4 <:«ic.i c ' — rf^ ,-< c. « ^ r 4c:v , ^^, ^ 5£ ^ "ft -r ' to this day, the only naturalist who has confined himself strictly to Louisi- ana in the treatment of his subject. The knowledge of bird-life in Louisiana remained confined to Le Page's limits until tlie present century was well advanced, for other historians either did not trouble themselves about it at all, or mentioned it only in a very desultory manner. It was not until a Wilson, and later still an Audubon appeared on the scene, and devoted their lives to the subject of orni- thology, that we become more acquainted with the actual extent of this class of vertebrates in this country in general, and Louisiana in particular. The material collected in Louisi- ana by these two famous workers Avas incorporated by them in their comprehensive works on tlie birds of North America. The first — ^^American Ornithology," by Alexander Wilson, appeared in I8I45 the second— ''Ornithological Biography," by Audubon in 1838, which was subsequently enlarged in 1844 to the now famous "Birds of America." Almost contemx)oraiieous with Audubon's work, appeared ^^A Manual of the Ornithology of the United States," by Nuttall, of which two editions were issued^ one in 1832, and the other in 1840. In 1872 appeared for the first time, ^'A Key to I^^^orth American Birds " by Dr. Elliot Ooues, and in 1884 "The birds of North America," by Baird, Brewer and Eidgway. All of these Avorks contain references to records made in Louisiana, but no author appeared to emulate Le Page's example, except one, L. von Keitzenstein, who wrote and published during 1883 a number of articles under the title of '^Birds of Louisiana," in the Sunday editions of the New Orleans Times-Democ>rat. As, however, these papers were intended more for the amusement of the subscribers to that newspaper, and the author permitted too many exaggerations and too much fiction to enter into the various biographies, his endeavors fell far short in value to be regarded as a work of scientific character and merit. The literature on the ornithology of Louisiana is therefore wanting, and we are standing, in this respect, far behind the work accomplished in other states, as for instance: Long- Island and New York, whose bird-faunas were i>ublished as early as 1844 by Giraud and DeKay respectively. While Louisiana has, at times, possessed observers and collectors, ardent and accomplished enough to pursue their favorite study with fair success, they have, unfortunately, failed to publish the results of their Avork either in a satisfac- tory and systematic manner, or altogether. The annexed catalogue of the birds of Louisiana is the re- sult of personal observation and collecting during fully six- 3 teen years within tlie limits ofour state. In the pnrsnit of the study of ornitliology I liave visited nearly every section of the state at different seasons of the year, and in this way learned to understand the variation of bird-life effected by the annual spring and iVdl migrations. During the spring and summer months of 1886 I made the first extended tour, i)artly in a pirogue and partly overland, through the entire section covered by the parishes of St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Charles, Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemine and St. Bernard. In 1888, from the 8th April to the 28th July, I traversed on foot all parishes north of Lake Maurepas and Lake Pontchar- train, east of the Mississippi, with the exception of West Feliciana, establishing on this trip alone the records of 89 spe- cies, or over one-half of the breeding birds of the state. To enumerate other trips, more or less extensive, which were made during the following years would be too tedious and altogether sui)erfluous. The geographic location on the southern border of Xorth America, and the semi-tropical climatic conditions of Louis- iana fully account for the fact that at one period of the year or other, at least one third of the species of the entire avi- fauna of North America finds refuge within her precincts. The avifauna of North America is almost distinctly divided into three great sections: the eastern, or Atlantic; the western, or Pacific, and the middle, or Mississippi Valley section. Each is more or less distinct from the other in certain char- acteristics of individual species, and the boundaries of these three geographical sections are sharply defined by natural lines. Louisiana virtually presents the southern entrance and exit of the entire Mississippi Valley section, and nearly all those birds which the rigorous climate of the north compels to migrate are forced to pass, either through the state on their way to warmer climates north of the equator, or [as in the case of the majority] may be invited to seek and find secure winter quarters witliin her confines. The physical conditions of Louisiana are peculiar, for the more elevated ground is principally on the banks of the rivers. The average elevation of the state is about seventy-five feet above sea-level, and the highest i)arts are not much over four hundred feet. Back from the rivers are extensive swamps, which drain the arable land, and the larger rivers flow through beds of alluvial soil, which, in width, may vary from one to forty miles. The maritime coast is low and marshy, lined in its fullest extent by chains of low, sandy, or sometimes marshy islands, and especially about the delta of the Mississippi by innumerable islets. The swamps extend inland from ten to nearly fifty miles, and the rivers or bayous often aftbrd the only means of approaching the coast. Louisiana covers about 48,000 square miles,. of which 1,050 are taken up by land-locked bays, 1,700 by inland lakes and more than 540 by river surface. This peculiar physical condition well accounts for the fact that not only one-half of the resident birds, but also the majority of winter residents are water birds. The greater part of water-broken territory constitutes what we will call, the southern portion of Louisiana, lying between the 29th and 30 th degrees north. The western part of this section, between the 92nd degree and the Sabine river, is principally made up of prairie-lands, lined along the coast by salt-marshes. The eastern part, between the 92nd and 89th degrees, contains the greater part of the water- broken land, being excessively cut by rivers and bayous, which are often only secondary outlets for larger rivers or lakes, fur- nishing thereby the means of drainage in flood time. Of course, the entire southern section harbors, by far, the larger number of species of water-birds, either resident or migratory, to'be found in the State, some of which are almost completely confined to the vicinity of the gulf waters. Central Louisiana, between the 30th and 32d degrees north, presents a more varied topography. The southern half of this, including the whole of the parishes of Calcasieu, Acadia, Lafayette, St. Landry, St. Martin, Iberville and part of Avoyelles, Kapides and Vernon, is of a generally level con- formation, excepting in a northwesterly direction, where it is hilly, and contains the outrunners of the pine and hard-wood forests of the remaining northern portion of central Louisiana. The prairie regions of our state are unlike most of those of Texas and further west, devoid almost of wood and water, but are intersected by streams, along whose courses generally a very luxuriant growth of timber constantly exists. It is for this reason that the avifauna of the prairie regions, which, as far as the number of species is concerned, would be a very lim- ited one, is greatly augmented by forms, which otherwise would be, more or less, restricted to the woods and highlands. Northern Louisiana, between the 32nd and 33rd degrees nortb, and even the upper j^ortions of central Louisiana, as far down as Red liiver Landing, is divisible into an upland and lowland section, Ouachita river being the dividing line. The lowla^iid region, between the Mississippi and the Ouachita, is alluvial, and therefore of recent origin. It is the product of these two rivers as well as the Arkansas, and par- tially subject to inundation. Heavy cypress swamps along the numerous water-courses alternate with hummock lands, in both of which the majority of land birds find abodes, either temporarily or permanently. In the immediate vicinity of the banks of the M ississippi, however, quite a number of species of waders and swimmers, and among them even Terns, etc., also spend a large part of the year breeding and rearing their young. This part of the state, therefore, somewhat resembles in bird-life the coast line of the southern section. Western, or rather north-western Louisiana, between the Ouachita river and Texas boundary, contains some of the highest parts of the state; the vegetation consisting of both pine and hard-wood timber, the former, however, predomi- nating. The highland is, however, in some x)arishes greatly broken up by numerous large lakes, which drain into Eed river. This applies especially to Caddo, Bossier, Bienville and De Soto parishes. In many respects the avifauna here corresponds to that of the Floiida parishes, augmented, of course, by more western forms. The so-called Florida parishes, which now remain to be considered, constitute the entire section of the state between the 30th and 31st degrees north, and between the Mississippi and Pearl rivers, east and west, respectively. The topography of these parishes combines the physical, aspects of the rest of the state already considered, with the exception of the prairie lands, and, possibly, the salt-water marshes, for the latter are only represented in a modified degree along the borders of lakes Maurej)as, Pontchartrain and Borgne. Along the courses of streams only alluvial lands with heavy cypress and other timber exist, while nearly all the rest is taken up, either by pine-flats or i)ine-hills, the latter extending in a north- easterly direction; the former occui)ying the central and southern j^arishes. The highlands of north-wesl'ern Louisiana are represented in East Feliciana alone, and this peculiarity has also been recognized by a few si)ecies of birds, which have made tliis parish their breeding i>lace in the state, east of the Mississippi