UMASS/AMHERST 312066 0333 2758 8 mm (1 ^^^K|r •" : ■" ,!.■ 'i ; r . i w i',i' ■ ,..''' Hii HIS; '<' j.' ': i,'.' 1 LIBRARY OF THE M Per SF 521 B47 ^TTS RAL f SOURC 1900 ^ '^ Ppiecs Tell, i Page & l^yon, Being located where we can buy basswood bolts at a very low price, and owning a factory furnished with machinery well adapted to the manufacture of sections we are able to furnish strictly first-class, snow-white S£:CTIONS, in 5,000 lots, at $2.15 per thou- sand; less than 5,000, I2.25 per thousand. No. 2, in 5,000 lots, at $i.5ope»' thousand; less than 5,000, $1.65 per thousand. We also furnish hives, supers, ship- ping-cases, and all kinds of supplies. Send for catalogue. H. RIENOWii' SON, Prairie du Chien, Wis. IVlfg. Co. I^leuu Iiondon, Wis. ^ Nearness to pine and bass- wood forests, the possession of a saw - mill and factory fully equiped with the best of ma- chinery, and years of expe- rience, all combine to en- able this firm to furnish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices on a full line of supplies. liatest Improvments Perfect Goods f^easonable Prices. Hives, shipping cases, sec- tions, extractors, etc., every- thing a bee-keeper needs. Cat- alogue and copy of the Ameri- can Hee Keepery>rf'. The .American Bee Keeper is a live monthly and has been published by us for the past ten years— 50 cts. per year. W. T. Falconer A^fg. Go., J.\MESTO\VN, N. Y. fio pish-Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the Van Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This style of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a Z'erv thin base, with the suq:>lus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely be distinguished from that built wholly by the bees. Being so thin, one pound will fill a large number of sections. All the Trouble of wiring brood frames can be avoided by using the Van Deusen wired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. d. VAfl DEUSEN, Sprout Brook, N. Y. it i 8 i i s a THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW. ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 9 u if V fiftCIl %# Golden Italian, 3 - Banded Italian, and Holy lands. We have secured our stock from the best breeders of the U. S., and now we are able to offer the best strains of the best races in America. Queen Rearing is our specialty: we have been at it for j'ears, and this depart- ment is under the immediate supervis- ion of our Mr. H. H. Hyde. We want the address of every bee-keeper for our ♦ ♦ ♦ This is the original one -piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, |i.8o; 1,000 for 53.00; 3,000 for |8.io; 5,000 for 512.00; 10,000 for |2 1. 00. No. 2 sections are not made to order, but when in stock are sold at |i.8o per M. /. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest ever made; and he sells it at prices that de/j competition! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered ere. Millions of Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and be your own judge. AUG. W:EisS, Horton\-ille, Wisconsin. Losses are not always the result of the same cause. They may come from starvation; from poor food; from improper prepara- tions; from imperfect protection; from a cold, wet, or possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar, etc, Successful wintering comes from a proper combination of different conditions. For clear, concise, comprehensive conclu- sions upon these all-important points, consult "Advanced Bke CuLTURK." Five of its thirty- two chapters treat as many dif- erent phases of the wintering problem. Trice of the book, 50 cts.; the Rkvi)';w one year antl the book for S1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the woU-known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. StrattouA 8on, o( New York, ami taking my pay in musical merchanilise. I have now on Iiaud a tine violin outtit consisting of violin, how and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius. " lied, French linish, high |)olish. and real ebony trimmings, price 5:14. 'JO. Tiie how is of the fin- est snakewood, ehony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, (ierman silver shield, ehony screw-head, (ierman silver ferules, ami pearl dot in the end, i)rice f 2.50 The case is wood with curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, anil hanilles and lock, price i^i M. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20 (X). It is ex- actlythe same kind of an onllit tliat my daugh- ter has been using the pRst year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to Sell ihisf)U fit, an ■* ^ ■* 0 Xi J5 ^ u ffl C fe fa s S 0 0 0 2 0 ^ 00 « 0 « c .Q XI xi I-: CD >— > fc 11 fa 19 40 24 31 48 41 5' 4'^ 45 64 74 75 72 72 81 65 68 64 65 76 1 68 71 63 67 80 -8 79 74 74 80 75 80 79 77 83 41 49 43 46 52 68 71 65 70 75 55 59 54 56 62 lectures may be valuable in more ways than one; "blessing those who give and those who take." Those who listen will receive something of real and lasting ben- efit, and those who give will have the consciousness of at least attempting to "do good to others," which is a virtue, and "virtue is its own reward." The parents of the children, and others, might in some localities (for localities differ) be invited to attend these lectures. To some of the listeners large drawings of the most important parts of the bee would be of interest and value. If the person giving the address is either a honey producer or dealer in hon- ey, he could add nmch interest to the address by having nice honey on exhibi- tion; and perhaps some in such shape as to allow those who seem most interested CONSIDER WELI- THE LOCAI,TTY. In the November nnmber of the Pro- gressive, editor Doolittle seems disposed to make sport of my using the word "lo- calit)'" so often; for in referring to some- thing that that prince of writers among bee-keepers, Mr. R. C. Akin, has said, ye editor says, "And for the reason he, like Dr. Mason, is shouting "Aof«/zX>'.'" Well, all I have to say is that Doolittle has largely ceased unqueening, but instead of shouting,. "Locality! Locality!'''' Doo- little is shouting, " Hosts of bees ~ivhen any and all honey Jhnvs arc on, lots of section honey, and no Stcarniin^-.'" and that right in the old locality where he has kept bees for the last thirty years. I don't quote what editor Doolittle says for the pur- pose of trying to show, or convince, him that localities differ, but for the purpose of 14 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. calling attention to the importance of "locality," the conditions that prevail in different localities, and the importance of "locality," the conditions that prevail in different localities, and the importance of believing in, and with, Doolittle shout- ing, "hosts of bees when any and all hon- ey flows are on." I had supposed that all intelligent bee-keepers were aware of the importance of having "hosts of bees" when "honey flows are on," but I'm more than pleased to learn that Doolittle is on the "up grade," and that although he may think "unqueening" and "local- ity" cut no figure (?) in the production of honey, he has finally found out that "hosts of bees" are of importance in honey production, and is "shouting" for them. It is said that "large bodies move slowly," and here is an exemplification of the fact; but oh my! when they do get under motion it takes a good deal to stop them; and when they get to going in such a laudable enterprise as "shouting, hosts of bees" etc., we should feel like cheering them on in their upward course. In the Progressive for August, Mr. S. P. Cully says:— The locality question has been discuss- ed and discussed upon until it seems to have become a fad or hobby with some writers, and a by-word or joke with others. Still, in spite of exaggeration and belittlement, it has a rank of importance that should be as well and as clearly de- fined as may be understood — especially by the ABC class. Closely related to locality is the variations of the seasons in each locality, and also the gradual changes of conditions brought about by changes in the local flora. It is important, yes, essential to any marked success, that the bee-keeper adopt a system of general management suited to his locality. * * * Surely it would be folly to leave the con- sideration of locality out, or even in the background, when devising or adopting his sj'stem of management. * * In other words, the general system should be devised with reference to the locality, its sources of honey, its probable honey flows, its climate, etc." Other prominent honey producers and writers for our bee-journals are just as emphatic regarding locality as is Mr. Culley, and to cease to urge this impor- tant element in the production of honey, and shout only for "hosts of bees" would seem to indicate a forgetful ness of a most necessary factor in the success of our specialty. It is not wise to take for granted that a person who has made a success in honey production in a locality where the honey flow does not begin till mid-summer, is qualified by experience to tell how to make a success of the same business where the flow, although but light much of the time, begins before the frost is out of the ground in the spring and continues till frost cuts off the supply in the fall. Again, in the September Progressive, Mr. Culle}' calls attention to the impor- tance of our environment by saying: — The locality in which we have always kept bees has exerted an important in- fluence upon our opinions — has, in fact, formed, shaped and moulded our views * * * i> Of course, this fact shaped his manage- ment of his apiary, and the same should be true of all bee-keepers. For me to attempt to produce comb honey in my locality, with profit, when compared with extracted honey, would be utter folly, when I can get a fair crop of the latter nearly every season and dispose of it at home for a fair price, when the produc- tion of comb honey would prove a failure in a large majority of seasons. FOOD VALUE OF HONEY. In thinking over the good that may be done by addresses on bee-keeping in our public schools, as referred to in the be- ginning of this article, I recall the splen- did address of Prof. Wiley, (chief chem- ist for the r. S. Department of Agricul- ture) given at the recent Philadelphia convention of the United States Bee- Keepers' Association as reported in the American Bee Journal for November 23rd, page 741, in which he spoke of the value of honey as food. Prof. Wiley said: — While honey may supply the place of starch or butter in the animal economy, it cannot supply the place of protein (that THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 15 which makes bone, muscle etc.Sec'y.) Therefore, honey and meat cannot be compared as an article of diet. * * * Honey can supply heat and support en- erjiy, l)Ut it cannot nourish tissues (bone, muscle etc.), containing,' nitroi^en, with- out the help of some other kintls of nour- ishment, as, for instance, eggs, beans, lean meat, milk and bread. It is very properly said that honey is one of the most easily digested foods of any class. * * * a soldier must have something to eat on the march, some- thing concentrated and quickly assimil- able, while he is not nourished by sugar alone, yet sugar or honey furnishes a con- densed emergency ration of the greatest value." Much that Prof. Wiley said on this subject would be of value in an address to the teachers and larger scholars in our schools, both public and private, and I feel sure would not be profitless if given to the students and professors of our higher schools, colleges, etc. In referring to Root's A B C of Bee- Culture, the last edition, which is just published, I find much of interest in this line under the title of "Honey as Food," and to consult it would be a help in pre- paring the right things to say in an ad- dress. BEES MOVING EGGS. By the Southland Queen for November I see that the South Texas Bee-Keepers' .\ssociation was "convinced" by E. J. .•Vtchley "that bees do not move and re- deposit eggs," for he has proven by his "experiments for two years that bees do not redejxjsit eggs, nor can they do so;" but farther along in the report he says, "I have tried moving eggs into queen cells * * and in only a :rry few instan- ces did the eggs hatch;" so after all it is not a .settled fact that eggs will not hatch after Vjeing moved andredeposited. Several years ago one colony of our bees c/td move and redeposit several eggs and they hatched, and from one of the redeposited eggs they raised a good queen. Perhaps it would have been dif- ferent if the colony had been in Texas, or under the care of some careless scien- tist, but it is a settled fact that in this "lo- cality" L-ees (fo move and redeposit eggs that hatch and produce bees, and the eggs don't have to stand squarely, or true, on end either, as Mr. Atchley says they do, to do this. GOOD PAPERS AT THE PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION. Editor Root in Gleanings for Dec. ist says: — The American Bee Journal is getting out a good report of the Philadelphia convention. The paper of Prof. Wiley, Ignited States chemist, is especially valu- able. It seems to me that all the papers read at that convention were unusually excel- lent. I have noticed that several of them have been copied by agricultural papers; Rev. Abbott's being more often used than any of the others. I was very much, and very agreeably, surprised at the unusual excellence of, and good sound sense in, the papers of the "amateur" bee-keepers of Philadelphia. If I dared "let the cat out of the bag" I would say that in mak- ing up the program I put Messrs. Selser, Flower, and Hahman of Philadelphia down for papers more for the sake of courtesy to the Philadelphia bee-keepers than because I expected they would "fill the bill;" and now to be obliged to feel and say that their productions were among the most interesting and instruc- tive makes me feel ashamed of myself for doubting their ability to do cu/v thing well, and in first class style, that they attempt. Now, this isn't "taffy;" and I believe that those present at the conven- tion will agree with me in what I have said about the Philadelphia bee-keepers and their contributions to the interest of the convention; and I believe that hun- dreds of bee-keepers who do not take the .American Bee Journal would feel well repaid if they would send to editor York for the numbers containing the re- port of the convention. • I presume, al- though I don't know, that the small sum of twenty five or thirty cents would pay for them. Try it and see. FREEZING DESTROYS MOTH'S EGGS. Gleanings says: — .\11 empty combs not in the hives should be put in moth-proof boxes, hives, or rooms, where the temperature is liable to go down to freezing or lower. Combs after a good freeze, and kept away from further visitations of moths, will be safe until wanted again. i6 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. No bee-keeper ever regrets having his spare combs free from moths, and by pay- ing attention to them now, so as to give them some good thorough freezes, and then putting them safely away from the reach of moths, he will not feel that the time thus spent is wasted. All my ex- tracting combs are packed away in their supers in our barn, and before freezing weather is over they will be placed in our house-cellar, where we k^epour bees, and left till needed next season. Some of the combs will be left in the supers, and the remainder will be hung on strips that have been nailed to the under edges of the floor joists overhead, and they will be placed at least an inch apart, and no moths will trouble them, even in the sum- mer time, with the door and window open. GOOD WORDS FOR CANDIED HONEY. Another good suggestion by Gleanings editor is: — More of an effort should be made by bee-keepers to educate consumers to the palatability of candied honey. In many a bee-keeper 's home the white solid hon- ey is preferred. It spreads better on bread, does not muss up whiskered mouths, and the small children can eat it without smearing the table-cloth. Many bee-keepers who put their honey in glass for grocers and others to sell, are in the habit of replacing such as candies, with that which is not candied. It is quite a task to do this, but unless we can get consumers educated in the pur- chase and use of candied honey we shall have to be to this trouble; but many of those who buy honey I have sold to gro- cers are getting to prefer, and call for, that which is candied. Several months ago I was in a grocery in this city and saw several dozen jell tumblers of candied honey that had evidently been put aside as unsalable. I saw the producers name (a Michigander) on the label, and know- ing the producer well I knew the honey was all right. I asked one of the sales- men if they had any good extracted hon- ey for sale. He said, "No, we have some adulterated stuff we bought for honey, but it's no good." He showed me some of it, and I soon shozved him that it was first-class honey, and how to put it in the same liquid condition it was in when they brought it; and I believe they now sell more candied honey than they do of the liquid. I have thoroughly posted them on the honey question. Talk candied honey to the dealer and consumer, and give them samples to try on their bread and biscuits. Sta. B. Toledo, O. Dec. 21, 1899. Department of riticism CONDUCTED BY R. L. TAYLOR. The best critics are they Who, with what they gainsay. Offer another and better way. A REVIEW OF THE MILLER-EXPERIMENT RECORDING THE AGE OF LARV^ CHOSEN FOR QUEENS. In June and July last Dr. Miller made a somewhat elaborate experiment to con- found if possible those who claim in op- position to him that if a colony of bees is inade queenless and given brood in all stages it will not rear so good queens as if the brood is scientifically selected for them, or as they do in preparing for swarming, or in superseding. I say the experiment was made for that purpose, but that is only my supposition; for the doctor gives us no light on that point ex- cept in his remark upon the general re- sult that "in some respects it is not what I desired and intended the bees should give, but they are to blame for that and not I." [Gleanings, 834.] It gives me great pleasure to welcome him to the field of the somewhat exact science of experimentation; and, although his first attempt seems to abundantly prove what I suppose he set out to disprove, I trust he will not become discouraged and THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVEW 17 turn back after putting his hand to the plow; for I have heretofore found it a bit difficult to hold him to the point, much more to bring him to the acceptance of the truth in the somewhat loose science of grammar, or of principles sustained by the argument of mere prose language, and I hope, since he has come into this domain of hard facts, we may be able to stand sometimes upon the same plank. The experiment was in many respects well-conceiyed, and well carried out, and although defective in some points, at least in the observations taken, that is a thing to be looked for in a first attempt. His general plan was to procure the de- positing of eggs in a series of combs (five in this case), one after the other, so that the time when the eggs were laid in any one comb is known within a few hours, and then to give the combs, the oldest containing larvif more than three days old, and the newest eggs not yet ready to hatch, to a colony presently rendered queenless and deprived of other brood, and then to observe frequently, and to take note of the age of larvae devoted to royalty at the time they are selected for that purpose. To distinguish them, the combs are lettered "a" to "e"' inclusive, a was inserted for eggs June 28, lo A M.; d and ewere inserted July 3, at the same hour, though neither the hour of inser- tion nor removal were at all regular a, b and d were removed the next day after insertion; c and e on the second day. All these combs, as they were removed, were put in the super of a queened colony to receive proper care. On July 5, at 4 P. M., this colony was unqueened and all brood removed except that in these combs which was left for the colony to select larvic from for queen rearing. It is very tantalizing in so important an experiment to be left without any further information concerning the condition in which the colony and combs were left. Did the colony have other combs with- out brood in the lower story ? Were the experimental combs placed in the lower story, or left in the super? lu what or- der were they arranged ? The doctor says the colony was "tolerably strong" — a very indefinite description These points have each an important bearing, I think, and I shall touch on one or more of them later. After the unqueening, the colony was examined once each day, for results, from July 6 to July 13 inclusive, with the ex- ception of July 9, and notes taken at each examination of new cells begun upon each comlj; when, of course, it would be a mere matter of substraetion to determine, within the limit of time allowed for the depositing of eggs in that comb, the age of each larva at the time it was selected to be fed and housed for the production of a queen. In all, thirty six queens were produced; and, if we are to accept the doctor's figures. 15 larvte were selected when within 3 days of age. 12 larvte were selected when it was doubtful whether they were more or less than 3 days old. 9 larvae when more than 3 days old. Three days is accepted as the limit of the age of a larva when selected by the bees, for the production of a good queen; so this experiment is a very important one; and it is no less important that its results should be correctly estimated; so I have taken pains to verify the doctor's figures and statements by appealing to his facts. The doctor says "I must not evade the observation that something more than 5 >^ days after the removal of the queen the bees started cells over too old larvie when younger larvte were pres- ent." And this, which I suppose may be taken as the doctor's final resume of the more important results of the entire ex- periment; "If the combs with the cells be taken within the first five days [of queen- lessness] and put in the upper story of a colony having a laying queen there will be no too old larvit- in the case." I am quite a stranger to the reasoning used to reach these results, but let me try its use and see what eflfect it will have, for insUnce, on the table just given. rHE BEE-KEEI»ERS' REVIEW. Such a course of argument would make the table stand thus: 15 larvse were selected when 3'oung enough. o larvse were selected when of doubtful age. 2t larvae were selected when too old. The doctor takes one extreme in his foregoing statements, and I have here ta.ken the other. He counts, when there is doubt, that the bees will select only those larvae three days old or under; I, that they will select only those older than three days. Both processes are equally valid; or, rather, equally invalid. started cells — keeping in mind that the colony was unqueened July 5 at 4 P. M. Again, with the table before us, if I may once more use the kind of reasoning employed by the doctor, I find by inspec- tion that at the very first examination two cells are found on comb b begun on larvse selected when too old for the pro- duction of good queens; and at the sec- ond examination, two days after unqueen- ing, three more cells are found on comb b containing larvse selected when too old; and again the argument by which he es- tablished his statements, and this one I have used, are both alike fallacious. His U u 0 0 u 0 ■5 2^ •2 Q. - 0 C Ml c 0 CS 0 w 1; a E a y H ■d > u p V t. C3 a ^ tc I. a cd •- 0 K > > V 0 0 u "o a u '■5 2 tin s tfi y 0 = i.i p 0 HI 2 V "o — ^ tS 'O 0 <*. ca ^-> CS 0 c — c a >. a Q 0 0 6 ° i < 0 0 u be < t 0 0 V M < 5 > ^ •~ -rs 1 .S ii July days hours days hours days hours days hours 6, at 10.30 a. m. b 2 2 2 2 20 "4 3 2254 I 20^ c 8 minus 18 'A I 1SV2 7, at 4.00 p. m. b 3 2 20^2 4 2 5 4 2 75^ c 6 V2 I 6 3 2 2314^ 8, at 4.00 p. m. c I I 6 2 6 4 2 18 d I 6 I . 6 2 6 2 10, 11.30 a. m. d 3 I 6 3 l'/2 4 I 'A 2 i9J^ 11, 8.00 a. m. c 2 4 I'A 4 22 6 16 2 14^ d 2 3 154 3 22 4 22 I 20J4 12, 9.00 a. m. d 1 2 3 22 4 23 5 23 ■ 2 I e 3 2 22 3 23 5 23 13, 6,00 a. ra. e 3 3 23 4 20 6 20 To render the matter easier of under- standing to the reader, overlooking a few errors and inconsistences in the doctor's figures which are only important because disconcerting to one studying his data, I, on this page, tabulate the results of the observations in the search for newly argument assumes that, having a choice, bees will choose larvse young enough to produce good queens; the one I have here used that they will select larvse that are too old. Both assume as settled the very point to be settled — the very question in debate — the very problem THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW i^ that the experiment I suppose was in- stituted to solve. This is the kind of arj^ument that is generally called "beg- ging the question." To put the matter in the direct form, there is no proof anywhere in all the data given of this experiment that the bees did not select, within five days, larvae ihat were too old to produce good queens; not only that, but there is no proof that they did not do so within eigh- teen hours, as may be gathered from the data respecting comb b taken at the first examination. Abstractly, the chances are at least equal that they did so. Then there nmst be proof that the three addi- tional cells found on comb b, just two days after unqueening, were all started within the last 3, '2 of the first 22 hours after unqueening, over some of the very few larvit still left on comb b at that time young enough to produce good queens, or the doctor's statements are again overthrown. To claim that they were so started is to assume the verj- thing to be proved. The overwhelming preponderance of the evidence is that the}' were not. But enough of this. Since the probabilities seem to me to be so extremely favorable to the notion that at least some of the queens to emerge from the cells on comb b have been pro- duced from larvae that were too old at the time of selection for the production of good queens, it is worth while to in- quire, if that notion is well founded, what the result to be expected is. On a careful examination of the table it will be seen that the youngest larva; in comb b are Ofie day and hvo hours older than the oldest in comb c, and that the most in- ferior queens to emerge from cells on comb b were produced from larvLe older than any lar\'a.' on that comb selected when young enough to proL» Mr. Leahy, of the Leahy Mfg. Co., of Higginsville, Mo., writes that he has completed arrangements with Mr. Hed- don for the exclusive right to manufac- ture his hive in the United States; ex- cept what Mr. Heddon may wish to make himself. *»\t»«^*^^^^* Michigan Bee-Keepers will meet next year at Traverse City. Geo. E. Hilton, Fremont, is President; H. K. Beecham of Williamsburg is Vice Presi- dent^ \Vm. G. Voorheis, South Frankfort, Secretary; John M. Rankin of Agricultu- ral College is Treasurer. iTi^i^ a^V^-k^U* The Foul Brood Bill that was intro- duced into the Michigan legislature last winter failed of passage from the indiffer- ence of bee-keepers. At least, this is the report given at the last Michigan State Bee-Keeper's convention by Mr. John M. Rankin of the .Agricultural College. itnMn.tm^M^^itm. The American Bee-Keeper is using some very dainty, photographically pro- duced initial letters for heading its arti- cles. The Departmental headings are also of the same attractive style. I sus- pect that all these little finishing touches originate in the artistically inclined brain of its editor. Gleanings gives some very kind no- tices of The American Bee Journal and the Review, accompanying them by portraits of Bro. York, the Review's compositor (Miss Nora Hutchinson) and myself. Thank you Bro. Root. As I have said be- fore, I think that no journal ever suffers from the giving of well-deserved notices of rivals. «^**^mrf« ii^>t» THE EFFECT OF BLACK UPON BEES. Mr. W. H. Pridgen writes that before the discussion as to whether black^'or^ dark clothes irritate bees is forgotten, he wishes to state that, according to his ob- servations, those who claim that black does not anger the bees are right; and equally correct are those who assert that when an attack is made it is usually on the darkest object or part of the object present. If a hard surface be struck, no time is lost in attempting to sling it; the effort to sting being made at the time of contact; which is almost invariably suc- cessful if a penetrable object; but, if fuzzy, it is clinched at once, and a desperate effort made to reach the vital part. A man may be dressed in light colored clothes, with the corner of a dark hand- kerchief sticking out of his pocket, and, if the bees are atigered, they will attack the handkerchief in numbers. He has seen this very thing occur. To put the matter in a few words, he says that dark objects do not irri- tate bees, but when they are irritated they are more likely to attack dark objects. HONEY DEW IN WINTER. Mr. W. H. Pridgen writes me that late in the winter, or early in the spring, of 1875, he saw honey dew on the pines. It was so copious that it stood in drops on the boughs of all sizes of the trees; and one could not pass through a pine thick- et without having his clothes soiled. The drops were as clear as crystal, and glistened in the sunlight as the branches swayed back and forth. The leaves, THE BKE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 21 straw, or shrubbery, under the trees had the appearance of having been varnished. As near as he can recollect, it was a mild winter; the dew appearing the last of January and lasting until April or the first of May. Not being interested in bees at the time, nor in the origin of honey dew, he took but little notice of the matter, and can not say whether it was on other ever- greens than pines. While it remained there were frosts and occasional freezes. Whether it was an exudation, a secre- tion of aphides, or fell from the heavens as some claimed, it was certainly there in abundance; and lasted until the weath- er was warm enough for bees to work on it: for some farmers thought it killed their bees, when, in reality, the "gums" were left full of honey; the bees dying out from old age for the lack of breeding room. WISCONSIN STATE BEEKEEPERS' ASSO- CIATION. There will be a Joint Convention of all Wisconsin Bee-Keepers' Societies at the i6th annual meeting of the State Bee- Keepers's .Association, Feb. 7 and S, in the State Capitol, Madison, Wis. Many prominent bee-keepers will be there and lake part. Jennie Towle, of Clark Co. and Mi-ss .\da rickard, of Richland Co., who alone in 1898 got 16,000 lbs. of honey from 100 colonies of bees. G. W. York, of Chicago, editor of .•Vm?rican Bee Journal, will deliver an address, subject — "From the Hive to the Table." H. Clute, Greenwood, will show the ad- vantages of Clark Co. for beekeeping. Dots by the Wayside, by J. Hoffman. The Section Box for Wisconsin Honey, by J. J. Ochsner. State Inspector of Apiaries report and a lively Debate on "Spring Managejnent of Bees," by the Vice President and Treasurer of the State Association. The Free to .\11 question box and an- swers is a prominent feature, and valuable. There will be a big display of supplies of all kinds, several new and valuable. The .\merican Biscuit Co. uses tons of hon- ey in its bakings and its Watertown branch will have a full line of such Ijak- ings there on exhibit. Excursion Rates of a fare and one third for round trip, for R. R. tickets purchased in the State, for over 50 cents each. Be .sure to bring a certificate of each ticket purchased so it can be signed Feb. LiHfc,RN HEH C<>MP.\N\, i- X. I'il.KLl., X'l,.\. I, rAKI \ i UVV. after year; building up for the great har- vest annuall}^ anticipated to begin about June loth, when the first white heads of clover peep through the fresh, green grass b)' the roadside; with eyes shaded from the morning sun, peering through the tops of the tall basswoods, as we used to do, to see what the indications are for a July flow, and going through the old and Sunday school teachers, in their ef- forts to keep the boys at home and to im- press upon them the adage, "a rolling stone gathers no moss." This is not say- ing that my friend Newton is a "moss- back," but serves to impress the advan- tages gained in sticking to the field with which we may be familiar in detail. With nearly twenty years of study and practice THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 27 in bee keepinj^ in widelv different loca- tions, involvinjr more than 25,000 miles of travel, I may be ])ar(ioned for assuming to advise that we must learn well our lo- cality, its peculiarities and varying re- sources and conditions, before we can hope to take anything like the full advan- tage of its capabilities. It is not less im- portant that we should be thoroughly familiar with these, than with the natural habits of the bees themselves; and to ac- quire a practical knowledge of several different localities requires no small effort. It is accomplished only bv preseverance and patience — the reward of which is knowledge, for the time being — not the circulating medium of exchange so nec- essary to many of us. '''he noticeable in- clination upon the part of some writers to ridicule the "locality" idea is a clear evidence of limited experience. The young man who looks forward to apicul- ture as his life vocation would do well to receive his training in the country in which it is proposed to operate. Vet, our ability to choose wisely in the matter of a location is in proportion to the diversity of our observation and experience. Causes and effects in different localities are hardly less different in bee-keeping than are the varieties of vegetation and soil. The difference in a Canadian snow- bank and a Florida "snow-bank" will be illustrated in the next number of The Bee-Keeper, showing how bees are "snow- ed under" in the latter country in winter. .\s I leisurely wait for a turn of the tide to transport a few choice colonies of our breeding stock to our mating grounds on the island, in full view of the original of the second scene, I study with absorbing interest, the details of the picture of Mr. Newton's home, and meditate upon the performance of his regular yearly duties. It revives memories of the past — fond memories — when youthful ambition in brilliant hues painted upon the canvas of the future pictures that are revived by this study. Long years have passed since "John and Harry" comprised Mr. Hall's corps of assistants — since boyish enthusiasm gave no place 'o the weigh- tier cares and responsibilities of life. "Was e'er a man with srml so dead" (When warmth of winter s sun is shed On shady palm-leaves over head. And bees bv fragrant blo.ssoms led To bring the honey that I spread With butter on my daily bread) "That neverto him.self hath said." From snow-banks, thank the Lord I've fled? If there was, patriotisin had a monop- oly of his being, and gratitude for the truly beautiful things of life had been crowded out and frozen to death. XON-TERRITORIAL EXPANSION means paying rent for a poor farm. Now is the time to secure a good farm on the line of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway in Marinette County, Wis- consin, where the crops are of the best, work plenty, fine markets, excellent cli- mate, pure soft water, land sold cheap and on long time. Why rent a farm when you can buv one for less than you pay for rent? Address C. K. Rollins, Land Agent, 161 La Salle St. Chicago, 111. Honey Quotations. The following rnlcH for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' .\88()ciation, at its Wasiiington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to ttiese rules. Fancy.— Ml sections to be well filled; coml * straiijlit, of pven tliickuess, and firmly attachea to all four side.'* ; both wood and comb nnsoiled by travel-stain, or otberwise : all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well tilled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells nnnealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise. In adilition to this the honey is to be classified accorilingto color, using the terms white, amber and d.'irk. That is, tliere will be " fancy white," No. 1, dark," et«. KANSAS CITY.— We quote as follows: No. i. white, 14; No. 2 white, 13: No. i. amber, 13; dark, 12H: extracted, white, 7'/2 to8; amber. 7 to7J4; dark, 5 to $'/i; beeswax, 22. C. C. CLEMONS CO., Dec. 26. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. CHICAGO,. ILL,.— We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15 to 16; No. i. white, 14 to 13; fancy am- ber II to 12; No. I amber, 10; fancy dark, 10; No. I. dark, S to 9: white, extracted, 8 to 9: amber, 7 to H\ dark, 6; t)eeswax, 27. Dec. 22. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. CHICAGO, 111.— There is a good demand for all grades of honey, and we quote as follows: Fancy white comb honey, 16; other grades white, 14 to 15: amber comb honey, 12 to 13; extracted in good demand 7 to 9, depending on color and package. Beeswax. 28. S. T. FISH & CO.. Dec. 22. 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills. NEW YORK. — Stocks of comb honey are very light, and we could use some to good advantage. We quote as follows: Fancj- white, is: No. i white 13 to 14; fancy auil)er. 12 to 13: No. i amber, ii to 12: fancy dark, 11; No. i dark, 10; white, extract- ed, 8V2; aml)er7';: dark, 6; beeswax, 27 I.) 2H. HILDRF:TH & SEGELKEN, Dec. 22. 120 West Broadway, New York. 28 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. CLEVELAND, O. — We quote as follows Fancy white, 16: to 17; No. i white, 15; to 16; fancy No. I amber, 13 to 14; fancy dark, 8 to 9; white, extracted 8 to 9. A. B. "WILLIAMS & CO. Dec. 4. 80 & 82 Broadway, Cleveland, Ohio. BUFFALO. N. Y.— There is very little new honey in the market, and the demand is very good. We quote as follows: P'ancy white, 15 to 16; No. I white, 14 to 15; fancy amber, 13 to 14; No. I amber, 12 to 13; fancy dark. 11 to 12; No. 1 dark, 10 to 11; white, extracted, 8 to 9; dark, 6 to 7; beeswax, 28 to 30. W. C. TOWNSEND, Dec. I. 86 West Market St., Buffalo, N. Y. BUFFALO, N. Y.— There is almost a honey famine in our market of fancy white comb. It is selling at 15 to 16: good to choice, 13 to 14 cents: other grades gto xi cents; We have a light stock of any grade, and would be glad to hear from any one having honey that is unsold. BATTERSON & CO. Nov. 29. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y. NEW YORK, N. Y.— Our market never was in belter condition for the sale of either comb or extracted honey. The causes for this are very- light stocks and the demand more active than in previous years; probably caused partially by the general report of a short crop. We always claim that sales made before the holidays are larger than those made afterward, as well as more profitable. Honey is selling to- day as follows: Fancy whit , 15 to 16; No. 1 white, 14 to 15: No. 2 white, 12 to 13; fancy amber, 12 to 13; No. 1 amber, 11 to 12; fancy mixed, 12 to 13; No. I mixed, 10 to 11; fancy buckwheat, ti to 12; No. I buckwheat, 9 to 10; extracted California white, 8%; light amber, H}{; while clover and basswood, 8'/:.; amber, 8. We are asking 710754' for buckwheat, but little trade being done. Flor- ida, and other grades of .Southern, 7 to SJ^, ac- cordingjto^qualitv. Beeswax very quiet at 2654 102754. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT & CO. Nov. 21. W. Broadway, Franklin & Varick Sts THE A. /. ROOT CO., JO VINE ST., PHILADELPHIA. PA BEE-SUPPLIES. Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doints. We want to save you freight. If You Wish Neat, Artistic ^p W El ^ Dark? Italn; 'itai I Golden 5 Italian G^ "cr IE IE 3^ 3 - Reared by the best methods known. Untested, single queen, 75 cts.; six for $4.00; one dozen, 1^7.50. Tested queens, just dotible these prices. Choice breed- ing qtieens, from fo.oo to fs.oo. Circu- lar telling how to introduce any^ kind of a queen, free. £ R. JONES. .3-98-12t Milano. Texas Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers are looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your name on a postal card, will bring you prices of queens, bees, nuclei, bee supplies, and a catalogue giving full particulars, ■tvith a full treatise, on how to rear queens, and bee-keeping for profit, and a sample copy of "The Southland Queen," the only bee paper published in the South. All free for the asking. 3-99-tt THE jnNNin ATCHI^BY CO., Beeville, Bee Co. Texas. Bee - Supplies. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's hone}^ jars. Prompt service. Low freight. Catalog free. Walter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave,, Indianapolis, Indiana. Only exclusive bee-supply house in Ind. Have it Doqe at the Review. ent JOHN FOR 14 CENTS X We wish to pain thi.iyear 211(1,0(0 • lu'w cuatomtTti, and hence offer S I \'ku- City Garden B.et, Idc A Pkg Karl'st Knierahl ('iiouniberl6c Z " La CrosBi' Market Lettuce. 16c X " Strawlierry Melon, 15c 2 " l:i Day Radish, lOc J " Early Ripe Cabbage, lUc • ' Early Dinner Onion, 10c ■ " Brilliant Flower Seeds, 15c ^ Wurth $1.00, for 14 ccntm. $1.(10 m •Above 10 PkRS. worth $1.00, we will # mail you free, together with our ■ great Catalop, telli n{» all about A SALZER S MILLION DOLLAR POTATO m upon receipt of this notice A14c. Z stamps. VVe invite yourtrade, and Z know when yon once try Sal zer's J Neetlw you will never '2..)(.. Gleanings in Bee Culture, one year f r.oo The Prairie Farmer, one year i.oo The A. B. C. of Bee Culture, one copy 1.20 Regular price for all 3.20 The Prairie Farmer is one of the lead- ing agricultural weeklies of the West and gives a vast amount of reliable informa- tion, and while we are able to ofTer it at a low price there is nothing cheap about it. If you are not familiar with the paper, write at once to theJPrairia Farmer, Chi- cago, ininois, for sample copy. The Reliable Poultry Journal of Quincy, 111., and the Poultry Keeper of Parkes- burg. Pa., both monthlies, are leading Poultry journals, and you will make no mistake in selecting either of these. Mc Clure's Magazine and the Cosmopolitan are too well known to need any comment. Winter Care of Horses and Cattle is T. B. Terry's second book in regard to farm matters; but it is so intimately connected with his potato book that it reads almost like a sequel to it. If you only have a horse or a cow it will surely pay you to inve.st in the book. It has 44 pages and four cuts. Maple Sugar and the Sugar Bush is a most valuable book to all who are interested in the products of our sugar maples. No one who makes maple sugar or syrup should be without it; 44 pages fuUv illustrated- The .A B C of Bee Culture, the only encyclopedia on bees, has already been described in this column. About 2,600 copies of the last edition have been sold since it came from the press late in Sep- tember. Specimen pages of this free. The A. I. Rodt Medina, Ohio. 30 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Queens. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, I2.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, Ir.oo; 6 for ^fs. 00. Untested, 75 cts. ; 6 for 14.00. W. H. I^aws, Round Rock, Texas. The Time has Arrived for you to buy your shipping cases, those five-gallon caiis, and a few hundred of the new Danz. cartons (send for .sample) to harvest that crop of honey in proper shape. We can furnish you with these and all other supplies. Cash paid for beeswax. Send for catalog. M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich. Please mention the Reuieuj. THE MILLION DOLLARPOTATQ Most talked of potato on earth ! Our Catalog tells— HO also about Sal- zer's Karliest Six Weeks' I'otuto. Largest farm and vegetable seed I growersin U.S. I'otatofs, jl.2()ant upabbl. Send this DOtice and 5c, |j?tfA.SALZER5EED ^-LA CROSSlv Waited Did yon know the Western Bee Keeper ha.s changed hands? C. H. Gordon is now Editor and Pnb. Every bee-keeper large or .small to send 15c for four months trial, — sam- ple copy free. 47 Good Block, Denver, Colorado. Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices, Our specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK. 62 Cortland St., N Y. City f'lease mention the Reuiew. Wanted !)v Your Honey. tion and price, THOS. C. STANLEY re will buy it, no mat- ter where j.'ou are. Ad- dress, giving descrip- 12-99-tf & SON, Fairfield, Ill.s. Now is the time for all Eastern and Southern Bee-Keepers to send in their orders for Bee- Hives and Bee-Keepers' Supplies. We have a special offer to make to all Eastern and Southern buyers. L,et us know your wants and we will lake pleasure in showing you that we can really .save you money over our Eastern Com])etitors. The reasons are two-fold. In the first place, we are located in the lumber region of Wi.sconsin, and get our supply of lumber direct from the mills; whereas, our Eastern competitors are buy- ing lumber in our State and paying freight on rough lumticr, which weighs much more than the finished product, to their Eastern factories, and then freighting the finished product back all over the West. In the second place, we support no branch houses or middle men. We sell direct to the consumer, and the only way a dealer can niake a pmfit off our goods is by buying the larger ees, just as there are scrub horses, cat- tle, sheep and poultry. Let me give my own ex- perience. Years ago, while li\-ingat Rogersville, I made a specially of rearing queens for sale. Before engaging in this work I bought Italian queens and Italianized, not only my own bees, but all within three miles of my apiary. In buying those queens I think that I patronized nearly every breeder in the United States: and even in those years of inexperience I was not long in noting the great difference in the differ- ent strains of bees. The queens from one par- tictilar breeder produced bees that delighted me greatly. They were just plain, dark, three- banded Italians, but as workers I have never .seen them equaled. They seemed posses.sed of a steady, quiet determinati n that enabled them to lay up surplus ahead of the others. Easier | bees to handle I have never seen. It sometimes I seemed as though they were too busy attending to their own business to bother with anything else. | Their honey was capped with a snowy whiteness rivaling that of the blacks. In addition to these desirable traits must be added that of wintering well. If any bees came through the winter it was the colonies of this strain. They came a-? near being ideal l>ees as any I have possessed. .\11 this was twenty years ago; and several times since then I have bought queens of this .same breeder, and I have always found this strain of bees pos.se.ssed of tho.se same good qualities — in- dustr>-, gentleness, and hardiness. In addition to this they cap their honey as the backs do theirs. I have frequently corresponded with this breeder, and with those who have bought queens of him, and I am thoroughly convinced that he has a strain of l)ees that are far superior to the general nni of stock. If I were starting an apiar>-, for the production of honey, I should un- hesitatingly stock it with this .strain of bees. This breeder has always advertised in a mod- est, quiet sort of way, nothing in proportion to what his stock would have warranted, and I have decided that I can help him, and benefit my readers, at a profit to myself, by ad- vertising these bees in a manner befittingly en- ergetic. The price of these queens will be $1.50 each. This may seem like a high price, but the man who pays it will make dollars where this breed- er and myself make cents; and when you come to read the conditions under which they are sold, it will not .seem so high. The queens sent out will all be young queens, just beginning to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicin- ity, it is not likely that any will prove impurely mated. If any queen should prove to be im- purely mated, another will be sent free of charge. Safe arrival in first-class condition will be guaranteed. In.structions for introducing will be sent to every purchaser, and if these in- structions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all; if, at any time within two years, a purchaser, for any reason whatevkr, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be refmided, and 50 cents extra sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seeti that the purchaser nuis no risk wh.atevkr. If a queen does not arrive in good condition, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is .sent. If she should prove impurly mated, another is sent. If the queen proves a poor lay- er, or the stock does not come up to the expecta- tions, or there is any reason why the bargain is not satisfactory, the queen can be returned and the money will be refunded, and the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. 1 could not make this last promi.se if I did not know that the stock is rkai.i.y sim-krior. I .said that the price would be $1.50 each. There is only one condition under which a queen will be sold for a le.ss price, and that is in con- nection with an advance subscription to the Re- view. Any one who has already paid me, or who will pay me, Si.oo for the Review for 1900, can have a queen for Si. 00 That is, you can have the Review for 1900 (and 12 back numbers) and a queen for $2.00. Of course, all arrearages must be paid up before this offer will hold good. This special offer is made with a view to the getting of new subscribers, and asan inducement to old subscril)ers to pay up all arrearages and to pay in advance to the end of next year. Of course it is now too late to send out r^. The American Bee Keeper is a live monthly and has been published by us for the past ten years— 50 cts. per year. W. T. Falconer A\fg. 60., Jamestown, N. Y. Mfg. Co. lieuji liondon. Wis. Nearness to pine and bass- wood forests, the possession of a saw - mill and factory fully equiped with the best of ma- chiuerj', and years of expe- rience, all combine to en- able this firm to furnish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices on a full line of supplies. fio pish-Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the \'an Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This style of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a 2'i'ry thin base, with the surplus wax in the side - walls, where it can 1)e utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely be distinguished from that built wholly by the bees. Being so thin, one pound will fill a large number of sectioTis. All the Trouble of wiring brood frames can be avoided by using the \'an Deusen wired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. j. van deusen, Sprout Brook, N. Y. 34 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ft m m m Golden Italian, 3 - Banded Italian, and Holy lands. We have secured our stock from the best breeders of the U. S., and now we are able to offer the best strains of the best races in America. Queen Rearing is our specialty; we have been at it for years, and this deparl- tnent is under the immediate super\'is- ion of our Mr. H. H. Hyde. We want the address of every bee-keeper for our queen circular which gives prices and methods of queen rearing, honey production, prevention of swarming etc. Prices, either race: — Untested June, July, Aug. and Sept. 75 cts.; 6 for S4.25. All other months, 51.00; 6 for S5.00. Tested, June, July. Aug. and Sept., $1.25; 6 for $6.75. All other months, $i..So; 6 for $8.00. Discounts for quantities. Select tested and breeding queens a specialty. \ ♦ O. p. HYDE & SON, i-oo-tf Hutto, Texas. ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 10 ft $ M m W '♦ ♦ This is the original one - piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, li.So; 1,000 for $3.00; 3,000 for |S.io; 5,000 for fi2.oo; 10,000 for 121.00. No. 2 sections are not made to order, but when in stock are sold at 1 1. 80 per M. /. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies j of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest WW ever made; and he sells it at prices that defy competition! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered ere. Millions o f Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and be your own judge. AUG. W.E/SS, Hortonville, Wisconsin. Losses are not always the result of the same cause. They may come from starvation; from poor food; from improper prepara- tions; from imperfect protection; from a cold, wet, or possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar, etc, Successful wintering comes from a proper combination of different conditions. Tor clear, conci.se, comprehensive conclu- sions upon these all-important points, consult "Advanced Bhe CuLTURiC." Five of its thirt)^- two chapters treat as many dif- erent phases of the wintering problem. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Rkvikw one year and the book for I1.25. Stamps taken, either U. vS. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich- ♦ ♦ ♦ CI ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW 35 Violin for Sale. I am advertising for tlie well-known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. F. Strattou it Son, of New York, and taking my pay in musical merchandise. I have now on iiand a fine vitjlin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Straiiiuarius, " Ked, French finish, liigh polish, and real ebony trimmings, price ^14.tK.i. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, (ierman silver shield, ebony screw-head, (ferman silver ferules, and pearl di>t in the enii, price J2. 50 The case is woihI with curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $:^ 50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $:;o 00. It is ex- actlythe same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more pi>werfnl. rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell ihison tit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z, HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. G. M. LiONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Reuiew. I am advertising for B. F. Stratton & Son, music dealers of New York, and taking my pay in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. I have already bought and paid for in this v^-ay a guitar and \-iolin for my girls, a flute for myself, and one or two guitars for .some of my subscribers. If you are thinking of buying an instrument of any kind, I should be glad to send you one on trial. If interested, write me for des- criptive circular and price list, saying what kind of an instrument you are thinking of getting. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. PUEENS $1 25 each, any price, and bees. Reared from imported moth- ers, warranted purely mated, 75 cents each. Breeders, No better stock to be had at Send for catalogue of queens DEANES & MINER; Ronda, N. C. HDake Your Ovs/n Hives. 3ee ^ Keepeps Will save money by usinj^ our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalogue. W.F.&JfiO. BARNES CO., :JS4 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. I 00 7t ijm^ 36 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Beeswax Extractor. The only Bees Wax Extractor in the world that will extract all the wax from old combs rapidly by steam. Send for descriptive illus- trated catalogue. C. G. F:nRRIS, South Columbia, N. Y. Patented I have several hnndred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson. Flint, Mich. f^Here we are to the Front for igoo with the new Champion Chaff - Hive, a comfortable home for the bees in summer and winter. We al- so carry a complete line of other supplies. Catalog free. R. H. SCHMIDT & CO. , 9-99-tf- Sheboygan, Wis. — If yoa wish the best, low-priced — TYPE - WRITER, Wrile to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he wtpld be pleased to send descriptive circulars or 1,0 correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing BDch a machine. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELbBUATED BirminghamSteelStrings ^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, Banjo .ItV- Finest Made. Extra Plated. BBAia MAf Warranted not to rust. Send for Catlg JOHN F. STRATTON. Imptrter, manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811, 810. 815, 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mention the Reuieto. 1900 Queens 1900 For Business— Queens for Strong Colonies — Queens for large surplus. Competion in Quality, but not in price. If you want queens, nuclei or supplies at bottom prices, send for my illustrated price list. 12-97-tr J. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga. Pleasp. mention the Reuiew. — If you are going to — BUY A BtlZZ-SAW, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. THE A, I. ROOT CO., JO VINE ST., PHILADELPHIA. PA BEE - SURRLIES. Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doints. We want to save you freight. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. ;e §ee-f\eepeps' Jvev'ie A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoiqey Producers. $L00 A YEAR. W. Z. HOTCfliMSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL XII, FLINT. MICHIGAN, FEBRUARY 10, 1900. NO. 2. HP I A R Y. HONEY - HOUSE, CELLAR, AND METHODS, USED IX PRODUCING EX- TRACTED HOXEY. BY HERBERT CLUTE. Mv apiary is located on a side-hill. It was "graded down to nearly a level, by cutting down 3"^ feet on the upper side and filling in nearly as much on the lower side. This gives a gen- tle slant towards the outer side. I have taken some pains to make the yard attractive by planting lilac bushes around it. I also have some flower beds, i Morning glories can be seen run- ning up over the front of the bee-cellar. — F^.) The honey -house is 18 x 30, and two stories high. The upper story is used for storing empty barrels, chaff cushions, empty supers, combs, etc. I use a Van- Allen & Williams extractor that will ex- tract four Langstrolh combs at one time. It is set about eight t c^jt to the left of one corner of the room, upon a bench that is twelve inches high. Between the ex- tractor and the corner of the room is another bench two feet high that extends clear to the corner of the room. In this bench, between the extractor and the comer of the room, is a hole cut through, and a tub set on the floor below the open- ing. The uncapping is done on the bench, by this opening, and the cappings drop through into the tub. From the same corner of the room, but extend- ing in the other direction, is another bench, two feet high, in which there is built a sink for holding two wash-dishes and a water pail. The "strainer-barrel" into which the honey is poured stands on a bench three feet in height. By having two benches running from the same cor- ner, the muss and work is all kept in a small compass, and by the use of a little water and a broom it is easy to keep the floor clean. Before we had this building to work in, we extracted in a little "shan- ty," and it was difficult to keep the floor and everything clean. The odor from the honey thus exposed would sometimes so arouse the bees that it seemed as though they would tear the whole building down in trying to get in. It aroused them to robbing. Since getting this new house, and keeping the floor and everything 38 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. clean, there is no trouble from the bees. We are often able to leave the door open at times when bees would rob, and there is no trouble. Each window has a screen of wire cloth to keep out the bees and flies, and allo«v the air to enter. At the top of each win- dow is a cone of wire cloth to allow the bees to escape. These cones are made by boring a hole^in a board, and pressing a piece of wire cloth into the hole by using a stick having a cone shaped end. Then, with a big spike, a hole is punched in the apex of the cone. These cones are some three inches long. The cellar is in the hill-side. It is of the Dadant pattern. It is ten feet wide, and extends into the hill about forty-five feet, and will hold 300 colonies of bees. The walls and roof are supported by heavy oak timbers placed eighteen inches apart. There are two ventilators; and two ante- rooms at the entrance. The floor is level with the apiary. Even the big, double, chaff hives, some of which I have in my apiary, are put into the cellar. These are pretty heavy to handle, so I usually wait until there is a little snow, when I set them, one at a time, on a sled, and slide them in. For carrying the combs to and from the yard I use boxes. Each box holds sixteen combs, which are just enough to fill an upper story to one of my chaff hives. One of these boxes full of empty combs is taken out and set down by the side of a hive. The cover to the hive is raised, the blanket over the combs turn- ed back, and one or two puffs of smoke sent down among the bees. As the combs of honey are taken out, the empty ones are put :n their places; thus, when the honey is all off, the bees have an empty set of combs. The box of combs full of honey is then carried in and set down by the extractor for the man in the bee- house to uncap and extract. As a rule, what few swarms I have are hived back in the old hive. In getting a swarm to cluster where I like, I use what I call an "echoing box." It is made of light lumber, has one or more sides of wire cloth, and is attached to the end of a pole. When a swarm comes out, a few bees are taken from the front of any hive where there may be a few hanging out, and put into this box. They are then blown upon by the breath, which causes them to set up a hunmiing or buzzing, which attracts the swarm and often caus- es it to cluster upon the box. After one or two swarms have clustered there it is not difficult to induce others to do the same. I keep a colony on a pair of scales. In 1 898 the colon}' on the scales stored 2 1 % pounds in one day. The best day's work in 1899 was i4}4 pounds. Greenwood, Wis. Jul}' 28, 1899. HALL WE ADOPT THE TALL SECTIONS? BY J. H. MARTIN. I note what Mr. Ochsner says, on page 396 of the Review, upon tall ver- sus square sections. The ground is well taken that be- r'''^-^^S^'?JSiJ'!.'|il!!i.'''''''!?j cause the tall section is a new thing it is not necessary for the bee keeper to change all the fixtures in a large apiary to the new style just at the say so of some L_ enthusiastic ad- mirer. It is t)er- haps a fact that the tall section will sell better than the square in some markets. Mr. Danzenbaker, the most enthusiastic admirer of the tall section, Jtells us that if the tall section is placed on sale beside the square section, that the purchaser will invariably choose the tall one, be- cause it looks larger than the square one. You will observe that in all the accounts THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 39 of better sale ami better prices that this coiitparison is brought up as the leading factor. Now suppose that every bee- keeper should sudtlenly change to the use of the tall section, and there would be none of the square sections on the market; the object of comparison being absent, would the price of honey in the tall section hold at any better figure than it does now ? I think not. Then there is another point: The bee keeper with a few crates of tall-section honey may get a little better price in his home-market where he can work it off, but suppose he has a carload of various grades, will the aggregate once for the lot amount to any more than the same amount of comb hon- ey in square sections ? Several years ago, while living in the East, I .saw a nice lot of honey put up in round sections. These sections were made of material that berry ooxes are made of, and they were really attractive. They looked taller and wider than the square section, and I have no doubt that there would be purchasers who would prefer this style of section. Suppose that when the tall section is well adopted some one should spring the round section upon the bee-keepers; then, when the round section was well established, some one should spring an octagon upon the bee-keepers; then wliere would be the end to the changes? It is well and fit- ting that we should have the different kinds, diversity leads to the better sale of honey, for if one style of package does not attract the eye of the purchaser, then another will. It is well to go slow in the adoption of new things. Those of us who have been in the business for a number of years have some marks upon the ends of our fingers yet where we were sadly burned with some new fangled invention. If I produce comb honey I shall prob- ably use the tall section; not because I think I will like it any better than the square section, but because I use the Heddon hive; and, as everything is new in my apiary, I can use the tall section better than any otht style. I work the bees mostly for extracted honey. The same super that I use for extracting I use for the tall section. By making the sec- tion-holder with a }i inch bottom-bar, and end pieces about an inch in thickness, the holder with four sections can be ad- justed to the hive the same as the regu- lar brood-frame, and there is no extra comb hone}' supers to handle; our brood- chambers and supers are all uniform. Had I a full complement of Heddon su- pers for comb honey in square sections I would not change for the sake of using the tall section. Los Angeles, Calif., Dec. 29, 1899. STABLISHING O U T - A P I A - RIES AND TRANSFERRING BEES. BY H. H. HYDE. As I am no hand to offer apologies, I am not going to offer any for condng into the Review's corps of correspondents. The subject of out- apiaries is a deep one, and, although I have had a great deal of experience in that line, I fear I shall not be able to do the subject justice. At the outset I wish it understood that the views herein ex- pressed are those of only two persons, my father (O. P. Hyde) and myself; also, as locality is such an important thing, that our views and methods might not work, in their entiret}', elsewhere, with- out alteration. It is not every bee-keeper who can suc- cessfully manage out-apiaries, any more than every man can be a bee-keeper. We will suppose, however, that the man contemplating starting an apiary, is fully competent to manage the same; if so, the first important consideration is the loca- tion. If possible locate where the bees can have access to timber, parairie and farms; water, also, should be at a con- venient distance. As to whether trees or shade-boards should be used, will be dis- cussed later. The out-apiaries should be as near home and as near one another as 40 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. possible, and not crowd the territory. Some localities are best suited for comb honey, and some for extracted honey, but I think that, in most localities, it will pay better to ru n for both comb and ex- tracted honey. A locality where forage comes into bloom early, and continues sufficiently to keep up brood-rearing un- til the main harvest comes is a very fa- vorable one. Having selected the locality, the next thing to consider are the bees and hives. I think the best results can be obtained with nothing smaller than a ten-frame Dovetailed hive. There are a great many reasons for this view, but they will be ex- plained later. In starting, some may have bees to transfer, and I will here give the plan adopted and used by my father and my- self in transferring over looo colonies. After securing the proper tools, prepare a box the size of a box-hive to be trans- ferred, and six to ten inches deep. Pro- ceed to the box-hive to be transferred , turn it upside down, place the transfer- ring-box on top of the box-hive, pry open a crack near the bottom of the box-hive, smoke slowly, and drum on the hive with a hammer or stick until the queen and part of bees have passed up into the transferring-box. Remove the old hive, leaving the box of bees on the old stand. Carry the old hive a short distance away, into a room is better, and pry it open, and cut out the best combs, fitting them into frames, and filling the remain- ing frames with foundation. Return the hive to the old location, and dump the bees into the hive. If there is a scarcity of honey, feed until the hives are filled with combs, brood and honey. This is a modified Heddon plan; and I think will come nearer suiting every body than any other method. Another good plan, where the apiarist is a careful man of experience, and is sure of a honey crop, is to place the new hive, filled with full sheets of foundation, over the old hive, making the connection bee- tight, by tacking on boards, etc, As sooa as the bees build into the new hive, and have the combs pretty well along, drum all the bees up into the new hive, and take the old box-hive away. Twenty days later drum the remaining bees into the new hive. If any queens are not prolific, or are dark, now is the best time to in- troduce new ones. In three or four days after the removal of the old box, if the honey flow wan ants, put on supers. HuTTo, Tex. Aug. 7, 1899. ^^ EES BITING CAPPINGS— IT |--^ MAY BE A MATTER OF LO- \Jj CALITY AND STRAIN OF BEES. BY F. GREINKR. In the November Review 30U criticise what I say in the American Bee-Keeper in regard to using bee-escapes after the honey-season has come to a close. I am thankful to anyone for good advice; and in this matter I think I can see the reason why I often fail in removing honey im- harmed by the use of the escape. Our honey -season generally closes by Septem- ber 1st; occasionally it lasts till the 15th of September — this late flow being caused by honey-dew. The weather after this time is cool, sometimes quite so, and we are obliged to remove the honey anyhow; although I always wait till it has warmed up during the noon hours. Our bees plaster on the propolis in great abun- dance during the later part of the season, and I do not find it an easy matter to pry loose a stuck-up super without a snap. I believe I am as careful in my operations as is practicable; and I would say that I do not in the least endorse the Coggshall — kick-off-metliod, nor practice it. Still, many supers I have taken off in past years during the later season are injured; par- ticularly near the center, next to the es- cape. During the month of July supers may be pried loose much easier, and with less disturbance than during September; that, I believe, you will have to concede; and that ma3- be the reason why you suc- ceed better than I have done. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 41 It occurs to me just now that there is another reason why my bees seem to act iHfFerently than yours do when an escape- board is inserted between the hive and super. I have reference to the behavior of dif- ferent strains of bees. A bee that is easi- 1}' irritated will, of necessity, act differ- ently when a certain operation is being performed, than one that has an easier disposition. My bees are a mixture of blacks, Italians and Carniolans, and are not as amiable as one might wish. I can conceive that the Carniolans, such as Prof. F. Benton told me about a few daj's ago, bees that may be handled a la Coggshall without any remonstrance on their part, will not bite holes in the cappings of their stores when treated care- fully at the time of inserting the escape- board. You see, Mr. Editor, the diflFer- ence between us may be one of locality and different strain of bees. Naples, X. Y. Dec. 22, 1899. R.\DING, PACKING AND SHIPPING HONEY. THE BENEFITS OF ORGANIZA- TION. BY R. C. AIKIN. How to properly produce, grade, pack and ship comb honey, is a very live question. I start b^- saying, how to prop- erly produce, be- cause if the work is not begun and largely accom- plished in the work of produc- ing, we never can properly grade and mar- ket. Instructions as to how to get our product in nice shape is much discussed, both on the pages of our journals, and in our con- ventions; but while this is so, many do not understand as they should. Very many do not take the journals, and very many more do not attend conventions. P>en many who do take the journals are not skilled in the science of apiculture. The fact is that this science is so new that it has scarcely gotten out of the misty, experimental stage. The strides have been very rapid the past 25 years or more, so rapid that one could scarcely keep pace with the advance. We are now, however, getting to something like a more firm basis, and if we could but get such knowledge as we do possess of the science, generally before the masses, the industry would flourish. In the December issue of the Review, I find an article touching this topic, written by Mr. Mandelbaum of the S. T. Fish company of Chicago. Mr. Mandelbaum has told a lot of truth in that article, and I wish to follow it up, and help to set our apiarists right. I shall use Mr. Mandel- baum's article as a text; and, while sup- porting him in the main, must offer some criticisms. We want to get at the truth and weed out error, and to do so I shall discuss this topic as set forth in the head- ing of this article. I know that a discus- sion of production properly comes first, yet at the risk of getting the cart before the horse I will begin a little farther along, where the honey is found in the honey house. 1 1 has never been my fortune to visit the great honey handling houses in the cities, nor to visit many of our large pro- ducers, but I have been a careful reader of our leading journals, and a practical apiarist for over 25 years. I have produ- ced and sold many car loads of honey, both comb and extracted. I visited the worhl's fair at Chicago in 1893 and saw the honey exhibits there, and altogether I believe I know pretty nearly what the trade demands, and wherein producers fail. Those who have read my writings the past few years, know that I have la- mented the way our product has been and is being put on the market. We have 42 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. not reached a general perfection in this line by a considerable. Mr. Mandelbauni truly says there are honest and dishonest beemen, just as in other pursuits. Last fall I personall}' handled about three car loads of honey; beisdes being a member of a company that handle-d as much or more. I bought one lot of comb that looked nice through the glass, yet behind it was all sorts of stuff; crooked, partly sealed and partly filled sections. Brethren, do not boast in print or othet"wise of the wonderful hon- esty of bee-keepers as a class; they are of same materal as other people. I am not going to lay down here a set of grading rules; honey varies in so many particulars that it is almost impossible to live up to a fixed set of rules. The grad- ing of honey is in a large measure a thing to be seen in order to know how to do it; and for this very reason, isolated apiarists, whether because of distance or simply be- cause they do not stir themselves and find out, cannot properly grade. If in every producing community there was a central depot or packing house, and the apiarists could haul their honey there to be graded, they would soon learn. There is one general rule that it seems to me should be followed by every produ- cer who produces for the retail trade (that means every one who sells on the general market or puts honey into the hands of the grocer direct), it is the use of separators. Scrape all the rough pro- polis off the sections, I do not sa}' all the stains, making the wood look neat. A planed board shows colors, it is not a rough board, plane the rough off your sections with a knife or similar tool so it is neat. For every grade above No. 2, have every section with no honey beyond the wood, and all the honey sealed. Pack in smooth and regular cases, and have the face show the average of the whole case. As for fastening of honey to the wood, never put in a section you would not risk any of your boys to take to the store, or that you would not dare to haul to mar- ket in a common wagon on ordinary roads and with reasonable care. Mr. Mandel- bauni says put your name on the case but never your address; but I saj' put on both, for then I know there will be very little dishonest grading. I must surely criticise Mr. Mandel- baum in advocating deception of custo- mers; selling them one thing, they hav- ing asked for and expecting another. Because the customer does not know the difference between one kind and another is no valid excuse for deceiving him. Begin to deceive and where will we draw the line and stop ? The proper way is to tell your customer what you have, the reputation of the goods, and get him to try them. Mr. Mandelbaum says pack the honey in large crates, eight cases to the crate, when shipped in less than car lots. I have never taken kindly to those bulky crates, and I cannot say that I believe them the best. I favor a smaller crate that a man can pick up and carry all by himself. Two cases in one crate are suf- ficient, and can be so crated as to be al- most invariably right to stand a shock, and less likely to be shocked. I approve the idea of crating the cases, but not so heayy and bulky. Several years ago I invented a crate which was described and illustrated in Gleanings in May 1898 page 380. I have used such a crate and know it is a good thing and am sure it is more safe than the big, two-man affair. I meant to say more about the name and address of the producer being on the case, and lest I forget it will say it here although a little disconnected. As I in- timated above, if a bee-keeper puts both name and address on his honey, it will be almost a guarantee that he will grade honestly, that is, to be the best of his judgment, for a producer would not be so unwise as to willingly and knowingly send out under his full name and address, goods that would be a detriment to his business. I can very easily understand that the middleman would want the ad- dress left off so that he might substitute THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW: 43 as Mt. Mandelbatitn has already told lis; and, also, that he iiiiyht keep the goods comins^ his way, which he did fio/ tell us. A retailer has a right to order direct from the producer if he sees fit, and a producer \\SiS a I'ig/it to t/ic irpiifalioii /lis product Sai'is. It is lik?ly there would be but a small proportion of producers get orders direct from the retailer, for the difference be- tween local and car load freights would make a large percent of the ditTerence, so that there would be little or no sav- ing; yet, if I produce a fine and trust- worthy article, and a retailer finds my name and address on my goods, many times I would get orders direct, even though the cost to the retailer w-as greater. Both the retailer and the cotsioner have a right to kiiozc where their goods come from, and the producer has a right to make his product kno.vn. I also refer you to "Armor advertising his articles; Pabst his malt; and Pearline;" and I say to the brethren, my fellow producers, ad- vertise your honey. Mr. Mandelbaum takes sides decidedl3' in favor of paying spot cash for honey. Amen. .hue)!. Amen'. Stick to that friend Mandelbaum, and peg away until the rest have to do the same. I have never "consigned" more than one or two little lots of honey; and, more, I never intend to. Money was made as a medium of exchange; and let' s use it. Thousands of commission houses that are worth their thousands are asking poor p'-oducers with hundreds or less to furnish them ad- ditional capital on which to do business — a shame and a disgrace. No wonder some producers disregard moral obliga- tions. I can say this: The house Mr. Mandelbaum represents bought much honey in Colorado last year that could not have been bought except for spot cash. Yes, I am glad so strong a house as the S. T. Fish company has set the pace inaugurating the cash basis. Some may say that I am inconsistent, because I am interested in a company that handles honey on commission. I am a producer, and, with other producers, have joined ourselves together into a co- operative stock company, and honey sold by our company pays its commission to defray expenses. Surplus over expenses is the property of those paying it in, and it goes back to them. This company is an association operating for mutual bene- fit and the benefit of all producers, but to be a lawful concern is incorporated under the laws of the State. I refer to it because of the fact that in Mr. Mandelbaum's article he speaks of having bought much honey in Colorado, and also of having some trouble with an association which did not live up to its contracts. I am glad to say to the readers of the Review that the association referred to by Mr. Mandelbaum was not the Colorado one. I want to call the attention of Mr. Mandelbaum to one part of his article that does a grave injustice to Colorado apiarists. It is this: Just at the close of page 365, beginning of last paragraph, is the following: "This was a year in Colo- rado's favor, for it had a crop, while many localities were without. We found some cases of comb honey that had moths, candied combs, partly filled combs, and interwoven combs," etc. Now, it would not be strange if some candied honey were found in Colorado stock, for some of our honey does candy freelv; but if Mr. Mandelbaum can tell us where the wax moth is found in Colorado I would be thankful. I am pretty familiar with the part of the State from which they bought honey the past fall, and I never heard of the bee moth in it. At our con- ventions many have asked about the moth, and it is a fact that I have never found moths here, nor any apiarist that even knows the moth, unless having made its acquaintance elsewhere. Combs can stand any where here for years and never a wax moth. Now my objection to the quotation which I have to make, is that it will be interpieted by 99 out of every 100 readers to mean that it was Colorado honey that had the moths in it, when 44 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. we do not have the insect here at all. Knowing this, I must infer that there has been a mistake, and that the honey that was so objectionable did not come from Colorado. I hope that Mr. Mandelbaum did not intentionally do the bee-keepers here an injustice; but to let that statement stand as it appeared, cer- tainly does reflect, andinjustly, upon our apiarists, and they feel the injustice, too. I am sure Mr. A. P. Lee, the man who bought the honey hereabotits, will say that he saw no evidence of the wax moth while he was among us. I must urge upon bee-keepers the ne- cessity of organization. "Why should every thing else be organized and we not ? Or- ganize into some kind of a mutual concern and take care of your own products. Do not make a great big company that shall come together as a body; and 25, 50, or 75 producers in convention try to do the business of the whole concern; but band together and select your best business men , a few of them, to do the business for the rest, and pay them for doing it. These directors or managers can keep posted about supply and demand, and can hold up prices to somewhere near vvliere they ought to be. Take as an illustration what Mr. Man- delbaum tells us in his article. He tells us that had his firm " been agents for the honey producers, we would have held every pound of their extracted at 10 cents, at producing points, because we knew of the shortage and requirements of the trade, but much of the honey was sold at producing points at 6 cents per lb. ' ' etc. His firm knew the honey ought to bring 10 cents, yet paid 6 cents and wanted it for less. Now, proper organization and business methods would bring to the notice of pro- ducers many things they cannot other- wise know, and can veiy easily advance the price 10 to 20 per cent. Why should buj'ers go about among producers and offer five cents for honey that is worth much more, and because they can buy from my neighbor at that, use it for a lever to pull me to the same price ? Just such things are done, and will continue to be done, until we organize and post our- selves. I know of a good many bee- keepers that, because of organization and co-operating, stiffened up the price so that they received more than enough to pay for the expense of their organization, over and above what they would have re- ceived had they sold independently. Organization means that we shall better understand each other, grade Vjetter, pack and market, and improve in all the details of the business. It is better for the pro- ducer because it will nut our pursuit on a better business basis; and better fof the buyer or middle man because there is more system and regularity in what* he gets from us. Through organization and system in preparing for and placing upon the market our product, is imperative; and we owe it to ourselves and patrons to accomplish it. We are charged with very unbusiness like ways, and we are guilty. By business I do not mean the sharp ques- tionable methods practiced by many, as taking advantage of the weak or ignorant, but straightfoward, fair and honorable methods of attaining a high and efficient system in our operations. LovEivAND, Colo. , Jan. 30, 1900. OMMENTS ON MR. MAN- DELBAUM'S ARTICLE IN DECEMBER REVIEW. BY \\\ A. H. GILSTRAP. It appears to me, as a honey producer, that Mr. Mandelbaum's article in the December Review has some splendid points; also some that should not pass without challenge. Various phases of the honey business look one way to Mr. Mandelbaum, and, of necessity, another way to me. He buys large amounts to sell again. I pro- duce small amounts to sell — but little over 18 tons in my best year. The most de- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 45 liijhtf 111 work for me is to rear queens and produce honey — and sell the honey. No piano ever made as sweet music to my ears as does the hum of bees. Yes, many bee-keepers are dishonest. I truly believe that most of the men in any occupation stay with a deal only when selfish motives dictate. Every season there is more or less hon- ey dew along the San Joaquin River. Strange as it may seem, bees store the vile stuff in their hives. There is a class of customers who desire it; at a reduced price, of course. Some honey, largely of this class, I consigned to Messrs. W. G. Lowry & Co., San Francisco, at 4>^ cents per pound. \'ery likely / could not have sold it so well; but they know the trade; and, so far as I can learn, are strict- ly honest and capable. Of course, to buy it outright they would buy at the lowest price they could, to compete with others who do the same. The honey dealer is of necessity a bull and a bear. It just de- pends whether he is driving a purchase or a sale. Competition reduces the profits that would otherwise accrue to the deal- er. When dealers unite we call it a trust, and wonder how they \\'\\\ regulate the laws of supply and demand; for the forces of Nature are set at naught, or almost so, by such men. When bee-keepers unite for the same purpose we call it an E.i- chatige. If light honey comes in rapidly, my advice is to put much of it in the sections; everything packed in good shape. Slow flow and dark honey should always be extracted. Honey may contain much honey dew, yet the San Francisco trade handles it very satisfactorily under the name of "tule honey." A wholesale dealer in Fresno told me he would give more for honey with "a strong bee taste," because it could stand more glucose, and still pass for honey. He says he sells to Eastern dealers, and they all "mix." Perhaps the strangest part of Mr. Man- delbaum's article is where he wants the cases marked so as to protect hi)n, and yet allow him to sell alfalfa and basswood for white clover. I don't know what you call that. One point farther: If he sells a case marked '•}. F. Mclntyre " the purchaser can not tell who to send to for more, except to send to S. T. Fish & Co. But, suppose the case is marked, "J. F. Mclntyre, Sespe, Calif.," the customer may send to California for his next honey, and S. T. Fish .S: Co. have lost a customer. "The gross, tare and net should be on the case." For comb honey that is pro- bably the best. Pass this rule along. When a strong house takes a stand for actual tare, tell other honey producers about it; tell dealers about it who insist on "estimating" you out of your honey; tell them and inake them hear. Such testimony from Eastern houses has been so persistently handled in central Cali- fornia that "estimated robbery'' is now in its death struggles here. Some San Fran- cisco houses now recommend actual tare. With extracted we usually put 60 lbs. in each can and mark the case " 1 20 lbs. net. ' ' In the last paragraph he touches a very important po'nt when he refers to Con- gress eliminating adulteration. Several have stated that Congress can not forbid adulteration; onl}' prohibit its transpor- tation between the States. So far as I can learn, the statement was first made by Mr. Abbott; who ought to be posted on the subject. The "general welfare clause" of the Constitution surely would permit of such legislature; providing there is not some modifying court decis- ion or law that has not come to my notice. Gr.wson, Calif., Jan. 5, 1900. PROTEST; AND A DEFENCE OF THE COLORADO HON- EY PRODUCERS' ASSOCIA- TION. BY FRANK RAUCH- FUSS. In the December number of the Review appeared an ambiguous article by M. H. Mandelbaum, which will be un- 46 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. derstood by the average reader as affect- ing the reputation of Colorado bee-keep- ers and their product. An association was also referred to; and, as the association I represent is the only honey marketing organization in Colorado which has sold any honey to S. T. Fish & Co. during the past season, I have been instructed by its board of directors to present a brief account of those dealings. The Colorado Honey Producers Asso- ciation sold, during the past season, two carloads of comb honey to S. T. Fish & Co. ; all being of first quality, except 126, which was second grade and sold as such. Every case of our honey zvast>lai)ily mark- ed, either with stencil, or otherwise, so it could be readily identified, and a bill ac- companied each car giving ihe number of cases, and the markings and weights of each separate lot. The firtn's buyer, Mr. Lee, examined each lot of honey in our store at Denver before accepting it. He has expressed himself at different places that the honey he bought of our associa- tion was very fine, and we have so far not received one word of complaint from said firm. The loading of our honey, as well as the bracing, was not done by car- penters, but by members of our associa- tion, and at our own expense. The claim of Colorado honey being in- fested with moths, is amusing; as there are no wax moths in existence in this State. We believe we have good reasons to be proud of our Colorado Alfalfa honey, and, therefore, we don't relish the idea of having it palmed off as white clover hon- ey, basswood honey, or what else (see page 364, second column); we therefore 7iot only ivant our names on the cases, but also the addresses, so that people will know where the honey has been produced. 11 e recognize that this is the only way to es- tablish a reputation for our product. Denver, Col. Jan. 12, 1900. MPROVEMENT IN BEES— SOME OF THE FIRST STEPS TO BE TAKEN. BY L. A. ASPINWALL. In the December Review, Mr. J. E. Crane touches a responsive chord in my field of progressive bee culture. I have been work- ing steadily the past six years to improve my stock of Italian bees; and, although having believed a decade would show but little improvement, I find, however, some progress has been made. Most bee-keepers know how abscond- ing swarms are frequently attracted by the busy hum of an aggregation of colo- nies, causing them to discontinue their flight and cluster. I have had several such become citizens with my bees. While the majority have been brown bees, and seemingly quite small, the past season brought me a swarm of pure Ital- ians, which are exceedingly gentle. At first supposing them to have issued from one of my colonies, I caged the queen, hoping they would return to the parent colony. To my surprise they proved to bean absconding swarm; no attempt be- ing made to enter any of the hives. But what impressed me most, was the com- parative difference in size between those bees and mine; and, although I realized that a slight improvement had been made by careful selection and breeding, I now know it is greater than I first supposed. For the benefit of all interested I will state my method of procedure. As friend Crane '-einarked, queens having a pedigree are the least subject to atavism, or recurrence to an ancestral type; so those colonies having made the best re- cord for a succession of years, were sel- ected to breed from. However, many THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 47 characteristics were taken into considera- tion. But, before undertakinj^ the work, an effort to eUniinate all undesirable traits was attempted. This special work I con- sider the first step requisite to rapid and permanent improvement. Let us note some of the undesirable traits to be eliminated. Possibly I ma}' be rather particular in my desire to weed out; but thoroughness in all things is the key to success. So I began by su- perseding the queens of all colonies hav- ing a vindictive disposition, supplanting them with others reared from my best tempered colonies. In this selection I have also been careful to avoid other un- desirable traits; among which is the ten- dency to build an excessive amount of burr-combs. I have found this latter type to concentrate their eflfoits, instead of expanding in securing the largest yield of comb honey; to say nothing of the objectional trait, necessitating fre- quent scraping of the top-bars and su- per bottoms. So this necessitated the supersedure of queens in all such colonies. Then, again, most bee-keepers have noticed that some colonies are less pro- lific than others — notably so for genera- tions. I here speak of colonies, believing the queens are not altogether at fault. As strong colonies, other things being equal, store the greatest amount of honey, it is evident that the unprolific queens should be superseded. With chronic unprolificness, bad tem- per, and the burr-comb tendency elimin- ated, we now begin to improve our stock by selecting the best honey gathering colonies, which must contain, not only the largest workers, but queens and drones, all having good and uniform markings. Here, demands are forth- coming for the reslricitive breeding of inferior drones, they bring the greatest impediment to the successful breeding of improved stock. Parenthetically, let me say, that artificial comb would be a great factor in the improvement of bees. It would allow the production of drones from desirable colonies only. Speaking of queens, I am aware that many of our successful queen breeders contend that small queens are fully equal to those which are larger. Still, if size of the workers is to be increased, parent- age will sustain the law of heredity. Under no circumstances do I retain a small or dark queen; believing, as I do, that the Italian variety of bees are but — tlioroughbreds. Since the first importa- tion of them into this country, I have found the queens far from being uniform in color. Distinct varieties in nature are alike in color and markings. The drones, having no sire, are the best test of the progeny of large queens. Those who decide that the progeny of small queens is equal to that of large ones, have possibly been looking at the business end, the workers. But they have a sire, and partake of charac- teristics from both sides, consequently, maintain a fair average. So thoroughly am I convinced of this, that in my best efTorts, the drones receive a share of attention. Having one queen which produces extra large drones, I have re- queened nearly one-fourth of my colonies from her daughters; most of them pro- ducing fine workers and drones. All efTorts to improve our stock of bees should be eclectic — we should follow every possible lead. Queens reared very earl}' in the season, or previous to the drone period, I have generally found in- ferior; while those reared in September have proved my very best. The limited period of egg laying which follows late impregnation, undoubtedly tends to con- serve their vitality for another season. The promiscuous breeding of drones is doubtless unfavorable to the production of improved stock. It tends to a general nrixing instead of developing desirable characteristics. The principle object of requeening one-fourth of my colonies from daughters of the queen producing large drones, was to aid in preventing the promiscuous breeding of them. 48 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. With artificial comb, an elimination of them in all but the one colony would, in my judgment, be the best course to pursue. However, by limiting their pro- duction, except in their choicest colonies, a steady gain may be expected. Referring to desirable characteristics, I made no mention of hardiness, or the ability to withstand severe winters, hav- ing no difficulty in wintering my bees. What I most desire is an improvement in size of the workers, queens and drones, together with honey gathering qualities. Any improvemement in size must nec- essarily be slow; unless we allow new combs to be constructed every season by the improved bees. Although having made slight progress in this respect as already stated, also in honey gathering qualities, still, using the old combs year after year, must tend to keep them dwarfed. Jackson, Mich. Jan. 24, 1900. ;^>^>'^^r^^^^^^j,:f<:^ IZE OF HIVES AND THEIR PROPER MANAGEMENT IN PRODUCING COMB HONEY. BY L. STACHELHAUSEN. In the hive-question the discussion is stopped. I think myself that nothing new would come PP'^^T'^"''^'^"^^ out of further dis- cussion; neverthe- less, I am not con- vinced that your opinion is right. If you say it is no diiference, wheth- er the same num- ber of bees is in one hive or in two, this is against all practical experi- ence. I know, that a colony of 20,000 bees may store no surplus honey at all; one of 30,000 may store 20 lbs. and one of 60,000 not only stores 40 lbs., but 120 lbs., may be more. This is my and many other bee-keepers' experience. Old rule: — Get your single colonies as strong as possible for the main honey flow. It is against the theory of the useless consumers to keep more and weaker col- onies. I want my colonies just strong enough to secure their existence from the time after the honey flow till early spring, not stronger, as yours are; and we get this, if the queen is worked to her fullest capacity from early spring till to the honey flow. The queen overworked, as you say, does not lay so many eggs dur- ing the honey-flow as before. This is the reason why I said that in small hives will be more brood comparatively, when we do not need it. Rule:— Get as many bees for the honey-hars-est as possible and as few as possible .vhen they are con- sumers only. But I understand your position as a comb-honey-man very well. You and many other bee-keepers know, by practi- cal experience, that you get more honey from small hives, but the question is why? When the honey-flow commences the large brood-nest will be in such a condi- tion that the bees will hardly work in the sections at all. You want the brood- nest full of brood during the honey-flow, so the honey is forced into the sections, but an overworked queen may not fill even a contracted brood-nest. That is all true, and the production of comb-hon- ey will be unprofitable, so much so that years ago I quit it entirely. You over- come this difficulty by using small brood chambers in the spring, but hereby re- nounce a full development of the colony, and raise more useless consumers, as Doolittle puts it. The problem is, to use a hive and man- agement, bv which a single colony is de- veloped to the most possible strength be- fore the honey-harvest, and then to bring it into a condition which forces the bees to work in the sections at once. Since I do this I can get nearly as much comb- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REViEW 49 honey as extracted by using a large brood- nest in the spring. The whole thing is quite simple. I use your method, which you published in a little book years ago, but I do not wait for the swarms; I make them artificially when it is time to set the sections on the hives. These colo- nies always work like a natural swarm. If we wish, we can use Heddon's method lu prevent after-swarms, and draw all the young bees from the brood-combs to the swarm. I could tell a lot of advantages of this method. Converse, Texas, Dec. 5, 1899. Department of riticism CONDUCTED BY R. L. TAYLOR. The best critics are they Who, with what they gainsay, Offer another and better way. IMPROPER APPUCATION OF THE I.AW OF "THE SURVIVAI^ OF THE FITTEST." In Gleanings, 829, Mr. A. J. Wright ex- plains his method of preventing after- swarms. About the time the cells are to hatch, he puts a guard of perforated zinc to the entrance of the hive, and leaves it a few days until the cells are all hatched or destroyed and all young queens killed but one. He says: "I now remove the zinc and have the best queen of the lot, on the plan of the survival of the fittest." The idea of thus securing the survival of the fittest is one not seldom met with in apicultural writings. I am at a loss, how- ever, to understand how the principle applies; or, at least, I feel an impulse to inquire: The fittest for what? It would bring some of our troubles to a happy conclusion if the answer might truthfully be: The fittest to produce workers destin- ed to beat all others as honey producers. We might then, with a good conscience, bid aM»UF»» Home-Made Buzz-vS.wvs can often be made to do excellent work. I have seen several, including two that I made my- self, that did about as good work as any foot power saw could do. Mr.C. H. Pierce, of Wisconsin, describes, in Glean- ings, the manner in which he rigged up an old bicycle so that it could be used in running a saw. The back wheel is used for a band-wheel and gives the saw a speed of about 3500 revolutions a minute. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 53 Harry LaThrop, of Wisconsin, will tell the readers of the Review, next month, how he produces extracted honey with eight-frame hives; and I will give a view of his home-apiary — the^very pic- ture of comfort and neatness. ■»»>i»uped safely to almost any point. Mr. .Vikin's favorite method for pack- ing for shipment was to put these pails inloconnnon, cheap cracker-barrels, pack straw between them, head the barrels up, and, presto I thev are ready for any kind of rough handling, and for almost any distance 1)y rail. It developed in the discussion that very manv were fond of candied honey; and Mr. Aikin had no doubt been responsible for educating consumers in his locality to the palatability of honey in that form. SUPERIOR BREEUIXG OUEENS. Why the Queens of some Breeders do not Come Up to Advertised Qualities; Con- iroilinii the Parentage of both sides; Another Rt-tord-breaking Queen. Our'huesand methods of management are probably not perfection, but they are pretty fair, at least; our methods of put- ting up honey and marketing it may pos- sibly be considerably improved; but at present the most promising field in which to turn our energies loose si in that of im- proving our stock. Too many of us look upon bees as bees, in something the same way as a country merchant buys butter — it's all butter. The man who has kept bees many years, trying diflferent strains, and keeping his eyes open, well knows that there is a great difference in bees. The most of us know this. The trouble is that we do not put our knowledge in- to practice. Right in this line of thought. Gleanings publishes a nio.st excellent article by that veteran, J. V. Mclntyre, of California. Mr. Mclntyre also points out the difficulties to be encountered in securing good stock, and tells of his final success. Here is the article: — I have never advertised queens for sale, but have bought queens from every breed- er in this country who claims to have any- thing superior, and I am sorry to say that I am general!}' disappointed. Why is it that we are so often disappointed in buy- ing the daughters of a queen claimed to be very superior stock ? These daugh- ters should be all that is claimed for their mother, and we are disappointed if they are not. There are several reasons why the young queens may not be as good as we expect from reading the advertisement. First. The claims may be exaggerated; but I have charit}' enough to think that this is not where the trouble generally comes in. Second. The young queens may not be as well reared as their mother was. I believe this is true in about ninty-nine cases in one hundred. We find a very superior queen in the apiary, probably raised under the superseding impulse, and start out to duplicate her by starting a large number of cells from her larvie in a queenless colony, or in a super above a queen-excluder, which is about the same thing, as the bees regard that part of the hive as harmless; and the result is a lot of queens below the average in qual- ity. To duplicate your fine breeder the young queens must be reared as close to nature's best way as possible. The Doo- little cells placed in the middle of a brood- chamber, where the colony is supersed- ing its queen, or preparing to swarm, give the best results in my hands, and the superseding colony is better of the two. Third. The young queens may not have married as well as their mother, and their chiblren inherit a lazy disposi- tion from their father. .\s in the human family, this is a hard matter to control, but it is best done by laising an abun- dance of drones from an equally good queen in no way related to the one you rear queens from, and by killing inferior dro7ies. I'ourth. Queens are often injured by long confinement in the mails, especial- ly if they are laying rapidly when caged and shipped. When a queen comes out with a swarm she is in the best possible condition for a long journey by mail. The overies are then small, and not so liable to injury as when they are large and full of eggs. Larger cages should be used for ship- ping valuable breeding-queens. The ex- port Benton cage is none too good to mail a 58 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. breeding-queen from the East to Califor- nia, and the long-distance Benton is about right for all others. This subject of superior stock is now the most interesting to me of any connect- ed with- the bee-business. I am interested in the statements made by Mr. Wright, on page S29, about a queen which he calls '•Sweetheart," and would pay fifty cents more than the regu- lar price paid for one of her daughter's select tested, and one dollar more if the young queen \\ as reared in a colony su- perseding its queen and mailed in an ex- port cage; and if you could insure her mating with a drone from as good stock as herself, which would make the young queen as good as her mother, you might add another fifty cents. Seven years ago I bought a queen from a man named Wallace, who advertised that he was rais- ing queens from Dadant's best stock. I raised about twenty queens from this one to test the stock. The next season was a dry one, and most bees had to be fed to keep them alive; but several colonies out of the twenty filled their supers with honey. Next season, 1S95, I bred from the best of these; and in 1.S96, which was another dry vear, this strain again filled their supers when others were starving. I have had many colonies of this strain which I considered ideal bees, and think that they have been improved by breed- ing from the very bcst each )-ear. The present year was a very dry one, but I have one colony of this strain that filled 2^2 ten-frame L. supers; and I wrote in my record-book, after the number of this hive, that such bees would make a man rich. They are beautiful, pure Italians, light three-banded, queen large and yel- low, and very prolific. I have raised about 200 young queens from her, and they are all like their mother. Her bees are gentle. She was one year old last July, and has never swarmed; and this strain does not swarm half as much as any other strain in my apiary. It is rare for me to become enthusiastic over a queen; but when a colony shows a mark- ed superiority over 600 others in the same apiary, it is a rare thing. Editor Root comments as follows: — You have very fairly and candidly set forth some of the reasons why queens of good mothers do not equal the original stock. It is true, that some of those (not all) that travel long distances in mailing-cages do suffer more or less from confinement, exposure, and rough hand- ling; and that is one reason why I have been urging every honey-producer to l«arn to rear his own queens by the Doo- littlemetliod; and while referring to that method I agree with you, that those rear- ed under the swarming or supersedure impulse are much superior to those rear- ed by the other plans. A colony that is about to supersede its queen we consider a prize; and if we can get four or five of them, we feel that we are in clover. But, of course, when we have no such colonies WQ use the next best — i. e. , bring about the swarming impulse artificially by feed- ing a little every day ; but even then an actual honey-flow is ahead. With regard to your breeding-queen, the one that has made such a fine show- ing, we hereby give you an order now for three of the best of her daughters, if you will sell them, to be sent next sum- mer, you to set your own price. We would make you an offer for the breeder; but, even if you accepted, by the time she arrived here through the mails she might be almost worthless as a breeder, es- pecially if she were getting to be old, and it would be not wise to take chances on such a queen. Yes, sir; when one colony shows such manked superiority over 600 others in the same apiary it is indeed a rarity, and that queen is a prize. I hope you will supply other breeders with your stock as well as ourselves, for the time is surely at hand when better honey-queens rather than better colored ones should be sought. —Ed.] Honey Quotations. The following rales for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rales. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all foQF sides ; both wood ami comb niiBoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — -All sections well filled, bat combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoLled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," No. 1,, dark,"' etc. KANSAS CITY.— We quote as follows: No. i. white, 14; No. 2 white, 13; No. i. amber, 13; dark, 1 2 J4; extracted, white, 7^2 to 8; amber, 7 to 7^; dark, 5 to sJ^.; beeswax, 22. C. C. CLEMONS CO., Dec. 26. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 59 CHICAGO, 111.— At present the demand for honey is somewhat slow, bu we anticipate more inquiry and better prices. \\ e quote as follows: Kancv'white, 15; white, 13: amber, 12; dark, 10; white, extracted, 8 to 9; amber, 7 to 8; beeswax, 2S. S. T. FISH & CO., Jan. 25. 1S9 .So. Water St., Chicago, Ills. XKW YORK. — Stocks of comb honey are very light, and we could use some to good advantage. We quote as follows; Fancy wliite. 15; No. i white 13 to 14; fancy amber. 12 to 13; No. 1 amber, 11 to 12: fancy dark, 11; No. 1 dark, lo; white, extract- ed, SS; amber 7'/;; dark, 6; beeswax, 27 to 28. HILDRETH & SKGEI^KEN. Dec. 22. 120 West Broadway, New York. BUFFALO. N. Y.— There is very little new honey in the market, and the demand is very good. We quote as lollows: Fancy white, 15 lo 16; No. I white, 14 to 15: fancy amber, 13 to 14; No. 1 amber. 12 to 13: fancy dark. 11 to 12; No. i dark, 10 to 11; white, extracted, S to8'/3;dark, 7 to 7j/i; amber, 7';. to S; beeswax 28 lo 30. W. C. TOWNSEND, 86 West Mark U St., Buflalo, N. Y. Jan. 23. Bl'FFALO, N. Y. — Fancy comb honey is in great demand; and all grades move well. Two- thirds value advanced on arrival when desired. Please write ns. We quote as follows; Fancy white, 16 to 17; No. i white, i.s to 16; fancy amber 12^ to 14: No. I amber, 10 to 11; fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. I dark, 8 to 9; white, extracted, 7 to 8; amber, 5^3 lo 6; dark, 5; beeswax, 28 to 30. BATTERSON & CO. Jan. 23. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y. CHICAGO, ILL.— We quote best white comb at fifteen cents. An occasional small lot of fancy sells at sixteen; off grades of white, twelve to fourteen cents; ambers ten to twelve cents. Ex- tracted, eight to nine cents for fancy white, sev- en to eight cents for amber, six to seven cents for dark grades. Beeswax twcn2y-seven cents. Receipts are larger and the demand is not as good as it has been. Jan. 8. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 So. Water .St., Chicago, 111. NEW YORK, N. Y.— There is a .steady demand for all grades of comb honey. The receipts are not heavy. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15 to 16; No. I white, 13N t<> 14'/$; amber, '11 to 12: buckwheat, 9 to 11. Extracted honey is steady- at the following prices: California white, SJ'^ to 9; light aml)er, 8 to S'X; white clover, 8',;ambier, 7'/; We are asking, for extractcrl buckwheat, 6'j to 7 cts. for kegs, and 7 to 7' . lor tins, according to quality, but with ven,- little trade. Florida ex- tracted honey, 8 to S',. liglit amber, 7'/, to 8; am- ber, 7 to 7'2. Other grades of Southern at from 75 to 80 cts. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax, a little more active at from 27 to 28 per lb. 3^" I Golden Italian .*M«^*ir« ■.•o^ii^a.' Dark 5 Italn^ G^ TT DE IE 1ST 3 . Reared by the best methods known. Untested, single queen, 75 cts.; six for $4.00; one dozen, I7.50. Tested queens, just double these prices. Choice breed- ing queens, from fe.oo to I5.00. Circu- lar telling how to introduce any kind of a queen, free. £ R. JONES. 3-98-12t Miiano, Texas Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers are looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your name on a postal card, will bring you prices of queens, bees, nuclei, bee supplies, and a catalogue giving full particulars, with a full treatise, on how to rear queens, and bee-keeping for profit, and a sample copy of "The Southland Queen," the only bee paper published in the South. All free for the asking. 3-99-tf THE JMNNm ATCHLEY CO., Beeville, Bee Co. Texas. Bee - Supplies. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's honey jars. Prompt .service. Low freight. Catalog free. Walter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave,, Indianapolis, Indiana. Only exclu-sive bee-supply house in Ind. Jan. II. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT & CO. W. Broadway, Franklin &Varick Sis FOR 14 CENTS i We wish to pain this y oar i;(Kl,(l( 0 9 new customers, and h ence offer "^ 1 I* kg. City Garden Bi et, Idc 1 Pkg Earl'st Emerald CucumberlSo 1 " La Crosse Market Lettuce, 16c Strawberry Melon, 15c Vi Day Radish, Icic Early Ripe ('atiljape, Idc Early Dinner Onion, Itic 3 •• Brilliant Flower Seeds, 15c Worth 91.00, for 14 ccntH. JTlio Aliove 10 Pkcs. worth $l.(Ki, we will mail you frie, together with our gr>at Uatal lie, telling all about SALZER S MILLION DOLLAR POTATO upon receipt of this nntirp & I4c. stamps. \V«' invite yourtrade, and i^ know when you once try .Sal zer's ini-imIn yi)U will never do without. 'i»a0— rar- eHt earli"stromat<) Giant on earth. F:- 92 [Join A. s.ti./.i'.K bCKixo., i.A * kos.se, wih. m 6o THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. The ABC Bee Culture. Read what Dr. C. C. Miller says in the National Stockman: — " Not a bad index of the advancement of bee culture in this country is the fact that besides two or three other good books on bee-keeping, the A B C of Bee Culture has been so extensively used that it has reached its 67th thousand. The name is rather a misnomer, suggesting as it does a small primer for children. Instead of that it is the most comprehensive work in the English language pertaining to bees, and a more appropriate name would be The Encyclopedia of Bee Culture. It con- tains 437 pages measuring 9>4 by (iV^ in- ches each. It is profusely illustrated with fine pictures, many of them full page, and is printed on elegant paper in clear type that is a delight to the eye. It was first written by A. I. Root some- thing more than twenty years ago, but bee-culture is not a science that is at a stand-still, so during all these years the book is kept standing in type, and w-ith every advance in bee culture there has been a change in type, so that the book, now double its original size, is just a lit- tle in the condition of a boy's jack-knife; he lost a blade and had a new blade put in, then the handle was broken and he got a new handle; but still it was 'the same old knife. ' The work has been ably revised lately by E. R. Root, son of A. I. Root, also a skillful and experienced'bee- keeper, and the whole is entirely up-to- date and practical. For one who has a single colony of bees, and who desires a work to which he can confidently turn for an answer to the thousand and one ques- tions constantly coming up in practical bee-work, it would be hard to invest |i.2o more profitably than to send for Root's A B C of Bee Culture." See what F. Danzenbaker, inventor of the Danzenbaker hive says: — "Mr. E. R. Root: — I have read former editions of the A B C of Bee Culture, and I have carefully read all of the lastest. It is so greatly improved, and brought down to date, brimful of the latest expe- riences of the most successful methods in all departments, that it might well be re- christened 'Bee-keeping from A to Z.' The hundreds of expensive and beautiful illustrations display to the eye what the text conveys to the mind, in a way to cov- er the entire field of apiculture, for be- ginners and veterans alike. It is worth many times its cost to a be- ginner with but a single colony, and to those who have handled hundreds of col- onies half a lifetime as well. It would have been worth thousands of dollars to me if I could have had such a book forty years ago, and I would not take 150 for the copy I have now if I could not get another. If it could be placed in every school and library in our land, for the instruc- tion of the masses, it would greatly in- crease the consumption as well as the pro- duction of honey, adding greatly to the health and wealth of the people." Sold by dealers in bee-keepers' supplies, or sent post-paid on receipt of |i.2o. vSee our advertisement on back cover. The A. I. Root Medina, Ohio. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 6i ■imiitrawimiaiiiiiiieaiiriiriiBiiiiiiiiiaiiiinniBiininiigniiii'.aiimniiaiiMi ■iiiiKifiniiiuiliiiiiiinSiiiiiiii'liiiimiifliiiiiiiiiiiiujiiiiSiiiiiii'iiiiiiiii'iiiiiii '' |iiiiiiii ■iiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiii|iiiiiiip|mi| ll|llllllir|lllllllllilllllUll|lll|llll'S:„'„3 QUEENS H Wn^Barnber, ■IIUIIB ■iiima Are iiiy specialtj-. I have 500 colonies and can, if necessary, run 1,000 nuclei. I shall have two experienced apiarists in my employ. I can begin sending out queens of this year's rearing as early as March; and throughout the whole season 1 shall send them By Return A\2^il. My bees are Italians, from imi orted stock, al.so from Doolittle, as well as from .selected home bred stock. Prices are as follows : Untested. ■iinip $1.00; 3ix for *5 00; twelve for J9.00. ! i Tested. Si., so: six for 58.50; , twelve for |"""f $i5-0'v Rest breeder, 54.00. n Root's Goods imnp = I At Roofs prices, plus carload rate of §"""■ freight. 2-00-tf jj W.O.Victor, i,„i Wbz^rton, T^xas. f''"i^i,,iiahi:ini>Bmiiitgiiiiiiiii|iniingiiinnniinii>iiBiiriuiiiiiiiii!imiiiiniiaMiiiiiia iiikiiMiilfiiiiiii«liiiliialouiiiil»niiii|iiiiuiiiliiiuNcliiiiiiiiiliiiiiiinl iiiiir Of Mt. Pleasant, Mich., has his own saw-mill, and a factory fully equiped with the latest machinery, located right in a pine and basswood region, and can furnish hives, sections, frames, separators, shipping cases, etc., at the lowest possi- ble prices. Making his own foundation enables him to sell very close. Send for samples and prices before buying, and see how you may save money, time and freight. Bee-keepers' supplies of all kinds kept in stock. 12-99-it I<:f,l1ll!liin ■iiiiiiinBiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiimiiiiiumiiiiiiiii |ini!iii'aililiiiniiiiiiii:BiniiiiiBiii ■iliiiiiililliiiil'llliiiliilliiiiiinliil A Vetereirj. 1 1 This smoker has been i""i in use in the apiary of i""i the editor the Review for ! "I the past ten years, and, i f SO rar as practical use is | | concerned, is exact!}' as f " I good as new. This is a f I characteristic of the | | Bingham smoker — they |""| last. The Smoke En- f f gine, Doctor and Con- f'"| queror now have a brass, f"""l telescopic hinge. Send f | fordescription and prices !"""i to T. F. BINGHAM, f I Farwell, Mich, fi n^iii *|TiiDiiaitiiiiiig,i'iiq>g>i|iiii2mifflB:i>iinna,iiiinBt|iiiiigBjninn2iiiiri<>Bmnmgiiiim<|miiingmii'i»giiiiiiii|;iiiiiiiai|n»^^ ■■iuoaiiinMauaiu§ijuiiiiaiiuiiiiai>iriaagiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiii»iiiiiiiiijii>iiiuiiS]iuuiiniuiiiwuiiliiii^ 62 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Queens. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, $2.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, fi.oo; 6 for $5.00. Untested, 75 cts.; 6 for 1:4.00. W. H. I^aws, Round Rock, Texas. The Time has Arrived for you to buy your shipping cases, those five-gallon cans, and a few hundred of the new Danz. cartons (send for sample) to harvest that crop .of honey in proper shape. We can furnish you with these and all other supplies. Cash paid for beeswax. Send for catalog. M. H. HUNT & vSON, Bell Branch, Mich. Please mention the Review. THE MILLION DOLLARPOTATasi Most talkfcJ of [lut^Lu uu i-artli ! Our Catalog tells— bo uImo about Sal- zer's Karliest Six Weeks' I'otaio. Largest farm and vegetable seert yir'm^''' ! growers in U.S. rotatops, 51. 20 and/ \ j upabbl. Send this roticeand 5c stamp for Big Catalog g2 JOHNA.SALZERSEED^-LACROSSEwis: Waited Did yow know the Western Bee Keeper has changed hands? C. H. Gordon is now Editor and Pub. Every bee-keeper large or small to send 15c for four months trial, — sam- ple copy free. 47 Good Block, Denver, Colorado. Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices, Our specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK, 62 Cortland St., N. Y. City Wanted! tion and price, THOS. C. STANLEY Your Honey. We will buy it, no mat- ter where you are. Ad- dress, giving descrip- 12-99-tf & SON, Fairfield, Ills. Now is the time for all Eastern and Southern Bee-Keepers to send in their orders for Bee- Hives and Bee-Keepers' Supplies. We have a special offer to make to all Ea.stern and Southern buyers. Let us know your wants and we will lake pleasure in showing you that we can really save you nionev over our Eastern Competitors. The reasons are two-fold. In the first place, we are located in the lumber region of Wi.sconsin, and get onr supply of lumber direct from the mills; whereas, our Eastern competitors are buy- ing lumber in our .State and paving freight on rough lumber, which weighs much more than the finished product, to their Eastern factories, and then freighting the finished product back all over the West. In the second place, we support no branch houses or middle men. We sell direct to the consumer, and the only waj- a dealer can make a profit off our goods is by buying the larger qtiantity which is open to any purchaser, and selling at the small quantity rate. The cost of an article is based on the cost of material (here we shine I. the cost of labor, and a reasonable profit to the manufacturer. We sell our goods on this basis, while the manufacturer who sup- ports branch houses all over the United .States, and some in foreign lands, must add to what we would consider a fair selling price, the freight charges from his factory to his supply-house; he must have interest on his iuveslment while his goods are waiting for a purchaser; he has rent to pay every month his branch house is kept open; he has additional insurance on the goods in branch houses; he must pay cartage from the cars to his branch house, and again back to the cars. Then the manager and clerks in the branch house must be paid. .\11 these things tend to increase the cost of the commoditj- to the consumer. If prices are the same at the branch house as at the home factory, then the price at the home factory must be raised to meet these constantly increasing expenses; and the bee- keeper who takes his supply from the home factofy is helping to support the branch houses in different States. We .sell f. o. b cars at Hudson, with an allow- ance on freight for goods going east of Chicago. Buy your Bee Hives and supplies from us and you will get the goods at first cost. Interstate Mfg. Co., Hudsoq, Wiscoqsiq. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 63 oiper K O ^s-^":^^'?^-:^^^^^^^ Every bee-keeper who has had experience with several strains of bees knows that some are far superior to others— that there is scrub stock among bees, just as there are scrub horses, cat- tle, sheep and poultry. Let me give my own ex- perience. Years ago, while living at Rogersville, I made a specially of rearing queens for sale. Before engaging in this work I bought Italian queens and Italianized, not onlj' my own bees, but all within three miles of my apiary. In buying those queens I think that I patronized nearly every breeder in the United States; and even in those years of inexperience I was not long in noting the great difference in the differ- ent strains of bees. The queens from one par- ticular breeder produced bees that delighted me greatly. They were just plain, dark, three- banded Italians, but as workers I have never seen them equaled. They seemed possessed of a steady, quiet determinati.m that enabled them to lay up surplus ahead of the others. Easier bees to handle I have never seen. It sometimes seemed as though they were too busy attending to their own business to bother with anything else. Their honey was capped with a snowy whiteness rivaling that of the blacks. In addition to these desirable traits must be added that of wintering well. If any bees came through the winter it was the colonies of this strain. They came as near being ideal bees as any I have possessed. All this was twenty years ago; and several times since then I have bought queens of this same breeder, and I have always found this strain of bees possessed of those same good qualities— in- dustry-, gentleness, and hardiness. In addition to this they cap their honey as the b'acks do theirs. I have frequently corresponded with this breeder, and with those who have bought queens of him, and I am thoroughly convinced that he has a strain of bees that are far superior to the general run of stock. If I were starting an apiarj-, for the production of honey, I should un- hesitatingly stock it with this strain of bees. This breeder has always advertised in a mod- est, quiet sort of way, nothing in proportion to what his stock would have warranted, and I have decided that I can help him, and l)enefit my readers, at a profit to myself, by ad- vertising these bees in a manner befittingly en- ergetic. The price of these queens will be $1.50 each. This may seem like a high price, but the man who pays it will make dollars where this breed- er and myself make cents; and when you come to read the conditions under which they are sold, it will not seem so high. The queens sent out will all be young queens, just beginning to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicin- ity, it is not likely that any will prove impurely mated. If any queen should prove to be im- purely mated,' another will be sent free of charge. Safe arrival in first-class condition will be guaranteed. Instructions for introducing will be sent to every purchaser, and if these in- -structions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all; if, at any time within two years, a purchaser, for any reason whatever, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be refunded, and 50 cents extra sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seen that the purchaser runs no risk whatever. If a queen does not arrive in good condition, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is sent. If she should prove impurly mated, another is sent. If the queen proves a poor lay- er, or the stock does not come up to the expecta- tions, or there is any rea.son why the bargain is not satisfactory, the queen can be returned and the money will be refunded, and the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. I could not make this la.st promise if I did not know that the stock is really superior. I said that the price would be $1.50 each. There is only one condition under which a queen will be sold for a less price, and that is in con- nection with an advance .subscription to the Re- view. Any one who has already paid me, or who will pay me, $i.c» for the Review for 1900, can have a queen for $1.00 That is, you can have the Review for 1900 (and 12 back numbers) and a queen for $2.00. Of course, all arrearages m\i.st be paid up before this offer will hold good. This special offer is made with a view to the getting of new subscribers, and as an inducement to old subscribers to pay up all arrearages and to pay in advance to the end of next year. Of course it is now too late to send out (lueens, but thev can be ordered, either alone, or in con- nection with a sub.scription to the Review, and the orders will be booked and the queens sent next spring. W. Z. Hutc'rrns-n, Flint, Mich 64 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW A\^oy Irnproverpept? Tbis Yee^r. We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies. The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board w hich is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate- rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly polsihed sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be worked by the foot. Tb^ Heddoo Hive. Another valuable adjunct to our manu- facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not hesitate to sa}- that it is the best all round hive ever put upon the market; and we are pleased to state that we have made arrangements withjMr. Heddon to the end that we can suppl}' these hives; and the right to use them goes witji the hives. Hooey Extrz^ctors. Our Honey Extractors are highly orna- mental, better manufactured; and, while the castings are lighter, they are more durable than heretofore, as they are made of superior material. Tb^ Pro5ir^5^iv^ B^^-K^^p^r. Ivast, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved, being brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land; and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price, only 50 cts. per j-ear. Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres- sive Bee-Keeper. Address Ezi5t St. Uouis, f^o. LEAHY nf%' <30., ^ss^ss^^s^s^^^s i \i I ill m Priecs Tell. 1 Page & liyon, Being located where we can buy basswood bolts at a very low price, and owning a factory furnished with machinery well adapted to the manufacture of sections we are able to furnish strictly first-class, snow-white SECTIONS, in 5,000 lots, at 52- '5 per thou- sand; less than ,5,000, $2.25 per thousand. No. 2, in 5,000 lots. at $[.5ope.- thousand; less than 5,000, $1.65 per thousand. We also furnish hives, supers, ship- ping-cases, and all kinds of supplies. Send for catalogue. H RIENOW& SON, Prairie du Chien, Wis. JVIfg. Co. Hexju Liondon, Wis. Nearness to pine and bass- wood forests, the possession cf a saw - mill and factory fully equiped with the best of ma- chiner}', and years of expe- rience, all combine to en- able this firm to furnish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices on a full line of supplies. i I i i 1 liatest Imppovments Pepfeet Goods treasonable Prices. Hives, shipping cases, sec- tions, extractors, etc., everv- thing a bee-keeper needs. Cat- alogue and copy of the Ameri- can Bee Keepery>r^. The .