UMASS/AMHERST 312066 0333 2754 2 ^i,iw-rj'.^ ;!■'; ;'^i-'..i -,^ ',i^ •-' • , i ; ■ ■ J ' ) ; ; ; ) ; I ( ' ■ 1 i! "if LIBRARY OF THE MA5 AG SOURCE. Per SF 521 B47 1896 \L ad?. w V Jan., 1896. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEv^ . flDVEf^TISIflG t^flTES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be givsn as follows : Oil 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Iiist. i will send the Review with— Gleanings, ($1.00) American Bee Journal ( l.OO) Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00) American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50) Progressive Bee Keeper... ( ,50) Apiculturist ( .75) .$1.75. . 1.75. . J. 75. . 1.40. . 130. . 1.65. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; aU the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," " No. 1 dark," etc. BUFFALO, N. Y. -Receipts liglit but demand very slow. Prices have to be stiaded sharp to move stock on hand at present. We quote as follows ; fancy white, 15 to 16 ; No. 1 white, 12 to 14; fancy dark, 7 to 8; white, extracted, 5 1o 0 ; dark, 4 to 4^. Beeswax, 25 to 28. BATTERSON & (^O . Jan. 17. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Bufifalo. N. Y. KANS.AS CITY, Mo.— Tlie demand for comb and extracted honey is from to good. We quote No. 1 white. 13 to 14 ; No. 2, white 12 to 13; No 1 amber. 11 to 12; No 2 amber, 8 to 10. Ex- white. 6 to 6)r^ : amber, 5 to 5'A ; dark, 4, Bees- wax, 22 to 25. C. C. CLEMONS (^O., . Jan. 25, 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.-We quote fancy Minnesota White, one-pound sections at 14 to 15 cents. California extracted honey in 60-lb cans, 7 cents J. A. SHEA & CO., 116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Nov. 21. "t: ALBANY, N. Y.— Our honey market is in good shape, although, as with other products, the prices are not high. Receipts are lighter than last year, and there is a good steady demand, but there is not a real scarcity of white honey. We quote as follows : white clover, (comb) 15 to 16 ; mixed, 12 to 14, dark, 9 to II. Extracted, White, 6J4ro 7 : amber, 5(4 to 6 ; dark, 5 to 5)4, H. R. WRIGHT, Nov. 9 Cor. Broadway and Hamilton Sts. CHICAGO, III.— White clover and Linden comb honey is scarce and commands a premium over other grades of white of one to three cents per pound. There is afairsupply of other grades wliich bring 12 to 13 cts. for white comb. Amber and dark range from 9 to 11 cts. Extracted is without special change ; the western ambers at 4'/2 to 5 ; white 5 to 6, and clover and basswood in cans and barrels 6 to 7. Beeswax 28 to 30. R. A. BURNETT & CO., Jan. IS. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, lU. NEW YORK, N. Y.— The market is quiet on all kinds of honey at present, with plenty of supply on hand. Would not advise shipment of buckwheat cornb honey, the demand for this being very limited. Bseswax finds ready sale at quotations. We (luote as follows : fancy white, 14 to 15; No. 1 white, 12 to 13; fancy amber, 11 to 12 ; fancy dark, 9 ; white, extracted, 6 ; amber 6% ; dark, 5. Beeswax 30 to 31. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, Jan. 15. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. R-I-P'A-N-S ONE GIVES RELIEF. I can advertise for B. F. Stratton & Son nf New York, and take my pay in MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. I have already bought in this way a guitar and violin for my girls and a flute for my- self. If you are thinking of buying an in- strument of any kind I should be glad to send you one on trial. If interested, write me for desciptive cirular and price list, say- ing what kind of an instrument you are thinking of getting. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. 3 ^-^^>^^r^mk'^4^-:f^ 18 a book of nearly 100 pag-es that begins with The Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the workers in time for the harvest, Then Hives and Their Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections, Supers and Sepa- rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arrang-ing- Hives and Building's and Shading the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing- Queens and Planting- for Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of Bees, Increase, Its Manag-ement and Control, and Contrac- tion of the Brood Nest are dul}^ considered: after which Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising- of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding- Back" are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Mig-ratory Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialt}- versus Mixed Bee -Keeping, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee- Keeping, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Rf.view one year and the book for SI. 25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, f/lieh. ■ :© THE BEE-KEEPERS RE VIE] R-i-p-a*n-s Tabules. Disease commonly comes on with slight symptoms, which when neglected increase in extent and gradually grow dangerous. If you SUFFER FROM HEADACHE, DYS- PEPSIA or INDIGESTION, If you are BILIOUS. CONSTIPATED, or have A DISORDERED LIVER, If your COMPLEXION IS SALLOW, or you SUFFER DISTRESS AFTER EATING, For OFFENSIVE BREATH and ALL DISOR- DERS OF THE STOMACH, . TAKE Rl PANS TABULES TAKE RIPANS TABULES TAKE RIPANS TABULES T^KE RIPANS TABULES Ripans Tabules act gently but promptly upon the liver, stomach and intestines ; cleanse the system effectually ; cure dyspepsia, habitual constipation, offensive breath and headache. One Tabule taken at the first indication of indigestion, biliousness, dizziness, distress after eating or depression of spirits, will surely and quickly remove the whole difficulty. Ripans Tabules are prepared from a prescription widely used by the best physicians, and are presented in the form most approved by modern science. If given a fair trial Ripans Tabules are an infallible cure ; they contain nothing injurious and are an economical remedy. One gives relief. A box will be sent, postage paid, on receipt of 50 cents by The Ripans Chemical Co., 10 Spruce Street, New York. (Sample vial, 10 cents.) i ONE i > GIVES < RELIEF id Local Druggists everywhere will supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. Tliey are Easy to Take. t'cKIy American Bee Journal send your address for a Free Sample ; or better, for 2.5c. a "'good taste," -17 numbers, 4 months- will be sent you. Why not try this trial trip ? It is better than ever ! Dr. C. C. Miller has a dept., "Questions and Answers," tor begin'rs. and nearly all of best bee-keepers in America write tor its columns. Among the Bee-Papers is a dept. wherein will be found all that is really new and valuable in the other bee-papers This is the bee-paper. Address, (,iEO. IV. VOKK &, CO., 5tf FiJ'tli Ave., CIII4 An the other hand, the less they contain and the less the work done up- on them the less the profit, if, indeed, it does not pass the vanishing point. The liberal feeding contemplated will turn a great army of quiet bees into active laborers and will induce the rearing of increased amounts of brood, and growing brood and active laborers require a large amount of food — we don't know how large but proba- bly more than one would guess, so the econ- omy is seen of aiding the bees so far as we can by giving them the best possible comb to fill, as in other ways, so that the work they have to do may be finished at the earliest possible moment that the wages they exact o .s a "1. £ 0 > a 0 n weight chamber (V s 3 a 0 ^ .2 js a ^ .9 ° 'V II X, 73 S 0 0 p '3 ■s § cs f 0 s> a < No. 1 51-8 73-12 97-12 213-4 122.2 46-7 22 53-13 No. 2 57-8 «3-4 67-12 137-8 78.3 41-6 25 11-6 No. 3 55 84 7+ 127-8 73 24-5 29 19-11 be small, because, otherwise, an opportunity is furnished for the production of a large amount of brood whose value beyond a certain limit cannot be great and whose production must cost the consumption of an indefinitely large amount of the honey fed, and also because, otherwise, room is given for the storage of a large amount of in the shape of food may be stopped. The matter of the amount of honey required for food while the bees are in a state of activity, and for the production of the wax needed to carry the work to completion is one of very great importance as may be seen from the details of the results of an experiment which are given in the accompanying table. THE "BEE-KEEPERS' lifiJVIEW. The experiment referred to was made for several purposes ; one of wliich was to show the results that may be expected to follow a disregard of some of the principles stated in the fore-going. Not having a supply of honey for the purpose I used granulated sugar which was made into a syrup by boil- ing a certain amount of water and adding an equal quantity of sugar by weight. In the process of preparation there was an evaporation such that the weight pat in was 14. Gf) per cent greater on the average than that taken off. The feeding was begun the 10th of August last and required four and a half weeks for its completion. The three colonies employ- ed were dark hybrids of more than the av- erage strength of the apiary. Each colony had a brood chamber consisting of a two- section Heddon hive with a fair amount of brood for that season in a year of great dearth of bee pasturage. The sections to be filled were all furnished with foundation only and one case was given to one of the colonies and two to each of the others. The feed was supplied to the bees in pans placed above the sections and was given as rapidly as it could be taken. The greatest care was taken in keeping a record of the amount fed, the amount given each time being weighed separately. During the greater part of the time when feeding was going on there was a moderate amount of honey being gather- ed, sufficient however to supply most of the apiary with abuiidant winter stores not- withstanding previously the danger that most of the colonies would have to be fed for winter seemed imminent, and many stored a considerable surplus in empty combs. It cannot of course be determined how much honey the colonies under consid- eration gathered. Probably not nearly so much so as they would have done had they not been receiving feed, and judging from the results, one of the three gathered much less than either of the others. If this was so, it resulted from the ditterence in the char- acteristics of the bees of the different col- onies. All three certainly brought in large quanities of pollen. It will be noticed that in the table the weight of each brood chamber before and after the feeding is given and to that is add- ed the weight of each at the time of putting them into winter quarters. In the next col- umn appears the weight of the liquid food given each and that is followed by figures f showing the amount of dry sugar that went to make up the syrup, then after the weight *> of the honey produced and the gain in the weight of the brood chamber, comes, last of all, the amount of sugar which has disap- peared entirely, and this upon the assump- tion which is a somewhat violent one that one pound of dry sugar made but one pound of ripened syrup. But if we assume that a pound of sugar made one and one-fourth pjunds of sugar honey, the figures showing the amounts consumed would be greatly changed, and, disregarding fractions, we find No. 1 consumed 84 lbs.. No. 2, :51 lbs., and No. 3, 38 lbs. The question, what has become of these large amounts is a puzzling one, but our ability to answer it at least sufficiently to en- able us in practice to greatly reduce them is the point upon which the answer to the question, can feeding back be made profit- able, must turn. As bees have never been suspected of casting good syrup out of the hive we may assume that it was all used legitimately in carrying on the work of the hive but for different purposes as it answers for food, fuel and building material. It would be rash for one to undertake to say for which of these surposes the greatest amount was used, but probably if the facts could begot at it would be that for food if we include under that head all that is used for the nourishment of the brood as well as that portion of the honey consumed by the mature bees, and needed to make, with the pollen consumed^ a balanced ration. This disposition of the matter would leave the honey or syrup consumed by the bees more than that to be divided and ascribed to the other two purposes that of creating heat aud that of producing wax. The only point that remains to be noticed in this matter is the method by which the expenditure of material for any of the pur posed above defined may be curtailed. The expenditure for food pure and simple could not be judiciously decreased to any great extent. That of the mature bees could not be decreased at all (if the work were done at that season for the same length of time) and that of the brood only to the ex- tent the brood itself might be safely decreas- ed. As bees at the season mentioned are seldom inclined to rear much more brood than is necessary to bring the colony through in good condition to the next spring, not very much could have been saved here 10 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. this case, but all that ceuld have been done in this direction would have been accom- plished without danger of curtailing the brood too much by allowing each colony a brood chamber of a single section instead of two. Earlier in the season when bees are inclined to give much more attention to the rearing of brood such cutting down of the brood chamber would without question effect a large saving in the expenditure of food. The contraction of the brood cham- ber would prove very effective in other ways, especially in the saving of honey as fuel, as the size of the space to be warmed would 1)6 greatly lessened and a much greater per- centage of bees would be forced into the surplus cases where heat is especially need- ed while the working of wax is going on ; and, too, the amount of the food given stor- ed in tlie brood chamber would be cut down about one half. (See account of my feed- ing back experiment made in 181)3.) Again, the choosing of the season from the middle of July to the middle of August would be an advantage in all ways, for the heat of the sun would serve largely to keep up the temperature which must otherwise be maintained by the consumption of fuel, the amount of food would also be de- creased to some extent, and, as comb is made thinner and so goes farther in hot than in cool weather a substantial economy in the saving of building material would re- sult. I shall only continue this to mention one other point already referred to, which is hardly excelled by any in importance as an element in securing the highest success, viz. the providing the bees with sections containing comb well worked out and part- ly filled with honey, such as are usually plen- tiful at the close of the early honey harvest instead of empty sections. This is an ad- vantage in many ways. The combs are in condition for the process of filling to pro- ceed at once, and comparatively little wax needs to be produced, so that the work is greatly hastened and the consumption of honey saved in every direction. The honey, also, in such sections, which is unsalable in that condition, is doubled in value by the completion of the sections ; indeed, without the motive of bringing such sections to a salable condition feeding back should sel- dom be undertaken. Review Notes for the Past Year. L. A. ASPINWALL. 11' Lapeek, Mich. .Jan., 10, 189(5, s age brings in- to requisition the powers of re- flection, so old December with its icy fetters which stay the activity of our bees, brings also long evenings for review. This retrospective is a wonderful gift, en- abling us by logical deductions, to compre- hend more of tlie future, and plan our work with greater accuracy. However, Nature in her climatic changes often thwarts our best made plans. But, withal — " Slie is 80 coLstant in tlie main. That both sower and reaper sliaro in the gold- en grain. " A review of the passing year recalls com- plete success in wintering. No losses to chronicle, no changes in the plan, other than the use of high stands set forth in the Nov. "Review. " At the present writing, I find them thoroughly dry and otherwise all that could be desired. The spring, although late, found me with strong colonies. A plenteous yield of honey from the sugar maple, golden willow and fruit blossoms, induced several swarms during the period of apple bloom. As usual, the Carniolans were conspicuous in being the first to issue. Unfortunately the non swarming attachments were not applied until later. During the months of April and May sev- eral colonies manifested the infection known as " bee paralysis. " By the first of June I found fully one quarter of my colonies more or less affected. Although I expended more time and labor in overcoming the disease, than all else beside in the apiary, I feel quite well repaid inasmuch as a permanent cure was effected in all with a single exception. This, however, was treated radically differ- ent from the others, and will probably serve to demonstrate the plan another season. Although attended with less labor, more interest centered in the non swarmers. They were applied to nineteen of my strongest colonies early in -Tune. As a result but one swarm issued from them, while all colonies without the attachments cast swarms. I will state in this connection, that the single rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 11 issue was from a deep-frame hive. Owiny to the extremely poor season, brood rearing was curtailed to such an extent, that the dummy combs impeded the queen in her work of laying, resulting in an attempt at supersedure. But two queen cells were con- structed. The shallow frames and conse- quently smaller dummies were more favora- ble to the travel of the queen. The objection, however, I have overcome by making pass- age ways for the queen, not only at each end, but along the top and throughout the length two and a half inches apart. With this change a marked difference was manifest in the work of the queen. Mr. F. L. Thompson having one of the non swarmers on trial in a deep-frame hive, had a similar case of supersedure, but the old queen was not liv- ing at the time of issue. After removing the cells, and returning the swarm all work- ed well. I look upon this season's experience as most valuable in enabling me to discover the importance of additional passage ways for the queen. They are especially neces- sary if from a dearth of honey or otherwife the brood nest becomes diminished, natur- • ally limiting the travel of the queen. I hope to give more of detail by an illustrated arti- cle in the near future. Although the poor- est honey season 1 ever know, and withal nearly one half of the pasturage cut off by the city of .Jackson ; to which may be added the imperfect working of the dummy combs, and experiments with bee paralysis, still, I obtained as high as twenty five pounds of comb honey from several colonies, while those which stored little or no surplus were heavy with honey. In contrast, the swarm- ing colonies, as well as the swarms, were al- most destitute of stores at the close of the season. Judging from these facts, what may we expect from non swarmers in good seasons ? I presume some one will say, swarms. This closed the summer : and autumn was ushered in with another occasion for feed- ing. Although with plenty of atmospheric feeders on hand, which have a capacity of one pound per hour, still the work lingered until about the middle of < )iJtober. As these feeders are designed to supply food directly above the cluster, they may be used quite late. Owing to pressure in other lines of business, the matter of feeding and other- wise preparing for winter was consecjuently delayed beyond what I would recommend as being best. However, my bees are, com- paratively speaking, exceptionally secure against a severe winter. With December closes the "Review" of '95— yet as a bee keeper I want the !)(i reports from the experimental station in charge of Hon. R. L. Taylor, also the experiences of Mr. B. Taylor, as well notes from foreign journals by F. T^. Thompson, and the general review by friend Hasty. I might mention the Editor and others, but with my best wishes for the New Year, send the Review for isyc, Jackson, Mich. Dec. 11, \K)r>. Hygienic Living. ALLEN PBINGLE. TN the October i Review I read an editorial para- graph which gave me some pain and much thought, and I had a strong im- pulse to write an article for the Re- view with the par- agraph as a text. Two reasons de- terred me. I wa? very busy, as usual ; and the advice I proposed to give had not been asked. But when a card comes to me from the editor asking for an article for next issue, and telling me to choose my own sub- ject, I have no hesitation in choosing the subject which the paragraph referred to suggested. I may have sent a mental or psychological dispatch to the editor of the Review at the time when my mind was filled with that paragraph, and it may have raached him through the air or ether with- out the aid of pen, wire, or phone, all of which I believe to be quite possible. Be that as it may, the response cams without any communication of the ordinary kind or by the ordinary methods. The editor of the Review in the paragraph referred to, told how nearly all the apiarian editors— himself. Root, York and Holterman — were on the sick list, he himself having been " under the weather a good share of the past summer. " Then in the next issue of the Review (Nov. ) he tells us about the illness of his little daughter Ivy at whose bedside he had been 12 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW^ " almost constantly for 4 weeks. " When he says "Only those who have pasFsd through such experiences know how terrible, terrible they are, " his many friends will know how to feel for himself and family and sympa- thize with them. Now, I am strongly impressed that no article I could write on any branch of bee- culture would be half so useful or do half as much good as an article on hygienic and physiological living. 1 must, therefore, fol low my better judgement and best moral sense in this matter. But such an article is out of place in a bee-journal, says the reader and possibly the editor. I beg to say it is not out of place. Nothing anywhere is out of place which is at the time needed in that place and useful in that place. A lower view of the matter also justifies the article. It is this : If the editor of the Bee-Keep- er's Review is half the time " under the weather" more or less, and some of the family the other half, how can the readers and supporters of the Review get the valu- able services from their editor they look for and are entitled to ? Of course I know they would quite unanimously sympathize rather than murmur, but that is not just here the point. " A touch of Nature makes us all akin ; " and there will be no complaint ; but the editor of the Review will feel so much better mentally and morally when he is phys- ically able to perform the full editorial du- ties which he is so willing to perform, and which in health, he is so well able to perform. And that is not all. Here are the other editors down too. There must be something wrong. What is it ? And as these other editors all read the Review the advice I pro- pose to give will reach them all. It will also reach the whole constituency of the Review — a select constituency no doubt, but liable to sickness all the same, and needing hygie- nic light all the same. Need I argue further that this article ought to be written ? But. says the reader, " you are not a doctor. Why should you assume to instruct and ad- vise us out of your line ? Why should we have confidence in you and follow your advice ? " Hold on a bit ! I will tell you why. And I must be a little personal here, but that will be overlooked in a good cause and with good intentions. It is true I am nc t a doctor, that is, I am without the parch- ment. It is, however, also true that 1 know more about hygienic living than three- fourths of the doctors — perhaps nine-tenths of them. This is not egotism : it is simple fact. If the doctors understand hygienic living they don't practice it. Their business is to cure sickness, not to prevent it. My aim is to prevent it, and when it does come, to cure it in a natural, physiological way in- stead of by drug poisons which " do but cure one disease by producing another, " so one of the most eminent of them tells us. Be- ginning at the age of 15 I made a special study of how to live hygienically, avoid sick- ness, and prolong life. The result was I saved myself, when the doctors failed to save my brotherf — all of whom died premature- ly, between the ages of 10 and '2r>. I know whereof I speak. I had the strongest kind of motive to study these subjects thorough- ly— the motive of self-preservation. The deceased brothers were, some of them, stronger constitutionally than ever I was, and had I depended on the doctors as they'did I should have gone with them. But I hap- pened to have youthful sense enough, and resolution enough, to turn my back on the drug shops and face the light of nature, and drink deeply at the fountain of Hygiea. I also turned my back on many of the popular, though unphysiological, habits of living so common everywhere. ( Remember sickness is common everywhere too. ) I did all this, not on the advice of a doctor, but at the suggestion of a physiologist and hygienist whose equal I have never since met — who understood the whole human organization mentally and physically — who warned me that I would never reach maturity unless 1 studied the laws of health and obeyed them. I was then about 14 or 15 : am now about 55. The reader will thus see how and why I came to make these vital questions a special study. I acted on the advice, which was of infinite more value to me than Vanderbilt's millions would have been. I eagerly ab- sorbed Physiology, Hygiene, and kindred subjects. I studied the whole human organ- ism from head to foot — mind and body — not even neglecting the occult, psychological side of human nature — whicli explains the reference at the outset to 'mental telegra- phy. " I also went into the different medi- cal systems to decide which one I should select — intending to adopt one as a life pro- fession. I had no hesitation in selecting the " Hygieo-Therapeutic " system as embrac- ing more truth than any of the others, and studied it. It is really hygienic treatment without drug poisons except as antidotes to riiI or ".» months at the College which was required no matter what one's previous qualitications. I had my trunk packed and was nearly ready to start to put in that (1 mouths at the Shrine Esculapius when a little incident ( which I need not mention here ) occurred, and turn- ed the whole current of my life. I was then about '24. Though my course of life took other directions, I never lost the intense in- terest in everything pertaining to mind and body — to human life, human health. And I have always felt it a duty to point out to others the course that saved and prolonged my own life. I have done this in season and possibly out of season with tongue and pen. Mr. Editor, and Mr. reader, ( friends ), I think I need write no more by way of apol- ogy for the text at the head of this article. But I have occupied so much space already by way of introduction and explanation that I cannot do more just now than set out the great fundamental and essential points of hygienic living. If all the editors should get sick together again, and the biggest one of them all ( no offense to the others — he must be, I should say, about G feet in stat- ure ) should send me another card for an article, saying on the card " choose your own subject, " ten to one there would be a sim- ilar choice at this end of the line : but then there would be no apology or explanation to make next time. Taking the common every-day life of the people, the principal mistakes are made in eating, drinking, and breatliing* Then comes bathing and raiment— or rather want of bathing and wrong raiment. Take eat- ing first, and the leading article of diet, bread, which is said to l)e " the staff of life, " but, as commonly used, it is really the road to death. That would be a better definition of almost all bakers bread, and even home- made bread made of " tine " and " " sui)er- fine" flour. The human throws tlie best of the wheat kernel to the lower animals and takes the worst for himself. In the "shorts" or "middlings," he throws the gluten, the nourishing and strengthing ele- ment of the grain, to the animal and takes the starch for his own food, upon which alone either himself or the animal would starve to death in a short time. It has been proved that a man or dog would soon starve on fine flour bread alone, while either will thrive almost indefinitely on broad made from the meal of the whole wheat. This is, of course nothing new, yet, people general- ly go right on eating the stuff and taking the consequences. Such bread is not only innu- tritions but constipating, and constipation, so prevalent, is the parent of much other mischief in the system. The only way to get good wholesome bread, which you will positively know to be such, is to get good clean wheat and have your miller grind it for you without any bolting, and then at home sift out simply the coarsest of the bran — the outside husk. Take what's left and bake it into bread or " gems. " The latter are the better because they are " rais- ed " and made light by air instead of poi- sonous gases as in the case with the f remen- ted bread. The so-called " aerated bread, " if made of the above wheat meal, and really " raised " with atmospheric air, with all fer mentation excluded, is, of course, whole- some bread. But you will observe there is an " if " there. The "gems " are really the best, and can be made in twenty minutes, and may be eaten warm. Stir the wheat meal rapidly in pure soft water till it be- comes so thick that when put in the little " patty-pans " it will not settle to an even surface, and bake in a quick oven. The air incorporated in the dough in mixing it expands in the oven and " raises " the bread making it light. Eat these with honey, and butter if you must have it — but fresh and without much salt. As to meat, the less the better for all whose occupations are sedentary without much outdoor exercise. Fat, salt pork is not fit to eat at all by anybody. Fresh beef and mutton from healthy animals, if thoroughly cooked, are perhaps the least ob- jectionable kinds of meat. But the vegeta- ble kingdom affords the best supply — and an ample supply — of human food. Let the lower carnivorous animals eat the flesh, and those also of the " higher " (?) carnivorous animals who still eat each other, but the civ- ilized man will ultimately rise above it. The physiological argument against meat as human food may be stated briefly thus : The only source of nutriment is the vegeta- ble kingdom, so that when we eat meat to get nutriment we only get tliat at second- 14 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, hand— which the animal eaten had previous- ly drawn from the only and exclusive source of nutrition. The moral argument against meat as human food is that itanimalize^ us —stimulating, not the intellect and moral sentiments, but the animal propensities. "What on earth shall I eat without meat" says the meat eater. Eat wheat, rye, barley, oats, peas, buckwheat, beans, rice, common potatoes and scores of other roots and veg- etables properly prepared ; and eat fruit of a hundred kinds to your heart's ( that is your stomach's ) content. Always provided your stomach is content with a reasonable quantity at the right times — and that means what our system needs, not what your per- verted tastes clamor for. If your appetite, instead of reason, still control you, begin this hour to discipline yourself. It will pay in the end, and you will get more genuine enjoyment in the end too. To drop liquors, tobacco, tea, coffee, confectionery, greases and gravies, condiments generally, fat pork, foul fish, rich pastries, superfine bread, etc. etc., — or, for those who have not been ad- dicted to all these evils, to drop only a few of them, is, I admit, no easy matter, and only a comparatively few have the will-pow- er equal to the occasion. But those wlio cannot drop all their bad habits at once can drop one or two at a time and gather strength of mind as well as body as they go along. If human tastes and appetites were normal and unperverted as in the lower animals in a state of nature, they might be safe guides as to quantity and quality of food and drink. But when they are not, reason, the will-power, and the moral sense must take charge of and control those appe- tites and passions. But the fact is the latter are still so much stronger in the mass of mankind than the former that they practi- cally hold sway ; and hence it is a discour- aging and almost hopeless task, not to con- vince them of the error of their ways, but to induce them to " cease to do evil and learu to do well, " physically as well as morally after they are convinced. Next to bad food, and food at improper times and in wrong quantities, comes bad drinks. Under the head of bad drinks, commonly used, come intoxicating liquors of all kinds, impure milk, impure and hard water, tea, coffee, etc. If people but knew how much sickness, suffering and death these are responsible for — even leaving out the liquors — it might cause them to halt a little. Almost all the milk used in towns and cities is more or less impure, and not a little of it contains the fatal germs of dis- ease. The official inspections and analysis are for the most part no protection at all to the consumer. They simply decide as to whether the milk has been watered or not. They do not decide as to the presence or absence of disease producing germs. Un- der present conditions the consumer's only safety is in boiling the milk thoroughly be- fore using, and even that is not an absolute protection. As to water, almost all used, both in country and city, is impure, and much of it contaminated more or less with the deadly germs of disease. The people have no idea of the amount of sickness and death that come to them through this cause. They cannot see thA deadly spores with the naked eye and hencs ignore them. The glass of water which looks pure, clear and sparkling, so grateful to the thirsty palate, may be laden with disease germs, or it may be so hard — holding so much mineral in solution that, though not having any proxi- mate evil effect, has its cumulative and more remote effects producing painful and fatal chronic diseases of the kidneys and other organs. Nearly all well and even spring water is " hard, " and hard water is unwholesome even though free from germs and other organic impurities. What then, must be the effects of the water which is not only loaded with mineral impurities, but with organic, and also spores V I may state here, while in mind, a very important fact which often misleads parents and even doctors, with, not infrequent, fatal results. It often hapiens that one or more in a fam- ily are taken with acute disease, or develop chronic di.-ease, while the rest escape — all of them usijg the sa:iie food, drink, air, etc. If the disease is some form of fever, or other contagious disease, it is assumed at once that it was " caught " somewhere outside the household, else had the cause been in the food, drink or air of the iiousehold all would have been affected. This is a dat - gerous mistake, for the cause is not then looked for at heme and removed. It may have been " caught " abroad and it may have been contracted at home — often the latter. That all were not attlicted is no evidence to the contrary. Here is another stray fact of equal importance : It often happens that one ailment after another, prcjfessionally called " complications, " makes its appear- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 15 ance in the patient soon after the medication on the original disease begins. This is apt to occur in the case of fevers. No sooner is the first trouble "cured" than another su- pervenes, when it, too, is drugged and cured only to give place to another, and so on, the patient losing vitality all the time. These "complications " under drug treatment are nothing less than drug diseases. They are successively caused or superinduced by the medication. They never occur under proper hygienic treatment. Nearly every ailment known to humanity can be produ- ced in well people by the administration of the various drug poisons of the Allopathic Pharmacoepia. Let any competent drug doctor deny this and he will find me ready in the proper place to substantiate it. In- deed only a few of them know it. If they did they would be wilful murderers in con- tinuing to " cure one disease by producing another " worse one till the patient dies. This is what happened with Prince Albert, the husband of Victoria, who had but a slight indisposition at first, but the doctors were called, drugs given, the first trouble suppressed, but another induced, and one " complication " after another drugged and drugged till his life was drugged and stim- ulated out of him — not intentional of course, but scientifically ( ? ) and successfully all the same. "The more doctors the more danger " as a rule. Of course the surgeon has his place, and the specialist has his ; but the average drug-doctor, on general principles, who believes that medicines, instead of the vis Medicatrix Saturae, cure diseases, and that a man " ought to be poisoned because he is sick" ought to have no place at the bed-side. But to return to water. What is the rem- edy ? Take the cleanest soft water you can get and filter it, or boil it thoroughly, for drinking and domestic use. Kain water boiled or filtered is all right. Kaoka (home made) at meals may be substituted for tea and coft'ee. We now come to breathing. Everybody breathes, but hardly anybody knows just how to breathe or what to breathe. And the evils arising from this ignorance are tre- mendous and lamentable, because this is the most vital function. ^Ve may live for days without eating, but not long without breathing. How to breathe : Breathe through the nostrils — not the mouth— and breathe deeply. What to breathe : Breathe as pure air as possible, night and day, sum- mer and winter. Many people say by their actions that pure air is neccessary through the day, but not at night. They close every opening to their sleeping-rooms and keep the fires agoing. What with the lungs of the stoves and the human lungs in the room — all consuming oxygen— the air is soon positively poisonous, and this they breathe till morning, when they find themselves feeling heavy with headache, etc., wonder- ing what the cause of it all is ! They would be dead in the morning only for the key hole and little cracks where the air finds its way in. Let everybody remember, and never forget it, that air breathed once or twice is no longer fit to breathe again, and that the worst kind of so-called " night air " outside the house is not one tenth as bad as the vitiated air inside. Many people imag- ine, too, that cold air is pure. Not necess- arily : it may be just as foul as the heated air. I cannot go into the " bathing and rai- ment " and other matters here, as this arti- cle is perhaps already too long. The gist of hygienic living and hygienic medication may be summed up briefly thus: First, exercise the faculties of mind and body as evenly and normally as possible, avoiding the excessive action of some and the deficient action of others, for health consists in a balance of function. Second, use plain, wholesome food, proportioning the amount to the amount of exercise : in other words let the eating correspond with the breathing, as the food taken into the stomach must be oxygenated in the lungs or it is worse than useless — clogs the system and impairs the blood. The less fresh air, exercise, and breathing, the less food can be properly assimilated. Third, breathe pure air, and drink pure water as a beverage, and leave all stimulants alone, such as liqu- ors, tobacco, tea, coffee, and condiments generally. Fourth, keep the skin clean and the pores open by regular bathing, frequent change of linen, and exercise. Eifth, use raiment for the comfort and protection of the body rather than for show, and keep the head cool and the feet warm. Sixth, if you get sick give nature a chance, for it is nature that cures every time. All the best nurse or doctor can do is to assist her. Rest, quiet, cleanliness, pure air and water, com- fortable temperature, cheerful surroundings — these are the hygienic remedial influences 16 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEVf. for the sick room, with special application as the case may require. A general princi- ple of treatment may be stated here of vast and vital importance which applies in all diseases, but which is usually ignored in pop- ular practice. It is this ; Balance the cir- culation. In all acute diseases — in all fev- ers, inflamations and congestions — the cir- culation is unbalanced — there is too much blood in some parts of the system and too little in others. The tirst thing to do in such cases is to restore the balance as far as possible — not by barbarously drawing the blood out of the system altogether, but by drawing it from one part to another by warm applications, as a rule, where it is de- ficient and cool where it is excessive. Dis- ease is simply an effort of the system to purify itself — to cast out poisons and ob- structions, and repair damages. This re- medial action is sometimes too concentrated and violent, as in high fevers, inflammations and congestions, and should be distributed by balancing the circulation. If your doctor is not doing this and attending to the hy- gienic conditions noted above, but is sim- ply giving you poisons to " cure " you, dis- charge him, and take your chances with Hy- fjiea, as you will be better without him. Seventh and last, do what good you can to your fellows, and keep a clear conscience that you may enjoy life and sleep abundant- ly. Selby Ont. Jan. 10 V1'M\. Apis Dorsata and Other Large Bees. .1. E. GISANK. I notice occasion- al references in ^ m bee- journals to 'S W Apis Dorsata: •• -zMt tSl^^R whether it is like- ly to prove of val- ue or otherwise, and a few thoughts in reference to it may not be ont of place at this time. As is well known, Apis Dorsata is a native bee of Southern Asia and adjacent islands, is much larger than our domesticated bees and builds its combs upon the under- side of the branches of tall trees. Apis Testacea seems to be a variety or closely allied species to Apis Dorsata whose home is among the islands of Malaysia or the Indian archipelago and in most respects quite like Apis Dorsata. Both varieties are described as somewhat ferocious aud their stings very severe ; Although I believe Mr. Benton was able to subdue them readily. The outlook is, not to say the least, very hopeful, but when we remember their su- perior size and active habits, their ability to gather honey and build comb, I for one have a lingering desire to possess them. Because this bee has not been domesti- cated does not prove it incapable of domes- tication. The yellow bees of Italy, known to Virgil and Aristotle, have but recently been dissem- inated over the earth. Because Apis Dorsata is a native of the tropics does not prove its unfitness for the more temperate regions of the Earth. While it is true that most ani- mals, birds, and plants are not adapted to a wide range of climate there are many no- table exceptions. Naturalists are not agreed as to wlietherour domestic fowls came from one or more original species, but all unite in the opinion that all the various breeds came originally from southern Asia. The silkworm is also traced to the same locality. We are told that our humble or (Bumble) Vjees are found as far south as the equator, and one of our arctic explorers found one in northern Greenland quite at home. More than this, our common hive bees are found not only in temperate regions of the earth but within the tropics as well. I am not sure that anyone can tell us where Apis mellifica was first domesticated. The earli- est records of its being cared for by man are from Egypt, so far as I know, which would indicate that its early home was either western Asia or northern Africa. The habit of Apis Dorsata of building its combs upon the under side of the branches of trees would seem to be a serious objec- tion, but we sometimes find our hive bees doing something quite like it. During the past season I had a colony leave the hive and go underneath and build its combs and start its honey on the underside of the bottom board. Still, we can not help thinking that this habit of comb building would make Apis Dorsata, for the present, unprofitable and their honey of little value except for the extractor. THE BEE-KEEPERS' BR VIEW. 17 Could we find a bee twice the si/e of the common bee, stroug and active and withal building its combs in a hollow receptacle it would seem to be a decided acquisition. May we not expect to find something of this sort in Southern Asia ? It is idle to say that had there been such kind of bees they would have been introduced before this. Let us remember it is only forty or fifty years since the large Asiatic breeds of fowls, that have proved so valuable, have been imported. Great Britian alone claims to have ;W0 species of wild bees, which are, a large part of them, of the type of our hum- ble bees. How many species of bees closely allied to our domestic bees there may be in Southern Asia no one knows, but we be- lieve that among them some will be found of great value to the honey producing inter- ests of the world. In.lookingover an old vol. of the Ameri- can Bee Journal I came across the follow- ing under the title A CHINESE BEK. "The Apicoltural Section of the Entomo- logical Society at its annual meeting in Paris August, 1874, made many interesting state- ments. M. Durand Saint Armand, a gov- erment officer in Cochin China, states that the country possesses a bee twice the size of ours, which, consequently, ought to have a probocis long enough to extract the honey from red clover which is known to be very abundant. This bee is found in great num- bers all along the coast, in a wild state, in hollow trees, and the natives hunt them for their wax. The extensive forests of this coutry are leased for the product of wax which is to be sold to the Chinese. " Here then would appear to be our bee twice the size of Apis mellifica and living like them in hollow trees. Can not our bee- keeping friends in France give us more in- formation in regard to these bees ? I be- lieve a large portion, if not all, of Cochin China is now in the hands of France. I should not have thought so much of this statement had I not in conversation with a returned missionary learned of the same, or a similar bee, under domestication by the Chinese in western China. As he was a young man, a native of this town, brought up on a farm, I felt that his statements were worthy of entire confidence. He said the bees of Western China were in size midway between our hive bees and the bumble bee, and were, like our domestic bees, kept in hives ; and must be of gentle disposition as he had seen a colony clustered in a crowded street yet no one seemed afraid of them. I had hoped before this to have secured speci- mens of them, but owing perhaps to the un- settled condition of the country I have not as yet received them. I supposed when he first told me of them that they were the Apis Dorsata which the Chinese had domestica- ted, but I now think they must belong to another species. With the opening of the interior of China to the commerce of the world it may be possible to secure these bees, which may prove of much greater value than Apis Dor- sata. Or they may be brought by the French from a point much farther south. MiDDLEBUKv, Vt. Dec. 11, 1895. Heating Honey— Some Thoughts on Over- Stocking. Vli. V. C. M.LIiEK. T HAVE no little ± contempt for the present outrageous system of spelling the English langu- age, and so when you write " liqui- fy " and " liquified " instead of "liquefy" and "liquefied" I don't mind it a great deal, but when you Mr. Editor, unite with our experimental friend — something not right about that — guess I mean verified friefld at any rate, when you and Hon. R. 1j. Taylor unite as you do on pages :W> and IvU; to put " liquification " for "liquefaction,"! object to your manufac- turing a word that is better in no way and longer by one syllable. In spite of that I was very much interested inthat" Honey and Heat" article, and feel that it is no little satisfaction to have so much definitely settled. I think Bro. Taylor has settled that heat may produce a change in honey before it reaches 16.") \ I am inclin- ed to think it would be a pretty safe thing to say that honey is injured by a temperature of Kth-, although Bro. Taylor goes hardly so far as that. 18 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEv^i . Another point that seems to be settled, although I don't feel so sure about that, is that a continuance of 145° of heat will en- tirely liquefy granulated honey. Now if our good brother would continue his experi- ments a little farther I think he would do valuable service. The question to oe an- swered is this : ' ' Does a continuance of 14.')° make any change in the quality of honey ? and if so, how long must that temperature be maintained to produce the change ? " Now if 14r)° will liquefy houey, and if with- out too much trouble it can be held at that point until liquefied, it might be a good rule to say that in liquefying honey it mnst not be allowed to go above 145°. On page ;>40 F. Ij. Thompson endorses Marvin's saying, " When the season is poor for 200 colonies, it is poor for four, and when good for 200, it is good for GOO, all in the same yard. " I arise to remark that I'm not on speaking terms with that man Thomj)- son until he withdraws his endorsement. The saying is one of that class that contains just enough truth to make it dangerous. Don't see how it can be dangerous ? Well, let me show you. Here's a sentence uttered by James M. Marvin, one of the successful veterans, whese word goes a good ways with me, and it is endorsed by F. L. Thompson, a man I hold in high esteem — always bar- ring the grudge I hold against him for reading Ij'Apicoltore in a language I can- not master — and basing my practice on their word I increase my home apiary to 200 colonies, A dead failure comes, but I say the season was poor, and I would have done no better if I had had only four colonies, and as year by year goes on with the same result, and I keep up my number of colonies with the aid of the sugf^r barrel, my faith in that sentence simply keeps me from gettiug some good crops that I might have with a smaller number. Of course there may be cases in which the sentence is true, but under ordinary circum- stances it is the reverse of true. Take those l.'i.OOO acres of alfalfa that are spoken of with no other source to gather from, and an apiary of 100 colonies might do a land office business if they had the whole field to them- selves. Put another hundered colonies with them, and it wouldn't make a particle of difference in the gathering of the first hun- dred, and it might perhaps make no differ- ence if the number were raised to GOO, but there would be a limit somewhere. But instead of 15000 acres, suppose the bees could touch nothing throughout the season but 15 acres of alfalfa. If those 15 acres did their best, four colonies wonld do just as well, I suppose, as if they had 15,000 acres to care for. Bnt I very much doubt whether GOO, or even 200, could register the same average that the four alone could do. I admit that there may be places and seasons where four would overstock just as much as GOO, but as a rule there are very few places where 200 would do as well as four in any season, and still fewer where GOO could continue alive any two consecutive years, without feeding. Mr. Editor, please put that man Thompson out. Marengo, 111. Jan. 1, 189G. [ My experimental friend is entitled to no credit for that word " liquification. " He wrote " liquefaction. " The honor should be about ecjually divided between the com- positor and proof reader. How it all hap- pened is too long a story to tell here. Ed. ] The Outlook EUGENE SEOOB. t seems to the writer that there never was a time in the history of this country since the advent of improved methods in apicul- ture where there were fewer attractions toward the business of bee-keeping than now. Low prices might be accepted philosoph- ically if good yields were as common as formerly. But in all the older and well settled States the woodman's ax and modern farm ma- chinery have so reduced the pasturage as to render specialized bee-culture very precari- ous. There is no use to argue that better methods alone will remedy the matter, be- cause if the flowers are absent or fail to secjrete nectar no art of the bee-keeper can atone for these defects. Where once stood the primeval forests of Linden and Tulip trees the farmer's plow and reaper now hold sway. The great im- provement in agricultural implements has made farming so easy that the pastures are growing smaller every year. The increased amount of sugar produced in the last quarter of a century, the improve- ment in its quality and reduction in price TBE beE-KUePers* review. Id have so popularized its use that the great majority of our people regard it as uot ouly the cheapest but the best sweet produced. It is no uncommon thing to find persons of mature years who never tasted honey. Of course it has long ago ceased to be a neces- sity in the household. Bee-Keepers' families may regard it as a sort of necessary article for table use but it is because they have become halntuated to its use. If they had to buy it, very likely they, too, would soon follow the general practice of making syrup of sugar or buy the ready made stuff sold in all groceries which answers the demands of the stomach for sweets about as well as vegetable oysters answer the longing for the genuine bi-valve. Of all the humbugs palmed off on a sus- ceptible and long suffering public the glu- cose syrups and candies made of the same material — or a cheaper and more inferior — are the worst. Another reason why honey is not so generally used as formerly is the common belief that it is adulterated. And there is no use to deny the fact. I frequently see in grocery stores an article offered for sale as extracted honey which has all the outward appearance and internal evidence of being " made " in a labratory very much larger than a bee's stomach. Consumers buy this stuff but its use doesn't popularize honey. Right here let me digress far enough to say that in my opinion the invention of the extractor was the worst improvement (?) that ever happened to this industry. With the advent of the extractor began the neces- sity for the bee-keeper to defend the purity of his product. If the article is to be pro- duced hereafter in the same generous quan- tities as formerly there is a rich field for the labors of the Bee-Keepers' Union. Leg- islation must be procured in the interest of pure food. Every offender must be prose- cuted to the full extent of the law. There is no use trying to produce honest honey in competition with syrup made of 15 ct. corn. Perhaps you think my liver is disordered, and you may ask if there is no bright side to the picture. To convince you that I am no pessimist I have the following prescription to offer in addition to the above suggestion regarding legislation . Ist. Produce only comb honey and put it np in such " taking " packages that it will find its way onto the tables of those who can afford to pay for luxuries. That's what comb honey is and always will be. 2ud. Encourage small bee-keei)ers (the adjective has reference to nwmbers of col- onies.) If the pasturage is being reduced and seasons are unpropitious a few colonies may often do well where a hundred or more would scarcely live. The days of special bee-keeping — of large apiaries— of making this the sole business — are numbered. Pos- sibly there are a few localities where large numbers of colonies will for a time continue to yield their owner a satisfactory surplus, but as our country becomes more populous and its agricultural lands better tilled, the number of colonies that will stock any api- cultural field will be less than formerly. So let us learn to combine bee-keeping with some other branch of industry, utilizing profitably all agricultural and ho.ticultural resources. Forest City, Iowa. Dec. 9, IH'.tr). Notes From Foreign See Journals. p. L. THOMPSON. La Revue Internationale. — Chas. Dadant says that Mr. Langstroth had proposed to several bee-keeper., to experiment in feed- ing bees a preparation of milk, malt, and honey, in order to excite brood-rearing dur- ing the absence of a flow. This idea had been suggested to him by reading what Mr. Cowan had written on the subject of the chyle food with which the larv;e are fed. Alex. Astor, by mistake, left a comb con- taining eggs in his workshop for sixteen hours at temperatures ranging from 59° F. in the evening to 50° in the morning. The bees afterward raised brood and an appar- ently good queen from them. Out of 75 bees which had lain for 20 hours on melting snow, he succeeded in reanimat- ing all but a dozen. L'Apiculteur. — Abbe Cottel found that sugar syrup fed toward the end of Septem- ber underwent a loss of one third in storage. The colonies which stored the most develop- ed the most rapidly the following spring. According to Aberto Vellozo d' Arauj, although Portugal is well adapted to bee- keeping, it has not hitherto existed there in the proper sense, the only bees being in 20 THE BEE-KEEPEBS' REVIEW. very small cork hives and incorrectly man- aged. A beginning has been made, and the apiculture of Portugal, like its science and its literature, will be modeled on that of France. F. Maguin'reports a backward condition of bee-keeping in the Argentine Republic, owing to repressive laws, though it has as many natural advantages as Chili for the production of honey. Competition of other than Chilian honey, it seems likely, is not to be looked for very soon from South America. E. Whymper makes no mention of bee-keeping in Ecuador in his book " Travels among the Great Andes of the Equator. " Leipziger Bienenzeitung. — At the Leipzig convention, G. Lichtenthaeler, in an essay, declared he had no more apprehensions about curing foul brood. His practice is to contract the colony to % or }2 its previous space, cutting out and destroying the brood when ;50 to 50 per cent, is diseased, and leaving no entrance but the flight-hole. It is then left alone until the disease disap- pears, which is in one or two months, some- times three. He does not give the extent of his experience. The theory is, that by so doing the formic acid of the colony is con- centrated ; also that the bees are enabled to deal with every cell, throwing out the dead larva^ before they become completely rot- ten. The new Zaehringer smoker (Review, p. 168) has victoriously driven the ordinary smoker out of the field, says Alois Alfonsus. The same writer reports an experiment simultaneously performed by Herren Gu- enthen and Seidel to ascertain the normal form of the excrement of bees. Each drummed out or brushed off colonies into straw hives, which were set over sheets of paper. (It is not clear from his description whether the hives were set directly on the paper or at a little height above.) The pa- per became thickly strewed with excrement in the form of dry grains. Herr Thobe reports a case of queenlessness caused by a second swarm taking off with it both queens from the queen- cells which the bee-keeper had left with the old colony, after it swarmed the first time. Bienen-Vatek. — The Vienna Association printed 25,000 pieces of wrapping-paper, for honey-glasses, with an appropriate discourse on the advantages of the use of honey, and places them at the disposal of its numbers at cost prices. J. Winkler, the proposer of this arrange- ment, has some remarks which come in very appropriately when one is trying to decide whether honey is a luxury or a staple : " InSchwechat there was formerly no firm that handled table delicacies. A merchant undertook to introduce the business. The public became accustomed to delicacies ; they became necessaries, and the merchant had a good trade. It was not long until another business man established a second house, which flourishes also. But should both houses close, the public would again be- come accustomed to do without them. Is it not the same with honey as with delicacies ? " The members of the Vienna Association and its branches in ISiM had 19,295 colonies of bees, of which 12,i^4() were in frame hives. The average yield of honey was nearly 8 pounds and 7 ounces to the colony ; of wa^, 8J2 ounces. Some might be inclined to sus- pect overstocking them ; but that idea seems not to have entered the heads of the powers that be, who are energetically pushing the spread of bee-keeping by traveling lecturers, etc. Dr. Dzierzon and Pastor Weygand, at the Leipzig convention, supported the state- ment that colonies which are too strong do not yield a proportionate amount of surplus. L'Apicoltoke. — The editor believes that a strong colony will procure enough for its daily consumption at a time when a mod- erate one is drawing on its reserve stores, or will store surplus when the other is barely maintaining itself ; hence concludes that a colony boiling over with bees after the main flow, though it may not be a special advan- tage, is not on the other hand a disadvantage. Dr. Metelli sustains the opinion that the quantity of reserve stores influences the pro- duction of brood in spring. He also says egg-laying is facilitated, among other things, by the presentiment, due to natural selection, that there will be a good flow. Though evolution is generally accepted, this is going pretty far for a state- ment of fact. Prices of honey in Italy, says Dr. Dubini, are from nearly 9 to 10 i5-5 cents a pound for the best quality. Wholesale prices are less. Sections average a little over 13 cents. G. Barucco is of the opinion that when the forage is distant only a couple of miles or so, that the bees will gather enough for their own use, but little or nothing for the bee-keeper. Last year he irrigated his own THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 21 hay meadows, but a neighbor bee-keeper, nearly a mile distant, was not able to do the same for his in the latter part of the season, so that they were not cut at the time for the second and third cuttings. Signor Barucco's bees gathered a moderate atoount, while while those of his neighbor produced much more in proportion. Editor Von Rauschenfels, commenting on the sprighly description of comb-building in the A, B. C. of of Bee Culture, does not think that that work proceeds? with a want of system. According to him, there is a division of labor. One set of bees hangs in chains, secreting wax : another set gathers up the scales as they are formed on the ab- domens of the suspended bees, deposits them where needed, and returns for more ; a third does the masonry work. He is inclined to make fun of the propo- sal of Pastor Gerstung, editor of the Deu- tsche Bienenzucht, to provide the bees with an artificial brood food, of which the for- mula is five parts of honey, one part of condensed milk, one part of Mellin's baby food, and a pinch of Dr. Lahmann's fertili- zing salts for plants. Pastor Gerstung "considers it the ne plus ultra of brood food, and modestly adds that the success of his composition is of such great importance, that no previous discovery in apiculture equals it. It cost him ten years of experi- menting and labor. " Abvada Colo. Dec. 8, 1895. as in case of supersedure, or a la Doolittle, that is, above a honey board ; at least, this is the conclusion Mr. Doolittle has arrived at after an experience of several years, and he tells it in the American Bee Journal. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HDTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. Tebms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1 90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more, 70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi sw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FLINT. MICHIGAN. JAN. 10. 1896. The American Bee Journal has some striking, new, department headings. SwABMiNO is lessened when queens are reared, not under the swarming impulse, but in a hive containing a laying queen, ■"■ji^ ».»».» ii^^^ "QuEENiE Janette " ( Jauetto Lois Mil- lard ) the " inspirer " of that waltz song bearing her pet name, has been married to the " inspired " composer, .Jno. C. Wallen- meyer. Happy may they be. This Issue of the Reviw will be sent to quite a number who are not subscribers. All such should read the advertisement on page 30, headed, " Two years for the price of one. " Flint is a good location for a supply deal- er. For many years Mr. M. S. West did a good business here. His death occurred last summer, leaving the business to his daughter. She would be glad to sell out the whole business, including tools, stock on hand, etc. An energetic man of a mechan- ical turn could do a good business here. Any one interested will please address Miss Emily E. West, Flint, Mich. Sunflowers make a neat, effectual and desirable shade for hives. The seed must be planted early and the ground rich in order to have the plants large enough to furnish shade during the hot days of June and July. Plant five or six seeds in a row four feet long and a foot south of each hive. As the plants grow they can be thinned out if necessary. A sunflower apiary is de- cidedly picturesque. Foundation by a new process is now be ing made by the A. I. Root Co. There is nothing particurarly new about the rolling of the foundation, but in the sheeting. It is sheeted in long strips that may be rolled up in a " bobbin, " which unwinds as the strip of sheeted wax runs through the rolls in one continuous stream. The process is being patented, hence is not yet described. By the way, the inventor is Mr. E. B. Weed who fig- ured so largely a few years ago in trying to make " artificial comb " with full depth cells. 22 TBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. In Painting Hives, don't " prime " them as is usually done with oil and a little paint, writes E, B. Thomas to the American Bee Journal. He says the oil soaks into the wood leaving a great part of the paint dry on the outside, and the next coat cannot properly take hold of the wood. The prim- ing should be old, j-aiw linseEd oil, aTid raw oil used in the paint. In repainting hives, if the paint is not actually off, a coat of raw oil is as good as a coat of paint and much cheaper. «^«^¥H^«it»ll^ " Shifting Sections abuut from one place in the super to another doesn't make me favor it greatly, " writes Dr. Miller in the American Bee Journal. He would let the bees finish up each section just where they began it — all but a few of the outside sec- tions— and when only these are left unfinish- ed he would take off the super, and then fill up a super with the nnfinished sections from a number of supers, and give them back to the bees to be finished. My belief and prac- tice, doctor, are like your own. I have changed section just enough to know that I didn't want to do it. All these things take time. »»i«,ir*jr^rf^ir«. BEE ESCAPES FOK HONEY BOOM WINDOWS. The Porters are now making ^ modified form of their spring bee-escape for use on honey room windows. It differs from the ones used in freeing supers, only in the de- tails of construction. The body is made of perforated tin, to admit light : and its open end is extended into a cone to prevent rob- bers crawling in at the sides of the springs and interferriug with the bees passing out. As compared with the other form, the in- terior part is reversed in position ; the springs are somewhat broader, and set slightly more open. It will be sold by the A.I. Root Co. Labeling the honey that a bee-keeper buys to supply his customers after his own crop is sold is being discussed a little. Getting up labels praising one's honey as being peculiarly superior to that raised by others, and then buying honey and selling it under such labels would be deception. As labels are usually worded, and as honey is usually bought and sold, I doubt if there will usually be any deception if both lots of honey are sold under the same label. I have bought and sold a great deal of honey, but I don't know as the question was ever asked me if the honey was of my own rais- ing, although I have frequently toW custom- ers that the honey was some that came from so and so, but they never seemed to manifest any particular interest in the mat- ter. As a rule, I think people don't care who raises the honey so long as it is good. I cer- tainly would not word a label in such a way as to deceive. It may be that some labels are unintentionally deceptive, and if a man is making a business of buying and gelling it might be well to have his labels so word- ed that no one could be deceived even if he tried to be. HOME MATTEKS AT THE REVIEW. Ivy is still slowly improving. She takes most of her meals at the table and can talk with us in a rational manner — most of the time. She is still very weak both mentally and physically. From some of the kind, sympathetic letters that I have received I gather that some of the friends think that she is a little girl. She was fifteen last June and in health weighs about 130 pounds. Now she weighs only '.(f) pounds and has weighed even a little less than that. She worries yet if I am out of the house, some- times if I am not in the same room with her, but most of the time she is content to let me work in the office adjoining her room. I tell you it seems good to get back to work. It seems to me as though this issue of the Review is a little better than the last few issues have been. Is'ntit? There is always an indefinable something about a journal that indicates the amount and quality of ed- itorial work bestowed upon it. The twins, Nora and Cora, who were seventeen last fall, now set all the type, and keep the oflice as clean and tidy as three-year-old baby Fern, with her picture cutting and pasting, will allow. They have put curtains and house plants at the windows, and pictures on the walls, and it is a very pleasant oflice — for me. There is no necessity for a printing office being tiie " dirty hole " that some of them are. 'fJdlL BEh-KEEPERS REVIEW, 23 THE BKE keepers' UNION. Miaager Newtnau of tho Bee-Keepers' Uiiiou has published his auuual report for 18!)r>. The old officers are re-elected, (t. W. Demaree declines to act, which places Hon. E ijjene Sjcor on the board. There is so large a balance on hand that no assessment will be made this year — aiembers who paid .fl.OO in 1S;)5 will continue to be members during 18Vlli. No steps were taken regarding amalgamation with the North American, as many of the members believed thit details had not yet been sufficiently discussed, and that it would be better not to " marry in haste to repent at leisure. " California members propose that the Union should create a Honey Exchange Ware House in some large city where they could deal direct with the retailer through the General Manager. To this Mr. Newman makes the following suggestions. "Such a Honey Exchange should be lo- cated in the very heart of the city selected for it, and conducted on pure business prin- ciples. There must be a financial backirg adequate to the business to be done. Ship- pers will want advances on consignments. Heavy freight bills will have to be provided for, and help and rent will not be small items of expense. It would need several thousands of dollars to start with. In my opinion, this should be a separate business matter and not be tacked on to the Union. Financial reverses or some unex- pected losses, by failure or otherwise, might bankrupt the Union in a short time. Be- sides, it should be managed by an expert honey-dealer, who should devote his whole time to the business. " LEAFLETS TO SEND OUT WITH HONEY. Several weeks ago I received a letter from Dr. A. T. Peete of Branchville, S. C. suggest- ing that retailers of honey ought to have ap- propriate reading matter to send out with each package. I quote from his letter as fol- lows : "I need, every day, and hundreds of bee- keepers need, a small folder or circular to be enclosed with every package of honey sold. Makers of soaps, salves, patent medi- cines and preparations of all kinds never send out a package without accompanying it by such recommendations. Bee-Keepers trust to the merits of their product, or to the mercy of Providence, to make honey the staple we all talk about. We do not push the business in the way our modern system recjuires. The pamphlet, " Honey as Food and Med- icine, " will not answer the purpose. It is too long and consumers will not read it ; be- sides, many of its recipes are absurd non- sense. It costs too much. What I should like would be a sheet ;$ x 0 inches, folded once, making four pages; two pages ( or three ) setting forth tiie dietic and medicinal value of honey, the remainder containing recipes. These could be sold very cheaply by the thousand. Your practical judgement, and skill in displaying ads, made me think that you are the right man to get up such a leaf- let. " What do the readers of the Review think of this ? Would there be a demand for such a leaflet ? Please give me some suggestions. What should be said? Send me some tried recipes. When I get a quantity of material I will print it in the Review where it can be criticised, and when we get it into the prop- er sliape, if the indications are that there will be a demand for such a leaflet I will print some in good style and offer them for sale. Since the above was written a most excel- lent, four-page leaflet has come to hand from Mr. Allen Priugle. Now if any one else has such a leaflet will they please send in a copy, 'i MR. PUINGLe's paper. Most of my readers know that I have talk- ed a good deal about the desirability of a bee paper being "all bees, " and sometimes I have drawn the lines pretty tight. Last year, in reporting the proceedings of the Ontario convention, I did not even men- tion Mr. Pringle's essay on " Education," because it did not treat of bees. Consider- ing all this, you may wonder that I admitted his article that appears in this issue. I did so because it seemed of such unusual value. Perliaps there is nothing particularly new in it, l)ut Mr. Pringle has put things in such a clear, practical manner that we can under- stand and put them in practice. There are one or two points upon which I am not sure that Mr. Pringle is correct. I incline to the belief that a lire in a room carries out the vitiated air, and pure air finds its way in through cracks and crevices to replace it, and in this way the air of a room is really purer for the presence of a fire. I also believe that fresh, lean beef, in moderate quantities, properly cooked, is a wholesome food. I must admit, however, 24 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW, that the killing and eating of animals has about it something that is very repulsive to me, so much so that I sometimes feel as though I could not bear to eat meat. I also think that there are some cases, after a per- son is sick, in which medicines may be used to advantage. On the whole, however, I think Mr. Pringle's article most excellent, and, for one, I am going to try and profit by it. Since receiving it I have been corres- pondence with Mr. Pringle upon some of the points that he has mentioned, and in the next Review I may, if he will allow me, print some of his correspondence. That the bee-keepers who take the Review for its bee- keeping matter may not feel that they are being crowded I have added eight extra pages in this issue. That health is the greatest blessing is not always realized until we have lost it. I always tried to lead a temperate life in con- formity with the laws of health, but it must be that I did not always look deep enough. C. K. HOBBIE AND CO. Last summer I received an advertisement from this firm. Before inserting it I wrote the Chicago bank that was given as refer- ence. The bank replied that they were two young men who had had several years exper- ience in a commission house, and were now starting in business for themselves. They had about |4,000 capital and the bank con- sidered them worthy of confidence. The advertisement was put in on the strength of this recommend. Occasionally the firm bought some of my list of names of bee- keepers to whom they sent out circulars. They finally bought all that I had. The bills for these names and for advertising were paid by return mail. In the circular that they sent out, the editor of the Ameri- can Bee .Tournal and of the Review were given, without permission, as reference. So many inquiries came in that the answering of them became burdensome, and to save so much writing I gave them the favorable notice that appeared in the ( )ctober Review. Before writing thai notice I wrote to Bro. York and asked him about them. He repli- ed that he had investigated them quite thoroughly and so far as he could discover they were doing a straight business. Along in Dec. Bro. York wrote me to " go a little slow " on Horrie and Co. , as he was getting complaints against them, I received none until in January. The most of them com- plained that they could get no answers to inquiries regarding consignments sent two or three months previous. I have corres- ponded with Horrie & Co., and with those who have complained, and tried to get at the truth of the matter. At present I am not prepared to say who was to blame in every case. There are some things of which I am well satisfied. ( )ne is that Horrie and Co. made a mistake in quoting honey too high. They also make a mistake in allowing weeks and weeks to pass without making any answer to repeated inquiries regarding ship- ments. They may be an honest firm, but if they expect to succeed they must learn to do business in such a way as please their pa- trons. Against the old, established firms, who have built up a business by honorable and satisfactory dealing, I very seldom re- cieve a word of complaint. I think that Bro. York and myself exer- cised at least ordinary caution in thus ad- mitting the advertisement of a new firm, but this experience will probably make us still more careful in the future. exxRT^oxeD. Home-Made Koaka. The home-made " Koaka " mentioned in Mr. Pringle's article is made as follows : " Take three quarts of good, clean, wheat bran and bake in the oven till it becomes quite brown. Then add one quart of liquid buckwheat honey and stir thoroughly ; put it back in the oven to bake still more, stirr- ing it frequently until it gets dry, granula- ted, and very brown — a little scorching will not hurt it. Draw it the same as coffee and use with milk and honey or milk and sugar to suit the taste. " We have not yet tried it, but are going to do so. By the way, this recipe is from one of his leaflets that he sends out with honey. The Good Years Will Come Again. E. T. Flanagan contributes a long and in- teresting article to the Progressive on " Honey Yields. " Besides giving his own ex- perience, he quotes from the correspondence of several prominent bee-keepers in which they give the best yields of honey they ever secured. 1 quote a portion of two of his paragraphs: rii£J BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 25 "I do not particularly desire to induce anyone to embark in bee-keeping, for to my mind the field is sufficiently occupied already, but to those who during all the years of dis- couratrement have held ou to their bees, and have not yet lost faith in bee-ktepiny, I would like to give a little encouragement, for I firmly believe that whnt has been may be again, and if so, we may look for abuu- d.int harvests in > ur sj eeial line. Dr. Mil- ler has given us a very good article ou page 2'.)4 December J'rogressiye and I honor one that can still have practical faith in his chosen pursuit after years of discourage- ment. And let me tell you that such men are the ones that succeed in the end. At my home apiary, while I always get enough to keep the bees breeding well, I seldom have any surplus, and often have little enough to winter on. This is what has forced me to keep from three to five out-apiaries, the nearest not less than eight miles from home. At my out-apiaries I always have some surplus and plenty to winter on, and generally enough to help out the home apiary. Still, meagre as is the flow here at home, as a rule, I have on several occasions secured a tine lot of surplus, and the strangest part of it to me was the fact that the fiowers did not appear to be more abundant than usual, but then ivere overpowing with nectar, and it is this fact that makes me so sanguine that good yields of honey may be looked for in the near future. There must be a change for the better, as it could hardly be worse. That there will be good old-fashioned seasons again, for us of the middle western states, I no more doubt than I do my own existence ; and, as in other lines of business, when, owing to low prices, bad seasons, and gloomy outlook, so many are turning their attention to other things, now is the very time to hold on. Give more attention than ever to every detail : see that all things are in the best possible order, and be ready to take advantage of the opportunities for success, as they present themselves. " There are two points in the above that are especially worthy of attention. Too many bees in one locality (the home-apiary) do not always furnish a snrjjlus, while the out- apiaries with fewer colonies do ; but of still greater interest is the fact that when a sur- plus was secured at the home-apiary, the fowers Here no more abiaidant than usual. Let a Paper Stand Upon its Merits. At the end of the year we often see in papers appeals to subscribers to renew their subscriptions, and sometimes they sound more like begging letters than anything else; but at last I have read one that has some sound sense in it, so much that I shall copy a portion of it. It is from the American Bee Journal. "The (]uestion of renewal of sul)Scription to the American Bee -Journal may come up for consideration or discussion with some, and various reasons may be suggested against it, such as scarcity of money, an in- clination to try some other paper, an idea that enough has been learned already, that it takes too much time to read, that too many papers are taken now, etc. Be- fore deciding not to renew your subscription to the Bee Journal, ask yourself how less than two cents a week can be better expend- ed, even if money is scarce, and if it is not almost as certain to make or save you more than its very small cost in a wliole year. Before you decide to try some new bee- paper, or let some ageut induce you to do so, get a sample copy of the proposed new pa- per, and give it a careful, considerate com- parison with the American Bee Journal, and we will cheerfully abide by your conclusion. Neither a bee-keeper nor his family can read all the time and prosper, but in the present age of rapid improvements and rapid changes, no bee-keeper can expect to succeed without carefully reading at least one good, reliable, enterprising bee-peper. If too many papers are taken, simply give the American Bee Journal the consideration it deserves before letting it discontinue. We ask for no charity. We appreciate and admit that the paper giving most actual value for the price, is the one that should be patronized, and clearly, on this principle, we make our plea, and with confidence in the intelligence and appreciation of our con- stantly growing family of readers. We have no fears as to the result. We simply promise that there shall be no weakening nor retarding tendencies in the conducting of this paper. If expenditure, thorough and unremitting etfort can make it better, more instructive and interesting, such it will and shall be made, " I can say amen to all of the above. If the words " Bee Keepers Review" were substi- tuted for the '' American Bee .Journal " I could still say amen. Why do you subscribe for a bee journal? Isn't it for the imfor- mation that it brings you ? Because it will help you to raise more honey, or else to raise it with less labor? The journal that does this the most thoroughly is the journal you want. It is not a question of how many pages, how often does it come, etc, but what imformation does it bring when it conies f Measured by this rule, the smaller journal may really be the more valuable. Like Bro. York, I wish my journal to be judged by its merit. If it doesn't bring you one dollar's worth of information, drop it for some journ-'l that does ; and while I may wish that I was as smart as the other editor I shall admire your decision. If, on the other hand, you have found the Review worth its suljscriptiou price, I shall api)re- ciate a renewal, and it is only upon this ground I ask it. 26 THE BrW-KEEPERS' REVIEW. The Importance of Longevity in Bees. Prolificness in queens is almost universal- ly desired. In summing up the desirable qualities of a race of bees, or of a queen, prolificness is almost always put at the head of the list. ( )ccasionally a bee-keeper has had the insight to notice and the courage to say that there are other points of more im- portance than prolificness : in fact, some have asserted that prolificness is at the ex- pense of other desirable qualities. Every bee-keeper knows that it is not always the most populous colony that stores the most surplus. There is certainly a reason for this, and it is possible that Mr. Geo. J. VandeVord of Weston, Ont. has struck it. Here is an article on the subject that he contributed to the American Bee Journal. " It is somewhat surprising that quality is so seldom given any prominence by writers in our bee-journals, when upon it, to a very large extent, devolves the interesting ques- tion of "profit or loss" in bee-keeping. That it is of such vital importance may be denied by some of the "older heads" and " bigger lights " in bee-culture, but no one is bound to coincide with the opinions held by others when sr.ch opinions appear to him to be false ; but I am glad I can say, as far as my experience goes that there are few classes of men more anxious to adopt pro- gressive ideas and methods of work than are bee-keepers. And I have no doubt that if I succeed in focusing a little more light on this neglected issue, greater and keener minds will push the matter further, and givsus more knowledge of it. Before all our theorizing began, and after it is all settled ( if it over will be ), the fact remains that the colony of bees which gathers the largest surplus during ihe honey- flow, and consumes the smallest amount of this surplus in maintaining the hive between or after the honey-flows, is the most profit- able one, and therefore the one to breed from ; but in order to intelligently set about our work of breeding up bees to their highest standard of excellence, we must know what qualities in the bees stand first in the make- up of a first-class honey-gatherer. And now I would tell you a few facts— iiof " theories " — that were presented by a colony in my apiary, and first compelled my attention to tho creat value of longevity in bees. This colony liad only (! frames of brood ( frames 11 x ]'i inches ) at the beginning of the honey-flow, although there seemed to be a good average poj>ulation of workers ; and during the honey- flow I noticed that the queen did not seem able to increase that amount, so I tliought of replacing her with one more prolific, but before doing so I noticed that this colony was storing as much honey as the colonies which had !• to II frames of brood, so I began to think they must be great workers, and I took notice of them early in the morning, only to find out that they were not the earliest by many in getting off to work, nor did they appear to be doing a " rushing " trade any time in the day — just working away, steady, without very much show around the entrance, and this puzzled me a little until I began to think if these bees were longer lived than average bees, that would explain their sur- plus and their strength for so small an amount of brood. That queen is now 3 years old, has never swarmed, but her colony is almost always crawling ahead when others are doing nothing. And after paying par- ticular attention to her for the last two sea- sons, I can see where their great advantage is. If 6 frames of her brood gives a working force equal to 8 or 9 frames of another queen, then that colony has saved the labor, the honey, and the pollen, neccessary to rear the three extra frames of brood, and the labor saved the bees is, I think, a very important item, for it is well known that the less brood bees are rearing, the more slowly are they ageing, other things being equal : and this saving tends to still further lengthen their time of service as field-workers ( the bees that pile the honey in ). But these three things are not all that is saved. Long-lived bees have less brood to keep ivanti to pro- duce a given force of workers, and heat is a very valuable commodity in the hives in early spring. Then there are the extra combs that may be used for extracting, and a queen-excluder proves to be a useless arti- cle when the (]ueen cannot under ordinary circumstances be induced to leave the bot- tom story. But these two items are only slight advantages — here is one of the great- est: The small amount of brood for the size of the hive, tends to discourage swarm- ing more than any other one thing I know of. And, lastly, longer lived bees do not slack off brood rearing so quickly as others, as the working force is large in proportion to the brood, and so a smaller honey-flow suffices to keep the queen laying to her full capacity ; this leaves the colony in better condition to begin storing a surplus from any little flow that comes along. Now let us see what it all amounts to : To produce a given maximum force of work- ers, less honey is needed; and less pollen, less labor, less heat ; conse()uently a colony attains its full strength earlier in the season, and more surely, no matter what the weather is like, and is better supplied with stores than others shorter lived, and when it is there it stays there at less expenditure ot bee-force. I suppose one is ready to rise now and say, " Why, but you are almost taking it for granted that long-lived bees are not pro- lific. " No, I am not ; it is possible that a queen may be prolific, and her bees long lived, too, but Dame Nature has a way of squaring accounts that scientists designate as the " law of compensation, " and when left to herself she generally takes away some- thing when she adds an advantage to any- thing, and it is not her custom to put " length of days" and " many children " in the same hand, not even when she is dealing with her favored children, " the bees ; " but she occa- sionally " sports " a little, and she seems THE BEE-KEEPEkS' REVIEW. 27 more ready to sport with bees than with many other things, and I am confident that we can combine longevity and prolificuess with less trouble than it took to produce the useless, but beautiful, five golden bands ; but if we can't, let's have longevity first, by all means ; for there is pretty good evidence that the instinct that primarily induces the bee to leave the hive in quest of nectar and pollen, is ecjually strong in all bees, and under similar conditions in the hive nearly all tiie bees would bring in about the same amount of nectar ; and the important factor is, what use will they make of it V " In a later issue of the Bee Journal a Mr. VVm. S. Barclay, of Beaver, Pa., in com- menting upon this article says that the de- sired results may be secured by a first cross between the German bee and some variety of yellow bees. I am inclined to think that both of these gentleman are correct. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. I see friend Boardman, in Review ?A^, urges a not altogether new but altogether suspicious style of feeding — feeding just be- fore the first surplus is expected. What kind of remarks will our patrons make if they "get onto it?" And what remarks will they be entitled to make? Of course the empty cells of the brood chamber will be filled with this feed. And with continued prosperity the brood nest will next be con- siderably enlarged, the adjacent cells being emptied to make room. In some cases this may be done so gradually that the removed sugar produce is all used as food ; but usual- ly. I take it, part of it is carried above and mixed with the new honey which is coming in. The method in fact brings about a state of things in which no man alive can tell to what extent his honey is a mixture. I like to know, you know. And when I sell a man something which is better than honey I want him to understand it and be duly grateful. Penitent Boardman will wear peas in his shoes one week. And if some of the impenitent boys make sly remarks about Satan reproving sin, we can't help that. So 105 degrees is put down as a starter toward establishing our danger limit in heating honey. (R. L. Taylor, Review 3;1G. ) Valuable experiment, although so simple and off hand. Now we want another ex- periment, perhaps not quite so simple, to supplement it. (iet a pound or so of many ditferent kinds of honey, good and poor, green and ripe : one strictly floral from each of the leading sources, and some of insect origit), and some, if possible, from stubble and frosted leaves. Keep part of each sample for comparsion. Heat a part to 200° F. Boil the remainder briskly for five minutes. What the result will be I do not know ; but I strongly guess that some will be ruined, and some only moderately damaged. Ijsastwise I know that I have some nice ex- tracted honey that bears five minutes' boil- ing, when mixed half and half with granu- lated sugar, very well. I am addicted to candy, so I know by often experience. The boiling don't spoil it by a good deal ; but the fellow that does the boiling, he spoils some of it soon after. So Colorado (according to friend Thomp- son, Review :')40) raises l.'ijOOO acres of alfalfa on 12,r)G<> acres of ground. The boom local- ities in general must wake up or they will be distanced. Across the river from where I live — over in Wood County — the farmers tell about farming both sides of their land, the upper side for wheat and corn and the under side for gas and oil. 