river. The result of this varied toi)Ography ot the Florida par- ishes is: that with the exception of a comparatively small number of species, nearly every bird belonging to the Miss- issippi Valley section may be found within their precincts at one time or other of the year. Before entering into a discussion of the birds of our state themselves, it will yet be necessary to speak of some points of migration, without considering the reasons which originally prompted birds to change their home locations, and return to them with such exactness and regularity. These reasons, I believe, are already well known, bnt the two movements which occur in the yearly cycle of migration are so characteristically different from each other that they are deserving of some attention . It is certainly lair to assume that the locality where a bird raises its young should be regarded as its true home, Avhence, however, it may be driven by external influ- ences, against which it cannot combat. That the leaving of the beloved spot, where its conjugal and i^arental pleasures found their culmination, must be reluctant is self-evident; hence the gradual and dilatory movements during tall migra- tion. Inch by inch and mile by mile, as it were, the birds are driven from the vicinity of their homes, until finally, through the ever increasing rigor of climatic conditions and the diminishing food su])ply, they are compelled no longer to posti)one the long deferred journey to distant and more con- genial lands. This, I think, is the reason that, with few exceptions, migratory birds are spread over a larger area, and remain in greater distribution for a longer i^eriod during the autumn migration. It is well known to everyone who has studied the habits and peculiarities of birds how quickly the migrant can be told irom the resident of the same species. The resident is at home; the migrant, on the contrary, ill at ease, and ever restless and silent. With the change of season, the delay of these more widely scattered fall migrants is no longer indulged in. The love of home becomes the all-pre- vailing desire, and although storms encountered on their journey may drive them back again, they only push forward with renewed vigor, and nothing short of death will deter them from again reaching their nesting places. Along our coast-line there are various stopping places where, after a long and uninterrupted journey, the tired and worn birds remain for a few days to reciuperate. They appear there from a week to ten days earlier than they will be noticed twenty-five or thirty miles further inland. Grand, Timbalier, Last and Avery's Islands afford the fatigued trav- elers the needed rest, and while many species and indi- vidnals pass tliem without stopping during fall migration, these same birds are sure to avail themselves of their hospi- tality on their homeward journey at the end of winter and at the expiration of their enforced exile. Of course these remarks do not apply to all migrants, for there are some species which are laggards in all their movements, and others which are altogether too erratic, and which will posti)one the fulfihnent of parental duties as long as possible, as for instance: the Cedar-bird {A^npelis cedrortim Yiel].), which does not com- mence breeding until nearly all other birds are nearly, or al- together through with it. According to the length of time of the year during which a sj^ecies remains within certain boundaries it may be referred to one of five divisions. The avifauna proper of a state, however, consists of such birds which not only breed within her jxrecincts, but also remain throughout the remain- der of the year not occupied by parental duties. These birds constitute the ^'Kesidents." The second division is made up of such species which, while they breed in the state, are not able to stand the changes of temperature, and whose food-supply becomes exhausted (or at least diminished) and are forced to migrate to warmer cli- mates. Such birds are "Summer Residents." Others again, which only pass the winter but breed in another locality, are re- garded as "Winter Residents," and belong to the third divi- sion. If, however, birds neither breed nor winter, and only remain for a short period in spring and autumn, they are con- sidered as "Migrants." The fifth, and smallest proportion of the birds of a state, is made uj) of casual and rare visitors, which occur in limited numbers, or even singly once in a while, and upon whose movements within the locality no reliance can be placed. Since, however, the instinct of migration is so strongly and permanently established in birds, and their powers of locomotion so adequately developed, no positive statement of occurrence or permanent record of the number of species for any given locality can be made, and even a hyi)othetical list, in which considerable latitude can be allowed, may be sur- passed at any time. American ornithology (relating, of course, only to cari- nated birds) is divided into eighteen orders. Seventeen of these occur in the United States and Canada; the Spheniscij containing but one family — the Splieniscid®, or Penguins, and belonging to the southern hemisphere — being absent. Two orders only— the TuUnares and Odontoglossw—HTii missing in Louisiana, for I consider it doubtful Avhether the sole representative of the latter (the Flamingo) may b^ found in our state. There are, so far at least, no records, and those which have of late been sprung ui^on the ornithological world are lacking in proof, and come from observers apparently very little inclined towards scientific truth. The remaining" fifteen orders are represented by 54 fam- ilies, with 190 genera and 323 species. Of these 32^ species, 103 are residents, 101 winter residents, 47 summer residents, 57 migrants and 15 casual, or rare visitors. To this total of 323, nearly 40 species should be added as likely to occur, either regularly or casually, for while we have, so far, no authentic records, the range of some species is such an extensive one that it may reach into our limits. Some species are known to be common within a few miles of our state lines, as, for instance: the Prairie Warbler (Dendro- ica discolor YieU.J which is fairly numerous at Ariel, Miss. The topography of Louisiana in that vicinity is identically the same, and it naturally follows that the bird should be just as common in our state. It appears to me iu this case, but an oversight on uiy part in not having observed or taken it, and I have therefore included it in my list. Both divisions — the eastern as well as the western — may help in future to swell our list ; in fact, from the latter quite a number of species are rei>orted as having been noted or taken in Louisiana, but, unfortunately, some of these records cannot be trusted, and I have therefore refrained from in- cluding: tliem in the catalogue. Of course, if birds are natu- rally close neighbors to a locality to Avhich they do not belong, it cannot be anything unusual for them to occasionally ex- tend their habitat, but, on the other hand, the api^earance of those, which are either extreme eastern or western forms, in a place far removed from their usual haunts, becomes a mat- ter of some imi)ortance and interest, as, for instance: the oc- currence near New Orleans of the Wheatesir fSaxicol a cenan- the Linn), which is really a European, or at least an extreme North American non-migratory species. We must, in such a case, at once ask how this single bird safely traversed the long distance between Greenland and this point' Other birds, it is true, do the same, but they are regular migrants, used to their voyages by inheritance and experience, and while they travel, do so in company with otlicrs of their kind. This solitary visitor, however, had neither gnide nor the protec tion which is afforded by iiiinibers. When fonnd the bird did not ai)pear very shy, but was rather contentedly hoppin^i;- around and feeding-. The Surf Dnck, or Scoter fOedimia per sp ic i IJata L. J iiwd the White-winged Scoter f^O. deglandl Bonap.) are also unusual visitors, but these species have been known to extend their migration as far as St. Louis, and re- ally belong- to the northern Mississippi Valley section. I have omitted from my list a number of sub-species, which hav3^', as yet, either not been recognized as such, or whose identity depends upon such hair-splitting characteristics as, in my opinion, do not entitle them to the dignity of such. In the preparation of the annexed catalogue 1 have been greatly assisted by ^Mr. Gu!?tave Kohn, Mr. H. H. Kopman and Mr. Andrew Allison, all of New Orleans, and to whom I extend herewith my sincere acknowledgement and appreciation. ^n ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BIRDS OF LOUISIANA. WATER BIRDS. A— SWIHMERS. Order PYGOPODES. Family PODICIPID^. 1. Colymbus auritus Liim. Horned Grebe. A winter visitor on the coast; rarer on our inland waters. 2. Podilymbus podiceps Dinn. Pied-hilled Qrebe; Hell-diver; Dab- chick. Resident and breeding in many sections, but more com- mon on all waters during Avinter. It arrives in Louisiana as migrant at the end of October, and transients leave in March and April. Family GAVIIDJ5. 3. Qavia imber Linn. Loon. A winter resident; common on Gulf waters; rarer inland. Order LONGIPENNES. Family LARID^. 4. Larus argentatus smithsonianus Cones. American Herring Gull. Very common during the fall and winter along the coast and on all lakes of the southern portion of the state. 5. Larus delawarensis Ord. Bing-billed Gull. Very common during the fall and winter, and frequent- ing the same localities as the preceding. ^ 6. Larus atricilla Linn. Laughing Gull. A common resident; breeding on the islands along tlie coast. It is the only gull which may be met with on the in- 12 land bayous of the iiortbern and northwestern parts of the state. I met Avitli it August 22, 1896, near Columbia, on the Ouachita river. 7. Larus frankiinii Sw. &, Rich. FranUinh Gull. A regular but not abundant winter resident on the west- ern Gulf coast, as far east as the mouth of the Mississippi. 8. Larus Philadelphia Ord. Bonaparte's Gull. Ajwinter resident; arriving in the southern part of the state as early as September, leaving again in April. 