Modern Englisli Writers II. i
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A SLANDER
by
Edna Lyal,
and
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Für den Schulgebraucli bearbeitet
von
Camilla Hammond,
engl. Leluerin I. K. H. der Prinzessin Pauline von Wurtteinliei';
Wolfenbüttel.
i Verlag yon Jnlins Zwissler.
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http://www.archive.org/details/autobiographyofsOOIyal
Modern English. "Writers II.
AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF A SLANDER
Edna Lyal,
and
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
Für den Scliiügebrauch bearbeitet
Camilla Hammond,
engl. Lehrerin I. K. H. der Prinzessin Pauline von Württemberg.
Wolfenbüttel.
Verlag von Julius Zwissler.
1898.
Vorwort.
Der zweite Band der Sammlung Modern English Writers soll im AnscUnss an den ersten Band „Alone in London" oder an eine andere leichte Erzählung einen passenden Lesestoif für Knaben- u. Mädchen- schulen bieten. Der erste Teil des Bändchens ist eine etwas gekürzte Wiedergabe von „The Autobiography of a Slander" von Edna Lyal, deren Schriften mit Recht unter der englischen Jugend sehr beliebt sind. In jeder ihrer Erzählungen bemüht sich die Schriftstellerin, dem jugendlichen Gemüt irgend eine wichtige Lehre einzuprägen, aber sie thut es stets im Gewände einer fesselnden Erzählung, ohne je in einen lehrhaften oder moralisierenden Ton zu verfallen. In der vorliegenden Geschichte zeigt sie, wie durch einen ganz natürlichen Zusammenhang der Ereignisse eine von einer an sich gutmütigen Person unbedacht ausgesprochene Verleumdung, die auf einem Schein von Wahrheit ruht, indem sie von Mund zu Mund geht, so anwächst, dass sie endlich das Verderben, ja den Tod eines Unschuldigen her- beiführt. Die Moral drängt sich nirgends dem Leser auf, aber da sie in eine originelle und daher in hohem Masse interessante Er- zählung eingekleidet ist. so kann sie nicht verfehlen, einen tiefen Eindruck auf das Gemüt zu machen. Es ist zu wünschen, dass der edle Zweck der begabten Verfasserin, zu strengster Wahrhaftigkeit zu erziehen, durch eine möglichst weite Verbreitung der Erzählung unterstützt werde. Die klare und wohllautende Sprache ist ein vor- treffliches Muster des modernen englischen Stils und bietet Schülern, die schon wenigstens eine einfache englische Erzählung gelesen haben, keine besonderen Schwierigkeiten.
Der zweite Teil des Bändchens enthält das Leben von Abraham Lincoln und wurde als die Arbeit eines ungenannten Verfassers von der „Society for Propagation of Christian Knowledge" in London heraus-
- IV —
gegeben. Ein Charakterbild dieses grossen Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten Nordamerikas kann kaum anders als anziehend wirken. Die beiden kurzen von der Herausgeberin vorausgeschickten Artikel sollen als Erklärung und Wiederholung dienen da, wo der Text eine ein- gehende Kenntnis der Eegierung der Vereinigten Staaten und des Bürgerkrieges zur Abschaffung der Sklaverei voraussetzt, damit das Ganze ein anschauliches Bild jener hochwichtigen Periode der ameri- kanischen Geschichte giebt, wo durch die Festigkeit und Thatkraft eines Mannes die Union vor Auflösung gerettet und ein ganzes Volk von dem Fluch der Sklaverei erlöst wurde.
Die auch diesem Bändcheh beigegebenen Anmerkungen und das Wörterbuch werden die Verwendung erleichtern. Von einer Angabe der AussJ)rache ist dabei abgesehen worden, einmal weil es für Schüler bestimmt ist, die schon eine allgemeine Kenntnis der Sprache be- sitzen und dann, weil es unter der Voraussetzung bearbeitet ist, dass es in Schulen unter Leitung des Lehrers geleseii wird, und dass alle neuen Lautverbindungen v o r der häuslichen Präparation in der Klasse korrekt gehört und eingeübt werden.
Stuttgart, im Januar 1898, ,,; , ^
Camilla HaniMOnd.
Autobiography of a Slander.
MY FIRST STAGE.
"At last tlie tea came up, and so With that our tongues began to g'O. Now in that house you're sure of knowing The smallest scrap of news that's going. We find it there the wisest way To take some care of what we say."
Jane Taylor, Recreation.
I was born on the 2^^^ September 1886, in a small, dull, country town. When I say the town was dull, I mean of course that the inhabitants were unenterprising, for in itself Muddleton was a picturesque place, and though it laboured under the usual disadvantage of a dearth of 5 bachelors and a superfluity of spinsters, it might have been pleasant enough had it not been a favourite resort for my kith and kin.
I was introduced into the world by an old lady nam- ed Mrs. O'Reilly. She was a very pleasant old lady, 10 the wife of a General, and one of those sociable, friendlj', talkative people who do much to cheer their neighbours,
II 1
2 Modern English Writers II.
particularly in a deadly-lively provincial place like Muddleton.
Mrs. O'Eeilly had been in lier day a celebrated beauty ; she was now grey-haired and stout, but there was still 5 something- impressive about her, and few could resist the charm of her manner and the pleasant easy flow of her small talk. Her love of gossip amounted almost to a passion, and nothing came amiss to her ; she liked to know every- thing about everj^body, and in the main I think her
10 interest was a kindly one, though she found that a little bit of scandal, every now and then, added a piquant flavour to the homel}^ fare provided by the commonplace life of the Muddletonians.
I will now, without further preamble, begin the
15 history of my life.
"I assure you, my dear Lena, Mr. Zaluski is nothing less than a Nihilist!"
With these words I sprang into being, a young but 20 most promising slander. A delicious odour of tea pervad- ed the drawing-room, and Mrs O'Reilly was just handing one of the delicate Crown Derby cups to her visitor, Miss Lena Houghton.
"What a shocking thing! Do you really mean it?" 25 exclaimed Miss Houghton. "Thank you, cream but no sugar; don't you know, Mrs. O'Reilly, that it is only Low-Church people who take sugar nowadays ? But really now, about Mr. Zaluski? How did you find it out? "My dear, I am an old woman, and I have learnt in 30 the course of a wandering life to put two and two to- gether," said Mrs. O'Reilly. She had somehow managed
Autobiography of a Slander. 3
to ignore middle age , and had passed from her position of renowned beauty to the position which she now firmly and constantly claimed of many years and much expe- rience. "Of course," she continued, "like every one else, I was glad enough to be friendly and pleasant to Sigis- 5 mund Zaluski, and as to his being a Pole, why, I think it rather pleased me than otherwise. You see, my dear, I have knocked about the world and mixed with all kinds of people. Still one must draw the line some- where, and I confess it gave me a very painful shock to 10 find that he had such violent antipathies to law and order. When he took Ivy Cottage for the summer I made the General call at once, and before long we had become very intimate with him; but, my dear, he's not what I thought him — not at all!" "Well now, I am delighted 15 to hear you say that," said Lena Houghton, with some excitement in her manner, "for it exactly fits in with what I always felt about him. From the first I disliked that man, and the way he goes on with Gertrude Morley is simply dreadful. If they are not engaged they ought to 20 be — that's all I can say."
"Engaged, my dear ! I trust not," said Mrs. O'Eeilly. "I had always hoped for something very different for dear Gertrude. Quite between ourselves, you know, do you not think my nephew John Carew and she would make 25 a very good pair?" "Well, you see, I like Gertrude to a certain extent," replied Lena Houghton. "But I never raved about her as so many people do. Still I hope she will not marry Mr. Zaluski; she deserves a better fate than that." 30
"I quite agree with you," said Mrs. O'Eeilly with a
1*
4 Modern English Writers II.
troubled look. "But this is the first I have heard of it. I can't think how it has escaped my notice."
"Nor I, for indeed he is up at the Morley's pretty
nearly every day. What with tennis, and music, and
5 riding, there is always some excuse for it. I can't think
what Gertrude sees in him, he is not even good-looking."
"There is a certain surface good-nature about him," said Mrs. O'Eeilly. "It deceived even me at first. But, my dear Lena, mark my words : that man has a fearful 10 temper ; and I pray Heaven that poor Gertrude may have her eyes opened in time. Besides, to think ot that little, gentle, delicate thing marrying a Nihilist! It is too dreadful; really, quite too dreadful!"
"The thing I can't understand is why all the world 15 has taken him up so," said Lena Houghton. "One meets him everywhere, yet nobody seems to know anything about him. Just because he has taken Ivy Cottage for four months, and because he seems to be rich and good- natured, every one is ready to run after him."
20 "Well, well," said Mrs. O'Eeilly, "we all like to be
neighbourly, my dear, and a week ago I should have been ready to say nothing but good of him. But now my eye have been opened. I'll tell you just how it was. We were sitting here, just as you and I are noAV, at afternoon tea ;
25 the talk had flagged a little , and for the sake of some- thing to say I made some remark about Bulgaria — not that I really know anything about it, you know, for I'm no politician; still, I knew it was a subject that would make talk just now. My dear, I assure you I was posi-
30 tively frightened. All in a minute his face changed, his
Autobiography of a Slander. 5
eyes flashed, lie broke into such a torrent of abuse as I never heard in my life before."
"Do you mean that he abused you?"
"Dear me,, no ! But Eussia and the Czar, and tyranny and despotism, and many other things I had never heard 5 of. I tried to calm him down and reason with him, but I might as well have reasoned with the cockatoo in the window. At last he caught himself up quickly in the middle of a sentence, strode over to the piano, and began to play, as he generally does, you know, when he comes 10 here. Well, would you believe it, my dear! instead of improvising or playing operatic airs as usual, he began to play a stupid little tune which every child was taught years ago, of course with variations of his own. Then he turned round on the music-stool with the oddest smile I 15 ever saw, and said, "Do you know that air, Mrs. O'Eeilly ?"
" 'Yes,' I said ; 'but I forget now what it is.' "
"'It was composed by Pestal, one of the victims of Russian tyranny,' said he. 'The executioner did his work badly, and Pestal had to be strung up twice. In the 20 interval he was heard to mutter, 'Stupid country, where they don't even know how to hang!"
"Then he gave a little forced laugh, got up quickly, wished me good-bye, and was gone before I could put in a word." 25
"What a horrible story to tell in a drawing-room." said Lena Houghton. "I envy Gertrude less than ever."
"Poor girl ! What a sad prospect for her !" said Mrs. O'Reilly, with a sigh. "Of course, my dear, you'll not repeat what I have just told you." 30
"Not for the world!" said Lena emphatically.
6 Modern English Writers II.
"It is perfectly safe with me." The conversation was here abruptly ended, for the page threw open the drawing-room door and announced "Mr. Zaluski". 5 "Talk of the angel," murmured Mrs. O'Reilly mth
a significant smile at her companion. Then skillfully altering the expression of her face, she beamed graciously on the guest who was ushered into the room, and Lena Houghton also prepared to greet him most pleasantly.
10 I looked with much interest at Sigismund Zaluski
and as I looked I partly understood why Miss Houghton had been prejudiced against him at first sight. He had lived five years in England, and nothing pleased him more than to be taken for an Englishman. He had had
15 his silky black hair cropped in the very hideous fashion of the present day ; and he tried to be English in every respect. But in spite of his fluent speech and almost per- fect accent, there lingered something about him that would not harmonise with that ideal of an English gentle-
20 man which is latent in most minds.
He was a little above the average height and very finely built; but there was nothing striking about his features, and I think Miss Houghton spoke truly when she said that he was "not even good-looking". Still, in spite
25 of this, it was a face that grevf upon most people , and
I felt the least little bit of regret as I looked at him,
because I knew I should persistently haunt and harass
him, and should do all that could be done to spoil his life.
Apparently he had forgotten all about Russia and
30 Bulgaria, for he looked radiantly happy.
"How delightful and home-like your room alwyas
Autobiography of a Slander. 7
looks!" he exclaimed, taking the cup of tea which Mrs. O'Eeilly handed to him. "I am horribly lonely at Ivy Cottage. This house is a sort of oasis in the desert."
''Why, you are hardly ever at home, I thought," said Mrs. O'Eeilly smiling. "You are the lion of the 5 neighbourhood just now ; and I'm sure it is very good of you to come in and cheer a lonely old woman. Are you going to play me something more lively to-daj^?"
He laughed.
"Ah! Poor Pestal! I had forgotten all about our lO last meeting."
„You were very much excited that day," said Mrs. O'Reilly. "I had no idea that your political notions — "
He interrupted her.
"Ah ! no politics to-day, dear Mrs. O'Eeilly. Let us 15 have nothing but enjoyment and harmony. See, now, I will play you something very much more cheerful."
And sitting down to the piano he played the Bridal March from "Lohengrin", then wandered off into an im-, provised air, and finally treated them to some recollec- 20 tions of the "Mikado".
Lena Houghton watched him thoughtfully as she put on her gloves ; he was playing with great spirit, and the words of the opera rang in her ears: —
"For he's going- to marry Yum-ynm, Yiim-yum, 25
And so you had better be dumb, dumb, dumb!"
I knew very well that she would not follow this moral advice, and I laughed to myself because the whole scene was such a hollow mockery. The placid, benevo- lent-looking old lady leaning back in her arm-chair; the 30 girl in her blue gingham and straw hat preparing to go
8 Modem English Writers II.
to the afternoon service ; the happy lover entering- heart and soul into Sullivan's charming music ; the pretty room with its Chippendale furniture, its aesthetic hangings, its bowls of roses; and the sound of church-bells wafted through the open window on the soft summer breeze.
5 Yet I had been introduced into the world, and even if Mrs. O'Eeilly had been willing to admit to herself that she had broken the ninth commandment, and had ear- nestly desired to recall me, all her tears and sighs and regrets would have availed nothing ; so true is the saying,
10 „Of thy word unspoken thou art master; thy spoken word is master of thee."
"Thank you." "Thank you." "How I envy your power of playing!"
The two ladies seemed to vie with each other in
15 making pretty speeches, and Zaluski, who loved music
and loved giving pleasure, looked really pleased. I am
sure it did not enter his head that his two companions
were not sincere, or that they did not wish him well.
Undoubtedly he was seeing blissful visions of the
20 future all the time that he replied to the pretty speeches and shook hands with Lena Houghton , and opening the drawing-room door for her, took out his watch to assure her that she had plenty of time and need not hurry to church.
25 Poor Zaluski! He looked so kindly and pleasant.
Though I was only a slander, and might have been supposed to have no heart at all, I did feel sorry for him when I thought of the future, and of the grief and pain that would persistently dog his steps.
AutobiogTaphy of a Slander.
MY SECOND STAGE.
"Bear not false witness, slander not, nor lie; "Truth is the speech of inward purity."
Light of Asia.
In my first stage the reader will perceive that I 5 was a comparatively weak and harmless little slander. But I developed with great rapidity; and I believe men of science will tell you that this is always the case with low organisms. That for instance, while it takes years to develope the man from the baby and months to deve- 10 lope the dog from the puppy, the baby monad will grow to maturity in an hour.
Personally I should have preferred to linger in Mrs. O'Reilly's pleasant drawing-room, for, as I said before, my victim interested me, and I wanted to observe him more 15 closely, but I received orders to attend evensong at the parish church, and to haunt the mind of Lena Houghton. As we passed down the High Street the bells rang out loud and clear, and they made me feel the same slight sense of discomfort that I had felt when I looked at Za- 20 luski ; however, I went on, and soon entered the church. It was a fine old Gothic building, and the afternoon sunshine seemed to flood the whole place ; even the white stones in the aisle were glorified here and there with gorgeous patches of colour from the stained glass Avindows. 25 But the strange stillness and quiet oppressed me , I did not feel nearly so much at home as in Mrs. O'ReiUy's drawing-room — to use a terrestrial simile, I felt like a fish out of water.
10 Modem English Writers II.
For some time I could find no entrance into the mind
of Lena Houghton. Try as I would, I could not distract
her attention or gain the slightest hold upon her, and I
really believe I should have been altogether baffled, had
5 not the rector unconsciously come to my aid.
All through the prayers and psalms I had fought a desperate fight without gaining a single inch. Then the rector walked over to the lectern, and the moment he began to read I knew there was a fair chance of vic-
10 tory before me. Some clergymen seem to have the notion that the Bible must be read in a drear}^ and unnatural tone of voice, or with a sort of mournful monotony. Lena Houghton's attention could only have been given to the drearily read chapter by a very great effort, and she was
15 a little lazy and did not make the effort. I promptly seized my opportunity, and in a moment her mind was full of me. She was an excitable, impressionable sort of girl, and when once I had gained an entrance into her mind I found it the easiest thing in the world to dom-
20 inate her thoughts. During all the rest of the service her mind was occupied with terrible possibilities, with unhappy marriages, and with Russia and Nihilism, and by the time it came to an end I had brought her into exactly the condition I desired.
25 The congregation rose. Lena Hougthon, still domi-
nated by me, knelt longer than the rest, but at last she got up and walked down the aisle, and I felt a great sense of relief and satisfaction. We were out in the open air once more, and I had triumphed; I was quite
30 sure she would tell the first person she saw, for, as I have said before, she was entirely taken up with me, and
Autobiography of a Slander. 11
to have kept me to herself would have required far more strength and unselfishness than she at that moment pos- sessed. She walked slowly through the churchyard, feeling much pleased to see that the curate had just left the vestry door, and that in a few moments their paths 5 must converge.
Mr. Blackthorne was a little younger, and much less experienced in the ways of the world than Sigismund Zaluski. He was a good, well-meaning fellow, a little narrow, a little prejudiced, a little spoiled by the devotion of the district 10 visitors and Sunday-school teachers; but he was honest and energetic, and as a worker among the poor few could have equalled him. He seemed to fancy, however, that with the poor his work ended, and he was not always as wise as he might have been in Muddleton society. 15
"Good afternoon, Miss Houghton," he exclaimed, "Do 3^ou happen to know if your brother is at home." I want just to speak to him about the choir treat."
"Oh, he is sure to be in by this time," said Lena. And they walked home together. 20
"I am so glad to have this chance of speaking to you," she began rather nervously. "I wanted particularly to ask your advice."
Mr. Blackthorne, being human and young, was not unnaturally flattered by this remark. "Was it anything 25 about your district?" he asked, devoutly hoping she was not going to propound some difficult question about the origin of evil, or some other obscure subject. For though he liked the honour of being consulted, he did not always like the trouble it involved, and he remembered with a 3®
12 Modern Eiigiish Writers II.
shudder that Miso Houghton had ouce asked him liis opin- ion about the Ethical Concept of the Good".
"It was only that I was so troubled about something- Mrs. O'Reilly has just told me," said Lena Houghton. 5 "You won't tell any one that I told you ?"
"On no account," said the curate warmly.
"Well, you know Mr. Zaluski, and how the Morleys have taken him up?"
"Everyone has taken him up," said the curate, with 10 the least little touch of resentment in his tone. "I knew that the Morleys were his special friends; I imagine he admires Miss Morley."
"Yes, every one thinks they are engaged or on the brink of it. And, oh, Mr. Blackthorne, can't you or 15 somebody put a stop to it, for it seems such a dreadful fate for poor Gertrude?"
The curate looked startled.
"Why, I don't profess to like Mr. Zaluski," he said.
"But I don't know anything exactly against him." 20 "But I do. Mrs. O'Reilly has just been telling me."
"What did she tell you?" he asked with some curiosity.
"Why, she has found out that he is really a Nihil- ist — just think of a Nihilist going about loose like 25 this, and playing tennis at the rectory and all the good houses ! And not only that, but she says he is altogether a dangerous, unprincipled man, with a dreadful temper. You can't think how unhappy she is about poor Gertrude, and so am I, for we were at school together and have 30 always been friends."
"I am very sorry to hear about it," said Mr. Black-
Autobiography of a Slander. 13
thorne, "but I don't see that anything can be done. You see, one does not like to interfere in these sort of things. It seems officious rather, and meddlesome."
"Yes, that is the worst of it," she replied, with a sigh. "I suppose we can do nothing. Still, it has been 5^ a great relief just to tell you about it and get it off" my mind. I suppose we can only hope that something may put a stop to it all — we must just leave it to chance."
This sentiment amused me not a little. Leave it to chance indeed ! Had she not caused me to grow stronger 10 and larger by every word she uttered? And had not the conversation revealed to me Mr. Blackthorne's one vulnerable part? I knew well enough that I should be able to dominate his thoughts as I had done hers. Find- ing me burdensome, she had passed me on to somebody 15 else with additions that vastly increased my working powers, and then she talked of leaving it to chance! The way in which mortals practise pious frauds on them- selves is really delightful! And yet Lena Houghton was a good sort of girl, and had from her childhood repeated ao the catechism words which proclaim that "My duty to my neighbour is to love him as myself .... "To keep my tongue from evil — speaking, lying, and slandering." What is more she took great pains to teach these words 25 to a big class of Sunday school children, and went rain or shine, to spend two hours each Sunday in a stuffy schoolroom for that purpose. It was strange that she should be so ready to believe evil of her neighboui% and so eager to spread the story. 30
14 Modern English Writers II.
MY THIED STAGE.
"Alas ! such is onr weakness, that we often more reaclil}^ believe and speak of another that which is evil than that which is good. But perfect men do not easily 5 give credit to every report; because 5 they know man's
weakness , which is very prone to evil, and very subject to fail in words." Thomas ä Kempis.
All through that evening-, and trough the first part of the succeeding day, I was crowded out of the curate's
10 mind hj a host of thoughts with which I had nothing in common; and though I hovered about him as he taught in the school, and visited several sick people, and worked at his Sunday sermon, a Power which I felt but did not understand, baffled all my attempts to gain an entrance
15 and attract his notice. I made a desperate attack on him after lunch as he sat smoking and enjoying a well- earned rest, but it was of no avail. I followed him to a large garden-party later on, but to my great annoy- ance he went about talking to every one in the pleasant- est way imaginable, though I perceived that he was
20 longing to play tennis instead.
At length, however, my opportunity came. Mr. Black- thorne was talking to the lady of the house, Mrs. Cour- tenay, when she suddenly exclaimed —
25 "Ah, here is Mr. Zaluski just arriving. I began to
be afraid he had forgotten the day, and he is always such an acquisition. How do you do, Mr. Zaluski?" she said, greeting my victim warmly as he stepped on to the terrace. "So glad you were able to come. You know
30 Mr. Blackthorne, I think."
Aiitobiograpliy of a Slander. 15
Zaluski greeted the curate pleasantly, and liis dark eyes lighted up with a gleam of amusement.
"Oh, we are great friends," he said laughingly. "Only, you know, I sometimes shock him a little — just a A^ery little." 5
"That is very unkind of you, I am sure," said Mrs. Courtenay, smiling.
"No, not at all," said Zaluski, with the audacity of a pri^dleged being." It is just my little amusement, yery harmless, very — what you call innocent. Mr. Blackthorne 10 cannot make up his mind about me. One day I appear to him to be Catholic, the next Orthodox Greek, the next a convert to the Anglican Communion. I am a mystery, you see! And mysteries are as indispensable in life as in a romance." 15
He laughed. Mrs. Courtenay laughed too, and a little friendly banter was carried on, while the curate stood by feeling rather out of it.
I drew nearer to him feeling my prospects bid fair to improve. Few people can feel out of it without being 20 driven into a self-regarding mood, and then they are the easiest prey imaginable. Undoubtedly a man like Zaluski, with his easy nonchalance, his knowledge of the world, his genuine good-nature, and the background of sterling qualities which came upon you as a surprise because he 25 loved to make himself seem a mere idler, was apt to eclipse an ordinary mortal like James Blackthorne. The curate perceived this and did not like to be eclipsed — as a matter of fact, nobody does. It seemed to him a little unfair that he who had hitherto been made so much 30 of, should have to play second fiddle to this rich Polish
16 Modern English Writers II.
fellow who had never done anything- for Muddleton or the neighbourhood. And then too Sigismund Zaluski had a waj^ of poking fun at him that he did not take in good part. 5 Something of this began to stir in his mind; and he cordially hated the Pole when Jim Courtenay , who arranged the tennis, came up and asked him to play in the next set, passing the curate by altogether.