\merican Bee Keeper is a live monthly and has been published by us for the past ten years— 50 cts. ])er \-ear. W. T. Falconer t\f%. 60., Jamestown, N. Y. Ho pish-Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the Van Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This st^de of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a I'ery thin base, with the surplus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely be distinguished from that built wholly by the bees. Being so thin, one pound will fill a large number of sections. All the Trouble of wiring brood frames can be avoided by using the Van Deusen tcired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. J. VRfJ DEUSEN, Sprout Brook, N. Y. i ll i 11 i ll 66 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Golden Italian, 3 - Banded Italian, and Holy lands. We have secured our stock from the best breeders of the IT. S., and now we are able to offer the best strains of the best races in America. Queen Rearing is our specialty; we have been at it for j-ears, and this depart- ment is under the immediate supervis- ion of our Mr. H. H. Hyde. We want the address of every bee-keeper for our queen circular which gives prices and methods of queen rearing, honey production, prevention of swarming etc. Prices, either race: — Untested June, July, Aug. and Sept. 75 cts.; 6 for $4. 25. All other months, $r.oo: 6 for $5.00. Tested, June, July, Aug. and Sept., $1.25; 6 for $6.75. All other months, J1.50; 6 for $8.00. Discounts for quantities. Select tested and breeding queens a specialty. O. p. HYDn & SON, i-oo-tf Hutto, Texas. ^* ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ K. m This is the original one-piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, $1.88; 1,000 for $3.25; 3,000 for I8.90; 3,000 for I13.00; 10,000 for I22.60. No. 2 sections are not made to order, but when in stock are sold at 1 1. 80 per M. J. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies < of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the verv finest \# \i' i% m ever made; and he sells- it at prices that defy coDipetition! W^orking wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered ere. Millions of Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and be your own judge. A UG. WFISS, Hortonville, " Wisconsin. Losses are not always the result of the same cause. They may come from starvation; from poor food; from improper prepara- tions; from imperfect protection; from a cold, wet, or possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar, etc. Successful wintering comes from a proper combination of different conditions. For clear, concise, comprehensive conclu- sions upon these all-important points, consult "Adv.\nced Bke CuLTURi':." Five of its thirty- two chapters treat as many dif- erent plia.ses of the wintering problem. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the RK\'ncw one year and the book for 1^1.25. Stamps taken, either U. vS. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. ft' THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 67 Violin for Sale. I am advertieinR for tlie woUknowii m;inn- factiirers nf musical iimtrunients, .Jiio. V. Strattoii & Son, of New York, auU UikiiiK my f)ay iti musical morclianiliHe. 1 havo iio\y on mail a tine violin f violiu, bow and ease. Tlie violin is a " Strailiuarins. " Kt-tl. French finisli, liiirli polish, and real el)ony UimminKb, price .*U.;)0. The l)ow is of the fin- est snakowooil. ebony froji, lined, inlaid ( poarl lined dot) pearl lined slide, (rermau silver shiekl. ehony screw-head, (iermau silver ferules, and pearl tlot in the end, price S2.5U Tlie case is wood with curved top. v.-iroislied, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, luice $:i .iO. I'liis inakes the entire outfit worrli an even SiO (K). It is ex- actly ih- same kind of ;in outfit that my dausrh- ter has been usini; the past year with the best of satisfaction to hersi>lf and teachers. Her violin lias a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as n)uch. I wish to Sell 'his on tit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five (lays' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can here tamed and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. G. M. liONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Reuiew. I am advertising for B. F. Stratton & Son, music dealers of New York, and taking my pay in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. I, have already bought and paid for in this way a gtiitar and violin for my girls, a flute for myself, and one or two gtiitars for some of my siibscfibers. If you are thinking of buying an instrument of any kind, I should be glad to send you one on trial. If interested, write me for des- criptive circular and price list, saying what kind of an instrument you are thinking of getting. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. nmi any price and bees. Reared frotn imported moth- ers, warranted purely mated, 75 cents each. Breeders, I 25 each. No better stock to be had at Send for catalogue of queens PEANES & MINER; Ronda, N. C. H^ake Voup Own Hives. 3ee ^ Keepeps Will save money by usinj,'- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making' their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JKO. BARNES CO., :J84 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. I 00 7t 68 THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW. Beeswax Extractor. The only Bees Wax Extractor in the world that will extract all the wax from old combs rapidly by steam. Send for descriptive illus- trated catalogue. c. G. f:brris, South Columbia, N. Y. Patentgd Oct. ii, i I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of diflferent styles and sizes, made by C. W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson. Flint, Mich. ^ ^ffere we are to the Front ^iik\ for I goo with the new W Champion Chaff - Hive, W a comfortable home for the bees I L. in summer and winter. We al- so carry a complete lineof other supplies. Catalogfree. R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 9-99-tf. Sheboygan, Wis. Please mention the Review. — If yon wish the best, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER. Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell. taken in payment for advertieingr, and he woald be pleased to send descriptive circulars or I0 correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing each a machine. JOHN F. STRATTON*S ChLbBKATED BirminghamSteeiStrings r<^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin. Banjo 1*^ Kiiust Made. Extra Plated. MABI Mi^." Warranted not to rust. Send for Catig JOHN F. STRATTON. Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811. 813, 815, 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mention the Review. 1900 Queens 1900 For Business— Queens for Strong Colonies - Queens for large t-urplus. Competion in Quality, but not in price. If you want queens, nuclei or supplies at bottom prices, send for my illustrated price list. 12-97-tr /. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga. Please mention the Reuieui. — If you are going to — BtfY A BtlXZ - SAW^, write to the editor of the Kkvif.w. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you hanpy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. THE A. /. ROOT CO.. 10 VINE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA BEE - SURRLIES. Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doints. We want to save you freight. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. L eepeps A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Horiey Producers. $1,00 A YEAR. w. z. HDTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. e VOL XII, FLINT. MICHIGAN, MARCH 10, 1900, NO, 3. />] rAHE PRODUCTION OF EX- TRACTED HONEY WITH EICxHT-FRAME, LANGS- TROTH HIVES. BY HARRY LATHROP. While my specialty has been the production of fancy comb honey, I have always extracted some every year since I began keeping bees, about 17 years il;o, and at pre- sent I have two, 2-frame, Cowan extractors in use, one for each of my apiaries, and if I establish another yard, I expect to purchase another machine; for I want the extractor always at hand ready for use. Speaking of extractors, I would not trade my two-frame Cowan machines, as made by the A. I. Root Co., for any four-frame machine I ever saw. They work so easily, and I think one person can extract with them as rapidly as another can uncap the combs. There is a much disputed question among bee- keepers as to which pays better, the pro- duction of comb or of extracted honey. The extracted-honey-man will tell you that he has no expense after getting es- tablished, except for the purchase of bar- rels to put the honey in; and then he can produce so many more pounds per colony of extracted than he can of comb; on the other hand, the one producing comb honey has to buy sections, founda- tion, and shipping crates every year, etc. The comb honey expert will reply that he can produce nearh' as many pounds of comb honey as the other can of ex- tracted; that by getting all fixtures pre- pared ahead he can attend to as many colonies as the other can, and, besides getting a better price for his product, he gets well paid for the sections as they are weighed in with the honey when sold; that he is willing others should believe extracted honey production to be the most profitable; thereby leaving him a clearer field. I will not attempt to de- cide which has the better argument, but will state my conviction, which becomes stronger with experience, that, for the average bee-keeper, the best plan is to combine the production of both comb and extracted in the same apiary. I want to be prepared to work for comb honey when all conditions are just right; and then, when conditions change, work for ex- 70 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. tracted. Fancy comb honey can be pro- duced only when the season is right, the honey flow right, and the colony right; whereas, if we get a little honey only in the extracting combs during the time that conditions are unfavorable, it is al- ways in marketable shape, and there is no loss. But my theme is the production of ex- . tracted honey, to which I must now re- sort. I will tell how I would manage an apiary in Langstroth or Dovetailed hives, as those are the hives I use, and the hives in general use. I will state, also, that mine are eight-frame hives; as I wish them that size when used for comb honey, and I think by tiering up they can be made large enough for extracting hives. As soon as the bees are taken from their winter quarters I would look carefully to the needs of each colony,' with a view to promote brood rearing and the getting each one into good condition for work when the honey harvest begins. As the season advanced I would give to each colony strong enough to occupy it, a second story of good worker combs. I would watch to see that the queen occu- pied both stories. I would change combs from one to the other, if necessary, so as to get brood in as many as possible. Then, when the honey flow began, I would put a queen excluding zinc on top of this two-storj' brood-chamber; these two stories being for the exclusive use of the queen for the season. Over this I would place a set of extracting combs. As soon as this first set is pretty well filled with honey, and capping has^com- nienced, I would raise it up and put another set of empty combs under it; thus keeping the honey always at the top where the ripening process can be com- pleted without the necessity of having each comb completely sealed; for it is a well known fact that if a comb full of honey remains on the hive a sufficient length of time the honey will ripen, even if not a single cell is capped over. Now, whether I would continue the same pro- cess by giving still another set of combs, making it a five story hive, would defend on the colony and the condition of the honey flow. It is not possible to give each colony precisely the same treatment. In tiering up one has great advantages in respect to ripening, over the one who uses a larger hive with only a single ex- tracting super, no matter how many combs it may contain. As soon as the honey in the top-most story is ripe I would take it off and extract at once; as the honey will come out of the comb more readily while still warm from the hive. It is easy to determine whether hon- ey is fit to extract or not. If it is the least bit watery, the comb should be returned to the hive, which I believe to be the best place for ripening. I will here state that there will be very little, if anj^ swarming in an apiary run for extracted honey on this plan; and hives so operated are the only real non-swarming hives worth having. Some may object to the great number of extra combs required for so much tier- ing-up, but I reply, if you have not the combs to do this, then you are not prop- erly equipped for the business. In the extracting-room I have the ex- tractor and several other necessary arti- cles. One is a large tin can with a syrup gate at the bottom to strain into. Many use a barrel with the head out for this purpose; and it is all right, and some •cheaper than the can. A large piece of cheese cloth tied over the top of the can is the best strainer I know of. Several pieces should be kept on hand so as to have a clean one ready to put on when the one in use gets gummed up. Then conies the uncapping-box. Many bee-keepers use a can for uncapping over — such as supply dealers list at about |i7.oo each. I can tell you how to make an ar- rangment awa^^ ahead of that, for about $1.50 for material, and a few minutes work. Get the tinner to bend up a long piece of galvanized sheet iron into the shape of a round bottomed trough, eigh- teen inches across the top, and about a foot deep. Solder end pieces into it and THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 71 put a small spout in one end to let the honev run out. Han^j this trough in a wooden frame having legs long enough to bring the top of the trough to a con- venient height for uncapping, leaving the spout end a little lower than the other end. From tinned wire cloth make a screen to place in the cottom of the trough, the full length, to keep an open space under the cappings so that the hon- ey can readily drain and run out. Now make a sliding rack on which to rest the comh while luicapping, and you are ready. The length of the uncapping device will depend on the size of the apiary. If there is much extracting to do, by moving the older cappings towards "one end thej' inaj- be left long enough. Set a vessel under the spout, and you will get some nice honey from the cappings. I am sur- prised to know that at least one large bee- keeper in Wisconsin does not drain his cappings at all, but places them outside for his own and his neighbor's bees to fight over. We want every thing neat and clean about the extracting room. If visitors happen in, we don't want them to see any bees, flies, ants or any other dirt in the honey — keep every thing clean. The hone}' should be left in the strain- ing-tank, or some'other similar open-top receptacle, for a few days, when it may be drawn off into barrels, cans, or whatever packages the bee-keeper intends placing on the market. Then set away in a dn- ware -house, and there is no fear that it will deteriorate. Granulate, it will; but people are getting to understand that, and know how to handle it accordingly. The houseliold use of extracted honey should be encouraged by placing on the market a strictly first-class article; and ex- plaining the many ways in which it can be used. At the same time, we should try to keep up the price. There is no reason why it should not be worth at least two-thirds the price of fancy comb honey. In writing on the production of ex- tracted honey, I have omitted many de- tails; such, for instance, as my method of getting the bees off the combs; in regard to which I will say, whenever the condi- tions are such that it is slow or unpleasant work to brush them off I can use the I'orter bee-escape, which I consider one of the blessings, along with queen-ex- cluding zinc, of the modern producer of extracted honey. I have not written from the standpoint of a man who runs many apiaries, and sends a gang of hands from one to the other to do the extracting, but from the standpoint of an ordinary bee-keeper who does most of the work himself. Browntown, Wis., Aug. 25, 1899. RODUCTION AND TREAT- MENT OF EXTRACTED HON- EY. THE DISTANCE THAT BEES FLY FOR NECTAR. BY C. DAVENPORT. The Review for Jan- uary was, to me, at least, a verj^ interest- ing issue. Miss Pickard's article was so much so that I believe a good many, like Oliver Twist, will ask for more. For in- stance, I would like to know if twostoriss are allowed a strong colony for a brood- nest during the main flow; and whether more than one extracting super is used on each colony. I infer that natural swarm- ing is allowed; if so, I would like to know what per cent, of the colonies swarm; also how the swarms are treated; especially whether they are hived on starters, full sheets, or on drawn combs. And those barrels: I should like full particulars in regard to them. I have never been able to get barrels of either hard or soft wood, no matter how well made, seasoned, tightened, and waxed, that would not leak more or less after honey had been in them for .some time. Two years ago last fall I had a large alco- hol barrel, full to the brim of fine, white honey, that got to leaking. It was stored 72 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. in a room above a basement having an earth floor ; and, before I knew it, the honey was all in the cellar. I am willing to give Mr. Dadant full credit for this affair. He said alcohol barrels would not leak. I had also taken the precaution to use between two and three pounds of 26- ct. wax on the inside of it. I have been having some correspondence this winter in regard to getting a number of barrels, or cans, perhaps I should say, made out of galvanized iron. Mv idea is to have them about as large again as an alcohol barrel, so they will hold about 1,000 pounds each, and use them as storage tanks. Such a large receptacle will allow the honey to ripen considerably, and make it much more uniform in quality than when put in small packages as soon as extracted. I would have these tanks set in the honey-house, on benches high enough so that the honey in them could be drawn off into cans without any lifting. It will not answer in this locality to use one large tank for storage; as we usually get a number of different grades of honey each season. The first extracting from clover is very likely to be tinted with that from fruit and dandelion bloom. After clover comes basswood; then fall flowers, including buckwheat. There is but little tame buckwheat raised here; but a great deal of wild buckwheat springs up each fall in the stubble-fields where various kinds of grain have been grown; and in some seasons, considerable surplus is secured from it. There is one little kink, and it is not so very small either, about producing ex- tracted honey, that may not be generally known, and that is in regard to straining it. Rambler of California, that land of extracted honey, described, a short time ago, in Gleanings, an ingenious machine that he invented to strain honey; and, judging from the description, I have no doubt that it would do all or more than the inventor claimed for it, but there is no need whatever of straini-ig extracted honey. It will strain 275i?//' better than it can be done in any other way. In a short time after it is put in a can, or anything else that will hold it, every particle of foreign matter, such as propolis, bits of wax, and any bees that ma}' have been drowned in the product of their toil, will rise to the top, and can be skimmed off, leaving the honey perfectly clear. Of course, when it is desired to store honey in shipping-cans, or tight barrels, a tank, or enough cans with open tops, are necessary to hold one day's extracting. I have never run a whole yard for ex- tracted honey; but I have, for the last few years, run from 30 to 40 of the colonies in the home-yard for extracted; and this leads me to believe that locality may play nearly as prominent a part in the produc- tion of extracted as it does in that of comb-honey; and, from experiments I have made, I feel safe in sa3dng that when running for extracted mi my locality, considerable more surplus, especially of white honey, can be obtained if the queen is confined to one story during the white flow. When this is done, and only Sor 10 frames are allowed for a brood-nest, colo- nies are about as likely to swarm as they are when being run for comb honey. If three or four stories are used, and the queen is allowed the free range of all of them, no colony so treated has, with me, ever tried to swarm; but I probably keep enough colonies in the home-yard to fully overstock its range; and I think there is no question but what that which may prevent swarming in a fully stocked range is liable to partly or entirely fail on a range but lightly stocked. In this lo- cality, allowing the queen unlimited room lessens the amount of surplus; and also makes considerable more work. There will be more or less brood scattered through two and three stories; and, in order to get what surplus there is, more frames have to be handled. Then, in the fall, the whole outfit has to be overhauled and reduced down to one story for winter; and is no small task with a whole yard. Mr. Barber's article was also a very in- teresting one; and the subject discussed THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 73 is a very important one; as the distance that bees will ^o to gather honey has considerable bearing upon the mat- ter of overstocking; and in deciding the distance apart that large apiaries should be located. WhatlNIr. IJarbersays is very important: for he cites instances of bees going much farther, I believe, than has ever before been noted and puijlished; although Mr. Doolittle has described how sections were filled, as if by magic, when the honey was secured from five or more miles away On the other hand, how- ever, Mr. Dadant, in the American Bee Journal, some time ago, argued, and cited instances to prove, that bees would go only about three miles for forage. Mr. E. R. Root has, in Gleanings, told how it was necessary to move colonies to their basswood grove; which is, if I remember right, o,nly about three miles away; so, ac- cording to two of the wise men of the East, and two of the most practical men of the Middle States, it looks as though bees in the East will gather hone}' from much greater distances than they will farther West. .\11 that I can say, from positive knowledge on the subject, is that I have had bees profitably gather honey from a little over three miles away; but a bee keeper with whom I am ac- quainted, and whose veracity can not be questioned, tells me that, for a number of years, he had an apiary located four and one-half miles from the nearest basswood, and that in good seasons large crops were secured from this source; on an average fully as much as a bee-keeping friend of his got who lived right in among the bass- woods. Of course, the management, or difTerence in colonies, might account for this; as it scarcely seems possible that bees four or five miles away could store as much as those right amidst the bloom. It is true that bees fly (juite rapidly on a .?//// day; but the wind seems to have as much effect upon them as it does, for in- stance, upon a person on a bicycle. I have often observed loaded bees beating their way in against a stiff wind, api)a- rently not going much faster than a man could walk. Mr. Dadant and some others have said that bees located in a valley will seldom cross over into another valley two or three miles distant. For some reason, this will not apply here. For a number of years I had a large apiary located in a valley which extends nearly North and South. Along the hills and ravines oti the West side was considerable basswood. About two miles West is an- other valley running parallel, having i/iore ba.sswoodon its side hills than there was on the sides of the valley where the bees were located, but the bees thought nothing of crossing over to the distant valley; in fact, they seemed to prefer to go over there. The first year that I loca- ted this apiar}^, was a good basswood sea- son; and although basswood honey was being brought in very rapidly, I was un- able to see many bees on the trees in their own valley. Trees white with bloom, in which. the honey fairly glistened, would not have a dozen bees on them, while in the second valley the bass woods were alive with bees. The bees also ranged freely up and down this second valley for fall forage, of which there was more than in their own valley. Wliat Mr. Barber said about bees flying close together leads me to relate a still more curious incident, in this respect, that I once witnessed in relation to the apiary just mentioned. In order to reach this second valley the bees had to cross a pretty high hill, to tlie West, which was mostly timbered except in one place. One day, during a basswood flow, a man who had crossed the hill at this open place stopped and told me there was an im- mense swarm crossing the hill, and head- ing towards the yard. He said the bees were flying low on the hilltop, but rose as they psssed it, or, rather, as the land descended, it left them so high in the air that he was unable to follow them. He wanted me to go up and see them. I told him they would be gone before we could get there, but he thought not, as he said he had watched them for half an hour, and there seemed no end to them. 74 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Then I suspected it must be the bees from the yard. Upon examination I found this to be the case. Right on top of the hill, as they crossed it, they were only eight or ten feet above the ground; not in a very compact mass, but spread out per- haps seven or eight rods; but the curious thing about it was, that these bees flying low were all loaded bees heading for the yard, against quite a strong wind, while up above them, twenty feel or higher, was another stream of bees all going to- wards the basswood in the valley beyond. These upper bees were going a great deal faster than the lower ones, and did not appear so numerous. The man mention- ed had not noticed these upper ones. It was a curious sight, and one that I never saw again, although I went there a num- ber of times afterwards. Southern Minn. , Feb. 3, 1900. O S T L Y EXPERIENCE COMES FROMHAvSTY VEN- TURES IN UNKNOWN FIELDS. BY W. O. VICTOR. I have been much interested in the articles on bee-hunting. They have carried me back to my first ex- perience with bees; to which I attribute my being in the business. In 1883, (my ! my ! 1 7 years ago. ) when in the timber look- ing for a lost horse, I found a bee-tree; and at once decided that I would have a fine evening's sport at the bees' expense. Accordingly, I notified a few of "the boys," and we rigged up a two-horse farm-wagon, with spring seats, loaded in our axes, pans, best girls, chap- eron, etc., and hit the road in high places. ^\ I remarked "that this is the best country for bees I have ever seen." Some one asked "how I knew ?" I replied: "Be- cause the pan is full of honey even be- fore we get to the tree." There was a sudden movement and a vigorous kick which sent the pan to tlie farth- est part of the wagon, which revealed the fact that my (at that time) best girl had her feet right where we had intended to put our honey. We went right on, just as though the pan was all right; and soon reached the tree. Axe in hand, each man took his turn, and in short order we had ihe tree on the ground, the bees in the air, and boys and girls in the brush fanning — mosqui- tos, to beat the mischief. .A.fter looking vishfully for some time, frequently lick- ing our lips to see if there was honey on them, we sent a conmiitee to a nearby negro's house for help. He promptly came to our relief, and we soon had our lips on the lucious sweets that disappear- ed almost as suddenly as did the boys and girls when the tree fell. Shortl}' after this I found a colony of bees in some grape vines by the roadside, as I was passing with my sewing machines. }>.?, I was asewing machine agent; having taken the agency as tem- porary employment until I could decide on a permanent business. I promptly made me a frame hive, and went to hive them. I found they had been there since spring (that was late in summer, ) had comb, brood and honey, and would not stay in my hive. I finally hired a man to take them down; which he did, and continued to do, until, one by one, they were all des'.royed or driven awa}'. By this time I had been stung sez'ere/y; and had a red-hot bee-fever. A friend, seeing my sad condition, gave me a colony of bees, in a nail keg. This, however, did not give relief; so I bought some 20 colonies in box hives in Colo- rado county. The following spring I had hives, frames and foundation ready. My first foundation cost me #1.24 per pound, express included. I -arranged to have THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 75 my swarms hived; going occasionally to look after them. My bees in Wharton county had been increased to three colo- nies by going to the woods for some and carrying them home. I was a farmer bee-keeper, on a l)ee-keeper farmer, and between the two did not farm successful- ly- In June I discovered that my bees in Colorado Co. were not getting much hon- ey, while those at home were doing fairly well; so I decided to move them all home. I hired a wagon and went after them. My idea was to move the bees at night. I went to work and tacked the oil cloth down over them, and wired up the en- terances. My gable tops did not load well; so I decided to send them by rail; and, as I got a hive ready, I set it in the shade, loading the cover on the wagon to go to the depot. Wlien everything was ready I went for my hor.ses. One of tlieni being a little foolish, tried to jump a picket fence and stuck five pickets in him. While getting the horse patched up so I coulil leave him, the sun .shifted around aiul caught my bees; and, on re- turning, I found honey and wax running from the hives. Becoming disheartened, I fell on a lounge, face downward, and, momentarily, thouglit of my sad fate. Sudtlenly it dawned u])on me that I was a young man full of life and vigor, and should not brood over a little trouble like this: and, with a lightning movement, I sprang to my feet, and to the bee>, jjlacing them in the shade, and upon opening the hives, I found four out of eighteen colo- nies that were not entirely dead. I made up the combs into wax, and cleaned up the hives for future use. Two weeks later my horse was able to go home. My estitnate of the cost of the disaster was Ji 20. Hy this time my bee- fever had cooled until my temperature regi.stered but little above the normal. Jan. 1st showed my assets to be seven colonies of bees, a few illy made second hand bee-hives, $500 worth of experience, liabilities, $150. So you see, after all, I had not done so badly. I350 (experi- ence) and the bees ahead, against I300 cash in hand the previous January. Moral: Beginner, don't bite off more than you can chew. Wh.\rton, Texas. Jan. 9, 1900. EGENERATED BROOD, OR "BLACK BROOD," ARIS- ING FROM IMPERFECTLY NOURISHED BROOD. BY C. G. FERRIS. As I live in the locality where is to be found the diseased brood which has attracted so much attention of late, it m;iy be of some interest to you and to your readers to know my experience with it. About fifteen years ago we commenced buying bees in an eastern locality. Almost every spring we took from 100 to 200 col- onies from this particular section; leav- ing, as we did, only weak and inferior colonies "for seed," as we called it. After picking this section a few times there was a very noticeable deterioration of the bees; and, in every case, we were obliged to supersede the queen before any colony could be built up for honey gath- ering. The brood iwas scattering and did not look right. The colony would about hold its own-in stiength; and yet, apparently, the brood was healthy, ex- cept the natural inherited loss of the vi- tality of the bee.s. The introduction of a good, healthy, Italian, or hybrid, young queen soon placed the colony in the front ranks with the best. I have been watching, for years, this brood of low vitality; and the remedy has always been a young queen. This last spring, in some black colonies that I bought the previous year, I was looking after the poor brood as usual, when I saw the first trace of what is now interesting all the country. We had a very plentiful flow from the apple and dandelion, and, during this time there was no trace of anything wrong. The bees were so busy, and honey so 76 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. plentiful, that cells were started for swarming; and, had this state of things continued, I do not think we would have known any thing about it for the past season, at least. To me it seemed, at the early stage, as though it was simply low vitality of the larvae, caused by scarcity of honey; and the results of the past sea- son tends to show that when honey is coming in freely it apparently disappears. It appears in all places as if wafted broadcast by the winds. It is not distrib- uted the same as foul brood; apiaries nules apart, between which there has been no intercourse whatever, will show the same brood disease. I first thought that I had brought it from the East, and tried isolation. I had bought about twenty colonies a few miles from home, and it cropped out as freely in those as in any, as soon as the honey flow ceased. In the yard that I had isola- ted were a few pure blacks, and they had it worse than those mixed with Italian blood. In extracting I found a colony having a quantity of nice cells about to hatch. In each colony of blacks, that showed traces of diseased brood, I remov- ed the old queen and introduced a cell. To my intense satisfaction, each one was received and allowed to hatch: and, upon preparing those for winter, I found good Italian stock, and all traces of the disease had disappeared. This was helped by the abundant flo\\f of honey from the buck- wheat; which probably encouraged the bees to overcome and clean it out for the time, perhaps. It crops out the most prominent among weak colonies, and among the native blacks. Before the Italians came, in times of scarcity of food and I should call it a poverty disease. I suppose there is a bac- illi back of it but it is not Bacillus Alvei. There is no foul brood about it. I was sat- isfied of that from the first. The same treatment will in no wav answer for the two kinds. You may shake the bees ofT ( which is a positive remed\^ for foul brood ) and in a short time again you see the same disease ( black brood ) appear- ing. It's in the air; it's everywhere — and the only hope we can have, so far as I can see, is to keep the colonies strong; and hope for another good, continuous honey year; when the bees may over- come or eradicate it. Towards fall it attacks the imago form more;and in many cases the bees with black heads would be trying and work- ing, much as an unhealth\- chicken would in trying to work itself out of the egg, and finally would succeed in getting out of the cell. The past summer it has not affected the working force of my yards; many colonies showing no signs of it whatever; in no case enough to injure the working force of the colony. We will know more about it the coming summer; and, if my friends inform me rightly, Ferris will go out of the bee business for a time. So. CoLUMBi.\,- N. Y. Feb. i8, 1900. ^;[:;?r-p::>^HE EXPERIMENT TO PROYE THE AGE OF LARY^^i) CHOS- EN FOR QUEENS. BY C. C. MILLER. The first thought that comes to me, Bro. Taylor, on reading your article on page 16, is that I heartily wish that you might have been with me to help direct me in ex- perimenting; and I sincerely hope you ma\' do some experimenting yourself next sum- mer. With your fine al)ility as an experimenter, and with your broad experience in that line, you are likely to think of things that ordinary observers would -;ot. In my judgment it was a sad day for bee-keepers when you ceased to be a professional experimenter. THE BEB-KEEPERS' REVIEW 77 Instead of discussiiii; the experiment I made, I shonld prefer to let the matter rest till next summer in the hope that several niisht give their attention to the prolilem, but your dictum in the matter will have a tendency to discourage exper- imenting in the same line, for you say that the exptrimeut made makes it "nor- mally certain that the tloctor's opponents in the matter are in the right." When one skilled in experimenting and in drav.'- ing dedu v.ions therefrom makes such a decision as that, people are not likely to exert themselves very nmch to investigate the truth of a generallj' accepted tradi- tion. So I will try to give some reasons why I do not see things exactly as you do.' You mention three omitted points that you think have an important bearing, asking the questions: "Did the colony have other combs without brood in the lower story? Were the experimental combs placed in the lower story or left in the super? In what order were they ar- ranged?" In reply, I may say that, so far as I have observed, in this locality, if the bees of a colony have no other brood it doesn't matter whether the five frames of brood are in the first or second story; where the brood is, there the bees will be assetnbled in sufficient numbers to care for it. I don't see that the first two questions have any bearing on the case. The third question has in my opinion no bearing either; but as you attach impor- tance to it I will answer that they were arranged as you supposed, in alphabeti- cal order. You exhibit the number of cells in the combs in this way: Comb a — o cells. " b — 5 cells. «. c— 17 " " d— 8 " " e— 6 " and call attention to tlie large number in the central comb. P.ut you do not call attention to the fact that comb c was left with the laying queen for the deposition of eggs (as was told in ray article 1 a much longer time than either of the other combs. And I noted that when a fresh coTub was given for a queen to lay in, she would lay more eggs in it during the last half of the 24 or 48 hours than dur- ing the first half, so it is not hard to un- derstand that c in 42 hours could- have more than twice as many eggs as b in 26 or d in 24 hours. July 8, a queen cell was found on comb d while larvte less than three days old were in comb c. (A typographical error says this was the first queen cell on comb b, but what preceeds and follows shows it was d. ) In that case there was cer- tainly no preference for the central comb. July 12, queen cells were found on comb e while larvae less than five days old were in comb d. If the bees preferred too-old larvse, why didn't they take those in d, instead of going to the outside comb ? The bees were not compelled to build on b the three cells found July 7, for they could and did build on c before and after. The same thing is true of the three cells found on d July 10. Fortu- nately I have had the opportunity to re- fer the question to one of exceptionally large experience in looking for queen- cells, one who as many as a thousand times in a season goes through the opera- tion of searching through a hive for them. The reply was in substance as follows: "I don't think it's so much the position of a comb as other things. For post-con- structed cells the bees seem to prefer new combs, and if such are in the hive they'll find them, no matter where they may be placed. For pre-constructed cells the preference is for a comb with some irreg- ularity or one with holes in it. I have found such a comb next to the outside comb with a dozen cells on it and scarcely a cell elsewhere in the hive. Not so often are cells found on the outside combs; not, I suppose, bcause they are outside, but because they are so often filled with pollen and honey with no brood. And yet I very often find cells on the out- side combs. I remember one case the past season where I found a cell ou the 78 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. comb next to the outside, and not another cell in the hive, although I could see no reason why they might not as well been on the other combs." Other faulty reasoning I might men- tion, but it is hardly worth while. As I said in the article in Gleanings: "I know very well that this is only a single case, and that the next case might be different, for 'bees never do anything invariably.' " So it is well to let the matter rest till next June, and by that.time possibly other experiments may be made. Brother Taylor, please stop throwing stones at my imperfect attempt at experimenting, and with 3'our well tested experience as an experimenter submit the question to your bees and see what they will say. I only wish that Taylor the critic had the same fairness I have always credited to Taylor the experimenter. So long as the readers of the Review had not before them the article you were criticising, it seems to me you should, in all fairness, have told some things you did not tell. Let me tr}^ in a few words to tell the re- sult of the experiment. In a great meas- ure, data were not sufficiently exact to know whether larvae for queen-cells were chosen when more or less than three days old. In the cases that could be de- termined, none of them fell on the side of being under the age limit. To be more exact, it is shown that i6 cells on comb .c and one on comb d were started over larvte less than three days old. Seeing your readers had not m}' article before them, it would have been nothing more than fair for you to have said, "There is no po.sitive proof that during the first five days any larva; more than three days old was chosen, and there is positive proof that 17 larvte under three days old were chosen." Possibly, however, this did not occur to j'ou. Turning to page 22, the editor mentions a point that might have considerable bearing, "the smoothness of the combs and their age." I may say that so far as I could judge the combs were alike, all smooth, and of the same age. None of the cells were started on an edge or irreg- ularity of a comb. In support of the theory, you say Mr. Editor, "If bees are given larvae of ail ages from which to rear queens, some of these will be almost worthless." I don't dispute that for a minute — have proved it time and time again — not only "almost worthless," but worse than worthless. I've said so repeatedly, and not long ago repeated it for your special benefit. Y-ou also say, "If they are given larvae allofoneage, and that a suitable age, all of the queens will be good queens. If there is any one thing about queen- rearing that I know, this is one of them." Now let me say something that I also knoiv. I have giv^en to queenless bees "larvae all of one age, and that a suitable age," and some of the resulting queens were good and some were worthless. You say you are willing to consider a more reasonable theory. I submit this: Queenless bees, as a rule, prefer larvae un- der three days old: when such are no longer present they start fool -cells. Marengo, 111., FeVj. 19, 1900. [At last we have these two old veterans engaged in the discussion of a practical subject, but I wish 10 get this discussion finished up as soon as possible, and, for this reason, I sent proof of the above to Mr. Taj'lor, who replied as follows. — Kd. Review.] Friend Miller, I should have liked very much to have been present with you to assist in the experiment — I should have had lots of fun with you. I trust your fear that I made some statement calculated to discourage fur- ther experiment in the matter is unfound- ed. I made no claim of any positive proof, even in the one case, much less as a general rule; and I have a pretty clear recollection that I made some suggestions looking to further experiments in the future. I am sorry you did not answer all the questions I propounded on the "omitted points." You mention some, but I think not all — especially the one as to the THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 79 streuf^th of the colony — and answer only the one as to the arrangement of the combs. If all these questions were an- swered, some of them would, I doubt not, appear to be very important. I'or instance, I infer, rather from what you iit\i^U'it to say, than from what you do say, that the five combs were left hang- ing alone in the super. Do you think, that is of no importance ? . You saj' in your discussion of the ques- tion concerning the arrangement of the combs that I did not call attention to the fact that comb c was left with the queen for the deposition of eggs a much long- er time than either of the others. May it not be doctor, that you think me un- fair, sometimes, because you fail either to read or to remember all that I write ? If you will peruse my article carefully you will find that I stated, in substance, that c was left in with the laying queen two days; and the same fact appears, evidently, in no less than four places in the table I submitted; though, by what I afterwards learned to be a typographical error in your article, I was led into the error of giving e a like excess of time; an error which, as it happened, was of no great importance. But I am not as yet able to see any force in your argument founded on the length of time c was left with the laying queen. No one, I am sure, in his right mind, would claim that bees build queen cells on combs in numbers propor- tioned to the number of larva; thev sever- ally contain; besides we do not ktunc that c contained more larvie than b. And, as to your argument in the next paragraph, from the fact that a cell was found on d while larvic less than three daj-s old were in comb c,^ no one would claim that there were no exceptions to the bees' general rule of action. I nowhere claimed that all cells would be built on the central combs, but that such combs had the preference, just as my exhibit, which you copy, shows. Now, be candid, doctor, do you seriously claim thai bees have no prefer- ence for the central combs for the build- ing of queen-cells. But your strong reliance is the answer of your friend of exceptionally large ex- perience. I am somewhat out of patience with you that you should be willing to give the substance of his reply rather than its tenor or exact text — one is so liable, when concerned in an argument, to over- look what might be material to the argu- ment of the other side. But we must take what you have given us; and, as to that, we are not now concerned as to the .soundness of 3'our friend's propositions, but only as to their bearing upon the present point, whether bees have a pref- erence for the more central combs for queen rearing. After considering the matter as fairly as I can, I am bound, in justice to myself, at the risk of encoun- tering another charge of unfairness, to say that the "substance" of your friend's reply has no application in any particu- lar. It says: '"It's not so much the posi- tion of the comb as other things. " What things? Why, a variety of combs, so that there may be a choice by the bees among them; new combs, and old combs, and ir- regular combs. But your combs, doctor, we have the best of authority for saying, were alike; all smooth, and of the satne age. Ask )'our friend: If the "other things" were absent, as was the case with your combs, what about the position ? Have you an^' doubt about what the sub- stance of his reply would be ? As to the rest of the reply, I am sure you could not claim that it contains anything but a number of exceptions; and what we want is a general rule; and your friend, so far as appears, does not attempt to give any applicable to the present case. Passing this point you go on to say: "Other faulty reasoning I might men- tion." Other than what, doctor ? That implies that some point in my reasoning has been found faulty. I suppose you mean in the question I have just been discussing; and we shall know whether you really think so or not when we learn wliether, in your next experiment in the matter, you use just the five combs as you did in your last, or whether you 8o THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. chanj^e the plan. And, as to the other faulty reasoning, I should be thankful to have you point it out — if only to barely mention it; for I have no mercy on my- self for faults of that kind. At length you proceed to tell the results of the experiment, and affirm that it would have been nothing more than fair for me "to have said, 'There is no positive proof that during the first five days any larvae more than three days old were chosen, and there is positive proof that 17 larvte under three days old were chosen.' Possibly, however, this did not occur to you." Don't you think you are a little unreasonable in expecting me to state thoughts in the same language you would use, or would like me to use? I stated it in other language, and set it forth very definitely in the table. My greatest struggle is to get much in little space, and 1 expect my readers to take a comprehensive view of my treatment of a matter. This style, to which 1 am apparently compelled, may be partly to blame for my seeming to you curt and unfair. Moreover, it possibly did not oc- to you that this was not the point in issue; indeed, it is rather an unimportant side- issue; as it clears nothing up. The ma:n point in discussion was your claim that "If the combs with the cells be taken within the first five days [of queenless- ness] and put in the upper story of a col- ony having a laying queen there will be no too old larvie in the case." Since you say what I ought to have said, I maj' make free to point out that you have en- tirely overlooked your main proposition. You nuist still have some opinion about it, and, for a brief discussion of it, from your pen, we could well forego arguments on the subsidiary and com- paratively unimportant points. Perhaps you meant to offer your telling the re- sults already referred to as a substitute: if so, it is well. Accept my thanks for your, I fear, too high opinion of my abilities as an experi- mentor. Lapeer, Mich., Feb. 22, 1900. ^ Department of riticism CONDUCTED BY R. L. TAYLOR. The best critics are they Who, with what they gainsay, Offer another and better way. ESTIM.\TING THE AMOUNT OF STORES IN THE FALL, AND SUPPLYING ANY DEFICIENCY. For the sake of not losing a chance of a quarrel with Doolittle, I refer to one more item in last year's journals. ( Amer- ican Bee Journal, 709. ) There Mr. Doo- little, in an article on the preparation of bees for winter, says: " To be sure that all have the desired amount of stores, there is only one certain way to do, and that is to open the hives and take out each frame and weigh it after having shaken the bees off. Next weigh a frame of empty comb, or several of them, so as to know the av- erage weight, which, when deducted from those in the hive, will give the weight of honey, note being made in all cases of the amount of pollen the combs contain, their age etc., and the necessary allowance being made accordingly. " Over against this plan he puts the one which he condemns in this language: " Not long ago I saw it advised to put into an empty Itive the number of combs used in wintering, and w-eigh the hive so arranged, when the hives in the apiary were to be weighed, the amount of the other deducted, and, if there was 50 pounds left above this deduction, there would be sufficient stores in that hive for wintering on the summer stands, and if there was 15 pounds it would do very well for cellar wintering. " Then he pro- ceeds to make upon this plan the follow- ing comments: "No one could make any mistake in calling such a method a careless procedure. . . . Hives sub- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 8i ject to the weallier vveij^h more than dry- hives do that are liable to he taken from the store-room; colonies of bees differ very much as to size and weij^ht; old combs weij^h double that of new ones; combs from a colony whirh wasqueenloss for some time during; the summer will of- ten contain pollen to one half of the amoimt allowed for cellar-wintering; hence these and other factors make that method of procedure little better than guesswork. " I agree with him in his subsequent statement that ' the amount named is too little by far. " I have known colonies wintered indoors, which did not winter very well, on account of the inferior qual- ities of their stores, use 15 pounds and more before they were taken out in the spring; so the amount named w'ould not always be enough to carry them over the winter; much less, to supply them with the abundance so necessary to their well- being in the spring when brood rearing should be pushing with the greatest fer- vor. There is no economy in allowing the bees just enough stores to last them over the winter; much less is there economy in putting one's self to a large amount of disagreeable labor to secure the provision of a bare sufficiency. .\s a rule, for wintering purposes, bees should be allowed not less than twice enough to carry them safely over an or- dinarily trying winter. Xo doubt Doolit- tle would assent to this proposition, for he teaches that each colony should be provided with 25 i)ounds of honey. Though I had, one winter, a few colonies each consume 15 pounds or more of stores — about 18 pounds being the greatest I have known in a single case — yet 25 lb. is considerably more than twice the average consumption of my colonies up to the time of removal from the cellar. It fol- lows from these rules that there is abso- lutely no call for anv close calculation in order to determine the amount to be provided each colony. Sufficient is too little — there must be enough. Deter- mining the amount to the fraction of a pound involves the tearing up of every brood nest in the apiary — an operation, the question of the labor neces.sary, aside, whicli is not to be encouraged. In the hands of a Doolitlle the damage might he little or none, but on account of a proba- ble ill-arrangement of combs, and delay till an unseasonable time, there would not, in many cases be any security against ill results. There is nothing in the vary- ing weights of hives and combs to prevent the giving ( f enough to each colony with- out either the breaking up of brood nests or tile allowing of an injuriously great quantity of stores. By this course, / c, the weighing of colonies instead of combs, the examination of the brood combs may be deferred until spring, with the greatest certainty of safety, so far as the amount of stores is concerned, when the ordinary examinations that must be made in any event will determine the colonies requir- ing additional stores. Evidently Doolittle appreciates, to some extent, the magnitude of the work he lays out for his pupils, for he "hears some one say ' It would be a fearful job to shake the bees off from every- comb in a colony and weigh each comb separate- ly, ' " and grants that it would be if done with each colony; a course which he never- theless thinks would pay in the long run; but goes on to make the concession that " you will have to do this with only- tw-o or three till you get the right conception of just how much honey there is in each frame by simply lifting it from the hive and looking at it, when you can count off the num.ber of pounds almost to a certainty and do it as rapidly as you can handle the frames," till I begin to wonder whether the guesswork he employs is better than the guesswork he condemns. With the majority of persons I should prefer that which he condemns. Again, I fear he es- timates the'feaiful job " by his own measure. There are other conditions that make a difference besides locality. Not every one can endure 15 hours of hard labor a day. Some that could, deem it unwise to do so; and some that could 82 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. and would, could easily find more profit- able employment than eoing through ev- ery colony in a considerable apiary, guess- ing at the weight of honey in each comb; and others still are born with enough of the tired feeling to decide them to choose "inner lines" even if there is a little risk in it. But in this case there would be no more risk. The plan, then, which Doolittle con- demns as a "careless procedure, " is a good one; indeed, with single-wall hives that may be readily handled, it is un- doubtedly the best. I proceed in this way: My hive with empty combs weighs, say, 18 pounds, and, allowing 7 pounds as the weight of bees and bee-bread, which makes 25 pounds, and adding to that the weight of the necessary amount, of honey, 25 pounds, I have 50 pounds as the weight necessary for each full colony to put it in good condition for winter, so far as stores a»'e concerned. I now weigh a few col- onies till I find one that weighs the 50 'pounds required. This hive I " heft, " carefully, till I have a good conception of its weight, and, if I lose that concep- tion, I come back and lift it again. Having a good idea of this weight. I go rapidly over the apiary, lifting each colo- ny just clear of the ground, always tak- ing^the same position in the operation, and marking with an apple or a pel)ble each one that is doubtful or too light. If there has been the usual light fall hon- ey-flow, most of the colonies will be over 50 pounds in weight,, some running to 70 and 7.5 pounds, and all such require scarcely more than a touch to determine their satisfactory condition. I then weigh each of the doubtful and too light ones, placing the scales on an adjacent hive for that purpose, and mark the weight on the same part of each hive. After the weights are determined, it only remains to put the light ones in condition for winter by uniting, by supplying them with the needed combs of honey, or with sugar syrup. In a subsequent paragraph, in giving directions for making syrup for the uec- essary feeding, Doolittle advises the ad dition of about 10 per cent, of extracted honey to the syrup to prevent crystalliz- ing, and says he should have the honey if he had to send to another State for it, and give an extra price. For myself I should not use either acid or honey; for I have found no necessity for either of them. I am inclined to think that the trouble from cr3-stallizing comes from ag- .itating it by stirring to cool it or other- wise after it is sufficiently heated, thus admitting the air to it. I make the syrup in a large vessel, on the stove, being care- ful to use light fuel towards the comple- tion of the batch, and when done leave it undisturbed on the stove to cool, and have yet to feel the need of either honey or acid. Lapekr, Mich , Feb. 22, 1900. EDITORIAL fferings. " .\n thin'"-- CO IIP to him who waits; " But here's a rule that's slicker, The mail who gaes for what he wants, Will gel ii.cre all the quicker. T. F. BiNGH.'VM has sent me one of his brass, smoke-engines. It is the finest thing in the .smoker line that I have ever seen. Combs that have continued brood give hone}' a darker color, was the report of Edward Ochsner at the Wisconsin con- vention, but he stood alone in this belief. Officers elected at the Wisconsin State Bee-Keepers' Association are as follows: President, N. E. France, Platte- ville; Vice President, J. Huffman, Mon- roe; Secretary, Miss Ada L. Pickard, Richland Center; Treasurer, Harry Lath- rop, Browutown, THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 83 THH M'CARTNEY SECTION PRESS AND 1-OUNDATION FASTENER. One of the most interesting exhibits at the Wisconsin convention was the scciion press and foinnlation fastener of Geo. McCartney, of Rockford, Ills. It is il- lustrated on this page. It is very simple in construction. Pressing one treadle puts the section firmly together. Press- ing the other treadle shovts forward a strij) of foundation, cuts a piece off the desired length and firndy fastens U in llif sec- tion. It is not necessary to cut u p t h e f o u n d a t ion, the machine does that, and it can be fed into the ma- chine in long strips. The machine can be easily set to cut off any length of foun- dation. In my opinion it is the best com- bined machine that has come to my notice. The only thing that will pre- M'CAKTN'KY SECTION PRESS AND EASTENER. vent it from coming into general use, is the price ( $^.00 | ; but \»hen there is much work to be done, it would be true economv to own a machine. \V. E. COGGSH.VEE AND HIS EIOHTNINC. OPERATORS. Gleanings gives a good picture of W. L. Coggshall and nearly a page descrip- tion of Mr. Coggshall, his methods, and the men who have worked with him. Mr. Cog.shall owns somewhere about 1200 colonies of bees, scattered about in ten different j-ards; the furthest one being about 40 miles from home. Mr. Coggshall and his helpers drive to one of these yards, carrying bar- rels and kegs with them. There is an ex- tractor and ex- tracting house at each yard. The men put on armor-proof bee-suits, b e- cause no ordin- ary sting-proof cloth i 11 g would answer. They then go to work in a lightning style. Covers are kicked off because it is quicker. The smoke is driv- en down be- tween the frames, the EOLNDATIOX Aug. Weiss, of Hortonville, Wiscon- sin, in sending out to his customers a novel calendar — one good for 200 years. Drop him a postal, if you care for one. combs jerked out, and the bees jerked off the combs. Everything is done by a quick short-cut method. Mr. Coggshall places locality first, the man next— hives last. While the majority of us would not feel like adopting all of his methods, there is no denying the fact that he has made money out of bees— in spite of the stings, robbing and home-made equipments that he has made for himself. 84 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 85 A ricrrRH oi' thi". mioiukrs 61* thic WIS. BEE-KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. When over at IVIadison attending the meeting of the Stale Bee Keepers" Asso- ciation, I took a photograph of the mem- bers as thev gathered in a group upon the stepof the capitol buihling. I have re- produced it in half tone, and show it up- on the opposite page. So far as I have been able to learn the names of the mem- bers, they are as follows: — iV. W. Wilson. KickaiJoo, Wis. t )lloS.Tndimi. Urownlowii Wis. 1". While, Belmont Wis. las. Fonicrook. W.iterlowii. Wis. i'.. .\. Cressey, Hirnfit Jiincliou, Wis. I. W. Van.\lien, Uancy, V\'is, Carl Davis, Madison, Wis. I,. HiglilKirfjc-r. L,saf Rivtr, Ills. Ceo. .McC.irlney, Rocklord, Ills. 11, Htl. Ochsner, P'rarie dii Sac, Wis. > 12, B. Davenport, .\\irojhvillc. Wis. 1;, H. Lalhrop, Krownlown. Wis. Miss.\da L,. Pickard, Richland Center, Wis. r,. W. York, Chicigo. Ills. Mrs. W. J. i-ickard, Richland Center, Wis. ly, Jas. Matthew, .\urorahvillc. Wis. 21, Jacob HnfTnian. Monroe, Wis. -'.'. F. L. Mnrray. Calani nt-, Wis. Herman C.loege, Monroe, Wis. Mrs F. Wilco-\, Mansion, Wis. (instave Cross, Milfonl, Wis, C E. Smith, South Wayne, Wis. H. M. Haves. Killionrne, Wis. H. P, Miller. Retreat, Wis. .\ng. Weiss, Mortonville. Wis. . .\. Vaudereike, I.ake Mills, Wis. ■. C. .\. Hatch, Richlaiu' Ceiiler. Wis. . F. Wilco.x, Readstown. W is. .\.G. Wilson, Readstown, Wis. John Towle, Brooklyn, \\ is. H. H Porter, Baralwo. Wis. Rev. H. Rohrs. Clinton, Wis. N", E. France, I'latleville, Wis. Rev. H. .\, Winters, .Maoisoii. Wis, ., H. Ballow. Peebles, Wis. Jas. McMiirdo, Honoiiville. Wis. Concerning this picture. Secretary X. \-.. France writes as follows: — This group shows some of the greatest |>roducers, in the I'niled States, of hon- ey, comb foundation, hives, sections and queen bees; the first Slate Inspector of apiaries; ( X. E. France 1 the greatest lady bee-keepers in America; ( Mrs. and ]\Iiss rickard) a former Presii» Wisconsin has a very flourishing bee- keepers' Association. At the recent meeting held in Madison there were 75 in attendance. The annual meeting is held at the same time and place as the horticulturists and cheese makers hold their conventions, and in this way redu- ced rates are assured. Here is a hint for the societies of other Sl;ites. .\KTICLES \V.\NTEI) ON OlEEN RE.A.RING. The May Review is to be a special num- ber on queen rearing, and I should be glafl of some articles on the subject. Go briefly over the subject, beginning with preparing the colony for cell-building, securing the eggs or larviE. starting the cells, caring for them, starting nuclei, introducing virgin queens, or putting in cells, caging and mailing the queens, giving all of the little hints that you can. .\lso give a few hints that will help the man who simply wishes to rear a few queens for his own n.se. For the best article on the subject, received before April 15th I will pay 5voo cash. For any other article on the subject, except the prize article, that I think well enough of to print, I will advance the subscription of the writer one year and send him a queen of that Superior Stock. COMPENSATION FOR FOUI. BROODY COL- ONIES THAT .\RE DESTROYED. In his last report, X. PI France, State Inspector for Wisconsin, recommended that the foul brood law be so changed as to allow the owners of foul broody colonies to receive some compensation for their loss in getting rid of the disease. At the recent meeting of bee-keepers, at Madison, resolutions were passed favor- ing this change; and the matter will be brought before the next legislature. In ridding an apiary of foul brood there is not, of course, a lolal loss; as neither the bees nor the hives are des- troyed. I snppose that even the hone\- may also be c.-^Lracled and the combs ren- dered into wax, but many advise against this, because so much care is needed, and so much carelessness is abroad in the land. If the State will bear even a pnrt of the loss incurred in ridding an apiary of foul brood, it will greatly lessen the opposition with which the Inspector has to contend. EXTRACTED. CALIFORNIA'S HONEY RESOL'KCES. Their Past, Present and Future. California is a great honey-country, but it has its disadvantages. J. H. Mar- tin, in Gleanings, has an article in which the real situation in California is set forth more perfectly and fully than has been done before. From that article I make the following extracts: — During the nine years I have been in Southern California, four of them have been total failures in honev production, while two others have been a partial suc- cess, leaving three good years in nine. Therefore, taking the average production during these nine vears, I have conie to the conclusion that in a series of years California will make no better showing than some of the Ha.stern States. There is not much comfort in that for those who THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. wish to come here to embark in the bee business; but let us make a few compari- sions, review a little of the past, look at the present, and deal a little in futures. The production of honey in California commenced in the Sacramento Vallay, in the Norlhern portion of the State. As the resources of the State became more j^en- erally known it was found that the vSouth- ern end was far the best for honey, both in quality and quantity, and in that por- tion the industry has reached its j^jreatest development, and the honey produced in the seven sotithernmost counties will ever hold the reputation gained for qual- ity; for in no portion of the .State is there the amount of various siges that are found here; and while the valleys have been put under cultivation, and the sages destro^-ed, the canyons and mountain sides are still its home, and there will always be very good pastil rage, for the land can be used for no other purpose. It is in this portion of the State where those phenomenally large yields have been produced; but we can refer to them only as phenomenal, for they seldom oc- cur twice in the same locality. These phenomenal yields have always been within the sage-belt, and from that source; and it is safe to say that, in the produc- tion of quantiesof pure sage honey, Cal- ifornia has seen its best days — but not its best days in the production of honey mind you. That the honey resources of California are changing, and will increase to greater proportions than ever, can be easily dem- onstrated in Central California. In this portion of the State, where a few years ago the land was so barren that, upon hundreds of square miles, a bee could not live, there are now thriving farms and thousands of acres of alfalfa. Irrigation hns made this great change. This area of alfalfa is now confined in a great measure to locations not at a great distance from the railroads. Outside of this area are thousands of square miles yet to be populated and brought under cultivation, and it is safe to .say that al- falfa will be one of the principal crops. We never hear of phenomenally large yields of honey in Central California, but thev are blessed with something better — no total failures. The honey yield fluctuates more or less, as it does in all locations; but there is a reasonably sure income from the apiary every year; and the carloads of honey from Central Cal- ifornia, which are already numernus, will steadilv increase. In the eastern portion of the middle of the State we find Owens River Valley not of great size. It is hem- med in by immense mountains, and here the bee-keeper produces alfalfa honey • of the finest qualit)-. Owing to location, ' or some other cause, the honey is of light- er shade than honey from the same source in other portions of the State. The development of the honey resources in Northern California has not kept up with the development in the south. It is a mountainous country; and in those por- tions where honey can be produced, the cost of transportation to market eats too much into the profits to make it a paying business at the present prices of hone3^ It is safe to say that there is an area in Northern California equal to the area of New York State where there is not a car- load of honey shipped; and where it is produced it is sold in the limited home market. It costs as much to sliip honey from the Oregon line to San Francisco (a little over 300 miles) as it does from San Francisco to New York. There is a fu- ture, however, for Northern California honey production. With more and com- peting lines of transportation, more set- tlement of the waste places, and more al- falfa, carloads will begin to move out. Many of our prominent bee-keepers, even in.Southern California, see in alfalfa the great and permanent hone^'-plant of the future. This great forage plant is in direct ac- cord with the interests of every agricul- tural community. Alfalfa first, cattle next, then the flowing of milk and hon- ey, typical of the highest prosperity of a State. California is justly noted for its immense fruit industr3\ and much has been said about this source of honey. However, it cuts but a small figure. The time of bloom is of short duration, and the secretion of honey not abundant. The orange-bloom, where the trees are abundant, gives a fair surplus; but it would not pay for the bee- keeper to depend wholly upon this source alone for his living. At present the best locations for success in honey p-oduction in California are found all the way from the Sacramento \'allev to San Diego; and the bee-keeper who intends to move to this State should write to the Chambers of Commerce in San I'rancisco and Los Angeles foj liter- ature giving much information about the respective ends of the vState. In fact, it would be a good plan for almost anvbody who would like to know more of the re- .sources of this great State to send for this literature. Then it would be a good plan for the emigrant, when he arrives, to take time to look the ground over. Ride by rail THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. and wheel throu,u;li the central part of the State. The lari,rest alfalfa districts are between I'rosno and Hakersfield. Two weeks' time could he profitably spent in Southern California; for you can see, by referring to the map, that the great State of Ohio covers only about half of this end of California. When a location is selected it is of the utmost importance that the occupant of it make up his mind to like his new home, and laud it to the skies upon any and all occasions. That is always the first duty of true Californians. SPKlXr. M.WAGEMENT OF BEES. Tlie Importance of Securiim Large Colonies for the Harvest. One of the greatest secrets of successful honey production is that of having a great force of field-workers during the honey harvest. .\fter the harvest has passed and gone, the workers are useless con- sumers. No stone should be left un- turned in securing the desired bees at the proper time. Spring management will soon be the order of the day, and has much to do with the securing of these workers, hence 1 take pleasure in copy- ing, from the Wisconsin Agriculturist, some excellent hints on this subject from that old veteran, Harry Lathrop, of Browntown, Wisconsin. .\ proper understanding of bee culture and the honey sources of our locality will convince any one that the most impor- tant object in view, from the time one honey harvest closes until another begins, is the securing of .strong colonies at the proper time. Those last four words mean a great deal to the l)ee-keeper. \ colony of bees that gets into shape for work only at or near the close of the main honey flow becomes a consumer instead of a producer. The ideal condi- tion is to have the colonies vigorous and populous at the beginning of the honey season and get them well started to work in the surplus department before the swarming fever strikes them. Often then, by giving more room at just the right time, the colonies may be kept so busily at work storing hone}' that they will forget all about swarming. This will save work for the bee-keeper whose ob- ject is honey, and who does not wish in- crease. Rut how to get the colonies in- to the proper condition in time is the ini])ortant thing. If a colony of bees comes out of winter quarters in prime condition and well supplied with honey they may build up to the required stan- dard without any aid from the apiarist, but many colonies will lack in some es- sential point that nuist be corrected or supplied. Karly examination of bees to the extent of opening the brood nest should not be done on cold, raw days. Select the warm- part of a bright sunshiny day; find out the actual condition as near as possible of each hive, and make a record of it, showing their reciuirements. Careful at- tention to these special needs during the weeks that intervene between the time of placing the bees out and the beginning of the honey harvest is the work that pays the bee-keeper Some colonies will need one thing and some another. Some will need more feed, which may be .sup- plied by in.serting a comb of honey from the brood chamber of some colony that can spare it. One of the first things to be done is to make all colonies as warm and tight on top as possible. One of my methods, where wooden honey- boards are in use, is to place two or three thick- nesses of newspaper over the honey-board and pre.ss the cr ver down over all. This prevents the escape of warm air. Later, when brood rearing has been in progress some time and some colonies are strong, occasionally a frame of brood nearly ready to hatch may be taken from a strong one that can spare it and given to a weakc-one, thus tending to equalize the colonies. Brood spreading may be prac- ticed, but requires great care, and should not be done unless the weather is warm and favorable. Ifa comb on the outside of the cluster, containing only a few eggs, is placed directly in the center and the well filled one from the center put in its place, the operation will increase the egg laving of tlie (|ueen and help to bring about the condition we are working for, viz., all combs filled with brood and eggs at the beginning of the honey harvest. Another thing should be looked after; if the colony has too much honey, or if early honey comes in so rapidly as to cause the combs to be filled before the queen occu- pies them with eggs, this honey must be removed or the colony will be weakened through the restriction of brood rearing. This honey can often be used to supply colonies that are short and need more honey than they have. 90 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by tlie North American Bee Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotatiuus are made acct)rdiug to these rules. Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and tirnily attached to all four sides; both w(jod and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detaclied at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified accordingto color, using the terms white, amber and dark. Tliat is, there will be " fancy white," No. 1,, dark," etc. CHICAGO, 111.— At present the demand for hone^ is somewhat slow, bu we anticipate more inquiry and better prices \Ve quote as follows: Fancy white, 15; white, 13: amber, 12; dark, 10; white, extracted, 8 to 9; amber, 7 to 8; beeswax, 28. Jan. 23. S. T. FI.SH & CO., 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills. NEW YORK. — Stocks of comb honey are very light, andwe could use some to good advantage. We quote as follows: Fancy white. 15: No. 1 white 13 to 14; fancy amber. 12 to 13; No. i amber, 11 to 12; fancy dark, 11; No. i dark, 10; white, extract- ed, 8J/2; amber 7'/2; dark, 6; beeswax, 27 to 28. HILDRETH &SEGEI.KEN, Dec. 22. 120 West Broadway, New York. BUFFAI,0, N. Y. — Fancy comb honey is in great demand: and all grades move well. Two- thirds value advanced on arrival when desired. Please write us. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 16 to 17: No. i white, 15 to 16; fancy amber 12^ to 14; No. I amber, 10 to 11; fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. I dark, 8 to 9: white, extracted, 7 to 8; amber, 5"^ to 6; dark, 5; beeswax, 28 to 30. BATTERSON & CO. Jan. 23. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y. NEW YORK, N. Y.— There is a .steady demand for all grades of comb honey. The receipts are not heavy. We quote as fo'Uows: Faiicy white, 15 to 16; No. I white, 12,'A to i4'/2; amber, 11 to 12; buckwheat, 9 to 11. Extracted honey is steady at the following prices: California white, 8'/^. to 9; light amber, 8 to S'/c : white clover, 8^4 ; amber, 7J4 ; We are asking, for extracted buckwheat, 6Ji to 7 cts. for kegs, and 7 to 7% for tins, according to quality, but with very little trade. Florida ex- tracted honey, 8 to Hli, light amber, -j'a to 8; am- ber, 7 to 7 h. Other grades of Southern at from 75 to 80 cts. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax, a little more active at from 27 to 28 per lb. Jan. u. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT & CO. W, Broadway, Franklin & Varick Sts KANSAS CITY.— We quote as follows: No. i. white, 14; No. 2 white, 13; No. i. amber, 13; dark, i2}4; extracted, white, 7^2108; amber, 7 to7!4; dark, 5 to 5!-4; beeswax, 22, C. C. CI.EMONS CO., Dec. 26. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. BUFFALO. N. Y.— There is verv little new honey in the market, and the demand is very good. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15 to 16; No. I white, 14 to 15; fancy am'ber,'i3 to 14; No. I amber, 12 to 13; fancv dark. 11 to 12; No. i dark, 10 to u; white, extracted, 8to8!4;dark, 7 to y'A; amber, 7!,;, to 8; beeswax 28 to 30. Jan. 23. W. C. TOWNSEND, 86 West Market St., Buffalo. N. Y. CHICAGO, ILI,.— We quote best white comb at fifteen cents. An occasional small lot of fancy sells at sixteen; off grades of while, twelve to fourteen cents; ambers ten to twelve cents. Ex- tracted, eight to nine cents for fancy white, .sev- en to eight cents for amber, six to seven cents for dark grades. Beeswax twen2v-seven cents. Receipts are larger and the demand is not as good as it has been. Jan. 8. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers are looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your name on a postal card, will bring you prices of queens, bees, nuclei, bee supplies, and a catalogue giving full particulars, with a full treatise, on how to rear queens, and bee-keeping for profit, and a sample copy of "The Southland Queen," the only bee paper published in the South. All free tor the asking. 3-99-tf THEjnNNIH ATCHXBY CO., Beeville, Bee Co. Texas. Bee - Supplies. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's honey jars. Prompt service. Low freight. Catalog free. \\'alter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave,, Indianapolis, Indiana. Only exclusive bee-siipply hou.se in Ind. THE MILLION DOLLARPOWQ Most talked of potato 011 earth ! Ol OitaUig ti-lls— so alMo aljout Sal- ter's Karlio.st .Six Weeks' I'otato. Largest hirm and vi-KCtable seed growcrsiii U.S. Potatoes, f I. I'd and/ upabbi. Send this uoticeandSc. (tamp for Big Catalog g2 __^___ J0hNA.3ALZER3EED ^-LA CROSSEwis ' THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 91 The ABC Bee Culture. Read what Dr. C. C. IMiller says in the National Stockman: — " Not a bad index of the advancement of bee culture in this country is the fact that besides two or three other good books on bee-keeping, the A B C of Bee Culture has been so extensivel\- used that it has reached its 67th thousand. The name is rather a misnomer, suggesting as it does a small primer for children. Instead of that it is the most comprehensive work in the English language pertaining to bees, and a more appropriate name would be The Encyclopedia of Bee Culture. It con- tains 437 pages measuring 9^ by 6>4 in- ches each. It is profusely illustrated with fine pictures, many of them full page, and is printed on elegant paper in clear type that is a delight to the eye. It was first written l)y A. I. Root some- thing more than twenty years ago, but bee-culture is not a science that is at a stand-still, so during all these years the book is kept standing in type, and with every advance in bee culture there has been a change in type, so that the book, now double its original size, is just a lit- tle in the condition of a boy's jack-knife; he lost a blade and had a new blade put in, then the handle was broken and he got a new handle; but still it was ' the same old knife.' The work has been ably revised lately by E. R. Root, son of A. I. Root, also a skillful and experienced^bee- keeper, and the whole is entirely up-to- date and practical. I'or one who has a single colony of bees, ami who desires a work to which he can confidently turn for an answer to the thousand and one ques- tions constantly coming up in practical bee-work, it would be hard to invest $1.20 more profitably than to send for Root's ABC of Bee Culture." See what F. Danzenbaker, inventor of the Danzenbaker hive says: — "Mr. E. R. Root:— I have read former editions of the A B C of Bee Culture, and I have carefully read all of the lastest. It is so greatly improved, and brought down to date, brimful of the latest expe- riences of the most successful methods in all departments, that it might well be re- christened 'Bee-keeping from A to Z.' The hundreds of expensive and beautiful illustrations display to the eye what the text conveys to the mind, in a way to cov- er the entire field of apiculture, for be- ginners and veterans alike. It is worth many times its cost to a be- ginner with but a single colony, and to those who have handled hundreds of col- onies half a lifetime as well. It. would have Ijeen worth thousands of dollars to me if I could have had such a.book forty years ago, and I would not take f 50 for the copy I have now if I could not get another. If it could be placed in every school and library in our land, for the instruc- tion of the masses, it would greatly in- crease the consumption as well as the pro- duction of honey^ adding greatly to the health and wealth of the people." Sold b)' dealers in bee-keepers' supplies, or sent post-paid on receipt of $1.20. See our advertisement on back cover. The A. I. Root Medina, Ohio. 92 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. i§) (H © :s) :© :© :s) :© A Vetemr?. This smoker has been used in the apiary of the editor of the Review for the past ten years, and, so far as practical use is concerned, is exact!}' as good as new. This is a characteristic of the Bingham smoker — the}' last. The Smoke En- gine, Doctor and Con- queror now have a brass, telescopic hinge, as shown in the small cut below. Gootirjuecl Irpprovernepts- Bingham smokers are the original; have been the standard of excellence for twenty j^ears; and it is no wonder that the four-inch Smoke-Engine goes without puffing, and gives no trouble from inky drops. The perforated, steel fire-grate has j8i holes to air the fuel, and support combustion. Heavy tin Smoke-Engine, 4-inch stove, sent by mail, f 1-50; 3 ¥ -inch, $1.10; 3-inch, $1.00; 2}4- inch, 90 cts.; 2-inch, 65 cts. For 25 cts. extra, au}^ size of smoker will be made to order of sheet brass, which will neither rust nor burn out, and ought to last a life time. T. F. B1NGHAA\, Farvell, A\icbisi2vn. :^ 'M) :^ i§) THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 93 iifiimniifimfiDfiniiinifimiiii.|imiiiiiB>iiii'ii:fimiiiiifiiiiinMnimii|iiiiiiiiif ii|iiiiiiti ■iminii i.Jm.iiiraaiiimJluiiiilii4»ii{iiiuum«iiiiui.uiiiniiiri>iiiliiiinnniiili»liiiiii.>i iiniiiiiiaiiiiiniauiiiiiiBiiiiiiii'i iiiiiiiiiiliiiimiliiiiiiiiliiiiiiiii maimiiii ■iiiiiiii ■iimni'BMiiii'WiiiiiB II liliilni liiliiiii lliiiiiii liiiiiiiii.:.,. J ■iiiiii| ^ • -E QUEENS U WmBarnber, "■ Are my specialty. I have 500 colonies | | and can, if necessary, run 1,000 nnclei. ■"''"■ I shall have two experienced apiarists i |||J in my employ. I can begin .sending j f ont queens of this year's rearing as |i"'il early as March; and throughout the ||^|,J whole season I shall send Ihein | | iiiiiiii By Return ^\all. | i My bees are Italians, from im orted | | stock, also from Doolittle, as well as |iiiiiip from selected home bred .stock. I i Prices are as follows : Untested. | 2 giiiiiiii|Mii|niigiiii>nna«iiiniiiiiiimiin|ii|i!iigiiii»iiiiiiiii|n:|m iiialiiiiiiiiliiiiiii|iiiiniiiL'liuniipijiuiJii|iHniir>|«uiiiiiliiliiiiuluiiiiiiiliiuiuiiiiiiiiiU'^ Horjey Of Mt. Pleasant, Mich., has his own saw-mill, and a factory ftilly equiped with the latest machinery, located right in a pine and basswood region, and can furnish hives, sections, frames, separators, shipping cases, etc., at the lowest possi- ble prices. Making his own foundation enables him to sell very close. Send for samples and prices before buying, and see how you may save money, time and freight. Bee-keepers' supplies of all kinds kept in stock. j2-99-it Dittrrjer's Extractor PI Fouipclatioi? [ for sale. I have a new, \'an- Allen & Williams honej- ex- tractor for sale. It has four baskets of the right size for extracting Langstroth combs, ana they can be reversed au- totnatically — without stop- ping the machine. The regular price of such a machine is $20.00, but I took this one in payment for advertising, and, as I wish to get it into cash as soon as I can, I offer it for only $15.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, A\icJ7. At Wbol?5ale aniia • n iii|iniiiBBii. i'il«lH|IUIBMlniW§tUlI«lMIMlilUIHlll vg.itiniajiiiuMia.mmBlim iiliuwiiiiwixiiKjuuigiu ingfliiiiriiaaiiiingniiriinBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiuiiiB niaiiiiiitniBiiiiuiiliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiii 94 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Queens. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain. f2..so each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain. |;r.oo; 6 for ^5.00. Untested, 75 cts. ; 6 for I4.00. W. H. Laws, Round Rock, Texas. The Time has Arrived for you to buy 3'our shipping cases, those five-gallon cans, and a few hundred of the new Danz. cartons (send for sample) to harvest that crop of honey in proper shape. We can furnish you with these and all other supplies. Cash paid for beeswax. Send for catalog. M. H. HUNT & SON. Bell Branch, Mich. Please mention the Review. FOR 14 CENTS! We wish to gain this year 2lKl,0i 0 C new customers, and hence offer S I Pkg. City Garden Beet, l(c % 1 Pkg Earl'st Kmerald Cucumberloc Z La Crossf Market Lettuce, loc S Strawberry Melon, 15c 5 l:i Day Radish, loc • Early Ripe Cahliage, lUc • Early Dinmr Onion, lUc O Brilliant Flower Seeds, 15c || Worth $1.00, for 14 cent». $L(iO A Above 10 Pkgs. worth .f 1.00, we will # mail you free, together with our A grt-at Catalog, telli ng all about 2 SALZER S MILLION DOLLAR POTATO a npon receipt of this noticr A" I4c. Z etainps. We invite yourtrade, and z know when you once try Sal zer'f* Jc ^I'eds you will never do withfiUt. • ''i*2<»0 Prizeson Salzer's litoO— rar- % est earliest Tomato Giant on earth. F : l2 JOH.N A. SALZEK SEED CO.. l,.tlK()»K. « In. A Bee keepers should send for our '97 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices. Oar specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK, 62 Cortland St., N y. City f^leuse mention Hit: fieoieiv. Wanted !« Your Honey. tion and price, THOS. C. STANLEY e will buy it, no mat- ter where you are. Ad- dress, giving descrip- 12-90-tf & SON, Fairfield, Ills, Xow is the time for all Eastern and Southern Bee-Keepers to send in their orders for Bee- Hives and iiee-Keepcrs' Supplies. We have a special offer to make to all Eastern and Southern buyers. Let us know your wants and we will 'ake pleasure in showing you that we can really save you money over our Eastern Competitors. The reasons are two-fold. In the first place, we are located in the lumber region of Wisconsin, and get our .supply of lumber direct from the mills; whereas, our Eastern competitors arc buy- ing limiber in our State and paving freight on rough lumber, which weighs much more than the finished product, to their Eastern factories, and then freighting the finished product back all over the West. In the second place, we support tu) branch houses or middle men. W^e sell direct to the consumer, and the only way a dealer can make a profit off our goods is by buying the larger quantity which is open to any purchaser, and selling at the small quantity rate. The cost of an article is based oti the cost of material ( here we shine I. the cost of labor, and a rea.sonable profit to tlie manufacturer. We sell our goods on this basis, while the manufacturer who sup- ports branch houses all over the United States, and some in foreign lands, must add to what we would consider a fair selling price, the freight charges from his factory to his supply-hou.se; he must have interest on his investment while his goods are waiting for a purchaser; he has rent to pay every month his branch house is kept open; he has additional insurance on the goods in branch houses; he must pay cartage from the cars to his branch house, and again back to the cars. Then the manager and clerks in the branch house must be paid. .\11 these things tend to increase the cost of the commodity to the consumer. If prices are the same at the branch house as at the home factory, then the price at the hom.e factory must be raised to meet these constantly increasing expenses; and the bee- keeper who takes his sjipply from the home factory is helping to support the branch houses in different vStates. We .sell f. o. b cars at Hud.son, with an allow- ance on freight for goods going east of Chicago. Buy your Bee Hives and supplies from us and yoi'i will get the goods at first cost. Iqterstate Mfg. Co., Hudsoq, Wiscoqslq. THE BEB-KEEPERS* REVIEW 95 ^*^^:^="!^T^^^>:^J^ees that delighted me greatly. They were just plain, dark, three- banded Italians, but as workers I have never seen them equaled. They seemed possessed of a steady, quiet determinati .n that enabled them to lay up surplus ahead of llie others. Easier bees to handle I have never seen. It sometimes seemed as though they were too busy attending to their own. business to bother with anything else. Their honey was capped with a snowy whiteness rivaling that of the blacks. In addition to these desirable traits must be added that of wintering well. If any bees came through the winter it was the colonies of this strain. They came a^ near being ideal bees as any I have possessed. All this was twenty years ago; and several times since then I have bought queens of this same breeder, and I have always found this strain of bees possessed of those .same good qualities— in- dustr>-, gentleness, and hardiness. In addition to this they cap their honey as the backs do theirs. I have frequently corresponded with this breeder, and with those who have bought queens of him, and I am thoroughly convinced that he has a strain of bees that are far siipcrior to the general run of stock. If I were starting an apiar>-, for the production of honey, I should un- hesitatingly stock it with this strain of bees, rhis breeder has always adverti.sed in a mod- -t. quiet sort of way, nothing in proportion to what his stock would have warranted, and I have decided that I can help him, and l>enefit my readers, at a prf>fit to my.self, by ad- vertising these bees in a manner befittingly en- ergetic. The price of these queens will be $1.50 each. This may seem like a high price, but the man who pays it will make dollars where this breed- er and myself make cents; and when j'oii come to read the conditions under which thej- are sold, it will not seem so high. The qiieens sent out will all be yoimg queens, just beginning to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicin- ity, it is not likely that any will prove impurely mated. If any queen should prove to be im- purely mated, another will be sent free of charge. Safe arrival in first-class condition will be guaranteed. Instructions for introducing will be sent to every purchaser, and if these in- structions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all; if, at any time within two years, a purchaser, for any reason whatever, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be refunded, and 50 cents extra sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seen that the purchaser runs no risk whatever. If a qiieen does not arrive in good condition, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is sent. If she should prove impurlj- mated, another is sent. If the queen proves a poor lay- er, or the stock does not come up to the expecta- tions, or there is any reason why the bargain is not satisfactory, the queen can be returned and the money will be refunded, aiid the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. I could not make this last promise if I did not know that the stock is really sfricRioR. I said that the price would be Si.so each. There is only one condition \inder which a queen will be sold for a le.ss price, and that is in con- nection with an advance subscription to the Re view. Any one who has already paid me, or who will pay me, S'-oo for the Review for 1900, can have a queen for |i. 00 That is, you can have the Review for 1900 (and 12 back numbers) and a queen for $2.00. Of course, all arrearages must be paid up before this offer will hold good. This special offer is made with a view to the getting of new subscribers, and as an inducement to old subscribers to pay up all arrearages and to pay in advance to the end of next year. Of course it is now too late to send out queens, but thev can be ordered, either alone, or in con- nection with a suliscription to the Review, and the orders will be booked and the queens sent next spring. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint Mich 96 THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW AVa^oy Iroprovernept? Tbis Yea^r. We have made many improvements this year in the mianufacture of bee-supph'es. The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better inate- rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, .sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be worked by the foot. The Heddon Hive. Another valuable adjunct to our manu- facture is the He5 per thou- sand; less than 5,000, II2.25 per thousand. No. 2, in 5,000 lots, at |i.5ope.- thousand; less than 5,000, f 1.65 per thousand. We also furnish hives, supers, ship- ping-cases, and all kinds of . upplies. Send for catalogue. H ri:enow& son, Prairie du Chien, Wis. JAfQ. Co. fleui Liondon, Wis. Nearness to pine and bass- wood forests, the possession of a saw - mill and factory fully equiped with the best of ma- chinery, and years of expe- rience, all combine to en. able this firm to furnish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices on a full line of supplies. Liatest Improvments Pe'pfeet Goods treasonable Prices. Hives. ship])ing cases, sec- tions, extractors, etc., every- thing a bee-keeper needs. Cat- alogue and copy of the Ameri- can Ree Keeper /)v^. The .\inericaii I'.ee Keeper is a live tnonthly and has been published by us for the past ten years— 50 cts. per year. W. T. Falconer A\f5. 60., Jamestown, N. Y. flo pish-Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the Van Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This style of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a zriy thin base, with the surplus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely be distinguished from that built wholly bv the bees. Being so thin, one' pound will fill a large number of sections. All the Trouble of wiring brood frames can \m avoided by using the Van Deusen wired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. d. VAN DEUSEN, Sprout Brook, N. Y. i ■:^,' 98 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. /% II .A %/. >A ♦/ Golden Italian, 3 - Banded Italian, and Holy lands. We have secured our stock from the best breeders of the U. S., and now we are able to offer the best strains of the best races in America. Queen Rearing is our specialtj'; we have been at it for years, and this depart- ment is under the immediate supervis- ion of our Mr. H. H. Hyde. We want the address of every bee-keeper for our queen circular which gives prices and methods of queen rearing, honey production, prevention of swarming etc. Prices, either race; — Untested June, July, Aug. and Sept. 75 cts. ; 6 for $4.25. All other months, $1.00; 6 for $5.00. Tested, June, July, Aug. and Sept., $1.25; 6 for $6.75. All other months, $1.50; 6 for $8.00. Discounts for quantities. Select tested and breeding queens a specialty. I-OO-tf O. p. HYDM & SON, Hutto, Texas. J This is the original one - piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, |i.88; 1,000 for $3.25; 3,000 for 18.90; 5,000 for f 13.00; 10,000 for jf22.6o. No. 2 sections are not made to order, but when in stock are sold at 1 1. 80 per M. /. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies i of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest t(|f ttf f^i W ever made; and he sells it at prices that de/y coDipetition! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered ere. Millions o f Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and be your own judge. AUG. WEISS, Hortonville, Wisconsin. Losses are not always the result of the same cause. They may come from starvation; from poor food; from improper prepara- tions; from imperfect protection; from a cold, wet, or possibly, a poorly ventilated cellar, etc, Successful wintering comes from a proper combination of different conditions. For clear, concise, comprehensive conclu- sions upon these all-important points, consult "Advanced Bee Cui.TURK." Five of its thirty- two chapters treat as many dif- erent phases of the wintering problem. Price of the book , 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the book for f 1.25. Stamps taken, either I'. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. #\ i> <> ij -> €1 V* II' -ht'd with brass hooks, and handles and lock. |)rice ji^i 50. This makes the entire outfit wor'li an even $iO 00. It is ex- actly ;h ' same kind of an outfit that my dausrh- ter ha.-, been iisintrthe pjist year with the best of satisfMciion to herself and teachers. Her violin h;i8 a mori* powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. 1 wish to sell hisou tit, and would accept ono- hftif nice, white extracted iioney in payment, the balance ca.~h. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned ami the i)urchase m1 r^HE PRODUCTION, CARE AND SALE OF EXTRACTED HON- EY. BY H. D. BURR ELL. (The Prize Article.) While extracted honey may be produ- ced in any movable-frame hive, it is best to use a hive adapted to the work. In this hustling age, one who would not "get left" in the race, even in honey raising, must cut all the corners he can. In long practice, I have found a 'di visi- ble-brood-chamber" hive best for extract- ing. With such a hive, rousing colonies may be had by easily increasing the size of the brood-chamber, and simply manipu- I04 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. lating its parts. I have united many col- onies, at about all seasons when bees can be handled, by merely smoking them a little and placing one hive upon another, with nothing between, and have yet to have harm done by quarreling. If one queen is superior, kill the other; if not, let the bees manage that matter. If we want increase, it is readily had by divi- sion; and I have easily worked through whole swarming seasons without a swarm, by a plan by which it is not necessary to go to the apiary oftener than once a week. Such hives are also good for wintering bees, indoors or out. Honey in them can be handled easily by the case, which saves time, trouble and bee stings, and there is no danger of the frames sliding together, and causing leakage. It is best to have plenty of extracting combs, and not let the bees run short of room. Queen-excluding honey-boards sim- plify the necessary work. When honey is about three-fourths capped over, it is usually ripe enough to extract; but it is better to tier up and leave it on the hives until the end of the season. In localities where there are two crops in a year, a light-colored one and a dark, with a dearth between, it is better to keep the two crops separate, by removing the light honey just as the dark flow is commenc- ing. In the hot weather usually prevail- ing at this season, honey will soon ripen in the hive, and may be extracted if not capped at all. At the end of the dark honey-flow it is usually cold or cool weather, and unfinished honey will not ripen nor be capped over. This unripe honey should be kept separately, and sold for manufacturing purposes, or to some other cheap trade. Sell none but well-ripened honey for table use, if you would build up and hold a profitable re- tail trade. That is a trade that pays. It is not necessary for honey to be mild and white to be good. I have many custom- ers who prefer good buckwheat or gold- enrod honey to white clover. In taking honey from the hives, it pays well to have some bee-escape boards. They save smoking, shaking and brush- ing bees. Porter is the best of the many escapes I have tried. Insert them at any time when convenient, and if there is no brood or queen above them, the upper stories will usually be practicably free of bees in 24 hours or less. Extracting from the brood-chamber is seldom necessary or advisable, with good management. It is essential to have a bee-tight ex- tracting room; and a stove in it greatly simplifies the work. Almost any small room may be cheaply made bee-tight, and easily warmed, by lining it with heavy building-paper, lapping the paper well, and tacking lathover the joints. In such a room honey can be easily extracted at any convenient time, summer or winter. If the weather is cool or cold, pile the honey on empty caps or temporary bench- es, above head-height if possible, heat the room to a temperature of 90° or high- er, and keep it so for 24 to 48 hours, ac- cording to the length of time the honey has been exposed to a low temperature. It will then extract easily. Some kinds of honey will soon candy in the comb, and must be extracted soon after being stored; but most honey keeps best in the combs, and it is better to leave it there until wanted foi sale or use. An active 12-year-old-boy, with any 2-frame extractor, will throw out honey as fast as almost any man can uncap it. Expensive, reversible extractors are nice to have, but seldom necessary. It is best to have two uncapping knives, and keep one all the time in hot water, changing often. A small oil stove is handy for this. For storing extracted honey, or ship- ping it in a candied state, or for holding cappings and draining them, I know of nothing handier or much cheaper than lard cans. They hold about seven gal- lons; and I get them of my grocery man at 10 cents each after the lard is sold; and can get them new of the butcher or hard- ware man at 25 to 30 cents. For uncap- ping, arrange a can in a convenient place, put a wooden frame on top to rest the THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 105 honey and clean the kni{e on, and let the cappins^^s droj) inside. Have a strain- er made of tinned wire-cloth, 12 meshes to the inch, soldered to a circular tin rim with sloping sides, and a little larger than the top of a can. Place this, convex side up, on a can of cappings, and invert all on another can. After the cappings are well drained, put them through a solar wax-extractor, even if it is necessary to wait for warm weather in the spring. In warm weallier, the bits of comb, and other foreign matter that will always get into honey whiie extracting, will soon rise to the top, and may be skim- med off. In cool weather, however, they must be strained out, and the honey must be heated in order to do it quickly. A good and simple plan is to put it in 5-gallon, screw-cap, tin cans and heat it slowly to a temperature of 120° to 115°. .\ piece of iron or a stone one inch thick placed under one side of the can will prevent danger of burning the honey. Attach a cheese-cloth sack, about 5x12 inches in size, to a sliding honey gate, screw the gate on the can, tip it on one side, and draw the honey through the sack into any convenient receptacle. A hole made in the top of the can with an awl, or some other sharp pointed tool, will give vent and the honey will run more freely. The hole can be stopped when necessary with solder or wax. It saves watching, and some danger of hav- ing a muss to clean up, by having the ex- tractor on a bench high enough so a can on platform scales can be set under the honey-gat''. A tin funnel, unusually large at both ends, is often a very handy im- plement. Get a daisy thermometer for 25 cents, to test temperature w'th, and be very careful not to let the honev get too hot. That will injure the color and fla- vor, and melt tlie wax in it, which will adhere to the inside of the can, or spoil the strainer. Don't use galvanized iron for any pur- pose where honey will come in contact with it. The acid in honey effects the plating. I once had an extractor can made of it, and if a small quantity of hon- ey was left in the can a short time it ac- quired a peculiar, offensive taste and smell. From the finer flavored honeys it is bet- ter to exclude the air, but the stronger flavored kinds are improved by exposure to the air in a well ventilated room; care being taken, of course, to exclude dust and insects. If you are troubled by ants, make a bench to keep honey on by lay- 2x6 pieces of lumber edgewise on the floor and covering them with boards. Make a chalk-mark one inch wide entire- ly around the middle, lengthwise, of the 2x6 pieces, and not an ant can crawl up over it. They can't get a foot-hold. For shipping liquid honey, perhaps the square tin cans are best, but for cheap honeys, barrels or half-barrels are cheap- er. Produce a good, well-ripened article of extracted hone}-, "get a hustle on," and sell it directly to customers yourself for a fair price. Do this and observe the Golden Rule, and you will find pleasure and profit in the business. South Haven, Mich., Feb. 28, 1900. PRING PROTECTION THAT IS NOVEIv, CHEAP AND EF- FECTIVE. BY M. P. CADY. A noted pugilist being asked for the secret of his success, replied, "When I saw ahead, I hit it." The abil- ity to go straight to the important element of one's business, and then to strike the proper blow, is certainly one of the secrets of success. The bee-keeper is con- fronted with many perplexing problems — location, wintering, spring manage- ment, marketing tlie crop, or perhaps as frequently, the problem of subsistence without substance: of the many ])rorlems the most pertinent, perhaps, at this sea- son of the year, is spring management. No matter how plentiful the sources of nectar supply, unless the apiarist has his io6 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. colonies strong at the beginning of the honey flow, he will meet with only dis- appointment and failure, hence the whole svstem of spring management should be directed to the production of strong col- onies early in the season. To secure the strongest colonies, two things are nec- essary; namely, ])lenty of heat and plenty of food. The food supply has been ver\- ably discussed many times, as has also the question of securing sufficient heat to enable the bees to do their best in rear ing the largest possible amount of brood early in the season. Various kinds of of packing have been suggested, all of which have their merits. ^Vithout entering into a discussion of the merits and demerits of chaff, sawdust planer shavings, etc., any of which are often unavailable, and all of which re- quire some time and skill for successful use, I wish to say that enough materials for proper spring protection of fifty colo- nies can be carried on an ordinary wheel- barrow. All that is necessary is a roll of good water-proof building-paper (not tarred), two or three bunches of lath, two pounds of common shingle nails, a knife, a saw, and a hammer. As this plan of spring protection is probably new to manv of your readers, detailed directions as to how it should be done may not be out of place. The paper should be cut into strips wide enough to reach from the lower edge of the bottom board to the cleat sup- porting the cover, or if the plain flat board cover is used, to the upper edge of the hive body. It should be of sufficient length to reach clear around the hive and make a generous lap at the front end. The laths should be cut into pieces of the length and width of the hive: eight pieces will be required for each hive. Two nails will be needed to nail each piece to the hive. All the material can be pre- pared in the work -shop, so that it will be but little work to prepare each hive. When all is ready, wrap one of the paper strips about the hive, even with the lower edge of the bottom board, tack the lath to lower and upper edges of the hive, bring the ends of the paper into proper position at one end of the hive, fasten them with the strips, and the work is done. For the entrance cut a hole in the paper of the proper size. It is a good plan to cut the lower lath for the front end of the hive into two pieces, and use them for entrance blocks. If the paper is lapped under them, it makes the entrance very warm and snug. For top protection, cut another paper large enough to cover the top of the brood chamber and allow sufficient to lap it about an inch on each side. Place this under the cover, and you have your colony packed in a manner that is simply draft proof, and if the bees are given a liberal food supph-, the process of brood rearing will go on very rapidly. The de- tails of packing are adapted to an eight- frame single-wall hive with a telescoping cap, but any bee-keeper can adapt the details to fit his own hive. The object of protection is to conserve the heat genera- ted by the colony, and this method ac- complished it with a medium expenditure of labor and capital. There are three ad- vantages in this methol of protection; namel}', low cost, cleanliness, and the portability of the hive is not affected. After the weather begins to get warm the top packing can be despensed with, and the side packing is no hindrance to the adjustment of the surplus receptacles. When through with the packing, it can be very quickly removed from the hives, piled up and burned, when it is out of the way forever, or if it is thought desirable to preserve it for future use, it can be stored away in a very small space. In my own experience, I have found it cheaper to burn up the whole lot, and get a new supply each year. The best paper that I have used for this purpose has been an oiled paper which cost about a cent and a half a pound, the bees disturbed the covering pieces but very little, and where colonies were weak, I used it for division boards with very satisfactory results; onesi>ecial advantage of paj^er for ihe last named use is that it THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW. 107 is unnecessary to remove any of the brood frames to make way for the division board, which enables me to keep my full com- l)lemeiit of frames in each hive, ready for use whenever I wish them. BiRNAMWoon, Wis., Mar. 29, 1900. ii.vi.i, \vi<: ADoiT run TALL SKCTION ? BY C. A. H.vrcH. This question was ask- ed at the Wisconsin convention, and hot- ly contested pro and con, and no doubt every comb hon- ey producer who has not already come to a con- clusion is asking the same ques- tion; and upon his answer may depend the amount of his in- come for the coming season. J. H. Martin's article in I'-ebruary Review, on this .sub- ject, is the cause of this article being written. I have the greatest respect for Hro. Martin, and his opinions on bee- matters, especially on comb honey pro- duction, are not to be slighted. If it were not for his closing paragraph one could put him on the affirmative of the question; Init when he closes by saying: "Had I a full compliment of Heddon su- pers for comb honey in square sections I would not change for the sake of using the tall section." This paragraph, taken in connection with the remainder of his article, either l)uts him on the fence, or, to say the least, makes him a rather weak advocate of the change. He admits that it is a fact that tall sec- tions will sell better in some markets; so there is no chance for disagreement there. This, however, is one of the smallest advantages in favor of tall sec- tions; for, as he well says, when all get to using them there will be no comparison, and, hence, all will fare alike. Neither should a thing be accepted be- cause it is nczc, nor clung to just because it is o/(f: this woula bar all progress, and deprive us of all our advantages as think- ing beings. The advantages of tall sections are three, ist. Appearance on account of shape. 2nd. Better finish; more of the comb attached to the wood, thereby raising the grade. 3rd. Increasing the product. Perhaps, before anything further is said, it would be well to say that what is meant, in this article, as tall a section, is the Danzenbaker, bee- way sec- tions, 4x5 inches in size; and that any other change that is less in size is not enough to be worth considering. The first point in their favor has been sufficiently considered by Mr. Martin, and nothing more need be said, except this, that if the honey in tall sections can be sold, even for two years, at an advance of one cent a pound, no producer can afford to lose it. Second. Better finish. After personal experience, in a small way, and observa- tion where they were used on a large scale, in the apiary of Mr. H. Mendelson, Ventura, California, who used them by the thousand, I am convinced that these tall sections will be better finished than square ones. Why, I am unable to an- swer; but I think R. C. Aikinhas given at least a part of the .solution in the fact that bees naturally tend to build comb deep- er than wide. Any one who ever used the old-style i><-lb. and 2-lb sections knows that it seemed as if it were just as easy to get a case of them filled as it was to get one of less weight in pound sec- tions;.and, may be, we are getting back closer to nature by using the 4x5 inch section. In my opinion, the ideal section is yet to be made. We have been forcing the bees to divide them selves up into a great number of small clusters by our io8 THE BEE-KBEPERS' REVIEW close sections, and closed separators, when instinct leads them to form only one large bunch for mutual heat and wax- elaboration. We have not only divided them off into little apartments, 4.}4 x 4'4^, but have fixed the corners so that it is al- most impossible for the bees to get into them in large numbers. My ideal sec- tion would be so made that the projec- tions would be, not at the corners, but in the middle of the sides; and these projections should be only long enough to keep the sections in place; something as shown in the accompany- ing sketch. We are working in the STYLE OF SECTION IN WHICH THE BEES HAVE FREE ACCESS TO THE COR- NERS, THUS SECURING MORE PERFECT FILLING OF THE SAME, right direction when we use slat or fence separators, but we keep up the trouble by putting the upright cleats from top to bottom, then cutting off each section from its neighbor the same as before. The third part of our defence, quantity, is not a point that admits of much argu- ment. It is like some other things we may know without knowing the reason; but is it really necessary for us to always know the reaso?t for a thing to make use of the fact? Farmeis for many years knew that land plaster was beneficial to clover, and yet scientists are not now sure why it is so. Shall a farmer wait for the scientist to tell him zc/iv, before he uses it? The value of manure on farm crops has been demonstrated jears and years ago, and yet science can not tell just why it is so ? Shall the farmer burn his manuie pile until tardy science catch- es up with him? The knowing why is a matter of knowledge which may or may not be of commercial advantage to the producer, let us rather demonstate the jfacf and retain that. But can not we find some of the why in the facts above stated in regard to i}^ and 2 lb. sections; or in the fact that the comb surface is increas- ed while the weight remains the same, hence, evaporation goes on faster, ^nd therefore the honey ripens quicker? In ansA-ering the most conmion argu- ment against tall sections, viz., cost of extra supers, we will ignore the first point in their favor, i. e., better appearance, and take only the last two, finish and quantity. I think, from extended obser- vation at the apiar}^ of Mr. Mendelson, who had 4x5 sections by the ton, that the grade was raised on at least 10 per cent. But, to be moderate, we will cut that in two, and call it 5 per cent.; and the 10 per cent, of increase of yield we will also halve, so, on a 50-lb. yield, we would have 2 }4 cents gain for grade, and 25 cents for j'ield; which would give us a gain of 2'j}i cents. Can a man afford to lose 27 >^ cents to save the cost of a 15 cent super ? Richland Center, Wis. IMar. 8, 1900. PRING MANAGEMENT AND COMB HONEY PRODUC- TION. BY G. W. M'GUIRE. The warm spring sun has again waked our bees from their long slumber and repose, and the wide awake bee-keeper should now lay aside every weight, and gird on the whole armor, as these are golden moments, and a little THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 109 neijlect just at this time may >(reatly les- sen the success of our season's work. I formerly insi)ecteil the whole apiary in early spring to ascertain the condition of each colony. I don't do that now. When soft maples are in bloom I walk through the apiary in the warm part of the day, closely observing each hive the outside appearance of which tells to the experienced observer the condition with- in. The bees should be dropping in front with hugh loads of pollen; and young bees should be sporting in front of this and that hive. It would be considerable of a drawback to open these active colo- nies at this time; as they are in the best possible condition for brood rearing, with every little crevice completely sealed. But now you find a colony gathering only slight loads of pollen. Yes, it is weak and discouraged. Let's lift it. O, how light! We will open it. Not as weak as we thought, but almost starving. We wait until almost sundown, to avoid rob- bers; and give it two combs of honey. Should we not have the honey we feed with a divison-board feeder, and cover up wann. In about ten daj's, more feed should be given, and so on, till the har- vest arrives. We now come to a hive where the bees are carrying in but little pollen, and ap- pear restless. See them running round the entrance, and up the front of the hive, and flying off a few feet, and then return- ing. Yes, they are queenle.ss, but we will only contract the entrance and let them alone, and hive the first swarm in with them; as it has never paid us to tinker with queenless bees. So time passes on, and our colonies are rapidly filling up with young and hatch- ing bees. The wide awake bee-keeper who buys his bread and butter with hon- ey will get all of his sections, supers, etc., ready during this calm just preceding the storm. I formerly waited till the flow was in progress, and the combs begin- ning to whiten with new wax before put- ting on boxes. I don't wait now; as it has a tendency to bring about swarming; and, as a comb honey producer, I have found it profitable to discourage swarming in every possible way, and still leave the bees in a normal condition. About ten days before the expected flow I place a super full of boxes with starters and two or three bait sections on each hive. Be- fore the flow comes the bees will become accustomed to their new addition, and will enter it with a rush when honey comes in freely. When our first super is about full, and all the center sections sealed, we change the full ones to the outside, and the part- ly filled ones to the center, lift this super, and place an empty one under. Should a swarm issue, we hive it on the old stand, moving the parent colon}' to a new location. We formerly put on boxes, or changed the super from the old colony, to the swarm at once but we don't do that any more, as, by so doing, we have had many a fine box spoiled with brood. [Use a queen excluder. Ed. Review.] We now wait 24 hours. By this time the queen has her brood-nest started, and will not leave it. When our next swarm comes oi:t, if we desire no increase, we shake most of the bees from the old colony (that first swarmed) in front of its swarm; hive the new swarm in it, (the old colony) and place it on the sta-id of the colony that swarmed last. The queen will make short work of the queen cells, and this colony will be in a condition to gather a big surplus. However, if we de- sire some increase, coupled with a fair surplus, we hive all swarms as advised in No. I, but look out for the after-swarms that will surely come in from 9 to 17 days. We do nothing to prevent the first one coming, just let it come when it wants to, and, while it is settled, go to the old hive and cut out all the cells, which are now easily found by the scarcity of bees. In doing this we secure many fine young queens by Miller's "pulling" method. These I let run down into the sections of colonies having old queens that need superseding; or into hives that have just swarmed, to prevent after-swartus. Wheu llo THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. the cells are cut out, we hive the swarm back where it came from. The queeu soon mates, the nurse-bees begin to move the honey which has accumulated in the brood-nest during the absence of a queen, to give room for the young step- mother to raise her family, and the resvilt will be sections filling up with wonderful rapidi- ty. After a while the swarming subsides, and the honey in the field begins to wane. We don't give an}' more room now, but remove the full boxes to the outside, and the unfinished to the middle. Should the flow linger a few days we will probably get most of them filled. A short stop in the flow leaves many unfinished boxes. These I place in wide frames holding eight sections each, with wire cloth tack- ed on one side, and extract as we would ordinary combs. The combs are stacked up on one or two colonies to be cleaned up; after which they are packed awa}' to be used as baits next season. Dark Ridge, N. C, March 5, 1900. TIMULATURE FEEDING OF BEES IN THE SPRING. BY IRA BARBER. As I have never seen a plan given in the bee papers for stim- ulating brood rearing in the spring which I think is as ef- fectual as the one I use, I will describe my method. When the bees are set 1 out in the spring, eaqh colony that is short of honey has a two-quart fruit jar of feed given it at once, the first evening; then, as soon as I can look over the others, all those that are short for bees are fed in the same way. The object in feeding the weak ones first is to get them started in brood rear- ing as soon as possible; so that they will be up with the best of the others the first of June. It is the strong colonies that call for lots of sections, while the weak ones call for only a few; and one can hardly expect a large crop of honey, •ven in a good sea- son, when only 30 or 40 per cent, of his colonies are strong enough to enter the sections at the beginning of the honey season. In my locality I am surrounded with large yards of bees, two miles away, my bees being in the center, and I am compelled to feed; as the natu- ral supply is too limited in the spring. The feed I use is made of best coffee A sugar; and is fed as thin as the bees will take it. The object in feeding thin syrup is to give the bees all the work possible in bringing it down to a proper thickness to be of any use to them. This causes them to raise the heat in the hive so that all the eggs that the queen lays are quite sure to be cared for. If the feed were given them as thick as honey there would be nothing for tlieni to do except to take it down and store it in their combs; and there would be a cold hive, and very little effort at brood rear- ing. The warmer the weather the thin- ner the feed can be fed. The top-board for my hive has a hole large enough to take the open end of a two-quart fruit jar. When I am not using the feeders this hole is covered with an old separator, tacked on with carpet tacks, and can be taken off and put on without much trouble, and is never in the way. I make the hole with an extension bit just large enough to take the mouth of the jar, then fill the jar with feed, and, for a cover, use a piece of cheese cloth large enough so it can be held on by a small string or a rubber band. When the jar is put in place it should be turned over quickly so that the air will not get in and allow the feed to run out. When the feeders are in position THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. in the feed will not go out any faster than the bees (iraw it. The hole in the boanl should be nearly in the center of the board, so as to come directly over the center of the cluster where the bees can take the feed to the best advantage. The cap to the hive should always be used to keeu out the rain, and, also, to keep robbers from get- ting a taste. If your paps are not high enough, make a narrow rim to raise it to the proper height to cover the jar, and make all secure. The advantages gained by feeding in this way are many. First, the feed is where the bees can best get at it, and there is no loss of time on account of the weather. There is no occasion for the bees to go out for water, as the feed fur- nishes that. There is no leaving the hive or cluster to get the feed at any time, and no loss of heat, as the jar closes the top of the hive as close as it would be closed if the jar were not there. Then, again, our early pollen producing trees, such as alder, popple, and elm, produce large quantities of pollen, but no honey to gather it with, so the bees are obliged to carrv honey from the hives to stick the little pellets of pollen together, and this feed answers the purpose of honey, which is always used in gathering pollen, no matter from what source if comes from; even artificial feed, such as corn meal, oats, rye, or any other provender that we may give them, to take the place of pol- lon, is always made into a sweet-cake be- fore it is carried home by the bees. I begin to feed all colonies about the first of May, and continue to feed until clover blossoms, except about ten days or so, when dandelions are at their best. Each colony requires about three jars of feed in two weeks, where there is plenty of honey in the hives, and but little com- ing in, and it takes a little over a ton of sugar for every 150 colonies. The cost is quite an item, but I have have always found that I have been well paid for the expense and labor required; for, if the season turned out a failure, my bees were in better shape to stand it, and my losses in stock were nothing when compared with those that occurred when not help- ed in the spring. When fed in this way, quite a number of colonies will swarm before the honey season sets in. All such are hived and given a jar of feed the first evening; so that a large brood-nest will be started before the sections are given. Those who think that all this sugar is going into the sections when they are put on, will be surprised upon opening a hive to find the sugar syrup gone, and in its place but little else except bees and brood. When dandelions yield honey well, all the surplus room in the hive will be well filled with that kind of honey; which is all right for the next winter. When feeding has to be done in the fall, I use the same jars, but enough jars on at one time so that all can be done as quickl}- as possible after all brood rearing is over; then we know what they have got. The feed for winter use should not be as thick as honey when given. Let the bees cook it to the right thickness, and it will never candy in the combs. No acids are required in the feed for win- ter. De K.A.I.B JUNC, N. Y., Dec. 18, 1899. Department of riticism CONDUCTED BY R. L. TAYI^OR. The best critics are they Who, with what they gainsay, Offer another and better way. CLOSED END FR.\MES BEST I-OR A "GI,U- EV" LOCALITY. In Gleanings, 5, Dr. Miller quotes Ram- bler's advice to one contemplating much moving of bees to adopt some sort of closed-end frame, and replies; "Fixed THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW distance frames, but not closed-end, for this glue}- locality." The editor gently rebukes the doctor, and then says: "I have come to the conclusion that, where pro- polis is verj' bad, a closed-end frame is better than the Hoffman; and a metal- spaced one better than either." I can- not see how any frame can be better than a closed-end one for a "gluey locality," but they must be close-fitting — long enough so that no propolis can be crowd- ed in between the ends and the end of tlie hive, and kept closed up, so that none can be put between their edges. That is the kind used in the Heddon hive. WHY ARE BEES NOISY IN THE CEr,I<.