9. Qelochelidon nilotica Hasselq. GuU-Mllcd Tern. A resident along the Avestern const and breeding on the islands, but rarely coming far inland. One specimen offered for sale in the French Market, Ncav Orleans, March 12, 1889. 10. Sterna caspia Pallas. Caspian Tern. A common resident in many localities on the Gulf coast, 11. Sterna maxima Bodd. Boijal Tern. One of the commonest terns of the state; breeding in all suitable localities on the coast; appearing inland toAvards the end of summer, when it is exceedingly common on lakes Pontchartrain, Maurepas, etc. 12. Sterna sandwichensisacuflavida Cabot. Gabofs Tern. A common but not an abundant resident in the same lo- calities as the preceding species. 13. Sterna forsteri Nutt. Forster's Tern. Very common in most i)arts of the southern section of the state. It is, however, more or less a migrant; more numerous during the early fall months than at any other period of the year. One was taken as early as July 2, [1896 J in Plaquemine parish. 14. Sterna antillarum Less. Least Tern. An abundant resident in Louisiana; breeding in all suit- able places along the coast. 15. Sterna fuliginosa Gmel. Sooty Tern. A common resident wherever the preceding species oc- curs. 16. Hydrochelidon niger surinamensis Gmel. Black Tern. A migrant only; very common, however, during migration. 17. Anous stolidus Linn. Noddy. A handsome and not uncommon resident of the islands of the coast. 13 Family RYNCHOPIDyE. 18. Rynchops nigra Linn. Black Skimmer. A commou resident on the coast. Order STEGANOPODE8. Family SULIDiE. « 19. Sula sula Linn. Booby. Of this species only a few notes have been taken, al- though its frequent occurrence is not at all unlikely. Two specimens (males) were shot during September, 1884, on the Mississippi, about fifty miles below New Orleans. 20. Sula bassana Linn. Gannet. An occasional winter resident. It has been shot several times at the Eigolets (a male, December 9, 1886). Family ANHINGID^. 31. Anhinga anhinga Linn. Snake-bird; Water Turkey; Anhinga. A common resident in most parts of the state w^herever large bodies of water, fringed with trees, exist. Family PHALACROCORACID^.: 22. Phalacrocorax dilophus Sw. & Rich. Double-crested Cormorant A winter resident onlyj not at all common. 23. Phalacrocorax dil6phus floridanus Aud. Florida Cormorant. Common along the Gulf coast; breeding wherever it occurs 24. Phalacrocorax mexicanus Brandt. Mexican Cormorant. A very common resident in several sections of the state. Family PELECANID^. 25. Pelecanus fuscus Linn. Brown Pelican. Very common along the Gulf coast as well as on the lakes; breeding in large numbers on the Mississij^pi delta and the islands. 26. Pelecanus erythrorhynchus Gmel . American White Pelican. A winter resident only; arriving in October and leaving during the latter part of February. Family FREGATIDiE. 27. Fregataaquila Linn. Frigate-bird; Man- o^ -war bird. A resident of the high seas, it breeds on the Gulf coast, but during heavy storms is frequently blown far inland. 14 Three were shot on August 19, 1888, almost in the heart of the city of New Orleans. Order ANSERES. Family ANATIDyE. 28. Herganser americanus Cass. American Merganser. A winter resident and fiiirly common on the coast; rarely staying for jvny length of time on our inland waters. 29. Merganser serrator Linn, lied-hreasted Mer(janscr ; Bee scie cle Mer. A winter resident only, and like the preceding, preferring the vicinity of salt water during its sojourn in the state. 80. Lophodytes cucullatus Linn. Hooded Merganser; Bee scie. A very common winter resident. !a. few may even breed in the state, particularly in the south-western section. 31. Anas boschas Linn. Mallard; Canard Francais. Probably the best known of all the ducks. It is a regu- lar winter resident in almost every part of the state; arriving in November, and leaving at the end of February or begin- ning of March. 32. Anas obscura Gmel. BlacJc Mallard. A winter resident only. It is fairly common but often confounded with the following species; 33. Anas fulvigula Ridgw. Florida DucJc; Canard des Isles. A constant resident; breeding on the Gulf coast. 34. Chaulelasmus streperus Linn Gadwall; Gray Buck; Canard Oris. A very common winter resident. 35. riarecaamericana Gmel. Bald-pate; Zin-zin. Common in winter 3G. Nettion carolinensis Gmel. Green- winged Teal; CongoUe. An abundant winter resident; arriving towards the mid- dle of October and leaving early in March. 37. Querqueduladiscors Linii. Blue-winged Teal; Sareelle. Like the preceding, a winter resident only, but not as . abundant; the bulk evidently going farther south, whence they return late in the spring (May 17 and 21, 1898), and are then known under the name of 'Trintanieres." 15 38. Querquedula cyanoptera Viell. Oinuamon Teal. Exoeodiiigiy rare. A pair were shot opposite Poiiite-i\- la-Hache in December, 1884. Another imir were killed dur- ing November, ISOG, on Lake Catawatchio.* 39. Spatula clypeata Liini. Shorel-hill; MiroiHc. A common winter resident. 40. Dafila acuta Linn. Fin-tail; Faille en qneue. Very common in winter. 41. Aix sponsa Linn. WooO Duck; Branchu. An abundant resident in almost every i)art of the state, breeding- wherever it occurs. 42. Aythya americana Eyt. JU'd-head; Yiolon. A common winter resident, more especially in the south- ern sections. 43. Aythya vallisneria WlLs. Canras-hacl:; Canard Cheva I. A common Avinter resident. Like tlie preceding species, it prefers the Gulf coast to more inland waters. 44. Aythya marila Stejn. Flue-bill; For grifi de Mer. A winter resident; principally on the Gulf coast. 45. Aythya affinis Eyt Lesser Scaup; Dos gris. One of the commonest of our winter residents. 46. Aythya coUaris Donov. Flack Duck; Bing-Neek; Canard noir. An abundant winter resident, especially on the Lake and and Gulf shores. 47. Glaucionetta clangula americana Bonap. Golden Eye. A winter resident, but not common. One was seen by Mr. H. H. Kopmann on May 5, 1890, and another \'a. fenmle] was shot on June 15, 181)4, by Mr. A. B. Blakemore, on Cat Island, oft' the coast of Mississippi, and only a few miles east of Louisiana. 48. Charitonetta albeola Linn. Futterhall; Fuffle-head; Marionette A common winter resident. 40. Clangula hyemalis Linn. Long-tailed Fuck; Old Squaw; Cow- heen. An accidental visitor. During the excessively cold weather of 1899, accompanied by severe snow-storms, a male in full winter plumage was shot on Bayou ]>arataria, about twenty miles west of New Orleans, February 13. Fortunately the duck was preserved, and is now in the museum of Tulane University. *A male, in almost fuH plumage, was obtained on Lake Borgne during January, 1900. It is now in the collection of Tulane Museum. ^°G. E. B. 16 50. Oidemia perspicillata Linn. Surf Scoter, A rare winter visitor, A male was shot on Bayou St. John, near Kew Orleans, March 20, 1890. The specimen was mounted, and is now in the collection of Mr, GustaveKohn,of New Orleans. 51. Oidemia americana Sw. & Rich. Blade Scoter. An accidental visitor. It has been taken near Lake Oatlierine. A specimen is in the possession of Mr. Kohn. 52. Oidemia deglandi Bonap. White-winged Scoter. An occasional winter visitor on the Gulf coastj rarely go- ing inland. 53. Erismatura jamaicensis Gmel. Buddy Duclc; Martean. A very common winter resident. 54. Chen caeruiescens Linn. Blue Goose. A common Avinter resident along the Gulf coast. 55. Chen hyperborea Pall . Lesser Snow Goose. An ahundaut winter resident on the coast. 50. Chen hyperborea nivalis Foist. Greater Snow Goose. While not as common as the preceding, considerable numbers pass the winter on the coast. I have seen them as far west as Vermillion Bay, when they were traveling east (January, 1894). 57. Anser albifrons gambeli Haiti. American White-fronted Goose. A winter resident. It generally arrives and departs with the Snow geese. 58. Branta canadensis Linn . Canada Goose. Like the x^receding species in its migrations, it is one of the commonest of all geese in the New Orleans markets dur- ing the winter. 59. Branta canadensis hutchinsii Sw. & Kich. Hutchin''s Goose. A winter resident; common on the coast. GO. Branta bernicia Linn. Brant. An occasional winter visitor. 61. Dendrocygna fulva Gmel. Fulvous Tree Buck. To my knowledge, only an occasional visitor in the early fall. Several large flocks appeared on Lake Catharine during October, 1892, when a number of them were shot.* Several other reports have been received from various places along the coast. *This species was again taken in January, 1900, at the RigoIets.==G. E. B. 02. Olor columbianus Ord. WhistHiKj Swan. ' A winter visitor. Of late years reports of the occurrence of this and the folio wii)g species have become rare. C3. Olor buccinator Rich. Tnnnpcter Swan. Of the two swans, this species is the commoner, especially on the marshes of the Mississip]>i delta. B WADERS. Order IIERODIONES. Family PLAT ALEIDtE. 64. Ajaja ajaja Linn. Boscate Spoonhill. A resident only in the southwestern portion of the state, chiefly in Calcasieu and Cameron parishes, where it is a com- mon breeder, according- to Mr. Mcllhenny, who has collected there numerous specimens and eggs. Two young ones, in im- mature plumage, were shot in December, 1884, on the Mississ- ippi river, about five miles below New Orleans. Family IBIDID.E. 65. Quara alba Linn. Whlfe Ibis. A common resident in Louisiana, especially in the south- western section. 66. Ouara rubra Linn. Scarlet Ibis. I have never seen this species in the state, although it is not unlikely that it occurs. All reports, so far, will, I think, bear verification.* 67. Plegadis autumnalis Hasselq. Glossy Ibis. A resident in the same section s^as^the Eoseate Spoonbill, but not as common as the following species. 68. Plegadis guaranna Linn. White-faced Glossy Ibis. Resident and breeding in southwestern Louisiana. I no- ticed several small flocks on Lake Prieu, Calcasieu parish, during Sei)tember, 1898. *l have Included this species in the general list more on the authority of Audu- bon, otherwise it should really be placed in the hypothetical list.—G. E. B. 18 Family CICONIID.E. 69. Tantalus loculalor Linn. Wood Ih is. A resident in many i)arts of the state, it has, ho^yever, entirely disappeared from certain localities, where, a few years ago, it was abundant. Family ARDEID^. 