Then I found no difficulty at all in taking possession
10 of him ; indeed he seemed delighted to have me brought back to his memory, and I grew apace.
Zaluski, full of happiness, was playing with Gertrude Morley, and his play was so good and so graceful that everyone was watching it with pleasure. His partner,
15 too, played well ; she was a pretty, fair-haired girl, with soft grey eyes like the eyes of a dove ; she wore a white tennis dress and a white sailor hat, and at her throat she had fastened a cluster of beautiful orange-coloured roses.
20 If Mr. Blackthorne grew angry as he watched Sigis-
mund Zaluski, he grew doubly angry as he watclied Gertrude Morley. He said to himself that it was into- lerable that such a girl should fall a prey to a vain, shallow, unprincipled foreigner, and in a few minutes he
25 had painted such a dark picture of poor Sigismund that my strength increased tenfold.
"Mr. Blackthorne," said Mr. Courtenay, "would you take Mrs. Milton-Cleave to have an ice?"
Now Mrs. Milton-Cleave had always been one of the
30 curate's great friends. She was a very pleasant, talkative woman of six-and-thirty , and a general favourite. Her
Autobiograpliy of a Slander. 17
popularitj^ was well deserved, for she was always ready to do a kind action, and often went out of her way to help people who had not the slightest claim upon her. There was, however, no repose about Mrs. Milton-Cleave, and her universal readiness to help was caused to some 5 extent by her good heart, but in a large degree by a want of sufficient employment in her own home for her over-active mind. Her sphere was scarcely large enough for her, she would have made an excellent head of an orphan asylum or manager of some large institution, but 10 her quiet country life offered too narrow a field for her energy.
"It is really quite a treat to watch Mr. Zaluski's play," she remarked as they walked to the refreshment tent at the other end of the lawn." Certainly foreigners 15 know how to move much better than we do ; our best players look quite awkward beside them."
"Do you think so?" said Mr. Blackthorne.
"I am afraid I am full of prejudice, and consider that no one can equal a true-born Briton." 20
"I quite agree with you in the main," said Mrs. Milton- Cleave. "Though I must confess. I like to have a little variety."
The curate was silent, but that was because his thoughts were entirely occupied by me. I began to exer- 25 eise a faint influence through his mind on the mind of his companion. This caused her to say —
"I don't think you quite like Mr. Zaluski. Do you know much about him?"
"I have met him several times this summer," said 30 II 2
18 Modern English Writers II.
the curate, in the tone of one who could have said much more if he would.
The less satisfying his replies were, the more Mrs.
Milton-Cleave's curiosity grew. "Now, tell me candidly,"
5 she said at length. "Is there not some mystery about
our new neighbour? Is he quite what he seems to be?"
"I am afraid he is not," said Mr. Blackthorne, making*
the admission in a tone of reluctance, though, to teU the
truth, he had been longing to pass me on for the last
10 five minutes.
"Yon mean that he is fast?"
"Worse than that," said James Blackthorne, lowering
his voice as the}^ walked down one of the shady garden
paths. "He is a dangerous, unprincipled fellow, and into
15 the bargain an avowed Nihilist. All that is involved in
that word you perhaps scarcely realise."
"Indeed I do," she exclaimed with a horrified expres- sion. "I have just been reading a review on that book by Stepniak. Their social and religious views are terrible ; 20 everything that could bring ruin on the human race. Is he indeed a Nihilist?"
Mr. Blackthorne's conscience gave him a sharp prick, for he knew that he ought not to have passed me on. He tried to pacify it with the excuse that he had only 25 promised not to tell that Miss Houghton was his in- formant.
"I assure you," he said impressively, "it is only too true. I know it on the best authority."
And here I cannot help remarking that it has alwaj^s
30 seemed strange to me that even experienced women of
the world can be so easily hoodwinked by that vague
Autobiographj^ of a Slander. 19
nonentity, "The Best i^utliority." I am inclined to think that were I a human being I should retort with an ex- pressive motion of the finger and thumb, "Oh, you know it on the best authority, do you? Then that for your story!" 5
However I thrived wonderfully on the "best authority", and it would be ungrateful of me to speak evil of that powerful though imaginary personage.
At right angles with the garden walk down which the two were pacing there was another wide pathway. 10 Down this paced a very different couple. Mrs. Milton- Cleave caught sight of them, and so did the curate. Mrs. Milton-Cleave sighed.
"I am afraid he is running after Gertrude Morley! Poor girl! 1 hope she will not be deluded into encou- 15 raging him."
Then they made the usual remarks about the desir- ability of stopping so dangerous an acquaintance, and the impossibility of interfering in other people's affairs. I laughed so much at their hollow little phrases that 20 I was fain to beat a retreat, and, prompted by curiosity to know a little of the truth, I followed Sigismund and Gertrude down a broad grassy pathway. I knew of course a good deal of Zaluski's character because my own ex- istence and growth pointed out what he was not. I knew 25 therefore that he was not a Nihilist or an unprincipled fellow with a dangerous temper, or an Atheist, yet I was curious to see what he really was.
"If you only knew how happy you have made me," Sigismund was saying. And indeed as far as happiness 30 went there was not much to choose between them, I
2*
20 Modern Englisli Writers II.
tMnk; for Gertrude Morley looked radiant, and in her dove-like eyes there was the reflection of the love in his.
"You must talk to my mother about it," she said after a minute's silence. "You see, I am still under age. 5 and she and my guardian, Uncle Hemy, must consent before we are actually betrothed."
"I will see them at once," said Zaluski eagerly.
"You could see my mother," she replied. "But Uncle Henry is still in Sweden and will not be in town for 10 another week."
"Must we really wait so long!" sighed Sigismund impatiently.
She laughed at him gently.
"A whole week ! But then we are sure of each other 15 I do not think we ought to grumble."
"But perhaps they may think that a merchant is not a fitting match for you," he suggested. And I am nothing but a plain merchant, and my people have been in the same business for four generations. As far as wealth 20 goes I might perhaps satisfy your people, but for the rest I am but a prosaic fellow, with neither noble blood, nor the brain of a genius, nor anything out of the common."
"It will be enough for my mother that we love each other," she said shyly. 25 "And your uncle?"
"It will be enough for him that you are upright and honourable — enough that you are yourself, Sigismund."
They were sitting now in a sheltered recess clipped out of the yew-trees. 30 "I have led such a lonely life," he said after a
few minutes, during which their talk had baffled my
Autobiography of a Slander. 21
comprehension. "All my people died while I was still a boy."
"Then who brought jou up?" she inquired.
"An uncle of mine, the head of the firm in St. Peters- burg. He was very good to me, but he had children of 5 his own, and of course I could not be to him as one of them. I have had many friends and much kindness shown to me, but love! — none until to-day."
And then again they fell into the talk which I could not fathom. And so I left them in their brief 10 happiness, for my time of idleness was over, and I was ordered to attend Mrs. Milton-Cleave without delay.
MY FOURTH STAGE.
"Oh, the little more, and how much it is !
— E. Browning-. 15
Mrs. Milton- Cleave had one weakness — she possess- ed an inordinate love of power. This made her always anxious to be interesting both in her conversation and in her letters, and to this end she exerted herself with un- wearied activity. She liked influencing Mr. Blackthorne ; 20 and the curate was a good deal flattered by her friend- ship and thought her one of the most clever and charming women he had ever met.
Sigismund and Gertrude came up just as Mrs. Milton- Cleave was saying goodbye to the hostess. She glanced 25 at them searchingly.
"Good-bye, Gertrude," she said, a little coldly.
22 Modern English Writers II.
"Did you win at tennis?" "Indeed we did," said Gertrude, smiling. "We came off with flying- colours. It was a love set." The girl was looking more beautiful than ever, and 5 there was a tell-tale colour in her cheeks and an un- usual light in her soft grey eyes. As for Zaluski he had the audacity to look so supremely happy, that Mrs. Milton- Cleave was more than ever impressed with the gravity of the situation. The curate handed her into her victoria, 10 and she drove home through the sheltered lanes musing sadly over the story she had heard, and wondering what Gertrude's future would be. AVlien she reached home, however, the affair was driven from her thoughts by her children, of whom she was devotedly fond. They came 15 running to meet her, frisking like so many kittens round her as she Avent upstairs to her room, and begging to stay with her while she dressed for dinner. During dinner she was engrossed by her husband ; but afterwards, when she was alone in the drawingroom, I found an 20 opportunity of working on her restless mind.
"Dear me," she exclaimed, throwing aside the news- paper she had just taken up/' I ought to write to Mrs. Seldon about that G. F. S. girl!"
As a matter of fact she ought not to have written 25 then, the letter might well have waited till the morning, and she was overtired and needed rest. But I was glad to see her take up her pen, for I knew I should come in most conveniently to fill up the second side of the sheet. Before long Jane Stiggins, the member who had mi- 30 grated from Muddleton to Dulminster, had been duly re- ported, wound up, and made over to the Archdeacon's
Autobiography of a Slander. 23
wife. Then the tired hand paused. What more could she say to her friend?
"We are leading- our usual quiet life here," she wrote, "with the ordinary round of tennis - parties and picnics to enliven us. The children have all been very .5 well" — "Oh dear!" sighed Mrs. Milton-Cleave, "how dull and stupid I am to-night! I can't think of a single thing to say." Then at length I flashed into her mind, and with a sigh of relief and a little rising flush of excitement she went on much more rapidly. 10
"It is such a comfort to see them all looking so well. But I suppose one must have some cause of worry, and just now I am very unhappy about that nice girl, Gertrude Morley, whom you admired so much when you were here. The whole neighbourhood has been dominated this year 15 by a young Polish merchant named Sigismund Zaluski, who is very clever and musical, and knows well how to win popularity. He has taken Ivy Cottage for four months, and is, I fear, doing great mischief. The Mor- leys are his special friends, and I greatly fear he is 20 making love to Gertrude. Now I know privately, on the very best authority, that though he has so completely deceived every one and has managed so cleverly to pass himself off for a respectable man, that Mr. Zaluski is really a Nihilist, an atheist, and altogether a most un- 25 principled man. He is very clever, and speaks English most fluently, indeed he has lived in London since the spring of 1881 — he told me so himself. I cannot help fancying that he must have been concerned in the as- sassination of the late Czar, which you will remember 30 took place in that year early in March. It is terrible
24 Modern Englisli Writers II.
to think of the poor Morleys entering on such an un- desirable connection; but, at the same time, I really do not feel that I can say anything about it. Excuse this hurried note, dear Charlotte, and with love to yourself 5 and kindest remembrances to the Archdeacon, believe me, very aifectionately yours,
"Greorgina Milton-Cleave."
"P. S. It may perhaps be as well not to mention this affair about Gertrude Morley and Mr. Zaluski."
I had now grown to such enormous dimensions that
10 any one who had known me in my infancy would scarcely have recognised me, while naturally the more I grew the more powerful I became, and the more capable both of impressing the minds which received me and of injuring Zaluski. Poor Zaluski, who was so foolishly, thoughtlessly
15 happy ! He little di-eamed of the fate that awaited him ! His whole world was bright and full of promise; each hour of love seemed to improve him, to deepen his whole character, to tone down his rather flippant manner, to awaken for him new and hitherto unthought-of realities.
20 But while he basked in his new happiness, I travelled
in my close, stuffy envelope to Dulminster, and after having been tossed in and out of bags, shuffled, stamped, thumped, tied up, and generally shaken about, I arrived one morning at Dulminster Archdeaconry, and was laid
25 on the breakfast table among other appetising things to greet Mrs. Selldon when she came downstairs.
Autobiography of a Slander. 25
MY FIFTH STAGE.
"Also it is wise not to believe everything you hear, nor immediately to carry to the ears of others what you have either heard or believed." Thomas ä Kempis. 5
Thoiig-h I was read in silence at the breakfast table and not passed on to the Archdeacon, I lay dormant in Mrs. Selldon's mind all day, and came to her aid that night when she was at her wits' end for something to talk about. 10
Mrs. Selldon, though an estimable person, was of a phlegmatic temperament ; her mind was lazy, and in con- versation she was unutterably dull. There were times when she felt this, and would have given much for the ceaseless flow of words which fell from the lips of her 15 friend Mrs. Milton-Cleave. And that evening after my arrival chanced to be one of these occasions, for there was a dinner-party at the Archdeaconry, given in honour of a well-known author who was spending a few days in the neighbourhood. 20
"I wish you could have Mr. Shrewsbury at your end of the table, Thomas," Mrs. Selldon had remarked to her husband with a sigh, as she was arranging the guests on paper that afternoon.
"Oh, he must certainly take you in to dinner, my 25 dear," said the Archdeacon. "And he seems a very clever well-read man, I am sure you will find him easy to talk to."
Poor Mrs. Selldon thought that she would rather have had someone who was neither clever nor well-read. But there was no help for her, and, whether she would 30 or not, she had to go in to dinner with the literary lion.
26' Modern English Writers II.
Mr. Mark Shrewsbury was a novelist of great ability. Some years before he had been called to the bar, and, conscious of real talent, had been greatly embittered by the impossibility of getting on in his profession. At length
5 in disgust, he gave up all hopes of success and devoted himself to literature. In this field he won the recognition for which he craved; his books were read everywhere, his name became famous, his income steadily increased, and he had the pleasant consciousness that he had found
10 his vocation. Still, in spite of his success he could not forget the bitter years of failure and disappointment which had gone before, and though his novels were full of genius, they were pervaded by an undertone of sar- casm, so that people after reading them were more ready
15 than before to take cynical views of life.
He was one of those men whose quiet impassive faces reveal scarcely anything of their character. He was neither tall nor short, neither dark nor fair, neither hand- some nor the reverse; in fact his personality was not in
20 the least impressive ; while, like most true artists, he ob- served all things so quietly that you rarely discovered that he was observing at all.
"Dear me!" people would say, "is Mark Shrewsbury really here ? Which is he ? I don't see anyone at all like
25 my idea of a novelist."
"There he is — that man in spectacles," would be the reply. And really the spectacles were the only note- worthy thing about him.
Mrs. Selldon, who had seen several authors and 30 authoresses in her time, and knew that they were as a
Autobiog-rapliy of a Slander. 27
rule most ordinary, humdrum kind of people, was quite prepared for her fate. She remembered her astonishment as a girl when, having laughed and cried at the play, and taken the chief actor as her ideal hero, she had had him pointed out to her one day in Regent Street, and found 5 him to be a most commonplace looking man, the very last man one would have supposed capable of stirring the hearts of a great audience.
Meanwhile dinner progressed, and Mrs. Selldon talked to an empty-headed but loquacious man on her left, and 10 racked her brains for something to say to the alarmingly silent author on her right. She remembered hearing that Charles Dickens would often sit silent the whole of dinner, observing quietly those about him, but that at dessert he would suddenly come to life and keep the whole table in 15 roars of laughter. She feared that Mr. Strewsbury meant to imitate the great novelist in the first particular, but was scarcely likely to follow his example in the last. At length she asked him what he thought of the cathedral, and a few tepid remarks followed. 20
"How unutterably this good lady bores me !" thought the author.
"How odd it is that his characters talk so well in his books, and that he is such a stick!" thought Mrs. Selldon. 25
"I suppose it's the effect of cathedral-town atmos- phere," reflected the author.
"I suppose he is eaten up with conceit and won't trouble himself to talk to me," thought the hostess.
By the time the fish had been removed they had 30 arrived at a state of mutual contempt. Mindful of the
28 Modern English Vfriters II.
reputation they had to keep up, however, they exerted themselves a little more while the entrees went round. "Seldom reads, I should fancy, and never thinks!" reflected the author, glancing at Mrs. Selldon's placid 5 unintellectual face. "What on earth can I say to her?" "Very unpractical, I am sure," reflected Mrs. Selldon. "The sort of man who lives in a world of his own, and only lays down his pen to take up a book. What subject shall I start?" 10 "What delightful weather we have been having the last few days !" observed the author. "Eeal genuine sum- mer weather at last." The same remark had been tremb- ling on Mrs. Selldon's lips. She assented with great cheerfulness and alacrity ; and over that invaluable topic, 15 which is always so safe , and so congenial, and so ready to hand, they grew quite friendly, and the conversation, for fully five minutes was animated. An interval of thought followed. "How wearisome is society!" reflected Mrs. Selldon. 20 "It is hard that we must spend so much money in giving dinners and have so much trouble for so little enjoyment."
"One pays dearly for fame," reflected the author.
"AVhat a nuisance it is to waste all tliis time when there
25 are the last proofs of "What Caste ?" to be done for the
nine o'clock post to-morrow morning! Goodness knows
what time I shall get to bed to night!"
Then Mrs. Selldon thought regretfully of the com- fortable easy-chair that she usually enjoyed after dinner m and the ten minutes' nap, and the congenial needlework And Mark Shrewsbury thought of his chambers in Pump
Autobiography of a Slander. 29
Court, and longed for his type- writer, and his books, and his swivel chair, and his favourite meerchaum.
"I should be less afraid to talk if there were not always the horrible idea that he may take down what one says," thought Mrs. Selldon. 5
"I should be less bored if she would only be her natural self," reflected the author, „and would not talk prim platitudes." (This was hard for he had talked nothing else himself.) "Does she think she is so interesting that I am likely to study her for my next book?" 10
"Have you been abroad this summer ?" inquired Mrs. Selldon, making another spasmodic attempt at conver- sation.
"No, I detest travelling," replied Mark Shrewsbury. "When I need change I just settle down in some quiet 15 country district for a few months — somewhere near Windsor, or Reigate or Muddleton. There is nothing to my mind like English scenery."
"Oh, do you know Muddleton?" exclaimed Mrs. Sell- don. "Is it not a charming little place ? I often stay in 20 the neighbourhood with the Milton-Cleaves."
"I know Milton-Cleave well," said the author. "A capital fellow, quite the typical country gentleman."
"Is he not?" said Mrs. Selldon, much relieved to have found this subject in common. "His wife is a great 25 friend of mine; she is full of life and energy, and does an immense amount of good. Did you say you had stayed with them?"
"No, but last year I took a house in that neighbour- hood for a few months; a most charming little place it 30
30 Modern Eng-lish Writers II.
was, just fit for a lonely bachelor. I daresay you re- member it — Ivy Cottage, on the Newton Eoad."
''Did you stay there? Now what a curious coinci- dence ! Only this morning I heard from Mrs. Milton-Cleave
5 that Ivy Cottage had been taken this summer by a Mr. Sigismund Zaluski, a Polish merchant, who is doing untold harm in the neighbourhood. He is a very clever, unscrupulous man, and has managed to take in almost every one."
10 "Why, what is he? A swindler? Or a burglar in
disguise?" asked the author, with a little twinkle of amusement in his face.
"Oh, much worse than that," said Mrs. Selldon, lowering her voice." I assure you, Mr. Shrewsbury, you
15 would hardly credit the story if I were to tell it you, it is really stranger than fiction."
Mark Shrewsbury pricked up his ears, he no longer felt bored, he began to think that, after all, there might be some compensation for this wearisome dinner-party.
20 He was always glad to seize upon material for future plots, and somehow the notion of a mysterious Pole sud- denly making his appearance in that quiet country neigh- bourhood and winning undeserved popularity rather took his fancy. He thought he might make something of it.
25 However, he knew human nature too well to ask a direct question.
•'I am sorry to hear that," he said, becoming all at once quite sympathetic and approachable. "I don't like the thought of those simple, unsophisticated people being
30 hoodwinked by a scoundrel."
"No ; is it not sad ?" said Mrs. Selldon. "Such pleas-
AutobiogTaphy of a Slander. 31
ant, hospitable people as they are! Do you remember the Morleys?"
"Oh, yes! There was a pretty daughter who played tennis well."
"Quite so — Gertrude Morley. Well, would you 5 believe it, this miserable fortune-hunter is actually either engaged to her or on the eve of being engaged ! Poor Mrs. Milton-Cleave is so unhappy about it, for she knows, on the best authority, that Mr. Zaluski is unfit to enter a respectable house." 10
"Perhaps he is really some escaped criminal?" sug- sgested Mr. Shrewsbury tentatively.
Mrs. Selldon hesitated. Then, under cover of the general roar of conversation, she said in a low voice —
"You have guessed quite rightly. He is one of the 15 Nihilists who were concerned in the assassination of the late Czar."
"You don't say so!" exclaimed Mark Shrewsbury, much startled. "Is it possible?"
"Indeed, it is only too true," said Mrs. Selldon. 20
"I heard it only the other morning, and on the very best authority. Poor Gertrude Morley! My heart bleeds for her."
Now I can't help observing here that this must have been the merest figure of speech, for just then there was 25 a comfortable little glow of satisfaction about Mrs. Selldon's heart. She was so delighted to have "got on well", as she expressed it, with the literary lion, and by this time dessert was on the table, and soon the tedious cere- mony would be happily over. 30
32 Modern Engiisli Writers II.
"But how did he escape?" asked Mark Shrewsbury, still with the thought of "copy" in his mind.
"I don't know the details," said Mrs. Selldon.
"Probably they are only known to himself. But he
5 managed to escape somehow in the month of March 1881,
and to reach England in safety. I fear it is only too
often the case in this world — wickedness is apt to be
successful."
"To flourish like a green bay tree," said Mark 10 Shrewsbury, congratulating himself on the aptness of the quotation, and its suitableness to the Archidiaconal dinner- table.
"It is the strangest story I have heard for a long
time." Just then there was a pause in the general con-
15 versation, and Mrs. Selldon took advantage of it to make
the sign for rising, so that no more passed with regard
to Zaluski.
Shrewsbury, flattering himself that he had left a good impression by his last remark, thought better not 20 to efface it later in the evening by any other conversation with his hostess. But in the small hours of the night when he had finished his bundle of proofs, he took up his note-book and, strangling his yawns, made two or three brief, pithy notes of the story Mrs. Selldon had 25 told him, adding a further development which occurred to him, and wondering to himself whether "Like a Grreen Bay Tree" would be a selling title.
After this he went to bed, and slept the sleep of the just, or the unbroken sleep that goes by that name.
Autobiography of a Slander. 33
MY SIXTH STAGE.
"But whispering- tongues can poison truth." Coleridge.
London in early September is a somewhat trying place. Mark Shrewsbury found it less pleasing in reality than it had appeared in his visions during the dinner- 5 party at Dulminster. True, his chambers were as com- fortable, and his type-writer as invaluable a machine as ever, and his novel was drawing to a successful conclusion ; but though all these things should have tended to cheer him, he was nevertheless depressed. Town was dull, the 10 heat trying, and he had never in his life found it so difficult to settle down to work. He began to agree with the Preacher, that "of making many books there is no end," and that in spite of his „Remington's perfected No. 2", novel-writing was a weariness to the flesh. Soon 15 he drifted into a sort of vague idleness, which was not a good honest holiday, but a lazy waste of time and brains. I was pleased to observe this and was not slow to take advantage of it. Had he stayed in Pump Court he night have forgotten me altogether in his work, but 20 in the soft luxury of his club life I found I had a very good chance of being passed on to someone else.
One hot afternoon, on waking from a comfortable nap in the depths of an arm-chair at the club, Shrews- bury was greeted by one of his friends. 25
"I thought you were in Switzerland, old fellow !" he exclaimed, yawning and stretching himself.
"Came back yesterday — awfully bad season — II. 3
34 Modern English Writers II.
confoundedly dull," returned the other. "Where have you been?"
