa ft ee LOLO Sharpe, Miss Ellen Dec os ee TOES Shattuck: Mrs: Fo Giese. k.-. . 1906 Sherman, Miss Athea R.............1909 473 Siuley, Hiram Wii oe ae IQIs Simpson, Alexander, Jr............. IQI7 cattery, JOnn Mot ee eae 1916 *Smith, Miss Alice Weston..........1o911 Simth.. Mrs- Heberss oso 3s eli IQI7 Spalding, Mrs. Amanda M.......... 1912 Spanking Soo: vt tat eka eS IQ17 Speed. Wiliam Sai Ss eras he IQI7 PLOWS PIICHG (ea eee Phe 1916 StahbAdoMp aie pon. ee ee aot IQI7 Btambaug, Fi. Pe ss cs aes 1917 Stetson, Francis Lynde............. 1916 Stewart, Mrs. Edith Avis... 6 ee. 6 FOE *Ouickney,: Charles Dc. 2 yer ce. a. IQIo SUMMA Bakr yea ee re oa 1916 Stillman, Chauncey Dis.) 6.6. k, 1916 *Stokes, Caroline Phelps............ 1908 Stone; Miss Piete foo oo. os as os ota Strong, Charles: Hamotes5 265 a.03 su. IQI7 EUASE her As in Yeo eal 1916 States; Wirs: Key ie ee cae IQIt7 Swit, Gharles) Hea. 6 5 a os tig sit IQI7 Witty LOUIS: Pier Wa oe IQI7 Taft, Elihu B.. Sos wae els SaaS Talbott, H. E.. We ree Ore opt Taylor, ‘Charles ae ‘Jr ido io pain Ned ee 1908 PHEW | eer ee eee eke . 1916 Thayer, Mrs. Edward Diss 2s 1917 bayer, Wis, War: Reese es Gr 1909 PPDAVORS SOM Bic yc eve as, Et 1909 Thompson, Mrs. Frederick F.. 1908 *Thorn:- Mrs.Augusta Coos. at. a 1913 Tingley, De Ene RRR Aa rena a Torrey, Mrs. Alice W.. ae ATO ES RUCKOD, AT igor: iio mt eee a Ses 1QI7 Tuckerman, AMER ee hee og is ene IQI5 utts: Leona gers. te ores oe ck eas 1907 Turnbull, Miss Anna B, In Memoriamr1g16 Turner, Mrs. George My IQl7 Turner, Mrs. Witiati Jie ios aie IQI7 ALWSON METS 7 GEOLRG ois ri ucis om Pus IQI5 Underwood, Wi OG. res ee i, 1916 Upson, Mrs. TIGRYY Dia, eee as 1916 Van Brunt, Mrs. Charles........... 192 Vanderbilt, Mrs. French. . eee gs cr? O Van Name. Witlard: Gil ee 1905 Van Norden, Warner M............1917 Vaux. Gedreec dr o6 cs cee tee et 64 1905 Wiad MIS. bedi Se ee eS ie ba 1QI4 Wadsworth, Clarence S............. IQItl Wakeman, Miss Frances............1915 Walker Mis (Cys cnc acca cs IQI7 Wallace, Mrs. Augusta H........... IQI4 Warhire Fo Mee Sk. os IQI7 Ward, Charles Wilks. i366. 1916 Ward. IMareus Lalo era) iis ei pEGOS Warren, Greoree Bie orci ge) vis os 1917 Wasson. @harles Wie fore. 1916 Watson. Mrs--}. Henrys ee 1916 Watson. Mrs Janies Saas 0. fo) IQIt Watson, Mrs. Thomas J............ IQ16 Webb, J. Griswolds ioc. 3. tees 1913 *Deceased 474 Webster) BiG. Webster, Mrs. Sidney....... Weeks, Henry De Forest.... Weld, Miss Elizabeth F...... Wells, Mrs. Frederick L.... Welsh, Francis Ralston...... Westcott, Miss Margery D.. Wetherill, S: P..ci25 3:5 Wetmore, George Peabody. : Wharton, William P......... *White, Mrs. Charles T...... -Bird - Lore LIFE MEMBERS, continued Ree ire Se 1905 | White, Windsor T..................1916 Bevan Gs 1913 | Williams, John D..................1909 PAR eee t900°) Wilson, Mi Orme... 8 20 oi Wc FORT ees ag 1916 | Wiman, Dwight Deere.............1917 Bae wen igre.) eWister; John Cy oe aes. OSS eee 1917 | Wood, Mrs. Antoinette Eno.........1913 Se ales 1912 | Woodman, Miss Mary..............1914 cane gh ehh? | WwoodWard, Mrs. Georges... 23s. 5 1908 geen 1914 | Woolman, Edward................%1916 Ries te E90? 1 WOK Mrs, Ann oor a OES ee ile se 1909 ' Wyman, Mrs. Alfred E.............1914 *Deceased ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS TO THE GENERAL FUND Abbe, Miss H. C.... $5 00 Abbe, Dr. Robert... 5 00 Abbey, Mrs. F. R... 500 Abbot, Miss M.S... 10 00 Abbott, Elizabeth T. and Opes. casa: 2 00 Abbott, Mrs. F. E... 5 00 Abbott, Mrs. F. VV... 5 00 Abbott, Holker..... I 00 Abbott, Mrs. T. J... 5 00 Abbott, W.. H..2)-3) <§00 Abell, Mrs. E. F.... 5 00 Abert, Benjamin.... 5 00 Abrams, Mrs. A. E.. 200 Achelis, Fritz....... 5 00 Achilles, Mrs. G. S.. 65 00 Ackley, Miss A. E... 7 00 Acton, Miss A. A.... 700 Adams, C. Q 10 00 Adams;-C. Wy2& 5 00 Adams, Donald..... 5 00 Adams, Miss E. B... 7 00 Adams, Miss E. L... 5 60 Adams, Mrs. F...... 5 00 Adams, H.-W... 2.2" 5.00 Adams, Mrs. J. D... 5 00 Adams, Joseph... .. 5 00 Adams, Mrs. M. W. 6000 Adams, Thomas M,. 20 00 Adams, William C.. 100 Addison, Mrs. M.... 5 00 Adger, Miss E. J.... 5.00 Adler, Max A....... 10 00 Adler, Mrs. Max.... 500 Adt; Albert A... .... 2 00 Ahrens, Eduard..... Aiken, John A...... Aims, Miss Edith M. Ainsworth, Mrs. H. A. Albert, J. D., Jr., and Theo. Greever.... Alden, Miss F. E.... Aldrich, Frank W... Aldrich, Miss G. M. Aldrich, George W. . Alexander, George. . $2 00 Alexander, James... 100 Alexander, W. H.... 500 Alexandre, Mrs. J. J. 5 00 Allee; Miss:J. Hy... 500 Allen, Atkinson..... 5 00 Allen, -Miss C..i.. 3. 5 00 Allen, Clarence J.... 10 00 Malena Cay ois. IO 00 Allen,:Mi's. “De Poe 506 Allen, Miss Edith H. 7 00 Allen, Edward K.... 500 Allen, Mr.andMrs.F. 5 00 Allen, George H..... 100 Allen, Miss Gertrude 10 00 Allen, Mrs. Isabel D. 5 00 Allen, Dro JW 5 00 Allen, Miss Lucy E. 1 00 Allen, Miss M. C.... 500 Allen, Mary P...... 25 00 Allen, Miss Mary W. 5 00 Alley, Mr. and Mrs. George Hiss irs 2 00 Alling, Madison..... 5 00 Alling, Roger soe 5 00 Allis, Charles....... 5 00 Allis, Oswald T..... 500 Allison, Mrs. M. D.. 100 Alms, Mrs. F. H.... 50 00 Alsop, Miss G. F.... 7 00 Alter, Mrs. Franklin. 5 00 Althouse, H. W..... 3000 Altschul, Frank..... 5 00 Alvord, George B... 5000 Amerman, Rev. J. L. 10 00 Ames, Mrs. J. B..... 20 00 Ames, John S....... 5 00 Amory, John S...... 500 Anderson Bird Club. 5 00 Anderson, Mrs. B... 600 Anderson, Mrs. John 10 00 Anderson, Mrs. J. W. 5 00 Anderson, J.C... 2... 5 00 Anderson, Mrs. J. C. 5 00 Anderson, Misses Kate L. and Sallie 5 00 Andre, Mrs. F. B.... 100 Andrews, Mrs. H. E. $5 00 Andrews, Col. J. M.. 5 00 Andrews, Mrs. J. M. 5 00 Andrews, Miss K. R. 15 00 Andrews, Mrs. M.... 5 00 Andrews, Rev. T.... 5 00 Andrews, Mrs.W. L. 500 Angermeier, H. J.... 100 Angier, Roswell P... 5 00 Angstman, Mrs.C.S. 600 Anheuser, F-52003... 5 00 Anonymous........ 26 00 Anonymous (K.V.K.) 1 00 Anthony, Prof. A.W. 500 Anthony, Miss E. J... 5 00 App, Orpha Lorena... 5 00 Appleton, Miss M.E. 5 00 Appleton, Wm. S.... 5.00 Archbald, Jos. A.... 1000 Archer, Mrs. G. A... 15 00 Arizona Audubon Society: 1a; So 5 5 00 Armour, Allison V... 5 00 Armour, William A.. 5 00 Armstrong, Dr. S. T, 10 00 Arnold, Clarence M.. 5 00 Arnold, Rev. H. G... 100 Arnold, Miss Mittie. 5 00 Arnold, Mrs. W. J.... 5 00 Arnold, Mrs. W. R.. 2 00 Arrison, Mrs. J. M.. 400 Arthur, James B.... 5 00 Asch, Mrs. Paul. <:.. 590 Ashley, Mrs. E. A... 3 00 Ashley, Miss E. M... 5 00 Ashley; }. Si.038% 10 00 Ashmun, Mrs. B. I.. 5 00 Aspinwall, C. A..... 5 00 Aspinwall, John..... 20 00 Asten, Mrs: T..B.. . 5:00 Astor, Vincent...... 5 00 Atherton, E. H...... 1.00 Atkins, Edward F... 50 00 Atkins, Mrs, E. F... 5 00 Atkins, Miss S. F.... 5 00 Atwater, Charles B.. 5 00 Atwater, Mrs. W. C. 5 00 List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Auchincloss, Mrs.E.S. $7 00 Auchincloss, J. W... 5 00 Auchmuty,Mrs.R.T. 25 00 Audubon Association of the Pacific.....: Audubon Bird Club (The) Audubon Bird Club of Erasmus Hall. . Audubon, Miss M. E. Audubon Society of Evansville (Ind.).. Audubon Society of Tibinois oo vee 5 00 et SR Fee OG 5 00 35 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 Missourt. 30s Audubon Society of New Hampshire. . Audubon Society of Sewickley Valley.. Audubon Society of Skaneateles.....- Audubon Society of 5 00 5 00 10 00 7 00 Western Penna.... 5.00 Auerbach, J. 5...... 5 00 Augustus, A. A...... 5 00 Aultsb Ag ces: 5 00 Austen; Mrs. I. V... 5 00 Austin, Francis B... 800 Averill, Miss F. M... 100 Averill, Glenn M.... 500 Averill, Miss M..... 100 Avery, Mrs. Mary S.. 5 00 Avery, Samuel P.... 10 00 Avis, Edward....-.. 500 Ayer CoP re See Ayer, Mrs. E. E..... 20 00 Ayres, Harry M..... 500 Ayres, Miss Mary A. 500 Babcock, K. C.. ... 5 00 Baber, Miss C...... 5 00 Bacbroach, G:F. 52-3706 Bache, Miss René... 100 Bachrach, Louis F... 5 00 Batone Den oe. 5106 Bacon, Miss E.S.... 700 Bacon, Mrs. F. E.... 25 00 Bacon, Miss H.R... 5 00 Bacon, The Misses. . Bacon, Miss M. P... “Badger, Arthur C.... Badger, Mrs. H. D.. Baetjen, Mrs. F. H.. Bagley, George G.... Bailey, Mrs. A. T... Bailey, Mrs. Charles Bailey, Mrs. C. E... Bailey, Henry T..... 2 00 7 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 7.00 5 00 Bailey, Dr. Pearce.. 5 00 Bailey, Supls. pore. I 00 Bailey, Mrs. Wm. J:. 5 00 Baily, Wm. L.. 200 Bainbridge, Mrs.M.H. I5 00 Baird, T. E., Jr... .. $1000 Baker, Miss C. S.... 10 00 Baker, Mrs. C. M... 500 Baker, George L.... 5.00 Baker, da ds een. 5 00 Baker, Mrs. J. A.. 5 00 Baker, Mrs. J. McF. Baker, Miss M. K.. 5 00 5 090 Baker, Miss Nellie. . ci) 8-50 Baker, Wy Bia ovac 5 00 Balch, Mrs. E, W... 500 Balch, Henry Gi.45:~5 00 Baldrige, J. M...... 5 00 Baldwin, Mrs. A. D.. 5 00 Baldwin, A. H...... 509 Baldwin, Mrs. C. R.. 5 00 Baldwin, Mrs. G. C.. I 00 Baldwin, George J... 5 00 Baldwin, James..... 600 Baldwin, Miss M. E. 7 00 Baldwin, Roger N... 3 00 Baldwins Sod. > ba 2 50 Baldwin, Mrs. W. D. 5.00 Balkam, Mrs. W. F.. 5 00 Ball, Miss. Alice E... 15 00 Ball, Miss Helen A.. 5 00 Ball, Miss Susan L.. 5 00 Ball t Arthur. <=. 5 00 Ballmann, Mrs. F. | & ES RNS Pe anne eee IO 00 Bamberger, Miss. . 5 00 Bancroft, Mrs. S.. 5 00 Bancroft, Wm. P.... 1000 Bancroft, Mrs. W. P. 10 00 Bays ods oe iss IO 00 Bangs, Mrs. L. B 5 00 Banks, Mr. and Mrs. George: Wie 6% 5 00 Banks, the Misses... 41 00 Barber, Mrs. H..... 15 00 Barber, Mrs. H. M.. 200 Parmet, Wie Vi cess I 00 Barbour, Wikis 5 00 Barclay, Miss Emily 7 00 Barden, Ed. Too3. 5 00 Baring, Thomas.... 500 Dareer An On ees oreo Barksdale, H. M.... 10 00 Barlow, Mrs. F. C... 20 00 Barnard, Hon. Job.. 5.00 Barnes ii Be I 00 Barnes, Prof. H. T... 5 00 Barnes, J. Sanford.. 500 Barnes, Keith... .... 5 00 Barney, Mrs. C..T... 5 00 Barney, Mrs. J. S... 1000 Barnstein, Lydia.... 7.00 Barnum, W. M..... 500 Barnum, Mrs. W.M. 5 00 Barre Miss GiB 323.5 2600 Barr James tte, 055. 100 00 Bart, Mrs Le Pe Barrell, Finley...... 475 Barrere, Masters Claude & Gabriel. $1 00 Barrett, Mrs. R. R.. 5 00 Barrett; W.-H... . 5 00 Barnes Mrs Aviie os 06 Barrie, Mrs. E. S...... 5 00 Barroll, Joseph R.... 5 00 Barron, George D... 700 Barrows, ‘Mrs. F. K... 5 00 Barrows, Mrs. M.... 5 00 Barry, Anna K...... 5 00 Barstow, Mrs. F. Q.. 15 00 Bartlett, B.D... ... 5 00 Bartlett, Mrs. C. T.. 15 00 Bartlett, Clay...... 5 00 Bartlett, Miss F..... 10 00 Bartlett, Mrs. Hy... 5 00 Bartlett, Master W.T. 1 00 Bartol, Miss E. H... 15 00 Bartol, Mrs. H. G... 600 Bartol, Mrs. J. W... 500 Barton, Miss E.R... 5.00 Barton, Francis.... 200 Barton, Mrs. F.O... 5 00 ne ie Mrs. H. H., YS RNO UDG cape ohy aan 10 00 Barton: relat 50 00 Bass, Mis P ie of. 5 00 Bassett, earl Ka ck OG Bassford, Mrs. L. €. 5 00 Batchelor, Miss I.. 5 00 Bates, Miss K. L.... 12.00 Bates, Vi Ws... 22500 5 00 Battles, Miss C. E... 5 00 Baulch, Mrs. J. P.. 5 00 Baumann, Mrs. A. v. 5 00 Bausch, Ww eels ta eas 5 00 Baxter Ee Pes ies 5 00 Baxter, Mrs. Wm. F. 5 00 Bayer, Mrs. E. S.... 1000 Bayne, Mrs. -H...... IO 00 Bayne, Mrs. L. P.... 10 00 Bayne, Pauli... 5 00 Beach, Mrs. H.H. A. 5 00 Beacom, M. W.. 5 00 Beadle, Mss L. R.. 100 Beadleston, A. N.... 5000 Beaham, Gordon T.. 5 00 Beal, Mrs. H. W.... 5.00 Beall, Mrs. I. A..... to 00 Beall, Mrs. T. A.... 5 00 Beals, Mrs. P. P.. I 00 Beardslee, | a er 5 00 Beardslee, Mrs. L. R. 5 00 Beardsley, Mrs. O.D. 500 Beatties Webs 8. IO 00 Beaux, Miss Cecilia. 5 00 Beaver Field Club... 5 00 Beckett, Mrs. C. H.. 5 00 Beckley, Mrs. J. N.. 5 00 Beckwith, T., Jr..... 5 00 Bedford Audubon Society (The)..... 500 476 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Beebe, Mrs. Wm.. Beebe, Mrs. Wm. H. Beecher, Wm. H..... Beemer, Mrs. W. H.. Beer, Mrs. Edwin... Beer, Mrs. G. L..... Beer, Mrs. Julius... Behrend, Dr. O. F:.. Behrens, Louis H., Bell, “Mrs. A. G.. Bell, Mrs. D. M.. Bell, Mrs. Gordon... Beller, William F.... Bellinger, Mrs. E. J.. Bellinger, Miss M. E. Bement, Mrs. G..... Bement, Mrs. G. F.. Bemis, Alfred F..... Bemis, Mrs. F. B... Bemish, Mrs. W. H.. Bendheim, A. D..... Benedict, Mrs. C.'E. Benedict, Miss C. J.. Benedict, Theo. H... Benet, Miss Lillian.. Benjamin, Mrs. A. B. Benjamin, Mrs. J.... Benjamin, M. W.... penkard s)he os Bennett, Mrs. E. B.. Bennett, John Ira... Benninghofen, Miss C. Benson, E. N., Jr... - Benson, Mrs. L. F... Benson, Miss Mary. Bent, Arthur ‘G..: 45). Bent, Miss C: M.... Bentley, Mrs. S. M.. Benton, Andrew A... Bercovich, Hic... : Bergen, George J.... Berlin, Mrs. D. B... Bernheim, Henry J.. Bernheim, Mrs. I. J. Bernheim, I. W..... Berrien, Mrs. F. D.. Berry, Miss E. M... Berry, Miss L. D.... Best, Mrs. -C. L. os. Betts, Alfred....... Betts, Mrs. E. K.... Betts, Samuel R..... Beveridge, Mrs. A. J. Bevier, Miss K...... Bevin, Leander A... Beyer, Eugene O.... Bickmore, Mrs. A. S. Bicknell, Mrs. F. T.. Biddle, Miss E. W.. Biddle, Mrs. G...... Biddle, Mrs. L. C... $5 00 Biddle, Lydia I..... $2 00 Biddle, William C... 5 00 Bidwell, Mrs. M B.. 5.00 Bierwerth, Mrs.H.A. 5 00 Bigelow, Miss E..... 5 00 Bigear Dr. eb ts 500 Bigler, Frank S..... 5.00 Biglow, Mrs. L. H... 600 Bignell, Mrs. Effie.. 100 Bigner, Frank S..... 10 00 Bijur, Abraham..... 5 00 Bill, Nathan D...... 5 00 Billard, Mrs. J. L.... 500 Billings, A. S., Sr.... 5 00 Billings, Elizabeth... 5 00 Billings, Mrs. F.S... 5 00 Bingham, Miss M... 5 00 ba cued Mrs. G. H.,. PORE IES SRA Sy Oe 5 00 Biases, Mrs. John.. 500 Birch, Hugh T...... 5 00 Bird, "Miss Anna: C..) -5'00 Bird, Charles S..... 500 Bird Club of Long Island (The).:..<. 5 00 Bird Conservation Clob: (The). sss 33 10 00 Bird, Mrs. John B... 5 00 Birdlovers’ Club of Brooklyn: igs es (ole) Bird- ges Club of Coshocton. en. Birdsall, J. Liaw os .3 Bishop, "Miss A. H.. Bishop, H. R.. 5 00 Bishop, Dr. L. Hog 50 Bishopric, Mrs. A... 5 00 Bitting, A. W....... 2 00 Black, Mrs..F. 5S... 5 00 Black, George P..... 5.00 Black, R. Clifford... 10 00 Blackburn, N. T.... 300 Blackinton, Mrs. F.L. 5 00 Blackinton, Mrs. R.. 5 00 Blackmer, Mrs. F. B. 5 00 Blackstone, Jessie... 1 00 ses: Mrs. W. M., SPe re tne ae 5 00 Blair, C. Ledyard... 500 Blair County Game, Fish and F orestry Association....... 5 00 Bier, Gists eas cs 5 00 Blake, Mrs. Francis. 2 00 Blake, Miss Isabel.. 2 00 Blake, Mrs. S. P.... 1000 Blake, Mrs. T...... 5 00 Blake, Mrs. T. W... 5.00 Blakiston, Miss E... 5 00 Blanchard, MissA.K. 5 00 Blanchard, Mrs. E.J. 5 00 Blanchard, John A... 5 00 Blanchard, MissS. H. 45 oo Blaney, Miss H. C... $1 oo Blashfield, Mrs. E.H. 5 00 Blatz, William C.... 500 Bliss, Miss Ida E..... 10 00 Bliss, Mrs. Walter P. 5 00 Bliss, Mrs. Wm. H.. 25 00 Block, Dr. E. Bates. 5 00 Blood, Mrs. C. O.... 10 00 Bloomfield, Mrs. C.C. 10 00 Bloomingdale, Miss Laura A.. 5 00 Blue, Mrs. ‘sk E.. 5 00 Blumenthal, F...... 5 00 Boal, Mrs. Ayres.. ote 500 Boardman,MissC.W. 5 00 Boardman, Miss E. Ra in at wee ne ae 6 00 Boardman, Mrs. Lansdale. eee. 5 00 Boardman, Miss R.C. 10 00 Boardman, Miss S... 2 00 Boardman,Mrs.W.D. 5 00 Boardman,Mrs.W.H. 1 00 Boericke, Mrs. G.... 5 00 Boettger, Mrs. T.... 5 00 Bogert, Miss Anna.. 10 00 Bogert, Miss A. M... 30 00 Bogert, Prof. M. T.. 5 00 Bole, Ben Pie. IO 00 Bole, Mrs. Ben P. I5 00 Bolles, Miss D. F.. 5 00 Bolling, | as OR GEO er 15 00 Bolling, Stanhope... 10 00 Bolter, Miss Alice E. 5 00 Bolton, Mrs. C. C... 1000 Bolton, Lee ies I 00 Bond; Henry s5 4255 5 00 Bonds SiN, 4: dams I5 00 Bond-Foote, Mrs. E.. 5 00 Bonham, Mrs. H.... 1000 Bonnett, Charles P... 5 00 Boody, Mrs. Edgar.. 5 00 Booth, Mrs. H.M.... 5 00 Borden, Mrs. E.L... 10 00 Borden, Mrs. Wm.... 15 00 Borg, Mrs.S.C...... 5 00 Borland, William G.. 15 00 Borne, Mrs. John E.. 500 Bosworth, Mrs.W.W. 500 Botsford, Mrs.O. M. 5 00 Bouer, Mrs. E. A..... 5 00 Bourn, Mrs. W. B... 5 00 Bourne, F. Gie 5 00 Bourne, Mrs. H. E.. 5 00 Bouton, Mrs. E. H.. 5 00 Bovert, Masters. . 