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Seneernretied ata " Reset Lercturet4rasan me wer eraict re tr Ot rae aeavat ina} x 4 ; % sri nind tendys av 3 a ‘ 3 { < ee 7 My ‘ Rrra pret f" ies bane a re, ps ; , : : i ; cet : ; ote Mi pitibne crore Aen he toe irae i Shih i “ eh Sata wine? ¢ rwerwyTys-~ << Tae y..~ & | ee He . y Nv Witt WHS Gy" we ob ~~ — war) SO vw if ty <<< we - ote Be PADI AAD J ¥ hay i VUUren -Sliwe es ms _ ~~~ GSM AGT RE ie vy ve easvevuerreueieuuges raw eteueee wey ve duvweses RR ee SARA RAAAA EAE ELS Aware RTS Oe wow g Awe, Uyyvve.. dh Oe VV furry s. / Uyy eee ae w wyuslts oriywrrstuyn ert Sh UC weuetty wesyrere ae asec eV YS TENN TINT Lette: geeee ¥yuss 4 Bh ee Ww ow we wwe WV SVEVIYMY ~~ ww SRE A TS wae GAARA so WAPI hd FI ae vy vv . . “veer Papers CON AIA d Rade , ove oe FO One eee duuee SUEeett Sec e eas yuUuUy Vyuee Ppagarns deed SL | fe fl we (UB BES 2 wh hes Se BEPC CO VSESSCSS PRS OA + fee ns CSA a wer ws AAS WS Vi Usyuury, Vv SN CWI EMA we wy AY pgurrCigetpemeuretiy en. Oe e GANS Cc BOVE geupene va od GOSS WE VESS LEES wd ee, v Serh ot we = te SeeTOU ES evekons Wo woeabeeee seuteee - ress Y POPU ITOBIE SS we USO 7 vewe- : NAS we f= wv ~wem~ ww ] ede Se eae , nnd hd at SulvTly “Vurvuyy rouse wy ~wwe wow a ~ AA a Evers gee. Nip Swe wy» SY ver} wf v wuevurv OS = wv ~yw® POG IPSRISASS IAN iiyrete Sy eB tie AAAPAAT we th hh M4 > ~ vy - SAAR II IAS TSA wh AAALAL WP MAIN aS Re) st: Se - hes SHeEETS v.- a> si aaa Be j Soe RN ed eS wv AIDA DSL ASIST ahh AAA AA DAR ~ we ~ || ae SSS Ua oe vou rid / cht TS TAL Ahaha SIDE” hed TS vuv? Ub Ae'teaed ~ Saeed tot RAAT ws U pwtnn RAAAA he didhhe uy veut y Aovve — “SETH BSrpvewsey! Suv” ww ty ‘3 wyevver uf Cu oe WI ‘A we Ti Ub wewetes awe vu ¥ Nile a PI SL Mo 7 ws s# . vote wees I eet | soveddDyyt" lu v''y Dd AAA NA Dad abe bd | ew gviigw ¥ = Ee tw One VUS yy VESy Swywey” een, guumey y yey? wae ,we ‘ 5 . ‘ b f + te ‘ i THE AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGIST Issued by The Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales Vol. 5.—1927-1929. WITH FORTY-ONE PLATES, NS % m7 ‘Ye, And Numerous Text-figures. VS 1&6 4 y) Y f{ ha At EZ i} H Wel iA fe UI j ) if \ A ra Wi . ~~ Vv. ho Me So NAL MUS Sydney: Printed and Published for the Society by The Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co., Ltd., Sydney. SOLD BY THE SOCIETY. INDEX TO VOLUME 5. Anderson, C., The Incisor Teeth of the Macropodinae, 105. Aquarium, Taronga Park, 113, 256. Australian Buprestidae, A Check List of the, by H. a Carter (Keys, eta, by Andre Théry, and plates by Cedric Deane), Australian Pherevidae, Revisional Notes on, by jaw = tan 151. Bass Strait Islands, Notes on some Mammals from, by A. S. Le Souef, 329. Bird Observing, Intensive, 128. Bird of Providence, The, by Tom Iredale, 358. Blanchard, Frank N., Re-discovery of Crinia tasmaniensis, 324. Carter, H. J., A Check List of the Australian Buprestidae, 265. Chisholm, E. C., Further additional Fauna of the Comboyne Plateau, 333. Crinia tasmaniensis, Re-discovery of, by Frank N. Blanchard, 324. Crustacea of the Capricorn and Bunker Groups, by Melbourne Ward, 241. Dakin, W. J., Appointment to Chair of Zoology, Sydney University, 204. Fauna of the Comboyne Plateau, Further additional, by E. C. Chisholm, 333. Faunal Problems, by J. R. Kinghorn, 205. Female Birds in Plumage-display and Song-mimiery, by P. A. Gilbert, 141. Ferguson, Eustace William, Obituary, 114. Finlay, H. J., Notes on New Zealand and Australian Gymnoblastic Hydroids, 257. Fishes of New South Wales, Additions to the Check List of, by Gilbert P. Whitley, 353. Flowers, The Hon. Frederick, Obituary, 361. Fur Farming, 131. Gilbert, P. A., Female Birds in Plumage-display and Song-mimicry, 141. Great Barrier Reef, 262. Great Barrier Reef Committee, 129. Great Barrier Reef Nature Study Expeditions, 9. Harrison, Launcelot, Obituary, 132. Hull, A. F. Basset, Tom Iredale and, Loricates of the Neozelanic Region, 305. Iredale, Tom, and Hull, A. F. Basset, Loricates of the Neozelanic Region, 305. —_______., Bird of Providenee, 388. ————__—,, Strange Molluscs in Sydney Harbour, 337. Jaques, Alfred Edmund, Obituary, 137. Kinghorn, J. R., Faunal Problems, 205. Le Souef, A. S., Notes on some Mammals from Bass Strait Islands, 329. , The Macropus robustus group of Kangaroos, 247. Loricates of the Neozelanic Region, by Tom Iredale and A. F. Basset Hull, 305. Macropodinae, The Incisor Teeth of the, by C. Anderson, 105. Macropus robustus group of Kangaroos, The, by A. 8. Le Souef, 247. Malloch, J. R., Some further remarks on Pachyneres australis, 138. Mann, John S., Revisional Notes on Australian Therevidae, 151. McAndrew, George William, Obituary, 362. Mimiery in Insects, A New Theory of, by A. J. Nicholson, 10. Native Bear, Life of in captivity, 332. New Zealand and Australian Gymnoblastic Hydroids, by H. J. Finlay, 257. Nicholson, A. J., A New Theory of Mimicry in Insects, 10. Ovisposition following decapitation, in Planaria pinguis, by Doris A. Selby, 148. Pachyneres australis, Some further remarks on, by J. R. Malloch, 138. Paradice, William Edward John, Obituary, 124. Presidential Addresses :— J. R. Kinghorn, 205. A. J. Nicholson, 10. Reviews, 126, 261. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales:— Annual Reports, 1, 195. Articles of Association, Amendment of, 8. News Members, 129, 197, 264. Rule, A New, 127. The Society’s Jubilee, 263. Selby, Doris A., Oviposition following decapitation in Planaria pinguis, 148. Sections :— Biological Survey, 5, 200. Entomological, 5, 200. Marine Zoological, 5, 200. Ornithological, 6, 202. Syllabus of Meetings, 127, 204. Strange Molluses in Sydney Harbour, by Tom Iredale, 337. Taronga Park Aquarium, 113, 256. Therevidae, Revisional Notes on Australian, by John §. Mann, 151. Tisiphone, A Second Monograph of the Genus, by G. A. Waterhouse, 217. Waterhouse, G. A., A Second Monograph of the Genus Tisiphone, 217. Whitley, Gilbert P., Additions to the Check List of the Fishes of New South Wales (No. 2), 353. Issued by the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales Bdited by A. P, BASSET HULL, 0.F.A.0.0. Vol. 5—Part 1 (Price, 6/-.) Sydney, November 18, 1927. All communications to be addressed to the Hon. Secretary, Box 2399, General Post Office, Sydney. } ; 2 Sydney: ‘Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Co., Ltd., 29 Alberta St.. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales : Established 1879. REGISTERED UNDER THE COMPANIES ACT, 1899 aan). COUNCIL, 1927-1928. President: J. Roy Kinghorn, C.M.Z.8. Vice-Presidents: Professor Launcelot Harrison, B.A., B.Se., G. Athol Waterhouse, D.Sc., B.E., F.E.S., Aubrey Hallorss, B.A. LLB., and A. J. Nicholson, M.Se. Members: E. J. Bryce. W. W. Froggatt, F.LS. | Neville W. Cayley. 5 A. Musgrave. A. H. Chisholm. KE. F. Pollock, J.P. Robert C. Dixson, J.P. — David G. Stead. E. A. D’Ombrain, M.B., B.S. Eilis Le G. Troughton. ‘OFFICERS. Hon. Secretary and Editor: A. F. Basset Hull, C.F.A.0.U. Hon. Treasurer: Phillip Shipway. Hon. Librarian: A. S. Le Souef, C.M.Z.S. Hon. Auditor: E. E. Coates. Orricers OF SECTIONS. © Entomological Section. Biological Survey Section. Chairman: G. Athol Waterhouse, D.Se. Chairman: Professor Launcelot Harrison. B.E., F.E.S., , - Hon. Secretary: I. A. Mackerras;, MB.. Vice-Chairman: H. J. Carter, B.A., F.E.S. ~Ch.M. a Hon. Secretary: G. M. Goldfinch. Hon. Treasurer. @. Athol ‘Waterhouse, D.Be, iN Ornithological . Sects ‘B.E., F.E.S. Pen : ply! ag le hel Committee: Professor Griffith Taylor, Chairman : Clifford Coles. ; fessor W. R. Browne, A. J. Nicho Vice-Chairman: A. §. Le Souef. i M. Se., Neville W. Cayley, and E eel. ds - Hon. Secretary: Neville W. Cayley. Committee: A. H. Chisholm, P. A. Gilbert, / Marine Zoological Section. — J. R. Kinghorn, M. 8. R. Sharland, and Chairman: T. C. Roughley. $ H. Wolstenholme. Hon. Secretary: F. A. MeNeill. Shee iyie Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. THE ANNUAL MEETING. The 1926-7 Annual General Meeting was held at the Union Hall, University of Sydney, on Tuesday, 25th July, 1927, at 8 p.m., forty-five members and visitors being present. The President (Mr. A. J. Nicholson, M.Se.), read the following report :— THE ANNUAL REPORT. On 30th June, 1927, there were 408 members on the Register, divided into the various categories as follows:—Life members 27, ordinary members 254, life associate members 20, associate members 100, honorary members 6, honorary associate member 1. Four members died during the year, six resigned, the names of seventeen members were removed from the Register, and thirty-two new mem- bers were elected, giving a net increase of five members. The Society has again suffered loss by death. Of one of its oldest and most valued members, Mr. Charles Hedley died in September, 1926. An obituary notice and portrait of this dis- tinguished scientist was published in The Australian Zoologist (November 30, 1926). Mr. Henry Luke White died on the 30th May, 1927. He was a life member of this Society, and had contributed articles to The Australian Zoologist. Mr. E. Howard, solicitor, Yass, and Mr. Herbert E. Rae, of Sydney, both members of the Society for some years, also died during the year. The Council. Owing to his intended departure from Sydney, Mr. D. G. Stewart, Honorary Treasurer, resigned his seat on the Council in December, 1926, and Mr. Phillip Shipway was elected Honorary Treasurer in his stead. Dr. E. W. Ferguson resigned from the Council in March, 1927, on account of continued ill-health. Mr. A. H. Chisholm and Dr. W. E. J. Paradice were elected to fill the vacancies on the Council. Nine meetings of Council were held during the year, at which the attendances were:—Messrs. Nicholson and Musgrave 9, Messrs. Hull and Shipway 8, Dr. D’Ombrain and Mr. Troughton 7, Messrs. Halloran, Cayley, Kinghorn, Stead, and Dr. Waterhouse 6, Messrs. Dixcon and Pollock 5, Professor Harrison 4, Mr. Froggatt and Dr. Eonadties 3, Messrs. Bryce, Chisholm and Stewart 2, onl Dr. Ferguson 1. Leave of lesen was granted to Messrs. Bryce and Froggatt who are absent on extended European and American tours. 