'Spects they haven't thought to try alfalfa on the under side yet. But I am glad to see, on the same page, that some of our transatlantic brethren are beginning to study the efl'ect of soil on hon- ey secretion. Limestone soil best, they think. Quite likely. My not very close ob- servation is that white clover on clay soil yields better than on sandy soil near by. How is it between clay upland and bottom- land loam when clover is in full bloom on both? "Take from the most prosperous colony all its brood, and you at once take away its swarming too. yet such a procedure ouglit to leave the col- ony with a superabunriauce of larval food and nowhere to use it. " R. ('. Aikin, Review 344. 'Pears like one timber of my swarm theory was in urgent need of propping up. I sup- pose I might say that swarming is not usual- ly a matter of one day or two, and that by the third day all the young bees have left off secreting larval food. Perhaps friend Aikin is right, however ; and the whole matter of swarming originating in a surplus of larval food may be a mistake. The Southland Queen. This baby in the journalistic ranks will soon be a year old. I find it rather diffi- 28 TBE BEE-KEEPERS' REV 12.* cult to characterize it. Very different from the Apiculturist and Heddon's Quarterly, it still belongs to the same class of papers — the editorial paper. Quite likely it intends in the ultimate future to be much less so as its Southern supporters develop in(o writer?. Meantime both the senior editor, Mrs. Atchley, and the junior editor Willie Atchley, suffer somewhat, I think, from too mai y irons in the fire — < )r am I getting billions ? And does nursing babies, only to see them all die with the chicken-pox, eventuate in a baby-hating frame of mind, and turn the critic into a Herod ? At any rate this Herod will so far relent as to hope that the South- land Queen will not take on the chicken-pox in the form of a poultry department. We all know what comes next when we see that setting in. Besides the Atchley family C. B. Bankston of Chriesman, Texas, has an editorial oar in the queen rearing department The Octo- ber number is largely made up of the chap- ters of Mrs. Atchley's book. Profitable Bee-Keeping, a work which ranks very fair in ability and usefulness. I will only dip in at one point. Chapter 12, the prevention of swarming. Mrs. Atchley is emphatic that there are two practical ways to prevent it, the caging plan so largely in use in New York and elsewhere, and the plan of re- moving all the sealed brood to emerge in special quarters. The young bees are to be Uied where they will do the most good, often in the very hive they came from. But she laughs at non-swarming bees. The Decem- ber number opens with a pop-gun shot at them, thusly ; " Non-swarming bees — when there is no honey. " A Mexican Indian, as we learn from the Oct. number, page 11, carried a l.'> pound nucleus of bees 300 miles on his back (only waytogetan Italian queen through alive) and only charged two dollars for the tran- sporation. The apiarit-t to whom the nucleus was sent raises honey and charges a dollar a pound for it. Query ; Which is the more of a Christian the Indian or the white man ? Willie Atchley says he finds it much easier to carry out the drones to supply an out- apiary before they have emerged from the comb. Live oak honey, so thick and waxy that it cannot be extracted, is mentioned. Who knows whether it is a floral secretion, or an insect secretion, or a direct exudation of the oak ? If the latter, some one would be do- ing good and timely service to apicultural science just proving the facts. Beeville is " sc me " on skunks. A benevo- lent supply of drone brood and strychnine in the out apiary turned up the toes of eight at one time. Here is a heavy editorial shot against the doctrine that drones of the first generation are not affected by the mating of the moth- er. "We never saw a bright yellow drone from BD imported queen in our lives. We have been mating the daughters of lmpt)rted queens with five-band drones ; and the drones from these 8 ime queens siiow about half yellow." Page 8, Nov. L. L. Skaggs tells us how to discriminate the very youngest larvae from those not quite so young — this being of some impor- tance when the best possible queens are to be reared. Immediately after hatching, the larva swims in a fluid that is nearly trans- parent, or bluish. A little later it will be seen that the fluid is more and more white as time passes. PagojlO, Nov. According to Mrs. Atchley the man who furnishes the most beeswax of any man in the world is Mr. Negligence. So kind of her to see something good in a gentleman who is very seldom well spoken of ! But in our part of the world Mr. Negligence mere- ly dumps the material he has provided into a box in the back shed, for Mrs. Negligence to try out ; and she, good soul, lets the moth worms eat it up. It is somewhat discouraging to hear, from so thoroughly posted an authority as Mrs. Atchley, that there is no safe way to intro- duce a virgin queen which is over six hours old to a full colony of bees — and that virgins caged before mating seldom get over the effects of it. Page i">, Dec. Some, if I re- member aright, have spoken very confident- ly about success in introducing virgins re- ceived by mail. With the December number an everlast- ing department is begun which is to be kept standing in every number as an answer to the everlasting questions. Not a bad idea. But the chances are that half the everlasting questioners will fail to see it, and ask the questions just the same. On the whole I imagine a beginner in our art reading the (^ueen would feel much as if he had been conversing with an able teach- er on topics he especially wanted to hear rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 29 about ; and this sort of thing counts for a good deal — size, and pictures, and style, and comicalities, and reviews, and side-shows, may sometimes all of them together count less, perhaps. THE GENERAL ROUND -UP, Of course I see tiie onslaught friends York and B. Taylor have been making upon me in the American Bee Journal of January IHh. Perhaps I had best not talk back any this time. Some things can better wait a few weeks than not, especially when there's dan- ger of a fellow's getting his dander up. According to a straw in (Cleanings 7(j3 the bee louse does not get his living in the nib- bling way his name would suggest, but only clings on and rides to meals and ba?k. Happy to hear it. But those fellow-crafts — men who bestow the enthusiasm usually re- served for sweethearts on their queens won't want 'em lousy for all that. In mailing queens for extra long distances Manum sends 75 bees, and puts in a little chunk of comb honey \ nicely cleaned up ) in addition to the Good candy. Gleanings 774. Now see here. Rambler ; how do you sup- pose a critic is going to fittingly send you off on the strength of a may-be-so and may- be not farewell ? Just kick the bucket square and I'll forgive you, and do the hand- some thing ; but if you contrive to get well the old grudge holds good. Perhaps it might be as well to say, to those who do not read Gleanings, that they have missed some- thing in missing these 145 illustrated, serio- comic articles. Scenery and character and human life and homespun philosophy have not been so ably illuminated in vain. They will linger in the memory of nearly every Gleanings reader ; albeit the apicultural nug- gets were not always so heavy as to demand a notice from this particular review. Rambler pleads for California honey that much of it goes east without ever going into any big honey warehouse, where it could be safely or conveniently naixed. (xleanings J^T. So far so good. Ijet us have genuine facts and valid arguments. But a general disposition to " massacree " friend Dayton will look to us like a " t'other way " sort of argument. Bully for F. L. Thompson I He wants a map of the United States in which the large hive localities shall appear in flaunting blotches of contrasted colors. Gleanings 808. ' Feerd the scale of the map would have to be large to show me in a blue terri- tory and my next neighbor in a red territory — whole thing worse than the map of Ger- many was during my schoolboy days. But Ernest thinks he can manage it, and we mustn't laugh. He proposes to use three colors, third one enveloping all the high mixed folks together " in one red burial blent; "while the first and second show where " birds in their little nests agree to disagree " on the merits of the large cham- ber and small chamber respectively. Gleanings lOi). You will see by Gleanings 81G that at the Home of the Honey Bees they now incline toward a feed syrup made by putting co!d water in the extractor and pouring in sugar while the reel is run. Continue running the thing ten or fifteen minutes. Proportions half and half : or two of water to three of sugar for late feeding. No clubs — but if we follow all of Ernest's feeding plans will not Lincoln's story of the college graduate who came home and plowed, and followed too s^/■iV:?/i/ his father's direction to "drive di- rectly toward the black heifer " — will net that just about describe the crookedness of our furrow ? Same story to illustrate A. I. Root's medical teachings. Looks as though we should have to wait until the black heifer lies down some place, and then drive for her. She has been in the all-meat-diet corner of the pasture mostly of late ; but in the No- vember number she kicks up her heels and goes cavorting off to th9 vegetable corner again. •J. E. Crane says he has wintered very small colonies upon three combs with entire success. Gleanings 848. More people fail than succeed at that, I reckon. Boardman says leave doors and windows all open, and full liglit of day for a spell, after bees are set into winter quarters. And here's another pitfall a heedless bee man might fall into. " Very serious damage will result from setting out when tlie weather is cool enough to chili the l)pes that fly oat for the first time. " (xleanings S53. Been prisoners so long, and want to rty so badly, that they risk and throw away life for a taste of liberty. B. Taylor in Gleaning 8.55 strikes exactly in unison with my latest thought where he advocates a small winter chamber nearly filled by the cluster rather than a big and empty space around. 30 THE B^:E-KEEPERS' review. The German wise heads say the bee-keep- ers' year does not begin either with spring or with January, but with October 1st. Straw, Gleanings 888. There, now ! All my records and things are adjusted to a bee year beginning October 4th. I'm within three daysof it— just by the fortuitous cir- cumstance of buying the apiary on that day. And the experience of so many years shows me that it is indeed just the proper place to divide year from year. Richards, O. Jan. 13, 189G. Promises Worth Accepting. In 1S96— the 70th year of its publication— The Youth's Companion uromises greater and more varied pleasures to its readers than ever before, and The Companion's promises are worth accepting, for they are always more than fulfilled. Sutficient attractions are announced to make each of the r)2 numbers for 1896 a prizein itself. Articles are promised from three C^abinet Min- isters, a feature whicii has never been equalled by any other publication. The Princess Louise, daughter of Queen Victoria ; the Lord Chief Justice of England : Ff>ur Admirals, Speaker Reed and Justin McCarthy, the famous home- ruler, are among the illustrious names on the list. Among many good things which The (Compan- ion promises are four serial stories, each of which will make a good-sized book when com- pleted : a series of personal articles describ- ing "How I Served My Apprenticeship," by Maj. (ieu, Nelson A. Miles, Andrew Carnegie, Frank Stockton and others ;fapcinatiug stories of travel, and the usual carefully prepared '" de- partments " which every Companion reader en- joys. Send $1,75, the price of the Companion for one year, 52 weeks,— and enjoy each week the fulfillment of the promises of the paper for 18P6. If you do so at once you will mies fewer of the good things, for some of them appear in eacii number. ' To all new and renewing subscribers The (Companion sends a very handsome calendar lithographed in four colors, each of four pages, containing a picture representing one of the seasons of the year. Address The YourH's Com- panion, 195 Columbus .V venue, Boston. Late Literary News. No one ever thought of introducing so expensive a feature as lithographic color work in the days when the leading mag- azines sold for $4.00 a year and 35 cents a copy. But times change, and the mag- azines change with them. It has remain- ed for The Cosmopolitan, sold at one dollar a year, to put in an extensive lithographic plant capable of printing 320,000 pages per day (one color). The January issue presents as a frontispiece a water-color drawing by Eric Pape, illustrating thr^ last story by Itobort Louis Stevenson, whichlhas probably never been excelled even in the pages of the finest dollar periodicals. The cover of The Cosmopolition is also changed, a drawing of page length by the famous • Paris artist Kossi, in lithographic colors on white paper takes the place of the manilla back with its red strip. Here- after the cover is to be a fresh surprise each month. TWO YEARS <& FOR THE PRICE OF ONE. ^ To any one not now a subscriber to the Bee- Keepers' Review, who sends $1.00 for it for 1896, and says that he wants them, I will send 12 back numbers, free. This is done to induce those who are strangers to the Review to be- come acquainted with its merits. To hold old subscribers is not difficult ; and, to get the Review into the hands of new men, that they, too, may, in time, become ohl subscribers, is worth au extra effort, hence this offer. Tl'he back numbers of the Review, most of them, have a value peculiarly tlieir own ; they are ■'special topic " numbers. That is, each num- ber is really a little book in which may be found the views of the best bee keepers upon some important apiarian subject. They are as valuable now as when published. Of some of these issues there are several hundred, of others not more than a dozen, and in filling these orders I must be allowed to make the selec- tion, but no two copies will be alike. For 25c. extra, the 50c. book. Advanced Bee-Culture, will be included. The Review for 1896, 12 back numbers, and the book, all for only $1.25. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Glover Seed SLo^n'^u: sike. White, and Italian; also Alfalfa. l96-3t Wm. CRAIG, Luce, Mich. Phase metti.on the Reuieui, Queen f^eamng Is my business. Let me supply you. i-96-tf J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla. Please mention the Reuieui. BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. J, W. Rouse. Price 25c., by mail 2Sc. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28 page monthly journal) one year 65c. Address, any first-class dealer or: LEAHV M'F'G. CO., Hiqginsville. Mo. 12-9.3-12t. Please mention the Reuiew. rnJ!; BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 31 The American Newspaper Directory Gives the name, age, and post office address of each periodical printed in the United States and Canada ; the date of issue, politics or class, size and num- ber of pages, and, most important of all, the circulation. ( Sometimes an accompanying ad sets forth the peculiar excellencies or characteristics of a journal as an advertising medium.) When an editor furnishes a properly written and signed statement concerning the circulation of his paper, tlie publishers of the Directory guarantee its truthfulness with a forfeit of $100 to be paid to anyone disproving its correctness. During the eight years that this system has been in use only twenty untruthful circulation reports have been discovered. For twenty-seven years the Geo. P. Rowell Co. has been publishing this great work, each year bringing it nearer and nearer perfection, and it is now universally admitted that no other newspaper directory excels the American in completeness and reliability. The price, $5.00, is merely nominal, considering the experience, care, integ- rity, capital and labor that enter into its production, or its value to the man who must make a clioiceof advertising mediums. It is to the advertiser what a mariner's chart is to the sailor. It shows him how to steer clear of the shallows and shoals of poor mediums — where to fiudthe deep channels of cir- culation through which he can sail into the harbor of success. AMERICAN NEWSPAPER [IREGTDRY, 10 Spruce St, Nesv York. rS^^^iJ G. M. LONG, ('edar Mines. Iowa, niiinu- tKctiiror of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. l-'.'G 6t Floase mention the Reuiew. —If you are Roing to— BUY A ^VZZ - SAW^, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would soil it. Muth's :: lEY EXTRACTOR PERFECTION >Id-Blast Smokers S. uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiJiiiiiiiiiiiniii>iMiii]igiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii)iiti3si!iu (GRASS IS KINGI r We arp the only spedsmen making thp prowinR of 5 jfariu seeds, grasses and clovers a great specialty.: SOur Extra Grass and Clover Mixtures last a life-; stime without renewal. Prices dirtr cheap. Mam-: Smoth catalogue and 10 pkgs. Grains and Grasses: S free for but 10c. postage. Catalogue alone 5c. ! = JOHN A. SALZER SEED CO., La Crosse. Wis. : AniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiaiiiKiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii; Bees Scooped ! I have at last succeeded in buying all the bees within ty^ miles of my homo apiary, except five colonies, and these I have Italianized and have permission to control their drones. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's experience in breeding and experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and i now breed "for business" from my own importations and Doo- little's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony f>f Italians in single story, 8-frame, D. 'I', hive, |6.00; 5 colonies, $27.50 ; 10 colonies, 50.00; one frame nucleus, |l,fO; two frame, 1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested qiMi. 2.00. Select tested queen. 83 00. After May Ist, one tested queen. $1 50; 3 for »4. 00; 6 for $7 50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their being reared", one for $1 00; 3 for $2.25; 6 for $4 00; 12 for $(} 75. I have over 100 tested queens reared last summer and fall that will be taken from full colonies to fill extra early orders. ('ontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with tested or untested Italian queens on reason- able terms. 2 95 12 JOHN A\. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. TMih Flat Bottom Foiiiidatloii HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Being the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. A^AN DEIJSEN & .SONS, (SOLE MANUFACTURERS), 3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y GOOD HOUSEKEEPING FOR 1896. Rich and rare is the Bill of Fare, The caterer is about to fix. And the Table of Contents to prepare, Of Good Housekeeping for '96. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. $2.00 a year : $1.00 for six months ; .50 for three months ; the latter concession being made in order to introduce Good Houskeeping as widely as possible into homes where it has not been known, its business history having demonstra- ted that it holds well its place, wherever it once gets a foothold. For $2.25, Good Housekeeping for one year, and " Catherine Owen's celebrated New Cook Book" oilcloth binding, will be sent, postpaid. For $3.00. Good Housekeeping and " Miss Parloa's Kitcheil Companion, " $2.50, 966 pp,. the largest and best work of its distinguished author. This gives a rare opportunity to secure the best work of two of Good Housekeeping's old- time and favorite contributors— books of rare value, widely recognized and commended, both for their domestic and literary merits and excellence. {X.\RK W. BRYAN & CO., Springfield. Mass. 12 95 3t Please mention the Review. If the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former by raising his journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most i)rotit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." ALL READY FOR 1896. Appreciating the advantages for securing basswood lumber, and Ihe splendid sliipping facilities of Marshfleld, we liave established a factory for the manufacture of One - IE=*iece Sectioz^s. We have all of the new and up-to-date machinery for the manufacture of on(>-piece fections. We also have a saw mill in connection with our factory, and saw our own lumber, tlius enabling us to secure the finest material at the lowest price. We guarantee satisfaction in every particular. Write us for i)rices before purchasing clsewhi'ns us we can make it an object to you to give ns your trade. Sample section free. MARSHFIEIjD Mfg. CO., Marshfleld, Wis. 12-9-1 tf Please nwnfwn (/le Reuiew. .tlJ, bought, or taken in exchange. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. Please mention the Review. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. i'ostellOw. and I siiould be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. The Southland pueen. You ought to know what you are missing, by not reading the Southland Queen, the only bee- journal published in the south, and the only bee keepers' school known is taught through its columns by that WORLD RENOWNED teacher Mrs. Jennie Atchley. How to raise queens, bees, and honey, and in fact how to make bee- keep- ing a success is taught in the school. One sin- gle copy is worth more to l)eginners than tlie subscrii)tiou prici' for a year, $1.(10. A steam bee-hive factory, and all bee-supplies. You all know where to make arrangements for your queens and bees for '!i(5. If you don't, send to us for a free catalog, tiiat tells all al)out queen rearing, and a samnle jouinal THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO., 12-95-tf Beeville, Bee Co. Texas. Please mention the Reuieiu. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 35 ^ ^^ /| Af /I ^^ I ^ JW bee - keepers will find it to their interest to bay ^ ^ V^/^#V/n t^f All V their supplioH of the Goold, Shapley & Muir Co., ^ y of Brantford, Ont., C'unada. Circular free. This firm alno publishes a bright, ■■A ^ progressive, illustratod monthly C^ CT C^ journal at $1,00 per year. Sam- ^ ^ pies free. Italian queens from the ^^t™ ^m finest strain of bees in the country ^ '^ can be furnished iu May at $1.00 each for untested, and S2.00 each for tested. In ^^■ % June, untested, 75 cts , tested. Sl.M. Remember, the l^^l f ^3 A I MK. I ^ and the queens go to the United States free from duty. %J ^J ^J t^ l\l a\ ^t i li<:<^;^^:^;«:^:.^s®ii^:;^^^s^^^^^^^s^:^;^»^<^^^s«5^'^^ Popular Magazines FOR THE HOME. FRANK LESLIE'S POPULAR MONTHLY Contains each Month : Orl$:inal Water Color Frontispiece ; 1 28 Quarto Pages of Reading Matter; 100 New and High -class Illustra- tions; More Literary Matter and lllustra> tions than any other Magazine in America 25 cts. ; $3 a Year. Frank Leslie's Pleasant Hours FOR BOYS AND GIRLS. A Bright, Wholesome. Juvenile Monthly. Fully lUustraled. The Ijest writers for young people contribnto to it. 10 fts ; $1 a year. SEKD ALL SUBSCRIPTIGNS TO The Bee-Keepebs, Review. Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly and the •Review both for one year for $3 .'iO. Frank Leslie's Pleasant Hours, for Boys and Girls, and the Review both for one year for 81.25. UndoubtedlytheBest Club Offers B^^ Send to Prank Leslie's Publishing House, 2V. T., for New Olvstrated Premium List, Free. WRITE U5 Before ordering your sections and we will give you BOTTOM PRICES on "BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and other Supplies. We have everything in tip top order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. tJ. FOt^riCt^OOI^ & CO., Jan. 1st, 1894. Watertown, Wis. Plea?" mention *he Review. — If you wish the best, low-dprice — TYPE - WRITER. Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. RI-P-A-N-S The modern stand- ard Family Medi- cine : Cures the common every-day ills of humanity. 35 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ••:• • ••:• • ••:••• .•:••. .•:••• .•:••. .•:••, .•:••. .•:••; .•:••; .•:.•; .•;.•; .•;.•; .•; |?l7ase Bro5. piapo .> was aOi> bushels; the nest 306 per acre. Vou can beat that in 1896 and win $300! Our new tested barley, oats, corn and potatoes will revolu- tionize lurmine! We are the Inraresterowcrs oriiirm soedM In the world! Our seeds produce— as the editor of the Kurul New-Yorker says— Salzer's Early Wisconsin potato yielded forme TS6 bushels per acre. If an early sort yields 7-tf G. B. liEWlS CO., Watet^touun, Wisconsin. Mutii's :: lEY EXTRACTOR PKRKECTION >ld-Blast Smokers Squz^re GlASS Honey Jar?, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Mutu & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., (Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Beo-Keepors. l-94-tf. Please Mention the Reuiew. IF YOU WANT THE BEE BOOK That covers the whole apicultural field more completely than any other published, send $1.25 to Prof. A J. Cook, Claremont, California for his Bee-Keepers' Guide. Liberal Discounts to the Trade. KANSAS Bee - Keepers, save freight by buying .supplies of Henry L. Miller, (successor to Miller & Dunham .1 Topeka, Kan. Write for catalogue, also free copy of liis pa- per the RURAL KANSAN-iihont Bees, Horticulture, Poultry, Live Stock, Tiie Home, etc. Potatoes Polaris, a fine early po. tato, Beauty of Hc- Vjron, Green Mountain, »«»»)i«.«.»«^«*if««.^*n.«<' a very fine iate potato, f L-T) per bbl. of ll pecks. Catalogue, describing 20 newest and best \a iotses, free 2 1 ti tf J, P. A\ICHAEL, Gr. S.OCO Page A Keith at $2.7r> p.>r l,O0(i. 3,0(10 (). H. Townsend at $2.7,') per 1,000. 1,000 Rout, at $2.7."). \(K0 Berlin Heights at $2.r.O per l.aJO. .■.,000 .L M. Kinzi". at $2.-'r). All the sei'tums are I'j x I'.i x 7-to-t he-foot. FOUflDATIOrJ, ts lbs. W. J. Fliicii, thin for surplus, at ."I'l cts. 7 Jl)s. Hunt, thin fcr surplus, at .').") cts. 10^4 lbs. \'anl)eusen, thin for euri>lus, at ."(5 cts. 2t}4 lbs Dadant, thin for surtdus, at h'> cts. W. Z. HCaTGHinSOn. Flint, Michigan. 40 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW POTATOES Ti.l I.fircest Bro«r. <>f l»OTAT<»KS i\,r S, oil in' • Aiiii'ii<:i. Thf •'IJiiial JVcw- V.>il.< t" tci\. - ^^ii!- IzerV I'.arly \Vi«»-oiii.iii a .yield of ?S<; IiiikIkIi. 1 per aori'. Priie* lUrt elieap «liir ti-eiit Scc.i Itooli, 14S pauoiind SMinpIe 14-l>:i.v ira.lUli f..r ' 6c.postairi-. JOHN A. ^AI./EK Si;i:i)((>.. La( >■"•-«., Uis. ' Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succeeded in buying all the bee'^ within 2% miles of my home apiary, except five colonies, 'and these I have Italianized and have permission to control their drones. This prac- tically gives me a clear iielii for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty year's expor ence in breeding and experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed " for business" from my own importations and Doo- little's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single story, S-frame, D. I hive, |6 00; 5 colonies, $27.. 'iO ; 10 colonies. 50.00; one frame nucleus, Jl.'^O; two frame, 1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested 11-11 2.00. Select tested queen. $3 00. After May 1st, one tested queen, $1 50; 3 for $4.00; 6 for'$7 50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their being reared, one for $1 00 ; 3 for $2.25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 12 for $6 75. I have over tOO tested queens reared last summer and fall thatwill be taken from full colonies to fill extra early orders. Contracts for hybrid and black bees in quan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with tested or untested Italian queens f)n reason- able terms. JOHM A\. DAVIS, 2 95-12 Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. rair. WIRED, COMB FOUNDHION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. Tliiii, Flat Bottom Foiiiiilatioii HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY- Being the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN DEUSEN & SONS, (SOLE MANUFAOTURKRS), 3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Cc.N.Y GOOD HOUSEKEEPING FOR 1896. Rich and rare is the Bill of Fare, Tlie caterer is about to fix. And the Table of Contents to prepare, Of Good Housekeeping for '?6. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. $2.00 a year : $1.00 for six months ; 50 for three months; the latter concession being made in order to introduce Good Houskeeping as widely as possible into homes where it has not been known, its business history having dfim nstra- ted that it holds well its place, wherever it once gets a foothold. For $2.25. Good Housekeeping for one year, and " Catherine Owen's celebrated New Cook Book" oilcloth binding, wjU be sent, postpaid. For $3.00. Good Housekeeping and " Miss Parloa's Kitchen Companion. " $2 50, 966 pp,. the largest and best work of its distinguished author. This gives a rare opportunity to secure the best work of two of Good Housekeeping's old- time and favorite contributors— bot ks of rare value, widely recognized and commended, both for their domestic and lit-arary merits and excellence. CLARK W. BRYAN & CO., Springfield, Mass. 12 95 3t Pl-aae mention the Review. If the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former by raising his journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most protit- al>le. If yon would lielp the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." 3 ALL READY FOR 1896. Appreciating the advantages for securing basswood lumber, and the splendid shipping facilities of Marshfield, we have establisheil a factory for the ninnnractnrc of One - IE=*iece Sectioriis. AVe have all of the new and up-to-date machinery foi- the manufacture of one-piece eectiuus. We also have a saw mill in connection with our fact(»ry, and saw our own lumher, thus enabling ns to secure the finest material at the lowest price. Wo guarantee satisfaction in every particnlar. Writ«U8 for i)rice8 before purchasintr I'lecwherc, ,ms we can make it an ob.ject to yon to give us yonr trade. Sample section free. MARSHFIELD Mfg. CO., Marshfield. Wis. 12-94-t£ Please mention the Review. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 41 ©ottom Prices BRir^G us BIG TRADE; Good Goods Keep It. If you want the best supplies that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same goods for elsewhere, write to us for low prices. 1896 Cataloeue now ready — ask for it and a free copy of The American Bee-Keeper ( ;?(i pages ). The T. W. FHlJCOfJER JVI'FG CO., Jamestown, N. Y. BEE - KEEPERS' SUPRLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK, 78 Barclay St. , N. Y. City. (SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue Queen Reading Is my business. Let me supply you. l-!»6-tf .J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Fla. Please mention the Reuieui. Eaply Queens, Either from my original strain, <>i' leather col- ored Italians. L'ntp.sted Queens ready in March. Price : each, $1.00; six, »r).(M) ; doz., $!t.(JO. Large orders, special prices. Circular free. C. D. DUVALL, 2-96-tf Satuma Heights, Fla. ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES FOR, 18S6. Before you purchase, look to your interest, and send for catalogue and price list. J. P. H. liROWN, 1-88-tf. Augusta, Georg-ia. Please mention the Reinew. ^ RAPPAIW^I We have made a DliRUniilO . great reddct.on in DoVtTAILED _ Hives an*>.^M:;^^s^-^;«^s.^:;5^>t.<^^5^;:^^ We are pleased to announce that, having secured control of the new Weed process of manufactiiring foundation for the U. S., we are prepared to furnish Foundation by th New Process, for 189G. Samples will be mailed free on application, aLd will speak for themselves. {!]C(( !]( rdisltti Sections, well, they will s^jeak for themselves also. A Bi$ Success. i if mi Our 1896 Czvtalog will be ready for distribution now in a few days. Send in your name at once for cat- alog:, samples of the new foundation, and those superb sections, and while you are about it ask for late copy of Gleanings in Bee Culture. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. 56 Fifth Ave, Chicago, MI?. 1024 A\iss. St , St. Pziul, y^inn. '0- m M m m Pi m f|; ■',M. Pi V / / / / / / / . / <: n Why it is best of all, and all about iiow to make and use it, in a 22 page pami)lil. t, free on application. DowAGiAG, Mich. Tlie leadinK papor, iin(i only weekly: 16 liirfro paK<'s. Be sure to Ben it betore subscribing for any ollior. tJ. W. York & Co., 66 Fifth Ave., Chicago, If.l. G. M. LONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. l-P6-6t BEE SUPPLIES- Best and most perfectly equipped factory in the West. Capacity, one car load a day. Best goods : low- est prices : largest stock : greatest varietj ; and prompt shipment. Send for free catalogue of 80 illustrated pages. 2 JKi-St E. Kl^ETCHfnEt^, ^ed Oal<. louia. Tt) e (5)ee- eepeps' lieVieLo A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $1,00 A YEAR. W. Z. HDTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL. IX, FLINT, MICHIGAN, FEB. 10. 1896.' NO. 2. Work at IVtidiigan's Experiinental ^piarv. K. L. TAYLOK, APIARIST. CARELESS AND UNFAIR CRITICISM — HEREDITY IN WORKER BEES. FOR the second time, the edi- tor of " Glean- ings, "in a "foot- note" on the first page of that journal for Feb. 1, of the current year, intimates that my honey- heating experi- ment amounts to nothing because wax heated with honey darkens it. I fail to discover the pertinence of the remark. The wax was removed when the temperature of the honey reached IG.5% at which point there was scarcely a percep- tible change either in the color or the flavor of the honey. The change took place almost entirely after the wax was removed. Edi- tors are no doubt a busy folk, worried about many things, often overworked to the point that the grey matter of the brain is com- pletely exhausted, but, to say nothing of the harrowed feelings of the poor writer whose work is assailed with groundless criticism. doesn't the editor owe it to himself to take care to secure sufficient rest and recuperation to enable him to grasp the leading points of the matter in hand before criticizing it ? Would it be profane to suggest to Dr. Miller that he advise said editor to change from a beef diet to a fish diet ? The above doubtless suggests the weakness of the so-called foot notes. They have a sort of freshness and lucidity that suit the taste of the masses, but they are written, al- most of necessity, on the spur of the mo- ment, without investigation and without much thought, so that it is only a natural consequence that oftener than otherwise they add nothing new, sometimes they ex- press a half truth, or a misleading one, and occasionly an idea that is without founda- tion. I am not an editor nor was my father an editor, but may I not ask, would those same matters, if treated more deliberately in a column by themselves, be equally lia- ble to the same weaknesses ? In the same number of Gleanings already referred to, Mr. C. P. Dadant remarks ; " From the tone of Mr. Taylor's writings it is evident that he is, or has been, trying his best to show his pet hobby. Given founda- tion, as superior to other makes. " I am much mistaken in my opinion of friend C, P. if, on consideration, he didn't find that utterance left a bad taste in his mouth. He goes on in the same article to show from my tables that a pound of Dadant's foundation goes farther, i. e., in the end contains a greater amount of honey than a 44 THE BrW-KEEPERS' REVIEW, pound of any other kind, carrying the in- ference that it is therefore to be preferred. It would be pertinent to consider, pursuing the same line of reasoning, that if only start- ers of the other kinds had been used in the test, the Dadant would have been clearly distanced in the race in that particular and that therefore we all ought to toss up our hats for starters. At all the Farmers' Institutes which I have attended during the winter, and at which I have given talks upon the honey bee, the attendance has been large, and often, though the halls were generally large, even standing room was in great request. Much interest was shown everywhere in bee-keep- ing, especially in the more northerly coun- ties where a crop of honey was secured the past season, and from which direction the good seasons seem to be approaching. I aimed in my talks to interest the mixed au- diences which I addressed, consequently, techincalities were neglected, and an effort was made to make my hearers acquainted in a general way with the inmates of the hive and with their works and ways. If I may be allowed to judge after the experience I have had I should say that it would be difficult to lind another topic that could so easily be made of such general and intense interest as this one. I generally made the remark in the course of those talks that the worker bee presented a curious nut for those who are interested in heredity and evolution to crack, namely, that while she is passionately fond of gather- ing honey and pollen and performing the other work that falls to her lot, none of her ancestors upon either side for untold gener- ations has had either the desire or the ability to perform any of that work. Is there not a point here that should receive attention in discussing the question of breeding bees up to a higher standard in respect to honey gathering, or propolis gathering, or that of breeding out the disposition to swarm, or that of weakening the workers' power of flight by clipping queens' wings ? It seems to be generally assumed that it would be as easy to change the characteris- tics of the worker bee by the selection of queens and drones as it would be to change the characteristics of other domestic animals by the selection of parents. Is that safe ground ? In the latter case the parents transmit in a greater or less degree their habits, peculiarities, faculties and desires to their progeny, but that can hardly be said in the case of the honey-bee when the prog- eny is a worker. He who should undertake to create as great a difference among work- er bees in outward appearance as there is in domestic fowls between the gigantic light Brahma and the diminutive bantam would doubtless be considered rash ; why should he be thought to stand on safer ground when he undertakes to make as great a difference among colonies of bees in respect to desire to swarm as there exists between the Brah- ma andthe Ijeghorn in respect to inclina- tion to incubate, and as the inclination to 8 t is far from being bred out of the Leghorn, how much less than reckless should he be thought who undertakes to breed out of the honey-bee tiie desire to swarm altogether. By a like course of reasoning what possi- ble ground for fear can there be that clip- ping the wing of a queen will weaken the power of her worker progeny to fly ? If the fact that for many thousands of years at the very least the queen bee as well as the drone has neither exercised nor had the power to gather honey and pollen from the flowers, has neither destroyed nor weakened the de- sire and the ability of the worker-bee to perform that labor, we may safely dismiss any fears we may have harbored that clip- ping the queen's wing will in any way affect the usefulness of her worker progeny. Lapeer, Mich, Feb. 10, 1896. How to Liquefy and Treat Honey so That it will Remain Liquefied. u. m'knight. was interested in Mr. R. L. Taylor's article in the Dec. number of the Review, under the Caption " Honey and Heat, " in which he describes the method he e m- ployed in liquefy- ing candied honey, and the effect an excess of heat has upon its color and flavor ; all of which accords with my own experience. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 45 1 have had in use for the last dozeu years or more a vessel similarly coustructed to the one he describes, for the par{)ose of lique- fying and (•//j«;ii»iy honey. WlienI wish to simply liquefy candied honey, however, I emyloy a different vessel. It is much more convenient and will do the work as ett'actu- ally and safely, as the specially constructed can will do. Indeed its use saves one the most disagreeable part of the work, name- ly, transferring the candied honev from its receptacle into the liquefying can. It is one too that is found in every household. I iner.u a common wash-boiler. In shape it is what may be called an oblong-oval, the bot- tom of which is depressed an inch or more to fit into two pot-holes, and the intervening space of a common cook stove. Around this depression there is a raised margin a couple of inches wide. Upon the inner sida of this margin and running parallel with the sides of the boiler, lay a strip of iron or wood upon which to rest the bottom of the vessels containing the honey to be liquified. This boiler will take in two sixty- pound tins of candied honey with sufficient space around, and under them for the water. Set the boiler on the stove with a little water on it, and place the tins or crocks of candied honey in it, then pour sufficient water into the boiler to surround the honey tins till within an inch or so of their tops, and you will have as complete a water-bath for lique- fying candied honey as can well be made. Nearly a ton of candied may be thus lique- fied in a day by the simple use of a wash boiler and a cook stove, and with as little danger of scorching the honey as there is by any other method that may be employed. When the honey in the tins is liquefied, re- move the tins from the boiler ( the boiler need not be taken oft the stove) and place them by two other tins of candied houey. Now pour the hot honey into an ex- tractor can, draw it off into tins or glasses, cork them tightly, running some liquid plaster of paris, or bottle wax over and around the corks and your honey will remain liquid for an indefinite time. If corked or sealed when hot the honey will not re-candy so long as the air is kept excluded. I open- ed a " Mason-jir " of honey the other day put up in 1888, that was treated in this way and it was as liquid as the day it was poured into the glass bottle. It was, however, per- ceptibly darker in color, which leads me to believe that exposure to light for a length- ened period, has some such effect on the color of honey as Mr. Taylor found slightly overheating to have. I am of the opinion, however, that houey drawn off at 140 F. will not insure perma neut liquefaction under any conditions, be- cause crystalizatiou will not be completely destroyed at this degree of heat ; although sufficiently liquid to run through a strainer- cloth, the nuclei of crystals will still exist, and their affinity for surrounding molecule will strongly manifest itself in the honey re-candying. My own experience is that honey heated up to 160= F. will destroy granulation and in- sure its remaining in a liquid state if kept under the conditions above mentioned, and not perceptibly affect either its color or flavor. Owen Sound. Ont. Jan.J.'JO 1896. Artificial Combs— Some Interesting Facts Established by Their Use. L. A. ASPINWALL. ^l [E conception of artificially made combs that may be introduced into, and constitute a part of the comb- structure of the hive, is not new. Langstroth, in the first edition of his work, suggested making them of gutta-percha. Quin- by experimented largely, using very thin tin. Paper has also been used experimentally. As conception in the animal kingdom pre- ceeds the embryo growth and birth ; so in the mechanical and inventive world, we find a striking analogy. The idea or con- ception of anything generally preceeds the invention, by reason of its necessity — hence the adage — '• Necessity is the mother of in- vention. " The history of most inventions record im- perfect ideas or principles as preceeding the correct methods, varying in periods of time which often exceed a century or more. The mower was not developed until a lapse of one hundred years after the first attempt. 46 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVij!jW. Although bar hives were invented as early as 1825, and ten or fifteen years later combs were made movable by severing the side attachments and removing them with the bars, not until our Langstroth in 1852 con- structed the first thoroughly practical mov- able frame was the invention recognized as an ideal one. Seemingly, artificial combs that could be cheaply made, and thoroughly adapted to the requirements of the bees, as well as the bee-keeper, would approximate the highest ideal. Such combs would afford thorough control and limit the production of drones to those colonies most desirable, while their adaptability for the production of extracted honey would add to their value ; and if con- structed of a material being a non-conductor of heat, as well as substantial — and proof against the inroads of bee moth ; they would prove a valuable acquisition in the hands of skilled bee-keepers. During the year 18S(] I conceived the idea of constructing artificial combs of wuod. time, I succeeded in making a set of combs for trial. As each comb contained 3,872 cells in Gallup frames the reader can imag- ine how slow was the process. In addition to the boring machine, a dipping vat was required, also an extractor of peculiar con- struction with a hot water jacket to prevent the accumulation of wax on any of its parts. Having made the first set of combs, to my great delight I found they were readily accepted by the bees, both for brood rear- ing and the storage of honey. The greatest difficulty which presented itself was the cost of construction — and not until after an ex- penditure of more than a thousand dollars in the construction of a multiple boring machine with a capacity of 8S twist drills that would complete a comb every fifteen minutes, was any progress achieved. Ad- ditional progress was made later by mak- ing the cells hexagonal. The accompanying illustration shows the wooden comb for a deep frame hive. It ig ♦*»**••»••' the cells to occupy a position lengthwise with the grain. Such an arrangement would insure great strength and durability. I in- ferred that dipping such combs in melted wax, or parafine, sufficiently long to incor- porate it with the wood, would render them acceptable to the bees. In undertaking the work, one great difficulty was to construct a machine to bore the cells, round cells being the first devised. However, by improving a cheap machine which bored one cell at a reversible simply by changing the movable castings from the top to the bottom bars. This feature, however, is of no practical value. The combs are made of pieces saw- ed from 3-inch planks, which are shaped and bored ; after which glued together and bolted through the top and bottom bars. These combs are now made in closed end frames. A winter passage is shown, which also is of but little use. Although I have had artificial combs in nil!; BEE-KEEFERS REVIEW. 47 use for six or seven years, the ideal has not yet been reached. The expense attendant upon their production has been very great but a compensation has been received in solving quite a number of intricate prob- lems. I possess a colony which has occu- pied such combs for a period of more than six years. During that period no drones have been reared from Italian queens. However, the Carniolaus are more sagacious — they will deposit eggs in cells containing pollen. Such will produce drones by voli- tion of the queen. As this pertains to the theory of egg-laying, I will consider it sep- arately in another paragraph. Aside from the restriction of drones, my experience has demonstrated that artificial comb is practically proof against the in- roads of the bee moth. During all my ex- perience I have never been able to tind a single immature bee removed by reason of moth worms. And although thoroughly adapted to the production of extracted hon- ey, and being constructed of a material which is a non-conductor of heat, adapting it to both summer and winter use, still, the cost of manufacture is an impediment to its introduction. There are one or two minor points which might be included, but not un- til a machine of great capacity is constructed for its production, will the highest ideal be realized. With Italian queens it is noteworthy that not a single drone will be produced in work- er comb, if the queens are vigorous. With this control there is certainly a degree of of satisfaction, not only in accomplishing what we attempt, but in being able to eliminate the inferior stock and perpetuate that which is superior. It is indeed beautiful to see a continuous stream of workers uulcouded by a single drone as they pour into the hive during a good honey flow. Although my chief object in the produc- tion of artificial comb was toprevent swarm- ing, I saw other possibilities ; and, although, as a non-swarmer it was not a complete success where located among swarming col- onies, still, when isolated 1 have never known colonies in artificial comb to cast a single swarm. This was abundant evidence to my mind that the swarming impulse is conta- gious. The aggregation of numerous col- onies under the control of man, places the bee under unnatural circmstauces which favor contagion of every kind. When iso- lated, the absence of drones is sutticient to prevent swarming. Modern bee keeping, with the use of comb foundation to exclude drone comb, certainly restrains swarming to some extent. In considering the theory of egg-laying, the use of artificial comb has furnished abundant evidence in support of the W^ag- ner theory, also to sustain the position of those who believe in volition on the part of the queen. The Wagner theory being, that worker eggs ( impregnated eggs ) are due to compression of the abdomen of the queen when laying in small or worker cells. The position held by many being, that mechan- ical compression is necessary. Mr. Quinby was a believer in the Wagner theory. With hives containing artificial worker comb ex- clusively, of the regulation size and depth, no drones will be produced. In the coarse of my experiments I made combs with cells % of an inch in depth, ]S cells to the square inch, hexagonal in shape. Such cells being larger than for workers, and smaller than for drones, served to throw much light upon this question. I found that with an average queen, workers would be produced from every cell. The additional depth of cells compelled the (lueen to lengthen her abdomen, naturally causing compression during the work of laying. With an under- size queen I found occasional cells would contain drones. I will state in this connec- tion, the under-size (lueen which I introdu- ced on wooden comb produced workers ex- clusively in cells of regulation size and depth. This experiment was in accordance with Mr. Quinby's experience. " (Juinby's Bee -Keeping. " 'Jud Edition, 18t>."). page 44, last paragraph. Using his words — " AVhen I first saw the smallest queen that I ever raised, whose body was even smaller than a worker's, it occured to me at once that if she ever laid it would be a test of this prin- ciple, her body being small it could not be compressed like others, and a large portion of her progeny would prove to be drones in worker cells. The result was just what was expected — one half were drones. " That drone eggs can be laid in shallow cells, as in the instance of occasional patch- es being cut down by the workers in a hive containing worker comb exclusively — also in cells containing pollen as already men- tioned— and that no drones can be produced in worker cells of regulation depth — further- more that worker eggs cannot be laid in drone cells of regulation depth witlunit first 48 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW, contracting the mouth of such ( which bees occasionally do, ) goes to prove that com- pression is necessary to fertilize the eggs which produce workers and queens. That queens deposit worker eggs in shallow or incomplete worker cells, is certainly dem- onstrative of volition on the part of the queen. The foregoing facts lead me to sustain both the Wagner theory and the position held by many — viz- ; that of volition on the part of the queen when laying in shallow worker or queen cells — but in finished work- er comb, where the thousands of eggs are deposited, the size of the cells materially assists the queen, and insures against any mistake which might occur through fatigue, if dependent upon muscular effort alone. Jackson, Mich. Jan. 7, 1896. Some Points Erp'a'ned EegarditR Pure Air, Meat-Diet and Drug-Treatment. ALLEN PBINGLE. lVtHE editorial 1/ comments in the January Re- view on my paper on "Hygienic Liv- ing " in that num- ber render a fur- ther amplification of some poiiils of that article neces- sary. The editor, while regarding the article as " most excellent " and of " un- usual value" takes exception to three points — the first, as to the effect of a fire in a room on the air ; the second as to the wliole- someness of beef as food, and the third as to the value of drugs in some cases of sick- ness. Touching on the first he says : " I in- cline to the belief that a tire in a room car- ries out the vitiated air, and pure air finds its way in through cracks and crevices to re- place it, and in this way the air of a room is purer for the presence of a fire. " This is quite true provided there is ample ventila- tion ; and there is nothing in my article at variance with it when fully understood. The point is simply this — given, a certain quantity of pure air, and one stove going and one pair of lungs going will vitiate that air much faster than one pair of lungs alone. It is true that a fire in a room tends to draw in the air through cracks and crevices, all of which is very fortunate, else, as re- marked before, the sleepers ere morning would have gone into their last sleep. It still remains unalterably true that the more lungs ( whether iron or human ) that pre breathing in any given space the more oxygen, or fresh air, is required in that space. The editor also believes that " fresh, lean beef, in moderate quantities, properly cook- ed, is a wholesome food. " With jast three words added — from healthy animals — I can also subscribe to that, and I presume the editor intended to imply that though he did not express it. My position on the meat question is just this. There is a better diet for humans than meat of any kind. If one can get this better diet from the vegetable kingdom I think it is foolish to eat meat. If one cannot get a better diet than the best kinds of meat then let him eat meat. Good beef, from a healthy animal, thoroughly cooked, is undoubtedly better food than baker's bread made from superfine flour ; and the human stomach can turn fresh fish or fowl to a better account than decaying vegetables or abominable pastry. Bat who knows in buying meat that it has not come from a diseased animal ? It is true that thorough cooking is quite a safeguard against diseased meat, but don't forget that ordinarily, in private familes as well as hotels, meat is not half cooked not by any means enough to destroy the disease germs it may contain. I once knew a German family named Getz who partook of ham in a raw state. It was "smoked" ham and looked very nice and tempting ( to a meal eater. ) The whole family, consisting of father, mother and daughter, were taken violently ill some time after eating the meat. The daughter and mother died — the father recovered. A piece of flesh from the calf of the leg of one of the deceased was sent to Toronto for analysis and it was found to be literally swarming with the Trichina Spiralis derived from the pork. The female Trichina, once in the human intestines, gives birth to myriads of young ( not eggs ) which bore their way from the intestines and get to the muscles, causing intense agony and not infrequently death. As it re- quires at least 170° F. of heat to destroy the Trichinae the wisdom of thoroughly cooking all pork through and through becomes rpani- .rtio BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, h fest. The meat eater takes more risks than he imagines, for let him remember that the ill effect from diseased meats are not in all cases immediate and manifest as in the case of the Trichina Spiralis. It would be well perhaps if they were, for then the terrible results would cause the meat eater to pause. The " tape worm " is caused by a germ tak- en with meat ( beef I believe ) ; and there are many cumulative and chronic ills due to impure and diseased meat. An apparent'y healthly animal may harbor the germs or parasites which work havoc in the human organism. There are two distinct kinds of impure and dangerous meat — the one kind from healthy animals, containing the germs whose natural habitat is the flesh or viscera of that animal ; and the other from animals which have positive disease, such as tuber- culosis in bovines— a disease which may ex- ist in the animal with little if any external sign of its presence. And that this disease ( which is equivalent to human "Consump- tion " ) is transmitted from the cow to the human both through the milk and the meat is proved beyond a doubt. I repeat, let these who must have meat see that it is thoroughly cooked every time ; and let those who buy their milk and know not where it comes from or what is in it boil it before using. The next point on which the editor is " not sure that Mr. Pringle is correct " is he be- lieves that " there are some cases, after a person is sick, in which medicines may be used to advantage. " Here again there is really little difference of opinion, but my article covered so much ground, touching so many points, that I had necessarily to leave some merely stated or implied without argument or amplification. But this is a matter of great importance, and calls for further elucidation, especially as I differ somewhat in these premises from all the authorities I know of — the Drug Doctor and the Anti Drug alike going to extremes, each his own way — the one's Materia Medica con- taining nothing much but drugs, the other's no drugs at all. They are both wrong. Each school of medicine has of necessity the narrowness of Sectarianism. None are independant and Cosmopolitan. The Eclec- tic School professed to select the good and rejsct the bad of all other systems, but even Eclecticism soon degenerated into Section- alism if not One-idea-ism. As for Orthodox Allopathy it is something like Bourbonism, " never learns, and never forgets " ( to per- secute all other schools as " quacks. " ) No man encumbered with a diploma from any school is quite a free man. It is well to stand outside and above them all, looking at them all with critical and impartial eye, and bringing the tenets of each to the test of reason, of fact, and of the latest verifications of science. While the hygienic system of medication stands at the head of all medical systems I have no doubt that late improve- ments ia chemistry and bacteriology render necessary a re-consideration of some of its positions. Without, however, going into these matters here I shall merely endeavor to straighten this point and make it clear be- tween the editor and myself touching the utility of drug medicines under certain cir- cumstances. My position is that hygienic treatment with natural agents is the best i in the office or somewhere else. Allen Pbinglk. What We Learners Want. F. L. THOMPSON. pIRST of all, 1^ after the bee- book and along with the experi- ence, we want the facts; secondly, the direct applications of the facts ; and here Mr. Heddon and his Quarterly would stop. But we want more than that. We want, thirdly, the relations of the facts. To mere- ly know how to apply them in certain cases 52 THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW is notenough. Onr knowledge must become a part of ourselves. Facts should be view- ed from as many different standpoints as possible. Experience is decidely the best way to gain this adaptable knowledge, bat to gain as much as we ought to have handy would take a life-time and more, so that, though relying on experience as much as we can, we also find it profitable to resort to study and varied repetition. Here is where bee- literature as a whole cannot afford to give scant measure. The kaleidoscopic possibili- ties of the same old facts are infinite. With each turn of the instrument ( the bee-paper ) our knowledge becomes more pliant, more far-reaching, more instantly available. ( I am taking for granted that experience keeps on all this time. ) A small periodical may be excellent, for other reasons, but it is not excellent because it is small. No doubt this influence is indirect; but what of that ? It is a large-sized mistake to condemn it on that account. And here I am only stating " a fact and not a theory " in saying that a large proportion of my own present knowledge, perhaps one-half ( I think more ) was attained in this way ; further, that related facts have been suggest- ed, and knowledge driven home, to no slight degree, by disapproval as well as by approv- al of what I have read ; and I conclude that that ideal of bee-literature which would in- clude nothing but what is so perfect that no one thinksof opening his mouth to oppose it, is an impractical one. Fourthly, we want to increase the number of facts. There are some things we don't know, which are important to know, which can probably be decided one way or the other. This can only be done by propound- ing theories, testing them in the light of the experience of all to see whether they are facts or not. Where in the name of common sense is this to be done if not in the bee- papers ? "Fact instead of fancies " is in- conaplete. There is room here for any amount of cautions upraisings of the forefinger and wise shakes of the head. But let us imagine all that and get down to bed rock. Do you mean to abolish theories or not ? If so, say nothing more about the prevention of swarming ; don't mention overstocking ; etc., etc. Batif not, then no sensible person is ^oing to object to your saying, and repeat- ing aa of ten as you like, " Don't bring up trifling theories; don't occupy more than one fourth of the time in theorizing ; don't call opinions facts ; don't fokget to keep RESISTING THE INHERENT TENDENCY OF THEO- KIZING TO BECOME IMPBACTIOAL. " " But " says some one " why should not each individual do his own theorizing and only impart his ideas when they become facts ? " No doubt, many cases can be point- ed to where it would have been better to have done so. But we are here investigating gen- eral principles, not particular instances. As long as one thinks he can do good work unaided, by all means let him wait until his theories become facts, but when theories are really important, and when it would need a great deal of experience to decide them, it seems like a rash undertaking to tackle them alone. Even if the question makes it probable that many others are working independently on it, it can scarcely be doubted that such work is done at a dis- advantage. ( )ue man will see at once the uselessness of following out certain sides of the question, which others will only dis- cover after losing valuable time. Another will see valuable possibilities, and perhaps do no more than see them ; while a third may suggest how to carry them out, though he had not thought of them himself. A the- oretical discussion is a council of war. The great trouble with those who so fran- tically oppose theory, whether good or bad, is that they think that other people think theory an end in itself, just the same as fact, whereas no one would or does support so foolish a claim in practical apiculture. There is such a thing as study for study's sake, but with that we have nothing to do. There is more 6ee-truth in Mr. Heddon's writings than in those of half a dozen ordinary men. My debt to the Bee Keepers' Quarterly in strictly apicultural matters is great. I do not say that it ought not to have a legitimate field, and supply a want, in furnishing plain non-personal criticism (sarcastic smile), and in the undoubtedly valuable and desirable department of point- ing out the best that appears in the journals, and in performing no more ot the four very necessary functions pointed out from above ; but just as soon as it begins to arro- gate for itself any superiority for its choice of that particular field ( rather than for the excellence with which it fills that field, which no one will begrudge it ), then it should be IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 53 led I'side by one ear and j^iveu a dressing down. The editor's allusions some time l>ack to "line-spun theories " seem to indicate, in exi)ression at least, some need of explana- tion. A " finespun " theory may be an im- portant one ; and the question natnrally arises, does he object to theory without the adjective? If Mr. Htddon's extra apicnl- tural ideas are going to dominate bee-litera- ture, I feel somewhat lost, as if even ex- perience didn't count for anything in opposi- tion to say-so. I had always thought it iiad been my experience that the ability to grap- ple with facts could be modestly compared with the facts themselves. But, I see, there is a way of recouciki- ment. I can get a seat in tiie band-wagon, and keep on promulagating theories like the breeding out of swarming, cause of poor seasons, overstockins?, etc. at the same time — if I will only take care to casually inform the crowd I am no orator, as Brutus is: But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man, and at every other remark bring down my fist on the table ( beg pardon, hive- cover — no. that wouldn't do— shipping-case, I gue.ss ) ; and occasionally jump up and howl " Wahoo ! You hear me talk. I, Man- Who-Fights-Without-Gloves, behold me!" lam quite sure the groundlings would ap- plaud, and that many others would unthink- ingly join in. For though truth seldom ex- ists in an absolute form, many do not want to do their own thinking. It might h-^ ask- ed " Is it better to follow than to guide ? " But that wouldn't trouble me. I would be certain of support. The stagnation of noth- ing but transmitted facts doesn't readily ocjur to the majority, even when they are suffering from i.,. I cannot quite agree with those who when asked their opinion of the bee-literature of to-day evade an answer by saying they have had no experience as an editor or publisher. I presume editors are sincere in now and then asking their readers' opinion as read- ers. In doing so they are supposed to re- serve the right to judge such opinions as edi- tors. Probably one reason why they ask for opinions is that just as a well person can not realize exactly how he felt when he was sick, or an adult when he was a child, so those in possession of knowledge need some- thing more than memory and intuition to keep in touch with those whom they in- struct. It is only from the standpoint of a reader and learner tliac I have written the above. If any of it contiicts with what editors and publishers have f,>und expedient, it is not in- sisted on. But I don't think it does. To sum up, I think there is danger of Philistinism, and in some " (luarters " wc have already had too much of that article. Akvaua, Colo. Jan. 14 ]89(>. Bee-Keepers' Review. PtIBI.ISHEI> MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor M Proprietor, Tp:rms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 : three for $2.70 ; five for .«4.00 ; ten or more, 70 cenis each. If it is desired to have tbeEEViiw st<)ppe^i to lay it down there ? Sail- ing vessel from New York or New Orleans may be the way it gets there — and at less than a quarter of a cent a pound — as freight between California and Europe was recent- accepted at one- fifth of a cent a pound. But, don't you see, this cheapness presupposes a demand for shiploads of glucose, and ship- loads are not to be thought of unless aoiue- thing is being adulteredat a great rate, and in California too. Dayton admits his lang- uage was a trifle loose to start with ; then the printer made it a little worse by chang- ing punctuation ; then angry complainants made it yet a little worse by omitting words, or saying "statement" instead of "esti- mate. " So flying reports, which he was svilling to endorse to the extent of publish- ing them, came to be called his positive statement of fact. '^Voung man, its a critical thins to go (Exactly right with KukHhIi in tow. " He has also smoked out the fact that the very dark, strong flavored, valley honey has sometimes sold higher ttian the best honey ( bears so much more glucose. ) When he said " one-half the honey " his mind was rather dwelling on the years when there was no crop in the mountains, and all the surplus was dark honey. And another suggestion of friend Dayton's we certainly ought to pon- der more than we do. In our tests of the matter very unskillful mixers get up sam- ples for skillful tasters to pass upon. We taste, and deside there is not much danger from the competition of such stuff. But in the actual world very skillful )ni.vers do the mixing, and very unskillful tasters eat the product. This consideration makes the affair altogether " a horse of another color. " I fear friend Crane, in finding a double- sized bee that lives in a hive, has found a mare's nest. ( Review 17. ) To be sure it looks improbable that the French govern- ment ofiicer and the well known missionary would both make similar mistakes, leaning on native talk instead of personal inspection; but people not personally engaged in hand- ling bees are capable of almost anything in the line of misinformation about them. Guess the good missionary had seen the big bees on tiowers at work, and had also seen ( at a little distance ) native hives, and thereupon jumped to a wrong conclusion. Gleanings Don't believe I'll try to take Gleanings' photograph again this time. Gleanings is like a man of forty — don't absolutely need his picture taken again at forty- one. It's only the very young folks that we have to have their pictures every six months else be in danger of forgetting who's who. Glean- ings is (ileanings. And when new wrinkles come, or old wrinkles drop off the ends of its horns, I can as well tell you of it at once in the Round- Up. Tlie habit of giving one journal a special show in each number, or &8 THE BEE-KEEPERS' RE'^^'ZS, nearly each number, keeps me from neglect- ing the younger papers, and I want to fol- low it for their sakes, even if it does seem a little superfluous in other cases. There is another thing which has been in my mind, and perhaps I might as well men- tion it here. When I have reason to believe that a paper no longer has earnest and per- sistent editorial work put upon it — just some- body cuffs it together in a few odd half hours, mighty few of them at that — guess I shall feel free to silently drop such a paper out of its turn. When the children have to sadly sing; "O dear, what c:ia the mitter be ? Djiir. dair, what cau the matter hi ? TheTEACHEiidon'tvisitour school ! " thea the public in=ip3ctor's visits also might just as well cease, perhaps. (Quickly done for, indeed ! Ernest throws up the sponge, and abandons the map of the United States showing the large hive terri- tory in different color from the small hive territory. The E iglish fad of mikiag twj CDloaies store in common ( Wells system ) has not had much run in this country yet ; but the fol- lowing seems to call for it a little. The season was such that the average hive stored less than ten sections. " Another colony on nine frames had the forces from two other colonies added, and save three 28-section supers. All the evidence soes to show that, if I had doubled the forces of ail, preserv- ing the old stock in the original hives, I should have had as many colonies in theend, and about doubted my surplus. " It. 0 AiKin, (ileanings 890. " Doolittle says he has had queens do good work till the commencement of their sixth year. Gleanings 8!tit. This is pretty well up toward the peven years announced by Virgil. And of waxing barrels he says, after telling how to do it ; "Why not use those made of soft wood which need no waxing ? " Is it the hardness or softness of the wood that makes the difference ? And will any workable soft wood do ? or must it be some particular kind of soft wood ? Mr. Doolittle talks part of the time as if bad workmanship had a good deal to do with it. Guess no work- manship in the world could keep white oak from shrinking under th'iinflaeaca of hon- ey. Waxi ig is not so mush tj stop cracks as to keep honey from soaking into the slaves — as aresiMoi which will come shrink- ing and inevitable cracks. Whatever wood has been proi-iet/ not to shrink when soaked with honey should be recommended by name, I think, rather that have its class of timber loosely adverted to. The last Gleanings of the year was largely devoted to a tribute to Langstroth, by many writers, native and foreign ; and Mr. Cowan, editor of the British Bee Journal, introduces a sort of chronology of evolution, relating to the great invention which Langstroth brought to completion. ( A ) i;)34. Mrtjor Munn's frame hive. Beautiful to show to folks, before any bees were put in, but entirely unpractical. ( B ) 1)S41. The frame hive of Prokop- owich. This was not only a frame hive but was designed for inversion hive and all. In practice there was great trouble and much crushing of bees in getting the frames out ; and once badly propolized removal was practically impossible. ( C ) 1843. The frame hive of Debeauvoys. Something of an improvement, but still too hard to get the frames out. ( D ) 1851. Langstroth's frame hive — of which no more needs be said than name it. And let us not be in a hurry to evolute the other way, toward immovable frames, as the tendency of the present time seems to be. I am pleased to see ( and we do not often see in these times ) so excellent an article on the internal affairs of a bee hive as friend Baldensperger gives on page !)r)0 of Glean- ings. He says eggs will sometimes pre serve their vitality for ten days. And he Unds the details of the thing almost as sur- prising as the main fact. On a comb well stocked with fresh eggs some will shrivel in a few hours, others in a few days, and just a few will endui"e ten days. Some time some of us must find out the cause of this. It may be the key to something else. The occasional long vitality of brood outside the hive I presume many of us were aware of before. Perhaps the most unique thing in the article is his census of the eggs laid by a queen for a whole year. It figured up 320,01X); or a grand average of 97(! per day. I see he assumes that these 320,000 eggs eventuated in 300,000 bees. 'Spectsthat this part of his work needs verification. The grand average should not be used without remembering that most of the laying was done between March 3rd, and August 3rd, that is in 154 days ; and the average of this laying period was 1,74S per day ; and the average for the other 211 days was 240 per day. .13A iiEJL'K£EPERS' REVIEW. 59 As his emimeratiou is likely to become in amensiirea staudnrd. it is worth while to point out tliat (ileaninj^ts prints the graud averatie iucorrtctly— 7<; when it should be S7(i. The original census was in Talestine in 1891 ; but he has rei)eated it in Ihe Alps in lS7r> with nearly the same results. Baldensperger also proposes to cut down the standard of bee life from \2 to IS"). Som of the brethren are iucliued to kick at this, and to claim that bees are not so short lived in this country. Unless this is so, however, his proposition seems to be all right. That is if we put into a colony what amounts to (!,0(X) bees of a different color, and at 40 days there are less than lOl) of them left, these should not be called bees of the normal age, but cases of extreme longevity. Therefore he says let the normal life limit be put at 35 days. Chance for other experiments to work htjre. Uatil more evidence arrives 1 think that most apiarists will still figure on 4'J days of life for their little cattle. The new Weed process, whereby a nicer looking and tougher foundation is made, and the nuisance of picking loose an end every sheet entirely obviated, is i)leasautly talked of on page !);■);"■>. Exactly how the main thing is done, in transforming the wax into a sheets, seems to be held back. Perhaps they wait to have the patent grant- ed first before telling us all we want to hear. Mr. Washburn comes to the front again, cliangiug the every tliing-toomuch- iu-spots machine of Weed to a machine as free from the too-much-in-spots evil as was the famous •' One-hoss Shay "of the Deacon. The sheets in loose rolls of about 2;") iiounds each are fed out of a tank of warm water to the ordinary foundation mill. At present they halt a bit to cut off eacli sheet, but they hope soon to go right ahead like the all- creation printing press of a daily news- paper. A. I. Root himself actually writes up the Atlanta bee convention very nicely on page !ir)9. One bee keeper present had never seen candied honey till he saw some at the con- vention. The candying tvil can hardly be as prevalent in liis locality as it is with most of us. If A. I. Root would only get the bee fever over again it would be tlie biygest kind of an item. It seems Dr. Miller for one has tried the malted milk for bee food ( to stimulate brooding) which Langstroth so greatly de- sired to have tried. Couldn't see that it amounted to anything. (Meanings page 7. Skylark is going to have liis improved bees send a deputation into the house to inform the family when a swarm is coming out. I'd sooner risk the bee-telephone. Page 10 of Gleanings gives us somewhat amazing news from that far distant land, Evansville, ludina. It is of a honey plant which covers the country, and fills all the ''barls, "and is inexpressible and full of glory in quality. (!alls it the dry-weather vine, friend Wallenmeyer does. If he «x- aggerates a little we won't be spunky, cos he was about to get married, and may have been looking at the vine with ihe same eyes he had been looking at his Jeanette with. Accompanying the article is a nice picture, of friend W., and of her, and of all the hon- ey things except the honey moon. On the whole we should like to have some botanist get after the plant and some agricultural experiment station get after the question whether it is too self-assertive and dangerous to be allowed dissemination. The infallible method of queen introduc- tion from Dr. Metelli of Italy is introducing her twice. First build up a small colony around lier, and then unite the two colonies by a safe method. Might pay for the both- er sometime when you want to queen a big and savage colony of hjbrids. The queen, with her extemporized colony, is put in the super wiili wire screen below them for two days, and then the screen is withdrawn. Gleanings 18. The writer who presents the above, Charles Norman, also proposes the terms " forecells " and "affercells" for the two kinds of queen cells. The former term sounds to me a little queer, and will have to be explained too many times. Wouldn't one new term answer ? saying cells and " aftercells, " usingthe term " normal cells " for the former when we specially fear being misunderstood. The latter kind, being spliced on at right angles to a worker cell are just a trifle o/> normal. But the coi.trary brother will say they are just as normal as the others are. and just as good. Heddon's Quarterly seems to have drop- ped out of the ranks, at least for the pret-ent : and, to make its place good, the Pacific Slope BeeJourual makes its bow and goes in. 60 THE BEE-KEEPERS' HE VIEW. There ! I've let Gleauings crowd the Round-Up clear out ; and still I've only got ahead two or three numbers. Erudder, wat you so big faugh V KiCHAHDS, (). Feb. 11, is;>(!. A Wonderful Institution. There is ;in institution in this country whose history of remarltableg'owth must be of interest to those ac(iaainted with it. Within a few sliort years it has gruwu fro n a very small boginnins to one of the first institutions of the land. Soli. ing goods as it does direct from the manufac- turer to theconsumer on an economic, one small proiit plan, its busine8;4 has enlarged utitil it now occupies (me of the largest business olociis in Cliicago and employs between 41)0 and ;)U0 I)eople Its entire establishment is devoted to out-of-town mail order trade. Its wonderlul growth is evulence of its sterling integrity, ex- traordinary ability and unquestioned financial standing. In fact, we are in receipt of a letter from the National Bank of Illinois, of ( hicago, (meofthe largest and most reliable financial institutions in ("hicago, a concern with a cnpital of .82,11 U.(! O.IK) ; also a letter tnmi the National Bank of the Republic, of Chicago, one of the soundest flnan< ial institulions m lllii ois, with acapitalof* ,000 OOo.tK), wherein they sjy that the.v are personally acy re .Tune Ist.. un- tested queens, $1.0) each; tested, $1.50. After -lune 1st, untested. 75 cts. ; tested, $l..'>0. Se- lected, for breeding, $3.00; the very BEST. $5.0(1. Price list free. Remit by P. O. or Express mon oy order, or by registored letter. W. H. WHITE, •>y(j(f Hlotjsom, Lamar Co. Tex. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. fil JVAAAA^VAA^^-*'!*'-*'-^'*--^-^-^'^-^-^'^'^-^'^ "J R'i-p-a*n-s Tabules. Disease commonly comes on with slight symptoms, which when neglected increase in extent and gradually grow dangerous. takeRIPANSTABULES RIPANSTABULES RIPANSTABULES RIPANSTABULES If you SUFFER FROM HEADACHE. DYS- PEPSIA or INDIGESTION, If you are BILIOUS. CONSTIPATED, or have A DISORDERED LIVER, If your COMPLEXION IS SALLOW, or you SUFFER DISTRESS AFTER EATING, For OFFENSIVE BREATH and ALL DISOR- DERS OF THE STOMACH, . TAKE TAKE TAKE Ripans Tabules act gently but promptly upon the liver, stomach and intestines; cleanse the system effectually; cure dyspepsia, habitual constipation, offensive breath and headache. One Tabule taken at the first indication of indigestion, biliousness, dizziness, distress after eating or depression of spirits, will surely and quickly remove the whole difficulty. Ripans Tabules are prepared from a prescription widely used by the best physicians, and are presented in the form most approved by modern science. If given a fair trial Ripans Tabules are an infallible cure ; they contain nothing injurious and are an economical remedy. One gives relief. A box will be sent, postage paid, on receipt of 50 cents by The Ripans Chemical Co., 10 Spruce Street, New York. (Sample vial, 10 cents.) ^ \ ONE J ► GIVES i L RELIEF ^ Local Druggists everywhere will supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. .ALjlh.4-rfhrfV rfWjJ They are Easy to Take Qiiiek lo Ael and Save many a DoelorN Bill. I 62 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW, f i DADANT'S FOUNDATION Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HatniltOll, IIIS. ^ { 4-94-l2t Please mention the Reuie» POUDER'S HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accurate and (^heap. The trade supplied. Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's prices and the best ship- pinK point in the country. Write for prices. WALTER S. POUDER, 1 95.12t Indianapolis, Ind. Pleusi- n:cnllon the Revieu,. mnstraied Advertiseients Attract Attention. cuts Fttinislied for all illttstrating Purposes. niion the Heun i ' E SI TYPE WRITTEN. B Names of Bee -Keepers, i The names of my customers, and of those ael - iof? for sample copies, have been saved and writ - ten in a lK)ok. There are several thousand all arrau^'pil alphabetically (in the largest States) . and, altht)a«h this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, 1 wouhl furnish it to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names. A manufacturer wlio wishes for a list of th(« names of bee-keepers ill his own state only, or, I)ossibly, in the adjoiniuK states, can be accom- modated. Any inciuiry in refjanl fo the number of names in a certain state, or states, will be an- swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50 per KKK). but 1 now liave a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, 1 can furnisli them at |2.0ij. W.Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. LARGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 8 9--*f FREE. ('ontaiuing instructions, and descriptions of a full line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies made by the \. I. Root Co. Send list tif Koods wanted and get prices. Beeswax made up. bouglit. or taken in excliange. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. Please mention the Reuietv. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by ('. W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. The Southland Oueen. Von ontiht to know wliat you are missing, by not reading thi- Southland t^neen, tlie i»^»»^'»»'«»'ii"»^»'»''»')i»^''*'^t"^ eiNONAM BeeSsnoker ORIdlNAL BINGHAM , SMOKERS^ \l Have a WonderfDl Record. 5 HAVE LASTED 17 YEARS. 1 Best Oil EarllLGiyePerfGclSaMaclioj.^ -Mj cool Wire Handle and Heut Nose were 5 patented 1892, are the original, my brst in- \ vention since my open or direct draft pat- ! ent in 1J>7J*. That revolutionized Bee - Smo- \ kers. My Handle and Nose Palent bent all » the other smoker noses. None bat Kingham i Smokers have all the best improveinirnts. | If you buy ^ ^^~^j£EI^^lE* gfinui"'^ J Hingh a m ^.vi m . i ,-^ .Smo kers ; and HONEY KNIVES yon will 5 never legiet it. The '' Doctor," '4 inch l>ir- ^ ger than any other smoker on the market — J ^ 3)^ inch stove, by mail, $1.50 J Conqaeror, 3 inch stove, by mail, .. .. 1.10 { Large, 2i/' 1-OU , Plain, 2 " •' " 70 J Little Wonder, 2 inch, wt. 10 oz. .60 J Bingham k. Hetherington Honey Knife, .80 ^ T. F. BINGHAU. Farwell, fflicn. \ BEGINNERS. Beginners should have a copy of the Amateur Bee-Keeper, a 70 page book by Prof. J. W. Rouse. Price 25c., by mail 2Sc. The little book and the Progressive Bee-Keeper (a live progressive 28 |ia!,'e monthly journal) one year 65c. Address, any first-claes dealer or: LEAHY M'F'G. CO.. Hiqginsville. Mo. r2-93-12t. WRITE U5 Before ordering your sections and we will give you BOTTOM PRK'ES on "BOSS"" ONE-PIECE SECTION, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and other Supplies. We have everything in tip top order, and can till orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. Jan. let, 1894. J. FOl^riCROOK & CO., Watertown, Wis. I TWO YEARS i FOR THE PRICE OF ONE. S3 To anv one not now a subscriber to the Bee- Keepers' Review, who sends $1.00 for it for 1.S96, and says that lie wants thein, I will send 12 back numbers, free. This is done to induce those who are strangers to the Review to be- come acquainted with its merits. To hold old sub8criber.s is not difficult ; and, to get the Review into the hands of new men, that they, too, may, in time, become old subscribers, is worth an extra effort, hence this offer. The back numbers of the Review, most of them, have a value peculiarly their own ; they are •'special topic" numbers. That is, each num- ber is really a little book in which may be found the views of the best bee-keepers upon some important apiarian subject. They are as valuable now as when published. Of some of these issues there are several hundred, of others not more than a dozen, and in filling these orders I must be allowed to make the selec- tion, but no two copies will be alike. For 25c. extra, the 50c. book, Advanced Bee-Culture, will be included. The Review for 1896, 12 back numbers, and the book, all for only $1.25. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Glover Seed l^lJ^'-t sike. White, and Italian ; also Alfalfa. 1 96- 3t Wm. CRAIG, Luce, Mich. RI-P-A-N-S The modern stand- ard Family Medi- cine : Cures the common every-day ills of humanity. 64 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, i^'^'i^•;■^ • ••■v;»";: •:r^:aco make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : Ou 10 lines and upwards, 8 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee ■ Keepers' Association, at its last meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb nnsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," "No, 1 dark," etc. KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows: No. '. white, 13 to 14; No. 1. amber, 11 to 12; No. 1 dark, 8 to 10; white extracted, 5i^ to 6; amber, 5 to 554 ; dark, 4 ; beeswax, 20 to 22. C. C. CLEMONS CO., Mar. 16, 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo. BUFFALO N. Y. - Market is very dull and concessions have to be made to move stock. Buckwheat is yery dull. We don't advise ship- ments of extracted. We quoteas follows ; fancy white. 14 to 15; No. 1. whHe, 12 to 13; fancy dark, 8 to 9 ; No. 1. dark, 7 to 8 ; white extracted, 6 to 7 ; dark, 5 to 6 ; beeswax, 25 to 28. BATTERSON & CO . Mar. 16. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. NEW YORK, N. Y.-Comb honey is well cleaned up, and white is in good demand. Not much doing in extracted honey. Beeswax is in fair demand. We quote as follows : fancy white, 14 ; No. 1. white, 13 ; No. 1. amber, 11 ; fancy dark, 9; No. 1. dark. 8; white extracted, SJ^ to 6; amber, 5 ; beeswax, 30 to 31. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, Mar. 16, 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. CHICAGO, III.— We quote as foll<>w8 : fancy white, 15 ; No. 1. white. 12 to 13; fancy amber, 11 ; No. 1. Amber, 9 to 10 ; fancy dark. 9 ; No. 1 dark, 7 to 8 ; white extracted, 6 to 7 ; amber, 5 ; dark, 4 ; beeswax, 30. R. A. BURNETT & CO., Mar. 16. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, III. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. -We quote fancy Minnesota White, one-pound sections at 14 to 15 rents. California extracted honey in 6()-lb cans, 7 cents J. A. SHEA & CO., 116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Nov. 21. -If you are going to— BUY A BUZZ-SAW^, write to the editor of the Review. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. \ tEEDS and PLANT! ; At reduced prices for 1896. Best « new and old. Special offers on some articles \ i that you may want. Many seeds reduced to \ i 3 c. a packet. ^^Send 10 c. and we will t \ send yon our catalog ?lnd a packet each of t S Prize-taker Ouion, New Imperial Tomato, I X best kinds of lettuce and a pkt. of choice J I mixed flowers. CHRISTIAN WECKESSER, i } 3 96-2t Niagara Falls, N. y! J m ^ ri IITr A littlo less than a year ago I bought ■ I II I I ** '^^"^ flute, and was making quite I LU I L good headway in learnin? to play when I was taken sick. Then came Ivy's illness, and it has been months since I have touched the instrument As I look ahead it seems as though the days, for many more months to come, would 0 1 1 r be so full of work that I shall not nfll r have the time for practicing that is UHUUi necessary in order to become a good player. Reluctantly I have decided to sell the flute. It is an eight-keyed instrument of Grenadilla wood, with tuning slide, cork joints, German Silver caps and trimmings, and embouchure, and cost $15.00. It is put up in a cloth covered box. embossed in gilt, that cost 90 cts. I also have an instruction book, " Ber- biguier's Method for the Flute, " that cost 83. 00. The book is a little the worse for wear, but it is " all there. " Yes, and there is a cleaner that cost 25 cts. TliP entire outfit cost me a trifle over $19.00, but I will sell it for $10 00 cash, or I would accept $12 00 worth of nice, white ex- tracted honey in exchange for it. FOR W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Root's « Half Price, And all other Root-goods at Root's pri- ces. Buy near home and save freight. 500 3-frame, nucleus, breeding hives, at 50 cts. e,ach, would be exchanged for ,.,,,,., ' honey or wax. Nuclei and full colonies ot golden Italian bees. For prices and particulars address Wm. A. SELSEB, lOiVlne St., Philadelphia, Pa. D anse d i^C^Sw liUTQ ^s-:>^="r^^St-r«^>:;^^ri>iliire :i crop— tliiit was an ohfeot 1. \^_jJ \J los»i>n tiiat poor »ei'.ortliera lirowii Seeds, for jjarden or rut. the Hcenc ehan'.je« a« il' l>y niaf;ie. Instead of poor yields you at onee (T't rnusins ero'is. « tliat will aladden your heart ami fill your purse, lor Salzer's Seeds are full of life, full of vigor, full of produeine i, BarSoy ami (Jorn. 209buM]ie1s Silvrr- iiiiiic ( Naiticlt'ss Beauty) Oats wrowii on one aero in I SO.j. Voii can beat tliati It is llu> -jrcatt-si ilatsoftlu- centiiirv. No more liard (iitiii's ilyoii sii\v a plenty of Salter's Barley, ifJats. Pota- tors, !ro\vine (•erman t'lover ? f"ata!o:i!ie tells all abont these inarvelonsi v ^vomlerfitl Fothler Plants! SPI.KNDIIJ VECiETABLES. Ijarse seleetions, many Kplcntlid sorts. Kvervthing clneap. Onion Seed at 90e.perl!f; 1 O pi. Is. Flower Seed. a."ie. 1 ,000. 0«»0 Ifoses. Pl.ants and Small fruits, hardy as Oal.s. Sfiid "Je. for Market l,. 1 4S pp.. wit!i lO [j!;jrs. brasses and (drains. In- cluding above PrJ7.e<*at8, Uarley and torn, is sent upon reeeipt of 1 Oe. post- ase. Ciitalopruiouc, 5c. Catalog and one pi^s. Pumpkin Yellow Melon, 13c. J2HMA,$Atiii5SEEPjd>MtR05SE.WIS. • • • • My Friend, just one mnment, will you ? Do you need any Bees, Queens, Foundation, Hives, Sec- tions, or Smokers ? If so, I can furnish them. I make a specialty of Bees by the Pound and 3-frame nuclei. Send for my catalogue and learn how to save freight. Send now, or paste this in your hat, as it will not appeal again. E. T. FLANAGAN, Belleville, Ills. Please mention the Review. r'AWAY UP In the Northe.Tstern part of the U. S lives a man who, in a quiet way, is doing a snug little business making bee-keeping supplies. He has a saw mill of his own which enables him to get the best lumber at the lowost price. The four-piere. dovetailed, white pop- lar sections heem to bo something of a specialty as he shipped over 200,000 during the first six weeks of 1896. In some instancf s he can furnish them as low as $l!.(X) per tlioiL^and. He also makes Hives. Foundation, Smokers, Wax Ex- tractors, etc. Dealers and others should send for a price list to W. H. rtORTO/H, Skowhegan, Me. Pleast mention tlie Review. I ask i'or custom on the ground of SUPERIOR STOCK. 1 have spared neither labor, time nor ex pense in producing a strain of beautiful, five banded, or golden, bees of Italian Origin. 1 have had fine, breeding queens from 12 different breeders, and the strain that I now have is the result of judicious cross -s from the best of these. I have no hesitation in saying that my bees cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS, BEAUTY and GENTLENESS. A trial order will convince of tlie truthfulness of this as section Untested queens, 11.00 eacli ; J^doz., $5.00; 1 doz.. $9.00. Warraute^ Bee- Keepers' Supplier Are the finest product that money and machinery can turn ont. THE A. L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. 56 Piftb Ave, Cbicago, 111?. 1024 A\iss. St , St. Paul, A\i00. 7 / / / / / / / / / / Sp % V\ N \ \ \\ \\ \\ \ \ \\\\ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \i?