\R ? Editor Root, having said that when bees quiet down in a cellar after a fire has been started there, no one can say how much of the trouble was due to cold, and how much to foul air, Dr. Miller re- plies: "But I'll tell you one case in which you can tell. Temperature in cellar, 50°; same outdoors. Bees noisy. Fire start- ed toward evening running temperature up to 60°. Next morning bees still, with thermometer 50° inside and out. Foul air had all to do with it in that case." The editor replies: "That is a clear case." But is it a clear case ? Bees often become noisy and then quiet down without either a fire or a change of air. I remember once, in particular, going into my bee- cellar and finding the bees in a tremen- dous roar, exceeding anything I had heard before or since, but the next morning they were quiet enough. I could assign no certain reason for the commotion. I only know, for certain, that no ventila- tion was needed, and that neither extra ventilation nor fire was given. As we are not supposed to be with our bees in the cellar any considerable proportion of the time, we cannot say hotv often such periods of commotion occur; nor how long they last; but many cases might be collected to show that it is altogether im- probable that they are caused by lack of ventilation. One strong case, from the experience of a man of no less reliability than T. F. Bingham, of smoker fame, who says, in substance, (American Bee Journal, 76) that he has found that bees live for weeks quiet and contented in an atmosphere so destitute of oxygen that in . it a lamp would go out in a second. I can conceive that in a close cellar contain- ing no feature to create any motion in the air, except the bees themselves, that when the bees remain quiet the air in the hives might become surcharged with vapor as compared with the air outside the hive, and that the bees in consequence insti- tute periodical fannings to drive it out. A NEW THEORY REGARDING FERTILE WORKERS. "Oregon," in the American Bee Jour- nal, 39, asks Dr. Miller: "What is a laying worker ? Is it a worker fed a few dajs as a queen ?" evidently meaning, by the last clause, fed for a small proportion of the proper time for feeding a larva for the production of a queen. Judging from the facts he cites, he has a theory that laying workers come from larvte fed for queens, not from the age of three days and on- ward, but for only a comparatively short time before being inclosed. He says "I have several times had colonies that be- came queeuless when there was no brood in the hive, and such colonies never de- veloped laying workers. " I have noticed the same thing in colonies that became queenless during the winter. He after- wards made experiments, putting a frame of brood just ready to seal in one hive, after which it produced laying workers; and also taking from a strong colony its queen and all its brood, and so leaving it for 30 dsLXS without the appearance of laying workers, but la}Mng workers ap- peared in due time after some brood near- ly ready to cap had been given it. The theory interests me, and if it proves to be well-founded, it will be of consider- able value. I can only relieve this item from the curse of not finding fault, by saying that Dr. Miller entirely misses the point of the quer}-, and only indulges in a general disquisition on the subject of laying workers. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 113 The doctor might have made his ex- periment, undertaken to show that bees do not choose for the ])ro(hicLion of queens larvic that are too old, if lie had only fol- lowed it up, and determined whether some of his queens did not turn out to be laying workers, of considerable value. THE WONDERS OK OUR SPELLING. Mrs. R. C. Aikin in discussing reform- ed spelling (Gleanings, 87 ) asks the breth- ren if they have ever eaten any gliough- phtheightteeaux and says she should like the pleasure of cooking some for them if they will make "us a visit." The editor says it looks as though it might be some- thing tremendous and confesses that he cannot pronounce it. If he had remem- bered that in our wonderfid language gh sometimes has the sound of p, ough o and plith t he might have ventured to send a grateful acceptance. ME.A.Sl'RING UP THE DEAD BEES. The editor of Gleanings, at page 179, takes exception to the manner in which I developed his statement concerning the amount of superannuated bees which might be lost in wintering 75 or 100 colo- nies in the cellar. In replying he devel- opes considerable ingenuity in his attempt to minimize the effect of his plain state- ment. First, he complains because I seemed to take it that he meant the whole cellar bottom might be covered to a uni- form depth of from i to 2 inches, or what amou!its to the same thing, because I sup- posed he meant to that depth on an aver- age; but it appears now that he did not mean that. He intimates that the bees would not be evenly distrii)uted clear out to the cellar walls, and, besides, he would figure out the space occupied by 25 un- comfortably large (about 18 x 20 or 15 x 24 in. ) stands which he supposes vould be free from bees. Then, as he dislikes to take the average depths, so he dislikes to take the average loss to the colony; or I should say the loss to the colony, for by rejecting aver- ages the loss must be uniform. The greater loss, he thinks it natural to sup- pose, is the result of the greater number, which enables him to reduce the highest loss from 5 to 4)4 qts.; but if he consistently persists in rejecting averages, no colony can have a greater loss than 4 '4 qts.,antl, of course, none less than that. vSuch a loss uniformly distributed one would think would be sufficiently disheartening. If he takes the other horn of the dilemma, and agrees that there is a variation, and that while some lose much le5s than 4 '4 qts , others must lose much more, then we still easily have a loss from 2)2 to 5 qts. Again, if the greater loss comes from the greater number, then the less num- ber is responsible for the less loss, and we find 2% qts. the loss to the colony, with 75 colonies, and bees enough to cover the floor I inch, and we have a loss, by the editor's method of 2^s to 4% qts. instead of 2}4 to 5 qts. as I slated it. The less term is increased while the greater is di- minished, so a pursuance of the editor's artificial method does not yield results materially different from mine, and hard- ly furnishes a stable foundation for the editor's remark that "It shows how wide of the mark one can be when he becomes a professional fault-finder." Pursuing the matter, he deducts the space occupied by the 25 stands and redu- ces the capacity of the cellar floor to little more than one-third what it was, and re- duces the loss correspondingly. My stands are very much smaller, and so bet- ter covered by the hives, yet often the dead bees in them is greater than it is outside — how are the bees kept out of these huge stands? Again, where the amount of dead bees on the floor is so great there will be found among the combs and on the bottom boards of the hives more than enough dead bees to supply the spaces occupied by the stands with the average quantity — why should not some account be taken of these ? But I find, on reviewing the whole sub- ject, that I have been allowing the editor to draw me entirely away from his origin- al proposition, which weis not that there 114 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. would be a particular depth on the floor, but that "75 or loo colonies in a cellar lo X lo may furnish dead bees before spring sufficient to cover the floor an inch or two in depth. " This is an abstract proposi- tion; not a concrete one. It allows no room for shallow places nor for stands and affords no foundation for the refine- ment of reason to which he resorts. Finally, it is touching to witness the loyalty of editor York to his brother editor as he comes so promptly to his support (American Bee Journal, 185) and says editor Root figured the loss "less than oue-third as many" as I did. Then he waxes hilarious, and says "Mr. Taylor seetns to have had his colonies in some way suspanded from above leaving the entire floor to be covered with bees." Behold, how good and how pleasant it is For brethren to dwell together in unity ! I trust, however, it may not be at too great a sacrifice. Lapeer, Mich., Mar. 21, 1900. EDITORIAL ffcrings- A New Cover will be put upon the Re- view beginning with the next issue. It will be a bright, beautiful goldenrod in color. "Greasy Sections," or the cause of them, may be traced to the queen, ac- cording to views of some bee-keepers. Mrs. A. J. Barber holds the queen respon- sible for almost everything that goes wrong — greasy sections and all. Travel-Stain, according to the views of Mr. S. r. CuUey, is caused by the sali- va of the bees, which first turns the combs yellow, and then black, as tobacco do^s a pipe. If such were true, I fail to see why more saliva should be placed upon some parts of the comb than upon others. Aprii, is the month to leave the bees alone, says Mr. A. E. Hoslial of Canada. ^^»»^ini* •»»» starved brood. I would not lull any one into fancied security when there was foul brood in the apiary, but it is well to know that so good an authority as Wm. McEvoy of Canada saj's there is great dange*- of starved brood in the spring when a frost, or any- thing, cuts off' the incoming supply of honey. The bees will not uncap the the sealed stores fast enough to supply the larvie with food. The remedy is for the bee-keeper to uncap some of the seal- ed honey; to see that there is uncapped honey in the hive until fresh honey is again brought in. tf^t^trnH'-i*. A New Edition of the A B C of Bee Culture will be gotten out the coming season. It is being thoroughly revised again, and a great deal of pains taken with the whole book. It will probably be September, or later, before the new edition will be read3% but orders may be entered at any time, and the book will be sent as soon as ready. The 1899 edition is nearly exhausted, and any one expect- ing to send in an order will do well to wait for the 1900 edition. rf^rf«^»jr«*»ar«. department of criticism to be dis continued. It is with considerable reluctance that I have decided to discontinue the Depart- ment of Criticism. I am led to take this course for the same reason that I drojiped the other departments, viz. ; the gradual accunmlation of excellent original articles for which I have no room. I believe that more good will be done by the publication of these articles than in criticising what appears in the other journals. As I have said before, the dropping of these depart- ments is no reflection upon the men who conducted them; it simply means that I think the space can be better used in a different way. I THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW "5 COMPENSATION FOR I'OII. RKOODY COLO- NIES THAT AKIC DICSTKOYED. In the last issue of the Review I men- tioned that the bee keejiers of Wisconsin were trving to have an amendment made to their foul brood law, allowing owners of foul broody colonics some compensation for their colonies when destroyed. Com- menting upon this, Stenog., in Gleanings, says that this could not be done, proba- bly, as such colonies have no value any- how. If we are to be compensated be- cause our bees contract this disease, he thinks that we ought to be given a pen- sion when we get the grip. A foul broody colony does have some value; unless too far gone with the disease it may store a fair crop of honey. A cow diseased with tuberculosis would be of value to her own- er if he kept on selling her milk and but- ter, but it is because of the menace to the public that the law says she nmst be kill- ed. It is done for the public good, and it is no more than fair that the public should bear a part of the burden. If the State reimburses a man for the loss of his cow that is killed because she has the tuber- culosis, there is no reason why it should not do the same by the bee-keeper who destroys his foul broody colonies for the sake of the public good. "TO MUCH MICHIGAN IN IT." Mr. F. L. Thompson says that he con- siders the Review as good a journal as can be made by a sta}-at-home editor. Just going to Wisconsin and Canada he considers the same as staying at home. There is too much cellar-wintering, and fruit-bloom, and small hives, and fall corn-weather, and the like. To sum it up in a few words, "To much Michigan in it." The Western beginner gets false ideas, and the western specialist has con- stantly to apply a sifting jjrocess. There may be something in this criticism. I have no doubt that a different manage- ment is sometimes needed in Colorado, or in California, than is needed is Mich- igan. It is true that I have had no ex- perience in Western bee-keeping, but ar- ticles from bee-keepers living in the West have always been welcomed in the Review. We have several times had Western bee journals that were started, ostensibly, because the eastern journals had "too umch Michigan in them," but I was never able to discover that they dif- fered s:reatly, in this respect, from the Eastern journals. Supposing that Mr. Thompson is cor- rect, there is this to be said in defense: Nine-tenths of the readers of the Review live in Canada and the Northern part of the United States east of the Mississippi, and in the first row of states west of the Mississippi. It is true that on my trips among bee- keepers, I have not yet visited any very distant parts of the country. I may do so in the future. I hope that I can. It seemed more sensible tome to begin near home. To man\' of us are inclined to look for great things away off somewhere, while something just as good may be overlooked right under our noses. *n»»»r»»*»*» A TRUST, OR CO-OPERATION, NEEDED IN BEE-KEEPING. Gleanings contains articles from sev- eral men advocating, or setting forth a need, of a trust, or combination among bee-keepers. A discussion on trusts was once started in the Review, and I cut it off because it seemed to be wandering too far from bee-keeping. If all of the in- dustries of the country could be organized into trusts, each kind b}- itself, the bee- keepers forming a trust, the wool growers another, the glass makers another, and so on, then we would all be on an equal footing. As it is now, with part of the industries taking the advantages of or- ganization, and other industries with no organization, there often comes injustice. The trouble in forming a combination of bee-keepers, or of farmers, is because of their large number and scattered condi- tion. Notwithstanding these conditions, some bee-keepers, notably those of Cal- ifornia and Colorado, have bettered their :l6 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. condition by combination and co-opera- tion. Some years these two States seem to be favored spots that produce large quantities of honey, and, if the rest of the country produces a short crop, there is then an opportunity for the bee keepers of these two states, by combination, to secure good prices for their honey. With- out orga>ii~atio7i nothing of the kind could be accomplished. I believe that this question is one that might be profit- ably discussed. If there were some way by which we bee-keepers could know what the crop is as soon as it is off, and could then decide what prices ought to be, and would all stand by those prices, it would be accomplished. Sounds sim- ple enough, but how can it be done? XAM*. »fr^^^^^^ WHICH IS THE MOST HOPEFUL FIELD ? This is an age of specialty. Concen- tration of aim, energy, capital and pur- pose accomplishes more than does a scat- tering of them in various directions. In this respect, bee-keeping is no exception. We have had many discussions as to what would best mix with bee-keeping, and the decision has always been, some more bees. Many a bee-keeper fails from keep- ing twofeiv bees. Bees in limited numbers will probably always be kept by a large number of persons, and this is entirely right and proper, the same as a bee-keep- ing specialist may keep a few fowls, or plant a garden, if he really cares for that kind of work, but, as the years go by, more and more will the great bulk of hon- ey be produced by men who follow bee- keeping as a business. This being the case, the question arises: In which di- rection is commercial bee-keeping sus- ceptible of the greatest improvement? Where is light most needed ? Which is the most hopeful field ? I think that the time was once when bee-keepers in the Northern States would have unhesitatingly said: The wintering of bees. Perhaps some of them will say so now — and they may tell the truth, too. However, we are doing so much better in this direction than we did years ago, as to leave it an open question whether win- tering should be placed at the head — or further down in the list. The idea of planting .specially for hon- ey has practically been abandoned. It has been found much easier for Mohamet to go to the mountain than to bring the mountain to Mohamet. Our hives, supers, extractors, comb foundation, smokers, and other imple- ments, together with the methods for their manipulation, are probably not per- fection, but, if the bees will only bring in the nectar, these things enable us to han- dle it to pretty good advantage. The devising of some plan whereby bees may always find nectar in paying quantities, will probably never be accom- plished, but we have had many reports of some strain of bees lying up a fair surplus while some other strain had to be fed. Here is food for thought. Improvement of our stock may not be the most hope- ful field at present, but it certainly will yield abundant fruit if rightly tilled. Our methods of putting up honey for market, and our systems of marketing, are great improvements upon those of the past, but they are decidedly behind the times, as compared with the wa3-s that some products are put upon the market. We need system, uniformity, co-operation and business like methods. Too many of us, when we have produced a crop of honey, think our work is done. It is only half-done. I have now mentioned a few of the field? in which I believe that we as bee- keepers may labor with fair prospects of receiving our just rewards. Which one ought to arouse our brightest hopes, I am unable to decide; and to the one who will, before May 15th, send me the best ar- ticle on this subject, giving reasons why some particular field offers the greatest in- ducements, I will pay I5.00 cash. To the w'riter of each article, aside from the prize article, that is accepted I will send the Review one year and one of the Su- perior Stock Queens. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 117 UNDESIRABLE FEATURES OK MICHIGAN'S FOUL- BROOD I, AW. Gleanings for April ist has a communi- cation from Harmon Smith, of Orleans, Michigan, in which he says that he had much to do in defeating the foul brood law that bee-keepers attempted to have passed by our last legislature. His rea- sons fordoing this are that he thinks that we have all the law that is now need- ed— all that is needed is its enforcement. jNIr. Smith thinks that the reason for wishing a change in our present law is to give some one at the capital a nice fat job. Allow me to call Mr. Smith's at- tention to several features of the old law that I consider objectionable. There is too much complication about the appomtment of a commissioner. If a bee-keeper suspects that foul brood ex- ists in the apian,* of a neighbor, he must first find four other bee-keepers to join with him in petitioning the appointment of a foul brood commissioner for that county. Upon the presentation of such petition, the judge of probate is to appoint a competent commissioner, a resident of the county, who shall receive %2.oo a day for his services while making the investi- gation. If it turns out that there is no foul brood where it was suspected, then the person making the complaint must pay the commissioner. You will see that there is a whole lot of red tape about it. Many bee-keepers who are not in the business very extensively would hes- itate about taking all of this troub- le, even if they did suspect the pres- ence of foul brood in some neigh- bor's apiary, especially if they would be called upon to bear the expense if it turned out that there was no foul brood. Compare all of this with simply the writing of a letter to a state inspector, saying: "I suspect that there is foul brood in the apiary of my neighbor, John Brown " There is another point right here: A man does not like to complain openly of his neighbor: it sometimes leads to hard feelings. With our present law no complaint can be made without the complainant being known. There is no objection to his being known, but be- cause it will be known who made the com- plaint, and because the expense will be thrown upon the complaninant if there is no disease, many who are bee-keepers in a small way will keep still because of the difficulty, publicity, and possibility of expense. This may seem like a strange objection to urge against our present law, but any one with a good knowledge of human nature will see at a glance that it is a most serious objection. A state com missioner can be notified easily and/n- vately, and he comes, not apparently be- cause a neighbor has complained, but be- cause he has a risht to come — he has the official authority to examine any man's bees. Another objection to our present law is that it is not possible to find a com- petent man in each county to cope with foul brood. Foul brood may have made its appearance for the first time in some county, and there may be no bee-keeper who knows very much about it. To suc- cessfully cope with the disease requires a man who is thoroughly competent and has had experience. And now comes the weightiest objec- tion of all: The present law makes no provision whatever for curing the disease — for saving the bees and hives. They must be destroyed. At the time when the law was passed it was probably all right in this respect, as we did not then know that the bees and hives might be saved. Now we know that the bees may be shaken off and saved, and the hives may be disinfected and used; and, if one has sufficient skill, and is careful enough, even the honey and wax may be saved. In Canada and Wisconsin they are get- ting rid of the scourge. In Michigan ab- solutely nothing is being done, simply tjecause the present law is lacking m the points that I have mentioned. Mr. Smith says that the anxiety to get a new law is that thereby some one at the Capitol may get a job. Bee keepers who n8 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. have worked to secure the passage of this bill certainly did not have in view the giving of "some one at the capitol a job " Besides, Mr. Smith should know that the passage of the proposed bill carried with it the plan of having the commissioner appointed upon the recommendation of the State Bee-Keepers' Association. That body would not be very likely to recom- mend the appointment of "some fellow at the capitol." We need a new law. There is no ques- tion of that; and that opposition to it should come from otir own ranks is a sur- prising thing. ^extractedT BLACK BROOD. The Conclusions of Dr. Howard Regarding the Disease. Its symptoms, and Reme- dies that are Advised. Of all the dangers that are now threat- ening bee-keeping, none appear greater than what has been named "Black Brood." So far as is known it started in New York some three or four ago. From its great resemblence to foul brood, it has been confounded with that disease; but, at last, Dr. Howard of Texas, has made a thor- ough investigation and has published the results in Gleanings. I will not take the space to print a full account of this in- vestigation, but all bee-keepers should know the conclusions at which he arrived. They should know the symptoms, so as to be able to detect the disease if it should break out in their apiary; and, while there has not yet been discovered a positive remedy, it is well to know what is now considered the best course to take. I will quote from Dr. Howard's report the portion that covers these points. After describing his investigations, Dr. Howard says: — Here conclude my investigations, which have been carefully conducted; al- though under disadvantages as to season, etc., they have in a great measure been satisfactory. Many points of vital inter- est have been made clear, while others of equal importance are necessarily obscure. It is clearly not foul brood. It is clearly something new. It is apparently a dis- ease of the pupa stage. The infection is clearly not in the pollen — not due to a fungus but due to bacteria. All diseases in animal and vegetal life, are due to the results of parasitic invasion — some by their mechanical presence, some by the ferments produced in the body, and in plants by changes in or tak- ing from them their life juices, causing starvation and immature growth. In any given case of rotten brood, dead from freezing, starvation or other causes, being allowed to remain in the cells mucli of the poison generated, as well as the germs themselves, or their spores, remain adherent to the sides of the cell. These are like the seeds which "fell on the stony ground," and will not grow un- til the proper soil, such as is furnished by the rich nitrogenous substances supplied to the brood bv the nurse-l)ees is brought in contact with them, when a luxuriant growth obtains. This produces a fermen- ting, decomposing food unfit for the brood, and sets up a ferment, a decompo- sition within the bodies of the bees, thus destroying their lives. This might hap- pen to the host with any form of parasitic life, either animal or vegetal. It might be said, speculatively, that the disease had its origin in starvation, and that in some cases several putrefac- tive bacteria of similar biological charac- ter w'ere responsible for this malady, which, when once started and imdisturb- ed, becomes as destructive as the old- fashioned foul brood. The two germs iso- lated having similar, or the same, biolog- ical characteristics, especially an alka- line medium in common, are both in a measure responsible for this disease, and perhaps the variations, the malignancy, etc.. are due to modifications by combin- ed action. It is, evidently, now due to a specific germ, Bacillus jitilli: the other, perhaps purely accidental at first, on account of its requiring more ox- ygen, is now found in the thorax among the respiratory organs. While it has not been clearly demon- strated by facts, practically, it appears to be true that perfect bees, especially nurse-bees, are injured bj- the infection. Foul brood, pickled brood, and black brood. Foul brood, due to IhuHIus alvei — a specific bacterium. THE BEB-KEEPERS» REVIEW 119 Pickled brood, due to Aspergillus polliuis — a specific fungus. Black brood, due to />adlltis viilli, modified, perhaps, by H.uillus t/ionuis, specific bacteria. Hlack brood may be introduced into a healthy colour through infected food or infected combs — combs from which the diseised brood has been removed, or in which particles remain. The food for the young larviL'. either from its chemical reaction or from its lack of nitrogenous substances, is not a suitable medium for immediate growth of the germs; but when the chyle-like food is furnished the older larviu, a chemical change in the food produces a change in the liquids of the bee, which become a suitable nutrient medium for their rapid development' and dissemination. It would appear that in some cases. Bacillus l/ioraris was the cau.se of death, as the spiracles, or open- ings admitting air to the respiratory appa- ratus, were closed by the products of de- composition or the result of it. In such cases it is usually nearly matured bees that are choked for want of air. These did not show the discoloration or shape- less mass vvhich always obtains when Bacillus »iilli is foinid in the abdomen. This latter germ, multiplying rapidiy in the rich nutrient mediiun of the alimen- tary tract, may destroy younger brood than the former. It is often found in other parts, and is certainly the cause of dark masses of rotten brood. Both germs are found in the same comb, and often in the same bee, thus insuring a mixed infection. Brood is usually attacked late in the larval life, and dies during pupation, or later when nearly mature and ready to come forth through the chrysalis capping. P^ven after leaving the cell they are so feeble that they fall from the combs help- less. Most of the brood dies after it is sealed. In this it is much like pickled brood, except that as much or more brood dies in the late larval stage than in the pupa. In foul brood, while brood of all ages dies, yet more dies "at the ages of 6, 7, S and 9 davsthan at at any other age" (author's I'oul brood, page 46 U even before the rich chyle-like food mixed with pollen is given, which is such a necessary envirotitnent for pickled brood and l>lack hrood. When the larvee show the first signs of this disease, there appears a brownish spot on the body, about the size of a pin- head. The larvte may yet receive nour- ishment for a dav or two; but as the fer- mentation increases the brownish spot en- larges, the larva dies, stands out, swollen and sharp at the ends. In this thev are like pickled brood, except that the brown spot is not pre.sent in pickled brood, but pickled brood sometimes becomes brown after death. Foul brood turns brown only after the action of putrefactive germs have brought about decomposition. No decomposition from putrefactive germs takes place in pickled brood. In black brood the dark and rotten masses, in time, break down and settle to the lower side of the cells, in a watery, syrupy, granu- lar liquid — not the sticks-, ropv, balsam or glue like semi-fluid substance of foul- brood. It does not adhere to the cell walls like that of foul brood: has not the characteristic foul odor which attracts carrion-flies, but a sour, rotten-apple smell, and not even a house-fly will set her foot upon it. Cappings in foul brood are sunken in the center when broken, sometimes pufi^ed out by internal gases. In black brood, the cap is disturbed from without, sometimes uncapped, and cell contents removed by the bees; not so in foul brood. The cap in pickled brood is usually imdisturbed. The decayed brood masses do not adhere to the cell walls like either of the others. During a good honey flow, of a few week's duration, if the colonies are strong, black brood and pickled brood entirely disapear so far as appearances go; and even in foul brood, colonies seem for the time to improve. The most common causes for this apparent improvement are that in black brood and foul brood the old foul combs are filled with honey instead of brood; and eggs are laid in cells hither- to not used for brood, and in new combs when comb building is going on; or \\here comb-foundation is used, the queen takes advantage of this and deposits her eggs before the cell's are drawn out and fill- ed with honey. Again, proportionately, there is less brood-rearing and more comb building during a heavy honey-flow in strong colonies than in weak ones. In weaker colonies these diseases do not dis- appear, as more brood is reared and less comb is built, in proportion to the mature bees, than in strong ones In pickled brood the infection is in bad pollen: nice new pollen always causes it to disappear. Why these diseases should recur Avhen there is a dearth of honey in the field, woidd be of interest to many. In strong colonies, as we have seen, proportionately less brood was reared during the honey flow, and now we have fewer bees to keep up the strength of the colonies against the normal death-rate. 120 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Again, the brood is gradually finding its way back to the center of the brood-nest, where there are many infected cells which were filled with honey during the rush of the honey-flow. These, with inclement weather and other unnatural surround- ings, are conducive to recurrence. Often new pollen is stored on old infected pol- len— in the same cell — and when this new pollen is exhausted, and no other to be had, the old pollen must be used; hence a recurrence of pickled brood. The best time to effect a cure is during a honey-flow. Adopting a modified McEvoy plan: Make your stocks strong by uniting; place them upon comb foundation start- ers and cage the queen. After five days remove the starters and make them into wax, and give full sheets of foundation — keeping the queen caged five days longer. This will give time for all infected ma- ture bees to have disappeared before any brood is reared. Don't try to save infected mature bees by drugs. They are not worth the trouble; yet salicylated syrups, * during a dearth of honey in the field, would in a measure prevent a recurrence, but would not cure the disease. It would not destroy the germs, but prevent their growth, by plac- ing them in an antiseptic t medium. If a cure is contemplated when little honey is coming in, the above modified McEvoy plan should be observed in everv detail, and the bees fed with salicylated syrups luitil the co!nbs are well filled, so tiiat all food may be rendered antiseptic by the time brood- rearing begins. Great care should be taken to melt all old combs and removed starters into wax at once. Do not use a solar extractor, but remove the material at once to hot water or a steam extractor. Until further investigations shall reveal the longevity of these germs iu open air, I shall recom- mend a thorough disinfection of the hives, frames, etc., bv boiling in linseed oil for half an hour. Thi"! would not injure hives or fixtures; besi'les, the high tem- perature reached would insure thorough disinfection. Careful, practical, and ex- perimental work, coupled with microscop- ic iuvestitrntiou iu the presence of this disease when at it worst, will, I feel con- fident, discover some practical plan for its successful eradication. BEE-MOTHS AND ROBBING. * Sodium salicylate one ounce, water five gal- lons, white .sugar forty pounds. Make syrup without heat. t Antiseptics prevent germ growth. Disinfec- tants destroy the life of germs, by actual contact only. How to Avoid Trouble from Both, and Stimu- late Brood-Rearing in the Spring. We have been taught to believe that the way to avoid trouble from moths and robber bees was to keep the combs of honey shut up closely. To a certain ex- tent, and under certain conditions, this is probably true, but there are other con- ditions and circumstances when an op- posite course may be pursued with an additional profit. This plan was de- scribed about a year ago by Harry S. Howe, and published in the American Bee Journal. Mr. Howe said: — During the past few weeks I have at- tended several bee-conventions in differ- ent parts of the State. Among the things that struck me as worthy of note was the number of people who had questions on the two subjects — bee-moths androbling. Generally the man who was interested in one also had some questions on the other. And not less curious to me were the remedies proposed. One man advised that the combs to be kept from the rava- ges of the moth be first soaked in brine, then dried and packed away. When they were to be used again they were to be soaked in fresh water to remove the salt, and then dried again ! Some years ago I bought out a bee out- fit. The formei owner wintered the bees in a double-walled house. Some time during the previous winter he died, and the family, being afraid of bees, opened the door hut left the bees just as they were. When I got them later in the sea- son there was a sight. The rats had eat- en the lower tier of hi\es about all to pieces. Some of the bees had moved out and lakrn u)) their abode in the corners of the room. Others had succummed en- tirely, while 15 colonies still held the fort ill their hives, and the moth.s — well, ther ■ was a great chance for mis.sionary work. Yet in a season or two, without any special treatment, there were no moths to be seen. .\nd the bees were not Ital- ians either. All the precautions necessary to keep my large stock of extracting-combs even at that place are to space them one less to the hive than they are used in the simnner, and then leave them where they will freeze during the winter. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. The moth passes the winter usually in the eij.ii-slai:;e, and a jiood, solid freeze will kill those; so, in the spring there are no worms to eat the comh. There are usually two hroods during the season, one in the spring, the other during the fall. It takes about three weeks for the larvie to mature. Another point in the sife keeping of combs is the presence of pollen or dead brood. The larvie of the moth cannot live Oil wax alone; thev nuist have so!ne other food. Now, combs used for ex- tracting seldotu have any poU-n or other nitrogenous foo4 to 7 cts. for kegs, and 7 to 7;2 for tins, according to quality, but with very little trade. Florida ex- tracted honey, 8 to H'/i, light amber, 7^2 to 8; am- ber, 7 to 7 ',2. Other grades of .Southern at from 75 to 80 cts. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax, a little more active at from 27 to 28 per lb. Jan. II. FRANCIS H. I,EGGETT & CO. W. Broadway, Franklin & Varick Sts Bee - Supplies. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's honey jars. Prompt service. Low freight. Catalog free. Waker S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave,, Indianapohs, Indiana. Only exclusive bee-supply house in Ind. Wanted— To rent an Apiary, House and Fruit Garden. C. S. DOWNER, South Haven, Mich. Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers are looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your name on a postal card, will bring you prices of queens, bees, nuclei, bee supplies, and a catalogue giving full particulars, with a full treatise, on how to rear queens, and bee-keeping for profit, and a sample copy of "The .Southland Queen," the only bee paper published in the South. All free tor the asking. 3-99-tf THEjBNNm ATCHLBY CO., Beeville, Bee Co. Texas. Caniiolaiis I Carniolans ! ! The largest and finest stock in America. No other apiary in this country contains as many Imported Carniolan Queens as this. The gen- tlest, the hardiest, gather the least propolis; no bee-veil needed; equal Italians for honey. RALPH BENTON, " The Carniolan Apiaries," 1801 Harewood Ave., Washington, D. C. 3-00.31 PIfuse mention the Reuietv. Hives Almost Given Away! Below is a list of hives that I have taken in ex- change for sections, foundation, etc., aud I wish to sell them. I will take S30.00 for the lot, Su pers, covers, bottom - boards, entrance - blocks, etc., are included, but there are no frames. I will, however, furnish new frames, all nailed up, for ?5-,Sc extra. The hives will hold nine L,ang troth combs, and they are painted two coats of paint in diiTerent colors. Here is the li.st ; — 6, new, Champion, chaff-hives, at Si -35 .. |8.io 14, secondhand " " " " i.oo 14.00 II, " .Simplicity hives " .72 .... 7.92 Total, 530.02 I also have 4,000 of Root's No. i, 45{.\^xi% sec- tions that I offer at 52.65 per 1,000, Who wants thein ? .Speak (luick. 4-00-tf CHAS.G. GHAMBERLi:^, Romeo, Mich. i^lftase mtsntion the Beuiew. Please mention the f^nuiew. Most talked of potaio 011 earth ! Ol Catalog t«'ll.s— ho ulso about t^al- zer's Karlie.st Si.\ Weeks' I'olnto. Largest f;irm and vegetable seed growers in U.S. Potatoes, jl. "Hand, upabbl. Send this notice and 6c. stamp for Big Catalog g2 JOHN A.SALZER5EED (siA CROSSEwis THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 123 What Others say of Root's Plain Sections and Fences, and the Uanzenbal^er Hive. CALIKORNIA. F. Danzenbaker: "I imist say 1 admire your comb-honey super. When I saw your super and seclions advertised by The A. I Root Co. I was certain it was good. I'shall tr>- a number of thousand of your im- proved sections another season. I like your re- versible bottom board. It works we'll. The broad, deep entrance for hot weather is a splen- did idea. I can move your bees with new combs, full of honey and brood, without breakage, with the best of success."' M. H. Mendelson, Ventura, Cal. Dec. 6, '97. Mr. M. is one of the largest honey producers in California. He broiight thirty Danz. hives comjilete and 525 supers which he used on 10 fr. I,, hives. He had 30.000 Danz. sections filled which sold in I^os Angeles to ihe fancy grocers for 1 1 '2 c, when 41^ 4ections sold for 8 to 9 c. A difference of 3 c each on 3o,o«inai'iiui'liii'>i'na>i'uiiia>uiiiiiB i:i'aiir>. Root's G00CI5 At Root's prices, phts carload rate of freight. 2-00-tf W.O.Victor, Whz^rtoo, Texas. iaiiiniu!liMiiaaMnnB"i'HiiioiiiiiulwiiijiBiHiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiBllllllllil Hopey Dittrner's Extraictor 1 1 Pour5cld.tior7 | for sale. I have a lle^y, \'an- | | Allen & Williams honey ex- j""l tractor for sale. It has four |»""| baskets of the right size for aiiiiii| extracting Langstroth combs, |,|„J and they can be rever.sed au- i I aiini'i totnatically — without stop- f s ping the machine. The regular f'""l price of such a machine is ■ ^ $20.00, but I took this one in ■ ■ payment for advertising, and, , j as I wish to get it into cash as s soon as I can, I oner it for only xi5.rx3. W. Z. HUTCH INSOyN, ] \ Flint, y^icb. ■ prniKBM'r.g FBi|.ti"«i'8acBB>ii<>.iSii><>iia3i"i'»iii>ii.'Bi.uaSMB5mia«iiiuBj:i.[jiiiniHBuii>iii At Wbol^jale anii'ai'i>iiaBnniiiiiwaliiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiijiiiiijiiiM'ianiuiiniuluiiiiiilijiiiiiiiiiiii,i,ii(uiiiu| 126 THE BER-KEEPERS' REVIEW. (Jueens. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will i-ear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, $2.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, fir. 00; 6for|;5.oo. Untested, 75 cts.; 6 for I4.00. W. H. t,aws, Round Rock, Texas. FOR 14 CENTS I We wish to pain thiHyear 200,0(0 9 new customiTs, and hence offer # I Pks. Oity (Jarclcn Bret, lljc • 1 Plcg Earl'st Knierald Cucuinberl5c Z La GrosBH Market Lettuce, IBc Z Strawberry Melon, l:^ Day Radish, Early Ripe ( 'ahliape, Early Dinner Onion, Brilliant Flower Seeds, Worth $1.00, for 14 cents. 15c J lOc j lOc 4 lOc i 15c ( $1.00 t Above 10 PkgsTworth $1.00, we will \ mail you free, together with our f great Catalog, telling all about i SALZER S MIUION DOLLAR POTATO | upon receipt of this notire & i4c. J Btanip.s. VVe invite yourtrade, and J know when you once try .Sal ^t*r'N 3 seeds you will never do without, i i«2er who takes his supply from the home factory is helping to support the branch houses in different Stales. We sell f. o. b cars at Hiidson, with an allow- ance on freight for goods going east of Chicago. Buy your Bee Hives and supplies from us and you will get the goods at first cost. Interstate Mfg. Co., Hudsoq, Wiscoqsiq. THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW 127 O Liipener siicdcKo Every bee-keeper who has had experience with several strains of bees knows that some are far superior to others— that there is scrub stock among bees, just as there are scrub horses, cat- tle, sheep and poultry. Let lue give my own ex- perience. Years ago, while living at Rogersville, I made a specialty of rearing queens for sale. Before engaging in this work I bought Italian queens and Italianized, not only my own bees, but all within three miles of my apiary. In buying those queens I think that I patronized nearly every breeder in the I'nited States; and even in those years of inexperience I was not long in noting the great difference in the differ- ent strains of bees. The (lueens from one par- ticular breeder produced bees that delighted me greatly. They were just plain, dark, three- banded Italians, but as workers I have never seen them equaled. They seemed pos.sessed of a steady, quiet determinati n that enabled them to lay up surplus ahead of the others. Easier bees to handle I have never seen. It sometimes seemed as though they were too busy attending to their own business to bother with anything else. Their honey was capped with a snowy whiteness rivaling that of the blacks. In addition to the.se desirable traits must be added that of wintering well. If any bees came thro\igh the winter it was the colonies of this strain. They came a^ near being ideal bees as any I have posses.sed. .\11 this was twenty years ago: and several times since tjien I have bought queens of this same breeder, and I have always tound this .strain of bees possessed of those same good qualities — in- dusti^-, gentleness, and hardiness. In addition to this they cap their honey as the b acks do theirs. I have frequently corresponded with this breeder, and with those who have bought (jueens of him, and I am thoroughly convinced that he has a strain of bees that are far .superior to the general run of stock. If I were starting an apiar>-, for the production of honey, I should >in- he.sitatingly stock it witli tliis strain of bees. This breeder has always advertised in a mod- est, quiet .sort of way, nothing in proportion to what his stock would have warranted, and I have decided that I can help him, and benefit my readers, at a profit to myself, by ad- vertising these bees in a manner befittingly en- ergetic. The price of these queens will be I1.50 each. This may seem like a high price, but the man who pays it will make dollars where this breed- er and myself make cents; and when you come to read the conditions under which they are sold, it will not seem so high. The queens sent out will all be young queens, just beginning to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicin- ity, it is not likely that any will prove impurely mated. If any queen should prove to be im- purely mated, another will be sent free of charge. Safe arriyal in first-class condition will be guaranteed. Instructions for introducing will be sent to every purchaser, and if these in- structions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all; if, at any time within two years, a purchaser, for any rea,son whatever, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be refunded, and 50 cents extra .sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seen that the purchaser runs no risk whatever. If a queen does not arrive in good condition, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is sent. If she should prove impurly mated, another is sent. If the queen proves a poor lay- er, or the stock does not come up to the expecta- tions, or there is any reason why the bargain is not satisfactory, the queen can be returned and the money will be refunded, and the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. 1 could not niake this last promise if I did not k.xow that the stock is really superior. I said that the price would be $1.50 each. There is only one condition under which a queen will be .sold for a less price, and that is in con- nection witli an advance subscription to the Re- view. Any one who has already paid me, or who will pay me, $1.00 for the Review for 1900, can have a queen for $1. 00. That is, you can have the Review for 1900 (and 12 back numbers) and a queen for $2.00. Of course, all arrearages must be paid up before this offer will hold good. This special offer is made with a view to the getting of new subscribers, and as an inducement to old subscribers to pay up all arrearages and to pay in advance to the end of next year. Of course it is now too early to .send out queens, but thev can be ordered, eitlier alone, or in con- nection with a. subscription to the Review, and the orders will be booked and the queens sent later. W. Z. Hutc'riinson, Flint Mich. 128 THE BEE-KEEPERS» REVIEW A\^oy Irnprovernept? Tbis Yee^r. We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies. The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate- rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle So that it can be worked by the foot. Tb^ Hedcloo Hive. Another valuable adjunct to our manu- facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not hesitate to say that it is the best all round hive ever put upon the market; and we are pleased to state that we have made arrangements withlMr. Heddon to the end that we can supply these hives; and the right to use them goes with the hives. Honey Extrzvctors. Our Honev Extractors are highly orna- mental, better manufactured; and, while the castings aie lighter, they are more durable than heretofore, as they are made of superior material. Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved, being brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land; and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price, only 50 cts. per year. Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres- sive Bee-Keeper. Address LEAHY A\fg. (30., Hi^girjsvillc, t\o.. E2v5t St. L-ouis, r^o. Gontraction hW Page & liyon, i i I of Ihe brood-nest can be made very prufilablc if practiced in the ri^^ht manner, uilli theri>j;ht kind of hives and ;ippbances. in the ri.^dit locaHty and in the rijfln time of the season. The reverse will prove true if mis- t.ikes are made. Vonr locality may be one in which contrac- tion, if rigiitly manaj^ed, would ])ut many dollars into your pocke*. All of these points are fullv explaineil in one of the chapters of Ad\ ancKD Bee Cui/rt'RE. Besides this, the book contains 31 other chapters on equally important subjects. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year 1 and twelve back numbers 1 and the book for only 5i-25. W. Z. HUTCH1N50N, Pilot, A\icb. i i I i k We have a Liarge Stoek, and ean fill Orders Promptly. Send us your orders for hives, extractors, or anything that von want in the bee-keeping line. We make only the be.st. Our Falcon Sections and Weed Process Foundation are ahead of anything, and cost no more than other makes. New catalogue and a copy of The .Vmerican Bee-Keeper free. W. T. Fzvlcoper A^fg. Go., J.A.MKSTOWN, N. Y. I', W. M. Gerrish, East Not- inghani, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalogue ])rices. IVIfg. Co. f4eca Liondon, Wis. Nearness to pine and bass- wood forests, the possession of a saw - mill and factory fully equiped with the best of ma- chinerj', and years of expe- rience, all combine to en- able this firm to furnish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices on a full line of supplies. l^o pish-Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the Van Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This style of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a fety thin base, with the suqilus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wa.K to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcel)' be distinguished from that built wholly by the bees. Being so thin, one pound will fill a large number of sections. All the Tiouble of wiring bro'ul frames can be avoided by using the Van Deusen wired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. j. van deusen, Sprout Brook, N. Y. ^==:5: ISO THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Golden Italian, 3 - Banded Italian, and Holy lands. We have secured our stock from the best breeders of the U. S., and now we are able to offer the best strains of the best races in America. Queen Rearing is our specialty; we have been at it for years, and this depart- ment is tinder the immediate supervis- ion of our Mr. H. H. Hyde. We want the address of every bee-keeper for our queen circular which gives prices and methods of queen rearing, honey production, prevention of swarming etc. Prices, either race: — Untested June, July, Aug. and Sept. 75 cts. ; 6 for $4.25. All other months, |i.oo; 6 for $5.00. Tested, June, July, Aug. and Sept., $1.25; 6 for J6.75. All other months, |i.5io; 6 for $8.00. Discounts for quantities. Select tested and breeding queens a specialty . ji O. p. HYD^ & SON, 1^ i-oo-tf Hutto, Texas. %^' '^i^: %^: % ^- ■% ^f Vf,^ ,#"%,#■■'% #' %, w '%, w ■% # % #■ \ M m mm m This is the oinginal one - piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, $i.S8; 1,000 for $3.25; 3,000 for $8.90; 5,000 for I13.00; 10,000 for I22.60. No. 2 sections are not made to order, but when in stock are sold at |i.8o per M. /. FORNCROOK, ^y Watertown, Wisconsin. »'W^*g:^ Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies/ of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest ever made; and he sells it at prices that defy coixpetition! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered ere. Millions o f Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and be your own judge. AUG. WEISS, Hortonville, Wisconsin •'Z \# V %* V >/ V V V V V */ m #\ m w%,m w% w% w% /■* #/ If the m Is mentioned when answering an advertisement in its columns a favor is conferred upon both the publishei and the advertis- er. It helps the fo.-mer by rais- ing his journal in the estima- tion of the advertiser: and it en- ables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profitable. If you would help the Review, be sure and say " I saw your advertisement in the Review," when writing to advertisers. mg ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ i ^> such, send them back and get your money. W. H. Laws— Dear Sir : The bees from your queens are the best honey gatherers I ever saw, and they certainly are beautiful. H. C. Triesch, Alma, Ark. W. H. Laws— i S3 Dear Sir : I wouldn't take S3 ^♦"^ a horse for the queen I got of 3'ou. o inlo W. A. Jones, Bedford, Ark. i 8j3 !=^' 9 ROUHi) ROCK, 7€XJ\b. as i .:^^®;2£'aiSScS>J2£'SS23sS6c^^'Ssass5Ss? lijt 132 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. The bees will soon be right in it. Prospects are bright for a good honey yield. If you have not al- ready supplied yourself with hr\'es, sections, etc., send for 40 -page catalogue, free. We have the A. I. Root Co.'s goods by the carload. Can make prompt shipments at factory prices. Italian queens, i, 2, and 3-frame nuclei at low prices. JOHN NBBBL & SON, High Hill, Mo. I have several hand red QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C W. CoBtellow. and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson. Flint, Mich. ^ yHere we are to the Front for iQOO with the new Champion Chaff - Hive, a comfortable home for the bees in summer and winter. We al- so carry a complete line of other supplies. Catalog free. R. H. SCHMIDT & CO. , 9-99- tf. ' Sheboygan, Wis. — If you wish the best, low-priced — TYPE - WRITER. Wrile to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell. taken in payment for advertising, and he wonhi be pleased to send descriptive circnlHrs or lo correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. JOHN F, STRATTON'S CtLhBRATED BirminghamSteelStrinr, ^^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin. Banjo •^CTwV^ Finest Made. Extra Tlated. riASB Mi"." Warranted not to rust. Send for Catlg JOHN F. STRATTON, lmp»rter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 611. 810. 815, 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mention the Reuieto. 1900 Queens 1900 For Business— Queens for Strong Colonies — Queens for large RurpluB. Competion in Quality, but not in price. If you want queens, nuclei or supplies at b'>tto 11 prices, soul for my illustrated price list. 12-97-tr /. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga. ntlon the Reuieuj. — If you are troiner to— BUY A BlJ^Z-SAW^, write to the editor of the Kevikw. He has a new Barnes saw to sell antf would be glad to make you haopy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. THE A. L ROOT CO., JO VINE ST.. PHILADEL.RHIA, PA BEE - SUPPLIES. Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doints. We want to save you. freight. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Dor\e at the Review. THE BEB-KEEPERS' REVIEW 133 strain "'Italians. Ifyouwiiit to secure a large crop of honey, if yi>n xvM'.it snowy wrjile comb honey that will bring the liigliest ni ukei jirice. if you' want bses that are excellent re i-cl)ver workers, bees that are gentle to handle and hardy, in sliort, if you wint bees for business. sto:k your api iry with MDre's strain of Italians Tltey are the result of 21 years of careful breeding, liy selecting the best h >ney-g ithering stock each season from which to rear riueens, and crossing them, as far as p jss'ble, with drones not akin. If you could step into my office, and read the stacks of letters from pleised cusiomers, \vho count their colonies by the hundred, and pro- d'lce honev by the carload. I think that you, too. would soon be numbered as one of my customers. Prof. T. M.Barton, of Butler, Ky., one of our most popular citizens, visited me last Feb'y. and perused many letters from my customers. The following is what he had to say in The Pbndlk- TONi.XN, of M'ch 8. 1950. our county paper pub- lished at Falmouth. Ky • — •'It was my good fortune on Sunday to dine with my friend. J. P. Moore, of Mor.gan, Ky. Few of our people .seem to know that this quiet, unassuming gentleman, of Southern Pendleton, is known all over Xorth .\nierica as one of the m 1-it skillful and successful queen-rearers to be fo md anywhere Mr. M lore has patiently and skillfully libjred for 20 y^ars to improve his •< -es, and the results are m irvelous. The in- di-i'.ry. the prolifi;ness. and the gentleness, of his b:res are the admiration of all who have tried i.i:;m. Mr M >ore's testimonials come from all pDinls of the compass, and from men who sell h >iiev bv the car-loid. Fellow bee-keepers, g;t a few qu=ens fro n Mr. Moore, and put new life into vour apiaries, and yon will thank the editor and me for this notice. I am glad to say thit Mr. Moore is also a good Christian gentle- tmn. and will pit cons-ienceand good will into all h's buiiness transactions." F. ank Benton, of W'ashiug'on, D. C, whose na'Ue is familiar to all progressive apiarists, writes me, Feh'y. 20. igoo. as follows: — "I have several tim:?s. in the course of corres- pondence, and in conversing with bee-keepers, hid ocrasio'i to answer the question: 'Wliere can the best Italians be g>t'' It is perhaps not an easy thing to siy. with certainty, but. at least, I have felt I might be able to tell where c; lODones could be obtained. A number have been refer- re 1 to you, for. althong'.i I have not tested your stork personally, I thought I knew pretty well, from general reputation, its ch.iracter. A bee- keeper near here— Mr. (ieo. A. I.anphear, of Vienna, Va. — who got some queens of you on my recommendition. is so well pleased with them -in fact, gives vmir beessnch a good recom- mendation to me for gentleness and working qualities, particularly their working on red- clover, that I thought' I would like to try some myself." i.,ast fall, I received a letter from J. K. Crane, of Middleburj'. Vt.. stating that some of his friends, who hid tried my stock, recommended it very highly. I wrote Mr. Crane retpiesting him to give iiie the names of his fri nds who had so kindly recommended my stock, and, in reply, he said: — •Mr. I, O Thompson, of Weybridge, Vt. has received queens of you that he prizes very high- ly. Indeed, I believe he considers them the best he has received, from any breeder, for the pro- duction of honey. •' I was not aw.ire that Mr. Thompson was so well pleased, until I received the above letter; so I wrote him, at once, thanking him for his kind- ness in recommending my stock; and here is wlnt Hv: says: — "Tliey are excellent honej'-gatherers, nice to handle, sticking to their combs when handling them, not given to tjunching up and roaming. This has been the worst season ever known in Vermont, and when I looked the bees over for winter, your bees had three times as much honey as the blacks, and other strains. Your bees are not given to swarming; and that is one reason why I like them. I think they are as hardy as any bees I ever had. They .seem to stand our severe winters splendidly. We went into winter quarters with s5o colonies." Chas. Cx. Kinzel. Caswells Sta., Tenn., on Dec. 29. iSgg writes thus: — •'I have just been looking over sevei'al copies of (Meanings. Among them, I recall an article from D. B. Lynch, Watertown, .S. Dak., ( .See page 888, Gleanings. 1S99) who speaks in very High terms of a queen purchased from you: I cati testify to the truthfulness of that article. You will remember the nucleus I took from your house. Aug. 25,, which contained a .select, tested queen. Arriving at home, I transferred them to an 8-frame, Dovetailed hive-body, adding another frame of comb containing about 2 lbs. of honey. Tlie next day I added to them a small colony of black bees— less than a quart. I then gave them 4 more frames about half filled out with comb, but no honey. They began to get a hustle on themselves, although there wasn't much for them to work on until the aster should bloom a few weeks later. When that did commence to bloom, the hive was chock full of bees; and you ought to have seen them work. They soon completed those 4 unfinished combs. In fact, the hive was overfl jwing with bees and lull of honey; so I placed another story on top containing four em- pty combs. When I went to pack them for win- ter, these 4 combs were also full of honey. So I received from that nucleus, this fall, 22 lbs. of surplus honey, besides leaving fully 40 or .so lbs. forthem to vvint ron." Everybody knows the .\. I. Root Co., of Medina, O. On Dec. 8. 1899. I wrote them thanking them for their kindness in publishing the article by Mr. l,ynch, referred to above, and here is their reply: — "Your kind letter of Dec. 8 is at hand. Accept thanks for your kindly appreciation of our hum- ble efforts in your behalf. It is not always that our endeavors to plea.se are appreciated in this way. It IS true that I have referred often to the high quality of your queens, particularly, as you have been carrying out my idea of breeeding for honey as well as for some other good qualities," Yours very truly, The A. I. Root Co., Per E. R. Root. Prices for igoo. Warranted queens, in June, Ji.oo each; 6 for JS od; 12 for <9 05. Select warranted ?i.25 each; 6 for j6.oo; 12 for >i 1.00. All reared by Doolittle's method. Safe arrival and .satisfaction guaran- teed. Circular de.scribing each grade of queens sent free to all applicants. /. P. MOORED, Morgan, Kentucky. 134 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW ^^M^F^F»Pi^^nin^*^^iinw^iP)^ri,p^WtJ'iK.^'^M.^n,*^*.tm.^Ktm^m^m^*i*.^m^M.^Ka*^*^^^^»*^*.^i^f»^*F^t»«^****** »^w'k^^»»^u»)t»»^«^*»**ir» ^^ni^*^^'*^!'*^^^*^****** W"*^**^ THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW: 135 Violin for Sale. 1 am advertisiiij: fi)r the well known manu- fHCturtTS of nuiHical iiistruineuts, Jno. F. StiMttoiiA 80U, of Ni'w York, and takinj; my pay in muaicHl luorchaiuliHe. I have now on Iiaiul a fiuo violin outfit consistinB of violiHj bow and caHO. Tlie violin in a " StradiuariuB. '" Ued, French finish. liiKh ixiHhIi, and real ebony trimminns, price $14.00. Tlie bow is of the fin- ewt wimkewooii, ebony froj;, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined nlide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, (ierman silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end. jirice $2.50 The case is wood with curved top. varnished, full-line» same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter h.is been usinR the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and t'-achers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost sevt-ral times as much. 1 wish to sell this on fit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial. an,f to one M. J. Carbo. He tried all the metliods in use in this country for the eradication of the disease but failed in eve'-y instance. In one of his concluding sentences, he says; "I don't believe there is a single individual in the United States to-day; who can cure foul brood here (in Cuba) by drugs or starvation." With such reports as these coming in, we American bee-kee^jers are not going to Cuba so fast as we were; and the ques- tion of Cuban honey competition is not so important as it was; but here is a question of importance : If it is true, as stated, that foul brood of a very malignant type is so generally prevalent in Cuba, is it right to allow honey from thai island to come into the I'liited Slates at all, while such a stale of affairs exists, and while we are doing what we can to eradicate the disease, possibly in a milder form, from our own country ? It seems to me it would be best for all concerned to ex- clude it, yes, belter for the Cubans them- selves, because, it may turn out that the best and cheapest way in which to get rid of the disease in Cuba is lo burn up every thing that could possibly retain the in- fection, and start new with slocks import- ed from healthy districts in the United States. Therefore, if Cuba is to look to us for healthy bees with which to restock her apiaries, she does not want to do any thing to impair our chances of being able to furnish such stock. Turning from Cuba lo our own country, one would be led, from reading the re- ports of conventions in certain places, to conclude that the absence of foul brood in an apiary is the exception in that coun- try. I, for one, would not like to see any honey from those parts brought into the district where I am keeping bees. But it would not do to say anything about ex- cluding Western honey, or there would be a big kick. There are large districts in Wisconsin where foul brood has never been known and our efficient inspector reports uniform success in curing up dis- eased apiaries. What we want are uniform laws in all the States for the suppression of foul brood, and, especially, laws en- acted to prevent the sale and transporta- tion of bees or honey from hives that are known to be infected. I said "hives" but would it do to say "apiaries ?' ' In this matter of fighting foul brood, and its new- ly named relative, black brood, preven- tion should receive attention as well as cure; and the individual bee-keeper who has diseased bees should sacrifice some present benefit to the general future good. If he is not willing to do this, it may ap- pear in the future that he should be com- pelled to do so. We all know that there is danger of spreading the disease if hon- ey from infected apiaries is shipped to another locality. During the summer months a barrel of such honey left on a freight platform for ten minutes might be the means of spreading disease in a new district and cause an endless amount of loss and trouble. But enough of this for the present. I think J. H. Martin in the Review, has placed the tall section question in just the right light. I never intended to op- pose tall sections as such, but I am op- posed to such extravagant claims as have been put forth for them as to the yield of honey and their readier sale. If there is an advantage in a taller section why not make it 4 '4 by 5 inches as suggested by Mr. Shrader in Gleanings of Feb'y. 15th, then all our old supers could be used by nailing on a rim to make them enough deeper. If such a section were no more than i>2 inches wide and used with fen- ces, it would ordinarily hold a great full pound, and would, I think, be a success; 140 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. but the little narrow thing known as the "ideal" is too small; it does not hold a pound of honey. The smaller we make the section the more we increase the labor and expense of production, and in the end there will be no increase of price to compensate us. Browntown, Wis. Feb. 23, 1900. OME POINTS IN HANDLING HONEY, AS LOOKED AT BY A DEALER. BY M. H. MAN- DELBAUM. In the December issue of the Review I gave an article that caused some discus- sion, which was not to my sur- prise, as I expect- ed some offense would be taken. The principal points, on which explanation is de- sired, are the question of our selling comb hon- ey as white clover, regardless of what its source may be. In offering our trade, we are not going to the trouble of classify- ing the white honey any more than we will the amber. As to placing the shipper's name and address on a case, I repeat the argument that his name should be on the package, so that if any complaint is make to us we will know whose honey it was. The shipper's address should no/ be on the package; for it is no one's business where the honey comes from; but is a subject only for the jobber who is experienced as to the product. If any shipper wants to advertise his honey, it is his privilege to do so; but when he sells to a wholesaler, he must be satisfied to allow the whole- saler to do his own advertising. Then, again, some customers object to honey from certain localities, and we do not in- tend to be hampered with the address on the package; and will take care of that part of the business ourselves. As to saying there was a moth in the Colorado honey, I am willing to rectify to the extent of saying that some comb honey showed where an insect had been on the conilj, by partiall}- destroying some of the comb and leaving a web. Wheth- er or not this was a moth I cannot say, as I have never been in an apiary, and iising that term only came from hearsay. Chicago, Ills., April 19, 1900. ^ pC^HE PRICES ON HIVES ARE TOO HIGH. BY H. M. JAMESON. I desire to say something pertaining to the very high prices on hives fixed for 1900 by the supply dealers. Some months since a sul)scriber to the San Francisco Examiner asked the editor if a man could make a living with 100 colo- nies of bees; if he understood their habits and needs. Answer: "No, the manufac- turers and supply dealers get all the pro- fits." . The manufacturers claim to day that there is a very small margin of profit on their output, especially on hives, it being only possible, on a cash basis, to live at these prices, owing to the high price of lumber; also that the output must be on an extensive scale. We will see how much there there is in such stateinents. I^HE BES"^ SIZE OF FRAME FOR QUEEN REARING. BY W. H. LAWS. The greatest expense in the rearing of queens is that of bees for the forming of nuclei. If it were possible to mate our virgin queens without placing them in nuclei, or hives of bees, we would accomplish that which would cheapen prices and revolutionize the queen trade. This, however, will prob- ably never be done; and so long as the world stands, queen bees will be success- fully mated only by flying from a hive of bees. So we queen breeders, of a neces- sity, have to face this evil of tearing up our good strong colonies of bees and forming them into nuclei from which to mate our queens. To make a number of nuclei, from the L size of frame, sufTicient for the average queen breeder, entails the almost total destruction of a large apiary; and thereby relieves us from all further anxiety and trouble concerning the har- vesting of a crop of honey that season. Then it occurs to us that if those col- onies had remained intact, possibly the crop of honey when sold might have equaled the amount received from sale of queens; to .say nothing of the skill and labor necessary to successful queen rear- ing. To overcome this difficulty, queen breeders have sought to use a smaller frame, but pretty generally, after a dis- gusting trial, fall back to the standard frame; having to learn by experience that nuclei cannot be maintained without full colonies on the same size of frame from which to back them up with honey or brood as they may need. The writer, having tested every size of frame, from the pound section up, feels free to speak. The smaller the frame the less satisfac- tory the results; but much better results can be secured with a smaller frame than one of the L size. As an experiment, a number of bees from box hives were transferred into little frames, three of which just fitted snugly into an L frame and occupied the standard hive until time for nuclei making. Two hundred and fifty nuclei were formed from these little frames, but, as they had clo.sed ends, they did not work well in full colonies, and at the end of the second season were abandoned. As a final effort, another plan was tried which worked so well that its use has been permanently adopted in my queen rearing and mating yards. A square frame for nuclei is by all odds the best. A long, shallow frame, such as the L size is out of proportion; and soon only one end or the other will be occupied by the bees. After seeing so many of this size in use, where the bees with brood are in one end of the frame, and perhaps honey in the other, it seemed a pity that those combs could not be hinged, or cut in two, which would allow us to swing the honey end around against the brood. .Acting on this idea, in the year 1S93, forty colonies in two-story L hives, on 16 frames, were brought in from an out- yard, the upper stories being preity well filled with honey. The intention was 146 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. that every one of these coml)s should be halved perpendicularly, and a top bar nailed to the raw edge of each piece. The same was accordingly done, as follows: After forty two-story hives had been pre- pared, made especially to hold these square, half-size hanging frames cross- wise, the bees were all shaken from the combs of hive No. i, the combs carried into the honey-house, each frame had its projecting ends of the top-bar sawed off, then laid flat on a bench, and, with a board measure of proper size laid directly on the comb, the saw was made to cut square across the center, through wood, comb, brood, honey and all. Top-bars were then nailed on as before indicated, all hung in the hives, which now held 13 of these frames in each story, and re- turned to the bees. Each of the forty colonies were thus treated, and at the proper time these colonies w-ere made into nuclei by taking two frames (one of bees and brood and one of hone}^ and bees) and placing the same in little hives specially prepared for holding two of these nuclei. Of course, there was some destruction of brood, but with plenty of honey, the loss was soon repaired, and the bees adapted themselves to the change immediately, as might have been ex- pected, and now we have an ideal frame for queen rearing. After a good many years' use of this size of frame in full colonies, in connec- tion with the standard frame. I find it handles well for almost all purposes, as well as filling the bill for making good nucleus colonies with fewer bees than by any other method or size of frame. .After a thorough trial I was convinced that the proper thing had been found. Hives were made, swarms were hived, and whole apiaries have been kept on this size of frame made especially for queen rearing. They can be used two, three, or four stories high, when necessar}-, honey extracted, and there is nothing nicer than several hundred of these full combs carried over, one for each nucleus the following season. In this way I have formed twenty-four nucleus colonies from one hive of bees in one season. One lesson learned, worth remember- ing, is that no queen rearing frame, or nucleus, or method, can be a success with- out bees in full colonies on the same size of frame as that used in the nucleus, pro- vided they are to be used the entire season for queen rearing. My nucleus boxes have room for five frames each, and I havcr known a two-frame nucleus to build three additional combs, and store enough honey for their winter's supply. After the season for queen rearing is past, the nuclei can be all united into full colonies, and can be used again the fol- lowing season. Round Rock, Texas, March 19, 1900. rn<^>s:^k^ OMMERCIAL OUEEN REAR- ING IN ALL OF ITS DE- TAILS. BY W. H. PRID- GEN. ( The Prize Article. 1 \'erv few queen breeders now allow the bees to construct their own queen-cells. The cells are dipped, and fastened in .some way to a stick ^ -^ ^jj^l ^jjgjj supplied with just hatched larvie. If only a few cell cups are needed they may be dipped by using ^.^^^^ a single dipping- ^^^^Mr^^^^l a I^^^^HI^^^^^H slow work where there are many cells to be dipped. The dipping- stick .should be not larger than five-six- teenths of an inch in diameter. The tapering part should be five-sixteenths of an inch long; reduced rapidly the first one-eighth of an inch, and then gradually reduced to the end. It should slip into a worker cell one-eighth of an inch before THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 147 148 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW filling the mouth of the cell, and form a sink in the wax cap that will bear suffi- cient pressure to make the cocoon fit snugly without touching the bottom. The accompanying illustration shows my first plan for dipping a large number of cups at one time, and attaching them to slats by means of melted wax; but the time has arrived when cell-cups will be on the market, and we need a bar to which they can be attached without melted wax. One, a half inch square, to fit between the end bars of a brood-frame, with eigh- teen five-sixteenths of an inch holes bored nearh' through, and five-eighths of an inch from center to center, furnishes just such a bar. Only one round nail should be used at each end when fastening it in the frame, so that the holes can be turned out for the cups to be inserted and the larvae transferred, with the frame lying on its side. The bars should be immersed in hot wax before put in use, and if the larvae only is transferred the cups should first be slightly pressed into the holes with a peg that fits the bottom: but if the cocoons be transferred with the larvae, it is only necessary to set them over the holes, and the slight pressure necessary to make the transfer will also tighten the cups. The bar should be put across the center of the frame, and the space above it, ex- cept a bee space immediately above it, be filled with a thin board nailed in. There will ie'no neces.sity of ever taking the bar out of the frame; as, if provded with wire loops, the nursery ( see page 152 ) can be slipped over the cells in less time than it takes to count them, and the queens removed as they emerge; or the cells can be detached and used in the usual way, by simply running a knife between them down to the bar, and pry- ing them off. To dip cell-cups that are smooth inside, the first dip Uiust be full-depth, and the others varied according to the tempera- ture of the room and wax. Usually the second dip should only be half way up, and then the third one will finish it, un- less the wax is too hot, and should be nearly full depth. The use of the new cell-bar will sim- plify the dip])ing of cups wonderfully; as any number of the forming sticks can be made fast in a board, in rows of suitable distance to admit of conveniently remov- ing the cups, or the sticks can be made fast in the bars, as teeth in a rake, in- stead of loose as shown on page 147, and a number of these sets can be fitted into a frame and all dipped at once, b}' having blocks of varying thicknesses or some other arrangement, to be adjusted while the wax is cooling, after making a dip, for the frame or board to come down on, to change the depths of the different dips. It is not necessary to make the base of the cups heavy, as is the case when they are to be stuck on slats with wax, and the sticks need not be varied from a per- pendicular position, but simply give a little jerk to dislodge the drops as soon as they form on the points, to prevent having long necks to the cups. The latest machine dips them by tiirn- iiig a crank, and the pins have two motions. They go around, like the spokes in a wheel, and they whirl, or slowly revolve, as they go around, which keeps the wax spread evenly around un- til it sets, which prevents the long points that are so bothersome when dipped by hand The wax must be the right tem- perature and the dipping done by a steady, slow movement. If moved too fast the wax will be forced up too high on the pins, and make the cups with a long side and a short one. Although they are turning while in the wax, they will not turn entirely around while at the deepest point. The pins are arranged on the circum- ference of a wheel but not put on entirely around the wheel, and after all are dip- ped, and the point reache;l where no pins touch the wax, all is suddenly raised suf- ficiently for them to miss the wax, and another revolution given without stop- ping the wheel, followed by a pause for I A THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 149 cups to cool, and then repeated until the cups are sufficiently heavy. Then the wheel is carried over to the water trough and the cups removed. If the weather is cool, the water should be kept at a tem- perature of about 100° Fahr. , to make the cups slip off easily. The machine automatically varies the depth of dip by means of a plate with a thick side and thin one, that is moved around one notch every time the point is reached where no pegs touch the wax. Over this is arranged a piece of hoop iron that moves up and down, on which the thumb screws rest that are used for ad- justing the machine to the quantity of wax, and for lowering it as the wax is used up. .-Vs ((ueen breeders generally will not consider such a machine practical for making cups for their own use, as more simple arrangements can be used for se- curing satisfactory cups in a wholesale way, I will not go into all of the particu- lars, but will add for the benefit of those who want to make them for sale, that the pins should have sharp shoulders the right distance from the points to give the cups the desired depth, which will trim each cup to a uniform depth, and remove the feather edge so liable to be broken off in handling. It should be a square cut in, and the cup made on the head or larger portion. The cells made on pointed sticks are just right for use when the transfer is made liy using the cocoon and there is nothing to do when they are placed over the holes but make the trans- fer and they will be fastened in the bar at the same lime. If larvie only are to be transferred, a peg the same size and shape of the transfer slick, except the end should be round and smooth instead of concave, can be u.sed for pressing the cups in the bar, which will stretch them and make them the right shape inside. No attempt should ever be made to fasten them in unless they are soft enough to mash up without cracking. Inasmuch as the bees more lavishly supply larval food to royal larva; than to worker for the first three days, and all agree that the resulting queens are no worse for it, while the e.xperience of many verifies the fact that they are bet- ter, I prefer a plan of transferring where- by newly hatched larvae can be used. This is done by supplying the creeder with combs so old that the bottoms of the cells have lost their hexagonal shape, and are thick and dark. A piece of such comb may be shaved down with a keen- edged, slightly heated knife, so as to cut it smooth, within "s of an inch of the bottom of the cells; and, by bending it back and forth, the cocoons will drop from it, unless it has been sufficientl}' exposed to moisture to mould. It will be found that all do not work alike; some seem to be glued in,' while others almost fall out, with all degrees between, but usually thej' can be transferred by taking them up on the transfer-stick, here- with shown, which is sufficient- ly rounding at the points to slip into them without bruising them; although they may be stretched a little thereby, which should be the case. The end has a funnel shaped cavity in it that fits over an egg, or small larva, and takes the cocoon up, fitting like a gun cap on the tube, which by a slight press- ure and little twi.st, is trans- ferred to the cup. It is more satisfactory when the comb is old enough so that the outside of the cocoon is black and glossy, and any ad- hering thin tissues that are liable to come above the edge of it in the cup can be rubbed from it while it is on the stick. Whenever only a transparent tissue is taken up it is useless to insert it into the cup, as it has not the stability to preserve its form while the transfer is being made. Whenever they loosen up by simply beading the comb back and forth i5o THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. there is nothing to do but insert the transfer-stick and take them up; but, with other pieces of comb, it may be necessarj' to shghtly work the stick back and forth as though it is to be shoved or pulled out sidewise before it will adhere. After one has been stretched too much to fit the stick it cannot be taken up. Slight- ly waxing the end of the stick may help in obstinate cases. I prefer using larvae too small to be seen, that are surrounded by clear or slightlv milky food; but those larger than the head of a brass pin can be trans- ferred. When only a small wet spot can be seen in the bottom of the cell the larva will be accepted all right bj' queenless bees; and one can rely upon being on the right side as to age, as well as certain of the fact that it has been amply fed up to the time of the transfer; especially so if the comb be given to bees anxious for larv'te to feed a few hours before. The same comb will usually supply larvze for three or four days if kept in the breeder's hive as long; and by return- ing the combs to the breeder after the brood is sealed, there will nearly always be one from which the bees are hatching solidly, which will be filled with eggs just as fast as the bees in the breeder's hive feel the need of brood to feed. In this way only one set of combs need be cut. Some report better success when trans- ferring larvie only -f no royal jelly be first put into the cups, as the bees begin to feed them as soon as they are transferred. It certainly should be floating in the milky food before it is transferred; and at times when it is sticking to the bot- toms of the cells with only enough around it to keep it living, good queens need not be expected if such be used. Then it is that the comb from which it is to be used should be given to bees without brood at least twenty-four hours in ad- vance. The majority will be more successful n having cups accepted, and attain bet- ter results, if they first be given to bees deprived of both queen and all unsealed brood from six to twelve hours previousl}-. Nursing begins the instant they are given, if the bees be long enough queen- less to receive them, which is of vital im- portance, as the larvse once neglected are slow in development and result in dwarfed queens. In preparing bees to start cells, it hastens matters wonderfully if they be shaken from the combs, whether it be from the corribs of one hive on to those of another, or right into the same hive. When they are thus disturbed they be- gin to search for the queen immediately, realizing, I suppose, that she is liable to an accident under such treatment, and they act very much like a swarm when the queen is missed. If shaken from the combs .of a normal colony on to combs minus brood, from three to six hours is ample time and sometimes the cups have to be given • sooner to quiet them. At the time the greatest distress is shown is when they will accept the greatest number, and the chances for the best results lessen as they reconcile themselves to their condition. If one is making a business of queen rearing he should keep a colony at work as cell starters. Fill a body with combs of brood and place it over the colony se- lected, with an excluder between. Twelve days later place this body on a bottom - board, minus the most of the board, with wire-cloth tacked on as a ventilator; stop the entrance so that no bees can escape; shake the bees from the combs and ex- amine them for cells, removing any that are found. Substitute a comb one-fourth full of water, for one in the hive, or pour a little water into one, as they will consume quite a bit when thus shut up, and re- move as many more as there are batches of cells wanted, to make places between other combs to receive them. The bees will cluster in the spaces thus formed, and the cups can be inserted be- tHE BEB-KEEPERS* REVIEW 151 fore many bees escape, which they are anxious to do. Re^tjardless of the kind of hive used, there shoidd be a cloth over the frames before putting on tlie top, so that it can be genth' rolled back and the bees smok- ed, until the spaces are reached, to avoid their escape. The greatest number of cups I have ever given was thirly-six, and have had as many accepted. Usually I prepare the bees about 9:00 o'clock, a. m., give them the cups at i :oo to 3:00 o'clock, p. m., and wait until the next morning to remove them. Mr. \V. S. Pender of Australia, allows queenless bees to work on one batch two or three hours, and then gives another, and so on, but, as I know they will ac- cept as many as two batches all right, late in the evening they and adhering bees can be given to cell builders, and the bal- ance setback over the excluder, ready for the same operation the next day, or when- ever desired. At this date (April 4) I am unable to experiment and ascertain how short a time the allowing of the cups with the cell starters will suffice, but, of course, Mr. Pender knows. When this stage is reached another body should be filled with combs of brood and placed over the excluder, and the one just used for the cell starters put on it when it is returned. Then, when the top one is set oflF to prepare the bees for accepting cups, some can be shaken from two or three combs of the one im- mediateh- below it, which will be suf- ficient to start the excitement. In ten or twelve more days, all of the bees will have emerged from the top set of combs, and all the brood in the second set given will have been sealed, so that the first set can be disposed of, another set with brood prepared, and the second set come into use in having cups accepted. At these intervals the giving of brood and removing of combs can be kept up during the season, and the bees worked as descriVied daily, or nearly so. Every time a new set is given those previously given should be examined for cells, and the cells removed. The brood given keeps up a strong force, although some bees are removed each day with the cups to the cell build- ers. When no honey is being stored the colony should be daily fed a sufficient quantity of syrup to fill the combs as the brood hatches out. The main point to keep in view is, that whether bees are confined, or made broodless and queenless on their stand with liberty to fly, they will accept cups in a few hours after the queen and all unsealed brood are taken from them. In preparing a hive to have cells built above an excluder, with a laying queen below, the excluder should be nailed to the top body, and have a bee-space be- tvveen that and the frames above and be- low. If the hive is wide enough to take ten frames and a division board, a tight fitting board can be tacked in the center, to the excluder, and form two apart- ments, holding five combs each, thereby doubling the capacity of the colony for cell building, without ever taxing it to feed more than the usual number at any one time, by giving a batch of accepted eups in the center of one apartment, be- tween two combs of either sealed or un- sealed brood, and as soon as they are sealed, say five days later, place another in the other. This gets it into working order, and one batch can be removed and another given every five days. Whenever cells are built by queenless bees, if nuclei are to be formed, a sufiici- ent number of combs of brood and the adhering bees should be placed under them as soon as they are sealed, to fur- nish at least one comb for each cell. Just before the time of hatching, the cells should have a nursery slipped over them, and then the nuclei can be formed and (lueens given as fast as they hatch; or, say twice a day, as all will not hatch at once. No doubt it is better to form the nuclei late in the evening, so that the bees will become accustomed to their changed conditions before they can fly. fHB BEK-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Another lot of combs, bees and cells can at once be placed on the same stand to catch the returning bees, and worked in a like manner, to be again and again repeated if necessar}', but, of course, in the latter case, care should be exercised in selecting all sealed and hatching brood. allowing the queens to hatch out in a nursery hereinbefore stated, all is readv to form nuclei, without having unsealed brood in the combs to starve as is often the case when drawn from normal col- onies; besides, bees thus treated will re- main in the nuclei better than those THE bEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 153 .\fter ascertaining how to have virgins or cells accepted, that is, to bring about the conditions necessary uni!si(leral)le atlenlion. 1 nienlion tliis as it seems lo be one of those iiuhis- tries tint may I)e coml)ined with bee- keeping. Prof. Cook has an article on t'lis subject in the last .\mericau Bee Journal. I may co])y it in some future i-.sue. TlK-se animals are valuable both for Lheir fur and iheir meat. .-Vt present t'le deuiind for them for breeding pur- p jses is so great that it takes nearly all of t.ie first-class stuck that i-^ reared. This c )!idilion of things is likely to last until the countr}- is well slocked, ami those who go into the lousiness at once will be likely to make tlie most mone\'. A rab- bitry is being built within three blocks of this office, and the very best of stock has been purcha.sed; J5i50.oo being paid for one animal alone. HONEY-OUOT.\TIONS. At the Philadelphia convention last fall the matter of honey- quotations re- ceived quite a little discussion, and it was evident that the exact meaning of the quotations was not correctly understood. Some thought that the prices given were those that would be remitted to the ship- per. Others believed that from these prices must come freight, cartage and commission. Others thought that the prices were those at which the grocers retailed the honey, and that the com- mission men sold it at a lower figure. I will not attempt to give all of the differ ent views that were expressed. To settle the matter, I wrote all of the dealers who give quotations in the Review, and the gist of the replies is given just above the quotations in the market column, and will remain there all of the titne, that no one may forget. »^»»»^*»*«*« RIGHT .\GE OF BEES TO .\CCOMP.\NV QUEENS IX SHIPMENT. Mr. G. M. Doolittle, who has quite a faculty of finding out useful and helpful things, tells the readers of the American Bee Journal that one cause of loss in ship- ping queens is that bees of the right age are not chosen for an e.scort to the queen. Too old bees, or those so ^-oung that they h.ive never flown anil emptied their in- testines, are not suitable. They ought to be voung bees that have taken at least one flight. To decide which are the bees of the right age we have only to open the hive carefully, and then select those that have their heads thrust into the cells, drinking honey. Unless we are very rough, and use too much smoke, the old bees will not do this; neither will the very young bees. Fortunately, this is an easy way to determine which are the bees of the best age; and, fortunately, too, such bees are in the correct position for being picked up very easily. BEES .\ND HORTICULTURE. One of the good things for which we have to thank Hugene Secor, the efficient manager of the National Bee-Keepers" -Association, is the getting out of a pam- phlet entitled "Bees and Horticulture: Their Relations Mutual." The sub-head describes the pamphlet in a few words. It reads as follows: "The purposes of this pamphlet is to put into condensed form, for the use of bee-keepers and fruit growers, such information as is at hand, derived from experience and recent investigations, relating to the economy of nature in plant and insect life, and to show their mutual independence." This THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 157 little pamphlet is furnished free upon ap- plication. If you have a neighbor fruit grower who is opposed to your keepin^r bees, or one who persists in spraying his trees while in full bloom, to his own det- riment and yours, see to it that a copy of this little pamphlet is placed in his hands. »'» 't^M^^^tj^ RELEASING QUERNS AT NIGHT. Mr. S. A. Dyke, of Waldo. W. Va., writes me of the excellent success that he has had in releasing queens at night, when trying to introduce them. He has a cage so arranged that when the slide is withdrawn the opening to the cage is still covered with paper that is saturated with hone}'. The slide is withdrawn at .sundown. By the time that the slip of paper is eaten out it is night, and all is quiet. One advantage of releasing a queen in this way, instead of watching her as she leaves the cage, is that there is no danger of her flying away. I once liberated ten queens just at dusk, when it was so dark that a lamp was needed. They had been kept away from the bees and allowed no food for half an hour. This was according to some instructions given by some foreigner — I think it was Mr. Simmins. The whole ten queens were accepted — perhaps they might have been anywaj*. Whether releasing them at night had anything to do with their acceptance is hard to .say. Leaving them without food for half an hour makes them hungry, and they are in a mood to accept any food that is offered them by the workers, which is one factor in their favor. »»»^*»»»»^»» THE HAKES -HEDDON ADULTERA- TION CASE. Last winter Mr. M. G. Hakes of Jack- son, Mich., was fined 52500 for selling adulterated honey. The honey was bought of Mr. James Heddon of Dowagiac, Mich. Mr. Hakes asserts that he did not know that it was adulterated. Mr. Hakes also bought some honey of me that I had pur- chased of the A. L Root Co. After he had placed it on the market, Mr. W. D. Soper bought a bottle and had it analyzed, and that, too, was pronounced adulter- ated. I am satisfied that it was pure honey when it left my hands. I might add, however, that the Roots have been investigating, and E. R. Root writes me that there is lack of proof that this par- ticular sample came from Hakes. The National Bee-Keepers' Association sent its Secretar}-, Dr. A. B. Mason, to attend the trial, and he has made a report to the General Manager. This report gives quite a little testimony that goes to show that Mr. Heddon has been mixing. This is not the f'rst time that Mr. Heddon has been accused of adulteration, and, in jus- tice to ourselves, and to him, I think that suit ought to be brought against him. If he is innocent he ought to be given an opportunity, in a court of law, to clear himself of these accusations. If he has done wrong, it should be proved against him, and he should pay the penalt}-. «^J^^rf^ir«»»U» PHOTOGRAPHS WANTED. For the last three months I have been offering prizes for the best articles. The result is that I have a large number of most excellent articles. Until I can make room for the.se there is no use in offering prizes for more. When I have used the best of those that I have on hand I shall again offer prizes. In the meantime, I should like some good photo- graphs to use as frontispieces in the Review. The frontispiece for June is already printed, but later months are not provided for, and to the one who will .send me a photograph that I think well enough of to use as a frontispiece in the July Review I will send 55oo cash. To the .sender of any other photograph that I think well enough of to use in some other part of the Review I will send the Review for one year and one of the Superior Stock queens. If j-ou have a neat, picturesque apiary, send me a photo- graph of it. Send me a photograph of anything pertaining to bee culture thaj^ 158 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. will make a neat picture, or convey some useful information. I received a picture a day or two ago taken in the depths of a maple forest, at a time when there were no leaves on the trees, and away up in the top of a tall maple could be seen a decoy bee-hive. The writer told all how he arranged the decoy hives, and put them in place, and got them down when occvipied, and what a lot of swarms he had caught in this way. The picture and description will be given in the June Review. I mention this simply to show what kind of jiictures would be desirable. Some little nook, .some peculiar arrange- ment of your hives, some new style of hive, some swarm catcher — well, anything that is interesting, picturesque, or imparts useful information; all of course, relat- ing to bee-culture. Get an 8 x lo picture if yon can; if not, then as large as possi- ble; as the larger the picture the belter the cut that can be made from it. Have your photographer use a small diaphragm in order that there may be good defini- tion; as nuich of this is lost in the reproduction. r",«^^»rf«»»»» PRODUCING COMB AND EXTRACTED HONEY WITHOUT .\NV .SWARMING. Mr. B. F. Blakely, Jr., of Neely, Kans., writes me how he manages in producing both comb ami extracted honey, and at the same time avoids swarming. When the hive is full of bees, honey and brood, and the honey flow begins, he removes all of the brood combs except about four that contain the greate.st amount of brood. These are alternated with frames contain- ing strips of foundation for starters, and the super put on the hive. No bees are taken from the hive, they being sliaken off the combs that are removed. A col- ony treated in this way works and acts very much like a swarm. The removed combs are given to the colonies that are worked for extracted hone}-, these col- onies sometimes being piled up four stories high. In short, this is a peculiar svstem of division, if such it may be called, in which the comb honey colonies are robbed of so much of their brood, at exactl}^ the right time, that swarming is prevented; while the brood is placed in colonies .so worked for extracted honey that tliev do not swarm. It is a peculiar system, and one that requires the produc- tion of l)oth comb and extracted honey. DIST.ANCK THAT BEES FEY FOR NECTAR. Mr. J. K. Crnne writes n-e that he was much interested in the article by Mr. Ira Barber thai appeared in the Review a few months ago, and tnld how far he had known bees to fly in gathering nectar. Mr. Crane says that it reminds him of j a conversation that he had 25 vears ago ' with Mr. Harbison of California; who was at that lime the most extensive bee- keeper in the world. Mr. Harbison had moved a portion of his bees to the sfuith- ern part of the State, and expecled to soon move the rest of them. He was out prospecting for another location and, when .some fifteen miles from his vard of bees, was surprised to find bees at work upon the flowers. He finally decided that they must be wild bees; but, as he moved towards his apiary, the bees in- creased in numbers. At ten miles from the apiary he found the bees more abund- ant. Not only this, but the line of flight was in the direction of his apiary, and he was forced to the conclusion lliat the bees were from his own yard. Mr. Crane thinks tliat fifteen miles is a long waj's for a bee to fly — so is eight or ten miles. He thinks it would be interesting to know if Mr. Barber's bees did not wear out rapidly when flying so far. M Crane also suggests that possibly bees might fly a long distance after nectar, . and not wear out so ver}- rapidly .if they found it abundant after reaching the pasture. He thinks that wandering about from flower to flower in a search for nec- tar might be quite wearing. He is of the opinion that they Hy more miles to a trip when honey is scarce, although they may not go so many miles from home. " I THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 159 EXTRACTED. STARTING BEES IN THE SECTIONS. B.iit-Sections Versus Plenty of Drawn Cumlis in ilie Supers. Many bee-keepers seem to think that the use of a bait-section, or one drawn comb, in the super is ex ictly as gjol as the gi\in^ of a fall S'lpar of drawn combs. There are reasons why it is not, and Mr. F. L. Thompson gives these reasons in the following article that I copy from the Progressive Bee -Keeper. Dr. Miller does not see why a bait sec- tion would not be as good as a super of shallow extracting-frames, to get the bees to work above. He seems to think there is but one consideration, that of having bees upstairs; and if they once do that, little or much, that is all there is to it. Rut by having oi)porluiiily for roi/sid- ^/'iZ/^i/^' honey to besiored iuunediatcly up- stairs, the queen wdl nut be impeded in her work below, and the result will be more brood below than if that same first honey was all stored below except what little could be put in the bait comb. The effect, therefore, IS right in line with the plan of forcing the bees U]) by taking care to have full brood-combs below when the first luney comes; and it is right in line with the universal experience that the bees put less honey in the brood-chaml)er when run for extracted honey tlian when run for comb honey. With a bait comb, on the other hand, even if the bees do work right along in the super after start- ing on the bait, several days will elapse while mure or less honey is being stored in the brood-chamber, because there are nut drawn cells, or the cells are not drawn enough, to hold it above; and it will stay there, and there will l)e that much less honey upstairs. I tried this plan of .start- ing the comb honev hives with supers of shallow extracting fr.imes several years ago, the last year I had bees of my own near Denver before they evaporated f the onlvea.son I have not tried it since), and it was easy to see there was more honev upstairs ( consquently less downstairs 1 the first few days, as well as subsequently, than in the colonies with a single bait comb apiece. But in this locality I don't see any par- ticular necessity for extracting those combs. If one does not wish to raise both comb and extracted honey, why, let him not extract. Xotliing will be lost. After tiering with a section super, which in strong colonies should not be very long after the bees are well at work in the shallow combs, and after the drawing out of the foundation of the secticjus is well underway, the super of. shallow combs niaj' be removed before they are all cajj- ped, and stored away until about the ist of September, then used to catch those tedious driblets that come at the close of the season. ( No danger of that unsealed honey deteriorating in tlii.s climate. ) Then they will be just right for putting on next season about the middle of May, and relieve one of a great deal of work and anxiety (for there is no fruit bloom honey to speak of ) on the short-storage question. The supers for those coml)s need not be factory-made, so long as chinks are avoided. QUEEN BUYERS. How They Sometimes Misjudge the Breeders. Bee keepers who are accustomed to seeing queens in their own apiary are quite likely to be disappointed when they begin buying queens and having them come by mail. A queen sent oy mail is quite likely to be small and insignificant looking as compired with a queen that is laying in a full colony. Not only is the shippel-queen stn dler, but there is a dinginess about her that is in striking contrast with the bright, fresh colors of the queen at home on the combs. Time and again has some purchaser who failed to introduce the queen sent him, written and said "I am satisfied the queen you sent me was nothing but a virgin." It is such things as these that stir up that veteran breeder, Henry Alley, to write as follows to the American Bee Journal: — Once in awhile some bee-keeper who has purchased a queen and has liad bad luck in introducing her, and bad luck in other ways, feels like giving vent to his disappointment, and so he sits down and writes to some of the bee-papers and gives i6d THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. the qneen-flealer a "blowing up." The purchaser is disappointed in several ways: He expected a large, golden-vellow queen, and, above all, had no idea that his queen would nr^t be accepted by the bees, as he had adopted a method for introduc- ing that some prominent bee-keeper had reconmiended, and there could be no doubt about the success of the under- taking! But the queen was received; she was small, dark-colored, and the acconipiny- ing bees "were just like hybrids." About the loss in introducing the queen I will sav but little. But does a purchaser ex- pect to get a queen bee whose condition shall be as good when leceived as when the queen was put into the cage? Just consider for a moment >vhat a hard time those bees have had while they were cooped up in the little box, and being rushed about for a week or more in a mail-bag while the temperature is neailv up to lOO degrees in the shade. Is it not a wonder that the bees are alive? Just think of a mail-bag being grabbed from a crane while an express tram is traveling 50 miles an hour! Then, again, how does it affect the bees when a mail-pouch IS kicked out the door of a car and the train going at the rale of 40 or more miles an hour? Sometimes the pouch is left at a station in the hot sun while the temperature is nsdes^rees in the clear sunshine; and, sometimes, too, the mnil- pouch is placed upon the top of an old stage-coach, and is carried for miles into some back town, and all the while Old Sol is doing his best to cook the contents of the oouch. Well" now, all these things are done all through the warm season. vSome of the people who handle the mail in the cars have lots of fun with the bees they find in the bags, and many queens meet injury and death in that wav. But these things are overlooked by the purchasers of queens, and they accuse the dealer of sending them inferior queens. Does anv one for a moment suppose a queen-dealer would put out and knowinglv mail an inferior queen? I do not believe it. The reputation of the dealer is at stake. Every queen- dealer is trving to .send out queens that will be superior to those sent out by his competitor. "Handsome is that handsome does." Well, now. f|ueens when in the nuclei of the queen-breeder do look and appear beautiful: in fact, they ER^' kEVIEW 163 SHALL WE ADOPT PLALX SECTIONS AND FENCES? Perhaps 3-011 are debating this question now. It is not too late yet to make a trial of these goods this season; and no doubt you would like to know what has been the experience of other bee-keepers who have tried them. We have on hand some EVIDENCE. If you wish we will gladly send 3'ou a cop}-. You will find much interesting reading, and it may be worth dollars to 3-ou. vSee what bee-keepers all over the United States and Canada have to say. Ask for Bulletin A. Do not delay, but send 3'our request at once. Do 3-ou want an EXTRACTOR this season ? Investigate our Cowan Reversible, Ball-Bearin^^^ Extractors. We have a little pamphlet giving some information about these. Send for it if interested. We are pioneers in the manufacture of modern fixtures for Plain Sections and Fences, as well as all other supplies. If you want them right, send to us or our branch ofificies and agencies. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. Please mention the Review when 3-011 write. Watch for our advertisement iu next issue. 164 THE BEE-KEEPERS' .'REVIEW. '^^' '^^^ '=^- '^^^i' ^^- ^'^^ ^=52>' ^5:^- ^=5:^' ^5i.' ^^ There's a Difference » between rearing queens for quantity and qualit}-. I am trying my best to rear the best queens possible. My breeding queen is one of the best Doolittle ever reared. He writes " Can you let me have queens from the one you got of me last 3^ear? " During the season when conditions are most favorable, I rear a large number of queens, selecting the very best cells and virgins. The very best of these are used to re- queen the poorer ones in my own yard, and for select and breeding queens My untested queens are given the best attention, and reared under the best possible condition, and from the best of mothers. Some of the best cells that are sealed when the best colonies swarm are used. All queens are warranted to be good ones. Prices: Untested, 60 cts.; one doz., $6.00; select, single queen, 85 cts.; six for $4.50; tested, $1.00; six for $5.00. Selected, tested, $1.50. Breeders, $2.50; the very best, $4.00. Write for circular. Harry Lathrop writes : "I have bought queens from different breeders, and never got any that were better than those I got of you." My bees are the Golden or Five- Banded Ital- ians, and they give me more honey than any other bees I have tried. 13. CASE, Port Urange, Florida. A^ » w w THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ^li^yV^WW' w^wtfuv^wyww^w^vwwMW^vwwy^v^' Golden Italians. 165 For several years past I have tested the various strains and races of bees by obtaining the best queens that money would buy, from all of the leading breeders of the U. S., as well as Europe, and. after careful tests, have found the greatest excellence among certain strains of our American or Golden Italians. By careful selection from these for years, with the ideal characteristics always in view, I have developed my present strain. Among these characteristics are industry, yigor, hardiness, gentleness, superior comb building, disinclination to swarm, beauty, size, etc. The fact that I have constant offers to exchange breeding queens with the foremost queen breeding specialists, at well as receive complimentary remarks from some of our leading profe.' sional bee-keepers, proves that my strain pleases them. My bees possess the above traits which go to make up feal worth, while for color and beauty they are equal to any strain I have ever seen. All queens are fully warranted, both as to purity of stock and general value, witliin reason- able limitations. Should any prove otherwise, they will be promptly replaced gratis. This is a rule I have always followed, and I do not know of a single dissatisfied customer. If you want cheap queens, bet- ter order them elsewhere; but if you want the best, I shall be pleased to fill your order at the following prices : — Before July ist, one warranted or tested queen, |i.oo; six for 1^5.50; twelve for 510.00; one select tested, |2. 50; one special breeding queen, 55.00. After July ist, one warranted or tested queen, 75 cts. ; six for 1:4.00; twelve for $7.50; one select tested, ^2.00; one special breeding queen, 540o. Farm Seeds. In addition to the above, I grow and handle a few choice specialties in farm seeds; viz., Siberian Millet, a new variety superior to and differ- ent from all others. Seed, extra recleaned, per bushel, ( enough for j acres ) $1.00. German Millet, the old standard variety, seed recleanedf So cents a bushel. Amber Cane, pure, for planting, quart, by mail, 30 cents, per bushel, ^i.oo. Pedrick Perfect Golden Beauty Corn i Burpee's strain ), a fine, large, yellow variety, per bushel $1.00. Sacks ( 2 l)ushel ] in which to ship the above, 15 cts. each, extra. J. W. KIHX, liellcville, Kansas. 9 166 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. , .RACK NUMBERS FREE!, . ^ . . ^ M Back numbers of the Review are different from ^m n_ those of newspapers and some journals. The jl information that they contain is just as valuable now as when first published. Each issue of the Review, especiall}' if devoted to the discussion of some special topic, as is the case with all of the copies printed during the first five or six years of its existence, is really a little pamphlet con- taining the best thoughts and experience of the best men upon the topic under discussion. Some issues are now out of print; of others only a few remain; while of others there is still a good stock on hand. Insteau of letting these back numbers lie on my shelves, gathering dust year after year, I think it better to use them in getting new sub- scribers, and inducing old ones to renew, and, at the same time, have them out doing good. I shall, therefore, as long as these back numbers hold out, send 12 of them free to each one who sends me one dollar for the Review for 1900, and who says that he cares for them. This offer includes renewals as well as new subscribers. The selection of these back numbers must be left with me, but I will see to it that no two are alike; and to old subscribers I will try and send such " issues as they do not already possess. Before this offer is open to old subscribers, all arrear- ages must be paid up. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ib7 lone Star Apiary Of G. r\ Davidson & Son, Fairvievv, Texas, can offer to queen buyers the following reasons for patronaj^e : Mr. Davidson has had 15 years of experience with bees, 10 of them being devoted to queen rearing; he each year imports queens from the best breeders in Italy, which gives him the best of Imported Stock; he has 400 full colonies, and about the same number of nuclei, whicli enables him to fill orders promptly, and there is no foul brood or other bee disease in his locality. The cells are built in full colonies having laying queens, as nearly under the swarming impulse as possible; and as great care is taken in securing healthy, vigorous drones, and promoting the pure fertilization of queens, as in the rear- ing of the queens jjlhem selves. 1 Vices are as Follows: One untested queen in June, 75 cts. ; six for 1:4.25 twelve for $8.00. Tested queens, f 1.50 each; six for J8.00; twelve for 51500. After July 1st., un- tested queen, 60 cts.; six for $3.25; twelve for <6.oo. Tested queen, $1.00; six for $5.50; twelve for {JIio.oo. Safe arrival -guaranteed. Agents for I ligginsville bee-keepers' supplies. -"^li^ft'w 1 68 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW . O -M r^ "73 "Xi ^= "-I ■ C o o >i u ^ 2 T^ ,o ^ VO _ , v-' ^ ^ \ O O O^ ^ !^ M CJ t- LO O CO M j o .'^ (U S ?^ P^ > ^ ^ •• Q^ Ci J^ OJ _2 ^ ^ i o^ ^ ^ >, Ul r/1 o 1— 1 f-H o o 1^ »— < H o tB (U 0) W 172 w H o o d; rn r-< 1 have over 500 colonies of bees, and several hundred nuclei, and can have an\' number we wish. We are breeders of Golden Italian, three- banded Italian, and Holy Land bees and queens. We have secured our stock, regardless of cost, from the best breeders in America; and have bred by se- lection until we have some of the finest strains of the three best races in America. Our three queen rearing 3'ards are several miles apart; and we take care that only drones of each race fly anywhere near that yard. vSend for circular which gives valuable information on queen rearing, and tells why we are able to turn out the best queens in the world at the following PRICES. 5.00 675 S.oo 1 1. 00 Untested in June, July, Aug. and Sep., $ .75 Untested, all other months, i.oo Select untested, 25 cts. extra at all time.-. Tested in June, July, Aug. and Sep., 1.25 Tested, all other months, 1.50 Select tested, 2 00 IJest breeders of the three-banders 3.00 He.st breeder. Golden Ualian or Holy Land, 5.00 Three-frame nucleus ( no queen 1 3.C0 ij-'o :?4.75 Full colony, S-fr Dovetailed hive, (no queen) 6.00 3^00 60.00 Add the price of queen wanted to that of the nucleus or full colony. X. B. For every $10.00 sent us for bees or queens we will, next Aug. or Sep., send one .select, tested queen; for S25.00, a fine breeder will be sent. 0. i'. HVDP: tk SOX, Hiitto, Te.\as. ^®>Mi®>'S®>'M^M®>Ef^M3M^'SSBM§)M^M3\ 174 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Queens. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, $2.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, |r.oo; 6 for 15. 00. Untested, 75 cts. ; 6 for I4.00. W. H. I^aws, Round Rock, Texas. M. H. Hunt & Son Sell Root's Goods at wholesale and re- tail, at their prices. Our inducements are Strictly First-Class Goods, Cheap Freight Rates and Prompt Shipments. Our .specialty Anything you want for your Bees. Send for our Catalog. Cash or trade for beeswax. M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich. GEO. V\. COOK, breeder of Golden Itaiiao Queens and dealer in tumw SiiDulcs of all kinds. Golden Italian Queens, un- tested, from Dec. to July, 75 cts. each; six for S4. 50; or SS.oo per doz. From July to Dec. .=,0 cts. each; six for $2.75: or 55.00 per doz. Tested queens, double the above prices. Breed- ing queens, $3.00 and 55.00 each. GEO. W. COOK, Spring Hill, Kans. MY GOLDEN AND LEATHER - COLORED Italian Queens Are bred for business and beauty. I furnish queens to the leading queen breeders of the U. S., and have testimonials from satisfied customers in the V . S. and foreign latuis. Give me a share of your orders — they vvill be filled promptly. Tested queens, before June ist, 5150 each, .\fter June ist, tested queens, either strain, $1.00 each; untested, 75 cts. each. One-frame nucleus with queen, 51.50; two-frame, $2.50; three-frame, $3 25. 4-oo-tf J. W. MINER, Ronda, N. C. Please mention the Reuieiu. Now is the time for all Eastern and Southern Bee-Keepers to send in their orders for Bee- Hives and Hee-Keepers' Supplies. We have a special offer to make to all Eastern and SoiUheru buyers. Let us know your wauls and we will take pleasure in showing you that we can really save you money over our Eastern Competitors. The reasons are two-fold. In the first place, we are located in the lumber region of Wisconsin, and get our supply of lumber direct from the mills; whereas, our P^astern competitors are buy- ing hunber in our State and paving freight on rough lumber, which weighs much more than the finished product, to their Eastern factories, and then freighting the finished product back all over the West. In the second place, we support no branch liouses or middle men. We sell direct to the consumer, and the only way a dealer can make a profit off o\ir good.s is by buying the larger quantity which is open to any purchaser, and selling at the small quantity rate. The cost of an article is based on the cost of material (here we shine), the cost of labor, and a reasonable profit to the manufacturer. We sell our goods on this basis, while the manufacturer who sup- ports branch houses all over the United Staves, and some in foreign lands, nuist add to what we would consider a lair selling price, the freight charges from his factory to his supply-house; he must have interest on his iuveslmeiit while his goods are waiting for a purchaser; he has rent to pay every month his branch house is kept open; he lias additional insurance on the goods in branch houses; he must pay cartage from the cars to liis branch house, and again hack to the cars. Then the manager and clerks in the branch house must be paid. .\11 these things tend to increase the cost of the commodity to the consumer. If prices are the same at tlie branch house as at the home factory, then the price at the hom.e factory must be rai.sed to meet these ccyistantly increasing expenses; and the bee- kteper who takes his supply from the home factory is helping to support the branch houses in different .States. We .sell f. o. b cars at Hudson, w^ith an allow- ance on freight for goods going east of Chicago. Buy your Bee Hives and supplies from us and you will get the goods at first cost. Interstate Mfg. Co., Hudsoq, Wiscoqsiq. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 175 ■iiiiinbaiiiiiiiiiBiiiimiii liiiiiiiiiililiiiiiiiiiliiiiiinil _iiiii>ui|iiiiiix|iiiiiiiiiinuiiii'|niiiiiiiBi»mili|iiiiiiiii|iiiiiiwSiiiiliil'|iiimiiilhim>i'liiiiiiiii^ iMiiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiNmiifiiuiini|iiilinifniiinii|iiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;Biiiiii{iiBiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiigiiiiin ImiiiililiiiiiiiiifiiiiriliiliiiiiliiiliiiiliiiliiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiliiiiliiiiiiBiiiimiJ ■iiiiiia QUEEiSS 1 1 WmBarnber, I I Are my specialty. I have 500 colonies | ■'"If and can, if necessary, run 1, 000 nuclei. I'l'i I i I shall have two experienced apiarists i ^ I i in my employ. I can begin .sending 3 ■'i»"i out queens of this year's rearing as |"i I i early as March; and throughout the b ^ I = whole season I shall sciul llicin | II By Return A\aii. i t My bees are Italians, from inn orted | iiiini stock, also from Doolittle, as well as im I I from selected home bred stock. i ="" I Prices are as follows: Untested. 1' iiiMi Ji.oo; jix for J5 00; twelve for J9.00. jm i i Tested. Si. .so: six for S8.50; , twelve for 1 I I $15.00. Best breeder. ?.t 00. | n Root's Good^ i fnini ^ pill j I At Root's prices, plus carload rate of [ |"""i freight. 2-00-tf f" p W.O.Victor, j 1,4 Wbzvrtoot T^xa5. I s ^■•itna.anainwaimiKiaiiiiiiiaBiniintaintiMBitmgraiMJiniiiiiniiiiiiiiiB ani'aiiii.i liuniilaiuwIiiiiriiiilniuiililnniiiiifiiii'iM'liimiiiilliliiliiilJiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiil. Of Mt. Pleasant, Mich., has his own saw-mill, and a factory fully equiped with the latest machinery, located right in a pine and basswood region, and can furnish hives, sections, frames, separators, shipping cases, etc. , at the lowest possi- ble prices. Making 'his own foundation enables him to sell very close. Send for samples and prices before buying, and see how you may save money, time and freight. Bee-keepers' supplies of all kinds kept in stock. 12-99-it ■iiiiiniiainiiiicaiii ■iiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiniiaiiiiiiii.aiiiiiii'aiiiiiia •3 I ■3 U1 o a- 3 c* a ^ (^ ifl r^ W — 3 ^ 0 D> jr < a ^ •^ ^^ 0 0 < 0 0 •^ ?L c V) (/) a 3 '^ m o 3 o o ^ o V) 3 o V) o H Tl oa 3* 3 X c H X > vO O O ^i^ am Dittrner s I Four5cI^.tior7 I At WboI«52kIc arjiiiiiiuiiiDuiuiiiwiiiiiiB»iiu'iinuPBiniiu§iiwuiiitijiiuiBut many dollars into your pocket. All of these points are fully explained in one of the chapters of Ai)\an-CHD BeE Cl'i.ti-re. Besides this, the book contains ^i other chapters n e qually im])ortant subjects. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year i and twelve back numbers ) and the book for only 51.25. W. Z. HUTCHiyS50M, Flint, ^^ic^). IVIfg. Co. fleui Liondon, Wis. Nearness to pine and bass- wood forests, the possession of a saw - mill and factory fully equiped with the best of ma- chinerj', and years of expe- rience, all combine to en. able this firm to furnish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices on a fiill line of supplies. i We have a Liarge Stock, and can fill Orders Promptly. Send us your orders for hives, extractors, or anything that you want in the bee-keeping line. We make only the best. Our Falcon Sections and Weed Process Foundation are ahead of anything, and cost no more than other makes. New catalogue and a copy of The .\nierican Hee-Keeper free. W. T. Fzvlconcr h\^%. Go., Jamestown, N. V. li-/r' W. M. ('.errish. East Xot- ingham, X. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalogue prices. |Sto pish-Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the Van Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This style of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a fe}y thin base, with the surplus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work .over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely be distinguished from that built wholly by the bees. Being so thin, one pound will fill a large number of sections. AJl the Trouble of wiring brood frames can be avoided by using the Van Deusen wired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. J. VAfi DEUSEri, Sprout Brook, N. Y. I i i?8 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW ♦ tt' \ A V V € " Golden Italian, 3 - Banded Italian, and Holy L,ands. We have secured our stock from the best breeders of the U.S., and now we are able to offer the best strains of the best races in America. Queen Rearing is our specialtj-; we have been at it for years, and this depart- ment is under the immediate supervis- ion of our Mr. H. H. Hyde. We want the address of every bee-keeper for our queen circular which gives prices and methods of queen rearing, honey production, prevention of swarming etc. Prices, either race; — Untested June, July, Aug. and Sept. 75Cts ;6 for $4.25. All other months, $1.00; 6 for $5.00. Tested, June, July, Aug. and Sept., $1.25; 6 for $6.75. All other months, jr. 50; 6 for $8.00. Discounts for quantities. Select tested and breeding queens a specialty. O. p. HYDn & SON, ♦ V Y ♦ ♦ ♦ I-OO-tf Hutto, Texas. ■A. V H Ht This is the orij^inal one-piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, li.SS; 1,000 for $3.25; 3,000 for 18.90; 5,000 for I13.00; 10,000 for I22.60. No. 2 sections are not made to order, hut when in stock are sold at |i.8o per M. J. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. Listen ! Take my advice and huy your hee supplies j of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ A ever made; and he sells it at prices that defj conipetitio7i! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered ere. Millions of Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and be your own judge. AUG. WFISS, Hortonville, Wisconsin If the 0 'J Is mentioned when answering an advertisement in its columns a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertis- er. It helps the fo.iner by rais- ing his journal in the estima- tion of the advertiser: and it en- ables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profitable. If you would help the Review, be sure and say " I saw your advertisement in the Review," when writing to advertisers. ♦ 4. d <> ♦ ♦ ♦ i ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 179 Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well-known manu- facturers of musical instruments, Jno. ¥. StrattonA Son, of New York, and taking my f)ay in musical mercluimlise. 1 have now on mud a fine violin outfit coueistiiiR of violin, bow and case. Tlie violin is a " Stradiuarius, " Ited, French finish, iiiKh polish, antl real ebony trimmings, price ^14. (Xi. Tlie bow is of the fin- est snake wt)oil, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, (ierman silver shield, ebony scrow-head, (ierman silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price 82.50 The case is wo(h1 with curved top, varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnislied with brass hooks, and hanilles and lock, price J^i.^O. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20 00. It is ex- actlyth- same kiml of an outfit that ray daugh- ter hat. been using the past year with the best of satisjHCtion to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to Sell this on tit. and would accept one- half nice, white extracteil honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be stMit on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. G. M. LONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Review. I am advertising for B. F. Stratton & Son, music dealers of New York, and taking my pay in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. I have already bought and paid for in this way a guitar and violin for my girls, a flute for myself, and one or two guitars for some of my subscribers. If you are thinking of bu3-ing an instrument of any kind, I should be glad to send you one on trial. If interested, write me for des- criptive circular and price list, saying what kind of an instrument you are thinking of getting. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich, Bee keepers should send for our 00 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices, Our specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK, 62 Cortland St.. N. Y. City HDake Your Own Hives. 3ee ^ Keepeps Will save money by usitij,'- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JKO. BARNES CO., 384 Raby St., Rockford, Ills. I 00 7t "^^Mi^r I So THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. GEO. W. COOK, breeder of Goldeo Italian (joeens Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers are looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your name on a postal card, will bring you prices of queens, bees, nuclei, bee supplies, and a catalogue giving full particulars, with a full treatise, on how to rear queens, and bee-keeping for profit, and a sample copy of "The .Southland Queen," the only bee paper published in the .South. All free for the asking. 3-99-tf THEjnNNm ATCHhBY CO., Beeville, Bee Co. Texas. Caniiolans ! Carniolans ! ! The largest and finest stock in America. Xo other apiary in this country contains as many Imported Carniolan Queen.s as this. The gen- tlest, the hardiest, gather the least propolis; no bee-veil needed; equal Italians for honey. RAI,PH BENTON, '• The Carniolan Apiaries," 1801 Harewood Ave., Washington, D. C. 3-00.3! Bee - Supplies. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's honey jars. Prompt .service. Low freight. Catalog free. Walter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana. Only exclusive bee-supply house in Lnd. an.l dealer in iipriau SiiDDlcs of all kinds. Golden Italian Queens, un- tested, from Dec. to July, 75 cts. each; six for S4.50; or JS.oo per doz. From July to Dec. 50 cts. each; six for J2.7,s; or 55.00 per doz. Tested queens, double the above prices. Breed- ing queens, ,'3.00 and 55.00 each. GEO. W. COOK, Spring Hill, Kans. MY GOLDEN AND LEATHER - COLORED Italian Queens Are bred for business and beauty. I furnish queens to the leading queen breeders of the U. S., and have testimonials from satisfied customers in the 'J. S. and foreign lands. Give me a share of your orders — they will be filled promptly. Tested queens, before June 1st, 5: .so each. After June ist, tested queens, either strain, Ji. 00 each; untested, 75 cts. each. One-frame nucleus with queen, J1.50; two-frame, 52.50; three-frame, $3.25. 