2 ANNUAL REPORT. Sections. The sectional meetings maintain their popularity, and are well attended by enthusiastic specialists, with a sprinkling of other members. It is to be re eretted that ordinary and associate members do not take more advantage of these meetings, which are generally conducted in such a manner as to provide interest- ing matter for the least expert member. Lecturettes, lantern slides, and exhibits are ‘always features of the meetings, and the discussions are quite within the definition of “popular.” From time to time members write to the Hon. Secretary suggesting that more popular meetings should be held, but they apparently over- look the fact that there are three such meetings on stated evenings in each month. The Australian Zoologist. Two parts of this journal were issued during the year, completing volume four. It is hoped to increase the issue for next year, and members are invited to contribute papers, photographs for reproduction, and notes of zoological interest. Publications. A second edition of the late A. R. McCulloch’s “Fishes of New South Wales” has been prepared. It contains a supplement compiled by Mr. Gilbert P. Whitley, recording the additions made to our fish fauna since the first edition was published (1922). Issued in paper wrappers at the remarkably low price of two shillings, it should meet with a steady demand. The “Monograph of the Australian Loricates” by Messrs. Iredale and Hull which appeared in sections in The Australian Zoologist, has been prepared for issue in book form, and is now obtainable, price five shillings Finances. The funds of the Society are in a very satisfactory state, notwithstanding that there are no donations to be recorded for the past year. Aquarium at Taronga Park. The Aquarium at Taronga Park has now been opened to the public, and a full.description of this splendid addition to the attractions of the Park will be given elsewhere in The Australian Zoologist. It will not be open free to mem- bers of this Society, who will be required to pay the same amount as the general ’ public. The reason for this is that the Aquarium has cost £18,000 to construct and equip, and a substantial financial return is naturally looked for by the Trust. Further, it is considered that the privileges already granted to members constitute a very liberal return for their subscriptions. Amendment of Articles. Some important suggestions as to alteration of the Articles of Association of the Society will be submitted to members for their consideration. At present the number of ordinary members is not specifically limited by the Articles, but, as the Society can only issue three hundred passes to Taronga Park, it is con- sidered desirable to restrict the ordinary membership to that number. Provision is to be made for the removal from the Register of the names of members who are six months in arrears with their subscriptions. It is found that some mem- ANNUAL REPORT. 3 bers leave the city or the vicinity of Taronga Park, and no longer require the privileges of admission thereto, but neglect to send in their formal resignations. In the past the Society has been unable to create a vacancy until the member has been unfinancial for over twelve months. It is also proposed to authorise the Council to confer honorary titles upon members or other persons who con- tribute substantially to the funds of the Society, or who by rendering valuable personal service to the Society or to Australian zoology merit some form of re- cognition. It is anticipated that an opportunity will shortly be afforded this Society of joining in the great movement for a Science House, in which all the scientific societies may carry on their work, and funds will be required for the purpose of enabling this Society to be adequately and worthily represented. Representation on Park Trusts. Reference has already been made in The Australian Zoologist to the appoint- ment of several members of this Society as Trustees of the great Parks. It is a matter upon which the Society may fairly express its gratification. The Library. Extensive additions have been made to the shelving in the large room in the Administrative Building at the upper entrance to Taronga Park which the Trustees have placed at the disposal of the Society. Numerous additions to the Library are now made more easily accessible to members, and Mr. A. 8. Le Souef, who occupies the adjoining room, has kindly consented to act as Librarian and to issue books (during the day-time) to members requiring them. The Honorary Treasurer (Mr. Phillip Shipway) then presented the balance sheet, which follows. (Page 4). Councillors Re-electéad. The retiring Councillors were Drs. E. A. D’Ombrain and W. EH. J. Paradice, Messrs. A. H. Chisholm, W. W. Froggatt, A. Musgrave, and E. F. Pollock, all of whom were re-elected. Officers for 1927-8. At a meeting of Council, held on 11th August, 1927, the following m were elected officers for the year ending 30th June, 1928 :— President: J. R. Kinghorn, C.M.Z.S. Vice-Presidents: Professor L. Harrison, Dr. G. A. Waterhouse, Aubrey Halloran, and A. J. Nicholson, M.Se. Honorary Secretary and Editor: A. I’. Basset Hull, C.F.A.0.11. Honorary Treasurer: Phillip Shipway. Honorary Librarian: A. S. Le Souef, C.M.Z.S. ROYAL ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES BALANCE SHEET FOR YEAR ENDING 30th JUNE, 1927. LIABILITIES. ASSETS. 4 £ os. d. Capital Account— £ d & said Capital “Accounta.puacive ener etoa ee meane eno LO) 10 Commonwealth Inscribed Income Account .. . St yareeceeneh aise BLOOD, 18," 7 Stock (f ~v $650) 2. ee, 262i OmO Handbook Fund Account Sa Aeon ee i eeeeeoOn OL NS.W. Funded Stock (f. v. £50) Maney 50 0 0 N.S.W. Debentures (E. v. £100) 100 0 0 — 791 0 0 Income Account— Commercial Banking Co. of Sydney... 5 411 Government Savings Bank . 95.13 8 ——— 100 18 7- Handbook Fund Account— War Bonds (f. vy. £200) .. .. 188 5 0 Government Savings Bank . 41) ORE In. Hand... 34. 24, Hesthesis variegatus Fab. (C. Cerambycidae) about to fly from flower of Leptospermum. X 13. : Plate ITI, Bimia bicolor White (C. Cerambycidae). >< 1 1-3. Aciptera waterhousei Pase. (C. Cerambycidae). > 1 1-3. Agapete carissima Newm. (C. Cerambycidae). < 1 1-3. Erinus mimula Pase. (C. Cerambyecidae). < 23. Pseudocephalus mirus Pase. (C. Cerambycidae). 23. Ochyra coarctata Pase. (C. Cerambyeidae). 23. Macrones capito Pase. (C. Cerambycidae). < 14. Henicospilus sp. (H. Ichneumonidae). 13. Mantispa sp., near australasiae Guer. (N. Mantispidae). 14. Paroxypilus sp. (O. Mantidae). 14. 9 and 10 illustrate simple convergence. 11. Daerlac tricolor Sign. (R. Lygaeidae). < 23. 12. Dolichoderus doriae Em. (H. Formicidae). < 23. 13. Larval Daerlae tricolor Sign. (R. Lygaeidae). >< 24. 14. (H. Braconidae). 23. 15. Eucerocoris sp., near basifer Walk. (R. Miridae). >< 23. 16. Platyura sp. (D. Mycetophilidae). 1}. 17 and 18. Systoechus vetustus Walk. (D. Bombyliidae), in 17 viewed from in front, in 18 the same specimen is viewed from behind. 1. 19-22. Shae phepsalotis Meyr. (L. Syntomidae). 1. 23-26. Hressa paurospila Turn. (L. Syntomidae). > 1. 27-30. Trichocerosia zebrina Hamps. (lL. Arctiidae). < 1. SEOBNPopRwh 3 Plates IV.-XIV. For explanation see the Plates. 105 THE INCISOR TEETH OF THE MACROPODINAE. By C. Anvrrson, M.A., D.Se. (By permission of the Trustees of the Australian Museum.) Plates xv. and xvi. While engaged in a study of the teeth of the extinct “Marsupial Lion,” Thylacoleo carnifex Owen, I was led to examine the dentition and method of graz- ing and mastication in recent marsupials, and particularly the supposed scissor- like action of the lower incisors in the sub-family Macropodinae. It has long been known that the two halves of the mandible in a number of marsupials are -capable of independent movement, the symphysis not being anchylosed even in the adult. Some writers have attached considerable importance to this feature, alleging that kangaroos and wallabies are thus enabled to snip the herbage by alternately separating and approximating the inner edges of the lower incisors. The first mention of this peculiarity appeared just over one hundred years ago, and it has been commented upon by several authors in the interval. It may be of interest, therefore, to summarise previous accounts, which are scattered in various works and journals; these I have supplemented by some observations and con- clusions of my own. I am indebted to Professor A. N. Burkitt, and Dr. S. Lightoller, Anatomy Department, University of Sydney, for much valuable assistance and advice, and am also under obligation to Mr. R. Rawle, third year medical student, who, under the direction of Professor Burkitt, made a fine dissection of the jaw muscles of Macropus giganteus (Pl. xvi., Text-figs. 1, 2). The mandibular incisors of the Macropodinae have a peculiar form and action. They grow from persistent pulps, though they are not widely open be- low, and are elongated, lanceolate, and procumbent, projecting from their alveoli in an almost horizontal direction so that when the mouth is closed their long axis is inclined to that of the upper incisors at an angle of nearly ninety degrees. They are inserted in their alveoli so that the plane in which they are flattened is oblique from above inwards, only their inner (lower) edges meeting below when the teeth are unworn. The extero-inferior surface is convex, the intero-superior slightly concave near the two edges, rising to a median rounded ridge. The tooth tapers towards the root, and the greater part of the intra-alveolar portion is not lanceg te but sub-cylindrical. 106 THE INCISOR TEETH OF THE MACROPODINAE, The relative mobility of the mandibular incisors in the kangaroo (also ex- hibited by simplicidentate rodents and Soricidae) was apparently first referred to by Mason Good (1826) who wrote :— “The Mus maritimus, or African Rat, has the singular power of separating at pleasure to a considerable extent the two front teeth of the lower jaw, which are not less than an inch and a quarter long. That elegant and extraordinary creature, the kangaroo, which, from the increase that has lately taken place in His Majesty’s Gardens at Kew, we may soon hope to see naturalised in our own country, is possessed of a similar faculty.” Waterhouse (1843) says of the lower incisors of the kangaroo :— “T recollect to have read in the work of one of our voyagers, that the great kangaroo has the power of separating these teeth, and certainly the structure of the lower jaw would seem to permit of such movement. . . . In the skull of a kangaroo before me I find that by slightly contracting the space between the posterior portion of the rami of the lower jaw, the external cutting edges of the incisors are thus brought into contact with the cutting edges of the incisors on both sides of the upper jaw at the same time. . . .” Murie and Bartlett (1866) investigated the movement of the symphysis of the lower jaw in the kangaroo in some detail, observing the action in the living animal and also making dissections to discover what muscles are involved. They concluded that the rami are separated by the combined action of the pterygoid, digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid muscles, while the transverse fibres of the m. orbicularis oris are the chief agents in the approximation of the anterior por- tion of the symphysis and the inner edges of the incisors. These authors des- cribe how the grass was cropped or nipped off by the animals, evidently being cut through by the anterior sharp edges of the lower incisors as they pressed against the opposing concavity of the palate and the cutting edges of the upper incisors, while another portion of the food passed between the two lower in- cisors and seemed to be also snipped through, either by the approach of the trenchant internal lateral edges of these, or it might be by the jerking move- ment of the head. Murie and Bartlett, then, are of opinion that the lower in- cisors act in the manner of a pair of cutting forceps or short-bladed scissors, with also an occasional knife-like action. Teutleben (1874, pp. 94-97, 110) describes a muscle, m. transversus mandi- bulae, in rodents and certain insectivores, which unites the two rami of the mandible just behind the symphysis, and by its contraction serves to separate the anterior ends of the rami. By contraction of the upper portion of the mas- seter the two rami are separated in the posterior part of the symphysis, bring- ing the lower incisors together again. He suggests that by analogy a similar muscle should exist in certain marsupials, but it does not appear that he in- vestigated these. Alix (1877) discusses the act of mastication in the kangaroo and points out that, while in the ruminants the lower incisors bite against a hard pad in the palate, in the kangaroos the procumbent lower incisors supply the resistance against which the upper incisors bite. He adds that the lower incisors can be separated by a slight movement of the symphysis produced by the action of the mylohyoid on the angles of the jaw, which ceases on contraction of the “sym- physial” muscle. Blundell (1879) regards this power of separating and approximating the lower incisors as a factor contributing to the survival of the kangaroos, which by using the lower incisors as shears are enabled “to eut off any green shoots or half-buried remains spared by a scorching sun, and obtain nourishment where ANDERSON. 