70. Botaurus lentiginosus Montag. Bittern; Garde-soMl. Resident in limited numbers, but very common as a win- ter resident. 71. Ardetta exilis Gmel. Least Bittern; Shyte Polce, An abundant resident in all marshy sections of the state. 72. Ardea herodias Linn. Great Blue Heron; Poor Joe. A resident in all marshy localities, especially along the coast and on the borders of the lakes. 73. Ardea egretta Gmel. Great White Egret. An abundant resident in all marshy sections. 74. Ardea candidisslma Gmcl. Snowtj Bfjret. Once exceedingly common, and breeding in large colonies in all swampy parts of the state, this species has been nearly exterminated of late years. 75. Ardea rufescens Gmel. JReddish Egret. A common resident along the coast during summers in the southern and southwestern parts, but, like the following, it is more or less migratory in fall and winter. 76. Ardea tricolor ruficolis Gosse Louisiana Egret; Louisiana Heron. A summer resident in the same localities as the preceding. 77. Ardea coerulea Linn . Little Blue Heron,. The most common of all the Herons. A summer resident; occurring in all suitable localities and in almost every section. 78. Ardea virescens Linn. Green Heron; Cap-cap. An abundant summer resident almost everywhere in the state. 79. Nycticorax nycticorax nasvius Bodd. Black-croivned Night Heron; Gros hec. A common resident 5 breeding in the state. 80. Nycticorax violaceous Linn. Yellow-crowned Night Heron. Exceedingly common in summer iu marshy localities; breeding in large numbers. 10 Order rALUDlCOL.E. Family GRUIDyE. 81. Qrus americana Liun. Whoopimj Crane. Comiuoii along- the coast during winter. 83. Qrus mexicana Muell. Sandhill Crane. A resident along the coast, where it occurs in large num- bers. Family RALLID^. 83. Rallus Elegans And. Kinfj Bail. An abundant Avinter resident, and much esteemed as a game bird.* 84. Rallus crepitans Gmel. Clapper Bail. A very common resident in the salt marshes ; breeding wherever found. 85. Rallus crepitans saturatus Eid^vv. Louisiana Clapper Bail. A resident m the salt marshes of the coastj so far, how- ever, only a few specimens have been secured, the species liaving only been established within little more than ten years. 86. Rallus virginianus Linn. Virfjinia Bail. A common winter resident; arriving from its breeding places rather late in the fall. It leaves the southern section of Louisiana about the end of March, 87. Porzana Carolina Liun. Carolina Bail; iSora. Like the preceding, a common winter resident; arriving, however, much earlier in the fall, but departing In the spring about the same dates. 88. Porzana noveboracensis Gmel. Yellow Bail; Biee-field Bail. leather a common fall and winter resident throughout the rice producing sections, esi)ecially along the Mississippi, where hunting dogs very frequently catch them alive. 89. Porzana jamaicensis Gmel. Black Bail. Notwithstanding continuous efforts made during the last sixteen or seventeen years, I have never obtained tliis species, although it undoubtedly occurs in Louisiana. Wherever it does occur, it is not ai)t to be overlooked. Throughout Cen- tral America it is very common, and I have very often obtained four and five in a sini>le morning hour. 90. lonornis martinica Linn. Purple Gallinule. One of Louisiana's handsomest birds. It is an abundant resident in all marshy sections; breeding wherever it occurs. 20 91. Gallinula galleata Licht. Florida GaUimile; Halle Foule cVeait. Oominon resident; breeding principally in the southern sections, 93. Fulica americana Ginel. Coot; Foule cTeau. ^^).lr-^:iter- An abundant^esident. It is not unlikely that a few remain throughout tlie year and breed. 1 liave seen them in small flocks on Lakes Salvador and Catawatchie, as late as April 26, evidently as much at home as ever.* Order LIMICOL.E. Family PHAL AROPODID J^: . 93. Phalaropus tricolor Viell. M-ilsonh Fhalarope. Rather an unusual migrant in spring. Family RECURVIROSTRID^. 94. R#€urvirostra americana Gmel . Avocet. A migrant only. I have shot but one specimen [a female, November 12, J 889], on Bayou St. John, near New Orleans, almost on the identical spot where Audubon obtained one of his si)eciinens. 95. tlimantopus mexicanus Muell. Blaclc-neclied Stilt. A resident in some sections of the state; more generally distributed during the fall and winter, and occurring then in localities where it does not breed. Family SCOLOPACID^. 96. Philohela minor Gmel. Woodcock Very common during winter in suitable localities, and breeding in isolated places in various sections of the state. I found them mating in the middle of January, 1890, a few miles from Madisonville, and on January 29th, of the same year my dog retrieved a young one, but a few days old, near Covington. It is very common in winter on Avery's Island. 97. Qalihiago delicata Ord. WUson''s Snipe. An abundant fall and spring resident, migratory, how- ever, during winter, and not returning until the end of Feb- ruary, when it remains in large numbers until April. 98. Macrorhamphus scolopaceus Say. Lonrf-hilled Dowitcher; Dor- meiul. An abundant winter resident along the coast and in other suitable localities. *nr. Kopman has seen them stUI later (May i8, 1898,) in Plaquemine parish. -=a. E. B. 21 99. riacrorhamphus griseus Gmel. lied- hreas fed Snipe- A winter visitor; often associating with the preceding. 100. Micropalama himantopus Bonap. Stilt Sandinpcr. This species occnrs only as a migrant and in limited num- bers. While in Louisiana, it generally associates with other more numerous Sandpipers. 101. Tringacanutus Linn. Knot. Rare; only a few specimens have been obtained in fifteen years collecting. 102. Tringa maculata Viell. Pectoral Sandpiper. An exceedingly common migrant. To our Creole sports- men^ this and several other species are known under the name ^'Cliorook," and sold in great numbers in the markets of New Orleans. 103. Tringa fuscicollis Viell. White-rumped Sandpiper. A common migrant; corning and going with the preceding species. 104. Tringa bairdii Cones. Baird\s Sandpiper. Not as common as the preceding, but it is generally found with flocks of Pectoral and others. 105. Tringa minutilla Viell. Least Sandpiper. Very common during migration. 106. Tringa alpina pacifica Cones. Bed-hacked Sandpiper. A winter resident along the Gulf coast, where I obtained it in January, J 894, on Freshwater Bayou, Calcasieu parish. 107. Ereunetes' pusillus Linn. Semipalmated Sandpiper. A very common migrant. With most of the other Sand- pipers it is commonly found on the mud-flats of the lakes and rivers. 108. Calidris arenaria Linn . Sanderlimj. A regular migrant on the coast; at times very common. 109. Limosa fed oa Linn . Marbled Godwit. A migrant and winter resident on the coast. 110. Limosa liaemastica Linn . liudsonian Godwit. Migrates southward chiefly through the interior. Mr. Kohn has in his i)ossession two specimens, one of which was shot at Vinton, Calcasieu parish, April 22, 1805, the other he obtained in New Orleans September 27 of the same year. 111. Totanus melanoleucusGniel. Greater Yellow-lefjs. Fairly common as a migrant, but numbers also pass the winter on the coast. 22 112 Totanus flavipes Gmel. Lesser Yellow -legs. Ill its iiioveineuts, much like the preceding, Jiiid very common. 113. Helodromus solitarius Wils. Solitary' Sandpiper; Swee-Sweet An abundant migrant; one of tlie early arrivals in Sei)- teinber, but, on spring migration, sometimes leaving as late as the beginning of May [May G, 1897]. 114 Symphemiasemipalmata inornata Brewster. Western Willet; lell-Tale. A common resident of the coast. 115. Bartramia longicauda Bechst. Bartram^s Sandpiper; Papahotte. An abnndant fall and spring migrant; eagerly hunted and liighJy prized in lower Louisiana as a game bird. It ar- rives from its breeding places as early as the middle of Jnly, and leaves in spring ns late as May 20 lie. Tryngites subruficollis Viell. Buff-breasted Sandpiper. Excepting on the coast-line, where it is said to be abund- ant in winter, this species must be regarded as a rare migrant in other parts of the state. I have obtained it but once in Louisiana [October, 1887], when I secured two specimens out of a flock of eight, on the so-called Racket-greens near New Orleans. 117. Actitis macularia Linn. Spotted Sandpiper. Very common as a migrant, but numbers remain to breed. I liave found it breeding along most of the old drain- age canals of New Orleans. 118. Numenius longirostris Wils. Lon{/-l)illed Curlew; Corhigeau. A common winter resident; especially on the coast. 119. Numenius borealis Forst. Eslimo Curlew. A migrant only; very common for a short while in fall and spring. 120. Numenius hudsonicus Lath . Rudsonian Curlew . A migrant in most parts of the state, but resident along' the coast in winter. Family CHARADRIIDiE. 121. Charadrius squatarola Linn. Blaelc-hellied Plover. A rare bird in most parts of the state. I noticed a flock of twelve or fifteen on the 2nd of March, 1890, at Pointe-a-la- Ilache. I have been informed that it is common on the south- west coast of the state. 23 123. Charadrius dominicus Mucll. (ioldcn I'Un-er. Fairly coininon during miftratioTi. 123. Aeglalitis vocifera Linn. Killdeer. In limited numbers resident tlirougliout the state during the summer, but a most abundant winter resident along the coast and on the banks ot* the Mississippi. 124. Aegialitis wilsonia Ord. T17/,vo/i'.9 Plover. A common resident and breeding on the coast. 125. Aegialitis semipaimata Bonap. Semipalmated Plover. Exceedingly common during migration; numbers winter- ing along the coast. 126. Aegialitis meloda Ord. Piping Plover. A rare migrant. I obtained but one specimen among a flock of Semipalmated in October, 1893, on LakePontchartrain . 127. Aegialitis meloda circumcincta Rid^. Belted Piping Plover. This sub-species of the Piping Plover is not as abundant during migration as the Semipalmated, yet fairly large flocks may be seen on the mud-flats of Lake Borgne and along the coast. 128. Aegialitis nivosa Cass. Snowy Plover. Kare, except along the coast, where it occurs during some seasons in fairly large numbers. Family APHIilZID^. * 129. Arenaria interpres Linn. Turnstone. Fairh^ common on the coast throughout the year. Family HiKMATOPODIDJ^. 