^ -A Why it is best of all, and all about how to make and use it, in a 22 page pamphlet, free ou ap(>lic"atiou. The leadins paper, and only weekly ; Ifi large pages. BE SUEE to see it beture subscribihd for any otuer. O. W. York & Co., &ti Fitib Ave., Cuicago, III. G. M. liONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, nianu- i'.iituii ,1 :!;ii dealer in Apiarian Supplies. l-l'6-6f ■iEE SUPPLIES. Best and naost perfectly equipped factory in the West. Capacity, one car load a day. Best goods : low- >t prices ; largest stock : greatest variety : and prompt shipment. Send for free catalogue of 80 illustrated pages. 2 96-3t E. I^l^ETCHfnHH, f?ed Oak, loLUa. e (i)ee- eepeps j V' A MONIHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tlqe Iqterests of Hoqey Producers. $1.00 A YEAR. W. Z. HDTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL. IX, FLINT, MICHIGAN, MAR, 10. 1896. NO. 3. AVork at ]VEich.igaii.'s Experimental ^piarv. K. L. TAYLOB, APIABIST. THE PKESEKVATION OF 00MB AND THE EENDEE- ING OF WAX. ¥ HILE the production of wax is not made a special object by bee- keepers, at least, not in northern latitudes, yet, in every apiary, con- siderable wax may be obtained from burr-and brace - combs trimmed from frames, honey-boards, etc. and from drone comb and broken bits of other comb, if one is careful to preserve them for that purpose. Often, too, a con- siderable portion of the bees of an apiary perish during the winter and spring, espec- ially where little or no care has been taken to secure their comfort during those seasons, and sometimes combs become affected by the germs of the contagious disease known as foul brood. In this latter case the des- truction of the combs is absolutely necessary in order to prevent the spread of the disease, and in the former, in such apiaries, there will be many combs from crookedness, or because they are made up largely of drone cells, that are of little value as such, and in many such cases it will not be deemed de- sirable to undertake the preservation of first class combs from the prospect that the moths or the mice may destroy them before they can be put to use among the bees. In all such cases it is important that the wax the comb contains should be secured by rendering. However, the value of choice comb is so great that its destruction should not be en- tered upon hastily, nor until it is fully set- tled, after a careful canvass of all the cir- cumstances, that to its owner the wax it contains is all there is of value. To deter- mine its value as comb, consider that ex- perienced bee-keepers think it very profita- ble to purchase comb foundation at the rate of ten cents for enough to fill a Langstroth frame, besides the cost of transporting it and the labor of putting it into the frame, say 12,1.2 cents in all. The comb is certainly as such worth no less and for some purposes very much more, but the wax that can be got from it, i. e., from the comb of a Lang- stroth frame, is not worth more than five or six cents, which must still be heavily dis- counted on account of the labor involved in rendering the wax. So the least that can be said for good combs is that they are worth at least fifty cents more per eight frame hive for use as combs than for purposes as wax. 72 THF BEE-KEEPER^' REVii^W, It is very evident, then, if one has comb that cannot presently be made use of by the bees, that it is worth while ^o know how to keep them in a good state of preservation. The moths and the mice are the enemies that work the most rapid destruction, but light and moisture in connection with bee- bread and other foreign matter cause a gradual deterioration. I have experimen- ted largely both during the past year as well as during prior years, with different methods of preserving combs, and it has not been altogether from choice, but rather a case of necessity, for I have had on hand, not in use, for several years, from one thousand to two thousand combs. There are four meth- ods which I have found to have merit as fol- lows : 1. Placing them, in hives, over strong col- onies of bees so that the bees can have free access to them. To good colonies from one to half a dozen hives of empty combs may be given, care only need be taken that no more be given than the bees will visit some- what freely. Where it can be used this is the safest and best method, for the bees not only protect them completely, but clean them to a considerable extent, so that they are put in better condition for preservation by other methods, still it has its disadvan- tages ; the combs must be handled two to four times a season and during the honey season if comb honey is produced they must be removed, and this is the time when they especially need protection from moths. 2. I have had excellent success in keeping them in close hives in , the shop by laying two tliicknesses of newspaper upon a level place on the floor, setting a hive of them upon the paper, covering the hive witli two thicknesses of the paper putting another hive covered with paper on that and so continue the operation until the pile is of the desired height, when the top- most hive is to be pro- tected with paper and a close fitting cov- er. As the combs are thus so tightly in- closed they must be reasonably dry and put away only in a dry place. It is all-important, too, that they be put away early, at least be- fore the millers have an opportunity to de- posit their eggs in them. By this method I have kept combs the season through with- out the sign of a moth, while combs put up in the same room, in the same way, except that the paper was not used, required con- stant care to preserve them from destruction. The miller tliat produces the egg from which the moth emerges is furnished with a long ovipositor which she can insert in a very small opening, such as she is almost sure to find somewhere between almost any- two hives set one upon another. No doubt the openings are present only in a less de- gree where the paper is used, but for some reason they appear not to invite the miller ; it may be because there is something re- pulsive to her in paper, or, possibly, be- cause the paper, extending outward from the hives all around an inch or so does not allow her to take the position she desires when she uses her ovipositor. There is one function which it seems reasonable to sup- pose the paper would perform, though, as yet, I have had nothing to test it, that is, in case the moths should obtain a lodge- ment in one hive to impede their spread to the others. Tar paper unquestionably would be much more effective in this respect and quite likely fully as repulsive to the egg- laying miller. It is worthy of a trial. The method here described when the combs are reasonably clean has proved with me on the whole the most satisfactory. :!. Another way that is entirely effective against the moths is to hang the combs up to the light and air with a space of at least one inch between each comb and its neigh- bors. This answers well enough for a sea- son or two or even longer when the combs have become toughened by the cocoons of many generations of brood, but if the combs are new the light seems to have a deteriorat- ing effect upon the wax composing them causing ittoreadily crumble, besides, combs so disposed gather dust and the webs of other insects than the moths. For conven- ience in practicing this plan, when I built my shop I placed the joists overhead so as to freely admit the top bar of a Ijangstroth frame crosswise, then by nailing half inch strips near the lower edge of neighboring joists, each space is made to conveniently accommodate a tier of combs, their arms resting upon the half inch strips. 4. The other method I have to mention is the placing of the combs in hives in the bee- cellar. It appears thpt a somewhat high temperature is necessary for the propaga- tion of the wax moth, at least, I have never known them to breed in combs placed in the cellar, so I think I may safely say that any good cool cellar would be a sure pro- tection against the moths. Unfortunately my cellar is damp on account of which there THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. n is a liability to mold, unless the combs are free from filth aud beo- bread, and it is worse still if they contain any honey, since, by attracting the moisture, it begins to run aud thereby disfigures both the combs and the hives. Mice are particularly fond of bees and bee- bread as well as of a hive of combs as a place for building their nests, consequently, if they can possibly reach the combs they are liable to do much damage in a short time. The only security against them is to put the combs away in such a maimer that they can by no possibility get at them. After the preservation of all comb that promises to be of value as such there will remain, as intimated at the outset, comb of ditt'erent descriptions that is of value only for the wax it contains, and still of far too much value for that to excuse its neglect or loss. Conveniences should always be at hand in every apiary for the collection and preservation of all bits that may be trimmed from combs, frames or honey boards. .Such pieces are especially val- uable for they are composed almost en- tirely of wax, and the rendering of them is easy. These and all other comb to be render- ed should be kept away from moisture and light until that operation can conveniently be attended to. The rendering of brace and burr combs, and of other comb in which no brood has been reared, since they contain nothing to prevent the wax readily separating from the residue, is a comparatively simple mat- ter, but with that of a comb full of cocoons and bee bread the case is different, and yet, when the proper course is understood, and one knows what to expect, the operation is not a trying one. For that class of comb from which cocoons are absent, almost any method, except the one often recommended of tying it up in a bag and then boiling it to make the wax exude from the bag, will answer tolerably well. If one is already provided with an ordinary wax extractor or with a solar wax extractor it may well be used, but if I were without both I should hardly be to the expense necessary to pro- cure either. At best the solar extractor is cumbersome, can be used only about two months in the year, and is of no practical utility in rendering comb containing co- coons. As to the ordinary wax extractor, the best I can say for it after testing it thoroughly for ten years or more, is that it does tolerably well what can be done much more quickly aud easily with an open vessel. In the absence of extractors, if the comb to be rendered consists entirely of that with- out cocoons it may be put on the stove in almost any kind of a vessel that will stand tire, one of tin or copper being preferable to one of iron on account of the dark color which the latter imparts to the wax, and brought to a "boil, " of course, putting in plenty of water before placing the vessel over the tire. When the wax is all thorough- ly melted, let it cool, either upon the stove or in as warm a place as possible off the stove. When the wax is cold it may be lifted off almost free of foreign matter, and afterwards treated by a further process de- scribed later to tit it for market. Everyone who has anything to do with the heating of wax on a stove should be thoroughly im- pressed with the fact that without unflagging watchfulness the operation is attended with a good deal of danger. Boiling wax is very liable to boil over, in which case it runs at once into the tire box, takes fire, and al- most at once the stove is a mass of flames, and, of course, unless prompt preventive measures are taken the wax boils over fast- er and faster and the house itself runs an extreme risk of destruction. Only a cool, careful person should have charge of such work, and he should never be out of sight of wax boiling, or likely to boil, at least, not until he so thoroughly understands the de- tails of the process that he knows what, with- in the possibilities, may happen while he is gone. Boiling wax may be kept from run- nig over in most cases by lifting it with a dipper and pouring it back from a little height, but to meet all emergences adequate- ly, plenty of cold water should be always at hand, with a dipper. Boiling wax is easily controlled by adding cold water. For the rendering of combs containing cocoons, and that without cocoons need not be excluded, I think after trying every im- aginable method, except that by the use of steam from a boiler, that there is no pro- cess for the average beekeeper equal to that which I now use. It is as follows : I pro- vide myself with three utensils, a rendering tank or kettle, a perforated-tin vessel such as is used inside the ordinary wax extractor, and a tin scoop such as is used by grocers for the purpose of handling sugar, etc. For the first I use a circular ten vessel, 20 inches in height and 24 inches in diameter, 74 THE BEEKEEPERS' REVIEW. which is as large as the top of the stove I use in my honey house will accommo- date, but neither the shape nor size is material, except so far as the amount of work to be done requires. An old wash boiler would answer well enough for most apiaries. The utensil of perforated tin is eight inches high and ten in diameter. The scoop I use would hold about a pint but its very important characteristic is its sharp edge at the mouth of one thickness of un- folded tin. When ready for operation I place the tank, about one quarter full of water, on the stove in which I make a good Are, which, of course, is to be kept up as the necessities of the case may require. More water may be put into the tank at the start if the combs have not been prepared by soaking in water, which it is better to do, as that tends to prevent the cocoons taking up and retaining the wax. I think it is an advan- tage, also, to crumble the combs quite fine- ly which may be done readily if they have been stored where the temperature is quite low. The comb is then put into the tank, which will accommodate that from about 100 L. frames, or 170 Heddon frames. When the contents of the tank boil and the wax is all thoroughly melted it will be found that there is room in the tank for considerable more water. This is now added to the ex- tent of about a pail full which must be cold and handled with a dipper so that it may be done gently and somewhat gradually. At this point the boiling has ceased and the surface of the lately boiling comb some- what hardened so that it retains a consider- able part of the added water on the surface. Now I watch it, keeping up a moderate fire. In a few minutes the pure wax is seen ooz- ing through the crust and floiting away in streams on the water. More water is added now in sufficient (juantities to make the rising wax harden so that it may be removed with the hand. This is not a very material part of the operation but it is utilized be- cause in any case the water must be added. During the adding of the water, which must be to the convenient capacity of the tank, with a little care, about half the wax the comb contains may be removed in this way in an almost pure condition. When sufficient water has at length been added I let the whole come again to the boiling point. Then I put the perforated vessel in- to the mass at the point where the wax appears to be gathering largely, turning it about and working it down until it contains a few inches in depth of the liquid, or I put a weight upon it and let it settle and stand a few minutes for the wax to gather, then, with ttie scoop, which must be of a size to work freely inside the perforated-tin can, I dip off the melted wax from the liquid. This is best done by settling the back end of the scoop and letting the surface wax run in over the sharp edge in front which is depressed so as to get the wax without too much of the water, which is dark, while the wax is trans- parent. The perforated can is operated in this way in five or six different places more or less according to circumstances when most of the wax will have been removed. There is generally no particular object in working it too closely, for, at best, there will be a little of the wax that cannot well be re- moved. I now let the mass get cold, when the crust of the " bagasse " will be found to contain the wax which remains. This is care- fully removed and laid aside to be added to the next "batch" at about the time it first comes to the boiling point. This pro- cess is repeated until all the comb is reduced. A cover is provided for the tank and put in use whenever desirable. After this is all accomplished comes the final process for clarifying the wax from the remaining impurities. For this purpose a smaller melting vessel is desirable. I make use of an old wash boiler. I place the boiler, about half full of water, over the fire and add the wax or as much thereof as I safely can, and let it melt and boil. Now, while it is very desirable not to let wax boil more than is necessary, on account of the injury done it thereby, yet some boiling is necessary in order to put the impurities in such condition that they will readily settle below the wax. The proper stage is known from the transparency of the wax which may be discovered by lifting a littte from time to time in the scoop. When the wax thus raised is clear I let the tire go down and out. In the mean time the room is made as hot as possible and kept so. The wax is left on the stove and sometimes the vessel containing it is wrapped and covered with several thicknesses of paper. All this for the purpose of retaining the heat so that the wax may in a liquid state as long as possible to give the impurities plenty of time to settle into the water below. On the same account I am careful not to agitate the wax THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 75 in any way. If proper care has been taken the wax will remain liquid for several hours but of course the length of time will vary according to the amount of wax, the size of the vessel and the warmth of the room. When the temperature of the wax falls to about 1.")") , or, in case no thermometer is at hand, when the first signs of its beginning to harden at the edges appear, I am pre- pared with tin milk pans to receive it and with the scoop to dip the wax. This is done with care that the refuse below may not be unnecessarily disturbed, and yet, with speed, that the now rapidly falling temper- ature of the wax may not interfere with the completion of the work. All but from half an inch to an inch in depth of the wax may be dipped without greatly disturb- ing the settlings, and when it is seen that any of them adhere to the scoop, the dip- ping is stopped and the rest of the wax is left to harden where it is, when it is lifted out in a cake, and what little refuse adheres to the lower side may be readily scraped off aud the whole batch be in good condition for market. In this process the skimming ofif of such impurities as rise to the surface just as the wax begins to boil should be attended to. If the course indicated be familiarized and practiced it is contidently believed that the rendering of wax will no longer l)e con- sidered a difficult or a disagreeable opera- tion. Lapeer, Mich. March, 8, 18i)(>. Prospects for Future Honey Producers. — Is the Earth Drying up 1 B. TAYLOB. •r" \ 01k «^ ¥HAT are the future pro- j^pects for honey producers ? Profit in any productive industry centers on two factors, cost of production and sell- ing price. Produc- ing comes before selling, and we will consider that tirst. We have before this pointed to the fact that, in the past, good hcmey crops came in connection with abun- dant rainfall ; that nectar depends on vigor- ous plant growth, and successful plant life on adundant moisture and heal. What is the prospect for future moisture in this world of ours ? For facts in that direction we quote from an essay by Arthur Betts of the U. S. weather bureau. "This great world, nearly S,000 miles in diameter, is porous, aud the waters of the earth are sinking. Since the landing of the Pilgrim fathers the Atlantic shore has re- ceded nearly a mile in some places, aud the Pacific shore, being more abrupt, has rece- ded a few rods along tlie western shore of the United States. Islands are growing larger and new ones appearing. All Nature seems to point forward to a time when ' there shall be no more sea. ' I came to Webster, South Dakota, in 1882, and next May I will complete 14 years of continuous records in the Weather Service on my farm, near the village. I have seen great changes come over this country. We who live on this great central plain, where the water supplies are limited, can witness in a few years what others living farther ea-t can hardly notice in a lifetime. Lakes that were deep enough to float canoes 14 years ago are now dried up, and only a few of the very largest are now in existence. The old lake beds are now good meadows, and some are under the plow. The water level has sunk about 10 feet below the bed of ttie lakes. The good meadow lands of 1SS2 have had their day and are now being changed into grain fields. The rushes and cat-tail flags, formerly so abundant, have also passed away, and the trees of the uplands are dying out. The waters are sinking beyond the reach of evap- oration. Artesian wells will yet have to be used as a means of irrigation over these great west- ern plains. I have found petrified shells on the upland, and four feet under ground in the sand ; and I have even found them on the stony points of the highest hills — all of which carries me back in my thoughts to the day ' When around the North Pole grew bananas and willows, And inastodous fought with great armadiiloee. For the pineapples grown in Alaska. ' Tlie waterfall here is certainly growing les^ ; it is not w lat it u-ed to be. Following is the precipitation for each of the past lo years, beginning with June, 1882: 44..'>'i. 4(),(i4. .W.TC, 4.5.'2ti. :^9.(;8, 2.5.02, 2(;.70. ;^().8(!, 4^.88, 84.81, 32.44, 26.3,'"> and 18,08. This has been an excellent agricultural re- gion, and farmers in those early years made enormous profits off their farms : but now everything is at its lowest ebb, and many of the citizens are becoming discouraged. We can see that it would take years to to bring the water level back to what it was formerly, even if we had good rains from month to month 76 THE BEE-KEEPERS' RE'^ZE la Europe are seen the same wonderful changes. Beautiful lakes, 300 years ago, are now meadows and arable land, and ttie waterfall has diminished. The Icelanders assert that their country was much warmer 1,000 years ago than it is now. Among the petrifactions and fossil re mains of the far North is everything to show that the brightness and beauty of Elen were OQce there, but those days are buried deeply in the ever-growing past. The water of the earth is disappearing, and the burning-up process is slowly but surely under way, thus looking forward to a time when all life shall retire from the plan- et. It is my candid opinion that the fire of drought is what will work the terrible changes of the future." I believe that all things of organized mat- ter have a beginning and an end. Childhood, middle age, old age, and dissolution follow one another. There is reason to believe that our planet has passed its season of growth and is in the stage of decline. I be- lieve this globe has existed for millions of years and will endure for millions more. I believe that most of the theories in the bible and in the traditions of even savage people have some foundation in fact and are the faint glimmering of great truths. I suspect that the earth is not going to be consumed but is now being slowly consumed : honey, then, will not be more plentiful in the future than in the past. It will be less easily pro- duced than in past ages. The same with all kind of grains, fruits and vegetables used for the support of animal life. The only thing we have to offset these continually in- creasing unfavorable conditions is the in- creasing skill of man in productive power. Soloman says the "Wise man forseeth the the evil and avoideth it." The successful honey producer of the future, then, will have to depend more and more upon mind- giving, intelligent managment. I notice that the rainfall in the newer northern set- tlements in Minnesota is greater than in the older parts. I know from reports that bet- ter honey crops prevail in the damper re- gions. I also know that more surplus was secured near the small lakes in the southern and central parts of our State. Now, friends, do not let the rather gloomy forcaste of this article discourage you. Everything is good that helps us to discover truth. The difficulties, natural, social and industrial, that now confront, not only honey produ- cers, but all producers, are very great, and I have written this article expressly to help us to forsee the evils and avoid them. In this article I has^e dealt with natural forces that effect honey production, in the next I will treat of price as a future factor in the apiarist's battle for bread and raiment. FoBESTviLLE, Minn. Jan. 2.'), 1896. [ I know that astronomers tell us that planets havi; their birth, and" rise flourish and decay " the same as all things else. We are told that the moon is now a "dead" planet, with no water upon its surface, and that the time will sometime come when the earth will reach the same state. All this is so far in the dim and misty future that we need not worry ourselves about it. While I am not in a position to prove whether the supply of water is becoming less, I know there is a great sufficiency at present, the only trouble being in the uneven distribu- tion, and for this I think man is partly to blame. The change from good to poor seasons, however, has been too sudden to be accounted for on the ground that the water of the earth is " soaking in. " That drouth, not only at the time of bloom, but perhaps months previous, has played havoc with our honey yiel Is is, in all probability, true, but there is yet water enough, the trouble is its unequal distribution. The cutting away of forests and the construction of drains, have been blamed for this state of affairs, and probibly have increased the frequency of drouths, but I doubt if any one knows just ?{;/('/ drouth comes to a certain locality one sea=(on and not the next. Irrigation would he a remedy, but is too expensive to use for raising honey alone. I have hopes that me- teorological changes will again bring good yields of honey to those localities possessing the necessary honey plants — Ed ] Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. The Bee-Keepers' Recobd. — The follow- ing record-breaker proves the Egyptian bee to be either a great advantage or a great nuisance. A correspondent in Egypt counted 208 young queens in one colony hatched at the time of swarming. The old colony contained 200 cells still un- hatched. " I then counted all cells " he says "sealed or vacated, and they actually totted up to more than (lOO ! ! In view of this nice condition of things, I considered it about time to look at the other hives ; but after THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 11 cutting tifty-four cells from the three end combs of one stock I gave it up. Every native colony was in the same condition, and beautiful straight combs of worker cells were ruined. Quite M per cent of the whole were only tit for melting down. " The following is taken from the " Stand- ard, " perhaps an Euglish newspaper : " The native bee-master has no longer business in his own hands. Foreign competition is keen, and from the extensive apiaries of Southern California and other parts of America thousands of tons of honey come every year. * * * Above all, the grocer can make certain of receiving a steady sup- ply of a perfectly uniform quality, and as soon as the customers get accustomed to a particular brand, be it of butter, or cheese, or dried fruits, or JH.m, or honey, it is diffi- cult to persuade them to take any other. * * * Hence, he prefers to buy the Califor- nian importation, even though it yields him no more profit, if he cannot reckon on be- ing steadly sui)plied through some such agency as that which the Secretary of the Berkshire Bee-Keepers' Association and other correspondents describe. The labeled guarantee of such a society is itself a ' brand. ' Speaking of his house-apiary, VV. M'Nally says " There is no floor ( it is just placed on the level ground ), as it is better without it. " ( >ue of the correspondents of Gleanings, I notice, is of the same opinion, only he raises his ground floor by spreading over it a lay- er of loose earth. Foul brood examinations, to qualify as experts, is an Eaglish feature which, might bear transplanting to this country. " After careful trial as to specific gravity, tenacity, and density of given samples [ of wax ], T found the most reliable test for rough and ready purposes is the melting point. " — H. W. Brice. Leipziger Bienenzeitung. — This journal now has 19, .500 readers. Alois Alfonsus objects to cement presses. ( See page Hll. ) Though for some time the use of water alone is sufficient to remove the sheets from the press, yet fatty or waxy particles soon enter the pores of the cement, compelling the user to adopt some other means. The cement press, with melted wax. is not convenient for large-sized sheets. It does not last long ; one bee-keeper makes a practice of renewing his every year. But after eight years' experience with one of the metal presses of B. Rietsche, Biberach, Baden, Germany, Hert Alfonsus is so well satisfied with it as to recommend every bee- keeper to own one. For a lubricant he uses one part of honey to two parts of water and three of pure alcohol. With the aid of this he can make and trim (iO sheets an hour, without the help of an assistant or a cool- ing-vat. If desired, he says, they can be made so thin that they can not be excelled l)y the product of a mill. The last statemgnt may be questioned ; but the others are worth considering. Herr Freudenstein, a queen-breeder, does not believe that queens with defective wings ever remain in the hive and become drone- laying, but that they are always lost in at- tempting to fly. However that may be, I had one queen which was in the hive several weeks after being hatched, though she had lain no eggs. Oa throwing her up in the air several times, I found she could not fly. That point may depend on whether the hives sit on the ground or not. He considers that drone-laying results from imperfect mating, and is accidental, the male organ, after mating, for some reason not preventing the escape of the seminal fluid before it has time to enter the spermatheca, so that comparatively few spermatozoa are saved. Out of several thousand queens fertilized lie has never had one that laid drone-egg.? at the start. I have had one such queen. She was of .5- banded stock, and her mother came from one of our best queen-breeders. She never laid anything but drone-eggs. Some of her sisters were also largely drone-layers, though not altogether. They were all deficient in some respect or other. The only explana tion that could be made for the worthless- ness of this stram, which ought to have been a good one, was that it had long been bred only to the requirement of a certain locality. It goes to show, at any rate, that drone- laying is not accidental. "May sickness," perhaps the same as paralysis with us, caused a loss of over '.V) per cent of :{r>0 colonies belonging to a local association, and greatly weakened the rest so that they did not build up until after the flow. E. Clauss, who reports the matter, suggests a new theory of the cause. Three colonies, all that one member had, escaped entirely and were rich in bees and honey throughout the season. Owing to the igno- rance of their owner, they were completely unprotected the previous winter. The rea- 78 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW. Bon his bees escaped may have been that they did not begin brood-reariny until the middle of March, while the other colonies, which were in warm quarters, began in Jan- uary. The digestive organs of the latter were perhaps too severely taxed in the piep- aration of brood food when there was a deficiency of pollen, accompanied by a lack of that continual warm weather wliich in summer is a cure for the disease. However, this does not explain the in- fectious nature of the complaint. In this instance it was extremely contagious, attack- ing and overcoming not only the strongest colonies, one after another, but also some that were sent for from Hanover and Carniola. L'Apicoltobe.— Crimson clover has from time immemorial been sown in the fall in Italy and harvested in spring. It yields abundant nectar, but some think its honey is not of the best quality. It is not easy to distinguish its product, however, as it blooms at the same time as the acacia. According to Prof. G. Canestrini, of the Univerisity of Padaa, acetic fermentation of honey only results from a too liquid con- dition and is not frequent, while what he terms a "musty " or " moist" fermentation takes place more readily— whether the latter is caused by absorption of moisture or not is not stated. In this, carbonic ahydiide and a mucilaginous substance are formed, and lactic acid is also met with. The same writer, and Dr. Dubini also, give a test for deciding whether honey has come from foul-broody hives. If so, it con- tains sulphuretted hydrogen, which shows its presence by darkening or blackening a silver spoon immersed in it. But it may he doubted whether it would do so if the dis- ease were not well advanced. Prof. Canestrini's method of separating two swarms is to spray them lightly with water, place a hive a little distance willithe entrance turned toward the swarms, and present a comb to them. When some bees have collected on the comb, and have com- menced to call their companions, the comb is gradually moved toward the hive so as to make a lengthening chain of bees following after it. The two queens are to be hunted for along the chain. Dr. Dubini says he has every reason to be- lieve that Americans are mistaken in Baying that Italian bees sometimes work on red clover, and asks whether they are not confounding one species with another. But controversies similar to that over the shield which was blue on one side and red on the other have already arisen over the honey- producing qualities of the golden- rod, the strawberry and the cotton plant, with the verdict that both parties are right. If I am not mistaken, a possible confusion of species has been put entirely out of the question by the personal observations of several of our foremost bee-keepers, in particular by an article of Mr. Doolittle's a few years ago which I am unable to refer to : although there are plenty others who, like Dr. Dubini, in the course of their long and uninterrup- ted experience have not seen the Italian bee working on Trifulium x>ratense. But this is a general assertion. Will the editor or Mr. Hasty come to the rescue ? In Dr. Dubini's swarming management, alluded to on page 128, further notices show that he cuts out all the cells but one of the old colony, which is set on the stand of a strong colony which threatens to swarm, the latter being removed elsewhere. How this proceeding is a gain in the proceeds from the ()() pounds of wax are produced, worth about !J;G,432,000. Germany stands first among European countries with respect to bee-cul- ture. Her 1,1 tlO,000 colonies produce 44,1.W, 000 pounds of honey. In the United States are 2,800,000 colonies, which produce t;t;,22.5, 000 pounds of honey. " The average pro- portion of wax to honey in the world, accord- ing to the above, is surprising— one ponnd of wax to a little over five pounds of honey. The Australian Bee-Bulletin.— " There has been great loss of bee-life during the last few years in many parts of the colony, and I think foul brood has nothing to do with that. * * * In some cases what is now termed paralysis seemed to be the cause. I am strongly of the opinion that climatic influences have had much to do with the loss of bee life referred to. It is at least remarkable that with the appearance of a series of wet seasons the loss of bee- life began. * * * Of the many remedies tried none seemed to effect a permanent cure, and I think because these remedies could or did not alter the natural conditions under which the bees lived. "— W. Abram. " A large proportion ( nine-tenths of the northern bee-keepers perhaps ) think legis- lation on the subject [ foul brood J not re- quired. " — George James. By the New Zealand Foul Brood Act, the owners of diseased colonies can if they choose send suspected brood to a Govern- ment microscopical expert, paying him five shillings for examination of one portion of comb, and one shilling for each additional sample from the same apiary. There are no inspectors. An advertisement reads " Proposed Bee- Keepers' Co-operative Honey Supply Co. ( )ver 440 shares have now been applied for in the above Company, and on receipt of applications for sixty more shares a start will be made. Application forms and all information from James Trahair, Hon. Sec, Care Hebble, White & Co., 377 George Street, Sydney. " Various opinions on the subject of organ- ized marketing are as follows : " Now as regards the cost of working, take an extreme view, and say it will cost in wages, stores, horse feed, etc., 1000 pounds [English currency] per annum, or about 80 pounds per month, and an average price of three pence per pound net is paid for all honey received, and is retailed at an average of four pence per pound, which is about *.> pounds [ currency J per ton profit, it would only be necessary to sell nine tons per month or a little over two tons per week to pay the above amount in working expenses. There- fore, taking the external costs, and al- lowing that the producer gets 3 pence per pound for his honey, but from which he has to pay no commission, no cartage, storage, etc. and he only sends the one ton for sale, he is in pocket the difference be- tween what he now receives and 3 pence per pound and all commission and charges, less the 10 per cent interest on the .'i pounds [ currency ] he has paid for shares in the company. With careful management, and some good pushing, I cannot believe but what two tons per week can be sold. "—J ass. Trahair. " Co-operation will be the coming thing at the latter end of the 20th century. We are not quite civilized enough for it yet. "—J. Le. M. Schomberg. " Isolated action in these years of rings . and trusts will make as much impression as throwing butter at a jail door would. * * * Honey is at a discount in the market, not that consumption is swamped, becauseivedo not know what the consumvtion is. * * * Are there not signs of an awakening in other places, and are we not running the risk of seeing the other fellows get there first ? * * * Let us see by the end of next year whether ISi pence per pound is the value of our product, or whether it is not, what I be- lieve, a fictitious price, put on it by those interested it keeping our industry in the dust. "— R. Patten. itiK BEiL KEEPERS' REVIEW. 81 " Several of the southern colotiies are wisely taking precautions, by the appoint- ment of inspectors, to stop the exportation of an inferior article. " — E. C. Cusack. The method of working of the Berkshire Bee-Keeiiers' Association in England is thus described: " We secured most of the best grocers, dairymen, etc. in Berkshire, and the Aylesbury Dairy Company in London, as agents, all of whom undertook to stock our members' honey, we on our part under- taking to supply guaranteed pure Berkshire honey as required. Now, in order to carry out our part of the agreement, the first step was to produce a label, which guaranteed the article on which it is placed to be pure honey, and in order to protect ourselves we have these labels numbered consecutively in sets of 20,000, and sold to the members at a email profit to cover working expenses, a register being kept of those to whom these labels were supplied. * * * Our scheme has been in work for several years, and we have scarcely received a single complaint. * * * We have, of course, given the mem- bers all the necessary information as to the best way to put up and pack their pro- ducts in a clean and attractive form. I ven- ture to say that owing largely to the efforts of our association and our label system, Berkshire honey has gained in reputa- tion,not only the county, but outside its borders, and practically we are able to dis- pose of all that our members produce, and we may claim to have substituted Berkshire honey in the place of foreign on the shelves of a large number of tradesmen, thus dis- posing locally and saving transit, of a large proportion of the produce of the apiaries of Berkshire. " Rheinische Bienenzeitung. — " Our fath- erland does not suflfer from an over-produc- tion of honey. But the honey of a region is too frequently offered to the same markets, so that the price there is necessarily much lowered. * * * In this respect the single bee-keeper is powerless. * * * In various branches of industry, especially in agricul- ture, single producers have in many ways united themselves into associations. * * * These associations can get better prices, because there is but one seller instead of many. That under capable management they do well, is sufficiently well known to the initiated. * * * Shall we bee-keepers disregard the road which landowners, in disposing of milk, butter, cheese, and lately grain, have advantageously followed ?— B. Huendgeu. CoNuuiTE uu RDOiiEK. — This is a manual of apiculture arranged according to months, by Edouurd Bertraud, editor of La Revue Internationale. As I do not remeu^ber to have seen before a discription of the " queenless hum," the following may be worth quoting: " If the bees give out a lively buzzing, which stops promptly and completely, it shows the queen is there ; if the hum is prolonged, and increases in intensity, the colony is probably queenless. This sign is infallible in the spring, when the first visits are made, but later is not so certain. " The chief fault of the Carniolans, he says, is that they do not defend themselves against robbers as well as any of the other races. In the rare cases in which a queen is not laying in the latter half of March, the mere inspection of the colony ought to incite laying. If two or three days later eggs are not found, the queen is worthless. Such a rule should no doubt be adapted to localities. I have known a queen to not begin until a week or so after the Ist of April, and be all right. Apparently in this case she was in- cited to lay by a previous inspection, as he says. Page 287, colomn 2, line 14, read " none " instead of " more. " Page 340, colomn 1, line i;> from the bottom, " ten " should be " few, " and two lines above, read 1.500 in- stead of 15,000. Abvada, Colo. Feb. 5, 189G. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. z. HUTCHINSON. Editor and Proprietor. Tebms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more, 70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi bw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FL/NT. MICHIGAN. MAR. 10. 1896. The Southland Queen comes out with a spick and span new dress ( of type ) . There isn't one of the bee journals has a handsomer " dress " now than has the Queen. 82 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW The American Bee Journai. has moved to 118 Michigan St. This was done to secure room enough for the Bee Journal and the Root-supply business all in one place and on one floor. F. L. Thompson's review of the foreign bee journals was crowded out last mouth, and this month it is put in with the reg- ular review for this month, which makes his article twice its usual length. Mr. Taylor's article on the preservation of combs reminds me that I have had on hand for several months, waiting for a sea- sonable time for publication, an article from E. France on the preservation of combs. I will try and give it next mouth. The Heddon Leaflet that I intended to give this month was crowded out. It is pretty long, altogether too long for a leaflet, but it has a good many good things in it, and I shall try to give it next month. Mr. Slocum of Newport, R. I. has sent me a foreign leaflet, one used by a Mr. Tuch- schmid of Lucerne Switzerland. I shall give this as soon as I can. Large Crops of honey are secured in Cal- ifornia when the season is favorable. The Pacific Bee .Journal gives a list of some of the large yields. Here are a few of them. Mr. U. A. Wheeler of Riverside got CtO tons of honey from 900 colonies of bees. H. E. Wilder of Bloomington, V2 tons from 120 colonies. M. Segars of San Bernardino 20 tons from :500 colonies. Mr. John Fox has taken ir> tons from 800 colonies. Mr. Oderlin has taken 19 tons from 140 tons. Emerson Bros, have taken 24 tons from :W0 colonies. Mr. W. W. Walk. Newhall, has taken 8 tons from KiO colonies. Criss Hoppe, Santa Monica, has taken 20 tons from 400 colonies. Mr. Wm. Muth Rasmussen of Independ- ence, Inyo County, is running 2">0 colonies of bees, and has taken 21.700 filled sections. Mr. T. (). Andrews of Rincon, Cal., has an apiary of 40O colonies and has this year taken 27 tons of extracted honey. It is not to be wondered at that market- ing is the one great problem that confronts the Califoruian apiarist. This Issue of the Review is gotten up especially to use in sending out sample copies when they are called for. Three pages at the back are used in setting forth the excellencies and characteristics of the Review. That regular reading matter may not be crowded out thereby, eight extra pages are added. ■■■jf* ^^'m^'mf^' The Pacific Bee Journal is the name of a new, 18-page, 50-ct., quarterly, just start- ed in California, at 3()5 E. Second St., Los Angeles, and it is the best California bee journal that I have ever seen. Its contrib- utors are practical men and it is well gotten up. The only criticism that I would make is that lines running clear across the page are not so easy to read, nor so attractive, as those of the ordinary newspaper column. The California Bee-Keepers' Exchange, about which these western brethren have talked so much, is at last an assured fact. It now has 100 members, each of which agrees to sell his honey only through the exchange. A bright business man has been secured as Secretary and Manager, and he will devote his whole time to the manage- ment of the business. It is expected that the membership fees, and one-sixth of the honey crop, which every member of the Association is to promise, will give all the needed funds for running the business. Heretofore the trouble has been that there have been hundreds of producers, many with enormous crops, especially in good years, pitting themselves, one against another, in trying to dispose of their prod- uct. This was a condition of affairs of which buyers were not slow to take advan- tage. When the majority of the bee-keep- ers are members of the Exchange, instead of there being hundreds of sellers compet- ing with one another, there will be only one seller— the Exchange The Exchange ex- pects to assist its members in buying ( at wholesale ) as well as in selling. Grading Honey is spoken of in Gleanings for March 15. Mr. Thos. Elliott of Har- vard III., uses a grading suggested by Dr. Miller. This was a compromise between the Chicago grading and that proposed at Albany in year 1891. In 1892 the North American in its meeting at Washington still farther " revised " this grading and adopted THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 83 it. Since theu the Keview has liept this gradiug staudiug at the head of its market column, and it is printed on the blanks sent out to dealers for their use in giving quota- tions, and quotations are given in conform- ity with that gradiug. The editor of (Jleau- ings suggests that we take up the Miller grading and use it, and says that Gleanings stands ready co-operate with any of its co- temporaries. Good. But why adopt the grading of a private individual ( unless it is better) when that adopted by the leading bee keepers' society of this country has been in use three years by one journal, and during that time not one criticism has been made by dealers or shippers ':' If that adopted by the North American has any faults, let them be pointed out and have them corrected at its next meeting, but don't encourage the use of different sets of rules for grading and thereby bring in "confusion worse con- founded." AMALGAMATION. The proposed amalgamation of the North American and the Bee Keepers' Uiio" seems to be receiving considerable opposition of late, and some are asking why the frie' ds of the scheme do not come forward and defe d their position. They t/id do so mof'ths ago, so long ago that those who are now opposed to the plan seem to have forgotten the rea- sons that were given in favor of amalgama- tion. Money, or the lack of it, seems to be at the bottom of the opposition. The mem- bers of the Union seem to feel that " We have accumulated this money and we don't propose to let the members of the North American come in and enjoy it. " It is evi- dent that if the North American had a big " wad " of money there would be a different feeling. The North American was tot created for the purpose of laying upmorey. Its whole object was to meet socially aid discuss apiarian subjects for mutual im- provement. Sufficient morey to defray the expenses of these meetings was all the mon- ey that was needed. The need for conven- tions for the dissemination of knowledge is now little needed, thanks to an excellent and cheap literature. The social feature is still as attractive as ever, but times are hard and honey crops very uncertain, and there is a feeling that if there were only one Natio-'al Association it would receive a bet- ter support and do more good than would be the case when the energies and money are divided. Practically, the North American agrees to disband ad join with the Union, helpii'g to make the latter a greater power for good; but no, the members of the Union say, in substance, " Get out of here you beg- gars, we want none of you. " And so long as this feeling exists, o'ly trouble could come from an amalgamation. WHY HONEY AGREES WITU PEOPLE BETTER THAN IT DID YEARS AGO. If you will stop to think about it a mo- ment, I think you will admit that you don't hear so much about honey not agreeing with people as you did in the past. Years ago, a great many people " Couldn't eat honey, " because it — distressed them so. I never thought about this cry as dying out, neither should I have imagined the cause of it, had not Mr, John Andrews, of Patten's Mills, N. Y., written me about it. Every bee keeper who has had occasion to handle bees when the weather is a little cool, or, if he does not use much smoke, has seen the bees elevate the tips of their abdome-^s, thrust out their stings, a"d on the tip of each sti' g seen a minute droplet of poison, Mr. Andrews asks " Where does this poison go? Does it go back in the sac V " He says not ; and it does not look reasonable that it should. He says that it eventually gets spread around on the combs, a^ditis this poison that causes the " gripes. " We all know that honey taken from a " bee tree " is much more likely to cause unpleasabt symptoms than is the case with other honey. In this case the bees are greatly disturbed, a' d many of them crushed in the honey. As Mr. Andrews says, " The uncapping k ife and the bee- escape have laid this trouble on the shelf." He says that men who once said to him " I can't eat honey, " have now become good customers as a result of findi"g out the cau'eof their former trouble. Perhaps here is a point that ought to go into a leaflet. BEES WORKING ON RED CLOVER. Red clover furnishes an abundance of honey, but the tubes of the blossoms are usually so deep that the bees cannot reach the honey. I have often picked a blossom, and, pulling out some of the tubes, squeezed them through the ends of my fingers and seen a minute drop of honey ooze out from the end of each tube. Putting these little §4 TEE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. drops to the tongue, they could be easily tasted. When the first crop of red clover is in bloom the bees pay very little attention to it. I presume it is because the white clover and basswood are in bloom at the same time, and they can do better than to be hunting for the dwarfed, half-size blos- soms of the red clover, from which they might be able to extract a little honey. I have occasionally seen a bee on the first bloom, but it was very seldom. On the second crop, that raised for the seed, I al- most always find a large number of bees at work. There are probably two reasons for this. One is that, in some localities, there is little else to keep them busy, and the other is that these blossoms on the second growth, that is, many of them, are smaller than those on the first growth. Notwith- standing that the bees often work industri- ously for two or three weeks on the second growth of red clover, I have only once had my bees store any surplus from it. It just about keeps the bees out of mischief, and incites to breeding. One year I was aston- ished to see work resumed in the sections in August, and it went ahead so bravely that I looked up the source from which the honey came, and it was from the second growth of red clover. The fields of this clover were fairly swarming with bees. My brother and myself had 1,000 pounds of red clover, comb honey that year from about 70 colonies. An unusual drouth that year had stunted the growth of the clover, thereby making the blossoms smaller and the tubes so short that the bees could reach the nectar. One interesting point was that the pure Italians stored more honey than did the hybrids and much more than did the blacks, in fact, the latter did but very little. The foregoing is given in response to Bro. Thompson's cry for some to " come to his rescue. " EXXRKOTED. Selling Honey on Commission. A few weeks ago Mr. E. T. Abbott in the American Bee Journal condemmed the busi- ness pretty severely. Said it was wrong in principle. It allowed some other man to do business on your capital. It placed your goods and business in the hands of a stran ger at whose mercy you were placed com- pletely. Etc., etc. The only business-like way of doing business was to sell for cash. Of course, there is truth in what Bro. Abbott says, but there is also another side to the commission business, and in a Idte number of the American Bee Journal Doctor Miller shows it up as follows : — " On page 87, Mr. Abbott takes very radi- cal ground — a little too radical, it seems to me. His idea is all right, that it's a risky thing to send honey to men you know noth- ing about. That's true, and the fact that commission men have things so largely in their own hands makes it all the more im- portant to know about the man you deal with. But if you know your man, and are sure that he's straight and honest, I don't see why there's anything wrong in the principle of selling on commission. Why is the principle any different from hiring a man to peddle honey for you V In either case it is doing business on your capital, and so is the man doing business on your capital who uses your saw to saw your stove- wood. ' Most commission men are honest and honorable, ' says Mr. Abbott. Then find out which they are, and ship to them, if you've no better way to dispose of your honey. There's just a bit of moonshine in the idea that there's no risk about selling for cash. If a man is dishonest it may be safer to send on commission than to sell for cash. For if you sell to him for cash and he fails to pay on receipt of the honey, you have no recourse at law if the man is not financially responsible ; whereas, if you ship to him on commission, and he pockets the proceeds, you can proceed against him as a criminal. Don't condemn the whole commission busi- just becausethe minority of men in it are bad. " I presume that the greater part of the comb honey that I have produced has been sold by commission men, and I have never seen any cause for regret in sending it to them. The first 1,000 pounds of comb honey that I ever produced was sent, the 4th of July, to Mr. A. C. Kendel, a commission merchant of Cleveland, Ohio. Within two weeks the honey was sold at 15 cents a pound and I had the money in my pocket. But I knew before sending him the honey that he was an honorable man. For years he had given quotations in Gleanings, and Mr. Root had often spoken very favorably of him. I had never heard one word of com- plaint against him. Mr. R. A. Burnett has also sold considerable honey for me in a way that has been very satisfactory. He has sometimes secured as much as two cents a pound above the regular market, because my honey was very fine and put up neatly. TilJL BEhj-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 85 I also ouce seut several thousaud pounds to New York, where it was sold, ou comuiis- siou, at the very highest notch, and returns made promptly. I would not send honey to any man to sell for me unless I had perfect faith in his honesty, integrity and ability. .\s a rule, a man will secure more for his honey if it is sold ou commission. If a man is doing business "on your capital, " as Bro. Abbott says, he can afford to do a little bet- ter for you than he could if he furnished the capital himself. If a man has got to put his own money into goods, and then take his chances of selling them, he surely cannot pay so much as he would probably get, less his commission, if he sold them for you on commission. If your commission man is the right kind of a man, and he is selling for you on commission, you will get all that it is possible for you to get in that market Aside from the losses to shippers, such in- cidents as that of the Horrie & Co. affair are unfortunate in that they lessen confi- dence in a class of men many members of which are wholly deserving. The Benton, Bee Bulletin. Mr. Frank Benton has written, and the U. S. Government has printed a bulletin on bees. For the purpose for which it is intend- ed, that of giving the main facts in bee- keeping to some one who is interested in bees, but is not a professional bee-keeper, the book is excellent. It is a difficult book to review. I have tried several times to get up a review of it, but could not succeed to my satisfaction. The trouble is that a great share of the book is a condensation of well- known facts in bee-keeping— that is, well- known to bee-keepers. As might be expect- ed there is a freshness about the description of the different varieties of bees. In this line Mr. Benton is at home. Nearly half of the engravings are new and most excellent. ( )n the whole, though, I doubt, if I can do bet- ter than to copy the following from the American Bee -lourual. I presume, but " don't know, " that it was written by Dr. Miller. " 'The Honey-Bee ; A Manual of Instruc- tion in Apiculture.' By Frank Benton, M. S. — This book, already mentioned, is issued as Bulletin No. 1, new Series, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Division of Entomolo- gy. It is (') X 9 inches, paper cover, 118 pages, 11 of them being blank, the obverse of the beautiful full-page engravings. As already mentioned, the many illustrations are ex- ceedingly fine, theie being 88 in all, includ- ing the 12 full-page plates. Of course, some of the engravings are the old ones with which all readers of bee-books are familiar, but most of them are new. more than 30 be- ing original, ( )n page I^J are three cuts that seem to be put in to fill up, no reference being made to them in the reading matter. They represent the manner of handling a frame so as not to have the comb break out —a manner of manipulation that it is hardly worth while to give in these days of wired frames. The book is divided into 12 chapters, treating of Classification, Kinds of Bees, Manipulation, Establishing an Apiary, Hives and Implements, Pasturage Spring Manip- ulation, Securing Surplus Queen-Rearing, Increase, Wintering, Diseases and Enemies. The author sets the amount of honey nec- essary to produce a pound of wax at a high- er figure than many do in these latter days, saying that IS to 20 pounds are necessary to produce a pound of white comb. The use of the quilt is taught as one of the regular things, although in the most popular hives of the present day no quilts are used. Possibly the extra warmth obtained through quilts would more than repay their extra trouble. Here is an extract with regard to the use of the veil that some would do well to con- sider : 'To dispense entirely with the bee- veil is a more important consideration, es- pecially to the professional bee master, than is at first apparent to the inexperienced. Its use injures the eyesight seriously, espec- ially where one is obliged to strain his eyes for hours to see eggs, larv», etc., in the cells ; to hunt out queens and queen-cells, and adjust frames. Besides this, the hin- drance to rapid work which the veil causes, as well as the great discomfort of wearing it for hours during hot weather, are consider- ations worth weighing. ' The statement, ' If the combs are so old as to be nearly black and to show cell-walls much thickened, they are very objection- able. ' would be more readily endorsed in England than in this country. The author has evidently given much at- tention to the matter of honey-plants, and he strongly rpcommends to bee-keepers in Middle and Northern regions a trial of Japan and suUa clovers. A list of honey- plants is given for the North above latitude 40 de- grees, for the South below :'>;"> degrees, and one for the Middle section between 35 de- grees and 40 degrees. The relative im- portance of the plants is shbwn by four dif- ferent kinds of type. The most important, given in full capitals, are, for the North- raspberry, white and Alsike clovers, linden and buckwheat ; for the Middle section — tulip tree, sourwood, alfalfa and sweet clo- ver ; for the South — white sage, horseraint sourwood, saw a"d cabbage palmetto, black mangrove and alfalfa. For full sheets in sections, 'thin ' founda- tion is advised on page 90, and ' extra thin ' on nage 5.5, The author says he has seen .3.50 queen- cells constructed at one time by a single col- 86 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. ony in Tunis. Henry Alley thinks only ten or a dozen good cells can be reared at one time in a colony ; but Mr. Benton thinks a large proportion are good in colonies that have several times as many. There are good reasons for believing that the latter is cor- rect in his views. With the right condition, he says ' there need be no hesitancy in per- mitting the construction of hundreds of queen-cells in one colony, if such num- bers are needed.' Clipping queens is spoken of in such way as might mislead the novice to think a queen should be clipped annually. A good point is made on page 98 which is perhaps new. After removing the old colo- ny to a new location after swarming, intro- duce a young queen within a day or two. This will secure the destruction of the queen cells, whereas if the colony is left till the first queen hatched out, it might have enough bees added to its numbers as to warrant swarming. Some would take issue with Mr. Benton when he advises, at the time of dividing, that the queenless part be left on the old stand. The plan of dequeening during the honey- flow is not commended, but the author rec- ommends replacing the old queen early in the season with a queen of the same season's rearing. He has no sympathy with the ' pollen theory, ' and is on the safe side in recom- mending 40 pounds of winter stores in Northern regions. Oq the whole, this book, with its large, clear type, and its plain putting of correct teachings, is a real credit to the author and the Department of Agriculture. " Another Magazine Article on Bee-Keeping. I believe that the Cosmopolitan was the first magazine to give to the general public an illustrated article on bee-keeping. Suc- cessful editors, however, do not like to be outdone. If a contemporary brings out something novel, they like to show that they can do the same thing ; so Harper's maga- zine for March comes out with a most charm- ingly written and illustrated, ten page arti- cle, entitled "Arcadian Bee-Ranching ; " in which California bee-keeping is pictured in a style truly picturesque. The author is a woman, Ninetta Eames. She is not a pro- fessional bee-keeper, but as a word-painter she would certainly rank as a professional. Let me give a paragraph or two to show that if she can't handle bees she can words. " To set one's teeth through an exquisite- ly frail comb brimming with the delicate nectar of the white sage — Audibertia — is a gustatory relish not to be otherwise equaled. More especially is this true if one has all the concomitants— a warm clean stone under a singing sycamore, mountain air spiced with countless odors, the monotone of bees at their voluptuous toil, a landscape billow- ing up to gigantic summits, and a stream hard by to keep the shout up in the heart. " In describing swarming the following language is employed. " A vortex of agitated bees rising in the air, thousands upon thousands of them, all flying in a circular net -work of lines, in- volving the queen as a nucleus. Not sure of their destination, but with never a break in their anarchic hum, they sway up and down, now gathering their ranks about an attractive bush, then as quickly disbanding and again whirling and massing themselves in dizzy evolutions, until finally a dark mov- ing cloud settles into ob«tinate compactness on the limb of a tree. Here they continue to hang motionless in an elongated pendu- lous cluster until captured for the hive. " Here is another little bit, descriptive of the scenery and the blossoms. " Where the great hushed peaks stand reverently apart at the sharp-toothed jaws of the gorge a strip of bench-land follows narrowly up the Sespe, its surface covered with an enchanting tangle of purple and lavender sage, yellow mustard blooms, the blue of larkspur and phacelia, mimuluses swinging their golden censers, and a bewil- dering galaxy of other flowers nodding upon their slender scapes. And how the bees revel, each eager worker greedily cramming with yellow meal the baskets strapped to his ( ? ) sturdy thighs, or gorging his ( ? ) pocket with the colorless nectar of chalice and tube ! Many of their numbers dive recklessly into carvernous cups, and emerge therefrom with their natty spring jackets absurdly dusted with pollen. " How that pesky little pronoun " his, " "gives away" the writer, so to speak. The editor of the Cosmopolitan fell into the same error when putting a sub-head on my article. It is evident that the gender and sexual relation of bees are little understood by the general public. As still further evidence, read the following taken from this charming article. "Its chastity likewise is well unerstood, there being only one departure from this rule, and that for the high motive of per- petuating the swarm. Unlike many worthy dames, the queen-bee is never known to take a second wedding journey, though the object of her fatal preference dies upon that fate- ful occasion, without even being aware that he has fathered her prospective ten thousand progeny. These charming insects seem not to be troubled by the grosser instincts of human animals, and it would be interesting to trace this fact to the exqusite refinement of their food. As a slight foundation to be- gin with, we find everywhere in ancient bee classics a widespread belief in the high de- ■£HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 87 gree of spiritual and mental \\qot following the pers-istent use of honey as a diet. " It is evident that the writer did not con- sider that the queen and drones, who, when the proper time comes, seem to be " troubled by the grosser instincts of human animals, " derive their sustenance from the same etherial source as is the case with the work- ers. It seems to be well-nigh impossible for one not a professional bee-keeper to write about bees without making more or less "breaks." Perhaps it ought not to be ex- pected. The author does not attempt to give any great amount of information regarding bees and bee-keeping — simply to hold up a mirror in which we may catch a glimpse of the picturesque side of bee-keeping in Southern California. In this she has been eminently successful. I should judge that she visited the apiary of Mr. .J. F. Mclntyre, as she mentions the Sespe which is the name of his post office, and says that the extractor is run by a water motor furnished with water through a pipe that extends to a reservoir high up on the " bench, " which is the case with the Mclntyre extractor. There is also an illustration of the AVilkins-apiary, a picture of which was given years ago in Gleanings. I believe Mr. Mclntyre now has charge of this apiary. You know it is the fashion now-a-days to have a little "dialect" in a story, and it looks as though our genial friend the " Ram- bler" had been made the victim this time. Witness the following ; — " The next day after visiting the Sespe apiary my landlady in the modest country inn where I was stopping introduced to me a mild, stoop-shouldered man in worn coat and overalls. 'I was telling Mr. Martin you wanted to know all about California bees. He's the oldest bee-hunter in Ventura, and is going to Lake Glen this afternoon, and will be glad o' your company. ' This was unexpected good fortune, and I thanked them both warmly. Mr. Martin took a chair, and carefully placing his hat on the floor beside him, pulled ont a coarse cotton handkerchief and wiped his sun- browned face and neck. His kind blue eyes had the manly straightforwardness of one not ashamed of his thoughts, and when he spoke it was directly to the purpose : ' You're more'n welcome to the ride, ma'am, though you won't see so many bees up to the Glen as on the Sespe ranch. But you'll find the place sightly ; jes the kind women folks like — a lot o' posies an' ferns, an' trees bigger'n the valley oaks, with a lake in the middle pretty enough to make po'try 'bout. The folks there is friends o' mine, an' would make you to home over- night, an' next mornin' you could ride horseback 'cross the mountains to " Happy Camp. " That's Richardson's place. He keeps two three hundred stands there, and the same 'mount on Las Fosas. 'i'here ain't no better bee pasture anywhere than you'll see in them Taj)o an' Siini mountains. It's a reg'lar Canaan : not ezzactly ' flowin ' with milk, 'fur most the cows is beef critturs, but the ' brooks o' honey ' is there all the same. ' " A very graphic description is given of the ride over the steep and rough mountain road, and of the way in which " Rambler, " if it were he, beguiled the w.iy by his " dia- lect. " Perhaps I cannot close more appropriately than by quoting the following : — " A man should have a good deal of the hermit in him to get the best there is in Arca- dian bee-ranching. He must think himself good company, and his bees better than neighbors, for the isolation of his territory precludes all social advantages. In the long festival of honey-gathering the apiarist is rarely met with in the settlements, for a true lover of bees accounts it a hardship to miss the swarming of a single one of his hives. If he has wife and children willing to share hi" exile, no man is more envied of the gods. The most careless eye mistakes not the seal of his divine prerogative. The primitive shanty standing on the outskirts of the apiarv bourgeons with lean-to and porch, and takes on a respectable coat of whitewash. Fruit trees grow up like magic, roses and geraniums riot about the door, and you henr the homely clatter of barn- yard fowls. " Let us be thankful that the leading mag- azines of this country are beginning to give their readers articles on bee-keeping. Good will come of it. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HISTY, BID you ever hear two desperate stutterers try to correct each other's pronuncia- tion ? Well, that's the way it works when I try to correct the crazy mathematics of the journals. Between the Review and myself we get in more craziness in place of what we cast out. In the last View, where it speaks about Baldensperger's census, read m7S instead of il7S for the number of eggs the queen lays on the average each day of the year. You will note that the number is twice given, once incorrectly, and once cor- rectly. THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViJ^W. Wolf ! Wolf ! ! Wolf ! ! ! Cuba's going to be free. Spirit of the age is against any more petty nations. Some of our folks will advise them strongly to join Mexico ; but they have no inclination that way. They think the price of land would boom faster, and the sugar business develop to greater propor- tions if they were a part of the American Union. Heads level on that point, no man can deny, if they can ignore race and re- ligion differences. So Cuba is very likely to tumble to us in spite of everything. And then will come, duty free, more honey than all our markets can carry. What shall we do about it, climb a tree, or go to Cuba V CANADIAN BEE JOURNAL, Its "head'" is not level, but quite slantin'^icular; Its face is so prude, and ijrim. and particular, You'd think it had come in natural gradation From good Quaker blood of a past generation. Yes, and that square in the lower right hand corner, in which is sometimes a poet and and sometimes a poetry, sometimes a pirate and sometimes a pie without the rate ( or if the two latter have not yet appeared they are liable to) thi^ is unique, and gives us an acquainted-like feeling. The last number makes a cheerful shout over the passage of the legislation they have been trying for so long, the anti-sugar-hon- ey bill. It has been amended somewhat, it seems ; and lack of time, or modesty, or some other reason, keeps them from giving usthetexr. So we cannot see for ourselves just what sort of a looking " critter " it is. Venture to guess that the Solons of the gov- ernment have given them enlarged penalties against real adulterators and evil doers, and shorn their power to persecute innocent neighbors. In such a case we may all cheer- fully rejoice together. The Canadian experimenters, as we see from page <>7!» of December, tried black foundation to discover how far the wax con- tained in the foundation was pulled out. The result was a regular gradation of color from the black center to the white tips of the cells. The February number has an article on the possible use of bees as message carriers in war. It is copied from the N. Y. World. Carrier birds can be shot, or caught with falcons, but carrier bees would be nearly impossible to halt on the road. It is alleged that an English bee-man succeeded in fasten- ing tissue paper letters to the backs of bees, and sending them four miles. Granted that this one man succeeded, we may well sus- pect that ten men would fail for lack of sufficient delicacy of touch and craft. It is suggested in the article that bees could be used on a course of fifty miles in length. Neither bees nor birds can be used on long courses without being practiced over the ground ; and this preliminary training in the case of bees would be troublesome, to say the least. Untrained bees could not be depended on for much over two miles, while untrained birds are good for much more than that. Birds can also be kept longer awaiting service than bees can. Captive bees seem to get attached to their quarters very soon. Whether this attachment is real, and strong enough to hinder them from start- ing home promptly, I am unable to say. Bunglers of course would be liable to get young bees that would be hopelessly lost if they were taken away even forty rods. The best point of the bee as a war mes- senger was not mentioned in the article. Nothing I think of can compete except dogs; and dogs would be sure to be shot. An apiary could be planted seven miles from a fortress likely to be besieged, and the bees taught to go in crowds to the fortress for honey every day. When needed the bees at the fortress would lie trapped at an appointed hour, and those at home temporarily shut in ( or bet- ter yet, smoked just enough to keep them from going out. ) Then, after a few minutes the signals from the fortress would be sent. Now I am going to unfold a new, patent method— and who knows but some big gen- eral will be after me as his chief of staff ? Send the bees home at short intervals, and let each invoice of them represent a letter of the alphabet, by a sort of Morse Code. S!iy let one black equal A ; one Italian equal E ;one of each equal I ; two blacks equal (); two Italians equal U : three blacks equal B ; three Italians equal C ; and so on. If a minute of time proved sufficient for the in- tervals the telegraphins would get ahead at the rate of about twelve words per hour. To telegraph the other wpy each hive in- volved would have to be caged in with wire cloth ; and to release just the right number out of a crowd inside the wires, without frightening them enough to spoil results, would be a delicate affair, yet I guess it could be done. It's a pity so much genius should be wasted : but between the helio- graph and the balloon I'm " afeered " my THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 8S» oee telegraph will be left to waste its sweet- uess ou tlie desert air. The last number of the Canadian is most- ly taken up with the Ontario Bee- Keepers' Convention ; but has in addition articles on Sweet clover, Bleaching Wax, and the death of Mrs. Lyman C. Root. About sweet clover friend Dibbern says ( page 749. ) * Farmers seem to be prejudiced aRainst the plant, and we should trj' and teach them that they are wrong." Perhaps. But then our success in the teaching may not be very great ; and possi- bly the labor of love may not altogether conduce to our own peace of mind— too much like trying to teach Orangeman that the pope is a good fellow. It seems from E. B. Weed's article on page 74S that strips of wax for bleaching are made by running the melted material through a row of small holes upon a cold re- volving roller of wet felt. The Convention almost got stalled on the question whether pails for extracted honey should be returned or sold with the honey. I find quite a difference between country custom and city custom in that regard. My country customers return pails so faithfully that scarcely anything better can be asked. The essayist on .-he overstocking question, C. W. Post, ( as per page 758 ) reports a very practical experiment. Two colonies as nearly similar as possible, one in a large apiary and one in a small apiary not many miles away, are weighed each day. That is, fields being practically the same, how much more honey will be gathered where the bees are much less numerous ? The result for several years has been that surprisingly little difference appeared in the amounts gathered. ( )ne year .^2.5 colonies were run in a single apiary, and the three best days of the season scored 80 pounds. Seven miles away were 70 colonies, and their score was 81 pounds for the same days. Evidently in a grand rush of honey it is hard to get over- stocked— and in famine even 40 colonies overstock the fi'='ld. Who knows but the frequent removal of the nectar has the same effect on a flower as milking on a cow — tendency to go dry if not milked ? And we must by no means forget the danger and damage of overstocking in the brood rear- ing season. The General Round-Up. In the last volume of the American Bee- -Journal, page 648, friend Eugene Secor treats the plan of liiving i)rime swarms in a shallow chamber for immediate section building. A queen excluder is to be put above of course. He finds that swarms de- sert worse when hived that way, but does not regard the objection as insuperable. Much worse is their tendency to build queen cells immediately, and swarm ten days later — a trick he finds it very hard to pre- vent. Still worse, and all the more so be- cause it seems impossible to prevent it, is thefact that sections crowded close down on a shallow brood chamber are pretty sure to gst more or less pollen stored in them. In Switzerland some of the public schools give lessons in handling bees, with actual hives for models. No wonder then that the Swiss census reports a hive of btes to each 1;") inhabitants in the nation. There, at least, the specialist idea has rather to take a back seat, and give place to the idea of im- proving the larder and fortune and mind of everybody. A. S. Rosenroll in A. B. .J. (i48. Mc Arthur's bees which he is making at Toronto island are from a Carniolan queen crossed with select Italian drones. They are pretty, and surprisingly gentle. If he resists the temptation to " pretty " them and " gentle " them until the get-up-and-git is mostly bred out of them it will be the most surprising thing of all. He also works at stocking the island, once barren, with honey plants. I am pleased to see that his judgement of the goldenrod is the same as mine. The very numerous species of gold- enrod can be roughly divided into two divis- ions, those with plume-shaped heads, and those with heads more or less flat-topped. The latter kind draw bees best at Toronto island, as is the case with me. See A. B. .J. !)r)8, for a very interesting article about the whole matter. Scent the cage with which you wish to introduce a queen, by keeping the old queen in it for a little while. Cannot do any harm and is supposed to a heap of good, by friend Bartz. A. B. J., 0(5,5. To find queen« in the shallow, Heddon, sections, set each section separately on a wide board. Blow a plenty of smoke in at the top. Then quickly lift the sections off, and the queen will be found on the board under the section she happened to be in. Adrian Getaz. A. B. J., 7.58. I should con- sider this tip top, except that now and tiien a queen, perhaps one in ten, may be so bold as to refuse to leave combs. 90 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIJU^W. The question box, A. B. J., 739, had quite a racy time catching an apiarian thief. 'Pears like everyone knows how to deal with thieves, except the poor unfortunates who are troubled with them. Let me quote a lit- tle, and add the obvious objections. Elwood— Offer a reward of fifty dollars — More than your probable stealage bill for twenty years. Mrs. Harrison— Keep Cypri- an bees, or a bulldog — And punish innocent persons a hundred times where the guilty persons is punished once. Several — Watch — And catch your death cold, but never the thief. Dr. Brown— Set a gun — Unlawful and unchristian ; and you'll forget about it and get shot yourself. Hambaugh suggests a gun with nothing but powder in it, which is not quite so bad ; yet the rogue may stay away six months, and keep a good fowling piece idle and rusting, and wind up by steal- ing the gun itself. Dadant and Doolittle suggest guessing who he is, and making him a present of honey. Pretty good, except the guessing part. If you should guess the wrong person, and he should guess ivhy you presented the honey — why then, why then ! The racket seems to have stirred up one of the brethren, who gives on page 2\) of the current vclume, his personal experience. You'll never guess how he wards off thieves. Four cross dogs strung on wires by sliding rings ! Mercy on us I Wouldn't a small pox hospital help it some ? And this is the picture of the toad, as he is set forth by the Canadian Bee- Master in the A. B.J. ,779. He professes to be quoting ( C. B. M., not the toad ) but I entertain a doubt on that point. " Beside theliivo liesiiuats, and there prepares, Apparently to say liis evening prayers ; He looks so solemu, grave, demuie, devout — But, wretched liypoorite, and gracelebs lout, He knows too well the mischief he's about, Anil catches bees— quicker than yon can siiout ' .lack Robinson , or any other thing. Regardless of the poison and the sting." Whack ! Hear how Sullivan — beg pardon, Dadant — cracks the skulls of " we-un?," the small hive men, on page 790, A. B. J., where he says the bee-keepers in France are get- ting over the delusion that small hives are best. With the beginning of the year, and new heads all around, the American Bee Journal got one that reads " Biographical," and forthwith goes in again into a puddle in which it was. not loig since, the biggest load. Eriend, F. L. Thompson is the first vic- tim. Try him again sometime friend York : this one looks too much as if it were taken with the X ray. Thanks for the sketch, which is all right. In Thompson's initial article for the year he suggests that there is as much poetry in three or four colonies of bees as in a larger number, if poetry is what we are really after. Ah, comrade Baldridge, prince among sweet clover men, how could you ? How could you publish that picture of a cane brake of sweet clover which pppears on page 17, A. B. J. ? That's it to a T. True to nature enough. But that exuberant leaf of nature is just what makes our farmer friends rage and pitch. They decidedly don't like such a style of roadside — ahem I neither do I. Dadant on page 19, A. B. J., explains the puzzle why the adulteration of foundation is so much worse in Europe than here. Northern Europe has little or none of our fiercely hot weather ; consequently adultera- ted foundation only occasionally results in a breakdown there — not frequently enough to break up the evil. Here failure is so frequent that a dealer furnishing adultera- ted foundation would soon kill off his busi- ness. A little warning is also given in re- gard to our best test of beeswax. Consider- able admixture may be in wax and yet it may crumble on prolonged chewing. If it chews like gum it is more than half some- thing else. So look a little out ; and take the specific gravity by means of alcohol and water so mixed that undoubted wax will just nicely sink. Most adulterants are lighter I believe. Friend E. A. Morgan says he is satisfied that the tremor of cars close by does no harm to an apiary winter or summer. Wish I could be sure of this, as my apiary is nearer the cars than I wish it were. InA. B. J., 18, R. C. Aikin, in his able article on removing queens during the har- vest honey flow, associates swarming with- outthe presence of a free queen with the first moveutenis of the young queens in their cells. Never thought of it before, but very likely that is correct. When a swarm comes out and goes back, and swarms again for keeps a day or two later, we have said the old queen was to heavy to fly well, or a young queen too young to fly yet. Probably there is a third case, namely, no queen at all as yet, but bees couldn't wait when young queens began to kick about in their cells. Richards, O. March, K!, 1896. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 91 ADVERTISEiVlENTS If the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former by raising his journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." BEE - KEEPERS' SURRLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK, 91 Murray St., N. Y. City. (SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue •♦•♦a»>»»»»»##»>»i HEADQUARTERS FOR Sweet Peas. Mixed Varieties Per pound .... 40c. Half pound . . .25c. Quarter pound . . 15c. THE ONLY DOUBLE SWEET PEA, BRIDE OF NIAGARA. (True to Name.) Price— Packet 25c. Half packet 15c. THE WONDERFUL CRIMSON RAMBLER ROSE, Only 15 Cents. VIGICS FLORAL GUIDE, 1896, The Pioneer Seed Catalogue. Tried and True Novelties.— Fuchsi.as, Roses, Blackberry, The Pearl Gooseberry,' Potatoes, Earliest Tomato Known, etc. Lithographs of Double Sweet Pea, Roses, Fuchsias, Blackberries, Raspberries, New Leader Tomato, Vegetables. Filled with good thnigs, old and new. Full list of Flowers, Veget.ables, Small Fruits, etc., with descrip- tion and prices. Mailed on receipt of lo cts., which may be deducted from first order— reaily Free,— or free with an order for any of the above. ROCHESTER, N. Y. JAMES VICK'S SONS i TWO YEARS i ^ FOR THE PRICE OF ONE. ^ To any one not now a subscriber to the Bee- Keepehs' Review, who sonds $1.00 for it for 1.S96, and says that ho wants them, I will send 12 back numbers, free. This is done to induce those who are strangers to the Review to be- come acquainted with its merits. To hold old subscribers is not difficult ; and, to get the Review into the hands of new men, that they, too, may, in time, become old subscribers, is worth an extra effort, Itence this offer. The back numbers of the Review, most of them, have a value peculiarly their own ; they are •'special topic" numbers. That is, each num- ber is really a little book in which may be found the views of the best bee-keepers upon some important apiarian subject. They are as valuable now as when published. Of some of these issues there are several hundred, of others not more than a dozen, and in filling these orders 1 must be allowed to make the selec- tion, but no two copies will be alike. For 25c. extra, the 50c. book, Adv,\nced Bee-( Iultuke, will be included. The Review for 1896, 12 back numbers, and the book, all for only fl.25. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. »»'»^'«^ii«>(ii.«^»^,»ii Italian Bees aiifl Uiieens. I Untested, $1.00, /s^ 6 for $5.03 ; tested 5 $>. 25; 6 for $6.00; ^ bees by the lb., ! $1.00; full colonies, $6.00; nuclei, 2 - frames £ with queen, $2.50 ; 1-frame, $2.00. ? Barred and White Plymouth Rock Eggs, J $1.00 for 15; Bronze Turkey Eggs, $2.00 per i sitting. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON, ' 3 66-tf Swarts, Green Co., Pa. i Please mention the Review. JOHN F. STRATTON'S Celebrated Band Instruments DRUMS, FIFES, Piccolos and Band Supplies. JOHN F. STRATTON 811,813,815,817 E. 9th SL.'n.Y. Please mention the Reuieuj. Send for Catalogue. 92 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE')/ R-i-p-a*n-s Tabules. Disease commonly comes on with slight symptoms, which when neglected increase in extent and gradually grow dangerous. " ThpSInoTeUo""""'- .°": ^^^ RIPANS TABULES "TSLTdSuS':""- '•'.''"! TAKE RIPANS TABULES If your COMPLEXION IS SALLOW, or you tIT^it HI PA N^ TA RI 1 1 P^ SUFFER DISTRESS AFTER EATING, TAKE IMTMIlO IHDULCO '°^°;'?rTHEToZcr '^^ °:'°": take ripans tabules Ripans Tabules act gently but promptly upon the liver, stomach and intestines ; cleanse the system effectually ; cure dyspepsia, habitual constipation, offensive breath and headache. One Tabule taken at the first indication of indigestion, biliousness, dizziness, distress after eating or depression of spirits, will surely and quickly remove the whole difficulty. Ripans Tabules are prepared from a prescription widely used by the best physicians, and are presented in the form most approved by modern science. If given a fair trial Ripans Tabules are an infallible cure ; they contain nothing injurious and are an economical remedy. One §:ives relief. A box will be sent, postage paid, on receipt of 50 cents by The Ripans Chemical Co., 10 Spruce Street, New York. (Sample vial, 10 cents.) } ONE ^ > GIVES i ^ RELIEF 4 Local Druggists everywhere will supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. r>W JW4.Jt,.^.A, j They are Easy to Take Quick \(* Aet and Save many a Doctor's Bill. i I'tili: BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 93 DADANT'S FOUNDATION Has no superior because it is made iu the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SON, HamiitOn, IIIS. ! 4-94-l2t Pleas* mention the Reuieie. POUDER'S HONEY JARS, lieautifal, Accurate and ('heap. The trade supplied. Bee Supplies; Root's Koods at Root's prices and the best ship- ping pouit in tlie country. Write for prices. WALTER S. POUDER, 1 9ri.l2t Indianapolis, Ind. Please mention the Review. lllnstraied AdverilsBinents Attract Attention. cuts FnrnlsM for all illustrallng Parposes. ition the Heuii UUUmUUMUUUUUMUUUU^WMUUUUUU m ^ a II .1 n.. II la i3 a ' B a TYPE WRITTEN. B 3 li CCCPiCriPiPlPlCPSCiBEBPniEPlliEBECiEiCE Names of Bee - Keepers, g The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (.in the largest States) . and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to my advertisers at 82.00 per thousand names. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modatefl. Any inquiry in regard to the number of names in a certain state, or states, will be an- swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. VV.Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. LARGE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 8 9.5-tf FREE. ('ontainiug instructions, and descriptions of a full line of Bee-Keepers' Supplies made by the A. I. Root Co. Send list of goods wanted and get prices. Beeswax made up, bought, or taken in exchange. M. H. HUNT, Bell Branch, Mich. Please mention the Review. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. The Southland Queen. Vou ought to know what you are missing, by not reading the Southland yueen, the oidy bee- journal published in the south, and the only oee keepers' school known is taught through its columns by that WORLD RENOWNED teacher Mrs. Jennie Atchley. How to raise queens, bees, and honey, and in fact how to make bee-keep- ing a success is taught in the school. One sin- gle copy is worth more to beginners than the subscription price for a year, $1.00. X steam bee-hive factory, and all bee-supplies. You all know where to make arrangements for your queens and bees for '96. If yon don't, send to us for a free catalog, that tells all about queen rearing, and a sample journal. THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO., 12-9r)-tf Heoville, Bee Co. Texas. Please mention the Reuht^* 94 THE BEE-KEEPERS' BEVIEW 3ottom Prices BI^IflG US BIG TRADE; Good Goods Keep It. If you want the best supplies that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same goods for elsewhere, write to us for low prices. 1896 Cataloerue now ready — ask for it and a free copy of The American Bee-Keeper ( 3G pages ). The T. W. FflliCOriEI^ JVI'pG CO., Jamestown, N. Y. A\y Golcleo Xt^Wz^x) Queers, Bred for business and beauty can be furnished at the following prices : before June Ist., un- tested queens, $1.00 each; tested, $1.50. After June lat , untested, 75 cts. ; tested, $1.U0. Se- lected, for breeding, $3.00; the very best. $5.00. Price list free. Remit by P. O. or Express men ey order, or by registered letter. W. H. WHITE, 2-96 tf Blossom, Lamar (^o. Tex. ntion the Reuifw. Early Queens, Either from ray original strain, or leather col- ored Italians. Untested Queens ready in March. Price : each, $1.00 ; six, $5.00 ; doz., $9.00. Large orders, special prices. Circular free. C. D. DUVALL, 2-96-tf Satuma Heights, Fla. ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES FOIt 1896. Before yon purchase, look to your interest, and send for catalogue and price list. J. P. H, BROWN, 1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia. Please mention the Reuleui. BARGAINS! "We have made a great heddctjon in Dovetailed ^ Hives and Sections Will give you 'a bargain in apiarmn supplies. State what you need and how much. The A. I. Root Co.'s make of goods ki^ptin stock. 