"Down with Warren near Dulminster. Deathly dull hole."
5 "Do for your next novel, eh?" said the other with
a laugh.
Mark Shrewsbury smiled good-naturedly. "Talking of novels," he observed, with another yawn^. "I heard such a story down there!"
10 "Did you ? Let's hear it. A nice little scandal would do instead of a pick-me-up."
"It's not a scandal. Don't raise 3^our expectations. It's the story of a successful scoundrel." And then I came out again in full vigour — nay, with vastly increased
15 powers; for though Mark Shrewsbury did not add very much to m.e, or alter my appearance, yet his graphic words made me much more impressive than I had been under the management of Mrs. Selldon. "H'm! that's a queer story," said the limp-looking young gentleman
20 from Switzerland. "I say, have a game of billiards^ will you?"
Shrewsbury, with a prodigious yawn, dragged him- self up out of his chair, and the two went olf to their game together. As they left the room the only other
25 man who was present, looked up from his newspaper, following the two young men with his eyes.
"Shrewsbury the novelist," he thought to himself. "A sterling fellow ! And he heard it from an Archdeacon's wife. The thing must be true then. I'll write and make
30 full inquiries about Zaluski before consenting to the engagement."
Aiitobiog-rapliy of a Slander. 35
And, being- a prompt, business-like man, Gertrude Morley's uncle sat down and wrote the following letter to a Russian friend of his who lived at St. Petersburg, and who might very likely be able to give some account of Zaluski: — 5
"Dear Leonoff, — Some queer stories are afloat about a young Polish merchant by name Sigismund Zaluski, the head of the London branch of the firm of Zaluski and Zernoff, at St. Petersburg. Will you kindly make inquiries for me as to his true character and history? 10 I would not trouble you with this affair, but the fact is that Zaluski has made an offer of marriage to one of my wards, and before consenting to any betrothal I must know what sort of man he really is. I take it for grant- ed that 'there is no smoke without fire', and that there 15 must be something in the very strange tale I have just heard on the best authority. It is said that this Sigis- mund Zaluski left St. Petersburg in March 1881, after the assassination of the late Czar, in which he was se- riously compromised. He is said to be an out-and-out 20 Nihilist, an atheist, and, in short, a dangerous, disreput- able fellow. Will you sift the matter for me? I don't wish to dismiss the fellow without good reason, but of course I could not think of permitting him to be engaged to my niece until these charges are entii^ely disproved. 25
With kind remembrances to your father, I am, yours faithfully,
Henry Crichton-Morley."
3*
36 Modern English Writers II,
MY SEVENTH STAGE.
"Yet on the dull silence breaking- With a lightening flash, a word, Bearing endless desolation 5 On its blighting wings, I heard ;
Earth can forge no keener weapon, Dealing surer death and pain, And the cruel echo answered Through long years again."
10 A. A. Proctor.
Curiously enough, I must have started for Eussia on the same day that Sigismund Zaluski was summoned by his uncle at St. Petersburg to return on a matter of urgent business. I learnt afterwards that the telegram
15 arrived at Muddleton on the afternoon of one of those sunny September days and found Zaluski as usual at the Morleys'. He was very much annoyed at being call- ed away before he had received any reply from Ger- trude's uncle as to the engagement. However, after a
20 little ebullition of anger, he regained his usual philoso- phic tone, and, reminding Gertrude that he need not be away more than a fortnight, he took leave of her and set off in a prompt, manly fashion, leaving most of his belongings at Ivy Cottage, which was his for another
25 six weeks, and to which he hoped soon to return.
After a weary time of imprisonment in my envelope, I at length reached my destination at St. Petersburg and was read by Dmitry Leonoff. He was a very busy man and by the same post received dozens of other
30 letters. He merely muttered — "That well-known firm."
Autobiography of a Slander. 37
A most unlikely story!" and then thrust me into a drawer with other letters that had tobe answered. Very probably I escaped his memory altogether for the next few days: however, there I was — a startling accusation in black and white ; and, as everybody knows, St. Petersburg 5 is not London.
The Leonoff family lived on the third story of a large block of buildings in the Sergeffskaia. About two o'clock in the morning, on the third day after my arrival, the whole household was roused from sleep by thundering 10 raps on the door, and the dreaded cry of "Open to the police".
The unlucky master was forced to allow himself, his wife, and his children to be made prisoners, while every corner of the house was searched, every book and paper 15 examined. Leonoff had nothing whatever to do with the revolutionary movement; this search in his house was a misunderstanding, and in the dominions of the Czar mis- understandings are of frequent occurrence.
Leonoff knew himself to be innocent, and he felt no 20 fear, though considerable annoyance, while the search was prosecuted; he could hardly believe the evidence of his senses when, without a word of explanation, he was informed that he must take leave of his wife and children, and go in charge of the police to the House 25 of Preventive Detention.
Being a sensible man, he hept his temper, remarked courteously that some mistake must have been made, embraced his weeping wife, and went off passively, while the pristav carried away a bundle of letters in which I 30 occupied the most prominent place.
38 Modern English Writers II.
Leonoff remained a prisoner only for a few days, there was not a shred of evidence against him, and, having- suffered great anxiety, he was finally released. But Mr. Crichton-Morley's letter was never restored 5 to him, it remained in the hands of the authorities, and the night after Leonoff's arrest the pristav, the pro- curator, and the policemen made their way into the dwell- ing of Sigismund Zaluski's uncle, where a similar search was prosecuted. 10 Sigismund was asleep and dreaming of Gertrude and of his idyllic summer in England, when his bedroom door was forced open and he was roughly roused by the police.
His first feeling was one of amazement, his second
15 one of indignation; however, he was obliged to get up
at once and dress, the policeman rigorously keeping
guard over him the whole time for fear he should destroy
any treasonable document.
"How I shall make them laugh in England when I
20 tell them of this ridiculous affair!" reflected Sigismund,
as he was solemnly marched into the adjoining room,
where he found his uncle and cousins, each guarded by
a policeman.
He made some jesting remark, but was promptly 25 reprimanded by his gaoler, and in wearisome silence the household waited while the most rigorous search of the premises was made.
Of course nothing was found; but, to the amaze- ment of all, Sigismund was formally arrested. 30 "There must be some mistake," he exclaimed. "I
Autobiography of a Slander. 39
have been resident in England for some time. I have no connection whatever with Russian politics."
"Oh, we are well aware of your residence in Eng- land," said the pristav. "You left St. Petersburg early in March 1881. We are well aware of that." 5
Something in the man's tone made Sigismund's heart stand still. Could he possibly be suspected of complicity in the plot to assassinate the late Czar? The idea would have made him laugh had he been in England. In St. Petersburg, and under these circumstances, it made him 10 tremble.
"There is some terrible mistake," he said. "I have never had the slightest connection with the revolutionarj^ party."
The pristav shrugged his shoulders, and Sigismund, 15 feeling like one in a dream, took leave of his relations, and was escorted at once to the House of Preventive Detention.
Arrived at his destination, he was examined in a brief, unsatisfactory way; but when he angrily asked 20 for the evidence on which he had been arrested, he was merely told that information had been received charging him with being concerned in the assassination of the late Emperor, and of being an advanced member of the Nihilist party. His vehement denials were received with scornful 25 incredulity; his departure for England just after the assassination, and his prolonged absence from Eussia, of course gave colour to the accusation, and he was ordered off to his cell "to reflect."
40 Modern English Writers II.
MY TRIUMPHANT FINALE.
"Words are mighty, words are living; Serpents with their venomous stings Or bright angels crowding round us, 5 With heaven's light upon their wings;
Every word has its own spirit, True or false, that never dies; Every word man's lips have uttered Echoes in God's skies." A. A. Proctor.
10 My labours were now nearly at an end, and being-, so to speak, oif duty, I could occupy myself just as I pleased. I therefore resolved to keep watch over Zaluski in his prison.
For the first few hours after his arrest he was in
10 a violent passion; he paced up and down his tiny cell like a lion in his cage; he was beside himself with in- dignation, and the blood leapt through his veins like wildfire.
Then he became a little ashamed of himself and tried
20 to grow quiet, and after a sleepless night he passed to
the other extreme and sat all day long on the solitary
stool in his grim abode, his head resting on his hands,
and his mind a prey to the most fearful melancholy.
The second night, however, he slept, and awoke with
25 a steady resolve in his mind.
"It will not do to give way like this, or I shall be in a brain fever in no time," he reflected. „I will get leave to have books and writing materials. I will make the best of a bad business."
30 He remembered how pleased he had been when
Autobiograpliy of a Slander. 41
Gertrude had once smiled on him because, when all the others in the party were grumbling at the discomforts of a certain picnic where the provisions had gone astray, he had gaily made the best of it and ransacked the near- est cottages for bread and cheese. 5
He set to work bravely now; hoped daily for his release; read all the books he was allowed to receive, invented solitary games, began a novel, and drew cari- catures.
In October he was again examined; but, having 10 nothing to reveal , it was inevitable that he could reveal nothing; and he was again sent back to his cell to "reflect".
I perceived that after this his heart began to^fail him.
There existed in the House of Preventive Detention 15 a system of communication between the luckless prisoners carried on by means of tapping on the wall. Sigismund. being a clever fellow, had become a great adept at this telegraphic system, and had struck up a friendship with a student in the next cell; this poor fellow had been 20 imprisoned three years, his sole offence being that he had in his possession^ a book of which the Government did not approve, and that he was first cousin to a Nihilist who was well-known.
The two became as devoted to each other as Silvio 25 Pellico and Count Oroboni; but it soon became evident to Valerian Vasilowitch that, unless Zaluski was released, he would soon succumb to the terrible restrictions of prison life.
"Keep up your heart, my friend," he used to say. 30
42 Modern Engiish Writers II.
"I liave borne it for three j^ears, and am still alive to tell the tale."
"But you are stronger both in body and in mind," said Sigismund; "and yon are not separated from one 5 you love dearly as I am."
And then he would pour forth a rhapsody about
Gertrude, and about English life, and about his hopes
and fears for the future; to all of which Valerian, like
the brave fellow he was, replied with words of encour-
10 agement.
But at length there came a day when his friend made no answer to his usual morning greeting.
"Are you ill?" he asked.
For some time there was no reply, but after a 15 while Sigismund rapped faintly the despairing words —
"Dead beat!"
Valerian felt the tears start to his eyes. It was what he had all along expected, and for a time grief and indignation and his miserable helplessness made him 20 almost beside himself. At last he remembered that there was at least one thing in his power. Each day he was escorted by a gaoler to a tiny square, walled off in the exercising ground, and was allowed to walk for a few minutes; he would take this opportunity of begging the 25 warder to get the doctor for his friend.
But unfortunately the doctor did not think very seriously of Zaluski's case. In that dreary prison he had patients in the last stages of all kinds of disease, and Sigismund, who had been in confinement too short a 30 time to look as ill as the others, did not receive much attention. Certainly, the doctor admitted his lungs were
Autobiogi'aphy of a Slander. 43
affected ; probably the sudden change of climate and the lack of good food and fresh air had been too much for him; so the solemn farce ended and he was left to his fate.
"If I were indeed a Nihilist, and suffered for a 5 cause which I had at heart," he telegraphed to Valerian, "I could bear it better. But to be kept here for an imaginary offence, to bear cold and hunger and illness all to no purpose — that beats me.
Then when Sigismund seemed to be losing hold of 10 his faith in God, Valerian would declare that they were the \dctims of violated law. Others had shown tyrann}-, or injustice, or cruelty, and they were the victims of those sins. But God would avenge the wrong.
So they spoke to each other through their prison 15 wall as men in the free outer world seldom care to speak; and I, who knew no barriers, looked now on Valerian's gaunt figure, and brave but prematurely old face, now on poor Zaluski, who, in his weary imprison- ment, had wasted away till one could scarcely believe 20 that he was indeed the same lithe, active fellow who had played tennis at Mrs. Courtenay's garden-party.
Day and night Valerian listened to the terrible cough that came from the adjoining cell. It became per- fectly apparent to him that his friend was dying; he 25 knew it as well as if he had seen the burning hectic flush on his hollow cheeks, and heard the panting, hur- ried breaths, and watched the unnatural brilliancy of his dark eyes.
At length he thought the time had come for another 30 kind of comfort.
44 Modem English Writers 11.
"My friend," he said one day, "it is too plain to me now that you are dying. Write to the procurator and tell him so. In some cases men have been allowed to go home to die." 5 A wild hope seized on poor Sigismund ; he sat down to the little table in his cell and wrote a letter to the procurator — a letter that might almost have drawn tears from a flint. Again and again he passionately asserted his innocence, and begged to know on what
10 evidence he was imprisoned. He began to think that he could die content if he might leave this terrible cell, if only for a few days. At least he might in that case clear his character, and convince Gertrude that his im- prisonment had been all a hideous mistake; nay, he
15 fancied he might live through a journey to England and see her once again.
But the procurator would not let him be set free and refused to believe that his case was a serious one. Sigismund's last hope left him.
20 Days and weeks dragged slowly on, and when, according to English reckoning, New Year's Eve arrived, he could scarcely believe that only seventeen weeks ago he had been with Gertrude, and that disgrace and im- prisonment had seemed things that could never come
25 near him, and death had been a far-away possibility, and life had been full of bliss.
As I watched him a strong desire seized me to revisit the scenes of which he was thinking, and I winged my way back to England, and soon found myself
30 in the drowsy, respectable streets of Muddleton.
It was New Year's Eve, and I saw Mrs. O'Reilly
Autobiography of a Slander. 45
preparing presents for her grandchildren, and talking, as she tied them up, of that dreadful Nihilist, who had deceived them in the summer.
I saw Lena Houghton, and Mr. Blackthorne, and Mrs. Milton-Cleave, kneeling in church on that Friday 5 morning, praying that pity might be shown "upon all prisoners and captives, and all that are desolate or oppressed".
It never occurred to them that they were respon- sible for the sufferings of one weary prisoner, or that his 10 death would be laid at their door.
I flew to Dulminster, and saw Mrs. Selldon kneeling in the cathedral at the late evening service and rigor- ously examining herself as to the shortcomings of the year now dying. She confessed many things to herself in 15 a vague, untroubled way; but had any one told her she had cruelly wronged her neighbour, and helped to bring an innocent man to shame, and prison, and death, she would not have believed the accusation.
I sought out Mark Shrewsbury. He was at his 20 Chambers in Pump Court working away with his type- writer; he had a fancy for working the old year out and the new year in, and now he was in the full swing of that novel which had suggested itself to his mind when Mrs. Selldon described the rich and mysterious 25 foreigner who had settled at Ivy Cottage. Most happily he laboured on, never dreaming that his careless words had doomed a fellow-man to a painful and lingering death ; never dreaming that while his fingers flew to and fro over his dainty little keyboard, describing the clever 30 doings of the unscrupulous foreigner, another man, the
46 Modern English Writers II.
victim of his idle gossip, tapped dying messages on a dreary prison wall.
For tiie end had come.
Through the evening Sigismund rested wearily on 5 his truckle-bed. He could not lie down because of his cough, and, since there were no extra pillows to prop him up, he had to rest his head and shoulders against the wall. There was a gas-burner in the tiny cell, and by its light he looked round the bare walls of his prison
10 with a blank, hopeless, yet wistful gaze; there was the stool, there was the table, there were the clothes he would never wear again, there was the door through which his lifeless body would soon be carried. He looked at everything lingeringly, for he knew that this desolate
15 prison was the last bit of the world he should ever see.
Presently the gas was turned out. He sighed as
he felt the darkness close in upon him, for he knew that
his eyes would never again see light in this world —
knew that in this dark lonely cell he must lie and wait
20 for death. And he was young and wished to live, and he longed most terribly for the presence of the woman he loved.
The awful desolateness of the cell was more than he could endure; he tried to think of his past life, he
25 tried to live once again through those happy weeks with Gertrude ; but he always came back to the aching misery of the present — the cold and the pain, and the dark- ness and the terrible solitude.
His nerveless fingers felt their way to the wall and
30 faintly rapped a summons.
AutobiogTaphy of a Slander. 47
"Valerian!" he said, "I shall not live through the night. Watch with me."
The faint raps sounded clearly in the stillness of the great building, and Valerian dreaded lest the warders should hear them, and deal out punishment for an 5 offence which by day they were forced to wink at.
But he would not for the world have deserted his friend. He drew his stool close to the wall, wrapped himself in all the clothes he could muster, and, shiver- ing with cold, kept watch through the long winter 10 night.
"I am near you," he telegraphed. "I will watch with you till morning."
From time to time Sigismund rapped faint messages, and Valerian replied with comfort and sympathy. Once 15 he thought to himself, "My friend is better; there is more power in his hand." And indeed he trembled, fear- ing that the sharp emphatic knocks must certainly attract attention and put an end to their communion.
"Tell my love that the accusation was false — false !" 20 the word was vehemently repeated. "Tell her I died broken-hearted, loving her to the end."
"I will tell her all when I am free," said poor Valerian, wondering with a sigh when his unjust imprisonment would end. "Do you suffer much?" he 25 asked.
There was a brief interval. Sigismund hesitated to tell a falsehood in his last extremity.
"It will soon be over. Do not be troubled for me" he replied. And after that there was a long, long 30 silence.
48 Modem English "Writers 11.
Poor fellow! he died hard; and I wished that those comfortable English people could have been dragged from their beds and brought into the cold dreary cell where their victim lay, fighting for breath, suffering cruelly 5 both in body and mind. Valerian, listening in sad suspense, heard one more faint word rapped by the dying man.
"Farewell!"
"God be with you!" he replied, unable to check the 10 tears which rained down as he thought of the life so sadly ended, and of his own bereavement.
He heard no more. Sigismund's strength failed him, and I, to whom the darkness made no difference, watched him through the last dread struggle; there was no one 15 to raise him, or hold him, no one to comfort him. Alone in the cold and darkness of that first morning of the year 1887, he died.
Valerian did not hear through the wall his last faint gasping cry, but I heard it, and its exceeding bitterness 20 would have made mortals weep.
"Gertrude!" he sobbed. "Gertrude!"
And with that his head sank on his breast, and the life that, but tor me, might have been so happy and prosperous, was ended.
25
Prompted by curiosity, I instantly returned to Muddleton
and sought out Gertrude Morley. I stole into her room.
She lay asleep, but her dreams were troubled, and her 30 face, once so fresh and bright, was worn with pain
and anxiety.
Autobiography of a Slander. 49
Scarcely had. I entered the room when the sleeping- girl threw up both her arms with a bitter cry, and awoke from her dream.
"Sigismund!" she cried. "Oh, Sigismund! Now I know that you are dead indeed." 5
For a long, long time she lay in a sort of trance of misery. It seemed as if the life had almost been crush- ed out of her, and it was not until the bells began to ring for the six o'clock service, merrily pealing out their welcome of the new year morning, that full con- 10 sciousness returned to her again. But, as she clearly realised what had happened, she broke into such a pas- sion of tears as I never before witnessed, while still in the darkness of the new year bells rang gaily, and she knew that they heralded for her the beginning of a lonely life. 15
And so my work ended ; my part in this world was played out. Nevertheless I still live ; and there will come a day when Sigismund and Gertrude shall be comforted and the slanderers punished.
For poor Valerian was right, and there is an Aven- 20 ger whose just laws cannot be transgressed with impu- nity, and before whom evil-doers tremble. There will come a time when those self-satisfied ones, whose hands are all the time steeped in blood, shall be confronted with me, and shall realize to the full all that their idle 25 words have brought about. When Mrs. O'Reilly and the rest of the people to whom I owe my existence and rapid growth shall be overwhelmed with shame, horror, and remorse. And afterwards I shall be destroyed in the general destruction of all that is evil. 30
The End.
n 4
Abraham Lincoln.
Introduction,
Government of the United States of North America.
The fundamental principle of tlie Constitution of the United States of North America is the recognition of the 5 equal rights of all men, without distinction of rank or class. Its form preserves the independent rights and privileges of each separate State, each having its own Statutes and Government for all internal affairs, and provides for the representation of the States in Congress
10 or Parliament, the central government, by which all matters affecting the general interests of all are decided, and all general laws enacted. Congress consists of the House of Eepresentatives (or Lower House) and the Senate (or Upper House). Each State sends two Senators
15 who are chosen by their own government for a period of five years. The President of the Senate is Vice-Presi- dent of the Union. The House of Representatives con- sists of three hundred and twenty-five members who are chosen by their own States for two years. The Senate
20 constitutes the Upper House by which the laws and Regulations passed in the House of Representatives must be accepted and ratified before they can come into force. When a bill (Gesetzentwurf) has been accepted and passed by both Houses it is sent to the President of the Union
25 who may agree to it, in which case it becomes law at once, or may send it back with a statement of his ob- jections or proposals of alterations for reconsideration. If, however, after a second debate, it is confirmed by the votes of two thirds of both Houses, it becomes law, and
Abraham Lincoln. 51
cannot be vetoed by the President. The President is elected by ballot by the citizens of the different States belonging to the Union. He holds his office for four years but at the expiration of that time may be re-elected 5 for a further four years. The President of the United States is Commander-in-Chief of the army, High Admiral of the Navy, Chief Magistrate of the Union, represents the Union in all negociations with foreign countries and enjoys a number of other powers and privileges. His official residence is the White House 10 (built of marble) at Washington, and he is surrounded by a pomp and splendour equal to that of kings.
CIVIL WAR BETWEEN THE NOETHERN AND
SOUTHERN STATES FOR THE ABOLITION OF
SLAVERY.
The Union, on its first formation, was forced to 5 tolerate slavery in the Southern States , though under protest.
After the Peace of Versailles 1883 had ratified the Independence of the United States of America, freeing that country from all interference on the part of Eng-
10 land, the Northern States began rapidly to increase in population and in commercial prosperity. Education ad- vanced and the learned professions were cultivated; and besides these elements of a well-to-do middle class a large and intelligent class of artisans and working men
15 began to strive for equal political rights. In the South- ern States, on the other hand, nothing increased but the number of slaves. The population consisted of the rich planters, owning large estates and numerous slaves, and a few poor and insignificant citizens. The respect-
20 able and thriving middle-class, that gives solidity to a state, was wanting. The South, therefore, whose influ- ence had hitherto been paramount in Congress, watched with anxiety the extraordinary developement and exten- sion of the Northern or Anti-Slavery States, seeing her
25 preponderance in the Councils of the Government threat-
Abraham Lincoln. 53
ened by the increasing number of anti-slavery Represen- tatives. In 1820 of the 325 Representatives only 90 be- longed to the south. The Southern States therefore en- deavored to procure the admission of more slavery states to the Union and this purpose was violently opposed by ö the North. In 1820 Congress decreed that slavery should be permitted only south of 36*^ 30' north latitude. The struggle continued with more or less vehemence, now one party now the other gaining the upperhand, and the choice of the President giving on each occasion 10 the signal for a trial of strength; but it was not until the election of Abraham Lincoln — that most uncompro- mising opponent of slavery — to the Presidency that warlike hostitities broke out. His election gave the Southern States, embittered by their defeat, an incen- 15 tive to declare their secession from the Union. In the speech with which Lincoln entered on his Presidency he refused to recognise their right to secede and tried to pacify them, but in vain. In Dec. 1860 the following States seceded: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Ala- 20 bama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, and lastly North Carolina. These States called a Congress of their own and formed a so- called Federation, to which they gave a new constitution, with slavery as its corner- stone, and chose Jefferson Davis as President of the 25 Federation of Southern States.
Lincoln's earnest efforts to effect a reconciliation were unsuccessful, and the taking of Fort Sumter by the rebels began the Civil War, 12th April 1861.
