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ZOOLOGICAL SERIES

OF
FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Volume XX CHICAGO, DECEMBER 11, 1933 Pages 23-28

BATS OF THE GENERA ANOURA
AND LONCHOGLOSSA

BY COLIN CAMPBELL SANBORN

ASSISTANT CURATOR OF MAMMALS

In an effort to determine the exact status of Lonchoglossa wiedi
Peters a study of Anoura and Lonchoglossa was undertaken. The
results, while not so conclusive as might have been hoped, do serve
to clear up some obscure points and help to simplify the nomencla-
ture. Seventy-nine skins, ninety-four skulls, and eighty-six alcoholic
specimens of Anoura have been examined and three skins, seven
skulls, and ten alcoholic specimens of Lonchoglossa.

For the loan of material under their care, I wish to thank Gerrit
S. Miller, Jr., of the United States National Museum, H. E. Anthony,
of the American Museum of Natural History, G. M. Allen, of the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, W. H. Burt, of the California
Institute of Technology, and J. K. Doutt, of the Carnegie Museum.

The members of the genus Anoura are most easily distin-
guished from Lonchoglossa by their larger size, forearms 40-47 mm.
against 34.3-36.3 mm., and total length of skulls 24.5-27 mm.,
against 22.5-23.3 mm.

In Anoura there is no tail, the calcar is very short, almost rudi-
mentary, and the base of the interfemoral membrane is very narrow.
The interfemoral membrane is triangular in shape and well haired.
In Lonchoglossa there is a short, imperfectly ossified tail, not dis-
cernible in most skins, and the base of the interfemoral membrane
is relatively wide, to hold it. The calcar is well developed. The
interfemoral membrane is semicircular in shape and much less hairy.

The skulls of the two genera are very similar in shape, but
Lonchoglossa is smaller throughout and zygomata appear always to
be present and well ossified. In Anoura the majority of skulls
either do not have zygomata or they are but partly developed;
in a very few they are well ossified.
No. 323

24 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

The teeth present no separate characters except in size. The upper
incisors show some variation in shape in both genera. The position
of the upper premolars in Anoura is so variable that it can be no
longer considered a generic character. In a series of seventy-
seven skulls, the premolars in twenty are close against the base of
the canines; in thirty-eight they are separated from the canines by
a slight space; and in the other nineteen they are distant from the
canines by a space at least equal to the length of the premolars at
their bases.

The main characters by which the genera can be separated are
summed up in the following key:

Forearm 40-47 mm., total length of skull 24.5-27 mm. Tail
absent; calcar rudimentary Anoura

Forearm 34.3-36.3 mm., total length of skull 22.5-23.3 mm.
Tail present; calcar developed Lonchoglossa

Anoura geoffroyi Gray is found in three geographic regions:
(1) southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Salvador; (2) the Andes of
Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru; (3) Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil, and
eastern Bolivia.

Numerous names have already been proposed for races from all
of these regions but available material in this country is not adequate
to characterize these forms fully except on geographic grounds and
on average measurements. There are undoubtedly good color
characters, but color in this species is so complicated by individual
and seasonal variation that without series of skins from Mexico
and Brazil the true color differences between the three regions can
only be estimated. However, as specimens from these regions have
received names, it seems best to allow at least three of them to stand
until by the examination of more material a clearer understanding
of the color characters is gained.

The type locality of Anoura geoffroyi is probably Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil, but there are no skins from Brazil available. Material
studied includes alcoholic specimens from Brazil, Bolivia, and
Trinidad, and skins from Trinidad and Venezuela. Measurements
show that these specimens average the smallest of those from the
three regions: forearms 40-43 mm., skulls 24.7-25.5 mm. The skins
from Trinidad, while dark, all have a decided reddish cast not found
in specimens from the Andes and Mexico. The under parts also
have a more brownish tone with less tendency to gray. The name
for the specimens from this region is Anoura geoffroyi geoffroyi Gray.

ANOURA AND LONCHOGLOSSA — SANBORN 25

Lonchoglossa wiedi Peters was separated mainly on account of
its having zygomatic arches, but as this is a variable character
of the genus Anoura, with which wiedi agrees in all other respects,
the name becomes a synonym of A. geoffroyi Gray.

The greatest number of known specimens of the genus are from
the Andean region. Material studied includes sixty-eight skins and
sixty-three alcoholic specimens. These represent the largest form
of the three regions: forearms 42-47.3 mm.; skulls 24.7-27 mm.
In seventy-four out of 117 the forearms are over 44 mm. These
specimens are also more blackish than those from Brazil or Mexico.

A series from Cuenca, Ecuador, taken July 12, averages slightly
darker, both above and below, than a series from Loja, Ecuador,
taken on October 30. The Cuenca series is fairly uniform but there
is a great deal of variation in the series from Loja, especially in the
under parts. In three specimens taken on the same day the bellies
vary from dark gray to dark brown. The difference is not so marked
on the backs although the one with the darkest belly also has the
darkest back. The same individual variation is seen in the Colombian
series but it is not known in what months the specimens were col-
lected. The Peruvian specimens, which are in alcohol, are of the
same large size as the more northern ones and apparently do not
differ in color, so they may be considered to belong to the same form
as the Ecuadorean and Colombian specimens.

The earliest name for specimens from the Andean region is
Choeronycteris peruana Tschudi, which Thomas made a synonym of
Anoura geoffroyi. The identity of specimens from Peru with those
from Ecuador and Colombia will place Glossophaga apolinari Allen
and Anoura geoffroyi antricola Anthony in the synonymy of this
form, which may be known as Anoura geoffroyi peruana Tschudi.