4-00- tf J. W. MINER, Ronda, N. C. H. G. QUIRIN, THE QUEEN BREEDER, is, as usual, again on hand with his IM- PROVED strain of GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS. Our largest orders come from old cus- tomers, which proves that our queens give satisfaction. There is no bee disease 'n our locality. We have had twelve years' experience in rearing queens. One thing we pride ourselves in, and that is in sending all queens promptly by reticrtt )nail, and we guarantee safe arrival. Price of queens will be as follows: 1 6 12 Warranted, fo.50 $2.75 $5.00 Selected, warranted, - - 75 4.00 7.00 Tested, ------- i.oo 5.00 9.00 Selected tested, - - - 1.50 8.00 Extra selected tested, the best that money can buy, 3.00 Address all orders to H. O. Qitirin, Parkertown, Ohio, (.Muuey order ffioce, Bellevue.) T Qe (J)ee- \eepeps' Re\^ie A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Horiey Producers. $L00 A YEAR. w. z. BDTCHiNSON, Edlior and Proprietor. VOL XII, FLINT. ICHiGAN, JUNE 10, l?00. NO, 6. (ff^ PERFECT SYSTEM FOR // \ \ MANAGING OUT - APIAR- ^/[ y\ IKS IN THE PRODUCTION OF EXTRACTED HONEY. BY N. E. FRANCE. Each beekeeper should study the vari- ous ways of others, and then apply such methods as will best suit his location and circ unistan ces. With us, bees wintered in the cellar would often be weake'' in num- bers the last of April and May than when taken out of the cellar, while those win- tered in large chaff hives on the sum- mer stands would be strong and by far the more profitable. So that, for the last twenty years, our bees have been mostly in these chaff hives, which are simply four standard Langstroth hives inside, combined into one hive or house, with a 2-inch space on outerside for chafT filling. Each colony is separate from the others, one entrance on a side, but in winter weather the bees cluster near the center of the hive, and thus help to keep each other warm. See the picture of an empty hive on next page; showing brood- frames in hive-body; button over upper entrance turned to one side as in sunime-; second story by side of hive; top and side next to stack showing chaff wall with a strip of tin on two upper sides of upper stories of hive to prevent any chance for bees to pass from one colony to another. When two sets of extracting combs are to be used, the cover is raised in place by use of the board band, which is hooked together and set on the hive proper. One-half of this band is laid on the grass with the queen-excluding zinc leaning against the hive by it. The hinged cover is turned back one way while working two colonies, and re- versed when working the others — so there is no need of lifting any covers. A plain band made of common fencing forms the stand for the hive, and is leveled before the hive is put on it. If the bees have plenty of good honey and a young fertile queen early in the fall, we seldom have any loss. On an average, not over three to five per cent. I do not recommend this hive, nor advise those having single hives, and who can winter bees successfully in the cellar, to change to our method or kind of hive. The bees consume a little more food in THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. chaff hives, than in a cellar, so, if you and putting empty combs above. If a can, keep the cellar dry, well ventilated, of uniform temperature, about 45°, with strong colonies and good feed, and don't be in too great a hurry to get the bees out in the spring. colony has a good queen, but the colony itself is not as good as desired, I take from the strongest colonies one or two brood-combs covered with bees, and give them to the weaker. |ii.:i 111 , Ul Al i lll\"l-;. In warm weather in the spring I ex- amine each colony, and see if they need any feed or help; and, if so, give them, next to the brood, a comb of honey that I may find in some queenless colony that has lost its queen during the winter; or, perhaps, exchange an empty comb for a comb of honey from some colony that can spare it. When dandelion bloom appears, I again examine each colonj', clipping the queen's wings, putting the brood from the second story down below, When there is nothing for the bees to gather in the spring, we use a hive-tent; for by its use we can work in the apiary all day and not have any colony of bees disturbed by robber bees. Our tent is made of a light frame, and covered with cheese cloth, with an outlet at the top to let out bees that may alight on the in- sides while we are at work. If I were to make a tent in which to work single- colony hives, I would use three light frames covesed wkh wire cloth, and THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 183 hinged together, so it could be folded and easily stoted away when not in use. I'roni the best colony in the apiary I select choice worker combs full of eggs to raise my queens for that apiary; buy- ing new queens, one or two each year, to introduce new- blood. As niy bees are mostly in out-apiaries, from three to five miles from home, and no one there to look after them when we are away, T do not allow natural swarming; but divide as occasion requires. When white clover begins to yield honev we extract all the store-combs to gathered. No honey is allowed to be extracted until fully ripened; and, gen- erally, all capped over. If unripened honey is put on the market it will soon spoil and ruin the market. Good, ripen- ed honey, if kept in a dry room, will keep for years. I have some good honey in common glass jars that I extracted twenty-two years ago, and it promises to remain good so long as not sampled too often. Towards the close of the honey-flow we make sure to save enough good combs of honey to feed the bees until dandelion A COZY COKNKH IX THI-: HOME-APIAKV OF E. FRANCI- & SOX. get out this amber grade from fruit bloom and dandelions; as its color and flavor should not be mixed with the better grades. Great care is taken to keep each grade separate, and to see that each pack- age is n'.arked, showing tlie weights and the source from which the houey was bloom next season. I am often asked "how much honey is necessary to winter a colony of bees. " IMy reply is "A little to much feed in the fall will be just enough next spring." Wisconsin bee- keepers lost 70 i)er cent, of their bees last wiuter, not all for want of honey, but in 184 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. many places in the State, in May, I found dead or weak colonies without honey. When our honey season is over, the extra combs, after being cleaned up by the bees, are stored in racks in the bee-house, the hive entrance nearl}' closed up by the large button, and the little space over the bees, under the roof, filled with dry oat chaff or straw. This is all the work we do to fit our bees for winter. Allow me to describe some of the methods of handling the six or seven hired, inexperienced boys from 15 to 20 bee veil to take care of and return at close of the season. As we near an out- apiary, each man gets his trousers ad- justed bee-tight at the ankles, and veil on his hat ready for business. Each apiary is located on a gentle slope to the south, with a heavy, timber wind-break on the north and west, and a private road from the upper side of the apiary, through the yard by the side of the ex- tracting house that is in center of yard. This road leads on down the slope below the apiary so that the wagons, when loaded, can be run by hand easily to a AN OUT-APIARY BELONGING TO E. FlUXCE & SON. years of age. I board them for the days they help me, about four weeks, and pay from |i2 to $20 per month. Each one, by number, has duties assigned and will take special interest in his work, and soon become an expert in his department. Each is furnished a good straw hat and safe distance in the grove to hitch on the teams. There is a freight wagon fpr barrels, uncapping-box, etc., and a canopy top four-seated rig much like a stage. Having but one team, I hire a team for a few days to haul one of my wagons. We generally arrive at an out THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 185 apiary a1)out 8:30 a. ni., three to five miles from home. Each man is readj^ for duty, and they soon cliange the scene in the apiary. All are a jolly set; and if one should get a sting, he is quiet about it, for fear the other boys inav laugh at him. I will call them by number to be better understood. Nos. I and 2 each have a team to care for and drive; so, on arrival near the apiary, they unhitch and put the teams in the farm-barn near by; then bring to the apiary the extractor that was stored in some dry farm-building. No. 3, being the smallest boy, brings two pails of spring water, one for drink- ing and the other for wash- water. No. 4 leads the wagons into the apiary by the side of the bee-house; then puts the barrels, etc.. in place in the house. No. 5 lights the smokers, gets fuel in the open box near the house, and each set of tools in place, ready. No. 6 puts the cloth roof and siding on the house, and, with a couple of nails, fastens the board in place with the screen-door attached with spring hinges. This bee-house has simply four corner posts seven feet above the ground. The sides of the house are each ten feet, with a foot-wide board around the top and bottom. Cheese cloth, two yards wide, and forty feet long forms the entire .siding, and a heavy ducking cloth, 10 x 12, forms the gable roof, which gives plenty of shade in hot days and sheds water if caught in a shower. Small strips of leather are sewed to the edges of these cloths through which to drive the wire nails to hold them in place. All this takes only from five to eight minutes after arrival; then No. 5, with a sharp Bingham knife, will uncap the honey combs, while No. 6 attends to the extracting straining, and filling of the barrels holding 360 j>ounds each. I usually take the place as No. 6; as I can better take that place and at the same time have a chance to see each hand, and give orders. No. i, with No. 2 as a.ssistant, and No. 3, with No. .} .is assistant, open hives, take out honey combs, brush off what bees do not run oflF, by two or three strokes of a very thin and wide brush- broom, that is made specially for the purpose, at a broom factory, of select, fine stock. Nos. 2 and 4 bring these honey combs, a set at a time, to the house, and return with a set of extracted ones to fill up and close the hive. The first hive in the moniing has to be closed up without upper combs, so as to have combs ready for use in others, and the last set is returned to the first worked colony. To save time, and keep out of each other's way, the honey combs are set just inside of the door of the extract- ing house, to the left side of the door, so that No. 5 can get the combs, uncap them over a box made for the purpose, and set them close by the side of the extractor without taking time for one or two steps. No. 6 puts the honey combs in the ex- tractor, which is a Cowan, four-frame, reversible, with ball bearings and lever brake — in short, best extractor on the market. The empt}' combs are set by the right side of the door, and without taking more than one step. The field boys, Nos. 2 and 4, get rid of their honey combs, and empty ones for exchange, by simply going to the shoj) door. The little time saved in these few steps may seem of little importance, but it saves me daily the cost of one more man. Every one as busy and happy as the little pets we are working with, time passes so swiftly that it seems but an hour after our arrival when the alarm is .sounded from the house — dinner. We all quit work as soon as possible and not leave hives open. These boys are active and hearty eaters, but even this laborious task is done in order. Nos. I and 2 feed the team; No. 3 gets a pail of fresh spring-water; No. 4 takes the baskets of dinner to a shady spot near by; No. 5 spreads the cloth and sets the table — picnic style. No. 6 cuts the loaves of bread and carves the meat. Dinner over, each has a duty \u packing up and get- 1 86 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ting to work. The same is true at the close of the day's work, which comes when the entire apiary of loo to 150 col- onies have been treated. On the road to and from these apiaries the boys have their sport, playing card«, or tricks on each other, or telUng stories, or playing on musical instruments and singing. The light covered wagon with the boys in arrives at home in time for them to do the few chores common around a farm- house; so they are ready, as the freight wagon backs up to the warehouse, to roll the barrels in the house, the floor being on a level with the wagon-bed, carefully weigh each barrel, and mark its gross and net weight on the label. The honey is stored in these barrels, until sold, without any other care — except a few dozen cases of 60-pound square cans for farmer trade. If barrels are made of a good quality of staves, kiln- dried, and iron-hooped, the barrels then stored a short time in a dry, airy room, and the hoops driven the day barrel is filled, they will never leak. That is our experience for the past twent}^ years; sending barrels thousands of miles, and to nearly every state east of the Rockies. We must use such packages for extracted honey as our markets demand. The next best package is the 60-pound tin can, cased; and where good cooperage cannot be had, and at cheap figures, the boxed tin can package is perhaps as good as any. Our home-market consumes about 10,000 to 12,000 pounds of ex- tracted honey, and 500 pounds comb honey per year. The extracted is sold in common tin pails, holding three, five and ten pounds each. We furnish every grocery store with the honey in these pails; and, to catch some customers that do not want to buy the pails, they are allowed to pay for pail and honey, and, when the pail is empty and clean, they can return it to the store and get pa}' for it, the same as it cost. Almost all kinds of gummed labels will not stick to new tin cans or pails, but they will stick for all time and not wash ofT. if put on with a paste made of demar varnish reduced with alcohol. Pl..\TTEVlLi,E, Wis., March 20, 1900. MPROVEMENT IN STOCK IS THE MOST HOPEFUL FIELD IN COMMERCIAL BEE-KEEP- ING. BY J. E. CRANE. ( The prize article.) "In what direction is commercial bee- keeping susceptible of the greatest im- provement?" Somehow, the editor of the Review has a happy knack of g o i n g straight for the most im- portant facts in connection with bee-keeping; and this question is no exception to the rule. There are certainly many directions in which connnercial bee-keeping is sus- ceptible of improvement. Yet, doubt- less, there is no class engaged in any branch of rural industry more thoughtful or studious than those engaged in com- mercial bee-keeping. Probably no other branch of rural industry will show so large a number of inventions and im- provements connected with it, as will bee-keeping. On the other hand, few animals or plants that have been long under cuUivalion by man show so little change or improvement as do bees. It is not certain that the great mass of bees to-day are any belter for honey gathering than in the days of Virgil or Aristotle. So bus} , indeed, have bee-keepers been during this nineteenth ceinury inventing hives, boxes, sections, supers, foundation, smokers, extractors, with systems of management, manipulation, and a thous- and and one other things connected with THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 187 bee-keeping, that thej- seem to have ahnost for.i^otten the possibilities of im- proving the bees themselves. Recently, in looking over the index of one of our bee iournals devoted to the interests of bee-keepers, I found that while some hundred of subjects were in- dexed, all of them of interest I have no doubt to bee-keepers, I found but one item on "improvements;" and, on look- ing that up, I found it was improvements in /lizrs and not of bees. In looking over Langstroth's work, I have failed to find one item, even if we except changing from one breed to another, in the index of some fifteen hundred subjects indexed, on the improvement of our stock of bees. While the fruit grower has his improved fruits, the florist his improved variety of flowers, the sugar producer his improved beets, the dairyman his improved cows, the wool grower his improved sheep, how- many bee-keepers have their yards stocked with improved bees? Yet, I doubt if anything connected with bee- keeping is any more susceptible of im- provement at the present time as the bees themselves. By im])rovement I mean not simply purity of breed, or color, or gentleness, but rather the ability and disposition to gather the largest possible amount of honey, and store it in the whitest combs free from dirt or propolis, or the largest amount of well-ripened honey for the ex- tractor, with the power to /ran sin it these qualities with a good degree of certainty to the next generation. .\ few bee-keepers have been working along this line, and have been well re- warded for their efforts; but the great mass of bee-keepers, there is every reason to believe, still depend upon natural swarming for queens, with perhaps an occasional queen purchased from some queen breeder. Can this be because bees are not as susceptible to improvement as cabbage, or carrots, or sheep, or pigs? There is reason to believe they are even more so. Is it not rather because the at- tention of bee-keepers has been taken up with hives, implements, methods of ma- ni])ulation, or management, or discussions of the different races or breeds of bees supposed to be already nearly perfect? Now, suppose, for a time, we leave the improvement of hives and fixtures and manipulations, and attend to the im- provement of the bees. Here is a field as yet almost untouched; save by the few brave pioneers who have blazed the way, so to speak, and are ready to welcome the crowd if we will but follow their lead. Can we in any other wa}^ make so great an advance as in bringing the average of our bees up to that of our best stocks? If half the efforts that have been spent in producing a non-swarming hive, had been spent in producing a non-swarming breed of bees, I believe we should now have been far in advance of our present position. Another reason, perhaps, is the gen- eral feeling that each individual queen, or colony, of any given race or breed of bees represents a certain definite charac- ter; instead of being exceedingly varia- ble. It is so with all breeds, to a greater or less extent. A few years ago I bought a heifer calf from one of the best Jersey cows I have ever known, and yet, although its sire was an animal of fine pedigree, the heifer has grown to be a very ordinary cow. In visiting a farmer not long ago, he showed me his choice herd of dairy cows. As we passed along he would talk in this way: "This cow gave me last year 400 pounds of butter; this one 3S4 pounds; this one 418, and this one 300 pounds when two years old." I complimented him on having so fine a herd, when he replied: "Yes, they are quite satisfactory now, but it has taken me quite a number of years and a good deal of care to luring them up; but it pays." He has the .same breed to-day that he started with, but by constantly breeding from the best he has, I presume, nearly or quite doubled the product from his dairy. Now, suppose that, instead of trying to improve his stock, such stock as he had, he had spent iSS THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW his time trying one breed, and then an- other; or in improving his stables, or his butter making implement, or marketing packages, or milking machines, what would have been the result? While he has not overlooked these smaller matters, he &\w an open field for improvement which he occupied, and has made his business a success. Will bee-keepers be as wise? I do not suppose that all of the honey secreted by the flowers will ever be gathered, even by the best of bees, still less will the best or most productive bees it is possible for man to produce ever get honey where none is to be had; but, if we can breed from our strongest and most industrious stocks till fifty or seventy-five such shall gather what one hundred are now required to do. we shall at least save what it requires to keep the extra number of colonies. I believe we had better, for a time, look for Apis Dorsata hi our otch ujrJs. If we fail to find it, we may. perchance, find some- tliing e\-en better. What I have written so far may seem quite theoretical, but I believe it has a solid basis in fact. I will not give in proof what a few isolated individuals have done, who are far away where distance lends enchantment, although I might safely do so. but rather give a few facts from my own experience. It may be re- membered by nianv readers of the Review that two articles from my pen bearing on this subject appeared in ihe Review. I became disgusted with the superior qualities of breeds as a whole. I had found some colonies of black bees greatly superior to the average Italian; while the qualities of the three-banded Italians I had found, from many years experience, to be exceedingly variable. I advanc?d the theory that great improvements might be made by careful breeding for this pur- pose. That I might know what had already- been accomplished I bought as good a queen as money would buy from a queen breeder whom I had reason to believe had for many years been trying to improve the productions of his bees. I was unprejudiced, and seeking for the truth. During the summer of 1S9S I reared some thirty-five young queens from this purchased queen. Of course, these mated with mv own drones, or drones from my old stock. The spring of 1S99 found me with enough of ihis cross to judge somewhat of its value. The colonies of this stock were scattered tlirough two yards, and had the same care as my old stock. I did not have long to wait, however, to note a difference after the flowers be- gan to blcom; for I could tell the hives containing these voung queens about as readily by the extra amount of early honey gathered as by their color, which was quite distinct from my own. The season proved one of the poorest I have ever known, j-et these bees showed their superior working qualities during the en- tire season. In September, when I came to look my hives over to see how nmch honey each one had for winter, I found my old stock to average ten or twelve pounds in their brood- chamber, while the new stock averaged not far from twenty-five pounds, nearly or quite enough to winter on. Later, in November or December, I wished to get rid of some honey in some old drone combs, and placed them in the sun on the south side of the barn out of the wind, as the weather was quite cool, to see if perhaps the bees would take it out. I was surprised to notice that almost every bee that worked on it (and they were numerous^ was the descendent of this purchased queen, as could easily be told by the color, while I had yet in my yard some twenty-five of my old stock of bees. Whether trying to gather honey at so unseasonable a time of the year is a virtue, or otherwise, I will not attempt to decide, but it shows at least their vigor, energy, and determination to get honey under adverse conditions. Another point in favor of these bees, although only a cross between superior stock and my own, was that they run THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 189 very evenly; /. e., what seemed to be true of one seemed to he true of all; show- ing that the queen I had purchased had come from stock bred for productiveness, for many generations; and was capable of transmitting her good qualities in a very marked degree. To accomplish such improvements in bees as I have outlined, the honey pro- ducer should be able to rear all of his queens from the most productive stocks in his own yard, or from the best queens to be purchased; and this involves the necessary intelligence and skill for rear- ing artificially, with ease and rapidity, all his young queens from year to year. In closing, let me say that however it mav be with others, I am satisfied that, for myself, there is no direction in which I can make such decided and paying im- provements in the production of honey- as in the rearing of all my queens from the best and most productive stock to be found in my own apiaries, or that can be purchased for a reasonable sum of money. To this end I shall devote my energies, as never before, that the present season may show a large advance over the past in improving my bees. MiDDLEBURY, Vt., May 9, 1900. M PRO V EM EXT OF BEES IN THE DIRECTION OF NON- _ SWARMING IS THE MOST HOPEFUL FIELD. BY K. S. MILES. To the man who desires to make the production of honey, more especially comb honey, his sole business, there ap- pears one serious drawback; one diffi- culty that perhaps makes as much extra labor as any one thing connected with the business. I refer to the disposition of bees to swarm. While it may not be the most hopeful field of endeavor in bee- keeping, I believe that tlie person who succeeds in solving the swarming problem in working for comb honey, without caging the queen or weakening the col- ony, will be entitled to immortal fame, at least among bee-keepers, and will be bestowing a boon on bee-keepers equal to the movable frame hive. With no swarm- ing to watch for, the beeman could locate several apiaries, and produce enough honey with his onxx labor to bring him a good income, even with honey selling lower than it does now. Of course, we might produce extracted honey, but were everybody to raise ex- tracted there is no telling where the price would go. I know by experience in sell- ing hone}- that a great many people won't use extracted honey at all. There is an attraction about nice comb honey that appeals to the eye; and what looks pleas- ing, tastes good. I believe the most hopeful field for commercial bee-keeping lies in the im- provement of the stock, in the direction of non-swarming. There are some strains of bees not so much addicted to swarm- ing as others. Take such a strain and use every means available to pirevent swarming, breeding always from colonies that are not inclined to swarm, and I be- lieve you will, in time, have a non-swarm- ing strain of bees. Bees have, in times past, been bred mostl\- from the worst s warmers; it is the easiest way to get good queens and increa.se for those who do not make a business of bee-keeping; Vjut I think the time is coming when those making a business of bee-keeping will reverse this practice, and breed from those that dojiH swarm. Now, I will have to plead guilty to the charge of breeding from swarming colonies myself. I was, like all beginners, anxious for in- crease, and glad to have them swarm. I soon saw, however, that the colonies that did not swarm were a good deal the most profitable in honey; so I have reared a few queens from some that did not swarm, and they were way ahead of the average bees. The worst year for swarms that I have .seen, about one-third of mine run for comb honey did not swarm. Other 190 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. years I have had from none to eight or ten swarms from thirty to fifty colonies. But each season the bees have to be •watched, and this watching is what we want to do away with. There are many plans of dividing and uniting in the fall and thus keeping down increase after a fashion, but we want the whole force of one queen to stay together through the honey flow in order to get good crops of fancy comb honey. How to do this without anyone on band to watch fo'' swarms is, in my judgment, the greatest problem now before the bee- keeping fraternity. DeniSON, Iowa, May 9, 1900. ve all pronounced the meat first-class in quality, even to the last meal. It is often asked, 'Will not the excite- ment soon pass by, and the rabbits fail to pav expenses?' When we remember the millions of mouths to be fed, the appetiz- ing character of the meat, and the cheap- ness at which it can be produced, I doubt if we need fear that it will be soon over- done. Many prefer the rabbit to chicken, and 12 to IS cents a pound is paid for chicken pretty generally throughout the country. One disadvantage that the bee-keeper lalxirs under comes from the fact of off years. One off year is frequent, tv\o off years in succession not uncommon, and he is a lucky apiarist who has not had more than once three successive off years. .Again, the bee-industry does not claim the whole time of the bee-keeper all the year, and he may well add another string to his industrial bow. Poultry-keeping has often served admirably for this extra string. I believe the Belgian hare will even eclipse the hen in this desiied com- radeship. I have a neighbor who lives between here and the foothills. He has a large apiary which has only been an expense now for over two years. I fre- quently pass by his place on my way to the canyons. As I have seen his brood of children — a very large one, by the way — I have felt pity for the household, de- spite the fine flock of chickens which adorn the home yard. I feel le.ss pity now, as the gentleman told me the other day that he had made over |;6oo clear in Belgian hares during the last year I am thus led to say: 'All sjicress lo a co-part - vership be twee fi bees and the Belgian liare.'' " Los Angeles Co., Cal. HIVING SWARMS. When and How Two Swarms can lie Hived Together Advantageously. I don't know whether it is because my locality is similar to that of C. Davenport, of Minnesota, or whether it just "hap- pened" that we have fallen into the same way of managing things, but I know that I seldom read an article of his that I don't feel as though I were reading my own experience. In a late issue of the American Bee Journal he has an article on the management of swarms in secur- ing the greatest amount of white comb honey, and the management is such that I know from experience, that it is the very best for our short, early white honey flows of the North. For that reason I copy it. Mr. Davenport says: — "I have before in these columns men- tioned the fact that I largely practice hiving two swarms in one hive. These swarms may be either natural or artificial, or one may be a natural issue and the other artificial — it depends upon circum- stances, but it is all ])ractically the same thing, and the thought may have occur- red to some who have not been engaged in our pursuit long, whether it pays to hive two swarms together, and if more surjilus can be securefl in this way than if each swarm is allowed a separate hive. It undoubtedly pays with me, and I will endeavor to explain why. This will necessitate briefly describing my locality THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. in respect to the time, character and dur- ation of its honey-flows or yields, for upon these things or conditions — or, in other words, the locahty largely deter- mines the question of whether it pa3'S to hive two swarms in one hive, but in this case the word 'locality' must be consider- ed in a broad sense or view, for the con- ditions in some of the middle or even southern States might be similar enough in some respects to what we have here, to make the practice pay, while in other latitudes, even as far north as this, they might not. As a usual thing the early spring flows here are sufiicient to support brood-rear- ing, but after fruit-bloom, until white clover commenced to blossom, there used to be a short spell during which it might be necessary to feed in order to have brood-rearing kept up as rapidly as it should at this time, but of late dandelion bloom has bridged the gap between fruit and clover bloom. This has nothing to do with the matter being discussed, but I mention it because it is, to me at least, verv curious how rapidly this dandelion bloom has increased. There has always been some here, but nothing compared to what there is at present, and formerly it was about gone soon alter fruit-bloom. Of late it has kept in blossom more or less all the fore part of the season, in fact it is becoming too much of a good thing, for I have had bees working on it at the same time white clover was yielding, and when it is mixed with clover honey it nearly ruins the latter, for it is dark, rank-tasting honey, fit only for brood- rearing, or to sell for manufacturing purposes. The properties of the two plants are such as to greatly favor l)Oth being work- ed when they are in bloom at the same time, for white clover, as a rule, does not yield as well during the fore part of the day as it does the latter, and dandelion yields and is at its best in the morning. Later the blossoms completely close up so that on low pasture lands here that may be literally yellow with its bloom in the forenoon, there may not be a single blo.ssom to be seen in the afternoon. Three years ago I extracted about 2,000 pounds of nearly pure dandelion honey before white clover commenced to yield. White clover usually commences to yield slowly about the first of June, basswood the first of July and l«sts about TO days. This gives us a white-honey flow of about 40 da\'s duration, though the time this flow commences, as well as its length, may vary considerable, owing to the season or the failure of one or the other of its sources; but I can say in favor of my locality that in my time clover and basswood have never both failed the same season. At least 80 per cent of what swarms I have are made or issue during the first three weeks of June. I can imagine some are now saying, 'You are away off, old man; you should have your swarming all done and out of the way before your main flow com- mences. ' This can not profitably be done here. The time previous to this, that i<;, the length of time between settled warm weather and the fore part of June, has not been sufiicient so the colonies on an average will become populous enough to swarm sooner naturally, and so far as I understand it at present artificial swarm- ing should not be performed until it is a necessity, in order to prevent natural swarming. Many of the strongest col- onies might naturally swarm about the first of June, but my practice along towards the last of May is to take the combs of brood and young bees from the strongest colonies and exchange them with weaker colonies for empty combs, or those which contain no brood, and I con- sider that it pays, for it prevents a large per cent of the swarming that would otherwise take place, or have to be done. Now it will be noted that what swarms I have, taking an average, will have about thirty days or less in which to gather white honey. As it takes the eggs alxjut thirty-five da-\'s to develop into field-bees, it will be seen that these swarms have not time to develop brood intp field-bees to work on this white- honey flow, so the less brood they rear the more surplus white honey, for what brood thej' do rear is reared on this white honey; and another thing is, that with less brood to tend there is a larger force free for field-work. Now, if two swarms are hived together in a hive the brood-nest of which is onl}' as large as would be allowed if they were hived separately, only half the amount of brood can be reared that could be if they were each given a hive; and from long practical experience in the matter I know that taking one year with another I can here with swarms secure nearly, if not quite, as much again white honey by hiving two together; and I work for white honey regardless of increase; and also of amber and dark honey. Whether the practice would pay if one desired these tli^gs to be considered is another question. When hiving two swarm^ in one hive, if small hives are used, two stories .should be allowed for a brood-nest until they get THE BEBKEEPERS' REVIEW 201 well started to work; then the lower one can he removed and more snrplns given in its place; for often two large swarms will not stay and commence work williiig- Iv in one small hive, no matter how many snpers filled with sections are placed on top. They can be forced to stay, of course, I)ut this forcin^c is often a difficult matter, and they may sulk away much valuable time before commencing work. Another important thing which will apply to swarms hived either singly or together, is to keep the empty hives in a cool, airy place until needed. A swarm hived in a hive that has been out in the hot sun is much more apt to desert, and after the swarms are hived their hives should be kept well shaded for a few days. The most satisfactory shade is ob- tained by the use of a shade-board, which is large enough to project over the hive six inches or more all around. But this board should not rest down flat on the hive cover; if it does, and is dark colored, as the}- soon get to be when made from unpainted lumber, it mny do more harm than good. Provided the cover is piinted white, there should he an air- space of at least a hilf inch between the two. With cool, well-shaded hives, and at first a brood-nest in proportion to the size of the swarms, 1 do not consider it neces- sary to raise the hive up from the bottom - board all around I allow only the usual entrance in front, and place a queen-trap or entrance-guard on until they get well settled down to work. ( )f late it is very seldom that I have swarms attempt to de- sert, but I do not wish to run any risk with these big, double swarms, and when swarms desert they often leave without clustering. With clipped queens zinc is not so necessary, but it might prevent a clipped (jueen being lost or de^troved by crawling into another hive, but when it is used, and there are a great number of drones with the swarm, it should be removed when thev are anxious to get out. Then if it is replaced while they are having their flight, most of them will be .shut out, and soon join the bees of other hives. Southern Minnesota. XEW BOOKLETS. The Chicago, M'lwaukee & St. Paul Railway is issuing a series of booklets regarding points of interest along its lines, and if you are interested in the western country, or contemplating a trip, write Gko. H. Hi;.\i-i-"ord, General Passenger Agent. Chicago, 111., for the special publication desired, enclosing four cents in stamps for postage for each one. No. I. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. Woods. No. 5. No. 6. No. 8. Country. No. 9. No. II. No. 12. Citv. No. 13. try. No. 14. State. No. 15. The Pioneer Limited. The Land of Bread and Butter. The Fox Lake Country. Fishing in the Great North The Lake Superior Country. Cape Nome Gold Diggings. Summer Days in the Lake Summer Homes, 1900. The Game of Skat. Milwaukee — The Convention A Farm in the Timber Coun- Stock Raising in the Sunshine Hunting and Fishing. Honey Quotations. Thp following rnlps for Kradinir houey were adop*f>(i by the North American Bpe Keepers' A.S8(jciation, at its Wiishingrton meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made accor<]ing to tliese rules. Fancy. — Ml sections to be well filled; combs straiirht, of even thickness, and tirndy attached to all fonr sides; bf>th wood and comb nnsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise : all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well tilled, bnt combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells nnsea'ed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwieo. In addition to this the honey is to be classified accordiugto color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," No. 1, dark,"' etc. The prices given in the following quotations are those at which the dealers sell to the gro- cers. From these prices must be deducted freight, cartage and commission— the balance being sent to the shipper. Conimi.'^sion is ten percent.; except that a few dealers charge only five per cent, when a shipment sells for as nuicli as one hundred dollars. NEW YORK, N. Y.— There is a steady demand for all grades of comb honey. The receipts are not heavy. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15 to 16; No. I white, 13H to 14'/^; amber, 11 to 12; buckwheat, 9 to 11. Extracted honey is steady at the following prices: California wliite, S'j to 9; light amber, 8 to .SJi: white clover, 8'i; amber, y'/i; We are asking, for extracted buckwheat, 6>4 to 7 cts. for kegs, and 7 to 7'2 for tins, according to quality, but with very little trade. Florida ex- tracted honey, 8 to 8L', light amber, 7!^ to 8; am- ber, 7 to 7 Ji. Other grades of .Southern at from 75 to 80 cts. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax, a little more active at from 27 to 28 per lb. FR.'VNCI.S H. I.EGGETT & CO. Jan. II. W. Broadway, Franklin & Varick Sts THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. CHICAGO, Ilvly.— We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15 to 16; No. i white, 1310 14; faiicv amber, 12; No. I amber, 10 to 11; fancy dark, 9; No. 1 dark, 8; white, extracted, 7>/2 to 8; amber, 7 to 7%; dark, 6J4 to 7; beeswax, 28. Mar. 14. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. KANSAS CITY.— Receipts and supply light; demand tair at the following quotations: No. 1. white, 14 to 15; fancy amber, 13 to 14; No. i am- ber, i2j4 to 13; white extracted, 8; amber, 7; dark, 6; beeswax, 25. May 4. C. C. CL,EMONS CO., 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. NEW YORK. — We quote as follows: Fancy white, i.s: No. 1 while 13 to 14; fancy amber. 12; No I. amber, 11 to 12; lancy dark, 11; No. i dark, 10; white, extiacied, 8 to 8^2; amber, 7 to 7^2: dark, 6 to 6J^; beeswax, 27 to 2b. Mar. 15. HIIvDRETH & SEGELKEN, 120 West Broadway, New York BUFFAI^O, N. Y.— For four to six weeks there has been an excellent trade in all giaaes as quoteu. We urge the marketing ot all now, as berries will soon be pleiuilul and cheap. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 16 to 17; No. 1 white, 14 to 15; lancy am Der, 14 to 15; No. 1 am- ber, 12 to 13; No. 2 uark, 10 to 12. May 4. BATTERSON & CO. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y. CHICAGO, 111.— Demand for comb honey is limited. Sales can be made for fancy white at 15 cents other grades in proportion, as low as 10 for dark. Extracted is i 1 limited supply and good demand. White, 8 to 9; amber, 7 to 8, de- pending upon package and flavor. Beeswax, 28. S. T. FISH & CO., May 4. 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills. Queens. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, 12.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted tnothers. Tested queens, either strain, |i.oo; 6for|5.oo. Untested, 75 cts. ; 6 for I4.00. W, H. I^aws, Round Rock, Texas, M. H. Hunt & Son Sell Root's Goods at wholesale and re- tail, at their prices. Oar inducements are Strictly First-Class Goods, Cheap Freight Rates and Prompt Shipments. Our specialty Anything you want for your Bees. Send for our Catalog. Cash or trade for beeswax. M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich. QUEENS THAT PAY Are those from good stock, and reared right. I have reared over 1,200 queens from my " Doolittle " breeder, and tested over 100 in my own yard. The queens are large, and the bees are hustlers Ail queens warranted good ones; no culls sent out. Prices: average untested queen, 60 cts ; dozen. S6.00: select, 80 cts.; dozen, S7. 50; tested, Ji 00; select. Si. 50; extra, S2.00. "You send me ihe best queens I ever had. J. W. Hartinan, Pickens. W. Va." Others write in the same strain. See May Review, page 164. Circular free. 6-oo-tf J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla. See what the CRANK SAYS, The untiersigned never was more successtul in having fine cells built, and, consequently, in .se- curing fine queens, than during a copious flow. Since May ist many of those queens (Ihree and five-band Italians) are now tested, and will be sold for Si. 00 each; select te ted. Si. 25; breeders, S2.00; and untested, 75 cts. Would you like a fine three-band breeder matched to a golden drone? I can supply such. Money order office. Warren- ton, N. C. ' 6-oo-tf W. H. PRIDGBN, Creek, Warrenton Co., Pa. l^xhihition Hives. I shall probably make no more exhibitions of bees and honey at fairs I have too many other irons in the fire. I have about a dozen nucleus exhibition hives that I would sell for 50 cents each. They are nicely made, with glass in one side and wire cloth on the other. Six of them are painted a bright vermillion and the others a bright blue. They are of the right size for tak- ing one I,angstroth frame. They cost $1.00 each to make them. I also have about 100 of the old-style Heddon super, of the right size to use on an S-frame, dovetailed hive. This is the best super there is if no .seperators are used. They cost 20 cents each to make them when lumber was cheap. They are well painted and just as good as new, but I would sell them at 15 cents each. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Micb, THE bEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 203 Examine uie Figures. "T/ie tall, wide, ne\\\ plain section has come to stay, and the sooner our bee-keepers make them- selves acquainted with the fact the better for them.'' Hildreth & Segelken, New York City. These people know whereof they speak, for they probably handle more honey than an}' other one concern in the U. S. Having shown to the readers of the Review the different st\-les of snpers we furnish this year, we are sure you will be interested to learn the proportion of sales of each. We have selected as an illustration the record of our Philadelphia Branch, which is fairly representative of our trade. Well, here are the figures for your study: 985 r Supers with 4 V x 4 '4^ x \% Plain Sections and Fences, 36 per cent. 475 Iv " " 4 X 5 X i^ " " " " 17 255 Danz •' " 4 x5 xi^ " " " " 9 575 Ideal " " 3^8 X 5 x i >^ " " " " 21 415 S " " 4V -x. A% X 1% Slotted " " Sl't'd Seps., 15 " Descriptions of all these supers have appeared in the Re- view, and may all be seen in our catalogue for this year. It is not too late to try some of these this season. Send your order to our nearest dealer. You will find a list of our principal dealers on the back cover page. Surely you cannot afford to dela}' giving these a trial. Parties who once use Root's Plain Sections and Fences continue their use. This is the best proof of their worth. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. 204 THE BEB-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ^"^ --i^ -^^ '^5^ •^:?=' -^=7 -,^7 •<;:?' -^5^ •.i?^ -^iS^ .^:7 .,,;j7 •,,:^ .,i?=' .,:-7 .,^^ % \¥ m # m f m w m f m w {Jjj^ (Keep this before you.) ^p }0^ We pay cash for # S -HONEY. i ^Ji^ We want honey; and ask ^'p iljj^ correspondence from those ^P # havmg it to sell. State quan- W ^^ tity, quality and style of pack- ^^ 7^^ age We are dealers in green ^^-^ ^A^ fruit and dried fruit and all ^p ^0^ kinds of produce. • ^p # S. T. FISH cS: CO., # § (Established 2 3 years.) ^ W i 189 South Water St., ^^-^ t CHICAGO. 8 Ky)^ Reference; First National Bank, Chicago. >vK ^A^ Your banker can show vou our rating. W^ m w «t of ;^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^^=^*'^* '^•^^' THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 205 gniMBiniiiiipiiiiiinaiiiiiriiifiiiiiiitainiiiii.antiitigBiiiiiiiiiBiiminiaiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiaiiiiiiMifiniiiiiiBhniiii |i .1 ii|a. iiii |i.i ,iy| |,Liii|.iBliiinii>luiMlili| uiiiilllli iiiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiiiBiiiiniii|iiii|iiiiwiiiii| iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii:'aiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiii'l.,.:.J QUEENS Fl Wn,Barnber, Ij Are !uy specialty. I have soo colonies and can, if necessary, run i.cxx) nuclei. I shall have two experienced apiarists in my employ. I can begin sending out queens of this year's rearing as early as March; and throughout the whole season I shall send them By Return A\2vil. My bees are It.'iliaii>, from inn orted stock, also from Doolittle, as well as from selected home bred stock. Prices are as follows : Untested. $1.00; 3ix for $5.00; twelve for J9.00. Tested. J1.50: six for jS.50; , twelve for I15.00. Best breeder, J4.00. Root's Good^ At Root's prices, plus carload rate of freight. 2-00-tf W.O.Victor, Whz^rtoOf T^X2V5. iBlunilB ■•■'■Mji ■.\rm ! ''"■ "i 'i ■-'! ! '"^f nMpi,ulilB...< riu. ,..,.'m~':" i.Lii.iJ, ..'■< "Ii.iiii llaliilil OH am 0 •3 ^ H VQ (^ nn iim ^ ^ w 5' 5> 0 Tl Hn 1 «-K V> 5' iin w •-" (^ VQ Bn 3 0 0> •3 9> 3 < a 3 iiina I -f 0 0 /9 0 0 4 < (^ 0 (^ n. . i ■^ (^ 0 wna una lima 1 jina v: n a- 3 c A. V) 5' a 3 v; V) ^ i K * 3 v»- "•• rf ^ 0 •— i »^ jr •sj luMM ^ 1 — • V\ VJ I c H X > •v3 NO o o llllllig liiniii "1 I*' of Mt. Pleasant, Mich., has his own saw-mill, and a factory fully equiped ■with the latest machinery, located right in a pine and basswood region, and can furnish hives, sections, frames, separators, shipping cases, etc. , at the lo-west possi- ble prices. Making his own foundation enables him to sell very close. Send for samples and prices before buying, and see how you may save money, time and freight. Bee-keepers' supplies of all kinds kept in stock. 12-99-it Dittrner's Fourjdz^tiop At WboI«5ZkIc anui8(ii,i 206 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. The Flint Belgian Hare Association, Ltd. Importers and Breeders of High Class Pedigreed Belgian Hares. All stock guaranteed as represented. Prompt shipments made to all points. Write for prices and full information. Rabbitry on Wood St. Business address, 214 Saginaw St., Flint, Mich. Both phones 28. 4®=" I am personally acquainted with the members of this association, and know them to be thoroughly reliable. They have secured the finest stock that it is possible to secure, and I can assure all purchasers that they will get the worth of their money - Editor Review^. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. CoBtellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson. Flint, Mich. f^Here we are to the Front for igoo with the new Champion Chaff - Hive, a comfortable home for the bees in summer and winter. We al- so carry a complete line of other supplies. Catalog free. R. H. SCHMIDT & CO. , 9-99- tf. Sheboygan, Wis. — If yon wish the best, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and lie would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing each a machine. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELtBRATED BirminghamSteelStrings ■^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin. Banjo IV- Finest Made. Extra Plated. CKASI MAr Warranted not to rust. Send for Catlg JOHN F. STRATTON. Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811. 818, 815, 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mention the Review, 1900 Queens 1900 For Business— Queens for Strong Colonies — Queens for large surplus. Competion in Quality, but not in price. If you want queens, nuclei or supplies at bottom prices, send for my illustrated price list. 12-97-tr /. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga. Please, mention the Reuieut. —If you are soing to— BlJY A ^UZZ'SAW, write to the editor of the Keview. He lias a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. THB A. /. ROOT CO,. 10 VINE ST.. PHILADELPHIA. PA BEE - SURRLIES. Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doints. We want to save you freight. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 207 CZJ Several times in my life have I seriously con. sidercd the idea of attempting the development of a superior strain of bees. I knew that it would require years of careful, patient, persist- ent work in the way of selection, crossing, test inp, etc., and there have always .seemed to be too many other irons in the fire for me to make room for this one. Sometime I maj' make the attempt; at present, however, I ana glad to know that one man, hy giving twenty years of his life to the work has met with a fair measure of suc- cess. I have reference to the breeder mentioned in my last advertisement of superior stock. Be- ing a little curious to know along what lines he had worked, I asked him to tell me, and from his letter I make the following extract: — In regard to the origin of my strain of Italians I would say that they were developed by selec-. lion and crossing. The first Italian queen that I ever posses.sed was of the Thos. G. Newman stock. The next was of A. I. Root's red-clover stock, purchased in iSSi. In 1882. I purchased one of friend Root's best imported queens, for which I paid J6.00. She was a valuable queen, indeed: producing workers which were hardy and regular hustlers for gathering honej'. I stocked my apiary with her daughters, saving only a few' queens of the other stock to furnish drones. This gave me a direct cross, which, I think, is the secret of my success. In 1S83 I found one of the daughters of the Root irnported queen far out-stripping every- thing in the yard in the way of honey-gather- ing and comb-building: and her bees capped their honev so white that it made it appear the most beautiful comb honey I ever saw. In this queen I had an acquisitfon. I used her as a breeding f|ueen. Her bees were not as hand- some as the Newman stock; but beautiful HONEV attracted my eye and pocket-book more than fancy bees. Permit 'me to say right here that I fear that alKjut nine out of every ten queen breeders make the mistake of breeding for color; sacrificing business qualities. I love to look at the beautiful, golden, five- banded Italians; and I wish that they were as good for business as the regular three-banded Italians; but I have tried them and found them -sadly wanting. Tlie queen from which I am now breeding is a wonderful ♦ ♦ ♦ mm m wit ■'>M, , Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies i of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest ever made; and he sells it at prices that defy competition! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax- wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered ere. MiIlio:is of Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction gtiaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and be your own judge. AUG. WEISS, Hortonville, Wisconsin. i ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 1; H Jl "1 This is the original one - piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, |i.S8; 1,000 for $3.25; 3,000 for 18. qo; 5,000 for $13.00; io,ocx:) for $22. 60. No. 2 .sections are not made to order, but wlieii in stock are sold at 1 1. So per M. /. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. >f% s ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ v) • ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ If the Is mentioned when answering an advertisement in its columns a favor is conferred upon both the publishei and the advertis- er. It helps the fo.-mer by rais- ing his journal in tlie estima- tion of the adverti.ser: and it en- ables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profitable. If you would help the Review, be sure and say " I saw your advertisement in the Review," when writing to advertisers. THE bEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 211 Violin for Sale. I am advertisitiK for tlie well-known mann- facturera of innsical iustruineiils, Jao. V. StrattoiiA Son, of Ntnv York, anil takinR my f)ay in iiuiHical inercliandiee. 1 have ut)W on lauii a ficio violin t)nttit consistiuK of violin, bow and case. 'I'lie vmlin in a " StratiinariuH. '" Ut»il, French finiyli. hmh polisli, and real ebony trirnuiinKt', price $14.1X1. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood. ebony froj;, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl limvl Hlido, (ieriiiau silver shield. ebi>ny screw-head, (iernian silver fernles, and pe.-irl dot in the end. price S2. 50 The case is WKiid with curved top. varnished, fnll-linod, witli pockets, Hiid furnished witli bra.^s hooks, and handles and h)ck. price $:^ .W. This niakes the enfiro onttit worili an even $:il) desire to eml ark in the bee busi- ness. Average yield of surplus honey. 50 pounds to the colony. Phott giaphs sent to those inter- ested. J. W. MINER, Iionda,N.C. Bee - Supplies. Root's jToods at Root's prices. Pou- fler's lioney jars. Prompt service. Low freight. Catalog free. Waller S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave., Iiuliaiiapolis, Indiana. Only exclus've bee-supply house in Ijid. fleait nicittioii thu Reuieui. GEO. W. COOK, breeder of Golden llaiian Queens and dualcr in .Darau ;^'iii)Dlcs of all kinds. Golden Italian Queens, 1 n- tested, from Dec. to July, 75 ct,'-. each: six for54-5o:or $8.00 per doz. From July to Dec. 50 cts. each; six for ^2.75: or 55.00 per doz. Tested queens, double the above prices. Breed- ing queens. 3.00 and J5. 00 each. GEO. W. JOOK, Spring Hill, Kans. MY GOLDEN A\D LEATHER - COLORED Italian Queens Are bred for business and beauty. I furnish queens to the leading queen breeders of the U. S., and have testimonials from satisfied customers in the U. S. and foreign Ian s. Give me a share of your orders — they will be filled promptly. Tested queens, before June 1st, $; ,so each. After June ist, tested queens, either strain, $1.00 each; untested, 75 cts. each. One-frame nucleus with queen, $1.50; two-frame, $2.50; three-frame, $3.25. 4-00-tf J. W. MINER, Ronda, N. C. GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS Which give s tlisfaclion are the kind that H. G. yiiirin sends out. The A. I. Root Coinp.my lell us th.il oitr stuck is extra fine. Give tts a trial older for our SEinCTED STOCK, and see how well we can please v« u. All queens sent PROMPTLY BY RETURN M.AIL, with safe (ielivery guarmueed. Have l)red queens for 12 years. Price of queens after June: 1 6 12 ■'0 ,so 52.75 $5.00 75 4.00 7 00 1.00 5.00 9.00 1.50 M.oo Ordinary, warranted, - Selected', warranted, - - Tested, ------- Selected tested, - - - Extra selected tested, the best that money can buy, 3.00 Address all orders to H. a QUIRIN, PARKERTOWN, ERIE CO. (Money order office, Bellevue.) PA. OS )e (|>ee-)\eepeps' jAeVie/ A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Iqterests of Hoqey Producer^ $1,00 A YEAR W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor, VOL. XII, FLINT. ICHiGAN, JUlY 10 K,00 NO, 7. OVING BEES TO FALL PASTURAGE. WHEN IT IS PROFITABLE, AND HOW IT IS DONE. BY GEO. DEMUTH. My locality lurnishes surplus honey from clover and basswood only. No honey is gathered after the basswood har- vest closes, the bees thus becoming con- sumers in July. Twenty-five miles away, in a region of small lakes, are numerous "dead lakes," or swamps and prairies. In August and September the goldenrod and Spanish needle transform these prairies again into lakes, surpassing even their former glory, with their brilliant yellow surface stretching from shore to shore. Those that are dry enough to pasture pre- sent a silvery appearance from the abun- dance of boneset. In the adjacent corn- fields, heartsease is plentiful during wet seasons; and on the sandy upland, golden- rod monopolizes the waste land. My management at home has been such that the bees are brought through the white honey harvest short of stores; the honey having gone into the supers. This necessitates feeding for winter; the the expense of whicli, after a poor season, when most of the cash receipts must be invested iu sugar, has sometimes almost made me wish I had never seen a bee. In I. "596 I moved a load of bees to this location of autumn flowers, and secured an average of about forty pounds of comb honey per colony. In addition to this, each hive contained enough honey to last until the next spring. Since then a part of each year's pro- gram has been this "mid-summer outing;" and I have not fed a.iy for winter since I began moving. While the net returns from surplus honey secured by moving have been by no means ilazzling, } et tlie cash realized on the time actually spent makes a per diem wage which, if continuous, would tempt most of us. One year very little surplus was secured, yet if there had been none, the increased amount of brood reared and the filling of the hives for winter would have been ample pay for the time spent in moving. Many have asked why I do not locate per nanently in this prairie region. If I were located there I would need to move here for the early honey flow. When the honey flow ceases here, the sections are removed, and, as far as they will go, ex- tracting supers are ady.isted. If I had enough extracting supers I would ordi- narily extract all the amber honey; yet, as I have no trouble in selling this amber 214 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. comb honey at more that double the price of the same extracted, I have not seen fit to provide extracting supers for all colonies to be used only in Autumn. Any colonies that are very heavy have the heaviest combs extracted to prevent cramping the brood-room. Nev^- swarms that have their brood-nest contracted are given empty combs to complete the set. The bottoms are now fastened to the hive bodies by two nails' driven through the on lath or frame- stuff. Sometimes neither the bottom nor rim are nailed to the hive body, but a lath is nailed on each corner to the bottom, bodies and rim. As there are generally at least two weeks after the close of the harvest here before there would be any great advan- tage in having the bees in their new loca- tion, I sometimes wait for a cool night. Moonlight nights are preferable for moving, but are not necessary — we are U\ iHE HUAD. bottom into the sides of the hive-body. To drive these nails the hives are stood on the back end. The bottoms are left on from year to year, unless there are reasons for taking them off, when they are easily removed. Rims two and one- half inches deep, having the same outside dimensions as the hive, and covered with wire cloth, take the place of the cover. These rims are fastened to the hive body by two long slender wire nails, driven down through the rim into the edges of the sides of the hive. The cover and bot- tom are thus fastened with four nails. Hives having on extracting supers have the stories fastened together by tacking sometimes glad to have even the light of the stars. The time for the journey having been selected, the top screens are put on and all the hive fastening done by daylight except putting on the entrance screens. These screens are fastened to a lath scored opt on the low-er side and are fastened to the hive with two small nails. These nails are partlj' driven into the lath and the entrance screens are distributed be- fore evening, that they may be put on quickly when the bees quit flying. When the top screens are put on, the cover is laid over them and the shade-board put in place again to prevent, if possible, the T4E BKE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 215 bees clustering out. It is quite a task to smoke in the bees of fifty colonies and put on entrance screens during a hot July evening. If the bees are in the hives, as they should be, one person, with an as- sistant to load, can easily close the en- trances and take to the wagon fifty col- onies after the bees quit flying and before dark. If a hive should leak, the hole is plugged and no attention paid to the bees that are outside, unless they are in the driver's way. Bits of comb, not too old, make excellent plugs for leaky hives. It is weil to prepare one or two extra col- onies, to be substituted for any that might leak badly. I have moved on springs and on straw. Springs are preferable, being handier and lighter. When straw is used it is well to use a false rack on top of the straw. This is made of light pieces the length of the hay-rack, spaced at such distances that the cleats of the bottom boards will just catch over their edges. This false rack is simply laid upon the straw and wired to the end sticks of the hay-rack. It holds the hives in place, and requires much less straw, as no individual hive can settle down into the straw. When bolster springs are used the haj'- rack is easily transformed into a bee-rack by nailing on extra boards lengthwise, spaced so as to hold the hives in place by the cleats on the bottom boards. The covers are packed in the lower part of the rack before the bees are loaded. Unless the roads are rough, or the night is very warm, I drive as fast as the horses will walk. Most of my frames are the Hoffman; but the loose, hanging frames go all right without any fastening or attention what- ever. Terhaps if they rested on tin rab- bets then might neefl fastening. I have never seen a frame moved out of place by handling. After frost has killed the flowers the bees are moved home at once. The re- turn trips are made during the day. No screens are now used, as the weather is cool. I brought them home last year without fastening the covers, as the pro- polis held them firmly. Neither do I find it necessary to fasten the covers when hauling to an out-yard in the spring; but care must be taken in load- ing, that the covers of the different hives do not bind or they may be broken loose. Owing to insufficient ventilation and an extremely hot night the first load that I hauled to fall pasture got "hot" when about twelve miles away from home. The)' were set off in a school-yard, the entrances opened, and the journey was not resumed until the next evening. When the bees wedge themselves in the entrance and begin to squeal, it is time to unload and open the hives. Since using the deep screens on top no trouble has been experienced. The risk item has grown less with each trip until it has be- come practically nothing. In the picture used as a frontispiece the fellow in the foreground is myself. The little tent is where the extracting is done. It is also my kitchen, parlor and bed- room while I "batch" it when caring for the bees. The picture shows onl^^ a por- tion of the bee-yard. I had eighty col- onies in that yard when the picture was taken. Nearby is a small lake, where I go fishing and boating when time permits. Tiiis season has been the flattest failure that we have had since I have kept bees. I have read of total failures, but this is the first I have ever experienced, and I have keep bees over fifteen years. I look with more than usual anxiety to the autumn flowers. The hive fastenings described in the fore part of my article are somewhat ob- jectionable, in that nails must be driven into the hives. This year I expect to make frames to hold several hives clamped together, without fastening the individ- ual hives. A bottom frame, so con- structed that it will hold the bottom boards in place and of proper length to fit crosswise in a railroad car, will have holes mortised in just below the corners of each hive. T-shaped posts, formed by nailing a y'z by 3-inch piece (top of the 2l6 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. T) to a i^ by '/& piece (stem of T), length of post to be a little greater than height of hive, upper story and rim for screen, will be dropped down into these holes in such a manner that the stem of the T (the %x>^ piece) will be between the sides of the adjacent hives, and the top of the T will catch over the ends of the hives, i. e., the corners of two adja- cent hives will fit snugly into the corners of the T-shaped post. A light frame, having holes to correspond with the tops of these posts, will be placed on top of the group of hives and drawn down tight against the top of the screens by means of wire loops with sticks. These groups, or clamps, of hives will be placed on the wagon-rack crosswise; which will make the combs run lengthwise of the wagon. This will permit a greater number of hives on the rack one tier high. I would not expect any damage to the combs by being placed lengthwise on the wagon. When placed in a car they will be right. Peru, Ind., July 6, 1900. ETTING GOOD QUEEN CELLS EVEN DURING A DEARTH OF HONEY. BY H. H. HYDE. During the last few years queen rearing has been my hobby, and one of the facts on which I have studied and experi- mented most is the securing of large, well - fed cells; and I have succeeded in doing so even in a dearth. T h e m e t h o (1 I use most, the one I use when honey is coming in, is as follows: I get a set of combs of honey (no brood) and put them in a hive-body. One of these combs, which must be empty, I fill with water, and set next to the wall' I put this set of combs over a bottom-board having an entrance at least "s of an inch deep. Over this entrance is put wire cloth or a piece of tin filled full of nail holes. About 10 a. m. I go to a strong colony, find the queen and set her comb by the side of the hive. I then shake all the bees I can get, and not depopulate the hive too much> onto the frames of honey. An oilcloth and cover is put on, and, if in hot weather, a shade-board also. About 4 p. rn I graft my cells, usually 36 of them, using drone comb in preference to Doolittle cups. These are given to the cell-builders which will, with me, on an average, start 30 cells — often the entire lot. On the day I graft the cells I go to two strong colonies, place a queen excluder over each, and put two frames of unsealed brood in the top stories, so as to call up plenty of nurse bees. The next day, or 24 hours after the cells were started, I go and gently lift the frames containing the cells, allowing as many bees to adhere as will, and place one in each hive, above the excluder, and between the frames of brood, to have the cells built out; the cell-starters being returned to their own hive. This has never failed to give me fine cells when there was any honey com- ing in. The cell-starters, after being left for six hours queenless and broodless are ready for work when cells are given. By giving each cell a large suppl}' of roj'al jelly, and starting them nicely, when everything is exceptionally favorable, I can use the Doolittle method strictly; but unless everything is favorable, I get bet- ter and larger cells by having them start- ed by queenless bees. I have another method which I use when there is a dearth, and it is almost impossible to get cells by any other method. lust before nightfall I go to a strong colony, remove a frame of brood with the queen and set it in an empty nucleus; the other combs containing brood are given to some other colonies to care for. By morning, the bees, being queenless and broodless, are ready for the THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW: 217 grafted Cells, which I give, the number depending on condition. These cells are allowed to remain two days when they are again given to bees made queenless a few hours before; the queen and brood beitig returned to the hive from whence they came. Three days later I give thirty to fifty cells to one colony to care for until ready to hatch; the remaining col- onies having their queens returned as be- fore. While it is a great deal of trouble to rear cells this way it has never failed to give me as good queens as those raised under more favorable conditions. I fully tested this method last fall, rearing queens for six weeks under the most un- favorable conditions and my assistant apiarist complimented me this spring on the large size of the queens found in our nuclei; all being reared late by this last method. .■^s the cells must be taken care of on the tenth day, it will be in order to tell just how I do this. I use an introducing cage made as follows: a block of wood 4 inches long, i inch thick, and ij^ inches wide, has a i '4 -inch hole bored in it V of ail inch from one end. Wire cloth is tacked on each side over the hole, then a '2-inch hole is bored from each end of the block to connect with the large hole The short '2-inch hole is now bored with a 3/^ -inch bit to within 'g of an inch of the large one, making a shoul- der for the cell to rest on. To introduce, place the cell, point down, in the large hole. A piece of perforated metal is put over the end for protection, the other hole being previously filled with candy made of granulated sugar. I very often allow the cells to hatch in a cell-nursery, and put the virgin queens in the introduction cages instead of put- ting in cells, .\rmed with these cages containing queen cells, or virgins, and a lot of mailing cages, I go to my nuclei, and, as I catch the queens, give one of the cages containing a cell or virgin queen; all being done at one and the same operation; it not being necessary to again open a nucleus until another queen has begun laying and is ready to send off. One of the rules I have laid dow-n is to never catch a queen from a nucleus unless I have a queen -cell or virgin to put in at once. If this rule is followed you will never have played-out nuclei. Another thing, I find it always pays to keep enough nuclei so that each queen can pretty well fill the combs with eggs be- fore she is taken away. During the sum- mer months, when we have a long slow flow, we very often give the fourth frame to our nuclei; and more, we extract honey from them; sometimes as much as 40 pounds on the average, or more, dur- ing the season. This always leaves our nuclei strong and ready for winter. We always winter them just the same as full colonies. With the best of management fertile workers will sometimes make their ap- pearance; and, to dispose of them quickly and surely, I go to a nucleus having a laying queen, take the queen and one frame of brood and gently set them in the hive or nucleus containing the fertile workers. I have never lost a queen in this way; and, of course, the fertile work- ers at once disappear. I also use this method in introducing queens from one hive to another in the same yard; and it always works, unless there is a dearth of honey, or the colony is extra strong. In no business are there so many ups and downs, and ifs and ands, as there are in queen rearing; and unless a man is patient, careful and methodical he better let queen rearing alone. Hu'rro, Texas, .\pril 17, 1900. 'HV BEES BUILD QUEEN CICLLS IN THAT PART OF THE HIVE WHERE THE QUEEN CAN'T GO. BY K. R. JONES. Nature has provided that bees will con- struct queen cells when any one of the following conditions exist, viz.: failure 2l8 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. on the part of the queen to deposit as many eggs in such places as the condi- tion of the colony and the strength of the honey flow would indicate there should be, which leads th*; bees to believe that their queen is failing, and thus arouses the superseding impulse; a crowded con- dition of the hive, together with a honey flow, which makes the bees wish to ex- pand their business, consequently the swarming impulse is brought about; or the sudden loss of the queen. This last is only nature's safety-valve to meet ex- treme emergencies; and it was intended by the Creator that queens should be reared under this last named condition only as a last resort. There is no question in my mind re- garding the superiority of queens reared under the superseding or swarming im- pulse. I am sure of it; and, as colonies can be regulated with more certainty, and worked more profitably, when . rearing queens under the superseding impulse, I will confine myself for the present to tell- ing how to bring about that impulse. When the weather is warm, and honey is coming in to meet all daily demands, with a little to spare, I take a sirong, two- story colony, preferably with an old qtieen, having six to ten frames of brcod, most of which should be sealed, fill the lower story with brood, if the colony has not enough brood of its own, go to other colonies and draw frames of capped brood, see that the queen is in the lower story, and then put on a queen-excluding zinc, with the second story on top of that. Now put two frames of haichivg brood, and one frame containing eggs and young larvae, in the middle of the second story (if the colony has not got it you will have to get ihis from other colonies), close the hive and let it remain three days. If honey is not coming in plentifully, a pint of warm syrup should be fed late every evening. I go to the hives the third or fourth day, and nearly always find queen cups started in the second story, and, judging from experience, I imagine the bees are reasoning and complaining some- thing like this: "What can be the mat- ter with mother queen? Here is this comb of young brood, with the last egg just hatched, Net she has not laid an egg in it for three days; and here are these combs of brood nearly all hatched out, and we have cleaned out the cells, but she ha«j not laid in any of them. Plenty of honey coming in, and we are not crowded, either for breeding room or with hone} . She must be failing, or she would not have stepped la3-ing here." I now go and stock fifteen or twenty cups with young V)rood from my best breeder, and place them on either side of the comb containing the young larvae, in the second story, and, judging by the way the bees usually accept them, and complete the cells, I interpret their views like this: "That is just what I thought. Mother is failing, and has laid in these cell-cups and we will have to raise a qiieen to take her place. Here are more than we need, but that does not matter." Now \ou may ask why would they not build queen cells on the young larvae that were in the comb above the zinc? Simply because they were wailing for their sup- posed failing mother to lay in the queen cups, w'hicli she would do if she cverei&\\- 'ng, and there were any queen cups available. See? How identical it is with natural superseding. I have observed closely for several 3'ears and have never seen, nor been able to persuade bees to con.struct, queen cells over worker brood while there were available queen cups in the brood-nest, and their accepted queen was at liberty in any part of the hive. Wlien queen cells are constructed nat- urally in any normal colony it requires the mutual consent of the bees and the queen. The first being on the part of the bees — party of the first ])art — caused by the conditions in the hive and the strength of the honey flow, when they (the bees) will construct queen cups; and second on the part of the queen when she will la}- in the cups prepared by the bees; next, the bees carry out their part by THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 219 feediiior the larv;^ and completinj^ the cells; and last the queen approves it, and, so, does not destroy them. To get cells built in colonies other than those naturally preparing to supersede, or swarm, we create the impulse in the bees to supersede by placing a comb con- taining only eggs and just hatched larvae between combs of hatching brood (which is the most natural place to expect a queen to lay) in the second story over a zinc where the queen can not get to it. The bees, not realizing that it is the zinc that prevents the queen from coming up there to lay, very naturally suspect that their queen is failing, and prepare the cups for her to lay iu, which she always does do in case of natural super- seding. But the queen is 7iot failing and zuould not lay in the cups if she could get to them; so we perform the qiieen's part by budding some cell-cups with ^-oimg larvLc, and place them between the combs of hatching brood, when the bees will complete their part by feeding the larvte and completing the cells; and the queen (with an excluder between her and the cells) doesn't do a thing but approve it. But I hear considerable complaint that the bees will accept only a few cells over a laying queen and a zinc. Yes, and two j'ears ago I visited a young, vigorous, en- thusiastic bee-keeper, who numbered his colonies by the hundred, and who had recently concluded to become a modern queen breeder, and I had been there but a short time when he said: "Jones, I want you to look at these four colonies and tell me what is the matter. I've been trying to get some cells built in upper stories, but they won't do a thing for me." He had already told me that they had got no honey for about a month. 'Have you teen feeding them any? " "No." "Well, I don't have to look at them to tell one thing that is the matter. " But I looked at them, and found only a fair force of bees with but very little brood; they were on the decline, both numerically and in stores. Would any experienced queen breeder expect such colonies to start cell.s? I think not. But I return to those who get a few cells ac- cepted but not as many as they think there should be. Examine your colonies and see if you, too, are not expecting something unreasonable. If considera- ble honey is coming in, and your colonies are properly prepared, they will accept some cells, but the number will be in pro- portion to the number of nurse bees and the amount of brood to be fed. See to it that your cell-building colonies have a strong force of just hatched and hatching bees, and a small amount of unsealed brood at the time you give them the grafted cups, and your experience will be different from mine if you do not get a good catch. With a strong colony of Holy-Land bees I have taken sixty -three perfect cells from one setting of sixty-five cups; but I can not do that well with any other race. The idea seems to be prevalent among some of our queen-breeders that the un- sealed brood on either side of the cell cups is necessary to draw (?) the nurse bees. Mr. Pridgen once said something about cows and milk. Well, if I wanted lots of milk I would want lots of cows, but I would expect to get more milk if their calves were weaned than I would if the calves run at liberty with the cows. You catch? A little young brood and eggs between combs of hatching bees is very essential, because it is in just these comVjs where the bees expect the queen to lay; and the fact that she does not causes them to think she is failing, and the cell-cups with young larvee in them are essential, too, because they are the next thing that you will find in a colony when its queen is failing. You can also bring about the impulse to supersede, and get cells built in single- story colonies, by using a zinc queen-ex- cluding division-board; using one side as a brood-chamber with the queen in it, and the other side the same as a second story to get the cells built in. Shall we prime the cups with royal jelly before furnishing them with larvae? THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. It is only by carrying a thing to the ex- treme that we are enabled to fully realize and appreciate the thing itself. Six years ago, during the height of a good honey flow, I thought to rear some fine queens; and, acting on the principle that if a little was good, more would be better, I primed about fifty cups, each with a lump of royal jelly as large as a large pea. care- fully placed a young larvae in each, and gave them to four of my best colonies to complete. Two days after I looked in and was surprised to find that the food I had put in had most all been removed, and the cups were not drawn out as I had expected to find them. This set me to studying and observing, and the only reasonable conclusion that I could arrive at was that the food with which I had primed the cups was not the proper thing to feed young larval queens with; if it had been, the bees would not have re- moved it. Since then I have used both primed and unprimed cups every year, and watched closely the results, and the bees almost invariably remove all or nearly all of the jelly that I put in, ex- cept when I use a very small amount taken from natural cells the larvae of which were not over thirty-six or forty- eight hours old; and I am not sure that they did not remove the most of that. In these last mentioned cells the amount of priming was so small that I could not miss it. Again, these primed cells did not have as much food deposited in them during the first thirty-six to forty-eight hours, nor were the cups drawn out as uniformly as were those used without priming other than that which was taken with the larvae at the time the transfer was made. It is claimed by our leading queen breeders that both worker larvie and that intended for queens are fed the same kind of food for the first two days, but I have not seen where any one has said that larval queens fotir or iive days old were fed the same kind of food that they were when only one or two days old, nor that the surplus food that was deposited dur- ing the first two days did not undergo a chemical change in the next two or three days. The facts as I have observed them for six years furnish strong circumstantial evidence that the food given the fourth or fifth days is not the same as that given the first and second days, or, that the sur- plus that was deposited the first and second days did undergo a chemical change dunng the next three days, or both. I do not know about this, and would like to be enlightened. Who of us would think that a healthy infant taken from its mother's breast and fed on "blue-John" or buttermilk, or even sweet milk from the cow, would continue to be healthy without nature remonstrating against such violation of her laws. The larv£e used for queen rearing should not be over twenty-four to forty-eight hours old, the younger the better, but it should be fed an abundance of food so that it can be transferred with and on its own bed of jelly without touching the transferring ladle or the bottom of the cell cu^ into which it is put. I am satis- fied that right here is where manj' fail in getting cells accepted. The liny larvae is too delicate to survive after being roughly handled or besmeared with its own food, as that obstructs ihe pores through which it breathes, and it smothers before the bees can clean it up and get its bed properly arranged in its new house. You nmst be able to pick up the larvae proper- ly at o?ie and the first trial, so you can place it in a central position on its food supply, and that without turning it over or moving it. To do this right requires a good eye, the right kind of light, a ladle properly made and a good deal of of practice. To get good larvae for transferring, take a clean comb and place it in the middle of your breeder's brood-nest one to two days before you prepare your col- ony or colonies for cell building; then, when you prejjare your cell-builders, put this comb between the combs of hatching brood in the upper story, and you will have a fine lot of brood just right for THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. transferrin^,' on the third or fourth day. The transferring ladle should be made of No, 12, steel wire, flattened at the end and shaped similar to an ear spoon, but not so large, and bent so it can be inserted in the cell at one side and slid across under the lar%'te, and not scrape up the old cocoons. It should be about 5-64 or 3-32 of an inch in diameter. With the management described in the forepart of this article I can persuade bees to build cells over any queen that has once developed her full egg-laying capacity, but with a young prolific queen I can get better results by putting the whole brood-nest into the second story, and driving the queen below on empty combs. I have said nothing as to whether arti- ficial or natural cell-cups should be used; I use both; but, until some one perfects a revolution in the modern plans of getting the larvie in the queen-cups, I would ad- vise using artificial cups. They are stronger and you can have them when you like, and as many as you like, and where you like. But I have a hankering for something better than transferring larvae. I can get plenty of cell-cups by using a few arti- ficial ones, but the queen won't lay in them unless she is old and is willing to he su])erseded. I can't wait for that. Ves, I can get plenty of natural cell-cups built, and the queen will lay in them, too, but the next thing I've got a swarming scrape on my hands, and I don't stick nmch on that. Where is the queen- breeder who will overcome these dificul- ties and perfect a practical plan whereby I can, by certain manipulations, say to the colony having my best breeder, "I want some queens now and you must prepare the cells;" and to the queen "you must lay in these cell cups as soon as they are ready," and it cometh to pass. This queen breeder's (mis) representative has been in my hat for two or three vears, but I am not fully satisfied with any plan that he has presented to me yet. MiLANO, Texas, April 24, 1900. >v ELGI.AN HARES. SOME OF p-^ THE PROFITS THAT MAY |__JJ BE EXPECTED IN THE BUSINESS. BY DR. BELA COGSHALI,. Editor Bee-Keeper's Review:— I cheerfully respond to your request for a short article on this new and important American industry that is now sweeping over the country, and has assumed such gigantic proportions on the Pacific coast. After spending over four months in Cali- fornia during the winter and spring, visiting the most important rabbitries in Los Angeles, San Francisco, San Jose and Oakland, studying the business as it is carried on there, I made up my mind that it was a safe and profitable industry for anyone to embark in. It does not need a large bank account; but one can engage in the business with a modest sum, and by improving and adding to his stock from time to time can soon find he has a good bank account if he is careful and judicious in this business. We should advise all who desire to start in the business to get the best foun- dation stock money will buy; for there is much more money to be made in high grade stock than poor or medium. It may and does seem to some that it is folly to pay from $200 to fcoo for a choice specimen of the Belgian hare, and yet fortunes are madfe in this way. Several such animals have proven veritable Klon- dikes for the owners. Take, for instance, "Lord Britain," one of the best ever im- ported, the owners assured me that he paid 15 per cent interest on $30,000; or about |5,ooo a year. Were they foolish to pav 5500 for him? They were charg- ing from $50 to 5ioo for his services when I was there. He has since been poisoned and died. Thousands of people, including men, women and children, are engaged in the business in California, and yet it is not overdone, or losing in interest or profit. They have not, as yet, reached a meat basis, and when they do there is a good THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. profit even from this standpoint. The possibilities are not generally understood. Let us look for a moment at the pro- duce of one good doe. She will produce from four to six litters a yea-; say five, average 8 at a litter; this makes 40. Now, say that one-half of these are does. Four of the first litter will breed at six months of age, or twice during the )-ear, making 64. Then the second litter will be old enough to breed once, making 32 more, or 136 in all, the product of one doe. The average weight will be 8 pounds. Is there an}' other food producing animal on earth that can and does multiply its own weight like this? The prices for meat is from 15 to 25 cents per pound, and can be produced at i-6 of that price. Hov.-ever, far more money can be made for a few j-ears in raising fancy imported and pedigreed stock. Take, for instance, this example: We now have an order for ten bred does for December delivery at |2o each, or |2oo. The does to pro- duce these in six months will not cost us over ^75 to 1 100. In two or three months more tliej- will produce a like amount, and so on, and we have the original stock on hand and a lot of bucks that have not entered into the problem. Belgian hare culture, compared with that of poultry, is considered much more interesting as well as profitable. They are easier cared for, require smaller runs, there are no vermin to fight, and but little disease if properly cared for. If every farmer would raise them, as they do chickens, for their own use and profit, they would never regret it. Bee-keepers certainly will do well to combine the Belgian hare with their bee industry' for reasons well set forth in your June num- ber by Prof. Cook. Realizing that the industry was bound to sweep over the whole country, and that our section and state, as well as sur- rounding states, had not as yet been touched, we concluded to embark in the business and be a pioneer. So we had the Flint Belgian Hare Association or- ganized, composed of five good business men, with brains and ample capital to make this the head center of the industry in this section of our great country. To this end we went to Los Angeles, the hub of the industrj' on the coast, procured the services of an expert breeder, who helped me select our foundation stock. I also had the assistance of the president of the Los Angeles Belgian Hare Association, and these gentlemen assure me that our stock is A No. i; nmch belter than the breeders there started with originally. Flint, Mich., July 11, 19:10. EDITORIAL ffcrings The Western Bee-Keeper has been resuscitated and is being published by the Labor Publishing Company, at 2015 Twelfth street, Boulder, Colo. Who is the editor is not told. ^'l^niU'^^'M^^f Brace Combs are sometimes attached to the separators, and when the sections are taken out a piece of comb is pulled out. To avoid this trouble, set the super up on end, look through the spaces, and if any brace-combs are seen, cut through them with a sharp, thin knife; giving the knife a sawing motion. This is an- other of those things that I supposed everybody knew, but Mr. J. T. Hairstou writes as though it was ciuite a discovery to him, and, if so, it may be to some others. *^it«u>f»'*^v» Michigan seems to be having a good honey flow this year. The western states, like Colorado and Arizona, and those that depend upon alfalfa, are having their usual crop. California is having a very small crop. New York not much. Mis- souri, Wisconsin and Minnesota are not getting much honey. Taking it all in all, the supply of white clover and basswood will be very light this year. I learn this from my own correspondence and from the reports in Gleanings. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 223 Heating the uncapping knife in hot water, to make it slip inider the cappings more easily, is considered entirely useless by ;Mr. Dooiittle. He says in the Pro- gressive that he has tried the hot water plan only to lay it aside with disgust. A thin knife will not hold the heat nmch longer than when it touches the honey, while a heavy knife is too bungling. After he got hold of the Bingham un- capping knife he was perfectly happy, as it did its work without the use of any hot watei so long as it was kept sharp. My experience to a T. PRKVENTING THE BITING OF CAPPINGS WHEN REMOVING SURPI^US. Mr. Hairston of Indian Territory, writes me that he finds the bees more loth to leave the supers after the harvest is over than during the honey-flow. It is at this time, that is, after the harvest, that they are inclined to bite the cappings when disturbed. He says that he noticed that they did not bite cappings so long as there was unsealed honey for them to fill up on; taking a hint from this, he pours a little extracted honey on the escape- board, near the escape, when putting the board in place, and in this way he en- tirely prevents the biting of cappings. Another thing: for some reason the bees leave the super more readily when the honey is used. PHOTOGRAPHS WANTED. Inquires still come in asking if my offer of I5.00 for a photograph to use as a frontispiece is still open. Yes, it will be held open until further notice. For any photograph that I think well enough of to use as a frontispiece I will pay 55-oo cash; and for any other that I think well enough of to use in the body of the Review I will send the Review one year and a queen of the Superior Stock. Let the photographs be as large as possible, sharp and clear (lack of this is the great- est fault] and, when possible, have them printed on some kind of glossy paper. The mat surface papers, like the Aristo- Plalino, are beautiful to use in making photographs that are simply to be looked at, but for the purposes of reproduction, the glossy surface gives much better detail. ■ •it»ir»jr^rfHir» Hunting for a queen is peculiar work. Rambler in Gleanings brings out one of those little points that I presume many of us have thought of, but never put into words. In looking for a queen, look for kera.nd for nothiiig else. Every- thing but the queen shoujd be a blank. Mentally, hold her picture in the mind's eye. If we look at the workers and the drones, and " wonder if that is foul brood," we are not very likely to see the queen A woman in Pennsylvania sajs that it is always the "long hind legs" of a virgin queen that she sees first when looking for queens of that class. Come ^to think of it, I believe that is usually the case. *»^t»»;»>i^U»U» introducing queens. The best possible plan for an expert may be a very poor one for a novice. To illustrate: I have for the past two years guaranteed the safe introduction of the queens that I have sold. Last year I ad- vised the caging of the queen against the side of a comb of hatching brood. There were some failures; mostly, I believe, through lack of thoroughness in details — the management was such that the bees burrowed under the cage and released the queen too soon. This year I am advising purchasers to let the bees release the queen by eating out the candy from the end of the shi])ping cage; taking the extra precaution to have all of the brood removed from the colony until the queen begins laying. The failures are very few, indeed. I think, however, that the only really infallible method is to release the queen upon combs of hatching brood, with no bees present except the young bees that hatch from the combs, 224 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Measuring Beks' Tongues is a sub- ject that is beiiii^ stirred up by Gleanings. J. M. Rankin of our Agricultural College is working at it. He finds the tongues of the Italians much longer than those of the blacks. E. R. Root has been meas- uring the tongues of bees sent him by different breeders, and he finds little difference — about 15-100 of an inch seems to be the average. If the bees could work on red clover it would often be of advantage, aud Prof. Green of the Ohio experiment station, suggests going to work upon the other end of the problem • — shortening tjie length of the tubes of the clover blossoms. He would do this by selection. I believe Hasty tried some- thing in this line years ago, but the ten- dency of the plant to revert to its old habit was too discouraging. Such changes as these require years to make them permanent. »^*^^^^»it»»^ SOME POINTS IN PEDDLING HONEV. • Mr. J. C. Stewart of Hopkins, Mo., has had quite a little expeiience in peddling honey. In a letter to me he gives a few interesting points; some of which are as follows: When he goes to a town he goes pre- pared to stay two weeks, if necessary; taking along a change of clothing. In- stead of stopping at a hotel, he hunts up some boarding house where he can get board at about I3.00 a week, and pay for the same in honey. In canvassing for orders he offers his prospective customer a taste of honej'. If there is any hesi- tancy in getting a spoon, he takes a square of paper from a pad that he carries, and pours a small quantity upon the square of paper. He also carries a damp cloth in his pocket to clean the jar if it becomes sticky. If they begin to talk about adulteration and imitation honey, he draws from his pocket a photograph of his apiary, showing himself in the yard, which seems to create an impression that he must be a "sure enough" be« man. In taking orders he writes down simply the street and number, not bother- ing to get names. He canvasses two days, and then delivers. Before starting out to deliver he takes a piece of paste- board and draws a map of the district in which he has to deliver, marking out the streets and numbers where he has to call and the amounts to deliver, thus being able to lay out a route to the best advantage. l/'lM%^Ai(^\K^tA I.ITTLE SIDE-DISHKS AT THE CONVENTION. The Chicago convention will soon be here. The rates will be the lowest, the location is in the heart of the best bee- keeping region of this countr}-. There is always a crowd at Chicago. A friend of mine living out in California, Mr. E. M. Cole, writes to me in regard to what he considers a very important part of the convention, although it is not always so regarded. He says that our bee journals are filled with most excellent matter, but they don't always make clear every little point that may be essential to success. At the convention we meet face to face, and three words sometimes clears up a point that the printed page leaves in obscurity. We also meet the man who doesn't write for publication. Perhaps he will not even talk in public; but in the quiet chat at meal time, or in the evening stroll, if you are a little skilled in drawing a man out, he will let the light into many a dark place and smooth many a rough spot in your path. THE COMING CHICAGO CONVENTION. I would like to remind the readers of the Review that the next convention of the National Bee-Keeper's Association will be held in Chicago, 111., on the 28th, 29th and 30th of August next, commenc- ing on Tuesday evening, the 28th. The sessions will be held in Wellington Hall, No. 70 North Clark street, about a block and a half from the American Bee tHE BEB KEEPERS* REVIEW 225 Journal oflice, and five blocks directly north of the court house. The hotel at which delegates may secure lodging, etc., is the Revere House, on the south-east corner of Clark and Michigan streets, only half a block from the hall. Rates of lodging will be 50 cents per night, and the proprietor of the hotel has assured Mr. York that good beds will be fur- nished, but that several will have to occupj- the same room; and, although this hotel may not accomodate all the bee-keepers, the proprietor will do his best to see that it does. Each one should secure a lodging place as soon as possi- ble after reaching the city. The program for the convention will probably consist of one paper each ses- sion, and the balance of the time will be occupied in the asking, answering and discussion of questions. The papers will be by such well-known writers as Dr. Howard, of Texas; Thos. W. Cowan, of London, England; Mrs. Acklin.of Minn.; A. F. Moore, of 111.; R. C. Akin of Colo.; and S. A. Niver, of X. Y., and the ques- tion box will be in charge of such veter- ans as Hon. R. L. Taylor, of Michigan; D. \V. Heise, of Ontario, Can.; Geo. W. York, Dr. Miller and C. P. Dadant, of 111.; O. O. Poppleton, of Florida; and Rev. E. T. Abbott, of Mo. I have not yet been able to learn what the rail rates will be, but as the conven- tion is to be held on the same week as the G. A. R. encampment, it is probable that the rates will be the same as usual; one and one-third fare for the round trip from some localities, one fare from other localities, and i cent per mile each way in the Central Passenger Association ter- ritory. The rates may be learned at any railroad station a,s soon as the agents get their instructions. A. B. M.\SON, Secretary. P. S. — It is possible that our friend, Geo. W. York, of 118 Michigan street, will be willing to secure lodging places for those who may desire it, if they will write him .\T i,K.\sr \ month before the couveution, enclosing not i^ESS than two stamps for reply. This did not occur to me in time to consult with Bro. York about the matter, and I mav be getting myself into trouble, but I'll run the risk for the sake of the delegates; but don't FORGET THE ST.\MPS if you want to keep out of trouble yourself. ■ ^^^'M^^" a^H." THIC INFLUENCE OF LOCALITY. This matter of locality and the part that it plays in bee-keeping is really be- coming a chestnut; but it needs cracking just the same. Anything in the nature of a paradox, or that appears mysterious, is at once charged up to locality. In many in.stances the inference is correct. To illustrate: Hol}^ Land bees' are not liked here at the North. They are great breed- ers. So long as there is honey in the hive they will keep on rearing brood. We don't wish any such characteristics here in the North. When the harvest is over we wish breeding to stop. We don't care to rear a horde of useless consumers. In the South, in Cuba, for instance, the harvest comes in the winter, or what cor- responds to our winter, and it is very de- sirable that the colonies shall be popu- lous at that season of the year. To ac- complish this. Holy Land bees exactly fill ihe bill. Thus you see, in one locality one strain of bees is desirable, but another is not. In some other locality the con- ditions are reversed. Again, here at the North, where our main harvest comes early and is of short duration, small brood-nests are desirable. In the South, or where the harvest is prolonged through the whole summer, large brood-nests find favor. Then there is the wintering prob- lem that is ever with us here at the North. In the Sjuth, chafT hives, and bee-cellars, and the like, are of no interest whatever. California and Colorado have conditions and sources of honey- flow that are en- tirely different from those of Michigan and Canada. The fundamental princi- ples of bee-keeping are ever the same, but localities differ; they differ so much that a bee-keeper going from Michigan 226 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. to Cuba, or to Texas, and attempting to carry on bee-keeping as he has done at ^is old home, would be sadly left. In reading our bee journals, and at- tempting to profit by the advice they con- tain, we should ever have in mind this matter of locality. The experience, and views and advice of M"-. Doolittle may be all right for New York, and Ontario and Michigan, and some of it may be all right for Florida or California, but not all of it. Then there is another point: the more thoroughly a m.an understands his own locality, the greater his chances for suc- cess. He must know at exactly what time in the season to look for the differ- ent honey-flows. It may seem incredi- ble, but I have had bee-keepers come to me to buy sections, come in great haste and a heart filled with enthusiasm, the bees were "just piling in the honey," and the owners had only discovered it, and the basswood honey harvest was com- ing to a close. These men did not even know ivhere the honey was coming from. Of course, this is an extreme case, but not so very exti eine as some of you may think. A man ought to know what strain of bees to keep, what size and kind hive and fixtures to use, when to take his bees from the cellar, if he winters them in the cellar, whether to protect them on the summer stands when he takes them out, and, if so, in what manner, whether to feed in the spring, whether to unite be- fore the harvest, whether to shade his hives and how, when to put on the sec- tions, and so on through the whole season, he should know, as nearly as it is possible for him to learn, exactly what is best adapted to his particular locality. In reading articles in the bee journals he should always ask himself: "Does this apply to my locality?" To the one who will send me the best article on this subject, between now and September ist, I will send I5.00 in cash. To the writer of any article, not the prize article, that I think well enough of to publish, I will send a queen of the Su- perior Stock and the Review for one year. SIZE OF FRAMES AND HIVES FOR EXTRACTING HONEY. There is no subject concerning bees upon which so much has been written as about hives. The great diversity of opinions makes it a dangerous topic; nevertheless, I am going to lay before my readers some brief opinions of a few experienced bee - keepers. How they came to express these opinions came about in this way: Mr. Aaron Snyder, of Kingston, N. Y., wrote last spring to several bee-keepers, asking if they were starting entirely new in the business, and going to run the bees entirely for ex- tracted honey, what size frame and size hive they would choose. He asked for views concerning the Draper "barns." He has sent some of the replies to me and I make the following extracts: — Would use the Draper barns. F. A. Salisbury. Ten-fraine Langstroth, and then tier-up. G. M. Doolittle. I would use the Heddon hive. I don't take any stock in the Draper barns. W. Z. Hutchinson. Farwell. Mich., April 17, 1900. Aaron Snyder, Kingston, X. ¥.: Dear Sir — In order not to lose money, one must not exchange fixtures mucli. One hive is as good as another for ex- tracting. All that is necessary is to pile them up as fast as they need more room. Respectfully, T. F. Bingham, Hamilton, 111., April 6, 1900. Aaron Snyder, KingsWu, N. Y.: Dear Sir — Replying to your inquiry, if I were to begin over again, I would use a hive with a frame exactly the size of that in the Draper barn. This hive is originally known as the Dadant-Blatt hive and is much in vogue in Switzerland. We don't like the Draper barn itself because the cap and cover are fitted on in the same way as the dovetailed lii\e. We prefer a telescoping cap, which makes a more expensive hive, but a very much better hive, for all pui poses, as- usage does not give it a chance to gap open and give passage to robbers. Yours respectfully, Chas. Dadant. tHE BEE-KEEfERS' REVIEW. 227 Starkvili.e, N. v. April 4, 1900. .laroii Snyder, Kings ton, N. )'.: Friend Snyder — Your favor of yes- terday came lo-iiighl. In reply will say thai i am well suited with our frame, 1 7 X 1 1 '4 outside. Were I to change it, I should make it shorter. We use seven to eight frames. Seven to winter on. For extracting we use mostly frames about 8 inches deep, to set on top and tier up. We use a zinc excluder, and drive the bees down \\\\.\\ smoke, removing the en- tire story. Were I to change I would make the frame shallower. We formerly used barns — barn-roof and all. We could draw eleven or twelve of them on a two- horse load. Now we draw three times as many with the same size brood-nest. Yours truly, P. H. Elwood. L.VPEER, Mich., April 7, /900. ^■laro)i Snyder, A'ii/gs/on, JV. }'.: Friend Snyder — Yours of the 4th inst., asking what sort of hive and frame I would choose for extracting only, is re- ceived. In my view, for extracted honey, the size of the hive and frame is not very important — the smaller the hive, gen- erally speaking, the larger will be the number required to stock the field. I should not in any case want a hive so large that, as a rule, more honey would be stored in the brood-chamber than I desired there for wintering. For this reason, in this locality, the Draper is too large. If the hives were to be handled much I should want closed end frames. If compelled to choose at once, my first choice would be the Ileddon; second, lo-frame Langstroth. \'erv respectfully yours R. L. Tayi.or. Loyel.\nd, Colo., April 23, 1900. Aaron Snyder, Kings fan, N. )'..• I-'riend Snyder — I am afraid I can- not answer positively your inquiry. I thi-tk I would adopt a shallow, divisible brood-chamber hive (my own invention of course), but somewhat different from the Heddon. Could tell you more about it if you were enough interested. What I would adopt would depend somewhat on circumstances — whether I wanted to practice some peculiar system, make my own hives, or depend on the factory. I succeed well with the tlivisible chamber, but it requires a different management from others. Am using 8, 9 and 10 L- frame hives, also the .\merican hive, and the .\merican made into a divisible shal- low chamber, two sections of the shallow equaling one regular full depth American. Most of the extracting is from the Ameri- can hives (both full and half depth brood frames), extracting only from the full depth and u.sing the shallow ones for brood, and while this is not a suitable hive for comb it is very good for extract- ed. The deep brood duunber, either sec- tional or deep frame, is a good wintering and brooding hive, I think a little better than the L-frame. I should consider the "barn" a good wintering and brooding hive but too cumbersome, but I have not tried it. i lean toward the shallow frames for both brood and extracting, but it is but fair to say I have not tried the shallow extracting frame, and while the sectional hive is nn' choice for brood I might not like such for extracting. The "barn" frame is ^cc /?>/> to handle in the extractor. RespectfuUv, R. C. AiKiN. ii^*»»^^t»*»jr« THE TREATMENT OF NEW BEE JOURNALS. The death of a bee journal a few months ago has been followed by a variety of comments in some of the other journals. Some of these criticisms have been writ- ten in a spirit that seemeth to say: "It's good enough for you. You ought to have knovvn better than to have started a bee journal." Other journals have con- demned this style of comment. My own opinion is that the death of a bee journal furnishes a fitting opportunity for point- ing out the folly of embarking in such an enterprise, but it should be done in a kindly manner. There certainly is no need of any more bee journals. The field is well covered; perhaps overstocked. If I should sell the Review to day, the last thing that I would think of doing would be that of starting another bee journal; and I cer- tainly would be in a better position to make a success of it than would some man who had had no experience in that line. If Bro. York should sell the American Bee Journal, I doubt if be would ever think of such a thing as starting another bee journal. I doubt if there is a pub- lisher of a bee journal in this country who would not find it well nigh impossi- The BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ble, even with his present capital and ex- perience, to start in and build up a new journal. If this be true, what can a novice expect? The birth, growth and prosperity of existiug journals have re- sulted from a peculiarly appropriate com- bination of men, time and circumstances. A successful bee-keeping editor must possess several characteristics. To under- stand bee-keeping alone will not suffice. Even a college education may not make of a man a good school teacher. In the making of an editor there must be edi- torial instinct. To this ought to be joined a knowledge of printing and some taste in typograp'.iy. This last is not so important, as good printers can be hired. I have, however, known of a bee journal . being started because the owners of some job office thought they could pririt it so cheaply! It is much easier to learn the printer's trade than it is to learn bee- keeping. I think that in justice to ourselves, and to those who may be thinking of starting a bee journal, it should be made known that at present there is really no demand for another bee journal- that to establish one would require an outlay of time, energy, skill and capital that, if invested in some other business, would bring far greater returns. Having said all this, it must be admit- ted that this is a free country. If a man believes that he can make a success of bee journalism, he has a perfect right to put his time, talents and money into that business. We ought not to encourage him to start; but, if he ivill do it, there is a certain ajiount of courtesy due him as a brother publisher. I know of an ex- editor of a bee journal who would not allow even tb.e name of a new rival to ap- pear in his journal. We need not ex- change advertising space with a new journal unless we believe it to be to our advantage to do so; there is no call for us to pat the new editor on the back and urge him on to spend his last dollar in what we believe to be a losing venture, but the courtesies extended to a iournal ought not to hi proportioned according to its age or prosperity. No one ever lost anything by being polite, or even kind, to the new journal; and sometimes the new journal succeeds in spite of predictions to the contrary, and then the past favors be- come as bread cast upon the waters. The old, established journals can afford to be magnanimous in this matter. It creates a much better impression even among their own readers than does a course that savors of jealousy and selfishness. Don't encourage them to start; but, if they do enter the ranks, their position entitles them to our editorial courtesy. EXTRACTED. DR. MILLER'S "GOBACKS." Supposing That Everybody Knows What We Know. 1 supposed that everybody, or almost everybod}-, took off the supers of comb honey as soon as nearly all of the sections were completed, sorted them over, put- ting the unfinished sections into an empty super until it was full, and then placed it on a hive for the bees to com- plete the sections. I have written about this, although I have never placed any special stress upon it, as I supposed it to be a general practice. The following ex- tract from an article in Gleanings shows how this plan struck even so well in- formed a man as Editor Root. He says: While I was visiting Dr. C. C. Miller at his home, he and his sister Emma quite incidentally made reference to their " goback " colonies and " goback sec- tions." Said I, with eyes staring wide open, "I should like to know what new- fangled thing you are referring to." "Gobacks," said the doctor; "haven't lever told about them in the journal?" "You have not," I said — "at least I do not remember seeing any reference to them." It seems that, in taking off their combs of houey, they remove the supers when THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 229 most of the sections are completed. These are taken to the house, and the filled sec- tions are set to one side to be scraped and cased; but the unfinished ones '"j^o back" into the same or another super. There may be one or perhaps a hundred or so of supers with partly filled sections, and these are all desij^nated as "gobacks." They are either placed on top of other supers that are being built out from foun- dation, or upon colonies that seem to show a special aptitude for finishing up "gobacks." In looking over Dr. ^Miller's hive record book I found there were certain colonies that had produced so many filled sections and finished up so many "gobacks." These "gobacks" are are all ])laced on the hives before the hoiiey-flow eeases; so when the season is over, Dr. Miller has nothing but No. i filled sections without any unfinished ones, or practically none, to be extracted, to be sold for less mone3', or to be filled out after the honey-flow by feeding back— a wasteful, laborious, and disagreeable job, because all has to be done during the robbing season. Of course, there is nothing particularly new about placing unfinished sections on the hives, to be filled out; but, if I mis- take not, the general practice is to place such sections on the colonies after the honey-flow. Another interesting fact to me was that some colonies are much better for finish- ing "gobacks" than for filling sections from the foundation — that is to say, when work is apparently started or almost fin- ished, those colonies show a special apti- tude for cotnpletitii^ work, Vjut they are not so much inclined to start on raw foundation as some other colonies in the j-ard. It seems that the Miller family has a way of finding out the peculiarities of each colony, and those peculiarities are recorded in the record-ljook; and if the queen is still in the hive next year, that queen and her bees are devoted to a special kind of work — it may be to filling out "gobacks," to running for extracted honey, if the honey is tiavel-stained, water-soaked, or discolored, or to produc- ing comb hone}' from foundation at the start. The colony that is good both at producing honey and finishing "gobacks" is given light work, and :ts queen is used for a breeder. Queer, is it not? that a prolific writer like Dr. Miller should not have told us about his "gobacks;" and yet I suspect this matter is like a good many of the other hundred and one tricks of the trade that he knows, and supposes we all know. The word "goback" is suggestive, and worth coining, and you may be sure it will be used in the forthcoming edition of our ABC book. This plan of the doctor's is one that I have always practiced, and it certainly greatly lessens the number of unfinished sections that will be left at the end of harvest. This is one of those cases that illustrate so well the fact that we are in- clined to suppose everybody knows what we have known and practiced for years. We feel that it isn't wortJi telling, be- cause it would be no news. This shows that it is a good thing for even editors to travel about the country and visit bee- keepers. Not only will they find new things that the bee-keeper supposed were old, but things always strike a stranger differently than they do a man who has been acquainted with them all of his life. The stranger takes a different view of things. He sees them in a different light that may bring out valuable points that had been unnoticed by the owner. I cannot close without saying a word or two in regard to characteristics of differ- ent colonies. It is exactly as the Miller family has found it. Some colonies are excellent honey gatherers, but poor comb builders. Some build lots of burr combs. Some cap their honey poirl)-. Some are excellent comb builders, but may not be very good at gathering honey. I work exactly as the doctor does; that is, I note down on the hive cover, or back of the hive, each peculiarity as it is discovered. I soon learn that there are some colonies upon which it is worse than useless to put on any "gobacks." Then there are others that seem to be peculiarly adapted to just this kind of work. CO.MB FOUNDATION. Tlie Tliickness of Us Different Parts, ;in(l the Influence Upon the Finished Coinl>. Prof. C. P. Gillette, of the Colorado .Agricultural College, has made what is probably one of the most extensive and THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. scientific series of experiments to prove how bees utilize a.id manage the wax that is furnished them in comb foundation; and he has pubhshed a bulletin of 28 pages in which these experiments are de- scribed, illustrated and explained by means of numerous tables, cuts, etc. Very few people will take the time to wade through these tables in an attempt to learn the lesson they are supposed to unfold, and, for this reason. Prof. Gillette has done a very sensible thing: in the back part of the pamphlet he has devoted nearly two pages to a "Summarv' of the More Important Conclusions;" which I take great pleasure in copying. They are as follows: — Bees use freely the wax in foundation to extend both the midrib and the cell walls of honey comb. The heavier the foundation used, the heavier, as a rule, will be the comb built upon it. If the midrib of a foundation is much lighter than that of natural comb, the bees are likelvto strengthen it by adding wax to the bottom of the cells. If the midrib of the foundation is thicker than the midrib of natural comb, it will result in a comb with a midrib thicker than the natural. Or, to state it differentlv, the bees will not thin the midrib of a foundation down to the thick- ness of worker comb built in the natural way. Midribs oi foundation that are not more than .17 of a millimeter (.007 inch) in thickness, are thinned little or none by the bees. Drone comb has a thicker midrib and heavier cell walls than worker comb. A foundation with a heavv midrib and very slight cell walls, will still produce a comb with heavv cell walls. Very high cell walls in foundation are not cut down to the thinness of cell walls in natural comb. The thin and extra thin and the "1899" deep-cell foundations produce a comb that approximates very closely the light- ness of that which is naturally made by the bees. When heavv foundations are used, the extra weight of the comb built upon them is due more to the extra weight of the cell walls than to the heavier midrib. When verv light foundations are used, the somewhat heavier comb is due almost entirely to the midrib being heavier than that of natural comb. When foundations containing an abund- ance of wax to build the entire comb are used, the bees still add much more wax, sometimes nearly enough to build the comb without the help of the wax in the foundation. Wax seems to be given with the best econonn' when the midrib of the founda- tion is of the thickness of the midrib of natural comb, and when there is a small, or at most a moderate, amount of wax in the cell walls. Poorly attached combs in sections seem to be more the result of weak colonies and poor honey-flow than to the kind of starter that is used; though large start- ers and strips of foundation in the bottom of the sections do help to strengthen the union of comb to the section. Separators between the sections are essential to the best results in producing comb honey. The thicker the comb, whether natural or artificial, the greater the proportion of hone\' to wax in it. In natural worker comb, one inch thick, the proportion of wax to honey is between 1 to 20 and I to 25 by weight. ROBBER BEES. h is Well to Avoid Trouble, but Danger from Robbers is often Exaggerated. The management of bees during a time when they will rob is something that calls for experience and good judgment. It is very unpleasant to have the bees so educated that they will follow the bee- keeper about, ready to pounce into a hive the moment it is opened. On the other hand, a bee-keeper ought not to believe that he cannot open a hive at a time when bees will rob. Eor excellent ad- vice on this subject I have seen nothing better than the following article by C. Davenport, in the American Bee Journal: In the long ago, when I was young in years, and in bee-keeping also, I spent considerable time in anxiously watching hives when young bees were rushing in and out during their exercise or play- .spell, wondering if it was not a case of robbing. The subject of robbing was in those davs a sort of nightmare affair with THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 231 nie, and I was always dreading and ex- pecting a desperate case of it to com- mence, and when fmalh- two or three weak, and what I now know to have been qneenless colonies, were cleaned out by robbers, I thonght I had at last discovered the cause that might prevent me acquir- ing great wealth with bees, and that it must be this same cause which had pre- vented old, experienced bee-keepers from becoming rich, for, in those paliTiy days of youth, it seemed to me that, barring some great uuforseen calamities of this kind, it would be an easy matter to make a great amount of money with bees, be- sides fully enjoying all those things which we would not sell for mone}' if we coidd. But if whole colonies were to be wiped out by robbers in such a short time that I hardly knew anything about it un- til the whole affair was over, it changed the appearance of the prospects. No\>', I do not suppose there are any at present who hold such exaggerated views in regard to our pursuit, or who dread robbing as I did in those days, but pos- sibly some who have not Deen long en- gaged in our fascinating, if not wealth- acquiring, pursuit may be interested in what I shall say on the subject of robbing, for I remember how eagerly I then read everything I could find regarding it. This was considerable, but it seemed to me the writers treated the matter in an awed, scared way, giving warnings not to do anything to incite it, vaguely hinting at the great danger a bad case entailed. Brief accounts of how bands of frenzied robber-bees had attacked and killed almost all kinds of domestic animals, and in one or two cases thev had sacrificed human life itself to their blind, unreason- ing rage: and what dismayed me the mo-t, was what was said about the colon- ies in large yards robbing and fighting until the greater ])3rt were destroyed. The subject was not an assuring one as then treated, most particular caution be- ing given not to throw a drop of honev or anything sweet where the bees would have access to it during a time of scarcity, or when no honey was coming in. Two years ago last fall, at a time when not a drop of honey was to be had in the fieUls. and as the j^eneral expression would V)e, "bees were just crazy to rob," while shoveling honey out of the cellar one day. I smiled grindy as I thoueht of this warninir. for there were nearly 200 colonies within a few rods. "Shoveling hotiey out of the cellar" causes a gasp of amazement to a young lady leaning over my shoulder, then follows such a volley of questions that I retreat across the way to my bachelor den, where I am safe from interruptions of this kind. But perhaps I should explain that this honey was stored in a room over the cellar; it was in a large alcohol barrel, about 500 pounds of fine mixed clover and bass- wood. The barrel got to leaking, and be- fore I knew it the honey was all in the cellar which had a dirt floor. I shoveled out three or four wagon loads of honey mixed, wdiich the bees industriously worked over, and no trouble with robbing occurred; in fact, if I have any broken comb, sticky frames, or anything else that I want cleaned up, bees are allowed to do the work whether honey is coming in or not, and with me full colonies worth saving protect themselves from all robbers that ever mass together and attack them, and with no precaution taken except in some cases to contract the entrances; that is, after they have had their first clean.sing flight in the spring. The only actual tiouble and loss I have had on ac- count of robbing has occurred when the hives were first set out in the spring, when the number of colonies wintered in cellar is so large they can not be, or if for any other reason they are not, all put out the same day, there is danger, under some conditions, of those set out first robbing the ones put out later. Bees usually will not make much effort to defend their hive from attack until after they have had their first flight in the spring, and by the time this is over the robbers may be at work in some hives in such force that there is apparently but very little effort made afterwards to repel them. An old idea, and one largely believed, is that after bees have concentrated in large numbers to secure any sweet that may have been exposed, or when a queen- less colony has been overcome and cleaned out, the whole mass then, if noth- itig better offers, throw themselves upon some one colony, which even if a strong one may not be able to repel them. This is entirely erroneous, and it is well that it is, for if they did make a determin- ed attack en masse, half or more of the colonies in a yard might be destroyed in a short time, but the way they really do, after whatever they have been at work on is about gone, is to .scatter or divide up and look for more. Single bees, and in a few cases I have seen about a dozen, attempt at nearly the same time to enter some hive with an unusuallv large en- trance, or one which does not seem to be as well guarded as others; but if thev get in at all they are soon dragged out again. Meanwhile, the whole yard mav appear 232 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW to be getting in an uproar, great masses of bees may cluster on the top and around the sides of hives that are tiered up on some colonies, a great number of bees may be flying in and out of the hives which seem so strongly attacked, and many a novice might think the matter was beyond his control, and imagine ruin staring him in the face. I have seen even old, experienced bee- keepers get excited, and spraj^ and throw water on these hives on which robbers were clustered in a frenzied attack, but if a close observation is made it will be seen that these apparently frenzied bees take good care to keep out of the en- trance. If one more venturesome than the rest does get in it is roughly handled. The bees flying in and out so lively are bees that belong to that hive, and they are ready to fight to the death if necessary to defend their stores. A colony of average strength, if in normal condition, will, before succumb- ing to robbers, make such a fight that it would always be remembered by one who witnessed it; and it is something I feel safe in saying, but very few have ever seen, after a whole yard has, as the novice would thhik, begun robbing, it is in reality only the colonies as a whole be- coming waked up to the fact that some- thing unusual is taking place, and thej' are flying around to find out what it is. Then a general call to repel boarders fol- lows, and in a few days things quiet down, with no harm done. Still, as a matter of fact, I think it much better to avoid as much as possible all disturbances of this kind in a yard, especially late in the fall, for it excites and worries large numbers of bees, and this may do harm by impairing their vitality to endure the long confinement of winter. But whenever I wish to handle a colony for any purpo.se, such as taking out or exchanging frames, I always do so without any regard what- ever as to robbing, no matter whether a drop of honey is coming in or not. In some cases hundreds of robber-bees will get into the hives and on the combs of the colony being handled, i)ut after the hive is closed up they are soon expelled and others prevented from entering. No precaution is taken except to contract the entrance more or less, depending up- on the weather and strength of the colony. I do not advise others to do so, but I have practiced this for years with no bad results. With nuclei the case is different. I have reference to full colo- nies, though they maybe pretty weak and still repel robbers if in normal condition. In regard to robbing in the spring when bees are first put out, as before mentioned, there is an easy way to over- come this. Simply smoke the colonies already out enough so the bees will fill themselves with honey. It is ver\' quickly and ea.sily done, does not harm the bees, and no robbing will be at- tempted until the honey in their honey- sacs has been put back in the comix's, and they will be some time doing this, but it isonly under exceptional conditions that robbing in the spring is likely to be started. What these conditions are I would be glad to explain for the benefit of the inexperienced, but I fear I have already gotten outside the space I am allowed in one article. Southern Minnesota. MORE NEW INVENTIONS. Do we Need Them in the Management of Bees? I believe I have said that we need not look for many more startling inventions in our business. The movable comb hive, the honey extractor, comb foundation, the bellows smoker and the section honey box were grand and important inven- tions. I don't wish to discourage inven- tion, but I don't look for many more improvements as important as the ones I have mentioned. At the last meeting of the California bee-keepers Mr. J. H. Mar- tin read a paper upon this subject, and from it I extract the following para- graphs: ISvery bee-keeper recognizes that in order to get the most profit out of the bees, the business must be conducted up- on a large scale. We have examples in nianv portions of the country where the owner of many apiaries and at least a thousand colonies of bees are the ones that are deriving the greatest profit from them, and the profit is increased accord- ing as they adopt short cuts in the labor and where hired help is dispensed with as far as possible. • While working our bees for extracted honey our present method of removing each frame separately and Ijrushing the bees therefrom, and stirring them up to a high state of anger may be classed as a primitive and roundabout way of manage- ment. THK BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 233 I will oulliiie some work that is beinjf done aljiig this line with some ilegrees of snccess. In the first place a shallow super is requiie I. If the cover is quietly removed from such a super and a clolli saturated with a sululion of carbolic acid is spre.id over it the bees, having a dislike to the odor, will soon leave the super and it can be removed. Or a shallow super that is fitted with close end frames that cm be held firmly in place can be rid of the bees by a peculiar method of shaking. The Porter bee-escape has been recom- mended by some bee-keepers, but it is too slow in its operation, and on that ac- count should be discarded for this par- ticular purpose. Then, when the exegencies of the time demand, we will have a machine for un- capping the hone}'. 