107 any grass-feeding placental would certainly starve.” He refers to a circular muscle [? m. orbicularis oris] embracing the two rami of the lower jaw, which by its contraction brings the inner edges of the procumbent teeth together; on its relaxation or the contraction of another muscle “placed probably at the ex- tremities of the rami where they hinge upon the facial bones,” the incisors are separated. Blundell states that the action of separating the teeth is probably connected in some measure with the action of opening the jaws. Leche (1888) states that the lower incisors act like forceps, which grasp and sever bundles of grass, the action being rendered possible by the looseness of the symphysis and the presence of a special muscle consisting of transverse fibres which surround the anterior part of the symphysis and the alveoli of the lower incisors. Leche follows Murie and Bartlett in ascribing the separation of the teeth to the combined action of the digastric, mylohyoid and geniohyoid, but he points out that the circular muscle which brings them together is supplied by the mylohyoid nerve, and more probably belongs to the mylohyoid than to m. orbicularis oris. In his great work on the rodents Tullberg (1899) described at some length the transverse mandibular muscle discovered by Teutleben, and the mode in which the lower incisors are separated and approximated in the simplicidentata. They are brought together, he says, by contraction of the masseter lateralis and separated partly by the action of the m. transversus mandibulae, but chiefly by the internal pterygoid. . Lonnberg (1902), one of the latest writers on the subject, follows Tullberz in his discussion of the method of mastication in some of the phalangerids in which the rami of the lower jaw are movable as in the kangaroos. He was not, however, able to detect “any trace of such a transverse muscle as that which is found in the kangaroos at the base of the mandibular incisors and which has the function of approximating the inner edges of these teeth.” Lonnberg is of opinion that in the phalangerids, as in the rodents the masseter presses the mandibular incisors together by bending the lower margin of the ramus out- wards, while m. pterygoideus internus separates them. He also suggests that in mastication the whole mandible is moved to one side by the combined action of the masseter of the opposite side and in less degree by m. pterygoideus internus of the same side, the condyle of the side towards which the movement is directed serving as the pivot. Weber (1904, p. 335) alludes to a portion of the mylohyoid which in the kangaroos as in simplicidentate rodents plays a part in the rotation of each half of the mandible. In another place (p. 160) Weber ascribes the rotation of in- dividual halves of the lower jaw in the Macropodidae to the action of the in- ternal pterygoid and the masseter, and surmises that transverse fibres of the mylohyoid (m. transversus mandibulae) act as antagonist to this movement as in Simplicidentata. It will be seen therefore that there is general agreement that in the Macro- podinae the two lower incisors can be separated and approximated at will, but there is divergence of opinion regarding the muscles which actuate the move- ment, and also regarding the purpose of the movement. Waterhouse suggests that the separation has the effect of brmging the cutting edges of the lower in- cisors into contact with those of the upper incisors on both sides, while Murie and Bartlett, Blundell, and Leche, are of opinion that the mandibular incisors act like a pair of scissors or forceps. This latter view has apparently been adopted by the authors of most of the standard works on the marsupials (Thomas, 1888, p. 4, Lydekker, 1894, p. 12). 108 THE INCISOR TEETH OF THE MACROPODINAE. I began my own investigations by a series of visits to Taronga Park Zoo- logical Gardens, where by the courtesy of Mr. A. 8. Le Souef, Director, I was able to observe a number of kangaroos and wallabies at close quarters. When not in use the points of the lower incisors rest on the pad formed by the anterior portion of the palate and do not come into contact with the inner edges of the wpper incisors (PI. xv., fig. 1). I found that the lower incisors are capable of considerable relative movement (sometimes as much as a quarter of an inch) both in a horizontal anl a vertical direction (Pl. xv., fig. 2), though voluntary vertical movement seems to occur but slightly if at all. When one presents a small bundle of grass stalks to a kangaroo or wallaby, the animal opens its mouth, the mandible is at the same time thrust forward, generally slightly to one side, the lower incisors diverge and the grass is gathered in and severed by an upward jerk of the head. The action is not easy to observe, for it takes place rapidly and the teeth are quickly concealed by the lips, but in most eases it seemed that the grass was held between the points of the lower and the median upper incisors. I formed the conclusion that the lower incisors when separated act, not like scissors or forceps, but like the prongs of a fork or the teeth of a rake, and help to gather the food into the mouth. Cutting action by the inner edges of the lower incisors is quite subordinate, if it happens at all, and is not the main purpose served by the separation of the teeth. In grazing animals different methods of collecting the food are employed; in the cow, for example, the tongue serves this useful purpose, while the horse uses its mobile lips. In the ancestors of the kangaroo:the dentition was adapted for an insectivorous diet, for which the procumbent, pointed lower incisors were suitable enough. But with development of the grazing habit the teeth had to be adapted to a new diet, and the separable lower incisors help by enabling the animal to grasp a larger mouthful. It is perhaps also the case that, as Waterhouse suggests, the separation of the lower incisors serves to bring their edges into contact with those of all the lateral upper incisors, thus increasing the grasping and cutting power. IT have made observations also on Petawroides volans and Pseudochirus pere- grinus, and find that their lower incisors too are readily separable. These two forms are largely leaf-eating, and the separable incisors enable them to take a larger bite. The Native Bear (Phascolarctos cinereus), in which the mandibular incisors are not separable, habitually snips the stalks at the base of the gum leaves which form its diet, and does not seem to bite the leaves themselves as described by Lénnberg (loe. cit., p. 27). In dissecting the jaw muscles of Macropus giganteus, M. ruficollis, and M. rufus I have not been able to detect any signs of the presence of m. transversus mandibulae, nor of transverse fibres of the mylohyoid, and Dr. Lightoller and Mr. Rawle have also failed to find evidence of these, and Parsons (1896) states that there is no transverse mandibular muscle in Petrogale xanthopus. In any case no such special muscle seems to be necessary for the purpose of separating the lower incisors. There is little doubt that the main factor in this separation is the internal pterygoid muscle. As is usual in grazing animals and those with a pronounced lateral (ental and ectal) movement of the mandible this muscle is strongly developed in the Macropodinae, and has a large area of insertion in the shelf formed by the inflection of the angle of the jaw. Moreover, as pointed out to me by Dr. Lightoller, the internal pterygoid in the kangaroo consists of two portions, one of which is a strong bundle of fibres arising on the anterior lateral surface of the pterygoid plate and running downwards, outwards, and backwards to be inserted in the inflected shelf close against the medial surface ANDERSON. 109 of the ascending ramus (Pl. xvi., figs. 1, 2, text-fig. 1). Contraction of this anterior bundle on the left side, say, pulls the left ramus forward, and at the same time rotates its anterior end outwards. The right ramus, on account of ext. ptery. —.—.— us {ut ptery. x as Ceo ptery. =a. Fig. 1. Macropus giganteus, No. M.3914. Dissection by R. Rawle, showing the internal pterygoid muscle; on the right the dissection is viewed partly from above. Drawn by G. §. Lightoller from photographs shown in Pl. xvi. the looseness of the symphysis, would lag behind slightly and thus the lower in- cisors would diverge. The external pterygoid is much smaller than the internal, and runs backward almost horizontally to be inserted on the anterior border of the condyle and the articular meniscus, which is quite well developed at least in younger animals. Contraction of the external pterygoid would assist in drawing the ramus forward and to a slight extent in its rotation. Simultaneous contrac- tion of the right and left anterior bundles of the internal pterygoid would cause a wider separation without rotation. The main portion of the muscle runs in a more vertical direction and its contraction simultaneously with that of the mas- seter and temporal closes the mouth and brings the lower incisors together again, the lower molars at the same time gliding inwards on the upper molars as the two rami are brought nearer to the middle line. The outer fibres of the masseter (m. masseter lateralis) may possibly, as suggested by Tullberg and Lonnberg, have some effect in twisting the lower edge of the mandible outwards, but it is more probable that they act as antagonist to the inward twist imparted by the internal pterygoid and steady the jaw. Dr. Lightoller has kindly supplied me with some interesting details regard- ing the masticatory and facial musculature of macropods, and a note on m. transversus mandibulae in the paca (Coelogenys paca). He finds by dissection of Macropus ruficollis that what (in M. bennettii) is figured by Murie and Bart- lett (loc. cit., pp. 31, 33) as m. orbicularis oris is really m. mentalis; also that they assign to it a more anterior position than it occupies in WM. ruficollis. In. M. ruficollis the anterior and posterior borders of m. mentalis coincide respec- tively with those of the symphysis itself (text-fig. 2, C.D.). It is difficult to see therefore how it can act effectively in either separating or closing the in- cisors. Nor does it seem that m. orbicwlaris oris can serve this purpose, for it is purely a labial muscle, with no attachment to bone. In dissecting the jaw muscles of the paca (text-fig. 3) Dr. Lightoller 110 THE INCISOR TEETH OF THE MACROPODINAE. found that m. transversus mandibulae is quite distinct from the mylohyoid, being separated therefrom by a well marked fascia. At the suggestion of Dr. Lightoller, Professor Stump, Department of Ana- > m. orb. oris. ww 7 ws {i AA Macropus ruficollis. Dissection by G. S. Lightoller, showing the platysma, m. orbicularis oris and m. mentalis; in B. and D. the needle is inserted at the posterior end of the symphysis. G. S. Lightoller del. tomy, University of Sydney, sectioned the mandibular symphysis of Macropus ruficolis in order to examine the nature of the symphysial joint. It was found to be very similar to the pubic symphysis in the human subject, the bone being separated by fibrous tissue, with a small median cavity in the cranial half, which possibly indicates the presence of a synovial cavity. Mastication in the kangaroo takes place in the same manner as in ruminants, the lower jaw having a lateral movement, though this is not so pronounced as in the ruminants. It is also interesting to note that, as observed by Owen (1839- 47, p. 301) in the kangaroos, the food can be regurgitated. Oceasionally it can be seen that, after a few convulsive movements and gurgles, some food passes up into the mouth and is chewed over a few times and again swallowed. It is not, however, a prolonged and deliberate action which could be described as “chewing the cud.” It is instructive to compare the teeth of macropodines of different ages and to study the.evidence of progressive wear exhibited by the incisors. In young ANDERSON. 