36-page Catalog free. JNO. NEBEl^&SON 3-96-tf High Hill, Mo. Please the Reulew. 1 I Barnes' Foot and Hand Power Wood Working Machinery. This cut shows our new Circular Saw, the strong-est and best machine of its kind ever made. Catalog-ue and Price list free on application. W.F.& JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2-96-12 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVISIT. 95 SECTIONS, BEE HIVES AND SllUTING CASES. We make a Specialty of theso Goods ami tlefy Competition in ^p~" Write for free illustratod Catalogue and Price List. 7-95.tf G. B. LiEWlS CO., WatePtoxjun, Wisconsin. fflutii's :: ONEY EXTRACTOR PKHFECTION Id-Blast Smokers S<)u&re GIzvss Hopcy J^<■r^, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Cu \s. F. Muxn & Son Cor. Freeman & ('entral Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee- Keepers. 1-94-tf. PleaSK Mention the Reuiem. — If you wish the host, low-dprice — TYRE - WRITER. Write to the editor of tlie Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. 1^ £\ 1^1 /^ yi ^^ Bee - Keepers, save r\.r^lM^rA^ freight by buying supplies of Henry L. Miller, (successor to Miller & Dunham I Topeka, Kan. Write for catalogue, also free copy of his pa- per the RURAL. KANSAN- ahoxit Bees, Horticulture, Poultry, Live Stock, The Home, etc. Please mention the Review. Potatoes t"; Polaris, a fine early po. tato, Beauty of He- bron, Green Mountain, >•>•>•■•«•■•■«<••.•.•.■<< a very tine Jate potato, yi. •>!,") perbbl. of II pecks. Catalogue, describing 20 newest and best \ a ietses, free 2 ytj tf J. P. A\ICHAEL., Gr^^nvill?, Obio. Please mention the Reuieuu. A Q II O To my customers and friends : I 7\^f^ Please remember thaf W H. \^ \J \J 11 Laws is again headquarters for Italian queens. I breed nothing but large, well-developed queens, either Golden or Ijeather-colored. My Golden strain is from Doolittle's original ONE HD.SDRED doll.^r queen sent me after he had reared over 1,0(XJ queens from her. For business and beauty, my bees are unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00 ; six for $4..50. Tested, $1.25. Bree4 x 4'4 x 7-to-the-foot. FOUfJDATIOri. 4>s lbs. \V. J. Finch, thin for surplus at 55 cts. 7 lbs. Hunt, thin for surplus, at 55 cts. IOI4 lb?. VanDeusen, thin for turplus, at 55 cts. 24J4 lbs Dadant, thin for surplus, at 55 cts. m- Z. HQTGHinSOn, Flint, Michigan. A B. MASON, Auburndale, Ohio A. Gl!M>IILL, Stratford, Ont THE EDITOK, Flint, Midi H. P. liANQDON, East (Nonstable, X. Y. G. M. DOOLITTLE, Borodino, F. V. J. A. (iOI.DEN. Reinersville, Ohio. Men Who Make the Review. rrjHE success and usefulness of a period!. 1/ cal are largely dependent upon the men chosen by the editor as correspondents, hence it is worth while to notice who are the Review -correspondents and how they were secured. During the past sixteen years the editor of the Review has attended nearly every bee- keepers' convention of a national character : has visited scores and scores of beekeepers in their own homes ; and received and an- swered thousands upon thousands of letters : in short, he has enjoyed, and still enjoys, a personal acquaintance with most of the leading bee-keepers of the country. When he wishes for information upon some spe- cial topic he knows exactly where to find it. He knows who is posted on this point, who on that — who rides this hobby, who that — and this wide acquaintance has enabled him to choose, as his principal correspondents, successful, practical men. most of whom have numbered their colonies by the hun- dred and sent honey to market by the ton, and who can write, from exf erience, articles containing information of real benefit to honey producers. L. A. ASPINWALL, Jackson, Mich. IP '^ '-^•*^ ^iM| IJaLv ■* I ^ kitt I.I Ni . II \>I, Farwell, Mich. U. M'KNKIHT, Owi.'U ShuikI, Ont .1. E. C'UANK, Widdlehurj, Vt. M. >I. BALDRIlXiE, St. Chill l(>B, ills. KO, K. HILTO.V, Kiciiiout, Mich. Character of the Review. llecietriiuj Current apicultural literature is, as indicated by its name, one of the distinctive features of the Review. Errors and fallacious ideas are faithfully, but courteously and kindly pointed out, while nothing- of value is allowed to pass unnoticed. But few articles are copied entire, but the ideas are extracted, g-iven in the fewest words possible, and coiiniiciitcd ujjon when tliouyht advisable. It is Practice I In its character. It does not waste columns in the discussion of fine- spun theories, and those numei-ous phases of bee-keepinj;- that may be interesting", but have no practical bearing- upon the bread and butter side of the business. It aims to publish only such matter as will aid in making- bee-keeping- a more safe, pleasant and profitable ])ursuit. No S i ft e - Is,s i i es Are tolerated in the Review. It may not publish so much matter as some of the other Bee-Journals, but in the amount of practical, valu- able, helijful bee-keeping- information furnished, it is behind none of its competitors. It is not so much a question of how larg-e is the journal, or how often does it come, hut what information does it bring when it does come? Its Cori'espoti dents Are successful, practical bee-keepers, most of whom have numbered their colonies bj- the hundreds and sent honey to market by the ton, and who can write from experience articles containing- information of some real benefit to honey producers. Ttie Ed i to I' Has for twenty years been a practical bee-keeper, and is thus in a position to choose wisely in selecting- matter for his journal, and is also able to write from the standpoint of actual experience upon all subjects pertaining to practical bee-keeping- — to criticise, if necessary, the views of correspondents. No SuirpUj Trade Is run in connection with the Review, and for this reason the price must be such that there is a profit in its publication, but it leaves its editor free frcm even an unconscious bias, and his views in reg-ard to hives, implements, methods and devices are wholly disinterested. Neat TijpofjrapJnj Is one of the features of which the Review may he proud. Good ])aper, type, ink and rollers, and a g-ood pressman are employed, and eng-raving-s used when words cannot so clearly describe. This neat- ness may not add to the value of the information g-iven, but it does add to the comfort and en joj'uient of those who read it. In Coneliisfoti, The Review g-ives reports of the work done at the Michig-an Ex- perimental Apiar)-— g-ives them as soon as possible after the work is done, while they are of a fresh and newsj- ch;vracter. It g-ives Hasty's monthly three-pag-e review of the other American Bee Journals, and F. L. Thompson's review of the Foreign Bee Journals, as well as the extracts and short editorial comments, and when there is occasion for it, some topic is made the subject of sjiecial discussion, in which the views of leading- bee-keejjers are gathered together in one issue, thus allowing a close comparison of views. Of course, samples of the Review reach different classes of people, and I have tried to arrange some plan whereby all classes may be served. One man, upon reading- a copy, is satisfied that it is exactly the journal that he wants, he has the money to pay for it, and when he fills out the following blank and for- wards it with $1.00, I have only to express my thanks and send on the Review: 189 W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.: Dear Sir :— For the $1.00 enclosed please send me the Revietc one year. Name P.O State Another man may be pleased with the Review, yet not have the $1.00 to spare just at present, but will have it at some future time. It will be regarded as a favor if he will fill out and forward the following blank: 189 W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich.: Dear Sir: — You may send me the Review one year, and I will send you the pay ($1.00) about (here put in the date when you think you can send it.) Name P. O State Still another may not be fully decided whether or not he wishes to become a regular subscriber; perhaps he would like the Review on trial for a few months. If so, he can, if he wishes, fill out the following blank and forward it: 189 W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. : Dear Sir: — You may send me the Review six months, and at the end of that time I will either send, you $1.00 for a years subscription, or else send .50 cents and order it discontinued. Name P. O State There is still another plan by which one may become acquainted with the Review at small expense. Of some of the issues of the Review I have from 200 to 300 copies, of others there may be 100 copies, while of others there are not more than a dozen copies left. If allowed to select them I will sell some of these back numbers at the low price of two cents each. The majority of them are "special topic" numbers, that is each one is devoted to the discus- sion of some special topic — is really a little pamphlet on some special subject. I can furnish as many as fifty copies at this price and no two alike. If you wish to take advantage of this off^er, fill out and forward the following- blank, accompanjang it by the necessary remittance: 189 W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint. Mich.: Dear Sir: — For the enclosed cents, please send me back numbers of the Revieiv. Name P. O State . THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW. 99 Tai^Ueeu Motes Tested ornnteetod, either three or flve-banded qneens, at $1.00 each. A record is made of ev- ery untested queen sold at tliis i>rico. and an- other seut as siion as their hecs hatch, if they fail to stand the test, thus giving the purcliaser a cliance at a Fine JSreedep Without tlip risk of having to pay for one that shows in her progeny tliat she is not puroJy ma- ted. I have bred my bees up to a liigh stand- ard ; Italianized my neighbors' bees for my own protection, and seldom have a queen mismate. 1 am well equiped for the bu'^im ss ; .ear all the queens 1 sell ; do not intentionally send out any except the best, and never sell '"culls" as un- tested queens. The demand from dealers last season was greater than the supply. 1 give par- ties buying a fesv for their owu u.e, the prefer ence in filling orders. Have never seeeu a dis- eased colony, or heard of one in this section If you want to do a square business, and be pleas- ed, try a Tar Heel C^ueen. 3 96 tf W. H. Pt^IDGEfJ, Cneek^ \i. C. Please mention the Reuiew Tested Queens $1.00. .^fter April Ist I can furnish tested queens, reared last year from the best five-banded stock, at 81 00. Qaeens from imported stock at the same price. Will have untested queens the first of May. W. A. COMPTON, LynnviUe, Tenn. Please mention the Reuiew. RI-P-A-N-S The modern stand- ard Family Medi- cine : Cures the common every-day ills of humanity. -TV PLANTS. I have a nice lot of IJAflYITT Schaffer's Colossal and Palm- 11 ill I V ^^^ Black Cap plants of my -f V/X A f own errowing that I should be V glad to sell at Sl.O i per 100, I will warrant them true to name, and pack them carefully for shipment. ELMFR HUTCHIFSON, Vassar, Mich. fTj(»*fc»1t»v»»^»»*»^»«^*R««rf«,*^»'»»»«*^«^,rX«-«>ur»*^^»;.»r Wntl'tnA r■••;.•^;:•:■^"•/■•^;••:V•■^^^^ |; No 1. white, 12 to 13; fancy dark 8 to 9; No. 1. dark, 6 to 7 ; beeswax,^25^to^|.^^ ^ ^^^ ^ Apr. 11. 167 ifc 169 Scott St.. Buffalo. N. Y. BEESWn EXTRiGTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam . Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. G. FERRIS, 4.9g.tf South Columbia, N. v. Ploase mention the Reuiew. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.-Strictly fancy white ho- ey is being sold as low as 13 cents ; choice white, II; fancy dark, 10: choice dark, 8^2; strained hoTiey, California, 5; strained honey, Eastern, C ; beeswax SO^cents^^^^ ^ ^^^ 116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Mar. 30. NEW YORK, N. Y.— White comb honey is in fair demand. Very little call, for buckwheat. Extracted of all kinds is very quiet. We quote as follows. Fancy white, 14; N"- ^ ^*»it®j„V • Fancy Amber, 11 ; No. 1 Amber, 10: Fancy dark, 9 • No. 1 dark, 8 ; White extracted, 5^ to 6 ; Am- ber, 5 to 514 ; Dark, Southern, 50 to 55 per gal. Beeswax^SO^^^^^^ BROS. & SEGELKEN, Apr. 13. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. \ fEEDS and PLANTg I i At reduced prices for 1896. Best ! ■ new and old. Special offers on some articles j i that you may want. Many seeds reduced to 5 5 3 c. a packet. t^Sen.i 10 c. and we will | i send yon our catalog and a packet each ot . I Prize-taker Ouion, New Imperial Tomato, ^ 5 hpifit kinds of lettuce and a pkt. of choice 3 I mTxed flowers' CHRISTUN WECKESSER, 5 i 3 96.2t Niagara Falls, N. \. S COMB I FOUNDATION, | Made by automatic machinery, and at greatly reduced prices, in fact. The Cheapest of All! FALCON POLISHED SECTIONS.] Finest made. Also a fall line of Higginsville ; Supplies. First class goods Cat alog and sam- , pies free. I pay 30 cts. cash, or 32 cts trade, for wax 7 R. R.'s and 4 Express Co.'s here. 4-96.tf > W. J. FINGH, Jr., Springfield, Illinois. Please mention the Reuieui. And all other Root-goods at Root s pri- ces. Buy near home and save treight. 500 3-frame, nucleus, breeding hives, of golden Italian bees. For prices and particulars address W.. .! SELSEMO .Vino St.. PMUdolphU, Pa. Root's ii« Half Price, ■@) an 7 rS) 1 jl isa >^^>P'r^'U^r;^4j-^^<^ Is a book of nearly lOO pag^cs that bcg-ins with The '(^ Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they § oug"ht to be cared for in the sprints in order to secure the i§) workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their 1^ Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections. Supers and Sepa- r^ rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arrangfing- '(^ Hives and Building's and Shading- the Bees are described, g Varieties of Bees, Introducing Queens and Planting for ©) Honey are next i^-iven a chapter each. Then the Hiving- of H (9) Bees, Increase, Its Management and Control, and Contrac- ^ . H tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which -^ Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising- g of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding Back" are taken '©) up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the H Market, and Marketing- are discussed. Then Mig-ratory p^ Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at ipe Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the [^ question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases. '(g) The Influence of P^ood, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, [^ Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also i§) chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee -Keeping, Com- !^ forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee- f^ Keeping-, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all. '(^ Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the 1^1 book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. i^ W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mieh. 104 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIJLW. ^^ DAD ANT'S FOtlNDATION offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. r.veij ,- ,• „ anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. TAT^r^ trom the AMATEUR BEEKEEP- ER a 70. page book for begianors ; price 25o. by mail 28c. The Amateur Bee Keeper aud the Frogrvssive Bee-Keeper ( a monthly journal ) one year, postpaid, 65 ; address, LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK, 2 3 Wash. St., N. Y. City. (SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue No. 1 41^x4^ Snow- white Sections at $2 00 Per THOUSAMD! r For ehe purpnse of introducing our one-piece sections to bee keepers generally; we have de- cided to make the priee $2.00 per 1,000 for the month of .\pril. Now is the time to get your sections cheap. We haae a choice lot of section lumber gotten out of young timber, and wc can furnish you the finest sections to be had. Write for sample section free. MARSHFIELD Mfg. CO., Marshfield, "Wis. 12-95 -tf rntiitiun thv Reu 1(6 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVijjjvv. ^^^ AA Ai 1^ 1^ rfh A ^ A A AVk A A A^ A A A A A.^ R-i'p-a-n-s Tabules. Disease commonly comes on with slight symptoms, which when neglected increase in extent and gradually grow dangerous. If you SUFFER FROM HEADACHE. DYS- j^e R | PAN S TABU LES PERSIA or INDIGESTION, ... — If you are BILIOUS. CONSTIPATED, or have j^g R| PANS TABU LES A DISORDERED LIVER, ... — If your COMPLEXION IS SALLOW, or you -rTlfp Rl PANS TABU LES SUFFER DISTRESS AFTER EATING, — For OFFENSIVE BREATH and ALL DISOR- j^g Rl PAN S TABU LES h DERS OF THE STOMACH, ... — ^ Ripans Tabules act gently but promptly upon the liver, stomach k and intestines; cleanse the system effectually; cure dyspepsia, habitual constipation, offensive breath and headache. One Tabule taken at the first indication of indigestion, biliousness, dizziness, distress after eating or depression of spirits, will surely and quickly remove the whole difficulty. Ripans Tabules are prepared from a prescription widely used by the best physicians, and are presented in the form most approved by modern science. If given a fair trial Ripans Tabules are an infallible cure; they contain nothing injurious and are an economical remedy- One gives relief. A box will be sent, postage paid, on receipt of 50 cents by The Ripans Chemical Co., 10 Spruce Street, New York. (Sample vial, 10 cents.) t ONE J ► GIVES 4 {> RELIEF 4 Local Druggists everywhere will supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. They are Easy to Take. Qtiiek to Act and Save many a Doetor's Bill. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 107 TAt^JlEEb WOTES Teste*! urantesteii, iMtln-r tliret- »>r five-l)anileck bottom prices and good gcnids are bringing a flood of orders. Ask for catalogue. i;7S£WAKBES, Ses Uoiaes, lovj. Please mention the Reuiem, JOS. 108 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEi'*. m / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / % / / / / 4* .^ \ \ \ \ \ \ ^^r-c^^i^. X .J5v .vX .X ..,:\ ...x „N^sr^' '-■ IT DEL^IGHTS AI:.!:.. New-Process Weed Foupdeitioo. Beziutiful, Transparent, Tough AocI yet Pliable I s "% I Recent comparative tests in Florida show that the old-process, dipped wax will sag or stretch in the hive nearly five times as much as that by the new Weed process. Reduced I Price?. $ Our riew Sanded and /^ Poli^h^d 5^ction5» 2^nd .^s^i^^^:;^s»s^s^':^^^ Bee- Keepers' Supplier Are the finest product that money and macliinery can turn ont. THE A. L ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. 5 6 Fiftb Ave, Cbic&jo, lilj. 1024 A\iss. St., St. P&ul, /A«nn. P ■A / / li li '/ '% A Why it is best of all, and all about how to make and use it, in a 22 page pamphlet, free on application. Jil&. H£»»OK, DoWAGIAO, MiOH. The leading paper, and only weekly; 16 large Be sure to see it beti)re subscribing for any G. W. York & Co., 56 Fif ih Ave., Chicago. pages, other. , 111. G. M. IjONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 BEE SUPPLIES- Best and most perfectly equipped factory in the West. Capacity, one car load a day. Best goods : low- est prices ; largest stock : greatest variety ; and prompt shipment. Send for free catalogue of 80 illustrated pages. 2-9r.-3t E. I^t^ETCHfl^E*?. *^^d Oak, loma. ee- eepeps' J\e\^ie[jo A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $1.00 A YEAR. ¥. z. HnTCHfflSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL, IX, FLINT, MICHIGAN, APRIL 10, 1896. NO. 4. Work at ]VCicliigaii's Experimental ^piarv. B. L. TAYLOR, APIAEIST. HEAT AND HONEY AGAIN. TN my first ex- X periment made to determine the temperature at which honey is liable to receive injury in reduc- ing it from a candied to a liq- uid stale, the sample used, from lack of any other, was in the comb. It having been made a question whether the wax contained in the comb did not have some agency in hastening the change in the quality of the honey, I deter- mined to secure other samples and repeat the experiment. In pursuance of this determination I suc- ceeded in securing two samples of extracted honey in a candied condition, one having alfalfa as its source and the other the great willow herb. It is necessary to point out for the benefit of those who are not ac- quainted with these honeys that they are both of a very light color, that from the willow herb being almost as light in color as clear water, and that from alfalfa, I judge from the few samples I have heretofore had the privilege of examining, varying but slightly from that. As a third sample to be used in this experiment I took honey candied in the comb of partially filled sections as in my first experiment, and from the same lot but by selection composed more largely of basswood honey, so that there was little if any admixture of any from any other source. There might have been a small proportion from clover. During the entire process of heating, the wax from the comb containing the honey in this sample was allowed to remain with the honey in the treating vessel. The details of the process in this experi- ment varied somewhat from those of the other one. The vessels containing the hon- ey were much smaller and of tin instead of earthern-ware, as in the former case, and they were set in the water, for heating, upon brick instead of small pieces of coal. As before, the process was carefully watch- ed and the temperature was raised very gradually, two and a half hours being con- sumed in raising the temperature of the honeys to 14.')% and upward of three hours more before 194 was reached. The portions of honey taken out from time to time for the purpose of comparison to determine the effect of different degrees of heat were re- moved at about equal intervals of time. All the samples were heated at the same time in the samet bath and under like conditions 110 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE]/p , in other respects so far as I could discover. I considered it important that the heating should be gradual, for the reason that the process of meltiug candied honey must be rather slow as it is a poor conductor of heat. If the heating were rapid, that at the sides of the containing vessel would be melted and might be badly injured before that at the center was even warmed. This would be more especially so if the vessel were of considerable size. If through rapid heating the temperature at the sides of such a vessel goes above the highest point of safe- ty and it is maintained at that point until the honey is all reduced, much damage will certainly be done, although the tempera- ture at the centre of the mass of honey may have, for only a short time, approxima- ted the danger point. Without question, the length of time during which a high tem- perature is maintained is an important ele- ment in the forces that work damage, though this perhaps is not a practical point. However, in a subsidiary test, I learned this fact by running the temperature of a small quantity of honey up (jiiickly to 200\ and allowing it to remain at that point but for a brief space of time. The injury done to the honey was found to be trifling. But I think this to be of no great practical im- portance on account of the fact that heat permeates candied honey so slowly, render- ing it undesirable to attain a point of tem- perature which cannot be safely maintained until the honey is completely liquetied. For the purpose of comparisan for deter- mining the effect of heat at different tem- peratures, portions were taken from each sample when the mercury inserted in them reached the following points, namely, 145% 1()8'^, 180% and l!t4\ except that none was taken from the alfalfa honey at 14.5 for the reason that it appeared to be still unmelted. The results of the experiments were to some extent a surprise, and appeared to indicate, first, that the material composing the vessel containing the honey while it is undergoing the heating process may have something to do in aiding the heat to do its injurious work. I think this must be so, because the injury done to the sample used in my first experiment is so much greater both to the color and flavor than tfiat done to the comb sample used in the present one that it could only otherwise be accounted for by supposing that they were from different sources, while the fact is that tliey were very nearly the same, the only difference being that that used in the former case may have had a somewhat larger proportion of clover honey. The more decided scorched taste of that brought to a high temperature in the earthern-ware vessel, as compared with that heated to the same degree in a vessel of tin, leads me to suppose that the heat may be conveyed with greater intensity and directness through ea:thern-ware than through tin. Second, that samples of honey from dif- ferent sources, /. e. , from different classes of plants, vary considerably in their liability to injury from overheating. This is owing, I surmise, to a difference in the amount or quality of the acids they contain. Third, that the melting of virgin comb with honey does not effect the color or flavor of the honey at any temperature otherwise safe. I have said the results appeared to indicate these things, advisedly, for the elements of the case are too complicated to warrant one in speaking with entire contidence without farther experimentation, but the evidence of these things, so far as it goes, is in the results themselves which I now give. I am inclined to regard the sample of alfalfa honey with suspicion, fearing that it is not a fair specimen. Whether or not it had been affected injuriously by ferment, or otherwise, it acted differently from the other samples on exposure to heat. The willow herb and the basswood honeys readi- ly liquefied and became limpid at 14.5% but alfalfa honey at that temperature seem- ed only semi - liquid and as far from being transparent as it was before it was heated at all. I did not examine it crit- ically at this temperature but thought it had not been dissolved, in which judge- ment I may have been hasty. However, I removed no samples, but those taken at 1(!8'' and at 180° were dissolved, but entirely lack- ing in limpidity. At l'.>4 it was fairly clear, but very much injured in color, that having become an amber inclined to brown. The flavor, however, so far as I could discover, was very slightly affected. At 145° the hon- ey from the great willow herb was almost water white, having only a slight golden tinge, while the basswood sample heated with the wax was light, but, in comparison with the willow herb sample, was of a much more golden color. In both these samples the change in color from 145 to '[Gi*-" and IHE BEE-KEEPEliS' RFAIEW. Ill from Mif^" to 180° was equal, but it was very slight, requiring a careful exainiuatiou in the light of a wiudow to detect it, while from 180 to 11)4 the chauge in the bass- wood honey was but little greater Jthau that from 1(!8 to ISO, but the change in the color of that from willow herb was very decided, so that it had become a golden amber and to all appearance identical with that of the basswood treated to the same temperature. Yet the color of these was still many shades lighter than that of the alfalfa honey when exposed for the same time to a like degree of heat. The change in the flavor of the honeys from the willow herb and from basswood after having been subjected to 180 of heat was so slight that it would be almost rash to affirm that I could detect it. but at i;i4 the change was quite evident and about equal. Comparing the two samples heated in their own comb, the one in the first experi- ment and the other in thi^, it apj)ears that the one heated in the tin vessel is much less changed both iu color and flavor than is the one heatfdin earthen ware. Of the three samples used in this present experiment the one with its own wax is the least injured in color, that from willow herb next, and that from alfalfa most of all. In respect to flavor that from alfalfa is injured least and the other two about equally. If the heating is done gradually, as it should be, injury begins before the temper- ature reaches 170^ Probably all fair samples liquefy readily atH") . The difference between the melting point and the danger point is so wide that there is no necessity for running any risk. Lapeeb, Mich. Mar. 3, IS'.XI. ^;r^>P=fy^^^« Italians Working on Red Clover. C. M. HICKS. ra'EEING the discussion in the Review is regarding Italians working on red clover leads me to say that, for the last thirteen years, I have given considerable study to the matter of getting a strain of Italians that would work on the second crop of red clover, as that blossoms in this locality in August, at a time when we have bushels of bees with nothing for them to do. My first Italians were from a man here in Maryland who claimed he had such nice, big bees that worked on red clover. I kept breeding them for some years; then 1 got a (fueen from York State. After that I bought queens from most anyone who claimed that his bees worked on red clover. Same were good, and I bred from them, either in queens or drones. ( )thers were not good and were soon discarded. So my bees are the result of many crosses. As to the amount of red clover honey I have secured I never kept an account. It would be impossible on the first crop, as when that is in bloom, white clover, blue thistle and lots of others are in full bloom, but to give you an idea of what they have done, I will mention the details of last sea- son. It opened up grand ; there was a flood of honey until the last of June, when we had aterrit)le hail storm. After that it was cold, and although blue thistle, basswood, white clover, etc. were in full bloom no honey was gathered as it was so cold and windy that the bees flew very little for days. The sum- mer season closed, and I had several thou- sand of partly filled sections on my hives. In August the bees commenced on red clo- ver, and, coming in so loaded as to fall down in front of the hives. My sections were all completed, and others besides. Three and four nuclei were given sets of combs which were filled with honey, and the bees have wintered through with plenty of honey, as I was lookiTJg at them yesterday. My two yards contain 10.^> hives without the loss of one this winter, and yesterday they were getting natural pollen. As to the (piality of red clover ho"ey, it is nice and white, and it sells right along the same as other light honey. HiuKSViLLE, Md. April 1,181)6. Cautions Needed in Preserving Combs — A Defense of the Solar wax Extractor. O. (). POPPLETON. T T is seldom that I disagree widely with I anything from the pen of Mr. R. L. Tay- lor but I certainly do with some things in his article in March No. of the Review. Will you kindly letme do a little criticizing ? Under his 2nd head, describing how to put combs in empty hives to preserve them from moths, he omits one very important 112 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVir /u . point to insure succees. His directions carry the idea that combs are free from moth eggs until they are hiid in them in the ppring, and that they are free from eggs dei-osited in them the previous season, awaiting only suitable temperature to hatch. This idea is incorrect. Only such combs as have bein subjected to the action of some freezing can be preserved by the method he describes. Under theSrd head he says : "Another way that is entirely ttfective against the moth is to hang the combs up to tiie light and air with the space of at least one inch between each comb and neighbors. " This is al. o incorrect. While both of these methods are excellent, among the best there are, yet, whoever follows them, thinking they are " entirely effective, " will be apt to lose some combs. In speaking of rendering wax he says ; " At best, the solar extractor is cumbersome, can be used only about two nioi:lhs in the year and is of no practical utility in render- ing combs containing cocoons. " I clud- lenge all three of those statt ments. A prop- erly made solar extractor is easier to han- dle and less cumbersome than is a large boiler to be lifted on and off tiie stove, tilled with water, etc. It can be used at least three, if not four, months in the year, in- stead of only two, and I have always met with excellent success in rendering the old- est and toughest of combs. Perhaps Mr. Taylor's experience with solar extracior has been limited. I cannot concieve any other reason why he should think as he does. One spring in lowo I rendered out over 500 old combs in better shape and more satisfactorily than if I had used the method he describes. These combs had been sub- jected to some freezing, and could be kept as long as I wished before rendering. 1 couldn't have done this, of course, had the combs come from colonies that liad died from spring dwindling. The principal ob- jection to the solar wax extractor, is, tliat if one needs to work up a large amount of comb in a short time, they cannot do the work. I have used solar extractors for about '10 years, for apiaries vaiying fiom 25 to f.CO colonies, and I have yet to be in a situation that it was best to use the old fussy methods of rendering wax over a stove or any kind of a tire. I had supposed that such methods were entirely out of date, and relegated to the past, except in rare cases of emergen- cies. ( )f course it requires some knowledge and experience to enable one to handle solar ex- tractors, or any other kind of extractor or method, to the l)est advantage. Stuakt Fla. Mar. :?0, 1896. The Ontario Bee-keepers' Association— Some of the Causes for Dissension in Its Ranks. ALLEN PRINGLE. T HAVE been re- 1 quested to write some ac- count of the recent annual convention .)ftlie Ontario Bee- l^eepers' Associa- tion which was held in Brant ford, Out., on January 15111 , IGlh , and 17th. Tlie attend- ance was fair, though not up to the average at the annual meetings. The convention put in some half dozen sessions besides the public entertainment in the evening of the second day, which, however, was rather poorly attended compared with the public attendance at Stratford the previous year, though the weather was very bad the night of the Stratford meeting while it was ex- ceptionally good at Brantford. i Hon. A. S. Hardy of the Ont. Government was present at one session and addressed tlie convention, and the Mayor elect of Brantford presided at the evening entertain- ment. Hitherto the society has had thirteen Directors, each Director representing a District embracing several counties. Since the previous annual meeti> g a change had been made in the Agricultural Act by the Provincial L3gislature reducing the legal number of Directors to nine ; and in com- pliance with this regulation it was decided t)y the meeting that the President, first and second Vice Presidents and the Secretary, each rei)resent on the Board tiie District from which lie comes, and that each of the nine Directors represent one of the remain- ing nine districts, so that all of the old Districts or Divisions iiavo representation I THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 113 as heretofore. Certaiu by-laws were also adjusted to the new Act, and it was decided tp hold the auuual meetin<,'s in Dec. instead of Jan. There was, perhap?, less real "bee-talk, " or apiarian exposition and discussion prop- er, at tliis convention than for some years past, if not since the society was organized. Things in this regard have been growing worse for some three or four years back. Much lime has been occupied in dicussnm of matters whicli, though relevant to the Association and its work, are not strictly apicultural, and not of that useful and practical character desired by the members iu general. This, of course, is to be de()re- cated, and gives rise to much dissatisfaction on the part of divers members — the younger bee-keepers — who come there to learn a great deal, and fully expect their thirst for apiarian knowledge to be gratified, and when it is not gratified to the full they are dissatisfied and disa[)poiuted. It is just possible that members are a little unreason- able ia this regard. They ought to remem- ber that (he Ontario Society, being the central organiz\tion has other functions thau merely teaching and expounding ele- mentary or even expert bee-culture. That is the functiou and province more particu- larly of the local societies, the journals and the text books. Aad as the Central Sicietv only meets once a year, and is au iucorporated and oflicial body it has neces- sarily a good deal of routine and official work to get through at its annual meeting, and has to consider various questions cogna'e to, though not directly couueoted with, bee keeping. For some years past considerable time has been taken up at the annual meetings with matters in connection with apiarian legislation. 8lill there has been time wasted and worse than wasted at the meetings. There have been personal differences and un- pleasantness. So far as I am able to see, these have been traceable to t^o or three causes. The flrsti*, the "Pure fioney Bill" — a movement begun three or four years ago to secure certain legislation from the Dominion Goverment ; second, intoler- ance on the part of certain promoters of the bill who could not bear honest opposition; third, the nnfair course taken in the matter by the C. B. .J. : and fourth the inordinate ambition for office and place of the editor of that journal. These appear to be the causes of the whole trouble. Mr. K. Mc- Kuight of Owen Sound has taken a decided stand against the " Pure Honey Bill " from the beginning, on the grounds that, in the first place, it was unnecessary, as the pres- ent " Adulteration of Food .\ct " was suffici- ent ; in the second place it was a misuse and waste of the ({jverment grant to expend it in prosecuting the bill, and third that the bill as presented, should it become law, would legalize the s ile of what has been called " bug jaice, " to wit, " honey dew. " Let it be remembered that Mr. McKniglit never carried his opposition to the bill out- side the meetings, but confined his opposi- tion to the expression of his views on the subject in open meeting. As Mr. McKnight was one of the organizers of the society and has been a promiueut and useful worker and official iu the society from its very in- ception, he surely had the right to take the stand he did without incurring abuse, misrepresentation and persecution from any other member or members, much less from one who had done comparatively little or nothing in the interests of the society. Such, however, was the case. These gentlemen could not apparently stand honest opposition. Mr. Holterman in the Goold, Sha[)ley «fc Mair Go's. Journal, and Mr. Pettit in his reports as Chairman of the Committee appointed to prosecute the bill, attacked Mr. McKnight in the manner above intimated, not only misrepresenting him but putting him down before the world as the " enemy " of bee-keeping. Is it, then, to be wondered at that Mr. McKuight has availed himself of his right and his only opportunity to defend and vindicate him- self at the annual meetings agaiust un- provoked attack and untruthful aspersions ? If there has been unpleasantness — if there has been time wasted iu recrimination and personal wrangles — who is to blame ? Who is primarily responsible for all ? No reason- able or honorable man could take exception to Mr. McK'iight's course in reference to that " Pare Honey Bill, " much less make it the pretext for persecution. The onslauglit through the Journal and the reports ( for publication ) were not enough, but the man who dared to express his honest and disin- terested O[)po3ition to the Pure Honey Bill, must also be turned off the Board where he has held a faithful position from the beginning, and which was more honored by his seat than he was honored by occupying 114 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW^ it. He was accordingly a year ago voted off through means which 1 do not for a moment hesitate to stigmatize as contempt- ible. Another useful and worthy member of the Board received somewhat similar, though less flagrant, treatment at the last meeting in Brantford, and from the same parly. I refer to Mr. J. K. Darling of Almonte. Mr. Darling occupied the position of Vice-Pres- ident of the society last year, and ought, by all fairness, honor and precedent, to have succeeded to the Presidency, as he is an old and useful member and has never, I believe, occupied the presidential chair. His place, however, was usurped by a more ambitious hut less competent man, and Mr. Darling was set aside. This last act, accomplished by the same old contemptible mameuver- iug, so disgusted a large section of the re- spectable members of that society that a revolt in the near future is inevitable un- less there is a change for the better. As. however, the members generally are begin- ning to get their eyes open to the " true in- wardness " of these things it is to be hoi)ed the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association will speedily set itself squarely down on such disgraceful proceedings. Should it fail to do so there will be at least one member less in the society ere long. There were but three papers presented to the meeting— one from C. W. Post on " over stocking; " one from R.L. Taylor of Lipeer, Mich., relating some experiments, and one by myself reviewing the papers of the pre- vious annual meeting. I shall not attempt to give any summary of these papers espe- cially as I was not able to prope i .\ 1 i m the first two mentioned. The evening entertainment passed off pleasantly though very thinly attended. Ili cousi ted of music, singing, and addresses by the Mavor of Brantford, R. McKiiight of Owen Sound, and R. F. Holtermau of Branford. The officers elect for the current year are as follows — President, R. F. Holterman. 1st Vice President, J. K. Darling. 2nd Vice President, W. J. Brown. Secretary, W. Couse. Treasurer. M. Emigh. Auditors, -T. D. Evans and D. M. Heise. Foul Brood Inspector, W. McEvoy, Deputy, F. A. Gemmill. Directors, W. B. Holmes ; Allen Pringle : J. W. Sparling ; A. Pickett ; J. Armstrong : A. E. Sherrington ;F. A. Gemmill; W. A. Chrysler andN. H. Hughes. Delegates to Fair Boards, R. H. Smith to Toronto Industrial, and John Newton to Western at London. Selley, Oat. Mar. 4, 1896. ^^J-;>^r^| Glucose in California — Mr. Dayton Explains his Position — Changing the Heading of an Article. C. W. DAYTON. T NOTICE the re- 1 marks of Mr- Hasty relative to that adulteration matter. He terms it flying reports. The fact is that I have spent several months each year looking up this glucose matter. Whole days and weeks at nothing else. Why should I not discover something 'i Gleanings asked for" honest expressions" from Californians. Now I ask where is there one individual who has devoted one week to the matter ? Some are disposed to call2}.2 cts. a low figure for glucose. It is my opinion honestly ex- pressed that glucose can be manufactured at }4 cent a pound or less and shii>ped here for ^ cent. To associate glucose and the price of corn is the worst old chestnut with which bee keepers can be fed. One editor wished me to get sworn affidavits attached tjthe quotations furnished by those who ofter glucose on sale. I inaugurated a piece of strategy in order to get their names. I obtained their written quotations but when I pressed then for a signature they sarcasti- cally smiled and asked me what I took them for ? I reassured them is was all right. " Very well, " said they, " we do not put our name to glucose quotations for our best known customers. " No sir, it is not necessary to send ship- loads in order to insure the named rate. Nor is it to use the glucose in adulterating alone. Yet I believe a shipload is consumed in Los Angeles in a comparatively short space i^Ht: BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 115 of lime because it is used in so many differ- ent ways aud by difl'ereut manufacturers. This commercial glucoso of the present age is not glucose at all but just an imitation. Even glucose itself is imposed upon by adul- teration. Out of hundreds I have question- ed since this matter came up not one had ever knowingly seen or tasted glucose. Still, I can go into the candy, confectionery, cracker, breweries aud preserving establish- ments and find barrels, barrels and barrels just opened up and the contents being re- moved and used in the different manufac- tured articles. I saw fourOOO pound barrels open and being scooped from in one candy establishment at one time. I have mixed half honey and half glucose so that the glu- cose taste was plainer than broad day light and still I have had persons professing to know sage honey to choose the mixture as pure honey in preference to pure sage. Yet I do kuow the mixture would not "wear" like the pure honey. There was not so much in changing my punctuations, but the heading of my article was entirely changed by the editor, which entirely chang(3d the aspect of my article. I wished to join all the bee-keepers in the land to run down and stamp out forever the gigantic glucose fraud but the heading under which it appeared made it look as if I were out of sorts at every body, bee- keepers included. Instead of us all joining for brotherly preservation, all the writers made it a point to dive into me and destroy me, omitting to take ui) and carry out the truthfulness of any of the weighty subjects my article contained. My article was dis- positioned to point out the foes to our indus- try. I did not dream of bee-keepers fight- ing against one another as has been done. In the self same paragraph with my " state- ment" there is language which very clear- ly shows that my estimate did not apply to the honey of lt<9.5. Yet that is the year it has been saddled upon ; but, besides a very strong grit, it requires all the strength and agility of the operator to keep the truth down. My original article shows for itself, and very plainly too, with its own heading '• Will bee-keeptrs never organize ! " Now to close I would say that what I have learned about glucose has cost me a large amount of time and over $100 in cash, and I am not disposed to give it gratis to be trifled with or misconstrued. It will keep. If I kuow of barrels of glucose just behind a partition it is not a matter of life and death that I tell it to my brother bee-keep- ers. I will never quarrel with a man because he is bound to believe he is not eating glu- cose when 1 know he is, because if he did know about it he might choose to keep on eating just the same. Florence, Calif. Mar. H, 1896. [ Only an editor knows of the dilKculty of always putting exactly the proper heading or title over an article. It is self-evident that the title to an article should show in the fewest words possible the subject of the article. It should be a true index to its char- acter. This seems the simplest of simple matters, and so it is, but to put it into prac- tice often requires a lot of thinking. As a rule, correspondents do not put any head on their articles. Even if they do, they are often changed. I do not think that an editor does this because he thinks that he is any smarter than his correspondents, but practice makes perfect, even in such a mat- ter as writing headings for articles. To be sure, editor„ sometimes make mistakes. Then, again, an article often strikes one man differently than it does another. What seems the most important point to the writer may seem insignificant to the reader. In this case it seems that friend Dayton had seen the need of organization among bee-keepers for the purpose of fighting glocose, and he brought out the glucose so strong that, to the editor of Gleanings, it seemed the most important thing in the article. I know exactly how it feels to have the heading of your article changed to some- thing else that you don't think as good as the title that you have given it. Every mother likes to name her own baby. When I wrote that article for the Cosmopolitan, I gave much thought to the clioice of a title. Name after name was considered aud laid aside. Finally, I chose " Modern Bee Cul- ture. " In that article I tried to live up to the title I had chosen — to describe modern bee culture. After the editor came to read it, it is evident that he thought modern bee culture was a very charming occupation, so he changed the title to " The Pleasant ( »ccu- pation of Tending Bees. " When the proof came I protested strongly, and gave my reasons, against the change, but it did not avail me anything. I am well satisfied that both my friend Root aud my friend Dayton had the best Ii6 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, of intentions. The organization that friend Dayton so earnestly desired has beeu effect- ed, and I think that all members will find him ready to work with them for the com- mon good. — Ed. ] Kesping Surplus Combs Free From Moths. "Amalgamation" not Approved! E. FKANCE. ¥ITH US moths cannot live over winter in a honey house where no lire is kept in this climate. We have a room 10 feet square and 8 feet high, with one window and one door. It is one-quarter of the lower story of a I'O x 20 foot store- house. The door is inside the house and oi)ens in- to the main building. The door is moth tight and the window is tight, with a wire screen over that that is moth tight. The room is lathed and plastered, yet I could not think of leaving that room full of combs, during the summer months, exposed to the moths, with only a wire screen door between the combs and the moths. We intend to keep the door shut all the time except when we arc putting in or taking out comb?. There is a hole through the floor large enough to let up a four-inch stove pipe, and we have a sheet iron stove down cellar in winch to burn sulphur when needed. Wo fill that room full of combs in the fall, and let them freeze. I wanted to fill the room last fall with combs, and had some in there that had been there since '1)2, and when I took them out there was not a worm in them. The reason that I removed the combs, was to put in better combs. I had filled the room full in 18i)2, and since then we had used the most of them and those that were left were culls. We had so many spare combs last fall that the room would not hold half of them, l)ut not where we can smoke them, so we will have to be careful next season with combs out of the smoke room — be sure and not bring home any worms in the spring. A colony that lives through the winter until warm weather, is pretty sure to contain worms. Don't tell me the Italians xvnn^t have any, I know better. Shall we join the North American with the Bee Keepers' Union ? I, for one, say no. I don't see how it can possibly help the Bee Keeiiers' Union. I was one of its first mem- bers, and was at the first law suit that it ever had — went there with .flOO in cash to put into that case if it was needed, and I have always paid my dollar every year since. The Union has done well. I have never had anoccasion to call on the Union for help, and hope I won't have, but I am ready to do my part for the defense of the bee keeper. Why should we join the Union with an em- igrating, shifting society ? When they hold a meeting in New York, three-fourths of the attendance comes from near the place of meeting. They pay their entrance fee and have a vote on anything that comes up. Perhaps the next will be .WO or 1000 miles away. How many of New York mem bers will there be at the meeting? I think not one in ten. There will be a new set — ex- cept a few editors and supply men nearly all are new men, and every year there will be the same conditions. Now is it best for the Union to turn their business and votes over to such a fleeting body, changing its members every year ? I think not. We have not as many members as I wish we had, but what we have got are true blue, and so far have been able and willing to tight our battles and I trust will continue to do so. Now, if the members of the North American want to join the Union let them do so as individuals, but not as a society. I don't think the defense fund would be any greater and that the Union would have any more members by uniting the two. I am of the opinion that nearly all of the prom inent members of the North American are also members of the Union. As for the surplus funds of the Union, I wish there were more of them. Very likely something will turn up when the Union will have a chance to use its surplus, in a good hard battle for the defense of bee keepers. Don't be alarmed about the surplus. Lot the Union keep it in their own hands— let it grow. I have read and heard a great deal about so much surplus in other matters, and when the management changed, the surplus vanished forever oat of sight. PlatteviiiLe, Wis. Dec. 10, 1896. [ The point that is brought up by my friend France is an important one, and that it has been well-considered he will see by examining the proposed, new constitution, as it appears on page ;?21 of the Review for 1805. The officers, which constitute a board of directors, are elected by a vote of all the me))il)ers, taken by mail, and this board of directors decides what course shall be itlJi. nklt-KmjKJt^EUS REVIEW. 117 takou by theUuiou and in what inamior the money shall be expended. I am well-satis- tiod that all this opposition to the anialya- niatiou of the Uuiou comes about from a lack of thoroughly uuderstandius the mat- ter. Of course, matters i)ertainiug to the mana-^ement would be discussed at the annual conventions, and recommendations could be made, but these would be subject to the approval of the board of directors. If the matter were of sutlineut importance it could be summitted to tiie whole member- ship for a vote. — Ed. | The Candying of Honey — Its Liquefaction — A Standard Needed for Extracted Honey. J. O. WEST. W, Z. HuToniNSON, Dear Sir — Your cardof K^th inst. at hand. I did not intend to imply that the Review contained less information about honey than the other bee journals, but that I had to collect my information about honey outside of this source. You say : Is it about the marketing, or purity, or its composition, or how to take care of it, or what ? Yes, all these are more or less involved. As a dealer, I have found it detrimental to honey producers to sell either directly or indirectly to the consumer granulated hon- ey, or honey that will crystalize on their hands. As a student, I have compared samples of honey from many ditferent parts of the country and found quite a proportion scorch- ed in liquefying. I have also found by long and faithful scientific research, that all honeys that granulate are imperfect to exactly tlie ex- tent to which they crystalize. That granu- lation, its cause and prevention is o: e of the most important scientific and least-under- stood of anything connected with the bee keeping industry is apparent from the way "candied" honey is palmed off on the consumer with hardly the shadow of in- struction to prepare the same for use. To be more brief in giving you an idea of the gist of ray meaning, I'll put it in this form. Have we a standard in this country, if so, what is it ? Into what two general classes would you divide honey ? What is pectinous honey ? What is floral honey V Under what condition do bees store honey ttiat ivill not granulate V What are the conditions in whicli they store honey that mill granulate ? Wliat is the primary use of formic acid in honey ? What figure does the " formic" part cut ? The heat of a stove top, or its oven, is an unknown quantity; can you send me the pic- ture of a novice who can liquefy solid honey by this dry heat, without heating some part of it above 212 F. ? What are the primary requsites, by once heating, to jierinancntly liquefy honey with- out impairing its color or flavor ? la it possi- ble to bring extracted honey up to a uniform standard, in density, flavor and chemical components, as comb honey from the same source ? These are a few of the questions that have crossed my hurizon in time gone by, and which you may be familiar with, and con- sider of no special consequence, but if not, why is it that I can take any good grade (not scorched ) of h or 7 cent extracted honey and perfect it so that merchants, druggists, etc. take it in quantity at 12).2 cents for family use when they have nice white gran- ulated and "brown sugared" (scorched) honey on their shelves ? There seems to be nothing new coming up about bees, and with sparse crops and a re- hash of the old stories, my enthusiasm for bees is about petered. Now all this is in re- ply for what I had no business to say to you before: I will try to be more guarded in the future. Fulton, Kans. Jan. 20, 189C. Fore-Cells" and "After-Cells "—Foot- Notes—Advantages of Large Hives. OHAS. NOKMAN. HERE are, aswe all know, two kinds of ^.' queen-cells. In Gleanings of Jan. the 1st I proposed the terms " fore cells " and "rtfter-cells " for them, and the editor, Mr. Ernest Root, endor.sed the proposition in a foot-note. Mr. Hasty, in one of his ( as you once justly called them ) " inimitable " Con- densed ^'iews ( Review of February, p "/.t ) endorses the expression " after- cell," but opposes the expression " fore-cell " because " it will have to be explained too many times;" he would say " normal cells "in- stead. Well : would this latter expression not also have to be explained ? and would it 118 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVijijW. not also have to be explained " many times, " namely just as often as would stem neces- sary to make the distinction clear to those that have not " caught on " yet ? I should think that any intelligent bee-keeper ( and do not our books and i)apers at any occasion assure us what a highly intelligent set we all are ? ) when once told will keep and forever know the meaning of this term. Besides, where there is an " after ," there is a " be- fore " and in my opinion the use of the one word necessitates and includes the use of the other. Apropos " foot-nctes. " How is it that some of you cannot resist the temptation of now and then "going for" poor Ernest be- cause he thinks foot-notes to be a good thing? Sosajs Mr. R. L. Taylor ( wliose merits as an apiarist and experimenter I, of course, unhesitatingly acknowledge ) in your February Review, that foot-notes •' are written, almost of necessity, on the spur of the moment, without investigation and without much thought" and that "those same matters, if treated more deliberately in a column by themselves, would be less liable to weakness. " I cannot consent to this, but reply : "It depends. " If the editor is the right kind of an editor, he will, even "on the spur of the moment, "write with investigation and iciVi thought, and if he is not the right kind of an editor he will, even if treating those same matters in a column by themselves, show no deliberation and no mental strength. Suppose ( to choose an example ) Mr. Doolittle were editing a bee- paper and had a " liking " for foot-notes, do you think his sayings could ever be call- ed uninvestigatiug, thoughtless, weak ? Never, for he is too well posted /of that and too present-minded at that. So, you see, it is not the foot no'.es which can be condemm- cd. Mr. Taylor is angry with Ernest be- cause the latter, several times, had opposed Mr. Taylor, but the fact that lii^rnest had op- posed liim in foot-notes has nothing (o do with the matter and if Ernest deserved a whipping, the foot note, at any rate, did not deserve it. You have, no doubt, followed with much interest that discussion on " small or large hives" which has been going on in our bee- papers, especially Gleanings, of late. Do you not also think that, when the controver- sy stands between the eight-and ten-frame- hives, those ( at all events tiie great majority of those ) who favor the eight-frame-hive, went too far ? I will nbt deny that for certain localities the use of eight frames may be better, and yet I feel like saying : " Never use an eight-frame-hive. " Why ? First : even localities — their resources I mean — are changing and for any locality the time may come when a ten- frame-hive will be preferable. Second : likewise people — their minds I mean— are changing and not many of us are, as it were, so consolidated and unalterable as to-be positively sure that we might never give the ten-frame-hive the preference. Third : the beginner at any rate is very likely to change his first choice. Have not even our greatest bee- authorities, as a rule, abandoned the hives they first used ? And can any one, under such circum- stances, honestly recommend the eight- frame-hive to a beginner ? Fourth : suppose the eight-framer wants to sell his apiary, but the intending purchaser is a ten-framer, would this not be quite a dilemma ? Fifth : likewise, if the eigh4,-framer should decide tn practice migratory bee-keeping and the region or regions where he has to travel were better adapted to the ten-frame-hipe ; or, if he leaves the place where he lived at all, but wishes to take his apiary along and the new home is better suited to the ten- frame-hiye. In all these cases, and perhaps for some more reasons, the ten-frame-hive is preferable, for if you have a ten-frame- hive you have in it, with the use of a folloiv- f?', also an eight-frame-hive, but if you have an eight-frame-hive, you are entirely left out in the cold and must feel like wearing a hat which is too small for your head, you have either to wear it to your utmost disgust and discomfort or— to throw it away and buy another larger one. Therefore, even if I were in favor of using eight frames, I should anyhow never use the eight-frame- hive. Your practice to put in the Review at the head of each " article " the picture of its writer, is quite laudable, but some of these pictures are less laudable, I tell you, and not in harmony with the otherwise fine typographical make-up of your monthly. Mr. Thompson's picture, for instance, makes him look as though he had just emerged from a coal-mine. Were I he, I should have gone for you long ago and applied to you a whipping— well, say, like the one applied to poor Ernest by " Exper- imental " Taylor. St. Peteksbubg, Fla. Mar. 5, 189G. in a: ISEE-KEEi'ERS REVIEW, ll9 [ I do not remenilier that I have ever crit- icised Gleauiugs for usiug the " everiastiiiy footnote. " Sometimes a footnote or an editoral is very much needed, and then, again, the matter may he overdone. Some- times it is well to lot an article stand upon its own merits with no editorial bracing up or condemnation. It is a matter requiring much good judgement. It would seem at first, as though the proper place for an edi- torial comment would be immediately fol- lowing the article : then, on the other hand, the arrangement seems more pleasing when the editorials are all by themselves. It is more a matter of taste, I think, than any- thing else. In regard to footnotes being more hurriedly written than are other edi- tirials, I can see only one reason why they should be. It is rather important that the footnote should be in readiness at tlie time that an article is pat in type, so that it may follow it as the m atter is placed on the " gaU ley." With the utmost care in " making up, " there is a likelihood of blunders, and with footnotes in one place and the articles in another, there would be danger of some of them being mis-mated in the " make-up. " Of course, page proofs, after the journal is made up, would reveal the mistake, but to change things after the pages are made up makes a whole lot of aimoying labor. In this way an editor is sometimes called upon to write a footnote, in order that it may accompany the article, at a time when he is busy with something else, and there is a chance that the work may be done hurried- ly. To illustrate : I was very busy, and very much interested, in setting up an advertise- ment, when the compositor asked if there was any editorial to go after this article, and I was obliged to lay aside my work and turn my Jioughtsinto another channel at a time when I was greatly interested in some- thing else. The practice of making hives, or any im- plements, more cumbersome and complica- ted to meet contingencies that ina\i arise, is a course of whicii I cannot approve. It is too much like the combined mower and reaper — not the best for either purpose. I remember that some one once opposed the He Jdon hive because he thought it was a poor hive in which to cure foul brood. We don't make hives with reference to the ease with which foul brood can be cured in them. W^e make them for the specific purpose for which they are to be used, and they shoald be the best that it is possible to procure for tijat specific purpose. I never should think for a moment of adopting the more cumber- some and more exi)ensive ten- frame hive, and the complication of dummies, simply because it is in the range of possibilities that I may sometime want a ten-frame hive. I know that some of the pictures that accompany articles are not a credit to the originals. The trouble is in the photographs. It requires a large, clear, clean-cut, sharp photograph to get good results with the half-toue process, no matter how hard and strong are the contrasts in a photograph, the half-tone process will put in sufficient softness. — Ed. J Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. Rheinisoiie Bienenzeitung. — B. Huend- gen calls attention to the fact that for a number of associations to independently engage in marketing honey only increases competition. He would utilize the present system of national and branch unions ( Vereine ) in Germany for the purpose. By his plan the national union (Hauptverein) would fix each year a minimum price for each of the different grades of honey, adapt- ed to the crop, demand, etc. Members whose honey is unsold to customers at those prices would deliver it to the branch unions, where it would be tested, booked, and vouch- ers therefore issued to the owners. The branch unions would then notify the Hauptverein, sending samples. The latter would sell the honey by sample, notify the branch unions where it is to be shipped, receive the proceeds, and remit to the branch unions, which would settle with their indi- vidual members. The expenses of manage- ment and marketing would be met by the treasury of the Hauptverein, which would receive as compensation a specific percen- tage of the proceeds, according to circum- stances. He makes no suggestions for a stock holding arrangement. In this way "the Hauptverein would present a far different image, surrounded by an aureole of paternal care, to the eyes of bee-keepers, because they would then perceive its worth directly and in a material way. All bee-keepers and associations, hitherto outside of the 120 THE BEE-KEEPERS' liEVIEW- Hauptverein. would soon put themselves under its wing. " Leipzigeb Bienenzeitung.— Dr. Riehm contends that it is false philosophy to say that the moisture-laden air of a hive is heavier than dry air and therefore sinks, to find its way out at the bottom entrance. Wa- ter in the form of vapor is two-thirds lighter than air. Hence he prefers a small top en- trance. Condensed vapor ( mist ) is of course heavier ; but it should escape from the hive before it becomes condensed. A, von Rauschenfels, commenting on Dr. Dzierzon's remark " We are not working for bees, but for honey " and preference for a small chamber, says " We here 1 [n Italy ] want large hives, such as pre- mit the utmost development of the colony ; the more bees, the more honey. We only winter strong colonies. We set aside 15 to 20 per cent, of the colonies for the sole purpose of furnisliing young queens, strengthening material and empty combs to the rest, and we feed for stimulating in spring. How otherwise would it be possi- ble to obtain a richly paying crop from only a spring flow ?" He has however practiced uuqueening with success on 70 colonies, but requires that the colony should reach its highest possible development before the main How, that the bee-keeper should be capable of judging when the queen is to be removed ( if the flow lasts 15 or L'O days, it should be on the third or fourth day ), and the interrup- tion or restriction of egg-laying should un- der no circumstances last more than 8 or 10 days. He concludes that to interrupt or re- strict egg-laying is in the power of the bee- keeper, when he considers it advantageous ; but to call forth legions of honey- gatherers by a stamp of his foot just when he needs them is not in his power. L'Apiculteur. — M. Coltel is of the opinion that in localities of but one important flow that the maximum of population should be reached about the begiiming of the flow, which me.ans that hives need be of no larger size than to provide room for that develop- ment of brood which can be attained about a month before the flow. This is never so much as it would be in an unrestricted chamber at the beginning of the How. The editor agrees with him. It is worth noticing that his and other localities which are said to require restrict- ed brood-chambers have more or less of A minor flow before the main flow. La Revue Inteknationale. — Ph. Balden- sperger thinks that not more than one queen in a hundred lays 3000 eggs a day, and then only in exceptional circumstances. The average daily number of eggs laid the year round, in a colony observed in Pales- tine in 1891, was 87(5 ; its daily average for the period of most abundant egg-laying was 17(;0. At the beginning and end of the year the colony contained 10,000 bees, hence 300,000 died during the year. It yielded 178 pounds of extracted honey, from the 10th of April to the Hth of August. He thinks in a large hive it would have done no better. A colony observed in 1895 at Nice aud in the Maritime Alps gave an average of 1790 eggs daily during the period of most abun- dant egg-laying, but scarcely half as much honey as the one in Palestine, though fre- quently extracted from. He has never found his hives too crowded. The editor says he has many times re- ceived reports of hives containing G or 7 large frames completely filled with brood ( 18G sq. in. in each. ) He believes colonies rather often attain a population of 70 to 80, 000, and sometimes more. The mortality of bees is evidently greater in Palestine and the Maritime Alps than in Switzerland and similar climates, for which reason egg-lay- ing can not attain as great a development in the former countries. A queenless swarm belonging to the editor, hived the 24th of June, had about 8,000 bees left on the 22nd of November. The yield of 178 pounds from the Palestine colony was not surprising, as it extended over so great a space of time. At Nyon, Switzerland, the main crop lasts from two to four weeks, interrupted by rains. Yet yields of 1('>0 pounds or so are not infre- quent. To obtain such crops from a short flow he considers that large populations are necessary. The above, of course, does not touch on the case { rather rare where honey-produc- tion pays fairly well) in which one specialist bee-keeper has the opportunity of getting all the nectar of a district, and wishes to know whether he should do so by a large number of small hives, or a smaller number of large hives. An article on several or any number of colonies in one hive is accompanied by an editorial foot-note " leaving to the writer THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 121 entire responsibility for the facts and opin- ions which he advances. " The latter, F. Julien, a ('apuchin priost, has practiced the metiiod for two years, aud claims for it great precocity of spring development ( three weeks ahead ; ) radical and absolute suppression of rol)l)ing in the colonies so " federated ; " ease of wintering the feeblest colonies ; no precautions necessary for ex- changing queens, uniting, or strengthening ; surplus more than doubled, even when only three colonies are so joined. To sup[)ortthe latter claim, however, he only advances one case, in which a triple colony yielded ;")(!! pounds, or an average of 187 pounds, while a single colony of the same race in the same yard yielded N8 pounds. In subsequent articles he will describe his "federative" or "Capuchin" hive. At the apiary of Rauclifuss Bros, in this State I lately saw three colonies in one hive. They were divided in the brood- chamber by wood partitions, with sheets of perforated zinc above, and the super in common. I was told that the plan gave satisfactory results, and seemed as if it could be extended still farther with success. By this method laying workers never occur ; when a colony loses its queen, it simply unites with its neighbor. None of these colonies had swarmed. CoNDUiTE du RuoHER ( April ). — In treat ing foul brood, the author has such confi- dence in drug cures tiiat the transferring plan is not even mentioned. He highly recommends salicylic acid, in fumigating and feeding. A piece of camphor of the size of a small nut, wrapped in a rag and placed in the hive, removed as often as evap- orated, arrests the developement of the disease and permits the bees to clean the cells. Cures l)y camphor alone have been reported, as also by a mixture of carbolic acid and Norway pitch kept in a small box in the hive, but this is recommended rather as a preventive. Naphtaline is also recom- mended, but not too much at once. About as much of the crystals as will lie on a silver (luarter is dropped in the hive as far as possible from the entrance. Creoline, essence of ecualyptus, naphtol beta, and formic acid, have each been employed with success as cures. Whatever success drugs had, it must be remembered that they cannot affect infect- ed honey which is sealed, or not used up during the treatment. Wherever there is such honey, we should expect the disease to breakout again if the treatment is discon- tinued after the cure; and, in fact, experi- ence shows that drugs sometimes cure and sometimes do not. Our European friends do not seem to take this into consid- eration as much as they should do. A correspondent of L'Apiculteur lately wrote that his two apiaries were completely destroyed with foul brood "in spite of treatment with naphtaline, salicylic and formic acids, naphtol, etc., etc. " He thinks that in a warm climate diseased col- onies should be destroyed. This is some- what like the opinion of W. W. Somerford of Cuba, on page ;510 of Gleanings for 188.5, that " foul brood in a hot climate, and in large apiaries, is something too progressive for any remedy yet known to the f rateraity " short of checking it each year by melting all combs and putting the bees on new founda- tion. But, on the other hand, it seems, to meat least, to be a mistake on our part, consider- ering the great cheapness and ease of appli- cation of these drugs, and their undoubted eiiicacy, as far as they go, in temperate cli- mates, to refuse their aid as preventives, by constant use on healthy colonies in in- fected districts. This is suggested by the editorial note on page ol7 of the Review for l.*^'.!."), which seems to imply that whatever does not invariably cure should be aban- doned. I always cure foul brood myself by sure methods, but have also kept using car- bolic acid as a preventive, and have had but little foul brood since my lirst siege of it, though in an infected district. The Bee-Keepek's Record. — Samuel Sim- mins, speaking of his non-swarming sys- tem, says " Many reports come in from pri- vate correspondents showing that nothing whatever was l)uilt in the frames below, while work proceeded rapidly in the supers, and this is what will generally be found where my directions are carefully followed. " Mr. Cowan has for sale for a shilling apiece photographs of a portion of a comb affected with foul brood. On the back is printed a deserii)tion of the phases of the disease, and its effect on the larvse, with other particulars. " Nothing like so realistic a representation of foul brood has yet been published, and it will form a means of enab- ling any one to detect it. " The Australian Bee-Bulletin.—" Loyal- stone" says the best thing to keep the weeds down around the hives is three inches depth 122 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlJl. of mortar. This seems like a "finality" as Mr. Hasty would say ; but the question at once arises, why not brickbats ? For a stand he says nothing is better or more durable than bricks ( presumably laid in mortar, ) and it is the cheapest stand in the long run. For this purpose also brickbats are just as good, and can be procured con- siderably cheaper. One advantage of a permanent stand or mortar-bed is that the hives never need to be leveled. Arvada, Colo. March, G, 18%. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Editor and Proprietor. Terms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more, 70 cents eacli. If it is desired to liavo the Revi bw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued FLINT. MICHIGAN. APRIL 10. 1896. Eight Extra Pages this month. No Question is really settled until it is settled right. The Philadelphia Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion will hold its convention the IGth of May, and the editor of the Review expects to be present and read a paper on " The Produc- tion of Comb and Extracted Honey. " Spbing Feeding is treated to an editorial of more than a page in Gleanings for April 1st. It endorses the position taken by Mr. Boardman in his articles in the Review and Gleanings that we can practically ex- change sugar for honey by feeding the bees in the spring and keeping up the feeding until the opening of the regular honey har- vest. The brood combs will then be entire- ly full of brood and stores, and the first and all the honey that comes in initst go into the supers. I have felt for several years that in many parts of the United States the only hope for the bee keeper was in the proper feeding of sugar, and I am greatly encour- aged when a journal like Gleanings takes the same view. I would gladly copy this editorial, but there isn't room this month, and next month will be pretty late for most of the country. Better send for the April 1st issue of Gleanings. MICH, state BEE-KEEPEES, CONVENTION. The illness of the President, and of the Sec- Secretary's daughter, has caused the holding of the Michigan, State Bee-Keepers' Conven- tion to be postponed. Now it has been de- cided to hold it April 23 and 24, in Linsing, at the Van Dyne House, 411-1.5 Washington Avenue, South. Rates only $1.00 per day. Street cars pass the door. The first session will be held on the evening of April 23. The Hon. R. L. Taylor will talk about "Lessons in Wintering. " Mr. Heddon, who is just home from Flordia, has been asked to tell about bee-keeping in that "land of flowers. " L. A. Aspinwall, of .Jackson, will have a paper on " The Requisites of Saccess in Bee-Keeping. " The Hon. G. E. Hilton has chosen for his subject " The Crisis in Michigan Bee-Keeping. " Dr. L. C. Whiting, of Saginaw will have a paper showing that " Bae-Keepers Must Follow the Wild Flowers. " Mr. T. F. Bingham will also have a paper on " Horizontal Prices." All are cordially invited to attend. W. Z. Hutchinson. Sec. THE ADVERTISEMENTS IN THE REVIEW. I work hard to make the advertising pages of the Review as bright, sprightly, interest- ing and newsy as any in the Review. I try to set up each ad in such a way as to give it a character peculiarly its own. In this I want the help of every advertiser. I will admit that I am not wholly unselfish in this. When advertising pays an advertiser, it is continued to »i(/ profit. There is consider- able advertising now in the Review, and I think all will admit that some of it might be a great deal better than it is. There is one point that I fear that some of the advertisers are over-looking, and that is that it costs just as much to put in a poor ad as it does to put in a good one. The way to make a good ad is to try real hard to make a good one. Let me give you a few hints : First, an ad must be attractive. By this I do not mean, necessarily, that it should be handsome — altiiough this is desirable. I'erhaps " notice- able" is a better word. There must be iiiA BEE- KEEPERS' REVIEW, 123 something about it that will catch the eye — sotnethint^ out of the coininou — something different from the ordinary. Next, it must be readcible. Having noticed the ad, the reader must be so interested in the way that " things are put " that he will read it. Not only this, but the story must be told in a clear, strong, vigorous manner, so that it ca'inot be misunderstood. Don't generalize. Don't say " Bees and Queens and Bee-Keep- ers' Supplies, etc. " Tell exactly what you have got. Describe it and put a price on it. Another little point right here. About every man's business there is usually some strong point in its favor, or tliat can be made in its favor, whereby superior advantages can be offered to purchasers — these points should be brought out strongly in an ad. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. HOW goes the bittle for continued life and standing room for perioJical bee literature ? While the " bee fever " is on a fellow, of course he will buy and most eager- ly peruse apiarian journals, if he can pos- sibly raise the cash to subscribe ; but there is a steady grind of life further on which differs somewhat from bee fever conditions, even as married life differs from the honey- moon. The " two little lambs " involved in the latter sort of fever would read ( aloud and in concert ) a magazine mostly given up to the department " How to be sweet on each other " — no doubt about the first sub- scription, and the April and May numbers ; but they might after all fail to read Novem- ber and December, and their renewal, alas, would never come in. A specialist journal de- voted to the X ray might get lots of subscrib- ers just now ; yet in a short time the j jurnal would be starved out. Certainly apiculture is not so short-lived a topic as these extreme examples : but it does look as if it lay pretty nearly on the dividing line between the things which can and the things which can not be made permanently the subject of specialist journalism. Did an American bee paper ever fairly pay for the time, brains and cash put into it, and keep doing so for five years, without leaning very hard on pome other topic than apiculture to sustain the reader's interest ■:" It sounds well to say " Devoted entirely to apiculture " — almost as nice as " 'Tis sweet for your country to die ; " but maybe one can't live up to either motto and keep on doing business at the old stand too. Why butt our heads to pieces against the granite walls of the in- evitable ? As for me I am about half con- vinced that trying to shut out all other topics is a fatal mistake. Most bee papers in their dying struggles, after they are too nearly dead for resuscitation, desperately intro- duce some other topic — and we say, died of side issues. Perliaps we ought rather to say, died of side issues postponed too long. Any one of the home topics which ought to interest most of the human race should be available to drive in span with apiculture, providing that is the best way for a journal to travel. Of course such an editor will have to watch vigilantly lest the side issue choke out the center issue ;but that has long been done by the editors of one successful bee paper, and can be done by others. THE REVIEW. It is the Review's turn this month, and the fact that it has been squirming of late in its "one issue " bed, and sticking out a home medicine foot from under the "kiver, " was what led to the meditations of the opening paragraph. Beyond this straw, which may indicate how inner currents of thought are beginning to blow, I believe the Review has not been attempting any novelties or inno- vations of late — just hanging on for dear life to the tail-board of the almanac, and trying to catch up. 'Spects now I shall have to say something about Mr. Pringle's health articles, whether I want to or not. Who believes a man or a dog would starve on ordinarily good white bread ? E'en'ymost ready to offer myself forthetest( either as dog or man as my brother Pringle may determine ) and then if I failed to pull through there would be one unbeliever the less. Am not even quite ready to agree that fat pork if^always an im- proper food. Let me tell a tale. From my earliest childhood till I became a man I utterly abominated the taste of fat pork, and never could be got to eat it, although it was usually on my father's table. Same way for the last 30 years and more. Yet there was once a period of several weeks, when my bodily conditions were somewhat unusual when I ate fat pork with pleasure. I even planned to astonish the folks at home, and 124 THE BEE-KEEPERS' HEVIEW actually did take a piece on my plate pooii after arrival and failed to make it go down. My abhorrence of the stuff had returned to me. Now it looks to me a little as if my spell of eating pork was simply unperverted nature indicating what, she wanted. If un- perverted nature wantt d it I have my doubts if it was harmful. If it was harmless and useful once with me it may have been more than once with some person. I'd jump right up and down while shouting, yes, to have pork and all other tl )sh disused fcr food — only let us have nothing but the absolute truth told and followed to bring it about. Once again, it seems to me that Mr. Crin- gle, as well as most of the health talkers, bears down too hard on those dishes not containing flesh, which ae indicated by the rather indefinite adjective " rich, " meaning abounding in butter and sugar. No doubt the person who eats meat more than is good for him, and three times a day, will make his bad situation a little worse by topping it out with ri«h pie and cal e -so far all cor- rect. But in the case of the person who does not eat meat at all ( and that's the port we ought to keep in mind, and be steering tow- ards ) the essential conditions are greatly altered. To carry the idea that people in ordinary health should eat neither flesh, cake, pie, nor sweetmeats is running things into the ground shamefully— so there now I If he will consent to take all these brick- bats with grace, maybe I can demean my- self to find a little to approve somewhere. Porchance few nobler medical maxims have ever been put in words than this from page r>0; ■' Tho symptoms are merely the 8is?Q« of nat- ure's otforts. and 1hf>rRfc)ro should be airlod and regulated instead of lioiiig suppressed. " Yet even this doctrine is quite capable of being carried too far. And, by the way, my kick in behalf of white bread does not imply any objection to a better bread, re- presenting more completely the full value of the wheat. Neither does my one word for pork imply any wisli to bolster it up, where it can be pulled down without fanaticism. And ma y thanks to Mr. Pringle, and all others, who keep before us the awful danger of hindering nature's curative efforts in acute disease. Yes, quite likely nature is sometimes compelled to quit fighting the disease in order to fight for a time the more unendurable medicine; and then, very naturally, symptoms change, and we fool- ishly say the medicine has done good. As to honey from a bee tree making the stomach ache worse than other honey I do not agree with page 83. I suspect it's just simply because one eats forty times as much when he gets at the debris of a tree as he would if he got at it in civilized fashion. Poison from the sting points is too exceed- ingly volatile to be plastered around much I reckon. Fewer bee trees are taken than formerly — fewer by far — and fewer box hives are brimstoned ; and almost all taking of honey is now done by specialists, who are not liable to the "upsettinsin " of get- ting the honey cholio. I rather like the man who runs a tilt against settled opinions, and so take interest in this from R. L. Taylor. Review 73. " At best the solar extractor is cumbersome, can be used only about two months in the year, and is of no practical utility inrenderins combs containin.v,' cocoons." Ah, friend B. Taylor, we are too diminu- tive and short lived to get a proper per- spective in viewing the decline and death of our world as a ijlanet. Most things in na- ture move in waves ; and what we have been rather sadly watching is merely the decline of one little wave, not the decline of the whole ocean. I, for one, believe we have sean a cleclining wave of a rising tide. In other word^, our plan3t has not yet reache I its fully developed youth, much less begun to die. See arhicle. Review, 75. Yes, friend Thompson, Dr. Dubini can only be wholly right on the supposition that pretty much the whole of us don't know bees from bugs. Not only do bees work on the second crop of red cliver, as our editor re- lates, but it used to be common in my local- ity to see lots of them on tlie first crop. Nev- er mind it. Not long since one of the world's famous bee men tried to force through the dictum that there was no such substance as propolis — only wax — and another dictum that there was no such creature as a fertile worker. " We're all poor critters. " Perhaps we may thank the same Dr. Du- bini for his silver spoon test. That's very easy : and sulphuretted hydrogen enough to blacken a spoon ( whether fron corrupt brood or other source ) might well bluff us off from eating the stuff. I had missed or forgotten friend Reepen's comb filling case to be used in an extractor, and thank Mr. Tonipson for pointing it out to me. I knew that the extractor had hope- ful possibilities, but did not incline to theo- rize any more on wliat nobody had tried. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 125 Many of our extractors would have to be ni'^de^differoiitly to Ki't in so thick a case, however. A very simple cenlrifiifiral to whirl the case only ouyiit not to cost niucli. I 'aUier thitik e.iex\vise whirling would till both sides at once in such a case — at least edu'vvisH wliirliu}; when honey is thin throws out both sides at once. It's yood reading to read about the Aspin- wall wooden combs, thoroughly soaked in hot wax^but <:;uess I won't darken counsel this lime by words without knowledjje. !See the excellent article itself, page 4."). The general effect of R. L. Taylor's last experiments iu feeding back, given in the opening article of this year, is to make the mystery look darker than before. ( )ue would almost say there )nust be some undiscover- ed leak somewhere through which so much good material gets away. AViio knows but tiie little snipes fly out with it, and play Lidy B )untiful by offering it to whatever bees or insects they can find willing to ac- cept it V Think the Millennium has come, and want to si)read it. Wax rendering from old combs is seldom so well treated as iu that same article, it seems to me. The General Round-Up, Yes. friend York, as yon remark on page 21:51) of the American Bee Journal, I a'u, to my disgrace, over 200 pages behindhand — di-like to throw good things overboard so badly. S ly ! Offer a fellow some brotherly counsel what to do. Shall I jump down to present date and grab hold again ( have done th it l)efore ) or shall I do some other way 'i Oi' lias the present state of things some advantages, in that you preach a good thing to the people., and then, when they are just about forgetting it, I preach it to 'em ag lit! ? S Ju ? New French way to prevent swarms mix- ing. Will work sometimes no doubt. Fun — for all except the perspiring wight who prac- tices it on a swarmy -June day. Partially cl »-e, with a wad of grass, the entrance of the second one that starts, then pick up the hive and run with it forty rods, putting it doivn in a U'^w landscape. Gleanings 4. Tlie French have al-so found that the bee escape can be worked in an empty hive, in which the combs destined for the extractor are put without brushing and left there a few hoars. Gleanings, .")0. Most of us would prefer to brash them clean aiid have the job done with at once. Possibly, in robbing times, the shorter exposure of the hive might pay. Who can contradict the following provok- ing straw in Gleanings, 4S, mostly copied from the British Bee Journal ? "An pg« when first laid, stands on end attaeh- e 1 to the base of tlic cell. In a ffw minutes a nnrsp bee lays it down Mil its side. On the fec- o id day we find tin' 1)p(>k havi^ shifted its p<)«iti5, seems to make a caiiital point on house apiaries, iu dispensing with the floor. Walking on the floor ( wh«n it is also their floor ) must annoy all the colonies in the vicinity more or less ; so he just heaps up and levels up dirt for the keeper to walk on. Moreover he is un- doubtedly on the right track when he warns against any needless cubic feet of space in- side for winter. Bees themselves can miti- gate the chill and damp of a small space. I suspect that it would pay to All big sacks with chaff wnd straw and pile them in where there /.s too much space. H. W. Mitchell's uncapping rig, shown in Gleanings . 59, seems to be one of the best out, for a simple home made affair. Half barrel bottom, with cheese-cloth strainer bound over. Al:)ove this is mounted a box with open top and hopper-shaped bottom, to hold most of the cappings, and let the honey drop out upon the cheese-cloth. A rei-olv- ing comb rest is rigged to a cross piece on the top of the upper box. In qieen rearing work Doolittle averages two queens a month from each nucleus. Gleanings (>1. T. S. Ford, whom Gleanings endorses as the best posted man in the country, says queens do carry paralysis, and some queen breeders do keep paralysis in their apiaries. Gleanings fio. B. Taylor says colonies furnished with great abundance of section room during a good harvest will have more finished honey than they would if crowded a little, and a lot of unfinished honey as clear gain- Gleanings 102. If this is correct it is quite important. Grain of salt for me. 126 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW Who wants to do some slumming ? Friend York of the American Bee Journal offers to take us to thirty places in the wick- ed and tricky city of Chicago wliere honey is being glucosed. Rambler's on the war path after the term queen-bar, which some would have us use as a substitute for queen-excluder. Says basswood cuttings grow nicely if kept over in the cellar. They must be kept in sand that is neither dry nor wet. Too much dampness spoils them. Wonder if letting the butts of the bundles stick through holes made in the bottom of the box, and setting the box so as to expose the cut ends to the light, would not help on the healing process. Dr. Miller thinks that when we try to vote out a third termer we should not be re- quired to mail our ballots to the gentleman himself. Gleanings 141. Doolittle thinks when a newly hived swarm of bees slowly come out and go home, leaving the queen balled on the floor, that they consider her lo^t, and k ow not where to find her. Gleanings 143. Dju'tknowas that theory ever occurred to me. Mv theory has been that tlie bees don't know what to do to rescue their sovereign from the ball of of strange bees, but know where she is well enough — the going home being simply a iRzy way to get out of a bad scrape — Good S imaritan Lsvites ( or leave-ites ) at wholesale. Still Doolittle may be right. He's apt to be. Rtohauds. Ohio. April, 11, I.'