1 have gone so far with some experiments in this line that I am (luite sure that a machine can be con- structed that will uncap six or eight combs in just a few seconds; or, in other words, you touch the button and the ma- chine will do the rest. When a bee-keeper can uncap a num- ber of combs as quickly as he can one side of one comb there is a distinct gain in time, and a consequent reduction in the cost of production. .■\n ordinary two-frame honey extractor will, when the combs are well filled with honey, enable us to extract ten pounds at one operation; and 10 double this amount the four-frame extractor has been intro- duced; but now we need in a large apiar\', and to follow the lightning uncapping machine, an extractor that will enable us to extract 100 pounds at one operation, and nearh- as rapidly as one man can ex- tract ten pounds with a small machine. The labor then woul 1 in a great measure be with the care of t le honey, getting it into cans and to market. I also certainly expect that the automo- bile will play an imjjorlant part in honey production. There is no bee-keeper who feels safe to drive a .spin of horses near a bee-ranch, except in the night, and we learn of the death of horses every year frotn the stings of angrv bees. The auto- mobile will enable the bee-keeper to ap- proach, or pass directly through, the apiary with his load of a])pliances and honey at any seasonable hour; and. as I pointed out in a recent article in dlean- ings in Bee Culture, the automobile can be used for a variety of purposes in the apiary, running a saw, running the ex- tractor or anything where light power is needed. Franklin's printing press was a crude aflair but it answered the purpose when Franklin was a printer, and the circula- tion of pipers was limited, but Franklin's press would mike a sorry show beside tile mo lern lightning press; but the bee- keeper's interests are not so extensive, like the making of ne A'sp ipers, and in- ventors will not give their time to the inventioa of appliances that will have but limited sale; bat we m ly be quite sure that if the bu-iiness had warranted it, such rapid manipulation as I have out- lined would have been in use long ago. When we further consider the subject of new inventions for the apiar}' and its management, we find that there is room for improvement in every line of our work. The smoker with which we sub- due our bees is too large and cumbersome to operate with dispatch. In fact, with any of our bellows smokers quite a per- centage of our time is spent in working the bellows. My ideal .smoker would be not overlarge, and with it I would have a propi-r prepared fuel, and it should be self-operating: and so arranged that both hands of the bee-keeper can be used in the manipulation of the hive while the smoker is doing its part automatically. We need new and fancy packages for small amounts of honey, something that cm be sold on the street and on the lines of transportation. Such a package was sent to me some time ago and it worked like a charm. The honev could be eaten from it as it was held in the hand, but there was a strong objection to the material it was made from. It was made from the same material that forms the covering for sausages. Such material is all right when applied to sansayes, but there is an evident unfitness of things when applied as a receptilce for honey. The foregoing improvements I think will occupv the attention of bee-keepers in the near future and greater than these will certainly be developed ii the exegen- cies of our industry demand. NEW BOOKLETS. The Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway is issuing a series of booklets regarding points of interest along its lines, and if you are intere.sted in the western country, or contemplating a trip, write Gko. H. Heaki-ord, General Passenger Aijent, Chicago, 111., for the special publication desired, enclosing four cents in stamps for postage for each one. No. I. The Pioneer Limited. No. 2. The Land of Bread and Butter, 2J4 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. No. 3. No. 4. Woods. No. 5. No. 6. No. 8. Country. No. 9. No. 1 1. No. 12. City. No. 13. try. No State No. 15 14. The Fox Lake Country. Fishing in the Great North The Lake Superior Country. Cape Nome Gold Diggings. Summer Days in the Lake Summer Homes, 1900. The Game of Skat. Milwaukee— The Convention A Farm in the Timber Coun- Stock Raising in the Sunshine Hunting and Fishing. Honey Quotations. The following rales for grading honey were adopted by the North American Hee Keepers' Afisoeiation, at its Washinffton meeting, and, no far as pohsihle, i)iii>tatii'usare made according to these rnloH . Fancy.— \11 BertionR to he well filled ; comlis sti-aight, of even tliickness, an nnnoiled hy travi'l-siain, or otherwise ; all the rells si-aled except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— .411 sections well filled, hut combs un- even or ('looked, detached at the h.ittom. or with but few cells unsealed : both wood and coinb nnsoiled by travel stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honny is to be classified accordiiigto color, using the terniH white, amber and dark. Tlmt i-<. tlipre " ill he " fancy w hite." .No. 1. dark.' <>tc. The prices given in the following quotations are those at which the dealers sell to the gro- cers. From these prices must be deducted freight, cartage and commission- the balance being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much as one hundred dollars. CHICAGO, 111.— While small fruits are on the market so freely, the demand for comb honey is somewhat limited. However, fancy white will sell at 15; extracted, as to package and (luality, from 7 to ii]/2- S. T. FISH &CO., July II. 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills. KANSAS CITY. — Some shipments of new comb. No new extracted. We quote as follow.*;; Fancy white, 15; No. i white, 14; fancy amber, 13^; No. I amber, 13; fancy dark, 12; beeswax, 22 to 25. W. R. CROMWELL FRUIT & CIDER CO., Successors to C. C. CIvEMONS CO., July II. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. BUFFALO, N. Y.— Too early to ship honey to Buffalo; too much fruit yet; wait till Septem- ber, then and later can place it satisfactorily. We quote as follows: }''ancy white, 14 to 15; No. I white, 13 to 14; fancy amber, 12 to i2!4; No. i amber, 10 to 11; fancy daik. 9 to 10; No. i dark, 8 to 9; amber extracted, 11; dark extracted, 10; beeswax, ?5 to 30. July 10. BATTERSON & CO. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y. NEW YORK.— Market rather bare of comb honey. New crop arriving.) rom the south and selling fairly well. E.'^tracted rather quiet, with sufficient supply. Beeswax in good demand and rather scaice. We quote as tollows: Fancy wliite. 14 to i.s: No. I Willie 12 to 13; laiicy amber. II to 12; white, extracted, 7 to 7^^; amber, ex- tracted, (>yi to 6^/1; beeswax, 28 to 29J4. HILDRETH & SEGELKEN, 120 West Broadway, New York. July II. CHICAGO, ILL— The new crop of comb honey is coming on tlie market, ami while it is early, sales are being made at the loUowiug prices, and no surplus in sight: Fancy white, 15; No. i white, 12 to 14; lancv amber, 11 to 12; No. i amber, 10; tancy dark, 9; No. i dark, 7 to 8; white. ex,tracted, 7 to 7^; amber, extracted, 6 to 6%; dark, extracted, 5}4 to 6; beeswax, 27 to 28. July 10. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. NEW YORK, N. Y.— There is a steady demand for all graues ot comb honey. The receipts are not heavy. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15 to 16; No. I white, 13J'2 to 14^2; amber, 11 to 12; buckwheat, 9 to ii. Extracted honey is steady at the following prices; Caliloniia while, 8}4 to 9; light amber, S 10 854; white clover, sj'o; amber, j'/2; We are asking, lor extracted buckwheat, 6J^ to 7 CIS. lor kegs, and 7 to 7^2 tor tins, according to quality, but with very little trade. Florida ex- tracted honey, 8 to 8J^, light amber, 754 to 8; am- ber, 7 to 7^2 ■ Other graces of Southern at liom 75 to 80 cts. per gallon, according to quality. Beeswax, a little more active at from 27 to 28 per lb. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT & CO. Jan. II. W. Broadway Franklin & Varick Sts, See the Points? I have had 15 years' experience in producing honey and rearing queens, and I am breeding queens from a queen that I got last spring from J. !•". Mclntvre ol Sespe, Cat. He describes this .stock on page 12 of Gleanings for June i, as fill- ing the supers when other bees were starving. The drotiesin my yard are from excellent stock — such as that of J. P. Moore of Kentucky. I rear queens by the Doolittle plan, send them by re- turn maii, and guarantee safe arrival, purity of mating, and satisfaction, at 50 cts each, in any quantity. Money refunded if queens are not sat- isfactory. Send "for circular. J,. U. ROBEY, Wortbingtou, W. Va, THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 235 m « m w m m m ^^OpERATOR No. 0 (h puts the honey combs in ^()m the extractor, which is a ^1 ••oo"v^^:isr.« four-frame, reversible, with Ball Bearings and L/Cver Brake — in ^,, short, the # BEST EXTRACTOR ON THE MARKET'' Extract from article of N. PI ^AK iMuiice of Wisconsin, in June Review. No one is belter cjuali- fied to judge the worth of an extractor than Mr. France. He says the ROOT COWAN ^0^ is the BHST. Thousands of /J{^ others sav so. i m m m m m THE A. I. ROOT CO.. Medina, Ohio. 2;6 THE BER-KEEPERS' REVIEW. JOHN F, STRATTON'S CELEBRATED BirminghamSteelStrings ^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin. Banjo It^ Finest Made. Extra Plated. tVAQl AlAr Warranted not to rust. Send for Catlg JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811. 81C, 815. 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mention the Review. — If you are going to — BUY A BtlZZ-SAW^, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. jjueens, Nucl i and Colonies. Best of Honey Gatherers. Special prices to introduce during July, August and September. ITntested queens, 50 els each; J5. 50 per dozen. Tested, Si. 00 each. Nuclei, add 50 cts per frame to price of queens. Write your wants. Satisfaction guaranteed. S. p. CULLEY, HigiDSville, t\o, Queens. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded ItaHans are still in the lead. Breeding qiteens of this strain, 12.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, frotn impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, |i.oo; 6for|;5.oo. Untested, 75 cts.; 6 for I4.00. W. H. I^aws, Round Rock, Texas. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. M. H. Hunt & Son Sell Root's Goods at wholesale and re- tail, at their prices. Our inducements are Strictly First-Class Goods, Cheap Freight Rates and Prompt Shipments. Our specialty Anything you want for your Bees. Send for our Catalog. Cash or trade for beeswax. M. H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich. QUEENS THAT PAY Are those from good stock, and reared right. I have reared over 1,200 queens from my " Doolittle " breeder, and tested o\-er 100 in my own yard. The queens are large, and the bees are' HUSTLERS .^ 11 queens warranted good ones; no culls sent out. Prices: average untested queen, 60 cts ; dozen, 56.00; select. Sects.; dozen, S7. 50; tested, $1 00; select, Ji. 50; extra, J2.00. "You send me the best queens I ever had. J. W. Hartman, Pickens, W. Va." Others write in the same strain. See May Keview, page 164. Circular free, 6-oo-tf J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla. . THE ... QUEEN CRANK Occasionally has some second-class queens as to color of offspring that are first-class in eveiy other tespect. That is, three-band bees predom- inating from golden mothers, and rather than palm them off as untested, he sells them at sects each Wh n five-band bees predominate and do not exceed 80 per cent, they are worth $1.00. From this up to 95 per cent, fi.2s. A higher grade biU not uniformly marked, 51.50, and breeders 52.00 each. Untested, either three or five-band, 75 cts each, or three for 52.00. W. H. PRIDGEN, (Money order Creek, Warren Co., N. C. oflfice, Warrenton, N. C.) 6-'oo-2t Exhibition Hives. I shall probably make no more exhibitions of bees and honey at fairs I have too many other irons in 1 he fire. I have about a dozen nucleus exhibition hives that I would sell for 50 cents each. They are nicely made, with glass in one side and wire cloth on the other. Six of them are painted a bright vermillion and the others a bright blue. They are of the right size for tak- ing one Langstroth frame. They cost Ji.oo each to make them. I also have about 100 of the old-style Heddon super, of the right size to use on an 8-frame, dovetailed hive. This is the best super there is if no seperators are used. They cost 20 cents each to make them when lumber was cheap. They are well painted and just as good as new, but I would sell them at 15 cents each. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Micb. THE BEE-KEKPERS' REVIEW 237 i "l-: J ■ ■ ■ ■ « ■ niaiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBii! i.mrrill.;<'.ll.i iliiii|inim>ia!iiiwii|iiimiiB iiiii^'liii.iiifiUiiin.lu.iiHiil =fliini[||i|itHtiita aniiaa ■iijwp |J $ro.oo REWARD! j;| Vn, Barber, To the party who sends me the most money for bees and queens between April I and November i, 1900. HIGH GRADE STOCK liV RETIKS MAIL MV SPFCIALTY. One untested queen. 75c: 6 for 54.25: 12 tor 5.*?. 00. One tesed queen, Ji. 25; 6 for >6 so: 12 for >i2 00. One i-frame nucleus. »i 00: 6 for $6 50: 12 for Jio 00. One i-frame nucleus an ? r^ V) w — fi 3 O" •3 0 D> < 3 I -t 0 0 0 m •3 N (^ G a n^ ■3 < rj 0 ^ c ^ (/) V) 5> CU f) a V) ^-*\ a- CU VJ 5* 3^ vr v» c cL • 3 V)- r*- __ 0 "- t-K T1 pa 3 V) X c H > O o Dittrner's Foupde^tiop At WboI«5a,Ie ap-J Retail. This foundation is made b)-an absolutely non-dipping proce.«;s; thereby producing a perfectly clear and pliable foundation that retains the odor and color of beeswax ; 'and is free from dirt. Working wax into foundation for cash, a specialty. Write for samples and prices. A full line of Supplies at the very lowest prices, and in any quantit}'. Best quality and prompt shipment. Send for catalog. Beeswax wanted. GUS DITTA\ER, Augusta, Wisconsin 238 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW The Flint Belgian Hare Association, Ltd. IMPORTERS AND BREEDERS OF PEDIGREED BELGIAN HARES -^^ OP'FICERS: Dr. W. B. Cogshall, President; W. Wilcox, Vice-President; W. C. Pierc?:, Secretary; F. S. Grossman, Treasurer; J. H. Failing, Stock- heeper. Rabbitry on Wood St. • Office 214 Saginaw St. • Both 'Phones 28. PALACE GOLD IMPORTED APRIL 24, 1900, SCORE 94^4- If you want Fine Stock at reasonable prices give us your order. Write for July circular and latest price list. I have spveral hnndrpil QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C W. CosteUfw. and 1 shonld be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. HuTOHiKSON. Flint, Mich. THE A, /. ROOT CO., 10 VINE ST., PHILADELPHIA, PA BEE-SURRUES. Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doints. We want to save you freight. — If yon wish the beet, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, Wrile to the editor of the Rbvikw. He has an Odidl, taken in payment for advertising, and he woiil(i be ploaKixl to send descriptive circtilars or l() correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing BDch a machine. 1900 Queens 1900 For Business— Qaeens for Strong ('olonies — Queens for large nurplus. (/ompetion in Quality, but not in price. If you want qneens, nuclei or supplies at b )ttoin prices, send for my illustrated price list. 12-97-tt /. P. H. BROWN, Augusta, Ga. Pleas** mention the Reu fffHere we are to the Front for igoo with the new Champ/on Chaff - Hive, a comfortable home for the bees in summer and winter. We al- so carry a complete line of other supplies. Catalog free. R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 9-99- tf. Sheboygan, Wis Please mention the Heuiew. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 239 Selection has bpen the chief factor in the de- velopenient and building vip of our improved breeds of horses, cattle, sheep, swine, and poul- try. Men have devoted the best years of their lil'e to a single line or branch of this work — and not without their reward. In bee-keeping but little has been done in this direction. The de- vclopenient of a bright yellow bee has been the most noticeable thing that has been done in this line. This is the most easy of accomplishinent, as results are so quickly and easily discernable. To breed for honey - gathering qualities is a much slower process. As soon as bees hatch out we can decide in regard to their color, and as to whether we wish to rear queens from their mother for the purpose of improving the color of our stock; to decide in regard to their working qualities requires months — perhaps j-ears. Every experienced bee-keeper must have no- ticed how much more surplus is stored by some stocks than by others. Time and time again, when visiting bee-keepers, have I been shown .some particular colonj', and heard the owner tell with pride how much honey it had scored year after year; always coming through the winter in good condition, or doing this or that that was so desirable. The strange thing is that bee-keepers so seldom seem to realize the value of such a colony or queen, as a starting-point from which to improve the stock of their whole apiary. If they do realize it. they seldom take advantage of the knowledge. Suppose, by the introduction of improved stock, a man can in- crease his surplus, on the average, one j-ear with another, ten pounds per colonj-, and that is not an extravagant estimate, on 100 colonies his surplus would be increased 1,000 pounds. The cost for hives, grounds, labor, wintering, etc , is nearly the same with one kind of slock as with another, jusi as it costs as much to keep a scrub cow as it does to keep a Jersey, and a gain in sur- plus that comes from imijrovement in stock is the most profitable that can be secured. To im- prove your slock, get the vkry bkst that you can for breeding purposes, and with this stock your apiary, then watch carefully, and breed from those colonies that do the best. Cont nue this year afte' year, and you will be surprised at the results. This matter of beginning with as good stock as you can get, is all-important. Don't lose years of time by commencing with common or inferior stock. Get the best: and thus be able to com- mence right where some other breeder left off. (P. S.— For the first lime, I am now able to As explained in previous advertisements, I am selling queens from stock upon the development of which a good man has spent twenty years; making cros.ses, and then each year selecting the best to breed from, I have several limes tried this strain, and know it to be thebe-st that I have ever tried. The price of these queens will be ft 50 each. This may stem like a high price, but the man who pays it will make dollars where this breed- er and myself make cents; and when you come to read the conditions under which they are sold, it will not seem _o high. The queens sent out will all be young queens, just beginning to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicinity, it is not likely that any will prove impurely mated. If any queen .should prove to be impurely m^t- ed, another will be .sent free of charge. Safe arrival in first-class condition will be guaranteed. Instructions for introducing will be sent to each purchaser, and if these instructions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all: if, at any time within two years, a purchaser, tor any reason what- ever, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be refund- ed, and 50 cents extra sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seen that the purchaser runs xo RISK WHATEVER. If 3. queen does not arrive in good condition, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is sent. If she should prove impurely mated, another is sent. ]f the queen proves a poor layer, or the stock does not come up to the expectations, or there is any rea- son wh}' the bargain is not satisfactory, the queen can be returned and the money will be re- funded, and the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. I could not make this last promi.se if I did not KNOW that the stock is really superior. I said that the price would be S>-50 each. There is only one condition under which a queen will be sold for a less price, and that is in connection with an advance sub.scription to the Review. Any one who has already paid me, or who will pay me, $i.oo for the Review for 1900, can have a queen for $1.00 That is, you can have the Review for 1900 and a queen for 52.00. Of course, all arrearages previous to 1900 must be paid up before this offer will hold good This special offer is made with a yiew to the getting of new subscribers, and as an inducement to old sub- scribers to pay up all arrearages and to pay in advance to the end of next year, W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. fill orders for these queens by return mail. ) 24Q THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. A\2ioy Irnproverpept? Tbis Yeair. We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies. The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate- rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of the-^e two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be worked by the foot. Tb^ Hedclon Hive. Another valuable adjunct to our manu- faciure is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not hesitate to say that it is the best all round hive ever put upon the market; and we are pleased to state that we have made arrangements with Mr. Heddon to the end that we can supply these hives; and the right to use them goes with the hives. Horjey Extractors. Our Honey Extractors are highly orna- mental, belter manufactured; and, while the castings aie lighter, they are more durable than heretofore, as they are made of superior material. Tb^ Prosir^j^iv^ B^^-K^^p^r. Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved, being brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land; and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price, only 50 cts. per year. Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres- sive Bee-Keeper. Address Hi^gipsvllIC, r\0.. E2k5t St. Louis, Ills. LEAHY A\f2. <30., Gontraction |j Honey pgn ExtPactop SALE li 1 I m i i Of the brood-nest can be made very profiiahle if practiced in the rij^dit manner, with the right kind of hives and apphances, in the ii;^ht locality and in the right lime of the season. The reverse will prove trne if mis- takes are made. Vonr locality may be one in which contrac- tion, if rightly m.inaged, would pat many dollars into your pocket. All of these points are fully explained in one of the chapters of Advanced Bee CULTl'RE. Besides this, the book contains 31 other chapters n e qually important subjects. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year ( and twelve b.ick numbers ) and the book for only 5i-25. W. Z. HUTCHIN50M, Flint, A^icb. I have a nearly new, Van Allen & Williams Honey P'x- tractor for sale. It has four baskets of the right size for ex- tracting Langstroth combs, and they can l^e reversed automati- cally— without stopping the ma- chine. The regular price of this machine is $20.00, but, as this has been used some, I will sell it for |;i5,oo. I would exchange it for bees, or anything else I could use. H. E. Vi\\x\i, Ft. Pierce, Fla. Wc have a Ltarge Stock, and can fill Orders Promptly. Send us your orders for hives, extractors, or anything that you want in the bee-keeping line. We make only the best. Our Falcon Sections and Weed Process Foundation are ahead of anything, and cost no more than other makes. New catalogue and a coj^y of The .American I'.ee-Keeper free. W. T. Falconer T^fg. 60., J.\MKSTO\VN, X. V. tfr-iV' W. IM. Gerrish, East Not- ingham, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalogue prices. Ho Fish-Bone Is apparent in comb honej' when the Van Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This style of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a very thin base, with the surplus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely be distinguished from that built wholly by the bees. Being so thin, (->ne pound will fill a large number of sectif)ns. All the Tiouble of wiring brood frames can be avoided by using the Van Deusen ivired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. J. VAN DEUSEN, Si'KofT Brook, N. Y. i I 242 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. wwv ml i p M'/. Still They Come ! I What? Why, orders for Hyde's Su- perior Strain of Bees. We are rear- ing Golden Italians from our famous $ioo breeder, "Victoria." Among the points of superiority are gentlenes.s, beautj'and honey gathering. Queens are very prolific. Bees do not crowd the brood-nest with honey, swarm very little and enter the supers readily. We also have .^-banded queens from our fi n e breeders, "Jewell" and "Beauty." Stock is hardy, gentle and industrious. 1 hese bees keep rolling in the honey while other bees are doing nothing. Prices of either race, for the rest of the year, untested, 75 cts; 6 for S4.25; Select, warranted, 25 cts extra. Tested. Si-25. Holv I^ands same price. Special dis- count on quantities. Circular free. We give FREE a Select Tested Queen for every Sio.oo and a fine Breeder for every $25.00 worth of orders, at circu- lar prices. O. p. HYDH & SON, Hiitto, Texas. ♦t ♦^ ♦^^ f,^^ ^ ^^^ «^^ ^^^^ ♦ ♦ ♦ !3 II' A ♦ ♦ \ ♦ ,♦ %~4 This is the original one-piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, fT.SS; 1,000 for 53.25; 3,000 for $8.90; 5,000 for |;i3.oo; 10,000 for ^22. 60. No. 2 sections are not made to order, btit when in stock are sold at 1 1. 80 per M. J. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. mm m Pi n mi wm W IP m m m II mm m vJMt mm m WM. Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies! of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest ever made; and he sells it at prices that defy competitio7i! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered ere. Millions o f Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and l)e your own judge. AUG. WEISS, Hortonville, Wisconsin. If the Etllf ♦ ■ Is mentioned when answering an advertisement in its cohnims a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertis- er. It helps the fonner by rais- ing his journal in the estima- tion of the advertiser: and it en- ables the latter to decide as to which advertihing mediums are most profitable. If ycti would help the Review, be sure and say " I saw your advertisement in the Review," when writing to advertisers. ♦ f J' € I' % ♦ i % ^ 'i' ,f % ^^ I. vMA THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 243 Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well known manu- facturers of musical iiisrrumeutB, Jno. F. Stiattouit Son. of New York, and taking my pay ill musical merchandise. 1 have now on liaud a fine violin ouitit coiisisfiug of violin, bow juid ciise. The violin in a " Stradiuarius, " Ked, Fieiich finish, hmli |n>liHh, and real >'boijy trimmiimr,, price jU.'Jti. The how is of the fin- est snakewood. ebony fmg, lined, inl;iid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined while, Ciernian silver shielil, ehony screw head, (leriuau silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end. price S2..')(t The case is wood with ciirveii top. varnishi-il, full-lined, with pockets, iiud furnished with brass hooks, and handh-H and lock, prii'e il-l.'iO. This makes the entire outfit worth an even SJO.'KI. It is ex- actlyth- same kiU'Kof an outfit that my daugh- ter li;is been usinu the past year with the best of satisfHction to herself and tfachers. Her violin has a mori- powerfnl. rich tone li;an some in- Btrumenls here that cost .sev- rnl times as much. I wish to Sell 'hisou tit, and wouhi acc.-pi one- half nice, white extiacleii honey in payment, the b;dance cH'li. It will be sent on a five ilays' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can bo re turned and the piiichase money will be refunded. W. Z, HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. G. M. LONG, t'edar .Mines. Iowa, mann- faiMiir.T lit and dealer in " piarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Plvaae mention th€ Reuietv. I am advertising for B. F. Stratton & Son, music dealers of New York, and taking my pay in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. I have already bought and paid for in this way a guitar and violin for my girls, a flute for myself, and one or two guitars for some of my subscribers. If you are thinking of buying an instrument of any kind, I should be glad to send you one on trial. If interested, write me for des- criptive circtilar and price list, saying what kind of an instrument you are thinking of getting. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Bee keepers should send for our 00 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices. Our 8pe J- ^- GRIMSLEY. The broad term of bee-keeper, and the National Bee-keepers' Associa- tion, includes every phase of the busi- ness— the novice, specialist, queen breeder, supply dealer, and the all im- portant editor and author. Every feature of the business is represented, and all enterprising members should be members of the association. For poultry- keepers there is the American Poultry Association, which covers every class of poultry, and it num- bers breeders of every class. Then, there are clubs for each breed, and these clubs in turn have the breeding in their hands, and the standard conforms to their wishes. Until 1897, we had among the bee- keepers only the one kind of association, looking in a general way after the inter- ests of bee-keepers. Their work in pro- tecting their members against the spiteful work of envious non-bee-keepers, and their earnest fight against honey adultera- tion are features that commend the asso- ciation to all. But, with all its vigilance, it has never established a standard to A-^ (^ "^fess i ■VK. ^-- .J^ K \ . / which queens should be bred, having left the business of breeding to the individual notions of all who saw fit to launch out in the business. Purchasers of queens were therefore at the mercy of breeders, and no one but the breeder himseif knows to what extent that mercy is extended. Seeing the necessity for a breeders' club or association, the plans were laid for the organization, which was perfected by adopting a set of by-laws and electing officers for a National Queen Breeders' Union. The union was organized in 1S97, and early in 1898 the officers were elected. G. W. Hufstedler of Beeville, Texas, was elected president; J. B. Case, Port Orange, Fla., vice-president; W. H. Pridgen, Creek, N. C, general director, and J. O. Grimslej', Byrdstown, Tenn., secretary and treasurer. At present J. B. Case is president; W. H. White, Blossom, Texas, vice-president; E. R. Tones, Milano, Texas, general director, and J. O. Grims- ley, secretary. The union is looked upon by some as an organized partnership, or company, but such is not the case. It is the same class of organization as an ordinary bee- keepers' association, with restricted, defi- nite objects in view. There is no refer- ance to any branch of the bee-keeping business except queen breeding. A careful reading of the by-laws will convince the most skeptical that the union will play an important part in bee- keeping in the future. There is no re- striction on prices, each member making his own price, but he must, in all cases, come up to the standard established by our "descriptive list." We fix the same for our yellow bees, and the standard covers Italians, Golden Italians, Albinos and Carniolans Standards will be fixed for other races as they become established sufficiently to justify. Should a member send out queens which are not bred ac- cording to the standard, his customers must be made acquainted with the facts. And, should a member not deal honestly with his patrons the union makes good all loss. On the other hand, there is oc- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 249 casionally a shark aiiionj^ buyers, or deal- ers, and when one succeeds in "working" a menilier, each of the other members are made ac(iuainled with the facts. The union will never have a large mem- bership—there are not enough breeders to make us strong in numbers. There is a good number of first-class breeders who would be gladly received into the union — in fact, all honest breeders are wanted. The foundation for success in honey production is good queens, and upon a will insure first-class queens. We toler- ate no haphazard breeding, and frater- nally the members are a unit, there being no discord. The minority yields gladly to the w-ishes of the majority, and as little as may be thought of it. the time is com- ing when the union will wield an influ- ence beyond all expectation. Among our numbers are some of the leading breeders of the United States, and the other breeders of equal rank must join and help in the work. We THE OLD HOME OF J. 0. GRl.MSLEY, ORIGINATOR OF THK OLEEN BREEDFRS' UNION, well organized queen breeders' association will rest the future of bee-keeping. The National Oueen Breeders' Union might as well be that association, and every queen breeder and bee-keeper should stand by it, even if it is only to speak a good word in commendation of an established standard. Bee-keepers will, when they once see the benefits arising from it, demand a standard, and breeders will join in maintaining it. The union proposes Muprovement, and its members must use such methods as should be glad that an organization of queen breeders did not have to be a crea- ture of the twentieth century. I,et us all work in harmony for the union, and in turn for the good of bee-keepers. The photograj)h accompanying this article was made in the autumn of 1896; and shows my father and mother taking off unfinished sections, and equalizing the colonies for winter. To the left is my brother, who has just been out feed- ing his pigs, turkeys and chickens. The hives used are Langstroth pattern. 250 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. with telescope cover and "portico," and were all made by hand by myself. In March, 1897, my father died, and I came home from Texas and took charge again; after which the yards were known as the Maple Vale Apiaries. The honey from these apiaries has never sold for less than 15 cents, and some has brought us 20 cents per pound in section, and premiums at the fairs when entered. But the main use to which the apiaries have been put since 1893 is experimental work, when I introduced the first Italian bees our coun- try ever had. Carniolans, Golden Ital- ians, Holy Lands, and Albinos have each been tried to a limited extent. Imported Italians have, however, proven the best for this country, and now all our country is stocked with "John Grimsley's bees." Failing health required me to abandon the work for a time, and I again tried South Texas, hoping to recuperate, but with little success. I will likely try Florida this winter, and hope for recovery. Byrdstown, Tenn., June 28, 1900. MANAGING OUT-APIARIKvS WITH NO HONEY-HOUSE AT EACH APIARY. BY H. ?I. HYDE. In my last article on out-apiaries, noth- ing was said about a honey-house for each a])iary, for the reason that we do not use a honey- house at o u t - apiaries. A large building at our h o m e - a p i a r y answers for the storing of hives, supers, etc. ; and we have a special wagon for haid- ing bees, empty hives, supers, honey, etc. ; be- sides, we use what we call a traveling ex- tracting-house, which is placed on our special wagon when we wish to extract honey. Our wagon has what is called the Cali- fornia width of track; viz: 5 feet 2 inches. The running gear is constructed of heavy oak wood; the wheels are the Electric steel wheels, with tires four inches wide. The front wheels are 28 inches high, and the hind wheels ^ inches. The gear and wheels will hold up five or six thousand pounds, and are so constructed that the front wheels turn clear under the bed. On this gear we constructed a bed 12 feet long, and 4 feet 2 inches wide, out- side measurement. The inside is 48;^ inches wide. The bolsters come through holes cut in the right place in the bed. The first part of the bed is really a plat- form only 6 inches deep; then comes the bed-sides proper, which are J 2 inches wide. On these we can put as many side boards as we like. We also use a heavy pair of wagon springs on the wagon when hauling supers, honey, etc., often using four mules or horses, and hauling four or five thousand pounds at a time. By using this outfit we haul all our supers home in the fall, clean them up and fill them with foundation during the winter, when not otherwise busy, and take them back to the apiaries in the spring. In this connection it should be noted only the comb honey supers are hauled, and that all extracting bodies of comb remain on the hives all winter. During the spring we haul out all the hives and supers that we will probably need during the season; and by carrj'ing large loads, only a few trips are needed. There are three tilings that we have found vitally necessary in managing out- apiaries; they are, first, a good stock of bees with good queens; second, plenty of room for the I)ees and plenty of room for the queens to lay; third, plenty of honey in the hives at all limes. Around these three things centers the success- ful management of out-apiaries at all times. I can but emphasize the import- ance of a good race of bees and good queens. \'ery much has been written THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 251 lately on thissiri)jci.t; hut none too much, however. We know it does not pay to kee]) poor queens anywhere. We want queens to he of 1,'onil stock, large and prolific. The qualities I think hees should possess are as follows: l-'irst, honey gathering; second, prolificness of the queens, and their ability to bring a large force of bees on the field of action at the right time; third, gentleness; fourth, the least swarming; fifth, good wintering finalities, and sixth, well, I will say it is beauty, if beauty is a good quality. The second statement above calls for plenty of room. What I mean b}' this is that queens should never (except in the fall) lack for room; give them all the combs they will occupy. I never saw a colony too strong to suit me. It takes bees to gather honey, and the more in a hive the larger the yield. I believe a colony of 100,000 workers will store three times as much honey as a colony of 50,000. Then, when the harvest comes, give the bees all the room they can possibly use; don't let them be crowded. If there is no crowd- ing, one of the great causes of swarming is done away with; and the less swarm- ing at an out-apiary the better. The third statement was plenty of honey. What I mean by this is that the bees should be left in the fall with plenty of honey to winter them and to rear a large force of bees to gather the harvest an- other year. We have found that it is far better to have old honey in the hives when new honey conies, than to have just enough, or not enough, which re- sults in a few dead colonies. Now, to fulfill all the above require- ments, a large hive, will, of cour.se, have to be used. I want nothing smaller than a lo-franie hive. We still use some three hundred S-frame hives, but we have just that many jnore than we want. In my next I will give the management we use during the honey-fiow. HUTTO, Texas, I'cbruary 26, 1900. X T K 0 I ) U C I N G QUEENS 15 ^■ rSING TOBACCO SMOKE. 15 V E. A. JOHNSON. Vou ask how I introduce queens with tobacco smoke; I give it with pleas- ure; only let me say that I am indebted to Ilenr^' .A.lley for my systetn. Make a swarm queenless three days be- fore )'Ou expect the queen to arrive, at the same time destroying any cells that you find. When the queen arrives, after the sun goes down, take a small Bingham smoker, put in a small bunch of excelsior, light from the top, then put in a good pipeful! of Virginia natural leaf tobacco. When I don't have the above, I use Bull Durham, a granulated tobacco, costing 65 cents a pound. After putting the tobacco on the e.xcelsior, put on the top of the smoker, and, as soon as I get a faint odor of tobacco, I blow in at the en- trance one good puff, or two small ones. I wait for all bees to run in; in from one to three minutes some will return, then, with a small puff, I send them back, open the hive quite roughly, remove the honey- board, and, with a small puflf of smoke send them down. I then take the queen cage remove the tacks from wire, raise the wire, and let the queen run in on top of the center frames. Should she go down at once, I follow her with a slight puff of tobicco. Should she take wing, I renmin where I can watch the alighting-board and frames. She will return inside of five minutes. Should she start to run in at the entrance, I pick her up and put her on the frames. I find it a good plan to just blow a whilT from the smoker over the cage before relea.sing the queen. I then cover the hive, and the only atten- tion I give for three days is to feed a ])int of svrup each night froin the inside of hive. This is trty esse'itial. In half to three-quarters of an hour from the time I releaseil the queen I re- light the smoker, putting in tobacco as b^'fore. and blow in at the entrance two or three good puffs. I hope this method is clear to you, for it is safe to gamble on 99 safe introduc- 252 THB BEE-KEBPERS' REVIEW. tions in loo. The only danger is in using too much tobacco smoke. You see, the bees all get gloriously drunk on to- bacco. They may have cells started, but before they are fairly over their spree the queen has run about and destroyed the cells; perhaps, commenced to lay. The after-smoking is because of danger from late bees returning and balling the queen; or in case of not reaching all the bees sufficiently at first to keep them in a stupor until the queen has actually got possession. When morning comes they are ready for work. In your " Advanced Bee Culture" you speak of using chloroform. I cannot think that it is just the thing for a novice. The vapor is invisible, and there is no way to regulate it with a smoker, and the treatment I think is too cruel — tobacco is bad enough. Now, friend Hutchinson, don't you see that my method of introduc:ng is a better one for you to recommend, especi- ally when a shipment is made a long dis- tance, and the queen gets tired out, and the nurse-bees are weak and sometimes dead? You ship, we will say, Saturday noon, the queen arrives here in two dayfe, or possibly, Wednesday morning; for two days she remains in the cage, and, possi- bly, weather prevents opening the cage to remove her one day more, and she has practically spent a week in an exception- ally small cage. With my way you in- troduce directly upon the combs the night she arrives. The reason I continue feeding for three days is that I think it gives the colony a more contented feeling; it starts the queen to laying, and gives a better opportunity to find the queen. After the third day I inspect the colony, and, if doing well, I put back the super. It is needless to say that the last two queens you sent me are doing splendidly; they came in good condition. I admit I a:ji very thick to catch any- thing, but don't you think your title, "Advanced Bee Culture," very mislead- ing? Before I took up bees I bought everything which I judged an amateur wanted. Did I buy your book? No. I was looking for primers and first readers. Now, had your chapter on " Mistakes of Beginners" only have reached me in Langstroth, Quinby, or A B C, half of the "know it all" would never have consumed me, and the discouraging experiences would not have been as many. I would in a friendly wa}' suggest that a depart- ment in Review be set apart for begin- ners to give their mistakes. Perhaps it would amuse the old timers and would give us youngsters a few points that we are all looking for. Gleanings has a strong tendency to Dr. Miller and Doo- little, this, and that, and very occasion- ally an item occurs to interest the novice; at least this is as it occurs to me. Pardon me for being so lengthy — it's my way. E. PeppERELI., Mass., August 7, 1900. [Friend Johnson, 1 am very favorably impressed with your description of how 3'ou introduce queens by the use of to- bacco smoke. I have never used it, neither have I used chloroform. Mr. D. A Jones, who was once so prominent in the bee-keeping aflfairs of Canada, was very enthusiastic over the introduction of queens by the use of chloroform. He used it in a small smoker in about the same wa}' as Mr. Johnson uses the tobac- co. He first puts a dry sponge in the bot- tom of the smoker, then a sponge satur- ated with chloroform, and, on top of this, another dry sponge. The vapor was then puffed into the hive the same as smoke. I doubt if the use of chloroform is any more cruel, if it is cruel, than the use of tobacco smoke, but I should expect the eflfects of the tobacco smoke to be more lasting than that of chloroform. Without having any experience to guide me, I should be inclined to give preference to tobacco smoke as compared with the use of chloroform. ToDacco is something very easily obtained, even away out in the country, and, without knowing posi- tively, I should think that the effect of the tobacco would last longer and give THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 253 greater opportunity for the queen to be- come established. If I am wrong in this view, 1 wish to be corrected. At present I know of only one method of introduction that can really be called infallible, and that is of releasing the queen in a closed hive in which are several combs of just hatching bees, the other bees having been brushed off. Just hatching bees never molest a queen. In selecting the combs, care should be taken to secure such as have the least unsealed brood, and the most hatching bees. The hive should not be allowed to stand in the sun, if the weather is very hot, although this might be an advantage in the spring. In four or five days, the entrance can be opened enough to allow a bee to pass. If this work is done at a time when bees are in- clined to rob, there must be extra precau- tions taken to prevent it. If the use of tobacco smoke is practically an infallible method, it ought to be more generally known and advised. As I have said else- where, if any one has failed with it, let him tell of his failure, and give the rea- son, if any is known. — Ed. Review.] -pS^s KLGIAX HARES. SOME- \=J^ THINCx ON THE OTHER _L_2y ^ir)I--- BY H. D. Bl-RRKLL. Think twice, bee-keepers, be- fore rushing into the Belgian hare busi- ness. I have them, and a good many are kept around here. I have learned by ex- perience and observation that they are much more trouble than poultry, and /ess profitable. The busine.ss is being boomed mainly by those .vho have stock to sell at fancy prices. There is no regular mar- ket for the meat, even in a large city like Chicago; and thesellingof breeding stock is a limited business, unless much time and expense is devoted to it. The same effort devoted to poultry, or more bees, will prove more profitable and satisfac- tory. A hare will not "live for a month on 20 cents worth of hay at |ro.oo per ton," and do well. They require a va- riety of food, and much care in feeding. They are subject to about as many diseases as poultry, and have a discour- aging way of dying off without any ap- parent cause. If many are kept together they will fight to kill. If kept in close quarters, much care is required to keep the pens clean and dry, or the hare dies. Careless people, and very busy ones, sometimes, neglect these points. If in open yards, they must be protected from dogs and cats, and the young from rats. Can anyone tell positively if Belgian hares would disturb bees and get stung if kept in the apiary? They would be handy to keep down grass and weeds among the hives, but trees and shrubbery would have to be protected, and the fence would have to extend at least eight inches into the ground, or they would escape by burrowing. Of course, they are prolific, and the meat is fine to eat, and they are nice playthings for children — (until they tire of them), but the most successful breeder I know of allows his does to raise only four litters of six each a year, and says this is imperative if hardy, good sized stock is desired. South Havex, Mich. July 25, 1900. EDITORIAL fferings- bees stay by their cage. Somebody sent me a cage of half a dozen bees to show me their markings. I disliked to kill them, so I pried up one edge of the wire cloth, and set the cage out on a corner of the porch. The bees flew, circled around and came back to the cage. Often, during the day, I see one or two of them out circling about, but at night they are all back in their cage — all the home they have. Of course, 254 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. there is food in the cage, and I presume that they might Hve in this way as long as warm weather lasts. They have been there now some two or three weeks. ■^««*«.rf^«^«^ Bro. Hir,!,, of the American Bee- Keeper, accompanies his advice regard- ing robber bees by a very realistic picture — one that most of us have seen. All the cracks are black with masses of bees, and the air is full of black streaks. «K«T*««j(»^*ir«. Honey Dew, of plant-lice origin, was found by Prof. Cook, on the pine trees of Cloud Rest, 10,000 feet above the sea. He gives in the American Bee Journal a very interesting account of his visit to this hia:h altitude. ti'li'^^-u^-m^^f "Good Hoxey and Gab did it." That is what Mr. J. T. Hariston of Indian Territory, writes me in regard to his sell- i"o 3.300 pounds of honey in his home nuirket inside of three weeks. Good honey and gab make a winning combi- nation. ■*^"*-»¥^^* M^^^ Bee-RscapivS are not usually left on the hives long enough to become clogged with propolis, but if the}' are found so clogged it is easy to clean them by boil- ing them in concentrated lye, and after- wards rinsing them in cold, running water. This I learn from an item by Mr. Muth-Rathmussen in Gleanings. »»»^k»»^«^«jr« Cli:.\ning Wax from utensils is made easy by first scraping them and then washing them with kerosene. This makes the wax soft and pasty, when they ma}- be washed the same as one would wash any greasy vessels. Mr. F. L. Thomp- son writes this to the Progressive, and I know from experience that it is true. Mr. Thompson gives a caution as to the care- ful watching needed when wax is allowed to boil. It may boil over very quickly, spoiling floors and tempers, and endanger- ing property. 1i»^^'»«l^kF»Ji Coxfininc, Virgin Queen.s and then introducing them when several days old, th'js gaining time, is not .approved of by Mr. Doolittle, in the American Bee Jour- nal. When the proper age comes for a queen to take her flight, if she is preven- ted, she is injured to the extent of the efforts she puts forth to accomplish her purpose. •^■^ ^^•■^■k^^^ Advertising in the local papers has been found one of the best methods of selling honey that has been practiced by C. Davenport. He describes his success in the American Bee Journal, and says that much can be done to overcome the fears of adulteration by offering rewards for the detection of any adulteration. ^•)L*a^^i^^ from two to three cents a pound. I'or oil, he uses three quarts of kerosene, three-fourths of a pint of linseed oil, one-fourth of a pint of spirits of turpentine, and one-fourth of a pound of melted beeswax. Before add- ing the turpentine and beeswax, the other ingredients are mixed and brought almost to the boiling point. The paint shouUl be applied warm. The wax makes up for the lack of fixed oil. This paint is better than any mineral paint mixed with clear linseed oil. It is not very brilliant at first, but grows brii^hter by wear, while the ordinary paint fades by age. Mr. Lac}' recommends the addition of some coloring niatter to this kind of paint. He would use chrome green, or yellow, or Prussian blue, or something of the kind, painting some of the hives one color, and .some another. I prefer to have all of the hives and supers the same color. It greatly simplifies some of the operations of the apiary. We often wish to change one hive for another, and, if it is of a different color from the first hive, the bees are confused, and try to find some other hive having a color like that of their old home. TWO EVKXINCS OF PICTURES GIVEN BY TWO i':Drn)ks. At the Philadelphia convention a new feature was introduced. The showing of pictures by means of a stereopticon, or magic lantern, is not new, but the show- ing of apiarian pictures at a bee conven- tion is a new departure — at least in this country. That it is to be continued, at least for this year, is shown by the follow- ing private letter from I'resident Root, which I have secured permission to print. Mkdin.v, Ohio, July 17, 1900. //'. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich.: Dear Hutch — .\ special feature of the next convention, on one evening at least, will be stereopticon work, the whole even- ing being taken up with it. I am pur- chasing a bran new stereopticon, with the best lens for electric and calcium light, .so that the results will be the very best, so far as a single lantern goes. Now, I am scouring the country for good photos from which slides can be made. Vou have some verv fine photos of some apiaries, so, while I shall go down on the program on the subject of " Bee-keepers I have met, and apiaries I have visited," I shall want yourself. Dr. Miller, Dr. Mason and two or three others to throw in .some side talks. For instance. I would like to have you tell briefly, on the same evening with me. of K. France and his system, showing his hives, or rather N. F. France, as I su])pose it now is. If you will loan me the photos, I will try to get some slides made and give you some of my time in the meeting and I will manipulate the screen while 3'ou do the talking. By the way, the making of stereopticon slides is very pleasant work and is ver}' easily done, and when I get to Chicago, I ma}' get you started with the fever. This stereopticon is Ijought for the express purpose of using at con- ventions, and I think between us we can get up a set of nice slides that would show up the industr\ in a way that will be attractive and possibly increase the at- tendance. At .some time in the evening we can .show up .supplies of the different manufacturers without having to have a whole lot- of traps scattered around the room . I write you because I feel sure you would like to enter into the scheme, and if you do. I will have you announced as one of the talkers for the stereopticon feature. I don't know but I may make a fizzle of it; but I want the next convention to be difTerent from any we have had before. There will be one or two hours during each session which will be taken up with question boxes, the boxes being presided over bv some prominent bee-keeper pres- ent. Then the .stereopticon work, while not a novelty, will range on somewhat difTerent lines, and those who are fortu- nate enough to attend the next conven- tion will be able to see the whole bee- keeping world at a glance, or in a single night. If you will loan me some of vour pic- tures, I will return them, and, if success- ful. I will indicate to you what ones we will make over into slides, so that you can prepare notes for each picture. A minute talk on a picture on the average will probably consume all the time that can be allowed, although I suppose we 258 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW will have something over two hours and we may have 150 slitles, possibly 200; but if I simmer them down 10 the clear ones, I presume the list will not be larger than loj. We will have to have a recess and general rest. Dr. Miller will give a tribute to Laugstroth when his picture is thrown upon the screen, and Dr. Mason will be delegated to take up the funny side of bee culture, and I have told him to be priTued antl ready to throvv' in off- hand whenever he gets a chance. Yours verv truly, E. R. ROOT. Since the above was written it has been arranged that the stereopticon will be usetl two nights, as will be seen by refer- ence to the program that appears in this issue. PROGR.\M OF THE THIRTY- FIRST AXNUAI, CONVENTION OF THK NATIONAL BEE KEEPERS' ASSOCIATION. To be held at Chicago, Illinois, Tues- day, Wednesday and Thursday. August 28, 29 and 30, 1900; sessions to be held in Wellington Hall, 70 North Clark street: TflCSDAV EVENIXG. Call to order at 7:00 o'clock. Song Dr.C.C. Miller, Marengo, 111. "How to Sell Honey," S. A. Niver, Aubuin, N. V. " Bee-keeping in the City,'". E. Rreutziuger, Chicago, 111. Question-box. WEDNESD.-\Y MORN INC, — 9:30. Song. Invocation. President's .Address. . . E. R. Root, Medina, O. " (jiieen Rearing bj- the Dooliltle Method, " . Mrs. H. C. Ackliu, St. Paul, Minn. Question-box. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON — 1 130. Song. " Bee-keepers' Rights and Their Protection by Eaw" Hennaji F. Moore, Park Ridge, 111. " Trials of the Commission Man," R. A. Burnett, Chicago. 111. Question-box. WEI>NESD.\V EVENING —7:30. "Breeding for Eonger - tongued Bees," . By J. M. Rankin, of the Mich. Exp. Station. " Bee-keepers I have Met and Apiaries I have Visited," by K. R. Root, assisted bv Dr. C C. -Miller, Dr.' A. B. Mason. E. T. .Vbbott and olliers. Illustrated by a stereopticon. THCRSD.W MORNING- 9:30. Song. Invocation. " Various forms of Disease .A.mong Bees, Cause and Cure," Dr. Wni. R. Howard, Ft. "Worth, Texas. Report of c'.eneral Manager Hon. Eugene Secor, Forest City, Iowa. " Pure Food Eegislatioii," Rev. E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. Question-box. TIUKSD.VV AFTERNOON— 1:30. .Song. " Chemistry of Honey, and How to Detect Its Adulteration," by Thomas \Vm. Cowan, Pacific ('.rove, Ca4ifornia. " How to Sliip Honey to Market, and in What Kind of Packages," C.eo. \V. York, Chicago. Ill Question-box. thursd.'VY s:vening. "Co-operative Organization Among Bee-keep- ers." R. C. Aikin, I.oveland. Colo. " Mv Trip Through Wiscon.sin and Minnesota." \V. Z. Hulchinson, Flint, Mich. Illustrated by a stereopticon. Unfiuislieii business. One prominent feature of the ne.xt con- vention will be the stereopticon work. Messrs. Root and Hutchinson, with a powerful stereopticon, will project upon the screen some photos they have taken of apiaries they have visited in diflferent portions of the United States. The con- vention will be held in Wellington Hall, 70 North Clark street, abotit a block and a half from the office of the .liiiericaii Bee Jounia.1, and about five blocks direct- ly north of the court hou.'^e. The hotel at which delegates may secure lodging is the Revere House, about half a block from the convention hall. The rate for lodging will be 50 cents per night, and the proprietor has assured Mr. York that good beds are provided, but that several will have to occupy the same room. But when anyone desires a room with a single bed, the charge will be $2.00 per night. If two men wish to take a single room in that way they can do it, sharing the ex- pense between them. O. A. R. people will have to pay 75 cents per night for a single bed, so bee-keepers are specially favored at 50 cents. The hotel is almost within a stone's throw of the convention hall, and right near the hall are first-class restaurants where meals can be secured at reasonable rates. It is a little too earlj' j-et to announce what the railroad rates will be during G. A. R. week; but it is assumed that they will be low, probably a cent a mile each way. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 259 Chicago is a central point, and there will undoubtedly he a large attendance, it is earnestly hoped that bee-keepers will turn out in good strong force. !•:. R. Root, Dr. a. B. M.ason. President. Secretary. UK I.C.IAN H.\RES. The Review has had considerable to say rej.jardiui.r this new industry — the breed- ing of Belgian hares. It has paid more attention to it than have the other bee journals. I'erhaps it has devoted too much space to this subject. As a bee journal, perhaps it ought to say nothing on this subject. The point is this: the keeping of bees, or poultry, or Belgian hares, are kindred industries. A person interested in one is quite likely to take an interest in the other. It is not always so, and I am not saying that it is best that it should be so. but the fact remains that it is so. A great many men are so constituted that they delight in a cow, and a garden, and a few bees, and some poultry, etc. Such combinations may not lead to any great financial success. They may lead to a cotnfortable living, but not to the accumulation of wealth th.it m.iy result from a dairy farm, or from several out-apiaries. My own idea, and my advice, is that of concentration of energies and capital. At the same time, I recognize that all men are not adapted to specialization. There are many bee-keepers who will read in the pajjersttbout Belgian hares, and resolve to invest in them. The question is, shall they do it? .\t present a sort of craze is swee])ing over the land, and fabulous prices are boing paid, and those who em- bark in the business now, and get the best stock, will, if they manage rightly, make some mone\', but the business must eventuall}' come down to a meat basis. That is the foundation upon which it must eventually rest. High prices are paid for breeding stock of pigs, poultry, cattle and sheep, but the foundation for these prices is the market price of meat, eggs and butter. If there becomes an es- tabli.shed market, at good prices, for the meat and fur of Belgian hares, there will be a certain demand for pedigreed stock, at high prices, just as there is now for other stock of this class. Those who are now furnishing pedigreed stock at fancy prices are certainly making money. There is no question about that. What Prof. Cook wrote about the industry in Califor- nia is undoubtedly t-ue. Dr. Cog.shall, of this place, went to California, stayed there several months, and was so favora- bly impressed v.'ith the business that he and his friends have put one thousand dollars into the business. If any one thinks that all that is necessary to do is to buy a few rabbits, turn them loose in a pen, and feed them occasionally, and then the dollars will roll in, he is certainly mistaken. The business must be entered into as a business, and intelligently, at that. The stock must be well chosen, and well cared for, and well advertised. It is something the same with this busi- ness as it is wilh the queen bee trade. A man may have the best of stock, and rear his queens in tlie best possible man- ner, but no sales will follow unless he lets people know of the merits of his stock. Perhaps some will think that I have a mone}' interest in the sale of Belgian hares. I have no pecuniary interest whatever. The members of the Flint Belgian Hare Association are neighbors of mine, men that I have known for years, and I would like to see them suc- ceed, that is true, but not at the expense of my subscribers. If I were interested in booming the business, regardless of the truth, I would never publish such articles as I have in this issue. I wish to get at the exact truth, as nearly as possible. If any of my readers have any criticisms to offer on what has appeared in the Review, I shall be glad to receive it. Of course, I don't expect to go on filling up the Re- view with articles on Belgian hares, and how to rear and care for them and mar- 26o THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ketthem, and all that, there are journals and books on the subject, but this matter of bee-keepers embarking in the business is sure t come up sooner or later, and I don't think it is out of the way for the Review to consider it to the extent of try- ing to decide whether it is a desirable adjunct to the bee business — provided, of course, that the bee keeper wants an adjunct. *»ll^fc»UF»^U» DI.SPOSING OF THE CROP. So many bee-keepers, after having worked hard all summer, and produced a good crop of honey, almost "fool it away" when it comes to the marketing of the crop. Some lose it entirely by sending it to some irresponsible party. If all of the losses of this kind were known, I think some of us would be surprised. In my travels among bee-keepers I am often surprised to learn how men of apparently good judgment have lost hundreds of dollars by sending a crop of honey to some swindler. Where is the bee-keeper who ships his honey to distant markets and has never been swindled? My losses in this direction have been very small — 25 pounds of comb honey. This hap- pened several years ago, when I lived at Rogersville. Some firm in Detroit wrote and wished to buy my crop of honey, but before making an offer they wished to see a sample. If my honey was nice, white honey, they would pay 15 cents a pound for it. They asked me to send them, by express, a couple of cases. Upon its arrival they would send the pay for it, and make an offer for the whole lot. They referred me to Bradstreet or Dunn, or, if I preferred, I could send the honey C. O. D. Mr. West, who then lived here in Flint, sent seven cases of honey. An- other man living here sent them 20 barrels of cider, having new barrels made expressly to ship the cider in. This firm of swindlers got a large amount of pro- duce from all over the State in just this way. They sold it for cash as soon as it arrived, or else re- shipped it to another State. If one of the dupes went to De- troit he could not find his goods, nor anything else, for that matter, as nothing was stored. It was either sold or shipped at once. Of course, this firm soon found it necessarj' to seek a cooler climate than Detroit, but they had plenty of money with which to buy winter clothing. Above all other considerations towers this one of knowing, positively, within the range of human possibilities, that the firm to which you .send your produce is al)solulely honest and reliable. Better sell your comb honey at ten cents to a firm that you know will pay you ten cents, than to a firm that offers you 15 cents, but about the honesty of which there is the slightest doubt. This is so self-evi- dent that it seems almost like folly to re- peat it, but the transactions of every year show that such advice is abundantly needed. The strong point of these swindlers is that they offer just a little more than the market price. Not enough more to arouse suspicion, but just enough to lead the unsuspecting victim to believe that, all things considered, this market is the best. There is usually some plausi- ble story goes with this offer — some ap- parently reasonable reason why this slight advance in price can be made. Before sending honey to a firm, see how they are quoted in the commercial agencies. Consult their references if they give any. If they don't, then ask for references. This alone will not answer. Swindlers have a way sometimes of getting a fair rating in commercial agencies' books, or of getting good references frotrf some bank by depositing money that may be withdrawn later. A good rating and good reference, count; but, as I have said, they are not everything. In ad- dition to this, I would advise a shipper who is in doubt, to write to the bee jour- nals. A great mass of correspondence goes through the hands of an editor. If a firm is shaky, or is not dealing fairly with its customers, the editor is sure to get a hint of it right away. If a firm THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 261 does not pay, or is unfair in any way, the first thing the victim does is to write to his editor and ask him what to do. A jjjreat many things come to an editor in tliis way that he may not feel at librty to pubhsh. If he did, he might lay himself open to libel; but he can give to a sub- scriber, privately and confidentially, what it would never do to publish. I think that there have been very few, if any, losses where the shipper has con- sulted the editors of the bee journals and they have advised shipment. There are a few dealers in hone\' in this country for whom I would unhesitatingl}' vouch. I would mention them here, only that it would be a reflection upon the honesty of others who may be just as honest, only I am not so sure of it. .\fter the question of honesty and re- liability is settled, comes that of ability and experience. To 'handle honey to the best advantage and get the best prices a man must know something of the busi- ness. I frequently hear of some mau seii'liny: honey to some commission firm, perhaps because he has been sending it other produce, that knows almost noth- ing about the honey business. In such cases honey is almost sure to be sacrificed. Then there is occasionally a dealer or commission man who, while he maj' not be an out and out swindler, that is, he may make some kind of returns for the goods consigned him, yet there is always something wrong. Ivither the honey is badly broken, or the packages are leak- ing, or the bottom has dropped out of the market since the shipment was made. I don't mean to say that none of these things ever happen, but there is occasion- ally a firm that makes such reports, when it thinks it safe to do so, even when they have not happened. Then there are some firms that are very slow pay. As I have said before, write to your bee-keeper edi- tors. All of these things come to their knowledge. The question of whether a man shall sell his crop out and out, or ship on com- mission, is one that lias Ijeen much dis- cussed. Bo^h plans have their advan- tages and disadvantages. If sold out and out for a certain price that has been agreed upon, there is no uncertainty and no chance for a dispute or dissatisfaction. The shipper knows exactly how much he is going to get for it, and when he will get it; provided, of course, that he is dealing with a reliable firm. On the other hand, a dealer can not afford to pay as much cash down, using his own money, as he might be able to get for the goods if he had them on commission. There must be a greater margin for profit if he buys them and puts his own money into them, than when h'e is doing business on the capital of the shipper, and the latter is taking the risk of a change in the mar- ket. If the dealer buys the goods he must buy them at such a price that he " can afford to put his own money into them, and then take his chances of mak- ing a profit. There has been a lot of talk about the commission man doing busi- ness on the other fellow's capital. It is true that he dues, and that is the very reason why he can afford to do it on a less margin. Some shippers limit their commission man. They say, "Get 15 cents for that honey, or don't sell it." I have done this and made money by doing it; and I have also lost by the same operation. I knew one bee-keeper who made a large shipment of comb honey, and limited his commission man, and the result was that most of the honey was held until in Feb- ruary, when it began to candy, and was then sold at a greatly reduced price. As a rule, I think it better not to limit the dealer. He is right on the ground. He knows the markets, the supply and the demand, the prospects, etc., better than does any one else. I would not send my honey to a dealer unless I had confidence in him, and believed that he would do the best he could, and, having put my honey in his hands to sell, I would not turn around and tie those hands. Much has been written and said in favor of developing a home market, and 262 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. of every man selling his own honey, and ail that. If a man has a good home mar- ket, or can develope one, or if he is a good salesman, such a course is all right, but the best locality for producing honey is often .a very poor one for selling, and the best bee-keeper is sometimes the poorest kind of a salesman. In such cases it is wisdom to seek distant mar- kets, and to employ somebody to do the selling. Lastly, conies the question of when to sell, and it is tl;e most puzzling of any. When there is a large crop the tendency of prices is downward The man who sells early, before the fall in prices, is fortunate. Knowing this, there is a ten- dency to rush the honey into market when it becomes known that there is a bountiful crop. This puts the prices down still farther; and the bee journals have been blamed for reporting large crops because such reports tend to lower prices. If there is a short crop it seems to be all right to report it, as it tends to raise prices. This matter of when to sell is one of those questions that each man must decide for himself. If there is a short crop generally, and prices are ad- vancing gradually, it certainly seems safe to hold honey a reasonable length of time. As a rule, however, I would not hold honey until winter. Bro. York recently advised his readers to sell at once if they could get a fair price; and mentioned 14 cents as what he would consider a fair price for comb honey. I think that he is not far out of the way. If I had honey to sell I should hold it at 15 cents. If I could get that I should let it go. If not, then I should hold it and watch the mar- ket. It may possibly go a cent or two above that, but I doubt it. Yes, there is one more little point, and that is zvhcre to sell. It often happens that the dealers in the large centers, like Chicago and New York, do not pay so much for honey as can be obtained in some of the smaller cities. A man with produce of any kind to sell should be alert and watchful. I once sold my entire crop of comb honey in Detroit at 17 cents a pound, when the markets in all of the other cities was onlv 15 cents at the top notch. I saw the quotations in a Detroit daily; took a sample case and skipped at once for Detroit; sold my honev; came home and shipped it the next day; and, within a week, the Detroit market was glutted and prices away down. Last year, at the Springfield, 111., fair, I was offered 12 cents. I stopped at Chicago while on my way home, and was offered 13 cents. I came on home, and did some correspon- dence; finally .selling it to a Columbus, Ohio, firm for 15 cents on board the cars here at Flint. In closing I can only repeat what I said at the beginning: having worked hard and produced a crop, don't fool it away. Don't send it to a swindler, nor an irre- sponsible, or inexperienced commission man, but thoroughly investigate the whole matter, and market your honey in a .safe, intelligent and p'-ofitable manner, instead of simply sending it off hap- hazard, and then kicking yourself after- wards for some loss that might have been prevented. EXTRACTED. DISEASED BROOD. How to Diagnose Foul Brood, Black Brood and Pickled Brood. Notwithstanding all that has been ])ub- lished on this subject, the average bee- keeper is at a loss what to do, when he finds something suspicious in the appear- ance of the brood in .some hive in his apiary. The first question that he wishes settled is. "What is it?" What ails the brood? Is it foul brood, or pickled brood, or is it black brood? I have seen no bet- ter advice on the subject than the follow- ing that I find as an editorial in Gleanings: — THE BEB-KEEPERS' REVIEW 263 I never have any difTiculty in diagnos- iiii; a sample of real foul brood. The symplonis of that disease are so marked tiiat it is very easy for one who is at all actiuainted with its characteristics to de- termine whether or not it is a case of /niii/lus alit'i {iow\ brood ); but to decide between a case of black anil pickled l^rood is not so easy, fi>r the two lot)k very much alike, and under some con- dilions they uiy alike so far as external a])pearances are concerned. Knowing that a good many bee-keepers had sent sam])lesof diseased brood to Dr. Howard, I felt that we could hardly ask him to make such diagnoses without compensa- tion, for he is not in any way connected with an experiment station or any govern- ment work; and a man of his attainments as a bacteriologist ought not to be asked to perform a difficult service of this kind, requiring years of preparation and study, for nothing. .As yet, I know of no one in this countrv who has been able to dis- criminate between one and the other absolutely. Black brood, as we know, is decideilly contagious — perhaps more so tlian foul brood, and (juite as destructive. Tickled brood is a mdd form of disease, but so far as I know it is not very de- structive. Very often it will disappear of itself, and in any event a mild treatment will eradicate it entirely. We will suppo.se that a bee-keeper dis- covers something in one of his colonies that looks suspicious to sa)' the least. If he can know absolutelv, by sending a .sample to some competent expert, that he h's neither black brood nor f^ul brood, this knowledge may be worth to him hundreds and possibly thou.sands of dollars. \ery recently a f|ueen breeder, who has some .srm nuclei, and who is carrying on the business of cjueen-rearing very exten- sivelv. sent a sample of disea.sed brood, desirinir us to wire him at once what it was. The sample came duly to hand, and I immediatelv wired back, " Not foul brood — possibly bhick or pickled brood." At the time of sending a sample to me he sent one to Dr. Howard also, and the latter verv proni])tlv wired him that it was nothing worse than pickled brood. This information was worth to him hun- dreds of dollars; otherwise he would ha\e withdrawn his advertising, broken up his nuclei, practically throwing away a .splendifl trade in rpieens. at the same time ruining his business perhaps for all time to come. He had onlv one case in his yaM, and that was jiromptly dis- posed of. While we are perfectly willing to per- form such services as far as we are able, Dr. Howard can not aflFord to do them for the mere love of the pursuit. I wrote him. asking him what it would be worth to diagnose diseased samples of brood, and he replied that he thought he coidd afford to do it for ;f2. 00; and this I re- gard as very reasonable, considering that he may have to spend hours with the microscope; .so I would suggest that doubtful samples be sent to Dr. W. R. Howard, Fort Worth, Texas, with a let- ter of explanation, and don't forget to send the monev. In a letter recently received from Dr. Howard, he gives specific directions bv which every bee-keeper can diagnose to some extent for himself. Of the three particular brood diseases he gives the following diagnostic signs: — roi'L UROon. Gn'n-LiKE consistence of the mass, and the offensive smell. Bl.ACK UROOD. JELLV-LIKK consistence of the mass, the absence of ropine.ss noticed in foul brood, and the peculiar sonr-like smell. I'ICKLEI) BROOD. Always watery, turning black after being attacked with the mucor fungus — a 1)lack mould — and by lacing the lar\':c in a sterilized chamber, keeping warm and dark, in three or four days the white fungus of pickled brood appears, " I nearlv always place a new larvte of every speci- men of all kinds of dead brood. Foul brood and black brood are attacked with a fungus, though kept for months. INTRODUCING OUEENS. The Use of Tobacco Smoke in This ()])eratii)n. Since I published what I did last month in regard to introducing queens, several have written me in regard to their suc- cess in using tobacco smoke. The follow- ing query that stands at the head of a short editorial in Oleanings reminds me very much of the ones that come to me. It reads as follows: — Last summer I lost six queens in intro- ducing according to directions .sent out by breeders; but I quit that method and took .\. I. R.'s method, hinted at in an old edition of the A B C, u.sing tol acco smoke at sundown. Out of 36 I never lost one. Why don't you recommend it more? B. F. JoNES. Idaho Falls, Idaho, May 7. The editor of Oleanings re])lies as follows: — 264 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Tobacco smoke for the purpose of handling bees should be used very spar- ingly and carefully. It is hardly safe to advise beginners to use it, for its effect is to stupefy the whole colony; and if the fumes ar? administered during the day there will be an hour or two hours, per- haps, when the bees, slightly intoxicated, would put up no defense whatever at the entrances. If during the robbing season, the}- would allow robbers to come right in pellmell and help thcmiselves; hence tobacco smoke is recommended for use only at night But even then I suspect the introduction could be accomplished almost as well without the weed. The best time to introduce queens is tOvvard night. We once relensed two dozen queens right among the bees, and evrry one was accepted. The queens in tliis case were some that came through the mails badlv daubed, and reached us just at nightfall. Nothing remained but to let the queens run loose and take their chances, and we were very greatly sur- prised the next morning to find all of them apparently nicely accepted. In peculiarly stubborn cases tobacco smoke may be used, especially where the bees are determined to ball the queen, anfl we have positive evidence that the bees are queenless I have made a col- onv so "beastlv drunk" (pardon the ex- pression ) that when the bees finally re- covered from their spree they accepted the queen, when befoie that they would ball her on sight. Our practice now is to use smoke only during fair titne, for, unfortunately, our county fairgrounds are within an eighth of a mile of our apairy; and during the time the stands are iiiaking taffv, selling watermelons, lemonade, and the like, our bees woidd prove to be a great nui- sance unless we w-ent around to all the hives and gave a smudging of tobacco smoke. This is done in the morning, about S:oo o'clock, and another dose is given about r :f>o o'clock. Half a dozen puffs of smoke are blown in at the entran- ces, all over the apiary. If the colonies are a// stuiiefied there will be no danger from robbing. This stnudging keeps the bees at home. But care should be exer- cised, as there is dantjer of overdoing it, and also danger of not doing r;/^>«i,'// of it; for if they have once got a taste of the sweets over at the fairgrounds it takes a gi eat deal of stupefying to keep them at home. The point that queens are more likely to be accepted when released at night is well taken. The queens being daubed with honey may have had soiuething to do with the success. Laying all these points aside, let me ask if any one has lost a queen when using tobacco smoke? BELGIAN HARES. Beware of the Fairy Tales ReKarding the Profits to he Made in Tlieir Production. On this subject of Belgian hares the Review has published an article bj' Prof. Cook, also one by the president of the Jh'lint Belgian Hare Association, Dr. Bela Cogshall. Both of these articles have shown up the industry in a very favora- ble light. In this issue there is a short article by Mr. H. D. Biirrell, in which he does not consider the business in the light of a bonanza. I ceriainly wish to show up .the business in its true ligiit, and, in looking over the Country Gentleman the other day I came across an article by Mr. T. F. McGrew, of New York city, in which the somber side of the business is certainly painted in dark enough hue. It reads as follows: — A few 3'ears since, I predicted that the broiler-duck business was being overdone when considered from the stan(l])oint of making money. It is true that those who are best established do and will make a profit at the duck-raising busi- ness; but the margin is too small to en- tice those who fully understand its con- ditions to embark in the enterprise in the hope of making a fortune. It is just the same with the Belgian hare luror. The journals are full of wilil statements of many hundred dollars being paid for single s]iecimens, and that thousands of dollars are going to England to secure the be^t that can be found, and we are told of the great profits to be made in producing them for meat food. I have produced many hundred rabbits of the LopKar and Dutch breeds; none could be more delicite than the Dutch variety, and the Lop-Ear is one of our very largest. I had the most approved hutch svstem that could be built, and I sold my product all over the countrj' as fancy stock; but my experience was that those kept in hutches did not have the THE BEE-KEEPEkS' REVIEW 265 same flavor as meat food as did those we gave limited freedom, or as the wild rabbit. As a fancy, the handliiij^ of rabbits or hares is most attractive. It is quite in- teresting to stndy the influence of color and form from matinijs made. Bnt the practical question is to produce the Bel- gian hare fur meat food at a profit. If they are producetl to any grent • extent, those who raise tlie-n tnust look to the large cities to consume the bulk of the product, which must be sold, if sent to tliese populated centers, at the market l)rice I turn to our market book and find I paid at our nient market. December 9 last, just 35 cents for two rabbits; De- cendjer 19, 40 cents per pair, all dressed ready for u«e. Now, if rabbits can be sold to fam lies in our meat tnarkets of New York, all ready to cook, at 20 cents e.ich, what will be the price when raised by the thou-;ands? There is some kind of rabbit fur, or hair, imported into this country and used, I believe, in making hats. It may be that the fur of the hare would do for this purpose. If so, it would add to the value of such a product, and might aid in mak- ing their production profitable. But I do not believe it is possible to raise a rabbit of any kind to three months old, if kept in hutches or pens, for 20 cents each in fool alone, care and housing not consid- ereil. If kept longer, the cost will be more. This is no idle estimate, for my experience with them for over ten years has shown me the amoimt of food con- sumed In' both the larger Lops and the smaller Dutch, and to make a profit on them as food one must find a market for them at a price considerably above the foofl consumed. I have heard it said that thousands of them are sold at S2.0.0 a pair for food meat: but just where they are sold is not mentioned, and why they should sell for five times the price I paid in December for them in our mrket is a question I cannot answer. It is true that the Bel- gian hare is larger than our vvihl rabbit, but by the time they are full-sized I am sure they will consume, if kept in hutches, fully 50 cents in cost of food, and to rear them even at this cost, the greate.st care nuist be exercised, and the plainest and cheapest food must be used. If a market can be found for thetn at paying prices, their production is very easy. Bnt I hardly believe they can be produced in hutches and put in good con- dition for market at a cost of 50 cents each. Rabbits must be in good con- ditioa or they will be very slow of sale, as educated people consider them only as a \A inter food, and it will take considera- ble training to teach the ])eople to eat them during the spiiiig and summer. You will also find many who believe their flesh injurious as a food at any time. All llicse conditions are factors for con- sideration when contem])lating their pro- duction for market. If it were simply a question of producing, we all know with what ra])idit3' they increase. But the facts are that a market for them in quan- tities must be created and at a price over the cost of production. Ever}- one can be informed as to their cost in his own home market. Whh this information at hand, under present conditions, it is quite easy to calculate their value under largely inci eased production. With properly constiucted warrens, the cost of production would be much less than in hutches. The very ]ioorest kinds of lands can be used for warrens, but they must be properly enclosed, so that the rabbits can neither get out by digging nor through the fences. Such construct- ed warrens might prove profitable where breeding in hutches would fail. The only question is the ability to produce them at a cost less than thev will sell in the open market, and to calculate to have them ready for ihe winter months. For the benefit of vour readers. I called on one of the largest handlers of poultry and game of all kinds in this city, and asked him about the Belgian hares as a salable product. I was informed that there was no sale for them except during winter months; that they were not a favorite food in the market with any classes; that they sold the past winter to a limited extent at from -^o to 75 cents per pair, and weighed from S to i 2 lbs. per pair. It was not thought by the dealer that the demand for them had increased in the last few years, nor did he know of any reason why it should increase in the near ftiture. Belgian hares are a species of rabbit. Thev, 1 ke all rabl)its, produce young in litters of from six to as many as fourteen I the larger number quite rare); while I believe it is the habit of the English hare to produce in pairs. The Belgian hare is the rabbit from Belgium, and is called the Belgian hare because it has much the shape of the English hare, having long fore legs and the slim formation at shoul- der. Tlie Belgian hare is by no means a new production. I have known of them for twenty-five years. Twenty years ago thev were largely l)reil in England as a fancy rabbit, and were used to cross with silver greys for producing for the market. 266 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Honey Quotations. Th" followias rales for RradiuK honey were adopted hy the North Americau liee Keepern' AwHociiitiou, at it« WiisliiiiKton nioetiiig, and, ho far as poHsihle, ijuotatiousare made accordiuK to these rules . Fancy.— 'Ml sections to be well filled ; comhs s^rail?ht, of even tlnrkness, and firmly attached to all four sides; hoth wood and coml) nnsoiled hy trav.'l-stain.or otherwise ; all tlio colls sealed excropi tiie row o' .■•lis next tlie wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few colls nn:t»*^-»* SHirPIXa Our No-Drip Cases are CASES . slill ill tlie lead. We keep conslaiillv on hnnd a large assortiiieiU fro;n 12 pound size u ). We also make special sizes to onler. That Root's cases are in demand is shown by the fact tliat one dealer alone has ordered 16,000 this season. COMB Not too late yet to FOUNDATION o"!^'' comb ft)unda- tion for the fall flow. If you order Root's Weed Process you may be sure you will he pleas^^d with the result. We keep in stock the four fjrades in boxes of i, 2, 3, 5, 10 or 25 lbs. A sniall order has the same attention as an order for a ton. WINTER Our Winler-Cases are made CASUS ^^ ^^^'" lumber dovetailed at the corners with a tele- scope cover. The cost is only 75 rents each singly, yet for convenience tliey are unsurpassed and only excelled bv the CliafF hive in the proleciion afi'orded. Don't let your bees winterkill or spring- dwindle when you can avoid it by using our Winter-Cases. HONF,V Do you use labels for I ABFJ S your honey? Are they really attractive labels? If you do not you may be losing many sales because your honey lacks attractive- ness. Vou can't e.xpect to market your honey at the best price unless you use every care in putting it up. Send for our Label catalog and see our one, two and three-color labels. niCYCij.s AT COST In trade for honey at market prices. Having sold a car- load of bicycle crates we took in trade a quantity of wheels, which we will sell at cost. These are Jjo.oo wheels. Our price, 1 1 7.00 cash, or f 20.00 in trade for honey or wax. Catalog and full particu- lars on application. SPFCIAI, This is the time you COODS ^^^■-'uld order odd size "^ or special goods. Our busy season is over and we can do most any work in wood you want, either for bee-keepers or others. We make a specially of packing boxes from the size of a section box up. Let us figure with vou. FFFDFRS How about 3'our winter stores? Are you sure your bees have enough? Should it be necessary to feed you can't do it easier than with our Division-Board Feeder. This is made to hang like a frame in a Langstroth hive. Price, 20 cents each compkti — Less in quantities. RTJBBFR This is the time of year QJ OVES y°^' need gloves, for robbers are about and bees are harder to handle than earlier. Take comfort with a pair of our gloves. Ladies' sizes, Nos. 6, 7, 8 and 9.. $1.35; postage, 5c. Cents' sizes, Xos. 10, II and 12 1.44; " 5c. l-:.xtralongdriving,Nos. i3and 14 1.70; " 10c. Mark size of hand on sheet of paper when ordering. If you order by num- ber, remember that in rubber you need two sizes larger than you wear in kid; i. e., if you wear No. 6 in kid you will need No. 8 rubber. ««*»<» ir« »^k^k»^^m/'»»lt»li*»'»' The A. I. Root Company, Medina, 0. 268 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED Birmingham SteelStrings ^IIMJ^"^ tor Violin, Guitar, Mandolin. Banjo "l^O Finest Made. Extra Plated. nuPI ftlflr Warranted not to rust. Send for Catlg JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer 811. 813. 815. 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mention the Reuleui. —If you are going to— I5t[Y A BtlXZ-SAW, write to the editor of the Review. He has a new BarneR saw to sell and would bo glad to make you haopy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Queens, Nucl i and Gclonios. Besf of Honey Gatherers. per wants. Satisfaction guaranteed S. p. CULL.EY, Higipsvill?, A\o. Queens. Our Fall Specialties Are your Fall Necessities-^ W. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, $2.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, $r.oo; 6 for fc.oo. Untested, 75 cts.; 6 for I4.00. H. Laws, Round Rock, Texas. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. SHIPPING CASES, FIVE GALLON CANS, DANZ CAR- TONS, AND CASH OR TRADE FOR BEES^VAX^^. Send for Catalog. M H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich. DOBS IT PAY? To bnv poor queens, or those selected to give very yellow bkks, when you can get a strain ot vellow bees that for years has been bred tor HONEY (FATHERING and pROLiK icNESS? Here is a sample unsought testimonial: ■ •■Some of the queens I got of you are won- derful layers; in fact, I have been able to get hold of uch stock only once before. Thos. Brodericks. -See back ads. and circular. Moravia, N. Y." FOR TRIAL I offer : warranted queen tor 60 cts.; ^ for Si..So; select for So cts.; 3 for 1,2 25; ordinaW tested, 75 cts.; select queens, tested, Si.oo to 51.50; best, S2. 00 and upward, J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla. . THE .. QUEEN CRANK Occasiouallv has some second-class queens as to color of offspring that are first-class ui every other respect That is, three-band bees predom- inating from golden mothers, and rather than palm them off as untested, he sells them at 50 cts each Wh n five-band bees predominate and do not exceed 80 per cent, they are ^^^rt^?':""; From this up to 95 per cent, Si. 25. .f higher grade but not uniformly marked, $1.50, and breeders ^2.oo each. Untested, either three or five-band, 75 cts each, or three for >2.oo. W. H. PRIDGEN, (Money order Creek, Warren Co., N. C. office, , , „, Warrenton, N. C.) 6- 00-2 1 Bxhibition Hives. I shall probably make no more exhibitions of bees and honey at fairs I have too many other irons in ihe fire. I have about a dozen nucleus exhibition hives that I would sell for 50 cents each. They are nicely made, with glass in one side and w'ire cloth on the other. Six of them are painted a bright vermillion and the others a bright blvie. They are of the right size for tak- ing one I^angstroth frame. They cost $1.00 each to make them. I also have about 100 of the old-style Heddon super, of the right size to use on an 8-frame, dovetailed hive. This is the best super there is if no seperators are used. They cost 20 cents each to make them when lumber was cheap. They are w^ell painted and just as good as new, but I would sell them at 15 cents each. W, Z. Uutcbinsoa, Flint, Micb, THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 269 ■amnfaiiiiHiinmfiiniiiiifminigiiiiiniiBHniinfiiiiiiiiiaiiiitiiiigniiinngiittiiiifiiiiiiiiifiiiiuniaiininii imuiiu^ i|>iiiiriaidiiiii«iuiiiii!liMJni>iijiiiiiiuiiiiiU!ii|iiiiiiii'|iiiiiiii«i>iuiiM8iiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiwi i i • i i ■iiiiua ■Kiiin I i BLACK aniaaanBnwa«;fiiiiBiiiimanmmiBuii>iiiBinnnaBiinii|amiiiniiaiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiii!li' ■ <>a9^u>ii:aiiBiNiiiliiiniiiuiiluiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'gii i B»i>« i I I i Biiina i i aiwa i ; i , aoniiB "T 5 H 0 V<5 CJ * XT ■3' 5» r9 Tl 09 CO t-K v» 5' 3 0 a- -3 I c < 3 3 I -n 0 0 m •3 H (^ 0 < rj n^ X • -^ (^ b ^ "< c ^ vr > 01 n a- V) -< Vi a. 5" "\3 2, 3 v: V) c 0 K • 3 v>- ■* •-»• 0 to^ ** * r*- 1 ^ NO 0 vi* v\ 0 iiigiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiBiniitii;giiiiiiiii|iiiiniiiaiiiiiiniguiiiiittBiiiiiiiiiB iiiibiiiiiiiii! ailiiuiiiiiiiiimiiiliiiiiunliiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiifiiiilHliliiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiliiiiliuiiliiij Wrr? Beirnber, Of Mt. Pleasant, Mich., has his own saw-mill, and a factory fully equiped with the latest machinery, located right in a pine and basswood region, and can furnish hives, sections, frames, separators, shipping cases, etc., at the lowest possi- ble prices. Making his own foundation enables him to sell very close. Send for samples and prices before buying, and see how you may save money, time and freight. Bee-keepers' supplies of all kinds kept in stock. 12-99-it llllBIIIIIIIII|lllllllNf llliniCBIIIIinnBlliMlllrBIIIIIIIIIBIIIIIIIIiaillllllliaillllllKBIIIIIIIIiBI iii'lniiiiiii|iiiiiuiiliiijiiii!|iilijiiii|jiiiiui<|iiiiiiiii|iiiiiiii'|iiiiiibliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiili Dittrner's Foupdz^tiorj At Wbol«52klc annm(j ii.-b """«B'i''>"«§'ninigiininiBimt,iiigmiit|inimnaaiiimBiiiiriiii|iiiiiiiiii iiiililiaiiuuaaiiiivnniHuiiuiiwiiwianiwiaaiiuiiwiiiuiaiuiiiiiliiiiiiitiainoiiUiliiuip 270 THB BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Settling the Meat Question. I f NEARLY every one who is thinking of engaging: in the business of rear- ^ ing Belgian Hares, asks in regard to the profits to be made in rearing © and selling them for their meat. Eventually, the bu'^iness will prob- ^ ably reach that basis, but the man who embarks in the business now need g not trouble himself abOut that feature for two or three years, at the most; © and, by that time, his profits will have been so great that he can afford to ^ gii'e away what stock he has o!i hand, if he can't sell it. The returns are ^ ver}' quick. The profit is in rearing the very finest, pedigreed stock. It © costs more to start, but the other expenses are no greater, while the profits are many titnes greater. A pair of hares that cost, say, $40.00, will, at a most conservative estimate produce 50 young in seven months. Even at fc.oo a bead, which is far below what choice, pedigreed stock brings, the returns wouM be $2^0.00 in seven months, from an investment of about $50.00. Where is there another business which offers such profits? We know, that, for the next two or three years, our stock will be taken at high figures, just as fast as we can raise it At present we are not worr3'ing any about the meat question. The man who goes in nozt\ and goes in fi^/it, is going to make some money. There is nothing surer than this. For de- scriptive circulars and prices, address ^ I I The Flint Beh^ian Hare Association, Ltd. I j Flint, Michigan | \ ' I I have Beveral hnucired QUEEN CAGES of ditTerciit KtyleH arid sizeB, ni;iclH Ijy (!. VV. C()Sti»llow. and 1 sill 111 Id be plt^awpd to Hond (^ani- pJes and prices to nuy inteuding to buy ("iKea. W. Z. HuTOHiNSON. F'lint, Mich. THE A. /. ROOT CO., 10 VINE ST., PHILADELPHIA. PA BEE - SUPRLIES. Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doints. We want to save you freight. — If yon wish the best, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the oilitf)r of tho Kkvikw. He hart an Odidl. taken in payment for ailvcrtiHititr, and iie would be pleased to H(>nd deHcr'ptive cin-idHrs or ic secured. To im- prove your slock, get the vkkv hkst that you can for breeding purpo.ses. and with this stock your apiary; then watch carefully, and breed from those colonies that do the best. Cont nue this year aftc year, and you will be surprised at the results. This matter of beginning with as good stock as you can get, is all-important. Don't lose years of time by commencing with common or inferior stock. Get the best; and thus be able to com- mence right where some other breeder left off. ( P. S. — For the first lime, I am now able to As explained in previous advertisements, I am selling queens from slock upon the development of which a good man has spent twenty years; making cro.sses, and then each year selecting the best to breed from. I have several times tried this strain, and know it to lie the best that I have ever tried. The price of these queens will be $1 50 each. This may stem like a high price, but the man who pays it will make dollars where this breed- er and myself make cents: and when you come to read the conditions under which they are sold, it will not seem ..o high. The queens .sent out will all be j'oung queens, just beginning to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicinity, it is not likely that any will prove impurely mated. If any queen should prove to be impurely m,at- ed, another will be sent free of charge. Safe arrival in first-class condition will be guaranteed. Instructions for introducing will be sent to each purchaser, and if these instructions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all: if, at anj' time within two years, a purchaser, ior any reason what- ever, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be refund- ed, and 50 cents extra sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seen that the purchaser runs NO RISK WHATEVER. If a quecu does not arrive in good'condilion, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is .sent. If she should prove impurely mated, another is sent. Jf the queen proves a poor layer, or the stock does not come up to the expectations, or there is any rea- son why the bargain is not satisfactory, the queen can be returned and the money will be re- funded, and the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. I could not make this last promise if I did not KNOW that the stock is really superior. I said that the price would be $1.50 each. There is only one condition under which a queen will be sold for a less price, and that is in connection with an advance .sub.scription to the Review. Any one who has already paid me, or who will pay me, $1.00 for the Review for 1900, can have a queen for $1.00. That is, you can have the Review for igfio and a queen for 52.00. Of course, all arrearages previous to 1900 mu.st be paid up before this offer will hold good This special offer is made with a yiew to the getting of new subscribers, and as an inducement to old sub- .scribers to pay up all arrearages and to paj- in advance to the end of next year. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. fill orders for these queens by return mail.) 272 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. t\diT)y Irr)proverr)eot5 Tbis Yee^r. We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of hee-supplies. The followinjj are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than .heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Hig)^insville Smoker is much improved, lart^er than heretofore, and better mate- rial is used all throuj^h. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fa^ener — well, it is a daisy now, .sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be worked by the foot. Tb^ Heclcloo Hive. .\nothcr valuable adjunct to our manu- facuire is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not hesitate to .say that it is the best all round hive ever put upon the market; and we are pleased to state that we have made arraiigemenls with JMr. Heddon to the end that we can sup])ly these hives; and the right to use them goes with the hives. Honey Extrevctors. Our Honey Extractors are highly orna- mental, belter manufactured; and, while the castings aie lighter, they are more durable tlian heretofore, as they are made of superior material. Tvast, but not least, comes the Pragressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved, being brimful of good thini;? from the pens of some of the best writers in our land; and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price, only 50 cts. per year. Send for a co]>y of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the I'rogres- sive Bee-Keeper. Address Ejkst St. Lous, Ills. LEAHY /Afg. <50., %. i i I Gontpaetion |j Honey pp[] Extractor 8i!LE Of the brood-nest can be made very profitable if practiced in the riyht manner, with the right kind e)f hives and apj^hances, in the ris^lit locaHtv and in the rij^ht time of the season. The reverse will prove true if mis- takes are made. Vour locality ma^' be one in which contrac- tion, if rightly managed, would put many dollars into your pocket. An of these points are fully explained in one of the chapters of Advanchd Bkk CULTi'RE. Besides thi.s, the book contains 31 other chapters n e cjually important subjects. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year ( and twelve back numbers ) and the book for only I1.25. W. Z. HUTCHIM50N, Flint, y^icb. I have a nearly new, Van Allen & Williams Honey Ex- tractor for sale. It has four baskets of the right size for ex- tracting Langstroth combs, and they can be reversed automati- cally— without stopping the ma- chine. The regular price of this machine is |;2o.oo, but, as this has been used some, I will sell it for $15.00. I would exchange it for bees, or anything else I could use. H. E. HiLili, P^'^'^^"' i Fla. Wc have a Ltapge Stoek, and ean fill Orders Promptly. Send us 3-our orders for hives, extractors, or anything that yo!i want in the bee-keeping li:ie. We make only the best. Our Falcon Sections and Weed Process Foundation are ahead of anything, and cost no more than other makes. New catalogue and a copy of The American Kee-Keeper free. W. T. Falconer A^fg. 60., J.\MKSTO\VN, N. Y. {Tr/r W. M. Gerrish, East Not- ingham, N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalogue prices. flo Fish-Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the Van Deusen, fiat - bottom foundation is used. This stjde of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a very thin base, with the sur{:)lus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely be distinguished from that built wholly by the bees. Being so thin, one pound will fill a large number of .sections. All the Tiouble of wiring brood frames can be avoided by using the Van Deusen wired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. d. VAfl DEUSHN, Sprout Brook, N. Y. M i I I I i 874 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. iii|l|!|||BiiHiiniiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiiiiiiiimi|iiiiiniiiiiiiiuii|iniiniiiiiiiiii>|iiiiiiii!iiii li|iiil|l:iii!l|iiuiiiii|iiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiiiliiiiiliiilHyiiiiiiliilii[l|illliiii:lw ■iiiiin iiimii iiMiii| iiiiiiii BLACK an«a HYBRID QUEEN5, In fact, all inferior Queens should be replaced with good young ones. With such queens you will have better suc- cess in wintering and a strong colony for the earliest honey-flow. I am a honey producer, as well as a queen breeder, and know the value of a good queen in a honey hive. 1 have selec- ted for my mother queens those that I consider perfect in every respect. Their bees are large, gentle, and won- derful honey gatherers. My drone mothers are also carefully selected. Qu9«ns go by Return VA*^''- I I'ntested Queen, socts.: 12 for 5.50. I Tested Queen, Si .00; 5 for $5.50; 12 for 58.50. Write for prices on larger numbers. $10.00 REWARD! To the person who sends me the rnost money for queens between April i and November i, 1900. §i!!i»! w. 0. VICTOR, |iiini| Wharton, Texas. '""""jiii "iiiiii; ■ iiiiinsiiiiii iHiiiiMiiiBiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiitiiaiiitiniiaiiiiMiiiaiii! tmahiiiiiii |iiiiii|iiii iiiimiuii'i liliillflllNil :llliliuiil """"""' lli'Blllllllil imliir..ilil UllBlllliKII iiiiiiii |ini:ii T ^ 3 TJ H liiiuii iiiml 11 0 VS. 5' 0 W 0 ■iiiiiip rt^ V> 5* iniiiii 3 0 jr < (9 a a. 3 VQ 3 X c p iiiiiiii iiiiiiii i li X < 0 0 ■3 0 0 ■3 0 m •3 0 H X • iiiiiiii iiiM;i§ -1 c XT 5> a. > iiiiini n a- 3 0 V) 5' 1 = v v> Cu 0 ■ IIIIIIB K • 3 Vh "^ iiiiiiii lllllll§ liiiiiii rK no' 0 1 vn NO 0 liiliniBiininiifiiniiiKaiiiiiniainininfiiiiininiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiygiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiBiinim^ iiiiiiwliiiiiijiliiiiiiuiliuiiiiiilmmiiiliiiihiiiiiiliiiii'liililiiiiiiiljiliiiliiiiiiinliiiiiiiiiliiiiiw 1 1 Wrr) Ba^rnber, ( ! i"""i iiiml i 1 Of Mt. Pleasant, Mich., has i i !"'"! « i i i his own saw-mill, and a factory i = l""-'l aimiii I I fully equiped with the latest i I l"""9 T ^ s J i i machinery, located rieht in a 11 i"""8 BIIIHI i i pine and basswood region, and I I I 1 . BIIIMII = = can furnish hives, sections, = i !"""i BiiiiNi frames, separators, shipping | I cases, etc. , at the lowest possi- | I iiiiiiii ble prices. Making his own | \ aim"! foundation enables him to sell | \ Bliini very close. Send for samples | ; Blllllll and prices before buying, and I \ see how you may save money, | aiiiiiii time and freight. Bee-keepers' \ supplies of all kinds kept in \ stock. 12-99-it I giiiiiig |iiiii| JIIIIIIB iiiiiiia iiimii ' 'iiiiiniiBiii!iHiiBi!ii!iiiiaiinniiiBiiii!inigiininiig|iii|iiii|rii|iiin|ii)iiinigimiiinitiiiiniii iiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiii»BiiiiiiiiiaiiinuiiiiliijiuiaiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiaoiJi>i«iniiiiuii B"!"l liiiiiiiiilliiliiina I iiiiiiiiiiljiliiiiiii iiiiii:aiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiiiiiBiiiiiin> powerfnl. rich tf)ne tnau some in- struments herf> that cost sevi ral times as much. I wish to skII 'hisou Hr. and would accept one- half nice, white extracted lumey in payment, the biUance cash. It will be sent on a five flays' trial, and if not »Mitiri-ly satisfactory can be re turned and the ptirchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCUliN^iON. Flint, Mich. G. M« liONG, t'edar iVlines. Iowa, mann- factnn-r i)f and dealer in \piariaa Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please ■n'/ition the Reaieu). I am advertising for B. F. Stratton & Son, music dealers of New York, and taking my pay in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. I have already bought and paid for in this vpay a guitar and violin for my girls, a flute for myself, and one or two guitars for some of my subscribers. If you are thinking of buying an instrument of any kind, I should be glad to send you one on trial. If interested, write me for des- criptive circular and price list, saying what kind of an instrument you are thinking of getting. \V. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Bee keepers should send for our OO CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices, Our specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK. 62 Cortland St, N. Y. City f^ake Youp Ovs^n Hives. 3ee - Keepers Will save money by usinj,'' our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-uc. W.F.&Jf.O.BARNESCO., 3.H4 Rnby St.. Rockford, Ills. I OO 7t mm m^x^^- 276 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. > > (U (U Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers are looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your name on a postal card, will bring you prices of qneens, bees, nuclei, bee supplies, aiid a catalogue giving full particulars, with a full treati.se, on how to rear queens, and Viee-keepitig for profit, and a sample cop\' of "The .Southland Queen," the only bee paper published in the Soiith. All free for the asking. 3-99-tf THEjnNNm ATCHI^nV CO., Beeville, Bee Co. Texas. FOR SALE. Apiary of 40 colonies o i Golden Italia ns, in lo-frame Doolittle hives, together willi fi.vtures. Everything up to date. Also beautiful buildings, eonsistinig of ,S-rooni, 2-story dwelling, barn and other oul"- buildings. Teach and pear trees, grapes, etc., in bearing. No disea.se. Healthv cl ma'e Mild winters. Xo better locality to be had 'han this to those who desire to embark in the bee busi- ness. Average yield of surplus hone}-, 50 pounds to the colony. Thotographs sent to those inter- ested. J. W. MINER, Jiondn, N. c. Bee- les. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's honey jars. Prompt service. IvOw freight. Catalog free. Walter S. Ponder, 512 Mass. Ave,, Indianapolis, Indiana. Only exclusive bee-supply house in Ijid. flease ntctttion the Rcuiew. YOU CAN MAKE MON a Y RAH'JDLY IN THE BELGIAN HARE BUSI NESS START RIGHT and MANAGE RIGHT. The first step is to secure the Best Pedigrkki) Stock, this you can get at a leasonable price from the Fli!.l BclEia:i Hare Iiwa\u Ltd. IPI-jIN'T l^IOH. Write for Circular and Price List and other Belgian Hare information. MY GOLDEN AND LEATHER - COLORED Italian Queens Are bred for business and beauty. I furnish queens to the leading queen breeders of the U. S., and have testimonials from satisfied customers in the U. S. and foreign lands. Give me a share of your orders— they will be filled promptly. Tested queens, before June 1st, <: 50 each. After June is", tested queens, either strain, Si-ooeach; untested, 75 cts. each. One-frame nucleus with queen, $1.50; two-frame, $2.50; three-frame, $3.25. J. W. MINER, Ronda, \. C. 4-00-tf GOLDEN ITALIAN QUEENS Which give .satisfaction are the kind that H. G. Quirin .sends out. The A. I. Root Couip.iny tell us that our stock is extra fine. Give us a trial order for our Sni^nCTBD STOCK, and see how well we can ])lease yi u. All queens sent PROMPTLY BY RHTl'RN M.AIL, with safe delivery guaranteed. Have bred cjiieens for 12 years. Price of queens after June: I 6 12 Ordinary, warranted, - Selected, warranted, - - Tested, .Selected tested, - - - Kxira .selected tested, the best that money can buy, 3.00 Address all orders to H. G. QUIRIN, PARKHRTOWN, HRIF. CO., O. .'^0.50 52.75 $5.00 7.S 4.00 7 00 I.(X) 5.00 9.00 1.50 8.00 T ^e (|)ee-)\eepeps' jACX^ietS: A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hor]ey Producers. $L00 A YEAR. W. Z, HDTCfliNSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL XII, FLINT. MICHIGAN. SEPTEMBER 10 l?00. N0.9. MANAGING AN OUT- APIARV FOR EXTRACT- ED HONEY. BY H. P. MINER. As to my methods in niana.L,niig the out- apiary shown on the opposite page, there certainly is nothing new, unless it be the w/.mianagenient; as I practice doing only such work as is absolutely necessary. The apiary is located with a well-to-do farmer, who keeps watch of the bees, and fences the same against stock; boards myself and help while there, for which he gets one-fifth of the honey. Besides the share of honey, he receives 50 cents each for hiving swarms; hence it will be seen that it is necessary for me to visit the apiary only occasionally. My first visit in the spring is generally about the first week in April, when I re- move the chaff, take off the burlap, and corncobs that 1 use as a Hill's device, re- place the frame-covers that are used in summer, and, after seeing that the bees have a queen and plenty of honey for two weeks or more, I dump back the chaff into the winter case to confine the warmth. About May ist they are again over- hauled, chaff taken off for the summer, queenless colonies requeened or united, when I leave them until May 15. . At this visit (May 15) there are generally a few swarms, although not always; supers are added, depending on the strength of the colonies, seldom more than one super per hive at one time. From May 15th this apiary is generally looked after about once in ten da3-s until October ist; as it has an almost continu- ous, lig/it, honey-flow, commencing with soft maple, then in the following order, elm, boxelder, willow, dandelion, rasp- berry, white clover, bassvvood, mannuoth clover, then the wild flowers of the river continue until freezing weather in the fall destroys the last ones — the asters. This light flow, lasting all summer, makes it necessary to use large hives holding II frames 11 x I7^:s inches. I have 9 and lo-franie hives, but they are not the thing for this apiary. There are swarms from May loth until September ist. I had one new swarm September ist that built its comb from starters, and gave a surplus of 20 pounds, besides having plenty for winter. This, however, is an exception. The extracting is done only when the dark honey of fall flowers is likely to dis- color the light honey; and I pile on the empties as long as I can; sometimes 278 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. nearly as high as a person; but I always place the empty one underside. When I extract, if alone, I first remove the supers, which are mostly shallow {5}i X 175^ inches outside of frame) by first smoking down the bees, then prying off and shaking the rest of the bees back into the hive, and set the supers upon a wheel-barrow, and wheel the supers directly into the honey house; putting them crosswise of each other so as to give the other bees a better chance to leave; when they fly directly to the win- dows which are covered with screens, with a bee-escape at the top; and, in a short time, all have left the house. The uncapping can is set close beside the 6-frame Cowan extractor; combs are uncapped, extractor filled, given a proper speed and allowed to run of itself while another batch of frames are uncapped to again fill it; meanwhile occasionally giv- ing the extractor a few turns to keep up the motion. The honey is drawn off into 5-gallon cans, which cost me less laid down at my station than the supply deal- ers quote them; and I consider them cheaper in the end than barrels. Toward evening the empty supers are replaced on the hives, and by morning all are clean and no robbing done. About October ist to loth the supers are all removed from the hives and the bees left a few days to quiet down to their now much smaller hives, the chaff is then replaced on top of frames, after having first placed three cobs on top of the frames, crosswise, for a Hill's device, then a sheet of burlap, and, last, the chaff. They are then left on their sum- mer stands until the following spring with no further care, unless it be to some- times shovel away the snow from the en- trances which are generally left full width. Kach time I visit the apiary it takes from half a day to a full day, seldom more; although seven miles from home, and the roads are sometimes fair, but generally horrible — hills, rocks, ruts, ditches, sand and mire-holes, as we ap- proach the river. Chaffing the hives in fall takes two of us one day to fix 100 to 150 colonies. At the home-apiary two of us chaffed 50 colonies in two days; could do it in less time if necessary. I sell most of the honey to go to the Dakotas, or to cracker and candy factor- ies, and generally get my pay in advance or on delivery at the station, so I run but little risk. I make all of my hives at my brother's saw mill. I buy the lumber (pine) by the c*-load, and get basswood for frames, etc., of them direct, have it kiln-dried and planed at the mill, thus I know what I am getting and can make hives just as good and much cheaper than to buy ready made of dealers. I made 400, one- story, chaff-hives with three shallow ex- tracting supers, chaff-case, double, loose bottom-board with Hoffman frames, com- plete, in nine weeks; or a total of about 100,000 pieces. This includes planing and kiln-drying the lumber, and counting and bundling ready to haul over countrj' roads to where I live. I had no special hive-making machinery to work with, but would not advise all people to try making hives themselves; as, unless used to machinery they are liable to make mistakes that would be rather expensive; besides, buzz saws are dangerous unless care is used in working with them; but I still have all my fingers, and thumbs too. RetrkaT, Wis., Aug. lo, 1900. OME FEATURES OF BEE- KEEPING THAT ARE AF- FECTED BY LOCALITY. BY E. S. MILES. If asked to name the three most im- portant factors in bee-keeping, I would say: locality, the man and bees. I would also place them in the order named. Without the proper locality, that is, a locality supplied with one or more THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 279 sources of surplus honey, no man can achieve success in practical apiculture, no matter how perfect his fixtures or how well "improved" his bees. So it be- hooves everyone contemplating entering the bee-business to ascertain, farst, that his locality is thus supplied. It is doubt- ful if bee-keeping can be made a success- ful business in a locality having but one source of surplus, no matter how heavy that surplus may be in some seasons; for some seasons it will fail; and, for that reason, we should have two or three sources of surplus. For instance, take this locality: We have three sources of surplus, namel}', the different clovers, basswood, and fall flowers. In the eight years I have kept bees here I have never known all three sources to yield in one season, nor have 1 ever had them all fail entirely in any year. Thus we get some surplus in almost every year; and winter stores, at least, even in the poorest year. Having decided on a locality, let us next consider how it will influence our management; or in other words, shall we run for comb, or for extracted honey, • or for part comb and part extracted? If our main honey flow, that is, the one that is the most sure to yield, and also the heaviest, comes in the fall, or if it is not light honey, we should decide to run for extracted. But if it is white honey and comes at midsummer, or a little be- fore, we may run for comb honey if we so incline. I saj' if we so incline, be- cause we must have a decided inclination toward any business in order to make it a success. In discussing this matter of locality we are taking it for granted that the person interested is not only decidedly inclined toward the bee business, but de- sires to shape his management in accord- ance with an intelligent understanding of his locality. Another knotty question to many is, the size of hive to use, or, rather, the size of brood chamber, as most all agree that a hive should be expansive enough in the surplus ar-angement to hold any crop that is likely to be gathered. I believe that the size of the brood chamber is directly or indirectly a question of lo- cality. It may be said that the manage- ment has a good deal to do with deciding ho V large a brood chamber to use. This is, no doubt, true, but as our manage- ment is largely decided by our locality, or ought to be, it is thus seen that the locality indirectly decides the size of brood chamber to be used. Then, again, there is reason to believe that locality affects the prolificness of queens; thus, again touching on the size of brood chamber. Where one is almost certain of fall honey enough for winter stores, and where such honey is good for that pur- pose, it would seem foolish to use a brood chamber larger than the average queen would fill with brood by the time the main honey flow arrives; and while good authorities have placed that size at ten Langstroth frames, and even more, eight such frames seem to be ample for the average Italian queen in i/iis locality. I have noticed that a good many queens would enlarge the brood nest at the be- ginning of the main honey flow if given plenty of ready built comb; whereas, if compelled to build in sections, the brood nest would become smaller. Here, again, our locality must be taken into considera- tion; do we want more brood at this time or not? My friend, you needen't smile if I tell you that that depends on your localit3\ If you have a reliable source of fall honey you want all the brood you can get up to the beginning of the fall flow; otherwise, we do not care for so much brood toward the latter end of the main flow. To sum up, it stands about this way: If your locality favors comb honey production, and you are inclined that way, use as large a brood chamber as your queens will have filled with brood at the beginning of the flow from which you expect your main crop; and, remem- ber, a large brood chamber of liseZ/v/ill not prevent swarming when running for comb honey; but when running for ex- tracted a large brood chamber will uo 28o THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. doubt be a large factor in preventing swarming; because, when given plenty of ready built store-comb the bees will not crowd so much honey in below; the queen will be allowed more space to lay in; and, unless a large brood chamber is used, they are on that account apt to be light of stores for winter. Wintering, too, is almost altogether a matter of locality; some localities requir- ing no management at all, and others re- quiring the nicest management of any phase of the business. Influence of locality! Who can com- prehend it all? Touching us on all sides; and scarcely any two seasons alike any- where. Verily, the man who lives by selling honey needs to be awake in all his faculties; needs to be ever on the alert with a weather eye even on his "locality." Denison, Iowa, August 20, 1900. DAPTABILITY MUST BE PRESERVED AMONG BEES, HIVES, LOCALITY AND MANAGEMENT. BY G. W. McGUIRE. My Dear Editor — What subject of more vital importance could you have placed before the bee-keeping fraternity than that of influence of locality? 'Tis the key to our success or failure. All bee- keepers should know the source from whence their surplus is obtained, the length of the expected flow, and the number of flows expected. Here among the mountains of Western North Carolina we have but two flows that can be looked to with any degree of certainty. First, poplar, which begins to open about May 20th, and continues about twenty days; second, basswood and sourwood, which begins to open about July 1st, and continues about twenty days. Aside from these we have no cer- tain flow. Sometimes we secure some fall honey in September. The first prime essential to success here is the condition of our colonies the fall previous. I want all my colonies intended for comb honey next season to have young, vigorous queens, not over two years old, and either black or hybrid. The pure Italian don't suit me for comb honey. The best honey gatherers for our natjve flora is a cross between the German and the Italian. I would prefer the mother to be pjre Ger- man. The Germans seem inclined to look ahead and hold some stores in re- serve, which are so desirable in our stormy, varying spring months. The German mother seems to impart this very instinct to her offspring. Their comb building capacity is unquestioned. While the Italians go ahead with such enormous proportions in brood-rearing in late win- ter and early spring, that frequently their immense stores are consumed and they succumb to their fate long before a blossom is seen in the spring. The hive I have been the most suc- cessful with is a modified Heddon, hold- ing eight closed-end frames, six inches deep, the length of the L, made to hang in a rabbet like the Hoffman. We use a follower and wedge to press the little frames close together. Two of these sec- tions form the brood-chamber. We want the bees to have the upper section solidly filled with choice honey and sealed at the approach of winter. The under section we want empty. To accomplish this, when our last honey flow is in progress we go to every hive and lift up the upper section, and, after smoking the bees vigorously, which causes the queens to run below, we slip a queen excluder between the sec- tions of each brood chamber. The re- sult will be, very little honey below the division, and the upper part will be solid with choice honey. This excluder must be taken out before winter, as the bees would follow the honey up and leave the queen to die. Here in this latitude we don't need any cellar or winter repository or spring pack- ing. We want just a plain board for a THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 281 cover, cleatcd at the ends, and allowed to be glued down perfectly tight, and the rear end of the hive elevated about two inches. I wovild not give two cent.s to have such a colony insured. The bees should invariably be let alone till the fol- lowing spring. When spring ar''ives we should bend our energies and make preparations for the early crop. All our strong colonies will probably need two boxes; our niediutn ones will need one. Our weak colonies will only get in goorevent any section arrangement from being best everywhere. Perhaps the best plan generally for a beginner in a given locality is to adopt the appliances and methods that are most successful there in other hands. If some- thing else seems better adapted to his locality, he might adopt the change to the extent that if it proves a complete failure it will not seriously cri])ple his business. Cu.