The Southern States, now called Federals, were led 30 by a highly cultivated aristocracy, schooled in states-
54 Modern Eng-lisli Writers II.
mansMp. They possessed the best officers in army and navy, among- whom the names of Lee and Jackson, called Stonewall Jackson, have become especially famous. They had also command of the materials of war, for the 5 Minister of War, Floyd, had in 1860 sent all the cannon and arms to the southern arsenals; so that at the be- ginning of the war the Federals had a decided ad- vantage. In April Lincoln published his first appeal for 75 000 volunteers ; it was answered with alacrity, but the
10 troops were unpractised and undisciplined, their arms were defective and the commissariat disorganized. At first the North (or Union) suffered several reverses, but gradually their prospects improved. In 1862 Generals Thomas and Grant succeeded in snatching the States of
15 Kentucky and Tennessee from the rebels, and advanced down the Mississippi River. The struggle became con- centrated round Vicksburg, which was held by the Federals and besieged by General Grant by whom it was taken after a long siege July 4. 1863. By this
20 means the important river and its vicinity was gained for the North. Some successes had meantime been gained by the Federals in Virginia, but these were destroyed by the battle of Gettysburg, the most sanguin- ary battle of the whole war, in which General Meade
25 gained a decisive victory over the Southern States. This victory and the taking of Vicksburg, w^hich happened almost simultaneously, turned the tide of war decidedly in favour of the North. The South began to show signs of exhaustion in men and money, while the
30 inexhaustible resources of the Northern States enabled them to retrieve every loss. In 1862 Lincoln had
Abraham Lincoln. 55
issued a proclamation declaring all the slaves in the Southern States Free. Having proclaimed the Abolition of Slavery and the consolidation of the Union as the object of the war, he prosecuted the struggle with un- daunted courage and the utmost determination and 5 energy, supported by the enthusiastic affection of his people, who saw personified in him those qualities of which it is most proud.
Lincoln was re-elected President in 1864 with a brilliant majority over the candidate of the Reconciliation 10 Party, M^ Clellan. Thus the final result of the war became certain, although the complete subjection of the Federal army was not yet accomplished. General Lee continued to fight for the South with undiminished bravery and perseverance, and with varying success, 15 until at last the northern troops succeeded in surround- ing him with his army of 60000 men near Goldsboro'. There on the 9. of April this brave and undaunted soldier laid down his arms before General Grant at Appomatox- Court-House, and in the same month Johnston, with the 20 rest of the Federal troops surrendered to General Sherman at ßaleigh.
Thus the Civil War came to an end after four years' duration. It had cost 500000 human lives and left the Union with a debt of three thousand millions 25 of dollars, but the Union was not only preserved but strengthened by this war, for the cause of dissension, slavery, was removed. Lincoln's extraordinary power of inspiring the nation with his own enthusiasm, in- trepity, and unconquerable perseverance ensured the at- 3a tainment of his noble purpose, the Abolition of Slavery.
56 Modern Eng-lish Writers II.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN: Fakmer"s Boy and President.
"The Mart}^^ President," as Abraham Liiicohi is designated in the United States , furnishes one of the 5 most astonishing examples of native genius to be met with in history. What Shakespeare is in literature Lin- coln is in the sphere of action. Both were men of ori- ginal power, and both rose out of obscurity, though the statesman received the world's recognition earlier than
10 the poet.
Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States, was the son of pioneers, and his early experience was that of a farmer's boy living in Kentucky, which was then on the border land of ci^41ised countries. His father,
15 a rough, good-natured man, could neither read nor write, but his mother appears to have been a woman of a high- er type. Dr. J. Gr. Holland says of her that '"she was a slender, pale, sad, and sensitive woman, with much in her nature that was truly heroic, and much that shrank
20 from the rude life around her. Her understanding was considered something wonderful by her family, and she was a brave, sensible, and devout Christian woman." It is curious that the exact birth-place of her famous son is not known. When he was chosen for the Presidency,
25 he was approached on the subject of his birth-place , as the people naturally desired to have a picture of the little log cabin. Lincoln took a book and pencil, and for a moment a melancholy shadow settled on his rugged features, while his eyes had an inexpressible sadness in
Abraliam Lincoln. 57
them, and a far-away look, as if they were searching for something seen long, long years ago. Then he wrote : "I was born February 12th, 1809, in then Hardin County, Kentucky, at a point within the now recently-formed County of Larin, a mile or a mile-and-a-half from where 5 Hodginsville now is. My parents being dead, and my own memory not serving, I know no means of identifying the precise locality. It was in Nolin Creek." The family afterwards moved to a fertile and picturesque spot on Knob Creek. Here all the books that the Lincoln shanty 10 could boast were the Bible, the Catechism, and a copy of Dillworth's spelling book. These Abraham made good use of, so that in later life there were few men who had a greater command of the Scriptures than he; and his speeches had much of the Anglo-Saxon simplicity, terse- 15 ness, and vigour so nobly characteristic of the English Bible.
Education in the wilds of Kentucky was not of a brilliant character. It would have astonished even the poor of the mother country before they enjoyed the pri- 20 vileges of the present school system. It frequently be- gan with a little reading, and ended there; "figures" or arithmetic, being an unknown quantity. Young Lincoln received but the merest outline of an education. He was more precocious than most children of his age, however, 25 and his friends did all that was possible to take advan- tage of this fact. He made quick progress in reading, but acquired the art of penmanship under great difficul- ties. As books were very scarce, he thoroughly digested the few he could obtain ; and notably among these were 30 Aesop's Fables and the Pilgrim's Progress, to which were
58 Modern Eugiisli Writers II.
afterwards added a Life of Washington and BoUnson Crusoe. The second and fourtli became great favourites with him. In 1816 the Lincolns sold their old home and moved into Indiana, where Ahraham began in ear- 5 nest the life of a pioneer boy, becoming very skilful in the use of the axe. He and his father erected a wood cabin, sixteen feet by eight. The boy "practised pen- manship with a charred stick on the bark of trees and on slabs. In the winter he wrote his name in the snow
10 with a stick; and in the summer he wrote it on the ground in the garden." It seems incredible now, that the Chief Magristate of a mighty Eepublic could have risen from such surroundings. It took nine years for anj' thing like a village to spring up in the neighbourhood.
15 The first great sorrow came to young Lincoln in the autumn of 1818, when his mother died from a fearful visitation called "the milk disease," which had already carried off two friends and relatives named Sparrow. This was an irreparable loss; for Mrs. Lincoln had in-
20 structed her son in the paths of virtue, and had taught him to be a total abstainer before the Temperance move- ment had been heard of. Thomas Lincoln constructed with his own hands a rough coffin for his wife, and, with a few friends standing round, she was laid to rest under
25 a grassy knoll. Abraham was now thrown more into the companionship of his cousin, Dennis Hanks, a youth about his own age. Mr. Lincoln desired a funeral sermon to be preached over his wife, so he got his son to indite a letter to an old friend, one Parson Elkins, an earnest
30 and God-fearing man. It was a memorable event, the writing of this letter, and Mr. Thayer, in his Life of
Abraham Lincoln, 59
the President, states that never before had there been a member of the family who could perform such a feat. The following conversation ensued between father and son : —
"See how much it is worth to be able to write," 5 said Lincoln, as Abraham finished reading* the letter. "It's worth ten times as much as it cost to be able to write only that one letter."
"It ain't much work to learn to write," said Abra- ham; "I'd work as hard again for it before I'd give 10 it up."
"You'd have to give it up if you was knocked about as I was when a boy."
"I know that."
"You don't know it as I do; and I hope you never 15 will. But it's worth more than the best farm to know how to write a letter as well as that."
"I shall write one better than that yet," said Abra- ham. „But how long will it take for the letter to go to Parson Elkins?" 20
"That's more than I can tell; but it will go there some time, and I hope it will bring him here."
"He won't want to come so far as this," suggested Abraham.
"It ain't so far for him as it was for us." 25
"Why ain't it?"
"Because he lives nearer the line of Indiana than than we did. It ain't more than seventy-five miles for him to come, and he often rides as far as that."
Seventy-five miles! Yet the good minister came at 30 last, about three months after the despatch of the letter.
60 Modern English Writers II.
The people for a considerable distance round were apprised of the intended service, and on a certain Sunda}^ old and young travelled to the spot in carts, on horse- back, or on foot. Parson Elkins preached an admirable 5 sermon, and one which not only brought vividly to Abra- ham Lincoln's memory his mother's care, tenderness, and affection, but one that strengthened all his good resolutions.
In December, 1819, Mr. Lincoln married again, and
10 Abraham, as well as others, found the advantage of this second mother, who brightened the household, and ^superintended its arrangements with much skill. Her own children brought also their companionship, as well as an appreciable store of household goods.
15 Mrs. Lincoln knew the value of education, and it it was now placed within the reach of Abraham at the pioneer schools, where he became very enthusiastic over his studies. One of his masters, Andrew Crawford, distinguished in his pupil the foreshadowings of a great
20 man. The youth was singularly truthful, and anecdotes are related of his great honesty, candour, and readiness to confess his faults. Cruelty to animals incensed him greatly, and one of his earliest compositions was upon this theme. He was wont to recite for the instruc-
25 tion or amusement of his companions, and to display his oratorical powers from the stump of a tree. He further came to be called "the peacemaker", for he could not endure to witness broils among his companions. A strange figure Avas this incipient ruler at fifteen years
30 of age. He was then almost six feet in height, homely and ungainly in appearance, with legs and arms lengthy
Abraham Lincoln. 61
out of all proportion to his body. Very swarthy in com- plexion, and comical in aspect, he might have sat as a character for Dickens. He wore a linsey-wolsey shirt, buckskin breeches, and low shoes; but between the bottom of the breches and the top of the shoes there was a 5 great gap. He was only at school for a year, but he beat all his masters, Simple Proportion marking the limit of their education. It is said that Abraham wielded a facile pen in his schooldays, and he celebrated the somewhat formidable nasal feature of his tutor Craw- 10 ford, in "verse" and "prose", whose fame spread "as wide as to the Wabash and the Ohio." On more than one occasion when Lincoln, in his boisterous fits of humour, was asked what he thought would become of him, he replied that he would yet be "President of the United 15 States", which prophecy was, of course, taken as a mere bit of boastful pleasantry.
At the age of nineteen Abraham went to work for a Mr. Gentry, the proprietor of Gentryville, and he made a voyage as a hand on a Mississippi flat-boat. The 20 business was dangerous and exciting, and he had a brush with some marauding slaves. By this time Lincoln's intellectual powers had made their mark in his district, and political and other compositions of his had been published, which were regarded as unusually clever and 25 promising. Believing, also, in a healthy body as well as a sound mind, Lincoln devoted some of his hours of hours of recreation to popular sports, and soon excelled all his companions in wrestling. At this period he borrowed from a friend the Statutes of Indiana^ which he 80 read and carefully digested, thus laying a basis for his
62 Modern English Writers II.
subsequent legal studies; and lie practised himself in speaking in public. One of his companions states that he was always calm, logical, and clear. He read and wrote a good deal, and found great delight in attending 5 the law courts when he could get an opportunity.
To escape the dreaded milk disease, the Lincolns moved into Illinois in 1830. ilbrabam was now just twenty-one years of age. He assisted his father in clearing a farm and split rails for the fence; hence he
10 was afterwards known as the "ßail-splitter". During* the next year or two he went through a great variety of experiences — now piloting boats under dangerous cir- cumstances, and now serving in a pioneer store. AVhile residing in New Salem, he won the title, "Honest Abe"
15 which he carried through life. "The public confidence in his integrity and fairmindedness was such that he was usually chosen one of the umpires in all games and trials where two sides enlisted." He finally became in such great demand in this line that both parties consti-
20 tuted him judge. The pursuit of knowledge was his chief ambition, however, and he liked to know what was going forward in the world. For years he subscribed to the Louisville Journal when he had not money enough to dress respectably. In 1832 the Indian Chief, Black
25 Hawk, caused a great deal of trouble, and Lincoln, be- lieving him to be one of the most treacherous enemies of the whites, enlisted in one of the volunteer regiments sent out against that celebrated chief by the Governor of Illinois. Abraham was chosen chief of his company,
80 and, as its term of service expired before the conclusion of the war. he reenlisted in another company as private.
Abraham Lincoln. 63
He did this for a third time, being resolved to serve his country so long as the war lasted, and ultimately the Battle of Bad Axe put an end to the conflict. While acting as captain, he endangered his own life by fear- lessly protecting an Indian who had arrived in the camp 5 with a safe-conduct from General Cass. It was not Lincoln's lot to come face to face with the enemy, which must have been rather trying, as he revelled in danger. By a curious coincidence, there were two officers in the Black Hawk War destined to become Presidents of the United 10 States— Colonel Zachary Taylor and Captain Abraham Lincoln. Years after he served in the Black Hawk War, Lincoln narrated his first experience in drilling his company. He was marching with his detachment across a field, when he desired to pass through a gate- 15 way into the next enclosure. "I could not, for the life of me," said he, "remember the proper word of command for getting my company endwise, so that it could pass through the gate ; so, as we came near the gate, I shouted, "This company is dismissed for two minutes, when it 20 will fall in again on the other side of the gate!'" Utilising this amusing incident with regard to the dis- cussions in Congress, he remarked, "I sometimes think that gentlemen who get into a tight place in debate would like to dismiss the House until the next day, and 25 then take a fair start."
In 1832 Lincoln was "run" by his friends for the State legislatui'e. His first political speech, which was very brief, was as follows : — "Gentlemen and fellow citizens, I presume you all know who I am. I am humble Abra- 30 ham Lincoln. I have been solicited by many friends to
64 Modern Englisli Writers II.
become a candidate for tlie Legislature. My politics are short and sweet: I am in favour of a national bank; I am in favour of tlie internal improvement system and a liigh protective tariif. These are my sentiments and 5 political principles. If elected, I shall be thankful ; if not it will be all the same." He was not elected, but in his own district of New Salem he polled 277 votes out of a possible 284. Lincoln now entered into business as a merchant, where he lost heavily through a worthless
10 partner. While waiting for a new opening, he devoured everything that he could lay his hands upon in the shape of books. Burns and Shakespeare he read with great gusto, committing large portions of their works to memory, and they were ever afterwards his favourite poets. Under
15 the auspices of Calhoun of Springfield he began practical work as a surveyor, studying law privately at the same time. In 1833 President Jackson appointed him post- master of New Salem, not a very onerous occupation. The letters were few and far between, and it was laugh-
20 ingly said of him that he "carried the office in his hat." because when going out he would sometimes put the missives in his hat for the purpose of delivering them to the parties addressed if he should happen to meet them.
25 The first step in Lincoln's public career was taken
in 1834, when he was elected to the State Legislature on the Whig ticket. His success was all the more credit- able because he absolutely declined to resort to the dis- honourable means for obtaining votes employed by some
30 candidates, such as providing grog shops. His appear- ance was so uncouth that an elector, Dr. Barrett, ex-
Abraham Lincoln. 65
claimed, when he saw him, "Well, if that fellow is qualified to go to the Legislature, his looks belie him, that is all." When he had heard Lincoln speak, however, the doctor said, "I give it up now. Why, sir, he is a perfect take in, — he knows more than all of them put 5 together." Lincoln was re-elected to the Legislature in 1836, in 1838, and in 1840. During his second term the question of slavery was violently agitated in Illinois. The Democratic party introduced a series of resolutions against the Abolitionists and in favour of slavery, and 10 so great was the pressure put upon the Whigs, that nearly all the members were coerced into supporting these arbitrary measures. Not so Lincoln, however. He denounced the resolutions and their supporters, and man- fully, and almost alone, fought the battle of freedom for 15 two years.
Having been incited to the systematic study of the law by Mr. John T. Stuart, Lincoln was admitted to the' Bar in 1837, and became Mr. Stuart's partner. He prac- tised at Springfield, and had much success in Jury trials 20 The manner in which he had already succeeded in gain- ing the public esteem is evidenced by the fact that at a dinner given to the Representatives of Sangamon County, he was toasted as "Abraham Lincoln, one of Nature's noblemen." The partnership with Mr. Stuart ended in 2.5 1840, and not long afterwards Lincoln joined Judge S. T. Logan. In 1842 he married Miss Mary Todd, daughter of the Hon. R. S. Todd, of Lexington, Kentucky. By this union he had four children, all sons. Three of them died before the age of man- 30 hood, but the eldest, Robert, lived to become Secretary
II 5
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of War at AVashingtoii, and lie is now United States Minister to Great Britain.
Characteristic anecdotes are related of Lincoln's legal experiences. On one occasion the ensuing- conversation 5 occurred after a client had laid his case before the advocate.
"I cannot serve you," said Lincoln, "for you are wrong" and the other party is right."
"That is none of your business, if I hire and pay you 10 for taking the case," retorted the man.
"Not my business !" exclaimed Lincoln. "My business is never to defend wrong. If I am a lawyer, I never take a case that is manifestly wrong."
"Well, you can make trouble for the woman," added 15 the applicant.
"Yes," responded Lincoln, "there is no reasonable doubt but that I can gain the case for you. I can set a whole neighbourhood at loggerheads; I can distress a widowed mother and her six fatherless children, and 20 thereby get for you six hundred dollars, which right- fully belongs as much to the woman and her children as it does to you. But I won't do it."
"Not for any amount of pay?" inquired the man. "Not for all you are worth," replied Lincoln. "You must 25 remember that some things which are legally right are not morally right. I shall not take your case."
Lincoln took up matters which were considered
unpopular, that is, cases in which negroes had been
seized again after a period of freedom, and by dint of
30 tireless energy and exertion he secured their restitution.
He could do nothing with causes where he had not the
Abraham Lincoln. 67
strongest belief in the innocence of Ms clients, and whenever liis fellow counsel were successful in such causes, he declined to receive one cent of the fees. The son of an old benefactress of Lincoln having been char- ged with murder, the distracted mother made a touching 5 and impassioned appeal to "the noble, good Abe" to save her boy, whom he had rocked when a babe in his cradle. Lincoln did his best, but the evidence of the principal witness was of an apparently crushing nature. He swore positively that the murder was committed at half-past 10 ten o'clock on a certain night, and that the moon was shining brightly at the time. The case seemed hopeless, and yet Lincoln felt that there was a plot against an innocent man. He reviewed the evidence; then, raising his clear, full voice to a higher key, and lifting his 15 long, wiry arm above his head, as if about to annihilate his client's accuser, he exclaimed: "The witness testifies that the moon was shining brightly when the deed was perpetrated, between the hours of ten and eleven o'clock, when the moon did not appear on that night, as your 20 Honour's almanac will show, until an hour or more later, and, consequently, the whole story is a fabrication." This concise forensic point was followed by a fervent and eloquent appeal, which closed with the words, "If justice is done, as I believe it will be, before the 25 sun sets it will shine upon my client a free man." There was a revulsion of feeling throughout the whole court, and the accused was acquitted and actu- ally a free man before sundown. The widowed mother and the advocate mingled their tears over the 30 youth thus snatched from the gallows. Judge Davis
5*
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said of Lincoln as a lawyer — "In all the elements that constitute the great lawyer, he had few equals. The framework of his mental and moral being was honesty. He never took from a client, even when the
5 cause was gained, more than he thought the service was worth, and the client could reasonably afford to pay. He was loved by his brethren of the bar." Judge Drum- mond also bore this testimony: "With a probity of character known to all, with an intuitive insight into
10 the human heart, with a clearness of statement which was in itself an argument, with uncommon power and felicity of illustration — often, it is true, of a plain and homely kind — and with that sincerity and earnestness of manner which carried conviction, he was one of the
15 most successful lawyers in the State."
Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846, his major- ity being 1,511, as compared with a majority of only 914 which Henry Clay had been able to secure in the same State two years before. Many who were not
20 Whigs voted for Lincoln, on the ground of his sterling personal qualities. He took his seat in the National House of Representatives on December 6 th, 1847, and, being the only Whig member from Illinois, his appear- ance created considerable interest. Lincoln opposed the
25 war with Mexico, which was waged in the interests of slavery, and, during the prolonged anti-slavery conflict in Congress, he spoke frequently and with great warmth against the cruel and unjust system, which he declared must bring down a terrible retribution upon the country
30 unless it were abolished. He energetically supported the efforts to abolish slavery in the district of Columbia, and
Abraham Lincoln. 69
introduced a bill for that purpose. Becoming widely known for his endeavours to reduce the limits of slavery, and for his vigorous sympathy with all the as- pirations of his political section, he was trusted as a leader of the people in the Kansas-Nebraska agitation, 5 which proposed that these territories should be declared "free soil." Declining re-election to Congress in 1848, and again in 1850, in order to be with his family and to follow his profession, Lincoln turned with renewed ardour to the study of English and American literature. 10 He was a conspicuous example of what can be accom- plished after forty, making as great strides from this time forward as he had made in the earlier stages of his career. Six years of comparative retirement from public life enabled him to add largely to his stock of 15 general knowledge. He rendered at this time good ser- vice to the Temperance cause, and in 1854 formally joined the Order of the Sons of Temperance.
In 1854 Lincoln furnished evidence of the great magnanimity of his nature, by insisting that the votes 20 of his Illinois friends ^ in the election for United States senator, should be transferred to Lyman Trumbull, in order to defeat the slavery candidate, Governor Matheson. This was done — though several Whigs wept over the necessity — and the election was secured. Two years 25 later he spoke with remarkable eloquence at the organi- sation of the Eepublican party of Illinois; and at this juncture he was put forward by his State as a candidate for the Vice-Presidency, on the ticket with General Fremont. He received 110 votes, which strikingly 30 showed the position he was already gaining as a states-
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man. Lincoln took an active part in the Fremont Cam- paign, delivering- many powerful speeches. At one place a Democrat thus challenged him: "Mr. Lincoln, is it true that you entered this State barefooted, driving 5 a yoke of oxen?" Lincoln replied, "Yes, I think I can prove the fact by at least a dozen men in the crowd, any one of whom is more respectable than my questioner." Then he passed on to a high strain of oratory, and deeply moved his audience by the declaration — "We
10 will speak for freedom and against slavery, so long as the Constitution of our country guarantees free speech, until everywhere on this wide land the sun shall shine, and the rain shall fall, and the wind shall blow upon no man who goes forth to unrequited toil."
15 Lincoln's determination to do the right was never
better exemplified than at the Eepublican State Con- vention which met at Springfield, in June, 1857. He saw the struggle that must come between the Union and the Slave States of the South, and in his now
20 famous address, known as "The House-divided-against- itself Speech/' he incorporated and delivered the following passage : — "A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this Government cannot endure permanently — half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union
25 to be dissolved — I do not expect the house to fall ; but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other." His enemies hailed these bold utterances with delight, as being certain to portend Lincoln's ruin, and even his friends were
30 dubious concerning their wisdom. When the latter remonstrated with him, he replied, "If it must be that
Abraham Lincoln. 71
I go down because of this speech, then let me go down linked to truth — die in the advocacj^ of what is just and right." After the speech had been delivered, and it had been stigmatised as foolish and suicidal , Dr. Loring asked its utterer whether he did not wish it were wiped 5 out of existence? Lincoln answered, "Well, Doctor, if I had to draw a pen across and erase my whole life from existence, and had one poor gift or choice left as to what I should save from the wreck, I should choose that speech, and leave it to the world unerased." The 10 result proved that he was right, and that he had seen further than his contemporaries. The speech was recognised years later as one of the wisest he had ever delivered, and it gave the keynote to the policy of maintaining the Union. "It settled the character and 15 issue of the next Presidential election, and finally sealed the doom of slavery" in the United States.