^IM',. them. If we want Apis Dorsata, which, by the way, is another story, it is quite likely that Frank Benton is a good man to send, but, for all that. I can't conscientiously ask the goverment to send a man who neither does his duty nor keeps his promises. Frank Benton's Promises. In a late issue of the American Bee Jour- nal Prof. A. J. Cook advises that bee-keep- ers urge the general goverment to make an effort to import Apis Dorsata, and that Frank Benton be employed for that purpose. Commenting upon this editor York says: — "We'd like to suggest that before Mr. Benton is sent after Apis Dorsata, Prof. Cook tret him to do as he agreed at the To- ronto Convention, viz: To turn over the balance of the St. Jo«eph Convention report, for which he received pan a year and a half a(jo. Until Mr. Benton does this duly, ive can't conscientiously endorse him for any- thing. And neither should any one else, " Bro. York has said some things which did not meet my approval, but this isn't one of Where Shall the Next Meeting of the North American be Held T The editor of the American Bee Journal has the following to say on this subject. "Again we want to suggest the experi- ment of following the G. A. R. encamp- ment this year. As the Grand Army meets in St. Paul in September, and that city will be pretty well crowded then, we think that Minneapolis would be the proper place. All could get round-trip tickets to St. Paul, and then a small street-car fare would take them to Miniieai)olis in a few minutes more. It seems to us this plan is worth trying, as the railroad fare will be only o>ie ce)i( a mile at that time. While we know that it was practically de- cided at the St Joseph convention that the North American in IHtH'i should go to Lin- coln, Neb., still we also know that those good western people are willing that the success of this year's meeting shall not be prevented by holdinsr the North American so strictly to its pledges in a matter of this kind. Doubtless some other year, and that verv soon, the G. A. R. will meet in Lincoln or Omaha ; and then, if we find it a good thing to follow it around, there will be such a big meeting of bee-keepers a^ will simply astound our Neb-aska friends, although accustomed to big things. " Commenting on this the editor of Glea- nings says : "The President of the North American says he is agreed, provided the Nebraska bee-keepers are. It seems to me that, in view of the grand opportunity of one cevt a Jiu7c, they surely will be agreed also. Ore reason, yes, the main reason, why the North American has been so poorly attended at its variousmfetings is because of the railroad fares. Hi ro is the only chance to get low rates, " I agree entirely with the President that it will be best to meet at the same time that theG. A. R. people at St. Paul ;/ the Neb- raska people can yield as gracefully as they did at the St. Joseph meeting. They could have carried the next meeting to Nebraske just like a book, but when they learned that an implied promise had been given to Canada they yielded with a magnanimity that caused the convention to send up a cheer. Unless these western friends with their big hearts can see their way clearly to again give up rHt; BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. \21 for the present their cherished hopes, aud cheerfully do what sreins to be the greatest good for the greatest number, and come to St. Paul, my vote must go in favor of Lin- coln, Neb. Since the above was put in type tiie Amer- ican Bee Journal has come to hand, and it contains a letter from Mr. E. Whitcomb of Friend, Neb. He still urges the holding of the convention at Lincoln, intimating that as low rates can be obtained to that point as to any. Probably, but not by a bee-keep- ers' convention. It must be something like the Ct. a. R. encampment that can get one vent a mile rates. I still hope the western friends will reconsider and decide to go where we can get the low rates that will draw a crowd ; but, unless they can see it in that light, I feel that we must keep faith with them. Difference in the Longevity of Bees, 1 have to thank my friend, J. R. Bellamy for calling my attention to the fact that he, Chas. H. Thies and Dr. Miller wrote on this subject in the American Bee Journal in 189."^. Here is what Mr. Bellamy first wrote : " I cannot hold my peace once u^ore be- cause some of the experts in answering Query syL did not suggest wanting an experiment to test the value of longevity in diflferent races of bees, or bees from different queens. I have experimented a little with great re- sults, and often thought of advertising for queons that were positively 4 or 5 years old, and I would breed from them if doing good laying at such age, and if good in other ways and quiet. I feel that I know more in this line than I can tell. I have had hives with 8 frames of brood full from April until August, and good looking bees and queens, but would not give a swarm or store honey, or be overcrowded with bees ; and others, with the same amount of brood in the same time, would have more than three times the quantity of bees and honey in August. For sometime I thought that careless bees from other hives joined with those that be- came so extra good, but this year I have proved that such is not the case, and that the bees from certain queens live and work nearly twice as long as others ; that is, have better constitutions. Look at certain breeds of horses — some are useless at 17 years, others are good at 22 years. Now, when bees become useless from age, or any cause, the others put them out as they do drones, and when bee-keepers see them putting them out, they think that it was a robber that got in, but if looked at closely, it will be seen that the bee put out is very small, as are all old bees, and dark. This difference in size leads the keener to think that they are diff- erent bees, from some bee-tree, or other hive. " Jjater, Dr. Miller mentioned the matter, aud this roused Mr. Bellamy to write to the Doctor as follows : " Black Bank, Ont. Nov. 20. Dear Fkiend Miller :— I am very glad you had your curiosity aroused in regard to longevity of bees, by my article on page .'">.'{.". of the Bee Journal ; but when you mention- ed it on page 029, why did you not say if you had ever noticed hives containing the same amount of brood for a certain time, and a wide difference in the gain of both bees and honey ? Such being the case, how could one colony get more bees than another in said time, if it were not all in longevity ? Just try to recollect, and inquire of all bee- keepers. This should be sent to a bee-pa- per as a query. You appear to doubt if any gains are had from queens four or five years old ; then yon change the appearance of your statement by adding that it looks a little reasonable. Now, you should have said it looks a big reason- able. Perhaps you do not understand me rightly, by wanting queens four or five years old. Those queens have always been good, but I could not know that they would hold out until the fourth year, and if doing good service then, and filled up rapidly with bees in the spring, as my choice or select queens do. There are two ways I judge young queens : First, after a queen begins to lay in a full colony, I allow her to build a piece of comb, and if thev build drone, I do not expect much of this queen. This test is to be after swarming. Then about May 1st, I take notice of certain hives which are ' going up, ' as I terra it, while others are 'goiner down: ' that is in numbers of bees. W. Z. Hutchin- son has noticed this. I think, but could not guess a reason, and I say longevity of the bees is the only cause, if colonies, protection and stores are equal. This year I kept some colonies building comb all through the harvest ; that is, re- pairing .">0 combs which a rat spoiled or damaged by eating large holes through them, which were in a large box last winter. Did you ever notice that some queens with colonies equal, and of the same age, at the same time in a honey-fiow, the bees in some would build drone-comb, and others not. but would build worker comb ? Perhaps if you always give full sheets of foundation, you could not notice this, because they only had one choice. I feel that you will not un- derstand me rightly yet, as I am a very poor orator or writer ; b'lt you may, if you study my theory, and inquire of others, if they had not noticed these thines. When W. Z. Hutch- inson recommended hiving swarms on start- ers, and eot worker-combs, he had a good strain of bees for longevity, is my opinion. Some larvie, as soon as hatched, are fed much better than others. Some are fed almost royal jellv ; others you cannot see the food in the cells. Just think what effect extra food has upon long life in a queen — living three years ; or some larva poorly fed — a worker — three months. " 128 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, To this Dr. Miller replied as follows : " If Mr. Bellamy is correct in his theory that there is a considerable difference in the longevity of different colonies of bees, it may help to answer the puzzling question that so many have asked with little hope of finding an answer. I mean the question, ' Why is it that two colonies side by side, apparently the same in all respects, should produce such difierent results ? ' I confess I have not closely watched the matter so as to observe the difference in colonies of which he speaks. It may exist, for all that, and it would be i teresting to know whether others have noticed it. As I understand him, two colonies having the same amount of bees to start with, and the same amount of comb constantly occupied with brood, show a decided difierence in population, and he reasons that in no way can that difference of population be ex- plained other than to say the workers of one colony live longer than the other. If his premises are correct, I see no rerson why his conclusion is not correct. If so, it is worth while to work for a strain of bees that will live longer than the average, and if there be only a difference of two or three days, then that difference is worth gaining. The life of a worker in the busy season is estimated at 42 days. What advantage will there be in having it extended to 45 ? If a bee commences to store when it is 10 days old, then the bee that lives 42 days will have 27 storing days. If it has three more storing days, then it will store 11 per cent. more. Quite an item. If its life should be lengthen- ed a week, then it would have a fourth more than the usual number of storing days. With regard to rearing queens from an old queen four or five years old, Mr. Bella- my does not claim that a queen is better at that advanced age than she is when younger, only he is not sure at a younger age that she possesses the longevity desired. If she has lived to an old age, he expects her posterity, both queen and worker, to be remarkable for longevity. The matter is one of interest and im- portance and possibly the attention of others may be directed to it so as to gain more light. " Mr. Chas. H. Thies had the following to say on the subject, "In reading Mr. Bellamy's article on page 755 of the Bee Journal for 1893, I thought I would give a little of my experience in re- gard to longevity of bees. I noticed this a number of years ago. My attention was first called to a colony that at all times contained but little brood. At that time I reared queens for my use only, con- sequently I was not so particular in keeping a record of their age. Of course I thought she was failing, and my intention was to soon replace her ; but as the honey-fiow was poor, I lost a little interest in the bees for the time being, consequently I neglected to re-queen this colony. But when the time came to prepare them for winter, this colony was the strongest in my apiary of some 100 colonies. It had plenty of honey, more than any other col- ony, yet as before but little brood. The next season this colony was to be noticed closely. They started in the same as before — when other colonies had their hives well filled with brood, this colony had perhaps enough brood to well fill four or five frames ; but when the honey-flow came, they were in splendid condition — in fact, they stored more honey than any other colony. I then decided to use this queen for breed- ing purposes : while I had queens that pro- duced better looking bees, yet I thought that the other good qualities of this queen would more than overbalance the looks, as large crops of honey are usually wanted first, then looks may be considered. Now while the bees of this queen lived longer, they not only had from five to ten days more to gather honey in, but all the honey that was saved in rearing lees brood than other colonies did, went in with the surplus, which surely should be considered ; besides, there were less bees required to stay in the hive for feeding larvae, etc. Now, if these bees did not live longer, why was it that they were at all times strong, with but little brood at any time, and always stored a surplus when any was to be had ? I myself was satisfied that they lived longer, before I ever read a word on this subject. " I think that this subject of longevity among bees is a point that needs careful ex- periment. It would, perhaps, explain why one colony does so much better work than another that is no more populous. Just notice if the colonies that do not have so very large quanties of brood, yet store the most honey, have queens that live to an un- usual age. If they do, here is a starting point. It is a starting point anyway, to breed from the queens of such colonies. Perhaps we will soon have queens ofifered for sale that are bred from " queens that are five years old. " ThelHeddon Leaflet. Here is the Heddon leaflet to which I have several times referred. It contains a good many good things. In fact, all of it is good, but what I fear is that it is so long that the average person will toss it aside unread. Will some one tell me what better be left out or condensed ? If any one else has a leaflet will they please send me a copy. I want to publish all that I can find, and allow criticism, and then try my own hand at writing one, and have that criticised, and then, when we get what is considered the best, I will print some for sale. " The honey-bee is not a native of this country, the first having been landed in THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 129 Boston, Mass., by pu l']ui^lishmau in 1G70. The object in bringing bees to this country was twofold. First, because of their health- ful and delicious product, and second, the enormous benefits derived from their work in tlie fertilization of blossoms. The great naturalist, Darwin, truly says: ' The more bees the more flowers; the more flowers the more seeds : the more seeds the more flow- ers ; the more flowers the more bees. ' The same is true of fruit as well as of seeds. Take out of this country all the honey-bees, and. after a year or two, they would be brought back at almost any cost, so marked would be the diminution in our seed and fruit crops. Of their product, honey, it may be truth- fully said that it is the most wholesome and easily absorbed by the system, not only of any sweet, but likewise of any food known to man. Owing to the peculiar conditions and environments of honey-bees during their period of confinement in the hive, their surplus honey, stored by them for the pur- pose of carrying them through this period, is something entirely different from any other substance used as food, by man. /( is alreadu prepared by the bees before it is plac- ed in the cells. This is a very important fact. When we eat honey we have only to assimilate its varied life giving elements, the labor of preparation, which the system has to effect with all other foods, having been performed by the bees. This is the only food partaken of by man, of which it can be truthfully said that some other ani- mal has specially prepared it for our assim- ilation thus precluding the necessity of that labor on our part. Another important fact in considering honey as a food, is that it is not quite half so sweet as cane sugar, although the differ- ent acids it contains give the impression to the sense of taste that it is sweeter; which accounts for the fact that for hundreds of years honey has been termed ' the sweetest of all sweets. ' Here we have the pleasure of the sensation produced by sweetness without the danger of retarding the action of the liver, kidneys or stomach when honey is eaten in large quantities, as is the case with cane sugar. But for this fact, the an- cients never could have lived upon honey as a main article of diet, as they did in certain lands at certain times, as we learn from an- cient history. Honey, either in the comb or extracted, requires much skill in its production to avoid the deterioration of some of its fine qualities. It is more common to find im- perfect honey in the comb than in the ex- tracted form, because the capping being por- ous, honey in the comb is subject to every change in the humidity of the atmosphere, while extracted honey is not. The expert bee-keeper of today knows how to produce and take care of both comb and extracted honey so as to take the honey from the bees in perfect condition with that rich, ripe flavor and smooth consistency so grateful to the consumer, and care for it in a manner that will keep it so. It is a well known fact that the comb of the honey-bee is entirely indigestible. Mechanically and chemically it is smooth and favorable to the human stomach, and because it is wholly indigestible the stom- ach makes no effort whatever to digest it. The particles chewed fine mingle all through the pastry eaten with them, thus making avenues for the gastric juices of the stom- ach, amounting to a radical, mechanical aid in the digestion of the pastry and bread eat- en. This is the philosophy underlying the common practice of eating comb-honey with warm biscuits. The particles of comb guarantee the digestion of the more obsti- nate warm bread. Thus we find that either comb or extracted honey is the most whole- some not only of any sweet, but of any food known to humanity. As a remedial agent, honey has, and will for all time, play an important part. Its chemical nature is such that in many cases it has proved a complete cure for constipa- tion, diseases of the mouth, throat, lungs, and other vital organs, many cases being on record of radical and permanent cure of persons supposed to have consumption. All well read physicians know of its superiority, and will use no other sweet in the concoc- tion of medicines for a large class of diseases. As a sweet sauce it is the best food and tonic for the nerves, because of the large amount of very fine nitrogenous matter distilled from the flowers, in its most concentrated form. So honey is not only warming to the system, but it is among the best, if not the best food known for brain workers. One great hindrance to the consumption of this best of all known articles of food has been the fear of adulteration imbibed mainly from silly, ridiculous articles which have been published in the columns of sen- sational newspapers. Comb honey cannot be adulterated, and the editors of the Amer- ican Bee Journal and Gleanings in Bee Culture have offered large rewards to any person who would show where any comb honey was being adulterated, or could show any process by which it could be. Every practical honey producer knows very well that every such offer is made with absolute safety ; impossibilities can never be achiev- ed. Extracted honey has rested under greater suspicion than that in the comb, mainly because of its being offered at a much lower price. Consumers did not know why it could be sold for less, unless it was mixed with some cheaper article. They did not know that about double the quantity of extracted honey could be secured from a given number of colonies of bees as could be taken in the comb in the same season. They were not aware that in connection with the extraction of the pure, clear honey, the comb was preserved and returned, not only saving the bees labor, time and mate- rial necessary for building the comb which is produced from pure honey, but that many times, for several days in succession, the flow from the nectaries of the flowers is so profuse that five colonies of bees could not build comb fast enough to furnish room for 130 filE BEE-KEEPERS' MEVIEW the hoiiev which one colony could gather. But this groundless suspicion, based upon ignorance regarding the business, has been nearly all banished by the fact that hundreds of barrels of pure, clear honey, stortd in the honey houses of our large cities, are no un- common sight. It is estimated that there are at present in the United States something over three million colonies of bees, produc- ing upwards of one hundred million pounds of honey yearly, which brings more than $10,000,000 to their owners and our country. These statistics alone are sufficient to prove to the mind of the reasoning consumer that bee-keepers can produce liquid honey cheap- er than they can buy any material with which to adulterate it. A bee-keeper or any other producer must have his profit, the same as the manufacturer or retailer, and when a legitimate profit is taken from the present price of honey, the figures left will be below the cost of any ingredient with which honey could be adulterated and not be detected by any person in a moment. Let it be remembered that pure honey in perfect condition, varies greatly, according to the season, soil, latitude and kinds of flowers from which it is gathered. There are as many different colors and flavors of honey as there are climates, different soils, seasons and varieties of flowers. Pure honey will granulate or ' candy ' as it is often termed, that is solidify, after be- ing exposed to a cold temperature for a cer- tain length of time. This is true of all pure honey with the exception of some produced in a few localities in the United States. That which is properly handled, both during its production and afterwards, will granu- late tine, looking more like lard than lump sugar. This fine, silky, granulated honey is most delicious. While the coarse is ac- ceptable to but few persons, the fine gran- ulated is preferred by many to that in the liquid state. However, those who prefer their honey liquid, can, after it granulates, very quickly bring it back to the clear liquid state, where it will remain longer than be- fore. The receptacle holding the honey should be placed in a larger one tilled with water so that the water will come under the bottom and around the sides of the recep- tacle holding the honey, when the water may be heated gradually, and after the honey is found to be liquid it can be set away to cool, in which case no change of quality or '•olor will be perceptible. If the receptacle be glass, of course the whole must be heated slowly so as not to crack the glass. It is a well known fact that the chemical constituents of the stomachs of many per- sons are such that they are said to have an idiosyncrasy in respect to certain kinds of food, containing chemical elements wholly obnoxious to those of the stomach. There are many persons who will become deathly sick upon swallowing a single teaspoonful of tomato. Perhaps there are more persons who possess an idiosyncrasy regarding honey than any other one article of food. This is no argument against the nutritious and wholesome nature of the food, as one mierht at first suppose, because if so, the word idi- osyncrasy would never have been used. There is, however, an easy way for those whose stomachs possess this antipathy against honey to completely overcome it. Heat the honey in the same manner describ- ed above for rendering it clear from the granulated state, and after it is cool, begin by taking a few drops at a time and increas- ing the quantity slowly, when the idiosyn- crasy above referred to will all pass away, and the person formerly suffering from it will find that he can eat any kind of honey, and any quantity of it, with perfect impun- ity, receiving the best results from such con- sumption. It is only about one person in five hundred, however, who is so afflicted. The above well-known scientific facts are respectfully submitted by the undersigned, who is prepared to supply all with honey of the best quality, and at a reasonable price. " ADVERTISEMENTS If the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former by raising . his journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say *' I saw your ad in the Review." New and second hand FOUNDATION MILLS for sale, cheap, ^'andervort, Dun- ham, Pelham and Root mills, all at your oivn price ! Write, stating what you want. LEAHY M'F'G CO., Higginsyille, Mo. 4-96-6t Please mention the Rsuieui. I'niL ulLK-KJLEPERS REVlJiJW. 131 SECTIONS, SEE ilVES AND SHIPPING CASES. We make a Specialty of these (roods and defy Competition in QXJA.L.ITY', 'WOK/IClwI.A.lsrSKIF' and FK,ICE3S. l^^ Write for free illuetratod CataloRue and Price List. 7-95-tf G. B. liEWlS CO., WateFtoujn, Wisconsin. fflutti's ::: lEY EXTRACTOR PKRFKCTION >ld-Blast Smokers Squzire 6l2kss Hopey J^r^,, Etc. For Circulars, apply to ('has. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman & ('entral Aves., Cincinnati, O. SendlOc. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers. J-94-tf. PlensK Mention the Review. — If you wish the best, low-dprice — TYPE - WRITER. Write to the editor of the Review. He has nn Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. f^ /\ lyi r^ /\ r^ Bee - Keepers, save ^\/^'VO/n^ freight by buying supplies of Henry L. Miller, (successor to Miller & Dunham) Topeka, Kan. Write for catalogue, also free copy of his t)a- per the RURAL. KANSAN- about Bees, Horticulture, Poultry, Live Stock, The Home, etc. Please mention the rievlew. Potatoes Polaris, a fine early po. fato. Beauty of He- bron, Green Mountain, *«ii»*»«"««<»««*«". ».«.«*' a very tine iate potato, yi.'jri per bbl. of li pecks. CataloKue, doticribing 20 newest and best vai intses, free 2 % tf J, P. A\ICHAEU, Gr99nviil9, Ohio. please mention the Reuiew. A O ji fy To uiy customers and friends : I a\ vl v\ Please remember that W H. I 11 ■/ II Laws is again headquarters for Italian queens. 1 breed nothing but lar^ie, well-developed queens, either Golden or Lpathnr-coJ" red. My Golden strain is from Doolittle's ol-iginal ONE HUNDRED DOLLAR QUEEN senr me after he had reared over l.OtX) queens from her. For busiuees and beauty, my bees are unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for »4..50. Tisted, $1.2.i. Breeders, %-l to $4. Ad- dress 4 9.=)-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark. W. H. BRIGHT'S CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing needed in tlie ajjiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec- tions, spraying pumps and Brighfs comb foun- dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one fiee. WM. H. BRIGHT, l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn. Foundation 81 Sections. ^ For several years the local supply dealer of this place has taken and sold to surrounding bee keepers any supplies that I have taken in ex- change for advertising. The last two seasons have been poor, and sec- tions and foundation have accumulated to such an extent that, consid- ering the uncertainties of the future, I think it advisable to offer these goods to the wider circle of customers thut iniy be found throu<^li the columns of the Re- view. The following is a list of what I have atul the prices at which they will be sold. Dis- counts, according to quantity, on more than 1, 000 sections or 10 lbs. fdn. Write about it. r 1 SECTIONS. 7,000 G. B. Lewis Co. at f2..50 ppr 1,000. 1(),0(X».J, Forncrook .^ Co.. at «2.,50 per 1,000. S.OOO Page & Keith at It.'A) per 1,000. .3.000 O. H. Townnend at $2. .50 per 1,000. l.O(K) Root, at $2 'M. S.OCO Berlin Heights at $2.2.') per 1.000. • .5,000.1. M. Kinzip, at »2.-J5. i; All the sections are 4kj x 4'4 x 7-to-the-foot. 5 FOUNDATION. 5 48 lbs. W. J. Finch, thin for surplus atSOcts. 5 7 lbs. Hunt, thin for surplus, at .iOcts. i 101-4 lb-. VanDeupen, thin for t-urplus, at 50 cts. « 24J4 lbs Dadant, thin for surplus, at .50 cts. m. Z, HQTGHinSOn, Flint, Michigan. 132 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. «'«,^R«'«ir«ii^it»ir I Queens \ cost no \ J m o r e t 5 than those of which <^ne - half turn out hy- ; 5 brids, which is often the case, as many pur- J 5 chasers know to their sorrow. Last year, ; S 99 per f ent of my queens proved purely ma- J ; ted. They are large, beautiful, Golden Ital- l! i ians, bred for business as well as color, and t { my prices in April and May are as follows : t ; Untested, but WARRANTED PURELY ' ^ MATED, 80 cts. each ; 6 for $4.50. Tested, \ S $100; good breeders, $2.50; extra, select, .' * straight 5-banded, breeding queen, $4 00. To i ' a new customer I will send one warranted t I queen for 60 cts. Safe arrival guaranteed. » ; E. A. SEELEY, Bloomer, Ark. 2 } ( Money order office, Lavaca. Ark.) J 496-2t Please mention the Review. Red Glover Queens. It has long been my aim to get bees that would work on red clover, and I now have 100 colonies of large, beautiful Italians that work well on red clover, and stored a nice lot of surplus from this source last year. I can furnish untested queens at 65 cts., or two for $1.25. Warranted queees, SOctseach.ortwoforSl 50. Tested, $1.25. Select tested, |2.00. Perfect satisfaction guar- anteed. ('. M. HICKS, 4.96.tf. ITiuksville, Md. Afuoe: invntiun the Rei/ieui. don, Wis , operates two sawmills ihat cut, annually, eight million feet of lum- ber, thus securing the besf lumber at the lowest pr ce for the manufarture of bee- keepers' supplies. They have also just completed one of the L2vr5iest Fzvctories, and have the latest and most impioved machinery tor the manufacture of B»e- Hives, Sections, etc. that there is in the State. Tlie material is cnt from pat- terns, by machinery, and is absf»lntely accurate. For sections, the clearest and Whitest BE^jjwood is used, and they are polished on both sides. Nearness to pine and basswood forests, and possession of mills and fac- tory equiped with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the best goods at Lowest Prices. j-i- it has a job lot of 200,000 No. 2 sections that will be sold at 50 cts per 1.000. or 2,000 snow - white sections will be sold for S4.00. and larger quantities at still lower prices. Send for circular and see the prices on a full line of supplies. Please mention the Review. 5A11EKSSEEDS Over 850,000 Farmers, Market Gardeners and .♦^'ti- ZfiiHiittesttothe superiority of SALZER'S SEEDS. We are the only 8oe<1«niei" tn Amerli-u malvicii; a »pofi:r)y of t'ariu seeds, and arc (tie Inre:e«f erowera of 0;i!r», Whe;it. Pot a(0'. s iM ..".0 a bl>l.. liJrnss'.'s, Clovers. Fodder I'lantH, etc., in the woL-ld. 1,000,000 rose;^, Plants and Sm^II Fruits. VEGETABIiES. Kiiormons Stocf.H, Korthcrn Grown (Buion Seed only 90c. Der pi uikI. All prices low. K6 PI.KS. KarlicKt A eKctn,. blew, postpaid, ^1 ; 10 pKgs. Flower Seeds, !ioe. M:iniinotli Catuloi; and 10 pUes. (Jrsiinsnnd tJnis-iM lOe. Catalog free for 5c. pcstase* JQH N 7VJS/U:f Ei^ see Dh^CQ, NEW YORK QUEENS. " Favor is Deceitful ; Beauty is Vain."' The beautiful yellow bees are gf)ing. Let them go. 1 have a strain of bees that are hardv and pro- lific, and remarkable for their longevity, besides capr>ing their honey the whitest of any. They are the coming bees for our Northern climate. I also have an apiary of golden Italians, and from June, through tlie season can furnish un- tested queens of either variety at 75 cts. each. Tested, $1.00. Mrs OLIVER (OLE, 4 56 St. Sherburne, N. Y. ^•aMMMMM^MMWiiUiiiMUMIM^it^^aMMUME, The reason that qu'^en breeders are often so far bell nd wi'h orders is they don't have enough nuclei. I shall not do business in that way. Just as soon as the weather will permit I shall start 300 nuclei, and, if necessary, the number will be increased to 500. I have taken for my motto. mitMmmi-jfMU^'aaiiamniBim'PiPimmmMMMmG IIYRETUBN IfllllL,"! aSHBEJBBBHERPSBEHBClFiBPiBEBBJBE! m \s M And I am determined to live up to it. I B! i3 have both the Golden and the leather fei a colored Italians, but they are kept in B iSI separate yards— completely isolated. I E a have some very fine breeding queens di- E! 3! rect from Italy. I use the D.>olittle E! 3 method of queen rearing which is un- li a surpassed for producing fine queens. B g Prices are as follows : Untested. 75 cts Kii a each ; one doz , $6.(X1 ; tested, $1.W), one Q a doz., $S 00; select tested, $1 50; one doz.. Q a $15.00; breeding queens, the very best lb! a imported, $5(10; fair imported (jueens, C a $3.00. F. A. CROWELL, fc" a 4 9t;-t;t (irauger, Minn. Kij a Q aEiE]P5]^^E3BBBI!t prove s itisfactory will be re- placed free of charge. JOS. ERWAY, 4 96-tf. Havanna, N.Y. Please mention the Reuiew. f Are usually sdd for $8.00. I will explain why I wish to s^ell a few at less than that. As mf ist of my readers know, I re-queen my n|)iary e.-ich spring with yrice $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood. ebony frojj:, lined, inlaid I pearl lined dot) pearl lined slide, (iermau silver shield, ebony screw-head, (jerman silver ferules, and i)earl dot in the em I. price $2.50 The case is wood with curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hoMk^. and handles and lock, price $150. Th s mikes the entire outfit worth an even $20 00. It is ex- actly tU<* same kiad of an outfit tint my dau,'h- ter has beeu using the past year with rho best of sitisfaction to herself and t'^acliers. Her violi i has a more p )worfnl, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times a* much. I wish to sell this outfit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey inpayment, the bilancecash. It will be sent on a five fiays' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. Ready to Mail^ Choice, Italian queens at $1.00 each. They were reared in the fall of 1S9,5 and are vigorous and healthy. Untested queens, 7.5 cts., or $8.00 per dozen. Safe arrival and satisfaction guar- anteed. Send for price list. SHAW & (-0., 4-96-tf. Loreauville, La. Please mention the Reuiew. Leininger Bros., Ft. Jennings, Ohio, have nnn n l ..' devoted to queen rearing. .lllll liflinniPQ They can furnish either UUU UUIUIIIuO Golden or imported stock, kept pure, as they have AWAY UP Two Apiaries 500 Nuclei, They are going to sell two - frame, with choice queen, at $2.50 each. Spe cial prices on large orders. Send for catalogue and see their prices. 4-96-3t Please mention the Reuiew, GOOD iT»ii*H QUEENS .\re my speciality. My breeders are selected from colonies in my comb honey yard, when the best stock is always selected by actual work done in the supers. No other qualtity in bees pleases me so well as the ability to fill the sections with honev. Choice queens frmi this yard bv RETURN M.\IL after May 15, $1.00 each; 3 for $2 50. Two-Frame Nuclei, with untested queens, good combs, well filled with brood, after June Ist, $2.50 each. Orders booked and filled in rotation. Reference, the Marshall National Bank. 4-96-tf E. F. QUKtHLEY, Unionville, Mo. P/ea?" mention *he Review. ^Bp In-the Northeastern part of the U.S. ^M lives a man who, in a quiet way, 'is ■■ doing a snug little business making ■ I bee-keeping supplies. He has a saw I E,_ mill of his own widch enables him to ' got the best lumber at the lowest price. The four-pioi-e, dovetailed, white pop- lar sections ^eenl to bo something of a specialty as he shipped over 200,000 during the first six weeks of 1896. In some instances he can furnish thi'm MS low as $2.00 per thousand. He also miikes Hives. Foundation, Smokers, Wax Ex- tractors, etc. Dealers and others should send for a price list to W. H. WORTOIH, Skowhegan, Me. MURDERED! Wo have killed high prices. Give us a trial order and be convinced that good untested queens can be reared for 50 cts. each. Tested, 75 cts Golden Italians, three -banded Italians and Silver - gray Carniolans, all at these prices. Best of of references triven 4.96. tf C. B. BANKSTON, Chriesman.Tex. All bee keepers — int ^^ GOOD QUEENS, and bees that are GOOD WORKERS, and if they are also gentle and beautiful, so much the better. My Golden Italians "fill the bill." In 1894 this part of Florida had ab-gflow of honey and the three apiaries giving the lar- gest average yield were largely supplied. oi:e en- tirely so, with queens of my rearing. The apia- ries varied in size from 34 to U6 colonies. Being on a main R. R,, and sending queens by retdrn MAIL, I can get your queens to you quickly. War- ranted queens, in May, 75 cts. each ; 6 for $4 00; 12 for $7.50. In June, 6 for $3.75; 12 for $6.75. Safe arrival guaranteed. Ciac61ar free. 1-96-tf J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Vol. Co., Fla. ^ - - I m a " E ia TYPE WRITTEN. »a BEBEPSBBEliSBISBISElBBEEllHBElEEiBC I Names of Bee - Keepers. The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have beeu saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number of names in a certain state, or states, will be an- swered cheerfully. The former price was $2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. 136 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. »:••• .•:••• .•:••• .•:••. .•:••• .•:••. .•:••• .•:••• .•:•'• •:•*• .•:•'• •: •• •:••• •? i?l7ase Bro5. piapo ?o.,| /T\ai)ufa<;turers of ^^^/^SE Bi^05. a[>d ^^/^TOEr pi/^I^OS! Buy Direct apd 5aue Dealers' profits apd !•;;■ l|J p^epts' (^mfnissioQS. i*iv: I Muskegon, Chicago, S II Mich. Illinois. *ii I MAY, 1896. At Fliqt, Micl^igaq. — Oqe Dollar a Year. 138 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViJuW, flDVEt^TISlHG f^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : Ou 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On .SO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Liist. I will send the Review with— Gleanings, ($1.00) American Bee Journal ( 1.00) Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00) American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50) Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50) ...$'.75, ,.. 1.75. ... 1.75. . .. 1.40. ... 1.35. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is there will be " fancy white," "No. 1 dark," etc. BUFFALO. N. Y.- Trade is very dull; and such stock as is in the market is hard to move. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 14 to 15; No. 1. white, 12 to 13; fancy dark 8 to 9; No, 1. dark, 6 to 7 ; beeswax, 25 to 28. BATTERSON & CO , Apr. 11. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn.-Strictly fancy white honey is being sold as low as 13 cents ; choice white, 11; fancy dark, 10; choice dark, S'/i ; strained honey, California, 5 ; strained honey. Eastern, 6 ; beeswax 30 cents. J. A. SHEA & CO., 116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Mar. 30, KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows: No. . white, 13 to 14; No. 1. amber, 11 to 12; No. 1 dark, 8 to 10 ; white extracted, 5^^ to 6 ; amber. 5 to 554 ; dark, 4 ; beeswax, 20 to 25. Apr. 14. C. C. CLEMONS CO., 521 Walnut St. Kansas City Mo. NEW YORK N. Y.-White comb honey is in fair demand. Very little call for buckwheat. Extracted of all kinds is very quiet. We quote as follows. Fancy white, 14; No. 1 white, 12; Fancy Amber, 11 ; No. 1 Amber, 10: Fancy dark, 9 ; No. 1 dark. 8 ; White extracted, 5% to 6 ; Am- ber, 5 to 514 ; Dark, Southern, 50 to 55 per gal. Beeswax, 30. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, Apr. 13. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. CHICAGO, III.— Th"^ season for sale of comb honey is now at an end. and only a cas'=» or so will be taken for colds, and by enthusiasts on honey as a food ( of whom there are too few. ) We quote as follows; Fancy white, 15; No. 1 white, 12 to 13 ; Fancy amber 10 to 11 ; No. 1 am- ber, 8 ; Fancy dark, 8 ; No. 1 dark. 7 ; White, ex- tracted, 5 to 7 ; Amber, 4 to 5 ; Dark, 4; Beeswax, 30. R. A. BURNETT & CO., Apr. 11 , 163 So. Water St., Chicago, III. BEESWAX EXTRACTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam . Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. G. FERRIS, 4-96-tf South Columbia. N. Y. Please men. .on the Reuiew. n II Tr -^ little less than a year ago 1 bough t H III r a nice flute, and was making quite I LU I L good headway in learning to play when I was t:^ken sick. Then came Ivy's illness, and it has been months since I have touched the instrument As I look ahead it seems as though the days, for many more months to come, would A II r be so full of work that I shall not NAI 1 have the time for practicing that is UHLLi necessary in order to become a ^ood player. Reluctantly I have decided to sell the flute. It is an eight-keyed instrument of Grenadilla wood, with tuning slide, cork joints, German Silver c ips and trimmings, and embouchure, and cost $15.00. It is put up in a cloth covered box. embossed in gilt, that cost 90 cts. I also have an instrnction book, " Ber- biguier's Method for the Flute, " that cost $3. 00. The book is a little the worse for wear, but it is " all there. " Yes, and there is a cleaner thnt cost 25 cts. The entire outfit cost me a trifle over $19.00, but I will sell it for $10 00 cash, or I would accept $12 00 worth of nice, white ex- tracted honey in exchange for it. FOR W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. Books Closed To July 15th. My strain of bees gave such universal satisfac- tion last year that I have already enough orders booked for full colonies, nuclei and queens to keep me busy until the middle of July; hence, those sending in orders now should remember that their orders cannot bo filled until after that date, but will be booked aud filled in turn. Wm. A. SELSEB, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. -(§) anse It: '^k^^TZLtUl^Q P;^>:?:if^,tgt'c^^U^('> pages ). The T. W. pALiCOflER JVI'pG CO., Jamestown, N. Y. A\y Golcleo Itailieio Queers, Brod for business and lie.auty can he furnislied at tlio followins pricts. before .Juno 1st., nn- tpsted queeus, $1.00 pach ; tested, $1.50. After .June 1st, untested, 7r» cts. ; tested, $1.(H). Se lectod.for breeding, $3.00; the very best. S5. 01). Price list free. Remit by P. O. or Express mon oy order, or by resistered letter. W. H. WHITE, *2-96 tf Blossom, Lamar ('o. Tex. Plenfte mrntiun the Reuipw JOHN F. STRATTON'S CEi,EBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 811. 813. 815, 817 East 9th St, . New York. ITAliAN OUEENSlNDlUPmES FOK, 1896- Before you purchase, look to your interest, and send for catalogue and price list. J. P. H. BROWN, 1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia. BARGAINS! We have made a great hedi ction in DoVtTAILKD ^ HivKs and Sections Will give you a B VKOAIN in apiarian supplies. State what you need and how much. Tlie A. I. Root ("o.'s make of goods kept in stock. 36-page Catalog free. JNO. NEBEi^&SON 3-'J6-tf High Hill, Mo. P/f ention the Reuii Barnes' Foot and Hand Power Wood Working Machinery This cut shows our new Circular Saw, the strong-est and best machine of its kind ever made. Catalo^'-ue and Price list free on application. W.F.& JNO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 142 THE BEE-KEEPKRS' REV1L\)^ \ DADANT'S FOUNDATION BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Hrts uo superior because it is made in tlie best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from whicli all foreign substances, such as jiollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreit'n matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed (() be equal to the sample whifh will be sent upon application. LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and nther Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. DADANT & SOU, HailliltOn, IIIS. ^ '^1 ln»|i 4-96-l2t Phase mention the. Reuiev. ^^^^^— ^ i^- POUDER'S HONEY JARS, IJoautifnl, Accurate and Cheap. The trade supplied. Bee Supplies; Rotit's Koodg at Root's prices and the best sliip- pinff iifiint in the country. Write for prices. WALTER S. POl'DER, 1 95 I2t IndianHpolis, Ind. Pleasi' mention IhL' Hcu.eui. Ilinstraiefl AdYeitlsemenls Attract Attention. cms Fiirnlslied for all illustrating Purposes. Warranted Purely Mated Golden, Italian Qneens bred from a queen test- ed and seitcted by Doolittle, foi- IiIk ><\\n ijri- vate use, out of l.UOO queens, and vidued at Single queen. 75 cts, ; s'x f cts. ; six for $2.7o; or $5 00 per dozen. Leather - colon d queens from Rooi'sbest imported stock, wlien on hand, i-ame price as above. 5 Pti :f H. G. QUIRIN, Bellevue Ohio. Pieme mention the Reuieui. $50. B «^'».»'» »^ •"■».»»"'« "■» Italian Bees i ll/>'».»1l.»* •« li.»»»'»,«^»K ami Oiieeiif;. Untested, fl.on, <* W "* GforSSO ; tested .2.5 ; 0 for f ti.OO ; ^ bees by the lb., g $1.00; full colonies, Stj.OO; nuclei, 2 - frames ! with queen, f 2.r)0 : 1-fra" e. «2.0t). ; Barred and White Plymouth Rock Eggs ' $1.00 for 15 ; Bronze Turkey Eggs, $2 00 per ' sitting. Mrs. A. A. SIMPSON. i 3 9f>-4t Swart 8, Green Co.. Pa. Please mention the Review. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. Headj^ to Mail^ Choice, Italian queens at $1.00 each. They were reared in the fall of 1895 and are vigorous and healthy. Untested queens, 75 cts., or $8.00 per dozen. Safe arrival and satisfaction guar- anteed. Send for price list. SHAW & CO., 4-%-tf. Loreauville, La. P/euse nie.'ition the Reuieui. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of (blTcrent styles and sizes, made by C. W. Costcllow, and I should bo pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. HuTOHiKSON, Flint, Mich. The Southland Oueen. You ought to know what you are missing, by not roaduig the Southlanil Queen, the otdy bee- journal published in the south, and the only Dee keepers' school known is t.'iught through its columns by that WORLD RENOWNED teacher Mrs. Jennie Atchley. How to raise queens, bees and honey, and in fact how to make bee-keep- ing a success is taught in the school. One sin- gle copy is worth more to beginners than the subscription price for a year, $1.00. A steam I oe-i'ive factory, and all bee-supplies. You ali know where to make arrangements for your queens and bees for 'i>i5. If you don't, send to us for a free catalog, that tells all about queen roaring, and a samide journal. THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO., 12-95-tf Beeville, Bee Co. Texas Xiio BKJL-tCt:EPJERS' REVIEW. 143 JOHN F. STRATTOIM'S Celebrated Band Instruments ALSO DRUMS, FIFES, Piccolos and Band Supplies. Seiulfor JOHN F. STRATTON Catalogue. 8 1 1 , 8 1 3, 8 1 6, 8 1 7 E. 9th St.. N.Y. Bees Scooped ! «*:' +-+- 1 liavo at last succeeded in buying all the hoes within 2*^ miles of my homo apiary, except five colonies, and these I have Italianized and have permission to control their drones. This 7)rac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty years" experience in breeding and ox|)erimonting \\i\\\ Italian (iiteeusand bees, and 1 now breed "fdi- business" from my own importations and l)oo little's "Best." Pooi- stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single story, S-franie, D. 'IV hive, $6.0(); 5 colonies, $27. '■)0 ; Kl colonies. $.50.00; one frame micleus, fl.ru; two fnuiie. $1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested • I i^ci. :'2.00. Select tested (ineen. «;i (10. After May 1st, one tested (jueen. |l TiO; 3f(.r$4.0O: ti for $7 ."iO ; select tested, $2 50. UntestiHl queens as early as the season will permit of their being reared, one for 81 00; -i for $2.25; 6 for $4 00; 12 for 8(3 75. I have over 100 tested queens reared last summer anrl fall that will be taken from full colonies to fill extra early orders. (Contracts for hybrid and black bees in quan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with tested or untested Italian queens on reason- able terms. ; 95 12 JOHM A\. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury ('o., Tenn. PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. Ttiiii, Flat Bottom Foniidatioii HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Being the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN DKUSKN & SON.S, (SOLE manufacturers), 3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co., N.Y " The bee business, like any other busness, needs close attention, and if pursued with in- telligence, will yield the very nicest sweets that a kind Father has seen fit to bestow upon His creation. So to ttie people who would obtain some of these tweets, is this bofik respectfully dedicated by THE AUTHOR. " The above is from the AMATEUR BEE- KEEP- ER, a 70. page book for begianers ; price 25l\ by mail 28c. The Amateur Bee Keeper aud the Prouui'SSive Bee-Keepeu ( a monthly journal) one year, postpaimetimes surrounding objects were spotted slightly. Nevertheless both the colonies in L mgstroth hives died about the middle of March and one of those in Heddon hives early in April, leaving plenty of stores and showing moderate evidence of dysentery. The two other colonies came through in good condition every way. This raises the question whether it is true that frequent flights prevent disastrous results from dysentery during the wit.ter months, aud also whether it is not worth while to inquire whether hives composed of two shallow sections are not better for the wintering of bees than hives with frames no deeper even than the Langstroth. The five hives in question were weighed on the 2l'>th of November, at the time the rest of my beas ware placed in the cellar, for the sake of making a cou.parison of the amount of stores consumed by bees winter- ed out of doors with that consumed by those in the cellar. They were weighed again the 14th of April when those taken from th) cellar were re-weighed. The bees 140 TBE Bt:t:-KEEPERS REVIE'^o, left in the hives in which the colonies had perished were not removed before weighing and the extra amount of bees lost from them outside the hives was considered to compensate for the deficiency in the amount of stores consumed. The following figures show the result of the weighing and the amount of stores consumed. Wt Nov 26, Apr 14. Loss in wt. 63 \1% 15J4 L. fr's, died in Marcli. 46 29-M 16)^ L. fr's, died in March. 54J4 3614 18 Hed. h'v, died in Ann. 67 48?ci 18U Hed. h'v, alive in Apr. 74 51M ^2M " Total consumption 90J4 Average 18 1 20 (Jf the colonies weighed when they were put into the cellar Nov. 2(!th six were select- ed for this comparison as being fairly equal in strength and prosperity to the five already considered. Their weights and consumption of stores were as follows : Wt Nov 26, Apr 14. Loss in wt. 62?4 521^ 1014 6214 5i W4. 5514 47% m 58 48I4 9% 39% 33 M 6 49% 37}^ 12 V Total consumption 53k Average 8.875 which show a consumption of less than one half by those wintered in the cellar as com- pared with those wintered outside, effecting a saving of more than nine pounds per col- ony, the exact amouut saved being '.).17;") on each colony. This with the much greater security afforded would seem a sufficiently strong incentive for the housing of bees during winter. Six other colonies wintered in the cellar were weighed in like manner but are not used for compairpon because they were be- low the average in strength having been treated for foul brood rather late last season, but as they wintered excellently I give the results here to show how small an amount of honey colonies may require during the winter if well housed. The first two were in two story Heddon hives and the others were each in a single story. Wt.Nov. 26, Apr. 14. Loss in wt. 37 14 29^ lU 35% 30 5% 30^ 24 6^ 26^ 20^ m 29^ 25 i% 30^ 2314 6% Tdtal consumption 37K. Average 6>4 The bees in my cellar wintered exception- ally well — better I think than they ever did before except when they had sugar stores. Outof about 1201 lost three apparently from dysentery all the rest except one or two are in excellent heart. They were unusually quiet during the winter as well as while they were being carried out. I cannot be certain of the exact cause of this but I surmise that it was the manner in which they were treated. Contrary to what had been the case be- fore, during the past winter the cistern in the cellar was allowed to contain no water, but the hydrometer kept in the cellar indicated the same degree of moisture as during the preceeding winter — about !)5 per cent, al- most complete saturation, bat I do not think now any of these conditions had any- thing at all to do with the well being of the bees. This raises the question of the agency of moisture in causing dysentery, but when bees winter almost perfectly in an atmosphere well nigh surcharged with moisture it furnishes very satisfactory evi- dence to me that moisture in itself is not the cause of ill wintering. Another point in which the bees received somewhat different treatment was in the amount of disturbance they were subject to from frequent visits with a light. Previous- ly they had been visited freely without any compunctions and disturbed by lifting covers etc. while during the past winter visits were as infrequent and as brief as the require- ments of my experiments permitted I have always been persuaded that such visits and consequent disturbances were not specially harmful and I am not as yet disturbed in that opinion by this last experience. Still another point is that in former win- ters I had clung to a habit which took its rise when my cellar was overcharged with bees which had a tendency to cause the tem- perature to rise to a higher point than was to my liking, on account of which I fell into the practise at such times of opening a door or window of a night to let the temperature of the cellar run down, and as this seemed to have a quieting effect I naturally thought it was a good one, but on considering the debilitated state in which many of the weaker colonies came out of winter quarters I began to question it, and during the past winter no outside door or window was open- ed from the time the last of the bees were put into the cellar till the day the first were taken out, and the inner door only when it ±iJ, of the parent colony, giving it a comb of brood. At evening I return the q'leen, arid two d lys later remove the new colony to some stand at a distance of several feet. The return of the queen places the parent stock in an abnormal condition, aud the queen is allowed to destroy the cells. The returning bees strengthen the colony to its full working capacity ; and in the majority of instances the bees decide that they have fulfilled their desires, and before ^warming coiditioQs and impjlses are again liable, the queen is crowded for room and the swarming fever is over for the season. The bees of the new swarm that remain with the comb of brood may be strengthen- ed to make a colony, or united with one that is weak. HOWARDSVILLE, Va. April, 23, 18%. The Rauchfuss CombiEed Section Press and Foundation Fastener. F. L. THOMPSON. TN the March Progressive, Mr. R. C. Aikin, i after describing what seems to be an ex- cellent machine, says, "The correct princi- ple is to set the starter in melted wax, for then the starter lias its whole strength at the point of contact, and the melted wax goes into the pores of the wood to stay. " After putting up .500 sections with a com'nned machine invented by Mr. H. Rauchfuss of this State, I have been led to wonder whether the foregoing is the only correct principle, or, indeed the most correct one. If merely the wax melted at the edge of a piece of foundation is enough to hold it so that it will tear every time rather than sep- arate from the wood, nothing more can be desired ; and this plan has the advantages that foundation is savtd by melting the least possible amount, that it cools instant- ly, aud the titiished honey, when cut from the section, will present a more delicate appearenceat the top. There is no doubt that the Rauchfuss machii e does tliis. Foundation fastened by it not only sticks, but will tear sooner than peel or crack off. Mr. W. L. Porter last year hauled several thousand sections, con- taining full sheets fastened by this machine to out-apiaries without one breaking down. At the same time so little wax is used that the foundation at the first glance appears to be resting ou the wood. As to the theory, the wax at the extreme edge of the founda- tion is heated to a high degree, and if then applied instantly to the wood, it grips the fibres as completely as desired. All that is needed is to give the line of contact more strength tlian the rest of the sheet. To add the surrounding territory is superfluous. The vertical position of the foundation against a guide-block in combination with a strong spring which gets the hot plate out of the way as quick as a flash when the foot slides ofif the end of the treadle, mate- rially assists this instantaneous contact in the Rauchfuss machine. Previous to this, just a touch to the hot plate is sufficient to melt ofif enough and to heat it high enough. The faster the machine is worked the better, as the rigidity of the sheets favors instanta- neous contact. It does not require a tem- perature uncomfortable to the operator. The small quantity of wax melted is cool enough to support the foundation quicker than the section can possibly be turned over. From what has been said, it is evident that the speed of this machine is equal or superior to any other. The folding part takes almost no extra time. In folding, and in putting in both full sheets and bottom starters, and putting the sections in the supers, I attained a speed of 180 an hour in my first attempt. With top foundation alone, I suppose the speed would have been nearly double. But even at this rate it was a comfort to see the pile of empty supers melting away, compared with their insistence in holding out when under the sway of the Parker foundation fastener. I am some- what bulter-finf;ered anj how, ntver liavirg had any practice in piece-work. An expert could do far better. I did not break a single section out of the .'iOO, though hither- to in putting up that number I have always managed to break a few. The machine is all metal, except the guide block and treadle, very simply con- structed and ought to last a lifetime. After this practical demonstration of the utility of a combined machine, in using which sections are handled but once, I fail iBL BEJ£-kE£PEltS ■ RfilVlEW. \U to understand how two separate machiues cau do better, unless comparod with some combined machine that worlis very differ- ently from the way this one does. It is like finding a secret room in a house — there are so many feet that must be accounted for. If each part of the operation is i-ei formed as fast, and as perfectly, and as handily as the nature of the work allows when done sepa- rately, and if in addition all is done simullR- neously that can be done, the o ily reason that can be assigned for a preference for two ma- chines is that the operator has long been familiar with them, and in his uufamiliar- ity with the combined machine jumps to a conclusion. Equal familiarity with both can lead to but one verdict. The fact that in using separate machiues the sections have to be handled once more cannot be got around. Those bee-keepers who use them make a practice of putting up their sections some time ahead of when they are wanted. But neither the sections nor the foundation are quite as nice after standing awhile ex- posed to the air before being used. I notice that some still prefer the Parker. Evidently what other machines they have tried, if any, were poor ones. Not that the Parker is not good as far as it goes. But it is not smited to the progressive specialist. One writer even calls it " fast, " I suppose from the same standpoint from which an ant could be said to run fast. It does not convince to be told how many sections have been operated by the Parker in a day ; for the ratio of speed between it and the other machines remains the same. The same nimbleness put on both, by the same opera- tor, is what tells the tale. The Parker wastes foundation, and to do its best work has to be operated in a sweltering atmosphere, but it often has to be operated when the con- ditions are not just right, with ineffective work for the result ; and when they are just right for the machine, they are decidely wrong for handling full sheets properly. The argument of ••ch<3ap labor" will not hold here, either, as the Rauchfass machine can be operated by a child or experienced person, the only requisite being nimbleness which is soon acquired. This argument could never be of general application, any- how, for the majority of bee-keepers prefer to do their work themselves. Aevada, Colo. April 16, 1896. Horizontal Wiring That Will not Sap. E. A. DAOOITT. iTULTHOUGHI xl have proba- bly tried every method of wiring frames that I have heard of, none proved entirely satisfactory un- til I tried the method described in this article. Per pen di cular wiring is apt 1o spring the bottom bars of the frames, and the strain that does this, draws down on the top bars, and when the combs are filled with honey the added weight on these bars renders them more liable to sag. The other kinds of wiring allow the foun- dation to sag and bulge, making uneven combs when finished. Plain horizontal wir- ing would be best if the wires would not sag and swing sidewise. I remedy this defect sufficiently well for all practical purposes by threading the wires tiirough loops in a cen- tral wire support strung from the top bar to the bottom bar of each frame. To make this support, drive into a strip of wood a row of % inch wire nails equal to the number of wires in each frame. Place the nails 1 16 of an inch closer than the wires are to be apart, and cut off their heads allowing them to project about :^-16 of an inch. File the ends smooth so that the loops will slip off easily. Drive another small wire nail in the strip of wood at one end of the row of nails, in line with it, and about the same distance from the first nail as the top bars will be from the first wires. The head is to be left on this nail and one end of a wire of the same size as is used for wir- ing the frames is to be permanently attach- ed to the nail. Grasp the strip in one hand and with the other draw the wire tightly and bring it down and around the first nail. Pass it down and around the next nail and so on until it is wound around the last one, then cut off a couple of inches below the latter. The loops are to be removed from the wires with the thumb nail in the inverse order that they are put on. Now pull out the nail to which the wire is attached and drive it into the under side of the top bar at the center. Pass the lower 152 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIJS^W. end of the supf)ort through a hole in the center of the bottom bar and yive the end a couple of winds around a nail to temporari- ly hold it. Next wire the frame?, passing the wires through the loops of the supports as well as through the holes in the uprights of the frames. Put the frames in - square, if out of it, and remove the end of the sup- port from the nail. Draw the support tight enough to align the loops, and after they are aligned draw the support tight enough so that the loops will grasp the wires tightly, slack the support to the proper tension, wind the end around the nail, drive the nail in and the work is done. Two or more supports can be used if desired, but one seems to be sufficient. VV'hen the fou dation is put in it sliould be well attached to the top bar. I put four horizontal wires in a frame of the same depth as the Langstroth frame, putting the bottom one ;',i inches from the bottom bar and each two inches apart. White House Sta. N. J. Apr. 20, 18(jG. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. The Bee-Keepeks' Record. — John Walton has struck the same device for watering bees as that mentioned on page oil!) of the Review for outside feeding, except that instead of placing a trough under a leaking faucet, he uses a piece of sacking spread over a board. This method ought to run Dr. Miller's " finality " a close second. " I am confident that many colonies are lost by rapidly feeding at a later date than August, simply because feeding is put off until the bee-keeper finds the stores of his stocks in such an Impoverished condition that he puts on a rapid feeder at once, and by so doing in many cases destroys any chance of his bees making headway the fol- lowing spring. " — W. B. Webster. If the editor will allow a" home note" here, Mr. R. L. Taylor's theory on page 44, that it is not easy to change the characteris- tics of the worker bee by the selection of queens and drones, — even if it is the quiutes- sence of common sense, calls for the obivous, if shallow, reply ; for in its present shape it means nothing to the average queen- breeder, who is sure to say, first, that breed- ing out the swarming impulse almost alto- gether wonld be practically as good as " alto- gether ; " second, that workers cannot get their special characteristics from any other source than their parents as vehicles, for the production of specially characterized work- ers is a characteristic of queens and drones, just as much as the size of their own bodies ; that the characteristic, through natural selection, determines the modification of the bee of the future, for if the workers of a colony have such characteristics as to be distanced in the struggle for existence, the queen and drone progeny of their queen will either be fewer, or not exist at all ; that the impulse to sting enemies has been con- siderably bred out in some cases, through a seleciion of queens and drones ; that the diffi- culty of understanding how a queen can have a worker for a daughter in one gen eration is all there is to it, but this has nothing to do with breeding ; etc. Of course Mr. Taylor had it all thought out beforehand how this is ninsense. He" thinks. " ( Review for 1893, page 292. ) The Australian Bee-Bulletin. — The Provisional Directors of the proposed Hon- ey Supply Co. have decided to wind up its affairs, as the required number of shares was not applied for. Strange to say, no prop- osition is made for starting again on a smaller scale. La Revue Internationale. — W\ K. Morri- son spaces his frames accurately any desired distance by a fixed strip of tin toothed like a saw, the points of the teeth being V in* apart. He uses a reversible frame. Four screws with projecting arms instead of heads are fixed near each end of both the top and and bottom bars. By turning the arms out, they act as shoulders to suspend the frame ; by turning them in, the bar in which they are is free to become the bottom bar. Prof. Bonnier has proved that honey-dew is often produced without the intervention of insects. With blotting paper, he removed the honey-dew from the leaves observed, aud examined their under surfaces, with a microscope, by reflection, while they were still attached to the tree. Little drops continued to ooze from the stomata, or pores. By covering the branches with net- ting to keep away honey-loving insects, and measuring the quantity exuded at different times and imder different conditions, he found that honey-dew of vegetable origin is produced in the night, attaining its maxi- mum quantity at dawn. That of insect origin is continued through the day and THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 153 slackens during the night. The raoi?t favor- able conditions for the former are cool nights occurring between liDtand dry days; or in other words, moisture and darkness. He made an artificial llow, at a tin « when naturally there was none, by setting branches in water in the dark where the air was saturated with moisture. J. K. Kuntz, who reports the above, adds that heavy flows of honey-dew in his region ( Alsace ) take place at intervals of three to five years. L'Apiculteuu. — Prof. B jnnier, here writ- ing in his own person, besides mentioning some of the above facts, says the bees, while preferring ordinary nectar when they can get it, exercise a choice in gathering honey - dew, generally in favor of that of vegetable origin ; though one instance is cit- ed in which that of insect origin was pre- ferred. This contradicts Vogel's statement at the Vienna convention that no honey-dew is gathered by bees which is not a product of plant-lice. In opposition to the idea that supersedure should be left to the bees, M. Devauchelle gives four cases in his experience in which the bees attempted to raise queens out of season. The " Capuchin " hive, alluded to last mouth, is illustrated. The idea appears to be, not to have several csionies in one hive, but any number of hives which can be put together at pleasure. The hives are really separate ; but each one has a sort; of gallery in the upper part of one of its sides, extend- ing its whole length, apparently two or three inches wide, so that when the hive is placed alongside of another hive ( which presumably has another opening to corres- pond ) there is a closed passage for heat and scent between the two. Something which in the cut looks like wire cloth apparently prevents the bees from access to this gallery. They appear to be "federated" only in the (extracti'ig) supers. The latter are wide enough to cover not only the hives but also the intervals between them, and have remov- able sides, so as to permit of passage from one to the other, making one large super out of whatever number is employed. Leipzigeb Bienenzeitung.— Pastor Fleisch- mann finds in a newspaper the statement that a firm has been established under the title "North German Honey and Wax Works" for the purpose of manufacturing artificial honey out of sugar, honey, and muriatic acid. As this product is with difficulty dis- tinguished from genuine honey, he thinks legal i)rotection necessary. The horse-hair bee-caps ( Review 18i)."), p. 287, ) he says are really veils, wovdn out of horse-hair, very similar to thuse used by oriental women, and "the most comforta- ble thiug in the world. " RriEiNiscHE BiEN NZEiTUNG. — Herr Kiel concludes from his experience that queens of small after-swarms, and those reared uuder the superseding impulse, are fertilized sooner, and are less often lost, than others. As a reason for the latter assertion he refers to the fact that in swarming time there are multitudes of bees flying around the en- trances, so that a queen mcty be easily con- fused. E. Schroeder reports from the Schweizer- isclie Bienenzeitung that a Dr. Pfister has been investigating the possibility of deter- mining tlie source of honey by means of the pollen-grains found in it. In connection with chemical tests and tasting, he consid- ers this test of great value, though not always reliable. The pollen most frequently found was that of the dandelion. Honey from Mexico, Panama and Havana had no dan- delion pollen, but some entirely new pollen- forms from the Mimosae, Euphorbiaciae, .etc. The honey of North America and Chili can scarcely be distinguished from the European. That of Australia shows the pollen of the eucalyptus. MUENCHENER BIENENZEITUNG. — FrOm the Centralblatt is copied the following test for paraflin in wax, given by Prof. Landold : Pour smoking sulphuric acid over a piece of wax about the size of a nut, in a porcelain dish, and heat. The mass swells and turns black, emitting abundant gas. After the production of gas has ceased, heat it a few minutes longer and let it cool. The para- ffin will be found in the form of a transpar- ent layer over the black liquid. Even slight traces will be recognized in the form of drops. L'Apiooltoke. — In the district of Reggio Calabria, Italy, the country people employ but one way of hiving swarms. They at- tract them by bruising the fresh foliage and tender shoots of the " cedro " citrus medica — It has precisely the same effect on the bees as the scent of a queen. The same method is the only one indicated in a work on apiculture by Don Antonio Calabro ( Naples 1837. ) Dr. Martin tells of his suc- cesses with this plant in hiving a swarm in 154 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlE'^i . Reggio Calabria in 1884. When shaking a swarm out of a hiviug-box some lumps of earth which had been in the box unnoticed fell among the bees, scattering the swarm, and making them very cross. Remember- ing what the peasants had told him he at once plucked some of the foliage and tender shoots of a cedro growing near by, rubbed them between his hands, and went among the swarm, now all on the wing. The effect was marvelous. The bees nearby imme- diately converged toward his hands, precise- ly as they do in forming a cluster, and set- tled upon them as if they had been in con- tact with a queen. Moving slowly toward the hive, he threw down the crushed foliage on the alighting-board. The swarm follow- ed, and finally entered the hive, though some bees continued to perch on his hands until he washed them. He has since tried the plan with the foliage and shoots of the lemon, bergamot, orange, mint and other plants, and various aromatic essences, in- cluding that of the cedro, but without suc- cess. He thinks perhaps balm-mint ( me- lissa officinalis ) would do, but has not tried it. ( " Cedro " is variously translated. Per- haps here it means lime-tree. ) This reminds me that I have been told that many years ago, in Ohio, there was a man who used to " charm" bees by a liquor the preparation of which was known only to himself, but was probably prepared from queen-bees. TiDSKKiFT FOE BisKjoTSEL. — Brazil is said to produce much excellent honey, but in one province, Rio Grande, it is sold for only a little over half a cent a pound. Akvada, Colo. April, 4, IHilG. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. ¥. Z. HDTCHIHSON, Editor and Proprietor. Tebms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; live for $4.00 ; ten or more, 70 cents each. If it is clesiretl to have the Revuw stopped at tlie expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued Eight Extra pages again this month. «^«^«^«-««nn FLINT. MICHIGAN, MAY 10. 1896. Advbetising of an inefficient sort has been tritely compared to a ladder not quite long enough to reach to the top of the house. «^«n^»ir«.»n«* Sealed Covers did not give so good re- sults in wintering as did upward ventilation, in som ) experiments made by R. F. Holter- mann. ■^•^^^^••••"jr^ "There is an economy that wastes and a spending that spares. " J. H. Martin has been elected Secretary of the California Bee-I^eepers ' Exchange. It will prove a case of the right man in the right place. Foundation is not needed at all times in the sections, so writes Doolittle in the Pro- gressive, but when starters only are used in the sections, separators are needed. Pkof. a. J. Cook, andR. Mcl^night, have both recently lost by death their dear life- companions. They certainly have the sin- cere sympathy of their many friends. To Complete his file of the Review, a sub- scriber needs the Feb. No. for 1898. Any one having a copy to spare will please write and let me know the price at which it will be sold. Five Banded Bees, according to experi- ments made by Bro. Holterman, are below the average as to wintering qualities, are short lived, prolific, gentle unless queenless, and are inclined to rob. P. H. Elwood, in Gleanings, says that the feeding of sugar as suggested, advised and practiced by Mr. Boardman, would have the effect of throwing hundreds of tons more of honey on the market. That is ex- actly what bee-keepers \ are now needing above all things. In Liquefying honey, Mr. McKnight spoke of liquefying nearly a ton in one day by the use of a wash boiler and a cook stove, Mr. F. L. Thompson thinks that there must be a mistake somewhere. He thinks that one hour for the melting of two (50-lb. cans of honey is too short altogether. TntL Bt^hj-KEEPERS REVIEW, 155 Amalgamation or no amalgamation, it is really folly for us to divide up our money, time and energies between two National organizations. Db. C. C. Miller is now doing more than any one else to bring about a union between the North American and the Bee-Keepers' Union. As soon as somebody brings up an objection he explains it — shows that it isnH an objection, simply a misunderstanding. It is noticeable that a real, valid, reasonable objection has not yet appeared. " Doing Business for fun, " is what the editor of the American Bee-Keeper calls the selling of supplies at the prices at which some are offering them. He says it works well for awhile, but can't last. Bro. Mer- rill is correct. There must be a fair, living profit in all businesses, or they come to an end. Dk. Miller wants me to explain how I can unite weak swarms with those that are stronger, if I do take off the honey boards oftener ^han once in three years, on the average. As a rule, not more than one- fourth of my colonies each year need such treatment. To be honest, I don't believe very much in the uniting of colonies of bees at any time. Much depends, however, on circumstances, and what we wish to accom- plish. California seems to be getting some of our best men. Prof. Cook, -J. H. Martin, .1. M. Hambaugh, and -Jacob Alpaugh have been there some time, and I see by the Pacific Bee Journal that an old friend and ac- quaintance, Mr. A. D. D. Wood, formerly of Lansing, is now foreman of the Bennett Bee Hive Co. of Los. Angeles. Yes, and Bro. T. G. Newman and family have just gone to California. " Rambler " has already turned story tel- ler, and part of the first chapter of his first story, " Bee-Keeper, Fred Anderson, " ap- pears in Gleanings for May 1st. The plot is laid in California, the hero is a bee-keeper, and we can well believe the editor of Glean- ings when he says the story is "interesting, thrilling, instructive, and full of droll in- cidents so characteristic of that Rambler man. " Queens, when " balled, " sometimes re- ceive injury in the main joint of one of the hind legs. Mr. B. F. Averill, ofVa., writes that by amputating the leg at the joint mentioned, the laying capacity of the queen will remain uninjured. *^«^«-«*«»»ii-» An Early Spring is what we are now en- joying. I think I have never seen vegeta- tion so far advanced at this date as it is now. Of course, this has given the bees an early start, but it must not be forgotten that the flowers, too, have an early start, and that it takes just so long anyway, to develop a bee, hence it is possible that an early spring is not the advantage to a bee- keeper that it appears at first to be. Gleanings has changed the color of its cover two or three times of late. I doubt if it can do better than to settle down upon the color of its last issue — that of a light pale blue. Some of the journals have changed the color of their covers several times. I don't suppose that this matter is very import- ant, but when we become accustomed to see- ing a paper in the same dress all the time it seems a little " off " to have it appear in a different color. ■»»it»^«*'«^»ir«. Distilled Water is something that F. L. Thompson would like to know about. He is of the opinion that it could be obtained with less trouble and expense than by us- ing a filter and boiling the water. He thinks that he has heard of an arrangement for attaching to a kitchen stove that would furnish two or three gallons a day. He thinks that such water would be more free from mineral ingredients than is filtered water. Do any of my subscribers know anything about this matter ? The Progressive Bee Keeper is true to its name. There is no bee journal that seems to have more 'git up and git. " Its corres- pondants are real, live, practical, wide awake bee-keepers. There seems to be a live spirit pervading its pages. It's only .50 cents a year, but it is not one whit behind the $1.00 journals. These are a few of the things that I have been wanting to say for a long time, but have not seemed to have the space, now I feel that they must be said. Long live the Progressive. 156 THE BEEKEEPERS' REVIEW, Queens Wanted. — I want to buy two or three queens each of the Puuic, Syrian, and Cyprian varieties of bees. Who has them ? Yes, and I would like to get about a dozen of simon pure black queens. •fc^ u»^-^^* ii ^11^ Florida is where Bro. Heddon passed a portion of the last winter, and his last issue of the Quarterly is devoted almost entirely to a description of Flordia. her climate, people, resources, particularly the honey producing, her drawbacks, disadvantages, etc. Anyone interested in Florida would do well to read this issue of the Quarterly. In Mailino Queens it is important that the right number of bees of the proper age be put in the cage. Willie Atchley says that in a small cage in summer weather, six are sufficient. In a large cage, eight or nine are enough. In the fall and spring he would put in twice that number. Don't pick out the large, old bees, that are filled with honey. W^hen confined in the cage they have no opportunity to clear them- selves and do not live long. He would use thrifty young bees that are old enough to to have been once filled with honey. Select bees that are slim and gaunt. Such are empty and cannot fill themselves with the candy sufficiently to injure themselves. Never put in a bee that has stung you, as it will soon die, and is quite likely to get stuck fast in the entrance to the food chamber. didn't offek to but the joubnal. In an editorial in the May number of the Canadian Bee Journal I find the following : •' Before the present publishers of the Canadian Bee .Journal purchased this paper we were told by the late proprietor that the editor of the Review thought that there was no necessity for a Canadian Bee Journal, he offered to purchase the subscription list and the Review should be the journal for Can- ada. " Bro. Holterman, if the former proprietor of the Canadian Bee Journal told you what you say he did, he was simply "stuffing" you, hoping thereby to make you more anx- ious to buy the subscription list of his burn- ed out journal. I never ofl:ered to buy the subscription list of the Journal, nor said, or even thought, that there was no necessity for a Canadian Bee Journal. Apis Doesata and its importation has received some attention of late in the bee journals. A York State Association, sec- onded by Prof. Cook, is in favor of asking the government to try to import these bees. E. T. Abbott. Dr. C. C. Miller and H. D. Cutting, in the American Bee Journal, op- pose their importation. It is evident that there is a little prejudice in the matter — some think Mr. Bsnton is after the job, and they don't want him to get it, as he has not proved himself to be a true man The only real, fair opposition against the scheme is that we don't know but their importation may be a mistake. The Australians wanted the rabbits, but they don't want them now. We wanted the Euglish sparrows, but don't want them now, neither do we want any more Cyprian bees. The suggestion that they be thoroughly tested in their own country before being brought here, strikes me as reasonable. Ltsol and its value in cases of foul brood appears to me in a different light after read- ing the article of F. L. Thompson on that subject. It seems that the feeding of lysol may cure foul brood, but if there is infected honey in the hive, the use of that honey at some future time will again bring in the disease. In other words, foul brood can never be permanently eradicated from a colony, so long as its old combs of honey are left in the hive. The use of lysol in a region of country where there are colonies of bees infected with foul brood, may be a good thing — it certainly would be if its use would prevent the contraction of the dread disease, and Mr. Thompson seems sure that it will. For this purpose I can see that the use of some drug might be valuable. I suppose that the philosophy of the matter is that if all of the honey brought into the hive in times of scarcity, at times when bees will rob, is tinctured with lysol, any germs of disease that are brought in will come in contact with the lysol and thereby be killed. The Michigan Convention was not well- attended. I did not expect that it would be. We have been haying very poor honey seasons of late in this part of the country, and if a man gets no honey he can't go to a convention. Another thing, it was out of season, but it was thought best to hold a meeting, if only a few were present, as an I THE BEE-KEEPERS' RbVIEW. 157 organization is often greatly needed, and it is quite likely that we will have better sea- sons again, even if they are not so good as some of those in the past. Mr. Hunt said that in his locality there had been eleven good seasons in succession, then there came, an abrupt change. He says that the floral conditions are the same now in his locality as they were in the years of plenty. This is hopeful. Mr. Aspiuwall called attention to the fact that we had had more rain and snow in the past few months, than we had had for the same length of time in several years, and he predicted that we would, in a measure, have an old fashioned season. The next convention will probably be held in the Northern part of the State — perhaps at Mt. Pleasant. «^jr<«»ir^««^*«. "How Natube CDEEs"is the title of a §2.00 book published by Stillman A- Co., 319 W. 40th St., New York. I have read this book with a pleasure equaled only by that I enjoyed when reading Bellamy's " Looking Backwards. " While the author believes that it is folly to say that drugs or medicines are never needed, he shows most conclusive- ly that correct methods of living will enable ns to avoid their use entirely, and that they are very seldom needed even when we are seriously ill, provided that proper hygienic treatment is given. Keeping well is simply the result of wearing proper clothing, pay- ing attention to the right kind of bathing, breathing pure air in a proper manner, and, most important of all, eating the right kinds of food, which means, of course, using the right kind of drink — pure water. All this is very simple, and yet there are so many points that I did not thoroughly comprehend or ap- preciate until I read this book. If I conld have read it twenty years ago I am well- satis- fied would have saved me dollars and dol- lars in doctor's bills and medicines, and time worse than wasted in weeks and months of suffering. I wish everybody could read this book. Mr.E. T. Abbott called my attention to it and I want to thank him for it. P. S. — Let me say to my good friend Merrill of the American Bee Keeper, that it is not personal vanity that leads some of us bee-keeping editors to speak of the sick- ness in our families and of the food we are eating, but because we have suffered so se- verely, and. hfiving found a way of escape, are anxious that others should know of the way. UNFAIB OKITICISM. In the last issue of the Canadian Bee •lournal is an editorial berating Bro. Hasty and myself because we have not changed our views regarding sugar honey, or because we do not rejoice as he does over the pas- age of the sugar honey law. I have said repeatedly that I did not believe that the Canadians would get a law against the pro- duction and sale of sugar lioney. I did not think that one was needed. It seems that I was mistaken in thinking that they would not secure the passage of such a law, but neither Mr. Hasty nor myself have said or done anything to indicate that we are " sore " or "sad "because of its passage. Bro. Holtermann says that those who advocated the production of sugar honey have never changed their opinions. .Just as though opposition, or the securing of the law on that subject, would change our opinions I When the great majority of bee-keepers protested against the discussion of the sub- ject, I deferred to their opinion, and prom- ised that the adfocacy of sugar honey pro- duction shonld end in the Review, at least until there should be a change of public opinion on the subject. I have lived up to that promise. Even Bro. Holtermann him- self has publicly commended me in his journal for the faithfulness with which I have kept my promise, and now to publicly condemn me for what may be my private opinion on the matter strikes me as unfair. Discussion of this subject may have been foolish, and, if so, then those who joined in it must suffer for their folly, but don't get so far back in the dark ages as to expect ns to recant and say we don't believe what we do. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. mHIS View is to be all Round Up; and pret- T ty dry and brief in the effort to catch up. The first thing I get hold of is that queenless swarm that lived more than three times the usual summer life of a bee, and had 8,000 live bees still left. Review 120. It's getting plain that vim and longevity in bee life are correlative, like force and veloc- ity in mechanics — the more of the olc the less of the other. A queenless colony has 158 THE Bt:E-KEEPEhS it:^/_- very little of vim, but great endurance — waiting for a stray queen to come in, I sup- pose. As some colonies, after the third or fourth swarm, drive out a lot of virgins to find homes for themselves, the chance of one coming is not so slender as one might at first suppose. If the French keep on stuffing us with such reports as 5G1 pounds from three col- onies confederated, when the average for a single colony was 88 pounds, first they know they'll get "we'uns "into Confederate S'.ates. Review 121. And then perhaps we'll hear from the man who confederated a dozen colonies and didn't get any surplus. With brother Thompson I can say, what's the harm of keeping up a little smell of cam- phor or carbolic acid in each hive as ?i pre- ventive when foul brood infection is all around ? Friend C. C. Miller, on page 34 American Bee Journal, bears down pretty hard on the idea that bees ever play in front of the hive after they are old enough to work in the fields. How is it on a warm day in February, friend Miller ; don't they all play then ? Only ;? out of 24 respondents to A. B. .J's question box had a good word for keeping bees queenless during the honey harvest. The three were P. H. Elwood, J. A. Green and E. France. And here is a good man, a very good man, whom I must quote because he is at anti- podes with myself. " We never practice doubling up colonies in the fall. If two colonies have only honey for one, kill one, and feed their honey to the other. E. France in A. B. J. 95. " Still I imagine friend France would find it hard to prove that the slaughtered bees and queen would do any harm if added to the establishment. ' Feered he's afflicted with the idea that bees eat so much per head, just like soldiers. Prayer is a good thing ; but beautiful prayers recited parrot-like to keep the bees from stinging, as related by C. P. Dadant in A. B. J. 99, are a good thing decidedly run into the ground. And what a queer lot he makes those Norman French peasants to be! Nearly impossible to make one say yes or no. And though you fire away for an hour with questions about his bees, he will continue to find polite answers that give no informa- tion. Query five of the new series in A. B. J. asks for the best surplus arrangement to take comb honey. Out of 22 respondents 6 advise the T super, (3 the wide frame, and 6 more take to the woods on various dodges. The remaining 4 are for the slatted bottom super. Doolittle has had a three comb nucleus build 15 new combs in one season. Keeps taking the new combs away, so as not to let the colony get big, and want to build drone comb or swarm. A. B. J. 113. E. B. Thomas, A. B. J. 114, says cypress hives, without any paint whatever, may be bequeathed to one's children. Twenty-four years ago C. Theilman had 12 rough hives made for !|24, and;12 nice painted ones for $48 ; and to-day the the painted ones. A. B. J. 243. the cheap ones are in about as good order as C. Monette, A. B. J. 130, describes a queen- catching cage which I think some will like. It is a conical spiral of fine steel wire, base broad enough to set over a queen as she runs, and apex slender enough that she can not turn round when put up there with a follow- er. Then with a fine wire hook, her wings can be pulled through the spirals and clipped deliberately, without the operator getting the trembles, and without the possibility of her " putting her foot in it " for amputation at the last quarter section. It is plain from the report of the Colorado convention, page 214 A. B. J., that practical men feed flour there. There are but few localities of which this can be said, I imag- ine. Of course experimenters, and begin- ners who follow a book, do it more or less everywhere. The following are the bottom prices for first class honey for the several years named, as given by Doolittle in A. B. J. 1G3. De- lectable mountains of old fashioned prices, and the toboggan slide whereby we got down to our present low estate. 18G8— 25 1875—27 1881—18 1869—50 1886-23 1882—22 1870—25 1877—20 1883—18 1871—25 1878—12 1884—17 1872—25 1879—20 1885—15 1873—27 1880—18 1886—14 1874—28 R. L. Taylor's last tests in heating honey show strongly how much discretion it requir- es to be an experimenter, if one would do aught than mislead himself and others. The other experiments indicated that we must not use such high temperatures as we had been using ; these indicate that we are all rut. HEE-KfjEPERS' REVIEW. 159 right. The other experimeuts squinted strongly toward melted whx imparting bad tiavor to tl>e honej' : these contradict the same. And a saitiple supposed about the same as before — well, 'pears like he got clover honey one time and bass wood honey t'other time. The fact that both samples came from the same lot of honey, or even from the same super, does not weigh much. Black pig and white pig may both be in the same litter. Perhaps I owe C. W. Daptoii an apology for talking about his accepting " flying re- ports" when he was at detective work instead. In A. B. J. 218 is a very frisky letter from South Africa, signed S. A. Deacon. Swallows of a very large species, and with a ravenous appetite for bees, exist there. They are very hard to shoot also. He organizes a shooting match with prizes to head them off. He reports a very scant supply of rain for the last three years ; so we are not alone, not even continentally. Guess he reads British bee papers, for his hobby in uniting and queen introduction is flour, strongly scented with peppermint and put on with a dredge. Robbers he meets by a belt of fresh paint, carefully put on at a little dis- tance all around the entrance. Robbers, when only reconnoitering, alight farther off than honest bees, and to get their legs daubed in green paint discourages Ihem. Probably the method is of no use alter the plundering is fairly begun ; but it may be of some value when there is danger of its be- ginning. Before recommending it very much I should want to know whether the honest V>ee who. carelessly alights in the paint, and gets his legs soaked with it, is ever any good any more. Another wrinkle for the house apiary is contributed by E. Goulding in A. B. .1. 