111 animals, as already mentioned, the two mandibular incisors make contact with one another only on their inner (lower) edges (PI. xv., fig. 3). The two oppos- Vig. 3. Coelogenys paca, No. M.3918. Dis- section by G. 8. Lightoller, showing the mylohyoid deep to m. transversus mandibulae, from which it is separated by a well defined faseia. x1/1. G. S. Lightoller del. m. dig. ----~ ! m. myloh, «~~ ~~~~ ~~ nesses fascia ing fairly sharp edges soon begin to exhibit signs of wear, which commences near the point as a narrow polished surface. This facet extends backwards and widens so that in older animals the two teeth have a considerable area of con- tact in the median plane. The outer (upper) edges upon which the upper in- cisors work wear more rapidly and first develop a facet near the point, with a slope forward, downward, and outward. This in older animals becomes a shallow undulant depression on the upper surface elongated antero-posteriorly, and form- ing a horizontal truncation oblique to the long axis of the tooth (Pl. xv., figs. 3, 4, 7, 8). Im very old animals these two surfaces of wear meet at approxi- mately a right angle. At the same time the tooth has moved forward in its socket and the subcylindrical base has replaced the lanceolate anterior portion. Tt is for this reason that in old animals a considerable space intervenes between the bases of the lower incisors, since their horizontal diameters are now smaller at that point. In the upper incisors the earliest signs of wear appear on the inner edges (PI. xv., fig. 5), which develop a slight slope inwards where they come into con- tact with the point and the outer edges of the lower incisors as these glide in- wards to reach the palatal pad. In very old animals the two lateral teeth be- come reduced to mere stumps, while the median incisor develops a downwardly directed sharp point in front, with a worn surface behind on a level with the abraded crowns of the two lateral incisors, the whole forming a stop for the lower incisors (Pl. xy., figs. 6, 8). TIiterature Referred To. Alix, E., 1877.—Sur le mechanisme de la Mastication chez les Kanguroos. Bull. Soe. Zool. Fr., pp. 65-66. 112 THE INCISOR TEETH OF THE MACROPODINAE. Blundell, H. W., 1879.—The Marsupials of Australia. Nature, XIX., pp. 528-529. Mason, Good, 1826—The Book of Nature, I., p. 285 (Quoted Owen, Extinct Mammals of Australia, 1877, p. 379, f.n.). Leche, W., 1888.—Bronn’s Thierreichs, vi., Abt. v., p. 681 and f.n. Loénnberg, E., 1902—On Some Remarkable Digestive Adaptations in Diproto- dont Marsupials. Proce. Zool. Soc. Lond., i., pp. 12-31. Lydekker, R., 1894.—A Handbook to the Marsupialia and Monotremata. Allen’s Naturalist’s Library, p. 12. Murie, J., and Bartlett, A. D., 1866——On the Movement of the Symphysis of the Lower Jaw in the Kangaroos. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 28-84. Owen, R., 1839-47—Todd’s Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology, III. Parson, I. G., 1896.—On the Anatomy of Petrogale xanthopus Compared with that of other Kangaroos. Proe. Zool. Soc. Lond., pp. 683-714. Teutleben, EH. V., 1874—Ueber Kaumuskeln und Kaumechanismus bei den Wir- belthieren. Arch. f. Naturges., Jahrg., 40, I., pp. 18-111. Thomas, O., 1888.—British Museum Catalogue Marsupials and Monotremes, p. 4. Tullberg, T., 1899.—Ueber das System der Nagetiere, pp. 64-67. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, Ser. III., XVIII. Waterhouse, G. R., 1843.—Jardine’s Naturalist’s Library, III., pp. 170, fn. , 1845.—Natural History of the Mammalia, I., p. 52. Weber, M., 1904—Die Siugetiere. Explanation of Plate XV. Fig. 1. Macropus giganteus, young. Mandible from below, showing the in- cisors almost in contact and falling within the upper lateral incisors. x 2/3. Fig. 2. Same specimen, the incisors separated and making contact with the crowns of the upper lateral incisors. x 2/3. Fig. 3. Macropus giganteus, female, nearly adult; Austr. Mus., No. 8.1779. The lower incisors show but little wear and have the characteristic lanceolate shape; occlusal surface marked. x 3. Fig. 4. Macropus rufus, old male; Austr. Mus., No. §.1758. The incisors are much worn and are sub-eylindrical in shape; occlusal surface marked. x 2/3. Fig. 5. Macropus giganteus. Upper jaws of 8.1779. The incisors show slight wear along their inner edges. x 2/3. Fig. 6. Macropus rufus. Upper jaws of 8.1658. Tncisors are much worn; 1° and 1° are reduced to stumps and 1° has developed anteriorly a sharp point with a shelf behind, which, with 1° and 1° forms a stop for the lower incisors. Fig. 7. Macropus giganteus. Side view of anterior part of skull and mandible of 8.1779. Fig. 8. Macropus rufus. Side view of anterior part of skull and mandible of 8. 1658. Explanation of Plate XV1. Dissection by Mr. R. Rawle of Macropus giganteus; Austr. Mus., No. M 3914. Fig. 1. Lateral view, showing the two portions of the internal pterygoid muscle. x 2/3. Fig. 2. The same, viewed partly from above, showing the anterior portion of the internal pterygoid running backwards and outwards to its insertion on the inflection of the mandible close against the ascending ramus, x 2/3. 113 TARONGA PARK AQUARIUM. Plates xvii.-xix. On July 19, 1927, the Aquarium at Taronga Park was opened to the public, and during the ensuing three months 110,344 persons paid for admission to the new attraction. This result can only be regarded as indicating what the attend- ances will be when the night opening has been established, and the genial summer weather lends its appeal, and visitors think of the cool grotto-like Aquarium and its finny inhabitants. Compared with the Aquarium at the Regent’s Park Zoo- logical Gardens, London, our local institution bids fair to take a leading posi- tion. The attendances at the London Aquarium for 1926 were 436,000, while our first quarter’s record exceeds one-fourth of that total. The entrance to the Aquarium is at the lower gate of the Park, near the ferry wharf, and a wide flight of steps leads through artificial rock work to the first range of tanks which surround the Shark Pool. This Pool is lighted from above by a shaft opening through the roof, as well as by electric light. All the tanks are set in concrete cutwardly formed to resemble rock work, while the roof and pillars are all moulded in the form of grottos, lighted by varicolored electric globes concealed in the rock-work, and diffusing a soft and agrecable blend of shades. Steps lead to a freshwater pool with a miniature waterfall, surrounded by a second range of tanks. The total superficial area of the glass fronts of the tanks is 684 square feet. From the second gallery a short flight of steps leads in one direction to a beautiful rockery giving access to the Park, and in the other direction to the roof of the Aquarium, a splendid look-out giving an uninterrupted view of the Harbour with all its colours and movement. The light shaft column is con- cealed by a number of cosy nooks in artificial rock, furnished with tables and chairs, and refreshments are obtainable on the spot. The Aquarium is open to the public on week days from 2 to 5 p.m., and on Sundays from 1 to 5 p.m. It is also open at night on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays from 7 to 10 p.m. The charges for admission are 6d. and 3d. for adults and children respectively in the daytime, and 1/- and 6d. at night. The cost of the building and fittings was £18,000, of which £12,000 was from the Park funds, and £6,000 was contributed by the Government. 114 IN MEMORIAM. Eustace WILLIAM FerGusON, M.B., Ch.M., D.P.H., Pathologist and Naturalist. (Portrait Plate xx.) Born at Invercargill, New Zealand, 1884. Died at Wahroonga, New South Wales, July 18, 1927. Scientific circles of Australia are bewailing the tragic loss, at the early age of forty-two y ars, of a gifted pathologist, an eminent naturalist, and a lovable personality when Eustace Ferguson, stricken with the dread nephritis, passed away after a lingering illness of nine months. A son of the distinguished divine Rey. John Ferguson, he came to Sydney in 1894 when his father became the minister of St. Stephen’s, Phillip Street. The writer’s acquaintance with him began when he took the rare part of the few recorded undergraduates of Sydney University (to that date), who were interested in the natural history collections left by Sir William Maeleay to the grudging care of that institution. The veteran curator of the Macleay Museum, George Masters,—a very Nestor of naturalists—at once saw unusual gifts in the young collector who was bringing rare and novel insects to his notice, and encouraged him to follow up his congenial pursuit with improved methods. Mr. Masters’s room was a sort of entomological forum where amateur and professional met, so that Eustace Ferguson soon became known as an ardent coleopterist and collector. Amongst the many companions of my bush rambles in various parts of Australia I have never met his equal for close observation of natural objects; his vision apparently combining certain telescopic, as well as microscopic quali- ties, to which a retentive memory added the power of recalling the form of the smallest insect he had once examined. Graduating in 1908 with Honours in Medicine, I heard incidentally that in that part of the viva voce examination which consisted in distinguishing and naming microbes and bacilli under the microscope, Eustace was easily first. A fellow student in his year later told me that in those subjects into which natural science or any sort of morphology entered Ferguson “set us all a terribly high standard.” : He lost no time in associating with his brother naturalists, joining the Linnean Society of New South Wales in June, 1908, and contributing his first paper a year later on the Amycterinae, or ground weevils (Part 1, Psalidura). This interesting group of endemic beetles, with a wide range over the whole con- tinent, had been puzzling previous systematists owing to the species tending to variation and to resemble their allies. At once his reputation was founded. Shortly after this I received a letter from the well known Commander J. J. Walker, R.N. (afterwards President of the Entomological Society of London) in E.. W. FERGUSON. 