In 1858 the election in Illinois was for a Legislature which should choose a senator, and Lincoln "stumped" the State as the opposing orator to Stephen A. Douglas, 20 the able Democratic candidate. They argued before the same audiences, Lincoln securing the honours in these important debates, a fact which gave him a national reputation. During one of the discussions he closed mth these words an eloquent tribute to the Declaration 25 of Independence: "You may do anything with me 3^ou choose, if you will but heed these sacred principles. You may not only defeat me for the Senate, but you may take me and put me to death. While pretending no indifference to earthly honours, I do claim to be 30 actuated in this contest by something higher than an
72 Modern English Writers II.
anxiety for office. I charge you to drop every paltry and insignificant thought for any man's success. It is nothing; I am nothing; Judge Douglas is nothing. But do not destroy that immortal emblem of humanity — 5 the Declaration of American Independence." Although in the popular vote Lincoln received a majority of 4,085 over Mr. Douglas, Ms opponent was returned to the United States Senate, owing to the peculiar apportion- ment of the legislative districts.
10 There was a strange scene of excitement and
enthusiasm at Decatur on the 9 th of May, 1860, when the Eepublican State Convention of Illinois met in a building erected for the purpose. Amid a tempest of applause, "a distinguished citizen of Illinois, Abraham
15 Lincoln," was requested to take his seat on the stand, but he was actually borne to it by his admirers. When the Convention proceeded to business, it was announced that an old democrat was waiting outside, with the object of presenting something to the Convention. An
20 order being given for his admission, John Hanks, Lincoln's old friend, fellow rail-splitter, and comrade in the Black Hawk War, — appeared. He bore on his shoulders two rails, surmounted by a banner bearing this inscription, "Two rails from a lot made by Abraham
25 Lincoln and John Hanks, in the Sangamon Bottom, in the year 1830." The present was greeted with volleys of applause and shouts of "A speech!" "Let's hear the rail-splitter," "Old Abe must show his hand!" Lincoln, who was rather discomposed by this flattering tribute,
30 stepped forward and, pointing to the rails, smilingly said, "Gentlemen, I suppose you want to know something
Abraham Lincoln. 73
about those things. Well, the truth is, John Hanks and I did make rails in the Sangamon Bottom. I don't know whether we made those particular rails or not; the fact is, I don't think they are a credit to the makers. But I do know this; I made rails then, and I 5 think I could make better ones than these now." A tempest of cheers shook the building, and when it had subsided, a resolution was carried unanimously declaring Abraham Lincoln to be the first choice of the Republican party of Illinois for the Presidency. 10
A month or so after this meeting the National Eepublican Convention assembled at Chicago. It was attended by 25,000 citizens, who were accommodated in a huge structure provided for the occasion. There were eight Eepublican candidates for the Presidency, viz.: — 15 William H. Seward, Salmon P. Chase, Edward Bates, Judge McLean, William L. Dayton, Simon Cameron, Abraham Lincoln, and Benjamin F. Wade. Mr. Seward had a European as well as an American reputation, but he secured only a very inferior place in the balloting. 20 In the informal ballot, Lincoln had 102 votes. Chase 49, and Bates 48. As it was evident that Seward and some others had no chance of nomination, their supporters gave their votes to Lincoln, who was chosen on the third ballot. The nomination was hailed with wild 25 enthusiasm, and the news was telegraphed to Spring- field; Lincoln was at the office of the Journal when it arrived, and picking up the telegram he observed, "Well, gentlemen, there is a little woman at our house who is probably more interested in this despatch than I am; 30 and if you will excuse me, I will take it up and let her
74 Modern Eng-lisli Writers II.
see it." When a number of citizens called to congratu- late the Presidential candidate, it was expected that, as usual, his health would be drunk in the choicest liquors, but they had mistaken the nature of Lincoln. After the 5 official ceremonies were over, a servant brought in a waiter containing a large pitcher of water and several glass tumblers, whereupon Lincoln rose and said, "Gentlemen, we must pledge our mutual healths in the most healthy beverage that God has given to man ; it is the only bever-
10 age I have ever used or allowed in my family, and I cannot conscientiously depart from it on the present occasion ; it is pure Adam's ale, from the spring." With that he raised a tumbler to his lips, and those guests who did not agree with his principles, were constrained
15 to admire his consistency and to follow his example.
The public reasons for Lincoln's nomination as the Republican candidate for the Presidency were his well- known abhorrence of slavery and his determination to maintain the Union. But his personal claims were very
20 strong, and there was no man in the party so widely respected for his sterling honesty and uprightness, and for the way in which, through sheer force of character, he had risen from the humblest sphere until he had acquired a national reputation.
25 When the time for the Presidential contest arrived,
there were four candidates for the Presidency: Lincoln, Douglas, Breckenridge, and Bell. Lincoln was the can- didate of all those citizens, whether in the North or in the South, who already perceived the ultimate drift of the
30 conflict, and were for the Union, against all agitations which threatened to overthrow it. Lincoln was elected
Abraham Lincoln. 75
President ou the 6tli of November, b}^ a popular vote numbering- 1,857,610, being nearly lialf-a-million more votes than were cast for the Democratic candidate, Douglas. The popular vote for Breckenridge, the Slavery candidate, was 847.900; and of these 348,012 were cast 5 in Northern States. There were thus about half-a-million voters, but no more, who favoured the extreme theories of the Southern democracy. The votes cast for Lincoln in the Electoral College numbered 180, as against 72 cast for Breckenridge, 41 for Bell, and 10 for Douglas. He 10 had thus 57 more votes than all the other candidates combined. Lincoln felt the importance and solemnity of his election very deeply; for he was a man of profound religious faith, and moved by a consuming desire to be- friend the slave and to preserve the Union. 'T know 15 there is a God," he exclaimed, shortly before the result of the contest was made known, "and that He hates in- justice and slavery. I see the storm coming, and I know that His hand is in it. If He has a place and work for me, I am ready; I am nothing, but truth is everything. 20 I know I am right, because I know that liberty is right. I have told them that a house divided against itself cannot stand, and Christ and reason say the same; and they will find it so. Douglas don't care whether slavery is voted up or voted down; but God cares, and humanity 25 cares, and I care; and with God's help I shall not fail. I may not see the end, but it will come and I shall be ^dndicated."
Between the date of the Presidential election in Nov. 1860 and the formal inauguration of Lincoln, in 30 March 1861, there was time for the President's enemies
76 Modern English Writers II.
in the South to reflect, and they employed the inter- vening period in preparing- for armed revolt. The South was greatly assisted in this work by the fact that de- pots of arms and of war material had been so located 5 by the Southern officials in the War Department , as to put them within easy reach in case of insurrection ; while the small army of the United States was scattered in detachments in remote parts of the country. By this manoeuvre the South had five months' start of the North
10 in the active preparations for war.
Before leaving Springfield for his installation at Washington, Lincoln spent some time with his mother at Charleston. Mr. Lamon, one of the President's biographers, states that their last interview was most affecting. "She
15 embraced him with deep emotion, and said she was sure she should never behold him again, for she felt that his enemies would assassinate him. 'No, no, mother, they will not do that. Trust in the Lord and all will be well ; we shall see each other again.' But, inexpressibly af-
20 fected by this new evidence of her tender attachment and deep concern for his safety, he gradually and reluc- tantly withdrew from her arms, feeling more deeply op- pressed by the heavy cares which time and events were rapidly augmenting." There were many other prognos-
25 tications besides Mrs. Lincoln's, that the President would come to an untimely end; and from the first he seems to have carried his life in his hand.
However, Lincoln's courage was as conspicuous as his energy and determination ; and on the 11th of February,
30 1861, he left Springfield for Washington with his family. To the friends who gathered to wish him "God speed"
Abraham Lincoln. 77
he spoke these beautiful parting words : "No one not in my position can appreciate the sadness I feel at this parting. To this people I owe all that I am. Here I have lived more than a quarter-of-a-century. Here my children were born, and here one of them lies buried. 5 I know not how soon I shall see you again. A duty devolves on me which is greater, perhaps, than that which has devolved upon any other man since the days of Washington. He never would have succeeded but for the aid of Divine Providence, upon which he at all times 10 relied. I feel that I cannot succeed without the same Divine aid which sustained him, and on the same Al- mighty Being I place my reliance for support; and I hope you, my friends, will pray that I may receive that Divine assistance, without which I cannot succeed, but with 15 which success is certain. Again I bid you all an affec- tionate farewell."
The journey to Washington was a magnificent ovation all through, but from the minority, threats of assassination were heard; and when Lincoln reached Philadelphia he 20 was met by the startling intelligence that a plot had been discovered to kill him in passing through Baltimore on the ensuing day. The President-elect was disinclined to notice these reports, but it was arranged that instead of going on by the train originally fixed, the Presidential 25 party should go through the same night to Washington by the night express. They arrived safely in the capital at half-past six the next morning. As the telegraphic wires had been cut, the time of the President's arrival was left in doubt. Mr. Elihu B. Washborne was at the 30 station, however, when the train arrived, and has thus
78 Modern English Writers II.
described the incident: "When the train came to a stand I watched with fear and trembling to see the passengers descend. I saw every car emptied, and there was no Mr. Lincohi. I was well-nigh in despair, and when 5 about to leave I saw slowly emerge from the last sleeping- car three persons. I could not mistake the long, lank form of Mr. Lincoln, and my heart bounded with joy and gratitude. He had on a soft, low-crowned hat, a muffier round his neck, and a short bob-tailed overcoat.
10 Any one who knew him at that time could not have failed to recognize him at once, but, I must confess , he looked more like a well-to-do farmer from one of the back towns of Jo. Davies' County coming to Washington to see the city, take out his land Avarrant, and get the
15 patent for his farm, than the President of the United States." Republican simplicity indeed on the part of one whose life was invaluable, and upon whose words a whole continent hung breathless!
The inauguration of Lincoln took place on the 4th
20 of March, 1861, and a vast concourse of people assembled at Washington to witness the ceremony. In closing his memorable address on that now historical occasion, the President uttered this pathetic appeal to the enemies of the Government: "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-
25 countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of Civil War. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the Government; while I shall have the most
30 solemn one to preserve, protect, and defend it. I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We
Abraham Lincoln. 79
must not be enemies. Though passion may be strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land , will yet swell the chorus of the 5 Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature." There was a strain of true poetry, as well as eloquence, in this appeal; but before its aspirations were realized, the country was des- tined to pass through a terrible baptism of blood. 10
The South found no elements of Aveakness in the President's address. He met the projected rupture of the Union with the declaration that it was perpetual. "Per- petuity," he said, "is implied in the fundamental law of all governments. It is safe to assert that no G-overnment 15. ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination." This firm but necessary attitude Lincoln held in public, while in private he commended himself, his country, and his family to the care and protection of Almighty God. He was supported by an able Cabinet, 20 but his unswerving trust was placed in the great body of the people. Eleven of the discontented States seceded, and authorised Commissioners to treat with the Government of the United States for the establishment of new rela- tions. Lincoln refused to receive or recognise the 25 Commissioners, holding the Union to to be one and indi- visible. Upon this issue, civil war ensued. Fort Sumter was reduced on April 12th, 1861, and three days later the President, by Proclamation, called for 75,000 men of the militia of the States. Congress was convened in extra 30- Session for the 4th of July. A sum of 40,000,000 dols.
80 Modern English Writers II.
was at once voted, authority was given to raise an army of 500,000 volunteers, and ail previous calls for armed force made by the President were ratified. The Battle of Bull Eun, in July, nerved the North to yet more de- 5 termined elforts. Endeavours were made to commit the Government to a declaration of the independence of the slaves; but at this juncture such a step was firmly resisted, as tending to confuse the issue. The Consti- tutional position assumed by Lincoln and his Cabinet
10 was that the War was undertaken for the defence of the Union, and this position the President would not suffer to be obscured.
Now began a time of supreme difficulty for Lincoln, but it was one which brought out the real greatness of
15 his nature, and caused a distinguished Frenchman to exclaim that he was superior to Caesar. The President not only conducted the civil affairs of the nation, but guided its military affairs with a judgment and an ability which extracted even the admiration of his foes. Military
20 operations conceived on a grand scale were set in motion at the beginning of 1862. McClellan's defeats caused for a time depression in the North, but they were more than avenged by the victory over General Lee at Antietam, and General Grant's successes in the West. Foreign
25 complications threatened also to add to the President's troubles. The seizure of the Southern Commissioners, Messrs. Slidell and Mason, on board the British steamer Trent, nearly precipitated a war with England, especially as there was likewise a strong party in this country
30 which sympathised with the Southern Confederacy, and some of our shipowners assisted that cause by fitting out
Abraham Lincoln. 31
confederate privateers, Lincoln, however, declined the mediation of the Emperor of the French , and took the diplomatic difficulties into his own hands. By timely concessions he averted war with England, and was enabled to concentrate his attention exclusively upon the Civil 5 War. In September, 1862, he proclaimed that slaves in all States which should be in insurrection on January 1st, 1863, would then be declared free.
During this second year of his administration, the President was visited by severe domestic trouble and 10 anxiety, in addition to the public burdens he had to bear. He lost one son from fever, and another was in extreme danger. After the death of his boy he shut himself up in his room, and indulged in excessive grief. No one seemed to be able to console him. At last, 15 Dr. Vinton , of New York , procured an interview with him, in the course of which he told Lincoln frankly that it was sinful to indulge in such grief. "Your son is alive in Paradise," said Dr. Vinton. "Alive! Alive!" exclaimed the President, starting to his feet; "Surely 20 you mock me.^' "No, my dear sir, believe me; Christ himself declares it." Lincoln looked at him a moment, then, throwing his arms about the clergyman's neck, and laying his head upon his shoulder, he sobbed aloud, repeating "Alive! Alive!" From that time the President 25 was comforted by the words of Christ, and no longer mourned under the dread of an eternal separation. At this trying time he was again warned against rebels in Washington, who might assassinate him, when he replied, "I am in God's hand ; let Him do with me what seemeth 30 good to Him."
II 6
82 Modern English Writers II.
In the year 1863 Lincoln called for 300,000 volun- teers, to take the places of those whose term of enlistr ment would expire. Pardon was proclaimed to all persons in arms against the United States, upon con- 5 dition of taking the oath of allegiance. The promised proclamation of emancipation to slaves in all States in insurrection was made, and the refusal to recognise the Government of Maximilian in Mexico was continued. Military force was concentrated in New York city to
10 suppress serious riots which had broken out in con- sequence of the enforcement of a law for conscription. The times were grave, and the President in the White House was filled with anxiety, and would willingly have exchanged places with the meanest soldier upon the
15 battle-field. On one occasion he remarked, "If it were not for my belief in an over -ruling Provi- dence, it would be difficult for me, in the midst of such complications, to keep my reason on its seat. But I am confident that the Almighty has His plans, and will
20 work them out; and, whether we see it or not, they will be the wisest and best for us. I have always taken counsel of Him, and referred to Him my plans, and have never adopted a course of proceeding without being assured, as far as I could be, of His approbation."
25 In consecrating the battle-field cemetery near Gettys- burg, in Nov., 1863, the President made this briet but touchingly eloquent speech: —
"Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in
30 liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil
Abraham Lincoln. 83
war, testing whether that nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. 5 It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate — we cannot consecrate — we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men who struggled here have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world 10 will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is, rather, for us to be here 15 dedicated to the great task remaining before us, that from these honoured dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, 20 under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth."
The chosen orator of the day was Edward Everett, one of the most accomplished speakers of the age ; but 25 after Lincoln concluded, Everett took his hand and said : — "My speech will soon be forgotten ; yours never wiU be. How gladly would I exchange my hundred pages for your twenty lines."
Lincoln's relations with the army are well worthy 30
of notice. He issued an order for the better observance
6*
84 Modern English Writers II,
of Sunday, and deplored and rebuked intemperance and profane swearing. Yet he was a favourite with the soldiers, who alternated the endearing epithet of "Father Abraham" with the more familiar one of "Old Abe." 5 Many anecdotes are recorded of his respiting deserters. Once he was unable to resist the pleadings of a babe borne in its mother's arms. In another case he overrode the decision of Secretary Stanton, and in many subsequent instances his great tenderness availed to
10 preserve lives which had been forfeited to the State. Once a repentant soldier begged forgiveness for fighting against the North, and he received it immediately. On another occasion, a public man complained of his Am- nesty Proclamation, and Lincoln made this truly Christian
15 reply: — "When a man is sincerely penitent for his misdeeds, and gives satisfactory evidence of the same he can safely be pardoned, and there is no exception to the rule." He grieved for those slain in battle, almost as though they were his own sons. One morning, after
20 a terrible engagement, Secretary Seward found him pacing his room in a painfully distressed condition. In answer to the Secretary's enquiries, he said: — "This dreadful news from the hoys (the soldiers) has banished sleep and appetite. Not a moment's sleep last night, nor
25 a crumb of food this morning."
After another hard-fought battle he buried his face in his hands, exclaiming, "I shall never more be glad!" One of the Northern Army generals assured the Presi- dent that a number of deserters must be shot for the
30 sake of discipline, but Lincoln replied — "Mr. General, there are already too many weeping widows in the
Abraham Lincoln. 85
United States. Don't ask me to add to their number, for I won't do it."
To a mother in Boston, who had lost five sons in battle, President Lincoln wrote this touching letter : —
"Dbae Mädam,~I have been shown, in the files of 5 the War Department, a statement of the Adjutant- General of Massachusetts, that you are the mother of five sons, who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief 10 of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering to you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished 15 memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar ol freedom. — Yours very sincerely and re- spectfully,
Abeaham Lincoln." 20
In all the efforts for the aid and relief of wounded soldiers, the President displayed untiring zeal. The kind of retaliation he wreaked upon the enemies of the Eepublic is demonstrated by one incident. Some trembling Confederate prisoners were brought to his 25 notice, when he astonished them by taking each one by the hand. Then he said, "The solemn obligations which we owe to our country and posterity compel the pro- secution of this war. Many of you, no doubt, occupy] the attitude of enemies through uncontrollable circum- 30 stances. I bear no malice towards you, and can take
86 Modern English Writers II.
you by the hand with sympathy and good feeling." Some of the men were badly wounded , and he added. "Be of good cheer, boys, and the end will be well. The best of care shall be taken of you." The scene 5 was very affecting, and many of the Confederate soldiers wept.
It must not be forgotten that Lincoln was not only the saviour of his country, but the liberator of a race. By the coloured people of the United States , therefore,
10 his name was held in especial reverence. They journeyed from all parts of the country to do him honour, and he always received them with courtesy and kindness. This treatment was so different from that to which they had been accustomed, that their hearts were almost broken
15 with joy. "He's brought us through the Bed Sea", "He's king of the United States," "He ought to be king of the world." Such were some of the exclamations of the freed negroes, who wept and laughed by turns from excess of emotion. The loyal coloured people of
20 Baltimore] presented the President with] a very costly Bible as a token of respect and gratitude, and he acknowledged the gift as follows: "It is the best gift which God has ever given to man. All the good from the Saviour of the world is communicated to us through
25 this Book. But for it we could not know right from wi^ong. All those truths desirable for men are contained in it. I return you my sincere thanks for the very elegant copy of the Great Book of God which you present." A coloured woman of Philadelphia, in making a presen-
30 tation to Lincoln, said, in a tremulous voice, "Mr. President, I believe God has hewn you out of a rock
Abraham Lincoln. 87
for this great and mighty purpose. Many have ^Deen led away by bribes of gold, of silver, of presents; but you have stood firm, because God was with you; and if you are faithful to the end, He will be with you." Lincoln, with his eyes full of tears, replied, "You must not give 5 me the praise ; it belongs to God." Speaker Colfax well said of President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: — "The great act of the mighty chieftain, on which his fame shall rest long after his frame shall moulder away, is that of giving freedom to a race. We have 10 all been taught to revere the sacred characters. Among them Moses stands pre-eminently high. He received the law from God, and his name is honoured among the hosts of Heaven. Was not his greatest act the delivering three millions of his kindred out of bondage? 15 Yet we may assert that Abraham Lincoln, by his pro- clamation, liberated more enslaved people than ever Moses set free, and those not of his kindred or his race. Such a power, or such an opportunity, God has seldom given to man. When other events shall have been 20 forgotten; when literature shall enlighten all minds; when the claims of humanity shall be recognised every- where, this act shall be conspicuous in the pages of history. We are thankful that God gave to Abraham Lincoln wisdom and grace to issue that Proclamation, 25 which stands high above all other papers which have been penned by uninspired men."
The rest of the story of the Civil War is soon told. In 1864 military operations were first conducted upon an effective system, General Grant being granted a free 30 hand as Commander-in-Chief. Trouble again arose with
gg Modern English Writers II.
England. A number of Southerners resident in Canada abused the hospitality of that country by the organisation of a raid across the border, and committed murder and robbery in the State of Vermont. They were arrested, 5 and brought up on extradition proceedings , upon a demand for their surrender to the Grovernment of the United States; but the judge discharged them from custody on a technicality. Great irritation ensued in the United States, and the Government revoked the
10 Reciprocity Treaty, by which Canadian fishermen had enjoyed certain advantages in the American trade. Irregular Confederate negotiations were opened for settling terms of peace, and Lincoln authorised Horace Greeley to hear the propositions of any persons having
15 authority from the Confederate Government; but the scheme failed, as the President tenaciously adhered to the restoration of the Union and the abolition of slavery.
The Presidential election occurred in November, 1864.
20 The National Convention assembled in Baltimore, and Lincoln was again the candidate of his party. The votes of every State except Missouri were cast for Lincoln. Missouri gave her 22 votes to General Grant; but immediately upon the announcement of the ballot,
25 they were transferred to Lincoln. General McClellan was the Democratic candidate. Lincoln was re-elected by the largest majority ever known in Presidential elections. His popular majority 411,428, in a total vote of 4,015,902. As none but the loyal States voted, the
30 Electoral College vote was only 233, and of this number Lincoln had 212, and McClellan only 21. The re-
Abraham Lincoln. 89
election of Lincoln was practically the death-bloAV of the Eebellion. The Eepublicans urged a vigorous prosecution of the war, and demanded the abolition of slavery; but the Democrats proposed a cessation of hostilities, and the settlement of all difficulties in a National Convention. 5 The election of Lincoln expressed the deliberate intention of the North to fight it out. Early in 1865 another abortive attempt to compose the quarrel was made at Hampton Eoads, when the President conferred with authorised Southern Commissioners. 10
Lincoln's second inauguration as President of the United States took place on the 4th March, 1865. To a gigantic assembly, the President delivered an address which has been described as the most remarkable State paper extant, and it proved to be his farewell deliverance 15 to the American nation. This brief but moving address thus concluded: "The Almighty has His own purposes. ('Woe unto the world because of offences ! for it must needs be that offences come ; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh.') If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of 20 those offences which, in the Providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through His appointed time. He now wills to remove, and that He gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offence came, shall we discern 25 therein any departure from those Divine attributes which the believers in a living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope — fervently do we pray — that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue until all the wealth 30 piled by the bondsman's two hundred and fifty years
90 Modem English Writers II.
of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn by the lash shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said, 'The judgments of the Lord 5 are true and righteous altogether.' With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive to finish the work we are engaged in; to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle,
10 and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves, and mth all nations."
About three weeks after the inauguration, Eichmond, the Southern capital, fell. General Grant taking 12,000
15 prisoners and 50 pieces of artillevy. Lincoln entered Richmond, not as the triumphant conqueror, but as the fellow-citizen of those who had fallen. On the 9th of April [General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Council House, and the war was virtually at an end. A banner
20 was soon waving over the western portico of the Capitol at Washington, with the inscription underneath, "This is the Lord's doing; it is marvellous in our eyes," and over the door of the State Department was written, "The Union, saved by faith in the Constitution, faith in
25 the people, and trust in God." Never was peace more joyfully or more enthusiastically welcomed.