The third region in which the genus is found is separated from
the other two by nearly all of Central America. Material has been
examined from Mexico (5 skins, 16 ale.) and Salvador (1 skin, 1
skull) and the genus has been reported from Guatemala. Specimens
are intermediate in size between the other two forms: forearms
41-45 mm., skulls 24.5-26.1 mm. From the skins available, the
color appears to be lighter, especially the under parts, which are
almost a light gray. Two immatures have dark bellies which may
be on account of age. The form from this region was described as
Glossonycteris lasiopyga by Peters but was almost immediately put
into the synonymy of A. geoffroyi by other authors. It should be
known as Anoura geoffroyi lasiopyga Peters.

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26 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY — ZOOLOGY, VOL. XX

The genus Lonchoglossa contains two recognized conspecific
forms and Thomas (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), 8, p. 442, 1901)
has suggested that Rengger's Glossophaga villosa is "perhaps a
Lonchoglossa with the proportions of the upper incisors transposed."

Anoura geoffroyi geoffroyi Gray.

Anoura geoffroyi Gray, Mag. Zool. Bot., 2, p. 490, 1838— (Rio de Janeiro?)

Brazil.

Glossonycteris geoffroyi Dobson, Cat. Chirop., Brit. Mus., p. 508, 1878.
Anura wiedi Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 398, 1869 — Porto

Seguro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Lonchoglossa wiedi Dobson, Cat. Chirop., Brit. Mus., p. 507, 1878.

Type locality. — (Rio de Janeiro?) Brazil.

Distribution. — Trinidad, Venezuela, Brazil, and eastern Bolivia.

Characters. — More brownish.

Measurements. — Forearm 40-43 mm., total length of skull
24.7-25.5 mm.

Specimens examined. — Total number 16. Trinidad: Caves of
Aripo, 8 skins (A.M.N.H.); Port of Spain, 1 ale. (U.S.N.M.). Vene-
zuela: Merida, 1 skin (A.M.N.H.). Brazil: Sao Paulo, 1 ale. (U.S.
N.M.); Santa Catherina, 1 ale. (U.S.N.M.). Bolivia: San Matias,
4 ale. (1 F.M., 3 C.M.).

Anoura geoffroyi peruana Tschudi.

Glossophaga [Choeronycteris] peruana Tschudi, Fauna Peruana, 1, p. 71,

1844-46— Peru.

Anoura geoffroyi Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 335, 1893.
Glossophaga apolinari Allen, J. A., Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 35, p. 86, 1916 —

Boqueron de San Francisco, near Bogota, Colombia.
Anoura geoffroyi antricola Anthony, Am. Mus. Novit., No. 20, pp. 5-6, 1921 —

Loja, Ecuador.

Type locality. — Peru.

Distribution. — Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.

Characters. — Larger and more blackish.

Measurements. — Forearm 42-47.3 mm., total length of skull
24.7-27 mm.

Specimens examined. — Total number 125. Peru: Ollantaytambo,
1 ale. (U.S.N.M.); Huancabamba, 1 ale. (M.C.Z.). Ecuador: Loja,
24 skins, inc. type of antricola (A.M.N.H.); Cuenca, 20 skins, 61 ale.
(A.M.N.H.). Colombia: Bogota, 12 (10 M.C.Z., 1 A.M.N.H.,
1 U.S.N.M.); Boqueron de San Francisco, near Bogota, 6 (1 U.S.

1933 ANOURA AND LONCHOGLOSSA — SANBORN 27

N.M., 5, inc. type of apolinari, A.M.N.H.); Paramo de Choachi,
1 (A.M.N.H.).

Anoura geoffroyi lasiopyga Peters.

Glossonycteris lasiopyga Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 365, 1868.

Type locality. — Southern Mexico.

Distribution. — Southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Salvador.

Characters. — Lighter in color; gray under parts.

Measurements. — Forearm 41-45 mm., total length of skull
24.5-26.1 mm.

Specimens examined. — Mexico: Vera Cruz, 1 skull only (U.S.
N.M.); Texolo, V.C., 5 (1 F.M., 4 M.C.Z.); San Sebastian, Jalisco,
16 ale. (U.S.N.M.). Salvador: Mount Cacaguatigue, 1 dried
mummy; Volcan Santa Ana, 1 skull only (Cal. Inst. Tech.).

Lonchoglossa caudifera caudifera Geoffrey.

Glossophaga caudifer Geoffrey, Mem. du Mus., 4, p. 418, 1818 — Rio de Janeiro,

Brazil.
Lonchoglossa caudifera Peters, Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 364, 1868.

Type locality. — Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Distribution. — Eastern and central Brazil.

Characters. — Dark brown, above and below.

Measurements. — Forearm 35-36.3 mm., total length of skull
23-23.3 mm.

Specimens examined. — Total number 11. Brazil: Rio de Janeiro,
4 ale. (1 F.M., 3 M.C.Z.); Sao Paulo, 1 skin and skull, 3 ale. (U.S.
N.M.); Amazonas, Camanoas, upper Rio Negro, 3 ale. (U.S.N.M.).

Records. — Santa Anna de Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil
(Thomas, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 234, 1903).

Lonchoglossa caudifera aequatoris Lonnberg.

Lonchoglossa wiedi aequatoris Lonnberg, Arkiv f. Zool., 14, No. 4, p. 65, 1921.

Type locality. — Illambo, Gualea, Ecuador.

Distribution. — Ecuador.

Characters. — Much darker than true caudifera.

Measurements. — Forearm 34.3-35.9 mm., total length of skull
22.5 mm.

Specimens examined. — Total number 2. Ecuador: Illambo, 1
skin and skull (A.M.N.H.); "western Ecuador," 1 skin only (A.M.
N.H.).

Remarks. — This form, so far as indicated by present material,
is darker and slightly smaller than true caudifera.

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