5 900 Bowden, J.:G.. 55. 5 00 Bowdish, B. S...43..2°,-5-00 Bowditch, C. P..... 25 00 Bowditch, Edward.. 5 00 Bowditch, James H.. 15 00 Bowdoin, Miss E. G. 60 00 Bowen, James W.... 290 List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Bowen, Miss J. H... $6 00 Bowers, Norman.... 500 Bowles, Miss E..... 5.00 Bowles, Mrs. H. L... 20 00 Bowles, Mrs. S...... 500 Bowstead, H. G..... 500 BOS 63a. Pie Si 2 00 Boyd, Mrs. H. W... 5.00 Boyd, Dre yak: sce 8 00 Boyd: Mrs. fo Ve B00 Boye, Mrs. B.-N 2. = § 00 Boyle, Edward J.... 15 00 Brackenridge, G. W..100 00 Brackenridge, W. A.. 5 00 Brackett, Ci Aes I 00 Bradford, Miss D. S. 10 00 Bradford, Miss E. F. to 00 Bradford, Mrs. G.G. 5 00 Mradices Foie 15 00 Bradley, A. C....... 1000 Bradley, Mr. and WETS SA 25 00 Bradley, E. R.. 5 00 Bradley, Mrs. M. A. 5 00 Bradley, DroM, 3... : 700 Bradiley,-P. Be. 25" "to 00 Bradley, Robert S$... 500 Bradley, Mrs. W. B. 5 00 Bradley, W. Post... 500 Bragdon, J. W...... 5 00 Brakeley, Joseph.... 500 Branch Co. Bird Club 5 00 Brandegee, Mrs. E. ee ne ete see 5 00 Brandegee, MissE.S. 5 00 Brandegee, Miss F.S 10 00 Brandgee, Miss K... 10 00 Brandeis, Mrs. A.... 500 Brandes, Julius..... 7 00 Brandlee, Mrs. E. C. 100 Brandt, Mrs. Carl... 5:00 Brantegain, H. H.... 300 Brayton, Mrs. C. B.. 5 00 Brazier, Mrs. J. H... 10 00 Breckenridge, Miss ATIC Lice. es 5 00 Breckinridge,C.D.G. 5 00 Breneiser, 5S. G.... 5 00 Brennecke, George. . 5 00 Brett; Everett J...-:.--. 2:00 Breuchaud, Mrs. J... 5 00 Brewer, Edward M.. 45 00 Brewer, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph...... 5 00 Brewer, Miss L. S$... 10 00 Brewer, Miss R..... 5 00 Brewster, Mrs. B. E. 5 00 Brewster, Mrs. F. F. 5 00 Brewster, Jane E.... 10 00 Brewster, Mrs. W.S. 500 Brewster, William... 5 00 Brewster, William T. 10 00 Bridge, Edmund.... 5 00 Bridge, Mrs. E... Bridge, BOW. 2: e: Bridges, Miss F..... Briggs, Mrs. L. V.... Briggs, Mrs. P. D... Brigham, Mrs. C.... Brightman, Mrs. H.I. Bri rs Ay A oo Mrs. SN PE ESC iy ay Rat ae BEY | Brinckerhoff, E. Brindell, C. A.. Bristol, Mrs. E. vent Bristol, dee CS aah Brittain, John: S....: Brock, Mrs. R. C. H. Brodie, Mrs. F. W... Brokaw, Irving..... Bronk, Mrs. Henry.. Bronson, Dr. E. B... Bronson, Mrs. J. H.. Brookes, Mrs. F..... Brookes, H. Brookline Bird Club CPHey eee es Brooks, Miss Fanny. Brooks, Frank M.... Brooks, Gorham.... Brooks, Miss M. W.. Brooks, Mrs. M. K.. Brooks, Paul A...... Brooks, Mrs. P. W.. Brooks, Walter D... Brooks, Mrs. W. P.. Brooks, Mrs. W. T.. Brower, Miss L. S... Brown, Mrs. A. E... Brown, Miss A. H... Brown, Mrs. B Brown, Mrs. C. A... Brown, Mrs. C. S.... Brown, Clarence.... Brown, Clarence D.. Brown, Clarence H.. Brown, Ce Met kee. Brown, Davenport. . Brown, Elisha R.... Brown, Miss Ella. .. Brown, Mrs. F. G... Brown, Miss Frances Brown, Mrs. F. F.... Brown, Fhe) os. . Brown, Owe es Brown, Mrs. F. Q... Brown, Mrs. G. A... Brown, Mrs. George McKesson....... Brown, Harry W.... Brown, J. Adams... Brown, Mrs. J. 5.... Brown, Mrs. J. T.... Brown Dra Brown oS Ones: Brown, Miss M. B... Brown, Miss M. C... Brown, Mary I...... Brown, Nathan C... Brown, Philip G..... Brown, Ronald K.. . Brown, Samuel B.... Brown, Sumner C... Brown, T. Hassall... Brown, Mrs. T. M... BLrowne: Jodi eo Browning, Mrs. J. H. Browning, W. H... Brownson, Bullard, Mrs. E. P.. Bullard, Mrs. H. S... Bullard, Miss K. E.. Bunce, James H..... Bunker, William.... ; Bunting, W. M..... Burckhardt, Miss E. Burden, James A.... Burgess, E. Phillips. Burgess, John K.... Burgess, Miss S. K.. Burgoyne; CL... .. Burke Mrs) Ao... Burke, Mrs. J. K Burke; MrseSy5 oo) 6 Burkham, Miss C. T Burnett, Mrs. F. M.. Burnett, Miss F. H.. Burnett, Mrs. W. J. Burnham, Mrs. C. L. Mrs. Wallards ies, Broyles, Mrs. A..... Bruen, Frank....... Bruening, Joe...... Bruner, Mrs. H. C... Brunsman, Mrs. A.G. Brunswick, Mrs. E.. Brush Hill Bird Club Bruun, Charles A.... Bryant, Dr. Carl H.. Bryant: Mi ibie a 2. Buchanan, R. P..... Buckner; MoN etc: Budd Lake Nature Siudys Clubs. 05. Buel, Miss K. L..... Buffington, Mrs.E.D. Buffum, Mrs. W. P.. Bugbee, Miss E. D. and E. H. Baker.. Bulkeley, Miss A. T. Bulkeley, A. T...... Bulkley, Mrs. E. M.. Bulkley, Jonathan... Bulkley, Joseph E... Bull, Archibald H.. . 478 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Burnham, Dr. C.... Burnham, Mrs. E. F. Burnham, Mrs. G., Jr. Burnham, Mrs. J. A Burnham: JBoss Burnham, Mrs. J. K. Burnham, Miss M.C. Burpee, David... ... Burr Mrs io wee Burr, William H.... Burr, Winthrop..... Burrall, Mrs. M. E.. Burritt, Mrs. C. P... Burroughs - Audubon Nature Club..... Burroughs, G....... Burroughs Junior Au- dubon Society.... Burroughs, Miss L. C. Burt, Miss Edith... Burt, Mrs. F. N..::. Burt, Mrs. John H.. Burt, Miss M. T.... Burton, Mrs. E. F... Burton, Master H... Burton, Robert M... Burton, Mrs. R. M.. Bushnell, Mrs. H. L, Butcher, Howard... Butler, Mrs. A. W... Butler, Rev. E. E... Butler, Miss E. O... Butler, Miss F. C... Butler, Mrs. H. R... Butler, Williard P... Butterworth, Biseshr: Butterworth, ,Mrs.W. Button, Conyers. e5e Button, Mrs. W. H.. Buttrick, Helen B... Butts, Mrs. E. P:... Buxton, Mrs. W. R.. Byers, J. Frederic... Byington, Mrs. L. J. Bytne,-Jamies. 5. ss Cabot, Edward... .. Cabot, George E.... Cabot, Mary R..... Cabot, Powell M.... Cabot-Ward, Mrs. G. Cady, Mrs. Geo. W.. Cady, Walter G.... Cady, William H.... apdar the Aan. oi: Cahoone, W. B...... Cairnalt, W. H...... Caldwell, Guy C.... Caldwell, Mrs. J. H. Calaweth Rey eis: California Audubon DOCUELY 005 bc ee ose Calkins, Mrs. A. H.. COINS. Fo Gee a3: $1 00 10 00 5 900 PEROO 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 AMM AUMNMOUMUMANNHNMOUN fe) ° 25 Calkins, Mrs. W.... Callaway, W. T..... Callery, Master George Lewis..... Cammann, MissI. M. Campbell, Mr. and Mrs. Allen....... Campbell, Donald.. Campbell, H. G.. Campbell, John Bs Campbell, Mrs. T. B. Canby, Mrs. E. T... Caner, Mrs. Charles. Canfield, George F... Cantwell, George G.. Carew, Mrs. L. B.... Carey, Arthur A.... Carey Hache 3 Carey, Miss M. deP. Carlisle, Mrs. J. D... Carlisle, Mrs. W. A.. Carman, Mr. and Mrs Ge 2Woes wes 5s Carnahan, Mrs. M. So Mekeer hice 6) Carne; Mrs Co he, Carola and her Brothers: eo. 53 Carolon, Francis. ... Carpenter, Alice E... Carpenter, C: L.:... Carpenter, Chas. L.. Carpenter, Mrs.E.M. Carpenter, Mrs. G.O. Carpenter,-R.-G. 33.3. Care Genus oie Cart, Moses Boiss: Carr "Mrs 5s.C oc" Carson, Robert D... Carstens, Dr. J. H... Carter, Mrs. E. A... Carter, Po-Hyich oe as Carter, Howard W... Carter; John Bas yes: Carter; Mrs. J.-W. Carter, Richard B.. . Carter, 5.5, isi: Carter, 5. Tisr, Carter, Mrs. wT. Cartwright,Mrs.K. D. Carwin, Mrs. R. N.. Cary, Dr. and Mrs. COMGTIOS oe oe Case, Mrs. G. B...... pial Bites DN Oia en ea Me Case, Miss L. W.... Casebolt, Eo T..:..:. Casement, Mrs. F.M. Casey, Edward P.... Caskey, Paul DD... 3. Cashey, RieGi is Castle, Dr, Fea: Cate, Mrs. Ti Mat: $1 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 Catlin, Miss L. E....$10 00 Caulkins. BB ares. I 00 Cayuga Bird Club CPE) oo oars 90 Ceballos, Lieut. J. M. 5 00 Ceri Mrs. bo Ales a2 500 Chace, Fenner A::.. 200 Chadwick, E. D..... 5 00 Chadwick, J. W..... 200 Chafee; Mrsi Zi. <<: 5 00 Chalfant, Miss I. C.. 5 00 Chamberlain, C. W.. 600 Chamberlain, Mrs. J. Chamberlain, Mrs. Josepuek A ess: 5 00 Chamberlaine, Mrs. DF agi te ae Pee 5 00 Chamberlin, "Miss Aa Me roe ote 25 00 Chamberlin, Mrs. | Es a) eearialg Aer e 5 00 Chamberlin, G...... 5 00 Chamberlin, GEN 506 Chambers, eee ane 5 00 Chandler, Miss Jane. 600 Channon, Harry.... 500 Chapin, Mrs. C. A... 5 00 Chapin, Mrs. E. F... 5 00 Chapin, Mrs. H. B.. 5 00 Chapin, Homer C.. 5 00 Chapin, Horace D... 10 00 Chapin, Mrs. H. K.. 1000 Chapin, Miss M. B.. 5 00 Chapman, B. G.. 5 00 Chapman, C. E.. 5 00 Chapman, Dr. F. M. .105 00 Chapman, Mrs. J. J. 10 00 Chapman, Miss M... 200 Chapman, Mrs.M. D. 5 00 Chapman, Silas, Jr.. 200 Chapman, Mrs. Hartwell: ioscan 5 00 Chappell, Wm. S.... 3 00 Charles, John B..... 5.00 Charlwood, H. J.... 500 Chase, Frederick S.. 15 00 Chase, Miss H. E.... 5 00 Chase, Irving H..... 5 00 Chase, Mrs. M. C. B. 25 00 Chase, Sidney....... 5 00 Chase, Mrs. Theo.. 5 00 Chautauqua Bird and Tree Club.... 10 00 Cheever, James a 5 00 Cheney, Mrs. A..... 5 00 Cheney, Frank, Jr... 30 900 Cheney, Mrs. F. W.. 3 00 Cheney, Mr. and Mrs. George L.... 10 00 Cheney, Mrs. H.. 2 00 Cheney, Louis R. 5 00 Chew, Mrs.. Samuel. 5 00 Child, Rev. D. R.. I 00 List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Childs, Mrs. C. H... Childs, Eversley.... CnNes So Wiese k ss Childs; Wma. Jr... =: Chisolm, B. Ogden. . Choate, Miss C... .. Choate, Miss Mabel. Choate School (The) Christian, Arthur... Christian, Miss E.... Christian, Mrs. M. H. Christian, Miss S.... Christie, Mrs. R. E. Christ Memorial Church School... . Christy, Bayard H... Church Coo. 60 so CPRECR EE AD 5, cate Church: i S20. Church, Mrs. G.. Church, Lee Be Churchill, Miss A. P. Cimmins, Mrs. T.. Civic League of P ROAM GEE, ce cc sss Claflin, Miss A. M... Claflin, Mrs. A. W... Clapp, George H... Clapp, Miss Helen. . Clark, Miss A. B... Clark, Miss A. M.... Clark ‘Mrs. C.D... Clark, Mrs-C Eo. =. Clark Mrso C= Te. Clark, Miss E. M.... Clark, Edward H.... Clark, Mrs. E:°H:.:. Clark. Miss. Bei: Clark, Miss E. M.... Clarks) Pray: dose Clark, Miss E. V.... Clark, George H.... Clark, Mrs. G. M... Clark, Grace Ei. 30. - Clark, Howard L.... Clark, Mrs. J. D.... Clark, Mrs. LeVert.. Clark, Mrs. Louise. . Clark, Miss L. E.... Clark, Miss L. H.. Clark, Mrs.oNe. 3 63 Clark, Miss R. L.. Clark, Mrs. Samuel. Clark, Walter L..... Clarke, Miss F. M... Clarke, Miss H. E... Clarke, Miss L. F... Clarke; Mrs;'P. O-.. Clarke, Miss R. A... Clarke, Thomas S.. . Clarke, Dr. Wm. C.. $5 00 25 00 IO 00 5 00 6 00 IO 00 IO 00 5 00 5 00 2 00 I 00 IO 00 I 00 IO 00 5 00 Clarke, Mr. and Mrs. W. H Clarke, Mrs. W. N.. 5 00 Clarkson, David A.. 500 Clary, Miss E. T.... 100 Clauder, Rudolph... 5 00 Clayburgh, Albert... 10 00 Cleaver, Miss E. K.. 5:00 Cleaves, Howard H.. 5 00 Clement, Neal F.... 10 00 Clements, Mrs.G.H. 5 00 Clephone, Mrs. P.M. 100 Clerk," Mrs AG 600 Cleveland Bird Lovers’ Assn...... 5 00 Cleveland, Mrs. C... 100 Clinch, Judge E.S... 5 00 Clinch, Howard T... 5°00 Chise FW ate. I 00 Clock. Fred’ Ho 2255 5 00 Closson 2H Be 8 25 66 Clowes, Po Js ove. ' 5 00 Clyde, Mrs. G. W... 15 00 Cobb, Miss A. W.... 3 00 Cobb, Edward H.... 100 Cobb; Mrts::Jy S.i2n 5 90 Cocheu, Dr. L. F.... 10-00 Cochran. Gp. I5 00 Cochran, Mrs. G. F.. 5 00 Cochran, Mrs. I. W.. 1 00 Pachtane, Aces he es 5 00 Cochrane, W. S..... 500 Cock; Charles; A. 3-5 00 Cockevill: C;. Gry t= 5 00 Cocoanut Grove Audubon Society.. 5 00 Codman, Miss C. A.. 10 00 Coe, Miss EllaS..... 5000 Coffin, William E.... 5 00 Coghlin, Peter A.... 5 00 Cohen, Judge W. N.. 5 00 Cohn; Julius Mo. 05 60 Coker, Major J. L... 5 00 Colburn, Miss N. E.. 10 00 Colby, Mrs. F. B.... 5 00 Colby, Mrs. F. C.... 5 00 Cole, Mrs. Adelina A. (In Memoriam) 5.00 Cole, Mis. C.J. FS*00, Cole, Miss E. M.... 5 00 Cole, Mrs. Robert C. 5 00 Coleman, George M. 200 Coleman, R. Lewis.. 5 00 Coles, Miss Julia W. 700 Colfax, Schuyler E... 5 00 Colfelt,Mrs. R.McM. 55 00 Colgate, Mrs. A. W.. 5 00 Colgate, Mrs. J. C.... 5 00 Colgate; Rei Ri. a. 10 00 Colgate, William.... 10 00 Collar, Mrs. Milton. 100 Collier, Barron G.... 5 00 Collier, Robert J.... 500 479 Collins, Mrs. A...... $1 00 Collins, Mrs. C. H... 15 00 Collins, By S..62 32 5 00 Collins, Miss G..... 5.00 Collins, Homer..... I 00 Collins, Mrs. L. D... 15 00 Collins, Miss M. C.. 5 00 Collord, Miss Clara. 5 00 Colman, Mrs. i. As.” 1:00 Colorado Audubon SOCIELY oe ee es 10 00 Colorado Museum of Natural History... 5 00 Colt, Miss Jane B... 700 Colton, Miss C. W.. 5 00 Colton, Mrs. Sabin Gr per eae 00 Catiwihue Audubon BOCIOLY Seca es I5 00 Comfort, Miss Annie 5 00 Comstock, Miss B.L. 2 00 Comstock, Miss C. E.. 10 00 Comstock, Miss E.C. 5 00 Comstock, Ji Pree. 5-00 Comstock, Mrs.N.H. 5 00 Comstock, Mrs. R. B. 10 00 Comstock, Mrs. R. H. 15 00 Comstock, W. J..... 500 Conant, Miss C. H.. 5 00 Conant, Mrs. G. W.. 5 00 Concord School... .. 5 00 Cone; Caesar. 5... 2. 5 00 Cone, Mrs. 8. F..... 1.00 Coney, Mrs. G. H... 5 00 Coney, Miss K. E... 5 00 Congdon, Mrs. H. L. 5 00 Conklin, Mrs. W. B.. 1 00 Conlon ahs bist ok, 5 00 Connecticut Audu- bon Society. . 5 00 Connell, Herbert. eh 5 00 Conrad, William.... 10 00 Constable, Mrs. F. A. 10 00 Converse, Albert E.. 1 00 Cook, Mrs. A. E.... 200 Cook; MirsGor'k. os," 800 Cook, Frederick W.. 250 Cook, Mrs. Helen N. 5 00 Cook, Mrs. Joseph.. 200 Gook, Pauly 3.255% 10 00 Cook; Mrs Rd 52 500 Cooke, George J..... 5 00 Cooke, Mrs. H. P... 500 Cooley, Ae Joc 5 2. 5 00 Cooley, Charles P... 5 00 Cooley, Miss E.S... 500 Coolidge, Prof. A.C.. 5 00 Coolidge; JOR»... 10 00 Coolidge, Mrs. L. A.. 10 00 Coolidge, Oliver H.. 5.00 Coolidge. Eto... 25 00 Coope, Mrs. Bertha. 5 00 Cooper, Howard M.. 5 00 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued 480 Cooper, Rev. J. F... $5 00 Cooper, Theodore... 5 00 Cooper, Mrs. T. B... 10 00 Cope, Miss Hy. 05 3 5 00 Cope, Fok, ates. gO Cope, Mrs. Walter.. 5.00 Cope, Mrs::W; Ba.) 75-00 Copeland: Mrs... Stoo Corbin, Richard B... 5 00 Corbin, Mrs. W. H.. 5 00 Cordes, William.... 500 Coriethers, Mrs. M.. 5 00 Corlies, Miss M. L... 5 00 Corliss, Miss M. L... 5 00 Cornell; ii Pe orice. 15 00 Cornell, Mrs. H. P... 5 00 Cornet, Henry S..... 500 Corning, Miss E. A.. 5 00 Corning, Miss M. I.. 50 00 Cornwall, E. L...... 10 00 Cornwall, G. H...... 200 Cornwall, Canc. 35°00 Corte, “Py Lesteriic: < $00 Cory, Daniel W..... 500 Costello, Bs rts I 00 Cottier, Miss M. E.. 5 00 Cotting, Charles E... 5 00 Cottingham, Mrs. Wieser eck 5 00 Cousens, John A.. 5 00 Covell, Mrs. A. Le 2 00 Cowperthwait, i H. 1000 Cox, Douglas F.. 5 00 Cox, Mrs. James T 5 00 Cox Johnie se. 15 00 Coxe, Mrs. Brinton.. 10 00 Coykendall, Mrs. E.. 5 00 Coyle; Miss: 1... - 23 60 Coyle, John Es...) 5 00 Crabbe, Miss M. G.. 5 00 Crabbe, Robert... .. 10 00 Craft, Laura Pua: 2 2.00 Crafts, John W..... 500 Cragin, Miss C.I.... 5 00 Cram, Missi. C... 5-06 Cramer, Mrs. A..... 5 00 Cramer, Mrs. Joseph 1 oo Crane, Mrs. A. A...... 5 00 Crane, Miss Clara L. 20 00 Crane. Myrev Codi; «| 55°00 Crane, Mrs. Ellen J... 5 00 Crane, Mrs. J. H.... 500 Craneo i To Jr i. 8 00 CPANE Ws er cis 5 00 CYANG, Aig Sco a 5 00 Crans, Mise: Ci § 00 Cranshaw, Mr. and Mrs. J. T Fis SOO Cranston, Miss L.... 10 00 Craven, Frank... 5 00 Crawford, George Be 5$200 Crawford, R. L..... 1000 Crawford, William... 5 00 Crawford, W. H..... Creevey, Mrs. J. K.. Crehore, Miss E. T.. Crehore, F. M.. Crehore, Miss Sibyl. Creighton, Miss E. S. Crenshaw, Mrs. W. GB Sa eras Crittenden, MissV. E. Crittenden, ‘Mrs.W. 2 Crocker, Miss D.... Crocker, David..... Grocker; Mrs; D: -.. (STOCK EL Wisi, Sree Crocker, William H.. Crocker, Rev. W. T.. Crockett, Mrs. J. B.. Crockett. Dr. M. A.. Cromie, Mrs. G. H.. Crompton, Miss C. E. Crompton, Miss M.. Crosby ;G. Nise os Crosby, Mrs. S. V.R. Crossett, Mrs. L. A Crouse, George Pas Crouse, J2Roberts.:. Crow, Prof. J. W.... Crowell, Mrs. G. E.. Crowinshield, Mrs. Francis Bees, 2255 Cruft, George T..... Cruikshank, Warren. Crump, Dr. W.G., Jr. Culbertson, Dr. E. B. Cullman, Mrs. Z.... Cumberland County Audubon Society.. Cummings, Mrs. C. Cummings, Mrs.C.K. Cummins, Miss A. M. Cummins, Miss E. I. Curie; Charless si: CNIPTIOR GB Abia: Cie Curry, Mrs. J. B.... Curry; Dr. Me Avs. Curtis, Mrs. C. B.. Curtis, Clara K.. Curtis, Mrs. J. ee Curtis; Mrs.'L. HE... Curtis, Mrs. Louis. . Curtis, Mrs. M. M.. Curtis, Mrs. W.. Curtis, William :.. Curtiss, A. S.. Curtiss, Louwlth. .. Curtiss, Miss Sophia Cushing, FP. Wiccncs Cushing, J. Ce aa Cushing, Miss M. W. $5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 6 00 I 00 55 00 5 00 I0 00 10 00 I5 00 5 00 5 00° 5 00 6 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 I 00 . 