22.'). The exit passage from each colony runs out into a miniature house which projects quite a bit from the building, thereby securing a sunny entrance for winter. The Goulding side walls are also made in sections that will both take out and swing up ; and thus the building can be transformed at pleasure in- to a shed with awning-like shades. George F. Robbias, A. B. J. 225, jauntily says he knows why bees swarm ; and he can tell us ( e'enymost ) how to prevent it. Let me see if I can't beat you at that, friend R. Bees swarm because there is a hole in their hive. Abolish the holes and swarming is cured — I can warrant 'em, Pdrchance the Robbins remedy is not quite so illusory as mine ; but it may fail sometimes, and mine will not. He takes away the contents of the hive, and leaves the hole — and the bees. The objections are that you have doubled your stock, and you may want to prevent that ; you have a lot of hungry babies that must starve, as there are no nurses to feed them ; andiyou have a lot of sealed brood that may chill in a sudden cold spell of weather ; and you may get the whole thing scooped by robbers. These combs can indeed be given to weak colonies, but only in a small way ; and we want a scheme that covers tlie whole apiary. H he will take away the combs from several hives each day continuously, a 'd put them into a big, warm, tenement hatchery ; when the young bees get numer- ous ladle them a few quarts into each origin- al hive^well, I think that's the direction from which morning is most likely to arise. Perhaps the man who works out the finished details of this may be canonized as a bene- factor. I have never got around to begin the trial, although I have long had the scheme in mind. The outcome of such a hatchery is not increase of colonies, but a lot of nearly empty combs. Don't think that this article is aught else than one of the most valuable that have been written on this topic. Especially does friend Robbins get down to "pay gravel" when he says substantially that wo cannot at once, and perhaps can not ever, eradicate the wants of bee nature ; but the line of hope is in the line of supplying these ivants in some other way than hap-hazard swarm- ing. Those powdered bees that worked their way into the winter cluster from the outside in twelve days ( Gleanings 168) I am just unbeliever enough to think the exprimenter did not identify them in the middle of the cluster, only saw there was no flour on the outside and took it for granted. No proof. Had dusted off one aao^hers jickets^else died. Even if he did identify the floured bees it would be much more probable that a general stir out of the warm inner bees had taken place than that the torpid oue^ had moved in like the hour hand of a clock twelve times too slow. Harry Dwight, as related in Gleanings 179, alterated drone and worker foundation in sections to the number of 5G0, and then kept watch to see when each sort was finish- ed, as compared with its next neighbor. The 160 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW*. drone-filled sections were ready on the av- erage 32 hours sooner than the others. But we mustn't forget this lacks quite a little bit of proof that worker foundation causes any real loss of time or honey. Some boys might finish the red apples in a crate 32 hours sooner than the yellow ones ; and yet if the apples were all yellow they would go at about the same rate, and the last one disap- pear at about the same hour as in the first case. Glad to see that the new process founda- tion proves less liable to sag, in the trials so far, than the old kind. Even with pure wax sagging has been a serious evil. Gleanings 182. " Perfectly abominable. " These are the words in whieh Ernest backs up Geo. F. Robbins as to the style in which some of us put our honey on the market. 'Spects we need more of the same kind of talk. Perhaps the foundation fastener shown in Gleanings 184 is not as widely known as might be. It is a pointed tin tube that de- livers melted wax. Big as a finger, cone pointed, little hole in the point, and another little hole up the side just right to close with the thumb. This last device is to delay the flowof the wax, dropping-tube fashion. It is kept standing up in a cup of hot wax, and so is always filled to the level you choose to set it. But Dr. Miller. Gleanings 203, is pleased with having the beeswax made into a candle ; and in use the candle is held — well, the way we always held candles when we were rattle-headed boys. F. Griener combines with the grape grow- ers of his town when it conies to shipping his product. Gleanings 214. E. H. Schoeffl^ seems to hit the mark about as well as any one who has tried archery on it lately. See Gleanings 216. First he notes how the retail grocer sells genuine honey, and a good trade sets in. Then the city rogue fits him out with cheap tumblers, with a little chunk of honey float- ing in glucose. And, anon, "the people seem to have grown tired of honey. " Even do these adulterators just "eat all befor'em," and " pizen all behind'em. " Then broth- er S. goes for the root of the matter as be- low— "The only ronietly is a pure food law th;it carries with it a provision and appropriation for its enforcement. " Yes, yes ! With a state prosecuting bureau of well-selected lawyers, paid by the state. and under orders to let no adulterator escape, the fur would fly— rat and all. Its a nice little church (juarrel in the church of the T-superites as to whether the T should be loose or stationary. I'm not a T-superit, and so might mediate in the fracas; but I'm not going to make any such offer — no faith. Never'U be any quiet any more till you have built two churches, and cease to call each other " brethren and sisteren. " See Gleanings 218. The subject of a standard grading for honey which was talked to sleep if not to death sometime ago is reviewed on page 223 of Gleanings. The fact some time since de- veloped that a standard is quite difficult to agree upon — and when you have agreed up- on it nobody will use it. Too many ingredi- ents in the soup by the time each cook has forced in his favorite ones. A puts in to- matoes, and B abominates tomatoes. B puts in onions, and A loathes onions. C puts in pepper, and D can't go pepper at all. And finally E thinks the soup is spoiled for him any way, and he will get even with the spoiler by putting in a good dose of snuff. George W. Bassett had good success in feeding a hungry colony ten pounds of honey by the stove - side in January. Gleanings 223. Nothing succeeds like success ; but don't be sure of this success every time. This is an uncertain world with an uncer- tain climate. Before "ground hog day" we were sure signs indicated an early spring. After the date named our hope fa- ded out more and more each week, till the first one-third of April was gone. Then we just knew, not that we were going to have a late spring, but that we had it already. First pollen came in April 11th — latest in 17 years, with but three exceptions. Presto ! Abracadabra ! How our climate can turn a handspring to be sure ! Apple trees began bloom April 2(ith, the earliest in 17 years, without any exception. RiOHAHDS, Ohio. April 30, 1896. EXXR7=^CXED. What may be Accomplished With a Di- visible Brood Chamber. Mr. J. E. Hand, of Wakeman Ohio, tells the readers of Gleanings of the advantages of a divisible brood chamber hive in getting THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 161 colonies ready for the harvest. Here is what he says : — " I notice ou payn lit that Dr. Miller seems to think it a thing incredible that any one should have perfect control of his bees. He says when his bees take it into their heads to m>ike preparation for swarming they don't nlways nimd what he says; and he doubis wliether iiiine are much more obe- dient. It is evident from the above he is laboring under the impression that tiie pre- vention of swarming is necessary to the per- fect control of bees. With this view of the c ise, perhaps he may be excused for being rather skeptical. I did not intend to convey the idea that the divisible-brood-chamber hive gives me perfect control of the natural instincts of my bees, but that, by working in harmony with these instincts, and allow- ing my bees to swarm, I get far better re- sults in work ; and the divisible brood-cham- ber, when contracted to the capacity of four L. frames, as I use it for hiving swarms. forces the bees into the sections, and the work goes right ou with the added energy of the new swarm. This is what I consider perfect control of swarming ; and all who are familiar with the workings of this hive know how well it is adapted to this purpose. And so on all along down the line of the va- rious manipulations of this hive : always keeping in view the natural instincts of the bee as we iind them, we have perfect control of our bees at all times. By interchanging the sections of the brood- chamber of this hive as often as any honey appears alone the lop-bar, we accomplish tiie same object advantage of a short honey-flow to get the white honey in the sec- tions, it is of real value, and I believe most of those who have condemned these hives have been compelled to do so by the improp- er construction of the hives as they used them. Most people make a mistake in making their hives too large. They should not con- tain more than S frames, and the frames should not be larger than 4'2 xl7 inches in- side, and by all means they should be used in a side-opening hive. This removes the greatest objection I have ever found in the use of these hives, and takes away all that uncomfortable feeling B. Taylor experienced whenever he had to manipulate those frames. Again, Dr. Miller says the man who has perhaps used it longer than any other de- nounces it at last. Why didn't he go a little further, and tell us that it took the gentle- man referred to liO years to find out the weak points of this hive ? and as I have used it only Ave or six years, I think I may be ex- cused for not having found them out yet. In conclusion, my advice to beginners is, go slow ; prove all things, and hold fast that which is good. " How to get all of the Honey of the Fields into the Sections. List month I referred to the plan of Mr, Boardman, of feeding the bees just before the honey harvest, but I did not have room to copy the article in full. It is a little late now to copy it, but in the Northern part of the United States the harvest from white clover does not commence until the fore part of .June, and from the time that the Review reaches these readers until the open- ing of the white clover honey harvest, is really the time when this feeding should be done, if I understa d the matter aright, hence I copy the following from Gleanings and suggest that those of my readers who can do so give the plan a fair trial. "Although this subject was quite fully covered by our friend Mr. Boardman in our colums a few months ago, it seems, from the number of inquiries that are pouring in, that the matter is not perfectly understood yet, and perhaps it might be well to give a few additional hints, with a little repetition, perhaps, along at this time, especially since this kind of feeding will need to be begun now in two or three weeks. In the first place, the syrup should be made by mixing sugar and water in equal proportions. You can use heat to dissolve tlie sugar if you prefer, but I do not think it is necessary. Pour the sugar and water, equal parts, into an extractor ca . and turn vigorously for a few minutes. If you haven't an extractor, use a tub and a stick. In half an hour or po you will find a clear limpid syrup ready to draw oft from the honey- gate of the extractor into the feeders. A great many write, asking if it is neces- sary to feed, providing the hive is fairly well supplied with stores. Not so necessary ; but if you wish to carry out the Boardman idea as I understand it, it would be advisable to 162 THE BEE-KEEPERS' BE VIEW. feed all the colonies. Those that have a good supply already will be stimulated by the feeding, and, as a consequence, com- mence raising a lot of brood ; and that means a host of young bees and a lot of honey later on in the season, if there is any to be had. Even if the bees are fairly svell supplied with stores, they won't rear brood any thing as they do when a fresh supply is coming in every day. Of course, the colo- nies that are well supplied do not require as much syrup as the others that are running short. But suppose the combs are stored and the brood-nest will permit no more. Such combs of sealed stores taken out and set aside will come in play for winter. Perhaps you may argue, ' What is the use of buying syrup to feed bees in the spring, when they have already enough to carry them through till the honey-flow ? ' 'Enough' — there's the point! If they have just barely enough, the bees will . crimp and economize in some way, to make their stores last ; and the only way for them to economize is to cut down brood-rearing — very poor economy for you. certainly. ' But. ' you say, ' if I feed the bees a little every day, the hives will be crammed full of syrup, and I shall be out of pocket to the ex- tent of several barrels of sugar. ' What of it y You will be a gainer in the end by having a large force of bees to gath- er the honey if it does come ; and then when the time arrives, it will be shoved right into the supers, because there will be no room for it in the brood nest. The honey from the fields will bring a higher price, and you have a first class-trade — sugar for hon^y. More than all, your brood combs will b'^ fill- ed with the very best of winter store? — much better than honey stores, and much cheaper. And suppose you are out of pocket several barrels of sugar. Suppose you have fed a 1,000 pounds of sugar syrup, costing you, say, 4 cts. per lb. ( when ripened ), and sup- pose you get in exchange 1.000 lbs. of honey. The latter ought to bring, if clover or bass- wood, from 8 to 9 cts. Clearly, then, you have made a profit of at least four cts. per lb on the syrup, or an aggregate of !f 40.00 on the trade, because the honey would have taken the place of the sugar syrup in the brood-nest. As Mr. Boardman well says, the farmer thinks nothing of feeding his stock, expect- ing to get returns. He who would say he could not afford to feed his hogs well be- cause the grain that he would feed them would cost money, would be considered a fool indeed. In view of the poor honey years that bee- keepers have been having of late, and in view of the further fact that what little honey has come in has just about filled the brood nest, and no more, leaving little if any surplus, it it would look as if Mr. Boardman's idea of substituting syrup for honey, and pocketiufj the big difference in price between the syrup and honey, was simply utilizing good business sense. One year when 1 called on Mr. Boardman, he had quite a crop of honey. He had been feeding as I have above explained. His neighbors round about him did not feed, and did not get any surplus honey. I firm- ly believe that many of our bee-keeping friends can just as well be getting a little surplus, and a little money for it, as to be going ahead on the old plan of getting no surplus, and nothing but bees in fair con- dition for wititer. But suppose a big honey- flow does come, and you have followed Mr. Boardman's method of feeding : your hives are filled full of sugar stores, and capped over, and just fairly boiling over with bees. It is perfectly evident you are going to get a big crop of honey that year, and all of that honey will be surplus. One of my warm friends in Canada has written me, earnestly protesting against feeding the bees as Mr. Boardman does, clear up to the time when honey is coming in. He insists that, as soon as bees begin to gather from natural sources, they crowd some of the sugar syrup from the brood- nest up into the sections or surplus combs. I have talked with Mr. Boardman on this very point, and he is very certain that, as he practices feeding, it is not done. I have also talked with other prominent bee-keep- ers, and written for the private opinion of others. All seem to feel that there is but little danger to be apprehended from that source. But we will suppose that my Cana- dian friend's point is well taken. To be on the safe side, then stop feeding within a week or two of the expected honey-flow. If the stores in the brood-nest are capped over, there certainly can be no possible danger of the syrup's being carried above. Taking the matter all in all, Mr. Board- man's idea of feeding offers the best solu- tion of the problem as to what we are go- ing to do with short honey seasons — in short, what will enable us to get all the honey there is in the field into s^u-plus without wasting any of it in b:ood-rearing. " A Foreign Leaflet on Honey. Mr. Slocum of Newport, R, I., sends me the following leaflet that is used by a dealer in Switzerland. It makes a strong point of the desirability of the particular honey sold by the author of the circular, also of the medicinal and dietic or food value of honey. I must say, however, that it contains much that I would not put into a leaflet. I have now published all of the leaflets that I have received. If any one has any will he send me a copy ? If I don't receive any more, I will soon try my hand at writing one. " I beg to inform you, that I have just ad- ded the exportation of real bee-honey to that of Emmentlial cheese, with which I have been occupi<>d for the last V.) years. Since the latter afl'ords me sufficient occupation, my object in adding the other to it , is less that of making money, than of rendering a service to the public, in offering an article rn±j BEk-KEEPERS REVIEW, 163 most valuable both as remedy and food. This opinion is the result of my own exper- ience. After au attack of influenza in the winter of 18!>1 an obstinate cough remained which troubled me especially in the spring and autumn and which increased seriously in ISit'J, when I lost my appetite, and di- gestion was completely upset, and in spite of extreme care in avoiding the slightest chill, the daily expectoration was very great. I consulted ;5 doctors but notwithstanding the strictest carrying out of their prescrip- tions, this continued until August of this year, my constitution being greatly reduced, and my cough rendering me the nightly torment of all the family. An apiarian friend advised me to put aside the medicines and try a honey -cure, that is to say, to take plenty of honey in the morning with the tea. I had previously sought relief in vain from sweet things and had no belief in them, but I thought I could but try it. Then it was I began to know the real bee-honey, quite dif- ferent from the fabricated honey known un- der the name of tabln-honey, generally used in Swiss hotels. I soon felt the benefit of this honey, the lung relieved itself much more easily, I lost my cough, appetite re- turned, my strength increased and all my friends congratulated me on my improved appearence. Thanks to this remedy I am to day completely recovered, and am only as- tonished that I should have neglected it so long, as the bee life had never been a mys- tery to me. And how many thousands are there in the same position ! Some, who have had a similar experience, have afterwards become most devoted disciples of bee-culture. I endeavoured to repair my own negligence by examining the literature concerning them, and to all those who know little of bee- life, I would strongly recommend the peru- sal of books on this subject, for instance, ' Le conduct ur au rucher, ' by Bertrand, Nyon. Switzerland, obtainable at the ' Li- brairie Rustique, ' 2G rue Jacob, Paris. This literature is far more interesting than many novels, and shows the wise arrangements of our Creator, and foolish is the man who does not profit by the production of these four- winged insects. Their history and that of honey is as ancient as man himself, the Egyptian papyrus, dating from about 3500 years ago speaks of it and gives recipes of honey, the Bible, the Jewish Talmud, the Koran of Mahomet, Plinv. the Roman writ- er, all mention the remedy honey. During the middle ages bee-culture appears to have diminished, but since then and in recent times, entire and even striking cures have been proved, sach as are mentioned in the books of Charles Gatterer ( Vienna, 18G7, Marchettigasse 4 ) , and P. Leonidas of Ad- mont ( IS'.t'j ) both cured of serious chest complaints by honey, after having tried every other remedy in vain ; these authors are still living and the former celebrated his golden wedding in 188!t. There exists a long list of similar facts, for instance, the * Nordl Bienenztg. ' of 18S7 relates that a young dressmaker suffered so acutely from chlorosis that she could no longer even stand, every remedy proved useless and she simply longed for death. Nevertheless there existed a remedy which saved her, a simple one, the real bee-honey ! I know parents, who in times of epidemics, give to their children as an antiseptic, honey in abundance, and with complete success, these children have invariably escaped the illness I Why should it not be the same with their elders ? Honey contains a certain proportion of ant-acid ( bee-poison ) d'abeil- les and this is the antiseptic that purities, destroying any germs that may have pene- trated and completely purifying the blood. It is a remedy for many illnesses and those who desire further details will always find me ready to give them. Hydromel (honey wine ) is also excellent, the hydropathic Kneipp recommends it. These medicinal virtues which have been known for the last 4000 years, should alone suffice to recommend real bee-honey to every mother of a family, even if the taste were sour and acid, instead of being so sweet and agreeable. But. — the Creator seems to have united every property in this remedy, — real bee-honey is not only sweet and wholesome, but also a food, a blond-producer of the highest order. Whoever doubts it. let him first be weigh- ed then take daily 100 grammes of this real Swiss bpe-honey, in a month he can test the result of this alimentation with the scales ; my friend already alluded to, says that this honey makes its own weight in blood, and I quite believe it. Whoever takes regularly this bee-honey will not only be much better nourished, but will also be spared under ordinary conditions, a heavy medicine bill and will in any case increase his individual capacity. The traveller can scarcely find a better remedy, the daily changes of food and drink requiring a most healthy digestion. And yet, how do the hotelkeepers err in this matter I Nearly everywhere in Europe is served in the ho- tels a concoction which never ought to have received the name of honey : it consists of 80 per cent of syrup of potatoes (obtained by sulphuric acid ) and scarcely 10 per cent of real honey to give it a flavour. One with a strong stomach can with difficulty digest such a mixture, much less an invalid, and for that reason many complain that honey injures the stomach. Real honey never does that, it is the food the most easy of digestion we know, and is straightway converted into blood leaving almost no residue. For this reason, unfortunately, Swiss honey has not always the best reputation possible. Stran- gers seeking a cure in our mountains find in most hotels only the aforesaid mixture, ( which is not even of Swiss origin, but was introduced from Germany ) and for that reason foreign authors have a prejudice against Swiss honey. AVrongly so ! Who- ever buys bee-honey here, will certainly have it real, — Swiss industry has never yet tried to make money by falsifications, — and I would calmly accept any hot that it is at least as good as any other, I would almost dare to say in all modesty, that it is even better than any other ! It is natural, and is incontested by all connoisseurs of honey, 164 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW- that the aroma of the flowers visited by the bees is transferred to the honey, as also that marshy plants and heather do not pro- dace so aromatic a honey as the Alpine flow- ers with their splendid exhalation. Tliose who visit in the summer our Lucerne Alps, will easily see that our honey ougiht to be the best in the world, more especially as our beekeepers pursue their occupation con- scientiously, zealously and with full knowl- edge of their subject. Each beekeeper con- siders himself as such and does not hesitate to guarantee the absolute purity of his pro- duction. Mr. Tony Kellen. the clever for- eign apiarist says in his book ' Swiss honey has now the reputation belonging in ancient times to the hymethique, the best Greek honey ' If we compare its medicinal a' d nourish- ing properties, and also consider how many years there are, when the bad weather not only prevents the bees gathering honey, but also compels their keepers to feed them, one might imagine that the price of honey would be so high, as to render it accessible only to the rich ! But this is not the case, it is, in proportion to its merits, much too cheap ! It is no more expensive than many other articles much less valuable. I do not refer to articles of the same nature, or con- fectionery, but to those considered as abso- lute necessaries, meat, for example, which costs in quantity as much as honey warrant- ed pure and of the first quality. Mothers of familes expend every autumn money for preserves, which are much dearer and are not worth more than 10 per cent the proper- ties of honey. When once the public has real- ly tried it and has learnt to understand its value, the consumption will greatly increase, and the price will mount in proportion. But at present there is no single remedy or food which costs so little relatively as real bee-honey. Certainly during the last few years our Swiss honey has found regular markets, and private apiarists have been favored with large orders from abroad, but until the pres- ent time no commercial house has under- dertaken the exportation ; neither have the apiarists troubled themselves, as to whether their honey was consumed in its original state, or re-imported, mixed with 90 times the quantity of potato syrup, and sold to the hotel keepers at prices that rendered compe- tition out of the question. For all these reasons, and my firm belief in this valuable article, I have decided to take up the export- ation. The Societies of Apiarists approve of iny decision and have placed their stock at my disposition, as well as promised me their entire support. In this way I shall command a better supply than any private bee-keeper, as the choice will be much great- er and I shall also be in a position to carry out any special order. The centrif ugalsed honey will be in tins of .'SOD to .5000 grammes, for large orders if de- sired, in caldrons up to .'50 kilos. Thus ar- ranged, stored in a dry place, the honey will keep for many years. If ordered beforehand, I can also deliver the honey in the comb, from about .WO to 1.500 grammes, in first qualities spring honey. Hoping to receive the honor of your es- teemed commands, when I shall endeavour in every respect to fully justify your confi- dence. Referring you to the price-list below I have the honor to remain your obedient servant Ul. Tuchschmid ADVERTISEMENTS If the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former by raising this journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." 15 Years Have proved the su- perior merits of my (lueons. 90 cts for a warranted queen, or $4.f0 for y^ doz. un- tested, either (iolden or leather colored. C. D. DUVALL, 5-96 tf Satsuma Heights, Fla. New and second hand FOUNDATION MILLS for sale, cheap. Vandervort, Dun- ham, Pelham and Root mills, all at your own x>rice ! Write, saying what you want. LEAHY M'F'G CO., Higginsyille, Mo. 4-9G-6t Please mention the Reuieiv. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 165 Great Reduction IN PRICES. Root's No. 1, Polished Sections at %2.m for 1.000 ; 2,000 for $4..^)0 ; :?,000 for .f (;.4,5 : r.,000 for $10.00. New, Weed-Process Foun- dation, throe cts. less per lb. than prices given on page 14 of my catalog. M. H. HUNT, -9G-tf Bell Branch, Mich. ntlon the Fleuiew. COMB FOUNDATION. Made by automatic machinery, and at greatly reduced prices, in fact, The Cheapest of All! FALCON POLISHED SECTIONS. Finest made. Also a full line of Higginsville Supplies. First class goods. Cat alog and sam- ples free. I pay liO cts. cash, or 32 cts trade, for wax 7 K. K.'s and 4 Express ( 'o.'s here. 4-96-tf Springfield, Illinois. V. J. FINGII, Jr., QUEENS Untested, 50 c., doz.$6.00 War'nted, 60 " 7.00 Tested, 7.5 " S.OO Selec. test, $1.50 Imported, Italian mothers only are used, and for beauty, gentleness and industry their prog- eny is unsurpassed. We have, throughout the season, in our yard, bushels of drones from im- Dortetl mothers and their daughters, and a mis- mated queen is rare. No def jctive queens sent out. Kemember that we are in the far South and are sending out queens now. Safe arrival guar anteed. Money-order office, Decatur. Address CLEVELAND BROS., Staiper, Miss. TAYLOR S COMB LEVELER. With the aid of drawn combs, swarming can be nearly prevented when working for comb lioney, and the crop of white comb lioriey great- ly increased, but to have the honey gilt-edged, the comb leveler is indispensable. It is hand- some and well made, and sent by mail for $1.25, THE HANDY HIVE. The wire-end. Handy Hive is well adapted to either the house or the open yard, ii^ample hive sent by freight for $2.00. The slotted and cleated separator will last a life time, and is unequaled in securing perfect combs for ship- ment. Sample by mail, 15 cts. ITAI.IAN QUEENS. First class leather colored or yellow Italian (jueens, bred from imported mothers, and pu- rity of mating and safe arrival guaranteed. Single queen, $1.'K); six ff»r $5.00; twelve, or more, 75 cts. B. TAYLOR, Forestville, Minn. Please mention the Reuieio. The Land of Honey, The Italy of America ! Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 3(!5 E. ■^nd St., Los Angeles, California. Please mention the Reuieio YOUNG QUEENS BY RETURN MAIL. Bred from our hardy strain of GRAY CARNIOLANS and GOLDEN ITALIANS. Un- tested queen, 7.5 cts.; tested, $1.50. If you want a fine imported or a select, tested, breeding queen, or bees by the pound, nuclei, or full colonies, we can furnish you at bot- tom prices. We never saw foul or bee paralysis. Satisfaction guaranteed. Price list free. a-96-tf F. A. LOCKHART & CO., Lake George, N. Y. 166 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIM> 'pfli^ JjEEii Motes Tested or untested, either three or five-banded queens, at $1.00 each. A record is made of ev- ery untested queen sold at this price, and an- other sent as soon as their bees hatch, if they fail to stand the test, thus giving the purchaser a chance at a Fine JSpecdep Without the risk of having to pay for one that shows in her progeny that she is not purely ma- ted. I have bred my bees up to a high stand- ard ; Italianized my neighbors' bees for my own protection, and seldom have a queen mismate. 1 am well equiped for the business; lear all the queens I sell ; do not intentionally send out any except the best, and never sell " culls " as un- tested queens. The demand from dealers last season was greater than the supply. I give par- ties buying a few for their owu uve, the prefer ence in filling orders. Have never seeen a dis- eased colony, or heard of one in this sectiou If you want to do a square business, and be pleas- ed, try a Tab Heel Queen. 3-96 tf W. H. Pt^IDGEfl, CPeek^ fi. C. Please mention the Review Tested Queens $1.00. After April 1st I can furnish tested queens, reared last year from the best five-banded stock, at $1 00. Queens from imported stock at the same price. Will have untested queens the first of May. W. A. COMPTON, Lynnville, Tenn. Phase mention the Reuieua, RI-P-A-N-S The modern stanc!- ard Family Medi- cine : Cures the common every-day ills of humanity. T\ ^ PLANTS. I have a nice lot of UAYIVITT Schaffer's Colossal and Palm- lllj I I y er's Black Cap plants of my mJ \J m. L 1 own growing tliat I should be V glad to sell at $1.00 per 100. I will warrant them true to name, and pack them carefully for shipment. ELMFR HUTCHIF80N, Vassar, Mich. [J5J »^>t»*^^^ »^'»»i»^^«-^«-R,^«'« m^-u'-mM^ •««^«^TTSia:iF a,nci FR,IOBS. Wiito for frop illustraiod CataloBue and Prico List . 7-95-tf G. B. LiEWlS CO., WatePtouun, Wisconsin. ill mil U Cold-Bla. EXTRACTOR HKECTION Lst Smokers S«|U2wre GIzkss Honey J^^rs, Etc. Fdp Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son Cilden strain is from Doolittle's original ON?: HtT.sDRED dollar queen sent me after he had reared over 1.000 queens from her. For business and beauty, my bees are unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for $4.riU. Tested, $1.2.'>. Breeders, $-i to $4. Ad- dress 4 a-J-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark. W. H. BRIGHT'S CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec- tions, spraying pumps and Bright's comb foun- dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one fiee. WM. H. BRIGHT, l-95-12t • Mazeppa, Minn. Foundation 81 Sections. ^' For several years the local supply dealer of this place has taken and sold to fiurroanding bee keepers any supplies that I have taken in ex- change for advertising. The last two seasons have been poor, and sec- tions and foundation have accumulated to such an extent that, consid- ering the uncertainties of the future, I think it advisable to offer these good? to the wider circle of customers that may be found through the columns of the Re- view. The following is a list of what I have and the prices at which they will be sold. Dis- counts, according to quantity, on more than 1, 000 sections or 10 lbs. fdn. Write about it. r 1 SECTIONS. 7,000 G. B. Lewis Co. at $2..50 per 1,000. 10,000 .1. Forncrook & Co., at *2.50 per 1,000. -^.(»00 Page & Keith at $2.50 i)er 1,000. 3,0(X) O. H. Townsend at $2.50 per 1,000. \.(m Root, at $2 .50. s.OCO Berlin Heights at $2.25 per 1,000. • 5.000 J. M. Kinzip, at $2.25. * All the sections are 4J4 x i% x 7-to-the-foot. ': pouNDflTiori. J 48 lbs. W. J. Finch, thin for surplus, at .50 cts. % 7 lbs. Hunt, thin for surplus, at ,50 cts. 5 1014 lbs. VanDeusen. thin for surplus, at 50 cts. «i 24J4 lbs Dadant, thin for surplus, at 50 cts. W. Z. HQTGH in son. Flint, Michigan. 168 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 1 ««,«^<««'« li^K.^ Queens t cost no t 1 more' 5 than those of which one - half turn out hy- i i brids, wliieh is often the case, as many pur- J i rhasors know to their sorrow. Last year, J i 90 per "ent of my queens proved purely ma- J if ted. They are large, beautiful. Golden Ital- J " ians, bred for business as well as color, and % ! my prices in April and May ar^ as follows : t ; Untested, but WARRANTED PURELY ", e SCATED, 80 cts. each ; 6 for $4.50. Tested. \ f $100; good breeders. 82.50; extra, select, i ' straight 5-banded. breeding queen, $4 00. To I ij a new customer I will send one warranted { f queen for 60 cl s. Safe arrival guaranteed. ' ; E. A. SEELEY, Bloomer, Ark. ; J ( Money order office, Lavaca. Ark.) i 4-96-2t Please mention the Reuiew. Red Glover Oueens. It has long been my aim to get bees that would work on red clover, anil I now have 100 colonies of large, beautiful Italianti that work well on red clover, and stored a nice lot of surplus from this source last year. 1 can furnish untested queens at 65 cts., or two for $1.25. Warranted queees.SO ctseach. ortwofor$l 50. Tested, $1.25. Select tested, $2.00. Perfect satisfaction guar- anteed. V. M. HICKS, 4.96-tf. Hicksville, Md. firvttafr rnvrmvn the Review. ^^Pasid queens, E m $3.00. F. A. CROWELL, B a 4 96-6t Granger, Minn. E a E 11 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 169 The Indestructible "Maywood" The Most Modern, Most Reliable, Most Durable AND STRONGEST Wheel on Earth. BICYCLE. THIS $75.00 COM- PLETE BICYCLE PATENTS Feb. 34. 1891 >Iay 17. 1S9I Oct. 3, 1893 Jail 1. 189.5 Jan. 31, 1896 Otiiers Peiuiin? The "Maywood" is the s— ■2s-inch: warranted wood rims, piano wire tangent spokes and brass nipples. Hl'llS— Large barrel pattern. TIKKS— "Arlington" Hosepipe or Mor- gan it Wright t^uiok Repair, or some ottier {irst-;;lass pneumatic tiie. liEAKlNOS — Ball bearings to every part, including wheels, crank axle, steering head and pedals. CUP.S AND CONES— Best quality tool sr.ee', carefully tempered and hardened. l^HAINS — High grade hardened centers, rear adjustment. CRANKS— Our celebrated one-piece crank, fully pro- tected by patents; no cotter pins. RE VCH— Shortest, is inches: longest. 37 inches. OEAR — (il or 72. FRONT Ki>RK— Indestructible; fork crown made from gun-barrel steel. HANDIjE BAR— Reversible and adjustable; easilv adjusted to any position desired; ram's horn fur- nished if ordered. S.-VODi-l':— P. it F.. Gilliam, or some other first-class make ."EI>AL,S — Rat-tiap or rubber; full hall bearing. FINISH— Enameled in black, with all bright parts nickel plated. I'lach Bicycle complete with tool b:ig. pump, wrench and oiler. Weight, ac- cord''.gto tires, pedals, saddles, etc., 27 to 3h pounds. $ K) is (»ur Sped il Wiiolesale Price. Never before sold for less. To quickly introduce the "IVIiywood" Bicycle, we have decided to make a special coujion offer, giving every reader of this pan 3r ". chance; to get a first-class wheel at the lowest price ever offered. On receipt of $3.5.00 . 00 is sent with order as a guarantee of good faith. A written binding warranty with each Bicycle. This is a chance of a lifetime and you cannot afford to let the oppor- tunity pass. Address all orders to CASH BUYERS' UNION. •{• Coupon No. 1866 ^ X GOOD FOR 1 IF SENT WITH ORDER FOR No. 5 Maywood ...Bicycle... 163 West Van Burcn Street. Bx 18 66 CHICAGO, ILL. •!''i*'§'**f'f*'!«'!-**'!'++++ I know the above firm to be thoroughly reliable, so much so that those who pre- fer can send their orders to me and I will hold myself responsible for their proper tilling. — Editob Review. 170 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. -i! 0/ cu £ d Q.CQ 0 0)® 5-96-3t Please mention the Review, SUPERIOR stock; I have no hesi tation in Bay- ing that my btrain of beautiful, 5-banded, or golden, bees of Italian origin, cannot be snrpaKBed for BUSINESS, BEAUTY and (GENTLENESS. A trial order will convince of the truthfulness of this as sertion. Untested queens, $1.(K) each ; K'doz., $5.00; 1 doz.. $9.00. Warranted, $1.25; i4 doz.. $6.00; 1 duz., $l0.tK) Test- ed, $1.,50; select tested, $3.0'; extra se- lect tested, $5.00. These prices are for April and May. Safe arrival guaranteed. (8-96-tf J. D. GIVENS, Lisbon, Texas. Please mention the Reu'iew QUEENS Smokers, Sections, Comb Foundation, And hII .\]iiairnii Siippliea rhraii. Sciirt lor K. T. KI,.4N«olish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.00. Tho bow is of the fin- est snakewood, ebony f r<)g, lined, inhiid ( pearl lined dot) penrl lined slide, Geriiiai silver shield, ebony screw-head, tierman silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end. price $2.5!) Tno case is wood with curved top. varnisheil, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass honk-i, and handles and lock, price S'i SO. Th s rn ikos the entire outfit worth an even $20 00. U is ex- actly t\.w same kind of an outfit th:it my daui^th- ter has been using the pist year with The best of satisfaction to herself and t^^achers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- strnments here that cost sevoral times as much. I wish to sell thisou'flt, and would accept oue- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. — If you are going to— BUY A BtfZZ-SAVS^, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. , AWAY UP Leininger Bros., Ft. Jennings. Ohio, have 300 Golonits Two Apiaries. 500 Nuclei, devoted to queen rearing. They can furnish either Golden or impn I ted stock, kept pure, as they have They are going to sell two - frame, with choice queen, at $2.50 each. Spe cial prices on large orders. Send for catalogue and see their prices. 4-96-3t Please mention the Reuieui. GOOD iTiLiiN QUEENS .\re my speciality. My breeders are selected from colonies in my comb honey yard, when the best stock is always selected by actual work done in the supers. No other qualtity in h&'s pleases me so well as the ability to till the sections with honey. Choice queens fr"m this yard by RETURN M.\IL after May 15. $1.00 each; 3 for $2 50. Two-Frame Nuclei, with untested queens, good combs, well filled with brood, after June 1st, $2.50 each. Orders booked and filled in rotation. Reference, the Marshall National Bank. 4-%-tf E. F, QUIGHLEY, Unionville, Mo. Plea?" mention *he Reuiew. ^^f In the Northeastern part of the U. 8. ^B lives a man who, in a quiet way, is ■■ doing a snug little business making ■ I bee-icoeping supplies. He has a saw^ I ^_^ mill of his own which enables him tH, NoHhorn Grown «> jIoii Seed ocily 90e. per p< M" eRetn- bles, postpaid. *1 ; 10 pUgs. Flower 6teeds, aSc. M:iinniotl< 4'atu1o(C and 10 pkcs- tirnlnsanil :^V^^ggt«^>qiS, unless one be excepted, in which were found two cells of dead brood which bore some resemblance to that affected with the disease and which it is barely 'possible may yet prove to be an incipient stage of of foul brood, but should this be the case so much time has elapsed since the treatment it is extremely improbable that it had its source in the case of the disease with which the colony was afflicted before treatment. For a full description of the disease and the above method of cure I must refer to my report for the year ending May aist, 1894, ( see Review for Feb 18114. ) Other methods of cure have been, or are still, recommended. The fasting cure, so- called from its requirement that the bees be shut up in a box till the hooey carried with them is consumed and individual bees begin to drop from hunger, I experimented with extensively at one time and found that while it has no advantage in any particular over the method I now recommend it is sub- ject to several weighty objections. The method of cure by the adminstration of drugs once recommended by high authority is not practical even if it ever really effected a cure and yet drugs have a place in the management of the disease. To prevent the spread of the infection when opening the hives and handling the combs of col- onies having the disease, Benton recom- mends a solution of one-eighth ounce of corrosive sublimate in one gallon of water to be used to wash thoroughly the hands and all tools used about the hive before open- ing another hive. If for any reason the treatment of a colony must be delayed I have found a preparation of I4 oz. of salicyl- ic acid disolved in one oz. of alcohol and well mixed in one pint of water and this added to rather thin syrup or honey for feeding at the rate of one pint to four quarts &nd then given freely to the colony has a surprising effect upon the disease and the bees in thoroughly checking — not curing — the former and increasing the prosperity of the latter. One part of carbolic acid or phenol bo about six hundred parts of such food, syrup or honey is recommended for the same purpose. It is reasonable to sup- pose that if this sort of feeding prevents the increase of the disease within the hive, as it certainly does, it would certainly prevent its spread to other colonies — a very desirable thing. It is of the highest importance that every one who keeps bees should become thorough- ly acquainted with the characteristics of the disease under consideration in so far as that acquaintance may be had from the descrip- tions of those who have had experience with it, that he may recognize it at once if it should invade his domain. Prompt efforts on its first appearance would be by far the most effective. Especially should every col- ony lacking in activity or any other sign of waning prosperity be carefully examined. On the first appearance of the scourge, be- fore the honey containing the spores is scat- tered through the apiary by robbing or careless handling, it should be stamped out by the most thorough measures. This will be found the cheapest course. Burning utterly every affected colony at this stage, hive, combs, and bees, letting no bee escape, will in the end be more profitable than a good crop of honey with traces of the dis- ease retained. In connection the antiseptic food preparation hereinbefore described should be adminstered freely to every colony and every attention given to the destruction of every particle of the virus. If by ignor- ance, robbing, or carelessness, many colo- nies have become affected, then curative measures would probably be preferable, but no less care in mastering directions and in- telligence and energy in applying them should be exercised than though there were a prospect of the immediate eradication of the disease by more drastic measures. Lapeeb, Mich. May 26. 189C. The Dealers' Right to be. E. T. ABBOTT. T is popular just now to write learnedly ( ? ) and vigorously of the " useless middle- men, " the "non-producers, " the class who get their living without effort off of the "real producer." So much has been said along this Une that a thoughtful dealer is sometimes led to stop and ask him- THE BEE-KEEPERS' Rb.VIEW. 183 self whether he is not engaged in a certain kind of highway robbery — a phase of the " Stand-and delivery " business, seeing that these people who have so much to say about "middle-men" have narrowed down tne real act of production to so small a compass. Everybody writes of the ills and rights of the Bo-callert " real producers, " but it is very seldom anyone champions the cause of the dealer, who, if he should follow the lead of a certain class of thinkers, could not look upon himself as being anything other than a public nuisance, of whom society would gladly rid itself, if it only knew how to go about it. Even so wise and good a man as Horace Greenly talked of converting, " Id- lers and useless exchangers and traffickers into habitual and effective producers of wealth. " As though an exchanger were synonymous with an idler, and is not as much a producer of wealth, if engaged in a legitimate branch of exchange, as anyone I A prominent political economist says the trader, " Adds nothing to the real wealth of society, he merely transfers things from the place of production to the place of demand." Granted the latter, but is this not as much a part of real production as any other change or transformation which is caused by the exercise of human energy ? What is pro- duction anyway ? and who are the produ- cers of wealth ? Take honey for illustration. When does production begin, and where does it end ? Are the bees the producers, or is the man who manipulates the bees the chief and only factor in the production ( not " raising, " if you please ) of honey ? When is production completed, or when does the act of produc- tion cease and that of consumption begin ? Manifestly production ceases when the hon- ey is in the hands of him who is to use it for consumption, and not before. If this be true and it seems to be so on its face, then every man who aids in bringing to the consumer the honey in a suitaible form for consumption is a real producer. Not only this, but the man who helped to create the desire for the honey is a factor in its produc- tion as much as the man who owns the bees. Wealth is whatever satisfies human desires ; and, if there were none desiring honey, then it would have no value, and the placing of it on the market would not be real pro- duction, or to say the least, would be use less production. Production^ then, in the broadest sense of the word means gathering into a suitable form for use, and placing be- fore those who have a desire for that spe- cial article, the product in such a form as will satisfy that desire. Bat this, if my conclusion above is correct, is not all, for there must be first created a desire for the article before there can be any benefit de- rived from placing it before the one who is expected to consume it. It will be seen from the above that the man who takes a block of wood and cuts a section out of it is not the only real produ- cer who has brought human energy to bear upon it. The man who cut the tree helped to produce that section. The man who drew the log to the mill, the man who cut out the block of wood, ^e man who took the section and put it down where it was to be used, and the man who received it and held it there until the bee-keeper was ready to exchange the fruits of his labor for it, all, had a hand in its production. In fact, everyone who put forth any energy in get- ting the section to the place of consumption was a producer of sections so far as that section and individual consumer were con- cerned ; for, to leave any of them out would deprive the consumer of his section at the proper time and place. If the consumer lives in Missouri, and the section is made in Michigan, it will be of no use to him until it finds its way to Missouri. It can come there through the regular channels of trade for much less than in any other way. The consumer, it is true, might stop work and walk up to Michigan and bring it back in his pocket, but I apprehend he would find that method more expensive than to have it carried by a "' soulless corporation, " at the direction of a so-called " uceless middle- man." The sooner people get this narrow idea of production out of their heads, the belter it will be for society as a whole. The true idea is that whosoever facilitates the movement of any article of merchandise along the channels of trade, and the natural channels all point toward the place of greatest demand, is a producer. Such a one adds as much real value to an article as the man who first took his knife or ax and cut it out of a block of wood. Whoever checks this natural movement of trade, or forms a combination with his fellow men to re- strain and control it, is a traitor to society. All legitimate trade is production ; a com- bination or trust to produce a monopoly is robbery and treason against humanity. 184 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV 2k If every consumer wanted large quantities of itiiy given article of production, the i some of the dealers might be dispensed with, but it is a question if this would result in any ultimate good to society, as I sh;ill try to show further on. Let us see, first, what some of the functions of a dealer are, or what benefit he is to society. By examin- ing this matter a little more carefull.\ , I think it will be made apparent that the dealer is not a wholly useless member of society, and that he satisfies a real desire. If he does, then he is as much a producer as any other man who satisfies human w-ins, or creates wealth. Oue of the functions of a dealer is to hold things in readiness for the consumer until he feels the immediate need of it. This re- lieves the consumer of all anxiety and re- sponsibility, and he has the use of his money up to the very time when he is ready for the article he needs. The nearer the article is to hira when he is ready for it. the longer he can wait before he gets it, and the less loss of time and energy he will incur in getting it. Not only this, he can get the article in just such quantities as he may desire, and generally the man who wants a small quantity of anything can get it of his local dealer as cheaply as he could at the point where production commenced, to say nothing about the expense of transportation, the delay, and possibility of total lof^s. The dealer has to assume all of the risk, and every man who knows anything about the honey business knows that this is no small item. The season may prove a bad one and he finds him'=elf with a 1 irge stock of goods on hand, for which there will be no demand until another season. Few con- sumers realize how much this means. If it were not for a local dealer, in many cases these goods would be left in the hands of consumers, who would have to order them in advance in order to be ready when the honey flow comes. Another function of a dealer, which is a very important one, is frequently complete- ly lost sight of by the consumer. He cre- ates a demand for articles of real value, and gives the consumer an opportunity, frequent- ly, to examine articles at first hand, and see if they are such as will add to his comfort, ■without any outlay on his part. It often occurs that the consumer would never have seen the article, if it had not been for the dealer, for he cannot afford to send to the distant manufacturer and get all articles, of which he may read or hear, without know- ing whether they are such as would satisfy his desire. The dealer places them in his stock aud the consumer has oppporlunity to to examine them before he buys, which no d'jubt saves him many times from purchas- ing articles for wliich he would have no use. Tlie d-ialer not only brines to the attention of ihe consumer new articles, but he also calls his attention to new methods of satis- fying his dt sites, and in some cases im- parts information which will prove of as much value to him as the cost of the article which he buys. Especially is this true with the dealer in apicultural implements, and firm machinery. I know a case where a man went to a dealer for fifty cents worth of sectious, and got information that was worth four times that to him, for he had an idea that those sections should go on the hive at once, the mercury being at that time down near zero. Thau, again, the coming of a dealer into a community almost always reduces the price of goods. I think of a case where the coming of a dealer reduced the cost of hives to the consumer about half in two years' time. Whatever prejudice we may have against the agents of the country, we will be forced to confess that many times, if it were not for them, the people would remain iu ignorance of a great many thiugs of real value to them. Some have a habit of turn- ing up their noses at book agents, but there isno doubt but what in early times, and in many cases in these times, they have added materially ta the information of the people iu the community wh re they operate. They oftentimes furnish an o()portunity for the children to see and read valuable books, for which they have long had a desire, but that desire would never have been gratified if some pushing agent had not come to the home and created a desire in the breast of the father or mother for that book. So it is with honey ; there are hundreds of people who would make it an article of daily con- sumption, aud thus largely increase the de- mand, if only someone with a faculty for such work would go to their homes and show them its great value as an article of human food, and how cheaply it may be obtained. True, stich an one might be a " middleman, " but the owners of bees could well afford to accord to him some of the honors and pro- fits of viroduction, which are rightly his. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 185 The dealer, then, Ib valuable because he brings yoods to the point of consumption at less coat than they could be bought by the consumer, and at great saving ot time ; he saves the consumer from loss by decay, breakage, deterioration, etc. ; he keeps on hand, ready for the consumer such goods as he may want, and he can get at the time he needs them ; he introduces new and valuable articles for the gratilicatio of human de- sires ; in many cases reduces the cost of goods to the consumer ; last, but not leai^t, he furnishes much useful and practical information to the consumer, which saves him, frequently, more than the value of the goods bought. The dealer is not an idler, by any means. The real idler is the man who has no trade at all, the man who thinks society owes him a living and is all out of joint because he does not get it ; who. therefore, sits still and waits for something to come to him by legis- lative enactment. While, on the other hand, the man who creates a new, legitimate, hu- man want, and therefore creates new de- mands for any article of consumption, is as much of a producer as the man who makes the article originally to supply that want. Not only this, every man who aids in bring- ing the article to the exact point where the want is to be satisfied is as much of a pro- ducer as either of the other two. The truth of the mater is, this is only a recognition of of the principle of the division of labor, a process of assigning to each that part of the general work which he is best suited to per- form. Oue may be suited best to execute the first act of production, while the other two have capabilities which peculiarly fit them for transporters, or creators, by ed- ucation, of increased wants. Oue may cre- ate the desire, the other produce the honey, and the third carry it to the point of con- sumption. It is better for all to let each perform the work for which he has a pecu- liar adaptation. Society needs all of these men, and *he occupation of any one of them is just as important and legitimate as that of either of the other two, and none of them are " useless " members of society. But says one, " There are too many of these dealers. " I grant that this is some- what true, and that it would be for their own good, if there were less in some locali- ties, but the consumer does not suffer on this account. I remember once, when I was ^ drummer on the road for a short time. that I got into a farmer's wagon to ride with him, and in conversation he said that he hoped the time would come when the coun- try would be rid of all the "useless middle- men, " and then they would not have to pay so much for things. The question came up in my mind what all these men were to do when they left the road. What occupation must they take up in order to become " pro- ducers ? " Must they all go to farming or keeping bees ? If they did, what would be the consequences ? If every drummer would quit the road, every dealer cease to buy and sell, — in fact, every so-called "worthless middle-man, " stop his trade and barter, and and all in one mass take up the hoe and spade, or begin investigating the wonders of of the bee hive, and become " pi'oducers, " according to the modern popular idea of a " producer, " where would be found a mar- ket for the products of their labor ? Prices are low enough now, but. if these reformers who raise such a hue and cry against " mid- dle-men " couM have their way, in a short time a man could not raise corn enough on a hundred acres of land to buy a good coat, or secure honey enough from a hundred col- onies to buy his wife a calico gown. These men and their families must live, they can- not cease to exist just to please the people who are down on " middle-men, " and while they live they must have at least a small share of the comforts of life. If they are not to honestly earn their living continuing in their present occupation, then let some of these reformers rise up and tell us what they are to do. I think I have said enough on this subject to make it clear that the dealer has a right to be, and that he is as much of a necessity in modern society as any of the other fac- tors of production. Now, what are some of the diffioulties hehas toe counter? Oneof his main difficulties is that competition has become so great between the various man- ufacturers of bee supplies that they have beaten down the prices to what would seem to be the lowest point, and yet, notwith- standing this, the dealer frequently finds himself compelled to compete with the fac- tory from which he buys his goods. He buys by the carload, and then receives let- ters like the following : " H. B. Co. offers me first class sections in lots of 3000 for I , " and when he looks at the price he finds it to be precisely the same he paid when he bought a carload of goods. The 186 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW factories are not content to do a manufactur- ing business, but are so keen after trade direct from the consumer that they offer him goods at the lowest possible figure, and some of them send their wholesale prices to any one who asks for it. Especially is this true when they think there is the shadow of a chance of the trade going to a compet- ing factory. What is the result ? Simply this, the consumer sends direct to the fac- tory for his t'ocds, thinking to save a few cents on the deal, and many times when he has paid his freight and other expenses he finds his goo Is have cost him as much, or more, than they would near home, and it has taken four times as long to get thtm. He then sits down and writes an article about how the great corporations in the shape of railroads are robbing the people. He simply was beaten at his own game and should not complain ; not that I do not think that the rates charged by some rail- roads are only a little less than robbery. If the factories keep up this method of doing business, the majority of dealers must give up, and then the consumer will not only have more to pay for his goods, and wait his time to get them, but he will be de- prived of any benefit he might derive from seeing the goods before he buys, and of the help which the dealer's information might be to him. If the people who manufacture goods would stop and think who ii is that creates a large part of the demand for them, I think they would readily see they, too, are under some obligation to the dealer, as well as the consumer, and that it will not pay in the end to ignore his rights alto- gether. Another thing which the dealer has to contend with is the mania which the people have for change, simply for change's sake. The factories cater to this desire, and the dealer who overstocked last year finds on his hands a lot of goods for which there is no demand because they are not up to date. These he is forced to sell many times at less than they cost him, and in some cases, tie is fortunate if he gets anything near what they cost him. Another thing which isveiy much against the dealer is the habit many people have of paying for what they use long after it has been consumed, and some of them never pay. I am glad to know, how- ever, that the tendency of things is toward a cash basis, and that there are a great many dealers who prefer to keep their goods rather than a to receive a promise-to- pay for them. A good plan to adopt, especially for young people, is to "pay as you go," and if you cannot pay, don't go. St. Joseph, Mo. March, 1.5,1896. ir't^^^s^^T^ Distilled Water. ALLEN PKINGLE. TN the last Re- i view is a re- quest for imform- tion as to distilled water and how to procure it cheajily. I may be able to give the desired information. The editor remarks that Mr. F. L. Thompson ( the correspondent who desires the information ) "thinks he has heard of an arrangement for attaching to a kitchen stove that would furnish two or three gal- lons a day : " and he also " thinks that such water would be more free from mineral ingredients than is filtered water. " Now, here is an important point not gener- ally understood which ought to be made clear. Filteration will not make hard water soft. It will only remove organic impuri- tif 8, and if it is tl orough it removes all such, in 'luding spores and microbes. Boiling water for a longer or shorter time destroys the life in the organic matter of the water, but of course does not remove the dead im- purities. It follows from this that the water filtered should be soft ; but of course water is the better of filteration whether hard or soft, because usually the hard water is as badly populnted with organic impurities as the soft. The way to render hard water soft is to distil it. Distillation not only destroys the organic impurities but the mineral as well. When I was at the World's Fair in passing through the Anthropological Building one day my attention was at'racted to just such an "arrangement" as Mr. Tuompson speaks of— a little distiller which could be attached to a kitchen stove. It was in active opera- tion, and I was so much pleased with the arrangement that I resolved to take one home with me as well as the Pasteur Cham- berland filter. When, however, I went to I'tiJH iiEk-KhJEFERS REVIEW. 187 procure the distiller the exhibitor had gone, but he had left the distiller he had in use ou exhibition with a friend in the Building who lived in the city, and I succeeded after a good deal of ettort in getting it. I have not tested or used it since I came home not having needed it : but as I saw it in opera- tion I have no doubt as to its utility. There are different sizes at differeut prices — my own at ifl'J.OO which is said to have a capa- city of about one gallon per hour. The reader may, I presume, get circulars or any other information he may wish concerning them by addressing the proprietor, Dr. Nel- son Huuting, l.")5 Hamilton St., Albany, N. Y. It is called "The Huuting Automatic Distiller. " Selby, Ont. May 20, 18;»(). ^*^>?V^^ The "Pure Honey Bill" as Passed Amounts to Nothing. B. m'knight. N a late issue of the Review Mr. Hasty noted the fact that when the C. B. J. announ- ced the passage of what it calls a "pure honey bill" ihr )Ugh the Hoi s ^ of Commons, the Editor admitted that the draft as submitted to its promoters had been some what modified, but he failed to imform his readers what changes were made in it. The noisy, crow- ing, bantling was paraded to the world so long as it was permitted to wear the artifi- cial weapons of defence, strapped to its heels by S. T. Pettit and Co. but since the Commons of Canada stripped it o^ its formidable spurs, it hasnot been exhibited. After so much bluster and waste of money, they are evidently disappointed if not dis- gusted, because of the result. The plain fact is, that absolutely nothing has been se- cured, that was not previously eujoyed; what they got is just a " put off. " that " penalty that ( according to Mr. Pettit ) was to make people shake in their shoes " is nowhere to be found in the amendment as passed. The 8um and substance of this amendment con- sists in the fact that honey is now named as coming under the provisions of the old act respecting the adulteration of foods — aplace it always occupied though in common with other foods not specially named. P. S. I enclose you a copy of the amend- ment as finally passed. Owen Sound. Ont. May 21, WM\. [ Here is the act as finally passed. A sim- ple perusal will ahow that Mr. McKuight is correct. — Ed. Review.] " An Act further to amend the Act respect- ing the Adulteration of Food, Drugs and Agricultural Fertilizers. Her Majesty, by and with the advice and con- sent of the Senate and House of Commons of C'anada. enacts as follows: — 1. The Adulteration Act, chapter one hundred and seven of tlie Revised Statutes, is hereby amended by adding tlie following seition there- to immediately after section twenty-one:— 21 '■ A. The feeding to bees of sugar, glucose or any otlier sweet substance other than such as bees gatlier from natural sources with the intent that such substances shall be u- lbs., tin packages with a special fastening are now manufactured at a slight cost. " L'Apioulteur. — In connection with the above, and with remarks of Mr. West on page 117, the following quotation from the January number is suggestive : " There is a general complaint in France on account of the imperfect granulation of the honeys of the year ISM ; almost all remain liquid. This occurrence is in fact rather rare, but there is nothing to be disquieted about, ex- cept the annoyances in the shipping of re- tail packages, " and a correspondent writes, after speaking of the non-granulation of his honey, " It would be useful to know an easy method of hastening granulation, as many think that non-granulated honey is of poor quality. " The reason for the failure to granulate is supposed to be the moist atmosphere last fall. It is evidently uot detrimental to honey producers in France and Switzerland to sell granulated honey directly to the consumer. That it is here, is possible because we have been working against our own interests in keeping granulated honey so much out of sight of the public that it has become a a stra 'ge thing. Mr. F. (). Blair says on yage 181 of the American Bee .Journal:" I have a market in Trinidad for all the honey I can put it up in pails holding r>, 8, and 10 lbs., and of course it soon candies. The labels include directions for liquefying so as not to ruin the flavor. Each customer melts it to suit himself, and I hear no complaints." Leipzigek Bienenzeitung. — Schoenfeld is of the opinion that the continual feeding of sugar gradually weakens the digestive organs of bees, so that they succumb more readily to dysentery and bacilli. He partic- ularly condemns feeding sugar in large quantities, as it can not then be properly inverted, or changed to grape sugar, by the bees. Seven experiment stations in Switzerland have experimented on a total of ten colonies to see how none but old bees do the work ordinarily done by young ones. When the bees were flying most freely from a weak colony, it was removed from its place, and the queen returned to the flight-bees on the old stand, together with one frame of un- sealed brood and two of honey. Some such colonies displayed no disquietude, and others did ; one killed its queen. With that excep- tion, they acted exactly like young bees. The queen was fed, brood cared for, queens raised, comb built, and a division of labor instituted, exactly as if young bees were present. They assumed the appearance of young bees, with well filled abdomens, and like them tumbled from the combs when the hives were inspected. Rheinisohe Bienenzeitung. — One of Gra- venhorsts' methods of making artificial swarms is as follows ; all the bees of a strong colony are brushed into an empty hive with starters, which is given a new location, while the combs, with the old hive, remain THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 189 on the old stand. The latter receives maiiy old liight-bees, but most of the beea reiiiaiu with the swarm, if it is luade before llie bees take their play-spell, or if they are giveu a chauce to till theuisels witii houey. Though ordiuary artiticial swarms sometimes get the start of such a swarm, it makes it up later, siuce it contains more young bees. Gravenhorst's best colonies are formed by a oombiuation of the above with the ordin ary method. From colony A is made au artificial swarm C. consisting of the queen and part of the bees, which are put in an empty hive with starters on the old stand. Eight brood combs of A, with the bees on them, are put in the surplus apartment of a new hive in anew location. ()u tlie same day is made au artificial swarm D, by the method of the preceeding paragraph, from colony B. The best eight brood combs ( of course free of bees ) of B are put in the brood chamber of the hive which has receiv- ed the brood combs of A in its surplus apartment. This hive is now full, and is set on the stand of B. It parts with its flight bees, which return to the old stand of A, ( where C is ), but at the same time re- ceives the flight-bees of B. It has and con- tinues to have plenty of young bees, together with the flight-bees of one colony ( B ;, and resembles a colony which has swarmed, but which continues hard at work. A swarm from it may be reckoned on with certainty in 1.5 to 18 days it it swarms at all. While this swarm is out all cells are cut out, and the swarm is returned. (Iravenhorst in hiv- ing swarms uses starters at first and lets them build part of their combs, or ."> to 8 of the size he uses, then adds foundation or drawn combs. An advantage of the extractor which ex- tracts both sides of the comb at once, by revolving the separate couibs at the same time the reel revolves, is that the most deli- cate combs remain uninjured. The Bee-Keepers' Recobd. — In view of the dispute about the adulteratton of Oali- foroia honey, the quotation on page 77 should have been fuller. The article also says •' No doubt, a great deal of what passes as such [California honey ] is (juite innocent of hon- ey. It is largely adulterated, or is some- times even the output of a chemical labora- tory. Still, much of it is a very respectable article, carefully harvested, and put on the English market with all the precautions calculated to meet the public taste." The article from which this is taken was copied in the editorial columns of the British Bee Journal for October :5, e89r>. L'Arioui.Toi{E.— Editor Von Rauschenfels does not agree with De Layens' conclusions ( page 78 ) on the object of ventilation, but is with Dr. Dzierzon and Mr. Doolittle in thinking that the ripening of honey is due to the internal organs of the bee. Many other fanning bees must be in the hive be- sides those observed. Increased labor pro- duces greater heat, hence, more fanning. Fur ways that are dark and tricks that are vain, the granulation of honey is peculiar. Donienico Nonno reports that part of one lot of honey granulated, and the rest did not ; but does not make it clear whether the circumstances were exactly the same. I have heard of a case in which they were, so far as external evidence goes. A can of well- ripened, thoroughly homogeneous alfa- lfa ho ey was emptied into smaller vessels, allot the same kind, if I remember rightly. After some time the honey in some of the vessels had granulated, and in others had not. Abvada, Colo. May. 8, 1896. Honey and its Uses. M. S. LIDEU. The following was written for a " Honey Leaf- let, " and is published iu the Review that it may be criticised. By the way, but little criticism has beeu offered on the honey leaflets that have been printed in the Review.— Ed. HONEY has been known and used as an article of food and as medicine since the dawn of history. Mention has been made of it in all sacred books and in the writings which have of value enough to live down the ages. From man's earliest efforts to tell the story of his past up to the present time honey has held its place as the most delicious and healthful of sweets. In fact until two centuries ago it was the only sweet used in the preparation of human food, or as a sweet sauce o relish. It was practically driven out of man's economy by the use of sugar and syrups in their varied forms ; because these can always be manu- factured with uniformity, while honey, be- ing a natural product, a crop, gathered, not made, fluctuates with the honey flora and the vicisitudes which govern it, such as droughts, excessive heat, unintelligent hand- ling of bees, honey etc. 190 TiSE BEE'^EEPEttS' REVIEW, Then too, honey is usually raised by pri- vate individuals and to make it a success their entire time must be devoted to its pro- duction, while sugar makers and syrup mixers are usually giant corporations with trained corps of men to push the sales of their products, no matter how vile and un- wholesome they may be. And so, gradually, the persistence of the sugar interests over- shadowed the inherent usefulness of houey and it came to be looked upon as a luxury. Comb honey is a luxury in price — but not in reality. It is dearer because it costs more to produce it than the extracted, and is usually inferior because it is seldom rip- ened. Comb honey is sold by its appear- ance. Extracted honey is sold for its rich- ness and tijvor — in other words, it is looks against merit. Comb honey is removed from the hive at the earliest moment after it is capped over, to save it from the travel stain of bees that forget to wipe their feet. While extracted honey, when rightly pro- duced, is left to ripen on the hive before be- ing extracted and marketed. It is sealed in air tight packages and the honey comb from which it came is given to the bees again so they need not stop to build expensive comb when nectar in the flowers is wasting. In other words we give them no opportunity to " loaf on the boss, " and so they produce more honey because they have a place to put it. Extracted honey is " solid meat" and you pay for what you get and get what you pay for, namely honey. Honey as now produced will seldom make people sick as apiarists now use the "bee escape " ( a machine of delicate construction which allows the bees to leave the surplus part of the hive but will not permit their re- turn ) so that excessive smoking of the bees is winecessary. And so the honey is not tainted and the bees not irritated so that they void ihevirus their poison sac contains up- on the combs and honey. But if any one feels the least ill effect, a drink of sweet milk will give the gastric juice work to do and so the honey can enter the system as it should. Honey is the nectar of flowers and is mostly grape sugar, like the white sugar ex- uding from, and coagulating on raisins. The bees partly digesting it before storing it in the cells. When pure, ripened honey is taken into the stomach it is assimilated without effort unless the stomach is so mor- bid that gravity and bulk alone will distress it. Honey is so sensitive, as a product, that it varies in color, weight and flavor from climate and environment, even when gath- ered from a given source. So every climate, every flora, has a honey peculiar to itself. Most honey will granulate, candy or become hard from exposure to light and cold, hence, keep it in a dark warm room, as a top pantry shelf, for instance. Candied honey can be easily made liquid again by placing the vessel which contains it in warm ( not boil- ing ) water till liquefied when it will keep a long time without hardening again. Ho ey ( ? ) adulterated with sugar will precipitate and the heavier part gradually fall to the bottom of the vessel and be clear liquid above. Pure honey, if of good quality will granulate in very fine granulals or grains and may start to cloud and crystalize in any part of the vessel. TO DETECT POOR HONEY. Unripe honey may be detected by its sickening " syrupy " taste, and it is too sweet and leaves a raw after-taste. Honey produced in a country where the nights are cold is seldom thoroughly ripened. Much honey contains lobelia, a flower which is used as a drastic emetic. It can easily be told by its bad taste and bad after effects. Dog fennel and many wayside weeds and even some " tame flowers "are worked upon by the bees in times of scarc- ity which will contaminate the honey. It is well to shun all honey with an " off " taste to it. TO SELECT GOOD HONEY. Good, pure and ripened honey has a clear sparkling look, and ranges from a white ( i. e., transparent ) slightly tinged with yellow, to a deep yellow and brown. It should have no after-taste except a delicious richness. It is aromatic to the taste and in a slighter degree to the smell. ITS USES. Honey is the mo-t healthful and delicious of Nature's secretions either as a sauce, re- lish or delicacy It will cure or help cases of Indigestion, Mai Assimilation, Coughs, Colds and Lung trouble. Prevents and cures Croup and Diphtheria. Is useful in Gravel and other kidney diseases, includ- ing the dreaded Diabetes and Bright's di- sease. It is very efficacious in Constipation and torpid liver. It is a sedative and is helpful for the child and strengthing for the aged. The negro says " it makes one wise " ^at any event wise people use it as it is the i£iJ of their queens in the fall of isyp,, but my bees have continued healthy. Altogether there were four cases of queens sold in some quantity in which they kept informed of their condition, but the disease has not been transmitted through the queen, either in strange localities or in their own apiaries. id2 THE BEE-KEEPEHS' ME VIE] Seven coloaies bought one fall, placed nearly 200 yeards away from the other bees, in a spot which was well marked, dwindled badly from paralysis the next spring. Another lot purchased, which were kept en- tirely on their own combs, took the disease. Abvada, Colo. March 5, 189<1. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. Tebms :— $1.00 a yoar in advance. Two copies $1.90 ; three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more. 70 cents each. If it is desired to liave the Revi iw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued FLINT. MICHIGAN. JUNE JO. J 896. Eight extra pages again this month. California Bee-Keepers are very much in- censed because of the reports concerning the adulteration of their honey. I have re- ceived several vigorous protests against the publication of the Dayton article, some even going to far as to assail his character. Of course, 1 do not know in regard to the truth or falsity of these reports, but I feel that further discussion of the subject at present would be untimely. A feeling is being roused that can result in no good. This is simply another case of all talk and do noth- ing, and the Review must plead guilty this time. All of these "exposures, " whether they are true or not, simply injure the rep- utation of honey, and it will be a long time, I am thinking, before the Review will again be led into helping one along. Later — Since the foregoing was put in type I have received, from one of Califor- nia's most prominent bee keepers, a long, fair, reasonable letter, in which the writer tries, impartially, to do justice to all parties. As it is strictly confidential, I can give nei- ther name nor contents, but it has satisfied me that the Review has unwittingly injured California bee keepers and the reputation of their product, and 1 am sorry for it. Distillation of water may be effected, 86 writes J. O. West, of Fulton, Kansas, by means of a tea kettle with a long rubber hose attached to the spout. In parsing through the hose the steam is condensed. If it doesn't condense, lengthen the hose until it does. ••»jrmn*«^«^^ thefebkis wax extractor. This extractor is far ahead of anything that I have yet tried for rendering combs into wax. The ordinary wax extractors are all right in principle but lacking in capacity. The comb basket soon fills up with " slum gum " and this must be emptied if the work is to be continued. It must be emptied while it is fairly dripping with melted wax. One superiority of the Ferris is that it has two baskets, and as the refuse accumulates it can be shoveled over into one basket and be allowed to stand and drip while the other basket is kept busy melting more combs. These baskets are of such a size that five Langstroth combs, in the frames, can be hung in each basket. There is no cutting out of combs, and no loss of wax by bits of comb adhering to the frames. A float tells when the water is getting low, and it can be replenished without removing the extractor from the stove. Another thing, there is an arrangement whereby the steam is drawn off into the stove and goes up the chimney, thus avoiding filling the room with steam. Making beeswax is, at best, an unpleasant job, but the Ferris robs it of many of its un- pleasant features, and does the work thor- oughly and rapidly. A TRIP TO PHILADELPHIA. The Philadeplhia Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion is composed, mostly, of professional THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, Ids I men, such as doctors, lasvyers, florists, etc. , I meu who keep a few colonies of bees simply for recreation. If I mistake uot, Mr. Wro. A. Selser is the only professional bee-keep- er iu the whole lot, although a Dr. Lindsay atone time had as many as (!(_) or 70 colon- ies. This Association meets once a month. In the summer time the meeting is usually held at the home ( Wyncote ) apiary of Mr. Selser. At a recent meeting it was propos- ed that they secure the attendance, at one of the meetings, of some professional bee- keeper, who could give them a talk on hon- ey production and answer such questions as they might wish to ask, and the editor of the Review happened to be the fort inate mortal chosen to attend their May meeting. I left home Thursday morning on the Chicago and Grand Trunk railroad. Sixty miles away we came upon two interesting objects, viz., the St. Clair tunnel and the custom office official who examines all b g- gage except that belonging to through pass- engers, that is, those that are to again pass into the United States. It is quite amusing to see how differently different people " take it," while their l>elongings are bein? ran- sacked. Sometimes the examination is so slight and casual as to amount to nothi' g, that is, if we are to judge from appearances, then, again, it is quite searching. What a school it must be for studying hnman nature. As we approched the tunnel the doors and windows were all closed and the lamps light- ed. Down, down, we went, the embank- ments rising higher and higher on each side. Finally a wall rises up in front of us and we are in darkness except for the lamp light. What a grinding noise the brakes did make in the tunnel. As we entered the tunnel I glanced at my watch. In about two minutes, or a little less, the grinding noise stopped, showing that the brakes had been thrown off because the low- est level had been reached. The river under which the tunnel passes is about three- fourths of a mile wide, and in about three minutes we come out again into daylight and climb up the steep incline on the other side. As one thinks of the broad deep river flowing over his head while he is in the tun- nel there is a peculiar feelling comes over the mind. The engines that draw trains through the tunnel are of a peculiar pattern, very heavy with four small drivers on each side. About five o'clock we came to the Niagara river, and to me it was a disappointment. Of course, I was on the watch for it, and as we approched a ravine I noticed, off" a little to one side, a canti-lever liridge, but it seemed so short and sinill that it did not seem possible that so sinill a bridge could span the greit Niagara, but we were soon hanging in the air smpau l^d up)a great cables, and as I looked di>wn, perhaps 1.50 feet, and saw a rapid fcj.iining stream be- neath, I knew it must be Niagara, but it cer- tainly did not look broader than our little Flint river. And away down within ten feet of tliat rapid current an electric car went spinning along. By looking up the river a faint glimpse of the falls can be seen, but the distance, mist and position are all against a favorable view. In talking this m itter over with Mr. Selser, whose guest 1 was while at Philadelphia, he said he believed that my experience was that of nine out of ten people, that is, that the first view of Niagra is disappointing ; it does not come up to the expectations aroused by pictures and descriptions, but, as one con- tinues to gaze, the wonder grows, and the locality is left with a feeling that the falls are really astupenduous wonder. Before we had gone fifty miles into York State I was asleep iu my berth, and not once did I wake until daylight was creeping in around the curtains. When I came home in the day time over the same route, and it took all day, it did not seem possible that I could have gone over such a long distance utterly unconscious. Seven o'clock in the morning I stepped off the train at Wyncote, and was at once met and recognized by " mine host, " Wm. A. Selser. He recognized me from having seen my picture ; and then, of course, he was expecting me. A short walk brought us to fine grounds with gravel walks, stone walls, a little stream of water dashing down over rocks and shells, a perfect grove of grand old forest trees, and back of all a fine home. Almost unconsciously, the question sprang to my lips, " Is the bee business your only business, Mr. Selser?" •' Yes, " he replied, " all the business that I have now. I was engaged in the manufac- ture of morocco leather, but there was a change in the process of tanning just at the time of the panic of 18!t"_', and the costly experimenting and loss of enormous amounts due forced our company to suspend oi)era- tions. " It would have been possible for the 194 THF BE1!]-KEEPERS' REVxjjjW. members of the firm, by taking advantage of legal technicalities, to have saved !|100, 000 for each one, but they preferred to fail honorably. It was during these financial troubles that Mr. Selser turned, for relief, to the care of a few colonies of bees that he possessed. He became more and more in- terested, bought more bees, went into queen rearing, dealing in supplies etc. I think his home-yard now numbers some 200 colon- ies, and he has, I believe, three out-apiaries. He produces mostly extracted honey, For one just beginning in queen rearing his trade last year was usually good, he having sold nearly 1.000 queens that year. He has an excellent trade in extracted honey, going out almost every day with his wagon deliv- ering honey to grocers in the city. Of course he has to buy much of the honey that he sells, but he is very particular in buying to get none but the best. He finds it difficult to get enough white clover honey to supply the demand. As you will see by his advertisement in this issue of the Re- view, he would pay as much as ten cents a pound for strictly pure white clover honey. Any one having any for sale would do well to correspond with him, as he will pay that price and pay it promptly, too. He is also agent for The A. I. Root Company's goods, and all who are in his part of the country cannot do better than to patronize him, as I am sure they will meet with promptness and fair dealing. Mr. Selser told me that while he never expected to become rich, that the bee business is not one that will enable any one to amass great wealth, he is really happier than he was when he had up- on his shoulders the responsibility of a great business — one that sometimes reached nearly a million dollars a year. The suburbs of Philadelphia are really beautiful. Out for several miles, the coun- try is occupied by the homes of wealthy men doing busipess in the city. Each place con- sists of several acres. Perhaps from ten to twenty acres in each little farm. Then there is the palatial home' with its barn and out buildiugg, the grounds being kept in first class condition. The afternoon of Fri- day was spent by Mr. Selser and myself driving through such scenery as this. One portion of this drive was along the Wissi- hickon and it was one of the most delight- ful that I think I ever took. The Wissi- hickon is a good sized stream with high precipitious banks, and the people have had 1 the good sense to leave a good strip of woods on each side, for several miles, in all of its natural wilderness. A roadway has been cut into one of the banks, and it is realljr like driving right through the forest, witl the brawling stream on one side and over' head the leafy branches through which th( sunshine sifts down in golden flecks. Th^ road winds and winds, showing new beauties at each turn. No wonder Bro. Selser and myself opened our hearts and felt as though we had known each other for years. It is an ideal place for a lovers' stroll — if ever a lover could bring himself to " speak out, " it would be in this romantic spot. In the evening there was a gathering of periiaps fifteen or twenty of the leading members of the Association at Bro. Selsers'. There was a game of ten-pins followed by light refreshments. In short, during my whole stay it seemed as though nothing was left undone to make my visit a pleasant The next morning, in company with Mr. Hahman, I went downtown to see the sights, such as the City Hall, Independence Hall, Academy of fint Arts, Wauamaker's store, etc. The Wanaraaker store is one of the largest, if not the largest, department store there is in the world. It covers a whole square, and is really a collection of dififer- ent kinds of stores, or of stores that handle different kinds of goods, all under one man- agement. To me the most interesting de- partment was that of the cashier's. It was on the second floor, in a cage perhaps twenty feet square. From all parts of the building, came pneumatic tubes to this cage. In cylinders that fit these tubes money ia brought from all parts of the building and the change sent back. These tubes come down in a row just inside the cage — that is, the row is conti nous, goes all around inside the cage, and a row of young ladies are so busy with quick brains and nimble fingers, counting the money and sending back the change. To look at them it doesn't seem as though they stopped at all to count the money, it seems as though they were sim- ply machines, but I did notice that every sil- ver dollar was thrown down forcibly to see if it would " ring, " before it was put away. Speaking of the silver dollars reminds me of my visit to the United States mint where these silver dollars are made. I wonder how many people really know exactly how coins are made, I know that my own knowledge .tUJL BH^h-KEEPERS REVIEW, 195 on the subject was rather vatjue, iu fact I had a sort of idea that the coins were nm iu mold- somethiugaa fatlier used to run bul- lets iu a mold, and it is true that the met- al is run into a mold, but it is in the shape of a bar a foot long, half an in thick and wide enough for making silver dollars. These bars are passed between rollers until they are reduced iu thickness to that of a dollar, and in the meantime they have beeustret h- ed out to a length of perhaps four feet. Tliese thin strips of silver are then passed nnder a die that " chanks, chank*, chanks, " out the smooth, round cart wheels. The strips from which the blank dollars have been cut are, of course, remelted, and so perfect is the system of weighing and check- ing that theft is certain to result in detec- tion. The blank pieces of metal are placed in a tube from which they are fed automaticF.Uy into a machine that stamps both sides at the same time. It will be seen that that the whole process of coining money is done while the metal is cold, if we except the first melting and running into bars. Perhaps one other point ought to be excepted, and that is the rolling, in which the friction is so great that the rolls some- times become so heated, especially in hot weather, that work has to be stopped until they cool. Strange feelings came over me as I entered Independence H^ll. Here is where was signed the Declaration of Independence. Here may be seen a /ac .s?»u7e copy of this wonderful document. The original ie in Washington and is being preserved with great care as it is becoming badly faded, some of the signatures being entirely gone. To think that it is only a little more than 100 years ago that this country was declared free and independent — what a wonderful growth and improvement ! In Indepen- dence Hall are many relies, such as furni- ture that belonged to the Father of his coun- try, the cracked old Liberty Bell, etc. \fter dinner Mr. Hahtnau and myself ski(iped out ten miles on one of the electric roads to the Wyncote apiary of Mr. Selser, where we found perhaps 2.") or :{2, Two sides to that question, comrade M. : and it is doubtful if we ever get it fully settled. To a large extent it is purely a matler of taste ; and tastes difi'er — and also may change decidely from generation to generation. If <^ there had never been a journal printed on the globe, and we were just beginning, we should have at first an excess of personality and egotism on the part of the editors, After awhile the readiug public would get disgusted, and call for a comi)lete reform so decidedly as to insure for a time a sort of editing almost entirely impersonal. Then sooner or later the public ( or the public's grand-children ) would begin to wonder what sort of critters editors were anyway, and wish they would occasionally say something about themselves. In the course of time this feeling would make itself felt until some of the editors would drop the imper- sonal style. Now I take it that the history of journalism for the past 150 years hai been something like the above. And I have a sneaking motion that the current imper- sonality of editors is an error and a nuisance — a nuisance which is tolerated not for its own sake, but because it renders im- possible the much worse nuisance of editor- ial garrulity and self parading. If this idea is correct, has not the time fully come when the true editor should seek to avoid both evils, and strike the golden mean between too many personal confidences to his readers j and absolute, boodh— like inscrutability ? fHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 197 'Speots the dynasty of king Log is almost played. •JohiiF. (rates has been writing for A. B. K. some articles lately on Successful Bee Keeping. See pages ;5r>, 81 and 117. The npicnltural plan of gettinar swarms, and swarms only, from large box hives, and running these swarms for surplus only in good frame hives is advoc ited. This is an attractive plan. Let us have in the near future some more reports of actual results in different locations, and in the hands of different men. Friend Gates thinks it well to cater a little to the interests of those stubborn folk who will winter their bees out doors any way. So. Some practitioners would prescribe extermination for those folks who will not do as well as they can. Oh page 83 friend W. J. Davis makes me laugh by his proposed modification of the hive for use in the Gates method. Totally different hiye — might almost as well consider a gasoline motor carriage a modification of the wheelbarrow. Still, on its own merits, the Davis hive may be a good one. And here are some ot the nuggets of wis- dom from friend Gates ; " Do not disturb the boos in wintor by iHgffing at tlio liive entrance to ke >p it open. * * * If I should say, be careful not to let the entrnnce get cloKKod with ice, some might be a f tor them every day with brooms, shovel, tongs, hammers, kiiive«, etc. " '■ Don't always do a thing the first time you think of it, but tliink of it a number of times before you do it ; and if it suits you then do a little of it." A. B. K. 117. I hardly think it is worth while to run after the absurd statements about bees that can often be found in newspapers ; but when the like gets into our own journals it is high time to protest, as T do about the following fro'Ti A. B. K. 43. •'But it is a still more curious fact that these hrigand bees can be produced artificially by giving working boes a mixture of honey and brandy to drink. Tho bees soon acquire a taste for this beverage, which has the same disastrous effects upon them as ui)on men. They become ill disposed and irritable and lose all desire to work, and fiUHlly, when they bagin to feel hun- gry, they attack and plunder the well supplied hives. " What else could a beginner trusting to the guidance of the American Bee Keeper do than believe this nonsense ? There is not a word to indicate that it is aught else than reliable truth. On page ."SI of A. B. K. Doolittle gives it as his matured judgement that bees do not do (juite as well in a painted hive as in an uiipainted one — not quite so dry in winter ; and interior dryness in winter time is one of the most important considerations that can be. And here is a good " kink ; " " To prev(f. w irry the fowls fcjany exU'it, aud the fowls do not eat the young queens — nor even the dr )ne^. A. B. K 11!