130. Haematopus palliatus Teuni. American Oyster-catcher. A common resident on the coast. LAND BIRDS. Order GALLING. Family TETRAONIDiE. 131. Colinus virginianus Linn. Jiob-white; Quail. An abundant resident everywhere in the state. 24 133. Tympanuchus americanus Reich. Prairie Chicken. Resident and breeding only in the sonthwestern portion of the state. Family PHASIANID^. 133 Meleagris gallopavo fera Viell. Wild Turkey. Resident and breeding in many sections of the state. Order COLtJMB^. Family COLUMBID^. 134. Ectopistes migratorius Linn. Passenger Pigeon. An occasional visitor dnring severe winters, and then only in small numbers. 135. Zenaidura macroura Linn. Carolina Dove. An abundant resident in every part of the state. 136. Columbigallina passerina terrestris Chapman. Ground Dov^. A resident, but it cannot be said to be a common bird at all times. 137. Melopelia leucopteraLinn. White-ringed Dove . This bird has been twice reported to me from Grand Island; once during May 1894, and the second time during August 1895. They were shot on both occasions, but on account of the heat could not be kept for preservation by the liunter. Order RAPTORES. Family CATHARTIDiE. 138. Cathartes aura Linn. Turkey Buzzard. An abundant resident everywhere. 139. Catharista urubu Viell. Black Vulture; Carrion Crow. Like the preceding species, an abundant resident in all parts of the state. Family FALCONIDil^:. 140. Elanoides forficatus Linn. Swallow-tailed Kite. In some sections a fairly common summer resident; princi pally along the bayous. During the early part of September, it may be seen on the shores of Lake Pontchartrain, Lake Borgne, etc., in flocks of fifteen or twenty individuals. 141. Elanus leucurus Viell. White-tailed Kite. An accidental visitor. On October 11, 1890, I shot one on the right bank of the Mississippi, opposite Kenner. This is, to my knowledge, the only record for Louisiana. 142. Ictinia mississippiensis Wils. Mississippi Kite. A common summer resident in almost every part of the state. 143 Circus hudsonius Liuii. Marsh Hawk. A common resident; especially on the prairies. 144. Accipitervelox Wils. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Chiefly a winter resident, but I have fouud it, as well as the following species, nearMadisonville, St. Tammany parish, in August [Aug. 5, 1890]. 145. Accipiter cooperl Bonap. Cooperh Hawk. A winter resident. I shot a female August 2, and a male August 11, 1890, on the so-called Pine Island, near Madison- ville. 146. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi Aud. Harris's Hawk. While I have never met with this hawk, several parties have reported it as common on the coast and some of the larger islands. 147. Buteoborealis Gmel. Bed-tailed Hawk; Grand Mangeur de Foulets. A common winter resident. 148. Buteo borealis kriderii Hoopes. . Kriderh Hawk. Not common during winter. 149. Buteo borealis harlani Aud- Harlan.s Hawk. This hawk is said to breed in Louisiana, but I have only found it during winter, when it is not uncommon. 150. Buteo lineatus Gmel. Bed-shouldered Hawk. A Aviuter resident only. 151. Buteo lineatus alleni Ridgw. Florida Bed- shouldered Hawk. One of the commonest hawks; resident and breeding throughout the state. 152. Buteo latissimus Wils- Broad-ioinged Hawk. A fairly common resident and breeding. 153. Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis Gmel. American Bough- legged Hawk. A not uncommon winter resident. 154. Haliaetus leucocephalus Linn. Bald Eagle. Eesident and breeding in various parts of the state. 155. Falco peregrinus anatum Bonap. Duck Haivk. A common winter visitor; especially frequenting the marshes of the Mississippi delta, where it preys largely upon ducks and coots. 156. Faico columbarius Linn. Pigeon Hmvlc. A winter resident, but never as common as the other hawks. 157. FaIco sparverius Linn. Sparrow Hawl. A very common resident every wheie ia the statej breed- ing throughout its range. 158. Polyborus cheriway Jacq. Audubon'' s Caracara. Only found along the extreme Gulf coast, west of the Mississippi^ fairly common, however, wherever it occurs. 159. Pandion haliaetus carolinensis Gmel. Amcrwan Osprey. This species occurs pretty much over the entire state. It is, however, more common in the southern half, where it breeds along the shores of lakes, etc. Family STRIGID^E. 160. StrixpratincoIaBonap. American Barn Owl. A fairly common resident in almost every section. Family BUBONID^. 161. Asio wilsonianus Less. Lonq -eared Owl- Said to be a resident, but I have found it to occur only during winter, and then by no means very common. 163. Asio accipitrinus Pall. Short-eared owl. A fall and winter resident; nuich commoner than the pre- ceding species, especially frequenting the prairies; liying low over the ground in daytime. 163. Syrnium nebulosum Forst. Barred Owl. I believe that this owl occurs only duriug the winter in Louisiana; leaving, as a rule, early in February and March. 164. Syrnium nebulosum alleni Ridgw. Florida Barred Owl. An abundant resident throughout the state. 165. Nyctala acadica Gmel. Saw-whet Owl. I know of only one specimen occurring in this state, al- though it may be a regular but rare winter visitor. The speci- men in question was shot during December, 1889, near Madi- son vilie. The party who had killed it had nailed it against the side of his house, where I saw the remnants almost com- pletely destroyed, during January, 1890. 166. Megascops asio floridanus Ridgw. Florida Screech Owl. A common resident throughout the state. 27 1G7. Bubo virginianus Gincl. (heat Horned Owl. A resident tbroiigliout tbe state; abundtuit in some sec- tions, especially in the pine-hills of the eastern parishes. 1G8. Nyctea nyctea Linu. Snowtj Owl. Mr. Kohn iufoims me that many years ago a specimen of this owl was shot at Baton Eouge. From another less reli- able source [on account of possibly mistaken identity] I have the record of one being shot at Bayou des AUemands, during the winter of 1878-1879 . im. Speotyto cunicularia hypogeaBonap. JJurrowiny Owl. It has been only recently that I have been able to confirm a few^ previous reports as to the occurrence of this bird in Lou- isiana, but from the accounts received from Jackson, it is (piite numerous on the x>rairies, and it undoubtedly breeds there as well. A specimen [a male] received from Jackson, was shot there November 21, 1898. Order PSITTACI. Family PSITTACIDyE. 170. Conurus carolinensis Linn. Cfirolina Paroquet. It is extremely doubtful whether this bird should still be regarded as a Louisiana species. During sixteen years of collecting and observation, in almost every section of the state, I have never obtained either specimen or data, and in localities which I have thought likely to be still its habitat, the people did not know that a paroquet had ever existed in Louisiana. Tulane museum possesses a specimen, which was undoubtedly collected in Louisiana, but when or where I have been unable to determine. Order COCCYGES. Family CUCULlDyE. 171. Crotophaga ani Linu. Am. So far, but one specimen has been secured in the state, notwithstanding that it has been several times reported from Plaquemine and St. Bernard parishes. One of three individ- uals was shot by a colored man near Diamond, IMaquemine parish, on July 29, 1893, and given by him in the flesh to Mr. IT. L. Ballowe. The specimen is now in the collection of Tulane museum. 38 172- Crotophaga sulcirostris Swaius. Groove-hilled Ani. An occasioual visitor to the southern part of the state. A specimen taken near New Orleans several years ago is in the collection of Tulane Museum. 173. Ceccygus minor Gmel. Mamjrove Cucloo. This species is claimed to occur along the coast, but, so far, I have no confirmation. 174. Coccygus americanus Linn . Yellow -billed Cuckoo. An abundant summer resident throughout the state. 175. Coccygus erythrophthalmus Wils. Blaelc-hilled Cuclwo. A si:)ring and fall migrant, and never common. Family ALCEDINID^. 176 . Cery le alcy on Linn . l^elted Kingjisher . A common resident throughout the state. Order PIOI. Family PICIDiE. 176. Campephilus principalis Linn Ivory-hilled Wood^ecler. A rare resident in a few sections of the state. From reliable sources I am informed that it is not uncommon along Bayou Mason, Franklin parish. Most of the reports are? however, referable to the ^^Log-cock."* 178. Picus villosus audubonii Swains. Southern Hairy Woodjieeker. A common resident in all parts of the state where timber exists. 179. Picus pubescen3 Linn. Downy Woodpecker. Wherever the preceding species is found, this will also occur. 180. Picus borealisViell. Red-cockaded Wood2)ecker. This is essentially a bird of the pine- woods ; abundant, especially in the pine flats of St. Tammany, St. Helena, Tan- gipahoa and like parishes. In northwestern Louisiaiui it is not quite so common, and in the southwestern parts it does not occur. 181. Sphyrapicus varius Linn . Yellow-hellied Woodpecker. A common winter resident in almost all parts of the state. 182. Ceophloeus pileatus Linn. Fileated Woodpecker; Log-cock. A common resident in all wooded parts j preferring heavy timber to the open pine woods. *This species has since been found in limited numbers in a swamp in Frank- arish; the author ha in July, 1899.— G. E. B. lin parish; the author having procured seven specimens and one nest in that locality ■ July, i8( •29 183. Melanerpes erythrocephalus Linn. Bed-lieaded Woodpeckei\ An abiiiuUmt siiniiner resident, but numbers remain tlirougiiout the year. 184. Melanerpes carolinus Linn Eed-hellied Woodpecker. An abundant resident. 185. Colaptes auratus Linn . Golden-winged Woodpecker; Flicker. A common resident in almost every section of tlie state. Order MACROCHmES. Family C APIILMULGID^ . 186. Antrostomus carolinensis Gmel. Cliuck-wilVs-widow. A summer resident only j arriving in Louisiana about the middle of April, and leaving about the end of August or early in Sei^tember. It is fairly common and breeds throughout its range. 187. Antrostomus vociferus WiLs. Whippoorwill. A summer resident only in the northwestern part of the state, but occuring further south during the winter. 