3000 5 00 6 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 7 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 Cushing, Milton L. Cushman, Miss A.. . Cushman, Mrs. H. I. Cutler, Mr. and Mrs. Dwight se cca on Cutler, Edward H... Cutler, Mrs. O; H... Cutler; -Robett:. 3.5 Cutler, Mrs. R. W... Cutler, Miss S. B.... Cutler, Mrs. T. D... Cutter, Dr. G. W.... Cutter, Ralph Ladd. Cutting, A. Wayland Cutting, Robert F... Cuyler, Miss E. deG. Date ACs sie as Dake, Mrs. N. N.... Dake, Mrs. W. W... Dalton, Mrs. Wm... Dana, Miss Ada.... Dana, Miss E. A.... Dana, Mrs. H. W... Dane, Mrs. F. 5... . Danforth, Mrs. G. H. Danforth, Mrs. H. G. Danforth, Mrs. W. B. Daniels, Miss E. G.. Dann, William M.. Danner, Mrs. M. S.. Danville Bird Club.. Danziger, J. M...... : Danziger, Max..... Darlington, Mrs.C.F. Darlington, Mrs.H.S. Darlington, Miss M. CTA a oe ees Daugherty, Theo... . Daun, fe Pes se ey Daveis, Edward H. (In Memoriam)... Davenport, Mrs.E.B. Davenport, Fred.... Davidge, William H. Davidson, Mrs. F. S. Davidson, Mrs. G. Davies, Mrs. H. J.. Davies, Mrs. Js C.. Davis, Miss Alice. . DOWS Rot es Davis, George...... Davis, George P..... Davis, Mrs. H. Gi... Davis, Henry J... »+. $2-00 5 00 5 00 List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS. AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Davis, Mrs. Jeffry...$10 00 Davis, Mrs. J. E..... 5.00 Davis, J. Stuart. . 2 00 Davis, Miss Lucy B. 100 Davis, Miss M. G... 10 00 Davis, William T.... 5 00 ‘Davis, Winfield S.... 5 00 Davison, Miss A. M. 5 00 Davison, Miss E. T.. 5 00 Davison, Mrs. S$. T.. 500 Davol, Charles J.... 5 00 Davol, Mrs. Joseph. 5 00 Dawes, Miss E. B... 60 00 Dawes, Miss E. M... 10 00 Day, Mrs. Albert M. 200 Day, Miss C. E.. 5 00 Day, Mrs. G. H., Sr. 10 00 Day; Joseph Pia. 5 00 Day, Miss K.S..... 500 Day, Miss Mary E.. 200 Day, Miss Sarah J... 5 00 Day, Stephen S..°.. . 15 00 Daykin, Pe Besos 2.3 5 00 Deane, Ruthven.... 10 00 DeBary, A..... I5 00 Decker, Mrs. Rk 5 00 Decker, Robert G.. 5 00 DeCoppet, Mrs. E. J. t0 00 DeForest; Cs Sis 52. 5 00 DeForest, Mrs. E.... 5 00 DeForest, H. W..... 55 00 DEE Orest, Lees cc cis I5 00 DeForest, Mrs. Lee. 10 00 DeForest, Sarah A... 5 00 Degener, Jo Power IO 00 DeGraff, James W... 5 00 DeHart, Miss K.S.. 100 DeKalb Wild Life Preservation Soc.. 5.00 Delafield, Mrs. J. R.. 5 00 Delano, Mrs. F. A... 5 00 Delano, Lyman..... 5 00 Del Drago, G::..... 5 00 DeLoach, Prof. R. tain ied ee oe fete) Delta Duck Club. 10 00 DeMilt, Miss A. R.. 5 00 Deming, DOE Bir 5 00 Dempsey, James H.. 5 00 Dening, Julia A... .. I 00 Denison, Mrs. C. C.. 600 Dennen, Rev. E.:J.:..'190:00 Dennie, Miss M. H.. 4 00 Dennis, Arthur W... 500 Dennis, Miss Carrie Pema aha: 2 00 Dennis, y Shane era fore) Dennison, Henry S.. 500 Denny, Miss E. I... 10 (ele) Denny, Mrs. T., Sr... 500 DePree, Dr. Seine By’ 5.00 Derr, Miss: Kanak 5 00 DeSola, Mrs. J.C... 2.00 Despard; CG. Lb... 25, $10°00 Despard, W. D...... 10 00 Detriot Audubon BOC. bos oo ws 5 00 Detriot Bird Pro- tecting Club... 3% 5 00 Detriot Zodlogical Society. aus: 5 00 Devlin, Mrs. J. E.... 5 00 DeVon, Miss M. R.. 3 00 Dewey ;-Dr: C2 A. 20.00 Dewey, Mrs. G. T... 5:00 DeWolf, Mrs. H..... 5:00 DeWolf, Halsey.... 200 Dibble, Mrs. R. W.. 5 00 Dick, Miss Eliza M.. 5 00 Dick, Sheldon...... 5 00 Dickéy GC. Dieses. 5 00 Dickey Donald R.... 5 00 Dickinson, Mrs. C.P. 5 00 Dickinson, F. R..... 500 Dickinson, Dr. G. K. 5 00 Dickson, William C.. 5 00 Dietz Mis. Uc Nee 3560 Dill, Mrs. James B.. 15 00 Dillingham, Mrs. T. ii Se Nx oma Ronee 6 00 Dimock, George E... 5 00 Dimock; Tras. 5 00 Dinsmore, Mrs. W. Si ne ake a oy 10 00 Disston, Mrs. J. S... 5 00 Ditson, Mrs. C. H... 500 Dittmann, Mrs. G.W. 5 00 Dixey, Mrs. R. C.... 5 00 DSS '2e) tea Oe Lanai tern oe 7 00 Dobie, Richard Lis 45 00 Dod, Miss H. M.... 500 Dodge, D. Stuart... 15 00 Dodge, Francis P.... 5 00 Dodge, Mrs. J. M... 15 00 Dodge, Louis L..... 5 00 Doepke, Mrs. W. F.. 10 00 Doerties Be Eis... 8-00 Deeting;.0. °C. es: IO 00 Dominick,Mrs.M.W. 16 00 Don, John. 5 00 Donald, Mrs. F. C.. I 00 Doremus, Mrs, R. P. 30 00 Dorman, Mrs. F. W. 3 00 Dorrance, S$. M..... 500 D F, INS canth 250 00 Doubleday, Mrs. F.N. 500 Doubleday, Mrs. G.. 5 00 Doubleday, Mrs. S. SEQUISG, Poe iG 5 00 Dougherty, Theo.... 5 00 Doughty, Mrs. W.H. 500 Douglas, Miss E..... 5 00 Douglas, Mrs. J..... 15 00 Douglas, Mrs. W. L. 5 00 Douglass, Mrs. C.... 10 00 Douglass, Rie Ds. 4 5 00 Dow, Miss C. B..... $1 00 Dowd, Heman...... 1000 Dows, Tracy: ...... 400 00 Dows, Mrs. Tracy... 5 00 Doylestown Nature CHD cae ee IO 00 Drake, Isabel A..... 10 00 Drake, John B...... 5 00 Pranet (Ace hoc. tee Draper, George A... 5 00 Draper, Wallace S... 5 00 Dray, Mrs. W.S.... 100 Drayton]. C..33. 2s. §-00 Dreier, Theodore.... 5 00 Dresser, Mrs. H. W.. 15 00 Drew, Mrse Ls... y5:00 Dreyer; Charles... I 00 Driggs, Miss M.R... 5 00 Drost; Miss: H..7. "5:5: 00 Drummond, Miss M.1roo oo Dryden, Miss E. M.. 5 00 Dryden, Miss L. M.. 800 DuBois, Mrs. G..... 5 00 DuBois, Dr. M. B... 10 00 DuBois; Wa s.-10.00 Ducker, Miss'S:...+«. 1.00 Dudley, Mrs. E. C... 3.00 Dudley, Mrsiiy). 55.200 Dudley, William B.. 5 00 Duer, Mrs. Denning. 25 00 Duhme, Mrs..L.. 3, ..2 00 Dumaine; Fy Cai: .. 5 00 Dumont, Mrs. J.B... 5.00 Dunbar Eq: 2ve 2. 50 00 Dunbar. es . 3000 Dunbar, Oliver E.... 5 00 Duncan, A. Butler.. 5 00 Dunham, Arthur L.. 5 00 Dunham, Mrs: Ca...) <5 00 Dunham E. K...... 5 00 Dunham, Horace C.. 5 00 Dunlape DAL sso: 5 00 Dunn, Mrs. G. B..... 10 00 Dunn, John W.G... 5000 Dunshee, Mrs. W. H. 15 00 DaPont; (Bacon 5 00 duPonrt-Mrs:-C:). 35:90 DuPont, Eugene.... 5 00 DuPont, Eugene E.. 5 00 DaPonts ha Penick 2 500 duPont, Mr. and Mrs. Pierre $,. ... 60-00 Durand, Mrs. W.... 100 Durham, Poke. 5 00 Duryee, Miss A. B.. 9g 00 Dustan, Dana M. I 00 Dutton, Parry. 2... 3 5 00 DuVillard, H. A.... 5.00 Dwight, John E..... 500 Dwignte Dr ye ns. 5 00 Dycker Mrs.ci. 0... 5-00 Dyer, Mrs. G. R.... 1000 Dyer, Mrs. Ruth C.. 10 00 482 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Eager, Mrs. O. G.... $5 00 Earle, Osborne...... 10 00 Earle, Samuel L..... 5 00 Eastman, Miss Anna ve Fig) ORR oe cde are 2 00 Eastman, George. . . 300 00 Pastman; 9.06 ooo. 400 East Tennessee Audubon Society.. 5 oo Eaton, Mrs. D. C... 75 00 Eaton, Mrs. G. F..... 100 Eaton, Howard..... 5 50 Eaton, Mary S.. 10 00 Eckhardt, Nicholas.. 200 Eckstein, Mary E... 100 Eddy, Miss A. H.... 5 00 Eddy, Miss B. M.... 5 00 Eddy, Mrs. F. W.... 5 00 Eddy, Schuyler B... 5 00 Eddy, William H.... 5 00 Bdgar, Mrs, C.'S2. "5-00 Edmands, Mrs. F.. 3 00 Edmonds, Mrs. W. D. 5 00 Edmunds, Bthel Diy. 2°60 Edson, Wm.L.G.... 5 00 Edwards, Mrs. A.D.. 5 00 Edwards, Miss E.S.. 20 00 Edwards, MissH.C.. 5 00 Edwards, Henry A... 20 00 Edwards, MissL.J... 5 00 BOWATOS 02 so sia I 00 Edwards, Mrs.L.S.. 100 Edwards,O.M...... 5 00 Eells, Mrs. M.S..... 15 00 Efroymson, Mr. and Mrs. Gustave..... I 50 Ehrich, Robert... ... 2 00 Ehrich, Mrs. W. J... 5 00 Eilers, Miss Meta... 500 Eimer, Mrs. M. L... 15 00 Blderfield Ci fn. oS 8-60 Elgin Audubon DOCIELV eases 5 00 Eliot, Charles W.... 10 00 Eliot, MrsoRs oso. 5 00 Ellinwood, Mrs.C.B. 5 00 Elliot, George B..... 200 Elliott, George F.... 500 Elliott, Howard.... 1000 Ellis, Mrs. Emma H. 1 00 Ellis, Mrs. G. M.. I 00 Ellis, Mrs. L. E.. 5 00 Ellsworth, Miss E.R. 206 Ellsworth, John E... 300 Ellsworth, J. M.. 5 00 Ellsworth, James W. 50 00 Elme, David R...... 5 00 Elms, be a fee GAM p nas ae Elser, Albert C...... 25 00 Ely, Miss A. W..... 5 00 Emanuel, J. H., Jr... 5 00 Embury, Miss E. C.. 5 00 Emerson, Mrs. E. W. 8 00 Emerson, Elliot S.... Emerson, Mrs. G. D. Emerson, Julia T.... Emerson, William.... Emery, Miss A...... merry Asis 2. 3. Emery, Frederick L. Emery, Miss G. H... Emery, Miss G...... Emery, Miss L. J... Emmet, Mrs. L. F... Emmons, Mrs. A. B. Emmons, Mrs. R. We Onde ere ee Enggass, Mrs. B.... Englewood Bird Club Cie) ees sews Enlow, Miss E...... Ennis,Gen.W.,U.S.A. Erbacher, Mrs. F. H. Erbstohy Miya Erickson, Mrs. A. W. Erlanger, Abraham.. Erlanger, Milton S.. Ernst, Mrs. H. C.. Erving, WoVoRo eo: Eshbaugh, T. K..... Eshner, Mrs. A. A.. Essick, William S... . Estey, Mrs. Alice R.. Ettorre, Mrs. F. E... Eurich, Mrs. E. F... Eustis, Frederick A.. Eustis, Mrs. G...... Eustis, Mrs. H. H... Eustis, The Misses. . Evans, Dr. Britton D. Evans, Dr. Edward. Evans, Mrs. G...... Evans, Henry O.. Evans, Miss Mildred. Evans, Mrs. R. D.. Evarts, Miss Mary.. Eyerctt, Joes es Evers, Rev.’S. J..... Ewart, Richard H... Ewing, Mrs. Charles. Fabricius, Dr. J. R.. Fackler, David Parks. Fahnestock, William. Fahrney, Miss M. H. Fahy, Mrs. John.... Fair, D. Fairbanks, Mrs. E.C. Fairchild, Benj. T... Fairchild, Mrs. C. S. Fairchild, Mrs. J. R. Falk, H. A ok Falk, OBGAr sapere Farley, Arthur C... $5 00 8 00 5 00 I5 00 5 00 Farmington, Henry.. $5 00 Farnham, Wallace S. 5 00 Farnsworth, J. E.... 100 Farnum, Henry W... 500 Farnum, Mrs. H. W. 5 00 Farrar, Miss E. W... 5 00 Farrel, Miss Estelle. 5 00 Farrel, Mrs. F., Jr... 5:00 Farrel, Miss L. E.... 25 00 Farrell, Mrs. C. P... 5 00 Farrell, James C.... 5 00 Farrell, Mrs. J. C... 5 00 Farrington, Mrs.L.E. 5 00 Farrington, L. W.... 100 Parrish, Dre RvG.cr 2 S00 Fassett, }o Sinvseas 5 00 Fassitt, Miss M..... 500 Faulkner, Mrs. E. D. 5 00 Faulkner, Miss F. M. 10 00 Fauntleroy, Miss J... 5 00 Faxon, Henry M.... 500 Pays Pranks. es 5 00 Pay, Mrs: Hae. 500 Anonymous (L.C.F.) 50 00 F , Ormond ....200 00 Fay, S. Prescott.... 1000 Fearhake, Mrs. E.R. 5 00 Fearing, Daniel B... 5 00 Fearing, Mrs. M. P.. 25 00 Fearon, Mrs. C..... 5 00 Fell, Emma Trego.. 1000 Fellows, Ry Din ve: 5 00 Fendell, Mrs. R..... 500 Fenenden, R. G..... 500 Fentress, Mrs. C.... 5.00 Ferguson, A. L., Jr... 5 00 Ferguson, Miss E. D.. 5 00 Ferguson, Miss F.... 10 00 Ferguson, Mrs. H... 500 Ferguson, Mrs. H... 5 00 Ferguson, Mrs. Mary Vani ass Io 00 Ferguson, Mrs. W... 5 00 Ferris, Eversley S$... 100 Ferris, Miss Ida J... 100 Fessenden, Judge F. Gis Oa ae 5 00 Feustman, L. Pi... 5°00 Fiebing J. Biss 5 00 Field, Miss A. G.. 5 00 Field, Charles H.. 5 00 F ield, BB ernie 3 00 Field, Mrs. W. B. O. 5 00 Filler, Mrs. E. M.. 5 00 Finegan, Mrs. T. E.. 5 00 Finley, William L.. 5 00 Finney, Mrs. E. S... 15 00 Firth, Mrs. John.... 300 Fischer, Miss Anna.. 5 00 Fischer, William H.. 5 00 Fish, Albert Ri... 5 00 Fisher, Miss E. W... to 00 Fisher, Frederic A... 2 00 | P: a se BS Dany, List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Fisher, G. Clyde.... Bisher; Ay Jeske s8 8 Fisher, Mrs. I. T.... Fisher, Prof. Irving.. Fisher, Mrs. J. J... . Fisher, Miss Maud.. Fisher, William P... Hisk- Mrs. BacGeo. Fisk, Mrs. Harry G.. Fiske; Mrs. C, H., Jr. Piske Was oe Fitch, Mrs. Ezra H.. Fitchburg Outdoor Clhubsee eae. Fitz, Mrs. W. Scott. Fitzgerald, Mrs. L... Fitz Gerald, M. C... Fitzhugh, Gen. C. L. Fitzhugh, William M. Fitzpatrick, T. B.. Fitzsimons, Mrs. L. E. Flagg, Miss E. L... Flagg, Dr. Elisha... Flagg, Miss H. V.... Flagg, Herbert H... Flagg, Mrs. S. G., jr. Fleek, Henry. $.:.2.. Fleet, Mrs. J. M. L.. Fleischer, Edward... Fleischmann, Mrs. C. Fleitmann, H. C.... Fletcher, Miss A. C.. Fletcher, Mrs. J. L.. Fletcher, Mrs. T. G.. Flinn, Mrs. Ralph E. Flinn, William...... Flint, Mrs. Alonzo. . Flint, Mrs. Austin. . Flint, Charles R..... Flint, Mrs. Charles R. Florida Audubon So- CIEE iron Scns Floyd, Mrs. E. D.... Floyd, Mrs. Edith M. Floyd, Mrs. W. T... Floyd-Jones, E. H... Fluhrer, Dr. W. T... Follett; RoE. 2 Holling MaDe: Folsom, Mrs. G. W.. Folsom, Miss J. D... Folsom, Miss M. G.. Foot, Ellsworth I.... Foot, Sandford D.. . Foote, George L..... Foote, Wallace H.... Forbes, Mrs. A...... Forbes, Mrs. D. D... Forbes, Edward W.. Forbes, Mrs. J. M... Forbes, Mrs. M. J... Forbes, Mrs. P. R... Forbes, Ralph E..... Forbes, Waldo E... ce foJe) Forbes, William S.. 5 00 Ford, ea I5 00 Ford, Edward R.. 5 00 Ford, Jamies Boo. 100 00 Ford, Mrs. John B.. 500 Ford, Lee M:....... 5 00 Ford, Miss Lesta.... 10.00 Ford, Mrs. Theron.: 200 Fordyce, George L... 10 00 Fordyce, Mrs. J. A.. 15 00 Foreman, Miss E.... 5 00 Foreman, Miss G.... 5 00 Forest Hills Gardens Audubon Society.. 5 00 Forsythe, Frederic. 5 00 Fortnightly Club CPR eee 2 00 Fosburgh, J. W..... 500 Foshay, Dr. P.M... 500 Foster, Miss Alice... 5 00 Foster, Mrs. C. 0... 5 00 Foster, Miss E. P.... 5 00 Foster, Miss ee 5 00 Foster, Frank B.. I5 00 Foster, Jay D.. 5 00 Foster, Miss J. Re 5 00 Foster, Miss M. ‘ast I 00 Foster, Macomb C. 5 00 Foster, Miss S. C..... 5 00 Foster, William B... 5 00 Fowle, Seth A......., 10 00 Fowler, Mrs. E. M.. 5 00 Fowler, George F.... .5 00 Fowler, Mrs. M. K.. 7 00 Fowler, Ralph N.... 5°00 Fowler, Robert A.... 5.00 sag Mrs. R. L., CE eee gee 5 00 Thee fs Mrs: Eo Ps. 2 20 06 Fox, Miss A.M... 5 00 Fox, Miss Hannah. . 5 00 Fox, Dr. Henry... .. 5 00 Pox! William: se: : 5 Frackelton, Mrs.R.J. 100 00 Brancis: HS... veo 5 00 Frank Brothers..... 5 00 Frank, Mrs. Fritz J.. 10 00 Frankfort Bird Club. 5 00 Franklin, MissL.I.P. 5 00 Franklin, Wallace... 100 Pranks, Re Aes 355.55 5 00 Franzen, Aug....... I 00 Fraser, Miss Anna C. 5 00 Fraser, Donald..... 5 00 Fraser, Miss J. K.... 5 00 Fraser, Miss M...... I .00 Frasse, Miss M. L... 5 00 Fray, John S.. 5 00 Freeman, Edgar S 5 00 Freeman, Miss H. E. 20 00 Freeman, Mrs. J. G.. BECK Al Byes oe IO 00 Io 00 483 French, Allen... : $1 co French, Miss C. A... 5 00 French, Daniel C.... 200 Repesch An oo 5 00 Freund, John C....... 5 00 Frey, Miss ©; Dio. t 00 Prrendss 4.00 Fiend Es Wiss os ri 500 PYISsel Ao Die ag oN 5 00 Frost, Edward I..... 5 00 Frothingham, Mrs.. FORD Sates 5 00 Frothingham, J. W.. 15 00 Frothingham. Dr. L. 200 Frothingham, Mrs. } Bey Sane coer are 25 00 Frothingham,Mrs.R. 5 00 Frothingham, R. and Donaldee rool 5 00 Fry, Mrs. Henry 5 00 Baye Th Mie ice 5 00 Fuessenich, F. F.... 5.00 Fuguet, Stephen.... 10 00 Fuller, Mrs. A. G.... 5 00 Fuller,-Mrs. A. O.... 100 Fuller; BYVAL Gre. 5.00 Kulleto Boo a8 OO Fuller, Mrs. G. A.... 1.00 Fuller, Mrs. G. F.... 5 00 Fuller, W. Ee... 2... 4 00 Fullerton, Master D. 5 00 Fulton, Mrs. W.S... 5 00 Furness; Ge Bae 3.0 “25 00 GAH MEATS sear IO 00 Gage, Miss M. C.... 600 Gage, Mrs. S._E.... . 10.00 Gaillard, Mrs.Wm.D. 10 00 Gale, (Cui oS 5 00 Gale, Charles H..... 5 00 Gale, Philip, B,..%°:. 5 00 Galle, Miss Louise.. 15 00 Gatloghy, Ha Bit. 5 00 Gallum, Mrs. A. F... 5 00 Gallup, William A. 500 Galpin gla is 500 Gamble, James N... 1000 Game Protector. ..1,000 00 Gammell, Mrs. R. I.. 20 00 ’ Garber, Miss L. J... 1000 Gardiner: ‘C- Cy; Jr. 5.06 Gardner, Mrs. A. P.. 5 00 Gardner, Dr. C. H... 10 00 Gardner, Mrs. E. P.. 1 00 Gardner, Mrs. G. W. 500 GrATOMe tink Edy viele < 5 00 Gardner, Mrs. T. Y.. 5 00 Garitt, Miss E. W... 500 Garland, Dr; Roy.:3.° 8:00 Garrett, Mrs. E. W.. 10 00 Garrett Poa. o. G: 5 00 Garrett, Miss H. S. 500 Garrett, Mrs. P. C.. 600 Garrett, Robert..... 10 00 484 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Garrett, Mrs. T. H.. $5 00 Garrettson,Mrs.F.P. 600 Garrignes, Mrs. M... 10 00 Garvan, Francis P... 5 00 Garvan, Mrs. F. P... 100 00 Garver, "Mr. and Mrs. Garver, John A..... 1000 Gates, Or A, fe 5 00 Gates, Mrs. John... 2000 Gates, MiloH.,D.D. 500 Gates, Rios ks ee ie OO Gates, Mrs. W. N... 200 Gavit, E. P.. 55 00 Gavit, Miss J. N.. I 00 Gavitt, Wi Ss.5 <7. 15 00 Gay, Mrs. F. L...... 5 00 Gaylord, Donald D. 5 00 Gaylord, Mrs. F. H.. 5 00 Gaylorn, Mrs. F. W. 5 00 Geddes, F. L.. I 00 Geer, Mrs. Walter... 