\vsc)X, Cal., -Vug. 13, 1900. NFLUIvNCE OF LOCATION. BY ADRIAN GKTAZ. rriK- I'lizf Article i Three times, since I began keep- ing bees, the discussion of large versus small hives has l)een commenced in the bee iKijiers, kept up a year or two, and then dropped; '. ' only to begin ^g^^" again two or three ! ' years later. Kach ^ time the same 0 arguments have » been presented by substantially the s ime writers. 1{ a c li time the c o n elusion has been reached that it was a matter of "locality;" but why some localities re- quire a certain method of management, and why some others require a difTerent method, has not been explained. Why does Dadant's locality require large hives and correspontlingly large colonies? \Vhy does Doolittle's locality need small ones? What influence has the more or less suc- cessful wintering due to the climate, upon tht condition of the colonies in the spring ami the subse(|uent management? What management is required for a short, heavy, flow of honey, and what for a long, light flow? WHiat for localities having a fall flow, etc? .\11 of these points should be thoroughly investigated and understood. We should be able to say: .\ given localitj' of such and such climate, honev-flow, etc., re- quires such and such management; and we ought to be able to explain :c'/n'. I can only descrii)e the characteristics of Fast Tennessee, from an apiculturist's standpoint, and e.xplain how these con- ditions brought me to my present ideas on the subject. • I may add that I am writing from the standpoint of a comb honey raiser. Beginning in the spring of the year, we may say that our honey flow, or THE BKK-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 2S3 rather our honey season, bej^ins about April 1st, and ends al)out the middle of July. Rut it is by no means a continuous flow. In Ai)ril, fruit blossoms; in May, after an interruption, tulipwood. Then another interruption until the ])ersim- mon flow comes in June; then basswood and sourwood during the latter part of June and July. Basswood is found only away in the mountains; there is none here. Some white clover bridj^es more or less the interval between fruit blossoms and poplar, but not enough to be de- pended upon for surplus. Occasionally there is a lieavy flow of honey dew during May and June; generally of a tolerably fair quality, but sometimes abominable in taste and color. What increases the difllculty is the irregularity of these difi'ereut flows. Often the fruit blossoms and poplar flows are inlerferred with by bad weather. vSome- times there is honey dew; sometimes there is none. Sometimes the sourwood yields, and sometimes not. The persim- mon has never failed yet with nie, but there are only a few tiees here and there, and the period of blossoming is very short. There is absolutely no way to tell in advance which of these sources will yield, and which will not; so the only chance to secure surplus is to keep the colonies strong during the whole season (three months and a half) so as to catch what- ever flow may happen to come. I am speaking for Tennessee generally. In my immediate neighbfjrhood there are very few tulip trees, and no lindens. Needless to say, that a management similar to the one advocated by friend Doolittle and others would be a failure; for the flfjw for which they would Iniilil up might be the very one that would fail. In fait, I tried once to build up my col- onies very, Vi'?y strong f(jr the sourwood flow, when lo and behold, that flow failed completely! To keep colonics of bees in full strength during three months and a half, it is necessary to control swarming; other- wise bf)lh the mother colonies and the swarms would be too weak during the remaiuder of the season. This is one of the reasons which prompted me to adojjt large hives. I had some correspondence with the Dadants on the subject, stating that there was no demand for extracted honey here, and they advised me to build up a home market as they have done. Unfortu- nately, the bulk of our honey is dark, rather inferior in (|uality, and varies greatly both in taste and color. To build u]) a special home market, at advanced prices, it is necessary to have first-class honey. Preventing swarming can be accom- plished only by caging or removing the queens at the ])roper time. Tliis, how- ever, entails quite a loss of brood; as the bees must be at least four days without unsealed brood. Tho.se four days or more without brood are the key to success. After the bees have begun to build queen cells they will continue as long as there is un.sealeil brood and the conditions of honey flow, temjjerature, strength of colony, etc., are favorable. After having been without unsealed brood a few days they will not resume cell building; at least, not for (juite a vfhile; generally the remainder of the season. But, as .stated above, this entails a loss of brood. With me, the swarming takes ])lace in May. The l)rood lost at that time is precisely what would furnish the field bees for the .sourwood flow in July. So it becomes necessary to reduce that loss to a minimum. By using large hives, putting on supers early, and protecting them against the cold nights so that the work goes on in the super day and night with no intcrru])- tion, using bait-sections, shading the hives in hot days, etc., I have, for the last six years, succeeded in reducing the swarming from five to fifteen per cent of the number of colonies. Under such circumstances, rather than to requeen throughout, I let the colonies swarm; catching the queens in the traps, 284 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. and returning the queens, or giving the colonies others after they have been a few days without unsealed brood; or I let them have queens out of the cells they have built. If, occasionally, in examin- ing the colonies, I find cells started, I treat them the same way without waiting for actual swarming. Between the honey season and the win- ter there is a little nectar gathered every day, except in very dry seasons. That quantity increases materially when the goldenrods and asters bloom, but there is never enough to furnish any surplus, and very often not enough to winter the colonies. During that period there are plenty of weeds and flowers of all sorts along the .fences and in the fields after wheat and oats are harvested, in the pastures and other places; but they yield very little honey; and, as a rule, only in the early morning. This must be due to the fact that the ground is too dry to admit the formation of the nectar, for, occasionally, if an abundant rain comes, there is some- thing like a flow of hone}' for a few days after. The result is that the more bees there are in a colony, the more flowers will be visited, and the more honey brought in; in fact, while the strong colonies will gain some in population and stores dur- ing that period, the medium ones will only sustain themselves and the weak ones will lose, if they don't get robbed by the others, which happens occasion- ally. The result is that, by the time winter sets in, the difference between the large and the small colonies will be greater than it was at the close of the honey harvest. During the winter the difference be- comes still greater. The strong colonies will eat proportionately less, lose a less percentage of bees, rear some brood, and when spring comes they will be very much stronger in proportion, begin brood rearing in earnest much sooner, and be ready to enter the surplus apartments in full force long before the weaker colonies ■ can even recover their lost strength. Do you wonder that I am such a strong advocate of the large hives and larger colonies? If this state of affairs were a purely local one, I should not have written this con- tribution; but it applies in its main characteristics to the whole country south of the Mason and Dixon line, except Florida; there are differences, of course, between one locality and another. The further south we go the shorter is the winter. Then, below this section there is the cotton, while, on the other hand, the sourwood does not exist in the low plains. But, nevertheless, the general features of the Southern States' honey production remain the same. A few months of honey season during which nectar can be gathered from different sources, but in a very irregular manner, some sources yielding this year, and some other yielding the next year, necessitat- ing the keeping up of the colonies to their full strength during several months. Then the late summer and fall season, with yery scant yielding of nectar, dur- ing which the strongest colonies have a decided advantage over the others. Other sections of the country are under different conditions. In the Northern States there is a definite honey season of a few weeks from white clover or bass- wood, or both, the swarming taking place at the beginning of it. Some of these have, besides that, a honey flow from buckwheat later in the season; and, in a few localities, there is also a fall flow of considerable importance. In Colorado and other Northwestern States, they have two distinct flows. Through some correspondence with a prominent Colorado apiculturist, I have learned that one difliculty with them was that during the first honey flow the bees -were filling the brood-nest with honey and curtailing the brood, with the result that at the time of the second flow, the immber of field bees was considerably re- duced. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 2S5 vSome Dortions of California seem, on the other haml, to have a lonj^, continu- ous How, with the swarniinsj; taking place before the flow opens. I have done my part. Now, if others in different localities, will do the same, we will eventually have the matter full}- understood. No better paper for that purpose could be selected than the Review. Knoxviij.e, Tenn., March 8, 1900. \(1TH HIGH AND LOW ^ LAND NEEDED IN THE IDEAL LOCALITY. BY J. F. GALLIGAN. Proximity to water and strong vegeta- ble life are the essentials in bee pasturage. These are the first things to be considered in locating an apiary. I have always found the most prosperous colonies on elevated ground overlooking some fertile valley. Here they gather honey from the high ground in spring, and, in the fall, secure sufficient nectar for winter from among the entwining vines of the lowlands. Of course, every country and place have their drawbacks, but I believe, other things being equal, this to be the best location an apiary can have. But the wintering and improvement in bees is the hardest problem to me in apiaculture. These two you will find go hand in hand. Cellar wintering practiced by so many, and thought to be a solution of the whole problem, is nothing but a long stride in producing a worthless, weak and delicate strain of bees. Too much care in the apiary will bring out the same bad results it has in the im- provement of animals. To secure a start in standard bred stock, we nmst build them a residence almost equal to their master's; protect them from the sun, and keep their feet as dry as an invalid's. If they were turned out to the mercy of the elements, nine in ten would not survive one year. Who wants a strain of bees of this caliber? I am sure they would be of no use to anyone. For my part, I believe in wintering on the summer stands, with slight protec- tion. We have practiced this way of wintering successfully for thirty years, and think it to be the best; in fact, the only way to produce a hard}', strong and vigorous strain of bees. To attain this end should be the aim of every bee- keeper; for in these are our only salva- tion. We need something that ■A'ill stand the blizzards of the Dakotas, or prosper in the damp and sultry clime of Florida. Shepardviixe, 111., Aug. 18, 1900. NOW YOUR LOCALITY, AND ATTEND STRICTLY _[ \\ TO BUSINESS. BY H. D. BURRELL. One of the main factors of profitable bee-keeping is a thorough understand- ing of the capabilities and peculiari- ties of the location wliere the bees are to be kept. Often a difference of onl}' a few miles between apiaries makes necessary an entirel} different manage- ment. The importance of this matter has been impressed upon my mind by costly experience. Perhaps a few items from that experience may be helpful to some brother bee-keeper. In the twenty-five years I have made a specialty of honey production, we have had homes or out - apiaries in eleven places. Had I thoroughly known those difTerent locations at the beginniuo, many mistakes could have been avoided, and the bank account would be more sat- isfactory. Once we lived at Bangor, Mich., about ten miles from the lake. Raspberries, white wood, white clover and basswood were abimdant, and, until the insatiable saw-mills devastated the forests, good crops of fancy comb honey could be se- cured every year. In those days it sold readily for iS to 25 cents a pound, whole- sale, while extracted houey sold for only 286 THB BEK-KEEPKK.S' REVIEW 5 to 8 cents. Careful experiments dem- onstrated that in that locality only about one and one-half pounds of extracted honey could be raised to one of comb, and of course all our hives and manage- ment were arranged for producing comb honey. Some years ago it seemed best to move to our present home, in the great fruit belt, close by old I^ake Michigan, where there are frequent cold winds, mists and fogs, and cold nights are the rule. The natural timber has been nearly all removed, and fruit-growing is the main industry. As but little stock is kept here, there are few pastures. But little clover grows, and there is no bass- wood. The only source of honey to speak of is from fall bloom, from which the flow is short but usually abundant. An average colony weighed yesterday (September 7), showed a gain of 10)^ pounds for the day's work. The hives were arranged for comb honey produc- tion, so we tried to raise that, but the end of the first season found us with a small crop of dark, cheap, comb honey. The cold nights drove the bees from the sec- tions, and they were slow to return. The short season left many poorly-finished sections; and the nights were too cool to make it practicable to have them finished by feeding back. At Bangor it was necessary to get col- onies built up strong early for the rasp- berry and clover harvest; here it is just as well if they are strong by August 15th. Here, at least three pounds of extracted honey can be secured to one of comb honey; and, of late years, extracted brings nearly as much as comb; so we now raise only extracted. Of course, it took time to learn these things. It would have been worth considerable to us had I known them at tirst. How best may we thoroughly learn the characteristics of localities? In the first place, make a thorough study of all its features. Observe closely, and keep care- ful records of everything; know when bees conmience to work in the spring, and what they are working on; know the flora of the locality, and the average time of its bloom throughout the season. I think it was Bro. Doolittle who told us years ago about following his bees to the fields to see what they were bringing honey and pollen from. Know what blossoms are abundant enough to yield a surplus, and so manage as to have hives overflowing with bees at the right time to make it count, and be sure and "have the dishes right side up when it rains honey." It helps greatly in arranging work to weigh hives daily in the working season, and it is better to weigh several than one. The swarming fever, loss of queen, or some other unforseen cause may throw one colony off the track. I have used with much satisfaction a device for weigh- ing which sits on three legs, and, with short ropes and suitable clamps, suspends and weighs a hive while it hangs on old- fashioned steelyards. The machine is light and easily moved from one hive to another, and a hive is easily raised by turning a crank, in the same way that a well bucket is raised from a well. If the honey flow is commencing and likely to be abundant, we know how much room to give, and how little room, or none, if the flow is drawing to a close, as the weight record and our knowledge of the flora will readily indicate. If the honey flow is short, it is best to so manage as to have no swarming at this time. The surest, practicable way to do this is to have a young, prolific queen of the cur- rent season's rearing in each honey hive. This is readily accomplished if the flow is late. If very early, perhaps the best way is to get queens from the South. If the honey flow is long, swarming is all right, with good management. Enter upon this work with a firm de- termination to succeed, and leave no work undone, to accomplish the object — go to the foundation of the matter and scrape the roots. Have faith in your business and yourself. Half - hearted methods won't win best results with bees, or anything else. South Haven, Mich., Sept. 8, 1900. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 2S7 MOW O N 1>: M A N U N I) E R - S T A N n S HIS LOCALITY. ny JOHN n. risl\g. Perhaps it was as well to express this subject as "Localitj' and Its Influence on Bee-Keepers." Anyone kt'eping bees and not being adequately informed as to his loialify will soon cease to keep bees. This matter of locality is of prime importance also in deciding whether to produce comb or extracted honey, or both. In my present location, South New York, both can be produced much cheaper than either alone. In Cuba and Havana extracted is the onh' honey that can be produced satisfactorily. In this locality out-door wintering is cheapest and best, although some sort of protection is necessary. Early flights, so essential to early brood-rearing, are thus obtained. Divisible brood chambers with closed end frames are best for wintering as well as for building up in the s])ring. Use plain sections with fence separators to get most comb honey in marketable shape. Extract most dark grades of honey. Italian bees are generally preferable for extracted honey, and Hybrids (Italian- black) for comb honey. In Cuba I should corral some of the Spanish bees so common in the forests. The stingless bees are of no use. The "L" hive is best for Cuba as well as Hawaii. Its size from lo-frame up. In this section spring feeding is not necessary or desirable. Apple bloom from April 25th to May loth is all the spring feed necessary. There is usually some honey earlier from popples and maple and colonies should be in good shape at the close of apple bloom. In Cuba "summer feeding" is sometimes necessary. All colonies should be in fine shape for white clover, which blooms during June and well into July. The surplus recep- tacles should be put on as soon as the brood combs begin to whiten along the top-bars. As soon as basswood bloom is past, usually July 15, remove all surplus receptacles and exiract, or remove fin- ished sections. Return unfinished sec- tions to be filled if you are running for comb honey. In this section buckwheat blooms from August ist to 25th and is usually the best flow we have. Buck- wheat honey sells well in the comb in the eastern markets. It is usually finished and capped so quickly that the comb is of that crispy freshness so desirable and finds ready sale. Many people call for buckwheat honey, prefering it to bass- wood, hence it is more profitable to run all colonies for comb honey during the buckwheat flow. It is always best to shade the hives with shade boards during the summer season. I would also have a few small trees in the apiar}'. Have the apiary in a valley or low place. It is easier for the bees to fly down hill when loaded and will result in a larger yield of honey. Bees invariabl}' fly up hill when going afler honey, provided they can find it in that direction. GASKit,!,, N. Y., August 30, 1900. EDITORIAL fferings. Fastening Strips in the no-drip case is important. If left loose, they slip around and get the sections out of place and cause them to be damaged. This is the report of commission men at Chicago. "Ykry Essicntial" is the advice given on page 251 regarding the feeding of a colony for three days after releasing the queen. Mr. Johnson writes me that this emphasis should have been ])ut upon the second smoking of the bees three-fourths of an hour after tlie queen is released, in- stead of upon the feeding. i88 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Dr. Miller and Manager Secor were sadly missed at the Chicago convention. The death of a near relative prevented the attendance of the doctor. What kept Bro. Secor away I do not know. ^^■fc*^^^^ fc^u" Mr. Grabbk of Wisconsin, remem- bered the bee-keepers at the Chicago convention by sending them several big jugs of his famous mineral water. It was "on tap" during most of the sessions. Sitting Down was recommended by R. L. Taylor at the Chicago convention. In response to a question of whether one could afford to sit down while working over a hive he said, "I think one can't afford not to sit down." ^^it»»^nt»ii^*^ Unripe, extracted honey received a most severe, but most iust, condemnation at the Chicago convention. It ferments, it sours, it bursts tin cans or iron-bound barrels, and it utterly disgusts all who buy it. One dealer said that there was nothing that had ever injured the market for extracted honey to the extent that it had been injured oy unripe honey. Drones are too much neglected by queen rearers and bee-keepers generally. This was the opinion of Mr. C. A. Hatch at the Chicago convention. He said if he wished to make any change in his stock he found he could do it much quicker through the drones than through the queens. All stock breeders recognize that prepotency is on the side of the male. Extracted Honey, according to Mr. Bishop of Milwaukee, was sold more largely to those who wish to use it for a table sauce; while Mr. Weber of Cincin- nati, Ohio, sold three-fourths of his honey to manufacturers. E. R. Root ex- plained that Mr. Weber's honey was largely from the South, and was dark, while Mr. Bishop's trade was largely of white honey. Smoke does not seem to affect honey in the blossoms even in a very smoky city; but when there is a drouth of two weeks or more the flowers in the city become dusty or dirty to such an extent that the bees become soiled, so to speak, in work- ing on the dirty blossoms, and cause the combs to become badly travel-stained. This was the report given by Mr. Purple of Chicago. ■«^^t»».r»^^F^^ L.-^^w made eas\' for the people in one small volume should no more be ex- pected than bee-keeping made easy in six short lessons, said Mr. H. F. Moore at the Chicago convention. Don't dash recklessly into law, and then hire an ex- pensive lawyer to help you get out of trouble. Better pay in advance for some good advice on any given doubtful point. Bear well in mind, too, that laws protect best those who don't go to law. Big corporations pay large fees to lawyers to keep them out of the courts. *^rfiUT^ir«.<«jr». P.\CKAGES for shipping extracted honey were discussed at the Chicago convention, and it is very evident that there is no one package that is best for every shipper. Barrels are certainly much cheaper where they can be secured near home. Bass- wood barrels with oak heads and wooden hoops give the best of satisfaction in Wis- consin, but it would not pay to ship them out to Arizona. For shipping honey from the far West, boxed tin cans seem to be the best package. If anyone thinks that tin cans never leak they are mistaken. When in Chicago I was shown a large shipment from Texas, and the cans were leaking. Some were turned upside down, some laid on their sides, in an endeavor to get the leak uppermost The honey could not be re-shipped on account of the poor condition of the cans. I am not opposed to the tin can. It is a good package in its place. So is a barrel. Neither is faultless. The shipper should learn which is the better for him to use, and then use it. THE BEBKEEPERS' REVIEW 2S9 E. R. R(WT was re-elected as President at the Chicago convention, and Dr. Mason was served the same as Secretary. R. C. Aikin was elected at Vice-President. The choice for the place of holding the next meeting lies between BufTalo with the Pan American and Niagara Kails as at- tractions, and Denver with the low rates that will be assured with the meeting there of the G. A. R. .•,«*«*i^«^*^ Thk Chic.\go Convention was well attended. I didn't count the members, but Bro. York says in his paper that there were fully 350 present one evening. I presume that some of these were Chicago bee-keepers and their friends. In the group that I took one afternoon there were about 175, but I am satisfied that quite a number were absent at that time. The hotel accommodations were good. Chi- cago can always take care of a crowd. The hail w is conveniently located. The only drawback was the difficulty of mak- ing one's self heard in the hall. The room was large, and the heat necessitated the opening of the windows through which floated in the evidence that we were in Chicago — that noisy, bustling metropolis of the West. ■^^«rf*rf»«»u» RKT.\II,ING EXTRACTED HONEY. PZ. R. Root, President of the convention reeently held at Chicago, urged the im- portance of developing the home-markets for the sale of extracted honey. He de- plored the sending of large quantities to the cities, where it is adulterated, and palmed off on the unsuspecting public. A number of prominent producers are now bottling their own product, and putting it on the market of their own vicinities, under their own name and guarantee. The fact has been demonstrated, over and over again, that the general public will pay a good round price, providing that it can be assured that the honey that it is buying is pure bees' honey, and that the bee-keeper or person putting it up is reliable and honest. SlvI-LINC HONEY. Mr. Herman F. Moore, at the Chicago convention gave very nearly, if not exact- ly, the advice that I gave last month in regard to sending honey away to distant markets. Among other things he said: "Be methodical; have your bargain in writing; save the envelope covering the correspondence; look up the standing of the purchaser in Dunn or Bradstreet; write a personal letter to a banker, en- closing a stamped envelope for a reply, asking about the party. This one pre- caution, that of asking a banker for the name of a reliable dealer, would almost entirely prevent loss. To sell goods on commission and not pay for them is larceny. If honey is sold direct, the dealer may say that collections are bad, or he may go into bankruptcy." >i^*^'»>r»^i.»%* Shipping Queens successfully by mail is quite a knack. At the Chicago con- vention, Frank Benton put some stress upon the packing. The center apart- ment ought to be well shut off from the rest of the cage. The outer hole should be well ventilated. In cold weather the bees can cluster in this inner darkened chamber. In warm weather they can go out into the ventilated apartment. Most manufacturers make the holes interlap or cut into one another. This ought not to be. The wood should not be cut out be- tween the different apartments, simply a small hole made to allow the bees to pass. Inside of the food apartment should be waxed to prevent the honey soaking into the wood. Too many bees with the queen is worse than too few. A dozen bees is a great plenty in the warm weather* 11*^1* *^^mrf«^^ The Laws of one State have no bind- ing force in other States. This was pointed out in the address of Mr. H. F. Moore at the Chicago convention. The only bearing that the Arkansas case re- garding bees as a nuisance has in Illinois is that courts generally respect the de- cisions of sister States in any matter that 296 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. has not been adjucated at home. The excellent foul brood law in Wisconsin does not help the bee-keepers in Illinois. Mr. Moore said that if the thousands of bee-keepers in Illinois had unitedly asked for such a law it would have been on the statute books ere now. Mr. John M. Rankin told me at the convenlion that the Michigan foul brood law was killed, not by Mr. Harmon Smiih, but by the apathy of bee-keepers. Laws are seldom passed except at the earnest and con- tinued solicitation of a large number of people. n^wu'v'^i'u" INCREASE IN BROOD DISEASES. At the Chicago convention, President Root called attention to the increase in brood diseases among bees. Both black brood and foul brood are certainly mak- ing advancement in certain portions of the country. A few years ago, if he re- ceived, at the home office, more than one sample of diseased brood in a month, it was considered something remarkable — now specimens are received almost daily. Black brood, which Mr. Root regards as more insiduous than foul brood, and more to be dreaded, is thought by some to travel through the air. The President doubted this, but was compelled to admit that it traveled much more rapidly than foul brood. The prompt, energetic meas- ures undertaken by the Slate of New York should be recognized by bee-keep- ers in every Slate in the Union; for with- out such prompt action, bee-keeping may be almost entirely wiped out of some im- portant sections in other States, as it is already in some localities in New York. INTRODUCING QUEENS BY THE USE OF TOBACCO SMOKE. At the Chicago convention it was asked if any one present had had any ex- perience in using tobacco smoke for in- troducing queens, and there was no re- sponse, except some one, I think Dr. Mason, said: "We don't use it." It would see:ji from this that it has not been very generally used. In this connection, I might say that Mr. John McKeon of Dryden, N. Y., has sent me a private letter written him by Mr. J. P. Moore of Kentucky, in which I find the following: — "I have found by experience that a colony which has been queenless about five or six days, is the easiest of all to which to introduce a queen. To intro- duce a queen to such a colony, all I do is to lay the cage at the entrance three or four hours before sundown, and then about simdown, or about dark, fumigate them with tobacco smoke, and let the queen crawl into the entrance, puffing in a little more smoke after she crawls into the hive. This has proved the surest method 1 have tried. I have yet to lose my first queen, where the colony was quesnless not less than five days nor over seven days." CO-OPERATION IN SELLING. If there is any one thing in which bee- keepers can combine or co-operate to better advantage than another it is that of selling honey; especially when there is a class, or bee-keepers of some particular locality, with similar crops and aims. At the Chicago convention a paper was read from S. A. Niver, on the subject of sell- ing Ironey, and from it I copy the follow- ing paragraph: "Six years ago a number of honey pro- ducers of Groton, N. Y., believing it bet- ter to combine than to compete, pooled their interests and sent the writer of this article, 'armed and equipped, as the law directs,' with sample case and power of attorney to the grocers in the cities reached by our line of railroad, to sell and collect for all, and divide the expen- ses in proportion to the amount sold for each. This arrangement has worked so satisfactorially that it has been followed each year since, with growing acquaint- ance and mutual dependance between our customers and ourselves. True, there are some drawbacks to this method, such as bad debts, much bookkeeping, owing to large number of small sales, and length of time it takes to get collections in and distributed, but the net results in prices and security has, on the whole, been very satisfactory. ' ' THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. igt BKHS FOR BUSINESS. In his address at the Chicago conven- tion, President E. R. Root said that too much attention had been paid to the breeding of handsome bees — bees for color. We should work to develop a- strain of bees with Ioniser tongue— long enough to work on red clover. The matter of shortening the corolla-tubes of red clover ought also to receive attention. »"»* *»*»»»»» The Stkreopticon feature of the Chi- cago convention was a very enjoyable part of the meeting. When we have steady discussion from morning until night, something of a different nature is a welcome change. Perhaps 200 pictures of apiaries, bee-keepers, implements and parts of the bee were shown, accom- panied by appropriate remarks. The pictures were perhaps fifteen feet in diameter. Most of them were bright and clear and reflected credit upon Bro. Root in this his first attempt at lantern slide making. I took with me the materials and paraphanalia for developing a plate in my room in the evening, and the next day the negative was taken to the Mcin- tosh Co. who made a slide from it, and the next evening it was the last picture thrown on the screen — the picture of the members themselves as they had gath- ered in a group the day before. CHICAGO CONVENTION 1'H0T0(;R.\PH. It is seldom that so many prominent bee-keepers are gathered together as were present at the Chicago convention; and, in making a photograph of so large a group I have never succeded so well as I did in this instance — of the 175 faces every one stands out bright and clear and easily recognizable. The picture is 8 by 10 inches in size, printed on Aristo Platino paper which has a matt surface and is absolutely fadeless, and mounted on a heavy, carbon-black mount. It is suita- ble to be framed and hung in the home of any bee-keeper as a momento of a pleasant gathering; besides furnishing good portraits of a large number of bee- keeping friends. Photograi)hic supplies have advanced in price to such an extent that I shall be obliged to ask 75 cents for copies of the photograph; but no one need send any money until he has first seen the photo- graph— and not then unless he is satis- fied with the picture. Simply send me a postal saying that you would like to see the Chicago convention photograph, with a view to buying it if it suits you; and vipon receipt of the card, I will mail you a copy of the photograph. If it suits you, you can send me 75 cents. If you are not pleased with it, you can return it, and there will be no charge. <«*X*^rf»*»M«. CO-OPERATIVE ORGANIZATION. At the Chicago convention Mr. R. C. Aikin read a most excellent paper having the above title. The greatest need of co- operation is in the selling of honey. This is especially true with small producers who are a long ways from some desira- ble market; the local fi eight rates prac- tically prohibiting the shipment of small lots to a distant market. The trouble is that honey producers are so scattered, and the product so limited in a given lo- cality, that there is no inducement to put in proper facilities for handling honey as there is for the handling of grain. Small producers of honey are often poor and compelled to sell, and the result is that the market price is lowered. If a large producer attempts to buy up the small lots he soon finds that it does not require many small lots to make them cost hun- dreds, or even thousands of dollars. In short, even the large producer "has troubles of his own." He nmst struggle to keep from being eaten by still larger fish. What is needed is co-operation; the facilities for gathering the product and relieving the small producer by paying him for his honey and wax. These facili- ties must reach out from some central point, yet come close enough to the little apiaries so that their product may be de- 292 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. livered to the buyer with the minimum of freights. Such a system is very much needed, but the solution of the difficulty is not clear. Many difficulties lie in the way; yet there are none that may not be overcome. When bee-keepers are fully organized in a co-operative way, the head National office will know what is being done in the north, east, south and west. The sub- offices will know what is known at the head office. There is never over-produc- tion, but there is lack of distributiou . ii^u»v»»'*'^t» BEE-KEEPING AS A NUISANCE. Mr. H. F. Moore of Chicago, in his ad- dress, at the recent National convention, on " Bee-Keepers' Rights and Their Pro- tection by Law," said that in the minds of most people who don't keep bees, and know nothing of their habits, there is an insane fear of a bee sting for themselves or their children. A bee-keeper settles in a neighborhood, and makes no efforts to make himself agreeable, or to show his little pets and their harmless ways. If a child or an animal is stung, the neigh- bors instantly put on their war paint, and vow the banishment of bees and bee- keepers from that neighborhood. Nearly all of the prosecutions of bee- keepers have been on the ground that bee-keeping, of itself, ipso facto, is a nuisance, and to be abated, as a matter of course. In such cases, bee-keepers have been almost universally victorious. Bee- keeping of itself is not necessarily a nui- sance, but may become such by an objec- tional method of management. So, too, may hogs, dogs, horses, cows, etc., be- come nuisances by an objectionable man- ner of caring for them. The supreme court of Arkansas has decided that "Bees may become a nuisance in a city, but •whether they are so or not is a question to be judicially decided in each case." For a dozen years I have kept bees in the city of Flint, and not one word of complaint has ever reached my ears. The neighbors have kind feelings for me and for my bees. I have been very care- ful not to handle bees in the middle of the day when there is a scarcity of nectar; such work being done just at dusk when the bees will not fly far from the hives, and robbers will not trouble; and by the next morning all is quiet. Of course, a large apiary could not well be managed on that plan, but I think that near the streets of a city is not the proper place for a large apiary. An apiary in which work must go on regardless of cross bees ought to be isolated. Of course, tall trees or buildings between the apiary and the street do much to bring about this needed isolation. The one thing needed in all this matter is a little common sense. '»»>t»»>nt»»^^^ BREEDING FOR LONGER TONGUED BEES. At the Chicago convention Mr. John ]\I. Rankin of the Michigan Agricultural College read a paper upon the breeding of bees for longer tongues. So long as the mating of queens is the haphazard affair that it now is, this is a very dis- couraging problem. I\Ir. Rankin firmly believes that it would not only be possi- ble, but comparatively easy, to breed bees with longer tongues if there were some way of controlling the mating of the queens. He has tried the plan of clipping the tips of the queen's wings to curtail their flight. He has clipped off all the way from a hair's breadth to one half of the wing, but out of 65 thus treated, only one mated. He has also tried the plan of putting the nucleus containing the queen, and a full colony with drones, in the cel- lar until late in the afternoon when the other drones had ceased flying, when these confined bees were given their liberty, but his success with this plan was no better than with the clipping of queens' wings, The plan that had given him the best satisfaction was thst of keep- ing a colony with choice drones queen- less until the close of the season when the other drones were killed off. If this colony is kept in the same yard with the others I should not put any great faith in THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 293 this plan, as drones driven from a colony having a queen are quite likely to take refuge in a queenless colony if one can be found. If a certain, practical method of controlling the mating of queens could be discovered it would rank with comb foundation, the honey extractor, etc. l-A'en if this plan of keeping choice drones late in the season answered the purpose, there is the drawback as pointed out by Mr. Rankin, that we can make only one cross in a season. The hopefulness of this problem in one direction is shown from the fact that ]\Ir. Rankin found all of the bees of the same colony to have tongues of the same length, the differ- ence of length of tongues being seen in comparing one strain of bees with another. Mr. Rankin also urged the importance of working at the other end of the prob- lem, viz., that of developing a strain of red clover having shorter corolla tubes. .\s showing the difference existing in clover he quoted Dr. Beal as saying that "A field of clover represents as many and as varied types of the same specie as would a field of corn planted from a mixture of all the known varieties." VARIOUS FORMS OF DISEASE AMONG BEES— CAUSE AND CURE. Dr. \Vm. Howard contributed to the good things of the Chicago convention by writing a paper upon the above subject. Like the paper of Mt. Cowan, it is very difficult to condense. The best that can be done is to mention some of the most prominent points. So far the doctor has not been able to isolate a single species of bacillus that would infect a prosperous colony with paralysis or disenterj-. Black brood, pickled brood, disentery and par- alysis all disappear during a good honey flow. ''In fact," says the doctor, "dur- ing a good honey flow, with a prosperous colony ami ])roper sanitation, it will be found diflicult to infect such a colony with any disease, and obtain ".mmediate, disastrous results." Combs which have had any disease in them, .vhether of fun- gus or bacterial nature, are never entirely free from infection. Many cells may be free and safe, yet, as a rule, there are lurking spores capal>le of reinfection. One experiment made by the doctor is worthy of mention. Two colonies last spring contained black brood that was well developed and thoroughly estab- lished, yet it entirely disappeared during the spring flow from horsemint. They became strong, and one swarmed, giving off a good swarm, which was hived on in- fected combs left over from a colony that had perished irom black brood. No disease apjjeared in this hive. With a cessation of the flow in July came a re- appearance of the disease. A fall flow came in August, when the disease again disappeared. The doctor says that he has been un- able to find any valid evidence for hold- ing the queen responsible for, or that she has any influence upon,the perpetuation of any disease with which he is acquainted. The statement of Cheshire that the spores of foul brood had been found in the un- developed egg, the blood of the queen and the spermatozoa of the drone had not been verified by the doctor. So far as the doctor knew, it had not been verified in any other instance. •»;«)i»iF^»>i»ii^ THE CHEMISTRY OF HONEY AND HOW TO DETECT ITS ADULTERATION. The above was the title of an excellent paper furnished the Chicago convention by Mr. Thomas W. Cowan. It is one of those papers of which it is almost im- possible to make a digest — you need to read the whole paper in order to get the full benefit. I will try, however, and notice a few of the most important points. Bees do not gather honey. They gather nectar and transform it into honey. Nectar ton- sist§ almost entirely of cane sugar. Honey is essentially a product of the bee and not of the flower which it visits. After nectar is gathered, and before it is stored in the combs, it undergoes a a94 THB BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. change, and the cane sugar is trans- formed into two other sugars — grape sugar and fruit sugar. This transforma- tion is brought about through the action of a secretion produced by glands situ- ' ated in the head of the bee, and is similar in operation to saliva in a human being. I might say, parenthetically, that, later in the day, after the reading of this paper, the discussion of feeding sugar for winter stores came very near precipitat- ing a discussion of that old, tabooed sub- ject sugar-honey. One man, even in the face of so good an authority as Mr. Cowan went so far as to assert that sugar syrup fed to bees remained sugar syrup. "It is sugar when you feed it to them," said he, "it is sugar when they store it, and it is sugar when they eat it. It is sugar from the first chapter to the last." Farther along in his paper Mr. Cowan said: "We prize honey not because it consists, as the chemisjt would say, of sugar and water, but because it possesses a delicate aroma and flavor, which is always absent from, and can not by any known means be imparted to, any arti- ficially made syrup. Glucose, and even cane sugar that has been given to bees to store in the combs, are totally devoid of the aroma of honey." One of the principal methods of detect- ing adulteration of honey is by the use of the polariscope. The chit of the whole matter is contained in the following paragraph : — "The rotation of the polarised ray to the left of levulose is greater than the rotation of the same quantity of dextrose to the right. Therefore, when mixed to- gether, as they are in honey, the polarised ray is twisted to the left side. .\11 other sugars turning to the right, it is clear that whatever saccharine admixture is made to honey, the mixture must polarise to the right, thus possessing perfectlv dis- tinct optical properties, distinguishing it from genuine honey." Mr. Cowan gave descriptions of how the different adulturations may be de- tected bv the use of chemicals, but there is not room to copy them here, and the descriptions can not be condensed. EXTRACTED. DKVELOPING SHORT-TUBED CLOVER. Some of the Pifficulties Experienced by an Experimenter. When the discussion regarding longer tongued bees and shorter tubed clover blossoms was begun my mind at once re- verted to an interesting experiment with clover made years ago by my old friend, E. E. Hasty, of Richards, Ohio. One of the most interesting articles that he ever wrote was his account of this' experi- ment. If I remember correctly, it ap- peared in the Bee-Keepers' Exchange, published at that time by J. H. Nellis. It was one of those first articles that Hasty wrote; and it attracted my attention at once and gave me a liking for the author. I wish that I could now find and repro- duce that article, but I might hunt for it half a day and then not find it. lam not entirely disconsolate, however, as our friend Hasty has recently written on the same subject in Gleanings, and he is now able to give us some conclusions that he was unable to put into the first article. Here is what Mr. Hasty says: — "FrieJid E. 7\. Roof: — You call me out on the clover-developing proposition. Yes, I was in that effort quite a long time — grew cold at length, and let the multiplic- itv of other thinfs cause me to drop out. Perhaps the indifference of the bee public helped me a little in getting cold; and if Dr. Miller's call for renewed effort gets lots of volunteers I may wake up and "tag on." .\nd what can T tell to the new volun- teers which will be to their profit? Per- haps not ver}' much. I'll advise them to keep distinct in their minds the three kinds of work to he done. Call them, if vou please, A work and B work and C work. The A of it is to go into the fields and select short-tubed clovers. Better take plentv of time and do lots of this, as this is likely to be the most encouraging THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW 295 part of it f perhaps all the encouragement vou'll get I. I'ield clo\ers vary greatly — vary in the line of being lots of long- tubed ones, and also vary in the line of there being few and rare specimens, which can be found by long hunting, much more hopeful than the easy-found ones. Work. C is the slow and tedious work of raising seedlings year after year, and kt'epius^ them /yo»t backsliiiiiio, as they will probably disgust you by doing, and slowly, with careful selection, getting a little shorter and shorter as the years go l)y. It was this work that tired me out. It is going to take a great many years. I'ive years, or ten years will be only a "circumstance" in it. Still, perhaps it's best not to give it up, even if like Freedom'.'; battle, once begun. Bequeathed fron> bleeding sire to son. It is necessary- to keep in mind the fact that the time of year, amount of fertility in the soil, vigor of growth, drouth or the opposite, and various other things considerably affect the tube-lengths of the same plant. On these accounts we often seem to be gaining when we are not. And it might be that we would seem to be losing when we were really gaining. Practically, after three or four vears of effort you will probably feel very much befogged as to whether you have really gained any thing or not. Work C is a sort of diamond-hunting work. Most plants, besides their capac- ity for gradual change, show from time to time sudden and great changes in a particular seedling or a particular bud. These almost startling manifestations are called "sports." If the desired bee-clover arrives during the present generation it will be by finding and rendering perma- nent one of these sports. During the years I was in the work i found two sports, or plants, which I called such. One of them I lost my grip of so com- pletely that I have nothing to show for it — couldn't be sure that it would ever have filled the bill any way. The other one seemed to be pretty much all one could ask, gained at one leap — but with one lamentable shnrlcoming. It was about as near to being seedless as a plant could be without being absolutely so. I never had a dozen seeds at one time. To have even one plant in bloom, when a friend called ancl I wanted to show him my prize — why, I considered myself lucky. A package in my clover-drawer says on the outside, "Three seeds 1897;" alas! too old to grow now, I fear — and that is all I have to show for years of effort with that incipient variety. Since the first few years, the most hope of success which I have been able to cherish has been that, with long practice, a plant might appear in this succession which would have flowers as open to the bee as the parent flowers have been, and also seeds like those a civilized clover ought to have. Perhaps when the weather gets a little cooler I'll try those three seeds for all the}' are worth. There is also a sport which frequently appears in red clover, having white seeds and pure-white blossoms. I made easy progress in breeding these down to a fixed variety; but had I kept on to completion it would have been of the same use as stripes around our bee's tails, no use at all — tubes no shorter th.tn ordinary reds. But in fussing with the white sports I think I made a discovery which perhaps ought to be understood and considered by all those who work in such work as ' this. It is, that progress tends not to go on regularly with each generation, but by xftgnXar alternation of generations. A little hard to describe this so a reader will catch on readih'. Siy you are trying to get a white variety from a white sport. First generation you raise loo seedlings, and say 3 of them are white and 97 back- slidden and red. (Think you have got a tough job before you.) Second genera- tion, 100 seedlings turn out "^o white and onlv 50 backsliders. (Think you are getting on swimmingly.) Third genera- tiou you find r5 white to 85 backsliders. ( Half inclined to give the thing up as im- possible.) Fourth generation, however, pans out 55 white to 45 reds. And so it goes on, with regular oscillation back and fourth with each generation, but on the whole manifestly getting ahead. I have come to feel that something like this affects laearly all work of the kind with seedlings." The very fact that plants and animals are so prone to revert to the original is most encouraging. This very stability is our hope. If we once succeed by many years of patient work in gstting a short tubed clover, there is some prospect that we may be able to keep it. If the plant were likely to dodge off this way and that every year, we would never be able to establish any particular strain. The more difficult it is to get a plant to change its habit, the more permanent will be the change when it is secured. At present, I think this a more hopeful end of thg 296 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. problem than that of developing a strain of bees with longer tongues. I would not consider it more hopeful if we had some way of controlling mating of queens. HATCHING CHICKENS. Using a Bee Hive as an Incubator. Sometimes when I go to the post-office to mail some queens the mailing clerk and myself get to swapping yarns. One evening I told him about the man who, thinking that corn"meal was too concen- trated a food for his fowls, mixed saw- dust with their rations. The result of such a mixed diet was a trifle startling. One of the hens, having laid 13 egg^, be- gan the process of incubation. In due time they all hatched, but what was the surprise of the owner to find that 12 of them had wooden legs, while the 13th one was a woodpecker. Naturally, I expected that this would floor m3' friend, but he came up bravely to the attack. He said that, going out one morning in P^ebruary to feed the horses, he was surpised to hear the un- mistakable peep of a chicken coming from the manure pile. He poked away a little loose manure near the side of the barn, and there found a newly hatched chicken. The supposition was that a hen laid an egg in that place, or else some- where in the litter where it had been thrown out, and the warmth of the fer- menting manure had hatched the egg, even in winter. Now comes Mr. J. G. Norton of Illinois, who tells the following story in the American Bee Journal: My hives, as will be seen, are two-story ohaff, that I adopted about 15 years ago, and have been a success for honey and also to hatch chickens. The first story is chatT-packed, four inches back and front, and two inches on the sides. Over the brood chamber I place a piece of oilcloth or canvas — either will do. I use for the eggs a cushion witli hollow center which is the shape of a hen's nest, and will hold • from 16 to 50 eggs. The cushion is eight inches thick, and fills the top of the second story within two inches of the top. Aftc- the eggs are placed in the nest, or incubator,another small cushion is pressed over the eggs, and all are kept warm. The temperature outside mav drop 20 to 40 degrees, bnt that in the nest is kept about the same. I find in this latitude eggs can be set any time after February 15, and as we ver}^ seldom get surplus honey here before June 10, all this time can be used to advantage. The eggs need turning only every two or three days, in this way, so it does not need very close watching. I am entirely satisfied with the plan, and to show how sure I am of the results, I have all the spring been setting pure Buff Cochin egi;S worth 15.00 a sitting, and have not lost a fertile egg; and the chicks are the best and strongest I ever had. Be sure to use the strongest colonies as incubators, having at least six combs well filled with broofl; then your test will re- sult satisfactorily. When in the queen business I used a lamp nursery for hatching out the queens. I often tried to hatch out hen's eggs in the lamp nursery, but never made a suc- cess of it. Incubation would begin. By holding the egg ut» to the light I could see the veins, and a dark spot that I sup- pose was the heart, but, after proceeding thus far. the process would stop and go no farther. I was talking about this with Prof. Tracy of Detroit, who had had some experience with incubators, and he said the trouble probably was that the tfem- perature was not high enough. When he first began using an incubator he kept the temperature at about the blood heat of animals (98°), supposing that that was the correct heat. Afterwards he found that the heat of fowls is 105°. If Prof, Tracy is correct, and Mr. Norton has hatched eggs by the heat arising from a colony of bees, there is a discrepancy here that needs some explanation. The temperature in my lamp nursery was kept between 90 and 100°. If it went above 100° it cooked the queens every time. I believe that experiments show that the normal temperature of a colony of bees does not go above 100°. If this is THE BEE-KKKPERS' REVIEW. 297 true, then Prof. Tracy must be wrong in saying that the temperature of an incu- bator should be 105°. Surely, some of the readers of the Review have used an incubator for hatching chickens, and they can give us the temperature that is used, (^f course, my failures might l;ave arisen from some other cause than that of low temperilure. It does seem, however, that if il is practicable to use colonies of bees as incubators for hatching chickens, that it might be much cheaper, and re- quire less attention, than the use of an in- cubator; especially for those who wish to go into the business on a limited scale. F.ALL LAKE OF HONEY. Har\esling, Storing and Cratinjj. A crop of fine honey may be ruined or greatly lessened in value by lack of knowledge or care in the harve.sting, storing and crating. The following ad- vice that I cop3' from the American Bee Journal was written by F. A. Snell, of Illinois. It contains nothing so very new or startling, but is a repetition of those things that need to be fairly drilled into the minds of some before they will be heeded. Mr. Snell says: — "I go through my apiary twice each week during a good flow, and note the progress being ma le in the supers, as I can (juickly do, as every super has an observation glass through which I can at a glance see what is being done. All completed supers are removed from the hives at each time, freed of bees, and taken to the honey-room adjoining the bee-vard. .\t this time, if more room is needed it is given each colony requir- ing it. "To have the ho ley in the best shape to sell, it should be removed from the hives as so5n as all is capped over. The beauti- ful cappings are then white and very in- viting. If allowed to remain long after being capped in the hives the cappings become darkened by the bees, and the appearance is injured. ".\s the summer harvest, which here is secured from white and alsike clover, and basswood, nears its close, less surplus room should be given, for by the con- traction of .space in the supers more combs will be coinj)leled than' in the larger space, and I desire to get all the finest comb honey ])ossible. At the close of surplus gathering from the above sources, all the supers should be removed from the hives, cleared of bees, and stored in the honey-house. "For the correct storing of surplus honey a warm, dry and airy r(3om is essential. There sliouUl be windows at least on two sides of the room to admit light and a good circulation. The win- dows should be opposite, and I think preferably at the enst and west sides of llie room. The building shoidd not be shaded, and should be painted a dark red or .some dark color, so as to draw heat. The hot, dry air of summer will in motion do much to still better ripen the hone} . Screens of fine wire should be tacked on the outside of the window- Cfsing at the bottom and sides, and a J^-inch space left at the top by full width of the window, and extend about one foot above the window. This will allow any bees that may be carried in with the honey to escape at the top. and will also exclude all bees, flies and millers. "The building .should be one foot or inore above ground, so no dampness may be caused from beneath. The windows should be left open on all pleasant days in summer. Of coursp, the honey-room should be mouse-proof. A strong rack should be made on which to place the honey, and preferablv at one side or end of the room, as it will so least interfere with working room. The rack should be one foot above the floor, so the air may freelv pass under it. A row of cases should first be put on, and on top of these at the front and back strips one inch square should be placed; and this should be continued in the same way un- til the space is filled to the ceiling of the room, if necessary. "All of the finest honey should be stored in a body, and that not so fine by itself. .\t the time the honey is taken in I place it to one side, and the next morn- ing clean off the ])ropolis from the sup- ers and boxes, so far as we can, and tier it up on the rack in the proper place. "By -Storing the honev as above stated, the hot air circulates freely all through between the cases and boxes, just as it should do to ripen the honey more fully. The honey is thus left tmtil time for crating to market, which is of neccessity after the close of the summer harvest. 29S THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW Some is crated to suppU^ my home de- mand, l)ut the larger part is left until September. "The supers taken off at the close of the sumn-er harvest not completed are tiered separateh\ '"To handle and crate cdnib hone}- pro])erly requires much care. The deli- cate combs are very easily cut or bruised, and a little carelessness will re.'mlt in broken combs and dripping honey. In crating comb honev I have a case at my right hand on a l^ench; at my left I place a honey-case. A section-box is raised from the super, taken in the left hand, and with the right hand I use the hive- opener with which I scrape ofif the pro- polis from the box and place it at one corner of the case, next the glass. The second section is removed from the super, and placed next to the first one in the case, and so I proceed until the case is filled. The other supers of the same grade are thus emptied. If any combs are cut, or in any way broken, such .should not be put in the case. A verj- few broken combs, if cased, will make a dauby mess, as the hone)' will cover much of the case bottom and drip through, thus disgusting all who may in any way later handle the honey. "I usually case mv nicest honey first, which I grade as No. r. That not so white in comb, or a little colored by the bees, and combs not so complete, is styled No. 2. The honey in the cases of each grade should be uniform in quality. The honey next the glass in each case should be no nicer than that in the cen- tral part. The honev should in other ways be cased so that to see the combs next the glass, as it stands in the store or commission house, may be an evidence of the quality of the whole case without further inspection. When honey is so put up, the purchaser, whether grocer or consumer, can take it, and handle it comb by comb with satisfaction in selling or using. Every bee-keeper has his own reputation to build up and hold; if he expects good sales in the future, his goods should ht as represented by the honev in full view. "The partialh- filled supers taken off at the close of the summer harvest should be looked over, and all complete boxes cased for sale, and those not so filled returned to the hives at the opening of the fall honey-flow, if such comes. "For the second grade I use very few un- capped combs, or those combs not nearly all capped. I sell some of the partially capped combs to neighbors, or to those who call and may see and prefer it at a lower price. Those not sold at the close of the honey season are emptied aiul used the next season. My honey-cases have two glass sides, which show off the honey to good advantage, and aid sales. The covers are tight filling, and come over to the outside of the cases, thus keeping out all dust, etc." Honey Quotations. The followinp; rnles for gradiug honey were adop'pd by the North American Bee Keepers' .\8flociatioii, at its Washiugton meetiug, ami, bo far as possible, quotations are made according to these rales . Fancy.— -Vll sections to he well filled ; coinlis straight, of even thickness, and lirnily attaclied to all four si'les ; both wood an^; bees- wax, 28. Sept. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. NEW YORK-There is little comb honey on our market, and practically no demand through our channels, just at this time; :io doubt caused largely on account of the risk in shipping during warm' weather. We usually do little on comb honev before September. We' do not advise the shipping of extracted honey just at this lime, for the reason that there is not much demand, and quite a liberal supply, although with our usual trade at this time of the year it would not take long to clean it up. We can hardly report reliable quotations at this time, but we certainly must look for lower prices than last season. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT & CO. July 17. W. Broadway Franklin & Variclc St«. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 299 NHW YORK — There is a pood demand for comb honev of all grades. The s ipply light and large quantities Could he disposed ot to advant- age at the following quotations: Fancy white, 15 to ifi: No. 1 white, 14 to 15: fancy amber, 12 to 11; No. I amber, II to 12; fancy dark, 10 to 11; white extracted,;'^; amber, extracted, 6'/s to 7; dark, extracted, 6'.^: beeswax. 2s. HILURKTH & SKGELKEN, Sept. 8. 120 West Broadway, New York — If you wieli tlie bent, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Kkvikw. He had an Oilell, tHkeii ill payment for ailvertiHinn. ami he would l)H pleas. -d tr«Fk^^» mF»»ur»* SHIPPING CASES Our No Drip Cases are still in the lead. We keep constantly on hand a large assortment from 12 pound size up. We also make special sizes to order. That Root's Cases are in demai'd is shown by the fact that one dealer alone has ordered 16,000 this season. •mp^^^^^f WINTER Our Winter Cases are made CASES °^ thin lumber dovetailed at the corners with a tele- scope cover. The cost is only 75 cents each singly, yet for convenience they are unsurpassed and only excelled by the chaff hive in the protection afforded. Don't let your bees winter-kill or spring- dwindle when you can avoid it by using our Winter Cases. HONEY Do you use labels for LABEI/S yo^^ honey? Are they really aLtractive labels.' If you do not you may be losing many sales because your honey lacks attractive- ness. You can't expect to market your honey at the best price unless you use every care in putting it up. Send for our Label Catalog and see our one two and three-color labels. *jr»^^»^)i BICYCI^ES AT COST In trade for honey at market prices. Having sold a car- load of bicycle crates we took in trade a quantity of wheels which we will sell at cost. These are ;?30.oo wheels. Our price, 1 1 7.00 cash, or 520.00 in trade for honey or wax. Catalog and full particu- lars on application. COMB Not too late vet to FOUNDATION order comb founda- tion for the fall flow. If j'ou order Root's Weed Process you may be sure you will be pleased with the result. We keep in stock the four grades in boxes of i, 2, 3, 5. 10 or 25 pounds. A small order has the same attention as an order for a ton. SPECIAI^ This is the time you should GOODS order odd size or special goods. Our busy season is over and we can do most any work in wood you want, either for bee-keepers or others. We make a specialty of packing boxes from the size of a section box up. Let us figure with you. •mJ'li^^M^' FEEDERS How about your winter stores? Are you sure your bees have enough? Should it be necessary to feed you can't do it easier than wi{h our Division - Board Feeder. This is made to hang like a frame in a Langstroth hive. Price, 20 cents each, complete — less in quantities. RUBBER GI^OVES This is the time of year you need gloves, for robbers are about and bees are harder to handle than earlier. Take comfort with a pair of our gloves. I,adies' sizes, Nos. 6, 7, 8 and 9. Si. 35, postage 5c. (iems' sizes, Nos. 10, 11 and 12 1.44, " 3c. Extra long driving.Nos. 13 and 14.1.70, " 10c. Mark size of hand on sheet of paper when ordering. If you order b\' num- ber, remember that in rubber you need two sizes larger than you wear in kid; i. e., if you wear No. 6 in kid you will need No. 8 rubber. M^^FW^' 'mJ'*^^^^^ ^M^'-M^^Jt The A. I. Root Company, Medina, 0. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. jot ODDS and ENDS I am about to move to mj- new house, which is on a small lot with streets ou three sides ot it, and I shall he compelleii to givs up the keeping of bees I have a few odds and ends that I would like to dispose of. 1 have a two basket, second-hand, Ferris wax extractor that cost ?7.oo when new. I will sell it lor 53 50. I have a new Ferris, single-bnsket wax extractor, list price 53 .so, would sell for 5250. I have a new, Doolittle, solar wax extractor, list price f3.6o, would sell it for 5250. I have ten dozen, i-pound, square, flint glass, Muth jars with corks, worth 50 cents a dozen, new, would sell at 30 cents a dozen. There are four dozen of the .same kind of jars, only they hold two pounds instead of one. and cost 62 cents a dozen when new. I would sell them at 45 cents a dozen. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FuNT - - - - Mich. mi Tliis is the orij^'iiial one-piece seclion-iu.Tii who fiinii.shes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, Ji. 88; r,ooo for ^3.25; 3,000 for $8,90; 5,000 for f 13.00; 10,000 for |22,6o. No. 2 sections are not made to order, but when in stock are sold at 1 1. 80 per M. /. FORXCROOTC Watertown, Wisconsin. % V U m Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies- of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest ever made; and he sells it at prices that de/y co^npetitiou ! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered here. Millions of Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies- Send for catalogue and be your own judge. A UG. WJ^JSS, Wisconsin. mm If the EEJIfii Is mentioned when answering an advertisement in its columns a favor is conferred upon both the publishei and the advertis- er. It helps the fo.iner by rais- ing his journal in the estima- tion of the adverti.ser: and it en- ables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profitable. If you would help the Review, be sure and say " I saw your advertisement in the Review," when writing to advertisers. yrCj ♦ i mm § Wily > § 302 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. JOHN F. STRATTON*S CELEBRATED BirminghamSteelStrings ^^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin. Banjo If^ Finest Made. Extra Plated. niUB MAr Warranted not to rust. Send for Catlg JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer* 811. 81C. 815, 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mention the Review. —If yon are eroinf? to— write to the editor of the Hevikw. He ha.s a now Barnes saw to sell and would be Riad to make you liapp.v by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Oueons, NucI i and Gdoniss. Best of Honey Gatherei's. Special prices to introduce during July, August and September. I'ntested queens, 50 cts each; J5.50 per dozen. Tested, fi.oo each. Nuclei, add 50 cts per frame to price of queens. Write j'our wants. Satisfaction guaranteed. S. p. CULLEY, Higinsvill^, A\o. Queens. W. H. L,aws has moved hi.s entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, wliere he will rear queens the com- ing season. The I^aws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, I2.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, $\.(X>\ 6 for ^5. 00. Untested, 75 cts.; 6 for I4.00. W. H. Laws, Round Rock, Texas. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. Our Fall Specialties Are your Fall Necessities — SHIPPING CASES. FIVE GALLON CANS, DANZ CAR- TONS, AND CASH OR TRAVE FOR BEESWAX-^^ Send for Catalog. M H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich. BOBS IT PAY? To buy poor queens, or those selected to give very yei^low bep:':. when you can get a strain of vellow bees that for years has been bred for HONEY GATHERI.NG aild PROLTFICNESS? Here is a sample unsought testimonial: ".Some of the queens I got of you are won- derful layers; in fact, I have been able to get hold of uch stock only once before. Thos. Brodericks. — See back ads. and circular. Moravia, N. Y." FOR TRIAL,, I offer ; warranted queen for 60 cts.; 3 for Si. 50; select for So cts.; 3 for $2.25; ordinary tested^ 75 cts.; select queens, tested, $1.00 toSi-5o; best," $2.00 and upward, J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla. THE QUEEN CRANK Occasionally has some second-class queens as to color of offspring that are first-class in every other respect. That is, three-band bees predom- inating from golden mothers, and rather than palm them off as untested, he sells them at .so cts each Wh n five-band bees predominate and do not exceed 80 per cent, they are worth 51 00. From this up to 95 per cent, ft. 25. A higher grade but not uniformly marked. Si. .so, and breeders S200 each. Untested, either three or five-band, 75 cts each, or three for S2.00. W. H. PRIDGEN, (Money order Creek, Warren Co., N. C. otiice, Warrenton, N. C.) 6-'oo-2t Exhibition Hives. I shall probablj- tnake no more exhibitions of bees and honey at fairs I have too many other irons in 'he fire. I have about a dozen nucleus exhibition hives that I would sell for 50 cents each. They are nicely made, with glass in one side and wire cloth on the other. .Six of them are painted a bright vermillion and the others a bright blue. They are of the right size for tak- ing one Langstroth frame. They cost |i.co each to make them. I also have about too of the old-style Heddon super, of the right size to u-se on an 8-frame, dovetailed hive. This is the best super there is if no seperators are used. They cost 20 cents each to make them when lumber was cheap They are well painted and just as good as new, but I would -sell them at 15 cents each. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich i THE BKE-KEKPERS' REVIEW. 303 Selection has been the chief factor in the de- velopemeiit and building up of our improved breeds of horses, cattle, sheep, swine, and poul- try. Men have devoted the best years of their life to a single line or branch of this work — and not without their reward. In bee-keeping but little has been done in this direction. The de- velopement of a bright yellow bee has been the most noticeable thing that has been done in this line. This is the most easy of accomplishment, as results are so quickly and easily discernable. To breed for honey - gathering qualities is a much slower process. As soon as bees hatch out we can decide in regard to their color, and as to whether we wish to rear queens from their mother for the p\irpose of improving the color of our stock; to decide in regard to their working qualities requires months — perhaps years. Every experienced bee-keeper must hav^e no- ticed how much more surplus is stored by some stocks than by others. Time and time again, when visiting bee-keepers, have I been shown some particular colony, and heard the owner tell with pride how much honey it had Sv.ored year after year; always coming through the winter in good condition, or doing this or that that was so desirable. The strange thing is that bee-keepers so seldom seem to realize the value of such a colony or queen, as a starting-point from which to improve the stock of their whole apiarj-. If they do realize it, they seldom take advantage of the knowledge. Suppose, by the introduction of improved stock, a man can in- crease his surplus, on the average, one year with another, ten pounds per colony, and that is not an extravagant estimate, on 100 colonies his surphis would be increased 1,000 pounds. The cost for hives, grounds, labor, wintering, etc , is nearly the same with one kind of stock as with another, just as it costs as much to keep a scrub cow as it does to keep a Jersey, and a gain in sur- plus that comes from improvement in stock is the most profitable that can be .secured. To im- prove your stock, get the very best that you can for breeding purposes, and with this stock your apiary; then watch carefully, and breed from those colonies that do the best. Cont nue this year aftc year, and you will be surprised at the resiilts. This matter of beginning with as good stock as you can get, is all-important. Don't lose years of time by commencing with common or inferior stock. Get the best; aiid thus be able to com- mence right where some other breeder left off. ( P. S. — For the first time, I am now able to As explained in previous advertisements, I am selling q\ieens from stock upon the development of which a good man has spent twenty years; making crosses, and then each year .selecting the best to breed from. I have several times tried this strain, and know it to be the best that I have ever tried. The price of these queens will be $1 50 each. This may stem like a high price, but the man who pays it will make dollars where this breed- er and myself make cents: and when you come to read the conditions under which they are sold, it will not seem ^o high. The queens sent out will all be young queens, just beginning to lay, but, as there are no black bees in the vicinity, it is not likely that any will prove inipurelj^ mated. If any queen should prove to be impurely m^t- ed, another will be sent free of charge. Safe arrival in first-class condition will be guaranteed. Instructions for introducing will be sent to each purchaser, and if these instructions are followed, and the queen is lost, another will be sent free of charge. This is not all: if, at any time within two years, a purchaser, tor any reason avh.\t- EVER, is not satisfied with his bargain, he can return the queen, and his money will be refund- ed, and 50 cents extra sent to pay him for his trouble. It will be seen that the purchaser runs NO RISK WHATEVER. If a queen does not arrive in good condition, another is sent. If he loses her in introducing, another is sent. If she should prove impurely mated, another is sent. ]f the queen proves a poor layer, or the stock does not come up to the expectations, or there is any rea- son why the bargain is not satisfactory, the queen can be returned and the money will be re- funded, and the customer fairly well paid for his trouble. I could not make this last promise if I did not KNOW that the stock is really .superior. I said that the price would be 51.50 each. There is only one condition under which a queen will be .sold for a less price, and that is in connection with an advance subscription to the Review. Any one who has already paid me, or who will pay me, $1.00 for the Review for 1900, can have a queen for $1.00 That is, you can have the Review for 1900 and a queen for $2.00. Of course, all arrearages previous to 1900 must be paid up before this offer will hold good This special offer is made with a yiew to the getting of new subscribers, and as an inducement to old .sub- scribers to pay up all arrearages and to pay in ad\-ance to the end of next year. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. fin orders for these queens by return mail.) 304 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. A\2iOy Iroproveroept? Tbis Yeeir. We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-suppHes. The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate- rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be worked b}- the foot. TbttttQie\:oP SALE I have a nearly new, Van Allen & Williams Honey Ex- tractor for sale. It has four baskets of the right size for ex- tracting Langstroth combs, and they can be reversed antomati- cally — without stopping the ma- chine. The regular price of this machine is I20.00, but, as this has been used some, I will sell it for 115.00. I would exchange it for bees, or anything else I could use. i We have a Ltarge Stoek, and ean fill Orders Promptly. Send us your orders for hives, extractors, or anything that you want in the bee-keeping line. We make only the best. Our Falcon Sections and Weed Process Foundation are ahead of anything, and cost no more than other makes. New catalogue and a copy of The American Hee-Keeper free. W. T. Falconer A\f5. 60., Jamestown, N. V. fk'r W. M. Oerrish, East Not- ingham, N. II., carries a full line of our goods at catalogue prices. flo pish-Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the Van Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This style of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a very thin base, with the surplus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in chang- ing the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely be distinguished from that built wholly by the ])ees. Being so thin, one pound will fill a large niunber of sections. All the Trouble of wiring brof>d frames can be avoided by using the Van Deusen wired. vSend for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. J. VH|4 DEUSBJ*!, Sprout Brook, N. Y. s I I 3o6 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ■ IIIIIIKBIIIIIIIIiailllllll;! iiiiiiii BLACK an^ HYBRID QUEEM5, In fact, all inferior Queens should be replaced with good young ones. With such queens you will have better suc- cess in wintering and a strong colonj' for the earliest "honey-flow. I am a honev producer, as well as a queen breeder, and know the value of a good queen in a honey hive. I have selec- ted for my mother queens those that I consider perfect in every respect. Their bees are large, gentle, and won- derful honey gatherers. :\Iy drone mothers are also carefiilly selected. Qu9«ns go by Return A\AiI. I I'ntested Qtieen, so cts.; 12 for s., so. I Te.sted Queen, j.1.00; 6 for S5.50; 12 for 58.50. Write for prices on larger numbers. $10.00 REWARD! To the person who .sends me the rnost money for queens between April i and November :, 1900. i = ■iiiiin w. < 0. VICTOR, liiiiii Wbz^rton, Texa5. 11 """k"'"' ii:H.:i;:ilhBir< iini'iiiiiiiii .■iiaiiinii iiiiiiniiiiii iiiiKiiiniii jwrmnm nrii'iunia iiiiiiBei.i.ii iii'lili liii iiiii>lii iliiiiiiiiiii iiluu'i lullllillilll liiiiiiiiiliiiii liiiiii.iii.i.i liiiii mill mill T 0 (/I 0 • CD null f-t> i:!':: v> 5* Jlllll liiiiii 3 0 0 •3 A. VQ I c iiiiiii < 3 3 0 il!!l»| ir.Ni I •^ 0 0 43 -^ 0 |il:ii 0 < 0 0 0 w 0^ 0 >< iiiiiiii ■rui S £3 c £1. > A. > iiiiiji inil:i 0 (^ ^ 5" i = 3 ^ VJ ^ 0 ■"''■ iiiui ■iiiiiii ft- ^ 3 0 /9 0 VA* v\ 0 ihlilllll J % "liuiiii- V) Wro Beirpber, Of Mt. Pleasant, Mich., has his own saw-mill, and a factory fully equiped with the latest machinery, located right in a pine and basswood region, and can furnish hives, sections, frames, separators, shipping cases, etc., at the lowest possi- ble prices. Making his own foundation enables him to sell * very close. Send for samples and prices before buying, and see how you may save money, time and freight. Bee-keepers' supplies of all kinds kept in stock. 12-99-lt Dittrper's Foupclatior? At WboI^5Alc 2ip0. Tliis makes the entire outfit worth an oven $20.00. It is ex- actlythe same kind of an f>utfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself ami teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone tnan some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell this ou' fit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance casli. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned aud the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. G. M. LONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Reuiew. I am advertising for B. F. Stratton ^ Son, music dealers of New York, and taking my pay in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. I have already bought and paid for in this way a guitar and violin for my girls, a flute for myself, and one or two guitars for some of my subscribers. If you are thinking of buying an instrument of any kind, I should be glad to send you one on trial. If interested, write me for des- criptive circular and price list, saying what kind of an instrument you are thinking of getting. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Bee keepers should send for our 00 CATALOG. We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices, Oar specialty is Cook's Complete hive. J. H. M COOK, 62 Cortland St., N. Y. City HDake Vour Own Hives. 3ee ^ Keepers Will save money by using- our Foot Pow- er Saw in makings their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JKO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. I 00 71 :./X^ ^ 3o8 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Great Clubbing Offers. My friends, liow many of you are reading some of the many, most excellent magazines of the day ? If j-oii are reading none, you are missing a great treat. Perhaps you regard them as luxuries. Possibly they are in some instances. They cer- tainly help to fill out our lives and to give us broader views. They are like windows that allow us to look out over the wide world. This life is not wholly one of dollars and cents — at least it ought not to be. Enjoyment, pure and simple, enjoy- ed just for the sake of enjoyment, is desirable and beneficial. To many there are few things that are more enjoyable than the bright pages of a really good magazine. To those who wish to give the magazines a trial, and to those who are al- ready reading them, I can offer some of the lowest clubbing offers that have ever been made. Here is what I have to offer: Success, Current I^iterature, McClures, Home Magazine, and the Review for only $4.00 Success, Current Literature, McClures, Cosmopolitan, and the Review for only 4.00 Success, Current Iviterature. McClures, Pearson's, and the Review for only 4.00 Success, Current I,iterature, Cosmopolitan, Home Magazine, and the Review for only 3.75 Success, Current Literature, Pearson's, Home Magazine, and the Review for only .. .. 3.75 .Success, Current Literature, Pearson's, Cosmopolitan, and the Review for only 3.75 Success, Current Literrture, McClures, and the Review for only 3-75 Success, Current Literature, Home Magazine, and the Review for only 3.50 Success, Current l^iterature, Cosmopolitan or Pearson's, and the Review for onlj' . ..3.50 (Review of Reviews, XEW s;-bscriptions, will be sent in place of Current Literature in any of the above combinations if desired.) Success, McClure's, Home Magazine, and the Review for only 3.25 Success, McClure's, Cosmopolitan, and the Review for on Ij' 3-25 Sviccess, McClure's, Pearson's, and the Eeview foronly .. 3.25 Success and McClure's, and the Review foronly 2.75 Success and Home Magazine, and the Review for onlj' 2.30 Success and Cosmopolitan, and the Review for only 2.50 Success and Pearson's, and the Review for onlv 2.50 All of the foregoing are monthly magazines, and the regular subscription prices are as follows: Success, $i.oo; Current Literature, $3.00, Review of Reviews, $2.50; McClure's, $1.00; Home Magazine, $1.00; Pearson's, $1.00; Cosmopolitan, $1.00. A little figuring will readily show that the offers are unprece- dentedly low; and I am very glad, indeed, that I can make them. Address, W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. ;e (|)ee- eepeps' Rev^ieii) A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to.tk[e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $1.00 A YEAR. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL X.ll, FLINT. MICHIGAN, OCTOBER 10, 1900. NO, 10. 'intering bees by burvixCt them in cla:mps. by w. z. hutchinson. For many years I have wintered bees by burying them in the j^round, much as farmers bury pota- toes and other veg- etables. I don't remember where I first got the idea, '»ut I do remember liaving some cor- respondence on the subject with Mr. C. J. Robinson, of Rich ford, N. Y. He very persistent- ly urged me to give no ventilation. He asserted that the bees would winter better with no ventilation — that the hibernation would be more perfect than in a "sea of oxygen. ' ' I was vers- loth to take this ad- vice; and it was with many misgivings that I finally ventured to risk six colonies with no ventilation except that which would come through the earth. At the same time I buried a dozen other colonies, giving them ventilation by means of a four-inch tube laid along the bottom of the trench, and extending out into the outer air. There was also a similar tube at the top, extending from the bottom of the pit up through the earth some three or four feet. I remember that I had a thermometer hung, by means of a string, in this upper tube, and that I often climb- ed up and drew up the thermometer to learn the temperature. The outside tem- perature had very little effect upon that inside the pit. When the mercury stood at zero in the open air, the thermometer drawn up from the clamp showed 43°. It did not vary three degrees from this in all winter. The bees wintered perfectly in both clamos. It seemed as though they were just about the same as when set in the previous fall. The straw around them, and the hives and combs, were dry and clean and free from mold. My belief in the ability of bees to pass the winter with no ventilation was greatly strengthened. The next winter I put 32 colonies into one clamp, and wintered them perfectly with no ventilation. This brought my confidence up to such a height that,^the next winter, I put 96 colonies into one clamp, and /os/ nearly all of thetn. There were 16 hives that had live bees in them when dug out in the spring These were weak in numbers, and several of them balled and killed their queens when they 310 THE BEE-KEEPERS' 1U5VIEW. were set out. This was the most serious loss with which I ever met while in the bee-business. There was no dysentery. The combs were clean and dry and full of honey, but the bees had deserted the hives, and crawled all through the straw. Perhaps the heat generated by so great a number piled in such close quarters drove out the bees. Perhaps they went in search of air. They certainly went. Since then I have several times winter- ed a dozen colonies in one clamp, and always with good success except in clay soil. Two or three times I have tried it there, and the bees wintered poorly; the hives and comos coming out in the spring reeking with mold and dampness. My successes have all been on a dry sandy hillside. With such a location I should have no hesitancy, whatever, in putting any number up to 25 or 30 into a clamp. It is possible that a large number might winter all right if given sufficient ventila- tion, but I am without experience on that point. The work of burying the bees is about as follows: First dig a trench wide and deep enough to allow the hives to set down in until the tops of the hives are level with the surface of the earth. Put in a little straw and lay in two rails a foot apart. Set the hives in a row on these rails. Put some straw around the hives, and then lay some rails over the hives, putting some short pieces of rails across under the rails to support them. Next cover the hives liberally with straw, say, to a depth of two feet, and then shovel on the earth to a depth of 18 inches. Sometimes I vary this by putting on only a few inches of earth, and then another layer of straw and then a few more inch- es of earth, covering the whole with a light covering of manure. I do not know that wintering bees in clamps has any advantages over that of wintering them in the cellar, and it is certainly considerable more work; but when one has a few colonies to winter at a place where there is no cellar, and ex- perience has told him that indoor winter- ing is better than out-door, he can success- fully winter the bees by putting them in a clamp, if the soil and location is suit- able. Don't winter in clay. Don't bury them where water will stand. Don't try wintering large numbers without ventila- tion, in fact, my experience is against large numbers, and I do not know that there is any objection to giving ventila- tion, even with small numbers, but I have never found it necessary. Flint, Mich., Oct. 9, 1900. NTRODUCING QUEENS BY AN IMPROVED HATCHING-BROOD PLAN. BY M. M. BALDRIDGE. the Friend Hutchinson : I have read in Review what you and others say about introduc- ing queens with absolute safety. The only safe way I have tried is to give the queen to hatching brood, same as you advise, but I place the same in a top story over the brood nest, with a fine wire- screen between. This keeps all robber bees and the bees of the bottom story away from the queen, and insures the re- quisite heat for both the queen and the hatching bees. Any time inside of a week, and when there are plenty of bees in the top story to protect the queen, I remove the wire screen and let the bees in the bottom story have access to the queen. Of course, the queen in the bottom story has been previously removed and all queen cells destroyed. A day or so later the brood in both stories can be consolidated in one story, if so desired. As many combs of hatching brood — (none unsealed) can be given to the top story as desired, and these can be taken THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 311 from the bottom story or from other col- onies in the apiary. I prefer to remove the screen near sunset, and to disturb the bees as Uttle as possil^le with smoke or otherwise. The queen in the lower stOTy need not be removed, if thought best, until the proper time comes for removing the di- viding screen. By this means there may be no loss whatever in egg laying. I allow no bees to fly or go outside of the top story until after both stories have been united, as stated. In fact, the young bees in the top story will have no special desire to fl\- during the first week of their lives. Nor will there be much hatching larvie to feed. • Vou will see, friend H., that my plan makes an incubator of the lower colony and does away with any loss to the hatch- ing brood, or the new queen, by reason of any sudden change in the temperature of the weather or from robber bees. Try my plan and report. St. Ch.\rles, Ills. Aug. 25, 1900. ^ p^OBACCQ SMOKE A "SURE THING" FOR INTRODUCING yUKKNS. BY B. F. J0NF:S. M. D. Recently, I have noticed articles on introducing queens by the aid of tobacco smoke; and, from a perusal of these articles, it would be difficult for the novice to decide for or against the method. Some obiect to it; others say very little to encourage it; and, according to the evidence, ninty nine out of every hundred use the eating-out method. At the beginning of my experience I used the eating-out method, and lost a large percent. A friend then instructed me in the use of tobacco smoke, and the only ones lost since have been by the eating-out plan, which was used when it was impossible to be on hand at the prop- er time on account of professional busi- ness. This is how I do it: After the queen arrives I at once examine the queenless colony that is to receive her; destroying all queen cells that are started. If a queen is to be removed, it is done in the morning of the day when her successor is to be introduced. If nuclei are to be formed, it is also done during the fore- noon, and the queen in either case is to be given at dusk when the bees are all in. When evening approaches, if it is cool I begin earlier; if warmer and the bees late returning, I delaj' somewhat. For smoker fuel I use white cedar bark ; although any kind can be used. I also use as a starter, a piece of burlap, or old cotton rag, impregnated with saltpeter by soaking in a solution of saltpeter, and drying. When nicely started, a teaspoon- ful of any granulated smoking tobacco is dropped in. I first give the queen a puff, then puff smoke at the entrance of the hive sufficient to drive the smoke to every part of the hive. After one minute I raise the cover carefully, following it with sufficient smoke to reach every bee and drive them back. Then I pry off one end of the wire cloth of the shipping cage, and allow the queen to run down between the combs, following her with a puff of smoke, drop the quilt and close up the hive. To sum up: Never dequeen, or form nuclei, in advance of receiving a queen; for she may never come or may arrive dead. See that snioke reaches t'very bee, as well as the queen; and allow the queen time to quiet down. Then she will not take wing, as in case of liberation while agitated. Destroy all queen cells in the forenoon of the day of introduction in colonies having been queenless sufficient- ly long. Close the hive, after liberating the queen, and do not disturb her for four days. There cannot be a simpler or easier method; and you may as confident- ly expect to find the queen in possession of the hive as you were that she was put there. Id.\ho F.\lls, Idaho, Oct. i, 1900. 3*^ THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. MOW TO MAKE OF BEE-KEEP- ING A MORE SAFE, PLEAS- ANT AND PROFITABLE PURSUIT. BY ADA L. PICKARD. "If to do were as easy as to know, what were good to do, chapels had been churches, and poor mens' cot- tages princes' palaces. It is a good divine that follows his own instructions." Many readers remark that arti- cles written from time Jo time are all right in the- ory, but when put into practice do not work as repre- sented on paper. These statements may be true; but perhaps the reason why they did not work was because the operator failed to carry out the plan and method proposed. No one has any right to ad- vance simply theories, which he knows will not work; instead, he should advance plans and methods which have been tried and proven. Our theme, to which we must resort, is "How to make bee-keep- ing a more safe, pleasant and profitable pursuit." We must first make the state- ment that bee-keeping can not always be relied upon as a safe occupation without any other source of income. .We are en- tirely dependent upon circumstances, and at the mercies of conditions. It seems sometimes that no matter how well the apiary is managed there are conditions which will not permit us to obtain a hon- ey crop. "It is not all gold that glitters" in any occupation. Often the winters are open, one day freezing and the next da}' thawing, with no snow upon the grouud, and white clover is "winterkilled;" and in regions where clover is exclusively depended up- on for the honey crop we hear failure, failure as the result. In the basswood belts there are also many draw-backs, and discouragements; such as late spring frosts, drouths, and the difficulties which have been experienced with flies and worms working upon the basswood bloom; thus making the long looked for honey crop a failure. Then, in other lo- calities, the apiarist suffers many times from drouths which ruin his honey crop; almost every locality and business has its draw-backs. "Green Fields" are alwa3's far away. Some may think I have men- tioned too many of the discouragements, but when we take the bitter with the sweet, the sweet is all the sweeter. Every stage of life has its shadows with its sunshine, so it is with every business, each has its failures with its successes. There is not always a honey crop when there is bloom, as the conditions of the atmosphere greatly influence the secre- tion of the nectar; and after the bee-keep- er has experienced many of these difficul- ties he is convinced that bee-keeping alone is not a safe pursuit. But it may be made more safe and prof- itable if operated with another occupa- tion; thus shooting the arrow you may kill two birds, while the other way only one is aimed at and that too may be miss- ed. Some will not agree with me here, but will sa}- divided attention means failure. No ! not necessarily, one can operate more than one occupation and not neglect either if he selects occupa- tions that will work well together. It is a very good motto to say "This one thing I do" but sometimes it is better to say these livo things I do, and place 3'our time and attentions along these lines. Supposing most bee-keepers to be fanners, an agreeable occupation that could be combined with bee-keeping with success (and more safety and profit to the bee-keeper, and perhaps more pleasure if it proved profitable) is that of sheep raising. The combination of the two would give the bee-keeper another source of profits if the season proved un- successful with the bees. The sheep and little lambs may be cared for in early THE BKE-KEBPBRS' REVIEW. 313 spring before the bees are taken from their winter quarters; ami after the bees have been taken out they will not require all of one's time and attention in the early part of the season; and after the season has advanced initil the bees re- quire all of the apiarist's attention the sheep may be left in the green fields to feed upon the tender grass, while the little lambs gambol about, filling the owner with pleasure as he sees the demonSLration of new life. The old German adage says: "Keep plenty of hees and sheep Then cosily lie down and sleep."' The German writer undoubtedly thought the one keeping plenty of bees and sheep had a safe and profitable pursuit; thus realizing a good income, and, consequent- ly, free from worry, he could sleep contentedly. Bee-keeping as a pursuit affords great pleasure, as it is a branch of thought and stndy belonging to nature, ever present- ing rare food for the observing faculties to those on the alert to receive them. To be susceptible to this pleasure one must, if not alread}' possessed of it, cultivate a taste and love for the study of nature; as the bees are ever presenting habits and instincts which are marvelous. Then, too, from a moral stand point, bee-keep- ing is a pleasant and profitable pursuit, as it has a tendency to elevate the desires and ennoble manhood. No one will dispute that bee-keeping is a profitable pursuit if managed in the proper manner, but I claim it may be made a more safe and profitable occupa- tion if operated with another occupation; one that will not detract too much atten- tion from the bees. To be a successful apiarist one must be willing to attend promptly to the varied duties; never "putting off until to-mor- row what ought to be done to-day," and one must be cautious and observing. One must always be willing to look after the little things about the apiary, as many dollars are sometimes lost by carelessne,ss. "Look after the penny and the dollar will take care of itself." The weak colonies need the care and special atten- tion. By taking a few frames of hatch- ing brood from a strong colony at the proper time and giving it to the weak one you will have two good colonies for the honey harvest instead of one. Save all of the scrapings and render them into wax, which when saved will amount to many more dollars than one would imag- ine if not accustomed to saving those lit- tle bits. And carefully watch the honey house that mice and moths do not get in and work upon the combs stored away; for many dollars may be lost in a short time by this careless neglect. When we consider the comparatively small amount of capital invested, and the relative small amount of labor and ex- pense required to operate an apiary, one is surprised at the abundant reward. I do not wish to be understood here as claiming that labor is not required in the apiary. The apiarist with several hun- dred colonies must, at certain seasons, work vigorously both muscle and brain; yet this hard physical labor will last only about five months; and the balance of the year may be spent in comparative leisure. The apiarist with a large apiary, or per haps several apiaries, can certainly oper- ate his apiary with less expense and labor if he produces extracted honey. When once prepared for extracting, there is com- paratively little expense; about the only expense is that of the package for the hon- ey. We have no sections, thin founda- tion, or shipping crates to buy; are free from the expense and worry of changing the shape the honey is to be stored; whether it shall be in tall, or in square sections; round or hexagonal. In pro- ducing extracted honey, one always knows in what style the honey is to ap- pear. Then, I believe, there is more pro- fit, fand less labor) in producing extract- ed honey than comb; because the bees will store more honey. The bees are not obliged to build comb in the honey flow to store their honey in, and use, as it is claimed by some, twenty-one pounds of 314 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. honey to make one poi;nd of wax, but can store that twenty-one pounds in the extracting combs to be extracted. Of course, you will say the extracting combs had to be made; yes, but when once made they may be used for a life time, while the comb for producing comb honey has to be built every year. We are using combs in our apiaries that are at least twenty-five years old, and I do not see but what they are good for another twenty -five years. The idea of old combs discoloring the honey is more of a theory than anything else. In my opinion a colony can make two pounds of extracted honey to one of comb. When fancy com^" sells for 15 to 16 cents, extracted sells for 8 tog cents (these are the prices at time of writing). A good average for an average colony in an average season is 100 pounds, and on the basis of two to one, all things being equal, the comb honey colony would produce only fifty pounds. The difference in quantity pro- duced and the difference in prices would make a net income of one dollar more per colony if managed for extracted hone\'. To procure a crop of fancy comb honey everything must be favorable. The col- ony must be in the proper condition, the season right, and the honey flow right; whereas, if the honey flow is short, and we get only a little honey in the extract- ing combs, that which we have is in a marketable shape with no losses. In preparing for a crop of honey, either extracted or comb, it must be the apia- rist's highest aim to secure the greatest number of workers for the honey flow; these may be secured by having abun- dant food for spring stimulation, good young queens and plenty of room for the queen, so brood rearing may always be in progress. One must always be on the alert that the bees have room for work at all times; as myrids of workers idle mean heavj' losses in quantity of honey obtained, hence losses in profits. Although it costs a little to provide each colony in the apiary with a queen excluder it is more profitable, as time is saved in extracting full combs of honey instead of partly filled ones, containing honey and brood. Then, too, the honey extracted from full combs, well sealed, presents a more palatable appearance than honey extracted from combs with unsealed brood, having in the extractor honey and "those worms" together, as the larvte are sometimes spoken of by those who visit the apiarj'; and we as apiarists should strive to have the honey house, extractor and Everything about, as clean and tidy as possible, thus mak- ing the honey more appetizing; as it is our business to educate people to eat hon- ey; especially when we keep bees, with the view of producing honey for sale. The honey should be ripened upon the hives, for it to have the best flavors. Pick an apple before it is ripe aud the flavor is lost; extract honey before it is ripe and the best flavors are lost. Then let us ripen the honey on the hives as the best quality always brings the best prices. Richland Center, Wis., Mar. 15, 1900. RODUCING EXTRACTED HONEY AT A GOOD TROFIT. BY H, P. MINER. To the question: Is bee-keep- ing a safe and profitable investment, or can one expect a fair living from it, if rio^hily pursued ? I most emphatically sayjir^.' If a per- son has a liking for the business, is in- dustrious, not afraid of work or stings, has push, energy and good sound "hoss sense," he cannot find any rural pursuit that will bring him more income for the capital invested or time spent than will bee-keeping; supposing, of course, that the apiary is situated in a locality where honey producing flowers exist. Perhaps it may be well for me to say that it has been only eleven years since I first had an attack of bee fever, and ten years since the first bees were purchased; THE BEB-KEEPERS' REVIEW 315 it will be seen that I am only a "novice" at the business. Of course, I have been rather successful; the three original hives and one log, or gum, have increased un- til at the close of the past season, there were 305 colonies in chafT hives packed for winter, on their summer stands. The largest honey crop was during the season of 189S, viz. i2,ocK) lbs. secured at an out- lay of labor of 55 days, including the time of team used in moving bees, hives, etc., and also the time of the horse used to carry me to out-apiaries. This is the actual time taken in working with the bees during the summer, but does not count time spent in nailing hives, etc. I will now describe as briefly as possible my methods of bee keeping. As I have to oversee the farm-work on two stock- farms of 200 acres each, it is necessary that every motion made in the apiary counts as much as possible. Supposing that you have your apiary in a good location with hives in rows ten feet apart, and hives in the row to be in pairs, with a three foot space between each pair of hives, when all are on their stands there will be an eight-foot alley between the rows, and between eveiy other hive in the row will be a three-foot alley, and have the rows straight both ways to avoid dodging hives with the wheel-barrow, and to facilitate mowing the grass or weeds aVjout the apiary. Next make a honey house to accommo- date your extractor, uncapping can, emp- ty hives, honey packages, and still have some spare room, as you don't want to be cram jjed for room. One 12 x 24 will be large enough for 100 colonies. Be sure it is bee-tight. Have the windows cov- ered with screen wire, with a bee escape at the top so that bees taken in on the extracting supers mav readily pass out- side. Vou also need an extractor, and don't get any thing smaller than a four-frame reversible. I use a six-frame Cowan and would have nothing smaller. The first work to be done in the spring in this locality is to look over the bees about April first and see that each colony has plenty of stores and a good queen. Remove the burlap covering from over the brood frames and substitute the su- per covers so as to confine the warm air; as no upward ventilation is necessary in summer. Replace the chaff and leave until about May loth, when the chaff should be removed, and, if necessary, ex- tra combs or supers added. Every five or ten days look them over and add extra frames or supers as need- ed, until the white fancy harvest is over. One day's work, by using a wheel-bar- row, will be sufficient to look over 100 colonies, and place enough empty supers to last 5 or 10 days, if you do not have more than 10 miles to travel from your home to the out-apiary. After the honey is all capped you are ready to extract, and not before; use su- , pers with self-spacing frames 5>^ inches deep and have all frames wired; as you can't do rapid work, or wheel, shake; or handle supers filled with loose frames, without killing bees, or bruising the sur- face of the combs. Get your wheel-barrow close behind the hive, have your smoker ready, and prj"^ loose your cover, puff in some smoke with the right hand, meanwhile flopping the back end of the super cover to force the smoke down faster; remove the super cover with the left, and set your smoker down and with the right hand pry the super loose from the back end. Pick up the super and give two or three sudden jerks over the hive, to shake most of the remaining bees from the frames, set it on the wheel-barrow, with the frames running lengthwise; never mind if you have left a few bees on the super; take the next super, or go to the next hive, repeat the operation until you have six or eight supers on your wheel-barrow; wheel it into the honey house and pile them cross-ways of each other, so as to let the bees out fa.ster; they will fly to the windows and go out faster than two men could brush them from the combs. By the time you have 500, or 1000, lbs. 3i6 THB BEE-KEEPFAS' REVIEW off, j'our first supers will be clean of bees; it need not take more than one or two hours at most, to remove the supers to the honey house. If alone, set jour upcapping can close beside the extractor, so as to easily reach the extractor handle. After uncapping the combs fill the extractor; give it a few turns and let it run of itself while you are uncapping and piling up j^our next batch of twelve half-depth frames for the next filling; occasionally give the crank a few turns to keep up the motion. Al- ways place the top-bars together in the comb-baskets; when taking out the em- pty combs, grasp both top bars with the right hand and lift them out; with the left grasp the other end let the top comb roll over beside the under one and you have them in the right position to set in the empty siiper. With a little practice you can easily re- move, uncap, and extract 500 to 1000 lbs. per day, alone, and put the empty supers back on the hives, which I do toward evening. I have alone taken 1080 lbs. of honey from the hives, uncapped, extracted, put it into five-gallon cans, and returned the empty supers to hives, working from 7 o'clock A. M. . to 6:30 P. M. Others may have done far more in less time. With a six-frame machine 5 lbs. can be extracted as quickly as 2 lbs. can with a two-frame extractor. I have both, but don't use the smaller unless compelled to. For filling 5-galllon caus use a large funnel holding a pail full, and have a cork that fits the lower end of the funnel, with a large wire reaching up through the honey to the top of the funnel; when your can is full cork up the funnel and change to the next can and have no spil- ling. After the cans are filled place the cover on the box and nail — but don't nail the can. About October first, remove the supers from the hives to the hone}' -house, look through the hives and see that all colo- nies have 25 lbs. each but 50 lbs. will do no harm, as they will make good use of it. Let the bees quiet down to their now smaller hive for a day or two before put- ting on the chaff for winter. Get the winter cases and distribute, one to each hive, a sheet of burlap to cover frames and three corn cobs to use as a Hill's de- vice, as cobs are cheaper and better as there is no metal about them, besides they make No. i smoker fuel for next season. Load your crate of 5 or 10 bushels of chaff onto your wheel-barrow, and wheel it along behind the hives right where you want it, then fill a half bushel with chaif so as to be all ready before you open the hive. You don't need any smoker or veil as the bees are somewhat dormant at this time of year and will not fly for a few seconds. Next uncover the hive with the left hand, meanwhile with the right putting on the three cobs across the frames for the bees to cluster between, set on the chaffs case, and lay the burlap over the frames and cobs, and dump in your chaff, seeing that it fills the corners well, put on the cover and take the next hive, it need not take much longer than to read this. After having chaffed all, then pick up the super covers and put them in the honey-house, and if the apiary is where the snow does not drift you need not look at them until the next spring. One man can easily chaff 100 hives per day where the chaff, cases, etc., are at the apiary. Compare this with lugging bees into cavee, up and down cellar stairs; besides, the bees certainly appreciate a cleansing flight occasionally during winter. After the bees are all chaff packed for winter, then look up a customer for your honey crop, if you should have a crop, and keep yourself posted as to market prices, and don't let some unreliable commission house fool you with its high prices. Some years, selling is hard- er than producing. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. i^i Having sold your honey, take part of the proceeds and attend one or more bee- keeper's conventions, for it is time well spent, even if yon have heard about all of the new "kinks" of the trade through the bee periodicals. Take and read the bee-papers, the more the better, be pro- gressive, up to date, ready to receive and give information, keep abreast the times, push your business and alwa3S be ready for the honey flow when it comes, and don't be a drone; be a worker. RktreaT, Wis., Mar. 26, 1900. ^ ^>i-T<^HMrERATURE AT WHICH HEN'S EGGS HATCH. THE FEASIBILITY OF HATCH- ING THEM IN A BEE HIVE. BY H. G. QUIRIN. I notice that you desire information as to the correct tem- perature that eggs ought to be kept for hatching. As I used to turn out several thousand chicks per year, us- ing artificial means fiir hatching them, i think I can throw - line light on the j^ ^^jy A. -ibject. 102 de- i|d^^B^H^^H^^^ for ^^^^K^^^^^^H a double-tank ma- ^^^^^ ^^I^B and 103 for a single-tank, as 102 in a double-tank machine is equal to 103 in a single-tank machine. The abov • temperatures are correct for the first week or ten days of incubation; but as soon as blood vessels are noticeable in the eggs, action or motion sets in, and heat will be generated by the egg itself. This is not noticeable until about the tenth day, at which time less oil will be burned, and the heat will also run a little higher. On the eighteenth day the temperature will stand at about 104°, to 105°. /I must nei'C) go higher thau the latter. The bulb of the thermometer must rest on and between two live eggs; the bulb not to rest on the large end of eggs or where the air chamber is. It will sometimes be found that the themperature of the egg- chamber is 98^ to 100°, while the ther- mometer resting on the live eggs will register 105°. As to the utility of using swarms of bees for hatching hens' eggs, I, for one, do not think that it can be successfully managed here in the North; that is, where it is expected to do the incubation from start to finish. It undoubtedly will work all right b}- having the eggs placed under hens, and, after having been started for a week or ten days, then test out the infer- tile ones and place the good eggs or fertile ones over the top of a good strong swarm, as the eggs themselves will now begin to generate heat. But I do not think it will pay to fool around in trying to hatch eggs with bees, where one has plenty of hens to do the work; but where one has not sufBcient broody hens then it prob- ably would do all right to use what hens there are to start the eggs, testing out the fertile ones and giving them to the bees to finish, while the hens would be given a new lot to start; in this way one might get as many chicks hatched with one hen as%vouid otherwise be hatched with four or five. P.\RKER'ro\vx, Ohio. Oct. 2, 1900. AX Si:CRETION NOT THE FORTE OF OED BEES. BY ARTHUR C. MILLER. Some occurances in my apiary during the past season have brought forcibly to my attention things that I do not recall having seen published hereto- fore, at least not in just the way they ap- peared to me, and a brief statement of them may serve to throw light on some other puzzles. I had a very large colony without any brood for eighteen days, at which time 3i8 THB BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. the queen (given meanwnile) began to lay. It was twenty-one days later before any young bees appeared, and fully another week before they were hatching rapidly. About a week before the first brood began to hatch I gave the colony some broken combs to repair, but much to my surprise almost nothing was done towards such work, and what little was done, was done with old wax — no new wax appearing — and during this time the queen was laying in these combs, one of which was broken from the top bar and was loose and shaky. Honey and pollen were coming in slowly and they had a good supply stored. Now note: When the young bees become fairly abundant these combs were quickly repaired and with new new wax, and this with a de- creasing honey flow, in fact almost none. It will be noticed that when the broken combs were given, the youngest bees in 1 he colony were at least thiity days old. Prof. Cook and others have shown that old bees do secrete wax, and when forced do build comb, but I believe that it is the young bees that usually do the wax secre- ting and comb building, and on whom we must depend for comb in sections, Mr. J. H. Martin (Rambler), in a recent let- ter, corroborates in a measure my opin- ion. I have had several similar experi- ences, but none so conclusive, as none were so long without brood. May not some of the differing results obtained in large and small hives and at- tributed to the size of the hive, have been due more to the greater proportion of young bees than to the size of the hive ? May not also "watery" cappings be due to a scarcity of young bees ? It is too late in the season for me to follow this up by experiments, but perhaps some of the Southern bee-keepers can throw some light upon it before next spring. Providp:nce, R. I. Sept. i8, 1900. [Since the foregoing was put it type - the following from Mr. Miller has come to hand. — I'^D.] In Gleanings for October ist. in their department of "Pickings," you will find an article of Mr. Greiner's relating to the characteristics of various races of bees, and the comments thereon. I think this goes to prove the theory which I set forth in a recent communication to j'ou. It would be interesting to know the size of hive and system of management used by Mr. Greiner, as well as the honey resour- ces of his locality. From some experi- ments that I have had with the Carnio- lans I believe they need a very large hive, and that then the swarming tendency is the least and the effect of a large quan- tity of young bees is most strongly felt. Perhaps we are on the right track to a solution of some of the puzzles of the trade. What do you think? In your editorial of some months ago, relating to my experiments on the dev'-el- opment of laying workers, you used the expression that if we "were sure that no effort had been made to rear queens," the evidence there would seem to be conclu- sive. I wish to inform you that the col- ony I selected for that purpose had a young and vigorous queen of the previous season's raising, and had made no effort towards rearing a queen prior to the time of the experiment. Yours very truly, ■ Arthur C. Miller. OVING A CARLOAD OF BEES IN NOVEMBER. BY JOHN D. BIXBY. Noticing an inquiry in one of the bee-journals in regard to moving bees in cold weather, I submit the fol- lowing experience. 1 n Noveniber last I moved 46 colonies from northern Iowa to Saratoga Co., N Y.; a distance of over 11 00 miles. We began loading the car Nov. iSth. and fin- ished unloading Nov. 28th, after a three- mile haul by .vagon, making 11 days dur- ing which the bees were more or less disturbed; the actual time occupied in transit by rail being 4>^ days. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 319 Tlie bees were irusUy in eight-frame dovetailed hives, on newly built, wired, Hoffman frames. About one-half the hives were j^jiven a "s inch entrance, bal- ance "s inch; all with double wire cloth entrance-closers. Covers were tacked on and no other ventilation given. About -; were well supplied with stores, balance being light, late swarms. Hives were packed lengthwise of the car, in two tiers, no straw or packing except boards to hold the hives firmly in ])lace, the space above the hives being packed to the roof with supers, etc. The balance of the car, to the center, filled solid with fixtures and household goods, held firmly in place by board partition, well braced. All came through alive and in good condition except one, which was on L, frames, unwired, which broke down and smothered the bees. The weather was mild for the season, being above the freezing point except at night. Bees had a chance to fly after arrival, and only one has died since putting in the cellar, Dec. 1 6th. The consumption of stores during the trip was large, but, unfortunately, I have no figures as to how large. The loss in bees was surprisingly heavy, most colo- nies having from a pint to two quarts dead on the bottom-board. I judge these to be mostly the old bees, as the loss in cellar up to date iMar. 10) is less than I have ever known during 15 year's experi- ence. Not one wired Hoffman frame was broken 01 damaged during the trip. Grooms, N. V. Mar. 12, 1900. uba, its advantages and disadvantages as a location for bee- keeim;rs. by mrs. g. e. MOE. The same rule holds good in this sun- ny land as iu other parts of the world; that is, not so mnch depends on the loca- tion as on the pluck of the bee-keeper; and while some have met with good suc- cess, others have met with complete fail- ure. There are, however, other factors which tend to failure or success, aside from those inherent in the individual; and of those it is my purpose to mention a few. Do not understand me to say that those who have failed here have done so for want of decision or energv, or lack of knowledge regarding the business; or that those who succeed, do so solely through possessing these faculties. Lo- cation plays a great part in the matter; and the very best honey producing locali- ties are those where one finds it the least desirable to live. The nectar is gathered almost exclusively from wild flowers, and during the winter months. Aquinaldo, a beautiful white bell-flower, which grows in swamps and other waste places, is one of the principal producers. The honey is very white, and of a fine flavor. There are many other flowers of less im- portance, but when one is selecting a place for an apiarj^, it is considered the first step to look for the Aquinaldo vines. There are palm blossoms through the year, and though they give honey of an undesirable flavor, and in small quanti- ties; yet they assist in maintaining the bees during the summer, when flowers are very scarce; and the bee keeper con- siders it great luck if he strikes a locali- ty where other summer houey-producing plants are found. It is quite usual to be obliged to feed honey and sugar during the trying part of the year, and many have lost largely from starvation and disease the past sea- son. One apiary, containing about 800 colonies, sustained a loss of 300; another of 400, lost 150; and still another of 113 was almost completely lost. Others have met with no losses; on the contrary, have made considerable increase. One yard of 6 colonies now contains 50, and anoth- er of 30, at the beginning of the season now numbering 118. 3io THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. The months from November to Febru- ary cover the principal honey flow. While the disadvantages of wintering are not to be encountered here, the bee- keeper has not that long vacation from the work, and the liability to loss in the summer is as great, necessitating con- stant vigilance and work to prevent star- ving and robbing, and to keep the apiary free from moths and foul brood. Foul brood is one of the greatest disadvantages here; it seems to be an ever present menace to the Cuban apiarist. Honey is shipped and sold in "bocoy" weighing about 1200 lbs. each when filled; and Germany is the chief market. Not so much is paid for it there, but the heavy duty bars the Cuban product from the United States. Many of the best honey producing localities are in remote places where ship- ping facilities are very poor. Nearly the only way of travel being by means of ox- carts or on horseback. A new railroad, the Cuban Central, has been com.nenced. It is to extend through Matanzas, Santa Clara, and Puerto Principe from Havana to Santiago de Cuba. This will give shipping facilities to a large part of the island which is said to be a fine section for honey. One has, also, to contend with pestif- erous insects, such as ants, fleas, mos- quitoes, etc., none of which are mere dreams. Domestic inconveniences are manifold, and few of the "Americnas," as the ladies from the United States are called, care to reside in this country. To conclude, if one can surmount the obstacles of living without schools, churches, or society, or the ordinary con- veniences of life, if one can live in a tent or a palm cabin, and pay exorbitant prices for dry-goods, groceries, freight, etc., if one can keep bees free from death and disease through the summer, one will be rewarded by an abundant flow of beautiful white honey of a fine quality during the winter. Candalaria, Cuba. Aug. 28, 1900. EDITORIAL ftcrings. Wisconsin bee-keepers will hold their annual convention in Madison on the 24th and 25th of January. •m^^i^^^Uft't Colorado bee-keepers will hold their State Convention in Denver, Nov. 21st, 22nd, and 23rd. The State horticulturists meet at the same time. •m^'U^^^^P a^^l^ Extracted Honev must be in good demand. There is scarcely a day that does not bring me an inquiry asking if I know 6f any for sale. Sixty-Pound Cans are most heartily endorsed by Mr. Walter S. Pouder in Gleanings. He says that he hopes the day of putting honey in barrels is past. Mr. York and the Roots think the same. It is clearly evident that those who han- dle honey for a retail trade prefer the cans. Manufacturers seem satisfied with barrels. Specialists in bee-keeping are very few in Great Britain, according to Mr. J. T. Calvert, who has been visiting Europe and writing an interesting ac- count of his trip and having it printed in Gleanings. The great mass of bee-keep- ers in Great Britain are those who keep less than a dozen colonies; and who keep them either as a diversion, or to help out the store of family sweets. Mr. Doolittle gives, in Gleanings, as reasons for producing both comb and extracted honey in the same apiary, that some colonies show a disinclination to work in the sections, while others swarm and leave a lot of unfinished sections. If THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 321 the swanii is put back Ihe bees sulk and swarm again. By the use of the extrac- tor, giving plenty of empty combs, these troubles can be remedied. «»j<^ »**»*"^» THE LANGSTROTH MONUMENT. At last a monument has been placed over the grave of the Rev. L. L. Langs- troth. It is of granite, simple and plain, and cost only $3t>'^^••'^«n THE INFLUENCE OF RESOLUTIONS. President Root, at the Chicago conven- tion, called attention to the value of reso- lulions or endorsements by State or National associations. He had been be- fore the Ohio legislature in the interest of certain bills, and he there learned the value of such endorsements. When he tried to interest the members in a foul brood bill, and an anti-spraying bill, about the first question asked was, '"Does 3'our State organization ask for them?" When they learned that there was no such organization, they manifested very little interest in the measures. Legisla- tors are constantly beset by people who have all kinds of hobbies, or axes to grind; and, as it is impossible to listen to all of their claims, law-makers are com- pelled to confine their attention to mat- ters that emanate from representative bodies rather than from men individually. Resolutions, suitably drawn, go a long ways in influencing legislators. Ix-i)OOR Wintering versus out-door wintering is a subject that has received a large amount of discussion. It is large- ly a question of locality. Mr. Root of Gleanings very fairly states the matter when he says that where cold weather lasts nearly all winter, with only an oc- casional day in which the temperature is above the freezing point, he would recom- mend iu-door wintering. Or if the cold 3^4 rHB BEE-EKBPBRS' REVIEW. weather, with occasional intermissions, lasts clear up to actuil springtime, he would still advise in-door wintering. If the winters are somewhat open, a month of cold weather being followed, perhaps, by a spell of open weather, his advice is to winter the bees in double-walled hives in the open air. My own preference would be for out-door wintering where the climate is such as to admit of it. In this locality, one year with another, I have succeeded better by wintering the bees in the cellar. <^^*rfm^«»»«^ WHY THE REVIEW IS I^ATE. Soon after my return from the Chicago convention I was taken down with my annual, autumnal attack of rheumatic fever. Most of the time I was able to sit up, but there were a great many days when I was not able to even answer the mail. Before I was really able to do much work came the moving from the old house into the new. This was quite a task as there were the household goods, the office, and the bee-hives, sections, and other bee-keeping supplies to move. We were right in the midst of this work when there came a telegram announcing the death of my father who lived in Tus- cola county. Although scarcely able to take the journey, I went to the funeral and returned with apparently no bad effects. At present I am writing with a great variety of things piled up around me. Eventually, however, things will get into their proper places, and the long hard task of building a house and getting settled in it will be over, and we can all put our shoulders once more to the wheel that runs the Review, and get it out on time. »^*^^^^» It'll" SECRETION OF WAX. Mr. W. S. Pender, in the Australian Bee-Keeper, makes an interesting com- parison, or computation, to show the amount of honey used iu the secretion of wax. He says that about 1-7 of the weight of a swarm of bees is honey. Take a 7-lb. swarm, and the whole swarm would carry one pound of honey. After such a swarm has been hived 24 hours it has been known to have built comb weighing 4 ounces. According to this calculation, the consumption of four pounds of honey would allow the secre- tion of one pound of wax. There are two factors here that need consideration. The bees may gather considerable honey during the first 24 hours, although Mr. Pender thinks those that fly are mostly- in quest of water. Another thing: The bees composing the swarm may have had their wax pockets fairly loaded with wax scales when they swarmed. >^»Fk^u«»'>t» THE LENGTH OF BEES' TONGUES. I have been reading in Gleanings some- thing about the length of bees' tongues. I knew that there was a variation in the length of the tonguei of bees of different strains, but I was surprised to learn that there is so great a variation; indeed, it does not seem possible that there can be so much variation. The editor of Glean- ings says that the shortest tongues are only 13-100 of an .inch in length, while they have a queen now the bees from which have tongnes 21-100 of an inch in length. The nearest approach that they had seen to this were bees from J. P. Moore, having tongues 20-100 of an inch in length. Here is a difference, roughly speaking, of about 1-12 of an inch in the differences of the length of tongues in bees. I can't get over the surprise. It does not seem possible. Why should there be such a variation in the tongues and not in the other parts of their bodies? The editor thinks that by proper selec- tion and care in crossing we may devel- ope a strain of bees having tongues '4 of an inch in length — long enough to reach the bottom of a great many corolla-tubes in red clover. The only practical way in which the mating of queens can be con- THB BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 325 trolled with anj' degree of certainty is by isolation on an island, and the editor of Gleanings proposes to make some such arrangement another summer. THE CAUSE OF "GOBHINESS" IN COMB Dr. Miller, in Stray Straws, in Glean- ings for October 15, calls attention to the experiments of Professor Gillette with comb foundation, and says that if the Professor is correct he can not see how we can avoid the conclusion that, with the best of foundation, there is less "gob" in comb honey than when the comb is built naturally. The editor agrees, say- ing that the Professor's experiments agreed almost exactly with those made two years ago by himself and Mr. Weed; and that he (Mr. Root) advanced the same proposition two jears ago. My dear brethren, you are all right in one respect; that of the thickness of the septum and cell-walls, but as to the char- acter of the naturally built comb and that built of foundation — ^well, you don't pay much attention to that point. It is not entirely a question of quantity of mate- rial, but quality also has a bearing. Comb, after it is melted, becomes wax. It is no longer flaky and brittle; but becomes tough and leathery. It is this quality that causes the gobbiness fully as much as does the quantity of the material. WH.VJ H.