188. Chordeiles virginianus Gmel. Night Hmvk. An abundant summer resident; known throughout the state as "BuUbat."' The new sub-species fCordeiles virgin- ianus chap7nani Sennet) has, so far, not been taken by me. Family MICROPODID^. 189. Chaetura pelagica Linn. Ghimney Swift. An abundant summer resident; arriving from its winter quarters, in almost all of the Central American states, in the beginning of March. Family TROCHILIDiE, 190. Trochilus colubris Linn. E ah i/- throated Humming Bird. A common summer resident, but during mild winters a few remain within our precincts. Order PASSERES. Family TYRANNID^. 191. Milvulus forficatus Gmel. Sei ssor -tailed Fly catclier . This species can only be regarded as an occasional vis- itor, especially during the fall months. The last note I have of its occurrence is October G, 1889, when I saw a flock often near Kenner. 30 192. Tyrannus tyrannus Linn. Kinghird; Gros Grassct An abundant summer resident. Breedinu'. 193. riyiarchus crinitus Linn. Great Crested Flycatcher. A common summer resident. Breeding. 194 Sayornis phoebe Lath. Plmhe; Fewec. A common resident in Avinter. So far, tlie earliest date of arrival is September 25 j the latest date of departure, April 2fi. 195. Contopus borealis Swains. Olive-sided Flycatcher. A spring and fall migrant; not very common. Mr. H. L. Ballo\ye secured one at Diamond, Aug. 31, 1894. 193 Contopus virens Linn. Wood Fewee. A common summer resident; breeding. The earliest date of arrival at New Orleans station is March 27, 1897, and the latest date of departure, October 2(>, 189G. 197. Empidonax flaviventris Baird. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. A spring and fall migrant ; tolerably common. 198. Empidonax virescens Viell. Acadian Flycatcher. A common summer resident in almost all parts of the state; breeding throughout its range. It arrives in April (Aprd 8, 1808) and leaves in October (October 10, 1898). 199. Empidonax traillii ainorum Brewster. Alder Flycatcher. Fairly common during spring and fall migration. 200. Empidonax minimus Baird. Least Flycatcher. Like the preceding, only a migrant; fairly common. Family ALAUDID^. 201. Otocoris alpestris Linn Horned Lark. This species probably occurs only as an accidental, rather than a regular winter visitor. Mr. Kolin secured it January 0, 1879, on the lake shore, at Mandeville. A num- ber of them were seen. Family CORVlDyl^. 202. Cynanocitta cristata Linn. Fine Jay. An abundant resident throughout the state. 203. Corvus americanus An(L (Jommon Crow. A common resident. 204. Corvus ossifragus WiLs. Fish Crow. An abundant re:sident in the state; especially in the soutliern part. Breeding wherever it occurs. 31 . Family ICTEIUD.E. 205. Dolichonyx oryzivorus Linn. '' JioboUnk. Ivatlier an irrogiilar bird in its movements, but, now and tben, occurring in immense flocks during migration. Tiie ear- liest date of arrival within our limits was April 4, 1890, when I saw two on Avery's Ishmd. On May 20, 181H), I secured, on the shore of Lake Pontcliartrain, k female in full i^lumage and with ovaries fully developed. I shot her carrying a piece of dried grass. 200. Molothrus ater Bodd. Coir-hird. An abundant winter resident.* A smaller resident form has been reported to me by Mr. H. II. Kopman, as breeding in St. James and !St. Mary's parishes. This form, however, may prove to be M. ater ohscurus Gmel.— Dwarf Cow-bird. 207. Xanthocephafus xanlhocephalus Bonap. YeUow-headed Black- bird. A winter resident in the southwestern i)arts only, especially in Cameron i»arish. It has never, to my knowledge, been noted as occurring in this state, on the east bank of the Mississippi. 208. Agelaius phoeniceus Linn. Iicd-trhir/ed Blachhird; Biee-hird. An al)undant resident nearly throughout the state; breed- ing abundantly along the watercourses and sea coasts of the southern section. 209. Sturnella magna Linn. Field-lark. A common resident all over the state. 210 Icterus spurius Linn. Orchard Oriole; Fape de Prairie. A common summer resident; breeding wherever it occurs. 211. Ict^us galbula Linn. Bcdtimore Oriole; Pape Anrore. Fairly common during spring and fall migration in most parts of the state. It is also a summer resident; breeding in East Feliciana and northward. 212. Scolecophagus carolinus MuclL Knfitii lUackhird; RusUj Grackle. An abundant Minter resident; remaining until late into spring (May 2, 1897). 213. Scoleophagus cyanocephalus Wagl. Brcwcr\^ Blackbird. Although a AVestern species, it is not of unusual occur- rence during the winter in flie southern part of the state. I have noted and taken it on several occasions. *Diiring the. summer of 1899 I found this species a common breeder in north- ern Franlclln Parish.a. E. B. 32 214. Quiscalus quisculaLinn. Purple Graclde. Eesident and breeding, but rather locally confined. I have noted it commonly in East and West Baton Rouge and St. Tammany parishes. 215. Quiscalus quiscula aglasus Bnird. Florida Graclde. A common resident and breeding. Of tlie three (Irackles it is the commonest in the state. 216. Quiscalus quiscula aeneus Ridgw. Bronzed Graclde. Resident and breeding, I have found this sub-species, as well as the two preceding, breeding in the gum swamps on the edge of the lake marshes uear Madisonville, St. Tammany X^arish. 217. Quiscalus major Viell. Boat-tailed Graclde. An abundant resident in the southern portion of the state, especially in the marshes. Family FRINGILLID^- 218. Carpodacus purpureus Ginel. Purple Flvcli. A regular Avinter resident in most parts of the statej com- mon, however, onlj> during severe winters, 219. Astragalinus tristis Linn. American Goldfinch. An abundant winter resident, especially during severe winters. 220. Astragalinus pinus Wils. Pine Sisldn. A fairly regular winter resident throughout the pine- woods parishes. 221. Passer domesticus Linn. English Sparrow. Has now fairly taken possession of that section of the state along the Mississippi river, but the northeastern and northwestern portions seem, as yet, to be free from it. 222. Pooecetes gramineus Gmel. Vesper Sparrow. • A fairly common winter resident; arriving* in September, although one record is as early as August 5 (1893). 223. Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna Wils. Savanna Sparrow. An abundant winter resident throughout the state. 224. Ammodramus savannarum passerinus Wils. Grasshopper Sjxirrow. This little sparrow is an abundant summer resident in all parts of the state, and its quaint song may be heard almost throughout the year; for even during some winters it is quite common. 33 225. Ammodramus leconteii And. Le Gonte's Svarrow. A Avinter resident. I have found it rather common on Avery^s Ishmd during- January. 23C. Ammodramus caudacutus Gmel. Sharif-tailed Sparrow. Common in the salt-marshes of the coast. I have found it quite common on the so-called "floating prairies" of Lajie Pontchartrain . 227. Ammodramus maritimus Wils. Seaside Sparrow. Very common on the coast, especially in the salt-marshes? and on the borders of the lakes. 238. Chondestes grammacus Say. Lark Finch. Although rather more of a western i)rairie form, this si)e- cies has been found quite common in several parts of the state, and is a fairly regular breeder. It has been obtained in Madi- son and Plaquemine parishes . 229. Zonotrichia leucophrys Forst. White-crowned Sparrow. While this species is a regular winter resident in Louisi- ana, it cannot be regarded as very common . 230. Zonotrichia albicollis Gmel. White-throated Sparrow. A much more abundant winter resident than the preceding species. 231. Spizella socialis Wils. Chipping Sparrow. Kesident in the pine- woods; abundant in winter. 232. Spizella pusilla Wils. Field Sparrow. A common winter resident; chiefly in the pine-woods. 233. Junco hyemalis Linu. Jiineo) Slate-colored Snow-bird. A regular, but not common winter resident. Mr. Otto Wideman reported it to me from Mandeville on March 2, 1897. 234. Peucaea aestivalis bachmanii And. Baclimanh Sparrow. This species, although not uncommon in the pine-woods, seems to select its habitat with more care than any other spe- cies of sparrow that I know of I have always noticed that in any given locality, of apparently similar characteristics, only one or more parts would be tenanted by Bachman's Sparrow. It breeds wherever it occurs. 235. rielospiza fasciata Gmel. Song Sparrow. A Avinter resident in the pine-woods, but chiefly a migrant. 236. rielospiza georgiana Lath. Swamp Sparrow. An abundant winter resident throughout the state, stay- ing late into spring (May 3, 1898). 34 237. Passerella iliaca Mcrr. Fox Sparrow. A fairly commou winter resident in most parts of tlie state. 238. Pipiio erythrophthalmus Liim. Toivhce. A common winter resident in every section of the state; abundant in Avinter. 23d. Cardinalis cardinalis Liiiu. Cardinal; Bed-hird. This well-known songster is an abundant rcrsident in all parts of the state. 240. Habia ludoviciana Linn. Eose-hrmstcd Orosbeah. A tolerably common fall and spring migrant; arriving generally at New Orleans station during the hrsthalf of April, and again passing through during September. 241. Quiraca coerula Linn. Blue Grosbeak. A most abundant summer resident in some sections of the state, especially in the Florida parishes, where it is generally called ''Kicebird." Flocks of thousands descend upon the ripe rice during August and September. 242. Cyanospizacyanea Linn. ImlUjo Bird; Eveque; P ape bleu. An abundant summer resident in all parts of the state. 243. Cyanospiza ciris Linn. Painted Finch; Nonpareil; Pape rourje. Like the preceding, an abundant summer resident, but a few evidently remain throughont the Avinter, as I have, for several years, seen individnals during DcQember and January. 244. Spiza americana Gmel. Blaek-fhroafed JJunlinfj. A common migrant. It arrives during the early days of April and lea\^es in the beginning of May. In the fall, it passes through in September and October. Family TANAGKIDyE. 245. Piranga ludoviciana Wils. Louisiana Tanarjer. Thus far, only one record has been obtained for this AVestern form in this state. The specimen Avas secured by Mr. Allison near NeAv Orleans, March 19, 1898. It was identified by Dr. A. K. Fisher, of Washington, DC. 246. Piranga erythromelas Viell. Scarlet Tanagcr. A fairly common fall and spring migrant^ arriving during the first days of April and leaving about the end of September. 