5 00 Geisenheimer, Theo.. 15 00 Geisser, Miss M. T.. 10 00 Gellatly, John...... 5 00 Gelpcke, Miss A. C.. 15 00 Gemmell, R. C.. 5 00 George, Edwin S.. 5 00 George, Mrs. W. W.. 7 00 Gerdtzen, G. A.. 200 Gere, Mrs. K. ‘cpaee 5 00 Gering, rise R.. 5 00 Gerry, Mrs. M. J. a5 fore) Gherardi, B.. IRI OS Giauque, Florien. . 4 50 Gibbs, George...... 5 00 Gibbs, H. BE. A... . 5.09 Gibbs, Mrs. R. M... 5 00 Gibson, Mrs. J. H... 5 00 Gifford Dr. Ths: 30 00 Gifford, Miss M. N.. Gifford, Paul C...... 15 00 Gilbert, Miss A. H... 5 00 Gilbert, Mrs. C.. I 00 Gilbert, Mrs. L. 8 5 00 Gilbert, Wm. A.. 5 00 Gilbertson, a8 Bie, 5 00 Gilchrist, Miss A. T. t0 00 Gilchrist, Mrs. F. B. 100 Gildehaus, H. W.... 5 00 Gilholm, Elgin...... 5 00 Gillespie, -C. E...... 5 00 Gillett, Dr. H. W.... 200 Gillett, Lucy D..... 10 00 Gillette, Mrs. C..... 500 Gillette, Edwin..... 200 Gillmore, Frank.... 5 00 Gillmore, Mrs. J.... 5 00 Gilman, Miss C. T... 5 00 Gilman, Mrs. C..... 500 Gilman, Miss C..... 7.00 Gilmore, Mrs. A. F.. 5 00 Gilmore, Clinton G.. 5 00 Gilpin, Mrs. J. C.... Ginn, Prank Ho. Gladden, George.... Gladding, John R... Gladwin, Harold S... Glazier, Mrs. W. S... Glenn, John M...... Glens Falls Local Birds Club! se c% Glenville Normal Bird Clitb.= aes Glessner, Mrs. J. J.. Glidden, Mrs. F. A.. Glover, Mr. and Mrs. We levine ee: Goadby, Arthur... . Goddard, Miss A. C. Goddard, Mrs. F. N. Goddard, Mrs. F. W. Goddard, G. A...... Goddard, Miss Julia. Goddard, Mrs. Wm.. Godfrey, Mrs. W. H. Godwin, Mrs. H..... Goehring, John M... Goetz, Mrs. Otto... Goff; Mrs: By He 323 Goldfrank, Mrs. M.. Goldsmith, A. W.... Goler, Mrs. F. H.. .. Gonzales, Wm. E.... Good, Miss M. J.... Goodale, Levi C.. ie tate Mrs. James Mie re E. W.. Goodhue, Mrs. F. A. Goodrich, Miss J. T. Goodrich, Miss M. I. Goodrich, Mrs. N. L. Goodspeed, Mrs. W. Goodwin, Miss..... Goodwin, Dr. A. H... Goodwin, Mrs. H. M. Goodwin, Mrs. J. J.. Goodwin, Miss M.S. Goodyear, Mrs. C. W. Gordinier, Dr. H. C. Gordon, Mrs. D..... Gordon, Mrs. M.... Gordon, Mrs. O. F... Gore, John K....... Goérner, Miss E. P... Gorst, Charles C.... Gorton, Miss M. S... Goshen Audubon So- CEU: se eats Goster, Miss Julia... Gotthold, Arthur F.. Goucher, John F.... Gould, Charles A... . Grafflin, Mrs. W. H.. Graham, Charles E.. Graham, Charles J... Graham, Mrs. E. J.. Graham, Mary D... GrametyWcAG eo Grammer, Mrs. M. LOR ee eek aces Grandin, Mrs. G. W. Granniss Cio. Grant, Claudius B... Grant, Mrs. M. K... Grasselli, C.°A.. 2%. Grasselli, Miss J..... Graves, Mrs. E. A... Graves, Mrs. H. S... Gray, Charles H..... Gray, Miss E. W.... ‘Gray, Miss Emily... Gray, Henry G...... Gray, Miss Isa E.... Gray, Mrs. Morris. . Gray, Mrs. Philip H. Gray, Roland....... Gray; Russell... 2... Graydon, Mrs. C.. Graydon, Mrs. F. W. Greeff, Donald C... Greeff, Ernest F.. Green, G. Ae Greene, Arthur D... Greene, A.B... cis. Greene, Miss C. C... Greene, Mrs. E. F... Greene, Gardiner... Greene, Miss M. A.. Greene, Sarah M.... Greenough, D.S.... Greenwood, Miles... Greer, Mrs. Almira.. Gregory, Mrs. A. K.. Gregory,.C. Bir s.ny Gregory: Re Joos es5 Gregory, Mrs. R. B.. Grew, Mrs. E. W.... Grew, Mrs. H.S... Gribbel, Mrs. John.. Griffin, Miss A. N... Griffin, Mrs. E. C... Griffin, Mrs. S. B.... Griffith, Miss S. D... Griscom; Co Acces 3. Griscom, Mrs. C. A.. Grissinger, Elwood. . Griswold, Mrs. C., Sr. $5 00 5 00 5 00 200 10 00 2 00 2 00 5 00 I5 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 5 00 I 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 I 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 I 00 5 00 5 00 5 00. 5 00 IO 00 2 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 Se Arar Sa RO! List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Groesbeck, Telford.. $5 00 Grossmann,Mrs.E.A. 200 Grosvenor, G. H.... 5 00 Groton Bird Club... 5 00 Grover, Mrs. A. B.... 5 00 Grow, Miss Helen .. 3 00 Grundner, Mo... 5 00 Hamien bP es Hamlin, Mrs. C. S... Hamlin, Mrs. E. F... Hamlin; G. P;, Jr..<. Hamlin, Mrs. Harry. Hamlin, 0. O-..4 2: Hammar; S.A. S.:.7 Hammond, Mrs.E. P. Hammond, Mrs. J.H. Handy, Mrs. M. A.. Hanks, Miss L. T... Hanna,Mrs.H.M.Jr., Hanna, Miss M. W.. Hannaford, J. M.... Hannah, Charles ay Hannum, W. E.. Hanscom, C. RB. Hansen, Miss E. L.. Harbeck, Mrs. E. & Harbison, Mrs. H... Harbison, R. W..... Harbison, W. A..... $2 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 3 00 5 00 2 00 I5 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 7 5° 5 00 15 00 15 00 I 00 5 00 25 00 Hardenbagh, Miss Adelaide C.. 23 -. 5 00 Harding, Emor H... Hardon, Mrs. H. W. Hardy, Evelina C... Hardy, James E.. Hardy, Mrs. R.. 5 00 3 00 10 00 I co 10 00 Guernsey, Henry W. 10 00 Gunderson,Mrs.G.B. 5 00 Gunn, Elisha....... 5 00 Gurnee, Mrs. W.S.. 5.00 Guthrie, Mrs. T. W.. 700 Gutman, DeWitt... 500 Gyger, Edgar G..... 2.00 Haas, Mrs. C. W.... 5 00 Haas, Miss Edith... 10 00 Haass, Mrs. L. H.... 25 00 Hackney, Walter S.. 500 Hadden, Alexander... 5 00 Hadley, Mrs. A. P.... 5 00 Hadley, Miss M. eer Haerle, Mrs. G. C... 5 00 Haeussler, H. A..... 200 Hafer, Miss E. N:... 5 00 Hagar, Eugene B.... 5 00 Hager, George W... 200 Magers Kank -2 > 5 00 Hager, W.M.... - 7 =. 5 00 Haggin, Mrs. B. A... 5 00 Haigh, Henry A..... 500 Haight, Miss F...... 5 00 Hailman, J.sDs 23% 5 00 Haines, Charles D... 10 00 Haines, Miss Emily. 1 00 Haines, Mrs. E..C... 500 Haines, Reuben .... 5 00 Hale, Mrs. Clarence. 5 00 Hale, Cleveland C... 5 00 Hale, Thomas, 3rd.._ 1 00 alien Nery Ser 5206 Hall, Miss C. M..... 5.00 Hall, Edward E..... 10 00 Hall, Gaylord C..... 100 Hall, Mrs. John H... 5 00 all, Lewis Bio 6s: 5 00 Hall, Orlando... “5:00 Wall, Miss: S2@0 o2.2. S00 Hall, William L...... 500 Halle, S. Portland... 5 00 Hallett; Wor. Ro... 500 Halsey, Mrs. F. R... 5 00 Halsey, H.. V. W.).: 5-00 Halsey, Miss S. E... 100 Halsted, David C.... 5 00 Halsted, Emma A... 100 Hambleton, Mrs.J.W. 5.00 Hamersley, Gordon.. 10 00 Hamill, Mrs. E. A... 5 00 Hamilton, Mrs.C.S. 5 00 Hamilton, Miss E.S. 5 00 Hamilton, Mrs. H.R. to 00 Hamilton, Mrs. Wm. 5 00 Hamilton, Mrs.W.P. 5 00 Harkness, Miss c Rou fete) Harkness, David W.. 10 00 Harkness, Edw. S... 25 00 Harkness,Miss M. G. 11 00 Harmon, Mrs. F. D.. 5 00 Harmon, Judson.... 15 00 Bar OCCy ges eat 5 90 Harper, Mrs. G. W.. 400 Peeeral ee Wie cis 5 00 Harral, Mrs. E. W... 10 00 Harrington, G. W... 200 Harris, Alfred... 5 00 Harris, Miss Amy E. 4 00 Harris, A. H., 2nd.. 200 Harris, Miss F. K... 5 00 Harris, George W:.. 5 00 Harris HSB eee: <56o Harris, Henry U;2..< 5:00 Harris, John Fy... .: 5 00 Harris, Mrs. J. F...- 5.00 Harris, John Upham. 5 00 Barris Ue ies 5 00 Harris, Miss M. M.. 5 00 Harris, Mrs. W. H... 5 00 Harrison, Alfred C... 100 00 Harrison; Bo Jess. 5 00 Harrison, Mrs. C.... 5 00 Harrison, G. L., Jr... 10 00 Harrison, Harry W.. 20 00 Harrison, Miss J.... 200 Harrison, Mrs. M. J. 5 00 Harrison, Mrs. M.L. 5 00 Harrison, Mrs. Perry 5 00 Harron, Master H.I. 200 Harroun, Mrs. A. K. Harroun, Elliot K... Harrowes, Miss C. W. Harry, Mrs. Joseph. Hart, Mrs. Harry... Hart, Mrs. Jay H... Hart, tane-s.20 Hart, Miss M. T.... Harte, Mrs. R. H.... Hartness, Mrs. Jas... Hartshorn, H. Ira... Hartshorn, Mrs. S... Hartshorne, E. C., Jr. Hartwell, Mrs. C. S.. Harvey, Edward J... Hatvey, Je occ: Harvey, LeRoy... .. Harwood, G. F Hasbrouck, H. C.... Hasbrouck, Mrs.H.C. Hasbrouck, Dr. and Mrs. J.Roswell... ge eae Haselton, Mrs. A. S.. Haskell, Miss H. P.. Haskell, Mrs. L. A. (In Memoriam)... Haskins, Miss S. F.. Hasler, Bit oot Hastings, Miss A. O. Hase, Mrs. Hastings, Mrs. C.. Hastings, Mrs. M. J Hastings, Morris. . Hastings, Mrs. T.. Hastings, W. R..... Hatch, Miss C. C... Hatch, Mrs. H. R... Hathaway, Mrs. H Hatton, Julian B.... Hauck, Louis J... ... Haueisen, William. . Hauge, William C... Haupt, Dr. Louis... Havemeyer, H. O... Havemeyer, John C. Havemeyer, T. A.... Havemyer, Mrs. H.. Hawkes, Miss Eva.. Hawkes, Mrs. McD.. Hawkins, Mrs. E. D. Hawkins, Mrs. R.... Hawley, George B.. Hawley, J. B.. Hawley, Mrs. 2 ioe Hay, Clarence L.. BI AV TAO? res cou te east s Hayes, Edmund.... Hayes, Mrs. O. H... Hayes, Mrs. W. V. V. Hayes- Smith, Mrs. Haynes, Miss C. C.. Haynes, Miss L. deF. Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued BIAS. BetV co atten cas Bb, Saat. Hazard: Re Gee a le Hazen, Miss E. H... Hazzard, Mrs. R. P.. Heacock, Miss E.... Head, Mrs: W.. Lc, Healy, A. Augustus. Heard, Mrs. D. B.. Heard, Dr. Mary A.. Hearst, Mrs. P. A.. Heasley, Mrs. P. 0. Heath Aye. Heaton; Sie. cok > Hecker, Frank J..... Heckscher, Mrs. M.. Hedge, Henry R..... Hedstrom, Mrs. A. E. Heft; Mrsi N. Heo. : Hegeman, B. A., Jr.. Hegeman, Mrs. M.A. Heide, Henry..... Helm; Louis, 2300. Helme, Mrs. G. A... Henbach, Mrs. G.... Hencken, Mrs. A. C. Hendee, George M.. Henderson, John B.. Henderson, William. Hendrickson, J. H... Henderickson, W. F. Hendry, Mrs. E. W.. Henn, Richard L.... Henry, Mrs. J. H.... Henry, Stuart...... Henry, W. G....... Henshaw, F. W..... ErentZ,, ELearycs 77. Hentz, Leonard S.. . Hepburn, Miss Nina. Herget, John... .... Hering, W. EB... Herman, Mrs. H. S.. Hermann, J. Philip.. Heroy, Miss A. P.... Herr, Edwin M..... Herrick, Francis H.. Herrick, Harold..... Herrick, Mrs. W. W. H , 2 Wall St. Hersey, The Misses. Herz, Mrs. F. W.... Hessenbruch, Mrs.H.. Heurtley, Arthur.... Hewitt, Miss E. G... Pewson; Joo Heydrick, Miss H.. . Heyn, Miss Emma. . Heywood, Mrs.H.B... Heywood, John C... Hibbard, Mrs. A. S.. Hibbard, Mrs. L. B.. $5 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 5 00 50 00 25 00 LO 00 5 90 25 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 30 00 5 00 . 25.00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 15 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 90 IO 00 5 00 30 00 2 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 I5 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 I0 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 8 00 5 00 I 00 10 00 I5 00 Hibbard, Thomas... $2 00 Hibben, Mrs. Thos.. 5 00 Hibbs, Mrs. R. A.... 5 00 Hicks, Hoo ss. I 00 Hidden, Walter..... 20 00 Higbie, James S.. 5 00 Higgins, James - 5 00 Higgins, Mr. and Mrs. John W..... 200 Hildreth, Emily E... 600 Hilken, Henry G.:.. 500 Hill, Donald M..... 20 00 Hill, Miss Elizabeth. 1 00 Hill James Aa. soca. 10 00 Hill, Mrs. Lew C.... 10 00 Hill, Mrs. Lysander. 5 00 Hill, Miss $..E.: >... II0 00 Hill, Walker. 2 oso. 5 00 Fu De Wm Pe 1). OO Hilliard, Thomas G.. 5 00 Hills, Mrs. E. A... .. 5:00 Hills, Mrs. G. F....;.° 1:00 Hills, Mrs. James M. 200 Hinckley, Mrs. F.. 5 00 Hinckley, Mrs. M. V. 65 00 Hines, D. L.. ot ROO Hines, Mrs. W. Bs: 5 00 Hinman, Miss E.. 5 00 Hinson, yee cee 5 00 Pitch Mrs. PicDi 5 06 Hitchcock, Mrs. C... 5 00 Hittinger, Jacob. ... 10 00 Hoadby,H. Ax. 2s = 5 00 Hoadley, Frank E... 5 00 Hobbs, Mrs. C. A... 5 00 Hodenpyl,Mrs. A.G. 5 00 Hodenpyl, Mrs. E... 5 00 Hodge, Mrs. W. F... 400 Hodgman,Mrs.W.L.. 5 00 Hodson, Mrs. H. P.. 5 00 Hoe, Richard M..... 8000 Hoe, Mrs. R. M..... 55 00 Hoe, William J...... 5.00 Hoening, Mrs. C.... 500 Hofer, Miss E. J.... 5 00 Hoffecker,Mrs.G.R.. 5 00 Hoffman, Mrs. C. A. 10 00 Hoffman, F. B...... 5 00 Hoffman, RoC... 5 00 Hogan, Miss L. P... 5 00 Hoge Cs Cite oie 5°06 Hogeman, Mrs. E. J. 2 00 Hoggson, W. J...... 5 00 Holahan, Thomas... 5 00 Holbrook, Mrs. E... 5 00 Holbrook, Mrs. F... 500 Holbrook, Mrs.N.D. 5 00 Holcombe,Mrs.J.M.. 600 Holden, Bi Fe. cs :8 60 Holden, Mrs. G. A... 10 00 Holden, Mrs. L. D... 5 00 Holland. Ri Aas 22.08 5500 Hollenback, MissA.B. ro 00 Hollerith, Fo... $5 00 Pious, Gr Vas Fs 5 00 Hollister, Mrs. H. C. 5 00 Holmes, Mrs. C. B.. 2 00 Holmes, Ge ore: 5 00 Holmes, Dio. 2. 5 00 Holmes, Miss H. D.. 1 00 Holmes, John A..... 500 Holmes, Mrs. J. R... 5 00 Holt, Miss Celia.... 5 00 Holt, Mrs. Henry... 10 00 Holt be Gee oes IO 00 Holt Mrs oR Sic. 3. 00 Holt, Sidney S...... 15 00 Holter, Mrs. 8. 5S.... 5 00 Holton, Oliver W.... 5 00 Holzer, Mrs. P. L... 5 00 Homans, Mrs. John. 5 00 Homer, Francis T... 5 00 Homer, Mrs. F. T... 5 00 Hood, Mrs.cC. He. = =: 5:60 Hood, Mrs. J. M.... 600 Hooker, Mrs. K..... 500 Hooper, Miss I. R... 10 00 Hooper, Mrs. J. R... 5 00 Hooper, Miss M. ee 3 00 Hooper, Mrs. Newlin 5 00 Hoopes, Eugene S... 5 00 Hoopes, Mrs. M.. 5 00 Hoopes, Mrs. T. W.. 5 00 Hoot, William B.. 5 00 Hoover, ate pl W.. 5 00 Hoover, a . I0 00 Hope, ‘, ie Se 20 00 Hopedale Park Com. 5 00 Hopekirk, Mme. H.. 5 00 Hopkins, ’Archibald.. 5 00 Hopkins, Miss A. D. 5 00 Hopkins, Mrs. E. L.. 5 00 Hopkins, Mrs. G. B. 5 00 Hopkins, James.. 5 00 Hopkins, Russell. . 5 00 Hoppin, Charles A.. 15 00 Hoppin, Mrs. S.C, W. 5 00 Hopson, Mrs. W. F.. 5 00 Hord, John EL, 5 00 Hornbiower, H.. I5 00 Hornbrook, Miss Emily Virginia.. 2 00 Horner, Charles oye fofe) Horsfall, R. Bruce... 5 00 Horsford, Miss C. C. Pg ie Seer fe oe 30 00 Horsky;.b: Onc ons 5 00 Horton. Moe oes I 00 Horton, Mrs. M. B.. 5 00 Hortsman, MissI. E. 5 00 Hotchkiss, Frank A.. 5 00 Hotchkiss, Henry L.. 5 00 Houghton, C.S..... 25 00 Houghton, MissE.G.. 25 00 Houghton, Mrs.F.0.. 5 00 Houghton,Mrs.G.N. 1 00 List of Members 487 ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Housmann, Mrs.A.A.$20 00 Hovey, Burton M... 600 Howard Orphanage and Ind. School... 1 00 Howe, Albert....... 2 00 Howe, GeneA....... 25 00 Howe, Mrs.G.D.... 5 00 Howe, Prof. H. M.... 10 00 Howe, Mrs. J.P..... 500 Howe, Mrs. Lucien.. 15 00 Howe, Mrs.5.P..... °° 5:00 Howes, FL. 6... 5 00 Howland, Miss C. E. 5 00 Howland, Emily.... 10 00 Howland, Miss Isabel 10 00 Howland, Dr. John.. 5 00 Howland, Mrs. J. G. 5 00 Howland, Mrs. Jos... 5 00 Hoyt, Mrs; A. € 2 25:00 Hoyt, Mrs. hi2C s.052 500 Hoyt, George H..... 500 Hoyt, George S..... 500 Hoyt, Gerald L..... 500 Hoyt. Mrs.:f. Si. 52.1560 Hoyt, N. Landon... 500 Hoyt, Miss R.S.... 500 Hoyt, Theodore R... 5 00 Hoyt, Mrs. William. 5 00 Hubbard, Mrs. C. W. 30 00 Hubbard, Lucius L.. 10 00 Hubbard, Miss M.E. 200 Hubbard, MissM.G. 5 00 Hubbard, Walter C.. 5.00 Hubbards: We Pos cs 5-00 Hubbell, Miss Helena 5 00 Hubbell, James F... 5 00 Hubby, Miss EllaF. 5 00 Huber, Miss G...... 5 00 Huber, Mrs. J. M... 500 Hudnutt, MissM.M. 5 00 Budson;. PK. 500 Fucter by ae en 2 $00 Hufnagel, -B: M..:.. 5:00 Huger, Miss M.E.,3d 5 00 Huidekoper, Edgar.. 5 00 Hulbert, G. Bertram. 5 00 Hull, Mrs. Baker.... 5 00 Hull, Mrs. G. W.... 5 00 Hiulst, MrenG. Dn. 5 60 Humphreys, F. E.... 15 00 Hun, Mrs. L. M.H.. 500 Hungerford,Mrs.L.L. 5 00 Hunicke, Mrs. M. A. 1 00 Hunneman, W. C... 1000 Hunnewell, Mrs. A.. 10 00 Hunnewell, Walter.. 20 00 Hunt, Dr. Be W..4... 500 Hunt, Dr. Emily G.. 5 00 Hunter, A. M., Jr.. 5 00 Hunter, George W... 5 00 Hunter, Mrs. W. R.. 5 00 Hunting, Mrs. N.S.. 100 Huntington,Mrs.E.A. 6 00 Huntington, F. J... .$15 oo Huntington, Howard 5 00 Huntington,Mrs.R.P. 5 00 Huntington,R.W.,Jr. 5 00 Hupfel, Adolph G... 10 00 Hurd, Miss Elizabeth 10 00 Hurd: Droee Mio. 5-60 Hurlburt, Miss A.M. 5 00 Hussey, William H.. 5 00 Huston, Mrs. M..... 100 Hutchings, Miss M.. 1 00 Hutchins, Mrs. E.W. 5 00 Hutchings, W.'S..5.05;.5§°00 Hutchinson, J. B.... 500 Hutchison, Mrs. Miller Reese...... 5 00 Hutzler, George H 5 00 Huxley; Fos... 3 00 Hyde, A. Sidney.... 25 Hyde, Mrs. A. S..... 10 00 Hyde, Arthur S..... 500 Hyde, Mrs. C. M.... 500 Hyde, Mrs. E. F.. ..105 00 Hyde, E. Pratt. .... Hyde, Dr: EF. Ee. = Hyde, Mrs. W. T.... Tasigi, Mrs. Oscar... Ide; Henry C....... Ide, Mrs. James M.. Ill, Dr. Edward J..... 5 00 Imbrie, Mrs. James. 500 Indiana Audubon So- CLELY te keke 5 00 Ingalls? Ags... < 20 00 Ingalls, Fay oc ier Inslee, Stephen D.. . Ireland, Miss C. I... Irvine, Frank....... Sewer, John Vira. Iselin, Mrs. C. Oliver I0 00 70 00 Iselin, Miss G....... 2500 Iselin, Mrs. W. E.... . 