The great desire of President Lincoln's life was now accomplished, and he was about to address himself to the difficult problem of restoring the rebel States into their
30 proper position in the Union, when he was struck do^Mi by the hand of the assassin. The 14th of April, 1865, having
Abraham Lincoln, 91
"been fixed upon as a holiday for the loyal people, demon- strations were held during the day, and at night a special programme was arranged at Ford's Theatre, Washington. Lincoln attended, and received a remark- able ovation. During the performance, John Wilkes 5 Booth, an actor , entered the President's box , and shot Lincoln in the head. He then leaped from the box on to the stage, and exclaimed "Ac semper tyrannisT Brandishing a gleaming dagger he added, "The South is avenged!" and escaped in the confusion. 10 Booth fled on horseback to a farm near Fredericsburg, where, refusing to surrender, he was shot some days after- wards. The President's assassination was part of a plot to kill the members of the Cabinet. Lincoln died the next day, and the country lamented him as one of the 15 noblest of men, and the father of his people. Old and young wept together for this righteous and beneficent ruler. Queen Victoria and the Empress of the French wrote letters of condolence to the widow, and every Government in Europe added its sorrowful meed to 20 the universal grief. The murdered President was buried at Springfield, and amongst the mottoes displayed in, the town where he was especially beloved, and in which was his cherished home, was one bearing his own prophetic words, "Sooner than surrender this principle, 25 I would be assassinated on the spot." Another motto ran, "Washington, the Father of his country; Lincoln, its Saviour."
Examples of Lincoln's magnanimity and humour are given by all his biographers. When Stonewall Jackson, 30 who fought so bravely against the North, was praised
92 Modem English Writers II.
by the Washington Chronicle as a brave soldier, but mis- taken man, the President wrote to the editor: — "I honour you for your generosity to one who, though contending against us in a guilty cause, was nevertheless 5 a gallant man. Let us forget his sins over his fresh- made grave." The same largemindedness extended to all his enemies, who Avere surprised at his generosity where they expected revengefulness and vindictiveness. His humour was his "life preserver," and he frequently
10 indulged in it to iprevent himself breaking down from emotion. He laughed heartily over the Nashy Papers, and once thought of offering to change places with the author, if the latter would impart to him his singular talent. When Lincoln was at the White House he was
15 besieged by office-seekers, as every President invariably is. When thrown down by measles, he exclaimed, "Now let the office-seekers come on ; I have at last got some- thing I can give to all of them." Upon examining a gun so constructed as to prevent the escape of gas, he
20 remarked, "I really believe this does what it is repre- sented to do. But do any of you know of any machine or invention for preventing the escape of gas from news- paper establishments?" When the members of a dele- gation kept reiterating to him that there were "breakers
25 ahead," he said they reminded him of the schoolboy who could not get hold of the names of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego. To the boy's sorrow, although the teacher had drilled him repeatedly, the names came on once more, and he was helpless before them. So he
:30 simply looked up and said, "Teacher, there's them three fellers again." When assured by a clergyman during
Abraham Lincoln. 93
the Civil War tliat the Lord was on his side, the Presi- dent replied, "I know that the Lord is always on the side of the right. But it is my constant anxiety and prayer that I and this nation should be on the Lord's side^
Abraham Lincoln was essentially a man of the 5 people, and lived for the people. • Next in fame amongst his countrymen to Washington, history will endorse the popular tribute to the great Liberator. It says much for the Anglo-Saxon race that it can produce such men. In the record of nations there is probably not his equal for 10 the work he accomplished. No man ever conducted a great nation through an arduous and terrible struggle with more courage, patience, dignity, and success, or with so little offence to the liberties of the people or the common rights of humanity. Yet he was humble, frank, 15 and gentle in his dealings with men ; given to humour, even under the pressure of the heaviest burdens ; always upright, and animated by a simple faith in his Maker. His Proclamation of Emancipation takes equal rank with the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of 20 the United States ; and from one point of view it is even greater, for it was the work of one mind. Estimable as a man, Lincoln was also great as a statesman, and he was preeminently one of those characters who are a nation's pride and glory.
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n
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Rector. Curate, Archdeacon: Englische Kirche: An der Spitze der- selben stehen zwei Erzbischöfe, von Canterbury und York. Ersterer ist Primas von ganz England. Unter diesen stehen die Bisthümer, welche in 85 Erzdiakonate (Archdeaconries) und 613 Dekaneien (Deaneries) zerfallen: daher Archdeacon, Dean. Die niedere Geistlichkeit teilt sich in Incumbents oder Eectors (Pfarrer) und Curates (Hilfsgeistliche), welche im Dienst eines Pfarrers stehen.
Nihilist Bezeichnung für die Anhänger einer in Eussland hervor- getretenen und weitverbreiteten Anschauungsweise (Nihilismus), welche nach der Zertrümmerung der geschichtlichen Grundlagen der Gesellschaft und des Staats strebt und rein materialistische oder sozialdemokratische oder auch ganz utopistische Ziele ver- folgt.
Russian Emperor. Im März 1881 machte ein von der Nihilisten- partei sehr geschickt angelegtes Attentat, an welchem mehrere Personen beteiligt waren, dem Leben Alexanders ein Ende. Auf der Fahrt von der Michaelmanege, wo der Kaiser militärischen Uebungen beigewohnt hatte, zum Winterpalais am Katharinen- kanal, wurde er durch Dynamitbomben tödlich verwundet, so dass er anderthalb Stunden später im Winterpalais starb.
Mikado eine komische Oper, der Text von Gilbert, die Musik von Arthur Sullivan, welche in England grossen Erfolg hatte.
I should have been altogether baffled if ... . Ich wäre vollständig zurückgeschlagen worden, wenn nicht der Pfarrer mir zur Hilfe gekommen wäre.
n 7
2 Autobiog-rapliy of a Slander.
District visitors. In England ist es allgemein Sitte bei den Damen der besseren Stände, dass sie die Armen in ihren Wohnungen regelmässig- besuchen ; es Avird daher jeder Ort in eine Anzahl Distrikte eingeteilt und diese werden an verschiedene Damen vergeben, welche die Pflicht haben, dem Eector oder Curate, dem die Seelsorge des Kirchspiels obliegt, Bericht über die Zustände zu erstatten und Eat und Hilfe bei ihnen zu holen.
Choir treat. Auf dem Lande wird alljährlich ein Fest, gewöhnlich in der Form eines Picknicks, für die Mitglieder des Kirchenchors, die ihre Dienste unentgeltlich leisten, veranstaltet.
victoria kleiner einspänniger offener Wagen.
Like a green hay-tree. Psalm 37 V. 35. „Ich habe gesehen einen Gottlosen, der war trotzig, und breitete sich aus, und grünete wie ein Lorbeerbaum."
Preacher. Der Prediger Salomo, Kap. 12 V. 12 „denn viel Bücher- machens ist kein Ende."
He loas in the full swing of that novel lohich had suggested itself . . . er war in voller Arbeit an der Novelle, die sich ihm aufgedrängt hatte . . .
Truckle-bed ßollbett, ein niederes Bettgestell, das unter ein anderes geschoben werden kann, daher von den Armen bei Eaummangel oft gebraucht.
His heart began to fail him . . . sein Mut begann zu sinken ; heart wird oft für Mut gebraucht, z. B. to be of (or in) good heart guten Mutes sein etc.
Wörterbuch.
abode Slufent§aIt§ort ; 3So§ming.
abroad im 3Xit§Ianb.
abruptly jäfi; |Dlö|Iict).
absence 5lbiDe)en^ett.
abuse ©dimä^ungen ; to abuse
jc^mä^en; miB6rQU(^en. according- to gemä^. account Seric^t ; on no — auf feinen
Saa.
accusation 5tnfIoge. aching- fd[)meräenb. acquaintance 33efannt[c^aft. acquisition Eroberung, action X'i)at; |)anblung. actor (5cf)Quf|)teIer. actually tt)irllt(i). addition ^injufe^ung. adjoining ftd) anjc^Iie^enb. admire beiüunbern. admission Einräumung, admit gefielen. advanced :^eröorragenb. advice 9?at. aesthetic äftl^ettfc^. affected angegriffen, afloat verbreitet. afraid, to be, ftc§ fürd^ten. agree übereinftimmen. aid ^ilfe. air ifldohie.
aisle ®ang ober i^Iügel in einer mri^e.
j alacrity 33ereitiuiüigfeit. ' alarming- erfd)recfenb. I alter änbern. altogether gönglid^. ! amazement (Srftaunen. amiss, nothing came amiss to her
fie na^m mit altem öorlieb. amount Summe; to amount fteigen
bi§ ^u, tnerben. amusement ^eluftigung. angel Engel, angle ^infel. angry äornig; örgerlic^. Anglican Communion bie englif(^e
@taat§firc^e. animated lebl^aft. announce melben. annoyed ärgerlid^. annoyance SSerbruß; 3lrger. answer antluorten. antipathy 5lbneig«ng. apace §ufe{)enb§. apparent augenfd)einlid^. appear erfcbeinen. appearance 9tu§fe^en. approachable gugönglid). approve bißigen, apt geneigt; ba§u bered)net. arm-chair Sel^nftul^I. arrange einrichten, ashamed (to be) fid^ fd)ömen. aside beifeite. assassination 9Reud§eImorb.
7*
4
Wörterbuch.
assent betfttmmen.
assert beteuern; be^au^jten.
assure Derfti^ern.
astray (to go) irre ge^en.
at first sight beim erften Slnblicf.
atheist ®otte§öerIeugner.
attack Stngriff.
attempt 5ßerfu(^.
attend begleiten; beitoo^nen.
attention 'Slufmerffamfeit.
attract an^ie^en.
audacity ^ii^n^eit.
author ^erfaffer.
authorities Wlad^tifabev ; ^Beamter.
avail nü^en.
avenge räd)en.
average ®urrf)frf)nitt.
avowed o^ne i)e^I.
awaken eriuecfen.
await beöorfte^en ; tuarten auf; er=
luarten. aware (to be) linffen. awful fcf)auerl{^. awkward ungejd)tc!t.
B.
background |)tntergrunb.
bachelor QunggefeE.
baffle Dereiteln.
bag ©act; Safd)e.
banter 9Jecferei.
bar, to be called to the bar al§
5Xbt)o!at gum ^latboljer gugelaffen
loerben. bargain (into the) obenbrein. bask fid) fonnen. bay-tree Sorbeerbaum. beam ftraf)Ien; to b. on someone
Qemanb mit fira^Ienbem Säbeln
empfangen, bear tragen; ertragen, beat fd^Iagen;übenDtnben; dead beat
ganä fd)acf)matt. beg bitten, belongings @ad)en. benevolent iUDf)lmonenb. bereavement 35erluft. beside one's self au^er fic^.
betrothal SSerlobung.
betrothed öerlobt; SSerlobte.
between ourselves unter un§.
bid fair berft)redöen.
bit loenig; ©tüddien.
blank leer.
bleed bluten.
blighting öerntc^tenb ; blight mef)U
t:^au. blissful glüdfelig. block of buildings §äuferüierecf. blood S3(ut. body ^ör|)er. bore langweilen, bowl ©rfiale; S^apf. brain (^e^irn; ©eift; ^opf. brain fever ©e^irnentgünbung. branch ^^^^G- brave tapfer; mutig, bread $8rob. break into, broke, broken, au§=
brecben. break übertreten, breakfast g-rüöftücf. breast S3 ruft. breath Sltemjug. breeze (soft) fanfter SSinb. brief furj bright f)efi. brilliancy ©lang. brink Oianb ; to be on the brink of
im S3egriff fein. build, built, built bauen, building ©ebäube. burdensome laftig. burglar 9?acbtbieb. burn brennen, business ®efd)öft. busy gefd)äftig; üiel befd)äftigt.
C.
call JBcfud) mad)en; rufen.
calm down berufiigen.
candidly offen.
capable fätjtg.
capital famoS; au§ge§eid)net.
caricatui-e ßei-'i'bÜb.
carry tragen.
Wörterbuch.
charge
carry on fortführen.
care ©orge; to take care of ©orge
tragen für. catch one's self up fic^ unterbre^en ;
catch sight of erblidEen. cause <Baä)t; öerurfa^en. ceaseless unaufhörlich, cell Belle, chance ?lu§fic^t ; 3uf alt ; (Gelegenheit;
gjJöglid^feit. change SBed^f el ; SSeränberung,änbern. chambers ^SSo^nung; ß^^^^^^i'^si'^c- chapter Capital, charge S3ef d)ulbigung ; in
unter 5tuffid^t. charm 9?eiä. charming rei^enb. check prüif galten, cheek SSange. cheer aufl^ettern. cheese Ääfe. chief §aupt; §äu|)tling. choir ß|or.
church-bells ßirc^englorfen. churchyard ^trd):^of. circumstances Umftänbe. claim 51nf^3ru(^ ; 6eanf|3ruc^en. clear tiar; reinigen, clergyman ©eiftlic^er. clever flug; gef(i)tdt. clipped gefdjuitten. close eng; close to bid)t an- closely genau, clothes l^Ieibuiiggftücfe. cluster ©trou^c^en; gtueig. coincidence gufammentreffen. comfort 2;roft. commandment ©ebot. common geltiö|nIicE) ; in common ge=
meinfam. commonplace abgebrof d^en ; ®e=
nxetnbla^. communication 9Za(^ric^t ; WlitkU
lung, comparatively t)er^äItni§möJBtg. compensation (Srfa^. completely öoUftänbig. complicity 5!Jlitfcf)uIb. comprehension . SSerftanb ; Segriff . compromised beteiligt.
conceit ©itelfeit; to be eaten up
with conceit ^öd^ft felbftgufrieben
fein, concept S3egriff. concerned, to be concerned in be=
teiligt fein bei. conclusion ©d^Iufe. condition 3wft«nb; fiage. confess benennen; gefte^en. ! confounded t»ertüünf(i)t. I confront gegeniiberftellen. I congenial angenehm. ! congregation' ©emeinbe. connection SSegie^ung ; SBerbinbung. I conscience ®ett)iffen. conscious belrufet. consent einwilligen, considerable beträ(i)tlirf|. constant beftänbig. consult ftcf) beraten mit; ju 9\ate
gießen, contempt SSerad^tung. convenient bequem, converge sufammentreffen. convince überzeugen, colour fyarbe copy ^OfJanuffript. cordially ^erälid). corner @cfe. cottage §äu§d[)en. course Souf; in the course of im
Saufe, courteous 'ööflic^. crave üerlangen. credit ©tauben; to give credit to
®Iauben fd)en!en. crowd out auSbrangen. cruelty ©roufamfeit. cry (5d)rei; D^uf. cynical cl)nifcf).
dainty gierlid}.
dangerous gefä^rlid}.
dark bunfel.
dead beat ganj f^adjmatt.
dearly innig.
dearth SKangel.
6
Wörterbuch.
deathly-lively :^aI6 abgeftorben.
deceive tauften.
deepen bertiefen.
degree ®rab; %c'ü.
delay ^ßergug.
delicate gart.
delicious föftltd).
delig-hted ettt§üdt.
delude l^interge^en.
denial Säugnen.
departure Slbreife.
depths Sütefe.
describe befdireiben.
description SBe[d)rei6intg.
desert Söüfte.
deserve üerbtenen.
desolate eirtfom; üerlaffen.
desperate beräinetfelt.
despotism 3tuang'^errfrf)aft.
dessert 9?ad)ti)d}.
destination 33efttmnuing§ort.
destroy gerftoren; öernid)ten.
destruction 3e^"[ti-^i'ui^Ö-
details (Sin^el^eiten.
detention ^aft.
detest berabjd)eueii.
develope ftd^ entlüicfeht.
devote one's self \id) wtbmen.
devotion (ärgebung.
devotedly, to be devotedly fond of
gärtltc^ lieben, die fterbeit. difficult fd)luer. dimensions ®rö^e. disadvantage ^?ad)teiL discomfort "Unmut ; 9Jcipe()agen. discover entbeden. disease ^ranffieit. disgust (Stel; 5(bfd)eu. disguise SSerfleibung. dislike nic^t mögen, dismiss entlaijen; ablueifen. disprove al§ unuial}v beiueifeu. disreputable einen [d)Ied)ten din]
|abenb; gemein, dog nad)f^üren ; berfolgen. document (Srf)rt[tftüd. dominions $Reid) ; .'perrf(^nft. doom Verurteilen, dormant jd)(afenb; Verborgen.
doubly bo|)^eIt.
dove Staube.
downstairs bie 2;re)D|)c hinunter;
unten, drag gießen ; to drag slowly on Iang=
fam Dergel^en. draw near nä^er treten, draw the line bie ©ren^e §ie^en. drawer (Sd)ublabe. drawing-room ©alon. dreaded gefürchtet, dreadful fc^redltd). dream 2;raum ; träumen, dreary meland)ülifd) ; trübe, dress ftc^ anüetben. drive, drove, driven treiben, drowsy f(^Iäfrig. dull langweilig, duly gebii^renb. dumb ftumm. during iüäi)renb. duty ^^f({d)t; off duty bienj'tfrei. dwelling ^oljnung.
E.
eager eifrig. ear G^r. earn öerbienen. earnestly ernftlid). easy Ieid)t.
ebullition 5(ufiyaUung. eclipse in ben ©chatten ftetten. efface berluifdien. effort 9(nftrengung. else fünft ; anberS. embrace umarmen, embitter verbittern, emphatically mit 9fad)brurf. employment 33efd)äfttgung. empty-headed §otjIfö)3fig. encoiirage ermutigen, engaged Derlobt. engross in 5(nfprud) nef)men. enjoyment ©enu^. enliven aufmuntern, beleben, enormous ungef)euer. enter one's head in ben @iun fommen ; einfallen.
Wörterbuch.
entrance Eingang.
envelope ©ouöert.
envelope bebeden; eintDirfefn.
envy beneiben.
equal gleid)en; Qldä).
escape entfommen; entgc'^en.
escape one's memory entfallen.
escort geleiten.
estimable f(^ägcn§luert.
eve SSorabenb.
even fogar; jelbft; gerabe.
evensong- 9Jad^mittag§= unb Slbenb-
@Dtte§bten[t. evidence ß^ugniS. evident !Iar; augenfc^einlt(^. evil SofeS, evil-doer Übelt^äter. exact genau, examine l^riifen. example Seif|3tef. exceedingly auBerorbentlid). excitable erregbar, excited aufgeregt, excitement 5lufregung. excuse @ntfd)ulbigung ; entfd)ulbigen. executioner «Scharfrichter, exercising'-g-round @jeräier|jla^. exert fid) anftrengen. experience ©rfal^rung. express auSbrüden. expression ?lu§brud. extent 3lu§bel}nung ; to a certain
extent bi§ §u einem getuiffen ©rab. extremity (last) äu^erfle 9^ot.
F.
fact S;^otfad)e.
failure 5D^ifeIingen; ^ä^erfolg,
fain (to be) genötigt fein.
faint fd)lüad).
faithful getreu.
falsehood öüge.
fancy, to have a fancy for eine
S5orIiebe :^aben für. farce ^offe.
fare ^oft; homely fare einfadje Soft. farewell Sebelnoll. fashion SSJiobe; SBeife.
fast flottlebenb.
fate @cf)idfal.
fathom gritnben.
favourite Siebling ; general favourite
allgemein beliebt, fearful furd)tbar. feature ®eftd)t§äitg. feel fii^^Ien ; to feel at home fid)
^dmifd) füllen; to feel out of it
fid) au^gefc^Ioffen fiil^Ien. fellow ^enfd). fiction (Srbic^tung. fiddle ©eige; to play second fiddle
eine untergeorbnete Dbtte fpielen. fight, fought, !ämpfen fought, figure of speech Df^ebeftgur. fill füllen.
finally enblid); fc^Iie^lid). finely fd)ön.
fit in with Raffen gu ; fit for :paffeub. flag erfc^Iaffen. flash aufflammen; leuditen. flatter fc^meidjeln. flavour ^eigefd)mad. flesh ?yleifd). flint Äiefelftein. flippant Icidjtfertig. flood überfluten, flourish blühen, flow (Strom. fluent fliefeenb. flush 91öte. follow folgen, food 5Za:^rung. foolish t^Drid)t. force §iuingen; force open auf=
bred)en. foreigner 5(u§Iänber. forge fc^mieben.
forget, forgot, forgotten bergeffen. fortnight üierge^n t;age. fortune-hunter ©ludgjager. fraud SSetrug. frequent l)äufig. frisk ppfen. furniture Wöhd. future 3w?"nft.
G.
gaily luftig.
8
Wörterbuch.
gain geirinnen.
game Spiel.
gaoler ®efängni§tüärter.
gas-burner ®a§brenner.
gasping !eu^enb.
gaunt £)ager.
genius ©enie.
genuine ed)t.
get up auffte^^en.
gingham ^^atift.
give colour to dnen Slnftxid^ ber
'i3at)r^eit qeben. give way ftd^ gelten laffen; ita(^=
geben, glance f8M; bitden. gleam Bixai)!. glorify öer^errlic^en. glove §anbfd^ub. glow 5föärme; ©lut. good-looking fi^ön ; öon angenelfimen
Slu^ern. good-nature ®ut:^eräig!eit. go on with firf) auf füt)ren ; betragen, gorgeous glän^enb. gossip .^latfd). graciously gnäbig. graphic lebHaft; grapl^ifd^. gravity 2öid)tigfeit ; ©ruft, greet grüf]cn. grey grau, grief Summer, grim grimmig; jdjredlic^. grow, grew, grown tnerben; roai^fen;
grow upon one [idj einreiben bet
iinem. growth Sßad)§tum. grumble murren, guard "^ad^t; bett)ad)en; to keep
guard SSacfie :^alten. guess erraten, guest ®aft.
H.
hand reichen.
hangings 35orf)änge.
happy glüdlid).
harass ^eimfuc^en.
hardly faum; hardly ever feiten.
harmonise ^harmonieren.
hate Raffen.
haunt :^eimfuc^en; befdjäftigen.
heat §i^e.
hectic 6e!tifd^; fieberl^aft.
height ©rijfee; ^ö^e.
help öilfe; cannot help !ann nid)t
umt)tn. helplessness |)iIfIoftgfett. herald üerfünben. hero ^clb. hesitate zögern, hideous ^ä^Iid). hitherto bi§^er. hold |)a(t; ©etoalt. holiday geiertag; f^erten. hollow fio^I. honest e^rlii^. honourable e^ren^aft. hoodwink blenben; täufd)en. hope boffen. horror entfe^en.
hostess SSirtin : bie S)ame be§ §aufe§. hospitable gaftfrei. hour (gtunbe. hover about umfd)li)eben. humdrum langiueilig. hurry eilen, hurried eilig; ftüd)tig.
idler SOcü^tggänger.
ignore überfe^en.
injure fcf)aben.
imaginable benfbar.
imaginary eingebilbet; erfunben.
imagine fid) einbilben.
imitate nacbabmen.
immediately fogteic^.
impassive unbeineglid) ; auSbrudvIo^.
impatiently ungebulbig.
impression (Sinbrucf.
impressionable eine§ (ginbrud^ fäljig.
impressive imponierenb.
imprisonment ®efangenfd)aft.
improve \id} beffern.
improvise au§ bem «Stegreif fpielen.
impunity (with) ftrafIo§.
Wörterbiicli.
incline neigen.
increase üermeOrcu.
incredulity Unglaube.
indignation ©nipörung.
indispensable nnentbet)rltcf).
infancy ^ttnbl^ett.
inflnence (ginfhi^.
informant CliieHe; 33enadH'id)tiger.
information 9?ad)rid)t.
injustice llngeredjtigfeit.
illness J^ranf^eit.
innocent unfdiulbici.
inquiry (to make) fid) erhtnbigen,
instance (for) gum S3et):pie(.
instead anftatt.
institution 9lnftalt.
interfere fid) einmif^en.
interrupt unterbred)en.
interval 3ififd)ent)aufe.
intolerable unerträglid).
introduce eiufüf)ren.
invaluable unid)ä^bar.
involve mit fid) bringen; einfdjlie^en,
inward imieriid).