247. Piranga rubra Linn. Summer Medbird; Quaker. An abundant summer resident everywhere in the state; arriving during the earlj^ days of April; leaving from the mid- 35 die to the end of September, a few stragglers remaining until the end of October. Family HIKUNDINID/E. 348. Progne subis Limi. J'to-jtlc Martin. A common summer resident and breeding. This species seems to inaugurate, as well as speed the annual migration, for it is the first migrant to arrive and the last to'leave. The earliest date of its arrival that I have been able to note was on January 29, 1890; the next earliest: January 31, 1894, and February 7, 1897. The latest date of departure, October 22, 1894. 349. Petrochelidon lunifrons Say. (JUff Swallow. A fairly common migrant. 1 hove, however, every reason to believe that this species breeds in limited numbers in Louisi- ana, as I have secured sj)ecimens in New Orleans as early as August 2, whose plumage was too immature to have stood the test of migration. 250. Hirundo erythrogaster Bodd. Bani Swallow. Until recently, this species was not thought to breed in the state, but according to Mr. H. H. Kopman and Mr. A. 1^. Blakemore it does so in the vicinity of New^ Orleans as well as along the coast, eastward. It arrives within our i)recinots in March (March 20, 1894 — so far, the earliest date), and gen- erally leaves in October. Mr. Blakemore saw it as late as November 3, 1895, and Messrs. Kopman and Allison on the same date in 189G. Concerning the movementsof this species Mr. Kopman furnishes me with the following interesting note: *^Barn Swallow — August 4— Many males were passing, following the coast; these birds Avent singly. August IL — A second flight began; the birds, this time, went in loose flocks and were principally females and young. The species doubt- lessly breeds in the vicinity of Beauvoir." 351. Tachycinetabicolor Viell. Whlte-bclUed Swallow. The most abundant of all our swallows; it occurs every- where in the state, and at all times of the year. It feeds on Myriea cerifera, and is called '*Oirier" in the markets of New Orleans, where it is sold abundantly. 353. Clivicola riparia Liiiu. J >ank Swallow. A regular summer resident in some sections of the state wherever high river-banks afford nesting places, 36 353. Stelgidopteryx serripennis And. Bo ugh-winrjefl Swallow. A regular summer resident; frequenting the same loeali- ties as the preceding species. Family AMPELID^. 254. Ampelis cedrorum Viell. Cedar-Urd; Murier. In Louisiana, this species is everytliing but a breeder, so erratic is it in its movements. In the fall, it appears some- times as early as October 10, then again not until the begin- ning of December. I have found it in large flocks in the early summer (June 3, at Madison ville). Family LANID^. 255. Laniusludovicianus Liiiu. LofjfjerJicad Shrike. A common resident and breeding throughout the state. 256. Lanius ludovicianus migrans Cliap. Mhjratory Loygerhead Shrike. This sub-species is a common winter visitor throughout the state, but it is impossible to ascertain its movements, owing to its resemblance to the preceding species. Family VIREONID^. 257. Vireo olivaceus Linn, lied-eyed Vireo; Grasset. An abundant summer resident; breeding. It arrives within our borders later than the middle of March (earliest date, March 18, 1894) and leaves in October. It feeds princi- pally on Magnolia seeds in the fall, upon which they become exceedingly fat and well flavored. 258. Vireo pliiladelphicus Cass. Fhiladelphia Vireo. A not very common migrant; passing through the state during Ajml. During the fall migration it is not seen until rather late in October [October 10, 1896]. The more remark- able, therefore, is the record of Mr. H. Ballowe, who procured a specimen at Hester, St. James parish, as early as August 2, 1893. 259. Vireo gilvus Viell. Warhlinr/ Vireo. A fairly common summer resident throughout the state. It arrives within our i)recincts at the end of March [March 27, 1897], and leaves in September. 260. Vireo flavifrons Viell. Yellow-throated Vireo. A summer resident throughout the state, but rather more common than the preceding species. It arrives in the begin- 87 ning of April [April 4, 1890; April 9, 1895], but stays late into October [October 11, 1896]. 261 Vireo solitarius Wils. Jil ne-headed Vireo . A fairly coiiiinon winter resident; arriving from beyond our southern border at tbe end of Marcli | March 26, 1894; March 28, 1895] departing in September and the early days of October. 263. Vireo noveboracensis Gniel. White-eyed Vireo. Probably the most abundant of all our Yireos; princi- pally a summer resident, but many j)ass their winters within our borders. Family MNIOTILTID^. 263. Mniotilta variaLinn. Blaclc-and-white Creeper. An abundant migrant throughout the state, but in St, Tammany and Tangipahoa parishes 1 have found young birds, in fairly large numbers and scarcely able to fly, in the early days of July. I have no doubt but that they were hatched in the gum-swamps of the vicinity. 264. Protonotaria citrea Bodd. Prothonotary Warbler. An abundant summer resident throughout the entire state ; arriving within our southern border in March [earliest date for New Orleans station March 15, 1894], leaving toward the end of September. 265. Helinaia swainsonii And. Swainson's Warbler. A suminer resident in various parts of the state. It was obtained by Chas. Galbraith [a collector of bird-skins for millinery purposes] near Lewisburg, St. Tammany parish, in March and April, 188G and 1887. I shot a male on June 4, 1888, near Amite, on the Tangipahoa river, and Messrs Kop- man, Allison and Blakemore have found it rather common on the right bank of the Mississippi, opposite New Orleans. It has also been recorded from Bayou Sara. 266. Helmitherus vermivorus Gniel. Worm-eating Warbler. A not very common summer resident. It arrives in the beginning of April, and leaves in September. 267. Helminthophila bachmani And. Bachmaii's Warbler. Mr. (Jharles Oalbraith's records, published in the Auk [Vols. IV and V], are, thus far, the only notes on this species. It is undoubtedly not only rare generally, but only a migrant as well. 38 268. Helminthophila pinus Linn. Blue-winged Warbler . A migTciiit. It arrives witliin our soutliern borders at f.lie end of Marcli. During fall migratiou, the earliest arri- vals in the state reach about the middle of August. 2G9. Helminthophila chrysoptera Liun. Golden-winged Warbler. Like tlie preceding, a migrant only, and observing, dur- ing migration, very much tlie same dates of arrival and departure. 270. Helminthophilacelata Say. Orange-crowned, Warbler. A fairly common, and sometimes even an abuiuiant win- ter resident in the southern parts of the state from November to tlie beginning of March [March 11, 1894]. 271. Helminthophila peregrina Wills. Tennessef! Warbler A common migrant; arriving at the end of March and beginning of April. It is, however, much more common dur- ing fall migration; reaching the southern parts of the state at the end of September [Sei)tember 23, 1897 — so far the earliest record], and has been, as "last,'' noted as late as the end of October [October 27, 1896]. 272. Compsothlypis americana Linn. Bhie-and-yeUow-baeled Warbler. A common summer resident tliroughout the state; arriv- ing In February and March [Pebrnary 22, 189;> — earliest date], and leaving in October [in 1895, the last was seen near New Orleans on October 19), 273. Dendroica tigrina Ginel Cape May Warbler. For this rare warbler there is, thus far, but one record. The specimen, in question, was secured in Ax)ril, 1890, on the old Orleans Canal, near New Orleans, by Mr. Erich Wittkugel. 274. Dendroica aestiva Gniel. Summer Warbler. An exceedingly common migrant in all parts of the state; arriving In tlie beginning of April. During fall migration, the bulk pass through in September. I have found numbers of this species breeding near Madisonville, St. Tammany parish. 275. Dendroica cserulscens Ginel. Dlael-lhroa fed Blue Warbler. A migrant, reaching oar southern portions at the end o^ Marcli ; passing throngh the state again in September. 276. Dendroica coronata Linn- Myrtle Warbler. One of the most abundant winter residents of all Louisi- ana's migrants; heard and seen in almost every part of the 39 state from October to April. The earliest date of arrival dur- ing the past seven or ei^lit years, was October 17, 1896, and the last seen, April 27, 1897. 277. Dendroica maculosa Gmel. MaunoUn Warbler. A very common migrant thronghout the state; arriving on its spring migration in the beginning of April. In 1895 the last was noticed as late as May 2. During fall migration the earliest arrival at New Orleans was September 17, 1897, and in 1895 it was still extremely common, October 19. 2'78. Dendroica rara Wils. Cernlean Warhlcr . Fairly common during migration; less common during tl»« summer. It breeds, however, in the state, and I have found it in Franklin and St. Tammany parishes. It arrives in March and leaves in October. 279. Dendroica pennsylvanica Linn. Chesimd-f^ided Warbler. Fairly common during migration; arriving in Louisiana in the first days of April, and on the return voyage, in the fall, it passes through the state in September, 280. Dendroica castanea Wils. Bay-breasted Warbler. Like the precedfng, only a migrant, and in its movement it is also very much the same, with the exception that it seems to tarry" longer on its voyage. In spring, 1897, the *'last'' [a, i)air] were noticetl at New Orleans on Mjiy 5. 281. Dendroica striata Foist. Black-roll Warbler. Fairly common during migration ; arriving in the begin- ning of April, and returning in the fall about the end of Sep- tember, the last being usually seen October 10. 282. Dendroica blackburniae Gmol . Blackburnian Warbler. This beautiful species is unfoitunately only a migrant in our state, and not a common one either. It enters Louisiana on its way north in April, returning, during fall migration, towards the end of Sei)tember and October. The earliest ar- rival for fall records for New Orleans was September 24, 1897 ; the latest October 9, 1896. 