5 00 ESOL, OW. Bescon sia art 5 00 Issenhuth, E.C eas SOO dyes) Ge eyes 5 00 VAG tbe dale ic, 5 00 Jackman, Edwin S.. 10 00 Jackson, Miss A. P.. 5 00 Jackson,Benjamin A. 5 00 Jackson, Mrs. C..... 500 Jackson, Mrs. E. E.. 5 00 Jackson, F. E.. 2.00 Jackson, Miss M.C.. 1000 Jackson, Martin F... 5 00 Jackson, Miss M. ‘= I5 00 Faeksone Sy Vos 10 00 Jackson, Mrs. T. G.. 10 00 Jacob, Lawrence.... 500 Jacobs, Dr. H. B.... 10 00 Jacobs; ‘J, Warren, ; "5-00 Jacobs, Miss M..... 200 Jacobs, Samuel K... 5 00 Jacobus, John S..... 10 00 James, Miss A. A.... $5 00 James, Carrie M.... 500 James, Mrs. Ellen F. 10 00 James, George Abbot 5 00 James, Henry, Jr.... 5 00 James, Miss M...... 5 00 James, Mrs. W..... 10.00 Jameson, Mrs. S. B.. | 5 00 Jamieson, Malcolm.. 5 00 Janney; EuBipye ran: 5 00 Janssen, Henry..... 5 00 Janssen, Mrs. H. W. 5 00 Jaques, H..P.. 5 00 Jaretzki, Mrs. Alfred. 15 00 Jarves, Miss Flora.. 15 00 Jay, Mrs. Augustus. 5 00 Jaynes, Mrs. C. W... 400 Jencks, Frederic T.. 10 00 Jenkins, Mrs. A. C.. 5 00 Jenkins, AvW.. 5. 3 5 00 Jenkins, Miss L..... 5 00 Jenkins, Marion G... 10 00 Jenkins, Robert H... 10 00 Jenkinson, Miss G... | 5 00 Jenks, Miss C. E.... 5 00 Jenks, Miss Lydie D. 1 00 Jenks, Miss Meta E. 1 00 Jenks, William...... Jenks, Mrs. W. F.. Jenks, Master W. Se I 00 Jenness, Charles G.. 1 00 Jennings, Miss A.B. Jennings, Mrs. A. F. 5 00 Jennings, Edward B. 5 00 Jennings, Mrs. F. C. 5 00 Jennings, Dr. G. H.. 7 00 Jennings, Mrs. O. G. Jennings, Walter... . Jensen, Jens. cose ls 5 Jeremiah }s 00: on 5 Jericho Public School 1 Jermain, Miss M. C. 5 00 Jesup, Charles M.. 5 Jesup, Richard M.. 5 Jewett, E. H.. 20 Jewett, William eS 30 00 Jilson, Miss E. B.. 5 00 Job, Herbert K..... 5 00 John, Charles H..... 5 00 Johnson, Rev. A. E.. 5 00 Johnson, Miss A. R.. 5 00 Johnson, Mrs. A. S.. 5 00 Johnson, Mrs. C. H.. 1 00 Johnson & Co., C. J. 5 00 Johnson, Mrs. “ &.. 5266 Johnson, Mrs. C. M. 5 00 Johnson, Mrs. C. E.. 5 00 Johnson, Edward C.. 10 00 Johnson, Mrs. F.S.. 5 00 Johnson, Miss H. E. 5 00 Johnson, Mr. and Mire Ee eee. 2... IO 00 Johnson, Mrs. H. M. 5 00 488 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Johnson, J. M... Johnson, Lewis J.. Johnson, Miss M. A. Johnson, Miss M. W. Johnson, Paul F..... Johnston, John W... JONEp ; LONTY 23 Jonas, James A..... Jones, Mrs. Adam L. Jones, Alfred W..... Jones, Miss A. H.... Jones, Miss A. D...: Jones Arthur, E..... Jones, Boyd B...... Jones, Mrs. C. W.... Jones, Miss Emma C. Jones; Mrs. FG;.).:. Jones, Miss Grace A. Jones, Mrs. H. K.... Jones, Miss Helen L. Jones, Mrs. J. B.. Jones, J. S.. J Jones, Dr. Jos. W.L. Jones, Mrs. Wm. L.. Jordan, A. H. B..... Jordan, Charles L Jordan, Gilbert..... Jordan, Pomeroy... . Joseph, Tsaaesc Joseph, Mrs. JacobG. Joseph, Mrs. L...°>. Judd, Mrs. M. E.... Judson, Mrs. A. L... Judson, Mrs. E.R... Judson, Henry I..... Jungbluth, Karl... . Junior Audubon So- ciety..(The). a8 Justice, Henry). Kaestner, Edward... Kabir AOttO dss ee. Kahn Dr Re jie. Kane, Mrs. DeL.... Kanouse, Miss M. F. Katz, Eugene....... Kauffman, R. K., Jr. Kean, “Mis- oe Bs. Keck, Miss M. W.. . Keehn, George W... Keeler, Miss H. L... Keep, Charles M.... Keep, Mrs. F. A... Keidel, Mrs. Charles. Keith, Mrs. D. M... Keith, Edward D.... Keith, Harold H.... Keith, Miss Laura K. Keith, Robert. ..... Keller, Ferdinand... Kelley, Mrs. A. F... Kellogg, C. V. W.... Kellogg, Francis J... . $5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 500 IO 00 200 feYe) foYo) fofe) fofe) foYo) rele) feYo) fete) (ole) (efe) fof) Ny Lan NUNN HONK I 00 T5 5.00 10 00 2 00 5 00 5 00 Kellogg, Mrs. F. P... Kellogg; Ra eer a4 Kellogg, Howard.... Kellogg, Mrs. M. G.. Kellogg, Miss M. M. Kellogg, William S.. Kellogg, Mrs. Wm. S. Kelly, Miss M. B.... Kemeys, Walter S.. . Kempster, James... . Kempster, James Printing Co. 32% Kendall, Miss G..... Kendall, Mrs. S. D.. Kennard, Fs H...2 Kennedy, David A.. Kennedy, Elijah R.. Kennedy, Dr. Harris. Kennedy, Mrs. J. S.. Kennedy, Mrs. N. Van Rensselaer... Kennedy, W. M..... Kent, Edward G.. .. Kent, Edwin C...... Kent, Sherman. Kentucky Audubon SOCIELY ss fia Kenworthey, E. M.. Kenyon, Wm. H.... Kenyon, W. W...... Kerley, Dr. Chas. G. Kerr, Mrs. John €... Kerr, Miss Lois..... Kerwin, Mrs. A. S.. Keuffel, W. G.. Keyes, ‘Mrs. E. L. Jr. Keyser, Leander 9 Keyser) MicAG ss 47 4: Kez-hi-kone Camp Fire Girls 35 va Kibbe, Mrs. H. G... Kidder, Nathaniel T. Kiery Mrs. Wo. Kilmer, Mrs. W. S... Biber S33 Kimball, Mrs. A. R.. Kimball, Mrs. E. R.. Kimball, Fred M.... Kimball, Helen F.... Kimball, Mrs. L. C. (In Memoriam)... Kimball, Miss Lulu S. Kimball, Miss M. S.. Kimball, Mrs. R. B.. Kimball, W. F...... Kimball, Walter H.. Kimball, W. W..... Kimberlin, Dr. A. C. Kimmerle, Miss C... King, Miss Carol. King, Charles Dis King, Miss Mabel D. $1 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 King, Mrs. Ralph... King, R. N King, Mrs. W. V.... Kingsford, D. P..... Kingsley, Mrs. W. L. Kinne, Miss Helen. . Kinne, Lucius M.... Kirk, Walter R..... Kirkbride, Mrs. F.. Kirkby,Mrs. MaryG. Kirkham, Mrs. J. W. Kirkham, William B. Kite, Miss A. E..... Kittredge,’S. D...:.. Kleeberg, G. S:P 7: Kleinschmidt, Miss Klingenstein, Mrs. Charles ‘Ke aa 2 Knapp, Miss ClaraA. Knapp, Mrs. M. H... Knauth, Mrs. W.... Kneeland, Frances. . Knight, Mrs. A. S... Knight, Mrs. W..... Knowlton, Eben B.. Knowlton, Mrs.M.R. Knowlton, W. M.... Kobbes PD. Biotic Rochler, Hs foc Kohler, Miss M. E.. Kohlsaat, Miss E. M. Kohn, Miss C. M... Kolb, Reuben...... Krohn, Irwin M..... Krumbhaar, G. D.. Kudlich, Miss M.. Kuehn, Otto L.. Kuithan, Emil F.. .. Kuppenheimer, Mrs. J Kyle, Alfred J.-.... Kyle, William S..... Lacey, Milton S..... Ladd, Neil Morrow. La Farge, Mrs. C. G. Lagowitz, Miss H. L. Laidlaw, Mrs. J. L.. Laird, Mrs. Wm. H.. Lake Placid Club. Lake; Mrs. W.-E..... Lamb, Mrs. A. Roe Lamb, Gilbert D.... Lambert, Miss M. E. La Montagne, Mrs. Maurice... 6.45. La Monte, Mrs. G. M. Lamprey, Miss M. E. Lanahan, Frank J... 5 00 10 00 2 00 700 5 00 List of Members 489 ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Lancashire, Mrs. J. H.$10 00 Lancaster, H. C I 00 Lands). Soe. 10 00 Landers, Mrs. C.S.. 5 00 Lane, Henry B...... 700 Lane, James W., Jr... 5 00 Lane,, Miss M. L.... 15 00 Lang, Albion E..... 5000 Pane renry 5c: 10 00 Lang; Louis Pe; .. 2.00 Lanier, Charles. .... 5 00 Lanier, Mrs. J. F. D. 5 00 Lannan, Mrs. J. T... 2.00 Lansing Gr Voi. 10 00 Lansing, Mrs. G. Y..100 00 Lansing,” jo- bal bina $5.00 Lapham, Anna W... 5 00 Lapham, Mrs. L. H. 500 Larkin, Charles H... 10 00 Larned, Miss Mary. 100 Lauder, Miss E. S... 10 00 Lathrop, Mrs. B.... 5 00 Lathrop, Miss E. A.. 5 00 LaVié, George A.... 10 00 Law, Mrs. B. W..... 5 00 Law, Rev. Marion.. 500 Lawrence, Miss E.A.~ 5 00 Lawrence, Mrs. G.R. 5 00 Lawrence, Mrs. J.... 5 00 Lawrence: |, B; 40:2 10: 60 Lawrence, fF. So. 2... 5 00 Lawrence, Miss M.S. 5 00 Lawrence, Towsend. 500 Lawrence,Mrs.W.H. 1 50 Lawton ho Aves so; 6 00 Lawton, Mrs. R. M.. 5 00 Lawton, Mrs. Wm... 5 00 Lay, Mr. and Mrs. Pe lracyeer sa I 00 Layton, Frederick... 500 Leach, Mrs. A. E..... 5 00 Lear, George.....:.. I 00 Lecompte, Frank E.. 5 00 Ledoux, Mrs. A. R.. 1000 Lee, Mrs. Arthur... 1000 ee, Avand: jab. 5-00 Lee, Miss Florence... 600 Lees Protech: Sis. 5 00 Lee, Mrs. George B.. 5 00 Lee, Mrs. John: C..:. °-5.00 Lee; joseph: e665 0.55 5 00 bee samuel... 5 00 Lee; Mrs W.. C:. 3 -§00 Leééds, Miss-F. Fl. = 5 00 Lefferts, Miss L..... 1 00 Lehmaier, Mrs. L. A. 5 00 Lehman, Meyer H... 7 50 Le Huray, Miss L... 100 Leidy, Carter R..... 1000 Leigh, B. Watkins.. 1000 Leigh, Mrs. E. L.... 5 00 Leiper, Mrs. J. G.... 2 00 Leister, Mrs. BP... 5 00 Leiter, Joseph. ..... $10 00 Leland, Mrs. Amory. 5 00 Leland, Wilfred C... 5.00 Leman, J. Howard.. 500 Leonard, Charles A.. 5 00 Leonard, Mrs. C. H.. 5.00 Leonhard, Albert F.. 5 00 Leonhard, J. H...... 1000 Lester, Miss C. D...-' 5 00 Lester, Miss M. E... 5 00 Lester, Wm. C. and We Pa Wise a 5 00 Leverett, George V.. 5 00 Levey, Mrs. W. M... 15 00 Levinson, BE. Det 2.5506 bevor, Gis tees eter 15 00 Levy, Mrs. Eliza - 5 00 Levy, Harry M.. IO 00 Lewis, Mrs. A.. 15 00 Lewis, BIN A es 5 00 Lewis, Mrs. F. E.... 5 00 Lewis, Mrs. H. D... 1000 Lewis, Miss H. G:... 200 Lewis, Mrs. H. E.... 500 Lewis, Irving O.. I 00 Lewis, Mrs. J. Ree, 5a BOO Lewis, Miss Nina F.. 5 00 Lewis, Richard V.. 5 00 Lewis, Shippen..... 5 00 Lewishcon, S. A..... 500 Lewistein, Mrs. E... 100 Lichtenauer,J.M.,Jr.. 5 00 Lichtenstein, Paul.. 5 00 Lidgewood, H. Bees OO Tieb: Dre CeCe) 5 00 Liesching, Bernhard. 10 00 Ligget, Mrs: GiS.:/.~ "500 hishtner, DUH os 106 Lilienthal, Dr. H.... 10 00 Lilienthal, J. W.,Jr.. 5 00 Lilley, Mrs. L..S.....- 5 00 Lilly; James Eesou.: 5 00 Limberg, Charles T.. 10 00 Lincoln, Alexander.. 5 00 Lincoln, Mrs. F. W.. 5 00 Lincoln, Mis. Je iss "5 60 Lincoln, Mrs. R. P.. 5 00 Linder, Mrs. George. 10 00 Lindsay, Mrs. J. W.. 5 00 Lindsley, Josephine.. 5 00 Lindsley, Stuart.... 1000 Linsley, Mrs. Noah.. 1 00 Lippincott,Mrs.R.C.. 5 00 haippitt vis. Gli 5206 Litchfield, Mrs. G.D. 5 00 Littell, Miss J..B.. :\.> ;r-00 Little, Miss Alice A.. 7 00 Littlefield,MissM.H.. 5 00 Livermore, Robert.. 5 00 Livingston, Miss A.. 10 00 Livingston, MissA.P.. 30 00 Livingston, Capt. A. Rs Ee ee OO Livingston, Mrs. H..$10 00 Livingstone, Miss A. 5 00 Lloyd, Mrs: F..H.:.. 5:00 Lloyd, H. Ashley... 5 00 Lloyd, John Uri.... 1000 Lloyds: Mrsig 2 e118 5760 Lloyd, Walter...... 5 00 Locher, Mrs.M.McC. 5 00 Lodge, H. Ellerton.. 5 00 Loesch, Frank J..... 15 00 Logan, Mrs. A. S.... 800 Logue, Mrs. Ida L... 600 Loines, Mrs. M. H... 15 00 Lombard,The Misses 3 00 Lombardi; Cro. oss 5 00 Lomeérson; Jot 45.00 Long, Harry V...... 1000 Longfellow, Miss A. 56 SR Mee acre peer e 5 00 Longley, George C... 5 00 Loomis, Miss M. E.. 3 00 Lord; MrseAj.M.. 33 4700 Lord, Miss Couper.. 5 00 Lord, Miss M. W.... . 100 Lord, Mrs. Samuel.. 15 00 Lord, Mrs. W. W.... . 5 90 Loring, Mrs. C. M... 10 00 Loring, Miss Helen.. 5 00 Loring, J. Alden.... 5 00 Loring, Lindsley.... 5 00 Loring, Mrs. L...... 5 00 Loring, Mrs. W. C... 10 00 Los Angeles Aud- ubon Society. .... 5 00 Los Angeles and Pasadena Audubon mocketies | ees 10 Louis;-Charles Hei3) 5 Lovejoy, Frank W... 5 Lovell, George B.... 5 00 Lowe, Mrs. F. E.... 5 5 Lowell, Charlotta R. (ele) Lowell, James A..... 5 00 Lowell’ Lucy, ose. 10 00 Lowell, Miss M..... 100 Lowell, Sidney V.... Lowenthal, Mrs. N.. 2 00 Lowndes, Miss M. E. Lowrie, Mrs. W. C.. 5 00 Lowry, Mrs. R. J.... 5.00 Eucasy Dro Ay oo --5-00 Tnice, Mpsnbo Ps 5500 Luce, Matthew..... 700 Luchsinger, Mrs.F.B.. Luden, William H... Luening, F. W...... Lummis, J. H.. Lungstrass, E. W.. Luquer, Lea Shippen Lusk, Mrs. Graham. Luther, Mrs. N. R.. Lutz, CR: = Lyle, Mrs. a ee oo00 o0o000 AMnaiwnrninun 0° 0°06 o0o00 ° ° 490 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Lyles, Miss Mary... Lyman, Arthur..... ‘' Lyman, Emily R... Lyman, Frank...... Lyman, Joseph..... Lyman, Miss Mabel. Lyman, Theodore.. Lyman, Mrs. W. 1s Lynn, Charles Ree Lyon, Miss B. C.... Lyon, Charles O..... Lyon, Dr. E.,D..::.. Lyon, Mrs. G. A.... Lyon, Mrs. J. A.... Lyon, Lucien N..... Lyon, Mrs. T. R.... McAlpin, C. W..... McAlpin, Dr. D. H.. McAlpin,Dr.D.H..,Jr. McAlpin, Mrs. D.H.. McAlpin, K. R...... McBride, Mrs. Lee.. McBride, Robert W. McBryde, C. N..... McCampbell, T..... McCaskey, H. D..:. McClary, Mrs. M. J. McClellan, Hon.G.B. McClure, Mrs.C-B.]J.. McConnell, Mrs.A.B. McCord, Miss Belle. McCord, Mrs. W. E. McCormick, Mrs. R. McCormick, Mrs. R. fae McCrea, ‘Charles C.. McCreary, | Bis Og EN McCreery, Mrs. W.. McCulloch, Miss M. Ge Bea us aie te McCulloch, W. F.. McCulloh, ‘T. N.. McCurdy, Robert H. McDonnell, Mrs. T. ee | F. McDougall, Mrs. W. McEldowney, Mrs. Th McGinnis, W. E.. McGinnis, Rev. W.F. McGonagle, Mrs. W. McGowan, Mrs.J.E.. McGregor, T. W.... McGregor, Mrs.G.H.. Mcllhenny, E. A.... MclIntire,Mrs. H. B. McKee, Mrs. J. R... McKee, Samuel B. and Sarah A...... McKee, Mrs. W. L.. $1 00 5 00 McKeen, Mrs. W.R. $5 00 McKelvy, Mrs. R... 500 McKim, LeRoy..... 10 00 McKinley, Miss H... 600 McKittrick,T.H.,Jr. 5 00 ea Mrs. T. McLanahan, Miss H. 5 00 McLane, Miss C. M. McLane, Miss E.... McLauchlin, Mrs.W. 5 00 McLaughlin, Miss E. 5 00 McLean, Hon. G. P.. 20 00 McMillan, F. W..... 5.00 McMinn, Miss A.... 5 00 McNeil, Mrs.A..... 5.00 McNeil, Charles F... 5 00 McNider, Mrs. C. H. 5.00 McOwen, Frederick. 5 00 McPhail Coes 3: 5 00 McQuesten, Mrs. G. See Pkt gsi 5 00 McVitt, op s Far ura ern 5 00 Macdonald,Mrs.C.B. 10 00 Macdonald, J. A.... 500 MacDougall, G. R... 5 00 MacEnroe, James F. 5 00 MacFadden, C. K... 500 Mackay, Miss Ellen. 5 00 MacKay, Mrs. M.S. 5 00 Maclay, M. W., Jr... 5 00 MacLean, Mrs. C.F. 5 00 MacLeod, Mrs. F.N. 100 Macnamara, C...... § 00 prea eer: W. sa \eres Oe be FeO Macy, Vee, IO 00 Macy, Mrs. V.E.. 1500 Maddock, Miss he. 5 00 Madeira, Mrs. L. C.. 5 00 Maehl, Mrs. L. R... Magee: PiOscarias 5.00 Mager, Mrs. F. R... 500 Maghee, John H.... 500 Magill, Miss H. M.. 5 00 Maher, Cc Anon: 5 00 Mahl, William...... 5 00 Mailliard, J. W...... 5.00 Main, Frank H...... 5.00 Maitland, Robert L.. ‘5 00 Malcom, Mrs. A. V.. 5 00 Mallinckrodt, E..... 25 00 Mallory, Mrs. J. M.. 30 00 Malone, Mrs. C. B.. 10 00 Malone, Mrs. L. H... 3 00 Mancher, Haciiii.. 5 00 ManchesterWoman’s Clabes cia ee 5 00 Mandeville,Mrs.H.K 10 00 Manierre, George... 5 00 Manitowoc Co. Fish and Game Protec- tive Association... $5 00 Mann, Miss C. L.... 10 00 Mann, Miss E. S.. I 00 Mann, | ae cane e500 Mann, Miss J; as 5 00 Manning, Mis. L. L. 100 Mansean, Miss Marie and Friend....... 2 00 Maples, James C.... 100 Marckwald, Mrs. A. 2 Dene eae Wie 5 00 Marinus, John A.... 500 Markley, J. E. E.... 5 00 Markoe, Mrs. John.. 15 00 Marling, Alfred E... 5 00 Marmon, Mrs. E. C. 25 00 Maron, Otto.:...... 5 00 Marrs, Mrs. K...... 5 00 Marsh, Mrs. E. T. T. 10 00 Marsh, Ruth: sac... 7 00 Marshall, Mrs. E.O. 5 00 Marshall, F. C...... 5 00 Marshall, Dry.Ge Guiss3 00 Marshall, W A.(Ga. ) 5 00 Marshall, W. A.(R.1.). 10 00 Martin, Mrs. B..... 25 00 Martin, Mrs. E..... 60 00 Martin, Mrs. J. W... 15 00 Martin, Miss S. E... 5 00 Marvin, Charles D.. 5 00 Marvin, Dwight E... 100 Maryland Branch National Assn..... 5 00 Mason, Mrs. C. O.. .105 00 Mason, Heh, jter 6 E00 Massachusetts Au- dubon Society. . 1,500 00 Masters, F. R....... 5 00 Mastick, Mrs. S. C.. 10 00 Mather, Dano eriess 2 00 Mather, Miss K. L.. 10 00 Mather, Samuel. . 5 900 Matheson, Wm. 1 Se Oo Mathews, Mrs. J. R. 5 00 Matlack, Miss R.... 100 Matthews, Mrs. M.. 5 00 Matthews, W.N.... 5.00 Matz, Mrs. R....... 600 Maund, Miss M. E.. 5 00 Mauran, Mrs. J. L.. Maurer, Mrs. Oscar. 5 00 Maury, Miss Antonia C. Ge BaPunce ines 5 00 Maury, Dr. R. B.... 5 00 May, Miss E. G..... 700 May, George H..... 5 00 Mayer, Mrs. B...... 5 00 Mayer, Fred. J..... 500 Mayer, Louis.....:. 5 00 Mayer, Richard..... Mayer, Mrs. R. deL. 5 00 List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Mayo, Miss K...... $5 00 Mays, Mrs. Brook.. 1 00 Maywood Bird Club 5 00 Mead, Henry O..... 1000 NEGA Ae es 5 00 Mead, Mits M...... 2 00 Means, Charles J 5 00 Mears, Basi... 8 00 Meech, H. P.. 5 00 Meeker, Claude . 5 00 Meerhoff, Miss H.. 3 00 Meinrath, Mrs. Jos.. 2 00 Meisselbach, A. F... 5 00 Melish, Mrs: T..... 5 00 Mellick, Mrs. G. P.. 1 00 Mendenhall, Rev. H. Fah ore err oar aries ere 5 00 Menken, Arthur B... 5 00 Meras, Halford..... 5 00 Merck, George...... fore) Meriden Bird Club (Conn.).. 