115 high praise of the lucid treatment of the subject, and concluding with words to the effect that we could do with plenty more work of that kind. But already a physical setback had occurred. His first medical appointment was to act as locum tenens in a practice on the South Coast (Kiama, I think) and, catching a chill during night work, endured his first attack of nephritis. For six months he lay in the Sydney Hospital whence he emerged to recuperate in that natura- lists’ paradise Kuranda, North Queensland. Although this had been for years the hunting ground of the famous collector Mr. F. P. Dodd, and Ferguson was an invalid, he managed to bring back several species new to science. General practice being forbidden him, he found suitable occupation in the Department of Public Health, where his ability as a pathologist made him peculiarly service- able. In logical sequence he followed up those branches of microbiology and entomology that were related to medicine, and in addition to his other fields of work he soon acquired a wide knowledge of fleas, ticks and biting flies. Thus after completing a masterly revision of the Amycterinae (which Dr. Sharp and he showed should be correctly styied Phalidurinae) in sixteen papers—eleven published by the Linnean Society of New South Wales, three by the Royal Society of Victoria, and two by the Royal Society of South Australia—he was busily working at mosquitoes and march flies (Tabanidae). By this time he had succeeded Dr. (now Professor) Cleland as Principal Microbiologist to the De- partment, and had married Miss Jessie Perry, daughter of the well known squatter of the Narromine district. The details of his medical work cannot be treated here, but especially valuable were the “Tests for the Susceptibility to Diphtheria,” organised by him, as well as his “Report on Dengue Fever,” the latter actually concluded during his final illness. In 1915 his unselfish patriotism led him to volunteer for medical service at the Front, and for three years he left his wife and family to serve with the A.L.F. in England, France, Egypt and Palestine. Characteristically, he was learning all the time, and finding extraordinary interest in the history and archaeology of the old world. Thus he visited Scotland, the home of his fathers, and especially profited by his time in London to work at the British museum of Natural History, where he made many friends and studied the types of Australian insects in that institution. In France he found time to study Roman remains at Nismes and Arles; in the East he became interested in Aegyptology and the Assyrian relics, and I was amazed to find how deeply he had delved in the literature and records of these lands. “Ah, but,” said he to me, pointing to his shelves, “I inherited those books on Assyria from my father and had already read them as a boy.’ After the Armistice he managed to make a long tour of the Nile and across the Desert to a Red Sea port, besides pene- trating some way into Mesopotamia. From 1919 onwards he worked steadily at the Diptera, especially on disease-carrying flies, fleas, also ticks, on which he was the accepted authority in Australia, so that he was naturally selected to lecture on this subject at the Pan-Pacific Conference of 1923. He published some half- dozen papers in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales on Diptera, chiefly on the Tabanidae and Syrphidae, but his work was not limited to this. His sound judgment told him that in those groups in which many Aus- tralian species had a wide distribution outside Australia he would more wisely enrol the services oftworld specialists to elucidate a firm basis for our know- ledge; and by sending material to these he was able to communicate no less than sixteen papers on Australian Diptera to the Linnean Society between the years 1922-7; also five to Vol. iii. of the “Australian Zoologist.” Of these twelve 116 IN MEMORIAM. are by J. R. Malloch, three by C. P. Alexander, five by Professor Bezzi, and one by C. H. Curran, and HE. H. Bryan. He was a member of Council and Vice-president of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, of which he was President in 1922. His presiden- tial address contained an able plea for a Biological Survey of Australia, and described in some detail the work of the Bureau of Biological Survey of the United States of America. His connection with the Linnean Society of New South Wales was of longer standing, as noted above. He was a member of its Council from 1921, later a Vice-president, and in 1926 President, in the Novem- ber of which year he was stricken with his prolonged and fatal illness. He was an Associate member of the Australian Research Council, a member of the Great Barrier Reef Committee, and a member of the Royal Society of New South Wales. His Linnean presidential address was a Review of Medical and Veter- — inary Entomology in Australia, and is a model epitome of work that has done so much for the safety of man and of domestic animals in tropical and sub- tropical countries. He leaves a widow and six children, five sons and a daughter, the last born during the present year. H. J. CARTER. 26/7/'27. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Amycterides (Coleoptera). Revision of the Amycteridae. Part i. Genus Psalidwra. P.L.S. N.S.W., xxxiv., 3, 524-585, September, 1909. The Amycteridae of the Voyage de UVAstrolabe, 1835. P.LS. N.S.W., xxxvi., 1, 142-153, April, 1911. Revision of the Amyeterides. Part ii. Talaurinus. P.L.S. N.S.W., xxxvii., 1, 83-134, March, 1912. Revision of the Amyeterides. Part ii. Talauwrinus (continued). P.L.S. N.S.W., xxxviii., 2, 340-394, June, 1913. Notes on Amyeterides, with descriptions of new species. Part i. P.R.S. Vie., xxvi. (n.s.), 2, 243-255, March, 1914. Revision of the Amycterides. Part iii. Notonophes, Macromycterus, and genera allied to Talawrinus. P.L.S. N.S.W., xxxix., 2, 217-252, May, 1914. Notes on the Amycterides in the South Australian Museum, with descriptions of new species. Parti. T.R.S. S.A., xxxviii., 11-40, 1914. Notes on Amyceterides, with descriptions of new species. Part ii. P.R.S. Vie., xxvii. (n.s.), 2, 232-260, March, 1915. Revision of the Amycterides. Part iv. Sclerorinus (Section i.). (Coleop- tera). P.L.S. N.S.W., xl., 4, 685-718, October, 1915. Notes on the Amyeterides in the South Australian Museum, with descriptions of new species. Part ii, T.R.S. S.A., xxxix., 57-90, 1915 Revision of the Amycterides. Part iv. Sclerorimus (Section ii.). (Coleop- tera). P.L.S. N.S.W., xl., 4, 759-805, November, 1915. Revision of the Amycterides. Part v. Molochtus and Cubicorrhynchus. P.L.S. N.S.W., xli., 3, 422-452, August, 1916. Revision of the Amycterides. Part vi. Acantholophus. P.L.S. N.S.W., xlvi., 1, 19-75, Mareh, 1921. =— E. W. FERGUSON. iuly; Revision of the Amycterides. Part vii. Hyborrhynchus and allied genera. PLS. N.S.W., xlvi., 3, 393-406, September, 1921. Notes on Amyeterides, with descriptions of new species. Part iii. P.R.S. Vie., xxxiv. (n.s.), 1, 17-32, October, 1921. Revision of the Amyeterides (Coleoptera). Part viii. The Euomides. P.L.S. N.S.W., xlviii., 3, 381-435, 1923. Diptera. Descriptions of new Australian blood-sucking flies belonging to the family Leptidae. P.R.S. N.S.W., xlix., 233-243, 1915 Notes on Tabanidae. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth, N.S.W., 1914, See. V., 205-206, 1915. and Marguerite Henry. Tabanidae from Camden Haven district, New South Wales, with descriptions of new species. P.L.S. N.S.W., xliv., 4, 828-849, March, 1920. and Gerald F, Hill. Notes on Australian Tabanidae. P.L.S. N.S.W., xlv., 3, 460-467, October, 1920. Entomological Notes. (b) Tabanidae. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1918, See. IV., 131-132, 1920. A list of the Tabanidae (Diptera) in the South Australian Museum, with descriptions of new species. Rec. S. Aus. Mus., i., 4, 365-379, January, 1921. New Australian Tabanidae, with notes on previously described species. P.R.S. Vie., xxxiii. (n.s.), 1, 1-29, May, 1921. Description of a new species of Corothra (Mochlonyx) from Australia. P.R.S. Vic., xxxiii. (n.s.), 1, 30-31, May, 1921. and Gerald F. Hill. Notes on Australian Tabanidae Rartieiinnels: N.S.W., xlvii., 3, 245-265, 1922. : Notes on insects. B.—Tabanidae (March Flies). Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith, N.S.W., 1920, See. IV., 183-185, 1922. Notes on the nomenclature of Australian Tabanidae: Subfamily Pangoniinae. Bull. Ent. Res., xiv., 3, 251-263, March, 1924. Description of a new species of Mycetophilidae (Diptera) with luminous larvae. P.L.S. N.S.W., 1., 4, 487-488, 1925. Additional notes on the nomenclature of Australian Tabanidae. Bull. Ent. Res., xvi., 4, 293-306, March, 1926. Revision of Australian Syrphidae (Diptera). Part i. P.L.S. N.S.W., li. 2, 137-183, 1926. Revision of Australian Syrphidae (Diptera). Part ii., with a supplement to Parti. P.L.S. N.S.W., li., 4, 517-544, 1926. Tabanidae of the Samoan Islands. Bull. Ent. Res., xvii., 3, 315-316, March, 1927. Revision of Australian Syrphidae (Diptera). Part iii., with a supplement to Part ii. (In preparation—to be published later). Presidential Addresses. Presidential Address (to the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales on Biological Surveys). Aust. Zool., iti., 4, 126-129, August, 1923. Presidential Address. Medical and veterinary entomology in Australia—a review. P.L.S. N.S.W., lii., 1, i-xxviii., April, 1927. 118 IN MEMORIAM, Medical Entomology and Parasitology. A. A. Palmer and —————————.. A ease of Trichinella spiralis in a man in Australia. Aus. Med. Gaz., xxxv., 25, 546, 20 June, 1914. Notes on Mosquitoes. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1913, See. V., 238-240, 1915. Notes on Mosquitoes. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1914, See. V., 203-205, 1915. Notes on Insects. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1915, See. V., 251- _ 253, 1916. Acarina. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1915, Sec. V., 253, 1916. Entomological notes. (a) Mosquitoes. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1918, Sec. IV., 130-131, 1920. The malaria danger. (Correspondence). Med. Jl. Aus., 8th Yr., i., 21, 234, 21 May, 1921. Notes on insects. A.—Mosquitoes. Mosquito survey of the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1920, See. IV., 181-183, 1922. and J. Drabble. Onchocerciasis in Australian Cattle. A. On the oe- currence of a second species of Onchocerea in Australian cattle (wander worms). Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1920, See. TV., 185-190, 1922. Mite infestations of man in Australia. (Correspondence). Med. Jl. Aus., 10th Yr., i., 23, 653, 9 June, 1923. The distribution of rat fleas in Australia. (Correspondence). Med. JI. Aus., 10th Yr., i., 23, 653-654, 9 June, 1923. Fleas. Aust. Zool., ii., 3, 114-118, June, 1923. Siphonaptera found on native Australian rats. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1921, Sec. IV., 90-91, 1923. Deaths from tick paralysis in human beings. Med. Jl. Aust., 11th Yr., ii. 25, 345-348, 4 October, 1924. A case of tick paralysis. (Correspondence). Med. Jd. Aus., 11th Yr., ii., 25, 672, 20 December, 1924. Australian Ticks. Rpt. Dir. Gen, Pub. Hith. N.S-W., 1923, See. IV., 147- 157, 1924. Australian Ticks. Aust. Zool., iv., 1., 24-35, June, 1925, The distribution of insects capable of carrying disease in Eastern Aus- tralia. Trans 3rd Pan-Pacific Congress, 1923, 4, ii., 1477-1486, 1926. Mosquitoes of New South Wales. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1924, Sec. IV., 187-191, 1926. Mosquito surveys in some inland towns of New South Wales. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1925, See. TV., 188-193, 1927. Investigations into Onchocerciasis (worm nodules in cattle) in New South Wales I. Investigations into Onchocerciasis at Kendall, New South Wales. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1925, See. IV., 193-195, 1927. Pathology and Bacteriology. J. B. Cleland and ————————_._ The nature of the recent smallpox epidemic in Australia. Microbiological findings and animal inoculations. Aus. Med. Gaz., xxxv., 18, 388-391, 2 May, 1914. J. B. Cleland and —————————.,, Cases of influenzal and pneumocoecal meningitis. Med. JI. Aus., 2nd Yr., i., 14, 308-309, 3 April, 1915. E. W. FERGUSON. 119 Sugar reactions of the diphtheroid bacilli. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1913, Sec. V., 198-200, 1915. Pathogenicity of diphtheroid bacilli. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., . 1913, See. V., 200-201, 1915. Diphtheritic infections associated with broncho-pneumonic symptoms. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1913, Sec. V., 202-203, 1915. Coliform infections of the urinary tract met with during 1912 and 1913. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1913, See. V., 202-206, 1915. J. B. Cleland and —————————.. Vaccines. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1913, Sec. V., 206-214, 1915. J. B. Cleland and ——————-——. Contributions to the history of disease in Australia. (a) Diphtheria. (b) Acute anterior poliomyelitis and Landry’s paralysis. (¢) Cerebro-spinal meningitis. (d) Streptothrix infections in man in Australia. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1913, Sec. V., 251-274, 1915. J. B. Cleland and — ——. Vaccines. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. HIth. N.S.W., 1914, Sec. V., 188-200, 1915. J. B. Cleland and —————————.. Contributions to the history of disease in Australia. I. Diphtheria. II. Acute anterior poliomyelitis. III. Cerebro- spinal meningitis. Trans. Aust. Med. Congress, 1914, 296-325, 1916. Examination of throat swabs for influenza bacilli. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1919, Sec. IV., 138, 1920. Anthrax in shaving brushes. Trans. Aust. Med. Congress, 1920, 218-227, 1921. Malaria in Palestine. Experiences with a field laboratory. Trans. Aus. Med. Congress, 1920, 310-317, 1921. The plague epidemic... Med. Jl. Aus., 9th Yr., i., 20, 552-554, 20 May, 1922. Outbreak of typhoid in a country school. Rpt. Dir, Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.IW., 1920, Sec. IV., 140-141, 1922. Anthrax in shaving brushes. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1920, See. TV., 149-160, 1922. J. B. Cleland, —————————, and E. L. Morgan. Tumour of the carotid body. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1920, See. IV., 161, 1922. Bacteriological examination of milk. Ppt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1920, See. IV., 166-169, 1922. and R. Grant. Coagulation (Pseudocaramelisation) of condensed milk Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1920, Sec. IV., 169-170, 1922 The role of the bacteriological laboratory in Public Health work. Health, i, 1, 6-10, January, 1923. The Microbiological Laboratory in its relation to problems of research. Med Jl. Aus., 10th Yr., i., 15, 400-403, 14 April, 1923. The Sydney milk supply. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1921, Sec. IV., 91-94, 1923. Report of the Microbiological Laboratory on work in connection with the plague outbreak of 1921-1922. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1922, Sec. I., 41-52, 1923. Anthrax and shaving brushes. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1922, See. IV., 124-129, 1923. Bacteriological examination of the Sydney milk supply. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1922, Sec. TV., 129-136, 1923. Note on the examination of the Sydney suburban milk supply for tubercle bacilli. Trans. Aust. Med. Congress, 1923, 270-273, 1924. 120 IN MEMORIAM. and E. L. Morgan. The Schick reaction in country schools in New South Wales. Trans. Aust. Med. Congress, 1923, 295-298, 1924. Report on the occurrence of an isolated case of human plague. B. Labora- tory investigation. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1923, Sec. I., 50, 1924. Tuberculosis: Dreyer’s antigen treatment. A.—The preparation of Dreyer’s antigen. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1923, Sec. I., 51, 1924 Anthrax in shaving brushes. Third Report. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1925, Sec. IV., 181-188, 1927. and R. Grant. The bacteriological examination of the Sydney water supply. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1923, See. IV., 145-146, 1924. A. A. Palmer and ———————.. Notes on a ease of disseminated fat embolism. Med. Jl. Aus., 12th Yr., i., 10, 238-239, 7 March, 1925. Notes on some outbreaks of typhoid fever in New South Wales. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1924, See. I., 43-47, 1926. Anthrax and shaving brushes. Fourth Report. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1924, Sec. IV., 166-167, 1926. The Schick test in New South Wales. Second Report. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1924, See. IV., 167-171, 1926. Cases of snake-bite in New South Wales. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1924, See. IV., 171-184, 1926. Notes on typhoid fever at Broken Hill. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth N.S.W., 1925, See. I., 41-46, 1927. Anthrax and shaving brushes. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1925, See. IV., 171-178, 1927. : Diphtheria: The Schick reaction in New South Wales schools, 1925. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hlth. N.S.W., 1925, Sec. IV., 179-181, 1927. Food poisoning outbreaks in New South Wales. Rpt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1925, See. IV., 181-188, 1927. The 1925-26 outbreak of dengue fever in New South Wales. Apt. Dir. Gen. Pub. Hith. N.S.W., 1926. (In press). Zoology. Observations on Albatrosses at Sea. Emu, xv., 243, 1916. Notes on Some Australian Tubinares—Petrels and Albatrosses, Emu, xxi., 104, 1921. Henry Luke WHITE, Pastoralist, Naturalist, and Philatelist. (Portrait Plate xxi.) Born at Anambah, near West Maitland, New South Wales, May 9, 1860. Died at Belltrees, New South Wales, May 29, 1927. The State has lost a citizen of a type only too rare. Henry Luke White, who as a young man took up the profession of a surveyor, and quite early in life turned to pastoral pursuits, became one of the foremost pastoralists in New South Wales. When as the result of the strenuous work of himself and three brothers the great Belltrees and other properties in this State and Queensland were soundly established, the senior partner was able to devote more time to cultivate seriously the hobbies of his boyhood—egg and stamp collecting. The thoroughness that characterised his pastoral pursuits was applied to his hobbies and, although he still carried on the supervising of his stations, H. 1. WHITE. 121 rising at daylight to ride for hours on business relating to sheep and cattle, he employed his too brief leisure in conducting correspondence and organising the work of accumulating what he hoped to make the greatest collections in the world of Australian birds’ eggs and postage stamps. The latter hobby resolved itself largely into an intelligent and careful buying up and amalgamation of the collections of other philatelists, the result being the achievement of a represen- tative collection of the stamps of four States, the first to be virtually completed being New South Wales. This collection he presented to the Mitchell Library in 1917, and later he added Western Australia, Queensland, and Tasmania. The present value of these gifts is approximately £50,000. In the field of natural history, H. L. White confined his energies to the birds of Australia, and particularly to the discovery and description of the eggs of species previously undescribed. To this end he engaged the services of ex- perienced bushmen and collectors, the first to be sent out being Sidney William Jackson, whose fine collection of eggs he had acquired. Jackson worked in Queensland amongst the jungle and forest of the Atherton district and the Macpherson Range; in South-western Australia; in the Dorrigo scrub, and other places in New South Wales. W. McLennan was despatched to Cape York, Groote Eylandt, the McArthur River, and other parts of North Queensland and the Northern Territory. F. L. Whitlock was engaged to investigate the regions of North-west, and Central Australia, and other collectors were financed, sub- sidised, or assisted to obtain eggs of rare or little known species. The result of this intensive investigation was the building up of a magnificent collection of Australian birds’ eggs in perfect “clutches” or settings, and in series showing all the distinct variations of colour, markings, and dimensions. 143 “type” sets were obtained, and the descriptions were written and published in the “Emu,” either by H. L. White himself, or by one of his collectors, to whom he most generously conceded the privilege of authorship. Some of the most in- teresting and informative articles that have ever been published in relation to our Australian avifauna were written by the collectors abovenamed. Another feature of the H. L. White collection was the truly amazing series of eggs of | Australian cuckoos taken with the eggs of their numerous hosts. This great accumulation of eggs was from its initiation destined to become a national possession, and, although it remained at Belltrees during the life of its originator, it was bequeathed by him to the National Museum, Melbourne, together with the elaborate cabinets in which it was contained, and the valuable data books in which the history of each egg was fully recorded. This collection contained 3,754 clutches of 700 species and 140 subspecies, and totalled 10,195 eggs, ex- clusive of 503 cuckoo clutches containing 535 eges of the parasitic birds, and 1,133 of the foster parents, a grand total of 11,863 eggs. H. L. White also collected the skins of Australian birds, purchasing several collections already made, and obtaining numerous rare species through the ef- forts of his collectors. This collection of over 10,000 skins he presented to the National Museum, Melbourne, in 1917. His benefactions to the Royal Australasian Ornithologists’ Union were a sum of £1,000, a set of Gould’s folio “Birds of Australia,” valued at £300, and other contributions to the various activities of that Society. He contributed popular articles to the “Australian Zoologist,” and was a life member