\S THE P.\ST SEASON PROFITED vol"? Can you tell ? Have you advanced in the science of the art ? Is your apiary properly equipped and is it in the most convenient location ? Will you be able to handle yonr bees next season more rapidly and with less labor? Can you raise better queens? Have you a good and satisfactory way of intro- ducing them ? Can you produce better honey ? Can you put it on the market in better condition ? Can vou sell it in ? more profitable way ? And this does not mean get a higher price for it, but to get greater -/^/returns. Is your capital suf- ficient for the business you are trying to do? Ask yourself these questions; look over your apiary and its equipment and study well how you may advance. Asa class, we do not have the tools we need for our trade. We make some cheap substitute do when the best is none too good. Often we are "penny wise and pound foolish." We do not have enough spare hives, extra sets of extracting combs, etc. Should feeding suddenly be necessary how many have suitable and sufficient feeders ? The latter was this autumn brought forcibly to the notice of a certain apiarist of New England. If you need new implements do not begrudge the money good ones cost. Do not be afraid that you will help the sup- ply dealer to jget rich rapidly — he has no bonanza. Take some of the coming winter even- ings and think long, deep thoughts. I did not write the foregoing. It was sent to me by Arthur C. Miller of Provi- dence, R. I., who suggested that if I felt it right to publish it I might do so. I most heartily agree with the suggestions of my friend. I doubt if better advice could be given. *^rf^«^ir^^n*^ THE DE-A.TH OF MV FATHER, Reference is made in another place to the death of my father. Perhaps a few works in regard to him may not be out of place. He was born 82 years ago, in St. Lawrence county, New York. In 1850 he married Miss Eliza B. Dyer, of Orleans county. New York, and soon after migra- ted to Genesee county, Mich, where he met and overcame the dilTiculties and obstacles that surround pioneer life. Here were born four boys and one girl, all of which are living. Twenty-two years ago he moved to Tuscola county, this State, where he has since resided. Of late he 326 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. had been growing more feeble as the years went by- Paralytic symptoms were frequently noticed, and finally, about six weeks ago, they reached that stage where he was scarcely able to help himself, when he gradually grew weaker and weaker until he dropped away like one falling asleep. Father was a farmer all of his life; and particularly did he delight in farm-ani- mals. Every animal on the farm was a pet and had a pet name. More than once have I seen a cow come up and begin to lick him on the hand or sleeve. I can remember, soon after we came from York State, our one cow wandered so far into the woods in search of better pastures that she did not reach home until the next day. Did father get a fish-pole and proceed to dress her down ? No sir ! He went into the house and spread a big slice of bread with butter, sprinkled on a thick layer of sugar, and then fed it to the truant. I can lemember yet how she bobbed her head up and down while she was eating it, and how she followed father around afterwards, and kept smel- ling and sniffing to see if she could find another sweet morsel. I could fill pages with reminiscences, but I must close by saying that father was a Christain, a kind husband and father, and an honest up- right man «n«««^ir«ir»jr« FEEDING BEES. Mr. J. E. Crane of Vermont describes and illustrates in Gleanings his methods of feeding bees. His feeders are really the old, tin, pepper box stj'le of feeder on a large scale. He -has two sizes; one holding 9 pounds and the other 6. On the end in which are punched the small holes for the feed to come out, are two short tin legs, and a screw-cap for filling the feeder. To know when the feeder is full when putting in the feed, the feeder is set upon the scales while being filled, and when the scale comes down the feeder is full. Two and one-half barrels of sugar are malted up, one pound of water being add- ed for two oounds of sugar, and when the feeding is to be done at an out-apiary the feed is stored in a large tank holding Soo pounds; the tank being placed on a wag- on. There is an arrangement for sliding this tank to tbe rear of the wagon box when the out-yard is reached, and there is a hone5'-gate for drawing oflF the honey. With this arrangement a man and a boy and a horse can feed Soo pounds in one da)' to a yard of bees many miles from home. To prevent granulat'on, honey is sometimes added to the syrup, and sometimes cider vinegar is used — about one teaspoonful to ten pounds of sugar. The editor of Gleanings advi.ses the use of a thinner syrup. He would use one pound of water to one pound of sugar. He says that no heat or acid is necessary; that the handling of the syrup, .in the stewing of it down to the proper consis- tency, so changes it. or "inverts" the sugar as the chemists say, that there is no granulation. On the other hand, I might mention that Mr. L. A. Aspinwall of this State prefers to feed very thick syrup when it is so late in the season that the bees can not evaporate the s\-rup. I don't know that Mr. Aspinwall recom- mends thick syrup when the feeding is done earl}' enough for the bees to proper- ly evaporate it. A great many have obiected to feeding, or to any plan or system of management that included feeding, the objections be- ing that feeding is such a[mussy disagreea- ble task and likely to start robbing, etc. The trouble with feeding, as it is usually conducted, is the lack of s)'stem and proper implements. With proper uten- sils and the right management, the feed- ing of bees is a neat, clean job; nowhere near as nuissy as the extracting of honey. «n««*«^^«^ir^ SURE METHODS OF INTRODUCING QUEENS. It is a little late in the season to be talking about introducing queens. I fear that what is said will be forgotten before THB BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 327 another season opens; but now that the story is begun it may as well be ended. There is no doubt ol the infallibility of the hatching-brood plan; and when car- ried out according to the instructions giv- en in this issue by friend Baldridge it is robbed of some of its objectionable fea- tures. However, it is quite a little trouble, from first to last, to introduce a queen by this method, and I should not like to go to the trouble myself unless the queen was very valuable — an imported queen or something like that. For the last two years I have been guaranteeing the safe introduction of queens if my instructions were followed. Of course, I might have insisted upon the emploj^ment of the hatching-brood plan, when probably not a queen would have been lost, but I have always felt that it would be imposing too much upon m\' customers. Better lose an ordinary queen occasionallv than go to so much trouble with every queen that is introduced. The first year I advised the caging of the queen against the side of a comb where the bees were hatching. The percentage of lost was not great; perhaps not more than by the ordinarv, eating-out plan, and perhaps not less. The great trouble seemed to be that the bees burrowed under the cage and releas- ed the queen too soon. This year I have recommended the ordinary eating-out plan, with the additional precaution that all brood be removed, ihus leaving the bees hopelessly queen less. The loss by this plan was much le.ss than by caging the queen against the comb, but there were losses. It is not true that hopelessly queenless bees will (//r.in^ accept a queen. Then the tearing up a of a colony, to get away the brood , demoralizes it more or less, and it does not put up much of a fight against robbers — having nothing to defend but a strange queen. Now comes the use of tobacco smoke. There is nothing new in this; but, for some reason, it has never become popu- lar. Why this is so I am unable to deter- mine. I have yet to learn of a loss bv this method. Perhaps that is not so con- culsive, considering that it is so little used. For the last two months I have been rec- ommending this plan to my customers, and, so far, not a loss has been reported. I shall recommend it another year; and then will probably come enough experi- ence to decide the matter. A quick, cer- tain method of introducing queens will mean the saving of a good many dollars to bee-keepers. EXTRACTED. CLIPPING QUEENS. The Best way of Doing it. Shall they be Clipped Before Mailing? Bro. Hill, of the American Bee-Keeper, in a very polite and felicitous manner, takes exceptions to the plan advised by Bro. Root and myself for the clipping of queens, viz., that of simply picking up the queen between the thumb and fore- finger of the left hand, and clipping her with a pair of scissors. His objection is that there is a liability of cutting off a leg; also, that the handling of the queen may cause her to be balled. His plan is as follows: An ordinary pocket knife is the only tool necessary. It should have a razor edge. If the knife is not very share some pressure will be necessary in order to sever the wing; but with a very keen edge its own weight is sufficient to accomplish the work instantlj-, without danger of cutting the finger. • Stand the frame upon which the queen is found, against the side of the hive, or have it otherwise firmly supported in a convenient position; wait until the queen stands or walks willi head upwartl, which slie will soon do ordinarily. Now, with the knife in the right hand, and tlie thumb and index finger of the left liglit- ly pressed together, gently raise the tip of the left wing with point of finger and with a rolling motion, caused by a slight contraction of the thumb and finger, en- 328 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. gage the tip of the wing, and at the same instant cut off about three-sixteenths of an inch of the upper wing thus held. This is accompHshed by simply giving a slight stroke of the knife across the wing against the finger-tip, without pressure. It sometimes occurs that the queen carries her wings separately for a moment. While the novice will recognize this as his chance to catch the wing more easily, and hasten to improve the opportunity, the momentary separation is but the re- sult of some excitement, and unless she is standing still, in a very convenient posi- tion, it is usually better to allow her to adjust her wings to a natural position be- fore beginning the operation. Should both wings be caught when endeavoring to take but one, the right one may be in- stantly relea.sed by rocking the thumb in the opposite direction. Should the queen be moving when wing is caught and the operator has not be- come sufficiently expert to do the clip- ping instantly, the hand should move steadily as does the queen, so that she shall not pull or twist the wing. With a little practice the clipping is ac- complished so easilv andquickh that the queen gives no apparent sign of knowing that she has been touched at all; in fact, only the tipof the wing has been touched, and at the same instant it has been so cleverly removed that she continues with- out interruption toiook for vacant cells in which to deposit eggs. Nothing could well be simpler; even a child, if properly instructed, can clip queens with a knife as well as the experienced bee- keeper. Drones and workers afford ex- cellent practice for the beginner, until he has learned just the proper movement. I have no doubt that, after practicing awhile "on drones and workers," as Bro. Hill suggests, one could clip queens successfully in the manner that he de- scribes. I have never tried exactly the plan that he gives, but to all plans of clipping on the comb I have found the objection that the queen becomes fright- ened the moment she is touched. It is possible that with with sufficient practice this objection can be overcome. I have much confidence in what is recommend- ed by Bro. Hill. Just here another point comes up: Some bee-keepers who are buying queens wish to have them clipped before they are in- troduced. If they are clipped they can not fly away when they are liberated; and there is the satisfaction of knowing that the queen found afterwards in the hive is really the queen that was introduced. In this case the queen can not be clipped up- on the comb; that is, unless she is clipped by the shipper. I see that Gleanings and Dr. Miller are advocating the clip- ping of queens before shipment. I' be- lieve that the Roots now clip all of the queens that they send out. One of the reasons given for this practice is that dis- putes arise regarding the identity of the queen. A tested queen is accused of pro- ducing hybrids. If an examination shows that she has perfect wings, while the queen sent out was clipped, it shows that the tested queen was lost in introducing, and that another queen has hatched and taken her place. It is evident that this practice often affords considerable satis- faction to the shipper. I know that I have often been accused of sending out an inferior, unfertile, or hybrid queen, when the queen that I had sent had been lost in introducing, but there was no way of proving it. The shipper and the men who wi.sh their queens clipped would be satisfied with this plan; but how about the men who don't clip their queens nor wish them clipped ? It seems to me that it is not exactly fair to them. If I did not wish my queen clipped, and had not ordered it it clipped, I should feel quite a little vexed to receive a clipped queen. HONEY VINKGAR. How to Make a First-class Article for Market. All the great industries and nianufac- turies look most carefully after what are called by-products. Look at the number of products that are utilized in the refin- ing of crude petroleum — from vaseline to axle-grease. See how carefuUv every part of an animal is saved in the great slaughter-houses. The horns are made into combs and buttons; the bones into knife-handles, and bone-dust for use as a THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 329 fertilizer; the feet for making glue and neat's foot oil; gelatine conies from the joints near the foot; pepsin from the stomach of hogs. But why continue the list, for as one of Armours agents said last fall at the Illinois fair, the only part of the pig that is lost is his "squeal." Bee-keepers have done something in this line by saving all of the waste bits of coml) and rendering them into wax, but very few, indeed, have done anything towards saving the waste bits of honey. In even the best regulated of apiaries there will be occasional "musses" of hon- ey to be cleaned up; there will be the washing of dishes that have contained honey; there will be honey that can be washed from the cappings when honey is extracted. All these odds and ends sav- ed during the year, and made into vine- gar, and it can be done almost as easily as not to do it, means several dollars. For this reason, and because there is often dark or fall honey that can be sold only at a low price, it would be a profit- able thing for some bee-keepers if they would start a vinegar factory, on a small scale, in connection with their apiary. Just to show you how easilv this may be done, I copy the following from Glean- ings. It was written by Mrs. A. J. Bar- ber, of Colorado. I have had so many inquiries about making vinegar lately, that, being verv busy, I can not answer by letter, so I will write to Gleanings for all. To give short directions, I will say: I'se about one pint of honey to the gal- lon of water ( you will soon be able to tell by the taste when it is sweet enough 1. Put it into a keg or barrel with a good tight head, and leave a hole not larger than one inch for ventilation. Keep it in a warm place and put in sotne good vine- gar or yeast to start it. After it gets to working, draw off a pailful now and then and pour it back; or if you have more than one keg, pour from one to another. It helps new vinegar to put old vinegar into it; but itspoilsthe keeping qualities of the old vinegar to put fr^h vinegar into it. We save all the washings from the ex- tractor, tank, strainers, and cappings, for vinegar. We wash the cappings by pour- ing warm water through them again and again, until about all the honey is out of them. The}- are then rinsed by pouring a pail or two of cold water through, when thev are in fine shape for the wax -ex- tractor. The water is all put into the vinegar barrels. It took us two 3-ears to get really good vinegar from the start in new barrels. Now that we have our old sour barrels and good vinegar to start with we can get good vinegar this season from last year's washings. For the last four 3'ears we have made from four to twelve barrels each year. We have twelve for market this A'ear, and now at the last of July four new ones coming on for next year. We expect to make several more before the season closes. Each barrel should be cleaned every other year. Un- less this is done the "mother" will begin to decay and break up, making the vine- gar flat in taste and muddy in color. The barrels that we started vinegar in this spring had the sweet water put in with the remnant of last year's salable vinegar. Next spring the vinegar in them will be drawn off and put into clean barrels to keep until sold. When we get an order for a barrel of vinegar we draw off again and put into a clean barrel. By this time there is but little "mother" forming, as the vinegar is ripe and will keep indefinitelv. • We have a house specially for our vine- gar. It is a double-wall frame with a ten- inch space between walls, packed with sawdust. The ceiling is covered with several inches of sawdust, and the vine- gar keeps nicely all winter. We put the barrels into the house in Novembe'', and take them out in April. The vinegar is drawn off and put into a clean barrel. The head is then taken out of the one just emptied, and it is well scrubbed w'ith v.'ater and a stiff broom. When clean it is reheaded, and the contents of the next best barrel drawn off and put in- to it. Thus the barrels are cleaned and the vinegar put in shape for market. We have a long low bench or platform for the barrels, where they stand in two rows. The first barrel drawn off is placed at the east end of the south row. That is No. i, as it is the first to be ready to .sell from. The next barrel drawn off being next be.stis placed next to No. i on the row, and is No. 2. So we go on till we get to No. 12. When we sell a few gallons from No. I we draw from No. 2 and replenish it; draw from No. % and fill up No. 2; from No. 4 and fill No. :\, until we have gone through and left the empty place in ^i(^ THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. No. 12. When No. 12 is empty, or nearly so, we fill it with sweetened water again, and it makes No. i for next year. Noth- ing helps so much to make vinegar clear and sparkling and sharp as the working from one barrel to aiiothe'-. It seems to act like kneading on dough. It sounds, to tell of it, like a lot of work; but, really when one has good faucets in all the bar- rels it doesn't take long to run a few pailfulsfrom one to another of the whole lot. I try to get at mine once a month, and oftener when we sell a large quantity. Our neighbors come to get honey vine- gar in preference to cider vinegar at the stores. We have kept some in the stores, but have never had enough to supply them yet. We use all kinds of refuse or waste honey, such as broken combs and dark unfinished sections, and this year we had about 300 pounds of dark strong hon- ey that came from weeds before alfalfa bloom. That will go into the vinegar next year if I don't need it to feed my bees in the spring. I believe the secret of success in the bee-business lies in looking after every part of the business, and saving every thing produced; and what can not be marketed as first-class honey should be turned into first-class vinegar. I have been asked if honey vinegar will keep pickles. I have put up qvtantities of them in the last three years, and have never lost any, but have sold a great many, both of whole and mixed pickles. We are using mixed pickles now that were put up last August, and they are as firm and brittle as they ever were. If the vinegar is old enough, and has been prop- erly handled, it is of the very best quality for pickling or anything else that vinegar is used for. SELLING HONEY IN POOR YEARS. Limiting the Commission man as to Price Sometimes an Advaulage. Considerable has been said of late in the Review in regard to the marketing of honey. As this is the time of the year when most of the honey is sold, such discussion is certainly timely. The point of limiting the commission man as to the price at which the honey is to be sold has been touched upon, and the advice given has been that a producer ought to know his ground pretty well before tak- ing such a step. The following article from Mr. H. D. Rurrell, and published in the American Bee Journal, shows one instance in which this plan proved profit- able; and, better still, it tells the condi- tions, or the reason why it was profitable. A very small crop of honey is reported from nearly all sections this season. Be- ciuse of this fact, it seems to me the pres- ent quotations for honey in the city mar- kets are too low. There has been a sharp advance in prices in most lines of goods in the past 18 months — why should not honey prices advance also ? A little experience of mine has a bear- ing on the matter. Some 1 2 or 15 years ago I was fortunate in securing a good crop of fireweed honey. We lived then near a large tract of land over which a fire ran the year before. In this country fireweed grows, usually profusely, for one season after such a fire. Then there is little of it seen until after another fire, which may not come for several years. In this particular year, bee-keeping neighbors, who lived out of bee-range of this fire-swept tract, got a poor crop, and I had little except fireweed honey. This honey is light in color, and of good flavor, and will pass for clover honey, except with experts. When the comb honey was ready for market, I packed about 500 pounds and went to Chicago. The year before there had been a large crop, and prices had ruled low for those times, and there was still some old hone}- in the commission houses there. I talked with many com- mission men. They thought about 15 cents was the right price for honey — pos- sibly 16 for a fancy article. I knew from various sources the honey crop was light, and decided my honey must sell for more than that. I selected a good house, and told the manager he could have my hon- ey if he would hold it for 20 cents. "Well," he said, "we have room to store it, and can hold it, if you wish, vin- til you order it sold for what it will bring. But there is no use trying; we can't sell it for that price." "All right," I re- plied, "when I want it sold for less I will write you." Three days later a card came saying the honey was sold, and they could use more at the same price; that "buyers thought it an extreme price, but the qual- ity was so fine, and the packing so at- tractive, it sold readil}'." In a short time my comb honey was all sold at 20 cents. THE BEE-KEEPERS* REVIEW. 33t Now, can't a moral, or several morals, be ilrawn from this little story? Tirst, it pays to understaml our businsss, what- ever it is, anil attend to it ourselves, in an intelligent manner. I was richer by a consitlerable sum than would have been the case had I left all to the discretion of the commission man. Take the papers, and keej) posted. All progressive honey- producers know there is not much honey to come fo-ward this season. There is a class, and not a very small one either, who will have good honey at almost anj' price. I have sold honey, a great many tons of it, as well as other {)roduce, through commission men for over 25 years. I have frequently interviewed them, and I think I understand them pretty well. I am glad to be able to say the}- are most of them very fine men, and my dealings with them have almost always been very satisfactory. But they are between two fires — shippers and buvers. They have friends, often heavy buyers, whom they are anxious to please and hold, and it is not strange that they will often do so at the expense of shippers. Put it out of their power to do this with yotcr honey this year by limiting the pricr. If not in too much of a hurry to sell, you can get a good price for all there is to sell. Of course, this plan will not work so well in flush years. I now produce only extracted honey, and have a good home market for most of it. If I had comb honey this year, and wanted to sell it through commission houses in Chicago, or any other cit}-, I would induce honey-producing friends to pool their interests with mine, put up the honey in attractive shape, go to the market and explain the situation to a half dozen or more good houses in the selling district, and fix the selling price at a fair figure, considering the probable supply and demand. Selling honey in many places at the same price, buyers would soon learn that they nmst pay a good price for honey if they got it, and would pay it just as readily as a low one. WH.AT'S THE TIME? A booklet with this title, just published by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway, should not only be in the hands of every traveler, but should have a place on the desk of every banker, merchant or other business man. The four "Time Standards" which gov- ern our entire time system and which are more or less familiar to most of the traveling public, but by many others lit- tle understood, are so fully explained and illustrated by a series of charts, dia- grams and tables that any one who chooses can become conversant with the subject ill question. There are also some twenty- four tables l)y which almost at a glance, the time at any place being given, the hour andjlay can be ascertained in all the principal cities of the world. A copy of this pamphlet may be had on application to Geo. II. Heafford, Gen- eral Passenger Agent, Chicago, enclosing two-cent stamp to pay postage. Honey Quotations.. The following rales for grading honey were adopi^ed by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its WaHhington nieeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rales. Fancy. — All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb ansoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise : all the colls sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs nn- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unHea'ed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified accfirdingto color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," No. 1,. dark." etc. The prices given in the following quotations are those at which the dealers sell to the gro- cers. From these prices must be deducted freight, cartage and commission — the balance being sent to the shipper. Commis.sion is ten percent.; except that a few dealers charge only five per cent, when a shipn.ent sells for as much as one hundred dollars. NEW YORK -Receipt of comb honey are very light. There is a good demand for all grades and we quote as follows: Fancy white, 1.5 to 16; No. 1 .\niber, i,, to 14'..; Amber, 9'_, to 11; Buckwheat, unglassed, lo; Buckwheat, glassed or cartons, 1 1: White extracted, in barrels, 7 to 7'..; I.,ight amber ext.. in barrels, 6's to 7; Buckwheat ext., in kegs, sU to6. Beeswax in good demand at 28 cents per lb. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT & CO. Sept iS. W. Broadway Franklin & Varick Sts. NF;w YORK —Comb honey, of all kinds and grades, is in very good demand, autl we expect prices to hold firm. Kxtracted in belter demand than during the past three months, but there is enough supply to meet demand. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15 to 16; No. i while 14 to 15; fancy amber, i,^; No. i amber 12; fancy dark, 11; No. '1 dark, 10; white, extracted, 7J4 to S; amber, 7; dark, ^U to 6; beeswax, 27. HILURETH & SEGEt,KEN, Oct. 3. lao West Broadway, New York. 3i2 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. CHICAGO— Honey is selling slowly at present at the following prices: Fancy white, i6; No. i white, 14 to 15; fancy amber, 12 to 13; No. 1 amber, ii; fancy dark, 9 to 10; No. I dark, 8; white, extractecf, 7 J^i to 8; amber, 7: dark, 5 to 6^; beeswax, 2S. Oct. 2. R. A. BURNETT & Co., 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. CHICAGO— From this time forward we will have a large demand for comb and e.-vtracted honey. Prices at the present time are as fol- lows: Fancy white, 15; No. i white, 14; amber, 12 to 13; dark, 10 to 11; extracted, as to color and package, 6 to 9; beeswa.t, 28. We are cash buy- ers, or will handle on consignment. Always willing to follow instructions. S. T. FISH &CO., Sept. 7. 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills. KANSAS CITY —Market is ffrm, and move- ments brisk at the following prices: Fancy white, 15; No. I white, 14; fancy amber, 13; No. i am- ber, 12; white extracted, 8; amber, '7; dark, 6J4; beeswax, 30. W. R. CROMWELI, FRUIT & CIDER CO., Successors to C. C. CI^EMONS CO., Oct. 4. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. BUFFAIvO -I^ightest receipts for many sea- sons, up to this time, indicating high values. Demand is excellent, as quoted. Fancy white, 16 to 17; No. I white 15 to 16; fancy amber, 13; to 14; No. I amber, 12 to 12',; fancy dark, 11 to 12; No. I dark, 10 to igJa; white, extracted, s'a to Sy^- Beeswax, 28 to 33. BATTERSON & CO. Oct. 2. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y. WANTED-HONEY would like to hear 11 — .„,„,,,i»___ — , from parties hav- ing honey to offer. Wanted Extracted Clover and Basswood, such as suitable for bottling trade; also Fancy White Comb-Honey in no-drip shipping cases. I PAY PROMPTLY ON DELIVERY, and refer you to the A.I. Root Co , or The Brighton Gernian Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio. c. H. w. w£;ber, Z146 Central Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio. THE A. /. ROOT CO., JO VINE ST.. PHILADELPHIA. PA BEE - SUR PLIES, Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doints. We want to save you freight. — If yon wish the beet, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he wonld be pleased to send descriptive circulars or 1.0 correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing aacb a machine. f^Here we are to the Front for igoo with the new Champion Chaff - Hive, a comfortable home for the bees in summer and winter. We al- so carry a complete line of other supplies. Catalog free. R. H. SCHMIDT & CO. , 9-99-tf. Sheboygan, Wis, Plea!>p fpntinn Ihe Heuicuu. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. Coetellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson. Flint, Mich. FOR SALE. Apiary of 40 colonies o f Golden Italia ns, in lo-frame Doolittle ■■■~~"'^"^~^~~~""~"~"~' hives, together with fixtures. Everything up to date. Also beautiful buildings, consisting of 8-rooni, 2-story dwelling, barn and other out- buildings. Peach and pear trees, grapes, etc., in bearing. No disease. Healthy climate Mild winters. No better locality to be had than this to those who desire to embark in the bee busi- ness. Average yield of surplus honey, 50 pounds to the colony. Photographs sent to those inter- ested. J. W. MINER, Ronda,N.C. MY GOLDEN AND LEATHER - COLORED Italian Queens Are bred for business and beauty. I furnish queens to the leading queen breeders of the U. S., and have testimonials from satisfied customers in the U. S. and foreign lands. Give me a share of your orders — they will be filled promptly. Tested queens, before June ist, S:-5o each. After June ist, tested queens, either strain, Ji. 00 each; untested, 75 cts. each. One-frame nucleus with queen, J1.50; two-frame, 52.50; three-frame, $3.25. 4-00-tf J. W. MINER, Ronda, N. C. Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers are looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your na:ne on a postal card, will bring you prices of qneetis, bees, nuclei, bee supplies, and a catalogue giving full particulars, with a full treatise, on how to rear queens, and bee-keeping for profit, and a sample copy of "The Southland Queen," the only bee paper published in the South. All free for the asking. 3-99-tf THEjnNNIB ATCHI^UYCO., Beeville, Bee Co, Texas, THE BEB-KEEPERS' REVIEW 333 A B C OF BEE CULTURE- i 900 Eer. While the book is, in the true sense, an A B C of bee culture, in that it is adapted to the require- ments of beginners, it is also a comprehensive X Y 7. of the subject; for no veteran, no matter how extensive his experience, can afford to be without a work of this kind, containing av> it does a care- fully prepared dissertation on every late method or practice known to the business. All the bee-liter- ature of past ages, all the current literature of this and every other country, has beeti carefuUj- sinned; and whatever there is that is new and valuable has been incorporated in this work. Hi^b-Clevss EOtorevvin^s. The most expensive half-tone engravings, taken direct in the majority of cases from fine clear photos, adorn its pages. Besides 50 full-page ilhistrations there are something like 500 smaller ones, fully setting forth the exact MODfs operandi of every method. We are confident that this work will save anyone who keeps even a few bees, ten times its cost in a single year. While the book has been enlarged, and hundreds of pages have been rewritten and revised, the price will be the same as before: 51.20 post paid, or Ji.oo by express or freight with other goods; or when sent with our journal, <'.leanin<;s in Bee Cultire, which is a constant apdendix to the A B C hook, a journal beautifully printed and illustrated, 42 pages, for the very low price of ji.y.s for the two. For quantity of up-to-date bee-literature there is nothing else offered at this low price. The new edition will V>e ready for delivery about Nov. 15. Send your orders at once to get a copy of the first lot from the bindery. Orders filled in rotation. Orders m,ay he sent to the undersigned, or to any dealer in bee-keepers' supplies. Tbe A. Root Co., A\cclipa-, Obio. 334 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED BirminghamSteelStrings _,^^ lor Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, Banjo J^X^ Finest Made. Extra Plated. ntABl MAf Warranted not to rust. Send for Catlg JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811. 8i:3, 815, 817 E. 9th St.. N. Y. Please mention the Review. —If you are going to— BUY A BtIZZ-SA\S^, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new BarnoB saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Queens, Nuclti and Colonies. Best of Honey Gatherers. ■Special prices to introduce during July, August and September. Untested queens, 50 els each; $5.50 per dozen. Tested, $1.00 each. Nviclei, add 50 cts per frame to price of queens. Write your wants. Satisfaction guaranteed. S. p. CUL.LEY, Higiosville, t\o. Queens. \V. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, ■where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded' Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, $2.50 each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, |i. 00; 6 for $5.00. Untested, 75 cts.; 6 for |;4.oo. W. H. I,aws, Round Rock, Texas. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Our Fall Specialties Are your Fall Necessities- SHIPPING CASES, FIVE GALLON CANS, DANZ CAR- TONS, AND CASH OR TRADE FOR BEESWAX-^. Send for Catalog. M H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Mich- J^xhihition Hives. I shall probably make no more exhibitions of bees and honey at fairs- I have too many other irons in the fire. I have about a dozen nucleus exhibition hives that I would sell for 50 cents each. They are nicely made, with glass in one side and wire cloth on the other. Six of them are painted a bright vermillion and the others a bright blue. They are of the right size for tak- ing one I^angstroth frame. They cost $i.co each to make them. I also have about 100 of the old-style Heddon super, of the right size to use on an 8-frame, dovetailed hive. This is the best super there is if no seperators are used. They cost 20 cents each to make them when lumber was cheap. They are well painted and just as good as new, but I would sell them at 15 cents each. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Micb. Have it Doqe at the Review. Bee - Supplies. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's honey jars. Prompt service. Low freight. Catalog free. Walter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana. Only exclusive bee-supply house in laid. YOU CAN MAKE MONEY R API DL.Y IN THE BELGIAN HARE BUSI NESS ... IV \ov . . . START RIGHT and MANAGE RIGHT. " The first step is to secure the Bkst PKniGREEn Stock. Ihis you can get at a reasonable price from the Flint BelEiau Hare Association Ltd. F-LilNT ^ MilOIi. Write for Circular and Price List and other Belgian Hare information THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 335 ODOS and ENDS I am about to move to my new house, whicli is on a small lot with streets on three sides of it, and I shall be compelled to give up the keeping of bees. I have a few odds and ends that I would like to dispose of. I have a two basket, second-hand, I'erris wax extractor that cost S7.00 when new. I will sell it for 53-50. I have a new Terris. single-basket wax extractor, list price 1,^.50, would sell for <2.50. I have a new, Doolittle, .solar wax extractor, list price 53.60, would sell it for 52-,=;o. I have ten dozen, i-pound, .sqiiarc, flint glass, Muth jars with corks, worth 50 cents a dozen, new, would sell at 30 cents a dozen. There are four dozen of the same kind of jars, only they hold two pounds instead of one, and cost 62 cents a dozen when new; I would sell them at 45 cents a dozen. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint . - - . Mich. W W M ^/A*' t' '^ * ,*\.A.,/\.x%..*^ 19 This is the orij^iiial one-piece section-man wlio furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, $1.88; 1,000 for $3.25; 3,000 for J8.90; 5,000 for $13.00; 10,000 for J22.60. No. 2 sections are not made to order, but when in stock are sold at 1 1. 80 per M. /. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. 4% 4 ♦ i '# ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ I > ♦ ♦ ♦ h Listen ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies j of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest ever made; and he sells it at prices that defy covipetition! Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered here. Millions of Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies Send for catalog-tie and be your own judge. AUG. WJ5/SS, Hortonville, Wisconsin. If the Is mentioned when answering an advertisement in its columns a favor is conferred upon both the publishei and the advertis- er. It helps the former by rais- ing his journal in the estima- tion of the advertiser: and it en- ables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profitable. If you would help the Review, be sure and say " I saw your advertisement in the Review," when writing to advertisers. j^'^/L"/'"VV''/'v "♦♦♦♦♦♦♦■'♦*♦♦♦♦ V VW^/'^#V^ 336 THE BEE-KEEPFRS' REVIEW AV^rjy Irr)proven)eot5 Tbis Yeeir. We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies. The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate- rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly' polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now% sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be worked by the foot. Tb^ Hecldoo Hive. Another valuable adjunct to our manu- facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not hesitate to say that it is the best all round hive ever put upon the market; and we are pleased to state that we have made arrangements with_]\Ir. Heddon to the end that we can supply these hives; and the right to use them goes with the hives. Honey Extractors. Our Honey Extractors are highly orna- mental, better manufactured; and, while the castings aie lighter, they are more durable than heretofore, as they are made of superior material. Tb^ Prosir^jjiv^ B^e-K^^P^r. Last but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is much improved, being brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers ni our land; and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price, onlv 50 cts. per year. Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres- sive Bee-Keeper. Address Higginsville, t\o.. Ezk.5t St. Louis, Ills. Oro2kb»f n?l>rzisK2^' LEAHY A\f5. VT 2 ^ ^ V) _. O -. ^ VJ I "It 5' VQ 3 m •3 o (/) I c H X > o o Dittroer's Fourjdeitioo At WboI^52kIc Zkn^ miles west of Woodside "Del. R. R.," and six miles from Mason and Dixon line. It is 144 feet long, and 72 feet wide, and faces southeast. On the southwest there is a hedge for a wind- break; and on the west, northwest, and north, a light board fence three feet high. The fence is utilized as a trellis for grapes. You will notice in the picture that four rows of hives face the southeast, and one row the northwest, and I will say here that I do not notice any particular differ- ence in the way they face — that one colo- ny does equally as well as the other. When I first started I had some difficul- ty with the weeds and grass. I first tried sawdust to keep them down. It was too wet in a wet time and too dry in a dry time; and it blew into the hives. Then I tried sand ; which was equally as bad in another direction, as the rain would dash sand up against the sides of the hives, and I would have them to clean after a shower. Finding that neither sawdust nor sand would answer, I removed saw- dust, sand, and weeds, aud do not allow anything to grow, excepting apple trees, (which are two years old) and rose bush- es; which are mostly hidden in the pic- ture by the hives. The building in the distance is the honey house of galvanized iron. Whera my little grandaughter sits is the workshop where I make my mis- takes. There are 80, eight-frame Dovetailed hives. The alighting boards are movable, and are painted, alternately, red, white, blue and yellow. I think this is an ad- vantage; as it enables the young queens to find their home. I work principally for comb honey; practice contraction of the brood-nest; and g'^t the honey from the swarm. Shallow brood- chambers won't answer here; as the bees put too much pollen in the sections. We have both a spring and a fall-flow of honey, and remove the su- pers with bee-escapes; which I leave on until the next spring. There are winter- cases lined with paper which fit the bot- tom boards, and where the cases are put on the hives in th^ fall a cork mat is used on the bee-escape, which is already on the hive. The shade-boards seen on the hives are the covers for the winter cases. I prefer natural swarming; believe in clipping queens; and all that I have done 342 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. in the bee-business I have copied from others, excepting one thing. I have four wire cages which will sit over a hive, and when I have swarms enough in the air at a time, and more issue, I slip the cages over the hives. If I have a nucleus not strong enough to defend itself, I slip on the cage. If I have a hive the bees are trying to rob I put it over the hive. They can still see the hive but they soon get tired of butting against the wire. There are several advantages of having a clean surface in the yard: first, there is no grass for the clipped queens to hide in; second, the ants do not bother, as scraping and keeping the ground clean interfere with their hiding plac.s. You will observe a fountain in the center of the picture. I find it a great advantage to have water handy for the bees as well as one's self. Directly be- hind the fountain you will also notice a CannaLilyin full bloom, the blossoms appearing above the top of the fountain. Criticism of this apiary is wanted. Wiixow Grove, Del. Sept. 24, 1900. MOWCAN WE SECURE MORE THOROUGH AND UNIFORM EXPERIMENTS? BY A. C. MILLER. I think all bee-keepers will agree that at present we lack the means for secur- ing thorough and accurate information concerning many of the problems of api- culture. Experiments along any partic- ular line may be conducted by quite a number of persons, and yet for want of uniformity of procedure, of repetition during several successive seasons, and of uniform reports, they lose a great deal of their value. As there are no apicultural experiment stations to which we can submit problems for trial, can we not find among the bee- keepers of North America enough en- thusiasts who will, for the love of the science, devote some united effort to the securing of accurate statistics ? Not that material and use of colonies shall be giv- en entirely without recompense, as that is rather too much to ask, but can we not devise some system whereby these ex- penses can be met ? I would make these suggestions and ask for comments and criticism, and then perhaps we may hit upon some feasible plan: Let the editors of our leading bee- papers name, say, three bee-keepers as a managing committee. To them shall be sent all suggestions for experiments. From those persons who volunteer to con- duct the experiments they shall select such a number as they dtem sufficient, and in making such selection endeavor to get them as widely distributed as possible. From subjects offered for experiment or from ideas of their own, they shall select those deemed most urgent and important, and then apportion them among those persons whom they think best located or adapted to make the trials. They shall specify all the details and conditions un- der which the experiments are to be con- ducted so that all may work in unison. They shall furnish blanks for the reports. The expenses would be these: Station- er}', printing, postage, use of colonies (except where experiment yielded honey returns), and in some cases perhaps spec- ial supplies. The value of use of colo- nies might be somewhat difficult to de- termine, but probably could be mutually agreed upon. Now how may these expenses be met? Would the publishers of the bee papers unite in defraying them for the sake of having the reports to publish, or would it be better for all bee-keepers who desire them, to subscribe enough to cover all expenses, including a copyright? That the reports of experiments thus conducted would be of much value to all bee-keepers, there can hardly be a ques- tion, and pending the establishment by the government of experiment stations, either in connection with the present agricultural colleges, or separately, it seems to me that the foregoiug or some THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 343 similar niethoil would be a great step in advance. Even after government sta- tions are in operation it would be a help to continue this system as a check upon and supplement to the others. rRoviDKN'CH, R. I., November 2, 1900. ATERAL COMMUNICATION IN SUPI-RS CAUSES A BET- y_yj TER FIIXIXG OF THE SEC- TIONS. BY LOUIS SCHOLL. It seems, judging from the various ar- ticles that have appeared in the different bee-journals, that many do not know ?c'/((7/ causes the better filling of sections; and while some of the great lights give certain reasons, there are others, again, that are oposed to them; and some that even trot out their proof, resulting from experiments made with the different kinds. There are several who have done some- thing in this line, but time and space pre- vent me from mentioning all. Mr. F. L. Thompson is one who has said much on this suljject, and has also tested the worth of different kinds of sep- arators and super arrangements, but he has never given any. real cause of better filled sections. In the Review of Jannary 1899, Mr. Daggitt has an article, in regard to fences and other perforated or open separators, in which he says he has never looked favorably on such separators; and that the whole matter seemed to him like this: If separators with openings through them were better than closed separators, then wire cloth separators would be still better, for they would give more free communication between the combs, and no separators at all would be best of all, for there would then be no obstructions between the combs. He referred to the Betsinger super with wire cloth separa- tors and lull plain sections; and that he has secured comb honey, both with and without separators, but never noticed that the comb was any better attached to the wood of the sections when secured one way or the other. In conclusion he says that it is to be hoped that we will be able to arrive at the truth of these things in the near fu- ture. In an editorial of the same number, you say: "Some of us have thought that the better filling of the sections secured by the use of the plain sections and fence separators was the result of the more free communication afforded by the openings in the separators;" and referring to Mr. Daggitt's article, you quote, "if better filled sections are the result of more free communication, then the laying aside of separators entirely, ought to result in the best filled sections, but does it? "No: it doesn't." Now I must say right here that I think I am right in changing that answer to, "JV'5.- it does.''' — provided the sections are used without separators in the right way. I honestly believe that free communi- cation in and throughout the section-su- per has more to do with the solid filling of the sections; but it must be of the right kind. Again, in the Extracted Department of the April number of the Review, under the heading of "Supply-dealing editors; also something about plain sections;" you say, among other things, regarding this matter, that you are willing to admit, and have admitted, your belief that the use of plain sections and fence-separators leads to a more perfect filling of the sec- tions, and think that any one who is not prejudiced will admit this upon seeing a crop of honey thus produced; but think there ought to be some further attempt to discover exactly what it is that causes the more perfect filling. After comparing sections whose side edges extend out and meet the separator, with the plain sections, where the cleats of the fence extend out and meet the plain section edge, one being exactly like the other, there is no difference, and it 344 THB BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. seems as though the more free communi- cation afforded by the open separator was the only point left. But then there is Mr. Daggitt's opposi- tion, that sections filled without the use of separators were no better filled, if as well, as those where separators were used. Now right then and there, when you said: — "In this connection it would be well to remember that with old style sec- tions and no separators there is no lateral communication;" you have struck right on the truth of the whole matter, and by giving the experience of Mr. Byron Case, with the Betsinger case, you also give the very proof of it all. In this case the separators are fixed; fastened solidlj' in the case. The section's are of the plain style and are held exact- ly bee-space from the separators — thumb- screw pressure keeping them in place. He says that the bees fill these sections solidly, exactly as they would a brood frame. So, as I said before, if you arrange your sections right, placing them in the supers, the rows spaced the right distance apart, thus providing free communication all through the super, and in every direction, and especially right around the edges of the sections, all around, where it is the most importa>it feature in securing the very best filled boxes of comb honey, you will have well filled sections. Is not every row of sections just like a brood- frame with cross-sticks in the frame, when used without separators ? This, however, is not the case with the old style sections, with which some have tried their experiments, on account of no lateral communication — the main and most important feature wat miss- ing. There being objections to the non-use of separators, and as such are indispensi- ble to a great many, and most necessary in securing straight combs, separators have been devised to carry out these points of free communication just where needed; viz.; all around the edges of the sections where it is. the most important. I find that Mr. Aspinwall was the first to use such a separator with upright slots across the separator next to the edges of the sections, these being spaced from the separator by means of spacing buttons on the edge of the separator. Also the Hyde-Scholl separators were gotten out for the same purpose, besides giving free communication through the separator, by slots lengthwise, like those of the fence. Such separators are more expensive to make than others, but they accomplish that for which they were intended. HuNTKR, Texas, March 22, 1900. HUNK HONEY OF THE SOUTH. IT GETS SOME HARD KNOCKS BY E. T. FLANAGAN. Are we to go back to the methods of our forefathers ? Were the movable frame, the extractor and comb founda- tion, invented only to enable us the more easily to obtain "broken comb," alias, "chunk honey?" Shades of Lang- stroth, Ouinby, and Grimm, defend us! ! Yet, from the tenor of the editorials of one of our bee papers, and the articles in some of our otherwise progressive jour- nals, such seems to be the fact. Especi- ally has Friend H. H. Hyde, of Hutto, Texas, taken up the matter, and seems to be pushing it for all it is worth. Let me quote from an article in the February, 1900, Progressive Bee Keeper. "The honey is cut out and placed in cans hold- ing from 6 to 60 pounds. When full, ex- tracted honey is poured in to fill all holes, and to finish up the weight; and, being left floating in e.Ktracted honey, it can be shipped with as little loss as extracted honey. In the South where this kind of honey is known, the demand exceeds the supply." Is this true? If so, how can you prove it ? "The sales of this honey have also reached Oklahoma, and Indian Territory, and are fast approaching Kan- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 345 sas City and St Louis, Mo." Is this pos- sible ? If I have time I may say a word about one of those sales made in St. Louis. "One of the principal merits of the production of this kind of honey is the fact that at least from one-half more to as tnuch again honey can be produced than with sections." Isthis a/act/ If so, it is important, zrry iinportanl. We have heard something like this claimed in regard to the production of extracted above comb honey, but hardly in regard to comb. A little light here would be very acceptable. The only drawbacks that friend Hyde knows of are that the honey will candy in cool weather, and that you will have to educate people up to using it. The latter easel guess will be like that of the old darkey who taught his horse to live without eating, but just when he had accomplished it, the horse died. I cannot conceive how a wide awake, progressive bee-keeper could advise or adopt such a primitive method. Punch's advice to those contemplating matrimony, would apply here — "(/(;//'/'." Friend Hyde seems to think that there should be fine section honey for the wealthy, and "chunk" honey for the masses. ^laybe so; but what is the mat- ter with good, pure, well-ripened, ex- tracted honey ? Can any one under the canopy of heaven tell us what pieces of broken comb add, either in appearance or in flavor, to extracted honey? That is all the advantage that "chunk" honey has over extracted, if it be any advantage at all. Perhaps friend Hyde may say that you can take the comb honej- out of the can without breaking it all to pieces. Can ive f If any one thinks so, let him try an experiment along this line. Take a vessel as deep and as wide as an ordi- nary b-gallon can used for shipping ex- tracted honey, fill it -3 full of choice comb honey, cover it with good, thick, ex- tracted honey of the .same quality, and in a few days try with knife, spoon, ladle or paddle, to di.sh it out to a customer, (as the retailer has to do 1 and note if that fine, fragile comb is not broken into hun- dreds of small pieces, it being impossible to remove it from the can (a deep nar- row one) without so crushing it. In what respect is it now better than good, clear, pure, well-ripened extracted honey ? Is it not, if anything, inferior; especially so far as regards appearance ? Now con- tinue the experiment a little further. Wait a few weeks until this mess of broken comb and extracted honey has granulated. Has that improved it ? Try it and see, and be convinced. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. Possibly, after a long siege of "hard tack," and "sowbelly," or "corn dodger and black coffee," and the total absence of fruit and vegetables, one could relish such a mess, and could give it such a recommendation as the following from one of our leading lights in apiculture; "One of the nicest sweets in the world, to our palate, is candied, bulk, c/iiiiik, comb honey. It is good, and will make a sweet chew of wax and a slice of it with bread is good enough for a king, or queen. ' Putting aside mere personal taste, and neat and attractive appearance, the ques- tion comes up, is it a profitable method of harvesting and marketing an otherwise No. I article of honey ? Friend Hyde says it is, and that the demand exceeds the supply; and at a good paying price I presume. I contend that it is uof, and that it is more profitable to keep our product in two distinct classes, viz., comb hone}' in sections, and extracted, by it- self. Grant, however, that friend Hyde is correct, and that there is a greater de- mand than supply for such mixed stuff, that of itself is a proof, to me, that if a good honey, put up in first-class style, both comb and extracted, were offered to the same parties, nmch larger sales could be made and at increased prices. S jme years ago, having sold all m}' own crop of comb honey. I went to St. Louis to get a supply. At one of the largest coinmi.ssion houses in the city, where I frequently dealt, I inquired if they had any comb honey on hand. "Yes, a very M6 THE BBE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. fine article; come and take a look at it." I did, and found over loo cases containing 1 20 pounds to the case. I supposed the one showing me the honey had made a mistake, for I thought the cases contained extracted honey, but I found the 120- pound cases filled with as fine comb hon- ey as I ever saw, but in 60-pound cans. I asked the price, and was more than sur- prised to find it only 6 cents a pound, when I had come prepared to pay from 12^ to 14 cents for good section honey. I asked them to remove a portion that I might examine it more closely, but it was impossible to .do so without breaking and tearing it all to pieces. Of course I did not buy a pound of that honey for I could not use it. I could not sell it to my cus- tomers for as much as clear extracted honey. Now, that was A, No. i, comb honey, originally, and it would have brought 15 cents per pound at wholesale, readily, had it been in sections. I was there to give that much for as much of it as I needed, but I would not give the five cents per pound that they sui'sequent- ly offered it to me for, and I believe they sold it later for 4)^ cents per pound. How much the poor fellow netted on that fine lot of "'chunk" honey I leave you to figure out; I only know I was sorry for him, and glad I was not in his place. This lot of honey came, so I was infor- med, from Uvalde Co., Texas, but I could not learn from whom. The quality of the honey was .such that it greatly influenced me to afterwards move two car loads of my bees to Uvalde Co. , Texas. When I came back from moving the first car of bees out there I brought back a case of "chunk" honey, alias, Uvalde sections, alias, broken comb. Soon after my re- turn I met an old customer of over 20 years standing to whom I usually sold about 100 pounds of extracted honey and nearly as much comb each year for his own use. He asked me if I had some good honey, as he was out and need- ed some. I showed him a can of I\-alde sections of "chunk" honey, and he sam- pled it, aud was pleased with it, and or- dered it sent to his place. That was a costly sale for me, for not one dollar's worth of honey has he bought of me since; and that was more than three years ago. Recently I asked him if he did not want more honey, but he remarked that they had quit eating honey at his house; and I feel sure that mixed mess did it. There is something more or less inter- esting and exciting in tackling a big bee- tree on a frosty morning, in the fall, at just the right time to secure the greatest amount of the golden store hidden away in it by the bees; and when the tree falls, and the precious store is laid bare by the quick, fikillful strokes of the ax, how de- lightful it is to pick and nibble the choice morsels and fragments as we remove the great white flakes of comb, and the brown and darker ones, until the tubs and buck- ets are filled to overflowing; but, friends, do we want to go back to this method of harvesting our sweets? I assure you, that, to me, the honey from wild bee-trees is more attractive and appetizing than this mixture of comb and extracted honey, candied, that some are trj'ing to boom. That the use of "chunk honey" as a pio- neer to form the habit of more freely us- ing honey, ma}- have its da)' and mission is possible, but not probable, or else I greatly mistake the spirit of the times. BELLEVILI^E, Ills., Mar. i, 1900. EDITORIAL ftcrings. C. p. Dadant is wsiting, for the Amer- ican Bee Journal, some very interesting notes of his recent travels in Europe. ^ "u* itP*^'*^^^ H. P. Miner, of Wisconsin, writes that the September Review made him say that two men could chaff 50 colonies in two days, when it ought to have said in two horns. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 347 Tiiic American Bicr-Khepek gives, as a frontispiece to its November issue, a most excellent, full-page, portrait of one of Canada's best bee-keepers — Mr. J. 15. Hall, of Woodstock. **«» »**»*»*» The SAxnwicH I.si.ands as a bee-coun- try is something that I know nothing about, but a subscriber would like to have some information on the subject — he thinks that he would rather live there than in Cuba. Can any one tell us any- thing abont the Sandwich Islands from an apicultural standpoint? *ieen caught, I think none of us will need to cover up our ears. Nothing will quicker change the mood, and disposition, and intention of a colony, cause it to turn its energies into a different channel, than the neglect to furnish it surplus room •when it is needed. The disposition to store honey is laid aside for that of swarming. A colony Arith the swarming fever will do little work until that fever is abated. If a colony first turns its en- ergies in the direction of storing up sur- plus, it will often continue on in this way the entire season with no thoughts of swarming. And, speaking of swarming, reminds me, that the neglect to clip off just one little eighth of an inch from her majesty's wing sometimes results in the bee-keeper striking a dejected attitude, as he gazes sorrowfully over the tree tops where he sees d'sappearing, as little specks in the sky, the last, few straggling mem- bers of the rear guard of a prime swarm that would have stored 50, perhaps 75 pounds, of honey for its owner had he not neglected to clip off that little one- eighth of an inch. When it comes to the extracting of hon- ey there is one point that I wish to men- tion, although it may be more a mistake than a case of neglect: it is that of extract- ing the honey before it is ripe. Of course, it is possible to artificially evaporate thin honey, but with this evaporation goes a portion of the fine aroma. Not only this, but the evaporation of honey does not ripen it. The bees in their handling of the nectar invert or change the cane sugar 10 grape sugar. They change the raw nectar into ripen- ed honey. If we take it away from them before this change is completed, it lacks that much of perfect ripeness. It lacks the tang that tickles our palates. Thin, unripe, watery honey ferments, and sours, and bursts tin cans and barrels, and dis- gusts and disappoints every one who has anything to do with it. Nothing has done more to destroy the market for honey than the placing upon it of unripe honey. Little neglects in preparing the honey for market are very expensive. The neg- lect to scrape the propolis from the sec- tions, the neglect to use non-drip cases, the neglect to put the cases into a larger case or crate when small shipments are made, may mean the loss of two or three cents a oound. Sections daubed with THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 355 propolis, honey drippinij from one case and daubing the one below it, coal dust and cinders rubbed u])on the daubed cases, greatly lower the price and retard sales. Before the days of no-drip cases and outside crates I went so far as to wrap a paper around each case before ship- ment, that the cases might be clean when they reached their destination. Men who make exhibits at fairs often lose premiums that they might have cap- tured had they not neglected to tastefully label their packages. It is a little thing, but it adds the finishing touch. Then there are the little things, like: "Where do you keep your smoker and fuel?" The neglect to provide a proper place for them may mean a costly fire. I once kept my smoker and fuel in an old wash-boiler. Once upon a time when I re- moved the cover, the flamis burst out. Suppose the boiler had been a wooden box kept in a building, and the fire had not been discovered while still confined to the box ? I now keep my smoker and fuel in a large box, with a hinged cover, out in the yard. The matter of saving wax ought not to be neglected. It is a good deal like sav- ing paper rags, just about as easy to save the odds and ends as to throw them away. A solar wax extractor is a nice thing for this purpose. Keep it standing in the yard, and when there is a bit of waste comb toss it into the extrac- tor. One year when I did a large job of transferring I threw all of the odds and ends into a barrel, and pounded them down hard with the end of a large stick. Then the matter of rendering was neglect- ed until that barrel two-thirds lull of pounded down comb was one mass of webs and wriggling worms. But why multiply examples? We all know that the profits of an apiary can be entirely wasted or destroyed by little neg- lects. What is the cause of this neglect ? In some cases it is simply a combination of indolence, procrastination, and a sort of belief that things will come out all right of themselves. Then there is the neglect that comes from having loo many irons in the fire. If you have so much business that you can only half attend to it, that something must be neglected, two courses are open: hire some one to help you, or else dispose of part of your busi- ness. There is mose pleasure and more profit, in a small business well managed than in a large business that must be neglected. Some men are so constituted that they can not em- ploy help to advantage. They have done all of their work so long that they feel no one else can do it properly. It would put them all in fidgets to see some one else cleaning their sections, or uncapping combs for the extractor. Other men have learned that it is much more profit- able for them to oversee and plan the work, leaving the carrying out of the de- tails to competent help. You know your- self, or ought to, so choose the course to which you are adapted, but don't keep on conducting your business in such a man- ner that you are compelled to neglect it. Be thorough, up-to-date, progressive, and energetic, but don't lose haif you'- profits as the result of little neglects. EXTRACTED. ADVERTISING HONEY. An Easy, Excellent way of Doing it most Effectiiailv. So-called breakfast foods, such as roll- ed oats, wheat foods, grape nuts, and the like, are now very popular. As a rule, they are eaten with a sprinkling of sugar; the general public knowing notliing of the superiority of honey for this purpose. Xo better scheme has been devised for bringing honey to the notice of these people, than that suggested in Gleanings by Mr. Wm. Hahman. He says: — While at breakfast this morning it oc- curred to me that the bee-keepers of this country could do a good thing for the 356 THE BEE-K:EEPERS' REVIEW. fraternity, not as bee-keepers but as in- dividuals, by calling the attention of the manufacturers of cereal products such as rolled oats, wheat foods, grape nuts and the like, to the fact that these prepara- tions can be eaten sweetened with honey instead of suojar, and taste better than sweetened with sugar, and requesting these manufacturers to state this as a fact on their directions that appear on the packages of these materials. Hundreds and possibly thousands of bee-keepers are using some of these prep- arations; and these requests, coming from a number of parties, might induce the manufacturers to do this. This certainly ought to do some good toward increasing the market for honev. I say this ought to be done by the bee-keepers as individ- uals and not as bee-keepers, because if this subject is broached by the bee-keep- ers the manufacturers of these foods will simply consider that Mr. Jones "has au ax to grind." I enclose a copy of a letter which ex- plains itself. If you consider the matter of sufficient importance, please bring it before the readers of your p^per. Wm. Hahm.^x. Altoona, Pa., Oct. 30. Gentlemen: I ha%-e been using your prepara- tion — for breakfast for some time, and like it very much. I have lately tried eating it with honey instead of sugar, and enjoy it even more. As you are doubtles.s aware that honey is a far more healthful food than su.gar. particu- larlj- for persons subject to disorders of the kid- neys. I thought you might be sufficiently inter- ested to call attention to the fact that is very good sweetened -writh a good grade of ex- tracted honey instead of sugar on your directions for the use of this food as given out by you on your circular and on the outside of the package. This receives the hearty editorial en- dorsement of Gleanings, and I wish to voice my approval. The plan is most ex- cellent; and Mr. Hahman has been thoughtful enough to draft a form for a letter. His suggestion that we write as ordinary' folks, as consumers, instead of as bee-keepers, is well worth heeding; but, if 1000 of us copy this letter, and send it to the manufacturers of "H O," I fear thej- would begin to suspect some- thing under the surface. However, there is no necessity for the copying of this let- ter verbatim; simply give the gist of it. If the manufacturers of these foods should receive hundreds, yes, perhaps dozens, of such letters, it might induce them to men- tion honey in their directions for use. These people are all on the lookout for a good thing, and, if satisfied of the desir- ability' of honey, would be only too glad to bring it to the attention of consumers of their products. If all of the directions on the packages of such foods advocated the use of honey, and told of its superior- ity, it would be one of the best adverti.s- ments that honej' has ever received. SEASONABLE ARTICLES. Is ii Worth While to try and Have Such in Our Bee Journals? Some months ago I urged the desirabil- ity of having seasonable articles in our bee journals. It seems to me that the man who is wrestling with 20 swarms a da}- can not have so much interest in an arti- cle on cellar-wintering, as he would in one on the " Control and Management of Swarming. '" Then, too, the harvesting of the crop, its preparation for market, its sale, and the preparation of the bees for winter, must have largely driven from his mind the article read several months previous. It is possible that there is something to be said on the other side ot the question; at least, Mr. F. L. Thomp- son is stirred up to give us the following in the Progressive. We have had it hinted of late that ar- ticles should be on seasonable subjects. But verj- few bee-writers make a business of writing so much as to make it pay to write their articles when the subject is freshest, then hold them until the proper time to apply them. They have not the time to sit down and do a lot of work ahead. Again, even from the reader's point of view, it is just as well to have somewhat unseasonable articles, at least from September to April or May; for he, too, especially at this time of year, has the problems of the />(7.n/ season fresh in mind, and can bring a keener interest to their consideration, than when nearly a year has elapsed since he last thought of them, and by laying the foundation of next year's work now he will have a longer time to digest the subject thorough- ly, and make such modifications in bis THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 357 proposed plans from time to time as ma- ture consiileration ma\' suggest. Mr. Thompson is right in saying that the proper time to write is when the sub- ject is freshest, but I can not agree in thinking that such writings will be read with a keener zest because the reader has lust passed through somewhat similar ex- periences, than they will be if he is just about to engage in the kind of work de- scribed. If writers do not feel like hold- ing their contributions until they are sea- sonable, there is nothing to prevent edi- tors from holding them. I would not hold articles until the very moment that the advice they contain is needed, but publish them a month, or two, perhaps, ahead of the season. This ought to give ample time for digestion and mature con- sideration. This much, however, I am willing to admit, that during the winter there is scarcely any work to be done with the bees, and that there is less call for adhering so closely to seasonability as there is during the working months. Another thing: When some subject has been discussed until it is out of season I would still finish up the discussion while the matter is fresh in the minds of the readers. I would not push this matter of season- ability to extremes, but it does some- times seem as though much of the mat- ter in our journals is published just a lit- tle too late to be of any use until another year has rolled around — when much of it is forgotten. GOOD STORES FOR WINTERING BEES. Hi>ne> Dew not Suitalile for use in a Norih- em Climate. In a northern climate, where the bees are confined to their hives for months, the vital point in successful wintering is that of proper food. The long confine- ment overloads the intestines, anddvsen- teay is the result. What is needed is a food that will give the greatest amount of heat and sustenance with the least amount of residue. Pure cane sugar stands at the head. Next comes well ripened honey. Honey de/r, with which bees sometimes fill their combs, is very low in the scale of winter-foods for bees. It is true that bees have often been win- tered successfully upon honey dew. A warm, open winter, in which the bees could enjoy a cleansing flight, would probably enable bees to come through the winter on almost any kind of stores that were not absolutely unwholesome. Bees wintered in a cellar would certainly stand a better chance of wintering on honey dew than they would in the open air, if the winter was long and severe, as there would be less consumption of stores. Many bee-kespers have reported losses from the attempt to winter bees upon honey dew; but there has often been a lack of conclusiveness from the fact that all of their bees had the same kind of stores — possibly some other factor had an important bearing. The most conclusive evidence that I have seen against the use of honey dew is that giv- en by Mr. Wm. McEvoy of Canada. In the last issue uf the Canadian Bee Jour- nal he contributes the following: — In August, 1SS4, the leaves on the bass- woods, elms and hickorys in my locality were covered with honey dew and the bees filled ihe brood-chambers just as full as they possibly could of the off-colored stuff. I did not like to risk the winterii g of all my bees on honey dew, when I had plenty of sealed clover honey in the top stories, wh:ch I had saved to winter them on, but I thought I could safely do some experimenting along this line and go through the winter without any loss. I had S5 colonies, and in the fall I took all the combs out of 65 brood chambers and placed from 5 to 6 coml)s of sealed clover honey in each hive, and put a division board on each side of these combs. I then packed the colonies with forest leaves. I then fitted up 15 colonies with 5 combs of sealed honey dew each, (which I had taken from other colonies 1 and after placing division t^oards on each side of the combs I packed these colonies with leaves also. I then fixed up the other 10 colonies with 3 sealed combs of clover in the center, and a comb of hone^- dew at 358 THE BEE-KEBPERS' REVIEW. each side, and then the division boards, packing these colonies in leaves the same as I did the others. The 65 that were given the sealed combs of clover honey wintered finely and were very strong with bees in the spring, and gave a large yield of honey in 1885. The lothathad mixed stores dwindled dovin very nnich iti the spring, and gave me but very little honey that season. The ten colonies that I tried to winter on nothing but honey dew soil- ed their hives very badly, and the most of them died before spring, and the balance "petered out" and was gone before the middle of April. When the clover season is nearing the end I leave five sealed combs in each top story for winter stores, and extract from the other super combs until the season ends, and when the time comes to prepare my bees for winter I have 5 combs of choice stores to put into each brood-cham- ber for the bees to winter on. If I had left all the bees to winter on honey dew in 1884, when the brood chambers were filled up full with it, I should have lost nearly all mv bees. It doesn't pay to try to winter bees on poor stores. If one does not wish to feed sugar for winter-stores, then the plan of Mr Mc- Evoy, that of saving out combs of well ripened honey for use in the wintering of the bees, is to be recommended. My plan would be that of feeding sugar when the bees either lacked in stores, or the stores in the hive were not suitable for winter. Sugar is cheaper than honey, and has no superior as a winter-food. The work of feeding may be urged as an objection. It is some work, but with proper applian- ces the work is not great, and the differ- ence in the price of sugar and hone}' will well repay the labor. thh: wintering problrm. Some Hints on the Care of Bees While in the Cellar. The wintering of bees in thecellar is be- coming more and more a science. It is mostly a question of food and tempera- ture. There are other factors that have some bearing, but they are not so very weighty if these two are right. On the care of bees while in the cellar, Harry Lathrop, of Wisconsin, has some very seasonable hints in the Wisconsin Agri- culturist. Among other things, he says: — In this climate, I prefer to winter in the cellar or special repo.sitory. Not be- cause bees cannot be successfully winter- ed outside, but because, with cellar win- tering, we can use a cheaper hive, and one that is handier for summer manipu- lation; also because there is a saving of stores, as bees do not require as much honey to winter them in the cellar as they do when outside. In regard to the cellar, the main point is to keep the temperature at about 41. to 45 degrees and the air pure and wholeso-.jie; dampness, or even water standing on the floor ma}' do no harm provided other conditions arerij,'ht. The air should be so dry and pure that mould will not gather on hives or walls. I have a dug-out cellar which has a sand bottom, stone sides, plank top, with two feet of - dry earth on the plank, and a board roof over the dirt. This cellar is situated in the valley, and during the early spring, for several weeks previous to the time of removing the bees, there are often five or six inches of water in the bottom of the cellar; the result of continuous rains fill- ing the soil of the valley with water. It seems to do no harm, as the air remains pare and measurably dry above. There is a ventilator, or wooden tube, passing from within about two feet of the cellar bottom up through the roof. This is the best arrangement I know of to use in a dug-out cellar for the purpose of carry- ing off the bad air If a cellar is situated under a dwelling or other building it should have a chim- ney extending down to 1he1)ottom of the cellar and provision made for a stove. I have found that an occasional fire is a good thing during winter. It purifies the air of the room nicely as well as warm- ing it up in cases where the temperature is to low. Some have tried oil stoves, but they are dangerous to the health and comfort of the bees, and are as unfit for a bee cellar as they are for a sleeping- room. Bees are like human beings. They will be quiet while they are coinfor- table, but deprive them of good air, or place them where they will be chilled or too warm, and they soonjbecnme restless and uneasy. This causes them to wear themselves out. The condition to be souyht after is to keep them just as quiet and contented as possible. Noise and jars have been mentioned by some as very detrimental, but I think they are nothing as compared to improper condi- THR BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 359 tions of warmth and air. A bee-keeper of cjiiite large experience told nie in our convention at Madison last winter of hav- ini,' wintered several colonies of bees in his shop within a few feet of the bench on which he was poiindintj and working at hive making every day. The bees seemed to get used to the noise and jar, and paid no attention to it. But when- ever bees are wintered without the chance of flying freely in and out, I think it very important to keep the room absolutely dark. To winter bees in the open air in a northern climate requires protection of some kind. There must be a chaff-pack- ed hive, or else the hives must be sur- rounded with boards, and packing put in next to the hives. As Mr. Lathrop says, hives that are light and readily movable, such hives as are the most desirable for use in the summer, are not desirable hives for wintering bees in the open air — there must be some protection put around them, and putting them in the cellar is the cheapest way in which the}' can be protected. Then the saving of stores is quite an item — the saving will soon be enough to pay for a cellar. The temperature that he recommends is, I believe, about right. If the food is wholesome, and the temperature right, I believe, with Mr. Lathrop, that there is little to fear from dampness. Dampness is equivalent to a lower temperature. Mr. R. L. Taylor once kept several colonies in a cellar surrounded the whole winter with damp cloths. He did this as an ex- periment. The air was kept saturated with moisture. The bees wintered well. The caution about using oil stoves is timely. Thej can be used if there is a pipe connected with the stove to carry ofT the gases of combustion. I used an oil stove several winters in the cellar to keep up the temperature during cold snaps. I had a tin hood that set over the top of the stove, and from the hood a tin pipe extended up through the floor and con- nected with the stove pipe in the room above. When thus arranged an oil stove is a most useful adjunct to a cellar that may need a little artificial heat during a cold spell. If the food and temperature are what they ought to be I think that noise and jars will do little harm. I think it just as well to avoid them, but I should not worry anj- becau.se of them. Mr. Heddon one winter disturbed a colony every time that he went into the cellar. He kicked the hive and roused up and disturbed the bees every way that he could every op- portunity that presented, yet this colony wintered as well as any that he had. If the temperature and food are all right, I think that the entrance of light into the cellar will do no harm. If the bees become uneasy toward spring, and the temperature runs high, it is quite likely that many bees would leave their hives and seek the light. When bees are uneasy towards spring, and the cellar door is left open all night, they will be found quiet in the morning, yet the sun may be shining into the cellar and directly upon the hives. INTRODUCING QUEENS. How to do it l)v the use of Tobacco Smoke. Perhaps some of my readers will think that I am becoming a crank on the use of tobacco smoke in introducing queens. Possibly I am; but if it is really a sure thing somebody ought to become a crank on the subject long enough to turn out some of the losing methods. I believe it was Henry Alley who first used this meth- od; and in a late issue of the .American Bee Journal he describes his plan in de- tail. It is as follows: — I have read the thousand-andone methods given in the bee-papers for in- troducing queens, and none of them, it seems to me, are at all practical. Thej' all recjuire too much work and troublp, and, so far as I know, none of them are reliable. I never have practiced but one method for introducing either fertile or unfertile queens, and it is always attended with the best success. 36o THB BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. To be successful in introducing a queen, a colony must be put in shape to realize thoroughly their cjueenless condi- tion, and this can best be done by letting the bees remain queenless 72 hours. This applies to colonies to which either fertile or unfertile queens are to be intro- duced. At the end of three days celK will be started, but not capped, and then is just tlie right time to introduce a queen and make it a success. When a queen is received, do not put the cage near the colony to which the queen is to be introduced. This is a bad practice and a mistake a good many bee- keepers make. When a colony has l^een queenless three days, place the cage over the frames in such a wav that the bees in the hive can liave access to the food in the cage, and in the c )urse of a few hours the food will be removed, and everything being so quiet the queen walks out and takes command of the colony, and all goes on well. Now, to make the introduction doubly sure, just blow a quantity of tobacco smoke in at the entrance of the hive — enough smoke so that all the bees will feel it. The lest time to do this, and to introduce a queen, is just before dark. Now, I can not use tobacco as a good many people can; that is, I can not smoke a cigar nor pipe, and so I was obliged to perfect some arrangement whereby I could fumigate the bees with tobacco, so I made a tin pipe in this way: The body of the pipe is made of tin "s inch in diameter, and about 5 inches long; then a wood stopper at each end. A hole is made through each stopper, and the one placed in the mouth is shaped to fit the mouth. The stopper at the other end has a small tin tube run through it so that the smoke can be directed to any particular point. The pipe is held be- tween the teeth, and tlie hands are then at libertv Fill the pipe with fine, cheap tobacco. — tricHn Boe Keppern' Aseociation, nt its WashiiiKton inpetinB, Hud, 80 far as possiltle, quotati'iusare made accordiuK to these rules . Fancy.— All sections to be well filled; combs straifirht, of even tliirkness, and firmly attached t<) all fonrsiiles; botii woixi and comb nnsoiled by travel-Htain.or otborwisc : all t ho colls sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, bnt combs ud- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells nuMealed ; both wood and comb iinsoiled by travel stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, nsing the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," No. 1, dark." etc. The prices given in the following quotations are those at which the dealers sell to the gro- cers. From these prices must be deducted freight, cartage and commission— the balance being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only five per cent, when a shipment .sells for as much as one hundred dollars. CHICAGO — We quote as follows: Fancy white, 16; No. I white, 14 to 15; fancy amber, 12 to 13; No. I amber, 10; fancy dark, 10; No. I dark, S; white, extracted, 7^4 to 8; amber, 7; dark, 6^ to 6>4 : beeswax, 28. R. A. BURNETT & Co., Nov. 19. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. CHICACO— Fancy white comb honey, 16; am- ber, 13 to 14: dark, 10 to 12; white extracted, from Colorado and Utah, in si.Kly-pound cans, for sale at s cents a ])ound. We are in the market to buj' or sell extracted honey in any quanty. Beeswax, 29 cents a pound. S. T. FISH & CO., Nov. i9. 189 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills. NEW YORK — Arrivals of comb honey in this market are very light, with prices ruling about as heretofore. Just at present there is only a fair demand. We quote as follows: Fancy white comb. 15 to 16; No. I. white, 14: No. 2 white, 13; buckwheat, 10 to 11; buckwheat extracted, 5^ to 6; Ijeeswax, ( fair demand 1 27 to 28. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT & CO. Nov. 21. W. Broadway Franklin & Varick Stu. NF;w YORK —Good demand for all giaies of comb honey, and fa r rlemand for extracted. Supply fairly good considering shortage. liets- wax firm. We quote as follows; Fancy white, 16; No. I white 14 to 15: fancy amber, 13; No. i amber, 12; fancy dark.ii; No. i dark, 10; white, extracted, 8: amber, 7 to y'A; dark, 55^ to 6; beeswax, 28. HILDRETH & SEGELKEN, Nov. 20. 130 West Broadway, New York. ni'FFAI^O-Don't hold honey too long; it has its season; and the public usiially changes to something else after December. Market is fair- ly active asr|uoted; low grades drag some. We quote as frillows: Fancv white, 17 to iK; No. I white, 15 to 16; fancy; amber, 14 to 15; No. i am- ber, 13; fancy dark, 12 to 14; white, extracted, 7; beeswax, to 9; 25 to 30. BATTERSON & CO. Nov. 19. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y. KANSAS CITY —Receipts are light, and de- mand is firm at prices given. We advise ship- ments. We do not look lor much if any decline in market for .some time, as it seems that near- ly all' of the honey has, been marketed. We quote as follows: Fancy white, i,s to i,s'/3; No. i whi'e, 14 to 15; fancy amber, 13 to 14; No. i am- ber, II to 12; faucy dark, 9: white extracted, 8 to 9; amber, 7 to 7!^; dark, 6J4 to 7; beeswax, 22 to 26. W. R. CROMWEIX FRUIT & CIDER CO., Nov. 19. 423 Walnut St., Kansas City, Mo. — If yf)a wish the best, low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the eilitor of tlin Kbvikw. He has an Odi^ll, taken in payment for advertising, and he wodIiI be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing snch a machine. Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers are looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your name on a postal card, will bring you prices of queens, bees, nuclei, bee supplies, and a catalogue giving full particulars, with a full treatise, on how to rear queens, and bee-keeping for profit, and a sample copy of "The Southland Queen," the only bee paper published in the South. All free for the asking. 3-99-tf THEJBNNIB ATCHI^BY CO., Beeville, Bee Co. Texas. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of diflferont styles and sizes, made by C. W. (lostellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson. Flint, Mich. THE A. /. ROOT CO,. 10 VINE ST.. PHILADELPHIA. PA BEE - SURRLIES. Direct steamboat and railroad lines to all doiuls. We want lo save you freight. 362 THE BEE-KBKPERS' REVIEW. The ABC of Bee Culture. iqoo Edition. The onl> Encyclopedia on Bees. 500 Pages. Read what the editor of the Revue Eclectique, one of the leading French bee journals has to say of the 1699 edition. We have just rceived the latest edition of this manual of apiculture, published by the celebra- ted house of The A. I. Root Co., and, after having gone over it attentively, we do not fear to affirm that it is the most learned treatise that has ever been published on bees and their culture. Its title, "A B Cof Bee Culture," is too modest; it deserves, rather, to be called an encyclopedia of bee culture. This work is, in fact, a veritable magazine where all questions relative to apicul- tural science are explained with the greatest thoroughness. The subjects in it are arranged in alphabetical order, with numerou., engravings, finely executed, which aid to a proper under- standing of the text. Since the first edition, published in 1877, 67,000 copies have been sold. This unprecedent- ed success indicates sufficiently the value of this work, which, in every respect, is a perfect one. The typography, the illustrations, the paper, the binding, leave nothingto be desired. l,et no one believe here that we make an idle boast. The humble praise we have accorded this work is based on its real merit, to which the masters of apicultural science have already rendered the most flattering testimonies. The well-known editior of Gleanings in Bee Culture, one of the bee-journals the most widely known, is better situated than anybody else to follow the progress of modern apiculture. Not only is Mr. E. R. Root in correspondence with the leading lights in modern apiculture, but he is at the head of the most extensive apicul- tural establishment that exists. Not only has he gathered together the experiences of the more celebrated bee-keepers during the past 22 years, but, before accepting them and putting them in his book, he has carefully tested them all, and has experimented with all in his own apiary; hence one should look in this book for the most recent conclusions in movable-frame apiculture. It is there, also, that one will find the best sys- tems. Nowhere, it is well known, has the devel- opment of apiculture been .so great as in North America. The Americans, eminently indus- tr ous and practical, have made bee-keeping a special source of revenue. It is, consequently, of great interest to study their methods, the best of which are explained in the ABC of Bee Cul- ture, and which will, we believe, extend the hor- izon of all beginners who have entered the api- cultural field with the object of making it a means of livelihood. We do not know how to urge those of our readers any more strongly, if they understand English, to get this book. We hope to see it published in French. We are sat- isfied that it would have in France, as well as in America, a considerable success, h- P. Prikcr. Revue Eclectique, Sainte Soline, par I,ezay, Deux Sevres, France, February, 1900. Now remember that the book has been again carefully rewritten the past sum mer and is fully up to date with much valuable new matter. Price 1 1.20 post- paid to any country, or clubbed with Gleanings in Bee Culture, new or renew- al, one year, I1.75. If Gleanings is sent to a foreign address, 48 cents extra for postage. The A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 363 JOHN F. STRATTON'S ChLbBRATED BirmingtiamSteelStrings .^^ for Violin. Guitar, Mandolin, Banjo fv- Finest Made. Extra Plated. tS4AI MAr Warranted not to rust. Send for Catig JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811. SV^, 815. 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mention the Review. —If you are Roing to — BlJY A BlJZZ-SAW, write to the editor of the Kevikw. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make yow happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. "WANTI D-HONEY Would like to hear 'vaoBi^ — from parties hav- ing honey to offer. Wanted Kxtracted Clover and Basswood, such as suitable for bottling trade; also Fancy White Comb-Honev in no-driii shipping cases. I PAY PK().MF'1%S- OX DEI.IVKRY, and refer you to the \. 1. Root Co , or The Brighton German Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio. C. H. W. WEBER, 214O Central ^ve., Cincinnati, Ohio. Pleate mention the ReuieiB. Queens. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, ?2.,';o each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, f 1. 00; 6 for 55. 00. Untested, 75 cts. ; 6 for $4.00. W. H. Laws, Round Rock, Texas. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. Our Fall Specialties Are your Fall Necessities- S HIPPING CASES. FIVE GALLON CANS, DANZ CAR- T O N S, AND CASH OR 7 RAVE FOR BEESWAX'^, Send for Catalog M H. HUNT & SON, Bell Branch, Micli. Exhibition Hives. I shall probabU- make no more exhibitions of bees and honey at fairs I have too many other irons in i he fire. I have about a dozen nucleus exhibition hives that I would sell for 50 cents each. They are nicely made, with glass in one side and wire cloth on the other. Six of them are painted a bright vermillion and the others a bright blue. They are of the right size for tak- ing one I,angstroth frame. They cost fi.oo each to make them. I also have about 100 of the old-style Heddon super, of the right size to use on an 8-frame, dovetailed hive. This is the best super there is if no seperators are used. They cost 20 cents each to make them when lumber was cheap. They are well painted and just as good as new, but I would sell them at 15 cents each. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Bee - Supplies. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's honey jars. Prompt service. Low freight. Catalog free. Walter S. Ponder, 512 Mass. Ave,, Indianapolis, Indiana. Only exclus've bee-supply house in Ind. YOU CAN MAKE MON £ Y RAPIDLY /X THE BELGIAN HARE BUSI NESS START RIGHT and MANAGE RIGHT The first step is to secure the Best Pedigreed Stock. This you can get at a reasonable price from the Flint Belgian Hare liitiM Ltd. Write for Circular and Price I,ist and other Belgian Hare iuformatiou 3^4 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Longest Tongues ! For two years I have been advertising and selling a superior strain of bees. I knew that they were really superior, that they stored more honey than any other strain of bees with which I was acquain- ted, and that others who had tried them had the same report to make; I knew that they were gentle and hardy, as well as in- dustrious, but just why they should store more honey I was unable to decide. It is possible that I do not now know why, but, at last I have got a hint — they have very long tongues. The average length of bees' tongues is i6-roo of an inch, while these bees have tongues 23-roo of an inch in length. Only one other report has been made of bees having tongues of this length. This breeder, who has been fur- nishing me queens, has been breeding this strain of bees for more than 20 years, always selecting the best to breed from, and, for this reason, this trait, or peculiar- ity, that of having long tongues, must have become fairly well fixed — much more so than in that of some chance sport. The discovery of this reason for their superiority is the source of consider- able satisfaction to me. Heretofore, I could only assert that the bees were sup- erior, that they would store more honey, but I could giye no reason why, except that this trait had been de- veloped by years of selection and careful breeding; now I can say why, or, at least, give a reasonable reason why. I wish to repeat what I have already said several times, viz., that it is impossi- ble for a bee-keeper to invest a small sum of money to l^etter advantage than by in- troducing this strain of bees into his apiary It will repay hira a hundred fold — perhaps a thousand fold. In ad- dition to their known length of tongue, there are also the additional traits of har- diness, and gentleness — something well worth considering. To those who are thinking of trying this strain of bees, I would say don't wait until next spring before sending in your order. Last spring, when I began send- ing out queens, there were orders on my books for nearly 200 queens. Orders are already coming in to be filled next spring. They will be filled in rotation, so, if you wish to get a queen next spring, send in your order this fall. The price of a queen is I1.50; but safe arrival, safe introduc- tion, purity of mating and entire satis- faction are all guaranteed. The queen can be returned any time within two years, and the money refunded, and 50 cents additional sent to pay for the trouble. The Review one year, and a queen, for only |2. 00. WOODL.\XD, Ills., Nov. 20, I9OO. Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson — Can any more of those queens be purchased of you next season? The one I bought of you last June out-stripped everything in this vicinity. As a breeder, she certain- ly capped the climax of anything that ever came under my obser\-ation in the bee line. And her offspring — well, they are simply marvelous as workers. From her colonj", in September, I extracted 65 lbs. of honey of the finest quality; and, remember, the honey season here was a very poor one. There are a number of apiaries in this vicinity, and I do not know of one that will average lo lbs. per colony. And I want to add rignt here that the cappings of the honey in this colony were of snowy whiteness; and, to day, as I put this colony in winter quarters, I find the eight combs well filled and capped with that same snowy whiteness that was so conspicuous in the supers. I stand ready to chal- lenge any apiarist in this locality to produce bees the equal of these as honey gatherers. Two of my friends wish to get queens of this strain, and I certainly want more of them if they can l)e gotten. Yours respectfully. C. E. Al'RICK. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Michigan. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 365 <# >,.Jf'A.Ml-4, * «..# «.,# fc.s** ,^,* ... * .,* #•,.■,# * ■» '%.»■% M-^yr^.p-!^, ^■3 60, would sell it fo: '?2.5o. I have ten dozen, i-ponnd, s mare, flint glass, Miith jars with coi I- s. worth so cents a dozen, new, woiilo >ell at ;-,o cents a dozen. There are foi.r dozen of the same kind of jars. onl\ they hold two pounds instead of on' and cost 62 cents a dozen when new I would sell them at 45 cents a dozi^n *n«i»*«*«*m«« jr\ Flint ipon their walls pic- tures m;,de bj their editor's own hand, that I have decid.'d to describe these pictures, and al- low mj' friends the opportunity of securing them. THE OLD MILL DAM. At the bottom of a deep gorge, its banks lined with thrifty lindens, drooping elms and dark green pines, somebody, years ago, built a high dam, with a mill close beside it, just above where a brook went tumbling down over a series of rocky ledges. The water comes down over the dam in thin sheets here and there, so thin that its liquid clearness can be seen, almost felt, and then, in filmy whiteness, goes dashing from one ledge of rocks to another into a limpid pool at their feet. In some places the black rocks can be seen through the delicate, white, misty veils of water that liang in front of them. The dark holes up in under the big timbers forming the flume that carries the water to the mill are such as might awaken strange, weird fancies in an imaginative mind. In sheltered nooks about the old mill with its broken windows, robins build their nests, and, at evening, warble their vespers from the withered limbs of a tall, dead pine standing near. Over all is the golden sun- shine, throwing into bill relief all things upon which it falls, making beautiful contra.sts with objects left in the shade, and filling the very .a.ir with its warmth and brightness. IN THE SWEET SPRINGTIME. This is a scene in an old apple orchard, taken at that season of the year when the whole coun- try is one blush of bloom, filling the air with a fragrant sweetness; when fleecy clouds float lazily over green meadows, and, from topmost boughs, happy birds are cheering their mates sitting patiently upon nests hidden away among the branches be ow. I'nder foot the new grass is yet soft and tender, and the wide-spreading branches of the apple trees are almost hidden by the masses of pink and white promises of future fruitfulness. Almost instinctively, in looking at this picture, the bee-keeper listens for the hum of the bees. WHERE THE SUNSHINE LOVES TO LINGER. In Michigan, fifty miles north of Detroit, lies a farming country delightfully picturesque. Hills and valleys, cultivated fields and green meadows, clumps of evergreens and scrub-oaks, little gems of lakes and babbling brooks, big red barns and comfortable farm-houses, all com- bine in making a picture of comfort and con- tent upon which the sunshine loves to linger. Last July I packed mj- camera, took the train for Davisburg, Oakland Coitnty, and was fortu- nate enough to fine a characteristic view just as the sun, very reluctantly, was giving up the Ian 'scape to the coming twilight. In the fore- ground is a hay field, and the long shadows cast by the hay cocks and clumps of bushes show most conclusively that the sunshine clings as long as possible to the lovely scene with its brook, and lake, and hills, and farm-buildings, and beautiful, dreamy, white clouds overhead. FAREWELL SUMMER. Corn in the shock, big yellow pumpkins on the ground, goldenrod blooming in the fence corners, brown leaves falling from the maples, a mellowness in the sunshine that gilds the ripened corn, all proclaim tliat the reign of sum- mer is ended. Into these pictures I have put my whole heart; spending days in selecting the scenes and THE BEB-KEEPERS* REVIEW 367 the best {>oints of view; in deciding upon the best time of day, and even the kind of a day, in which to make the difTcrent exposures. 1 would go more into detail in describing these pictures, but to every customer I will al- low the privilege of returning pictures for any cause whatsoever. It would he no pleasure to me to have a friend keep a picture that he did not care for. With me this is not wholly a mat- ter of dollars and cents— p'ide, and sentiment, and friendship will enter largely into the trans- action. The pictures are 8x10 inches in size, printed upon Aristo Platino paper, which has a matt surface and is absolutely fadeless, mounted up- on heavy, 10 x 12, carbon-black mounts, and sent by mail thoroughly protected from injury. They are suitable to be framed and luiiig in the home of any bee-keeper. PRICES. The price of a single picture will be 75 cents; or I will .send the Review one year and one pic- ture for only $1.50. Two pictures will be sent for only $1.25; or I will send the Review one year and two j)ictures for only $2.00. Three pictures will be .sent for only f 1.75; or I will send the Review one year and three pictures for only $2.50. The whole four pictiires will lie sent for only $2.25; or I will send the Review one year and the four pictures for only 53.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICHIGAN. ^ yllere we are to the Front ffor igoo with the new Champion Chaff - Hive, a comfortable home for the bees in summer and winter. We al- so carry a complete line of other supplies. Catalog free. R. H. SCHMIDT & CO., 9-99-tf. Sheboygan, Wis MY GOLDEN' AND LEATHER - COLORED Italian Queens Are bred for business and beautj'. I furnish queens to the leading queen breeders of the U. S., and have testimonials fnjin satisfied customers in the l". S. and foreign lands. Give me a share of your orders— they will be filled promptly. Tes'ted queens, liefoVe June 1st, $1.50 each. After June ist, tested queens, either strain, Si 00 each; untested, 75 cts. each. One-frame nucleus with queen. I1.50; two-frame, 52 cd; three-frame, $3.25. 4-00-tf J. W. MINER, Ronda, N. C. PItnnm mPittlon the fteut^w FOR SALE, Extracted Honey From Utah and Colorado. White in col- or. Sixty-pound cans, (2 cans in case) 8 cents per pound. If less than 5 cases we charge 25 cents cartage to depot. Guaranteed ])ure. S. T FISH & CO., 189 South Water St. (Established 24 years.) Chicago, Ills. FOR SALE. Apiary of 40 colonies o f Golden Italia ns, in lo-fraine Doolntle •'""■""^■'■•"""""■1 '" ' ■■■I'll"" hives, together with fixtures. Kverything up to date. Also beautiful buildings, consisting of 8-room, 2-story dwelling, barn and other out- l)uildings. Peach and pear trees, grapes, etc., in bearing. No di.sease. Healthy cl mate Mild winters. No better locality to be had than this to tho.se who desire to embark in the bee busi- ness. Average yield of surplus honey, 50 pounds to the colony. "Photographs sent to tho.se inter- ested. J. W. MINER, iio,HU,,N.c. BEE-HIVES AND HONEY-BOXES, in car lot.s— wholesale or retail. Now i.s the time to get prices. We are the people who manufacture strictly fir.st-class goods and sell them at prices that defy com- petition. Interstate Box Write us today. & Manufacturing Co., Hudson, Wis. 368 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. I^ZiVyy Irnprovernept? Tbis Yeeir. We have made many improvements this year in the manufacture of bee-supplies. The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate- rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be worked by the foot. Tb^ Heddop Hive. Another valuable adjunct to our manu- facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not hesitate to say that it is the be.st all round hive ever put upon the market; and we are pleased to state that we have made arrangements with'Mr. Heddon to the end that we can supply these hives; and the right to use them goes with the hives. Honey Extrevctors. Our Honey Extractors are highly orna- mental, better manufactured; and, while the castings are lighter, they are more durable than heretofore, as they are made of superior material. Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Kee])er, which is much improved, being brimful of good tilings from the pens of some of the best writers in our land; and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price, only 50 cts. per year. Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres- sive Bee-Keeper. Address E».5t St. Lous, Ills. LEAHY A\fg. GO., Wintep M 111 If Losses are not always the result of the same cause. The)' may come from starvation; from poor food; from improper prepara- tions; from improper protection; fro;i a cold, wet, or possibly, a po.>rly ventilated cellar, etc, , etc. Successful wintering comes from a proj)er combination of difTerent conditions. For clear, concise, comprehensive conclu- sions upon these all-important points consult "Advanced Bkk Ci'LTL'RE." Five of its thirtv- two cha])ters treat as many dif- ferent phases of the wintering problems. Price of the book; 50 cts. ; the Rkvikw one year and the book for5i-25. Stamps taken, either V. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHI/S50N, Flint, A\icb. Page & liyon, m'g. Co. r^eui liondon, Wis. Nearness to pine and bass- wood forests the possession of a saw-mill and factory fully equipped with the best of ma- chinery, and years of expe- rience, all combine to en- able this firm to furnish the best goods at lowest prices. Send for circular, and see the prices on a full line of supplies. We have a Liapge Stoek, and can fill Ondeps Promptly. Send us your orders for hives, extractors, or anything that you want in the bee-keeping line. We make only the best. Our F'alcon Sections and Weed Process Foundation are ahead of anything, and cost no more than other makes. New catalogue and a cop)- of The .American Bee-Keeper free. W. T. Fzvlcooer y*AfS' Gom J.\MEST<)\VX, N. V. 6>-;V' \V. ^r. C.errish, Ftast Not- iugham. N. H., carries a full line of our goods at catalogue prices. f4o pisb^Bone Is apparent in comb honey when the Van Deusen, flat - bottom foundation is used. This style of foundation allows the making of a more uniform article, hav- ing a z'oy tliiii base, with the surplus wax in the side - walls, where it can be utilized by the bees. Then the bees, in cliang- iu.g the base of the cells to the natural shape, work over the wax to a certain extent; and the result is a comb that can scarcely l)e distinguished from that built wholly by the bees. Being so tb.in, one pound will fill a large number of .sections. All the Tiouble of wiring brood frames can be avoided by using the Van Deusen zvired. Send for circular; price list, and samples of foundation. «j. van deusen, Sprout Brook, N. Y. W1 11 i i I 370 THB BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. T'i ■iiiiin mm ■ IIIIIIB if i W.O- Victor, 1 1 Wn7 Barnber, QUEEri SPECIAUI5T Wharton? T^xaj. I have as good stock as there is in the United States, so says the A. I. Root Co. Besides having selected choice queens from uiy ovvn slock from time to lime during llic entire season, I have bought select (.|uecns from a number of breeders of high repute. In addition to these I have a dozen imported queens due to arrive direct from Italy any day. To this add an extra select tested daughter of the A. I. Root Co's. S200 red clover queen, the bees of which have a reach of 21-100 of an inch, and 3 select queens of Moore's long tongue strain, and I feel that my stock is at the top of the present development of superi- ority. Untested queens, $1.00; tested queens, $i.,so: .select tested queens, <2.5o to S5.00. Roofs goods at Root's pr ces, plus the car load freight. Of Mt. Pleasant, Mich., has his own saw-mill, and a factory fully equiped with the latest machinery, located right in a f)iiie a:iod rt-gion, ;ir,(i can hiriiis)) lii\cs, .seclion.s, frames, separators, shipping cases, etc. , at the lowest pos.si- ble prices. Making his own foundation enables him to sell very close. Send for samples and prices before buying, and see how you may save money, time and freight. Bee-keepers' supplies of all kinds kept in stock. 12-99-it |iiiiii| iiiiiiii • i T ^ 3 5 H mm ;■:•:;£ (^ VQ 0 iiiiiii i 5* 9» T1 01 iiiiiii rl- V) 5' iiiiiii liiiiil liiiiii 3 0 0 a- < a a. 3 VQ 3 X c 0 iiiiini iiiiini I < 0 0 0 •3 0* X iMiiiii iiiiiii iiiiiii iitiiii 0 a- 3 c a. a. V) 5' > "2, 1 ^ v» c 0 ■iiiiiii iiiiiul iiiiiiii *?^ 3 0 /9 V)- NO 0 VA VJ\ 0 V) Dittrner^s Foupdavtiop At Wholesale zvnay in musical merchandise. 1 have now on land a fine violin outfit coueisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " Stradinarius. '" Ked, French finish, high [xdish, and real ebony triinmiuKs, price itU.lXJ. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot) pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebouy screw-head, German silver feviiles. rti\(i pearl dot in the emi. price fS.,^^ The case is wi.fMl with fiirved 'ofi, varnished, fvi ^ -d, with pockets, Hnd frirninheii with bras ^^ .:s, and handles and kick, price $;i 50. Tlll^ ..akes the entire outfit worth an even $iO 0(). It is ex- actlythe same kind of an outfit that my dantrh- ter has been usin*; tlie past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone tnan some in- errtiments here that cost several times as much. I wish to sell ijiisou tit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracte<1 honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely sntisfactciry can he re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. G. M» LONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please m^^ntion the Reaiem. I am advertising for B. F. Stratton & Son, music dealers of New York, and taking my pay in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. I have already bought and paid for in this way a guitar and violin for my girls, a flute for my.self, and one or two guitars for some of my subscribers. If } ou nie thinking of buying an instrumeul of any kind, I should be glad to send you one on trial. If interested, write me for des- criptive circular and price list, saying what kind of an instrument you are thinking of getting. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Bee keepers should send for our 00 CATALOG, We furnish a full line of supplies at regular prices. Our specialty is Cook's C a lepth of two or ill ret feet, we can calculate that there wdl be no u<=e for sections; and that if we keep all our colonies alive, it will takeson-e su.garto do it. It does not make any difTerence w hether the soil is wet or dry when frozen, nor whether there is a great amount of clover in the fields, there will be only a little honey to be found in the clover after such a winter. Why it is I do not know, unless it is that, deep in the .soil, the little rootlets tail to find the proper nourishment for feeding the plant to keep it in condition to secrete the nectar, as it would under other conditions. When we have snow come on with no frost in the ground, come deep enough to keep the fro^t out, and stay on until spring, we can look for a good crop of honey from clover; and it makes little difference what the weather is, if it is so the bees can fly. I have seen great crops of clover honey gathered in seasons when it was so wet that the bees were driven in several times a day, and the ground was perhaps saturated with water through the entire clover season. Then, again, I have seen seasons that were dry all through the clover season, yet the honey came just the same; when it dried up in one place there appeared to be clover in some locality on moist soil that kept the bees supplied all through the season. The past two seasons we have had, to all appearances, the nicest kind of weath- er, all through the clover sea.son, such as warm, still days, thunder showers near at hand, occasionally one right with us, and the fields a sea of Alsike clover blos.soms, )'et the honey did not come. But the pollen came in any quantity. Each pre- ceding winter of these two seasons but little snow fell here, and the ground was frozen to a deuth of tN\o feel, or more. I first noticed this ca'ise of failure of our honey crop earlj' in the seventies, and from that time to this I have not ."^een a good crop of honey in any season when the ground was frozen deep the previous winter; nor have I seen a season when we had no frost in the ground that we did not get a big crop of honey. Some may say that freezing has noth- ing to do with it, for the reason that there are plenty of localities where it never freezes, and yet clover fails to secrete honey just the same. There may be other causes, such as a lack of moisture at the extremities of the little fibers of roots deep down in the soil, which stops the flow of nectar through the plant the same as it does with the sap of the maple tree. Years ago, for a period of 30 years, I made large quantities of maple sugar every spring, and occasionally there would cornea dry summer and a dry fall, with so liltle rain that the winter would set in with the ground under the trees as dry as ashes, and it would remain so all winter, and in such seasons we might about as well look for sap to come from a basswood or hemlock as to expect it to flow from a maple tree; and if there did not come heavy rains to saturate the ground, we got no sap, and our sugar season was a failure. Now then, as no condition of the weath- er, such as thawing and freezing, can effect the maple, and cause sap to flow when it stands in a bed of dry soil, is it not reasonable to conclude that the cold soil beneath the plants is why no nectar flows into the c)over blossoms? Surely, the 378 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. nectar comes through the plant np into the flower, and no kind of fine, atmos- pheric conditions of the weather can do so after one of deep frost in the soil. To those who depend upon clover as their main source for a crop of honey, I would say, look into this, and see if it has not been the same in your own locality; and when you have learned for yourself that the conditions that I have described are not favorable for a good crop of hon- ey, you will feel like going a little slow in getting a large stock of supplies, un- til vou see some prospects of needing them. Some may like to know how I learned that maple trees would give but little or no sap when the soil was dry beneath them. In my sugar works were two ravines where the soil was always moist, and in these ravines the sap would run freely in the dry seasons, while on the ridges there would be little to gather. In a wet season the trees on the ridges would fur- nish sap just as freely, or better, than those in the ravine. I have seen clover secreting honey abundantly along the fence corners where the snow had drifted on and kept the frost out. I could see the bees, as thev alighted on the clover heads, put t'ltir tongues into t le petals and stay there as though there was something to be had, while a few rods to one side, where the clover was ju-^t as plentiful, they would appear to do nothing except to alight on the clover, run over the blossom, and then sing away to the next head. Now. what made or caused the difference in the secretion of honey in clover heads, only a few feet apart, on the same kind of soil, and in the same atmosphere, if it were not the cold beneath the plants? I have never noticed any bad effect from four or five inches of frost, if it did not pull and kill the clover; it is the deep freezing that stops the flow. Cy\ PC^HE BEGININNG OF AN APIARY. A HANDY TOOL- BOX. BY \V. W. LATHROP. My Apiary in 1S97 consist- ed of one hive of black bees, and this photograph shows how it looked early one' morning soon after I had transfered llieni from an old box- hive. I now have ten colonies of Italians in Danz. hives. When- ever I open a hive I have my tool-box on the side, as shown in the accompanying pho- tograph. I never lose my tools, for when not in use each one is hung in its place. The two sticks in the pockets at the ends belong between the brood-frames and the end of the hive. The box will hold two frames easily, so I always have plenty of room inside the hive to examine combs with- LATHROP'S TOOI^-BOX .\TT.\CHED TO THE SIDE OF -A. HIVE, out being crowded. I use pieces of old barrel staves for smoker fuel, and my lit- tle wood basket always goes around with nie and has its place w ith the other tools. PeK.\lb Junction, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1900. Bridgeport, Conn., June. 18, 1900. THE BBE-KEBPERS' REVIEW 379 ^#4 h m\i ^ 1 'ON SWARMING HIVES, AND WHAT CAN BHDONE WITH 2^ \X Tni:;.M. improvements IN stock, dv l. a. aspin- WALL. Friend Hutchinson — Nearly a year has elapsed since writing for the Re- view. My reti- cence is wholl}^ chie to an uniirec- edented amount of inventive work for the As- ;jinwrill company. Considering the ibsence of any contributions dur- ing this long per- iod, perhaps a summary of my bee-keeping for a year may be i nteresting. Knowing, as you do, my method of wintering bees upon their summer stands, and without the loss of a single colony since its adoption, which has been seven years, I will simply say that their condi- tion each spring has been beyond com- parison. I began the season of rgoo with 48 col- onies, two of which were queenless. With non-swarming hives (of whicli I shall presently speak) all queenless col- onies in the spring are left until the lat- ter part of May, at which time I insert dummy combs between the natural combs of my strongest colonies to pre- vent the tendency of swarming. Many of them will have a comb of brood in ex- cess of the room :^fter alternating them Avith dummies. These are used to build up all queenless colonies, which become fairly strong in two or three weeks. It is my practice to furnish them with a comb containing eggs and larvae from selected stock, after nstruction, that in the event of superse.lure, no swarms will be forthcom- ing. Furthermore, with no dummies in- troduced, and the colony allowed to swarm, a removal of the queen cells, and introduction of the dummies previous to returning the swarm, will completely overcome the impulse. It is interesting to note that many of the workers will mark the location, as in the in.stance of a newly hived swarm, and work with re- newed energy. A third point of excellence is, that the queen is never crowded into the sections. No queen excluding zinc is used in my apiar}'. There is one point more which I will emphasize as being decideW unexpected; viz., the improvement ot bees through non-swarming hives. This subject I treateil in my article for the Review last February, but without any knowledge of what the non swarmer has apparently been doing for me. By reference to the Review, of July 1897, you will note an article, headed "The will of the workers." I refer to this simply to add that the de- velopment of queens is also by the will of the workers. (Jueens reared under the swarming impulse are most assuredly such; while artificially reared ones, are, more or less, by a forced will, and some- what inferior. Now, in the matter of non-swarmers, the queen's powers are taxed rather more in pdising from cjaib to comb by reason of the dummies, than where the combs are adjacent to each other. .Vs a result, supersedure usually takes place a little sooner than under the normal conditions 38o THB BEIt-KEEPERS' REVIEW. in swarming hives; and the will-power of the workers is such that unusually lary;e and vigorous queens are produced to meet the requirements of the situation. I have purchased a great many queens, and have yet to find any that are equal in size to some thus produced. I firmly believe the workers can devel- op a queen equal to the requirements of the colony, in a few generations, at most. There are other points of excellence which are contained in the non-swarmer, which I expect to prove more thoroughly by another season's test before placing them upon the market. Although it has been an off-season I have secured upwards of a ton of fine comb honey, with ample winter stores for every colony. In reference to improving my stock, I see an advancement after six years effort. My best colonies which have queens two years old have kept in the lead each sea- son and far outstrip the average colony. One colony, which I consider the best, stored log^well finished sections; and, had the season been a good one, doubtless double the number would have been placed to its credit. Mr. E. R. Root, in speaking of improv- ed bees, attributes the gain in honey gathering as largely due to the increased length of their tongues. While I have been working for the same, and believe Mr. Root is correct in his conclusion, one fact came under my observation as a dis- tinctive feature of the bees composing my best colony. The bees upon return- ing from the honey fields showed abdo- mens unusually large and distended with honey. Furthermore, nearly every bee entering the hive carried a full load. By comparison, I found many bees of the other colonies entering the hives with their abdomens distended so little as lo be unnoticeable. I also found this colony gathered much less propolis than any other in the yard. In view of the above facts I shall make my efforts to improve the stock eclectic — combining a? many of th?; best qualifica. tions as possible, to accomplish the de- sired end. My stock, some ten years ago, was from J. P. Moore of Morgan Ky., crossed with selected stock from another breeder of yellow bees, which showed a sport of larger workers and drones. In October I supplanted a few mismated queens with some of Mr. Moore's stock, and one from your selected, for comparison the coming season. I shall be careful to eliminate the drones in those colonies as much as possible consistent with maintaining the normal condition, so as to prevent fur- ther crossing until the test as to size and working qualities have been made. Jackson, Mich., Nov. 27, 1900. EDITORIAL ffcrings. Education's use is to stir up and stimulate to investigation. "Fertile Worker" is a misnomer. Workers are never fertilized. Laying worker is the correct term. Ignor.