(. Of the num=)rous methods of fastening comb when transferring, Doolittle hasset- t'el on Pa inch wire nails lhru«t through brad holes in the frames. A. B. K. 116. Bessie L Putnam writes very aftractively, on page 113, of the flower garden with refer- ence to bees ; but somehow while I admire I cannot agree. She wants to know why not, in making our fliral selections, select to favor the bees. Good reason why. The most of us want as our stand-bys flowers combining certain desirable qualities— ( 1 ) Beauty ; ( 2 ) A period of bloom covering most of the season ; ( 3 ) Availability for cut- 198 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REV-'^^.l-^ ting as well as for looking at where they grow ; ( 4 ) That they be of easy culture, and not ruined too easily by disease or enemies. Our list of flowers filling these four simple requirements is aivfuUy short. The Perpet- ual Roses, the Geraniums, the Phlox, and the Carnations, — and that's about the end of it. Even to this short list there might be a demurrer or two. Many find the roses too hard to raise. And the point we are just now making for is that not one of the flowers named above is a first rate nectar producer. I want to digress a little here. I sit look- ing down the center space of my apiary which is ablaze with phloxes, and has been for a long time. I want to inquire if most lovers of flowers are not half asleep as to the merits of the Phlox Drummondii. Ur has the flower a consciousness, and so great pleasure in finding one appreciative lovf r that it doe. for me what it does for nobody else ? With me it comes up in the fall as the pansies do. These young plants ( more or less of them ) winter over, and go into business early in the s[)ring, long before the perennial pholoxes tlimk of such a thing as showing a flower. THE GENERAL ROUND-LJP, Bisulphide of carbon vapor for keeping combs ! Who knows but that may be a win- ning idea ? It is given by E. B. Mann, in Gleanings H5(>. The weak point is likely to be the rapidity with which it gets away and leaves no trace. Witii a crack anywhere the moth might " try, try again." What may be the most valuable point of all was not mentioned. Full grown larv» are very hard to kill with sulphur, and the bisulphide is likely to "go to the spot" more reliably. At any rate we'll hope so till some one re- ports the contrary. Miss Wilson says that at Dr. Miller's they often find a full winged queen in the hive, at the first spring examination, when the record says, clipped queen. This shows how often supersession takes place " unbeknownst us. " Gleanings 2r>7. C. Davenport in Gleanings 258 says he sometimes makes introducing safer by mak- ing the colony broodless as well asqneenless, bringing back the brood from the place where it has temporarily been placed when the queen is well established. Ernest says thumbs up— right thumb up against the V-edge — and be sure you nail your Hoffman frames so you can do so. Davenport says about as many apiaries have them the opposite way as the orthodox way, and that if an orthodox man should buy un- orthodox hives they would not mix well at all. Gleanings 258. Frank Mc. Nay presents an improvement on the entrance guard in Glemiu^js 261, The idea is to keep the guard on all sum- mer, and open or shut it with a simple slide according as there may or may not be need of it. I wonder why all guards were not made with slides long ago. Doolittie says that in delayed after swarms the young queen occasionally mates during the swarming flight. Gleanings 2(58. I should think that such a thing would usually result in the bees going back to the old hive. Mrs. Axtell in the American Bee Journal 258, strikes an importani subject in regard to keeping dead bees cleared up in the cel- lar when there are human beings trying to live above. Otherwise the corpse like smell of dead bees can be noticed in the family rooms when one first comes in from pure out-door air. In one such case of dead-bee- smelling rooms which she personally notic- ed both man and wife were in poor health, and the wife did not live long. A word such as this to the wise certainly ought to be suf- ficient. In A. B J. 268 William Webb kindly offers to send "pizen" honey to any one who is skeptically anxious to eat it and throw up his socks. Quite a bit of evidence on honey poisoning is given on the same and adjacent pages. Not to be recommended, but still interest- ing, is C. Davenport's experience given A. B. J. 28.'). He had a lot of nice section honey turned very green by a very green assistant, who sulphured it in his absence. Soaked it in two waters for some 12 hours. This re- moved the color, but resulted in some dam- age by the wood swelling. The soaked sections were then temporarily put on hives, with the result that ihe bad scrape was got out of without much loss. Why would not bisulphide of carbon vapor be very much safer than sulphur for comb honey ? Let me see, isn't that all? Ah, no. Last month in a certain journal called the Keview, and in the writings of one Hasty, there were an extra swarm of petty typograhpical er- rors, besides a misplaced line, and an " out " whereby Dr. Miller got oft" with half the pelting that was intended for him. RicuAUDS, Ohio ; May 28, 18!)G. rHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 199 eXTRT^^OTED. A Capital Method of selling Honey Direc^, Without Solicitinpr or Peddling. What Mr. K, Mc. Kuight of Oweu Sound, Canada says is always to tlie point, and of some practical value. Here is somethintj that he contributed to May Gleanings, that is right in line, in practicability, with his other contributions. " Some years ago, when 1 began to pro- duce honey by the ton, I relinquished the home market, leaving it to small producers, although I have still a considerable local de- maud. I have not offered a pound of honey to any one in this town of 8rt)0 inhabitants for over ten years, and I have never since been able to meet the demand without pur- chasing from others. How have I found my customers ? you may ask. This is how: I took up ' Bradstreet's Report, ' and turn- ed to Manitoba and the Canadian North- west. In every city, town, and village 1 se- lected and listed the names of grocers, drug- gists and fruit dealers, taking great care to enter the names of none but those who were rated as ' good. ' To each of these I mail- ed a price list ( one of which I inclose, which you will notice is dnted seven years ago, a'>d is the last I needed to send out ). From that day to the present I have not had to seek a customer. " of our bees is all but universal, and, since I have ventured, more than once, to stand alone in condemning it, I must give my reasons for so doing. Apis ilorsata has been hunted up, although it is known to be a use- less savage, simply because it is big, and that by the very persons who claim that the smaller hive bees are the best, in that they give their vote generally to the yellow va- rieties. Fortunately, it is in the very nature of things ian>racticable to ' hybridize' our hive bees with dorsald, over which we may inscribe, ' l\'e({uit'sc(it in pace.'' But it is still necessary to point out that, the smaller the creature, the greater relative- ly, are its powers, both for a mechanical and a physiological reason. First, other things being equal, as an animal is enlarged, its weight increases as the cube, and its strength as the square only, of the ratio of the lineal increase. The botanical reason for desiring no alter- ation was expounded in Vol. 1. Flowers and bees have been constantly interlacing. The build of every horet is adapted to that of its fertilizer, and, could we suddenly in- crease the dimensions of our hive bees, we should throw them out of harmony with the floral world around them, decrease their utility, by reducing the number of plants they could fertilize, and diminish equally their value as honey gatherers. Mechanics, physiology, economics, and botany alike, show any craving after mere size to be an ill-considered and utiscientiflc fancy, for which it would be difficult to find even an excuse. " Larger Bees not Wanted. In all this talk about Apis Dorsata, and in trying to increase the size of our own bees, I have often thought of the views ex- pressed on this subject by Cheshire, and I think that I have before referred to the sub- ject, possibly given a quotation, but, at the present time, it may not be out of place to give the quotation entire. I may say that my attention was called particularly to the matter just now by an article in Gleanings, by Dr. Miller, in which he shows that there is a difference in the size of bees, and that something might be done to increase their size. He admits, however, that he can see no gain except that they could gather honey from red clover. But, Dr., red clover is passing away — it is succumbing to insect foes, and other clovers are taking its place. Following the Doctor's article is the edito- rial foot note, and in it appears this extract from Cheshire. " The last point ( size ) is one upon which great misapprehension abounds. The idea that it is desirable to increase the dimensions How Crimson Clover Succeeds in Michigan. Crimson clover is attracting much atten- tion as a honey plant, and all are interested to know how far North it will succeed. Our Michigan Agricultural College has just issued a bulletin on the subject, and I copy from it the following: — "Returns from seventeen counties in the Lower Peninsula indicate that Crimson Clover passed the winter of 18!).'). 6 much bet- ter than the preceeding winter. The steady cold during March this year was favorable, but the variable weather of the last few days of that month and the first week in April destroyed some pieces that were in good condition up to that time. On sandy lands, particularly in the western part of the state. Crimson Clover which had a good start last fall has in many cases passed the winter and spring with little or no injury. On heavy soils in exposed situations it has usual- ly killed out. On the College farm several seedings of .July and August on sandy soil, some of it low, passed the winter safely and are now looking fairly well, while another piece sown later on heavy soil in a young peach orchard is fully three fourths killed, the injury being mainly done during the first week in April. The reports indicate that many still prac- tice seeding in the spring, notwithstanding 200 TBE BEt:XEEPERS' REVIEW. that directions ate generally given to sow in summer or early fall. The results from spring seeding have in some cases been more favorable than might have been expect- ed, particularly when sown on rather low, damp soils, and cut for hay or pastured be- fore reaching maturity. In such cases some pieces have made good summer and fall pasture. The best results on the whole however have come from mid-summer seed- ing, giving the plants a good st^rt before winter. Last summer being very dry, many seedings failed to catch, or the young plants died from the drouth before becoming well established. We would again state that Crim«on Clover is an animal and that its use as a general farm crop in Michigan appears to be ex- tremely limited. Only in rare situations can it be depended upon for hay in this state, the chances being especially small wlien sown in the spring. As a catch crop for fertilizing purposes, particularly in orchards, it possesses j/reater promise and in certain favorable soils, and situations it now seems likely to prove of permanent value. " The Good that Might be Expected From " Amalgamation. " P. H. Elwood shows most unmistakeably, by an article in Gleanings, that he does not misunderstand the matter of uniting the North American and the Union. He says: — " It is a pity that the Bee-keepers' Union, while \inder the efficient management of Thos. G. Newman, could not have taken up the matter of adulteration. Undoubtedly it would have done so had tlie bee-keepers of this country thrown all of their energies in- to one organization instead of dividing them between two. It will require a united front and some money to stop this business. At a time when the U ion so much needs the cordial support of every i telligent bee- keeper of the United States, it seems unwise to refuse the admission of the North Ameri- oan, for this is really what this society is asking of us. The constitution advised by the amalgamation committee differs but slightly from the present constitution ; and I can not see that it will impair the usefulness of the Union, while it will bring to us a large and valuable support. The management remains the same, vested in a board of di- rectors selected by the votes of all the mem- bers of the Union, as at present. The pop- ular annual meeting, if such is held, has no control over the funds of the Union — neither directs its policy nor elects any of its officers. I can understand why the Canadians op- pose the amalgamation, as they probably foresee that it will be found impractical to make the new Union international. For several years the usefulness of the North American has been seriously impaired, and its existence imperiled, if not shortened, by a long-continued quarrel between the Americans and the Canadians. I suggest that the present time would be a favorable opportunity to end this belligerency by each party consenting to mind its own business. By making the Union a national organiza- tion we shall be at liberty to attend to the question of adulteration of our products, and the eliactment of such laws as may be necessary to wipe it out ; and if, at any fu- ture time, the board of directors conclude that the Union can assist in any way in marketing honey, there will be opportunity to do so. It may be found practical to dis- seminate information as to the relative needs of different markets and different parts of the country for shipment of honey. \)ar -w^eM}/ American Bee Journal is pub- lished at the present headquarters of the Union, and information as to the weekly receipts and further needs of the chief dis- tributing-points could be quickly dissemin- ated. In some such way an intelligent over- sight of the markets might be had, of much service to honey-producers, with no invest- ments, and at not a heavy expense. It would not do to use Canadian money for this purpose, nor would it be advisable for us to try to assist them in a work that they could do so much better themselves. But more important than any exchange or possible supervision is the thorough de- Vdlopmetit c f aliome market by every bee- keeper. The bee-keepers of this part of the country could easily sell all they produce in their home markets when such amount does not exceed a ton, and is put up in such form as to suit the demand of consumers. This would reduce the amount sent to the cities or main distributing points, so that prices would materially improve, ADVERTISEMENTS If the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former by raising this journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." JOHN F. STRATTON'S Celebrated Band Instruments DRUMS, FIFES, Piccolos and Band Supplies. Send for JOHN F. STRATTON Catalogue. 81 1,813,815,817 E. 9th St.,'N.Y. flease mention the Heuiew THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 201 ^ Aro yon Looking fo^ Queens? .Look here. I h;ive a nico lot READY TO MAIL. Plenty 7iiore coming on. Eiioiif;li hon- ey trominK in to secure the rearing of j^ood queens. How does this strike you. Try ni'' ami see how quickly I can ge the queens to you. One (jueen, 7.t cfs, ; six for $8.7.t ; one dozen. $0.7.'). Safe arrival guaranteed. 1-%-tf J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. Mutti's : NEY EXTRACTOR PERFECTION Cold-Blast Smokers Squzire Glz^ss Honey Jz^rj, Etc. For Circulars, apply to ('has. F. Muth & Son ('or. Freeman & ('entral Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOc. (or Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. 7-96-tf. Pleasp Mention the Revieu — If yon wish the best, low-dprice — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing SQch a machine. KANSAS Bee - Keepers, save freight by buying supplies of Henry L. Miller, (saccessor to Miller & Dunham) Topeka, Kan. Write for catalogue, also free copy of his pa- per the RURAL K A NS AN -About Bees, Horticulture, Poultry, Live Stock, The Home, etc. Please mention the Review. TAYLOll S COMB LEVELER. With the aid of drawn combs, swarming can be nearly prevented when working for comb honey, and the crop of white comb honey great- ly increased, but to have the honey gilt-edged, th; comb levelcr is indispensable. It is hand. 80:ne and well made, and sent by mail for $l.'-'5. THE HANDY HIVE. The wire-end. Handy Hive is well adapted to either the house or the open yard. Sample hive sent by freight for 52.0U. The slotted and cleated separator will last a life time, and is uiequaled in securing perfect combs for ship- ment. Sample by mail, I.') cts. ITALIAN QUEENS. First class leather colored or yellow Italian queens, bred from imported mothers, and pu- rity o mating and safe arrival guarauieed. Single queen, $1.<«I; six for $5.00; twelve, or more, 75 cts. B. TAYLOR, Forestville, Minn. Please mention the Reuieuj. The Land of Honey, The Italy of America ! Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: sen E. 2nd St., Los Angeles, California. PIpnse mention the Review r There is a Difference in Bees. Every owner of a large apiary knows this — knows that some colonies store more honey than others, that some are more easy than others to handle, that some are more hardy and winter bettar than others. For 17 years 1 hivve been breeding up a strain of Italian bees possossing these desirable qualities in a high degree. Reports from customers prove my success. A trial order will convince. Warranted queens, $1.00 ; six for $5.00. Tested, $1.75. After June, 1 warranted (lueen, 80 cts.; ti for $4.0tJ; tested. Si. .50. J. P. MooUE, Morgan, Ky. 0 96-lt In Answering This .Vd be Sure and Mention the Review, t 202 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW TRt^ JlEEli JjOTES Warranted Queens by return mail 65 cts. each. A record is kept of the brood of all warranted queens sent out, and such as show that they have mismated are replaced. My queens are all reared from breeders that I would not exchange for any in the world. Am well equiped for the business ; give it my personal attention ; rear all the queens I sell, and do not intentionally send out any except the best. Those who prefer buying untested queens will find it to their in- terest to write for descriptive circular and prices, as I have Italianized my neighbors' bees free of cost for my own protection, and seldom have a queen mismate. Diseases among bees are unknown in this section. Try a Tar Heel Queen, and if I fail to treat you right report me. Money Order office Warrenton. 3-96-tf W. H. Pf^IDGEri, CPeekj \i. C. Please mention the Review. Tested Queens $1.00. After April Ist I can furnish tested queens, reared last year from the best five-banded stock, at $1 00. Queens from imported stock at the same price. Will have untested queens the first of May. W A. COMPTON, Lynnville, Tenn. COMB FOUNDATION. Made by automatic machinery, and at greatly reduced prices, in fact, The Cheapest of All! FALCON POLISHED SECTIONS. Finest made. Also a full line of Higginsville Supplies. First class goods Catalog and sam- ples free. I pay 30 cts. cash, or 32 cts trade, for wax 7 R. R.'s and 4 Express Co.'b here. 4-96-tf Springfield, Illinois. W. J. FINCH, Jr., JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED BirminghamSteelStrings J^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, Banjo . J5^ Fimst Made. Extra Plated. HAPI MAT Warranted not to rust. Send for Catig JOHN F. STRATTON, Importer, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811.81^, 815, 817 E. 9thSt., N.Y. Oirwl imn r.r(MI 0 R I & I N A L 5 BINGHAM Have a Wondermi Record. HAVE LASTED 17 YEARS. 5 Best Oil Earth. Give Perfect SaMactloii J t My cool Wire Handle and Bent Nose were V J patented 1892, are the original, my best in- { * vention since my open or direct draft pat- * J ent in 1878. That revolutionized Bee - Smo C J kers. My Handle and Nose Patent bent all J * the other smoker noses. None but Bingham * ? Smokers have all the host iniprovements. > ^ If you buy ^. _-'^jEUSKN & SONS, (SOLE MANUFACTURERS), 3-90-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co., N.Y Please mention the Review, rtlt: UKh^-KEEFERS REVIEW. 203 YOUNG QUEENS BY RETURN MAIL. Hied from our Imrdy strain of GRAY CARNIOLANS and GOLDEN ITALIANS. Un- tested (jueen, To cts. ; tested $1.50. If you want a fine imported or a select, tested, breediuy queen, or bees by the pound, nuclei, or full colonies, we can furnish you at bot- tom prices. We never saw foul or bee paralysis. Satisfaction guaranteed. Price list free. 5%.tf F A. LOCKHART & CO., Lake George, N. Y. New and second hand FOUNDATION MILLS for sale, clieap. Vandervort, Dun- ham, Pelham and Root mills, all at your own price ! Write, saying what you want. LEAHY M'F'G CO., Hieginsyille, Mo. 4-96-6C Pl-a,e mention the Reuiew. Potatoes Polaris, a fine early po- tato, Beauty of He- bron, (freen Mountain, »««'»•'■<••. «ir>>. •.•.«« a very fin*' late p<>'at<), }F1.~5 perbbl. of li peckH. Catalonuo, tloHcribint; 20 newest and host varietses, free 2 !'t) tf J. P. A\ICHAE1., Gr««ovilI^, Obio. f-lease mention the Reuiew. A O |b fj To my customers and friends : I X \M lA Please remember that W H. I II if II Laws is again headquarters for Italian queens. 1 breed notliinp but larjie, well-developed queens, either (iolden or Li^ather-coliTod. My (jolden strain is from f )oolittie'8 original ONE HUNDRED DOLLAR QUEEN sent me after he had reared over 1,000 (jueena from her. For businefrs and beauty, my bees are unexcelled. Price of queens, e;ich. $1.1)0; six for $4.50. Tested, $1.25. Breeders, $1 to $i. Ad- dress 4 95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark. W. H. BRIGHT'S CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing needed in tlie apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec- tions, sprayiuf,' pumps and Bright's comb foun- dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one fiee. WM. H. BRIGHT, l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn. ' Foundation 81 Sections. ' For several years the local supply dealer of this place has taken and sold to surrounding bee keepers any supplies that I have taken in ex- change for advertising. The last two seasons have been poor, and sec- tions and foundation have accumulated to such an extent that, consid- ering the uncertainties of the future, I think it advisable to offer these goods to the wider circle of customers that may be found through the columns of the Re- view. The following is a list of what 1 have and the prices at which they will be sold. Dis- counts, according lo quantity, on more than 1, (XX) sections or 10 lbs. fdn. Write about it. r t SECTIONS. 7,000 (4. R. Lewis Co. at $2..50ppr 1,000. 10,000 ./, Forncrook A' ( 'o., at S2..50 per 1,000. S.UOO Page & Keith at $2.50 per l,0<)(i. .3,0(K) (1 H. Towns, nd at $2.50 per 1,000. I.IKMJ Root, at *2 5li. 8,0tl0 Berlin Heights at $2.25 per 1. 000. 5,000 J. M. Kinzie, at $2.25. All ttie sections are 4J4 x 4^4 x 7-to-the-foot. FOUNDATIOfl. 4^ lbs. W. J Finch, thin for surplus, at .50 cts. 7 il)s. Hunt, thin for surplus, at 50 cts. lO'i IbiJ. VanDensen, thin for mrplus, at .50 cts. 24>4 lbs Dailant, thin for surplus, at W cts. ^. Z. HQTGHinSOn, Flint, Michigan. 204 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW/*, Ten Gents a Pound for White Glover, Extracted Honey. I liave a city trade tliat demands this kind of honey, and 1 will pay 10 cts. for strictly white clo- ver honey. If you have any such, mail a sample to Wm. A. SELSEB, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Goldsn RuIg Apiary. Headquarters for those lnr>;e Golden, Italian Queens, warranted PURELY MATED. Equal to any, superior to many. Bred for business and gentleness Single queen in June, 7U cte. ; 6 for 1^3.75. Single queen in July, no cts. ; 6 for $3,25. Best breeders, 5f3 50 each. Safe arrival suarranteed. E. A. SEELEY 6.9t)-5t Bloomer, Ark. ( Money order P. O., Lavaca, Ark.) Please mention the Reuietu Red Glover Oueens. It has long been my aim to get bees that would work on rod clover, and I now have 100 colonies of large, beautiful Italians that work well on red clover, and stored a nice lot of surplus from this source last year. I can furnish untested queens at (55 cts., or two for $1.25. Warranted queees,80 cteeach.ortwofor$l 50. Tested, $1.25. Select tested, $2.00. Perfect satisfaction guar- anteed. CM. IIICKS, 4-96-tf. Hicksville, Md. f Pag^ Sr Lvon M'f'g Co, *^^ ' NewLon don. Wis , operates two sawmills that cut, annually, eight milliim feet of lum- ber, thus securing the best lumber at the lowest pr ce for tihe manufacture of bee- keepers' supplies. They have also just completed one of the Largest Factories, and have the latest and most iinpi(>ved niacliinery tor the manufacture of Bee- Hives, Sections, etc. that there is in the State. The material is cut from pat- terns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For secdons, the clearest and *< Whitest BevjjwoocI is used, and they are polished on both sides. Nearness to pine and basswfiod forests, and possession of mills and fac- tory ecpiiped with best machinery, all combine to enable this firm to furnish the best goods at Lowest Prices. j^^ Forin- imce, it has a job lot of 200,000 No. 2 soctions that will be sold at 50 cts per 1.000 or 2,000 snow - wliite sections will be sold for $4.00, and larger quantities at still lower prices. Send for circular and see tlie prices on a full line of supplies. Please mention the Reuieui. FOR n IITr "^ little less than a yearag > I bought rl II I r ** uice flute, and was making quite I LU I b gt)()d headway in learning to play when I was tiken sick. Then came Ivy"s illness, and it has been months since I have touched tlie instrument As I look ahead it suems as though the days, for many more months to come, would n ■ I r bo so full of work that I shall not nfll r have the time for practicing that is WHLLi necessary in order to become a good player. Reluctantly I have decided to sell the flute. It is an eight-keyed instrument of Grrenadilla wood, with tuning slide, cork joints, German Silver caps and trimmings, and embouchure, and cost $15.00. It is put up in a cloth covered box. embossed in gilt, that cot-t 90 cts. I also have an instruction book, " Ber- biguier's Method for the Flute, " that cost $3. 00. The book is a little the worse for wear, but it is " all there. " Yes, and there is a cleaner that cost 25 cts. The entire outfit cost me a trifle over $19.00, but 1 will sell it for $10 00 cash, or I would accept $12 00 worth of nice, white ex- tracted honey in exchange for it. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. JOHN F. STRATTON CELEBRATED BANJOS, Importeriofsnd VVhoUialeDealeraiaall klcdiof MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, Violins, Guitars, Banjos. Mandolines, Accordeor..i Harmnnh^s ir Wright Quick Repair, or some other first-class pneumatic tire. ISEAKINGS— Ball bearings to every part, including wheels, crank axle, steering head and pedals. CUPS AND CONES— Best quality tool steel, carefully tempered and hardened. CHAINS— High grade hardened centers, rear adjustment. CRANKS— Our celebrated one-piece crank, fully pro- tected bv patents; no cotter pins. RE.VCH— Shortest, -J.s inches: longest. 37 inches. OEAR — 64 or 72. FItON r FOllK— Indestructible: fork crown made from gun-barrel steel. HANDLE BAR — Reversible and adjustable; easilv adjusted to .nny position desired; ram's horn fur- nished if ordered. S.\IH>1jE — P. « within t)^ miles of my homo apiary, except five colonies, and these I have Italianizi'd I'.d h.ive pennisiiun to control their drones. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeuiug pure Italian queens. 1 have liiul over twenty years' exper enoe in lirof Italiaii'^in singh-- storv. S-frame, 1). T hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, $27,50 ; lOcolonies. $50.00; one frame nucleu.s, $1."'0; two frame, $1.7.5. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tebted qiori. 2. IK). Selpct tested (ineeu. *y nO. A't.'r May 1st, one tested qneen. $1 50; .3 for $4.00: 6 for $7 .50 ; select tested, $2 50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their iieiiii.' reared, one for $1 00 : -3 for «;2.25 ; 6 for j!4 00 : 12 for $6 75. 1 have over 100 tested queens reare I last summer and fall that will be taken Irom full colonies to fill extra early orders. ('ontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with t.ested or untested Italian queens on reason- able terms. JOHN A\. DAVIS, 2 95 12 Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. Leiuinger Bros., Ft. Jennings, Ohio, have 300 Colonies Two Apiaries. 500 Nuclei, devoted to queen rearing. They can furnish either (Tolden or impoi ted stock, kept pure, as they have They are going to sell two - frame, with choic* queen, at $2.50 each. Spe- cial prices on large orders. 8end for catalogue and see their prices. 4-9S-3t Please mention the Reuieiu, GOOD iT»u»H QUEENS kre ray speciality. My breeders are selected from colonies in my c omb honey yard, when the best stock is always selected by actual work done in the supers. No other qualtity in bees pleases nip so well as the ability to fill the sections with honey. Choice queens fr Mii this vard by RE.TUKN MAIL after May 15, $1.00 each; 3 for $2 50. Two-Frame Nuclei, with untested queens, good conibs. well filled with brood, after June Ist, 82 50 each. Orders booked and flliedin rotation. Reference, the Marshall National Bank. 4-%.tf E. F. QUKJHLKV, Unionville, Mo. BEESWn EXTHilCTORS. The only extractftr in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by -team. Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- lo^'ue to C. G. FERRIS, 4 96 tf South Columbia, NY. AWAY UP ^mf In the Northeastern part of the U.S. ^M lives a man who, in a quiet way, is ■■ doing a snug little business making fl bee-koeping supplies. He has a saw 1 1^^ mill of his own wtiich enables him to ' get the best lumber at the lowest price. The four-piece, dovetailed, white pop- lar sections -eem to be somethingof a specialty as ho shipped over 200,000 during the first six weeks ot 1896 In some instances he can furnisti them as low as $2.00 per thousand. He also makes Hives. Foundation, Smokers, Wax Ex- tracfcxs, etc. Dealers and others should send for a price list to W. H. AfORTO/H, Skowhegan, Me. MURDKRSD! We have killed high prices. Give us a trial order and be couvinced that g-od untested queens can bf reared for 50 cts. each. Tested, 75c's (lohlen Italians, three -banded Italians and Silver - gray Carniolans, all at these prices. Best of of references given 4.96 tf C. B. BANKSTON, Chriesman, Tex. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, has acceoted a permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered, 1 Barnes Saw $20.00 1 Fdn. Mill ( 6 in Pelham ) Tank and dip- ping boards .•• 6-00 4 M Sections ( G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Standurd 4-00 1 Dai ^^y F■< Covers at 1^ 53B')tiom Boards at 10 53 Honpy boards. Queen excluding at 15 2 Escape Boards at .25 30 Escapes at ... . .15 7J0 New Heddon combs at 0,5 210 VWo I Screws at 01 .50 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at 25 Hubbard Section Press 1.25 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promi'tly. The hives and cases are well made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practic.dly as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Anyone wishing Ito buy anything out of this ot can learn fuller particulars upon inipiiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. 208 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 'r ' II: 1^17388 Bro5. piapo ?o., | :'i";;i' /Tiapufac^turers of !^ •V;V •.< :*;* pi/^ffOS ! Buy Direct aijd 53ue Dealers' profits a^d ^ /^^epts' C^mniissioQS. Mi* M Muskegon, Chicago, 11 J' Mich. Illinois. H ^"•^•■VV*;^:;.:* **■■•/•■..> I' v«;«^.;Vlvy»;^ JULY, 1896. 210 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. flDVEt^TISIflG t^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12^1ines of Nonpareil space make linch. Diecoants will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Liist. 1 will send the Review with— Gleanings, ( 1.00) American Bee Journal. ...( 1,0(») Canadian Bee Journal ( 1.00) American Bee Keeper ( .50) . . Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50) .$1.75. . 1.75. . 1.75. . 1.40. . 1.35. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well fiUed ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there wiU be " fancy white," "No. 1 dark,"' etc. CHICAGO, 111.— We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15 cts ; No. 1 white. 12 to 13 ; fancy amber, 9 to 10 ; number 1 amber, 8 to 9 ; fancy dark, 8 to 10; white extracted 5 to 7 ; amber, 5 to 6; dark, 5; beeswax, 23 to 25. R. A. BUENETT & CO., July 20. 163 So. Water St., Chicago, III, NEW YORK, N. Y.-White comb honey is in fair demand. Very little call for buckwheat. Extracted of all kinds is very quiet. We quote as follows. Fancy white, 14; No. 1 white, 12; Fancy Amber, 11; No. 1 Amber, 10: Fancy dark, 9; No. 1 dark, 8; White extracted. 5^ to 6; Am- ber, 5 to 5H ; Dark, Southern, 50 to 55 per gal. Beeswax, 30. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, Apr. 13. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. KANSAS CITY, Mo.-We quote as follows: No. . white, 13 to 14; No. 1. amber, 11 to 12; No. 1 dark, 8 to 10 ; white extracted, 5V^ to 6 ; amber, 5 to Wi ; dark, 4 ; beeswax, 20 to 25. C. C. CLEMONS CO., Apr. 14. 521 Walnut St. Kansas Citv Mo. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. -Strictly fancy white ho'ey is being sold as low as 13 cents ; choice white, 11; fancy dark, 10; choice dark, SVi ; strained honey, California, 5 ; strained honey. Eastern, 6 ; beeswax 30 cents. J. A. SHEA & CO., 116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Mar. 30. BUFFALO. N. Y.- Quotations may occa- sionally be exceeded a trifle. Demand moder- ate, yet correspond with us before shipping We quote as follows: fancy white 12 to Ucts ; No. 1 white, 11 to 12; fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1 amber, 8 to 9 ; fancy dark, 7 to 8 ; No. 1 dark, 6 to 7 ; white extracted, 6 to 7; amber, 5 to 6; dark, 4 to 5 ; beeswax, 20 to 25. BATTERSON & CO.. July 20. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. QHsaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaiaQQQiaitaiaQaaQiaiaQiiaia I Names of Bee - Keepers. I a TYPEWRITTEN. B a m The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Any inquiry in regard to the numlier of names in a ceitain state, or states, will be an- swered cheerfully. The former price was 2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at 82.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED GUITARS, Importer of and Wholesale Dealer in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 811, 813, 815,817 East 9th St.. New Vork. Please mention the Reuituo, '®) '©) ©@«SuZtuT© ^s^>^^f;?>^^®l'c«^>c^^Q^ Is a book of nearly 100 pag^es that beg-ins with The Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they ought to be cared for in the spring in order to secure the workers in time for the harv^est. Then Hives and Their Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections. Supers and Sepa- rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arranging Hives and Buildings and Shading the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing Queens and Planting for Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of Bees, Increase, Its Manag-ement and Control, and Contrac- tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding Back " are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Migratory Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the ([uestion of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary-, Mistakes in Bee- Keeping, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one 3'ear and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. '3 '®) '3 W. Z. HOTCHlNSOfl, Flint, Mich. 212 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW R-i*p-a*n-s Tabules. Disease commonly comes on with slight symptoms, which when neglected increase in extent and gradually grow dangerous. RIPANSTABULES If yo.u SUFFER FROM HEADACHE, DYS- PERSIA or INDIGESTION, TAKE "TmSETDTvir'"'"'"! "^^^ RIPANSTABULES If your COMPLEXION IS SALLOW, or you ^Tuc RIPAN^TARIII P^ SUFFER DISTRESS AFTER EATING. ^^^ I^ITHI^O IHDULDO For OFFENSIVE BREATH and ALL DISOR- DERS OF THE STOMACH, . . T;n^ay after you have tuel it, Cornell SrooK^rj. Clieap, strong, servicaable. We have sold a good many of these, and so far there has been no complaint; but on ilie other hwnd there have been scores of letters in their praihe. Price 85 cts. By mail, prepaid, $1 10. Cowan anMu-) mi bric5e-o jiub^ are practi- cally done away by the thick top bars and accurate spacing of the Hoffman frames, so says the editor of Gleanings. He admits that these frames have their faults but be- lieves that they have the fewest of any self- spacing frames. In hot weather, when the propolis is soft, they may be handled with nothing to pry them loose. Bat there are so many times when it is necossaiy to han- dle frames when the propolis is not soft. After all, m iny of our preferduc3s must be a choice of evils, or faults, rather. Gleanings calls attention to the fact that bees do not always, in building comb nat- urally, have two parallel sides of the cells perpendicular, and the inference is drawn that it makes no particular difference which way foundation is put in, that is, regarding the direction that is given the side-walls. It probaldy makfs no difference so far as the drawing out of the foundation is con- cerned, but it has been asserted Ihfit the foundation is less likely to sag if two par - allel dde-walls of the cells are hung perpen- dicularly. PBOTEOTINQ HONEY IN RETAIL PAOKAGES. •'Notes from Foreign Bee Journals," for this month were mislaid after reaching this office, and a most thorough search fail- ed to unearth them. Mr. N.T. Phelps tells in Gleanings how he protects sections of comb honey so that the cotnb will not be damaged by the careless handling of the purchaser. He wraps the package up in what are called " basket splints, " that is, pieces of basswood that very much resemble wood separators. They are 17 inches lonsr, 4^' wide and 1-12 of an inch thick. By drawing the point of a knife across them at the right placs they can be bent without breaking in wrapping around the section, or sections, as the case may be. A string is then put around the package to keep the wooden jacket in place, and then around this is wrapped paper with a string around the whole. inHj BKE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 221 Late Reared Queens are pronouuced superior by Geo. L. Viual, in Gleanings. He has experimented six years by rearing queens under the same condition, as near 88 possible, at different seasons of the year and, as a rule, the late-reared queens have been larger and better developed. They be- gin laying earlier in the spriLg, and their progeny is larger and more industrious. He thinks it is because they are not called upon to lay to their full capacity for several mouths, and are enabled to develop into full maturity before laying many eggs. DKyUEENINO COLONIES DUKING THE HARVEST. Messrs. Elwood and Hetherington, and a few others, practice removing the queen with a frame or two of bees and brood just at the opening of the swarming season. At the ninth day all of the queen cells are cut out and the bees left hopelessly queenless for a week or ten days more, when the old queen is again given to the colony. This practice prevents swarmiug. Mr. T. H. Kloer of Terre Haute, Indiana, has been trying this plan upon an exten- sive scale, and he tells in Gleanings of some of the difficulties with which he had to contend. One trouble was that the remov- ed queens would leave the nuclei and crawl about on the ground, perhaps get back into the old hive. In breaking up colonies for making nuclei for queen-rearing I have often formed a nucleus with the old queen and one or two combs of bees, and I have never experienced the trouble mention- ed by Mr. Kloer. He says that he finds it necessary to fasten the bees in the first day. By the second day they will have cooled down, and will stay at home. Of course, all of the eld bees will leave for the old stand if allowed to do so, but I have never had a queen leave. In destroying the queen cells Mr. Kloer finds it advisable to shake the bees off the combs, and in this way he has never missed a cell in six years of practice. Mr. Kloer '8 greatest difficulty was in in- troducing the queen again after the bees had been so long queenless. As a rule, hopelessly queenless bees accept a queen with no objections, that is, unless they have been a long time queenless, when it is sometimes well-nigh impossible to get them to accept a queen. Mr. K. says he will tell all about this point in his next article. APIS DORSATA. W. K. Morrison, of Bermuda, has an arti- cle in (ileanings in which he is inclined to defend Apis Dorsata. The points that he makes in their favor are as follows: — "]. A larger number of flowers visited hav- ing deep nectaries. '1. A larger area covered by its greater power of flight. ;{. More wax produced. 4. Honey to come to us now going to bum- ble-l)ee8. .'). A greater power to take core of itself against wasps, etc. " It may be different in some parts of the country, but in this locality there are no honey producing blossoms that amount to anything that cannot be visited by our com- mon bees. Red clover was once raised here extensively, but the insects have been so destructive to it that its cultivation has been abando ed and alsike used in its place. Does Apis Dorsata have a greater power of flight than our common bees ? That is what I should be glad to know. A larger bird or insect does not always have the greater power of flight. Apis Dorsata iiiay have a greater power of flight than the bees we now have, but what proof have we ? If tliey produce more wax how do we know that it is not at the expense of honey ? The honey that goes to the bumble bees you can " stick in your eye. " Ability to contend with wasps and hornets may be of some value in some localities but would amount to nothing here. I don't wish to prejudice people against Apis Dorsata, but I do think it an unwise thing to do to import this race of bees with- out kuowing more about it. THE NORTH AMERICAN PROGRAM. — The fol- lowing has come to hand from the Secretary of the North American Bee-Keepers' Asso- ciation : Station B, Toledo, Ohio, July 10, 1S9G. Me. Editor: — The fixing of the time for the meeting of the North American Bee- Keepers' Association at Lincoln, Nebr., has been left, by the Executive Committee, with the Nebraska bee-keepers, so that they may be able to arrange for reduced railroad rates, and in a letter just received from Mr. L. D. Stilson, of York, Nebr ( Secretary of the Nebraska State Bee-Keepers' Associa- tion, who has the matter in charge ), he says; 22^ i!^^ BEE-KEtJPEHS' REVlEu " I have been to Omaha to see the railroad people who promised to let me know July 1, but no satisfactson yet as to rates or dates I will write you at the earliest mo- ment, when I know the dates. They gave me dates for our Horticultural meeting more than !)0 days before the meeting. " I was hoping to get the program for the meeting in all the July bee-journals, so as to get the time set. So far as arranged for, the following can be announced : The past and Future of Bee-Keeping— Mrs. J. N. Heater, of Columbus, Nebr. How to Secure Comb Honey— W. Z. Hutch- inson of Flint, Mich. Bee-Keepera' Exchange— Prof. A. J. Cook, of Claremont, Calif. The Wild Bees of ISlebraska — Prof. Law- rence Bruner, of Lincoln, Nebr. * Improvements in Bee-Culture — Ernest R. Root, of Medina, Ohio. Some of the Conditions of Nebraska — L. D. Stilson, of York, Nebr. The Union and Amalgamation — Thomas G. Newman, of San Diego. Calif. Economic Value of Bees and their Products — C. P.Dadant, of Hamilton, 111. Artifical Heat and Pure Air, Properly Applied in Wintering — R. F. Holtermann, of Brantford, Ont. The Honey-Producer and Supply-Dealer — Rev. Emerson T. Abbott, of St. Joseph, Mo. An original poem by Hon. Eugene Secor, of Forest City, Iowa. Importance of Watering in the Apiary — Hon. E. Whitcomb, of Friend, Nebr. Honey Adulteration and Commission- Men — George W. York, of Chicago, 111. Sweet Clover as a honey-Produ cing Plant — Wm. StoUey, of Grand Island, Nebr. The President, Mr. A. I. Root, will give an address, and it is expected that " Som- nambuilt " will be present with one of her inimitable papers, but as she must now be asleep, I have not been able to learn the subject of it. It is the intention to devote most of the second evening session to an address of welcome by the Hon. Geo. E. McLean, Chancellor of the Nebraska State Univer- sity, with a response by Hon. Eugene Secor, of Iowa. The Hon. Alvin Saunders, an old- time bee-keeper and a War Governor of Nebraska, will also address the convention, and if time will allow, other addresses will be made or papers read. A. B. Mason, Sec. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. mHE work of the Canadian government T apiaries, as reported by the Canadian Bee Journal, is an appreciable addition to our stock of bee lore. It is a year behind- hand, according to the bad habit prevailing before the Michigan station started, but that does not altogether spoil it. The draw- ings give a side view of actual comb building from different foundations, and are quite suggestive. Flat bottomed foundation seems to get a black eye. It is like fighting against the stars in their courses to blarney that such forced and unnatural looking work can he just as good as the work done according to nature's model. See page 801. The report seems to have been abbreviated in printing, and it is to be regretted that the omissions render some of the matter given unintelligible. We should be allowed to know what a, b, c, d, e, f , etc. mean, else we read about them in vain. The June number has two of these reports, occupying a considerable part of the paper. In the wintering experiments it turned out that the colonies wintered in the cellar, in the regular way, did better than the experi- mental ones. The latter were clamped out doors, ten in a clamp, and ten in another clamp, and quite similarly put up in most respects. But the bees in the one which had the top sealing broken, and some chance for a little upward percolation of air did much better than the other clamp, where the bees' sealing was preserved, and made "too-too" by covering the tops with 082 thicknesses of paper. Of the ten col- onies put up this latter way four died, one went queenless, and only two came through with more than half the combs manned with bees. Some experiments in feeding for winter are given. It appears that not merely is feeding back for storing beset with a waste of material, but the same sort of loss is seen in furnishing a winter supply. It is definitely stated in the summing up that there is a loss which cannot be explained in any satisfactory way. What do our stations say about this ? Important if true, and somebody iiiusf find out the why of it, *nd chase for a remedy. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 223 If the invitation to criticise the honey leaflets includes me, I would remark that such documents generally overdo the thing so badly as to start the " don't believe it " of almost any intellij^eut person. We want candied truth pleasantly told, and kept within credible bounds. Pat wrote to Ire- land tliat he had " mate " once a day, be- cause he was aware that nobody would be- lieve him if he claimed to be eating meat three times a day. The leaflet in last Re- view has the excellent point of not being too long. It's worse point is its warfare on comb honey for the benefit of extracted. First we know somebody will try to " mas- 8acree"both comb and extracted for the benefit of beeswax. It is'nt true ( seems to me ) that the rti'e/'ac/p sample of extracted honey found on the markets is better, and morei thoroughly ripened, than the average sample of comb honey. It might be true of one man's product ; and I suppose he would have a right to say so. Better leave out most of the paragraph about certain honey being poisoned by angry bees while being taken ofif. Very doubtful if this is true to any appreciable extent: and we shall appreciably poison the minds of our custom- ers if we talk such matters to them. Same remark on the talk about lobelia and dog fennel getting into the honey. To work upon people's imaginations and sus- picions with that " little knowledge which is a dangerous thing " is business more ger- mane to the Adversary than to the bee- keeper. It is also bad tactics to intimate that honey fluid on top and solid at the bottom is adulterated with sugar. There is usually a day and hour in which almost any vessel of honey can be caught in just that predicament — and lo, we are all adultera- tors, in the poisoned mind of some custom- er I Some samples not at all adulterated remain indefinitely quite fluid on top and quite solid below. 'Spects all, or nearly all, such samples were not ripe enough ; but that is not as bad as adulteration. I would prefer to moderate the tone of the claims in the paragraph entitled "Its Uses " so that ordinary humanity might believe it easier. And I would strike out the sentence about a quart of honey equalling six pounds of but- ter. To save space I have only indicated adverse points, and let the good ones pass unnoticed — hope the friends of the leaflet will not forget this and " throw things. " THE PROGRESSIVE. R. C. Aikin, Progressive 14L' makes quite an invention auxiliary to the new bee escapes for honey rooms— runs the bees into a larg- ish box with one side of screen wire, instead of causing so- many to wander around out- side a la loose children. Having collected a lot of them |^ hives them in with the col- ony where they will do the most good. As he brings loads of supers from out apiaries with very little time spent in getting the bees out to start with, he would else be over- run with orphan bees, neither old nor young being able to find any home on getting out in a strange yard. His going-to - be way is to have a honey wagon in milk wagon style, bee tight, and with the escape fixed in it. Then most of the old bees would get out and go home in the api- ary where they belonged. One correspondent still likes the golden bees, and holds forth in their favor. Doug- las D. Hammond, page 14.">. W. M. Cunningham, in correspondence with Dr. Miller, wants to get back to the cubical style of hive. Page 147. And Frank Carr he's just so too, only a good deal more so, and two story at that. He wants the job of putting one of his big hives in our apiaries around, some year when we get nothing, and astonishing us with a hive full of honey. And the swarming trouble, pooh ! he never but once had a swarm of bees. Hear him yourselves ; " Use a good, large hive ; have a young queen every year, and use no houey board. My advice is, go and bury those honey boards. Do not jail your queen any longer. She is guilty of no crime. Give lier a good, large, deep hive, and she will reward you. " Page 14S. But it is rather suspicious when he speaks of his bees being weak in the spring, as if that were a normal state of things. The New Mexican correspondent also wants a large hive, but only to the good old tune of Langstroth lOs. Ex. Pres. Abbott, who comes next, goes for the overdrawn statements of the outside magazines concerning bees — goes for them a little too hard possible. Let'em have a little rope friend A., and don't expect them to be too wise "all to wunst. " On page 1.^4 A. L. Amos set., forth a little tragedy of his. Extra nice queen arrives by mail, and, too nervous about her, he kept her waiting waiting for too few bees to gnaw 224 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. a hole in through the candy until she turn- ed up her toes and died in the cage. W. H. Ritter thinks, on page 173, that six to ten acres of berries, running from April to August, would not make their owner wish a big apiary in addition. And Doolittle, on pages 180-182 goes into economics and practical politics at a smash- ing rate. Wonder if that sort of thing is to have a run in our bee papers. Worse topics have got loose in them before now. Fred S. Thorington, page 183, tells of a 22 day queen, when Iti days is supposed to be the normal time. The editor has some samples of suspected honey. ( Page 18(1. ) He guesses one of them to be altogether bogus, although rath- er pleasant to the taste, and the other to be genuine honey half spoiled by melting up the entire contents of the hive. There seems to be a general consensus of folks in the middle west that this is a rainy season. Hardly the case here in N. W. Ohio; but, as our weather mostly comes from the west, we will take it for a happy indication for the coming months of the season — hard- ly so likely to suffer from an autumn drouth if our winds sweep over well watered plains. THE GENERAL ROUND-UP. Just because we are bee keepers is no reason why we should be nibbled to death — off in the wilderness with that migratory apiary. The Canadian geologist, A. M. Campbell, whose duties require him to camp out in some of the most desperately "skeetery" districts of the world— job assortment of the thirty recognized species of North American mosquitos, and lots of other exasperation critters, including what the Indian graphically calls the " bite-em- no-see-ems" — well, he is well qualified, and he tells us what to do. Have a good tight tent, and burn slowly inside as much insect pow- der as will lay on a penny. Put it on a chip and touch fire to it, and it will slowly smoulder and smoke. Finishes'em off. Even the bite-em-no-see-ems kick the in- visible bucket that hanges in life's sweet well. And for outdoor protection rub your hands and face with a proprietary cream made by a Yankee in Portland ( Hind's Black Fly Cream ) He finds it an actual protection and easily washed off. Netting worn around the head fell mostly into disuse in the geological camp as too uncomforta- ble and bothersome. Canadian Bee Jour- nal 82.5. Friend A. Norton of Monterey Cal. gives us in Gleanings, ;500, a long article on some of the lesser lights of California's honey re- sources. The illustrations are of the Cali- fornia lilac, said to be quite beautiful, and manzanita, a shrub with flask shaped flowers like the huckleberry to which it is a relative. Friend N. once cut down a bee tree in which nearly all ttie honey was uneatable tarweed honey, green and abominably bitter. None of the tar weed for us, thank you. A correspondent on page 299 of Gleanings says a protracted sun bath is the best cleans- er of oilcans for bee keepers. A brad hole is easily soldered up ; make a brad hole in each one, and turn it strictly down in the sun. After several weeks of this give them a grand scrub with gold dust washing pow- der and hot water ; then a few weeks more in the sun. Capital. But neither sun nor scrub will remove ( or ought to remove ) the wholesale man's idea that it isn't safe to buy honey in oil cans at any price. If you can have the honey retailed by your own agents all right. W. S. Fultz, American Bee Journal 291, has seen what few of the rest of us have looked upon, I imagine, bees eating straw- berries at a rate tliat there were from three to five bees on each berry in the patch. Raspberries and rareripe peaches are quite liable to suffer in that way ; but strawberries almost always escape. Same article rubs us with a brickbat for putting on such airs to- wards fruit growers ; as if we know all things in heaven and earth, and they were simple- tons, not knowing the details of their own business. Now maybe we deserve some of that. Who knows ? In a very excellent article on the swarm- ing mania, A. B. J. ;50(), Mr. Doolittle speaks as foUowes about the cause ; " The conditione requisite to excessive swarm- ing are, a -warm, favorable spring, with a warm, wet summer, thus giving just enough honey to keep brood rearing at its best, and still not enough so the bees st., at $2.50 per 1,000. ■S.OOO Page & Keith at $2.50 per 1,000. 3,0ai O. H. Townpend at $2.50 per 1,000. 1,000 Root, at $2 50. 8,000 Berlin Heights at $2.25 per 1,000. «, 5,000 J. M. Kinzie, at $2.25. ^ All the sections are 4J4 x 4^4 x 7-to-the-foot. \ pOUflDRTIOri. i 48 lbs. W. J. Finch, thin for surplus, at 50 cts. 5 7 lbs. Hunt, thin for surplus, at 50 cts. i IOI4 lbs. VanDeusen, thin for surplus, at 50 cts. 5 24J4 lbs Dadant, thin for surplus, at 50 cts. W. Z. HCaTGHinSOn, FHnt, Michigan. THE BEE-KEEPEttS' REVIEW. Ten Gents a Pound for White Clover, Extracted Honey. I have a city trade that demands tliis kind of honey, and 1 will pay 10 cts. for strictly white clo- ver honey. If yoa have any such, mail a sample to Wm. A. SELSEB, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. Golden Rule Apiary, Headquarters for those large Golden, Italian Queens, warranted PURELY MATED. Equal to any, superior to many. Bred for business and gentleness Single queen in June, 7U cts. ; 6 for $3.75 Single queen in July, W cts. ; 6 for 83.2.5. Best breeders, J3 !iO each. Safe arrival guarranteed. E. A. SEELEY 6-9t)-5t Bloomer, Ark. ( Money order P. O , Lavaca, Ark.) Phase mention the Review Red Glover Oueens. It has long been my aim to get bees that would work on red clover, and I now have 100 colonies of large, beautiful Italians that work well on red clover, and stored a nice lot of surplus from this source last year. 1 can furnish untested queens at 65 cts., or two for $1.25. Warranted queees, 80 ctseach. ortwo for$l 50. Tested, $1.25. Select tested, $2.00. Perfect satisfaction guar- anteed. C. M. HICKS, 4.96-tf. Hicksville, Md. Avuartf fftvnaon the Rboiqw* X PaSl^ 4-96-l2t Phast mention the Reuieu POUDER'S HONEY JARS, Heautiful. Accnrate and Cheap. The trade supplied. Bee Supplies; Root's Roods at Kdot's jirioes and the best ship- l(»nij)l I'iDK iMiint in the country. Write for prices. W.VLTER S. POUDER, 1 95.12t Indianapolis, Ind. — If you wish the beet, low-ieview. Great Reduction N PRICES. Root's No. 1, Polished Sections at |2.i50 for 1.000 : 2.000 for *4..50 ; 3.000 for $6.4.5 ; 5,000 for $10.00 New, Weed-Process Foun- dation, three cts. less per lb. than prices given on page 14 of my catalog. M. H. HUfiT, If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and s\te%, made by f". W. Costellow, and 1 should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. The Southland Oueen. You ought to know what you are missing, by not reading the Southland Queen, the only bee- journal published in the south, and the only uee I*eeper8' school known is iMught tlinut-h it's cojumns by that WuRLD RENOWNED teacher Mrs. Jennie Atchley. How to rnise queens, bees and honey, Hnd in fact how to make bee-keep- ing a success is taught in the School. One sin- gle copy is worth more to beginners than the subscription price for a year, $1 00. A steam I ee-»ive factory, and all bee-supplies. You all know where to make arrangements for your queens and beew for '96. If you don't, send to us for a free catalog, that tellw all about queen rearing, and a sample journal THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO.. 12-ra-tf Beeville, Bee Co. Texas 5-96-tf Bell Branch, Mich. ^W ■ • i ^^ y"° want ■L I IQT£>f^ fine, arge, Ital- ^^Er^^. Bh* 1 ^ k ^ 1 y lati queens. ^m\ equal to any mm ^% e m nergencj, by reiuru mail, seLd "■'^ u- .\our order. Bees work .,u red H clover and are bred for busines-i. 1^ Untested queens 70 cfs. :i (or %-^.\M ^ Tested, »l.O(>eMch. A. I. Root » V.'s.' supplies kept in stock. 36pige catalogue free. JNO. NEBEL&SON. 3-36-tf High Hill, Mo. 232 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEvl-^ f Rt^ UEEli W OTES Warranted Queens by return mail 65 cts. each. A record is kept of the brood of all warranted queens sent out, and such as show that they have mismated are replaced. My queens are all reared from breeders that I would not exchange for any in the world. Am well equiped for the business ; give it my personal attention ; rear all the queens I sell, and do not intentionally send out any except the best. Those who prefer buying untested queens will find it to their in- terest to write for descriptive circular and prices, as I have Italianized my neighbors' bees free of cost for my own protection, and seldom have a queen mismate. Diseases among bees are unknown in tliis section. Try a Tar Heel Queen, and if I fail to treat you right report me. Money Order office Warrenton. 3-96-tf W. H. Pf^IDGEfl, Cfeek, Ji. C. Please mention the Reuicw. The Laud of Honey, The Italy of America ! Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 365 E. -Jnd St., Los Angeles, California, Please mention the Review Muth's :: lEY EXTRACTOR PERFECTION >ld-Blast Smokers Square Glz^ss Honey Jar?, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., (jincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. 1-96-tf. Please fflentjon the Review. Warranted GOLDEN ITALIAN Queens By return mail. They are bred from a queen tested by Dt)olittle out of lOOO oueens for liis own use and valued atf'iO. Queens Wicts. each ; 6 for $2. 7")^ or ¥5.00 per dozen. Leather colored queens from Root's best imported stock same price. I5eos from my (ineens are good workers on red clover. Safe deiivery guaranteed. N. B. 1 safely sent more than liOO queens to ('alifornia last seaH(m, 5-9ti-tf H. G. QUIRIN, Bellevue, Ohio. tlraltrtftrirftd ORIllINAL 5 1NOHAU BeeSnioker BINGHAI Bave a wonderfnl Record. HAVE LASTED 17 YEARS. Best oiiEartli. Giye Perfect Satisfaction. \ My cool Wire Handle and Bent Nose were patented 1892, are the original, my best in- vention since my open or direct draft pat- ent in 1878. That revolutionized Bee - Smo- kers. My Handle and Nose Patent bent all the other smoker noses. None but Bingham Smokers have all the best improvements. If you buy ^. . '/^^/EElJI^ genuine Rinyrh g m "^^ ; - -..J S m O korS and HONEY KNIVES yon will never regiet it. The *' Doctor," 14 inch lar- ger than any other smoker on the market — 3}4 inch stove, by mail, $1.50 Conqueror, 3 inch stove, by mail, .... 1.10 Large, 2^ ' " *' 1.00 Plain, 2 " *' " 70 Little Wonder, 2 inch, wt. 10 oz .60 Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife, .80 T. F. BIWGHAM, FarweH, ffiicli. «^ir»*m«^«m«^*m«^R««,irm<^*«. t^^nii^t*M*^*^^.i WRITE U5 Before ordering your sections and we will give you BOTTOM PRICES on the "BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and other Supplies. We have everything in tip-top order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. J. FOI?r*CROOK Si CO., Jan Xst, 1894. Watertown, "Wis. PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. Thill, Flat Bottom Foiiiidatioii HAS NO FrSHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Being the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN DKUSKN & SONS, (SOLE MANUFA0TUREK8), 3-W-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y Phase mention the Review. fHJ, Jnf). K. Strattoii iV Hon, of New York, aud takiiifr my pay in musical mercliaiuiise. I have now on liaiid a lino violin outfit consisting of violin, how and case. The violin is a " Stradiuarius, " Red, French finish, high luilish. and real pbf)ny trimmings, price 114.90. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood. ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot 1 pearl lined slide, German silver shield, ebony screw-head, (Jerman silver ferules, and pear] dot in the end, price $2.50 The case is wood witli curved top. varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and k)ck. price $8 .W. This makes the entire outfit worth an oven .f '.'() 00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with [he best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more poworfnl, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. 1 wish to sell 'his on fit, and would accept ono- half nice, white extract(> 1 honey in payment, the balance ca^^li. It will be sent on a five days' trial, an ■ ii not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. RI-P-A-N-S The modern stand- ard Family Medi- cine : Cures the common every-day ills of humanity. " The bee business, like any other bus'ness, need'^ close attention, and if pursued with in- telligence, will yield the very nicest sweets that a kind Father has seen fit to bestow unon His creation. So to the people who woul i obtain some of these hweets, is this book respectfully dedicated by THE AUTHOR. " The above is from the A MATEUR BEE KEEP- ER, a 70. page book for beginners ; price 2.5 j. by mail 2Sc. The Amateur Bee Keeper aud the Proorkssive Bee-Keeper ( a monthly journal ) one year, postpaid, 6,5 : address, LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. BEE - KEEPERS' SURRLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK, 283 Wash. St , N Y. City. {SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-ff Send for illusfrated Catalogue No. 1 4H X 454 Snow- white Sections at $2 00 Per THOUSAND! For the purpose of introducing our one-piece sections to bee keepers generally; we have de- cided to mi'^s th9 priei $2.10 p^r 1,093 for this season. Now is the time to get your sections cheap. We hauea choice lot of section lumber gotten out of young timber, and we can furnish you the finest sections to be had. Write for sample section free. MARSHFIELD Mfg. CO., Marshfleld, W i^. 12-95-tf Please mention the Reuieiu. 234 THF BEE-KEEPEttS' REViJuW. — « QD CJ ■*-' << a, 5 p a ■g m ^ o '}^ SI t a A.:g a o) !> 5-96-3t Please mention the Review. SUPERIOR STOCK. I have no hesi- tation in say- ing that my btrain of beautiful, 5-banded, or golden, bees of Italian origin, cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS, HEAUTY and GENTLENESS. A trial order will convince of the truthfulness of this as sertion. Untested queens, $1.()0 each ; !^ doz„ $5.00 ; 1 doz.. $9.00. Warranted, $1.2.5 ; 14 doz., $6.00 ; 1 duz., $10.tK) Test- ed, $1.,50; select tested, $3.0i; extra se- lect tested, $5.00. These prices are for April and May. Safe arrival guaranteed. I J. D. GIVENS, Lisbon, Texas. I >3-ft6-tf QUEENS Smokers, Sections, Comb roundiition. And all ,4|iiHiniii 8np|iliei K. T. FLANAG.tN, Kellevillr, III Please mention the Reuieui vMi::y • *;* ■■'■\*. iimMimmmmmmimm NO. 1 Sections-Cheap ! We offer, for a few weeks, a surplus of our one-piece No. 1 CREAM at the following low prices : 1000 for $1.50 ; 3000 for $4.00 ; 5000 for $6.00. These sections are finely finished and No. 1 in all respects save in color, being, as their name indi- cates, of a cream color. The stock consists of a quantity of the following sizes : 4J4 x 2, open on two sides; 4^4 x 1 15 16, open on two sides ; 4J4 x 1 % , open on two sides ; 4^4 x 1-^. open on two sides ; and 4*4 x 7 - to - the - foot, open on two sides. 6-96-tf G. B. LEWIS CO., Watertown, Wis. TN ■ WILL TELL. In June and l/yi1 /^^O after, I can furnish warranted I I I I ill \ Italian queens of the Alley X X 1 V/ v k/ strain at 75 cts, each ; six for $3.75 ; cne dozen for $6.00. All queens that do not prove satisfactory will be re- placed free of charge. JOS. ERWAY, 4 96-tf. Havanna, N. Y. Please mention the Reuieui. CTS. when the best queens can be reared for the least money, but almost everybody has queens, and the trade is dull. For this reason it is more profitable to sell queenp, even at half price, and have them move off promptly, than to hold them week after week trying to sell at a high ^rice. My nuclei are now futl of laying queens, and I want them to move off and make room for others that are coming on, and for that reason I will sell them at .50 cts. each, let the order be big or little. Remember, they are nice, young, laying Italian queens. I also have plenty of TESTED queens at 7.') cts. each. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. IBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 235 Bees Scooped ! I liuvo at last succeeded in haying all *lie bees wiMiiu i!}^ inilee of my home apiary, except five iiilonioB, and these I have Italianized and have permission to control their drones. This prac- tically gives me a Clearfield for breeding pure Italian queens. I have liad over twenty years' experience in breeding anti experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and i now breed " for business" from my own importatione and Doo- little's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single story, 8-frame, D. T. hive, $6.00; 5 colonies, SJ7.!iO; 10 colonies, S.'iO.OO; one frame nucleus. $1,00; two frame, $1.75. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested queia, 2.(10. Select tested .75. I have over 100 tested queens reare I last summer and fall that will be taken from full colonies to fill extra early orders. ', 'ontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with tested or untested Italian queens on reason- able terms. JOHN t\. DAVIS, 2-9512 Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. Leiningev Bros., Ft. Jennings, Ohio, have nnn n I ■ devoted to queen rearing. Xllll KnlnniPQ They can furnish either UUU UUIUIIIUO iTolden or imported stock, kept pure, as they have They are going to sell two - frame, with choice queen, at $2.50 each. Spe cial prices on large orders. Send for catalogue and see their prices. -96- 3( Please mention the Reuieui. GOOD iTiuiN QUEENS Are my speciality. My breeders are selected from colonies in my comb honey yard, when the best stock is always selected by actual work done in the supers. No other qualtity in bees pleases me so well as the ability to till the sections with honey. Choice queens fr^m this yard bv RETURN M.A.IL after May 15, $1.00 each; 3 for $2 .50. Two-Frame Nuclei, with nnte.tsted queens, gf>od condis. well filled with brood, after June Ist, 82 50 each. Orders booked nnd filled in rotation. Rrfprence, the Marshall National Bank. 4-96-tf E. F. QUIGHLEY, Unionville, Mo. BEESWAX EXTRUTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam. Send for descripave, illustrated cata- logue to C. G, FERRIS, 496tf South Columbia, N. Y. Two Apiaries. 500 Noclei, ^^^-i^^B^zs^ JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED Birmingham Stee [Strings for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, Banjo ^^'* Hm.^t Made. Extra Plated. riADB MA' Warranted not to rust. Send for Catig JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer* 811,813, 815. 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. f'iease mention the Review. — If yoii are going to — BUY A BUZZ-SAW^, write to the editor of the Review. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, hasacceoteda permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for \\\ffi. on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Barnes Saw S20,00 1 Fdn. Mill ( 6 in Pelham ) Tank and dip- ping boards ■ . ••• 6.00 4 M. Sections ( G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream .Standard 4-00 1 Daisy Fde Fastener M 1 Coil Wire 60 1 Expansion Bit LOO 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 lOU Biood Cases ( New Heddon ) at '-iS 68 Covers at 15 5.3Bittom Boards at 10 53 Hw as 13 cents ; choice white, 11; fancy dark, 10: choice dark, S'i; strained honey, California, 5; strained honey, Eastern, 6 ; beeswax 30 cents. J. A. SHEA A CO., 116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Mar. 30. CHICAGO, Ills.— But few shipments have, as yet' reached this market, and, owing to the hot weather, the demand has been light, but we look for a good demand when it does begin, as last year'a crop is all sold. We quote as follows: fancy white, 16 ; No. 1 white, 15, fancy amber, 14; white extracted, 61/^; beeswax, 25. J. A LAMON. Aug. 7. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111 NEW YORK, N. Y.— White comb honey is in fair demand. Very little call for buckwheat. Extracted of all kinds is very quiet. We quote as follows. Fancy white, 14; No. 1 white, 12; Fancy Amber, 11 ; No. 1 Amber, 10: Fancy dark, 9; No. 1 dark. 8; White extracted, 5% to 6; .A.m- ber, 5 to 5*4 ; Dark, Southern, 50 to 55 per gal. Beeswax, 30. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, .\pr. 13. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. Names of Bee - Keepers. TYPE WRITTEN. a m M RiBEBBrarscinpspsBranraisiCpnjiiBicraciBEC The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ^ ten in a book. There are several thousand al arranged alphabetically (in the largest States): and, althougli this list has been secured at an exJ pense of hundreds of dollars, 1 would furnish ilj to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names A manufacturer who wishes for a list of th^ names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or," possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modat.ed. Any inquiry in regard to the number of names in a certain state, or states, will be an- swered clieerfuUy. The former price was 2.50 per 1000. but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich anaed ,©C*'L^U Itun ;v^:^^f^^^.;<^U^:<^ IS a book of nearly 100 pag-es that beg^ins with The Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they ought to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections, Supers and Sepa- rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arrang-ing- Hives and Building-s and Shading the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing Queens and Planting for Hone}" are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of Bees, Increase, Its Management and Control, and Contrac- tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding Back'' are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Migratory Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee- Keeping, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all. Price of the book, 50 cts. ; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. :©) ® '®) W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. 240 THE BEE-KEEPERS' RE^ZR -9 If you SUFFER FROM HEADACHE, DYS- PEPSIA or INDIGESTION, If you are BILIOUS, CONSTIPATED, or liave A DISORDERED LIVER, . . R*i-p-a-n-s .^.^Tabules. Disease commonly comes on with slight symptoms, which when neglected increase in extent and gradually grow dangerous. takeRIPANSTABULES takeRIPANSTABULES " 'Z.f.T^SlA'^^Zml '" ^*^^ RIPANS TABULES '°'DV„?r/„f/Tr.o'„".'' '\' "!'": TAKE RIPANS TABULES Ripans Tabules act gently but promptly upon the liver, stomach and intestines ; cleanse the system effectually ; cure dyspepsia, habitual constipation, offensive breath and headache. One Tabule taken at the first indication of ind'gestion, biliousness, dizziness, distress after eating or depression of spirits, will surely and quickly remove the whole difficulty. Ripans Tabules are prepared from a prescription widely used by the best physicians, and are presented in the form most approved by modern science. If given a fair trial Ripans Tabules are an infallible cure; they contain nothing injurious and are an economical remedy. One gives relief. A box will be sent, postage paid, on receipt of 50 cents by The Ripans Chemical Co., 10 5pruce Street, New York. (Sample vial, 10 cents.) 5 ONE J > GIVES < L RELIEF 4 Local Druggists everywhere will supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. Tlicy arc Easy to Take? Quick to Act and Save many a Doctor'!;* Bill. t|i JrM^iiFy v^y v>F^y^vvvyvy^i^y v^yyv^^w^v"Jlt IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 241 Sottona Prices BRIfJC US BIG TRADE; Good Goo«Js Keep It. If you want the best supplies that can be niaae at a little less cost than you can buy the same goods for elsewhere, write to us for low prices. 1896 Cataloeue now ready — ask for it and a free copy of The American Bee-Keeper ( ;>() pages ). The T. W. FflUCOflER JVI'pG CO., Jamestown, N. Y. A\y Golden Bred for business and beauty can be furnished at tlie following prices : before June Ist., un- tested (ineens, $1.00 each; tested, $1.50. After June 1st , untested, 7.") cts. ; tested, $1.(K). Se- lected, for breeding, $3.00; tlic very BEST. $5.00. Price lisi free. Remit by P. O. or Express men ey order, or by registered letter. W. H. WHITE, 2-% tf Biossom, Lamar Co. Tex. Please mention the Reuieui. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, 811. 813. 815. 817 East 9th St. . New York. ITALIAN QUEENsInTsUPpTiES FOE. 1896. Before you purchase, look to your interest, and send for catalogue and price list. J. P. H. BROWN, 1-88-tf. AuRusta, Georgia. r guaranteed i Good INVESTMENT Is to get rid of poor queens and buy gof>d ones. I am offering either 3 or ri-banded at 60 cts. each ; 6 for $3.00 ; dozen, $5.50, tosled 80 cts. warranted to be good queens purely mated. Orders filled promptly and safe arrival J. B. CASE, Port Orange, 1-96-tf Florida. FDake Your Own Hives. 3ee ^ Keepers Will save money by usinj,'- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making- their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO., .384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 242 THE BEE-KEEPERS REVIE,^. Ten Gents a Pound for Whits Clover, Extracted Honey. I have a city trade that deniamis this kiiii} of lioncy, ami 1 will pay Id cte;. for strictly white clo ver honey. If you have any such, mail a sample to Wm. A. SELSEE, 10 Vins St., Philadelphia, Pa. 1896 To my customers and friends : Please remendjcr thaf, W II. Laws is aRain lieadcjuarters lor Italian queens. 1 hreed notldnj; but large, well-developed ijiK-eiis, either (Jolden or Leather- cohered. My (iolden strain is finm Doolittle's original one hundukd doi-lar quekn sent me after he had reared over 1,00(J qneens from her. For business and beauty, my bees are unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for $4.50. Tested, $1.25. Broe...-'! kindsof Strinqs. etc.etc. ss The reason that qu' en breeders are Q often S) far bell nd wiih orders is they £! don't, have enough nuclei. Ishail not do Q bu'iine.ss in that way. .Just as soon as @ the weather will permit I shall start 300 Q nneloi, and, if necessary, the number Q will be increased to 500. I have tiken for my motto. B llUUm MAIL,"! .■^irararsPii^irapiraBJiBPSPinPiPSRpgsEiRiiiiiraEiFSPiB ?i B Jj And I am d"termini'(l to live up to it. I B il have both the (Iolden and the leather B ;t^ colored Italians, but they are kept in B (T^ sepaiate yards— (Completely isolated. 1 B J^ have soiiKv vnry fine breeding qneens di B ■^ rect from Italy. 1 use the D.iolittle E JTl method o queen ri^aring which is un- B fB( surpassed for producing fine (pieens. B ^ Prices are as follows : Untested. 75 cts B 'Tl each ; one doz , $(!.00 ; tested. $1.0(1, one B ^ doz., $S DO; select tested, $1 .5i>; one doz., B n $l5.r0: Impeding <|Ueens. the very l)est B g importtd, $5 00; fair inip..rtf-d queens, B rg $3.00. F. A. CROWELL, B 3 lOe-et (iranger, Minn. B S« B 3 nrarararaci raraKBPsra rar^iPiraBE raracraBEi B TSiE BRE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 24J{ Violin for Sale. 1 am advfrtisiiif; for the woU known niaim- fai'turers of musical instinniiMits, Jno. ¥. Strattoii il Hon, of NfW York, and taking my uay in niiiBical incrclian.lisf . I liavo tiow on hand a tiii<> violin onltit eoiisistiu^j of violin. bow and case. 'J'lic violin is .-i " Slradinarins. " |{i'il. French finish, hitfh pDlish, and real fhony trimmings, price $11, ',10. The bnw is of the fin- est snakewood, ehony froK, IIiumI, inlaid i pearl lined ilot ) pearl lined slide, (iertnan silver ehield, ehony screw-head, (iernian silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price Si.. ^O The case is wood with curved top. varnished, full-line(). This makes the entire outfit wortii an even $J(1 00. If is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my danuh- ter has been usintrthe pits! year with the best of satisfaction to herself :\\ul t'>achers. Her violin has a more powerfnl, rich tone than some in strnmeiits here that cost several times ivs much, I wish to sell Uiisou tit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honi^v in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five ilays' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can here tarned and the purchase money will be refumled. W. Z. HDTCHIFSON. Flint, Mich. RI-P-A-N-S The modern stant!- arcl Family Mec'- cine : Cures Vac. common e\ ery-day ills of humanity. " The bee business, like any other bus'ness, needs close attention, and if pursued with in- telligence, will yield the very nicest sweets that a kind Father has seen fit to bestow noon His cre.-ition. So to the people who wouj ! obtain Hume of these sweets, is this book respectfully dedicated by THE AUTHOR. " The above is from the AMATEUR BEE KEEP- ER a 70. page book for beginners ; price 25j. by mail 28c. The Amateur Bee Keeper aud the Progrhssive Bee-Keeper ( a monthly journal ) one year, postpaid, 6.5 ; address, LEAHY MFG, CO., Higginsville, Mo. BEE - KEEPERS' SURRLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK. 283 Wash. St., N Y. City. (SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue . No.l4Hx4!4Snow- ! white Sections at $2 00 Per THOUSAND! For the purpose of introducing our one-piece sections to bee keepers generally; we have de- cided to make the priee $2.00 per 1,000 for this season. Now is the time to get your sections cheap. We bane a choice lot of section lumber gott«n out of young timber, and we can furnish you the finest sections to be had. Write for sample section free. MARSHFIELD Mfg. CO., Marshfield, Wis. i2.y5-tf Please mention the Review, 244 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIJiiW. v\N \ \ \\\\\ N \\\ N \ \ \ \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ \>5 /\ / / / / ■: / % / / / / \:-/^. i^ '/-'■ / / / / % r^ / / / / & ''y.m h- ^,'/, M Porter Honey-House Bee-Esc2ipe. Have you seen it ? JuHt the tiling to put on the doors and windows of your bee rooms. Indispensable you'll say after you have tried it, Cornell SrnoK^rj. ('heap, strong, serviceable. We have sold a good many of these, and so far there has been no complaint; but on the other hand there have been scores of letters in their praise. Price 85 cts. By mail, prepaid, ijfl.lO. Cowevo 2vr)d Novice Extrzvctor^. These are the best. We are prepared to furnish, on short notice, from any of our branches, 2, 4, and 6 frame Cowans and 2-frame Novices. If you want the genuine, see that they bear our name. I? / / W m lii A 36 page Catalog sent free on application. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. Branch Otlices. ■ 1 IS /A'CbigA«7 5t » Cbicago, 1115. 5yr2icuse, fiew YorK. A\ecbanic's PaIIs, A\2iinc. 1024 A\iss. St., St. PAUI, t\\vtr). -/! / / / / / Why i is bes of all, and all abou how to make and use i, in a 22 page pamphle, free on applicaion. DOWAGIAO, MiOH. The American \\\ JOURNAL The oldest and ONLY WEEKLY bee- paper in America. Sixteen large pages. Best bee keepers write for it, Only $1.00 a year. Sample copy free. Address GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Mich. St., Chicago, 111. G. SI. liONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 •Tu^^jji BEE SUPPLIES. Best and most perfectly equipped factory in the West. Capacity, one car load a day. Best goods : low- est prices ; largest stock : greatest variety ; and prompt shipment. Send for free catalogue of 80 illustrated pages. 2-96-8t E. K*^ETCflmEt^, I^ed Oak, louua. e (5)ee- \eepeps' |Ae\?ieQ) A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Iqterests of Hoqey Producers. $L00 A YEAR. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL, IX, FLINT, MICHIGAN, AUG, 10. 1896, NO, 8. Work at IVticliigaia's Experimental ^piarv. K. li. TAYLOR, APIARIST. NATURAL VERSU.S ARTIFICIAL SWARMS. "TT is a pi-etty 1 ffenerally re- ceived o J) i n i o n .'unony bee-keep- (Ms, I think, that the operation of natural swarm- inigr gives the bees au impetus that causes them to work more rap- idly, both at hon- ey gathering and comb building, tlian would have been the case had they not gone through that pro- cess. AVhether that opinion is sound or not is a question of much practical interest, be- cause it would often be convenient, and de- sirable, if the net results were not to be thereby diminished, to prevent natural swarming by artificial swarming, through" the use of some method of division. On the face of it there is strong evidence that nat- nral swarming gives the impetus referred to, but tliere is reason to helieve that we may cherish a just suspicion that the swarming is a mere coincidence and that the ap- parent evidence is produced by other causes. For instance, it might easily prove to be the fact that the more rapid progress of the work of the hive is caused by the absence of the necessity of making provision for any considerable amount of brood, for a some- what prolonged period of time, as the chronology of the apiary goes. To produce better results in the matter of surplus honey some apiarists practice caging the queen for a time, thus putting a stop to the depositing of eggs, and to that extent to the feeding of brood. Is not natural swarming nature's way of checking the queen ? And, if so, may not artificial swarming be so managed that the same check is given and equally desira- ble results obtained V The accompanying table gives the details of an experiment, such as circumstances permitted, conceived for the purpose of gaining, if possible, some satisfactory in- formation on the matters referred to. The scantiness of the honey flow has prevented the attainment of the degree of success hoped for, and, besides, the experiment, cast in an entirely new field, has been a sort of groping one, and yet, I think it will be found far from barren of valuable results. One of the most perplexing, and at the same time one of the most natural things, that enter into the problem, is the satisfac- tory estimation of the amount of food necessary to produce tlie brood which each colony has reared during the process of the experiment ; for it is evident that unless the colonies are of the same strength, and the 246 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. amounts of brood reared equal, or, at least, unless the amounts of brood reared by several colonies bears the same proportion to their several strengths, this matter is in the highest degree important. It is evident, referring to the accompanying table, that the disparity between the strength of the artificial swarms of June Gth and the natural swarms of the same date is so great, and the amount of brood of each class bears such different ratio to its strength, as compared with that of the other, that it would be futile to attempt to show that either class did the better, without knowing the amount of hon- ey required for the rearing of a pound of brood, and it would be equally impossible to make a valid argument showing the bers, consisting of a single section of the Heddon hive, e&ch furnished with full sheets of foundation. As will be seen, hives, bees, and supers were carefully weighed sepa- rately so that at the end of the experiment, July 11th, it was easy to determine the amount of the increase in each. At the same time the hives were gone over care- fully to determine the amount of brood in each, which is expressed in Heddon frames, and the weight of the brood is determined from the showing in the case of the colonies 4 to 7 whose hives were practically free from honey, and the frames full of brood had an average weight of about one and a fourth pounds. From this, when the amount of brood is determined, it is easy Artificial Swarms 1 liived June 2 6, 1896. 3 Total Fdn M^ ^^5^.2 16(4 17-M 16% 6^3 6^ 31 1414 iiM 14 14 £1 o as a ctf 414 ^.B £9 8 3% 8% '9 20 20>^ 27 lO-^B 8?8 Natural Swarms hived June 6, 1896. Total !7 1714 16ki 17^^ m 6« 7!4 7 28!4 22)4 -^7 20 23 1414 79-M 26^ 29 7% 10 10 10 IIH 4IV4I 79^ 8 Str's. 15!4 7 114^24^ 9 5 6H 2Vi 17 V^ Natural Swarm. Hiv'd Jane 9 •' m\viH -im 15 4!4 5^8 6% 21^3 Artificial Swarm. 23, 1896 10 ^' 15 1/2 6'4ll4'4 2214 / 5 6^ 6!4 % 15!4 Natural Swarm, Virgin Queen 24)4 Natural Swarm. 11 Fda. 16!4 9!4'l8ki 29 ^■i\4 .5 6^4 amount of honey required for the rearing of a given amount of brood, unless it is first determined whether the two classes gathered honey equally well in proportion to their strength. Still, if we assume that the two classes gathered honey with equal zeal, which is probably not a very violent as- sumption, we may, especially if supported by facts drawn from the swarms of June 28rd, arrive at a tentative conclusion, and, perhaps, open the way for a satisfactory so- lution of these (luestions hereafter. First a few words in explanation of the table. Of the swarms of June (ith, the first three are artificial ; that is, made by shak- ing the bees with the queen from a hive in which no preparations for swarming had been made, and hiving as in the case of a natural swarm, ('olonies 4-7, inclusive, are natural swarms of the same date. As the table indicates, all were given brood cham- to find the amount of the honey in each brood chamber. In the case of the swarms of June 28rd the same course was pursued, except that 8, 9 and 10 were hived on start- ers, 9 being an artificial swarm, and 10 a natural swarm with a virgin queen. Starting with the above assumption, then, that the two classes of swarms of June Gth each gathered the same amount of honey per pound of bees, it is only necessary (not to be captious about minor points) in order to find the amount of honey expended in the rearing of brood to find the number which multiplied by the number of pounds of brood in each class will give results which if added respectively to the number repre- senting the pounds of honey in evidence in each class will give sums which will take the second and fourth place in a true propor- tion in which the numbers representing the weight of the bees in the two classes are the IHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 247 other two terms, in other words to find the value of X in the expression : 12: X 20 } 27 : ; 2^14 : X 41 '4 + T!!;'.,. The value of X will be found to be almost exactly 2%. But it is of) days since the bees were hived, and if we allow 5 days for the time that elapses before active fcediuy bej^ins, 80 days re- main— nearly time euou^'h for a generation and a half. Making proper allowance we may say, till some crucial experiment is made, that it requires nearly two pounds of honey for the production of a pound of un- hatched brood. Of course, much pollen is used in addition. If the mature bees dur- ing their active life use any considerable amount of honey with their more substan- tial pollen diet, that complicates the matter. If the same line of reasoning be applied to the colonies of June 2.'