00 Meriden Bird Club CNH esa oe ae 5 00 Merriam, Foe s.c7322 10.00 Merriam, F. ieee 5 00 Merriam, Mrs. W.H. 5 00 Merrick, Miss B. V... 5 00 Merrick, Mrs. F. D.. 7 00 Merrill, Arthur W... 10 00 Merrill, Mrs. C. W.. 5 00 Merrill, Edwin G.... 5 00 Merrill, Mrs. H. W.. 5 00 Merrill, Mrs. P...... 100 Merrill, Thomas D.. 200 Merriman, Mrs. D... 10 00 Merriman, Miss H... 10 00 Merriman, Mrs. M.. 500 Merriman, Mary A.. 500 Merrimann, E. L...... 2:00 Merritt, Mrs. D. F... 5 00 Merritt, Mrs. J. H... 5 00 Mere. Cate ee 5 00 Metcalf, Mrs. J. T... 100 Metcalf, Manton B.. 15 00 Metcalf, Stephen O.. 5 00 Meyer, Edwin O.... 500 Meyer, George A.... 10 00 Meyer, Mrs.G.V.L. 500 Meyer, Miss H....1,600 00 Meyerkort, Mrs. ses 5 00 Meyn, Mrs. HH: - 5 00 Michigan Audubon OCI et es 5 00 Middaugh, H. G.... 25 00 Mieth, George W.... 5 00 Milburn, John G.... 5 00 Mildrum, H.G...... 5 00 Miles, Mrs. H. A.... 11 00 Millbrook Garden Chub, ss oR ae 5 00 Miller, Arthur E.... 5 00 Miller, Miss B.S.... 800 Miller, Clifford L.... Miller, Mrs. C. R.... Miller, Carl W.. 2:2: Miller, Mrs. D. H... Miller, Mrs. E. F.... Miller He Hs oo Miller, Miss Kate... Miller, Paulina C.... Miller, Mrs. R. F.... Miller, Mrs. R. T.... Miller, Mrs. R. T... Milligan, Mrs. R.... © Milliken, Mrs. C. W. Mills, Dr. Adelaide. . Mills, Enos A.,...... Mills, Frederic C.... Mills; Mrs. F. V..... Mills “Dei Re Mills, Miss Jean.... Mills, J. Layng..... Mills; RevijoN. 3. Miner ts Gree Miner, Woes 2... Mink, Miss H. C.... Minnesota Game Protective League. Minshall, Miss H.. Miss Hattie Audubon Society (The)..... Mississippi Audubon SOCIEEY v5 sae e ae Mitchell, Annie Q,,. . Mitchell: fies 55 Mitchell, Mrs. J. M.. Mitchell, Miss M.... Mitchell, Dr. M. P.. Mitchell, Wesley C.. Mitchell, William... Mitchell, Mrs. Wm.. Mittendorf, Mrs. W. Mix, Robert J.. Moch, Mrs. C. ae Moehlenpah, Marion Monck, Miss C. A.. Monroe, Mrs. L. B.. Montague, C. D..:.. Monteith, Miss C... Montell, Mr. and Mrs. F. M.. Montgomery, M. A, Montgomery, Mrs.P. Moon, Miss E. B.... Moore, Alfred. ..... Moore, Mrs. B...... Moore, C. de R..... Moore, Mrs. E. C... Moore, Miss E. M... Moore, Miss F. M... Moore, Miss K. T... Moore, Mrs. R. P... Moore, Mrs. T. L.... Moorhead, H. R..... $5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 2 00 I 00 5 00 "5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 IOO 00 5 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 I 00 5 00 I 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 -5 00 10 00 10 00 I 00 5 00 5 00 “15 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 A 491 Moos, Mrs. J. B.....$10 00 Mora, Mrs. Edward. 5.00 Moran, Daniel S.... 500 Mores, Anon Y..... 1.00 Morewood,Mrs. A. P. 15 00 Morgan, Miss C. L.. 5 00 Morgan, Mrs. E.S.. 5 00 Morgan, Mrs. J. P... 10 00 Morgenthau, Mrs. 5 SS ge ore 5 00 Morison, G. B...... 5 00 Morison, Mrs. J. H.. 30 00 Morley, Ch cee 5 00 Morley, Mrs. W. G 5 00 Morrell, Edward. . 5 00 Morrill, Miss .A. W.. 5 00 Mortis, Miss Anna.. 10 00 MOTs; ©. Wave 6 00 Morris, Mrs. D. H... 10 00 Morris, Dudley M... 5 00 Morris, Mrs. E...... 5 00 Morris, Dr. F. W..... 1.00 Morris, Mrs. J. B... 5.00 Morris, Dr. L.R.... 5 00 Morris, Miss L. T... 25 00 Morris, Robert O.... 1000 Mortis, Dr. Re Boos 5:00 Morris, Mrs. T. E.,. 5 00 Morris, Mrs. Wistar. 5 00 Morrisons R. Paces. 506 Morrison, Mrs. T.... 5 00 Morse un ise Sirs 15 00 Morse, Miss F. R.... 5 00 Morse, Henry Lee... —7 00 Morse, Mrs. J.T.,Jr. 500 Morse, Wm. F...... 5 00 Morss, Noel........- 5 00 Morton, Mrs. L. P... 5 00 Moschcowitz, Mrs. RS ean ae 5 00 Moseley, Miss E. F.. 10 00 Moseley, F. S.. 5 00 Moses, Bert rt pees foJe) Moses, Mrs. E...... 5 00 Moses, Mrs. James.. 5 00 Mosle, Mrs. A. H..... 5 00 Mosman, P. A...... 15 00. Moss, Augustus L... 5 00 Motley, James M.... 15 00 Motley, Thomas.... 500 Mott, Mrs. Bertha.. 5 00 Mott, Mrs..J. Bi... 5-00 Moyer, Albert...... 5 00 Mudd, H. S.. 1 SV OO Mudd, John Alexis. . 5 00 Mudge, HW arses 100 00 Mudge, E.'W., Jr..... 5 00 Mudge, Leonard S.... 5 00 Mueller, Rev. H. W. 100 Mueller, W. J....... 10.00 Muendel, Miss C.... 10 00 Muhlfield, F. J...... 5 00 Mublhauser, F. P.... 100 492 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Mulford, Rev. J. N.. $5 00 | New Philadelphia Orton, Miss R...... $4 00 Mulford, Mr. and Bird Clab 203s. $5 oo | Osborn, Mrs. H. F... 10 00 ; Mrs. Ren, Jr...... 100] Newton, C. C.. 1 00 | Osborn, Mrs. J. B... 15 00 i Miller, Carnioii7i2. 5 00 Newton, Mrs. C. P.. 200 Osborne, Arthur A... 600 * Mulligan, Mrs. E.W. 15 00 Newton, Mrs. F.. 5 00 | Oskamp, Clemens... 10 00 Munro, Miss A. B... 4 00] Nice, Mrs. M. M.... $00} -Osterholt; Bie) 32.2. 5 00 Munro, Miss M. H.. 5 00] Nichols, C. W...... 5 00] Ostrom, Mrs. H. I... 10 00 Munson, Mrs. W. D. 15 00} Nichols, J. T........ 5 00] Oswald, Edward.... 5 00 Mardock : 45 Busi. 35 10 00 | Nichols, J. W. T.... 5 00} Otis, Harrison G.... 5.00 Murphy, Miss A. D. 5 00| Nichols, Mrs.J.W.T. 10 00! Otis, Mrs. Joseph E. 5 00 Murphy, F.,Jr.....: . 10 00 | Nichols, Mrs. N. C.. 600} Overton, Dr. Frank. 5 00 Murphy, Wm. H.... 15 00 | Nicholson, R. and S. 5 co! Ovington, Elizabeth. 3 00 Murray, Miss C..... 100] Nicoll, Mrs. gee 5 00 | Owen, Miss J. A..... 5.00 Murray, FoF io. ss: 5 00 Nicoll, Mrs. F.. 5 00 | Owen, Stanton...... 5 00 Mather carb ock 5 00 Nixon, 1a De toe, 5-00} Pabst, Mrs: Fass. 500 Myers, Mrs..G. C... 5 00} Noble, Mrs. G. H... 500} Pabst, Gustave..... Pict: OC Myers, Mrs. H. W.:.. 5 00 Norcross, Gen es = 5 001 Pack “Mirs.© . Tse. 10:00 Myers, Mrs. H. E... 5 00 | Norrie, Mrs. E.L.B. 5 00} Packard, Horace.... 500 Myers, J. R., Jr..... 500] North East Nature Page As Dug as 5 00 Myers, Dr. P. V.N.. 5 00 StudyChubs .5% 5 00 | Page, Mrs. H. W.... 300 Myers, Walter...... 1 oo | North, H. Alexander 5 00/ Page, Miss Mary C.. 5 00 a Naramore, W. W.... 10 00 | North, Mrs. R. H... 1000] Page, Miss Myrtis.. 1 00 = Natural History Northrop, Mrs. J. I.. 5 00] Page, Parker W..... 5 00 4 Society of B. C.... 5 00} Norton, Miss C. M.. 5 00} Pagenstecher, Miss 4 Nature and _ Liter- Norton, Charles W.. 5 00 BYried@. 32, rss 15 00 ary Club (The). . 100} Norton, Miss E. M.. 5 00] Pagenstecher, G..... 5 00 Nature Study Society Norton, Miss Ida M. 200] Paine, A. G., Jr..... 5.00 (The)... 10 00 | Norton, Mrs. J.C... 500} Paine, Mrs. A, G.... 20.00 Nazro, Mrs. A. P.. 5 00 | Norton, Miss M. F.. 12 00] Paine, Cyrus F...... 5 00 Nebraska Audubon Norvell, Mrs. H. D.. 5 00] Paine, Miss E. L.... 5.00 DOLIELY ey 25 00 | Nowland, Mrs. O..... 200] Paine, Mrs. F. W.... 5 00 Negley, Alexander J. 5 00 | Nugent, James R.. 500 | Paine; Revi Gib. .< 20:00 Neilson, Mrs. E. C.. 5 00] Nulsen, F. E.. . § 00] Paine, George M.... 5 00 Neilson, James..... 5 90 Oakley, Mrs. I. B.. 5 00 | Paine, Mrs. R. P.... 500 Nelson, Charles W.... 5 00 | Oakley, Thornton... 10 00| Paine, Mrs.R.T., 2d 5 00 Nelson, E. W....... 5 00} Oakley, Mrs. T...... 5 00} Painter, Dr.H.McM. 35 00 Nelson, Mrs. R. J... 100] O’Brien, Mary E.... 500] Pairce, Miss H. W... 600 Nesbitt, Miss P..... 5 00 | Oettinger, Dr. P. J... 600] Palache, Whitney... 5 00 Nesmith, Miss Mary 500] Ogborn, H. Howard. 5 00/ Palmer, Annic L.... 200 Nettleton, A. E....: 500] Ogilvie, Prof. I. H... 500} Palmer, Mrs. E. L... 25 00 Nettleton, Cy H.. :)..5 00 | Ohio Audubon Palmer, Mrs. H: C... “t 90 Nettleton; Bi'S.0 2 00 DOCICEY. ae ies o 5 00] Palmer, Mrs. L. A... 110 00 Nettleton, Harry E.. 100] Olcott, Dudley...... 2000] Palmer, Miss M. T.. 5 00 Neumann,Mrs.G.A. 5 00 | Olcott, Mrs. M...... 5 00] Palmer, Nicholas F.. 30 00 Neustadter, Mrs. J. Oldberg, Mrs. E..... 600] Palmer, Dr. T. S.... 500 1 Bate asa sun Oey 5 00 | Olin, Stephen H..... 500] Palmer, Mrs. W. P.. 5 00 New Bedford Wo- Oliver, Mrs. J. B.... 10 00] Pardee, Wm. S...... 5.00 man s-Cluy st, so 3 5.00 | Olmsted, Fie. t5. 5.00 jo Parewer, Coon aes 25 New Century Club Olmsted, Miss M. P. 100] Paris, Mrs. F. U..... 15 00 DE U Hodes es 8 91 | Olney, Elam Ward.. 5 00] Pariser, Robert..... 5 90 New, Miss E. R..... 500] Onondaga County Park, Miss: By Ly... 5° New, Mrs.Gi.9.3 50.05 00 Audubon Society.. 5 00 | Parke, Louis H...... 5 00 Newberry, Mrs.W.E. 5 00 | Opdycke, Mrs. E.. 2:00 | Parker, Avouas ss 5 00 Newburyport Bird Opdycke, Mrs. L. E.. 500}: Parken W cs 15 00 RSPR ets oes ores 10 00 | Oppenheimer, Dr. H. Parker, Mrs. A. W... 3.00 Newcomb, C. A., Jr. 15 00 iin eS aa seee es 5 00 | Parker, Miss E. S... 5 00 Newcomb, Dr. W. W. 15 00 | Oppenheimer, Mrs. Parker, Forrest H...° 5 00 Newcombe, Mrs. C. M. FE. nse ce. — §.00'| Parker, Mrs. Gordon 5 90 ERS ik al ear ee 500} Oregon Audubon Parker, Mrs. H. J... 5 00 Newcomer,Miss N.I.. 1 00 BOCIEWY nda 5 00} Parker, James F..... 15 00 Newell, Mrs. E. T.... 5 00 | Orr, Miss E. vonE.. 1000] Parker, Mrs. J. J.... 5 00 Newell, Mrs. J. E... . 5 00] Orr, Ulysses:G..:... 2 §:00} Parker, No Tuc... 200 Newman, Mrs. 'R. A. 25 00] Orrman, H. L....... 5 00 | Parker, Mrs. Robert. 30 00 List of Members 493 ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Parker, Mrs. W. L... $5 00 Parker, Mrs. W. R.. 17 00 Parmelee, Robert M. 5 00 Parrish, James (C7. 70:00 Parrott, Mrs. A. M.. 5 00 Parson, Miss Alice.. 100 ‘Parsons, Edmund H. 5 00 Parsons, Miss G..... 5 00 s Parsons, Mrs.J.D.,Jr.105 00 Parsons, Miss K. L.. 600 Parsons, Robert L... 10 00 Parsons, William H.. 5 00 Pasadena Audubon SOCKet tag een -155 00 Paterson; R.Br. 5 00 Patten, Mrs. H. Fees 500 Patterson, MissE.C. 5 00 Patterson, S. W.. Patterson, xl ees & fe He Patterson, W.f...... 5 00 5 00 5 00 Paul, Mrs. D’Arcy.. 5 00 PaulsProt; fe Ms WoO UN ae a oe EO 00 Payne, Mrs. F. W... 5 00 Peabody, George F.. 10 00 Peabody, Mrs. H.... 3 00 Peabody, Wm. W... 5.00 Pearce, Mrs. R: B...° ri 00 Pears, Miss V.’M...: . 5 00 Pearsall, Mr. and Mrss Jo: Wie seas 2 00 Pease, Mrs. A. D.. 5 00 Pease, 15 Boas 6 ca ine 5 00 Peck, Mrs. CC:. 5 00 Péck Dro Gre: 5.00 Peck, Miss Dorothy. 5 00 Peck, DPB lee I 00 Peck, Uwe S Eo Miers sean 5 00 Peck, Staunton B.... 5 00 Peckham, M., Jr.... 500 Pederson, Prof. F. M. 5 00 Peet, Mrs. W. C... 5 00 Pegram, Mrs. E. S... 5 00 Peirson, Charles L... 5 00 Peirson, Walter, Jr. 10 00 Pell; James: Deo. 500 Pellew, Miss M. J... 5 00 Pendleton, Mr. and Mrs. Edward W... 5 00 Pendleton, Miss E.F. 5 00 Penfold, Edmund... 10 00 Penhallow, C. T..... 5 00 Penn, Mrs. Jefferson to 00 Pennie, john C.. . 3 2-5: 60 Pennington, Mrs. A. ee ae re 10 00 Pennsylvania Audubon SoGety. 2 5 00 Pepper, Mrs. Wm... 5 00 Percy, George W.:.. 100 Perin; Mrs. Febi.< 38:00 Perkins, Miss A. E.. 200 Perkins, Mrs. E. R.. 5 00 Perkins, Mrs. F. E... $7 00 Perkins, Mrs. G. Ce 5 00 Perkins, Mrs. G. W.. 35 00 Perkins, Mrs. G. H.. 5 00 Perkins, Harry A.. 5 00 Perkins, H. F.. 5 00 Perkins, Dred: Do lies Perkins; Jas. Tos ii 5 00 Perot; Laos tas <. E500 Perrin, Marshall L... 100 Perry, George P.. I 00 Perry, J. DeWolf. 2 00 Perry, Mrs. John G. 5 90 Perry, Mrs. J. H.. I 00 Peskind, Mrs. AS 5 00 Peter, Julius Con. 2 500 Petermann, G. H.... 1000 Peters, Mrs. A. J.... 109 Peters, Miss E...... 2 00 Peters, Ralph... =. 1500 Peters, “W,. ios. .5 35.60 Peters, William R... 25 00 Peterson, Arthur.... 5000 Retrasch, CarlS.. 3S oo Pettee, Miss J. G.... 500 Petty; E.R... 7 00 Pfarre, Mrs. Ae Bs Yoo Pfeifer, Pes euucoes 2 00 Pfeiffer, Curt Gee 500 Phelan, Mrs. M. F... 2 00 Phelps, Dryden W... 5 00 Phelps, Mrs. J. M... 5 00 Phelps, Mrs. J. W... 25 00 Philipp; Pe Bai 225 35-00 Phunps, Al Vel e206 Phithps, As Waj.35- I 00 Phillips, Dr. C. E.H. 5 00 Phillips,Mrs.C.E.H.. 5 00 Phillips, E. S.. 10 00 Phillips, Hon. J. M.. 5 00 Phillips, Miss M. E.. 5 00 Phillips, Dr. Walter. 5 00 Phinney, Miss M. A. 200 Phypers; C.J. s ss I 00 Pickard, M. V.. 2 00 Piel, Mrs. M.. 20 00 Pierce, Mrs. F. A.. 5 00 Pierce, Frank L.. 5 00 Pierce, Henry Coo Sago Pierce, William L.... 5 00 Pierpont, Miss A. E. 5 00 Pierrepont A. J..-.3 25.00 Prez, Charles)... 5 00 Pike, Mr. and Mrs. Curtis F.. 2 00 Pilling, James t:. 5 00 Pilling, William S$... 2 eo op Pillsbury, A. E.. 2 00 Pilsbury, Frank rane 5 00 Pinney, Lucius... .. 5 00 Piquet, Miss L. S.... 10 00 Pirie, Miss Isobel... . 5 00 Pitman, Miss E. H,. 1 00 Pitman, Miss M. A.. $1 00 Planten; WoR? icc Ss 00 Platt; Adaibes ow. S00 Platt Mrs sD Bis as 500 Pgtt PH Gees aes 10 00 Platt, Miss L. N.... 10 00 Platt) Lewis Ac 50<. 5 00 Platt, Norman S.. 5 00 Playter, Miss C. S.. 5 00 Plummer, Dr. C. G I Pae- Margaretta. er SSG Polhemus, Miss R.A. 5 00 Polk? Dr. We Meee: 5:00 Pollock, George E... 5 Pollock, Mrs. Wm... 500 Pomeroy, Daniel E.. Pomeroy, Mrs. N.... Pomeroy, Robert W. 5 00 Pomroy, Mrs. H. K.. 1 Pond; Miss F. 1... ©. Poole, Mrs. G. S.... Poole, Ralph H..... Poor, Roger M...... Popes Mrs. A> Si: Pope, Miss E. A... .. Pope, Harriet Bec. Pope, Willard....... wW ANMONMAnNnAUNUN 9° ° Porter), Mis. A. B=: fele} Porter Asher esc 00 Porter, Alex. S., Jr... 15:00 horter, Nits ee 52 15 00 Porter, He Ka 1500 Porter, Mrs. W. HH. 00 Post, Abner A ee 00 Post. Pe Soe a es fete) Post Mrs: he srs. Post,-Mrs.:E: J... 3°. Post, Miss E. M.... Post, Mrs. James H. POSt eo [ONT ou. aos Post, Sylvester. .:. 2. Post, William S..... Potter, Alonzo...... Potter, Miss C...... Potter, Frederick G.. Potter, Hamilton... Potter, Julian K..... Potterrie Beck ee: Potter, Miss M. L... Potter, Mark W..... Potts, Mrs. F. M.... Potts; Mrs: G.-C... Potts.2 Master: HH... Potts, Robert B..... Potts, Mrs. W. B.... Potts, Mrs. Wm. M.. Pounsford, Harry... Powell, Mary W..... Powell, Mrs. S. A.... Powell, Mrs. T. C... Powers, Ly Be Powers, Thomas H.. Pratt, Albert H.. AMnannrstnNnAnaIninninnhtnInIninntnoninun htUNu re) O° Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Pratt, Mis. Ce Mas. Pratt,-Miss* Eh. A... Pratt;Mrsy Bobi. Pratt; Mrs: BoBa .% Pratt, Frederick L... Pratt) Mrs. bbe Pratt, Miss Harriet.. Pratt. Miss 8.0 hiss. Prentice, Miss C.... Prentice, Miss E. M. Prentiss. Pyros acs Prentiss, Miss M. E. Prentiss, Wm. A..... Prescott, Mrs. P.... Preston, Mrs. F. L... Preston, Mrs. W. L.. Preston, Mrs. W.. Price, 1: ea ie Price, L: ee ea Priest, Miss E. M... Primley, Mrs. J. R. Prince, Frederick H.. Prince; Fs Mino: Prince, Mrs. L. B... Printz, Mrs. Alex... . Procter, William.... Procter, Mrs. W. C.. Procter, Mrs. C. E... Procter, Henry H.... Procter, Thomas R.. Prosser, Mrs. Seward Prouty; C..N., Jt. Provost, Mrs. C. W.. Pruyn, ReGen ee Puffer, Miss Isabel. . Purves, Mrs. A. M.. Pusey, Mrs. Howard Putnam, Mrs. A. S.. Putnam, Miss E..... Putnam, George P... Putnam, Mrs. L. W. Puxton, Mrs. M. W.. Pyne, Mrs. M. T.... Quan, Mr. and Mrs. Queen; FR. M.:... Quinby, W. H....... Oumey Cai ie". Rabe; Dr BR. Fo...) Rackemann, C. S.... Racine Bird Club... Rahlison; Kz: Ji .:..%. Rehr, Mrs. Re. 92%: Ralph, Mrs. G. F.. Ramsay, Mrs. W. & Ramsey County Game Protective Association (The). Ramsey, Mrs. D. P.. Ramsperger, H. G... Rand, Mrs. H.S.... Rand Deny ee Randerson, 32°F... Randle, Mrs. C. H.. Randol, W. M., Jr.. Randolph Bird Club of Westfield...... Randolph, Coleman. Randolph, Mrs. E... Randolph, Evan.... Rankin, Mrs. Hugh. Rankin, John H..... Rankine, Mrs. W. B. Ranney, Mrs. J. R.. Rassfeld, Otto H.... Rassieur; Leo. <2. 7; Ratcitte- Ay ess Rathborne, R. C.... Rathbun, Mrs. E. H. Rawitser, Fred...... Rawlinson, Miss E Raymond, Mrs. C.E. Raymond, Mrs. J.... Raynolds, Mrs. G. F. Rea, Mrs..H. R..... Rea; James Coos. Rea, Mrs. James C.. Rebmann, G. R., Jr.. Redfield, Miss E. W. Redfield, H. W...... Redfield, Mrs. H. G. Redmond, Miss E... Redwood, Mrs. F. T. Reed, Miss Clara... Reed, Mrs. G. M.... Reed, af J. base oe. Sort Reed, Miss M.I.... Reed, Walter N..... Reed, William E.... Reed, Mrs. W. H.... Reese, J.S<, athun vs Reese, Mrs. R. G.... Reeve, Miss M.S... Reeves, Miss R. N... pent Maange Reichert, Louis 330. Reisinger, Curt; Remak, Mrs. G., Jr.. Remick, Mrs. E. W.. Remington, Seth P.. Renshaw, Mrs. A. H. Renwick, Mrs. I. H.. Renwick, Mrs. W. C. Resolute Circle of the King’s Daughters. Rey, Miss Marie V.. $1 00 5 00 I 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 I500 5 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 2 00 Reynal, N.C $1000 . Reynolds, Dorrance. 