of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, as are also his son and two daughters. He was a member of the British Ornithologists’ Union, and a corresponding Fellow of the American Ornithologists’ Union. In 122 IN MEMORIAM, the philatelic world his merits were recognised by the entry of his name on the Roll of Distinguished Philatelists. The “H. L. White” collections will perpetuate the memory of a man who devoted his whole leisure, a superabundant energy, and a generous purse to the accumulation of something not already adequately represented in any Australian public institution, and this for the benefit of his fellow students in the fields of natural history and philately. The greater part of his accumulations were publicly bestowed in his lifetime, and he had the gratification of reading and hearing the commendations of press and public alike. His example is one that might well be followed by others equally favoured by fortune and opportunity to thus give while they live, and listen to the thanks of their beneficiaries, rather than have them addressed to an unresponsive grave. A. F, Basset Huuu. BIBLIOGRAPHY, Scone (N.S.W.) Notes. Emu, vii., 157, 158, 1908. Nesting Habits of Corcorax. Emu, viii., 150, 1909. A Curious Clutch. (Pardalotus punctatus + Chaleococcyx basalis and C. plagosus). Emu, x., 49, 1910. Description of two New Nests and Eggs from North-west Australia. (Poecilodryas pulverulentus and Malurus dulcis). Emu, x., 132-134, 1910. Nest and Eggs of the Rock Field Wren (Calamanthus montanellus Milligan). Emu, x., 293, 1911. Descriptions of New Eggs (Cracticus mentalis, Xanthotis filigera, Tricho- glossus septentrionalis, and Halcyon barnardi). Emu, x., 339, 340, 1911. Nest and Eggs of Collyriocichla superciliosa Masters. Emu, x., 341, 1911. Descriptions of two Nests and Eggs (Megalurus striatus and Pseudogerygone jacksoni). Emu, xi., 249, 250, 1912. On the colour of the eggs of Rallina tricolor. Tbis, 552-554, 1912. Description of Eggs of Lesser Satin Bower-Bird (Ptilonorhynchus minor Campbell). Emu, xii., 20, 1912. Description of Eggs of Ninox strenua Gould. Emu, xii., 21, 1912. Lilac Nape-band on Female Bower-Birds (Chlamydodera). Emu, xii., 22, 1912. Description of Eggs of Lesser Yellow-faced Honeyeater (Ptilotis sub- chrysops). Emu, xii., 45, 1912. Description of Nest and Eggs of Western Emu Wren (Stipitwrus western- ensis). Emu, xii., 46, 1912. Notes on the Cassowary (Casuarius australis Wall.). Emu, xii., 172-178, 4 plates, 1913. Descriptions of Eggs New to Science (Rallina tricolor and Ptilotis novae- norciae). Emu, xii., 192, 193, 1913. Descriptions of New Eggs (Mirafra rufescens, Ptilotis forresti, and Myzantha melanocephala crassirostris). Emu, xiii., 48, 49, 1913. Descriptions of Two New Eggs (Neositta leucoptera and Pezoporus flaviven- tris). Emu, xiii., 186, 1914. ior Sub-species of Honey-eater (Entomophila borealis). Emu, xiii., 187, Descriptions of New Australian Birds’ Eges (Colluricincla woodwardi, Amy- Ata woodwardi, Falcunculus whitei, and Malurus coronatus). Emu, hier, I" (- Australian Cuckoos. Emu, xiv., 144-154, 1915. H, L. WHITE. 123 Notes upon Astur cruentus. Emu, xiv., 154-6, 1915. Descriptions of New Australian Birds’ Eggs (Urospiza fasciata didima. Amytornis whitei, and Malurus dulcis). Emu, xiv., 157-8, 1915. Descriptions of Nests and Eggs New to Science (Microeca brunneicauda, Acanthiza uropygialis condora, Cinclosoma castanonotum dundasi, Mytisa striata oweni, and Aphelocephala castaneiventris whitei). Emu, xv., 35-6, 1915. Notes upon the Yellow-mantled Parrot (Platycercus splendidus Gould). Emu, xv., 169-171, 1916. Description of Australian Birds’ Eggs Hitherto Unreeorded (Platycercus splendidus, and Ethelornis magnirostris whitlocki). Emu, xv., 250, 1916. A New Wren-Warbler, Malurus lamberti dawsonianus, Emu, xvi., 69, col. pl., 1916. Description of Eggs New to Science—Notophoyx flavirostris Sharpe. Emu, xvi., 100, 1916. An Albino Eagle. Emu, xvi., 107, 1916. North Australian Birds (from McLennan’s narrative). Hmu, xvi. 117-158, map, 1917. North Australian Birds observed by W. McLennan. mu, xvi., 205-231, 1 pl., 1917. Description of New or Rare Eggs (Ninox humeralis, Acanthiza pygmea, Garzetta nigripes, Dacelo minor, Pachycephala inornata, Aprosmictus cyanopy- gius, Lopholaemus antarcticus, Climacteris mimor, and Eulabeornis castaneiventer). Emu, xvi., 159-164, 2 pls., 1917. Description of New Honey-eater of the genus Ptilotis from North Australia (Ptilotis albilimeata). Emu, xvi., 165, 1917. Deseription of Nest and Eggs of the Rufous-crowned Emu Wren (Stipi- turus ruficeps Campbell). Emu, xvii., 39, 1917. Kangaroos in Captivity. Aust. Zool., i. 83, 1917. Notes upon Eggs of the Wedge-tailed Eagle (Uroaetus audax). Emu, xvii., 149-150, 1918. Birds in my Garden. Aust. Zool., i., 103-107, 1918. Description of a New Sub-species of Malurus cyanotus. Emu, xviii., 121, 1918. Description of a New Sub-species of Acanthiza nana. Emu, xviii., 122, 1918. Descriptions of Two New Nests and Eggs (Malurus leucopterus edouardi and Eremiornis cartert). Emu, xviii., 127-8, 1918. The Letter-winged Kite (Hlanus scriptus Gould). Emu, xviii., 157-9, 1919. The Rufous Serub-Bird (Atrichornis rufescens) in Queensland. A New Sub-species. Hmu, xix., 257-8, col. pl., 1920. New Sub-species of Pachycephala olivacea. Emu, xix., 273, 1920. Description of New Australian Eggs collected by F. Lawson Whitlock, R.A.0.U., at Dirk Hartog Island, Western Australia (Malwrus leucopterus, Stipiturus malachurus hartogi, Calamanthus campestris hartogi, Corvus bennetti bonhott, Oreoica cristata Woydi, and Anthus australis hartogi). Emu, xx., 186, 1921. Notes on the Grass Wren (Amytornis textilis). Emu, xx., 190, pl., 1921. Nests and Eggs Not Previously Described (Atrichornis rufescens jacksoni, Pachycephala elivacea macphersonianus, and Pachycephala rufiventris maudeae). Emu, xx., 193-4, 2 pls., 1921. Further Notes on Rufous Serub-Bird and Olive Thickhead in Queensland. Emu, xx., 194, 1921. 124 IN MEMORIAM. Descriptions of Australian Eggs New to Science (Menura superba edwardi, and Pseudogerygone tenebrosa). Emu, xxi., 31-2, 1921. The Naretha Parrot (Psephotus narethae). Emu, xxi., 81-3, col. pl., 1921. Two New Sub-species of Birds (Gymnorhina tibicen eylandtensis, and Geo- phaps scripta peninsulae). Emu, xxi., 163, 1922. Descriptions of New Nests and Eggs (Cinclosoma alisteri, Acanthiza pusilla whitlocki, Strepera graculina robinsoni, Climacteris melanota, Geophaps scripta peninsulae, and Podargus strigoides capensis). Emu, xxi., 164, 1922. Abnormal and Curious Combination Clutches. Emu, xxi., 167, 1922. Description of Nest and Egg of Turnix olivii Robinson. Emu, xxii., 2, 1922. An Abnormal Clutch of Blue-faced Honey-eater’s Eggs. Hmu, xxii., 3, 1922. New sub-species of Acanthiza nana Vigors & Horsfield. Emu, xxii., 97, 19232, Description of Eggs of the Golden-shouldered Parrot (Psephotus chrysop- terygius). Emu, xxii., 98, 1922. A Collecting Trip to Cape York Peninsula. Emu, xxii., 99, 11 pls., 1922. Notes on the Pied Bell-Magpie (Strepera graculina). Emu, xxii., 258, 1923. The Wing Markings of the Black-backed Magpie. Emu, xxiii., 2, 1923. The White Goshawk. Hmu, xxiii., 3, 1923. Description of Some New Nests and Eggs (Amytornis purnelli, A. modesta, and Stipiturus ruficeps). Emu, xxiii., 241-2, 1924. Notes on Eggs Collected in Central Australia by F. Lawson Whitlock, R.A.0.U., 1923. Emu, xxiii., 243-247, 8 pls., 1924. Witi14m Epwarp Jonn Parapice, M.B., Ch.M. (Syd.)., Surgeon Lieutenant-Commander, Royal Australian Navy. (Portrait Plate xxii.) Born at Sydney, New South Wales, February, 1897; died at Sydney, 3rd November, 1927. ’ Thursday, November 3rd, 1927, will always be remembered as a tragic day in the history of the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, for the un- paralleled disaster, when the s.s. “Tahiti” struck and sank the ferry “Greycliffe” on the waters of Port Jackson, resulting in the death of one of its most pro- minent and capable members in the person of Surgeon Lieut.-Commander W. E. J. Paradice. This enthusiastic naturalist, so suddenly removed from our midst when on the threshold of a brilliant naval and biological career, revealed himself to his intimates as a lovable character and steadfast friend. It was he who must be credited with the inauguration of our Marine Zoological Section, which is now firmly established largely as a result of his labours. Dr. Paradice was born in Sydney in February, 1897, and educated at the Fort Street High. School. He was a promising scholar and a good sportsman, and early evinced a love of natural history, being particularly interested in fishes. He was also an excellent rifle shot and, whilst in England with the Common- wealth Coronation Cadet Contingent in 1911, took part in contests at Bisley. After studying Medicine at the University of Sydney and graduating with the degrees M.B. and Ch.M. in 1920, Dr. Paradice entered the Royal Australian Navy as a Surgeon-Lieutenant on August 1st, 1921, and was attached to H.M.A.S. “Geranium” in 1923 and 1924, when, under Commander H. T. Bennett, D.S.O., R.N., she carried on survey work in Queensland and the Northern Territorv W. E. J. PARADICE. ales) There he was able to indulge his bent for natural history to the full, and made large collections of marine animals for the Australian Museum. He was instru- mental in securing also a large fossil Ichthyosaurus from the Northern Territory. Dr. Paradice was an active member of the Great Barrier Reef Investigation Committee, and wrote an important paper on the coral reefs of the Outer Barrier. In recognition of this scientific work, he was promoted to the rank of Surgeon Lieutenant-Commander on August Ist, 1926, being then Medical Officer in charge at Garden Island, Port Jackson, and of the Naval wing of the Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick. In association with Museum zoologists, he made a hydro- graphic survey of the mud-flats of Gunnamatta Bay, near Sydney, a rich collect- ing ground for marine invertebrates, and was elected an Honorary Correspondent of the Australian Museum. He was Honorary Secretary and later Vice-President of the Marine Zoological Section of the Royal Zoological Society, of which he was a Councillor. Just prior to his death, Dr. Paradice had been engaged in working out the life-histories of the commoner fishes of Port Jackson, and was President of the Microscopical Society of New South Wales. A bryozoan, Phylactella paradicei, has been named in his honour.* His remains were interred with full Naval honours at South Head Cemetery, overlooking the Harbour whose natural history he had studied so assiduously, and in whose placid waters he had met his most untimely fate. Surgeon Lieut.