283. Dendroica doifiinica albilora Haird. Sv/camore Warbler. A common summer resident and breeding throughout the state. It becomes common from the 9th to the loth of Mnrqh annually, but the earhest date of first arrival, so far, is Feb. 27, 1897. It remains with us until the latter part of September, the '»la.st" being often observed on the 10th or lltk c^f October. 40 284. Dendroica vireus Gmel. Blacl-throatcd Green Warbler. A common migrant; entering our precincts in Ai^ril, and passing tliroug^h the state witliont delay. In tlie fall it ar- rives about the middle of September, but the latest date of the "last seen" was October 22, 189(>, at New Orleans. 285. Dendroica vigorsii And. Pine Warbler. An exceedingly common resident throughout the year in all parts of the state where pines grow. Breeding. '286. Dendroica palmarum G«i el. Bed-poll Warbler . A very common winter resident throughout Louisiana; arriving from its northern breeding-i)laces during the begin- ning of November and leaving at the end of March and begin- ning of April. The earliest date of arrival and latest day of departure for Ne\v Orleans are Novend)er 6, 1894, and April 11, 189G, respectively. ^87. Dendroica discolor Viell- Prairie Warbler. Being fairly common about Oentreville and Ariel, in Miss- issippi, not many miles from our state line, and the localities exhibiting the same characteristics, I think it merel}^ an over- sight that there is no record of this not ..uncommon warbler having been taken within our i)recincts. 288. Seiurus aurocapillus Linn. Oven-bird. Common during migration; arriving from the south in Ai)ril, the last of the spring migrants being generally noticed in the early days of May, In the fall it arrives during Sep- tember, and the last have i)assed through by the middle of October. It is, however, a winter resident in the extreme soutli and southwest. I obtained it on Avery's Island in Janu- ary 1894 and 189G. 289. Seiurus noveboracensis Gmel. Water- Thrush. Like the preceding, very common during migration, especially in autumn. Tlie latest date of departure in spring is May 7, 1897. 290. Seiurus motacilla Viell. Louisiana Water-Thrnsh. A summer resident; quite common on the banks of the bayous in the Florida parishes, and the middle and northern sections. 291. Geothlypis formosa Wils. Kentucly Warbler. A common summer resident and breeding in almost every section of the state. It first makes its appearance within our limits during the first days of April, and becomes common 41 about the middle of the same month. It winters south of our borders, aud generally leaves during the first half of Septem- ber. 392. Qeothlypis Philadelphia Wils. Mourning Warbler. A spring and fall migrant only, and not very common. It arriv^es from the south not earlier than the middle of April. The last is usually noticed at the end of the month. In fall migration the "last" has been seen at New Orleans as late as October 7 [iSOGj. 293 Geothylpis trichas occidentalis Biewst. Western Maryland Yellow throat. An abundant resident throughout the state. 294 Icteria virensLinn. Willoi(f-chat; Yellow-breasted chjcit A common summer resident and breeding in most sections of the state, preferring, however, the vicinity of watercourses aud is especially fond of the willow-ponds of the southern parts of Louisiana. This species never occurs within our i)re- cincts before the 15th or 18th of April, and is never common until about the end of that month, and sometimes not until the 1st or 2d of May. It leaves in August, and the last have departed before the middle of Ser>tember. 295. Wilsonia mitrata Gmel. Hooded Warbler . A common summer resident and breeder throughout the state. Its earliest arrival in spring for New Orleans, during the i)ast eight years, was March 8, 1896; the latest date, March 23, 1895, and the bulk did not come until March 30. It leaves the state in September, and the last straggler was seen October 19 [1895]. 296. Setophaga ruticilla Linn . American Bedstart . An abundant migrant in spring and fall. It reaches our southern border during the first days of April, and remains with us until the end of the month. The ''last" was noted May 2 [1895]. The species is, however, one of the first arriv- als of the fall migration. The earliest date on which it was seen was July 30, 1897. It became common on August 11, and the "last" had left before the end of September. Family MOTACILLID^. 297. Anthus pennsylvanicus Lath. American Pipit. An abundant winter resident throughout the state; ar- riving during the latter part of October (Oct. 21, 1896 — earli- est date for New Orleans] ; leaving during the latter half of April ["last" seen May 2, 1894]. 42 298. Anthusspragueii And. Sprafjuc^s Pi2)it. A coiiiiiioii wiiitor resident in the sontbern sections of the state, especially along the Mississippi. It arrives in October and leaves in April. Family TROGLODYTID.E. 299. Mimus polyglottus Linn . Mocldiujbird. An abundant resident in every part of the state. 300. Qaleoscoptes carolinensis Linn . Catlnrd. A common winter resident throughout the state; usually arriving, with in the state limits towards the latter part of Sep- tember, the earliest date of arrival at New Orleans being September 7, 1896. During spring migration, the bulk gen- erally pass through the stnte about the latter part of April, and the ^'last" is usually seen during the first few days of May [May 5, 1897]. 301. Harporynchus rufus Linn. Brown Thraft/icr. A common resident throui»hout the state, but rather an irregular breeder in the southern section. 302. Thryothorus ludovicianus Lalli. Carolina Wren. An abundant resident throughout the state. 303. Thryomanes bewickii And. Bewiclxh Wren. A common winter resident, but confined to certain local- ities. It has, so far, been found only in St. James, Orleans aiid Plaquemine parishes, but it undoubtedly occurs else- Avhere in the state. 304. Troglodytes aedon VielL House Wren. A very common winter resident, but arriving late in the fall ; not usually until November. 305. Anorthura hiemalis Viell. Winter Wren. A fairly common winter resident, but arriving late; not usually before the middle of November. The earliest date, so far, for New Orleans is November 1 , 1897 . 306. Cistothorus stellaris Licht. Short-billed Marsh Wren. A winter resident and not common. 307. Cistothorus palustris Wils. Long-hil ed Marsh Wren. A very common, if not abundant resident, especially in the northern part of the Florida i)arishes and southern section, 43 Family CERTHIID^. 308. Certhia familiaris fusca Barton. Brown Creeper. A transient winter visitor throughout the state, but never in ^reat numbers. It arrives at the end of October, and the "last" usually leaves at the end of March. Family PARIDJ5. 309. Sitta carolinensis Lath. White-bellied Nuthatch. A common resident in the pine-hills and pine-flats, especially of eastern Louisiana. 310. Sitta pusilla Lath. Broicn-heacled Nuthateh. A common resident; occupying the same range as the preceding. 311. Parus bicolor Linn Tufted Titmouse . A common resident in many sections of the state; prefer- ing, however, the pine-wood parishes. It is not found in the extreme southwestern section of the state. 313. Parus carolinensis And. Carolina Chickadee. An abundant resident throughout the state. Family SYLVIIDiE. 313. Regulussatrapa Licht. Golden-crowned Kinglet. A fairly common winter resident in many parts ol the state where heavily timbered localities occur. It arrives very late in the fall, and leaves early in March. 314. Regulus calendula Linn. Buhy- crowned Kinglet. Much more abundant than the preceding, although only a winter resident . It arrives within our borders during the latter half of October, and leaves about the middle and end of March. The latest date of its presence at ifew Orleans, so far noted, is April 8, 1898. 315. Polioptila caerulea Linn. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. A very common summer resident and breeding through- out the state. A few occasionally winter in the southern section. Family TURDID^. 316. Hylocichia mustelinus Gmel. Wood Thrush; Caille J^ivelee. Besident in summer in some localities; a common mi- grant in all parts of the state. It usually arrives in spring within our borders during April, the earliest date of arrival at New Orleans, so far noted, being March 2G, 1898. , The 44 latest date of departure for fall migration is October 11, 1896. This species is shot in large numbers for the New Orleans markets. 317. Hylocichia fuscescens Steph. Wilson^ s Thrush. A common migrant ; arriving in April, the ''last" of the spring migrants being generally seen in theearly partof May. It arrives again from the north in September, a few strag- glers being sometimes noticed as late as the middle of Octo- ber.* 318. Hylocichia aliciae Baird. Gray-cheeked Thrush. A common spring and fall migrant; arriving from the south in April. The earliest record for ^ew Orleans is March 26, 1897; the bulk not appearing until May 4, and the "last" was noted May 7. In the autumn migration it leaves Louis- iana during the latter half of September. 319. Hylocichia ustulata swainsonii Cab. OUve-backed Thrush. Like the preceding, a fairly common transient in spring and autumn. It reaches the southern portion of the state in April, the last being usually noticed in the beginning of May [latest date at Kew Orleans — May 7, 1897], On Its autumn voyage it reaches New Orleans about September 25. The latest date of the "last"— October 9, 1894. 320. Hylocichia aonalaschkse pallasii Cab. Hermit Thrush- A common winter resident in the southern and southwes- tern parts of the state, but arriving rather late in the fallj usually not before the end of October, and the bulk do not make their aiDpearance until the beginning of November. It departs at the end of March and beginning of April. 321. Merula migratoria Linn. American EoUn . An abundant winter resident throughout the state; arriving about the end of October and beginning of November; leaving in February and March, although stragglers often stay until far into April [latest date of "last" at New Orleans —April 21, 1895]. Family SAXICOLID^. 323. Saxicola oenanthe Linn. Wheatear. ^ *The but little differing Western race of this species (H. fuscescens salicicola RIdgw.— Willow Thrush) has beental