5 00 Reynolds, Mrs.G.W. 5 00 Reynolds, Dr. H. J... 5 00 Reynolds, Miss M.D. 1 00 Reynolds, W. S..... -5 00 Rhein John; piie. 34-590 Rhinebeck Bird CD Scere! 5 00 Rhoades, Miss H.... 5 00 Rhoades, Mrs. L.... 5 00 Rhoads, Mrs. B. M.. 5 00 Rhoads, Miss L. W.. 10 00 3 Rhoads, Mrs. S. W.. 5 00 Rhode Island Audu- bon Society 220, 5 00 Rhodes 9 oSi: sees 5 00 Rice, Charles F.. 2 00 Rice, Miss E. J.. 5 00 Rice, j 8 Bald De cae ae, 5 00 Rice, William G..... 100 Rice, Wm. North... 10 00 “ Rich, Mrs. J. A..... 5 00 Rich, William L.. 5 00 Richards, Miss A. A. 5 00 Richards, Mrs. E. F. .5 00 Richards, Miss H. E. 5 00 Richards, Henry.... 10 00 Richards, Mrs. L. S.. 10 00 Richards, Mrs. T. D. 5.00 E Richardson,Mrs.C.F. 25 00 a Richardson,Mrs.G.F. 5 00 : Richardson, H. H... 5 00 Richardson, W. K... 5 00, Richie, Miss Sarah.. 8 00 Richmond Bird Club (They as 5 00 Richmond, C. E..... 5 00 Ricketson, Walton.. 2 50 Ricketts, Miss Jean. 5 00 Ridgway, Robert... 10 00 Riggs, Mrs. A. F.... 5 00 Riggs, George C..... 500 Riglander,Mrs.M.M. 5 00 Riley, Mrs. N. J.... 5 00 Riley, Mrs. W. W... 5.00 ’ Rinkle, Leonard.... 500 Ripley, Miss J. T.... 5 00 Rittenhouse, E.S.... 5 00 Rives, Dr. Wm. C... 5 00 Robb, Mrs. Alex.... 600 Robb, Mise Je Facer = 35.60 Robbins, Allan A.... 5 00 Robbins, Cliff S..... 5 00 Robbins, Mrs. I. E.. 10 00 Robbins, J. Albert.. 1 00 Robbins, RoC. 5 5 00 Robbins, Mr. and Mis R. Be is3 10 00 Robert, Samuel... .. 5 00 Roberts, Mrs. A. B.. 100 Roberts, Mrs. E. B.. 5 00 Roberts, Miss F. E.. 5 00 List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Roberts, 1. Gin ae. $1 00 Roberts, Thomas S.. 5 00 Robertson, Miss J... 5 00 Robertson, Mrs. R.A. 5 00 Robertson, R. H.... 500 Robertson,Mrs.W.A. 200 Robey, Andrew A... 500 Robinson, Miss A. H. 5 00 Ropimson, Co Acs sc ee es0o Robinson, Mrs. C. L. j alge tater ae arena 5 00 Robinson, E. P...... 5 00 / drobinson, Ee o.c. 3s: 5 00 Robinson, F. H..... 100 Robinson, Miss H. B. 5 00 Robinson, MissS.M. 600 Robinson, S. Mary BN esos see 5 00 Robinson, S. N.. 5 00 Robinson, Theo. W.. 5 00 Robinson, j ase. Se 5 00 Robinson, W. Ac 3 Robison, Dr. A. A... 800 RODS, OA, Ps es 25 OO Robotham, Cheslar.. 5 00 Roche, Mr. and Mrs. AS 2 00 Rochester, Miss E... 6 00 Rockaway Branch of the Nat’l Assn. of Audubon Societies. 10 00 Rockefeller, J. D., Jr. 5 00 Rockefeller, Mrs. J. UREN | ee ie eras 5 00 Rock Island County Bird Club.. ; 5 00 Rockwood, Mrs. G.I. I3 00 Rodewald, F. L.. 5 00 Rodgers, j. | ara 5 00 Rodman, Miss E.... 5 00 Roebling, Mrs. J. A.. 10 00 Roessler, Mrs. F....:° 5.00 Rogan, Mrs. John... 500 Rogan, Mrs. M. K... 5 00 Rogers, Derby...... I 00 Rogers; Dr, Bou... 3: “5°00 Rogers, Vere: Pio oS G00 Rogers, George J.... 500 Rogers; Mrs, G.S...3:5.00 Rogers, Mrs. H. E... 10 00 Rogers, James...... 5 00 Rogers, Misses...... 5 00 Rogers, Richard..... 5 00 Rogers, Mrs. T. W.. 2.00 Rogers, William B.. 5 00 Rolando, Miss A. N. 200 Rolle Avy ees 15 00 Rollins, K. W....:.. 5:00 Rood, Miss M. W... 5 00 Roosevelt School.... 5 00 Root, Miss W. E.... 200 Rose, Mrs. A. S$... 4° 5.00 Rose, Mrs. J. H..... 15 00 Rosenbaum, E. F.... $5 00 Rosenbaum, Mrs. N. 5 00 Rosenheim, Mrs.A.F. 5 00 Rosenthal, Mrs. O... 5 00 Rosenwald, Mrs. J... 5 00 Ross. Dre hsb. os $00. Rossbach, Max H... 10 00 Rossiter, E. L....... 5 00 Rotch, Mrs. Morgan 5 00 Rotch, Mrs. Wm. J.. 50 00 Roth: Fred Si. .5 35 5 00 Roth, a ye! Ore £25500 Rothermel, John eee 8 50 Rothwell, J. 1 Oe 5 00 Rowe, Mrs. H. E.... 15 00 Rowland,.Mrs. C. B. 5 00 Rowland, Thomas... 5 00 Rowley, John....:.. 5 00 Royce, fz tA. 5. OO Rubel, Master A. cs 5 00 Ruddock, CoH: 5 00 Ruggles, Mrs. T. E.. 5 00 Rumsey, Mrs. C. C.. 10 00 Rumsey, L. D.. 5 00 Rumson Bird Club. 5.00 Ruperti, Justus..... 5 00 Rupprecht, FF. KK... -- 500 Rusch, Mrs. H. A..: 500 Rushmore, M. D.... 5000 Ruskay, Mr. and Mrs; Gees inc: I 00 Russ; Mrs. Ge. 2:00 Russell, B. F. W....- 5 00 Russell, Mrs. C.L. P. 5 00 Russell, Mrs. E. L... 15 00 Russell, Mrs. H 5 00 Russell, Miss M. L.. 10 00 Russell, Mrs. W. A.. 15 00 Russell, Mrs. W. D.. 7 00 Rust, David W..... 500 Rust, Mrsi:G, Pi: sos 8-00 Ryan, John B....... 10:00 Ryerson, Mrs. E. L.. 500 my MaNS [sees a, a 5 00 Sabin, Mrs. D. D.. 5 00 Sabine, Dro Ke 7 00 Sachs, ‘Dr. Bernard.. 5 00 Sackett, Mrs. F. M.. - 5 00 Sackett,Mrs.F.M.,Jr. 5 00 Sage, Mrs. Homer... 5 00 Sage; jobn: Hee 0025 5 00 Sagebrush and Pine Clube oS 5 00 Si ponns i. Pes v3 5 00 St. John, Mrs. J..... 5.00 Salisbury, Mrs. E. MacCurdy....... 5 00 Saltonstall, J. L..... 25 00 Saltonstall, Mrs.P.L. 5 00 Saltonstall,Mrs.R.M. 5 00 Sampson, Mrs. A. A. 5 00 Sampson, Alden.... 1000 Sampson, John A.... 500 Sanborn, Mrs. C. F.. Sanborn, Mrs, E. L.. Sanborn, Mrs. W. R. Sanderson, Miss M.. Sands, DanielC;. 47; Sands, Mrs. Po Jou... Sanford, George A... Sanford; Dre LieG:.; Sanford, Mrs. R. B.. Sanford, Miss S. F... Sanger, Mrs. C. R... Saratoga Springs Bird Clube. Sargent, Mrs. F. W.. Sarmiento, Mrs. F. J. Sarwer, Mrs. J. M... Satterlee, Mrs. H. L. saul, Charles Riu. =. Saunders, Charles G. Saunders; Eo Ags. 27. Saunders; W..o Sauter, Fredis ae. Savannah Audubon Societys sia sa Savin, William M... Sawtelle, Mrs. E. M. Sawyee, Mrs. J. P Sawyer, Mrs. C. A... SA WVORy Be Dye 35.15) ,r0 Sawyer, EB, Lo H:...: Sawyer, Mrs. H. E.. Sayles, Mrs. R. W... Sayre, Mrs. C. D.... rR. Sayre & Co.o 0 2..: Scarborough, J.V.B.. Scarborough, R. B.. Schaefer, Mrs. E. i. Schaefer, George G.. Schaefer, Oscar F. .. Schater, |i +. oi Schall, William. Schanck, George E.. Schattgen, William.. Scherer, Mrs. A. G.. Schieffelin,Mrs.H.M. Schiffer, Mrs. F. A. . Schirmer, Mrs. R. E. Schlaet, Mrs..A..... Schlotman;Mrs.J.B.. Schmidt, Hans, Schmidt, Wm. H.... Schreiter, Henry.... Schroder, Wm. H.... Schroeder, Arthur... Schueller, Rev. W. J.. schaltz. JD. Wa... Schurz, Miss M..... Schuster, Mrs. C.... Schutz, B Schwab, Louis E.. .. Schwarz, George F... Schwarz, Mrs. H. F.. Schwarz, Herbert F.. 495 $5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 25 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 2 00 5 00 9 00 5 00 25 00 60 00 « LOuwo 4 00 5 00 2 00 7 00 5 00 IO 00 6 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 I5 00 3 00 5 00 5 00 2 00 5 00 5 00 25 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 3 00 5 00 5.00 7 00 5 00 IO 00 496 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Schwarzenbach, R. jak. . $10 00 Schweppe, Mrs.H.M. 100 Scituate | Woman’s Clube aS oe aaa, 5 00 Scofield, Miss M.... 15 00 Scott, Albert: Ey scs2=- 5° e060 Scott, Donald e406. 46 90 Scott, Mrs. J. W..... - 5:00 Scott: Mis: Mi Banc. 5 00 Scott; Mrsa Ricks). 22"5.06 Scovill, Mr. and Mrs. Henry W., 50 00 Scribner, Mrs. A. H. 10.00 Scrymser, James A.. 5 00 Scrymser, Mrs. J. A. 500 Scudder, Heyward.. 500 Scudder, Miss S. J... 100 Scully, Henry R..... 500 Seabrook, Mrs. H. H. 5 00 Seabury, C.-We 2. 5 00 Seabury, Miss S. E.. 25 00 Seaman, Wm. W.... 500 Searle; Mrs,cA: Lit 2.06 Searle, Mrs. S. F.... 15 00 Sears, Miss A. L.... © 5 00 Sears, Horace S..... 1000 Sears, Mrs. J. M.... 5.00 Sears, Miss Mary P.. 15 00 Sears; Mrs. Ps Si 225-500 Sears, William R.... 25 00 Seattle Audubon HOCELY la. 7 5 00 Seaver, Benj. F..... 8 00 Seaverns, C.. Fe Tiive10:00 See, Alonzo B....... I5 00 Seeley, Mrs. C. B.... 5 00 Seelye, L. Clark. ... 5 00 Seinsheimer, Mrs. H. Agi ce ar Siar 5 00 Seipp, Mrs. Conrad. 5 00 Seitz, C Selden, Mrs. E. G... 5000 Selfridge, Mrs. G. S.. 2 00 Selig: Wes. 005 G3 Seligman, G. W..... 5 00 Seligman, Mrs.G. W. 5 00 Seligman, Mrs.I.N.. 5.00 Seligman, Jefferson.. 5 00 Semken, Miss K. FE. 5 00 Semmes, John E.... 5 00 Sequin, Mrs. E. M... 1 00 Serrill, William J...: 500 Severance, John L... 70 00 Sewall, Miss H. D... 20 00 Seward, WiKi. es 500 Sexton, Mrs. E, B...° 5 00 Seymour, John B.... 5 00 Seymour, L. H.. 5 00 Seymour, Mrs. M.V. 200 Shacklett, eWes.c as § OO Shailer, William G... 10 00 Shainwald, Riette H. 5 00 Shannon, Mrs. W. C. $7 00 ‘Sharpe, Miss E. M.. 5.00 Sharpe, Miss E. D..100 00 Sharpe, Henry D.... 5 00 Shattuck; Ay Be cr 5 00 Shattuck, A. R...2. 3 10.00 Shattuck, George C.. 5 00 Shattuck, Miss G. A. 1 00 Shaw, Miss Eleanor. 5 00 Shaws Francis. 2.4. 5 00 Shaw, Mrs. G. H.... 5.00 Shaw, Mrs. G. R.... 500 DRAW ra. bhi is * 1 5600 Shaw, Louis A...... 25 00 Shaw, Miss Louise.. 5 00 Shaw, Mrs. Q. A.... 500 Shaw, Mrs. R. G.... 15 00 Shaw Sore Irae ss 5 00 Shead, Mrs. ewes: Shearer, Mrs. W..L.. 5 00 Shearman, Miss M.H. 500 Sheble, Mrs. F. eo es OO Shedd, Mrs. J.:G.:..;- 5.00 Shetield,. G)St/Joe..%- 500 Sheldon, Mrs. E. B.. 5 00 Sheldon, James..... 500 Shepard, Miss A. R.. 5 00 Shepard, Charles E.. 2 00 Shepard, Miss Clara. 5 00 Shepard, C. Sidney.. Shepard, Miss E. B.. 5 00 Shepard, Finley J... 5 00 Shepard, W. H...... 5 00 Shepardson, Mrs. A. Ds V ureee ie eas Shepherd, Mrs. C. J. Shepherd, Mrs. O... 5 00 Sheppard, Miss M... 200 Sheppard, Wm. B... 5 00 Sherer, George J.. 5 00 Sheridan, A ia 5 00 Sherlock, Mrs. John. 5 00 Sherman, Miss A. R. 3.75 Sherman, Mrs. E. J...-5.00 Sherman, Mrs. Henry Sele ss at eee OO Sherman, Mrs. J. D.. 5 00: Sherman,Mrs.J.P.R. 5 00 Sherman, Miss J. F.. 5 00 Sherman, Mr. and Mrs W. dasriiore: 5 00 Shermilh-Ay Pi 500 Sherry ea: Ga 4 6 00 Sherry, Louis. . 5 00 Sherwin, Mrs. H. A.. 5 00 Shillaber, William . 5 00 Shipman, RAD ic Ga Shiras, Hon. G., 3d. 5 00 Shober, Mrs. S. L... 5 00 Shoemaker, C. W.... Shoemaker,Mrs.H.P. 5 00 Shoemaker, H. W.. . Shoemaker, Miss M.. 5 00 Shoemaker, Mrs. M. WwW Shoemaker, Shores, ‘Dr. H.-T.... ; Short, William...... Shortall, Mrs. J. L.. Shove, i Shove, Miss E. M.. Shriver, Mrs. H. T.. Shuler, Mic B . Shultz, Charles S.... Shumway, E. M..... Sibley, Mrs. R. A... Sidway, Ralph H.... Siedenburg, Mrs. R., 4 ficit ie Se ang ee Siegel, William.. Silberberg Brothers.. Sill, Miss A. M...... Silsbee, Miss E. W.. Silsbee, Thomas... . Simmons, B. F.. Simmons, E. C.. Simmons, Mrs.FE. deF. Simmons, John S.. Simon, Alfred L..... Simon, Charles..... Simonds, Ray...... Simonds, Miss S. L.. Simons, William C... Simons, Mrs. W. C.. Simonson, Mrs.W.A.. Simonton, Mrs. J. S.. Simpkins, Miss M.W. Simpson, Miss H.... Simpson, Miss J. W. Simpson, John B.... Sinclair, Miss E. T.. Sindlair He Reiser sc pisters: BiB. Sitgreaves, Miss M.]. Skeel, Mrs. F.:D.. >. Skeel, Mrs. R., Jr... Skidmore, S. Ty... . Skiff, Walter C... 5... Skinner, Albert..... Skinner, Martha.... Skinner; M.. P.c5. 74 Skinner, William.. .. Skoglund, Walter L.. Slack, Miss Clara M. Slade, Mrs. F. H.... Slade, Francis L..... Slater, William A.... Sleght, Mrs. B. H. B. Slingluffs, Mrs. K... Soan, Dr. B.S... Sloan, Mrs. E. J..... Sloane, Henry T..... Sloane, Mrs. Wm.... Slocum, William H.. Slosson, Mrs. A. T... Thomas $5 00 List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Slosson, Mrs. H. L... Small, Miss A. M... Small, Miss C. M... Small, Miss Cora... Smallwood,MissM.E. Smiley, Daniel...... Smiley, Mrs. Emily. Smillie, James C.... Smith, Mrs. A. G.... Smith, Abel I....... saith: Mars; Acehs Smith, Mrs. B. C.... Smith, Mrs: -B:. G.. Smith, Ce Bates ti: Smith, Charles F.... Smith, Mis GaGa. Smith, Mrs7:C. os... Smith “DE Cactac.: Smith, Mrs. DeCost. Smith, Delavan.... . Smith, Dudley W... Smith, Emeline C.. . Smith, Miss E.-C.... Smith, Mrs. E. D... Smith, Francis D... . Smith, Frank. Smith, Frank A. (Worcester, Mass.) Smith, Frank A. (Boston, Mass.).. Smith, Mrs. F. C.... Smith, Mrs. F. D.. Smith, Mrs. F. H.. Smith, Mrs. F. J.. Smith, Mrs. F. Ww. Smith, George A.. Smith, George G.. Smith, George Re Smith, Mrs. Higbie.. mith, b. ActEs, 0. SuthH Mow a Smith, Henry P..... Smith, Mrs. J. N.... Smith, PEGE ccce 5 Smith, Pas Bi cess Smith Laura: Loc, Smith, Miss Lilian. . Smith, Mrs. Louis F. Smith, Mrs. L. M... Smith, Miss M. B... Smith, Miss M. F.. . Smith, Mrs. M. H... Smith, Pierre J... ... Smith, Mrs. R. D... Smith, Mrs. §. L.... Smith, S. W., Jr..... Smith, Theo. H..... Smith, Mrs. W. C... Smith, Wilbur F.... Smith, W. Hinckle. . Smith, William H.. . Smith, William W... Smithers, Mrs. J.... $5 00 2 50 I 00 2 50 5 00 fore) 00 rele) fore) fete) fete) (ele) 00 fore) fete) 00 OMmNAM AMDHUANAANNNATNwN 10 00 IO CO I5 00 6 00 5 00 I 00 2 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 5 90 5 00 5 00 6 00 15 00 5 00 5 00 I 00 Smithland Audubon Societys eta es $5 00 Smyth, Ellison A... 500 Smyth, Hb. Jr. 5 00 Smythe, Mrs. A. B.. 7 00 Smythe, Mrs. H..... 15 00 Shook;-Mrsy 1. Bi. 3960 Snyder, Mrs. J.....-. 500 Snyder, Watson..... 5 00 Solley, Fred W...... 5 00 Solley, Dr. J. B., Jr.. Somerset Hills Bird 5 00 Somerville, Robert. . Soule, Elizabeth P... South Bend. Humane Society. S.8c05 ks = South Carolina Audubon Society.. South Haven Bird 5 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 2 00 Southworth, Mrs.O.S. Sovereign, Miss E.P.. Spachman, Miss E.S. 5 00 Spafford, Joseph H.. 5 00 Spalding, Philip L... 5 00 Sparks, T. Ashley... 5 00 Sparks, Thomas W.. Sparre, Mrs. M. H.. Sparrow, Mrs. E. W. 5 00 5 00 5 00 Spaulding, W. M.... 10 00 Spear, Mrs. L. Y.... 10 00 Spear, Mrs. W. ‘age 5 00 Speare, Mrs. L. R.. 5 00 Speed, William S.... 10 00 Speer, John Z.. 5 00 Speer, Jos. McK.. 5 00 Speers, Mrs. J. M.. 5 00 Speir, Louis D...... 5 00 Spelman,Mrs.L.L.E.. 5 00 Spencer, Mrs. A. W.. 5 00 Spencer, Mrs. E.. 5 00 Spencer, Mrs. H. E.. 100 Spencer, Theodore. 5 00 Sperry, Hon. Lewis... 5 00 Speyer, Mrs. LEED: 5 00 Spitzer, Carl B.. I 00 Spokane Bird Club.. 5 00 Spong, Mrs. J.J R...100 00 Spooner, Miss M. L. 5 00 Sprague, Dr. F. P... 1000 Sprague, Howard Be 5 00 Sprague, -t.7L.. 6. 52: 7-00 Sprague, Mrs. I..... 1000 Sprague, Shaw...... 5 00 Spring, Anna Riker.. 5 00 Spring, Miss I. B.... 5 00 Spruance, W. C., Jr... 5:00 Stafford, Mrs. W. F.. 10 00 Stallman, Fei: -.. 5 00 Stambaugh, H. H... 5 00 Stanley, Mrs.1M. R.. .2 00 Staples, Frank T,... 5 00 Starkweather, ON ley eae J. Starr, Miss M. D.. Statham, Mrs. Noel. Staudt; Johnie... Stearly, Miss H. G.. Stearns, Alfred E... . Stearns, Mrs. F. K.. Stearns, Mrs. K. D.. Stearns, Mrs. W. F.. Stearns, Mrs. W. H.. Stearns, William S... Stebbins, Miss A. C.. Steedman, Mrs. C. J. Steele, Mary T...... Steers, James R..... Steffany, Miss D.... Stefler, Mrs. E. F.,. Steiner, Mrs. G. A... Steinmetz, C..P...... Steinway, F. T...... Stephens, Miss Ada. Stephens, Mrs. N.S.. Stephenson, F. M... Stephenson, R. S.... Sterling, Mrs. E..... Sterling, Willis B.. Stern, Albert:977 3... Stern, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin eae ea Sternberg, Mrs. A... Stetson, Francis L... Stevens, Miss B. T.. Stevens, Edward F.. Stevens, Miss F. H.. Stevens, Mrs. J. W.. Stevens, Leo. E..... Stevenson, Miss A... Stevenson, C. C..... Stevenson, Mrs. R. H. Steward, Campbell. . Steward, Miss Sarah. Stewart, A. M...... Stewart, Lispenard. . Stewart, Mrs. P. B.. Stick, Dr. H. Louis.. Stickley, Mrs. B. F.. Stickney, Mrs. E. C. Stillman, Charles and Leland........ Stillman, Mrs. oe Oe Stillman, Miss Liska. Stillman, Wm. M.... Stillwell, Mrs. L. B.. Stilwell, Miss M. C.. Stimson, Louis A... . Stimson, Miss M. Ay. Stinchfield, Mrs. C.. Stinson, Mrs. C. E.. otitling, WrRe.. :. . Stix. .Bimest Wry... 497 foal 498 : Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Stoddard, Miss E. I.. $5 00 Stoddard, Prof. F.H. 5 00 Stoehr, M. W....... 5 00 Stokes; Ay -Pus2Jti 3506 Stokes, Mrs. E. O... 10 00 Stokes, Mrs. I. N. P. 5 00 Stokes, J. G. Petco 500 Stokes; Lb. Wises i. 25-00 Stone, Miss A. M... 400 Stone, Mrs. A. L.... 500 Stone, Miss E. B.... 5 00 Stone, Miss E. J...- 5000 Stone, Mrs. E. M.... 5 00 Stone, Mrs. F. H.... 5 00 Stone, Mrs. H..i 2... 