-Commander Paradice has left a widow (daughter of the late Mr. Wm. Houston) and baby son to mourn his loss, whilst his many friends in naval and scientific circles will sadly miss his company and the quiet and sincere disposition which had endeared him to them all. A sudden demise, such as his, forcibly reminds us that we are only separated from extinction at times by a momentary hesitation or indecision, and makes us realise how paltry are our little hopes, fears, and differences of opinion. G. P. Wuittey and IF’. A. MeNEI. : BIBLIOGRAPHY. Reports of three interesting case records. Med. Journ. Austr., 1923, ii., 616. Dealt with more fully in “Reports of Three Cases,” infra, 1924. Reports of Three Cases. (Inguinal Bubo Accompanied by Eosinophilia; Hyper- trophy of Gums; Aspergillosis). rans. Australas. Med. Congress (Brit. Med. Assoe.), Ist Session, Melbourne, 1923. Med. Journ. Austr. Suppl., April 12th, 1924, 224-226. A Report on the Sir Edward Pellew Group, with Special Reference to Biology and Physical Features. (Parl. Comm. Australia Rept.) Govt. Printer, Mel- bourne, 1924. Fol., 1-20, of which 9-20 are plates; 6 maps and 2 topo- graphical sketches. Injuries and Lesions caused by the bites of Animals and Insects. Med. Journ. Austr., 1924, ii., 650-652, figs. 1-2. The Pinnacle—or Mushroom-shaped coral growth in connection with the Reefs of the Outer Barrier. Trans. Roy. Geograph. Soc. Austr. (Queensland), i, July 13th, 1925, 52-60, pls. vi.-vii., 4 diagrams, 9 sections, and map. Fish and other Marine Animals of Australia, of Special Interest. Health Inspect. Assoc. Austr., Quart. Rev., iv., 3, July, 1926, 43-48, pls. ii. Some Recent Natural History Observations. (A Note on the Occurrence of Burrowing Crustacean Sphaeroma quoyana at Cockatoo Island, Sydney; * Livingstone, Records of the Australian Museum, xv., 1., 1926, p. 89, pl. vii. and figure 1. 126 REVIPW. A Note on the Occurrence of Albatrosses in Sydney Harbour during the Winter of 1926; A Note on the Habits and Station of Centrostephanus rodgersii in Port Jackson; Observations on the Breeding of the Black Swan (Chenopis atrata) and the Black Duck (Anas superciliosa) in Centennial Park, Sydney, during August, 1926). Austr. Zool., iv., 5, November 30th, 1926, 319-322, pls. xlil.-liv. Northern Territory Fishes. An Annotated List of Fishes collected from the waters of the Northern Territory of Australia during the Cruises of H.M.A.S. “Geranium,” 1923-1925. Mem. Q’ld. Mus., ix., 1, April 28th, 1927, 76-106, pls. xi.-xv., text-figs. 1-3, and sketch-map (with Gilbert P. Whitley). Vincent’s Angina. Med. Journ. Austr., 1927, 1., 443-444. A Selection of Cases from among Naval Patients of Interest from a Bacterio- logical Point of View. Trans. Australas. Med. Congress (Brit. Med. Soe.), 2nd Session, Dunedin, 1927. Med. Journ. Austr. Suppl., 4, September 3rd, 1927, 127-128 and Suppl. 5, September 10th, 1927, 129-130. The Marine Life of Northern Australia. N.S. Wales Rod Fishers’ Soc., Ann. Rept., 1926-27, 28. REVIEW. A MonoGrRAPH OF THE AUSTRALIAN LORICATES. (Phylum Mollusca—Order Loricata). By Tom Iredale and A. F. Basset Hull. 4to., pp. i.-xiii. ++ 1-168, pls. i-xxi., figs. 1-12 and frontispiece. Published 20th July, 1927, by the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. Price, Five Shillings. Students of natural history in Australia frequently feel the need for well- illustrated books dealing authoritatively with its fauna and flora. Of late, several fine works on Australian animals, notably vertebrates and insects, have appeared to help in filling this need, and now a Monograph of, Australian Lori- cates can be added to their number. The Lorieates, Chitons, or Mail Shells are remarkable molluses which are found quite commonly on all Australian coasts. Their beautiful shells, made up of eight plates, have been utilised in making jewellery, whilst an increasing number of naturalists now collect them for cabinet purposes, because, apart from their scientific interest, they make a fine display when mounted. Messrs. T. Iredale and A. F. Basset Hull have written qn the Loricates in such detail in their Monograph that any known Australian species may be named from their work, and all that has been discovered about its distribution and habits learned. Fossils and freaks are also dealt with, and interesting notes and pic- tures are given of the conchologists and collectors who have studied our Loricate fauna. The Monograph contains well over four hundred fine figures, some of them being coloured, and all specially prepared by expert artists. No naturalist interested in our marine fauna should be without this model monograph, whieh was wholly compiled and printed in Australia. G.P.W. NOTES AND NOTICES. d 127 NOTES AND NOTICES. New Members: The following have been elected since publication of the last list (18 May, 1927) :— Associate Benefactor: The Walter and Eliza Hall Trust. Life Members: Frank Buckle, W. C. Cormack. Ordinary Members: F. Black, A. Bailey, H. V. Carter, K. G. Childers, Mrs. D. Fels, W. Hannam, W. H. Hannam, E. Judd, M. C. Faviell, E. H. Lindquist, H. S. Mort, H. D. McLachlan, W. J. McMaster, R. McLean, E. A. Palmer, K. C. Richardson, C. Thackeray. Life Associate Member: Phillip A. Wright. Associate Members: R. F. Bailey, Mrs. C. A. Ferguson, H. H. Finlayson, W. M. Gower, Miss E. Harnett, Mr. and Mrs. J. Castle Harris, R. S. Hackett, G. G. Kelly, W. A. MacDougall, A. Probsthain, D. H. Stuart, Miss. V. Taylor, H. Tanner, C. Walton. Honorary Associate Member: Gregory M. Mathews. MEETINGS OF SECTIONS. Entomological Section: Wednesday—8 February, 1928. Wednesday—9 May, 1928. 14 March, 13 June, 11 April, Marine Zoological Section: Monday—5 December, 1927. Monday—2 April, 1928. 2 January, 1928. 7 May, 6 February, : 4 June, 5 March, Ornithological Section: Friday—16 December, 1927. Friday—13 April, 1928. 20 January, 1928. 18 May, 17 February, 15 June, 16 March, Sectional meetings are held in the Society’s room, Bull’s Chambers, 28 Martin Place, Sydney, at 7.30 p.m. A NEW RULE. Rule 6.—Endowment Members, Benefactors, and Associate Benefactors shall be elected by the Council upon nomination by a member of Council. Every Endowment Member, Benefactor, and Associate Benefactor shall be entitled to receive an annual pass and tickets of admission to Taronga Park as in the case of an ordinary member. In the case of a corporation or trust the pass shall be issued in the name of some person nominated by such corporation or trust. D) a INTENSIVE BIRD OBSERVING. We have read very many “Observations” contributed to our contemporaries, but few have equalled the following article, which we extract from The Victorian Naturalist, vol. xlii., 1926, 216 :— BLUE WRENS IN MELBOURNE GARDENS. Writing on Blue Wrens in the “Naturalist” of August last, D. Dickison says—“few, if any of the males lose their bright plumage during winter.” My experience is of nine pairs of birds about the Treasury and Fitzroy Gardens, Melbourne, some of which have been observed for three years. Seven of the nine males went out of colour last winter. Two appeared to keep their blue plumage all the year. Three that I have watched for three winters were out of colour this year. All are very careful to keep to their own particular localities. If one crossed a path into another’s flower bed, it was at once chased out by one or other of the pair occupying it. One pair, behind the Treasury, has its domain separated by quite an imaginary line from that of the neighbouring pair a few yards away. This exclusiveness is, however departed from about June, when the parent birds take the young ones out to get rid of them to would-be partners. Not all are disposed of thus, and those not mated feed the second and third broods willingly, and some even stay with their parents for three years, though in full colour. The greatest. fear the Blue Wrens have is of the White-naped Honeyeaters (Ptilotis penicillata) swooping down on them, and if feeding in the open they wateh carefully for these assaults. On windy days, too, the noise seems to pre- vent them ever leaving the shelter of the bushes. These Wrens are all known birds that come when called, to eat egg or cake, and eall out complainingly if we pass without feeding them. They are as follow :— 1. The Treasury pair which has been reported to have nested near here each season for four years. The male does not change colour in the winter. The pair in the old Seotch College garden. The male is from No. 3, where he fed the young ones for three years, although in colour. 3. The very tame pair at the arch in the Treasury Gardens in Lansdowne Street. These are so tame that they feed out of our hands. - Last year a bough fell on the archway while they were nesting. In consequence they tried to nest in the rubbish below, but were driven out and re turned to the arch. They come many yards to meet us when ealled. 4. The pair in the left hand bed in the Fitzroy Gardens. The female, who is white-eyed, is from No. 3. She wandered over to the left, where she mated with a lone male. They then frequented the gully for a time, but finally returned, and are now (September) nesting in the pine tree. 5. The pair on the right hand side of the path in the small eypress. Last year they built in a palm. The cock, specially, fed the young ones. This year they have already hatched out. A different pair built in the same place before, but were disturbed. 6. The pair in the rubbish tip beside the gully. The female is an albino. These have a very wide range. 7. The pair in the hedge round the gardener’s house. This male has two white shoulders. The female comes from as far as 100 yards to meet us. = ee The pair nesting just outside the work-shop. ; A white-eyed female and her mate living just behind No. 1. —G. Horne, bo g2) (gd —— eS os THE AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGIST, Vol. v. PLATE 1, See explanation of Plate on p. 102. Bi el : i A or e 7 = 7 : © | oc a ed ne ee wat ie ons Ge! oe THE AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGIST, Vol. v. PLATE II. See explanation of Plate on p. 103. ah 4 * THe AUSTRALIAN ZOoLoGist, Vol. v. PLATE II. \ \ [.f N Hi See explanation of Plate on p. 104. Tur AUSTRALIAN ZooLocist, Vol. y. : PLATE Iv. Photographs of a living wasp-like syrphid fly, Microdon variegatus Walk. Fig. 2 shows the norma] fly-attitude of the resting insect and the remaining figures the wasp-like atti- tudes assumed by the active insect. Notice the vibrating wings and antennae in Fig. 5. xd. PLATE V. Ist, Vol. v. THE AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOC Fo sa AMO] SOULPISIA “pq vambnasas % Ol FLX wunusadsojydaT sisayysayy °G “Oly “1X ‘ploydobup JO SLOMOY SUIPISTA ‘apjaeq Uto0d -louo, oyt-dseam v “Aqyy vynynbmo sisayysazy "TL “Sly 5 ‘GX “Woyerqra prdva« ey} 0} onp st ssurAr BI ay}; Jo sourtvodde potmyq oy], “vsoydobuy Jo stoop = SUIPISIA “PMA srgpnpra snug ‘Sy prepAu y *z “Oly a G “Sty N| Tue AUSTRALIAN ZOOLOGIST, Vol. v. [x “10}4B] oY} FO ,,WOBIMO[OD SUIUALA,, SHONdTdSUOd oY} 230N auqey snddiyoiw npwung JO vary vB surmydeo ‘(-1qRiy snpiday aeou) “ds sajsyog ‘dsem-reded wy ‘T ‘sty T SLT PLATE vn. Tre AUSTRALIAN ZooLocist, Vol. v. 8 0} s0u8 §gX BAIR] “EL X IUpy ‘UOBUPS OURS ay} UL punoF yUB Jo seeds qodde ur repos AIOA st VAaey Sunok ayy, ‘ds snqvogday “suq plotoo w Fo ware, sunok | “Sty PUB FNPB T LT ~ ‘Shy T (OMT Tue AustTRALIAN Zoorocist, Vol. vy. PLATE VII, Fig. 1. An ant-lion lacewing fly, Formicaleo breviusculus Gerst. resting on a twig. Fig. 2. ar 2 lal leon Lee ll \ NINA N\A aA AAA aahaka® ad “a, oa a a = a ~S | { pan = lala “Aa Aye eT.) . La! | Ye em a vr) ~~ - Aas. a agar” nA aan ~ fn fn MARAR'a\AR NAR\A\A AAAAS BARABSAA AA = RARE = ONE : aanaAares REA Sas amas’ + - r / AmA ~ anncn’ 4 Zz ‘ POS NR Be Pe tp pa, B AAraA a araanaaal ; rd qheped Ap ®Aaaan RARE N RAR’ Ae alot Sah aA Ananda 2 TIT Aer FR ny mann naa SR a RA AAR A | ; ala. |e ‘ a : “—s ‘. NY i atiaa\ PRA Lf. AAA Ao an aa. RR aneas; te eee YY HAIMA 3 9088 01257 1659