\xce and ugliness are at the bot- tom of nearly all of the cases of prosecu- tion for bees damaging fruit; so said Mr. Wm. Couse, at the Ontario Convention. •^^^^^^^•■■^^ Bricks were reconnnended by Mr. J. B. Hall at the Ontario convention, for setting hives upon in the apiar}-. This saves the deca}- of the hive-stand. Tacks sprinkled upon the platform of the wagon upon which bees are to be moved will prevent the hives from slip- ping about. Mr. F. A. Gemmill, at the Ontario convention, said that even two tacks under the bottom board of a hive will keep it safely in place. THE BEB-KEEPERS' REVIEW 381 Woodstock was the place chosen for holding the next meeting of the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Association. John Newton was elected president. D.wr.iGHT is allowed to enter the win- tering-cellars of many of the members of the Ontario convention, and no ill effects are manifested. Rai.sixCt Hives from the bottom boards in the cellar in winter may not result in any better wintering of the bees, but the combs come out cleaner and brighter and free from mould. kjiii»»»*«««.«« Hives were being discussed at the On- tario convention, when Mr. D. W. Heise ended the discussion by saying that each bee-keeper would have to choose for himself, according to his system of man- agement and locality.. ii^»»^»%»^»«' A Banquet in honor of its ex-presi- dents was one of the delightful features of the late meeting of the Ontario Bee Keepers' Association. Why couldn't the National Association do something in this line at its next meeting? *'■» »^»»»F»« The Cellar containing bees for win- tering is left open, that is the doors and windows are left open, by Mr. C. \V. Post of Canada, until the real cold weather comes. During the moderate fall weath^ er the bees are practically in an open shed. w^^<«ava»a> Quilts for covering the tops of the frames had some warm defenders at the Ontario convention; likewise did they receive some strong condemnation. With quilts the smoke can be sucked down into the hive quicker by giving the quilts a flapping movement. In examin- ing the bees in the spring it can be done quite easily by simply turning back one corner of the quilt. Aside from these two points, the arguments were against the use of quilts. i^M^r"*'*.'"*^ Fertilization of a blossom by pollen from some other blossom than itself is an advantage, results in better fruit; so said Prof. Fletcher at the Ontario convention. This shows another reason why bees are an advantage in fertilizing blossoms. t*^\f^^^n^* Cellar-Wintering will soon save enough in stores to pay for the building of a cellar, and the work of packing one hive out of doors is as much work as to carry six colonies into the ceilar, so re- ported Mr. John F'ixter at the Ontario convention. ^p-u^-u^^'d^^^ A Pux, if a good one, is often quite en- joyable. For instance, at the banquet held at Niagara Falls during the Ontario convention, there was an allusion to the green color of the water in the rapids just below the falls, and some curiosity ex- pressed as to what this color was due, when some one suggested that it was green because it had just come over. .*^«*«*« »^>i-» Foul Brood was found in 33 apiaries out of 100 that were examined last year by Mr. Wni. McEvoy, Inspector of Apia- ries for Ontario. In going to a neighbor- hood he secured the assistance of the best bee-keeper in that locality, who went about with him, and afterwards kept him informed as to how things were progress- ing. •M^HP MfU^^tP^tP The Chicago Convention Report is stringing out to such a length, owing to the minuteness with which it is reported, that it will be impossible for Bro. York to furnish all of the numbers containing it for ten cents, as mentioned in last Re- view— twenty cents is the least for which they can be furnished, and they are cheap at that price. 3^2 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Chaff as packing over the brood-nest in winter was condemned at the Ontario convention by Mr. R. McKnight. At the side of the hive where it is kept dry, chaff is all right. Over the top of the brood- nest it becomes damp and mouldj-. Ground cork, such as magala grapes are packed in for shipment is most excellent. Forest leaves answer well this purpose. Sawdust is an excellent material, but it should be from seasoned lumber. ^^^i^^K*-***^*. Bees Wintered in the cellar do not consume so many stores as those wintered out of doors, but Mr. Hall, at the Ontario convention, called attention to the fact that the large consumption of stores by the colonies out of doors comes from the breeding that takes place early in the spring before those in the cellar are car- ried out. He approved of taking the bees from the cellar quite early, say in March, if the weather is not too severe, as this starts breeding and gets the colonies in better condition for the harvest when it comes. «*^>»«n^ >■«,■ The SterEopticon views shown by E. R. Root at Chicago to which were added some English and some Canadian views, 150 slides in all, were shown by Bro. Root at the Ontario convention, where they were greatly enjoyed. The last slide shown was "God Save the Queen," the letters being formed of hone^- comb built in this form by the bees, and exhibited at the fair by some bee-keeper who had had it photographed. When these words appeared upon the screen, the whole au- dience burst into applause, and followed it up by singing "God Save the Oueen." ^»ii^*^u»it»ii^ Prolificness in a queen was not ap- proved by Mr. J. B. Hall at the Ontario convention. He preferred industry and longevity on the part of the workers. As the honey harvest ends in July, the rearing of a large number of workers that come on the stage of action too late is really a disadvantage. With two colonies of equal strength, one will often store twice as much honey as the other one stores; it is the possession of qualities that will enable bees to do this that Mr. Hall preferred in place of prolificness. Mr. Hall asserted that the bees of a very pro- lific queen were seldom possessed of these other desirable qualities. ■'Rrf ^ rf ^i^^^M** Carniolans were greatly praised by Mr. C. W. Post at the Ontarior conven- tion. His surplus comes from clov- er, basswood and buckwheat. He uses a 9-frame hive. He has scarcely any swarming, and makes increase by starting 2-frame nuclei and building them up. Morley Pettit and W. J. Craig were not in favor of Carniolans. *^»^\i^*FkFk^ The NaTion.^i, Associ.\Tion defends its members as quickly in Ontario as in the United States. I fear most of the Can- adians do] not understand this; as the matter of Canadians doing something in the line of forming an association of de- fense was considerably discussed at the late Ontario convention. It was dropped when it became evident that joining the National answered every purpose. One man reported that there were only four Canadians who were members. This alone shows that this point is not rightly underslooi. Come on, brother Cana- dians. Join wiili us, and we will take care of yuu in yonr troubles. FOUIv BROOD. Bacillus Alvei was found in the eggs and ovaries of queens from diseased colo- nies, by Prof. Harrison of the Guelph, Ontario Agricultural College. He said at the Ontario convention that w-hen foul brood was first introduced into a new por- tion of the country it is much more viru- lent. He also suggested that the reason why foul brood was not spread by mak- ing foundation from wax containing germs of the disease was because the germs were embedded in the wax. Wax, as usually heated for making foundation, THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 383 does not contain the germs, as tlie heat destroys them, but germs can be intrc- duced into wax warmed only enongh to melt it, and made into foundation at thi low temperature, yet foul brood does not develop when such foundation is used. As already explained. Prof. Harrison thinks it is because the spores are embed - ed in the wax, hence can do no harm. ■»>i»*»rf«rf»rf« The Tan American exposition, which is to beheld next year at Buffalo, N. Y., will approach in magnitude the Chicago world's fair. Bro. Root, O. L. Hershiser and myself went out to the grounds the next day after the Ontario convention. The grounds comprise 350 acres, and the buildings, while not so large as those of the Chicago fair, are veiy beautiful; being of the Spanish .style of architecture. The decorations and colorings are unusually artistic and beautiful. By the way, there is some prospect that the National Association will meet there next year. Much will depend upon whether the G. A. R. encampment is held at Denver, Col., and reduced rates given. Thus far the railroads have re- fused to grant the one cent a mile rate which they have been giving in the past; asserting that they lose too much money by so doing. Cleveland has been making some heroic efforts to secure the encamp- ment and the low rates, but has not yet succeeded. If the usual one cent a mile is secured lor Denver, which is very un- likely, we would be in duty bound to go to Denver; otherwise the convention will probably be held in Buffalo sometime in October, when the Irrigation Congress meets there, and low rates can be secured. Chri.stm.vs P^ditions of magazines are enjoyed both by the enterprising pub- lishers who get them out, and the appre- ciative readers who receive them. It has several times been my delight to give a holiday number containing extra pages, pictures, etc., but I must ask my readers to excuse me this year. With the skip- ping about the country that I have been doing the past month, it has been impos- sible. Nearly all the editorials in this i.ssue have been written while on the train going from place to place. I am writing this while on my way to our Michigan State convention. Of course, I might have stayed at home and gotten out a handsome holiday issue, and proba- bly had it out earlier, but I always look the ground over carefully and do that which seems best, all things considered. I always say to myself: "What will make the Review most valuable to my readers ?" and when they come to read, in the Jan- uary number, of the good things picked up in my Eastern trip, some that will, I am sure set some of them to thinking, I trust they will agree with me that I chose wisely. Next month several pages of advertising and the index will go out, leaving room for more reading matter than there is in this issue. ^^M^M^i^^W** The Utter bee and peach suit, refer- ence to which has already been made in these columns, was, upon appeal, carried to the circuit court, and has recently been tried; the jury deciding in favor of the bee-keeper after being out only five min- utes. T"he National Association took great pains and went to considerable ex- pense to win this suit; knowing that if it were lost it would lead to endless perse- cution of bee-keepers by ignorant or ill- disposed fruit growers. Frank Benton was there in his official capacity as assist- ant U. S. entomologist, and showed by means of drawings that the bees' mouth- parts were not adapted to cutting the skins of sound fruit. O. I^. Hershiser of Buffalo, N. Y., W. F. Marks of Chapin- ville, N. Y., E. R. Root and A. I. Root of Medina were also present, and assisted by their evidence and counsel. One point that was brought out very strongly was that early peaches of the clingstone variet}' are very likely to de- cay upon one side. The side next the sun ripens first, and then begins to decav, while the other side is yet hard. The de- 384 THE BEB-KEEPFW REVIEW cay begins in small spots near the surface, but, once began, is very rapid in its action. Within a single da}' after the decayed spots begin to show, the fruit may be- come worthless. The bees discover these incipient spots of decay and immediately begin working upon them, eating their way into the fruit. Two baskets of this fruit placed side by side, one covered with netting to keep away the bees, will be equally valueless at the end of the day — one eaten out by the bees, the other a mass of decay. This fault of the early clingstone peaches has caused man}- fruit growers to abandon their cultivation. »"it»«^iL»ii^^» Measuring Bees' Tongues was de- scribed by E. R. Root at the Ontario con- vention. A cage of bees, a bottle of chlo- roform, a magnifying glass, a large needle and a micrometer that can be bought at a hardware for 20 cts. are all the needful articles. Put a few drops of chloroform upon a handerchief, place it over a cage of bees, and lay a book over it to confine the chloroform. In a few moments the bees will be senseless. For some reason the effect of the chloroform is that of compelling the bees to thrust out their tongues. A bee is taken from the cage, its head cut off and laid upon the microm- eter with the tongue projecting along the scale. The needle is pressed upon the head, which causes the tongue to pro- trude its whole length. By looking through the magnifying glass the length of the tongue can be counted ofif in looths of an inch. W>fc»liF^»»^^i^ IS THERE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMB AND BEESWAX? Dr. Miller and Bro. Root do not agree with my views regarding the difference between comb and wax. Bro. Root says that he can see no difference in wax, whether it is in comb or in the cake. I have never made any scientific tests in the matter, and I don't know as any one has. My conclusions have been arrived at simply from my observations as a bee- keeper and a consumer of honey; and, if I have been deluding myself, I wish to be set right. As I understand the matter, naturally built comb is composed of little pellets, or flakes, of wax patted and pressed to- gether by the bees, thus leaving the structure of a comparatively loose, fria- ble nature that is easily broken up into particles or flakes when chewed up with bread and biscuit. Naturally built, new comb might be compared to snow; bees- wax to ice. This illustration is too strong, but shovvs something what I mean The melting of the comb puts the particles of wax into closer connection, uniting them into one solid, homogeneous mass. Mr. Bingham has said that "butter is butter, but melted butter is x^/'^-a.?!?." The melt- ing destroys the granular charcacter of butter. If any one thinks that butter tastes anAfeels the same in the mouth after it has been melted and cooled, let him try melting some butter, and allowing it to cool, and then spread it upon some bread and try eating it. Ur. Miller savs that newly built comb isn't biittle. It isn't, when warm, if com- pared with .^/a'.w. This matter of brittle- ness is one of comparison. Glass is brit- tle as compared with cast iron, cast iron is brittle as compared with pine wood, pine is Virilile as conpared with hickory, etc. Don't confuse hardness with brit- tleness, Wronglit iron is nmch harder thnn a 'intmiv: y^-t I'ie latter is broken with a slight bend, while the former may be bent double without breaking. When we put a piece of naturally built comb into our mouth, and chew it up with a piece of biscuit, the comb breaks up in- to small particles or flakes, and mixes with the biscuit, as I have before mention- ed; not so with comb foundation. It forms into a "gob" f beg pardon ) it is tough and leathery, and refuses to break up into small flakes or particles. Bro. Root thinks that a man blindfolded, and fed pieces of comb honey taken promiscu- ously from sections that had been filled with thin foundation, and from naturally THE 8BE-KEEPBRS' REVIEW. 385 built comb, would be unable to disdn- guisb between tlie two. I have never tried this, but I know that when a sec- tion of naturally built comb has been giv- en to our children to eat, "all by them- selves," it has been all eaten up, "slick and clean;" if given a comb built upon foundation, the first cut disclosed the fishbone, and then spoonfuls would be scooped from the upper side, cutting down to the septum, until the "upper deck" had been cleared, when the comb would be turned over and the honey taken from the other side, leaving a tough, un- palatable sheet of ica.r. It was upon this ground, and this alone, that I opposed the deep-cell foundation — that the comb would be tough, and leath- ery, and lacking in the friability of natur- ally built comb. I am aware that the thicker the founda- tion the bigger the "gob" when we chew up the comb, but it will require proof to convince me that comb built upon foun- dation no thicker than the walls of natur- ally built comb, will be identical with the latter. <^rf^«^««. M^>i^ XI.\GARA FALLS. Three j-ears ago, when I visited the falls, it was from the American shore that I looked upon them. I also took a trip on the little steamer, the "Maid of the Mist," which gives the best possible view. Besides this, I went down the famous gorge route to Lewiston, fifteen miles be- low the falls. In this route the electric cars run down close by the rushing, tum- bling waters — so close in some places that the wind blows the spray over the passengers. After the Ontario conven- tion had adjourned, Bro. Root and my- self took a car that carried us to a point above the falls, upon the Canadian shore, and from there we walked down the shore until we again reached the vil- lage of Niagara Falls, which is perhaps two miles below the falls proper. Above the falls, we walked down to the water's very edge, and looked up the river. Im- agine a large field, one containing acres, and acres, and acres, slanting up gradual- ly and away from you, down over which the waters come roaring, tumbling, dash- ing, hurrying on for the final plunge, and lashing themselves into a foamy whiteness as they go; if you can call up such a picture you may get a faint idea of the view looking up the river above the falls. There is plenty of evidence that the rocks over which the water goes in a great, solemn, majestic curve are gradu- all}' wearing and crumbling away. What were once "horseshcje- falls" are now V- shaped, the center having worn back and fallen down. We walked out several rods upon rocks where the green waters had once gathered themselves for their final plunge. The Canadian government has taken great pains to beautify a park that ex- tends a long distance both above and be- low the falls. Upon a point about oppo- site to the American falls is a rustic sum- mer house, over the door of which, spell- ed out in rude letters of bark, are the words INSPIRATION POINT. Well named! It is doubtful if, in the whole world, a more inspiring view can greet the eye. Upon the American side the commer- cial spirit has predominated, and great factories stand upon the brink of the gorge, through the rocky walls of which tumbles the water that has turned the wheels above. Looking down upon the river as it nar- rows into the "rapids" just below the railroad bridge, it seems not more than four or five rods in width, yet we found it impossible to throw a stone farther than to the water's edge. When first thrown it seemed as though the stone might go half way across the stream. Down, down, it goes; and we begin to doubt its going quite so far. With difficulty the eye follows it as it goes into the bank a rod or two from the water. 1 believe Bro. Root landed one pebble in the water's edge. The height above the water is what deceives the eye as to its width and distance. 3.S6 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. EvXTRACTED. LARGE VERSUS SMALL HIVES. A Small Hive may be Best Even with a Pro- longed Flow. Upon another page in this issue, that most excellent bee-keeper, C. A. Hatch, of Wisconsin, gives his testimony in favor of a ten-frame L,angstrotli hive; and, very wisely, gives his reasons for this prefer- ence. I have no doiiot that the plan of moving to the outside the central combs containing the young larvae, would result exactly as he says it does. If the flow is short, those outside combs of sealed brood are practically dummies. Rather expensive dummies, to be sure, but not so expensive as it would be to leave the brood combs in the central part of the hive where brood would be replaced with brood right in the height of the harvest. This plan is the one followed by Chas. Koeppen of this place, and, by repeating the operation again in ten days, and cut- ting out queen cells, he practically over- comes swarming. Of course, all ot this work takes some time, and it comes at a busy season, and, if it could be avoided, it would be better. My own belief is that, for localities like Michigan, a small- er hive, one in which these manipulations are not needed, is better. I have admit- ted that my friends who contend for a large hive where the flow is prolonged may be coreect, but here is a man, Mr. M. A. Gill, who, I believe, once lived in Wiscon- sin, but now has his home in Colo- rado, that favors S-frame hives even where the flow is as long as 91 daN-s. Here is what he says in Gleanings: — A person can manage and care for more bees here run entirely for comb honey, during our long season, than in the Kast, where the honey season is so short and sweet. I have been trying liard for years to like a large hive; but this year has con- vinced me more than ever that I, at least, "can secure more surplus honey with an eight-frame hive than with any thing larger, especially where the season is as long as it is here. The honey-flow with me lasted 91 days, and 1 find it takes a good queen, even to her utmost, to keep an eight-frame hive well supplied with brood [as she innst) for that length of time. ]\Iy best colony for honey filled 12 24-lb. supers; 11 picked colonies in eight- frame hives made 100 24-lb. cases of hon- ey, while all my eight-frame hives aver- aged 173 lbs. of comb honey. I do not wish to open the controversy about large vs. small hives, but I candid- ly believe that, where a person intends to keep a large number of colonies, and where the season is as long as it is here, and where the owner intends to (and does) meet all the demands of the bees both fall and spring, and where there is female help, that, taking into considera- tion the cost of supplies, and the differ- ence in honey delivered, there is more real profit with eight-frame hives than any thing lander. The editor replies as follows: — With regard to the eighl-franie hive, I noticed that it is used very largely in Col- orado, although there was a tendency to use the ten-frame width; but the use of that size was confined almost exclusively to those who made the production of ex- tracted honey a specialty. There can be no doubt that the eight- frame Langstroth hive is well adapted to most localities in the United States. While some other size or style may excel it, yet on an average it meets fairly well the needs of most localities and most bee- keepers. And speaking about the size of hives, I am a little inclined to believe, from testimony that has been offered, that a seven-inch brood-chamber, ten- frame J^angstroth width, for the produc- tion of comb honey, is a little better, es- pecially if the honey-flows are very short, as they are in many places in the north- ern part of the United States. It is cer- tainly true that a small hive in any case is better for such localities than a large one, except, perhaps, in some instances where an out^-ard or two are used, and the bee-keeper can not keep some one to look after swarms. In such cases a large hive often finds favor. — P^D.J I too, have noticed the tendency to shallower hives and to more frames. I have also noticed the tendency to fixed frames. Takfen all in all, the tendency is drifting towards the Heddon hive. The Ileddon hive may not be adopted. A substitute may be accepted. But, in my THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 387 opinion, Mr. Ileddoii buiUled better than many gave him credit for when he invent- ed the hive that bears his name. For contraction and expansion, for tiering-up, for accomplishing a great many things without the handling of a frame, the Hed- don hive sia.i\ds />iirt\vtv//e!nT. CUBA AS A BEK COUNTRY, Also Soincthinii Regarding its Insects and Climate. Now that white-winged peace is again hovering over the "Queen of the An- tilles," enterprising young Americans with plenty of push and grit are casting longing eyes towards the nectar-laden fields of this sunny isle. Quite a number are already there; and, whether we "stay- at-homes" like it or not, it is quite prob- able that we may find, ere many years, that Cuban bee-keeping under Yankee management is far different from what it was in the dark days of Spanish rule. With these facts in mind, the following article, written by H. G. Osborn, and pul)lished in Gleanings, is of unusual in- terest. Mr. Osborn says: — After the lapse of four years, Septem- ber, 1900, finds me once more on Cuban soil. But what a sight meets the eye of the visitor if he takes a ride in the coun- try as I did a few days after my return ! Charred and crumbling ruins on every hand bear silent testimony of the awful ravages of war. That this fertile island, .so lavishly endowed with nature's wealth, should have been chosen by fate to be the slaughter-ground of tens of thousands of her brave sons between 1492 and 1900 seems indeed an underserved fate. That the nineteenth century will mark the dawn of an era of prosperity and free- dom for a young and deserving genera- tion, there can be no doubt. The soil over which has run so much blood, which three different armies have fought for, holds in its embrace vast wealth awaiting the advance of modern civilization. .Al- though we are only 90 miles from thi nearest point on the I'lorida coast, still in that distance great changes have taken place. We find a different climate and a far different people; a country that is very rich, and a climate that is compar- atively mild, with the exception of abr ut three months in midsummer, when one would almost wish he were in (ireenland, in hopes that the change would do him good. But we can not have climate and conditions made to order, and so I will venture to say that any man with a little money, and lots of push and persever- ance, willing to put up with a hot damp climate, and who is not afraid of flea-bites or sticky mud, can, I think, make a good living here now, as the price of every- thing is high, and there is an unlimited demand for everj'thing raised here at the present time. The bee-keeping industry, so far as I CRU find in the short time I have been back, is advancing quite rapidly. Sev- eral parties of northern capitalists have come here and started in the business on a large scale, knowing absolutely nothing about the climate or the difficulties to be overcome, some not even know ing a work- er from a queen, but fully aware of the fact that flowers produce honey, and that bees gather honey; and also, having read or heard some one sav that flowers grow profusely here, they thought by bringing a few thousand hives here, or buying them here, they can set them down any- where, and the bees will goto work and fill the hives with wealth, and all the owner.s have to do is to gather it and sell it. But one or two summers, when the moon gets just right for the moth to have its summer appetite, and the fast-spread- ing foul brood commences at the other end of his apiary, he will wish he were a boy again unless he knows just what to do and how to doit. The advi-sability of first coming here to vi.sit those of us who have large apiaries, offering a fair price for information that has taken us years to acquire; inquiring into and studying the conditions that go to make up a successful year or crop; acquainting oneself first with the most successful hive in use here, together with the other fixtures that go to make up a large apiary; the best strain of liees for a winter honev-flow, and many other im- portant hints that they might pfck up, which would be of vast importance to a beginner here, all of this had never been taken into consideration until it was too late, .\fter one has spent thousands of dollars, and brought here carloads of fix- tures which may be all right at home but not in Cuba, the sad truth dawns at last, and the new comer becomes fully aware of the fact that he has made a bad mis- take. He returns home and paints a dark picture of bee-keeping in Cuba among his friends, saying, "I have made 388 THE BEE-KEEPBW lUJVIEW. a miserable failure of it, lost all I put in- to it, and am thoroughly disgusted and discouraged. If you will profit bj- my sad experience you will staj' where you are. It is unmercifully hot; the fleas will eat you alive; it rains every day, and the ground is so sticky you can't step out of the house without sticking fast. Take my advice, and slay at home and leave well enough alone." That is about the way their story runs. Well, take my .idvice too — one who has lived here 12 years — and sta^- at home un- less vou first come here and find out which is the best, what are the difficulties to be battled with, how to best fight tiiem, whetlier or not yon like the climate, and the insects which find the rich red blood of the new comer, the very best stinuilant for a good appetite. When I hear of these big places starting up under perfect- ly green management with a liberal sprinklingof foul brood as a side dish, I merely shake niy head and feel the deep- est sympathy for them, for my long ex- perience here has taught me only too well what the ultimate result will be in nine cases out of ten. Remember, one hundred dollars may save you several thousand; that a reaction will come be- fore long is certain; then we shall see who are the successful ones. The surplus season is now at hand, and the bees are in the best condition I ever saw them at this time. They are fully two weeks ahead of what they used to be here on this range before the war. I shall commence extracting on Monday, October 15, ten days earlier than we ever commenced here, and that was the year we took 73,000 lbs. from 600 hives in five months. Cuba is in an excellent honey produc- ing country. There is no use in wasting space in discussing that point. It is lack- ing in roads and transportation facilities; also in the comforts of civilization and society as we understand them here in the I'nited States. Insect pests are no slight drawback to the enjoyment of life. The language is Spanish, Many things are entirely different from what they are here; and it is impossible for one to rea- lize these differences without having first at least visited the country. We who have families, and comfortable homes, and some good business here in the Uni- ted States better stay where we are; if any one IS to go to Cuba let it be j-oung men of enterprise with no families to leave behind. Of course there is foul brood in Cuba; so there is in this country. Italian bees seem to withstand the ravages of foul brood better than do the blacks. Possibly this is because they store honey at times when the blacks are idle, and foul brood does not make much headway when honey is coming in. The shipping of bees to Cuba has often been disastrous; but this has often been due to poor management. The time to ship bees from hereto Cuba is in the fall, after our honey harvest is over, and the weather is cool. No heavy combs of hon- ey should be sent, as they will be more easily broken down; besides, the harvest in Cuba begins in December and lasts until Ma)f or June. There must be abundant ventilation both above and be- low, and a space above the combs for the bees to cluster. In addition to this, the bees must be watered dailv. General Index to Volume XIII. INDEX TO SUBJECTS. Adulteration Case, the Hakes-Hetldon 157 Age of lar\-ie Chosen for queens 17 .\pis Dorsata, .\n .\ttempt to Imp rt :-323 Association and Co-operation the most hope- fnl field 190 Bait Sections versus Drawn Combs 159 Bait Combs 156 Barrels versus Tin Cans S6 Belgian Hares, beware of the Fairy Tales Re- garding 264 Belgian Hares, Some of the Profits that May be Expected from 221 Belgian Hares, Something on the other side . . 253 Belgian Hares and bees 198 Belgian Hares 156, 259 Beeswax. Rendering 54 Bee-Moths and Robbing 120 Bee-Escape for a Honey-House, An Efficient, 246 Bee-Kscapes. how to Clean 254 Bee-keeping a More Safe, Pleasant and Profit- able Pursuit, How to Make of 372 Bisulphide of Carbon 254 Black Brood, the Conclusions of Dr. Howard Regarding "8 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 389 niack upon Bees, KfTect of 20 Black Hiood 5' 34^ Black brood Ar s n^ from Imperfectly No r- ished Brood 75 Bleaching Comb Honey 34^ Bottles for Stakes to hives 155 Bottles of Honev, I'sing hot wax on the Corks of ■ 321 Brace Combs From Separators. Separa- ting 347 Brace Combs, how to Successfully Remove. . . . 222 Brood-Nest at the Opening of the Harvest, the, «5 1 Brood Diseased 262 I Brood Diseases,. Increase in 291 ' Buildings in the Apiary 24 , Buzz-Saws, Home-Made 52 Carbcilic .\cid 255 Carniolan l^ees 255 Cappiugs, Preventing the Bitingof 22.^ California's Honev kes..urces H7 Cans for Shipping honey 320 Capping?, Bees Biting 4° Candied Honey, Good Words for 16 Candied honey, Selling 56 Camera for making photos, for half-tones 21 Care of honey 297 Cellar Wintering. What uegite of winter-se- verity calls for 51 Clipping Queens 327 Closed- Ena Frames for a Gluej- Locality 11 1 Clrraps. Wintering Bees in 309 Clipping a queen's Wing 255 Clover. Developing Short-Tubed 294 Chemistry of honey and how to Detect Adul- teration 29-? Chicago Convention 2S9 Chunk honey of the South 344 Comb honev with Heddon hive, Production of ' lOI Compensation for Foul broody Colonies that are Destroved 113 Convention, Little Side-Dishes at the 224 Convention. Come to the 2.s,s Convention, the Chicago 224 Convention Reports 255 Cover, the Review's New 135 Co-operation Needed in Bee-Keeping 115 Combs Suitable for Brood Rearing, Are Ex- tremely Old 323 Coggshall and his Lightning Opera' ors, W. L-, 83 Color ( f Wax Effected by slow Cooling, Is the, i.so Colorado as a Bee-Conntiy 53 Colorado honey Producer's A.ssociation 45 Criticisms Regarding Foul Brood or Black Brood 49 Criticism to be Discontinued, Department of, 114 Culley. Death of C. P 349 Cuba,' its .advantages and Disadvantages as a Bee-Country 319 Decoy Bee hives T94 Delaware .Apiary, A Neat 342 Death of the FMitor's Father 325 Diseases Among Bees. Various Forms of 293 Drones, the Importance of 299 Editor Takes an Eastern Trip, the 349 Eggs, Bees Moving i,S Experience Comes from hasty Ventures, Cost- ly 74 Experiment to Prove the Age of Larva; Chcs- en for Queens 76 Flxperiments, Need of .Apicultural 351 Experiments, how can wc Secure More Uni- form 342 Exhibiting Bees and Honey at Fairs 245 Extracted Honey with S-frame hives, Produ- cing 69 Extracted Honey, its Production and Treat- ment 71 Extracted honey Production 5 Extracted Honey at a Good Profit, how to Produce 314 Extracted honey. Methods of Producing 37 Extracted Honey, Production. Care and Sale of 103 Fairs, Exhibiting Bees and Honey at 245 Fairs, Going to the 256 Feeding Bees 326 Fertile Workers, a new Theory Rej^ard.ng. ...112 Field, Which is the .Most Hopeful 116 Fly in Gathering Nectar, How far Bees ui:)v, 10 71. 15« Foul Brooiiy Colonies that are Destroyed, Compensation for 87 Foti) Brood Law. Undesirable Features of Micliigdu's 117 Foul IJruo !y Honey, Danger Iroui the Impor- tation and Shipping of 13S Fonnda'Lioii, Comb 2.9 Food V.i)ue of Honey 14 Glass Cheaply, How to get 347 Gobacks, Dr. Miller's 228 (iobbiness in Comb Houty, Cause of 323 Golden Sj stem of Producing Comb Ilo.iey . . ..347 Cirading.'Packiug and Shijjping Honey..' .41 Grading Honey ,34s Grea.sy Sections 114 Grapes When Bees are on the Bunches, Gath- ering 51 Hatching Chickei s 111 a liee-Hi\e 21,6, 317 Hiving Swarms 199 Hives and iranies, Si-e ot 2^6 Hives and Pniper Man igement in Pro^.uciug Comb Honey, The Size of 48 HorticultU'ist, 'V'alue of Bees to the 87 Horticulture and Bees 156 Honey Dew 254 Honey Dew in Winur 20 Honey Makers, tlie 55 Improve your Stock I'y .S leciion 191 Impm tcU Qiie;ns aie Drrk 322 Improvement of Bees .n the Diiectioii of Non-Sw.irmina: 1^9 Improvement in B-^es 46 Improvement in Stock the Mo.st Hopelul Field 1S6 Introducing Queens 223, 256, 263 Introducing Queens by the Hatching Brood Plan 310 Int;ov2ucii:g Queens by the Use of Tobacco Smoke 251, 311. 321, 359 loirnals, Treatment of New Bee 227 Langstroth Monument 321 Lateral Communication in Supers Secures a Better Filling of Sections 343 I^a-.vsuit, A Fee and Peach _34S Lilting of Hives .Avoided, the Heavy 153 L > ided in a Wagon, how Honej' Should be, 350 Location, Influence of 282 Locnl'ty, Consider well the 13 Locality and Attend Slrictlj- to Jiusiiiess, Know your 2.S5 Locality, Both high and Low Land Needed in an Ideal ?y^ Locality', Some of the Influeiicesof 2M Locality and Management 280 Locality, the Influence of 223 Locality, .Some of the Features of Uee-Ke^- ing that are F^ffec'el by 278 Locality, How one man Understands his 2f>7 Mandeibanm's .Article in the Dec. Review, Comments on Mr. 44 Medicated Syrup, Feeding Bees 322 Measuring up Dead Bees 113 Michigan in it, too Much 115 Moving a Carload of I5ees in November 318 Moving Bees to I'all Pastures 213 Moving Bees in Winter 196 New Inventions, More 232 Newton, Home of John 25 Neglects in the .\piarj' Effect the Profits, how Little 353 Non-Swarming Hives 33 Noisy in the Cellar, why Bees are 112 Nuisance, ISce-Keepingasa 292 Organization, Co-operative 291 Organization The Benefits of 41 Oul-.Ap'aries, FZstablishing 39 Out -.Apiary Managing an 277 Out-.Apiaries with no Honey-House, Manag- ing 250 390 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 146 .248 216 157 Overstocking 54 Paim, a Cheap but Durable 256 Packages for Shipping Honey zkii Peddling Honey, Some Points in 324 Phonetic Spelling ^22 Prices of hives are too high 140 Protection that is Novel, Cheap and Effective, Spring • 105 Queen, hunting for a 223 Queen-Excluder, A Novel 161 Queen-Traps 137 Queen-Buyers, how ihey Sometimes Mis- judge the Breeders 159 Queen Cells Separable 141 Queen Hrec'ers' Troubles 349 Queen Rearing Details told in Plain L,angii- age 143 Queen Rearing, The Best Size Frame for 145 Queen Rearing in all of its Detaits, Ci mmer- cial Queen Breeders' Association. The National.. Queen Cells even During a Dearth of honey, (ietliiig Cfcod Oneen Cellsin that Part of the hive Where the Queen Can't go. Why Queens in Shipment, Right age of Bees to Accom.pany Queens, Surencir Breeding 57 Queens are Poor When Bees Choose tlic I,ar- vte, why 22 Quotations,' honey 156 Resolutions, Infiiience of 323 Retailing Extracted honey 289 Releasing Queens at Night 157 Robber Bees 230 Robbing, Bee Moths and 120 Schoolchildren, Talking bees and honey to.. 12 Seasonable Articles 356 Secretion of Wax 324 Sections, Shall we adopt the Tall 38 Sections, Tall 54, 107 Section-Press. McCartney 83 Seel ions. Starting bees in 159 .Selling honey 260 Selling honey in Poor Years 330 Selling Cand'ed honey ■ =,6 Shipping C; sss, Doiit:Ie-Deck 348 Shipping honey. Some Points in I40 Shipping Queens 289 Sincke 1- ffect'iig honey 2S8 Smoke Iiijuies the Flavor of honey 321 Spelling. Wondei s of our 113 Spring Management and honey Production. . 108 Spring Management of bees 89 Stores in the Fall, Estimating the Amount of. 80 Stai"\-ed lirood 114 Striking at Cross bees 195 Stimulative Feed ngof th 'bees in the Sj ring, 110 Stores for Wintering bees. Good 357 Survival of the Fttfst 49 Stiperantiated bees that die in W liter. Amount of 52 Suppositions are of Small Value 50 .Swarming, Producing Comb and Extracted honey W ithout any 158 Swarms. Managing of 137 .Svslcni for Managing 182 .sV'stem, Advantages of a 196 Temveratureof the cluster in Winter 12 Tongued bee?^, breeding for Ill<>wiii({ rnlns for KrAdiiiK honpy were adopted by the North Amfrican Boe - Keepers' Association, at its Washiiijtton meeting, and, so far as poesilile, quotations are made according to ttiese rales . Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, i>f even tliicknoss, and firmly attaclied to all four Hides : both wood and fombnn«oilpd by frnvol-sTnin.or othpfwi^n ; all the colls Hwaled except the row of chIU next the wool. No. 1. — All sections well fillod. bnt '•omhn nn- f>ven or rrookod, df^tachofl at thi* bottom, or with hut few cells nn-ealud; both wood and comb uusoiled by travel Bt.iiu or otherwise. In addition to thia tho honey in to he ■■Uxiaifled acc'irdinjr lo color. U8iin» the torniH while, .uMbei anil (iark. That in. therp ■ ill he " fancy w hit»»,'" No. 1, dark."' <*tf The prices given in the following quotations are those at which the dealers sell to the gro- cers. From these prices must be deducted freight, cartage and commission- the balance being sent to the shipper. Commission is ten per cent.; except that a few dealers charge only five per cent, when a shipment sells for as much as one hundred dollars. CHICAGO — We quote as follows: Fancy white, 16; No. I white, 14 to 15; fancv amber, 12 to 13; No. I amber, 10: fancy dark. 10; No. i dark. S; white, extracted, 7;'2 to 8; amber, 7; dark, 6}4 to iih'. beeswax, zS. R. A. BURNETT & Co., Nov. 19. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, 111. CHICAC.O — F.Tncy while comb honey, \f<: ctn. ( »ther grades of white, as to quality and packiige. 14 and 15. .Amber. 12 to 14: biirkwheat. 10 to 12, Extracted wliite we are selling at s, dark, 7. Beeswax, 2y. S. T. FISH & CO., Dec. IS. 1R9 So. Water St., Chicago, Ills. NEW YORK -There is a good and steac'y demand for all grades of comb honev but veiy little is coming into this market. If produrers have any on hand we advise marketing it at once. We quote as follows- Fancy white com!) honey. I.S to 16: No. I white. 14; No. 2, 12 'o 13: buck- wheat. II to 12; beeswax firm and in good de- mand 2S. No large demand for buckwheat ex- tracted as yet, some sales being made at 55'2 cts. FRANCIS H. LEGGETT & CO. Nov. 21. W. Broadway Franklin ^ Varick St.«. NEW York —Good demand for all g; a les of comb honey, and fa r demand for exiracted. Supply fairly good considering shortage. Uees- wax firm. We quote as follows; Fancy white, 16: No. I white 14 to 15; fancy amber, ly. No. i amber, 12; fancy dark, 11; No. "1 dark, lo- white, extracted, 8: amlier, 7 to 7^4; dark, 5 J^ to 6; beeswax, 28. HILDRETH & SEGELKEN, Nov. 20. I30 W^st Broadway, New York. BUFFALO- Prices have been held too high and some dealers are stuck and we dont advise seiKling here if more than quotations can be got elsewhere. We quote as follows: Fancy while, 13 lo 16; No. I while. 13 to 14; fancy amber, 10 to 12; fancy dark, 9 to 10; beeswax, 25 to 2K. BATTERSON & CO. Dec. 15. 167 & 169 Scott St., Buffalo, N. Y. KANSAS CITY— Receipts are light, and de- maud is firm at prices gA-en We advise ship- nienls. We do not look loi much if any decline in market for some time, ns it seems that near- ly all of the honey has been marketed. We quote as follows: Faucv while, 1510 is'i: No. i white, 14 to i.s; fancy 5mber, 13 to 14; .No. i am- ber, ir to 12; fan -y daik, 9; white exiracted, 8 lo 9: amber, 7 to 7'/2; dark, 6^4 10 7; beeswax, 22 to 26. W. R. CROMWELL FRUIT & CIDER CO., Nov. 19. 423 Wahnit St.. Kansas Ciiy. Mo. — If yon wish ihe bpfl. low-priced — TYRE - WRITER, A'riie to the editor of the Kbvikw. lie has an Ddi^ll, taken in payment for advertising, and he wonlil be f)leasf>d to hmhcI dowcriptive circnJars or to correhpoDd wilh anyone thinking of bu>- int^nnrh a machine. Has Arrived. The time has now arrived, when bee-keepers arc looking out for their queens, and supplies, and your name on a postal card, will bring you prices of qneens, bees, nuclei, bee supplit ,-;, aiid a catalogue giving full particulars, w-itli a full tre itise, on how to rear queens, and bee-V:eeping for profit, and a sample copj' of "The vSouthland Queen," the only bee paper published in the Soiuh. All free lur the aski:ig. 3-99-tf THE JENNIE ATCHLHY CO., Beeville, Bee Co. Tex.is. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of difToroui t>L.\ios ami siz 'b, made by ('. W. .'oF,ti'llow and I should be).|easeil tf> mm d sam- ples aiid prices to any intern ling to buy ca^es, W. Z. flUTOJiiNBON. Flint, Mich. THE A. I. ROOT CO,. 10 VINE ST., RHIL.ADEL.RHIA. PA BEE - SURRUES. Direct steamboat and railroad line.s to all doints, We want lo save you freight. 392 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. This is the Flint Belgian Hare Rabbitry, the home of the celebrated bucks Palace Gold, imported Britian Pride, son of Lord Britian, and Kahiki Prince our new imported buck, son of some of England's most famous champions. Our stock of imported and domestic hares is the most complete of any Rabbitry in Michigan. If 3'ou want the finest stock and the lowest prices. Write us at once. The Flint Belgian Hare Association, Flint, Mich. Our Full Specialties Are your Fall Necessities — SHIPPING CASES, FIVE GALLON CANS, DANZ CAR- TONS, AND CASH OR TRADE FOR BEESWAX-^. Send for Catalog. M H. HUNT & SON, Eell Branch, Mich- Phase mention the Reuieui. — If you are mnua to — BUY A Bl^ZZ- SAW, write to the oilitor of the Kkvikw. He lias a Qew BarnoH saw to swll auil viuuid be ^laU to 'iiakf von happv h.\ telliuii iou tlie price at wliicli lio woiilii sell it. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 393 HOW THE DEALER HELPS. When 3'our hone}- is ready for the market your trouble is but half over. The next thing is to sell it to advantage. That is where we can help you. We can't produce a pound of honey in a year, but we sell many car-loads every 3'ear. We know when to sell hone}^ and where to sell it. If you consign your honey to us, your interests become ours, and we are in communication with ever^^ part of this land where honey is in demand. If 3-ou prefer to sell outright, we are in the market for buying, in any quantity, for cash. Francis H. Leggett & Co. \V. Broadway, Franklin and \'arick Sts. New York. Oueeiis. W. H. Laws has moved his entire apiaries to Round Rock, Texas, where he will rear queens the com- ing season. The Laws strain of faultless, 5 - banded Italians are still in the lead. Breeding queens of this strain, $2. so each. He also breeds leather-colored, from impor- ted mothers. Tested queens, either strain, Ji.oo; 6 for 55.00. Untested, 75 cts.; 6 for 114.00. W. H. I^aws, Round Rock, Texas. t'lv.l-.e mrnlion th^ Hruirw ■WANTED HONEY Would like to hear from parties hav- ing honey to ofTer. Wanted Extracted Clover and Basswood. such as suitable for bottling trade: also Fancy White Comb-Honev in no-drip shipping cases. I PAY PROMPTLY ON UELIVHRY, and refer you to the A. I. Root Co . or The Brighton German Bank of Cincinnati, Ohio. c. H. u'. ^yEIi£:R, 2146 Central .Ive., Cincinnati, Ohio. Plma»« mantion tha Reulsia. I Exhibition Hives. I shall probably make no more exhibitions of bees and honej' at fairs I have too many other irons in he fire. I have about a dozen nucleus exhibition hives that I would sell for 50 cents each. They are nicely made, with glass in one side and wire cloth on the other. Six of them are painted a bright verniillion and the others a bright lilue. They are of the right size for tak- ing one Langstroth frame. They cost $i.co each to make them. I also have about 100 of the old-style Heddon super, of the right size to use on an 8-frame, dovetailed hive. This is the best super there is if no seperators are used. They cost 20 cents each to make them when lumber was cheap. They are well painted and just as good as new, but I would sell them at 15 cents each. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Bee - Supplies. Root's goods at Root's prices. Pou- der's honey jars. Prompt service. Low freight. Catalog free. Walter S. Pouder, 512 Mass. Ave,, Indianapolis, Indiana. Only exclus've bee-supply house in Lad. PluasK mention the Review. 394 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Special Offers. Gleanings in Bee Culture IS AX ILLUSTRATED SEMI-MONTHLY, 32 PAGES AND COVER AT j-i.oo A YEAR. Offer No. 35. (See back cover page.) Offer No. 24. If you order fio.rxD worth or more of goods from our catalog at regular prices, or from our advertised dealers, if you give us name of dealer, paying cash for them, for 50 cents more you can have Gleanings for one year. Offer No. 25. For $1.00 we will send Gleanings one year and a Clark smoker, postage 20 cents extra. Or, for $1.2^ we will send the Corneil smoker, postage 25 cents extra. Offer No. 27. For fr. 75 we will send Gleanings one year and our No. i Shoe Repairing Out- fit, by freight or express, not prepaid. Offer No. 36. Gleanings i year and A B C of Bee Culture, 1900 edition, for #1.75. Post- paid. Offer No. 37. Gleanings to yourself t.vo years, or to two names one year, and Post Fountain Pen, all for 1:2.50, or Pen, your subscrip- tion, and two new subscribers to Glean- ings for ^3.00. Clubbing Rates. As an inducement for our subscribers to renew promptly, which saves us con- siderable time, we offer the following rates for Gleanings one year and a year's subscription to any of the following pa- pers at prices named. For One Dollar Only. Gleanings and your choice of the fol- lowing: Northwestern Agriculturist, American Poultry Journal, Reliable Poultry Journal, Agricultural Epitomi.'-t, American Poultry Advocate, Farm and I'ireside, Poultry Monthly, Poultry Keeper, Farm and Home, P'arm Journal, Farm Poultry. For One Dollar and Ten Cents. Gleanings and your choice of the fol- lowing: Practical Farmer, Michigan Farmer, Kansas Farmer, Ohio r^armer, Indiana P'armer. For|i.25. — Gleanings and Rural New- Yorker, (rleanings and Woman's Home Companion. Gleanings and National Stock- man and Farmer. For 1 1. 50. — Gleanings and Cosmopolitan or McClure's Magazine, or American Gardening, or N. Y. Christian Herald. For I2.00. — Gleanings and Country Gen- tleman, or Pacific Rural Press. For I2.50. — Gleanings and Review of Reviews. For I3.00. — Gleanings and Scribner's Magazine or Scientific American. Old as well as new subscribers may take advantage of these several offers, but all arrears or back subscriptions must FIRST be paid at fli.oo a year. Refer to the special offers by number to avoid mis- takes. The A. I. ROOT CO. Medina, 0. THE BEB-KEEPERS' REVIEW 395 Quality, Promptness, We have the best mechanics that mon- ey can hire; the best machinery that mon- ey can buy. We use the liollow-ground, smooth-cutting, rip and cut-off saws and the work is fine. We have many special machines adapted to securing the best possible finish with the least possible labor. We buy the best grade of of lumber direct from the mills. We make every device the bee-keeper invents for profit and ease in manipulation of bees. We carry large stocks all the time. We want your trade. We want to hear from you whether you buy or not. No trouble to answer questions. Please write us. We are very prompt shippers. We know that you order goods because you want them". We make up a large supply during the winter and pack them in standard packages. 500 sections in a crate and 5 brood chambers in a package, 5 supers in a package. In this way we can handle a large business in a short time. No annoying delavs. The business out-grew its humble quarters, and, in iH^J, a stock company was formed and the business moved to H.idson, Wis., where the 560,000 plant of a defunct furniture company was bought at a bargain, thus .securing abundant pow- er, room and machinery. The floor space of our factory is 15,620 square feet. One ware house has 30,000 square feet all under roof. With the view to making it an object to Wisconsin and Minnesota bee-keepers to trade witli us we have revised our prices, and call your attention to the fact that we are ofTering you as good a class cf goods at a price delivered at your railroad Price. station as other dealers will ask you at their home office. By a comparison of catalogs you will be able to verify this statement. The reasons why we can do this are many. We are in a timber region where lumber is cheapest. We conduct our business personally, and have no high salaried officers. We have no branch houses or agents with their attendant ex- penses. We sell the goods to you as near the cost of production as good business will allow. Our competitors in St. Paul and Minneapolis are buying their section lumber in Wisconsin and their bee-hive lumber in Canada, Michigan or Wiscon- sin as the case may be, and paying freight on the raw product to their eastern and southern factories, the result is that their section lumber is costing them 53.00 to I5.00 per 1000 more than ours is costing us; and their bee-hive lum- ber is costing them 54.00 to 58.00 more per 1000 feet than ours is costing us; then they carload the stuff to their branch houses and have to add the freight and cartage to and from their store-houses and pay an agent his commission, all of which expense we do not have. Hudson is the land of saw mills and cheap lumber, and the best quality of white pine, for hives, and the choicest of white winter-sawed basswood for sec- tions can be bought at very low prices. The Interstate Box & Mfg Co. also makes boxes and crates and is thus able to utilize the dark lumber and waste. A dry kiln insures a supply of thoroughly seasoned lumber. On all Orders of $10.00 or More We Pay the Freight. INTERSTATE BOX & MFG CO., Hudson, Wis, 39^ THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Longest Tongues ! For two years I have been advertising and sellitig a superior strain of bees. I knew that they were really superior, that they stored more honey than any other strain of bees with which I was acquain- ted, and that others who had tried them had the same report to make; 1 knew that they were gentle and hardy, as well as in- dustrious, but just ivhy they should store more honey I was unable to decide. It is possible that I do not now know why, but, at last I have got a hint — they have very long tongues. The average length of bees' tongues is 16-100 of an inch, while these b^es have tongues 23-100 of an inch in length. Only one other report has been ma le of bees having tongues of this length. This breeder, who has been fur- nishing me queens, has been breeding this strain of bees for more than 20 years, always selecting the best to breed from, and, for this reason, this trait, or peculiar- ity, that of having long tongues, must have beco;ne fairly well fixed — much more so than in that of some chance sport. The discovery of this reason for their superiority is the source of consider- able satisfaction to me. Heretofore, I could only assert that the bees were sup- erior, that they would store more honey, but I could giye no reason why, except that this trait had been de- veloped by years of selection and careful breeding; now I can say why, or, at least, give a reasonable reason why. I wish to repeat what I have already said several times, viz., that it is impossi- ble for a bee-keeper to invest a small sum of money to '^etter advantage than by in- troducing this strain of bees into his apiary It will repay him a hundred fold — perhaps a thousand fold. In ad- dition to their known length of tongue, there are also the additional traits of har- diness, and gentleness — something well worth considering. To those who are thinking of trying this strain of bees, I would say don't wait until next spring before sending in your order. Last spring, when I began send- ing out queens, there were orders on my books for nearly 200 queens. Orders are already coming in to be filled next spring. They will be filled in rotation, so, if you wish to get a queen next spring, send in your order this fall. The price of a queen is $1.50; but safe arrival, safe introduc- tion, purity of mating and entire satis- faction are all guaranteed. The queen can be returned any time within two years, and the money refunded, and 50 cents additional sent to pay for the trouble. The Review one year, and a queen, for only f 2.00. Woodland, Ills., Nov. 20, 1900. Mr. W. Z. Hutchinson — Can any more of those queens be purchased of you next season The one I bought of you last June out-stripped everything in this vicinity. Asa breeder, she certain- ly capped the climax of anything that ever came under my observation in the bee line. And her offspring— well, they are simply marvelous as workers. From her colony, in September, I extracted 65 lbs. of honey of the finest quality; and, remember, the honey season here was a very poor one. There are a number of apiaries in this vicinity, and I do not know of one that will average 10 lbs. per colony. And 1 want to add rignt here that the cappings of the honey in this colony were of snowy whiteness; and, to day, as I put this colony in winter quarters, I find the eight combs well filled and capped with that same snowy whiteness that was so conspicuous in the supers. I stand ready to chal- lenge any apiarist in this locality to produce bees the equal of these as honey gatherers. Two of my friends wish to get queens of this strain, and I certainly want more of them if they can be gotten. Yours respectfully, C. E. Al'RICK. W. I. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Michigan. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW 397 . W%. A^4 ■■IT'*. J>^ 'it ,V^ %i, J^ / A ♦ ■ ♦ ♦ ♦ ■ ♦ ♦''♦♦'♦" OODS and ENDS I am about to move to my new house, which is on a small lot with streets on three sides of it, and I shall he compelled to give up the keeping of bees I have a few odds and ends that I wo\ild like to dispose of. I have a two basket, second-hand, Ferris wax extractor that cost Sy.oo when new. I will sell it for j,5 56. I have a new Ferris, single-basket wax extractor, list price J,v5<\ would sell for J2 50. I have a new, Doolittle, solar wax extractor, list price >3.6o, would sell it for $2.50. 1 have ten dozen, i-pound. square, flint glass, Muth jars with corks, worth 50 cents a dozen, new, would sell at 30 cents a dozen. There are four dozen of the sanie kind of jars, only they hold two pounds instead of one and cost 62 cents a dozen when new I would sell them at 43 cents a doz^n \V. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint . - . - Mich. Ww': m i M fm. 9 9 This is the otnj.^nal one-piece section-man who furnishes one- piece sections as follows : — 500 sections, f r.88; 1,000 for ^3-25; 3,000 for I8.90; 5,000 for J13.00; 10,000 for J22.60. No. 2 sections are not made to order, but when in stock are sold at 1 1. 80 per M. J. FORNCROOK, Watertown, Wisconsin. ^i^£jQQL/..^...:..,*.. -♦ ./.aa 6 Usten ! Take my advice and buy your bee supplies of August Weiss; he has tons and tons of the very finest ever made; and he sells it at prices that cfc fy competition ' Working wax into foundation a specialty. Wax wanted at 26 cents cash, or 28 cents in trade, delivered here. Millions of Sections — polished on both sides. Satisfaction guaranteed on a full line of Supplies Send for catalogue and be your own judge. A VG. W:^ISS, Hortonville, Wisconsin ♦ 4 ♦ >i — It tb >> IflEi Is mentioned wh^-n nn.swerinx an advertisement in iit cohimii" a favor is conferred upon botn the publishei and the ad\ertis- er. It helps the fonner by rais- ing his journal in the estima- tion of the adverti.ser: and it en- ables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most pnjfitable. If you would help the Review, be sure and say " I saw your advertisement in the Review." when writing to advertisers. 4 k ► ♦ .j» . ♦ ♦ . ♦ > ♦ ,♦ ♦ ■ ♦ ♦ n» 398 THE BEB-KEEPFK.S' REVIEW Fktorg For some seven or eight y ars I have been working with a camera. I have read books and journals on \ hotography, and studied the sub- jcci something as we bee-keeperR study bee- keeping. I have learned that there is ;x differ- euce between a view and a picture The latier mus not only please the eye, must appeal to oiir love of the beautiful and the picturesqu , but it must al o TELL us SOMETHING. It must awaken thought; n ust suggest more than is shown. Then there must be technical perfection. We mus' I ot have our attention distracted, or our pleasure niari ed, by bungling workmanship. Not once in a thousand times do we get a "chance picture.'' A real picture is studied over, and thought out, and planned, and exLsts in the mind of the artist long before he puts hand to the camera; which is simply 1 he tool that aids him in pu ting his ideas into tangib e, visible form. The more sk Uful the handling of the camera, the more perfect the knowledge regarding the processes of dtvelopiiig, printing, toning, etc., the more clearly and beautifully can the artist picture his ideas. Of the hundreds of views that I have taken, perhaps a few might be fairly entitled to the honor of being called pictures. There are four, in pa ticular, at which I never tire of gazing and I often wish that my friend , the readers of the Review, might enjoy them with me I have thought about this so much, how subscribers might delight in having upon their walls pic- tures ninde b.. their editor's own hand, that I have decid d to describe these pictures, and al- low my friends the opportunitj- of securing them. THE OLD MILL DAM. At the bottom of a deep gorge, its banks lined with thrifty lindens, drooping elms and dark green pines, somebodj-. years ago, built a high dam, with a mill close beside it, just above where a brook went tumbling down over a series of rocky ledges. The water comes down over the dam in thin hheets here and ttiere, so thin thnt its liquid clearness can be seen, almost felt, and then, in filmy whiteness, goes dashing from one ledge of rocks to another into a limpid pool at their feet. In some places the black rocks can be seen through the delicate, white, misty veils of water that hang in front of them. The dark holes up in under the big timbers forming the flume that carries the water to the mill are such as might awaken strange, weird fancies in an .mag^iuative mind. In sheltered nooks about the old mill with its broken windows, robins build their nests, and, at evening, warble their vespers from the withered limbs of a tall, dead pine standing near. Over all is the golden sun shine, throw ng into bold relief all thing- upon whicli it falls, making beautiful contrn.sl.- with objects left in the shade, and filling the very .\ir with its vi-armth and brightness. IN THE SWEET SPRINGTIME. This is a scene in an old apple orchard, taken at that season <,f the year when the whole coun- try is one blush of bloom, filling the air with a fragrant sweetness; when fleecy clouds float lazily evergreen meadows, and, from topmost boughs, happy birds are cheering their mates sitting patiently upon nests hidden away among the branches be ow. Under foot the new grass is yet soft and tender, and the wide-spreading branches of the apple trees are almost hidden by the masses of pink and white promises of future fruitfulness. Almost instinctively, in looking at this picture, the bee-keeper listens for the hum of the bees. WHERE THE SUNSHINE LOVES TO LINGER. In Michigan, fifty miles north of Detroit, lies a farming country delightfully picturesque. Hills and valleys, cultivated fields and green meadows, clumps of evergreens and .scrub-oaks, little gems of lakes and babbling brooks, big red barns and comfortable farm-houses, all com- bine in making a picture of comfort and con- tent upon which the sunshine loves to linger. I,ast July I packed mj' camera, took the train for Davisburg, Oakland County, and was fortu- nate enough to fine a characteristic view just as the sun, very reluctantly, was giving up the Ian .scape to the coming twilight. In the fore- ground is a hay field, and the long shadows cast by the hay cocks and clumps of bushes show most conclusively that the sunshine clings as long as possible to the lovely scene with its brook, and lake, and hills, and farm-buildings, and beautiful, dreamy, white clouds overhead. FAREWELL SUMMER. Corn in the shock, big yellow pumpkins on the ground, goldenrod blooming in the fence corners, brown leaves falling from the maples, a mellowness in the sunshine that gilds the ripened corn, all proclaim that the reign of sum- mer is ended. . Into these pictures I have put my whole heart; spending days in selecting the scenes and THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 399 the best points of view; in deciding upon the l>est time of day, and even the kind of a daj', in which to make the different exposures. I would go more into detail in describing these pictures, but to every customer I will al- low the privilege of returning pictures for any cause whatsoever. It would be no pleasure to me to have a friend keep a picture that he did not care for. With me this is not wholly a mat- ter of dollars and cents — p'ide, and sentiment, and friendship will enter largely itito the trans- action. The pictures are .S i lo inche*; in size, prinied upon Arisio PlatitKi paper, which has a matt surface and is absolutely fadeless, mounted up- on hea\'j-, 10 X 12, carbon-black mounts, and sent by mail thoroughly protected from injury. They are suitable to be framed and hung in the home of any bee-keeper. PRICES. The price of a single picture will be 75 cents; or I will send the Review one year and one pic- ture for onlj' I1.50. Two pictures will be sent for only $1.25; or I will send the Review one year and two pictures for only $2.00. Three picttires will be sent for only Ji.ys: o; I will send the Review one year and Ihree piclinxs for only 52. .511. The whole four pic'.urcs will be sent lor only $2.25; or I will send the Review one year and the four pictures for only S3. 00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MICH.GAN, A ^JFfere we are to the Front for igoo with the new Champ/on Chaff - Hive, a comfortable home for the bees ill summer and winter. \\'e al- so carry a complete line of other supplies. Catalog free. R. H. SCHMIDT &C0., 9-99- tf. Shebo3'o;an, Wis MY GOLDEN AND LEATHER - COLORED Italian Queens Are bred for bu.siness and beauty. I furnish queens to the leading queen breeders of the U. S., and have testimonials from .satisfied customers in the V . S. and foreign lands. Give me a share of your orders — they will be filled promptly. Tested queens, before June ist, S'-.So each. .4fter June ist, tested queens, either strain, 5i 00 each; untestcframe, J2.50; three-frame, $3.25. 4-(MI-tf FOR SALE, Extracted Hone\ T I'Voni Utah and Colorado. White in col- or. vSixty-pound cans, ( 2 cans in case) S cents per pound. If less than 5 cases we charge 25 cents cartage to depot. Guaranteed pure. S. T FISH & CO., i,S(, South Water St. (Established 24 years.) Chicago, Ills. FOR SALE Apiary of 40 colonies o f Golden Italia ns, in lo-franie Dooliiile ■ ii.i«« I.I1.1.I I 11 r>«.K» hives, together wiih fixtures. Kverything up to date. Also beautiful buildings, consisting of S-rooni, 2-story dwelling, barn and other o>it- buildings. Peach and pear trees, grapes, etc., in bearing. No disease. Ilealthv cl mate Mild winters. No better locality to be had than this to those who desire to emV)ark in the bee busi- ness. Average yield of surplus honey, 50 pounds to the colony. Photographs sent to "tliose inter- ested. J. W. .MIXER, Ronda. \. C. J. "W, MINER, Konda, N. C. ;/.. jn the fievieta BEE-HIVES AND HONEY-BOXES, in car lots — wholesale or retail. Now is the time to get prices. We are the people who manufacture strictly fir.st-class goods and sell them at prices that def^' com- petition. Write us today. Interstate Box 6c Manufacturing Co., Hudson, Wis. 400 THB BEE-KEBPBRS' REVIEW. A\2^r}y Irnprovernerjt? Tbis Yeeir. We have made many improvements this 3'ear in the manufacture of bee-supplies. The following are some of them : Our hives are made of one grade better lumber than heretofore, and all that are sent out under our new prices will be supplied with separators and nails. The Telescopic has a new bottom board which is a combi- nation of hive stand and bottom board, and is supplied with slatted, tinned separators. The Higginsville Smoker is much improved, larger than heretofore, and better mate- rial is used all through. Our Latest Process Foundation has no equal, and our highly polished sections are superb indeed. Send five cents for sample of these two articles, and be convinced. The Daisy Foundation Fastener — well, it is a daisy now, sure enough, with a pocket to catch the dripping wax, and a treadle so that it can be worked by the foot. Tb^ Heddor? Hive. Another valuable adjunct to our manu- facture is the Heddon Hive. Wo do not hesitate to say that it is the best all round hive ever put upon the market; and we are pleased to state that we have made arrangements with INIr. Heddon to the end that we can suppl}' these hives; and the right to use them goes with the hives. Honey Extractors. Our Honey Extractors are highly orna- mental, belter manxifactured; and, while the castings are lighter, they are more durable than heretofore, as they are made of superior material. Tb^ Pro^r^j^iv^ B^^^-K^^p^r. Last, but not least, comes the Progressive Bee-Keeper, which is nuxch improved, being brimful of good things from the pens of some of the best writers in our land; and we are now making of it more of an illustrated journal than heretofore. Price, only 50 cts. per year. Send for a copy of our illustrated catalogue, and a sample copy of the Progres- sive Bee-Keeper. Address E&5t St. Uou'S, Ills. LEAHY A\fg. 60., January, 1900. At Fliqt, Micl^igaq — Oqe Dollar a Year, flDVEHTISIflG l^flTES. AU advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch. Discounts will be given as follows : Oil 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6 times. 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 6 ) per cent. QQSQBQQiaQISiaiaQQQiaiaQBSilSQQQQQ . J1.75 . . 1.75 . . 1.75 135 .. 1.10 .. 1 75 ..175 .. 1.10 . . 1.75 .. 1.85 . 8..50 .. 4.50 .. 1.65 .. 1.75 .. 1.75 .. 3.50 ... 1.25 . . 3.15 .. 4.10 .. 4.20 . .2 35 ... 3 50 .. 1.90 , . . 1 75 Clubbing Liist. 1 will send the Review with— Gleanings, (new) ($1.00).. American Bee Journal (new) ( l.i'i").. Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00).., Progressive Bee Keeper ( ..50) . . American Bee Keeper ( .50) The Southland Queea ( 1.00) . . Ohio F. rmer ( 1.00) Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5i').. Farm P-.uItry (1.00) . Ruial New Yi)rker . . ..(1.00).. Fr-ink Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . The Century . . ( 4.00) . . Michigan Farmer ( 1.00) . . Prairie Farmer (100).. American Agriculturist (100).. The ln<|. pend«. t (New York) (3.00).. Ladies' World ( 40).. Couttry Gentleman ( 2.50).. Harper s Mag.i«ine ( 4.0 0 ■ Harper's Wef-kly ( 4 00) . . Youths' Co- panion (new) ( .75) . Sorihner's Magazine , ( 3.00).. Cosm.'po.itan ( l.Oii)-- Success, (1.00). It will h^ notice 1 that in order to f ecure these rates on Gleanings, American Bee J'Ji^^■•^■•i:*J••^*■•^■•;:*^■•■i■•••■^^^^ M ^ W I Foundation I heCtlOnS ^ ••■.*•'•• •."•v.: i m •••■■: By the new Weed Process is made in the best manner, up- on the best machines, and from the best wax — that free from dirt, pollen, propolis, burnt wax, etc., that decrease its tenacity and make it offensive to the bees. Every inch of foundation is guaranteed to be equal to the sample that will be sent upon application. I^angstroth on the Hon- ey Bee, revised. Smokers, Tin Pails, Sections and other sup- plies. Send for circular. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, Ills' ■V;::!f. We make millions of them yearly; workmanship, smooth ness and finish can't be better. The basswood grows right here. If you want some good Ship- ping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of Bee Supplies on hand. Write for illustrated cata logue and price list free. Marshfield Mfg. C0.,^'"-^*^^,jf; •:■.•:'• •*;*■': '•■'■::'» mi ^»K m •■■•?."'• i G. B. Lewis Co., i."!:: •.'••.V i m M 'n\v- Manufacturers of Bee - Keepers' SUPPLIES. Fiictiiry and Main Office, Watertown, Wis. BRANCHES, C. B. Lewis Co., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. C. n. Lewis Co , 515 First Ave., N. E., Minneapolis, Minn. AGENCIES, L. C. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. Fred Fonlger & Sons, Ogdeii, l^tah. E. T. .AblKJtt, St. Joseph, Mo., Special .Southwestern agent. Send for catalog. ■■•»•::* ^'' •;'«v-'': ■^' ■';'•'■"*: ■'ti''i.'!'~*: ■♦■■■;■•—*• :#.■■••••—* ♦•■■■i'r"'*: • '■ Dittmer's Foundation -At Wholesale and Retail. This foundation is made by an absolutely non-dipping process; thereby producing a perfectly clear and pliable foundation that retains the odor and color of beeswax; and is free from dirt. Working wax into foundation for cash, a specialty. Write for samples and prices. A full line of Supplies at the very lowest prices, and in any quantity. Best quality and prompt shipment. Send for large, illustrated catalogue. GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis. '■■'■;:'» ■ ;•■'; '•■'■•:'» :-*..'t ::'f.l» :*5 m 1 :■.>;• m \!^l^&^l^^ii^^i^!it9i^i * The Home X\ f,K f,C fC f;e ^,C f\ fC fC f|C fC fK f;K <>- >r OF THE ^O- % Honey Bees. { ^'C Root's Goods for looo. ^f" ^W*' Our advance catalog for 1900 is now ready, and a copy will be ^1^*- .^1^ mailed to any one upon application. Among our specialties for this i^ y^H*^ season will be ^C*^ >i^^ DRAPER BARNS, . Jj^ ^H*^ l\}iC HONEY BOARDS '^ -^^ DAN2ENBAKER HIVES, ^jf/' ^H*^ WEED PROCESS FOUXDATION. ♦'1^ >i^^ DOVETAILED HIVES, 8- & lo-FRAME, ^J/' y^*' COWAN REVERSIBLE EXTRACTORS. ''I^ "^Ji* No matter where j-ou live, we can supply you our goods, either .^fAl ■^f direct, or through some dealer near you. Our goods are for sale in V _^S^4. all parts of the world where bee-keeping is known. Our facilities .^f^- -^f for manufacturing bee-keepers' supplies are surpassed by none. V _^0^4 Have you heard of the Draper barns, the deep, lo-franie. Dove- •^f^- ■^1 tailed hive? We expect to ship a carload of these soon. Perhaps V '^^^ you would do well to investigate these before j-ou place your order fur ^fj^- ■^f hives. Our Cowan extractors can't be beaten — they have many fea- V ■_JJ^*^ >t^ ^ L^ >t^ x^ >*^ >*^ >*^ >*^ ^* j*.^ February, 1900. ROVEf^TISIflG J^flTES. All adTertieemente will be inserted at the rate of 15 cent* per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 85 per cent. _ On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On »0 lines-and upwards, 8 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 60 per cent. 3.50 4.50 Clubbing liist. 1 will send the Revxbw with— Gleanings, (new).... ($1.00) .... $1.75 American Bee Journal. ... (new) ( 1.0(i) 1.75 Canadian Bee Jmirnal ( 1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50)... 135 American Bee Keeper i .50) 1.40 The Southland Queen ( 1.00) 1-75 Onio Farmer (1.00). ...1.75 FarmJo,irnal(Phila.) ( .5t') 1.10 Farm Poultry ( 1.00) .... 1.75 RnralNew Yorker (1.00) 1.85 Fr-nk Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . The Century ( 4.00) . . Michigan Farmer ( 1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer ( 1 ^) ^"'^ American Agriculturist (100) 1.75 The Indt^pendet.t (New York).. (3.00) 3.50 Ladies' World ( 40) 1.25 Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3.15 Harper's Magazine (4.0.v m Ml* •.••.■-; M^« Ml* s •St- DADANT'S Foundation | ScCtionS By the new Weed Process is made in the best manner, up- on the best machines, and from the best wax — that free from dirt, pollen, propolis, burnt wax, etc., that decrease its tenacity and make it offensive to the bees. Every inch of foundation is guaranteed to be equal to the sample that will be sent upon application. l,angstrotb on the Hon- ey Bee, revised, Smokers, Tin Pails, Sections and other sup- plies. Send for circular. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, Ills We make millions of them yearly ; workmanship, smooth ness and finish can't be better. The bass wood grows right here. If you want some good Ship- ping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of Bee Supplies on hand. Write for illustrated cata logue and price list free. Marshfield Mfg. 00.,^""*^'^^: %':ii•;^C•^l••'•■•••i^•:■l•••••■■••J^•:•;•••••^•.■•.•.•.••••••■•:i•.•.•.• ••'•■■;«■.•.•.:• :<''ii :ti:■^L'^^■•■:i•^'.'■■^^*■'^VM^"^■■f■\\*!^"^■'■fJ■V.*^^^^ m mi ;:".•.■• m :■.:•:• P :::;:'» A':--!.'? ;■.■.•;"• m ::•.•.■< IS m ••;■'; ;■.'.;;'• ■»V.=: . ...•■•-?:'• m M;* •:••.•.: M=* i m M;* Cj. B. Lewis Co., Manufacturers of Bee - Keepers' SUPPLIES. Factory and Main Office, Watertown, Wis BRANCHES, G. B. Lewis Co., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. C. B. I^wisCo , 515 First Ave., N. E., Minneapolis, Minn. AGENCIES, I,. C. Woodman, Grand Rapids. Mich. Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah. K. T. .\blx)tt, St. Joseph, Mo., Si)ecial Southwestern agent. Send for catalog. M Mi* Ml* m m 9yf: ■»•.■;• m i i :■.:•;• M '•■'■!:'• i ■»•;••■ i li :■.;•:• Dittmer's Foundation At Wholesale and Retail. This foundation is made by an absolutely non-dipping process; thereby producing a perfectly clear and pliable foundation that retains the odor and color of beeswax; and is free from dirt. Working wax into foundation for cash, a specialty. Write for samples and prices. A full line of Supplies at the very lowest prices, and in any quantity. Best quality and prompt shipment. Send for large, illustrated catalogue. GUS. DITTMER, Augusta, Wis. ::!r;S m '•■'■•:'» i :■.•..•;• 1 W: Wi m ii^i m m .. m :»::';4ji»:-.'r:)f XK^ fe fC fiC fC f> f> f,K f> fC fiC fiK fiK 4^ * The Home f >r OF THE "'C^ % Honey Bees. J ^" Everything for Bee -Keepers. ''f" ^ The 88th edition of our catalog is now ready, J •^^ and is more valuable to au}^ bee-keeper than any ^^T ^ catalog we have before issued; for in it are described i^ '^H*^ in full the Danz. Hive, which is steadil}^ growing ^^ ^^ in popularity, also our popular 8- and lo-frame ^j^ ^y Dovetailed Hives, with combined bottom - boards, V J^^ and hive-stands. Page 5 is devoted entirely to an ^§;^ V exposition of the fence and the plain section system; t^ '^"^ page 6 to tall sections vs. square sections. Both fSSZ^ '^d pages are fully illustrated. Another page is given J^jf ^iT to the history and description of the Weed, New ^^C^ ^^4 Process P'oundation; and fully outlines the achieve- :«|f^ ^ ments at present in wax-working machinery. J ^^A You should not fail to read this catalog from ^^T ^ cover to cover. It will be sent without application i^ "51'*' to all our old customers; but if you do not get a ^1^ ^^ copy soon, better write for one. Be sure to men- ^Jj^ -^f tion the Review when writing. V JI A. I. Root Co., Medina, 0. y£ •^^ . N. B. — Watch for our announcement next month. jLf -^». >* y* >« y* y * y* >* >* y* y* >* y* j»^ March. i900. At Fliqt, MicF|igari — Oqe Dollar a Year. flDVE^TISH^G l^flTES. All advertisemente will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch. Disconnts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 85 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 8 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On ,S0 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 60 per cent. Dark I Italn^ «^^^*m^* B-l^* ^ ISQISIBQQQIQQBISEiQBQQQBBfiiSOISSQD Clubbing Iiist. 1 will send the Review with— Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) . .. . J1.75 American Bee Journal (new) ( l.Od) 1.75 Canadian Bee Journal (1.00) 1.75 Progressive Bee Keeper ( ..50) 1.35 American Bee Keeper ( .50) 1.40 The Southland Queen (1.00) 1-75 Ohio Farmer ( 1.00) . ... 1.75 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5ii) 1.10 Farm Poultry (1.00) .... 1.75 Rnial New Yorker (1.00) 1.85 Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly. ( 3.00) . . . 3.50 The Century ( 4.00) 4.50 Michigah Farmer ( 1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer (100) 1.75 American Agriculturist ( 1 00) 1.75 The In;■• li m :•.■.•;• li :■."..•:• Carniolans! Carniolans!! i The largest and finest stock in America. No other apiary in this country contains as many Imported Car- niolan Queens a s this. The gentlest, the hardiest, gather the least propolis; no bee- veil needed; equal Ital- ians for honey. Send for circular. RAhPH BENTON, "The Car- niolan Apiaries," 1801 Harewood Ave., Washington, D. C. m m M w mmm^imi^Mmmmm The Danzenbaker Hive Seven Carloads Sold the Past Season. If you have a market for fancy comb honeys you should not fail to try this hive. There are many reasons why it will pay you. In many of the leading markets, honey in these sections will bring from one to two cents more a pound than in the 4%, bee- way. If you produce comb honey for profit, you should certainly investigate the merits of this hive. Do you want the names of some of the leading bee-keepers who have tried this hive, and reported success with it from 3'ear to year ? Do you wish to know all about this hive and the advan- tages of this style of frame and section ? If so, write for Pacts About Bees, Please enclose a two-cent stamp; as it is a 64-page booklet, full of information. This hive, as well as Pacts About Bees, may -be obtained of all our principal dealers, or may be ordered from the factor}-. The A. I. Root Co, Medina, Ohio. APRIL, 1900. At Fliqt, Micl^igaq — Or\e Dollar a Ye-ar, ADVEHTISIHG l^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times. 25 per cent ; 12 times, SB per cent. On 2(t lines and upwards, 8 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, •40 per cent. On »0 lines and upwards, S times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, fiO per cent. I Names of Bee - Keepers. Clubbing Liist. 1 will send the Rbview with— Gleanings, (new) .... •/P'-"!^) " •• " *I-?5 Amfrican Bee Journal.... (new) ( l.W l-'» Canadian Bee .Journal ( LOO) i. '^ Progressive Bee Keeper ( -M) i Jp American Bee Keeper ( -SO) 1.40 The Southland Queen (1.00) 1-75 O.iio F-.irmer [ ^-^X ■■■}i7x Farm J. -urnal (Phila.) ( .5;0 \M Farm Poultry (l-« ■• • !•'» Rural New Yorker •.••••■. • ••( \-'^J 1'°^ Fr .uk Lenlie's Popular Monthly . ( 3.00) . . . d.50 The Century ( ffO 4.50 Michigan Farmer > i uia" Prairie Farmer ?iru\s" American Agriculturist... . ... -W^)- Thelud pendent (New York).. (.^.00).. Ladies' World ( f)-- ('ountry G"ntleman /■/ma Harper's Magazine ( *;^'J- Harpers Weekly ( 4 W) . . Youths' Co .panion (new) /.;*,„(•, ' Scribuer's Magazine ( ^-^l • • CoHm. .po.itan ( \^ ■ Success (i.w)- It will b"* notice 1 thar in order to pecnre these rates on Gleanings, American Bee Jour- nal and tlie Y.■»» •»•;•: 4V::.* m m We make millions of them j'early; workmanship, smooth ness and finish can't be better. The bass wood grows right here. If you want some good Ship- ping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of JBee Supplies on hand. Write for illustrated cata logue and price list free. Marshfield Mfg. Co. """^^^.Jf; ^•■.•:::v.';.*.* •?;:;•.■.•.■.•.• rr.v I h Supplies ffflui Lewis | (JllPPnS. m i :*■•*. Thousands of Bee-Hives, Millions of Sections, Ready for prompt shipment. We maiiiifactiire Five different stvles of hives; All leaders and up to date. Lewis' White, Polished Sections. Acknowledged by all to be perfect. Not onlv do we make the finest I Bae-kespers' Supplis, '•'i-.-.i Hut otir ])acking cnse insures their •Hi arrival at yonr railroad station in a *"5 neat and perfect condition. B. B.LEWIS CO, WdlerlOWD, Wis. ,U.S.i. i m i m Branches: — G. B. Lewis Co., 19 So. Alabama St.. Indianapotis. Ind. G. B. Lewis Co., 51s First Ave., N. E. Minneapolis, Minn. .Xgencies: — I. C. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich, l-'red Koulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah. E. T. AblKJtt, St. Joseph. Mo. ?S* m ■'■•;;.•■ m i m Send for Catalog. mm^ For 20 year.'^ I have made a .specially of queen rearing. My apiary is located several miles from other hees; hence I am able to secure the mating of my queens with drones from the most desirable colonies. Spec- ial attention is given to the se- lection of both queen-and-drone mothers from colonies that show marked industry, and cap their honey white. Safe arrival guaranteed, and every queen warranted to produce light yel- low, -^-banded, gentle workers. Should a queen prove unsatis- factory, she will be replaced, or money refunded. Queen shipped the next daj- after the order is received, unless other- wise re(iuested. Ready to ship June ist. Trice 75 cts. each. J.AS. F. WOOD, Xo. Dana, Mass. ■»:i=: •".•.■• i ;•.■..•;• •■."••:'• *:•: •»"•;;•■ ^^ ;■.:;:'• i m :•..•:* m • ••;•'; :'•■'■•:'' ■■ *:•: li ::'..•;■• m W: W' ■'.■>■ ::;•;< »!i=: i m m m :■..•:« m m ':■■■}:* ».Vfi Root's 8-Frame, Dovetailed Hive With the "L" Super. FOR THE 4x5x13-8 PLAIN SECTIONS. S-FRAME SIZE ONLY. DEVISED FOR THOSE WHO WANT 4x5 SECTIONS ON THE S-FRAME HIVE. So many of our customers who prefer the 8- frame Dovetailed hive have wanted to use the 4 X 5 X i^a plain sections on these hives, that we have devised this style of super o meet this de- mand. We listed it for the first time in our cata- logue last year. This form of super has heen used successfully by I^ewis J. Whitney of Maple- town, Utah. He has oroduced as lar^e crops of fine 4x5 honey as one can find anj'where on the market, and anyone des ring to raise 4x5 honey on 8-frame hives can not do better than use this super; but, if you want to use the 4x5 sections on a regular 10-frame, Dovetailed hive, you can order our regular Danz. super, such as used on the Danz. hive, described on this page last month. The price of the "I." super is the same as all of our other regular 8-frame Dovetailed supers. WHAT OTHERS SAY OF ROOT'S PLAIN SECTIONS AND FENCES. The plain section is far ahead of the old bee- way section, and I would not return to the plain .separator for any money. Every customer to whom I sell honey remarks, "How fine the hon- ey in plain sections does look !" I have nothing but praise for my honey wherever I have offered it for sale this winter. Cuba, Kan.sas, Dec. 23. Wm. H. Eagerty. We secured four or five well-filled cases of basswood honey in the new sections; and to say that they were nice would be putting it lightly. It was a real pleasure to open those crates of hon- and note the diffe.ence between them and the old-st3'le seclions in regard to freedom from pro- polis, and consequent ease of cleaning. Elsie, Mich., Jan. 7lh I. A. WooU. I might say that I gave the no-bee-way sec- tions, 4l{ x 4'4. a trial this season, and I am well pleased with them. I used about 1,200 of them along side of the open-end, or slotted sections, 4% X 4'4 x i?8 with plain separators. This winter I am changing all of my supers to the no-bee- way. I find that 1 can get half to one cent MORK for llie no-bee-way in Harrowsmith, Out. Dec. 28th. C. E. Taylor. In regard to those fences I bought of you la.st year for 100 hives, it is one of the best improve- ments since I began the bee-business fifty years ago. • I Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5"). •■•10 Farm 1' ultry ( 1-00) 1.7;) Ruial NVw Y-.rker { im I.8.1 Fr nk Ler.lie'8 Popular M.inlhly.( 3.()0) . . .i.SO The Century ( 4.00) .... 4.50 Michigan Farmer ( 1-00) l.b-T Prairie Farmer (1 00) . . . . l.ip American Agriculturist.. . . (100) .. 1.7.T The lu) •• 2.3.i Scribner's Magazine ( 3.0O) 3 50 Cosm-.po itan ( l."*') • '••.'^ Success (1-00) • •■• 1 '•■' It will b> noticed that in order to secure these rates on Gleanings. American Bee .Jour- nal and the Y>iirnal8. you can do so, hut the full price must be sent Dark I Italni QQQQOiaiaQiaQiaiaiataiaiaiaQBSiiaiaQiaiaia 1 Names of Bee - Keepers. I a TYPE WRITTEN. B CI ^ GBBBCEClElEEEnGECCCEEEnnr.ClClP The names of my customers, and of those ask ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several th< usaad all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) , and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand names. The former price was S2.50 per lOoO, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at 82.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- mt>dated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. Arizona 46 Ky... 182 N. P. 60 Ark.... 130 Kans.. 35° New Mex 26 Ala ....-O La 38 Oregon 104 Calif. . 378 Mo.... 500 Ohio i.iao ("00.. 228 Minn.. 3M Penn 87" Canada «4t5 Mich .1,770 R.l 48 Conn... 162 Mass.. 275 H C 4" Dk ... --iS Md .. 94 Tenn 170 Del 18 Maine, 200 Tex 270 Fla ...loo Miss.. . 70 Utah 68 (4a . ... 90 N. Y.. 1,322 yt 160 Ind ...744 Neb.... 345 \f ■ \ll Ills .. M>' N J .. ISO W. Va .... 172 Iowa. Hoc N. H . 126 Wash .128 I Wis 500 i W.Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint. Mich. : Golden 'a I Italian Reared by the best methods known. Untested, single queen, 75 cts.; six for $4.00; one dozen, $7-50- Tested queens, just double these prices. Choice breed- ing queens, from $3.00 to I5.00. Circu- lar telling how to introduce any kind of a queen, free. E R. JONES, ■1-98-121 Milano, Texas Please mention th« Reuiim. Supplies Cheap. ' Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville. Ohio, has accented a permanent position in Arizona, aiui wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. Ho wrote to me about it. and I t.'ld him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Coil Wire ^ ^ 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators) at -^J 6S Covers at \^ 5.S B-.ttom Boards at {" 53 Honev Boards, Queen excluding at "» .31) Kscnpes at ■ J* 5 'Feeders ( Heddon Excelsior) at ^6 30 Alley, Queen and Drone traps, at 35 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hivee and cases are well made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practically as good as new. Any one wishing to buy any- thing out of this lot can learn fuller partioa- lars upon inquiry. W Z. HUTCHINSON, FUnt, Mich. DADANT'S i i Mi* Mi*.'/ Mi* M^* •.■••.:; 1 Mi* n Mi* i Mi* i i :r>* •.■•v.f Foundation I ieCtlOHS By the new Weed Process is made in the best manner, up- on the best machines, and from the best wax — that free from dirt, pollen, propolis, burnt wax, etc., that decrease its tenacity and make it ofTensive to the bees. Every inch of foundation is guaranteed to be equal to the sample that will be sent upon application. Latigstroth on the Hon- ey Bee, revised, Smokers, Tin Pails, Sections and other sup- plies. Send for circular. Dadant & Son, Hamilton, Ills. i ill!!/: ::*•.■• m ::'r;» iiii lilt/' m We make millions of them yearly; workmanship, smooth ness and finish can't be better. The basswood grows right here. If you want some good Ship- ping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of Bee Supplies on hand. Write for illustrated cata logue and price list free. Marshfield Mfg. Co.,^«'-^"^f,'f: h Supplies ffom Lewis | (JuiggllS. Thousands of Bee-Hives, ijilji /^^^ Thousands of Bee-Hives Millions of Sections, Ready for prompt shipment. We manufacture Five different styles of hives; .\11 leaders ancf up to date. Lewis' White, Polished Sections Acknowledged l>y all to he perfect. Not only do we make the finest Bse-kefipers' Syppli.s, Hut ipiir iiackuiR case insiires tlit-ir arrival at your railroad station in a neat and jierfecl condition. G. B.LEWIS CO, WaterlowD, Wis,, U.S.A. Branches: — G. B. Lewis Co., 19 So. Alabama .St., Indianapolis, Ind. (1. B. Lewis Co., 515 First Ave., X. K. Minneapolis, Minn. Agencies: — I,. C. Woodman, f.rand Kapids, Mich. Fred Foiilgtr iV Sons, Ogden, Utah. E. T AblKjtt, St. Joseph, Mo. Send for Catalog. :■..;:» M m W For 20 years I have made a specialty of queen rearing. My apiary is located several miles from other bees; hence I am able to secure the mating of my queens with drones from the most desirable colonies. Spec- ial attention is given to the se- lection of both (|ueen-and-drone mothers from colonies that show marked industry, and cap their honey white. Safe arrival guaranteed, and every queen warranted to produce light yel- low, ,^-banded, gentle workers. Should a queen prove unsatis- factory, -she will be replaced, or money refunded. Queen shipped the next day after the order is received, unless other- wise requested. Ready to ship June I St. Price 75 cts. each. JAS. F. WOOD, No. Dana, Mass. m m Wi ■<»'.;=: m m •V-.;* M m '.■.••'•::'• :.*:■:■■■ ^^ ■ '■•:* m ■ '■id m ::'f;l» 11 '•:■.;:* m m m m Ml m m^mmm^mmmmmmmmmmm -^^ "^^*> X^ fC f\^ fi^^C fC f|C fC fK fC fC f|C fC '4^ t up With Orders, f -^*^ With the exception of odd-sized goods we are >c^ ,^^ at the present time filling all orders within 24 ^1^ yj"" hours after their receipt. ^1^ ^"^ Hives With Plain Sections. "^ ^l^ These goods are b}^ long odds the leaders. It ^ •^1: costs a trifle to make the change, but they save y^ ^ more in the extra market price for the honey. i il Root's Weed Foundation. 3' '^r .... '^ ^^ Begmnmg with this \'ear we put out a founda- Jl^ /IT tion having extra thin basss and heavier walls: ''1^ 2^4. result, li2;"hter foundation, less fishbone, less sagf, -^£^ ^ and more read}' acceptance by the bees. Send ^ ^A- for catalog and samples. Address Xhe A. I. ^^^ Root Co., Medina, Ohio; or when you can save J^ Jfif^ freight, one of the following branch offices : ♦'^ jm^\^ 'I'lie A. I Root Co , No. lo Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa., \Vm. A. Selser, Manager. -^r^- ^k The A. I. koot Co., .Syracti.se. N. V , in charge of K. A. Salislnit y. ^(^^ ' The A. I. Root Co., Mechanic Falls. Maine, J. B Mason, Manager. ~ <^Jk . The A. I. Root Co., 1024 Miss ssippi St. St. PanI, Minn. H. G. Ackliii, Manager. i^ .Jm^^ Geo. W. York, 118 Michgian St,, Chicago, 111. :*5&^- jn M, H. Hnnt & Son, Hell Hranch, Wayne Co., Mich. ^1^" ' (ieo. E. Hilton, Fremont, Mich. ' ^ .^^ . C. H. W. Weber. 2146 Central Ave.. Cincinnati. Ohio. f^ .^S^f Walters. Poiifier, Indianapolis. Indiana. '*5Si^ ^i Jo.seph Nysevvander, Des Moines, Iowa. ^I^^' ' John Nel.el 6t Son, High Hill. Montgomer}' Co. Alissoiiri. ^ .^^ . Kavvlings Implement Co., Haltimore, Md. i^ ~^S^^ \ickery Hros., Kvansville, Indiana. ^5fii^- ^W Carl F.Uuck, Augnsta, Uutler Co., Kansas. ^1^^ ' The I<. A. Watkins Mdse. Co , Denver. Colorado. ^ .^^ . I'nion Hive and Box Co., I,os Angeles, California. ij^ ,J5y^ Smith's Cash Store, San Francisco, California. :*2fii^ dr§ Bnell I.amher.son, 1S9 Front St., Portland, Oregon. ^1^^ ' J. H. Back, 235 W 3d North St. Salt I^ake City, Utah. 7 "^K >t^ >t^ >t^ >t^ ^L. ^L. ^t^ ^t^ yt^ yt^ J^L^ >*^ J»^ June, 1900. At Fliqt, Micl^igaq — Oqe Dollar a Year. flDVEl^TISIflG J^flTBS. All adTertisemente will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discoonts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 36 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 8 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing liist. 1 will send the Rbvxkw with— Gleanings, (new) (81.00). American Bee Journal (new) ( l.O(i) . Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) . Process! ve Bee Keeper ( .50) . American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50) . $1.75 . 1.75 . 1.75 . 1 35 . 1.40 The Southland Queen ( 1.00) 1 75 Onio Farmer ( 1.00). ... 1.75 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5(i) 1.10 Farm Poultry (1.00) ....1.75 Rural New Yorker . ..(1.00) 1.85 The Century ( 4.00) 4.50 Michistan Farmer (1.00) 1.65 Prairie Farmer (100) 1.75 American Agriculturist (100) 1.75 Country Gwntleraan ( 2.50) .... 3. 15 Harper's Magazine ( 4.0 ') . . Harper's Weekly f 4 00) . . Youths' CoM.panion (new) (.75) .. (Cosmopolitan ( 1.00) . . Success, (1.00). iaa>3S3ii3Qu3aQiBBiaiaiaQaBDBiaQQQa I Names of Bee - Keepers, f 4.10 4.20 2.35 1.90 1 75 J- — Cts. pays for year's subscription to Poultry J^j Bee and Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa, if ordered at once. Regular price, 35 cts. 'W^WtfMV^WtfyWW^ mmmmmmfm a ' a H TYPE WRITTEN. D Q D BBElElElGElEIBBElEiElElBEIElElBDBEIEIElGlEI The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thcuaand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and. although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of doDars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at $2.00 per thousand names. The former price was J2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. N. C 60 New Mex 26 Oregon 104 Ohio i,i» Penn S76 .Arizona 46 Ark 130 Ala ''0 Calif. . 378 Colo.. 228 Canada 846 Conn. . . 162 Dak.... 25 Del 18 Bla. ... loo Ga 90 Ind 744 Ills W» Iowa. . 800 Ky.... Kans.. La Mo.... Minn.. Mich 182 350 38 500 334 1,770 R.l 48 Mass.. 275 H. C 40 Md ... 94 Tenn 176 Maine, 200 Tex 270 Miss.. . 70 Utah 68 N. Y.. 1,322 Vt 160 Neb.... 345 Va I82 N J... ISO W. 'Va 172 N. H... 126 Wash 128 Wis — 500 W. Z. HUTCHINSON. FUnt, Mich. Supplies Cieap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, has accented a permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Coil Wire 80 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators) at 25 6H Covers at 15 53 Bottom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 80 Escapes at 15 51 Feeders ( Heddon Excelsior) at 25 30 Alley, Queen and Drone traps, at 35 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well-made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practically as good OB new. Any one wishing to buy any- thing out of this lot can learn foiler partioo- lars upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FU&t, Mioh. DADANT'S Ui M M wi'.v ■it'-.? ftvi i i Foundation I bCCtlOnS m n ■■■•■'■li. i By the new Weed Process is made in the best manner, up- on the best machines, and from the best wax — that free from dirt, pollen, propolis, burnt wax, etc., that decrease its tenacity and make it offensive to the bees. Every inch of foundation is guaranteed to be equal to the sample that will be sent upon application. L/angstroth on the Hon- ey Bee, revised, Smokers, Tin Pails, Sections and other sup- plies. Send for circular. Dadatit & Son, Hamilton, Ills m :•.■.•.•• ■»■>•: 1 ft 1 ■■.■-.•.•• ft We make millions of them yearly; workmanship, smooth ness and finish can't be better. The basswood grows right here. If you want some good Ship- ping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of Bee Supplies on hand. Write for illustrated cata logue and price list free. m f •■.■.•.•• m M m m Marshfield i I Mfg. Co., Marsh£eld, Wis. •M ^^ 'M, •.•7::;•fw:^••.•:.•:,'•!:^^^^•;::;:•?S■.^^^•c.•:/w^^ i Bee Supplies ffom Lewis Tlio\isands of Bee-Hives, Millions of Sections, Keatly for prompt shipment. We manufacture Five different styles of hives; All leaders atid up to date. Lewis' White, Polished Sections Acknowledged by all to be perfect. Not only do we make the finest a i Bee -keepers' Supplies, «^iv i m Hut o\ir packing case insures their arrival at your railroad station in a neat and perfect condition, 6. B.LEWIS CO., waieriowD, Wis., U.S.A. Branches: — G. B. L,ewis Co., G. B. Lewis Co. 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. 51.S First Ave., N. E. Minneapolis, Minn. Agencies; — I.,. C. WcKxlman, Grand Kapids, Mich. Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah. E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. Send for Catalog. m ;•.■.•.■• »>;=: m •*i:?: m i Queens. For 20 years I have made a specialty of queen rearing. My apiary is located several miles from other bees; hence I am able to secure the mating of my queens with drones from the most desirable colonies. Spec- ial attention is given to the se- lection of both queeti-and-drone mothers from colonies that show marked industry, and cap their honey white. Safe arrival guaranteed, and every queen warranted to produce light yel- low, 3-banded, gentle workers. Should a queen prove unsatis- factory, she will be replaced, or money refunded. Queen shipped the next day after the order is received, unless other- wise requested. Ready to ship June ist. Price 75 cts. each. JAS. F. WOOD, No. Dana, Mass. m 'm 1 m m m m mmm^^mMmmmmmmtmmmmmmmm Root's Cowan Honey Extractors. Large Sizes are Bali-Bearing. If you must get an extractor, use the same care you would in buying a watch. You will make no mistake in buying one of our make. They are used by the largest honey producers all over the world. There is scarcely a country where bee-keeping is known, to which we have not sent some of our machines. s On 00 o o .S o 00 ON • ON in -(-> On CO M • f-H CO M ■B CD F5 O (U ^ t/T 00 Id t/T M V2 m Oh rO o CD >. g d\ On 'E, ri On CO s "xt- M o nj C CJ r^ M LO ■'"' (U a 00 ON M O -4-> of ^ u Cn in _o 00 (L» -(-< bJO M n *'"' CvJ • P ^ o p: pa 0 r P (T) n) •-t r-" r+ yi P* ^ i-{ Cfi tr- o rt) (T) P !_, tA •-t a p P M-J (-+• i-t »-t r+ (D o rp B -! P 0 ^ P ^ ■-t O r-* O- ^ ;^' O M rj rt- 1 » 0 <- ' 0 i^ ?7- cr 55 ^ (T) p 0 P •— * P I—" V3 p P ,^„ •-t ^ ^^ The A. I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio, July, 1900. At Fliqt, Micl^igaq — Oqe Dollar a Year. ADVHt^TISIflG t^flTHS. All advertiBementB will be inserted at the rate of 16 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- Bertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 timeB, 5 per cent; 6 times, 15 per cent ; d times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 85 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 timeB. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 80 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On M lines and upwards, 8 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Ltist. 1 will send the Rkvxkw with— Gleanings, (new) f$1.00).. American Bee Journal. ... (new) ( l.Od).. Canadian I3ee Journal ( 1.00) . . Progressive Bee Kooper ( .50).. American Bee Keeper ( .50) . SI . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 The Southland Queen (1.00) 1- Ohio Farmer ( 1.00). ... 1 Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5ii) 1 Farm Poultry (1.00) ...1 Rural New Yi.rker (1.00) 1 The Century ( 4.00} 4 Michigan Farmer M.OO) 1 Prairie Farmer ( '^ ^) ^ American Agriculturist (100) 1 Country Genlleinan ( 2.50) 3, Harper 8 Magazine ( 4.0i) ... 4 Harpers Weekly ( 4 00) 4 Youths' ('oi. panion (new) I' -"i^) .•• .2 Coemopoiitan ( 1,00) Success, • (1.00). .. 15 cts. pays for year's siiT)scriptioii to Poultry Uee ami Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa, if ordered at once. Regular price, 35 cts. I'ructicul, I'rogressive, Illustrated Journal for life- Kefpcrs. Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co., Jamcsiown, \ V A/ sods a year. If. JC. Ilill^ lUlitor. Send for KRl'K .S.\MPI,R COPY and in- vestigate its plan of exchanging Choice Italian yueeus and Silver Dollars for Bee-keeping Ideas. Cash and Queens FREIi to Club Raisers, American Bee-Keeper, '''^?t^ DBDDOiaiaBQQQDDDDQDDnBQiaQISlaB B Q Names of Bee - Keepers. TYPE WRITTEN. ElBEIEiEIQEIEIElElElEIElBElDElBBDClBElElEiES The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thooaand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and. although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish It to advertisers or others at 12.00 per thousand names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. Arizona 46 Ky 182 N. C 60 Ark 130 Kans.. 350 New Mex 26 Ala ^0 La 38 Oregon 104 ('alif. . 378 Mo.... 500 Ohio i.iao Colo.. 228 Minn.. 334 Penn 876 Canada 846 Mich. 1,770 R. 1 48 Conn... 162 Mass.. 275 8. C 40 Dak as Md 94 Tenn 176 Del 18 Maine, 200 Tex 370 Fla. ...loo Miss.. . 70 Utah 68 Ga 90 N.Y.. 1,322 Vt 160 Ind 744 Neb.... 345 Va 18a Ills woo N J ... 130 W. Va 172 Iowa. .800 N. H 126 Wash 128 Wis 500 W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brocksville, Ohio, has accented a permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian flxtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Coil Wire 60 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators) at 25 68 Covers at 15 6S Bottom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 80 Escapes at . 15 50 Feeders ( Heddon Excelaior ) at 26 30 Alley, Queen and Drone traps, at 35 All of the above are in my possesaion and can be shipped promptly. The hives and caBes are well-made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seaBons are practically as good as new. Any one wishing to buy any- thing oat of this lot can learn fuller partioa- lan apon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FUnt, Mioh . i Foundation | iCCtlOnS iM m ■■'■':*. m H m M By tlie new Weed Process is made in Ihe best manner, up- on the best machines, and from the best wax — that free from dirt, pi)llen, propolis, burnt wax, etc., that decrease its tenacity and make it ofTensive to the bees. livery inch of foundation is guaranteed to be equal to the sample that will be sent upon i\f;i» application. i^^i Langstrotb on the Hon- ;*?-| ey Bee, revised. Smokers, Tin ^f': Pails, Sections and other sup- yftfi plies. Send for circular. '^y^-: Dadaiit & Son, | Hamilton, Ills. t^\ We make millions of them yearly; workmanship, smooth ness and finish can't be better. The basswood grows right here. If you want some good Ship- ping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of Bee Supplies on hand. Write for illustrated cata logue and price list free. Marshfield Mfg. Co.,*^'""*«^jf: M •.-•^i. i SPECIAL NOTICE. 1 " Queens. For 20 years I have made a specially of queen rearing. My ajiiary is located several miles from other bees; hence I am able to secure the mating of my queens with drones from the most desirable colonies. Spec- ial attention is given to the se- lection of both queen-and-drone mothers from colonies that show marked industry, and cap their honey white. Safe arrival jruaranteed, and every queen warranted to produce light yel- low, :^-banded, gentle workers. Should a (jueen prove unsatis- factory, she will be replaced, or money refunded. Queen shipped the next day after the order is received, unless other- wise requested. Ready to ship June ist. Price 75 cts. each. JAS. F. WOOD, No. Dana, Mass. ::!:■* I.nsl winlcr's cut of basswood is the wliilcst il has l>Leii for many seasons. We aie now niakinj; sections out of this new slock and tlierefore are in a j.osition to furnisli you with ihe very finest ( S!-. I'rice, <^ 1^ ROOT COMPANY'S PAGE. * "^•^ r^ •^r l—I^^M P\/ Have you ativ comb or extracted ^ >^^ li\^IM C T . \^ouQy for sale? If so, please ad- :*K^ "^^i"*- vise us what grades of each, uunibor of ])ounds of each ^£^^ ' grade, from what source gathered, and what price you ^ ■^^^ will take on board cars at your station. Be sure to state . ^fjf_ '^^^ ill what size packages it is put up and send sample of ^(^ ' extracted. ^ :^* -t^ "^5'*' O LJ I F^ r^ I A / ^^ If vou have secured a crop ^C^^ " yJil 11^ 1^ I iyi\J of honey do not fail to put J >^^ /^ £\ 01:^0 "^ "^- it up in neat shipping cases, ■^ljf._ ^i^ ^•/n^OCiO -^ -W f^^r it will not only sell P^ ' quicker, but bring vou more monev. Better order at ^ >^^ once a stock of our iVO DRIV CASnS. Full par- ^f^ '^R*' ticulars with prices in our catalog. ^O^ ^y r^l F^ A i\l I IKI (^ ^ leading bee keepers ^J^ •^i"- v^i— ^ ai#viivv:7n:^ ^j„(J ^^^y^^^ ^ p^^s them f^Sr ' f IW B^^ -^ -^ -^^ to read at least two J •^il^ ffV ^^^^ -^ "^ '^ good bee journals. In ^i^_ "^7^ f^l / / Tit IZ> Cr ■*■ addition to the Review. rc^. ^2^4_ for Gleanings the rest of the year. (New sub- -^Jjj^ "^^*' scribers only. ) vSee what Geo. W. York says of Gleanings: ^i^ V "I don't know what has gotten into Gleanings the t^ JJ^-lL last two numbers. It is the only bee jxiper that I allow •*>l^^~ J^f^ to interfere with my regular meals, that is, when it comes ^l^" V just before meal time; and when it fails to come initil i^ _^^^ several days after I think it is due, it sort of spoils my :*^r- jtjjf'*' a])])etite. If I only knew whom to blame for the delay I ^'^' V might perhaps feel diiTerenlly, but it is very aggravating t^ SS^- to say the least. I think I will have to have my copies •^£m^ Jf^ delivered by special messenger hereafter. '^^ ,^i| Geo. W. York, Kd. American Bee Journal." i^ ^%f(^ Send your order and Het the issue of July i. ^C*^ "'O^ ^N /\ ^^^r^\ A/ O ^Ve are prejiared to furnish ^*^- '^•" V-^/nrX I V-Zf WO. our regular style cartons with >|^ 7 or without tape handles as usual; also the Danz open- a ""gj^ end cartons with flap. These are cheajier than the regu- ^i^. ^1^ lar ami cun be used in our regular cases without change. ^J^*" V It may pa^- you to put these on your home market before t Jj^Jit some one else gets your home trade. ••ff^ |< The A. I. Root Co, Medina, 0. 7^ % ^^ ^f 7IF ^^ ^^ ^F ^f ^F ^F ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ August. 1900. ADVEHTISIflG t^ATHS. All advertisemente will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On MO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 8 timef , 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Liist. 1 will send the Kkview with — Gleanings, (new) ($1.00) American Bee Journal (new) ( l.OH) . Canadian Bee Journal ( l.(XJ) . Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50). American Bee Keeper ( .50) 81.75 . 1.75 . 1.75 .135 . 1.40 The Southland Queen (1.00) 175 Ohio Farmer (1.00).. ' "' Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5vi)... Farm Poultry (1.00) . Rural New Yorker (1.00)... The Century ( 4.00) . . . Michigan Farmer (1.00)... Prairie Farmer (100).. American Agriculturist (100)... Country Gentleman ( 2.50).. Harpt-rs Magnzine ( 4.0^0 . Harper's Weekly ( 4 00) . . Youths' Con panion (new) ( .75) . ('osmfpolitan ( 1.00) •• Success (1.00). 1.75 1.10 1.75 1.85 4.50 1.65 1.76 1.75 3.15 4.10 4.20 2.36 1.90 1 75 QQQQQQQQQiaQjQQQiaigiaiaBEaBQQiaiaB i Kames of Bee - Keepers. 1 im In -f- — cts. pay.s for year's stibscription to Poultry J^J Bee and Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa, if ordered at once. Regular price, 35 els. Practical, Proj^ressive, Illustrated Journal for liee- Keepers. Published Monthly by The W. T. Falconer Mfg. Co.. Jamestown, N Y Af ^octs a year. H. E. Ilill, I-lditor. Send for FRFK S.\MPI,K COPY and in- vestigate its plan of exchanging Choice Italian yueetis and Silver Dollars for Bee-keeping Idias. Cash and Queens FREE to Club A'aisers, Aiiiericau M■lm^ ^"y^^'y-''' B TYPE WRITTEN. B B Q The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thoasand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at 82.00 per thousand names. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. Arizona 46 Ky... 182 N. C 60 Ark 130 Kans.. 350 New Mex 26 Ala >-0 La 38 Oregon 104 Calif. . 378 Mo.... 500 Ohio i.iao Coio.. 228 Minn.. 334 Penn 876 Canada 846 Mich.. 1,770 R. 1 48 Conn... 162 Mass.. 275 H. C 40 Dak 25 Md ....94 Tenn 176 Del 18 Maine, 200 Tex 270 Fla. ...loo Miss.. . 70 Utah 68 Ga 90 N.Y.. 1,322 Vt 160 Ind 744 Neb 345 Va I82 Ills Wi N J ... ISO W. Va 172 Iowa. .800 N. H... 126 Wash 128 Wis 500 W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, hasacceoteda permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Coil Wire 60 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators) at 25 68 Covers at 15 B3 Bottom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 80 Escapes at .. 15 BO Feeders ( Heddon Excelsior ) at 25 30 Alley, Queen and Drone traps, at 35 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well made and nicely painted, and having been in nse only two or three seasons are practically as good as new. Any one wishing to buy any- thing out of this lot can leam fuller partioa- lars apon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mioh. M m m I Foundation I bieCtlOnS I iff;-: M i lii m Mi* ii By the new Weed Process is made in the best manner, up- on the best machines, and from the l)est wax — that free from dirt, pollen, propolis, burnt wax, etc., that decrease its tenacity and make it offensive to the bees. Every inch of foundation is guaranteed to be equal to the sample that will be sent upon application. I^angstroth on the Hon- ey l>ee, revised. Smokers, Tin Pails, Sections and other sup- plies. Send for circular. Dadant & Son, i ■»•■.•: m ;■.•.•;• li il ■■.'..•.'• KM n\:- :::iM fill.';- Hamilton, Ills. We make millions of them yearly; workmanship, smooth ness and finish can't be better. The basswood grows right here. If you want some good Ship- ping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of Bee Supplies on hand. Write for illustrated cata logue and price list free. Marshfield Mfg. Co.,^«"*^^;f: ■i•w•••'•■i^•^l•«''■•■i^•^;•«»'•■•V••^l••'*•^••v.•«l•■••C•••■••.• <{••■■< ■•••■■•.••<:»; ••^^••v^•*•■'•r■•■•;.•:.;•*!V'•;.•^;•»'•^■•^^•^;•»'*^•."■•^;;*!^'•.■••.•■■■,: m ::^;«l 1 i m i SPEGIAL NOTICE. 1 Last winter's cut of basswood is the whitest it has been for many seasons. We are now making sections out of this new slock and therefore are in a position to furnish you with ihe very finest quality in tlie market. Lewis' White Polished Sections Are perfect in workmanship and color. Orders shipped immediately upon re- ceipt. Five different styles of Bee- Hivt.s. A complete line of everything needed in the apiary. Lewis' Foiindiiliiin F.istener simplest and be.st machine for the purpose. Price, |i.oo, without lamp. G. B.LEWIS CO., WatertowD, Wis., O.S A. Hranches: — G. B. Lewis Co., 19 So. Alabama St., Indianapolis, Ind. G. B. Lewis Co., 515 First Ave., N. E. Minneapolis, Minn. Agencies: — L. C. Woodman, Grand Rapids, Mich. Fred Foulger & Sons, Ogden, Utah. E. T. Abbott, St. Joseph, Mo. Send for Catalog. m B m II 1 m m ^ Queens. For 20 years I have made a specialty of queen rearing. My apiary is located several miles from other bees; hence I am able to secure the mating of my queens with ilrones from the most desirable colonies. Spec- ial attention is given to the se- lection of both queen-and-drone mothers from colonies that show marked industry, and cap their honey white. Safe arrival guaranteed, and every queen warranted to produce light yel- low, 3-banded, gentle workers. Should a queen prove unsatis- factory, she will be replaced, or money refunded. Queen shipped the next day after the order is received, unless other- wise requested. Ready to ship June 1st. Price 75 cts. each. JAS. F. WOOD, No. Dana, Mass- si^a&m m m i:v«fci i^ mmmmmmmmmmmm f\K fiK fC f|K f.e fiC fiK fiK fiK f\ fiK fiK ROOT COMPANY'S PAGE. TJ.V JP^ ('A'A f;/vS If yon are one of rOlf //OJV^l'-^. "ie people who market extract- ed honey in small lots you will find our pails just what yon want. A dozen sizes and kinds to select from. We also furnish square cans, i quart, 2 quart, I gallon and 5 gallons. A .single can or carload as yon wish. Write for prices. QUEFNS ^^ don't say much about our queens, do we? I sup- pose some of our friends wonder why. L,et us tell you: We began selling queens many years ago. We know all about the business from A to Z. We have the best breeding queens to be found in this country or Italy, and the best apiarist to be had. The result is, onr 400 colonies do not begin to furnish enough queens for our orders. Our queens are UNvSURPASSED. You will find it so if you try them. COMB FOUND A- Perhaps you are riON Mil,!, -^. so far from us, and rates are so high, that you want to make your own foundation. Our mills are being im- proved constantly. If you want to pur- chase a foundation mill send for pack- age of .samples, showing different styles we can furnish. Send 2-cent stamp for the.se. niSHEl, BOXEa Bee-keepers are always looking for labor .saving ideas. Have you ever read our page pamphlet " Hand- ling Farm Produce?" It is full of infor- mation and gives prices of Unshel Boxes and other things. I'Yee for tlie a.sking. HONKV ^^'^ '"'y ^ number of car- loads of coml) and extracted each year. If you have secured a good crop send us your offer. You don't have to worry about the returns if you sell to us. If you have extracted honej' send sample. If you have failed to se- cure enough for j'our home market let us supply you. We have honey engag- ed all over the country and can ship direct from the producer many times. GI^ASS HONFV We have all sizes PACKAGES '^^ °* Mason Jars, with aluminum or porcelain lined caps. All jelly tum- blers, 2 sizes, and glass pails, 4 sizes, and self-sealing jam jars. Besides these, we still have the four sizes square jars, which have long been on the mar- ket. Don't forget us when you need glass packages for honey. RVBBBR Have you ever thought STAMPS how handy it would be to use a rubber stamp to mark j'onr honey ca.ses, showing the grade? Then, too, if you sell in the home market you ought to have your name on tlie case so it would be return- ed We make stamps of all kinds for all sorts of purposes. I.,et us send you our rubber stamp circular. AGICNCIJCS A list of our principal agencies will be mailed you on request. We can ship from stock such items as our regular hives. .sections, fo\indation, extractors, etc., from tliese agencies. Send your order direct to us if you prefer and request that we ship from nearest point and we will do so, saving you freight charges and giving you quick delivery. The A. I. Root Co., Medina, 0. 3* C ^C ^ V P V PC P'i^ PC PC PC PC PC PC September, iqoo. At Flir]t, Mlcl^igar) — Oqe Dollar a Year ADVEf^TISlNC t^ATES. All adTPrtieements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make lincb. Discounts will he given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, S times, 5 per cent; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, S5 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 80 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On SO lines and upwards, 8 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. QiaQBaiaiaQisisiaQSEiiaQiQBBBQGiQiaiaQ B Clubbing liist. 1 will send ihe Rkview with— (ileanicgs, (new) (81.00 Amrrican Bee Journal (new) ( l.Od CauMdiau Bee .Journal ( 1.00) Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) American Bee Keeper ( .50 The Southland Queen ( 1.00 Ohio FHrmer ( 1.00) Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5' Farm Pi.ultry (1.00 Rural New Yorker (1.00 The Ceutnry ( 4.00, Michigan Farmer ( l-^'^! Prairie Farmer • ( 1 00 American Agriculturist (100. Country Gentleman ( 2.5U) Hari)er s Magazine (4.0'') Harpers Weekly ( 4 00) Youths' Co panion (new) ( .75) ('osmi'po'.itan ( 1.0<1) Success, (1.00) J- _ cts. pays for year's subscription to Poultry- J-J Bee and Fruit Journal, Davenport, Iowa, if ^ ordered at once. Regular price, 35 cts. Practical, Progressive, Illustrated Journal for liee- Keepers. Published Moiillily by The W. T. Falconer "^ Jamestown, N Y Al y)cts a year. //. E. Hill, Edilor. Send for FRFK SAMPI^E COPY and in- vestigate its plan of exchanging Choice Italian Queens and Silver Dollars for Uee-keeping ld,.*as. Cash ami Queens FREE to Club Raisers, Anicricaii Bee-KBeper, ""Htv.'' Names of Bee • Keepers. TYPE WRITTEN. □ a , _ „ , g llUIIIUU Ul UUU llUUUUIUi B □ ' o B TYPE WRITTEN. B C3 B BRlBIBlCiriEiBCGCElJSiriBEiGCiEBDElBDfaBI The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several th< osand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest titates) . and. although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of doUars, I would furnish it to advertisers or others at J2.00 per thonsand names. The former price was J2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, 1 can furnish them at 92.00. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the name^- of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Here is a list of the States and the number of names in each State. Arizona 46 Ky . . . 182 N. C .60 Ark 130 Kans.. 350 NewMex.... 26 Ala ^0 La 38 Oregon 104 Calif. .378 Mo... 500 Oiiio i.iao Coo.. 228 Minn.. 334 Penn 876 Canada 846 Mich 1,770 R. 1 48 Conn... 162 Mass.. 275 H. C 40 Dak 25 Md ... 94 Tenn 176 Del 18 Maine, 200 Tex 270 Fla ...loo Miss.. .70 Utah 68 Ga 90 N.Y.. 1,322 Vt 1«0 Ind 744 Neb.... 345 Va I82 Ills Wi N J ... 1«0 VV. Va 17a Iowa. . 800 N. H... 126 Wash 128 Wis — 500 W.Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville. Ohio, hasaccepteda permanent i)osifiou in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are oflfered. 1 Coil Wire 60 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin aep- arators) at . .25 68 Covers at 15 6S Bottom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 80 Escapes at 16 BO Feeders ( Heddon Excelsior) at 26 30 Alley, Qneen and Drone traps, at 35 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and caies are well made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practically Bfl good aa new. Any one wishing to buy any- thing ont of this lot can learn faller partioa- lara npon inquiry. W Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint. Mi«h. ,.v« DADANT'S m K^^«i^:!S>;?^:?^^- «;^:?v;: •hji^:?vi: ^:^-v Iffl^: i*: :/*i:v •*; :^:; ■*: *f|l;r;^*: JifS:rii*: «£::;:•;: *1S:- ^^ Foundation 1 ^eCtlOHS i i i 1 i i By the new Wfe<7 Process is made in the best manner, up- on the best machines, and from the best wax — that free from dirt, pollen, propolis, burnt wax, etc., that decrease its tenacity and make it offensive to the bees. Every inch of foundation is guriranteed to be equal to the sample that will be sent upon application. L,angstroth on the Hon- ey llee, revised. Smokers, Tin Pails, Sections and other sup- plies. Send for circular. Dadant & Son, i i ::'f.li Hamilton, Ills. >!^. We make millions of them yearly; workmanship, smooth ness and finish can't be better. The basswood grows right here. If you want some good Ship- ping Cases, you can get them of us. A full line of Bee Supplies on hand. Write for illustrated cata logue and price list free. Marshfield Mfg. 00.,^""*^^;^: .1 m m m m i 'M m i i I.Rst winter's cut of basswood is the wliilf st ii li.Ts been for nianj' seasons. We are now making sections ont of this new stock and therefore are in a position to fnriii!-li yo\t with he very finest quality in tlie market. Lewis' White Polished Sections Are l>e fert in workmaiisliip and color. Oiileis shipjjid immediately n]>on re- ceipt. Five different styles of Kee- Hivts. A complete line of eveiylhing needed in the apiaiy. Lewis' Foundation Fastener simplest and best machine for the purpose. I'rice, ji do, withont lamp. G. B.LEWIS CO., WalertOWD. Wis., U.S A. Hranches: — G. H. I.,ewis Co., 19 So. Alabama St., Indiana]>olis, Ind. G. U. Lewis Co., 51.S First .■\ve., N. K. MinneatK)lis, Minn. Agencies: — I,. C. Woodman, ('.rand Kapids, Mich. I- red KonlRer & Sons, ogden, Utah. E. T. Ablxjtt, St. Joseph, Mo. Send for Catalog. m SPEGIiLNOTIGF. ii! :•.•..■.< •■■■iiH'. ;■.'.•.'• i i i Queens. For 20 years I have made a specialty of queen rearing. My apiary is located several miles from other bees; hence I am able to secure the mating of my queens with drones from the most desirable colonies. Spec- ial attetilion is given to the se- lection of l)oth queen-and-drone mothers from colonies that show marked industry, and cap their honey white. Safe arrival guaranteed, and every queen warranted to produce light yel- low, ;^-banded, gentle workers. Should a queen prove unsatis- factory, she will be replaced, or money refunded. Queen shipped the next day after the order is received, unless other- wise requested. Ready to ship June 1st. Price 75 cts. each. JAS. F. WOOD, No. Dana, Mass- 11 m m U m m m il m m i i I m m 'm ^M^mmmm^m m&smmmi i^^4ii.^'\'iM^ ROOT COMPANY'S PAGE. TIN PA CKA CRS I f you a re one of FOR i/OiV^l'-^K t'le people who market extract- ed honey in small lots yon will find our pails just what yon want. A dozen sizes and kinds to select from. We also furnish square cans, i quart, 2q\iart, I gallon and 5 gallons. A single can or carload as you wish. Write for ])rices. Qf 'iJiJ2VS We don't say much about ourq\ieens, do we? I sup- pose some of our friends wonder why. I^et us tell yon; We began selling queens ma n\' years ago. We know all about the business from A to Z. We have the best brcediiig queens to be found in this countrj' or Italy, and the best apiarist to be had. The result is, onr 400 colonies do not begin to furnish enough queens for our orders. Our queens are INSUKPASSKD. You will find it so if you try them. COMB FOUNDA- Perhaps you are TION MII^L, -^ *" *^3r from us, and rates are so high, that you want to make your own foundation. Dur mills are being im- proved constantly. If you want lo pur- chase a foundation mill send for pack- age of .samples, showing different styles we can furnish. .Send 2-cent stamp for these. nrSHFI, BOXES Bee-keepers are always looking tor labor saving ideas. Have you ever read our - page pamphlet " Hand- ling Farm Produce? " It is full of infor- mation and gives prices of Uushel Boxes and other things. I'ree for the asking. HONFY We buy a number of car- loads of comb and extracled each year. It you have secured a good crop .send us your offer. You don't have lo worry about the returns if yon sell to us. If you have extracted honey .send sample. If you have failed to se- cure enough for y..Hr home market let us supply you. We have honey engag- ed all over the country and can ship direct from the producer many times. CLASS HONEY We have all .sizes rACK'AaES ^ "^ ^''''■''"" J'"""' with aluminum or porcelain lined caps. All jelly tum- blers, 2 sizes, and glass pails, 4 sizes, a:id self-sealing jam jars. Besides these, we still have the four sizes square jars, which have long been on the mar- ket. Don't lorget us when you need glass packages for honey. Kl'BBER Have jou ever thought STAMPS '^ow handy it would be to use a rubber stamp to mark your honey cases, showing the grade? Then, too, if you sell in the home market you ought to have your name on the case so it would be return- ed We make stamps of all kinds for all sorts of purpo.scs. I,et us .send you our rubber stamp circular. AdENCIJCS A li.st of our i>rincipal agencies will be mailed you on request. We can ship from stock sticli items as onr regular hives, sections, foundation, e.xtractors, etc., from these agencies. .Send your order direct ions if you iireferand request that we ship from nearest point and we will do .so, saving you freight charges and giving you quick delivery. The A. I. Root Co, Medina, 0. October, 1900. At Fliqt, Micl^igaq — Or\e Dollar a Year flDVHt^TISlHG f^flTHS. AU advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. DiscooBts will be given as follows ; On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 85 per cent. On 20 lines and npwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On 80 lines and upwards, 8 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 60 per cent. Clubbing liist. 1 will send the Rbvxew with— Gleanings, (new) (51.00) American Bee Journal. ... (new) I l.Od) Canadian Hee Journal ( 1.00) Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) American Bee Keeper ( .50) The Southland Queen ( 1.00) Otiio Farmer ( 1.00) Farm Journal (Phila.) ( .5u' Farm Poultrv ( 1.00' Rural New Yorker (1.00' The Century f 4.00 Michigan Farmer ( l.OO) 1 Prairie Farmer P *^) ^ American Agriculturist (1.00) 1 Country Gentleman ( 2.50) 3 Harper 8 Magazine (4.01)). ... 4 Harper's Weekly ( 4 00) 4 Youths' Companion (new) (••'75) 2, ('o8mlis, Minn. .Agencies: — L C. WcKxIman, Grand Rapids, Mich. Fred Hovilger & Sons, Ogden, Utah. E. T. Ablxitt, St. Joseph, Mo. Send for Catalog. m m w m Queens. | For 20 years I have made a specilaty of queen rearing. My apiary is located several miles from other bees; hence I am able to secure the mating of my queens with drones from the most desirable colonies. Spec- ial attention is given to the se- lection of botli queen-and-drone mothers from colonies that show marked industry, and cap their honey white. Safe arrival guaranteed, and every queen warranted to produce light yel- low, 3-banded, gentle workers. Should a queen prove unsatis- factory, she will be replaced, or money refunded. Queen shipped the next day after the order is received, unless other- wise requested. Ready to ship June ist. Price 75 cts. each. JAS. F. WOOD, No. Dana, Mass- m m m ».5r-: m m m 1 B 0 Jr..- m m t^amm I ROOT COMPANY'S PAGE. TIN PA CKA GES If you are one of FOR HONEY '^^ the people who market extract- ed honey in small lots j'on will find our pails just what you want. A dozen sizes and kinds to select from. We also furnish square cans, i quart, 2 quart, I gallon and 5 gallons. A single can or carload as you wish. Write for prices. Ql'EENS We don't say much about our queens, do we? I sup- pose some of our friends wonder why. L,et us tell you: We began .selling queens many years ago. We know all about the business from A to Z. We have the best breeding queens to be found in this country or Italy, and the best apiarist to be had. The result is, onr 400 colonies do not begin to furnish enough queens for our orders. Our queens are UNSURPASSED. You will find it .so if you try them. TION MII^l, COMB FOUND A- Perhaps you are so far from us, and rates are so high, that you want to make your own foundation. Our mills are being im- proved constantly. If you want to pur- cha.se a foundation mill send for i)ack- age of sample.s, showing different styles we can furnish. Send 2-cent stamp for these. liVSHEl, BOXES Bee-keepers are always looking for labor saving ideas. Have you ever read our page pamphlet " Hand- ling Farm Produce?" It is full of infor- mation and gives prices of Bushel Boxes and other things. Free for the asking. HONEV We buy a number of car- loads of comb and extracted each year. If you have secured a good crop .send us your offer. \'o\\ don't have to worry about the returns if you sell to us. If you have extracted honey send sample. If you have failed to se- cure enough for j^our hoine market let us supply you. We have honey engag- ed all over the country and can ship direct from the producer many times. GLASS HONEV We have all sizes PACKAGES ^^^ "f ^'="'"" J"""^' with aluminum or porcelain lined caps. .\11 jelly tum- blers, 2 sizes, and glass pails, 4 sizes, and .self-sealing jam jars. Besides the.se, we still have the four sizes .square jars, which have long been on tlie mar- ket. Don't forget us when you need glass packages for honej'. RUBBER Have you ever thought STAMPS how handy it would be to use a rublier stamp to mark your honey cases, showing the grade? Then, too, if you sell in the home market you ought to have your name on the ca.se so it would be return- ed We make stamps of all kinds for all .sorts of purpo.ses. I,et us seu5 per cent. On 20 lines and npwards, 8 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, SO per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On XO lines and upwards, S times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 60 per cent. bbbbqbqqbqqbqbqqqbddbqqbbo Clubbing liist. 1 will send the Review with— GlpaniuKB. (new) (81.00) .... Jl. 75 AintricRn Boe Journal (new) ( l.Oi') 1.75 Caua^ ( OFFER \0. 35. ) ^15^ I I200, Red Clover f I QUEEN. $ .«v^^ On September I St last we announced that we finally had a red ^\^^ ^f clover queen fully equ il to the one we had years ago. The colonv of ^^^ ,^ this queen has given one of the most remarkable showings on red i^ •^1^^ clover of any bees we have ever had, notwithstanding the stock has -^^ Xf been robbed repeatedly of young larvie for queen rearing. The ^1^ ^ queen in question is an imported one, and therefore of the genuine 4^ •^^.^ pure leather-colored Italian stock. We have been sending out daugh- 5>|f^ >#f ters from her all the season, but we did not discover her value until ^1^ ,^ the clover season, second growth, came on, and then her colony so i^ ~^.^ out-distanced all the other 450 that she attracted attention at once.' :*2^ ■^f . It must be understood that these queens are not golden yellow ^(^ ^ neither are their bees of the five-banded stock. They are simply i^ -^.n^ leather colored Italians whose mother came direct from Italy. '*V^ * Since the notice appeareil regarding this queen we have hardly ^C*^ ^^ been able to supply all of the queens that were wanted from this t^ -^^ stock. ]>,I?,ny daughters of this queen we sent out earlier in the sea- ^i^ son before we knew her great value, and it now transpires that some ^If^ ^^ of the finest bees in the land are from queens we sent out early. We k^ •^^ are now booking orders for next season and make the following offer :^l^ >^f but no queens will be furnished except those who subscribe to Glean- ^(^ ^^ ings, and only one with each year's subscription. All arrearages L^ -^^ must be paid to the end of this year. Gleanings for 1901 and one un- :*2i^ ^f tested red clover queen, ^2.00. Gleanings one vear and a tested red ''C*'^ ^>^ clover queen, #4.00; a select tested red clover queen and Gleanings k^ riS ^"^ ^'^^^ ^°'' *^'^°°- ""^'^ '"''^^ ^^g'" '"ailing these queens in June 1901 ^5^ ^ T Orders are already being entered and the same will be filled in rota- ^C*^ ^^ tion Do not neglect to improve this opportunitv and get some choice i^ ^^ stock and send your order early so you may get the queen correspond- ^'^ ^f ingly early in the season. Since we discovered this ftock bv their ^IC^ ^^ superior honey gathering qualities, we have been measuring the i^ •^r^ tongues of different strains and we have now discovered that the bees *!&.► ^f of this strain are away ahead of evervthing else. We are usintr everv ^C^ ^^ precaution to winter this queen -afefy, but reserve the right in case of i^ -^^ her loss this winter to substitute from other select tested stock of this ^S^ V strain which we are holding in reserve, or to give the subscriber the ^C^ ^^ benefit of any of our other clubbing offers if desired. 7^ yjf For other special offers see page 394. ^fi^ J A. I. ROOT CO. Medina, 0. f y mwmB mw ;.;:^,,:)'v;;;y;|;:;::i.:j,^^;;ini:;;il| ::'':'fi^l^li^''^ll ..;;;•: '^ I;:- I'll,;, :;;j;,t:;,^;:!;': V 'v..i;:) ■■,;;;■;;;■,; Ml Ci',i'^'