J.
jest ®d)er5. journey Sffeife. just gerabe; geredit.
K.
keen fd)arf.
keep galten; bef)altext.
keep from abr)alten.
keyboard S^aftatur.
kitb and kin g-reunbc unb 3>enuanbte.
kitten Ä'ät,d)en.
kneel, knelt, knelt fttieen.
knock about ftd) um^ertreiben.
knowledo-e Kenntnis.
L.
labour under feiben on. lack of 9JtangeI an.
late üerftorben; f|)ät.
latent (is) fd)Iummert.
laug-b lad)en.
law ©efel^.
lawn Oiafenpla^.
lay, laid, laid legen.
lay at one's door Sinem bie (Si^ulb
geben, lazy träge.
lead, led, led führen, leave, left, left berlofjen; to get
leave (Srlaubni^ betommen. lectern öefe|3ult. left Iinf§.
lie lügen; lie, lay, lain liegen, light Sid)t. light up aufleuditen. lightening S3Iitiftra|I. likely iua^rfd)emlic^. linger bleiben; goubern. lingering langfam. lip Sippe. lithe ge)d)meibtg. lively lebhaft, long fid) fef)neu. lonely einfam. loose (ofe.
loquacious fd)H)atj§aft. lose, lost, lost öerlieren. loud laut.
lower the voice bie Stimme bämpfen. luckless ungliidHd). lunch gtneites gi'ü^ftücf. lung Sunge. luxury SujuS.
main (in the) im gangen.
make up one's mind fid) entfc^Iie^en ;
gur Älar^eit fommen. make much of lüert galten; freunb=
lid) empfangen, manage fertig bringen; gelingen, manager SSerinalter. management ^e^anblung. manner 3(rt unb SSeife. ! marriage ipei^at. marry getreten.
10
Wörterbuch.
match Partie.
matter <Sad^e.
matter of fact X^atfac^e.
material ©toff.
maturity 3^cife.
master ^au^l^err.
mean beabfic^tigen; bor^abcn.
meanwhile unterbeffen.
meddlesome aufbringlid).
meerschaum 9}ieer)"c^aum=^feiffe.
meet, met, met Begegnen; treffen.
meeting- 3itfimmen!unft.
member 'ij^itglieb.
memory ®ebäc^tni§.
mention ermäl^nen.
mere bIo§.
message 5tuftrag; Sotfdiaft.
migrate iiberfiebeln.
mighty mäc£)tig.
mind ©eift; SSerftanb; ®emüt.
mindful of eingeben!.
mischief Unl^eil.
miserable elenb.
misery (Slenb.
misunderstanding 5!Jtifet)erftänbnt§.
mix with öeile^ren mit.
mockery §o^n; (g^ott.
monad SKonabe; ba§ fleinfte Sebe=
niefen. monotony Sintönigfeit. mood (Stimmung mortal «Sterblid^er. motion Setüegung. mournful traurig, movement SSetüegimg. •music-stool ^laljierftul^I. murmur murmeln; flüftern. muse na(i)ben!en. muster §ufammenbrtngen. mutter murmeln, mutual gegenfeittg. mystery ®e§eimnt§.
N.
narrow eng^ergig; eng; be)ci^rän!t. need nötig |aben. neighbourhood ®egenb. neighbourly nac^barlid^.
newspaper 3ci^"i^9- nonchalance 9^ad^Iäfftg!ett. nonentity ^fJit^tigfett. noteworthy bemerlengwert. notice Slufmerffamfett notion Qbee; Segriff. novelist 9tomanf(^retber. now-a-days ^eutgutage. nuisance (what a !) trie unangcttc'^m !
0.
obscure bunfel.
occupy befc^äfttgen.
occur to einfallen.
occurrence SSorfommen; is of fre- quent 0 !ommt f)änfig bor.
odd feltfam.
odour ®uft.
offence SSerge^en.
offer of marriage |)eirat§antrag.
officious aubrtnglid).
open offen; in the open air tm freien.
opinion ^Ketnung.
opportunity ©elegenl^ett.
oppress bebriiden.
orange-coloured orangenfarbene.
order SSefe^I.
ordinary gemöfinlid).
origin Urfprung.
orphan SSatfe.
ought foUte.
out and out burd) unb burc^.
outer allien; äußere.
over-tired übermübet.
overwhelm überwältigen.
owe öerbanten; fdjutben.
P.
pace langfam ge^en.
pacify beruhigen.
page ^age.
pain ©c^merj; painful fd^mergltd^.
paint malen.
pant feueren.
parish Ätrd)fpiel.
Wörterbuch.
11
particular gigentümlic^fett.
particularly befonber§.
partly teitoeije.
party ©efeüfd^aft.
pass for gelten al§; pass off for
geltenb machen al§; pass down
linuuterge^en. passion 3Öt:n; Seibenfrfioft. passively o^^ne SSiberftanb. patch ^lec!. path ^fab. pause {nne!§alten. peal läuten, perceive bemerfen. perfect öolüommen. persistent ^artnäcfig. pervade burc^bringen. picture $Stlb. picturesque malerifcf). pillow Äopfüffen. pious fromm, pity 50^ttleib. placid fanft; rul^tg. play second fiddle eine nnterge=
orbnete dioUt f|)telen. pleasantly freunblitf). please gefallen. pleased erfreut, pleasure SSergnügen. plenty of Dtel. plot SSerfcEjraörung. poke fun at fic^ luftig machen über. politician ^olitüer. politics ^olitif. popularity SBeltebt^eit. possess befi^en. possessions S3eft|. pour forth au§ftrömen loffen. power Wad}t; Sroft. practise üben, prayer ®ebet. preamble SSorrebe. prefer öoräie^en.
prejudiced (to be) SSorurteile ^egen. premature t)or§eitig. prepare öorbereiten. presence ©egentoart. present ©efc^enf. prey SSeute. proclaim üerfünben.
profess öorgeben.
privileged being- beborgugteS SSefen.
prolonged auSgebe^nt; öerlängeit.
prominent ^erborragenb.
promptly fc^nell; fogleic^.
promising berfpred^enb.
propound a question eine forage
flellen. prone geneigt, prop ftu^en. prospect"^ 9iu§ftc^t. prosperous angenehm; gebei^lid^. provide 0 erf or gen. provincial place ^robtnjialftabt. provisions Seben§mittel. puppy |)ünbcE)en. purity ^etnl)ett. purpose 3^e(f. put a stop to ein ©nbe madden.
quality (£igenfcf)aft. queer fonberbar; feltfam. question ^^rage.
R.
race ©ef^tec^t.
rack one's brains fic^ ben 5lopfäer=
bre^en. radiant ftra^Ienb. raise ergeben, ransack plünbern. rap flopfen. rapidity (SdineHtgfeit. rarely feiten, rave about (someone) bernarrt fein
in; fd)tiiärmen für. reach erretct)en; to reach home 5U
§aufe anfommen. readily beretttoillig. readiness SereittoiKigfeit. ready to hand bet ber ^anb. realise ftd^ üertüirf Iid)en ; ftc^ üor--
fleHen. really toirHic^. reason ®runb ; SSernunft ; to reason
with §ur SSernunft bringen.
12
Wörterbuch.
recall ^urürfrufeu.
receive errjaüen.
reckoning- 9?eii)nung.
rector^farrer :3n^abev etner^frünbe.
rectory ^^fan-^au§.
recognise erfenixen.
recognition(ärfennung;5(nerfeunung.
reflect nad)ben!en.
refreshment @r[rifd)uni].
refuse fid) tueigern; abfa]Iagen.
regret iüebauern; bebauern.
relation ißertuanbte; löejietjxmg.
release 33efreiung.
relief (£r(ei(f)teruug.
reluctance ^ifötberroillen.
remark 33emerfung ; benter!en.
remember fid) eLinneni.
remembrance (Erinnerung.
remind erinnern.
remorse 9kue.
remove fDrtfdjaffen.
repeat tr)ieberf)oIen; Ijerfagen.
reply eninebern.
repose 9vu^e.
reputation 5Ruf.
require erforbern; berlangen.
resentment (Smpfinblidifeit; 3Sibev=
tütUen. resident intV^nljaft. resist fid) tütberfe|en; U)iberftel)en. resolve (I-ntfd)Iuß; eniid)ÜeBen. resort S^erfammlungSort. respect (in every) in jeber S3e=
äte^ung. respectable achtbar, responsible üerantiuortlidj. rest 9iu^e; übrige, restless ruf)eIo§. restore luieber^erfteUeu. restriction (£infd)ränfung. retort berb antiDorten. retreat (to beat a) hm 9iürf,^ug an=
treten, return gurüdfe^ren. reveal offenbaren, reverse Gegenteil, review Diesenfion; 93eurteilung. ridiculous läd)erltd). ring- läuten; ütngeln. roar £ärm; Srüüen.
roars of laughter laute^ (V)clild)ter. rough rau^.
rule (as a) in ber S^e^el. run after (a person) fid) nnt femanb reiben.
S.
sad traurig.
safe ftd)er.
sailor ^Otatrofe.
sake, (for the — of) mil — willen.
satisfaction 23efriebigung.
saying @|}rtd)it)Drt.
science 2Biffenfd)aft.
scornful l)öt)nifd).
scrap ©titddjen. I scoundrel Sd)urfe. I search nnterfnd)en. ! seize upon greifen ; in 53cfd)(ag
nehmen. I seli-reg-arding felbft beobad)tenb. 1 sense (Sefü^I ; senses ©inne.
sensible berniinftig.
separate trennen; einzeln.
sermon ^rebigt. I serpent @d)Iange.
service ©otteSbienft. ' set Partie; Spiel.
settle down fid) nieberlaffen.
shade @d)atten; @d)attirung.
shake hands with bie §anb fd)rttteln.
shame @d)anbe. I share Xeil ; 5tntei(.
sheet of paper ^apierbogen.
sheltered gefd)ü^t.
shiver i^ittern; fd)anbern.
shock @d)(ag.
shocking entfei^Iid). j shortcoming's S^erfäuiuniffc.
shred %aitv.
shrug one's shoulders bie 5(d)fet j ^iiden.
shuifle fortiercn. I shudder fd)aubern. j sift fieben ; auöfDrfd)en. I sigh ©eufi^er. I significant bebeutungöboll. I silence ©title.
Wörterbuch.
13
silky fetbenartig.
simile ®Iei{^nt§.
similar ä^nltc^.
sincere aufricf)tig.
skillfully gej^icÜ.
slander SSerleumbung,
slight leidet; gering.
slow langjam.
small talk ®e:(3lauber.
smile Säd)eln; lä^eln.
smoke 9?Qud^; raupen.
soh @cf)Iu(^äen; jd)Iud)5en.
sociable gefeHig.
sole einzig.
solemn feierlii^.
solitary einfom.
solitude ©infamlett.
sorry betrübt; I feel sorry c§ t|ut
mir leib. soul Seele, sound ^long. spasmodic fram^f^aft. special befonbere. spectacles S3rtIIe. speech 9?ebe.
spend öerbringen; ausgeben, spinster alte Jungfer, spirit ßebi^aftigfeit. spite (in — of) tro^. spoil öerberben. spread berbreiten. square SSierecf. stage (Stabium; ©tufe. stained glass farbtge§ ®Ia§. stamp ftempeln. startle erfc^redEen. State 3"ftanb; Staat, stay with someone gu bauernbetn
5öefucö bei jemanb fein, steadily ftetig. steal into fid^ etnf^Ieid^en. steep tau(^en. Step Schritt, sting <Büä); fted^en. stir fid^ rü:§ren. stone Stein, stool Sc^entel. stout ftarf ; biä. Strange befrembenb. strangle eriuürgen; erfliden.
straw Stro^.
Stretch be'^nen; ftreden.
strength ^raft.
stride f(^reiten.
striking auffallenb.
string up :§ängen; errängen.
strong ftarf.
stupid einfach; etnföltig.
subject (Segenftanb; subject to fail
bem S^-'i-'tiint untertDorfen fein. success (Srfolg. succeeding folgenb. sufficient genügenb. suggest eingeben; t»orf(^Iagen. summon 9^uf; rufen, sunny fonntg. sunshine Sonnenfd^ein. superfluity Überftu^. suppose öorauSfe^en; Vermuten, surface Dberfläd)e; oberfIäd)üd). suspect öerbäc^ttgen. suspense Spannung. swivel-chair ®re^ftu]§I.
T.
take took, taken mieten; nehmen; take for granted annehmen; to take up a person jemanb gut aufnet)men, freunblid) em^jfangen; take for fjalten für; to be taken up with erfüllt fein bon ; take in good part gut aufnehmen; take place ftattfinben ; take in betrügen, hintergehen; take advantage of ma^rne^men; take leave ftc^ öer= abfd)ieben.
tale (£r5ät)Iung.
talk Unter:^altung ; reben.
talkative rebfelig.
tap flo^jfen, (janft).
teach, taught, taught, letjren, unter= richten.
teacher Se^rer; üe^rerin.
tear X^räne.
tedious langioeilig.
temper ^äfiäorn; §eftig!eit.
to keep one's temper fid) be^errfd)en.
temperament ®emüt§üerfaffung.
14
Wörterbuch.
tenfold se^nfocE).
tent Belt.
tentatively berfurf)§lüetfe.
terrace S^eraffe.
terrestrial irbifd).
thought ©ebante.
thoughtful gebanfenöoK.
thrive gebei^en.
throat "|)al§.
throw, threw, thrown werfen.
thump fd)Iagen.
thundering bonnernb.
tone down ^erabftimmen ; bäm^fen.
tongue 3wnge.
topic ©egenftanb ber llnter^Itung.
torrent Strom.
toss toerfen.
touch berühren.
trance ©tarrfud^t ; tobätinlii^er
(5d)Iaf. transgress übertreten, travel reifen, treasonable öerräterifc^. treat ^eft. tremble gittern, trouble Wllü^t; «Sorge, troubled beunruhigt, truckle-bed 9?oIIbett. trust ^ off en; trauen, truth SSa^r^eit. try üerfuc^en. trying angretfenb. type-writer ©d^reibmafi^ine.
U.
unconscious unberou^t.
under age unmiinbig.
understand, understood, understood
öerfte^en. undertone leife. unenterprising bon wenig Unter=
nepmung§geift. unfair unbiütg; ungerecht, ungrateful unbantbar. unintellectual nici)t geiftig ; ni^t in=
telligent. universal allgemein. unlucky unglüdlic^.
unprincipled getniffenloS. unscrupulous ungeraiffen'^att. unselfishness ©elbftlofigfeit. unsophisticated rein; unfc^ulbig;
unöerfälfc^t. until bi§.
unthought of unöermutet. unutterably unau§fpred)ltd). upright aufrichtig, upstairs oben, urgent bringenb. usher into einführen, utter au§fprec^en.
vague unbeftimmt.
vain eitel; in v. öergeben§.
variety (a — of) Oerfd)iebene.
vastly ungeljeuer.
vehement ^efttg.
vein 3Iber.
venomous giftig.
victim D|}fer.
victory Sieg.
vie wetteifern.
views §lnftd^ten.
vigour Ä'raft.
violate übertreten.
violent f)eftig.
voice ©timme.
vulnerable bermunbbar.
W.
waft tragen (öon ber üuft). wait Warten, wall 3Kauer; SSanb. want of ^Jlangel an. ward SJiünbel. warder ©c^liefeer. waste oergeuben. waste away abmagern, way 2Beg; $3eife. weak fd)Wad). weakness ©d)Wäc^e. weapon 5Baffe. wearisome ermübenb.
Wörterbuch.
15
weather SSetter.
week SSodie.
weep ireinen.
well-meaning gut gewinnt.
whisper flüftern.
white tüei^.
wife x^xau, (g^efrau.
win gewinnen.
wings S^^ügel.
wits, to be at one's wit's end ftc^
tüeber gu raten nod^ gu Reifen
ttiffen. witness 3ew9«^§ ablegen, worn abgemagert, wrong- Unred)t; Unrecht t!^un.
Y.
yew-tree ßbenbaum. young jung.
Anmerkungen und Wörterbuch zu Abraham Lincoln
Bearbeitet von Camilla Hammond.
Anmerkungen.
Chief Magistrate Bezeichnung für den Präsidenten der Vereinigten Staaten. Der Präsident ist die höchste Instanz in Gerichtssachen.
Temperance Movement eine Bewegung, welche die Ahschaffung des Genusses von geistigen Getränken zum Ziel hatte. Diejenigen die sich eidlich verpflichten sich aller solcher Getränke zu ent- halten, werden total ahstainers genannt.
ainH Zusammenziehung von are not (nur der niederen Sprache an- gehörig) hier falsch gebraucht für is not. Richtige Zusammen- ziehungen sind isn't und aren't.
you was häufig vorkommender Fehler bei ungebildeten.
clearing a farm den Urwald ausroden, die Wurzeln ausgraben und das Land zum bebauen vorbereiten, eine überaus schwierige und anstrengende Arbeit.
He became in great demand etc. Er wurde häufig aufgefordert bei diesen Gelegenheiten die Rolle des Unparteiischen zu übernehmen.
was ^'run^^ for the legislature familiärer Ausdruck für eifrigunter- stützen : die Freunde Ls. betrieben seine Wahl auf das eifrigste.
Protective tariff' (Schutzvoll) ein Zoll auf die Produkte anderer Länder, um die einheimische Industrie zu schützen und zu fördern.
polled stammt von poll Kopf; wird für Stimmen bei Wahlen ge- braucht, poll heisst auch der Wahlort und die Stimmenzahl.
WJiig ticket ticket Zettel, Wahlzettel wird auch für Partei ge- braucht. L. gehörte zur liberalen Partei.
Jury trial Verhör vor 12 Geschworenen.
National House of Representatives das Abgeordnetenhaus. Congress besteht aus the National House of Representatives und the Senate.
Abraham Lincoln. 17
Vice-Presidency der Präsident des Senats ist zu gleicher Zeit Vice- President der Union.
Lincoln 'stumpecV the State er hielt Eeden in den verschiedenen Städten und Ortschaften des Staats, 'stnmped' stammt von der Gewohnheit der Volksredner von einem Baumstumpf oder irgend einer andern Erhöhung herab zu sprechen.
Declaration of American Independence die Erklärung der Unab- hängigkeit Amerikas von England, erklärt d. 4. Juli 1776.
apportionment of the legislative districts die Einteilung der Wähler- kreise.
"OW Abe must show his hand^'' ein dem Kartenspiel entnommene]- Ausdruck, er muss zeigen, was für Karten er in der Hand häir = seine wahre Absicht und Meinung als Abgeordneter erklären.
The informal ballot die Vorwahl um die Aussichten der Kandidaten auf die Wahl festzustellen.
pure Adam^s ale reines Wasser, das Getränk der total abstainers: don't in Amerika vielfach gebraucht für doesn't, don't in der dritten Person Einzahl ist ein Sprachfehler.
President elect der schon gewählte aber noch nicht feierlich ein- gesetzte Präsident.
heart and hearthstone hearthstone Herdstein vor dem Kaminfeuer, der Versammlungsplatz der Familie zum gemütlichen Beisammen- sein, daher für Eamilie gebraucht.
laiü for conscription zwangsmässige Aushebung von Truppen.
colured people Neger, schonender Ausdruck. Die Bezeichnung nigger, oder negro, wird von den befreiten Negern als Beleidigung aufgenommen.
Extradition proceedings Vertrag zwischen der unabhängigen Re- gierung der Vereinigten Staaten und dem England gehörigen Canada wegen Auslieferung der flüchtigen Verbrecher, proceed- ings: das gerichtliche Verfahren.
an a technicality wegen eines Formfehlers Irrtum in den technischen Ausdrücken (wahrscheinlich im Haftsbefehl).
Reciprocity Treaty Handelsvertrag zwischen Canada und der Union.
Woe untq_ the ivorld etc. — Ev. Matthäi 18 V. 7. „Wehe der Welt der Ärgernis halben! Es muss ja. Ärgernis kommen; doch wehe dem Menschen, durch welchen Ärgernis kommt."
The judgments of the Lord etc. Psalm 19. V. 10. „Die Rechte des Herrn sind wahrhaftig, allesamt gerecht." II 8
lg Abraliam Lincoln.
This is the Lord^s doing etc. Psalm 118. V. 23. „Das ist vom Herrn geschehen, und ist ein Wunder vor unsern Augen."
"life preserver'''' Bezeichnung einer Patentmedizin , und auch eines kleinen Stocks mit einem mit Blei gefüllten Kopf, der in un- ruhigen Zeiten von vielen Männern als Waffe in der Tasche ge- tragen wurde.
"brealcers ahead" Brandung voraus : = es steht grosse Gefahr bevor.
feller ungebildete Aussprache für fellows Kerle.
Froclamation of Emancipation die öffentliche Verkündigung der Abschaffung der Sklaverei.
Wörterbuch.
abhorrence Slbfc^eu.
ability ^ä^tg!eit.
abolition Slbfc^affung ; 5litf§e6ung.
abolish abjc^ajfen.
abortive tnt|lungen.
abstainer ©trter, ber feine getftigen
®eträn!e trinft. abstain fid^ enf^alten. accomplish üollbringen. accomplished gebilbet. accommodate enthalten, achieve erretd)en. acquit fretfprec^en. actuate antreiben. in addition to baju fornmt. add :^injiifügen. adhere feft^alten. admission ßulaffung ; ©inttitt ; @in=
laffung. advocate Slbbofat. advocacy f^ürf^raifie. affecting rül^renb. affection Sln^ängücftfeit. afford bie 3lu§gabe machen, agitated (to be) aufgeregt fein; be=
megt fein; erregt fein, agitation SCufregung; Söetoegung. aggresser Singreifer, allegiance Sirene (jum SSaterlanb). alive (to be) am öeben fein, alternate abtüecfifeinb. ambition ©^rgeig.
anguish ©^mer^; £luoI. animated by (to be) angefeuert fein
burc^; befeelt bon. appeal 5lnrufung; Sl^pellatton. applicant Setoerber; Sittfteffer. appoint aufteilen, apportionment (Einteilung, appreciable nterflic^. appreciate aner!ennen. apprise benoc^ric^tigen. approbation Sitligung. arbitrary lüiHfürli^. ardour SBärme; ©tfer. arduous fd)tt)ierig. art of penmanship @d^retb!unft. arithmetic Sfed^nen. ascribe to gufd^reiben. aspect 5tnblicf; 5lu§fe§en. aspirations Streben, assail angreifen, assuage linbern. assume annel^men; übernehmen, astonishing erftaunlid^. attitude Stellung. attributes ©igenfi^aften. auspices (ScE)u|; Seitung. autumn ^erbft. authorize beauftragen, axe 5(jt.
B.
ballot SBa^Hugel; burc^ SSa^fuget
ftimmen. banish berbannen.