5 60 Stone, Herbert F.... 10 00 Stone, Mrs. R. B.... 600 Storey, Richard C... 5 00 Storey, Mrs. R. M... 3.00 Storrow, Mrs. J. J... 10 00 Storrs, Mrs. A. H.... 5 00 Stout, Andrew V.... 5.00 Stout, Mrs.C. A. 5-00 Stouts Pat 726s. 5 00 Strader, Benj. W.... 5:00 Strader, Bernard.... 500 Strattan, Mrs. G. W. 5 00 Stratton; Ci iiss ).. 5 00 Stratton, J. Ford..:..-°'5 90 Straus, Mrs. H. N... 5 00 Strauss, Albert...... 5 00 Strauss. Charles... . 35 00 Strauss, Frederick... 15 00 Streater, Miss K. J... 5 00 Street, Mrs. K. A.... 5 00 Street, Mrs. W. D.C. 200 Strickland, Kate E.. 5 00 Stringer, Mrs. E.C.. 2 00 Strong, Mrs. E. A... 500 Strony, EB. Bau. os5% Strong; Be Wises 5 00 Strong, Mrs. H. A... 5.00 Strong, Mrs. J. R.... 15 00 Strong, Selah B...:. 700 Strong, Theron G.... 5 00 Strong, Thomas W.. Struthers, Miss M.S. 5 00 Struthers, Mrs. R.,Jr. 5 00 Stryker, Miss E. W.. 1 00 Stuart, Mrs. C.C... 500 Studebaker, C., Jr... 5 00 Studley, Helen E.... 100 Sturgis, Dr. E. M... Sturvis. Joe Sturgis, Miss L. C... 5 00 Sturgis, S. W....... 5 00 Stursberg, Julius A.. ROW 6 SS 15 00 Stutzer, Herman.... 5 00 Sudduth, W. H..... 500 Sugden, Arthur W... 7 00 Sullivan, Mrs. E.S.. 7 00 Sumner, Mrs. F. B.. $5 00 Sundry Contributions 23 00 Sundstrand, Mrs. Gore eer a 25 OS Sunny, Mrs. B. E... 500 Sussdorff, Louis A... 5 00 Sussex Co. Nature Study Club...... 5 00 Swain, Edward A.... 700 wales, (BT 4500 Swan, Charles F..... 15 00 Swan, James A...... 500 Swan, Mrs. J. A..... 30 00 Swan, Mrs. R. T.... 5 00 Swan, William D.... 5 00 Swann, Mrs. A. D... 5 00 Swartz, Mrs. A. M.. 200 Swasey,(E. Roc oo 80 00 Sweet, Ora D.i.2..%...> 5 100 Swezey, Mrs. F. A... 5 00 Swift, Mrs. L. F..... 30 00 Swift, Mrs. Sarah J.. 600 Swift, Willard E..... 500 Swinerton, MissL.D. 400 Swope, Mrs. M. M.. 15 00 Sylvester, Mrs. H. F. 1 00 Symmes, Amelia M.. 5 00 Taber, Henry.io2. 3: I 00 Taber, Miss Mary... 200 Taber, Sydney R.... 500 Taber, Mrs. S. R.... 5 00 Taggart, Rush T.... 5 00 Tagliabue, Charles J. 5 00 Taintor, Charles W.. 5 Taintor, Henry: S..:.. 5 00 Taintor, Mrs. H.S.. 15 Palbog, Ore BS Ts Talbot, Miss Mary.. 7 Talbot, Richmond... 5 Pelbott; Hates 62515 Talcott, S000, <: 7 Talcott, Mrs. James. 30 00 Talley, Haskell B.... 5 00 Tanenbaum, Clara.. 1 00 Tanenbaum, Moses. 5.00 Tapley, Miss A. P... 25 00 Tappan, Mrs. W. H. 10 00 Pate Poe hoes 5 00 Taylor, Frederick M. 5 00 Taylor, H. A 5 00 Taylor, Dr. J. W.... 5 00 Taylor, John....... 5 00 Taylor, Miss M. C.. 100 Taylor, Mary I..... 100 TOVIGE Ry Bese es 5 00 Taylor, Samuel L.... 5 00 15 00 Taylor,Mrs.W.R.K.. 5 00 Tefft, Erastus T..... 5 00 Temple, Miss A. B.. 5 00 Tener, Mrs. G. E.... 10 00 Terrell, Clyde B..... 7.00 Terry, Miss Frances. 3 00 Tewksberry, G. W...$10 00 Thacher, Mrs. J. B.. 10 00 haw. Coca as I5 00 Thaw, Mrs. Wm., Jr. 5 00 Thaxter, John..:.’.. I0 00 Thayer, Mr. and Mrs. Frank B..... 200 Thayer,Mrs.G.A.,Jr.. Thayer, Mrs. G. R.. 1000 ‘Thayer, Fh Bes s<3 Thayer, Mrs. J. E... 10 00 Thayer, Miss Ruth. 500 Thayer, Mrs. S. E... 500 Thibault, Henry C.. 5 00 Thibaut, Mrs. N. J... 5 00 Thomas, Miss B. H.. 500 Thomas, Mrs. F..... Thomas, Mrs. G. C.. 20 00 Thomas, Dr. H. G... 100 Thomas, Mrs. H. N.. 5 00 Thomas, Mrs. H. L.. 20 00 Thomas, Miss M. P.. Thomas, Mrs. Theo.. Thompson, C. D.... 1000 Thompson, C. H.... 100 Thompson,Mrs. D.B. 15 00 Thompson, Mrs. F.F. 25 00 Thompson, Miss G.. 5 00 Thompson, H. O.... Thompson, Mrs.H.W. Thompson,Mrs.J.W.. 5 00 Thompson, Miss L.C. Thompson,MissM.B. 5 00 Thompson, R. B.... ‘Phomeon, Jukes a. 5 00 Thomson, Dr. W. H. Thorndike, Albert... 5 00 Thorne, Edwin..... Thorne, Jonathan... 15 00 Thorne, Samuel, Jr.. 5 00 Thorne, W. V. S..... 20.00 Thornton, Miss M.C. 5 00 Thorp, Miss E. H... 100 Thorp, Mrs. J. G.... 1000 Thrall, Mrs. W. G... Thresher, J. Bao. es I 00 Tibbals, Mrs. S. J... Tibbits, Mrs. C. H.. 5 00 Tibbits, Dudley.... 2000 Tiemann, Miss E.W.. to 00 Tiffany, Mrs. C. L... 5 00 Tilden, Mrs. G. T... Tillinghast,Mrs.C.F. 5 00 Timmerman, Miss E. Bay crs hee werd 50 Timolat, Louis K.... 5 00 Tinkham, J. R...... 25 00 Tipton County Bird Chibi ute on 5 00 Titsworth, H. H..... 5 00 Titus, ij prees van es 5 00 Tjader, Miss M..... 500 Tobin; Bi fis eS ee — — List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued Tod, J. Kennedy... Toland, Leigh. .... Tompkins, MissE.M. Tooker, Edmund C.. Topliff, Miss A. E... Torrey, Mrs. E..... Tower, Miss F. E.... Tower, Mrs. K. D... Tower, Mrs. R. G... Townley, J. M..... Townsend, Mrs. C... Townsend, H. H.. Townsend, J. B. » Jr T ownsend, I: H.. Townsend, Mrs. R.. Townsend, Wm. S.. Tracy. Ce: Tracy, Mrs. J.J., Sr Trafton, Miss F. D.. Trainer, Charles W.. Trask, Mrs. Spencer. Traut, George W.... Travelli, Mrs. C. I... Troescher, A. F..°.... Trotta, Dominic A... Troup, Charles A. S. Trowbridge, J. N.... Trowbridge, Mrs. N. F, Trowbridge, Wm. B. Troy, Mrs. P. M.. Trube, Miss M. F... Truber, Mrs. W. E.. Trussell, Arthur J... Tubbs, F. Dean..... Tucker, Carll.z. 2:2... Tucker, Mrs. D. G.. Tuckerman, Alfred. . Tuckerman, L. C.. TuesdaySorosisClub. Tufts, Mrs. J. A.. Tullsen, H.. Tunnell, Mrs. F. W.. Turnbull, Mrs. R.. Turnbull, Mrs. S. A.. Turner, Mrs. G. M.. Turner, Miss H. I... Turner, Miss M. E.. Tusler, Wilbur H... . Tuttle, Carlisle J.... Tuttle, Donald S.... Tuttle, Miss Jane. . Tuveson, Nels A... . Tuxbury, Miss L. E. Tweedy, Edgar.... Twitchell, Mrs. H. F. Tyson, Carroll S.... Lyezer; Dro Ee Bee. Uihlein, Edward G.. Ullman, H. M....... Ulman, Ludwig.... .$10 00 Todd; Av Ms: he ae ‘Todd; Geo W2...: 5 00 Ulmann, Mrs. C. J.. $5 00 Ulster Garden Club. 5 00 Underhill, Mrs. W.M. 5 00 Underhill, W.-P:.>... «5.00 University Society, bic. (ihe) es. 10 00 Untermyer, Mrs. I... 15 00 Upson, Mrs. H. S... 1000 Upson, Mrs. W. H... 5 00 Uptegraff, Alex. G... 5 00 Usher oC. Joes 5 00 Usher, REG. I 00 Utley, Mrs. Samuel. 5 00 Vail, Carl M.. 7 00 Vail, RDS Es, abe tines es 5 00 Vail, Miss Sarah A.. 100 Vaillant, Miss M. J... 5 00 Valentine, L. L...... 10 00 Valentine, Miss M... Valentine, Dr. W. A. 500 Van Antwerp, Rev. Bo Seat miei agen et ge 5 00 Van Antwerp, Miss Gertrude A....... 5 00 Van Bergen, R. E... 5 00 Van Brunt, :J.-R:..-x- Vance, Wee Muncie". x Vandergrift, S. H.... 3000 Vanderlip, Mrs. F. A. 10 00 Vanderpoel, A. E.... 1000 VanderVeer, Dr. A.. 10 00 Van Dusen, E. F....' 5 00 Van Dyke, Dr. T... =: 5.00 Van Eck, Baroness ee pee bie aint oa ee 5 00 Van Gerbig, Mrs. B.. 500 Van Gieson, Mrs. H. 5 00 Van Huyck, Ji-Mine 700 Van Ingen, Mrs. E.H. 600 Van Kennen, G. E... 5 00 Vann, Irving D..... 500 Vann, Hon. I. G.... 5 00 Van Name, R. G.... 1000 Van Norden, O. H... 5.00 Van Santvoord, S... 500 Van Sinderen, Mrs. St CEM st ci eo 5 00 Van Sinderen, Mrs. REAR a eis wakes 5 00 Van Vechten, Mrs.R. 5 00 Van Voorhees, Bios Son Van Voorhis, Mrs. H. 1S DLS amet Qn eae Io 00 Van Wagenen, Mrs. ee ar ae er oe ees 2 00 VanWagenen, H. W.. 25 00 Van Winkle, E. B.. 5 00 Van Winkle, Miss WERT Vee ccs (ele) Van Wyck, Philip... 5 00 Vanek Mits: ine 533° 1- 06 Varick, Dr. and Mrs. William R... 10 00 499 Varicle, Miss R..... $5 00 Vassar Wake Robin Cha eo ont 5 00 Vaughan, C. W..... 500 Vaughan, Mrs. H. G. 10 00 Vaux, Miss Meta... 10 00 Veeder; Curtis Hu... 5 00 Vermilion Audubon SOCIOL.) Gina Seok 5 00 Vermilye, Miss J. T.. 200 Vermont Bird Club. 5 00 Vernon, Miss M..... 5 00 Vernon, Mrs. R. R.. 15 00 Verplanck, De L.. I 00 Vibert, C. W.. 5 00 Vibert, Miss Eveline. 5 00 Vichery, Mrs. H.-F... 5.00 Vietor, Edward W... 5 00 Vigo County Bird iD eee eae 5 00 Vincent, W. D...... I 00 Violet, BOWis . ico. 5 2 DO Voigt, Frederick. .. 5 00 Volger, Bot. occ. 5 00 von Arnin, Miss A.. 1000 von Brecht, Frank.. 5 00 Von Jenkel, Robert... 5 00 Vonnegut, George... 200 von Stade, F.5S..... 5 06 von Wettberg, E. F. 5 00 Vorhies, Charles T... 5 00 Vreeland, Mrs. L. E. 5 00 Vuilleumier, Dr.J. A. 5 00 Wadleigh Students’ Association....... 5 00 Wadsworth, C. S.... 25 00 Wadsworth, Samuel. 5 00 Wadsworth,R. C. W. (In Memoriam)... 10 00 Wadsworth, Mrs. Ww. AMSUIG y © os I0 00 Wadsworth, W.M... 5 00 Wagner, Prof. G..... 5 00 Wagner, Miss V..... 500 Waid, D. Everett.... 100 Wainwright, Miss A. eS eink gto 5 00 Waite, Frank A.. 5 00 Wakely, Dr. W. ie o LOIOO Wakeman,S.H..... 500 Walcott, F.C.:..... 5 00 Waldeck, J. al Cee 5 00 Walden, Mrs.P.T... 5 00 Wales, Edward H.... 10 00 Walker, eM go 4 5 00 Walker, Charles C... 15 00 Walker Cok... 25; =, $00 Walker, Edwin H.... 10 00 Walker, Grants... 5 00 Walker, Mrs.G.A... 5 00 Walker, Miss M.C... 10 00 Walker, Dr. RL... .. 5 00 Walker, Thaddeus... 10 00 500 Bird - Lore ANNUAL MEMBERS AND. CONTRIBUTORS, continued WatertownBirdClub. $5 00 Walker, Mrs. T....... Walker, William B... Walker, W.1........ Wallace, Mrs. A. B... Wallace, Mrs. A. H... Wallace, Frank B.... Wallace, Miss H. E.. Wallace. Herbert I... Wallace, James N.. . Wallace, Jas. S...... Wallace, Mrs. L. H.. Wallick, Mr. and Mrs. John F...... Wallner, Louis W.... Walser, Guy O...... Walter, Mrs. H. E... Walton, Curtis...... Walton, Frank S.... Walton, Miss L. FE... Walworth, Miss J. R. Wampler, Fo C.ices Wanamaker, John... Warburg, Miss E... . Warburg,Mrs. F.M.. Ward, Mrs: Cabot. . Ward, Charles W.... Ward, Mrs. E. B.... Ward, Edward L.... Ward; RR. B.ces. 4-< Ware, Mrs. H. F.: Warfield, Mrs. W. S. Jr.. Waring, ‘Edw. J. Warner, Mrs. Gis Warner, Mrs. C. E.. Warner, Edward P.. Warner, F.-W.... 2. Warner, Mrs. G. M.. Warner, Mrs. H. A.. Warner, Mrs. I. DeV. Warner, Mrs. L. C... Warren, Miss C...... Warren, Mrs. E. K.. Warren, Ellen W.... Warren, Mrs. E. W.. Warren, George C... Warren, Mrs. H. M.. Warren, Mrs. S. D... Warren, Mrs. W. P.:? Warren, Mrs. Wm... Washington State Federation of Women’s Clubs... Wason, Charles W... Wason, Lawrence W. Wason, L. C.. Wasson, 8 A.: Waterbury Club.. Waterhouse, Mrs.F.A Waterman, MissM.E. Waters, Mrs. F. H... Waters, Mrs. R. J... Bird $5 00 IO 00 5 00 5 00 3 00 50 00 3,00 5 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 Watrous, Mrs. E.... Watrous, George D.. Watson, Alfred. Watson, Miss E. A.. Watson, Mrs. J. S... Watson, Jane S..... Watson, Mr. and Mrs. ¥, ABS re Watson, Miss L. H.. Watson, Mrs. R. C.. Watt, Mrs. H. C.... Wattles, Mrs. R. W.. Watts, John.. ay. Watts, Mrs. L. B.. Wayne, Richard. Wead hier eras Wearne, Harry..... Weaver, Mrs. B. P.. Weaver, Miss S. W.. Weaver, Dr. W: B.. Webb, George tS Webb, J. Griswold. . Webb, Mrs. J. W... Webb, Mrs. J. W. S. WebberRo Hess... Webber, Mrs. W. G. Webster, Mrs. E. H. Webster, Edwin S... Webster, Mrs. E. S.. Webster, George H.. Webster, George K.. Webster, Janet S.. Webster, Lok Webster, Mrs. L. F.. Weeks, Andrew Gis: Weeks, ah wees Bat Op oe Weeks, W. B. P..... -Wehrhane, Charles. . Wehrle, August..... Wehrle sAi Pir a8 Weiler, Henry C.... Weirs, Mrs. A. K.... Weiss, Mrs. C.S.... Weitling, Wm. W.... Welch, Mrs. A. A.... Welch, Charles W... Welch, Drees. Welch, BoaeW ie. Welch, Lewis S...... Welch, Miss M. C... Welch, Pierce N..... Welch, Mrs Peni. Weld, Mrs. C. M.... Weld, Mrs. E. M.... Weld, Rev. G. F.... Wellendorff, C. A.... Welles, Mary P..... Wellesley College Bird -Clupeier aw Wellington, Miss H. M I 00 2 00 Wellington, S. W.... Wells, Mrs. F. L.... Wells, Mrs. John.... Wells! W:..Si.00. tas Welton,“ Aswatur. Welton, Miss N. M.. Wemple, Wm. Y.... Wendell, H. F....... Wentworth,Mrs.C.F. Wentworth, E. L.... Wentworth, Mrs.T.F. Wessell, Arthur L.. . Wesson, Mrs. W. H. West, Mrs. ‘C. L... .. West. He pater West; Dre Wma? West, Dr. W. E..... Westheimer, S. J.... Weston, Dr. E...... Weston, Miss Helen. Weston, ] Wess Westover, M.F..... West Tennessee Audubon Society.. West Virginia Audu- bon Society. ..... Wetherill, S. P...... Wetherill, W. H..... Wetherspoon, Mrs. Eleanor Eee ace Wetmore, Mrs. C.W. Wetmore, Miss E. M. Wetmore, Edmund.. Wetmore, G. P...... Wexford County Humane Assn. ... Wharton, Wm. P... Wheat, Mrs. C...... Wheeler, C. W. B... Wheeler, Frank P... Wheeler, H. C...... Wheeler, J. D.v. 2... Wheeler, Miss L..... Wheeler, Mrs. L. F.. Wheeler, The Misses Wheeler, 8. H....... Wheelock, W. E..... Wheelwright, Mrs. A. ret Yee ae a eee ok Wel TOK ta ets Whipple, Mrs. H. B.. Whitbeck, Mrs.C.H.. White, Av M. oo: White, Alfred T..... White: B. V.; Jri. ¢:. White, Charles E... . White, Miss H...... White, Mrs. H. C... White, Miss H. H.. . White, Mrs. H. K.,Jr. White, John Bui... : White, John Jay.... $2 00 25 00 10 00 5 00 I 00 I 00 5 00 5 00 3.00 2 00 5 00 5 00 10 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 I5 00 5 00 5 00 10 00 2 00 10 00 5 00 5 00 I oo I 00 5 00 5 00 IO 00 5 00 20 00 5 00 . 500 00 15 00 5 00 I 00 5 00 5 00 5 00 4 00 5 00 5 00 Io 00 % oon aioe : eh ial AK List of Members ANNUAL MEMBERS AND CONTRIBUTORS, continued White, Miss M...... $5 00 White, Martha R.... 10 00 White Memorial Foundation, ¢:.%: +. 5 00 White, Roger S......° § 00 White, Mrs.oRe F500 White, Mrs. T. H... 15 00 White, Mrs. W. C.... 5:00 White, Mrs. W. M... 5 00 White, Mrs..W.T... 5 00 Whitehouse, Mrs. C. fOr CeCe unas 500 Whiteman,Mrs.J.H.. 100 Whitin, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur F.... 20.00 Whiting, Miss G.... 500 Whiting, Mrs. J. K.. 500 Whiting, Mrs. S. B.. 10 00 Whitman, Wm. 5S... 5.00 Whitney, A. R...... 5 00 Whitney, Caspar.... 500 Whitney, David C... 5 00 Whitney, Mrs. Eli... 10 00 Whitney, Frank.... 500 Whitney, Mrs. G. G. 10 00 Whitney, Mrs. H.O. 500 Whittey.- Poi... 20 00 Whiton, Miss Mary B. and Miss Bangs 600 Whiton, Mrs. S$. G... 5 00 Whitson, A, U2... 5 00 Whittemore, C. L.. 5 00 Whittemore, Miss G. ger eee 5 00 Wittcdinee Harris. 5 00 Whittemore, 3220: Alsr5 60 Whittier, Albert E... 5 00 Whittle, W. O...... I 00 Whittlesey, H. C.... 600 Wiard. W.W.. . =, .. 5 00 Wiborg, F. B....... 5 00 Widmann, Otto...... 5 00 Wierman, Miss S.... 5 00 Wigglesworth,Mrs.E. 35 00 Wigglesworth, G.... 1000 Wigglesworth,Mrs.G. 10 00 Wilbour, Theodora . 15 00 Wilbur, Mrs. F. M.. 10 00 Wilbur, Mr. and DTS. Oe ee) 8.00 Wilcox, Ansley...... 5 00 Wilcox, Mrs. A...... 5.00 Wilcox, Mrs. F. L.. 5 00 Wilcox, Pere, 5 00 Wilcox, Mrs. F. P... 10 00 Wilcox, Mrs. Je Ps. I 00 Wilcox, Bee PS ee 000 Wilder, Mrs. A...... I 00 Wilder, Charles P... 100 Wild Life Protective Society of Milwau- kee . i SOO Wiley, - Allen...... 5 00 Wilkens, H. A. J.... $5 00 Wilkerson, Miss G.S. 5 00 Wilkeson, Mary J... 100 Wilkinson, F........ 2 00 Willcox, Miss K. A.. 200 Willcox: WaeGis, 25." 5) 00 Willenbrock, Mrs. F. 11 00 Willets, Mrs. J. T... 1000 Wallets S2:Py Woe 560 Williams, Alex S.... 10 00 Williams, Mrs. B.T.. t0 00 Williams, Mrs. C. D. 75 00 Williams, C. E...... IO 00 Williams, Mrs. D. W. 700 Williams, E. A...... 5 00 Williams, Miss E. F. 10 00 Williams, Dr. E. R. 500 Williams, Mrs. F. H. 5 00 Williams, Mrs. G. H. 500 Wilhams; Gol 3s: 5 00 Willams Eo Seo a. 2 00 Williams, John D.... 1000 Williams, John G.... 50 Williams, Miss M. T. 25 00 Williams, M., Jr..... 1000 Willams; R. Boi... I5 00 Williams, Miss S.... 1000 Williams, Mrs. S.-M. t0 00 Williams, Mrs. T.S.. 5 00 Williamson, C. A. G. 200 Williamson West Va. Audubon Society.. 5 00 Williamstown Bird Chub: 5 00 Willis, Miss A... IO 00 Willis, RS aie ee 15 00 Wis. W-Peceks 2 20 00 Williston, Mrs. B. F. 1 00 Williston, Mrs. M. 1 REIS eer etre 2 00 Wills, Miss M. M.. 5 00 Willson, Miss L. B... 10 00 Wilmarth, Mrs. H.M. 5 00 Wilson, Miss A. E... 5 00 Walson; Ac) ee 5 00 Wilson, Miss A. M.. 700 Wilson, Mrs. E. S... 1000 Wilson, Mrs. F...... 1000 Wilson, Orme, Jr.... 5 00 Wilson, Mrs. M. O.. 5 00 Wis0n WES eee 5s eS Oo Wilson, Philip S..... 500 Wilson, Mrs. R. J... 5 00 Wimbledon Bird CMO aries I 00 Winchendon W o- man’s Club.. EEL O6 Winchester Repeat- ing Arms Co.. 5 00 Winchester, Mrs. W.F 5.00 Wineburgh, M...... 5 00 Wing Asa