8*
20
"Vs örterhucli.
banner 'iyaijm.
barefooted barfiiB-
bark 9imbe (be§ Saume«); bellen.
basis ©runblac^e.
battle ecfila^t.
begnile abjie^en ; ,^erftreuen.
belie Siige fttnfen.
belong gehören.
beneficent inofilt^ättg.
benefactress SSolltbtlterin.
besiege belagern.
beverage ©eträn!.
bill ©e^'efeentrourf.
birthplace rskburt§ort.
boast fid] rufjinen.
bob-tailed fur§: flu^fdimänäig.
boisterous färmenb.
bond Sanb; bondage Süaterei;
^n edit jd] aft. border ©rcn^e. born geboren, borrow borgen, box Soge.
brandish fd)n)ingen. breakers 55ranbimg. bribe Sefted)ung; beflecken, brighten erfreuen; aufheitern, broils Streit; 3^1^^- brush (to have a — with) 'Bä)ax-
mü^el; ^ampl burden 33iirbe; Saft.
cabinet 9iat§öerfainmlung ; ?(}itni=
ftertum. calm ru^ig. candidate Seroerber. candour Cffen^eit. care (gorge.
cart barren; gii^^iuer!. cast (a vote) flimmen. cease aufboren, cent '/loo Dollar, century ^fi^i'^unbert. cemetery g-rtebbof. certain geiDt^ ; fic^er. cessation '^Xufbbren. challenge öeraueforberung ; pr
JRec^enfdjaft sieben.
charity Siebe.
charred oerfof^lt.
cheers g-reubenfd)rei ; S3it)at§.
cherish l^flegen. j chief, chieftain öäu|3tltng. I choice ^Sa^L ! copy (Srem^Iar; ?tbbilb.
chol'd ^Cfforb; eotte.
choose, chose, chosen rjäglen.
citizen 53ürger.
civil affairs (Xiöüangelegenbeiten.
civilised cioififiert.
civil war Siirgerfrteg. i client dlient; 'Scbü^iuig. I coerce ?,iiiingcn; etnfd)ränfen. j coffin ©arg. i combine Derbinbeu.
comical fomifd).
commend one's self fid) empfehlen.
commit begeben.
company ®efeüfd)aft.
compare üevg(eid]en.
comparative üerbältniSmä^tg.
complain fidi beflageu.
complexion G)eftd)t§farbe.
complication ^^«enntdelung.
compose §uf ammonfe^en : compose the quarrel ben Streit fd)(iditen.
composition 3iifammenfteüung.
conceive benfen.
concession 3wgeftänbni§.
concise fur a; bünbig.
concourse 9Jienge.
condolence JÖeileib.
conduct rubren.
confer with ftdi beraten.
confidence 3"ti-"aiieii ^ 35ertrauen.
conflict ^ampf: (gtreit.
conqueror Sieger.
conscientious gewiffen^aft.
consecrate einmeiben.
consequently folglid).
consistency Sonfequenj ; t^olgeric^tigs feit.
console tr often.
conspicuous ftd)tbar; beutlid).
constitute au§ma(^en.
construct aufrid)ten; bauen.
consuming öer^^e'^renb.
contemporary 3eit9eno^.
Wörterbuch.
21
contest Streit. convene äufommenrufen. convention SSerfammlung. conviction Überführung ; Uber=
jeugung. cost f often; costly toftbar. counsel ^Iböofot. course of proceedings SSerfal§rung§=
ort; SJiaferegeln. courtesy |)öfU(i)feit. cradle SBiege. credit to (£^re maiden, creditable anftönbig ; aner!ennung§=
trert. crumb ^rume. crushing- äermalmenb.
».
dag'g-er S)dI(^.
dealings with Umgang ; ^anbeln mit.
debate Debatte; beratfdilagen.
decline abfdilagen; abnehmen.
deed Xf)at.
dedicated to gemibmet.
defend berteibigen.
deliberate überlegen.
deliver überliefern; befreien.
demonstrate barlegen.
denounce anflogen; ongeigen.
designated genannt.
despatches ^rieffcEiaften.
destined beftimmt.
detachment 2)eta(^ement; 5lbteilung; Kompagnie.
determination® ntfcfilu^ ; @ntfd)Ioff en= ^eit.
detract from abjie^ien.
devolve upon anheimfallen ; it de- volves upon you e§ ift an S^nen
3« — devour berfd^Iingen. digest »erbauen.
dint (by — of) bermittelfl; burrfi. discomposed au^er f^affung; ber=
mirrt. discussion (grörterung. dishonourable unehrenhaft, dismiss eutlaffen.
display entfalten; barlegcn. dissatisfied unjufrieben. dissolve auflöfen. distance Entfernung, distinguished au§geäet(^net. j distracted jerftreut ; au|er fid^. divide teilen, doom tjerurteilen. drill eferjieren. drop faüen; fallen laffen. dubious smeifel^aft.
E.
early frü^.
editor 9tebafteur.
education Silbung; (Sr§ie!§ung.
effective mtrffam.
emancipation ^Befreiung.
emblem ©innbilb.
embrace umarmen.
emerge :^erau§treten.
empty leeren; leer.
elector SSafiler ; Stimmberechtigte ;
elect raä^Ien. eloquent berebt. enclosure ©in^egung ; einge!§egte§
©runbftücf. endearing liebfofenb; gärtlid^. endorse überf cf)reiben ; inboffteren. endure au§:^alten. endwise ba§ (£nbe §uerft. engagement ®efect)t; engaged in
befd)äftigt mit. enlighten erleuchten, enlist fic^ al§ ©olbat antr erben laffen. enslaved unterjocht, ensue folgen, enthusiastic begeiftert. epithet S3einam'e. erase au§rabieren; bertilgen. erect aufrecht; bauen; errid^ten. essential toefentlid^. esteem §o^ac^tung. estimable fd}ä^en§tüert. event @reigni§. example SSeifpiel. excel übertreffen. exemplify burc^ S3eif:piele erläutern.
22
Wörterbuch.
exertion 9Inftrengung. excess Übermaß, excessively übermäßig, express train @(^nell§ug. expire fterben ; eiiofi^en. extant öor^anben.
extradition ^lu§Itefentng bon $8er= brediern.
fabrication ©r^eugung. facile Ietd)t; lenffam. fairmindedness aie^tf^affen^ett ; to
fall in (with) J)tnetn geraten ; an=
treffen; zusammentreffen. familiar betannt.
far meit; far away look abntefenb. farmer ^äc^ter; ®ut§beft^er. favour (to be in) bei (gtnem in ©unft
fielen; to be ont of favour in
IXngnabe gef offen fein, feat X^at.
fees So'^n; ^onorar. felicity ©lücffeltgfeit. fence ^aun. fertile frud)tbar. fervent lüarm. figures 3G^ieiir ©eftalten. files Elften.
fit of humour luftige Stimmung. fit out au^ftatteu. fix feftfe^en; befeftigen. flatter f^meii^eln. fiee, fled, fled entfliegen, foe getnb. forensic gerichtlich, foreshadow üor^erbebeuten. forfeit üerluftig tüerben. formidable furd)tbar. framework ©infaffung. frankly offen. fundamental ®runb. furnish barbieten.
i^
gallant ^ofltd); galant, gallows 6)algeu.
gap (5|)alt; muft,
gateway Si^oriüeg.
gigantic riefen^aft.
gleaming glangenb.
glory ^errlidjteit
gradual attmäl^Iid).
grant getuö^ren.
gratitude ®an!barfeit.
grog-shop 83ranntiüeinlaben ; fleine^
«föirtÄ^auS. ground ©runb; (Srbe; S3oben. guarantee üerbürgen. guilty fd)utbig. gun ®euie{)r.
H.
hail begvüBen; anrufen, hallow weitien. hat §nt. hawk 4'»ibid)t. hearthstone ^^erbftein. hew, hewn I)auen. history SBettgefd)id)te. homely einfad). honesty (£-()vüd)teit. horseback (on) gu ^^ferb. hostilities g-einbfeltgfeiten. household goods .^auSrat. huge ungeheuer, humanity ^:)}tenfd)Iid)!eit. humble niebrig.
identify tbentiftgieren.
illustration ^f^uftration ; S3erül)mt=
mad)ung. inauguration ©infe^uug ; ^iufii^rung
in ein 5tmt. incense SBet^raudi; entriiften. incident SSorfaff. incipient begiunenb. incite antreiben, incorporate einverleiben, incredible unglaublid]. indifference ®leid)gültig!eii. indite Derflagen. indivisible unteilbar.
Wörterbuch
indulge in ftc^ ergeben, inexpressible unauSf^rec^ßc^. inquire fragen, inscription ^nft^rift. insight @tnfirf)t. installation ©infe^ung. instance Seif^iet. instruct unterrichten, insurrection Slufftanb. integrity 9te(^tfd)affent)eit. intemperance Unmäfetgteit. internal innere; inlänbtfc^. intervening ba§n)tfd)en!omntenb. interview Unter rebung. intuitive anjdiauUd). ' invariable unüeränberlirf). invention ©rfinbung. irreparable untüiberruflirf). irritation ©rbttterung; gntrüftung. issue ?Iu§gang.
Journal ßettfdjrift. joy ^-reube. judge Ü^tc^ter. judgment Urteil.
juncture S^erbtnbung ; 5ßeretnigung§= puntt.
key Xonart
keynote 6d)Iüffel (in ber 9Jiuftf). kindred ^ertuanbtfdjaft. knoll §ügel.
L.
lament befingen.
lauk jd)Iid)t.
largemindedness i^^oc^^erjigfeit.
lash ^eitfc^e, 9?ntl)e.
last bauern.
law-court ®eri(^t§^of.
lawyer ^urift.
leader f^ü^rer; Setter.
legal gefe^mä^ig.
legislature gefe^gebenber ^ör|?ev;
O^egierung. lengthy lang toä^renb. liberty 5ret|ett. limit ©renge; ^äpcanU. line ©renjltnie. linked öerbunben; öerfettet. linsey-wolsey l^albtooIIeneS S^n^- liquor ftarte§ ©etränt. live leben; tuo^nen. loath öembjc^euen. locality Örtltd)feit. located Sage ^aben. log cabin ^torf^an§. loggerheads (to set at) Unfriebeu
ftiften 5tt)i[c^en. logical logtfd^. lot So§. low-crowned mit niebrigem Soben.
M.
magistrate 9)togiftrat§|3erfon.
magnanimity ©ro^mnt.
maintain erhalten; Derfei^ten.
majority SSlttji^aijL
Maker @c£)i3pfer.
malice ^og^eit-
manifestly offenbar.
manoeuvre ^Bewegung; 5Serfaf)ren.
marauding pliinbernb.
mark (to make one's) (Srfolg er=
ringen, marking begeic^nenb. marvellous lüunberbar. measles 9J?afern. measure Wa'Q; 5?Za^regeI. memorable ben!lDÜrbtg. mighty mad)tig. mingle mifi^en. minister ®eiftlid)er; 'O^Kntftei-. missive ©enbfc^reiben ; Srief. momentous Und) tig. moon SlJlonb.
moulder away jerftnuben. mourn trauern, move überfiebetn; um§ie^en. muffler ntoIleneS |)al§tud). murder SDJorb. mutual gegenfeittg.
24
Wörterbuch.
narrate ergällen.
nasal feature 9?Qfe.
native (Sinfleborne; einl^eimi|d}.
necessity ^otiuenbigteit.
neg-ociations Unterl)anblungen.
negro SfJeger.
noble ebel.
nobly in ebler 2Seife.
nomination Ernennung.
notably merfiDUrbigertDeije.
0.
oath (Jib.
obligation $8erpflirf)tung. obscure öerbunfeln. obscurity SSerborgen'^eit. observance ©ebraucf); ©itte. official amtlic^; office Slmt. onerous befd)tx)erUd). opening- SSafons; Einfang, original itrfprünglirf). outline llmri|. ovation Dbatton; |)iilbigung. over-coat llberrorf. override gu 9Jic^te madien: ®d)anbe machen.
pale bias.
paltry erbärmltrf) ; j(^Ied^t. party gartet; ^erfou. passage ®ang; 3^at)X"t. patent patent; offenbar, patience ®ebulb. pay Sega|^Iung. peace grieben peacemaker griebenftifter. peculiar fonberbar; befonbere. pencil 33Ieiftift. perform öerridjten. performance Sluffit^rung. permanent bauernb ; beftönbig. perpetrate begef)en; öerüben. perpetual unauf^örlirf).
I perpetuity immeriüä'^renbe 2)auer.
picturesque malerifd^. I pile 'Raufen ; oufl^äufen.
pilot lootfen.
pioneer $iDnier SSorläufer ; Siner,
ber ben 2Beg frei mac^t. I pitcher ^rug.
\ pleading- SSerteibigung Dor ®erid)t. i pleasantry «Si^erg. I pledge ^fanb; ftc!^ tjerbiirgen für. ; poet ®irf)ter.
point of view ©tanbjjunft. I poll SSo^^lort ; ©timmenga^I. j policy ^olttit.
I portend borbebeuten ; oerfünben. I position ©tettung ; Sage. ■ positively beftimmt.
posterity 9'Jarf)!ommenfd)aft.
precise genau.
precipitate befcEjIeunigen.
precocious altflug.
pre-eminent ^eröorragenb.
preserve beinatiren.
pressure ®rucf.
presume öorau§fe^en ; luagen.
previous oor'^ergefenb.
pride ©tolj.
principal f)au)Dtfä(^ti(^. äu principle ®runbfa|.
privilege SSorred^t.
probity 9?ebli(i)fett.
proclamation SSerfünbigung.
profane frebelnb; freöel^aft.
profound tief.
prognostication SSor^erfagung.
progress gortfc^ritte.
projected beabftc^tigt.
prolong berlangern.
prophecy ^rol^T^eäet^ung.
proportion $ßer^ältnt§; Otegel de Sri.
propose üorfdjlagen.
proposition $8orfd)Iag.
proprietor Seft|er.
prosecution of the war bie S-ort= fefeung be§ ^rtege§.
protect fdiilt^en.
protective fd)üfeenb.
publish beroftentlidien.
pupil (5d)üler; gögting.
Wörterbuch.
25
quick jcfineCt. quiet ruf)ig. quite gaiij.
B.
raid 9iaubäug.
rail duer^olg.
rank 9tang.
ratify 6e[tätigen.
reasonably üernünftigerweife,
rebuke einen 58enüei§ geben ; tabeln.
recent unlängft; eben erft gefdje^en.
reciprocity ©egenfettigtett.
recite ^erfagen; Dortragen.
record ®e|ii)t(^te.
recreation ©rbolung.
reduce üerminbern; einnehmen.
refer [lä) begießen.
refusal SSeigernng.
refrain from ftd) "ent^atten.
register S5er^eid)ni§.
reiterate lüieber^olen.
reliance SSertrauen.
reluctant mtberftrebenb.
rely on ftc^ Derlaffen ouf.
remonstrate Sßorftellungen machen.
renew erneuern.
representative ©tellöertreter.
resident tnobnfiaft; ^BeiDobner.
respected geadUet.
respite begnabigen.
resolution (gntfrf)Iufe; Üiejolution.
resort to feine ^^^f^wc^t nebmen ^u.
restitution g^^^'ücfgabe ; ^teberer=
ftattung. restoration 3Sieber^er[te](Iung. retaliation SBieberDergeltung. retirement ^urücfge^ogen^eit. retribution S?ergeltung. revel in ftrf) freuen an. revere öerebren. rererence (£^rfurd)t. review |)eerfd)au; unterfu^en. revoke luiberrufen. revolt ©mbörung. revulsion %b^itt)m; Umfc^Iag. ride reiten.
rig-hteous geredet, riot 5Iufrubr. robbery dtauh. rock f^relfen. rude rau^; unpflic^. rug-g-ed ran. ruler ^errjc^er. rupture örucb-
S.
sacred ^etlig.
save retten.
saviour Otetter; (Sriöfer.
scale (on a grand) nac^ großem
scarce feiten.
scatter jerftreuen.
scheme ^^lan.
Scriptures beiltge @(^rift.
score giüanjig ©tücf.
scourge ©et^el.
seal ©iegel; öerfiegetn.
Secretary of War SlriegSmintfter.
secure fiebern.
seizure S3eft^no^me.
sensitive embftnbung§fä^ig.
sentiments ©efii^Ie.
series 3?ei^e.
settle feftftelTen.
shadow @d)atten.
shanty |)ütte.
shape ®efta(t.
shine, shone, shone fc^einen; glänäen.
shirt §emb.
shoot, shot, shot erf^ie^en.
shout fdjreten; rufen.
shrink, shrank, shrunk from 3urücE= beben öor.
simplicity (gtnfac^bett.
singularly eigen; fonberbarerweife.
slab |)oIä:pIatte ; ©teinblatte.
slain (to slay, slew) erfd)Iagen.
slave ©flaoe.
sleeping-car ©c^Iafmaggon.
slender f(^Ianf.
snatch greifen; fortreiten. j snow (Schnee. I solicit anfudien ; bitten. I solemnity g^eierlic^tett.
26
Wörterbuch.
speedily fcfjuell.
spelling-book f^ibel.
split fpalten.
spot ©telle.
start fair in gleidier SSeife anfangen.
starting- erfcf)rec!enb.
state auSfagen; «Staat.
statement ?(n«fage.
statesman Staatsmann.
step (5rf)ritt; ©tufe.
stigmatise branbmarfen.
stock SSorrat.
store Saben_; SSorrat.
strain t)oä) fpannen.
strive, strove, striven ftreben.
stump of a tree S3anm[tnmpf.
subscribe Beitragen.
subsequent folgenb.
subside nad)Iaffen; abnehmen.
suggest eingeben ; in ben ©inn geben.
suicidal felb[tt)ernic^tenb.
superintend bie Dberaufftc^t ^^aben.
support unterftü^en; galten.
supreme l)'öii}\t.
surrender fid) ergeben; Übergabe.
surroundings Umgebung.
surveyor g-elbmeffer.
sustain au§:§alten; ftüfeen.
swarthy bunfel.
sword ©(^ttjert.
swore (swear, — , SAVorn) fd^Juören.
tariff gofltarif.
technically ted^nifcE).
temperance SDiä^igteit; @nt^altfam=
feit, tempest Sturm, tenaciously be^arrlid). tender anbieten, tenderness 3ärtücf)feit. tending to baju geeignet; baju bei=
tragenb. termination ©nbe. terms of service ®ien[tbebingungen ;
— of peace g-riebengbebingungen. territory ©ebiet; Sanbftrid). terseness ^iirge. test prüfen.
testify bezeugen.
testimony 3eit^ni§.
thoroughly gritnblidj.
threat S)ro^ung; threaten broken.
ticket gSa^Iäettel ; ^artei.
tight place (to be in a) in ber klemme
fein, tireless uncrmüblicb. toastauf iemanbe§ ©efunb^eit trinfen. total Xotalfumme; gänäÜd^. touching riil^renb; ergreifenb. trade |)anbel; ®ett)erbe. transfer Übertragung; übertragen, treacherous treulos, tremulous gitternb. trial Sßerl^ör; Prüfung. tribune 3^ebnerbül)ne. tribute 2;ribut; 5lbgabe. truthful it)a:^rf)eit§Iiebenb. tumbler SSafferglaS.
U.
ultimately fd)IieBIic^- umpire Un|3arteifd)e. unanimous einftimmig. uncontrolable uubef)errfc^bar ; un=
wiberfte^Iic^. uncouth ungefd)Iad)t. ungainly linfifd).
uninspired nid)t üon (S)ott begeiftevt. union SSereinigung. unknown unbefannt. unrequited unbelo^nt. unswerving nnberaeglid) ; nie ab=
meic^enb. uprightness 5lufrid)tigfett. urge in ginen bringen, usual gelübl^nlid). utilise nufebar madien; anlrenben.
value 2Bert.
vindicate red)tf ertigen ; üerteibigen.
vindictiveness 9{ad)fud^t.
virtue S'ugenb.
virtually eigentlich.
visitation |)eimfud}ung.
vividly lebhaft.
"Wörterbuch.
27
volley <SaIt»e; Sabung; StuSbrui^.
volunteer ^yreiwillige.
vote ftimmen; 3gat)Iftimme abgeben.
W.
waiter ©erüierbrett.
warrant SSer^aft§befer)I ; S5oIImad)t.
Avave fd}Jüen!en.
well-to-do it)of)lt)abenb.
whites bie SSei^en.
widely juett.
widow SBitlüe.
wield Ijanbtjaben; fdiwingen.
Wilds 2gilbni§.
wire S)ra^t.
wiry (arm) bürr; nertoig. woe Seö; Setben. worth 5ßert; loert. Avorthy tüürbig. wreak augüben. wrestle ringen.
youth güngUng; S«9enb. yoke (of oxen) ®ej|)ann.
Z.
zeal (gifer.
Lippert & Co. (G. Pätz'sche Buchdr.), Naumbixrg a/S..
Ein Werk, das in die Hände jedes deutschen Mädchens, ja in jedes Haus kommen sollte, ist
Das Margareteilbuch.
Eine Erzählung aus Lothringen
von
Th. von Saldern.
15. u. 16. Aufl. Gebd. Mk. 5,— mit Goldschn. Mk. 6, - , Pracht- Ausgabe^ mit 12 Illustrationen Mk. 10, — .
„Diesem allseitig* bekannten von Jahr zu Jahr in seinem Absatz steig-enden Buche empfehlende Worte zu widmen, ist nicht nötig-, ist dasselbe doch ein Lieblingsbuch der Mädchen geworden, das auch die älteren Familieng-lieder mit Vergnügen und Interesse lesen werden."
The Margaret-Book.
A Legend of Lorraine
by
Th. von Saldern.
Translated from the German for young readers.
Eleg. geb. mit Goldschnitt Mk. 6.—.
Dass das Margaretenbuch ins Englische übertragen worden ist, darf als eine Anerkennung- angesehen werden, wie sie wenig deutschen Büchern auf dem Gebiete der Jugendlitteratur zuteil geworden ist, da die englische Litteratur so reich an guten Werken ist.
Die Bücher können durch alle Bachhandlungen bezogen werden.
Wolfenhüttel. JuHuS Zwisslßr.
^of, TT cc:l)li
Im Verlage von Julius Zwissler in Wolfenbüttel ist ferner erschienen und wird zu Schulprämien und für die Schulbibliotheken empfohlen:
Emanuel Geibels
Leben, Werke und Bedeutung
für das deutsche Volk
von
Lie. Dr. Carl Leimbach.
Zweite sehr vermehrte und neubearbeitete Auflage
von
Max Trippenbach.
== Mit 8 Bildern. z=i=
In Leinwand gebunden Mk. 6. ■ .
„Seit Schiller ist wohl keiner unter den nenern Dichtern so tief ins Lehen des deutschen Volkes gedrungen, als Geihel, dem nicht allein um seiner herrlichen, das Gemütsleben in seiner ganzen Lmig- keit erfassenden Gedichte, sondern auch um seines durrlmus reinen, wahrhaft grossen Charakters willen allgemeine Verehrung und Liebe gezollt wird. Von den zahlreichen Verehrern des Dichters Avird es daher dankbar begrüsst werden, dass ihnen im vorliegenden Werke ein vollständiges Lebensbild ihres Lieblings gegeben wird. Schildert der erste Teü des Dichters Leben (seine Jugend- und Lehrjahre, seine Wander-, Meister- und ßuhejahre), so beschäftigt sich der zweite ausschliesslich mit seinen W^erken (seinen lyrischen, vermischten und dramatischen Dichtungen) und der Bedeutung, die sie für's deutsche Volk erlangt haben, um endlich noch im Anhange Beiträge zur Geibel - Literatur zu sammeln. Bildnisse des Dichters aus den verschiedenen Altersstufen illustriren die Lebensgeschichte. Das Buch wird dazu beitragen, die nationale Bedeutung des Dichters ins rechte Licht zu rücken und zu seinen alten Freunden neue er- werben zu helfen. Im Kreise der d e u t s c h e n F a m i 1 i e und Schule sucht das Buch vorzugsweise seine Leser, und hier wird es zweifellos erfolgreich dazu beitragen, Geibels natioualpädagogische Be- deutung darzulegen und die Verehrer seiner Werke zu vermehren. Das Werk sei deshalb herzlich empfohlen."
Zu beliehen durcJff, alle Buchhandlungen, Wolfenbüttel. Julius Zwissler.
Lippert & C". (G. Pätz'sche B' chdr.), Naumburg a/S.
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