?rd, proper allowance being made for the difference in the length of time during which feeding has been go- ing on, and for the greater proportion of uncapped brood, they will furnish striking- ly corroborative evidence. That the assumption made above is not a violent one is shown clearly, so far as the performance of one colony can do it, by No. 9 of the table. An artificial swarm of about the average strength of others of the same date the total amount of its honey product is considerably above the average. The re- sults in the case of this colony prove, so far as they go, that artificial swarms may do fully as effective work as natural ones. It is only necessary to point out further that No. 10, the colony with a virgin queen, in proportion to its strength, out did all its competitors in the production of comb hon- ey— the point where excellency was least looked for — a result which seems at least to call for a suspension of judgement on the question of the desirability of virgin queens in colonies used for the securing of comb honey, Lapeer, Mich. July 27. 1896. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. kEIPZIGER Bienenzeitung. —A. Ludwig concludes from careful experiments by Dr. Doenhoff and himself, that bees de- prived of honey, if supplied witli bee-bread, will live eight hours longer than they other- wise would. Under such circumstances they will consume enormous quantities of bee- bread, most of which remains undigested. When, however, Dr. Doenhoff fed confined bees twice a day with a thoroutch mixture of bee-bread and water, they tlirove on it and were lively and healthy at the end of live days. Bee-bread when mixed with concentrated honey gives up Init little of its aU)umen, but gives up much more to water or watery hon- ey. Water i)enetrates the cellulose covering of the pollen gram and swells the nitrog- enous interior ( protoplasm ), rendering it susceptible of digestion. If it reaches the intestines before this is done, the moisture of the latter only produces fermentation. The result is inflammation and constipa- tion. Now " May sickness," according to re- ports, occurs soonest in the strongest col- onies, which start breeding soonest, enticed, usually, by a series of warm days with op- portunity for getting honey and pollen. Then follows unfavorable weather, no op- portunity for flight, and more or less May sickness— young bees whose intestines are swollen with yellow fieces. Here he makes a quotation from an article in the Bienen-Vater signed I. B. Trotzmuel- ler, who selected two colonies for experi- ment. To these lie gave thin food as long as the unfavorable weather continued. Eight or ten diys after it ceased. May sickness began in the other colonies and lasted five days, but spared the colonies treated. On the next occasion he thus treated half his colonies. They showed not the slightest trace of the disease. All the rest were more or less affected. Since then he has fed all his colonies whenever bad weather sets in in the spring, and from that time, or for about thirty years, has not had the disease in his apiary. Herr Ludwig therefore con- cludes that the commonest cause of May sickness is the checking influence of lower temperature on rapidly breeding colonies. It may be prevented, but cannot be cured when it has already set in. He thinks even the giving of pure water might suffice to prevent it. But it is important to begin just as soon as the cooler weather sets in. "It seems to be a fact," he says "that May sickness is unknown to those bee-keepers who practice stimulative feeding regularly and in the right way." I eannot refrain from a suggestion here, which is wholly theoretical, but cari do no harm. Bees have their own watering-places, where they ivill 248 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVI&.». go whenever they get a chance. It would be verj desirable, if the above theory is true, if they would become accustouied to getting it about the hive, but they will haidly do this unless such water is extraordinarily at- tractive to them. Water would be prefer- able to feed for those with large apiaries who have no feed honey and would be com- pelled to buy sugar. I therefore suggest that for the experiment's sake pure water be used, sweetened with saccharine instead of sugar. As is known, this material is i5U0 times sweeter than sugar, so that a very small quantity would suffice. Several years ago Mr. Hasty reported that some one was going to try saccharine in connection with bees, and report. I have never lieard how it came out. It will be appropriate here, as further quotations will show, to allude to a peculiar condition of affairs last spring in therimme- diate neighborhood of Denver (and nowhere else) up to about ten miles from the city in several directions, perhaps in all. In April the colonies were strong. After that time they steadily evaporated. The bees seemed to fly out and die in the fields. When .lune came the strongest were no more than nuclei ; some had entirely disappeared. The bees of Rauchfuss Bros, had the paral- ysis in the usual form; as described on page 191, for 2f2 days, then this somewhat differ- ent trouble. [By the way, in that descrip- tion the phrase " Wheneve7~ there is rainu weather it nearly stops," etc., was dropped in printing.] Out of their 3O0 colonies there were perhaps bees enough to make 25 strong ones. By not uniting when a colony was strong enough for a nucleus, I preserved 17 out of 38, but really had no mo»'e than enough to make four or five medium ones. One bee-keeper could not tiave made more than one strong colony out of his sixty. Another with several out-apiaries estimated his loss at about $2,0()0. Within a mile of me four or five colonies were wholly unaf- fected. A few miles farther away from the city all bees did well. Other circumstances which apparently have a connection with the theory below are that the atmospheric conditions last spring here were peculiar, including, I am told, several fogs, though I do not remember them ; more dew than usual in my locality, according to a neigh- bor (I did not notice) ; the fact that some colonies which were weakest when the trouble set in, afterward became strongest ; and the existence of considerable smoke around Denver, proceeding mainly from three large smelters in active operation. Near the smelters the smoke has a decidedly acid suiell. There are also chemical works. Tlie following is the theory, being a trans- lation in full of an article by Herr Kugler, entitled " Wliat is the Cause of May Sick- ness ?" " Observations of several years have re- peatedly shown me that in my apiary Mny sickuess only appeared after a spring fog, and that the thicker the fog, and the more often it was repeated nights and mornings, the more pronounced was the disiase and the longer it continued. In 181*2 such a fog was very thick each motniug from May 2.5 to 30 ; and from May 25 to -lune 5 ensued one of the worst canes of May sickness that I have known in my long experience. Dur- ing the days referred to the fog also spotted the leaves of ivy in bloom as brown as if they had been sprayed with a corroding liquor. Hence, and from the fact that the colonies I had happened to feed on the crit- ical days remai ed healthy, the thought oc- curred to me that the bees carry home and consume such poisonous dew as falls on the leaves, together with the [loUen and nectar on which it likewise falls; that they toj must then sicken, like the ivy ; a' d that fog in spring must have a close connection with May sickness. To convince myself, I i>ro- ceeded as follows ; When from April 18 to 22, 1894, the disease and the fog again showed themselves together, during this time I fed some colonies abundantly with rather thin feed, and at the same time held back from flight some colonies in the fore- noon, until the greater part of the dew on the plants had vanished. By this procedure the fed colonies were wholly spared the at- tacks of May sickness, and those shut in were also spared witli the exception of a few bees, in contrast with those colonies which had been left to themselves. I believe it is allowable to conclude that the bees are sick- ened by a poison which falls on tlie plants with the spring fogs and is carried home by the bees with their food, causing, in the preparation of larval food, inflammation, constipation, convulsions and death. For further confirmation of what I have said I will endeavor to briefly answer a few questions : — 1. ^Vhy is May sickness violent in one locality, and less so, or entirely absent, in a 'IBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 249 neighboriu;^ locality ? Because fog only forms witliin a limited space, and in this is uot everywhere of the same density ; hence the disease connot break out in the same locality with the same violence, and cannot appeXr at all outside of this region. 2. Why does the disease affect colonies unequally, and the strongest ones worst 'i Because the colonies never haye tlie same strength of flight bees, and the poisoned food is not carried in and worked up in the same quantity. The strongest and most diligent colonies must be attacked worst by the disease, because it can be demonstrated that they carry in the most and prepare larval food in the greatest abundance. ;?. Why does May sickness invariably dis- appear of itself after a rain ? Because the atmospheric condition and temperature are changed by rain, which purifies the air, and washes away the poison deposited on the plants, so that the bees have no more to carry in. 4. How may the disease be prevented ? The bees already diseased cannot be cured, but the disease may be prevented if on the day the fog appears, in the critical time re- ferred to, or on the day the first sick bees are seen, the bees are at once fed with rather thin feed and this kept up until a change of weather, in order that less dew may be car- ried in, and that what is carried in may be mixed with the abundant feed, so that the poison from the plant may be distrifiuted, thinned, and weakened, and lose its fiarm- fulness for the bees." Following this is an extract from the " Dentscher Bienenfreund :" '• It has long been known that the atmosphere of indus- trial cities is unhealthy for the plant world, and tliat this injurious effect is i creased by fog. The P^uglishman F.W.Oliver, found that the classic thick English fog is hurtful to plants for two reasons. First, it with- draws light from them, which they need for their healthy development ; second, it wa- ters them with poisonous su'^'stances." Sul- phuric acid and other compounds of sulphur (a little too much for my (ierman chemical vocabulary) also carbonic acid to an injuri- ous degree are mentioned as occurring in English fogs. I would suggest that it is not altogether necessary for this theory that fogs be ac- tually formed, but that dews be heavier than usual. AxisTUALiAN Bee Bulletin. — Richard Helms thinks that the following treatment of bee paralysis, wiiich is slightly modified from what he has repeatedly tried with very satisfactory results, will always be followed by the eradication of the disease : Kemove all combs except those containing brood. As soon as the bees are settlelfl at night feed with a strong purgative; keep the bees closed up till about 10 a. m. At this time start them for a cleansing flight, shaking off in front of the hive those hanging to the combs. Feed at night with salicylated honey (i) lbs. and ;5 lbs. water, boiled, after which is added 1 oz. by weight of pure sal- icylic crystal dissolved in warm water rrom % lb. to 1 lb. at a dose) for two days, and on the third night with a purgative food as before and start the bees to flight next morn- ing again. Constantly remove all dead bees and burn them. After the purgative the bees should have soiled the hive inside, then after the second purgative tliey ouglit to be transferred to a clean hive. Wash the alight- ing board with soap and soda and clean the bottom inside of the hive and wash it with a solution — half an ounce to a quart of water — of permanganate of potassium. Care- fully remove the weeds from around and from under the hive and burn them. Sprin- kle lime thickly around and under the hive and dust occasionally with flowers of sul- phur the bottom of the hive inside. Feed with salicylated honey food till a good flow of nectar has set in. Supersede the queen, if possible, by one from a healthy and vig- orous stock. For a purgative he uses one fluid ounce of podophylin to four of honey and one part water. This proportion is necessary to produce effective purging, which he thinks absolutely necessary. In- stead of the podophylin, four fluid ounces of tincture of senna, or one-half ounce by weight of epsom salts, may be used. Like Dr. Schiemens, he has noticed a hitherto unknown form of bacillus, which he artificially cultivated from spores found in the contents of the intestines of the dis- eased bees. He considers it distinct from the depilating bacillus, or bacillus Qaytoni, But his expression " quite a perplexing vari- ety of organisms was met with " suggests to a layman the suspicion that, after all, these bacilli may be only those which might be expected to cause the fermentation of food when they get a chance, through indiges- tion ; and that though they may be the im- 250 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW mediate cause of the corrosion of the intes- tiaes, yet the predisposing source of indiges- tion, as set forth by the theories quoted from the Leipziger Bieneuzeituug, should perhaps be regarded as the real cause of the disease. Denver, Colo. July 28, 1896. Drones as a Factor in Swarming. L. A. ASPINWALL. TJEIEND Hutch- l*- inson : — This subject referred to in your last issue, although lightly touched upon here- tofore, is receiving more considera- tion of late. My experiments in this line have now ex- tended over a peri- od of eight or nine years. Drones being necessary to the per- manence of the colony, a logical deduction would be, that the entire absence of them would delay the further preparations for swarming. I here assume that the rearing of drones is the first preparation which leads to the building of queen cells, which, when sealed, constitute the completed prep- arations. In treating this sul>ject, a pass- ing notice of the other factors which induce swarming will afford us a more intelligent understanding relative thereto. As long ago as 18r)2 Mr. Quinby named three causes which induce swarming, and to-day they are recognized as the prime factors. I can- not refrain from referring to the wonderful accuracy of Mr. Quinby's investigations. These factors, a crowded hive, a large brood, and a good yield of honey, are usually sufficient to induce swarming. An- other factor, tliat of temperature will hasten or retard the preparation. What is known as the swarming fever, (more properly styled the swarming impulse) is a strong factor when the other conditions are com- bined. I might name other and more tech- nical causes which induce swarming, but the detail would be rather lengthy and be- yond the province of this article. With these facts let us consider whether the absence of drones is sufficient to over- come the preparations which usually accom- pany the three prime factors. Although many of the recognized leaders in bee cul- ture assert that bees are possessed of erratic tendencies, I have never found them to de- viate from a single law of their nature. When I first constructed artificial comb, during the year 1887, I based the theory of my experiment upon the unerring instinct of the bee ; and let me state, as further evi- dence in support of success in all lines of invention, that we depend upon nature and natural law from the lowest to the highest order as unerring. We find this unerring instinct displayed by the bee at all seasons of the year and under all circumstances. Prudence of the colony conserves its stores for future use, so when the forage begins to fail, brood rearing is proportionally cur- tailed. Drone comb placed in the brood nest previous to or after the season designed for their existence, will receive no attention from the queen. This seems to point to a high order of instinct and volition on the part of the (]ueen or workers, or both. The determination to construct patches of drone cells in natural combs containing worker cells exclusively, previous to the completed preparations for swarming, points strongly to a preconcerted plan. After constructing sufficient wooden comb containing worker cells exclusively I sub- stituted them for the natural combs of two colonies which I had in my sitting room when living at Three Rivers, Michigan. Having been out of the bee business for a time previous to and since my return from Europe in 1880 1 obtained these for study and research. The acceptance of these combs by the bees was a great delight to me, more especially because so much had been written unfavorably to the success of anything artificial in that line ; also, that bees would rear drones in worker cells, (which is in support of absolute volition on the pari of the queen.) The reader will ob- serve that these colonies were sufficiently isolated to exclude neighboring drones — the nearest colony being about one-eighth of a mile distant. These two colonies occupied two windows in my room for a period of three years summer and winter, without casting a single swarm. One colony was Italian and the other Carniolan. The two stored a surplus of 14011)S. of comb honey in one season, it being the best of the three. I felt so well assured of the success of arti- ."^£ BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 251 ficial comb as a non-swarmer that. I made live or six more hives of comb, three of which 1 placed iu the apiary of my frieud, Mr.^Heury (lephart, of Three Rivera. Al- though both of us were almost certain of its success, we were disappointed. We found that uot ouly were droues welcomed from other colonies, but also workers possessed with the swarming impulse, which resulted in restoring the colonies iu wooden combs to a normal condition for swarming. How- ever, I was and am still persuaded that the three years test of isolated colonies was suf- ficient to prove the success of wooden comb as a non-swarmer ; and that an apiary of ;">0 or more colonies on such combs exclusively, would also prove a success. As a further proof that drones are an in- centive to swarming, I made a special test this season in connection with the dummy combs which I am now using exclusively in my apiary. Some half dozen colonies were allowed combs which were one-half or more drone cells, together with patches of them in many of the other combs. As a result, these colonies, and these only, with tlieir thousands of drones swarmed. I made this test to prove the efficiency of the dummy combs— to ascertain whether further ex- periments were required to reduce it to practice. I believe a thorough practical non-swarm- er must prove successful even with a multi- tude of drones, and to that end I am work- ing. My latest improvements tend in that direction, and if I can be guided by my ex- perience in other lines of inventiou, cer- tainly, the progress in this art has been more rapid than the Potato Planter and Digger. My new dummy comb far transcends those I have been using, and will necessarially be the subject of another patent. I have made further experiments by using the dummies with artificial combs. Al- though having but one colony on wooden combs, still, with the combination no swarms have been forthcoming for two years. With artificial comb and dummies to overcome the crowded condition, the minor factors would be lessened, and doubtless the prevention of swarming iu apiaries whether large or small would be absolutely complete. Having made great improvements in arti- fici^l comb this season, both as to lightness and utility, I am inclined to believe in the possibility of a cheap production in that line. It would certainly prove a boon to queen breeders. Selected colonies from which to rear drones, would give better con- trol in the mating of (lueens, and insure greater improvement of the race. Referring to the season. I will endorse the statement of Hon. R. L. Taylor that it has Vieen one of excessive swarming, and al- though my colonies have been exceptionally strong since early in April, still swarming has been almost practically restrained. In the neighboring apiaries nearly all colonies have swarmed. Jackson, Mich. July 27, 1896. A Reply to Mr. Pettit. K. m'knight. (^IR: The Re- k9 view of July has just reached me. In it I find a long letter from Mr, Pettit in re- ply to a former communi cation from the late Mr. Pringle. If Mr. Pringle was living I should allow him and Mr. Pettit to "have it out" without any doubt as to who would ultimately be /io;\s de combat. The gentleman's four column letter is not, nor was it intended to be, a reply to Mr. Pringle. That letter supplied the Belmont Legislator with a convenient pretext to make another attack upon your humble servant, and with characteristic vigor he "wades right in." Now, sir. I recognize the fact that neither you nor your readers care a straw what Mr. Pettit thinks of me, or what I think of him, and that it was really some- what presumptions of him to ask you to "setup" and print my name twenty-one times in one communication. Distasteful to you as it may be I ask your indulgence for a brief space in which to say a few words in reply, promising that it is the last time I shall employ Mr. Pettit'suame in any communication of mine to your paper. In- deed, he is not a pleasant opponent. He is too much given to charging those who differ from him with lying, and misrepresenta- tion. He is not impressable either — once he 2oi THE BEE-KEEPERS ' Ht ML .. . gets an idea into his head (right or wrong) a battering-ram would not dislodge it. The general tenor of this man's letter is local and personal and if met he must be met on these narrow grounds ; but in it there are one or two references of a broader char- acter. Mr. Priagle gave my objections to the pro- posed amendment to the law in the order of their importance, as viewed by me, and as pressed by me. Mr. Fettit d itly coutradicts him in this, when he says " Here Mr. Prin- gle's memory fails him again for Mr. Mc- Kuight's greatest obj;?ction to the bill is, he claims, that the penalties are too high. My greatest objt?ctiou to the bill was that it was needless, as bee- keepers already possessed, auder existing laws, all the protection the bill atforded them, apart from the increased pen:ilties proposed. I objected to the pen- alties as being extreme and out of harmony with the spirit of justice and modern legis- lation against crime. It ought to be suf- ficient evidence to this ardent advocate of bee-keepers' rights, that I was right and he was wrong : when the Commons of Canada struck the penalties he prepared oat of his amendment altogether. Modern legislators aim at making laws intlicting penalties upon criminals in proportion to the crime com- mitted. Wlieu he asked the parliament of Canada to inflict a tine of .s;4(K) upon the min who mixed his honey withsugar-syrop, he made an nureasotiable request. We al- ready had a law that made the fine for this offence ^.')0, which, in my judgment, is suf- ficient punishment, and this is the law at the present time. Mr. Fettit came into the world too late — he ought to have been born when old decript women were burned as witches, and men were gibbeted for clip- ping coin. I objected to the phrase " That which is gathered by bees from natural sources," as being unhappily chosen as the lejal defini- tion of tioral honey. I c«intended, and still contend, that this phrase includes honey dew and " Bag .Juice " and legalizes their pro- da ction and sale, because both are gathered by bees from natural sources. The promo- ter of the amendment says such is not in- tended to be included ; but a judge on the bench when deciding a case of this kind does not take into consideration the inten- tion of the law maker — he interprets the law by the language in which it is framed and I feel sure no conviction coald be secured un- der this so called " pure honey bill " against tile production and sale of these products. As for " honey dew " (which this gentle- man wants to discuss) 1 have no particular objection to its production and sale, if sold for what it is. I believe it to be (when un- mixed with bug juice wiiich is seldom the case) a pure aud healthy sweet, possessing most, if not all thd propdrties of honey — except floral aroma. Bug juice, on the oth- er haud, is vile stuff, unfit for human food. It is the voidiugs of the aphis — creatures that delight to revel on the sweet liquid exuded through the pores of the leaves aud stems of plants and trees. Bug juice bears the same relation to honey dew that the excreta of an infant bt-ars to its mother's milk. Mr. Pettit admits that there was " hon- est (V) canvassing" to put me off the Board, and his henchman, Holtermann, accused me, in the columns of the paper he edits, of resorting to a similar practice to re- tain my position, but when I challenged him ( Holtermann ) at onr last Aesociation meeting, to name a man whom I ever ap- proached with that end in view, he sat as mute as a mummy, and "ate the leek" in silence. It ill becomes the nian who dragged his aged mother from her fireside, aud hus- tled around to get her a vote with which to help put himself in oliice, to charge others with " canvassing." The most extraordinary charge, however, that this extraordinary man makes in his so called " rei«ly," is, when he charges the late Allen Aringle with "inordinate ambi- tion for place and power," whom he says " will compare favorably with any one in the Society in that line." Mr. Pringle was a strange combination of modesty and ag- gressiveness. Place and power he never sought in the Society. I am free to say that t barring the two I have named) no member of the Association will say he ever knew Mr. Pringle to canvass any one to secure to him- self either place or power there — he seemed rather to shrink from both than to press himself forward. As for myself, the Association has noth- ing left it can bestow upon me. It has al- ready honored me with every ottice in Its gift. I have been its Secretary, its Treas- urer (both of which I voluntarily resigned), I have been its President, a member of its Board of Directors for a dozen years or more, and its accredited delegate to every meeting of the North American at which it £xr. tiht.- KEEPERS' REVIEW. 253 had an accredited dele;jale. Pardon m«r for the apparent egotism displayed in inenlion- iDg tije~«r tbin^, bat I am made to appear a** fe*lirj^ aore orer my noo-eteetioo to the B-jard a jear ago. No one erer heard me complain of or repeat this. I know fall veil the means employed and the ciream- -'.anoee under vhicfa thi> was brought aboat. 1 have to some extent >tood in the way of tbe adraacement of one or two men. I hare not been alone in this, however, others hare stood on the rame level with my-^elf. I am gratified to fcnov that I hare always been in accord with the late Mr. Cornell and the late Mr. Prin^le in matters pertaining to the be^ interertr of the A5*ociatioa. They, in common with myself, have been zeakKiTly attended to by eertain woald-be roler?. Both gentlemen were hounded to the very brink of the grave. A« I am still left to be di«po?ed of. Mr. Pettit =Qggeet= a c-jnvenieat way by wfuch the remaining in- caba* may be gotten rid of. '* It ~eem? to mi'" he says, *• he ' M^Koight » should micd '; is own occupation and let as alous." The ' Tuq^rxftL^"' argument is only a scbool- ■ oy's defease, but I will employ it here and -ay, let Mr. Pettit mind his own bo=ine^ and let us alone. I = appose neither one will take the other's advice, for, although thi« L« •.he last time I shall reply to any of his effu- -lons, 1 shall nevertheless continue to take a " disintere ted" interest in the Ontario Bee- Keeper?' Association, manifesting that in- :erei>t by attending its meetings when pos- dble. • »WES S jcsd. Ont. Aug. 3. K*"). Bee-Keepers' Review. ¥. Z. H:T:dJvv L:.-:r ill ?::;:.r;r. A f.^r, ■■"•ise. it FLHIT. MICHIGAN AUG. 10. 1896. B. T\TLOB ha= been ^ick in i>ed for three months but L= now considered out of dan- ger. Bat hi* sickne>s- has not prevented his bees f roflQ storing a g>jd crop of the Qneist honey be has ever iiad — more than 10,000 pounds. Docrr^B MiLLKii and myself r ■ have talked about the good f^easoij^ that are to come until the Doctor has at last gotun something of a crop — had 1,4^^:* fini-bed sec- tioDB in his boose on the 15th of July. Five sapere came from one hive. Tbe SorTBXwLSD Qtkks has steadily im- proved from tbe very beginning of its pab- lication. Possibly there might be an excep- tion in the last t^ o or three is^utss, when she has taken a aecidedly upward turn — been growing like a girl in her teens. Honestly, the Qoeen has become a neat and Yaloable joomaL F. A. GnfinTT., or his apiary, received an excellent " write up '' in his k*ral paper, Tbe Stratford Beacon. Invite yoor local editor to visit your apiary, see that he is furnished with a veil and then show him the wonders of the apiary and allow him to car- ry home a little bundle of its product. Ton and bee-keeping will be the gauieis. E. McKsioHT. of Owen Soond, Ont., has written a mo^t excellent and readable, two- page, newrpaper page,) article cm Bees and Uoney for tbe Toronto Satorday Globe. It appeared in the Aug. let ieeoe, embellished with a dozen most beantifnlly executed eats. Such articles are a benefit to both our pursuit and tbe public. Tee " jA£i>iSE " is the latest bee escape. It has six little doors that can be pushed open to let the bees out. but editor Boot of Glean- ings says that the hinges become propolized and tbe usefulness of the marhine is mined. This is what any praetieal bee-keeper would expe^ Tbe spring principle adopted by the Porters is the correct one for an escaoe. The Basswood orchard of Mr. A. 1. Hoot, planted tH years ago. is now fumisbing considerable IxHiey. It contains 4.CCI0 trees. I pre.')) he should be compelled to leave so much work undone. Since the foregoing was written I have received a letter from Mrs. Pringle, its sor- row and tenderness showing above all things how true a man was her husband. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. YERY interesting and seemingly instruc- tive pictures from the German are re- produced on page 424 of Gleanings, relating to bees' eggs and their positions in the cell. There is however total failure to corroborate them at the Gleanings apiary ; and the whole matter rests in a state that 1 hardly know whether to call entertaining or pro- voking. It is no new thing (more's the pity) for a scientist, even a great scientist, to order pictures made when nothing in heaven or earth agrees thereto. A case where an artist made an evgraving exactly from nature, and was compelled to engrave it over again, and make it agree with writ- ten text, was published not very long ago in the newspapers. Perhaps we do wrong to wonder if we have other crows of the same nest in these beautiful pictures of bees' eggs. The pictures show the egg nearly erect when fresh, half turned down at 30 hours, and ly- ing on the cell bottom at 60 hours. At the Gleanings apiary combs with eggs aged 24 hours and upward had some erect and some inclining slightly. Combs with eggs aged 48 hours to 71 showed almost the same angles, sojm still erect, none entirely down, although hundreds just hatched were about. It has occurred to me that eggs might de- port themselves differently from their usual habit on tender, bran new comb in hot weather. The soft thin film to which the end of the egg is glued would then require but a tiny trifle of force to distort it so as to let the egg lie over : and every time a work- er examined it and pressed against it the process would be helped along most likely. At the Gleanings apiary very likely the combs were old, solid and tough ; possibly the German observer had the opposite kind. The physical difiiculty would be consider- able in turning down an egg glued to a bot- tom which was solid enough to resist distor- tion ; but indentation and protrusion of cor- responding points of the egg itself might accomplish it I suppose. As to the matter of larvte being moved about by bees, is seems to me that that was abundantly proven long ago. Convincing these brethren who can't see is too much 256 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW like straightening out the kinks of a fat pig's tail^difficulty of the job too great, and remuneration too small. Let 'em have it as they want it — but "old Brown knows." Eggs before hatching are, I think, less fre- quently moved than larvte ; but I think they are sometimes when a comb of eggs is given to a queenless colony that has cells all ready for the egg. Although human operators can not remove an egg without spoiling it, other than by cutting ou., the plate to which it is glued, the bees may find it perfectly easy to wiggle it loose. And the same cement they use constantly to attach scales of wax prob- ably suffices to affix an egg where they want it. Concerning the practical point of keeping eggs outside the hive i Fah., how few de- grees down will stop the vital development V Still more important, how many additional degrees of fall in temperature can be toler- ated without destroying vitality, or doing serious injury ? Whether we should suspect the other pic- tures of the series is a sober (juestion also. Probably the first is genuine at least. It shows a netted surface to the eye, some- what in appearance like the net on the out- side of a baloon. The next views show the familiar shaped egg looking like a bag of wheat carelessly and forcibly set up so as to curve it a little. In point of fact there are two bags, one within the other — the outer one the more leathery of the two— and the contents mainly protoplasm, that important compound that keeps the closest company with all embryo life both animal and vege- table. Instead of the bag's gather and tie at the top there is a minute hole there to admit the mysterious sperm thread, by means of which the egg ceases to be masculine and becomes feminine. A little above the mid- dle of the bag is a minute kernel, in the center of which is a still more minute point, where life is tirst discovered. The drawing also shows a sotnethinc/ bounding the path from the opening to the kernel, lest the thread should wander from its destination — a most delicate membrane we may suppose. A swarm of little granules, scattered in the vicinity of the kernel, range th ough more than half tlie diameter of the bag. The use of these grannies I will, for the best of rea- sons, refrain from telling. The Pacific Bee Journal This was going to be a monthly journal, but wisely deciding to creep as a quarterly before walking as a monthly, it is creeping still, and has reached its tliird quarter. Pa- tience, friend Bennett, and ye bee folks of California. Children do not usually walk at nine months. The special trouble in the case is lack of rain. Little rain little honey ; little prospect of honey little sale for sup- plies— upon which same the journalistic babe relies largely for support. The title page of No. 3 puts up the familiar old pic- ture of Blasted Hopes, and a poetical jere- miad about the supply man's inability to buy a chicken coop with his receipts. Sorry the P. B. •!. should ivant a chicken coop so . soon. The general air of the paper is old and grown-up like, with very little of the flippancy and self consciousness we rather expect of journalistic childhood. The wri- ters in the first number (other than editor Bennett) are A. Norton, W. H. Mendleson, Rambler, A. B. Mellen, A. J. Cook and C. W. Brodheck. Friend Norton opens out for advancing honey prices. Of course he encounters some difficulties. "Concert of action in this matter of selling will be very hard to obtain, and the few who get the very bent prices by waiting the very best op- portunities could not be expected to very eager- ly assist in liaving a great many more to put goods on the market at the same time when they are selling." i'UM. HKJL-KJt.El'EUS REVIEW. 257 His conclusion is that cultivating con- sumption is the main hope of the case. Friend Meudelsoii follows in behalf of smaller packages atul more neatness. " W'ill have to take our medicine with the rest of folks till more prosperous times come," is what Rambler's correspondent, D. A. Wheeler, concludes. Still Rambler thinks there is not enough honey produced in the U. S. to go round if the markets were even passably covered over. Probably he is right. Friend Mellen's burden is also clean and tiny package, and general putting things in the best of style. And a section that has had brood raised in it he would have incon- tinently melted up. Hard to deny, but harder still perhaps to secure obedience. The editor adds his idea of grading, which is very simple and level headed — just three grades, the first for white honey in nearly perfect form, the second for darker colors in nearly perfect form, and the third to in- clude all fit for the general market which will not go higher. ( )ur friends as above are drumming a good pan, but possibly they are in some danger of forgetting that when potatoes come down to ten cents a bushel uo tidiness of style will boost 'em very many cents— but then, our condition is not quite so bad as ten cent potatoes. Then follows Prof. Cook on the Honey Exchange, in an article which has also ap- peared in Gleanings. He notices, as most of us have dimly noted, that the honey mar- ket is peculiar, and that, notably, the law of demand and supply does not seem to work. I have not talked on the Honey Exchange. Don't know about such things. But as the fellow who knows nothing about a matter is just the one to tell all about it, I can tell 'em they'll bust up sure if they go to making ad- vances on honey before it is sold. Fore- handed folks wont wait for the honey of three-handed folks (two ordinary hands, and a little behind hand) to be sold. Nev- er, sir. And that's what the system of ad- vances to needy persons will come to mean very quickly. An editorial brands it as a mistake to re- tail comb honey at ten cents and extracted at six. It seems that some in California have been doing that. Strikes me that if they tolerate the. wliolesale prices of seven and four cents respectively the retail jirices named simply show a determination to ac- cept the situation as it is, and wiggle through. Norton notes in the second number that a man who has his living and can get some- thing out of honey in addition is in shape to endure the present depression. Mellen tells us that the pepper tree and turkey mullen ruin many excellent localities in California. So large a proportion of the honey is not eatable that apiculture is sim- ply squelched. But when he says he has had tive supers on a hive at once, all the sections well begun but scarcely one capped over — well perhaps that will do for the Pacific coast, but over here I guess we shall have to call it heresy. Surely something wrong when the capping of honey is very long de- layed. Delayed capping means delayed ripening ; and delayed ripening means par- tial souring, and an inferior product, as compared with what a more correct manipu- lation might have secured. Mrs. J. E. Pleasants pertinently wonders if the Exchange will raise honey prices enough to pay its expenses and yield a net surplus. And Skylark open„ out in the second num- ber with a novelette which for pure non- sense, not unmixed with readable qualities, promises to take the cake. Rambler will have to summon up all his Christian spirit if he would escape the green-eyed Apollyon of jealousy. A long and very well written article on the Italian and Carniolan races of bees by Prof. Cook is given in No. 2 also. Friend C. is an enthusiast on Italians, and possibly lays it on too thick at times ; but that I guess we can pardon. He gives a high place to the Carniolan — combination of the good qual- ities, and none of the bad. of both Italian aud German. But its only particular bad (juality, excessive swarming, is a trying one indeed. Considering the weight Prof. Cook's name carries with it we may diligently heed his decision about yellow Carniolans — en- tirely without yellow bands, except as taint- ed with Italian blood. This will be furious- ly denied in some quarters — and let the truth win. If Catalina island has no previous bees, and is to be used for pure breeding, I should call it a shame to put two races on it as pro- posed, one at each end. By the time the trade in simon-pure queens gets fairly es- tablished swarms will have traveled all over the island, and found lodgment in rocks, 258 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REV in. w. and neither race will be pure. At any rate we'uns, the doubting Thomases, will say bo so confidently that the market will be busted. In the third number Rambler pitches a little wild when he says honey does not be- come a staple article on account of the in- constancy of the supply. MHuy years ago it might have been true that honey could only be had in plentiful years ; but that state of things is not likely to return again. But as to the wicked taking of California's name in vain to cover all sorts of poor stuff and adul- terations— and just as bad when California has no crop as wlien she has — I guess we on this side of the Rockies should offer our sin- cere regrets. The wrong is done by rogues who regard no one but the sheriff' ; and we have not got around to employ the sheriff much yet. Going to. And that other charge that honest folks over here are unduly hostile to California's product, perhaps the best thing we can offer at present is to sit awhile on the stool desig- nated for penitents, and meditate on the charge, We'll give conscience a whack at us boys ; but if she don't whack what then can be done V C. H. Clayton speaks of the advantage of feeding outside the hive, having no other bees near. He thinks from practice, as I do theoretically, that the product is a little nearer true honey when the bees fly with it, even a little distance than when fed inside the hive. His 150 colonies carry oft' 135 pounds in three or four nours — say four ounces per hour per colony. Friend Norton shows familiarity with swarm fever when he tells that desperately smitten colonies will not put honey in empty combs (much less build comb) will not even mend broken combs — nothiug but build queen cells by the dozen, and struggle to get away with their clipped queens. Rut his main theme is getting contrary bees to work in sections. Swarms them himself by shaking, hiving them in a half story of half frames — these to contain some comb but not very much. This new shake-swarm has the original stand while the old hive, with some bees yet clinging to the combs, is set a little to one side. Sections are put on be- fore the shake is made. Says it works tip top with him and he has a finished super of sections inside of ten eays. 1 should say, good for the rest of us if zinc e.xcLuders are put on. If your bees always go about promptly, whenever there is honey (my hap- py fix) why then there still remains the im- portant opject of preventing increase, as later on the old hive is set back top the new colony's half story. Between Mr. Nor- ton, Mr. Kloer and the rest of us a new standard style of manipulation is likely to arise. The credit of getting first into print with the plan is yielded to Mr. Kloer. See Gleanings 425 for a very meaty article on the subject by the latter. As I greatly hate to have odd sorts of frames laying around, I should try very hard for some modifica- tion that would admit of the regular size of frame. R. Wilkin defends the pepper tree. Not sufficient evidence against it yet. Editor says it is a mistake to ship comb in such cases as can be thrown. Crate 'em to- gether till it takes two men to carry the combination. Richards, Ohio. Aug. 5, 189(i. eXTRT^OTEO. Shipping Comb Hony Safely by Freight. The season for the shipping of comb hon- ey is upon us, and greiit is the sorrow when the honey reaches the market in a broken condition. Much can be done by the ship- per to avert tliis dreaded catastrophe. The advice given in the following editorial cop- ied from the Pacific Bee Journal is most ex- cellent ; " The loss of our beautiful comb honey by breakage in shipment and the ruined con- dition of the home market caused by the damaged condition of our honey packages has led me to try to better the method of handling this tender article, comb honey. I have often witnessed the forced sale of dam- aged honey and in almost every store that I visited last summer I found a quantity of this leaky case-daubed comb honey. Brother bee keepers, arouse yourselves and put up your honey right. The first step is to produce the article iu correct shape by having the combs built solid to all four sides of the section, and to do this to a certainty, two strips of starters must he used. One large strip at the top of the section and a small one at the bottom, perfectly fastened to tlie section, and there to stay. The Daisy Foundation fastener is the best machine for starting foundation in sections that has yet come to my notice. IBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 259 Secoudly, to get eveuly bnilt c iiiI)p, we should nse the slotted wood suwed separa- tors and then the cappinus of the ho ey will not scrape oft' in shipping. I hope that there is no snch thiny as the packinL' of broken honey, but I am oftiines tempted to think there is, for the reason that tliereis so much darnayed honey on the market. Extreme care should be exercised in pack- ing, to see that tlie honey is all of a thick, ripe grade, in perfect condition, and stroiig- ly built. If there is any unfit to ship long distances, use it at home, put it back in the hive, or dispose of it at the home market. Don't allow it to get mixed with the long distance honey, for this damaged honey means low prices for all and the ultimate re- fusal of the dealers to handle it. To gain the best results in shipping comb honey, it should be well cured, and to gain this end it may be kept in a very warm, dry, well ventilated room for at least four weeks. The temperature nearest 100 degrees will do the best curing. Shipping-crates should be made to hold four or five twenty-pound cases to insure the most care in handling by freiglit men. The practice of shipping comb honey in single twenty-four pound cases, that can be easily thrown about, is a mistake, especially in small or less than car load shipments. The crate is made much the style of a one-piece section crate, of light lumber, but in such a way as to be stronglj' nailed and large enough to allow of packing of straw or shavings, which will surely give a spring Jar instead of a thumj) when the case is handled. The head of the crate is made of two thick boards just the size of the lid of the honey case. If you use a twenty four pound case, which shows four sections through thefflass. the size of these head boards are 12 by 18 itiches and one inch thick. One of these boards is laid on the floor and on it is placed a layer of straw, then five twenty- four pound cases of comb honey are set on it and the other head board roes on ton of all. with a little pnckintr underneath. Now the thin crate strips are nailed to the head hoards at each of the four corners, making your crate complete. The crate is then nnrked with a rpquest to place it lengthwise i»i the car. Now this cate gets better handlitiL' on account of its size and weicrht, because it is too heavy for one man to lift and i^ fither handled by two men or by hand trtick." I think that the editor of the Pacific Bee Journal is correct in thinking that much bonev is shipped that is not in a fit condi- tion to stand a long shipment and that it better be sold in the home-market. I would use a larger crate than he does, one that would require the strength of two men to lift and handle it. If handles are furnished they will be u«ed. A crate holding about 200 pounds is the size I have used and would ask for nothing better. It is possible that a smaller crate would work just as well, but there is nothing like actual experience. ADVERTISEMENTS If the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former by raising this journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." PATENT. WIRED, COMB FOUKDATION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAIVIES. Ttiiii, Flat Bottom FoniiJatloR HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. Being the cleanest, it is usually worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN DKUSKN & SONS, (sole manufaoturers), 1-93-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. Co.,N.Y Please mention the Reuieiv. J fc^ mml Drift t.rM ORIGINAL 5 ^ ^Sr BINGHAM ^ i llli BeeSmoker BINGHAM i |i Have a Wonderful Record. HAVE LASTED 17 YEARS. \ Best oiiEartJ], Give Perfect Satisfactioii. \ * My cool Wire Handle and Bent Nose were 5 J patented 1S92, are ttie original, my best in- ? « vention since my open or direct draft pat- * tent in 1878. That revolutionized Bee - Smo \ i kers. My Handle and Nose Patent bent all j * I he other smoker noses. None bnt Bingham * Hmokprs have all the best improvements. * If you buy ^ -":w(liC""'TC* gen n i ne 1 Bingham ^^^^^^===5=3-'' Smokers •an.r HONEY KNIVES yon will * nover logiot it. The "' Doctor," '4 inch lnr- i ger than any other smoker on the market— ; 33^ incli stove, by mail, $1.50 ". ("onqneror, 3 inch stove, by mail, .. .. 1.10 { Large, 2i^ l.(H) ' Plain, 2 " " " 70 i Little Wonder, 2 inch, wt. 10 oz. . . .60 ? Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife, .80 ■^.^... T. F. BINGHAM. FarweH, MICH. \ m^».«^^<«^««^*»<«<«. ««jr«««<««»i^««.rf»E* 260 THE BEE-KEEPERS- REV. I DADANT'S FOUNDATION BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS Has no superior because it is made in the best possible manner, upon the best machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and soot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be e(iiial to the sample which will be sent upon application. LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. QHAS. OADANT & SOH, HamNtOn, IIIS. I 4-96-l2t Please mention the Reuieui. POUDER'S HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accurate and Cheap. The trade supplied. Bee Supt)lie8; Root's goods at Root's prices and the best ship- ping i)oint in the country. Write for prices. WALTER S. POUDJiR, 1 95.12t Indianapolis, Ind. P/...SC "■• 'tinn llic RiLifUi. — If you wish the best, low-d price — TYRE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. KANSAS Bee - Keepers, save freight by buying supplies of Henry L. Miller, (succLSSor to Miller & Dunham) Topeka, Kan. Write for cafalopne, also free copy of his pa- per the RURAL KANSAN obcut Bees, Horticulture, Poultry, Live Stock, The Home, etc. Please mention the •Reuieui- Great Reduction IN PHICES. Root's No. I, Polished Sections at p.fiO forLOtX); 2,000 for p.nO; ;5,000 for !|;().4.'-) : ,5,000 for $10.00. New, Weed- Process Foun- dation, three cts. less per lb. than prices given on page 14 of my catalog. M. H. HUNT, .5-96-tf Bell Branch, Mich. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. 1 have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. Costellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. HuTOHiNsoN, Flint, Mich. The Southland Oueen. You ought to know what you are missing, by not reading the Soutliland Queen, the only bee- journal published in the south, and the only uee keepers' scli'.ol known is taught through its co.umns by that \V< >lxLD RENO ,VNED teacher Mrs. Jennie Atchley. How to raise queens, bees and lion( y, and in iMct how to niiike beektep- ing a sui-c"8s is taught in the sciiool. One sin- gif copy is wort li iiioie to beginners than the subscription [nice for a year, Jl.UO. A steam I eer^i'ive factory, and all bi^e-supplies. You all know where to ni;ike arrangements for your (jueens and bens for 'ilG. If you don't, send to us for a free catalog, tliat ttJIs all about queen roaring, niul a sainiili> journ.il. THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO., ]2-i'r)-tf Booville, Bee Co. Texas gg9 ■ • i " -^^'^ want jBi I lOT^t^ tine, large, Ital- .^H/^.^ la* 1 ^ k ^ 1 y queens, ^L -^ ^ ' ,.,|„al to any MK % eimiiKWgencj, by reliuii mail, send ''W UK your order, liees work on red B clover anil are bred for business. fL Untesti'd (jueens 70 els. :H for $2.(10. ^^ Tested, Ifl.OOeHch. .\. 1. Root < o's. supplies kept in stock. 3(i page catalogue free. JNO. NEBEL&SON, 3-96-tf High Hill, Mo. iJtlA BEEKtJEPFRS' REVIEW. 261 WRITE U5 — ^ Bf>f(ir<> ordonii^: vmir «pr(i'>ns nnd w£ wilU'ive you I'.OTTOM PRICES on "BOSS" ONE-PI[GE SECTION, Also 1). T. HIVKS, SHIPPING CRATES ami othfr SniH)Ii('s. Wo have fvt'r.vtliing in tip top ordpr, and can fill ordoi-R on short notice. Let us hear from you for prires. J. FORriCROOK & CO., JaiA l8t, 1.S94. Watertown, Wis. Mutti's ::: lEY EXTRACTOR PKRFECTION >ld-Blast Smokers S0. Queens 5()cl.i. each ; 6 for f 2 7")^ or ffri (H) per dozen. Leather colored queens from Root's best imported stock same price. Bees from my iiiioens are Kood workers on red clover. Safe ileiivery guaranteed. N. B. I safely sent more than I'Wicjiieens to California last season. ,")-9G tf H. G QUIRIN, Bellevue. Ohio. New aud eecoud hand FOUNDATION MILLS for sale, cheap. Yaudervort, Dun- ham, Pelham aud Root mills, all at your own price ! Write, saying what you want. LEAHY M'F'G CO., Higginsyille, Mo. 4-96-6t Pkase mention the Reuieu). W. H. BRIGHT'S CIRCULAR FOR 1895, describes every thing needed in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec- tions, sprayinjr pumps and Bright's comb foun- dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one WM.H. BRIGHT, l-95-12t Mazeppa, Minn. "ry 1 ' f T\ 1 Hon 'y to secure the complet HPPr||T1() K/1Pk '-'"''' ^"ctions can be made v( 1 vUUlilS UClvK if rightly managed during the h ^ August and September. In ''A completion of unfin- very profitable hot weather of September. In " Advanc^kd Bee Culture "' miy 1) • t'luad c miplelo instraciiDns regarding the selection and prepara- tion of colonies, prep iration of the feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping of the combs, time for removing the honey, aud how to manage if a few sec- tions in a case ar- not quite complete; in short, all of the "kinks" that have been learned from years of experience anil the feeding b.ick of tons of honey. Price of the book. "lO cts. The Review one year and the book tor ^1.25 C"pppjpi»e Tlie best feeder to use in feeding back is the Heddon. It covers th(> whole top f)f the hive, holds 2 ) lbs., a glance shows if it needs tilling, no contact with the btu^s in filling, and the bees are never daubed. The usual price is 75 cts., but 1 have 4U good second h.uid ones fur salp at 2'i cts. each. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint. Mich. I 262 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW •••• NO. 1 Sections-Cheap ! We offer, for a few weeks, a surplus of our one-piece No. 1 CREAM at the following low prices : 1000 for $1.50 ; 3000 for $4.00 ; 5000 for $6.00. These sections are finely finished and No. 1 in all respects save in color, being, as their name indi- cates, of a cream color. The stock consists of a quantity of the following sizes : 4J4 x 2, open on two sides; i^.^, xl 15 16, open on two sides; 4^ x 1%, open on two sides; 4^4 x 1%. open on two sides ; and 4M x 7 - to - the - foot, open on two sides. 6-96-tf G. B. LEWIS CO., VVatertowu, Wis. :*;* T\ ■ _ WILL TELL. In June and L/Yll AACI after, I can turnibh wnrranted I I lllfi^ Italian qneeus of the Alley X 1 IVVU strain at 75 cts, each; six for $3.75 ; cne dozen for $G.00. All queens that do not prove satist.ictory will be re- placed free of charge. JOS. ERWAY. 4 96-tf. Havanna, N. Y. Please mention the Review. . .SECTIONS, fl still have on hand about 40,000 of strictly tirst - class 4I4 X 4I4' X 7 - to - the - foot one- piece sections, and to move them off this fall, if possible, I offer them at $2.00 per 1,000, and when satisfactory arrangements can be made I would exchange them for ex- tracted honey. W,Z, HUTCHINSON, Flint Jicli. SUPERIOR STOCK.' I have no hesi- tation in say- ing that my strain of beautiful, 5-banded, or golden, bees of Italian origin, cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS, BEAUTY and GENTLENESS. A trial order will convince of the truthfulness of this as sertion. Untested queens, $1.00 each; 1^ doz., $5.00; 1 doz., $9.00. Warranted, $1 25 ; 14 doz., $6.00 ; 1 doz.. $10.00 Test- ed, $1.50; select tested, $3.0ii; extra se- lect tested, $5.00. These prices are for April and May. Safe arrival guaranteed. I J. D. 6IVENS, Lisbon, Texas. | 03-96-tf © nention the fipview. Tded Queens at Seftntf Five Cents That offer of queens at fifty cents did what I expected it would — brought a flood of orders Ihat soon put me two wteks behind. By the time that I catch up it will be nearly tiie first of September, and in that month the demand for queens is usually at its best : for these reasons the .50 ct. offer is now withdrawn and the price advanced to lit cts, ; but all of the queens sent out the balance of the season will be TESTED queens. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. TtlJL BEh^-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 263 Bees Scooped ! 1 luivo at last sncoopdod in IjiiyingHll 'lie '>Pf"< witliin 2^6 inilee of my lioiiu' apiary, eiviepv live colouies.linil tlie^^e 1 liavc Italianized •|"n- able terms. JOHN n. DAVIS, 2-95 12 Spring Hill, Maury ("o., Tenn. [ The Land of Honey ^ The Italy of America I Send for a cnpi/ of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: S65 E. -^nd St., Los Angeles, California. PlpcfiP mcniinn th^ Rniieia GOOD iTJuiH QUEENS .-Vre my speciality. My breeders are selected , from colonies in my comb honey yard, when the best stock is always selected by actual work done in the supers. No other qualtity in bees pleases me so well as the ability to till the .*fotions with honey. Choice' queens fr'^m this yard bv RETUKN M.\]L after May 1.5, Sl.OO each; 5 3 for S2 .50. / Two-Frame Nuclei, with untested queens, good conibs. well filled with brood, after June Ist, $2.50 each. Orders bf>oked and filipdin rotation. • Reference, the Marshall National Bank. 4-96-tf E. F. QUIGHLEY, Unionville, Mo. BEESWn EnRAGTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam . Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. G. FERRIS, 4 %-tf South Columbia. N. Y. Please mention the Review. JOHN F. STRATTON'S ChLbBRATED Birmingham SteelStrings ^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, Banjo Finest Made. Extra Plated. BBAIK mAr' Warranted not to rust. SendforCatlg JOHN F. STRATTON. Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811. 813. 815, 817 E. 9th St.. N. Y. ^ft^use mention the Review. —If you are Roing to — write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Supplies Cheap. Mr L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, has accepted a permanent position in .\rizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to rae I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are otfered. 1 Barnes Saw $20.00 1 Fdn. Mill ( 6 in Pelham ) Tank and dip- ping boards 6-OP 4 M. Sections ( fx. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Standard 400 1 Daisy Fde Fastener W 1 Coil Wire -60 1 P^xpansion Bit 1-00 61 Section Cases { Wide Frame and tin sep- 10() Brood Cases i; New Heddon ) at -'.5 (58 (Covers at 15 53 Bottom Boards at 10 5:5 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 1.5 2 Escape Boards at 25 .30 Escapes at 1^ 7-JO New Heddon combs at 05 210 Wood Screws at ■ ■ •• •'^1 50 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at 25 Hubbard Section Press ' .25 .\11 of the above are in my possession and can be8hipi)ed pnmiptly. The hives and cases are well-made and nicely painted, and havini^ been in use only two or three seasons are practicdly as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Any one wishina: Ito buy anything out of this ot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. 264 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. !/i:^■K^:itf /i^^^^i: •/li'^'^vV: *:!::«-^»v;: •:''^^ :•:■■■ *:-'-i:»:.--i:'--i :•:.■ • •!:;;• W:V |■•*■.; 11 Muskegon, Chicago, || \ Mich. Illinois. H •i■■A^.^:v:^:i.:^..■:v.^:■.:^^■:^■:^^„i^^^:m■:^■;.im^^■»■:f::.;^^.ri■:^::.■•^::m■:i[^!»^^:i^^ » :'.v«.«j?;t :'-.«-.?;7i^ :*-.-«.-.'w» SEP., 1896. r\i, Micl^igaq. — Oqe Dollar a Year 266 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW AOVE^TISirlG {^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make 1 inch. Discounts will be given as follows : On 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 0 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On i<0 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing Iiist. 1 will send the Revxew with— Gleanings, { 1.00). American Bee Journal ( l.O(i). Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00) . American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50) Progressive Bee Keeper... ( .50). ,...$1.75. .... 1.75. .... 1.75. . . . . 1 .40. . ... 1.35. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy. — All sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1. — All sections well filled, bnt combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," "No. 1 dark," etc. NEW YORK. N. Y.— New crop comb honey is now beginning to arrive but market is as yet unsettled. 14c seems to be about top price obtainable for fancy white, lower grades from 11 to 12. No Amber or buckwheat on the market as yet Extracted plentiful and in fair demand at from 4J4 to 5%. Beeswax very dull at 23cts. HILDRETH BROS. & 8EGELKEN, Aug. 31, 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. CHIOAGO. 111.— Best grad". fancy, 13 to 14c; Second grade. 12 ; Amber and Dark, 10 to 11. We can take good care of shipments. Extracted, white, 6 to 6^ ; Amber, 5 to 5*^. ^ 8. T PISH & CO., Aug 31. 189 So Water St , Chicaaro, 111. BUFFALO. N. Y.— Too early for liberal shipments. Moderate consignments moving slowly as yet. The last of Sept. and during Oct. and Nov. we can place large amounts. We quote as follows. Fancy white, 11 to 12; No. 1 whitt, 9 to 10; Fancy Amber. 7 to 9; No. 1 amber, 6 to 8; Fancy dark, 5 to 7 ; No 1 dark, 4 to 5; White, extracted, 3 to 5. Beeswax, 20 to 30. BATTERSON & (^O.. Aug. 29. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. CHICAGO. III.— We quote as follows: Fancy white. 13 cts; No. 1 wliit'^. 11 to 12 ; fancy amber. 8 to 10; No. 1 Amber. 7: Foncy dark. 8 ; No 1 dark, 7 ; White extracted, 5 to 7; Amber, 5 to 6 ; Dark, 4).^ to 5. Beeswax. 25. R. A. BURNETT & CO., Aug. 29. 163 So, Water St., Chicago, 111. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. - Strictly fancy white ho-ey is being sold as l'>w as 13 cents ; choice white, 11; fancy dark, 10; choice dark, 8^4; strained honey. California, 5; strained honey. Eastern, 6 ; beeswax 30 cents. J. A. SHEA & CO., 116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Mar. 30. KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows : Fancy white, 14 to 15; No. . white, 13 to 14; Fancy amber. 12 to 13: No. 1. amber, 11 to 12; Fancy dark, 10 to 11: No.l dark. 8 to 10 ; white ex- tracted, 6 to 61^; amber, 5 to 5'/4 ; dark, 4 to i}^ ; beeswax, 20 to 23. C. C. CLEMONS CO.. Aug. 31. 521 Walnut St. Kansas Citv Mo. CHICAGO, Ills. — Honey is slow in coming to this market. What we have received we have disposed of readily at good prices. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 15; No. 1 white 14 ; Fancy amber, 13 ; No. 1 amber, 12; white, ex- tracted, 7 : Amber, 5^4 ; beeswax. 25. .LA LAMON. Aug. 31. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111 PHILADELPHIA, Pa.- Fancy white comb honey in good demand Correspond with us be- fore shipping. We quote as follows. Fancy white, 15 to 16; No, 1 white, 13 to 15; Fancy amber, 12 to 14 ; No, 1 amber, 11 to 13 ; Fancy dark, 10; White, extracted, 6 to 7 ; Amber 5 to 634 ; Dark, So. 55 to 60 per gal. Beeswax, 25. THE RUDOLPH (-0., Sept, 1. 22 N. Water St. Philadelphia, Pa. ©ottom Prices nt^IfiO us BIG Tt^nDH; Good Goods Keep It. If yon want the best supplies that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same goods for elsewhere, write to us for low prices. 1896 Catalogue now ready — ask for it and a free copy of The American Bee-Keeper ( oG pages ). The T. W. FHliCOIlEf? WFO CO., Jamestown, N. Y. ^,^>^^r^^m.^^^^^^f<^ JS a book of nearly 100 pag-es that beg-ins with The Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how they oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections, Supers and Sepa- rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arranging- Hives and Buildings and Shading- the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing- Queens and Planting- for Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving- of Bees, Increase, Its Manag-ement and Control, and Contrac- tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, theRaising- of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding- Back " are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Mig-ratory Bee -Keeping, Out- Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the question of Wintering, which is discussed in all its phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee - Keeping-, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee- Keeping, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HUTCHINSOI^, Flint, ^ieh. 268 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVijijW, R*i-p-a*n-s Tabules. Disease commonly comes on with slight symptoms, which when neglected increase in extent and gradually grow dangerous. TAKE Rl PANS TABU LES t^eRIPANSTABULES If you SUFFER FROM HEADACHE, DYS- PERSIA or INDIGESTION, If you are BILIOUS, CONSTIPATED, or have A DISORDERED LIVER, . . If your COMPLEXION IS SALLOW, or you ^T^^ PIPAN^TARIII FQ SUFFER DISTRESS AFTER eating/ ^^^ KIKMnO IMDULLO For OFFENSIVE BREATH and ALL DISOR- DERS OF THE STOMACH, . . . t^keRI PANS TABU LES Ripans Tabules act gently but promptly upon the liver, stomach and intestines ; cleanse the system effectually ; cure dyspepsia, habitual constipation, offensive breath and headache. One Tabule taken at the first indication of indigestion, biliousness, dizziness, distress after eating or depression of spirits, will surely and quickly remove the whole difficulty. Ripans Tabules are prepared from a prescription widely used by the best physicians, and are presented in the form most approved by modern science. If given a fair trial Ripans Tabules are an infallible cure ; they contain nothing injurious and are an economical remedy. One gives relief. A box will be sent, postage paid, on receipt of 50 cents by The Ripans Chemical Co., 10 Spruce Street, New York. (Sample vial, 10 cents.) ' ONE \ 1 GIVES RELIEF 4 Local Druggists everywhere will supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. They are T,a.sj to Take Qiiiok to Aet and Save many a Doctor's Bill. i X'JE'E BEE-REEPERS REVIEW, 269 !9 El i Names of Bee - X i ers . i a TYPE WRITTEN. E a m The names of my customers, am) of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. Tliere are several thousand all arrtuiKed alphabeticaJly (in the largest States) . and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to my advertisers at $2.00 per thousand names. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number of names in a certain state, or states, will be an- swered cheerfully. The former price was 2.50 per 1000. but I now have a type writer, and, by using the manifold process, I can furnish them at $2.00. W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich n,-»-I^o.-«, WILL TELL. In .Tune and L/lll/lQC afti'''. ' c .11 lurtii-l, Wi.rrnnted I I llinil J^ta-li^'n q'loens of the Alley ■*■ A 1-V/V/K/ strain at 75 cts, each; six for ¥3.75 ; cne dozen for $6.00. AH queens that do not prove satisfactory will be re- placed free of charge. JOS. ERWAY, ^ 9'>-tf . Havanna, N . Y. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, Ml. 813. 815. 817 East 9th St. . New York. ITALIAN QUEENS AND SUPPLIES FOE. 1896. Before you purchase, look to your interest, and send for catalogue and price list. J. P. H, BKOWN, 1-88-tf. Augusta, Georgia. f guaranteed II Good INVESTMENT Is to get rid of poor queens and buy good ones. I am offering either 3 or 5-banded at 60 cts. each ; 6 for $3.00 ; dozen, S5,5(i, tested ^'0 cts. warranted to be good queens purely mated. Orders filled promptly and safe arrival . „ 1-96-tf J. B. CASE, Port Orange, Florida. HTlake Vour Ovv^n Hives. 'S^ 3ee ^ Keepeps ■^ Will save money by w using- our Foot Pow- M er Saw in making- ;^ their hives, sections '^ and boxes. 1**^ Machines on trial. '^ Send for Catalog-ue. ig W.F.&JNO. BARNES CO., ^ 384 Ruby St., m Rockford, Ills. 2-961:: «^ ?^ 270 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIE'Vf/. Philadelphia Branch of the i. I. BOOT CO. Order apiarian supplies here and save freight. Wm. A. SELSEE, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. We are paying highest price for pure beeswax. A C\ (\ C^ To my customers and friends : ■ XmI% Please remember thaf W H. I 11 r/lf Laws is again headquarters tor .a. %^ «/ >i^ Italian queens. I breed nothing but large, well-developed queens, either Golden or Leather- colored. My Gf)hlen strain is from Doolittle's original ONE HUNDRED dollar queen sent me after he had reared over l.OUO queens from her. For business and beauty, my bees are unexcelled Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for $4.50. Tested, $1.2.5. Breeders, %-i to $4. Ad- dress 4-95-tf W. H. LAW S, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark. Bed Clover Oueens. it has long been my aim to «et bees that would work on red clover, and I now have 100 colonies of large, beautiful Italians that work well on red clover, and stored a nice lot of surplus from this source last year. I can furnish untested queens at ti5ct8., or two for $1.25. Warranted queees,80ctseach.ortwofor$l .50. Tested, f 1.25. Select tested, $2.00. Perfect satisfaction guar- anteed. C. M. HICKS, 4-96-tf. Hicksville, Md. ,**/cciac itiKiniun the Rf-view. ^PevSl^ &• Lyon MTg^^^ don. Wis , operates two sawmills iliat cut, annually, eight million feet of lum- ber, thus securing the best lumber at tlie lowest price ior the manufacture of bee- keepers' supplies. They have also just completed one of the Levrgcst Factories, ;ind have the latest and most impioved machinery for the manufacture of Hee- Hives, Sections, etc. that there is in the State. The material is cut from pat- terns, by machinery, and is absolutely accurate. For sections, the clearest and Whitest BEvjjwood is used, and they are polished on both sides. Nearness to pine and basswood forests, and possession of mills and fac- toiy e(nni)ed with best machinery, .ill con'ibine to enable this firm to furnish the best goods at Lowest Prices.^;-;- it has a job lot of 200,000 No. 2 sections that will be sold at ,50 ct 8 per 1.000 nr 2,000 snow - white sections will be sold f()r $(.00, and larger quantities at still lower prices. Bond for circular and see the prices on a full line of supplies. Please mention the Reulew. FOB n IITr A little less than a year ago 1 bought rl II I r a nice flute, and was making quite I LU I L good headway in learning to play when I was taken sick. Then came Ivy's illness, and it has been months since I have tourhed the instrument As 1 look ahead it seems as though the days, for many more months to come, would 0 1 1 r be so full of work that I shall not \A| p have the time for practicing that is UHLLi necessary in order to become a good player. Reluctantly 1 have decided to sell the flute. It is an eight-keyed instrument of Grenadilla wood, with tuning slide, cork joints, German Silver caps and trimmings, and embouchure, and cost $15. "0. It is put up in a cloth covered box. embossed in gilt, that coi-t 90 cts. I also have an instruction book, " Her- biguier's Method for the Flute, " that cost S3. 00. The book is a little the worse for wear, but it is " all there. " Yes, and there is a cleaner that cost 25 cts. The entire outfit cost me a trifle over $19.00. but 1 will sell it for $10 GO cash, or I woulil accopr, $12 UO worth of nice, white ex- tracted lioney in exchange for it. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. JOHN F. STi^r^TTON CELEBRATED ^^^^m\ BANJOS, Importersofand Wholesale Dealers In all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, ii.is, Guitars. Banjos. Mandolines, Accordeor HJ'i'moni"'- .r-..::'! kinds of Ctrinas. ctceto. ■ ■• ■ 013 Cin, en E=-t OLh St. New Yo: a The reason that qu' en breeders ar-> S! a often s ) far beh nd wi'h orders is they g sa don't have enough nncli 1. Isliad not cl.. B business in that way. Just as soon as Q thi" weather will p ^rmit 1 sliall start 300 13 nuclei, and, if necessary, the number g will be incieased to 500. 1 have t^ben Q for mv motto. B a jyayiiia j^aaaiaar^nnrTiracaaayiaiaa m I - . . g jif^wRriraraarjPirTiCcririiTiPTjPiFiPirirfiPiririC "BYBEIUBN MIllL,''! And I am determined to live up to it. I have both the Golden and the leather colored Italians, but they are kept in sep'uate yards-completely i.solated. 1 have some V'>ry fine breeding queens di rect from Italy. 1 use the I).)olittle method o" queen rearing which is nn- suri);iS8ed for T)roducing fine (iiieens. Prices are as follows : Untested. 75 cts ea<-h ■ one doz , $0.00 ; tested. $1.00. one do/.., $« 00; select tested, $1 5ii ; one doz., $15.' 0; breeding (iue(>ns. the very best inioorttd $^^00: fair inioorN-d (pieens, $;U)o. F. A. CROWELL 4 96.6t Granger, Minn. ^ HI I arrscnmrgpsciisBBEBisciECiECiBisEiraBEBi IHE BEE-KEEPERS' UK VIEW. 271 WRITE U5 Before ordormK your wectious and w£ will Rive you HOTTt)M PRUNES on the BOSS" ONE-PIECE SECTION, Czz^^SE Also 1). T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and other Supplies. Wo have everything in tip-top order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. Jau Ist, 1894. FORflCROOK & CO., Watertown, Wis. Muth's : NEY EXTRACTOR PKRFECTION Id-Blast Smokers S^u^re 6I&SS Honey Jarj, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves., (Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. 1-96-tf. Pteasp fl^^ntlon t^e ^"uiete. Warranted GOLDEN ITALIAN Queens By return mail. They are bred from a queen tested by Dooiittle out of li 0 queens for his own use and valued at $;>0. Queens SOcts. each ; f) for $2.7."), or ff5. 00 per dozen. Leather colored queens from Root's best imported stock same price. Bees from my queens are good workers on red clover. Safe delivery >;uaranteed. N. B. I safely sciit more than 200uid complete instructions regarding the selection and prepara- tion (jf colonies, preparation of the feed, manipulation necessary to secure the rapid capping of the combs, time for removing the honey, aud how to manage if a few sec- tions in a case are not qaite complete; in short, aU of the " kinks " that have been learned from years of experience and the feeding back of tons of honey. Price of the book. .")0 cts. The Review one year and the book tor gl.25. P/Z^^HpKQ '^^^ ^'^^^ feeder to use -in feeding back is the Heddon. It covers r eeUer C>. ^,^g ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^l^^ ^^^.^^ j^^l^g 20 Ibs., a glanco shows if it needs filling, no contact with the bees in filling, and the bees are never daubed. The usual price is 75 cts., but I have 40 good second hand ones for sale at 25 cts. each. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, FLINT, MiCH. 272 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, m 1 / '/\ / / % / / / ^■,.\ m m. W m S. Porter Hooey-House Bee-Esc2vpe. Have you seen it ? Just the thing to put on the doors and windows of your bee rooms. Indispensable you'll say after you have tried it, Cornell SrooK^r^. Cheap, strong, serviceable. We have sold a good many of .these, and so far there has been no complaint ; but on the other hand there have been scores of letters in their praise. Price 85 cts. By mail, prepaid, $1.10. 'y^ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / ', / / / / '- / / 'A y. y y y y, y y y '// <\ ^ ^^"-^PjS^ Covz^n evnd Novice Extrevctor^. These are the best. We are prepared to furnish, on short notice, from any of our branches, 2, 4, and 6 frame Cowans and 2-frame Novices. If you want the genuine, see that they bear our name. A 36 page Catalog sent free on application. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. Branch Offices. ! 18 /^icbigz^n 5t , Cbiczigo, 1115. 5yracuse, ffew YorH. AVecbAPJc's Fzills, /«\a.ii7e. 1024 A\iss. St., St. Pa-Ul, A\ioO. ^1 Why i is bes of all, and all abou how to make and use i, in a 22 page pamphle, free on applicaion, DOWAGIAC, MiOH. 4 trial trip for only 25 Gents ! To any one not now a subscriber to the Week- ly American Bee Journal, we will send it from Sept. 1 to Jan. 1— fi>ur mouths, or 17 numbers — for only 25 cents. Or, for 40 cents we will send all the numbers (26) from July 1 to Jan. 1. Full Report of the North American Bee Convention at Lincoln will appear in the Bee Journal. Better accept one of the above offers. It will pay you. One-cent stamps taken. Sample copy free. GEO. W. YORK & CO., 118 Mich. St., Chicago, 111. BEE SUPPLIES. Best and most perfectly equipped factory in the West. Capacity, one car load a day. Best goods : low- est prices : largest stock : greatest variety ; and prompt shipment. Send for free catalogue of 80 illustrated pages. 2-9G-8t E. I^t^ETCHniEl^, t^ed Oak, louua. }\)c (§ee-J\eepeps' jAe\^ieLo. A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tF|e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $L00 A YEAR. W. Z. HUTCHISON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL. IX, FLINT, MICHIGAN, SEP. 10. 1896. NO. 9. AVork at IVCidiigan's Experimental ^piarv. R. L. TAYLOR, APIARIST. COMPARISON OF SECTION COMB FOUNDATIONS. /SrOMB founda- VJ tion bears about the same relation to the npiarist as com- mercial fertilizer is to the farmer who is compelled to use it. In each case the quality of the article has much to do with the success and prosperity of the class usiug it. It is of the utmost importance, consequently, that purchaser:* V)e informed in so far as m;i\ l)e of the chiiracter of the goods offered for sale by different dealers, a condition which results not only in present safety to the purchaser but also ( and this is perhaps even more important ) compels manufac- turers continually to make every effort to keep the quality of their product at the highest possible point. It is therefore deemed de.sirable that the experiments heretofore made with comb foundation should be repeated and this has been done during the season of 189G. It is all the more important that these ex- periments should be continued, because new methods are from time to time being learn- ed and practiced in the manipulation, and it is of the highest interest that it be known if possible whether the methods affect the product favorably or otherwise. During the past year especially, there has been a marked change in methods by the adoption by our leading manufacturers of the Weed invention. This is a machine the most im- portant feature of which seems to be the contrivance by which melted wax is made into sheets of any length by being passed between cylinders. The immediate object of the present experiment was to test the quality of foundation made by this new process. As a basis for comparison I made some foundation on the Given Press out of wax carefully selected for its purity, color and favorable texture, the efifort being directed to the selection of wax known to be most acceptable and most readily worked by the bees. The samples compared were three, one from the largest manufacturer in this state, M. H. Hunt. Bell Branch, Mich., which was made by the method heretofore in vogue, and the other two respectiyely from the two leading manufacturers of this country if not of the world, the A. I. Root Co. of Medina Ohio, and Chas. Dadant A Son, of Hamilton 111., made by the new process. One case was devoted to the three kinds, that is each case of a size to contain 36 sections nine to the foot was filled with 274 THE BEE-KEEPERS' RE VIE,,, sections one half of which contained one of the above three kinds and the other half the Given foundation. The two kinds were placed in the ca?e alternately without separators, the presumtion being that those containing foundation worked soonest and most readily by the bees would at the finish contain more honey than the others. For the beuetit of those who have not perused the reports of former experiments it should be said that it is deemed very material to the success of an experiment of this nature that the sections employed be about nine to-the-foot or one and a third inches wide, for the reason that this width approximates very nearly the space which the bees like best to allow each comb. To be exact, this space is somewhat less than the bees use on an average, but a departure on that side is desirable, as appears if the difficulty encountered by the use of sections that are too wide is considered. I found by actual trial if two kinds of foundation for one of which the bees have a decided prefer- ence are disposed in a case in alternate sections, having each a width of nearly one and three fourths inches, or seven-to-the- foot, that at first the bees work out the preferred foundation much more rapidly than they do the other and continue to do so until the resulting comb is of the thick- ness which the bees prefer and must have for use in the production of brood, and that when this point is reached their work on it is, to some extent, suspended and an effort made to bring up the thinner comb from the poorer foundation, so that, with such sections, the preferences of the bees defeat the object of the experiment which is to have them deposit honey in the two classes of sections in proportion to the estimation in which they hold the two kinds of fonndation, uninfiuenced by their ideas of propriety on other points. But the use of sections nine-to-the-foot meets .he re- quired condition, for, unless o e of the foundations is execrable indeed, the comb from the better one is not likely >o reach the desired thickness before the available space is all occupied. The results of the experiment app<3ar in detail in the following table. In each case the Given foundation, as generally heretofore, shows a superiority, but in a greatly reduced degree. The sample from Hunt, whose foundation has heretofore, in this kind of experiment, stood at or near the head loses its place, though on the whole it compares more favorably with the Given than in the test of a year ago. E "S 0 ?V^J The Uniting of Colonies — Humane Bee- keeping. L. A. ASPINWALL. TT is questionable 1 as to the advis- ability of uniting colonies, aside from the timely preparation for winter. Uniting in the spring is wholly unprofita- ble— in fact, with the necessary prep- aration in autumn, all colonies should winter successfully. The occasional loss of a queen, however, during the winter will leave some to be united with those of less than the average strength. 'I HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 275 Doabling colonies as they issue is readily accomplished. Where swarming is allowed several are liable to issue simultaneously and cluster together. When two so unite it will not pay to separate them, taking into consideration that increase in these times of overproduction is not desirable ; and, the two if hived together will store rather more in average or poor seasons than if hived separately. Of course, in uniting it is always advisable to preserve the best queens. A choice of queens cannot be made when swarms cluster together. Instead of swarms issu- ing at haphazard, I prefer to control them, and unite as the circumstances require. In treatiug this subject I shall confine my remarks to autumn work. Many bee-keep- ers raise a few queens, and consequently, have nucleus colonies to dispose of ; others, from various causes have small colonies at the close of the season. The humane bee-kteper will never destroy a colony, even if desired. Large colonies are, as a rule, more successfully wintered, and are the first, other things being equal, to be ready for the honey harvest. As small or nucleus colonies are usually deficient in stores, feeding is concomitant to the work of uniting. Colonies properly united and fed will arrange their food supply so as to be acces- sible during winter. Even if the combs are well supplied with honey a little feeding will bring about a better arrangement of the stores. Having decided that certain colonies are to be united, the hives should be gradually moved together. In bo doing, if one is properly located, the others may be brought to it. By moving them about one foot every three or four days, the work can be readily accomplished with no loss of bees adhering to tlie old location. In uniting colonies I shall differ some- what from the methods set forth by most bee keepers, and the popular works on bee culture, especially in reference to the use of smoke. The excessive use of smoke both in queen introduction and uniting is something to be deprecated, and is not humane. I shall here disgress somewhat from the subject of uniting and speak of the humanity side of bee keeping. Let those who are indifferent to the in- jurious effects of too much smoke, recall the instances when even a little has been pour- ed into the eyes and nose. Although the eyes of bees are doubtless less susceptible than our own, still, the breathing organs are perhaps, equally affected. The immedi- ate fanning of the wings is un- doubtedly an instinctive act to drive the suffocating smoke from the spiracles or breathing organs. To say nothing of the injurious effects resulting from the exces- sive use of smoke, the colony is con- pletely interrupted in its workings. With a proper or moderate use of smoke, the colo- ny is scarcely interrupted, and many bees may be seen continually going and coming at the entrance. I have also been much shocked at seeing bee keepers when tiering supers, carelessly crush many bees, also when manipulating frames, irritate the bees by rolling them against the adjoin- ing combs — also, crushing them under the frame ends upon the rabbets. Further- more,*the rough usage in jarring the hives by the careless use of covers and otherwise, has a great tendency to make them irritable. I take this opportunity to urge bee keepers to consider the importance of being humane, to exercise this kindly treatment to all the creatures entrusted to our care. In proof of this argument let me say that I have never used a bee veil in my apiary^ and, although occasionally, by some accident, I have felt the need of one, still, taking in- to account the inherent disadvantages in the use of them, I prefer the freedom of cool currents of air, and unobstructed vision, as well as the convenience afforded by bare hands. However, not every bee keeper can do the same under these circumstances. The peculiar odor from some persons would not permit the nonuseof the bee veil. Personally, itsnon use is due to humai ebee keeping. I have had visitors who, upon walking through my bee yard were surprised at the docility of my bees, when really I have two colonies of yellow bees as difficult to subdue as Cyprians, and always ready to resent and remember rough treatment. I find that the honey bee becomes ac- quainted and familiar with the beekeeper who walks among the hives. In my apiary one locality containing a few colonies not as convenient to visit, I notice a perceptible difference in the disposition of the bees — they seem to regard me as an intruder, and with their characteristic shrill note of in- quiry dodge rapidly about my head. In- stead of using a paddle upon such or any 276 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. other occasion, it is best to avoid any re- taliatory movements. The destruction of a bee is certai'i to call one or more to its rescue, and the result will prove an increase of irritable guard.-. To return to the method of uniting. Upon bringing the colonies together it is best to have them face the same direction. I now provide a hive with wire cloth division boards, preferably a frame one quarter inch wide with wire cloth tacked on both sides which prevents contact of the bees with those of the adjoining apartment. As I use a closed end frame hive with open side, this arrangement is easily made, and an entrance to eacli compartment in keep- ing with the hives containing colonies to be united. With all in readiness, open the hives, using a little smoke, and transfer the combs and bees to an apartment on their respective sides, giving an entrance to each. The inferior or mismated queen being re- moved will leave one side queenless. In a few days the bees, having become of like scent and acquainted, will gradually leave, finding the entrance of those possessing a queen where they will be recei vedas mem- bers of the same family. It being rather more difficult to arrange a tight compartment in the Langstroth hive, a suitable box with rabbits and one or more movable partitions and entrances as des- cribed can be cheaply made and kept for this special purpose. Preferably, the work of uniting colonies should be deferred until all breeding is over for the season, otherwise queen cells are likely to be constructed in the queenless compartment. However, should it be de- sireable to unite during the breeding sea- son, the screen partition may be removed at the end of thirty-six hours using a little smoke. During a honey flow, bees unite readily. Preparatory to uniting colonies, it is best to ascertain whether any have virgin queens, as such, by the ordinary methods cannot be united with those having a laying queen. The bees of the latter will kill those of the virgin queen colony until the last bee is destroyed. Having learned this by sad ex- perience I have never attempted to unite any by the compartment plan, but hope to experiment somewhat the coming autumn. Jackson, Mich. Aug. 4, 189G. The Late Allen Pringle. W. F. OLAKKE. WHEN I re- ceived the following postal card from the editor of the Re- view: — " Would you feel like say- ing a few words in the Review about our de- paited friend, Allen Pringle ? If you do I shall be glad to publish them ; " it gave me a mournful pleasure to accept the invitation thus conveyed to me, because it afforded me the opportunity of casting a wreath of respectful remembrance on the premature grave of one whom I esteemed very highly during his life-time. Our homes were widely apart ; we rarely met except on such occasions as bee conventions and agricul- tural exhibitions; we had tht-refore but little chance for forming personal acquaintance and friendship, so that I cannot say much about him excei)t as a public man. Of his qualities as a bee-keeper it is useless for me to speak. His writings are left to speak for him, and they testify that he was an intelligent and skillful manipulator of bees, well up to the times, not carried away with worthless novelities, but still duly apprecia- ting all real improvements, and always standing in the front rank of practical apiculturists. His appointment as Canada's Commissioner to the World's Fair at Chicago, was a well-deserved tribute to his eminence as a bee keeper. Mr. Pringle carried on a farm as well as an apiary and was one of the leading spirits at local and provincial Farmers ' Institutes. Our deceased friend was versatile in his studies, was well up in Natural Science, de- voted much attention to political economy, was a zealous free trader, a sworn enemy to protection in every form, and radical in the stand he took on all public questions. I think the last effusion of his pen was a brief letter to the Toronto Globe written on the sick bed from which he never rose, and promising, as soon as his strength would permit, a thorough handling of the silver question, in regard to which he was a pro- nounced bi-metallist. In religion, he was THJL Ji±:E-KJLEPERS REVIEW. 277 an agnostic and at the time of his death, was President of the Canadian Secular Union, an orj^auizatiou for the propagan- disin of SooulariiSin in Canada. He was a frequent contributor to the organ of the Union, a weekly journal known as " Secular Thought." He was an able controversialist, always displaying the courage of his con- victions, courteous and fair to opponents, but rather iuclin«d to obtrude his views on occasions when they were somewhat out of place. I make this last remark with special reference to certain bee conventions at which I deemed it my duty to object to the introduction by him of subjects which it was impossible to fully discuss on such occasions, but reference to which led to the utterance of sentiments by him which could hardly be allowed to pass without challange by those holding strong convic- tions opposite to his own. In this connection I wish to put myself on record as recognizing Mr. Pringle's trans- parent honesty and sincerity. These wore among the most marked and conspicuous features of his character. No one could discuss points of difference with him in pri- vate conversation, as I did repeatedly, with- out being deeply impressed with the fact that, however mistaken you might consider him in any of the views he held, they had been reached along the road of conviction. He was also broad-minded and liberal, incapable of deceit and guile, unswervingly loyal to what he considered truth and duty. Immense injustice is done him in an article on page 217 of the Review, which I deeply regret he did not live to answer, by a writer totally incapable of measuri g a man of Mr. Pringle's breadth, who set out by say- ing:— " If Mr. Pringle had manifested a better spirit, and kept somewhat near the truth, I should just let the matter pass. " Mr. Pringle's spirit was always admirable, and he was scrupulously particular not only to keep near the truth but to hit the very bull's eye of the target of truth. His in- competent critic on the occasion referred to belongs to a little clique of Canadian bee- keepers who, had they lived a couple of centuries ago, would have drowned witches, imprisoned Quakers and burnt martyrs at the stake. The little band of Canadian bee-keepers who thoroughly sympathized with Mr. Pringle's liberality and breadth have reason to feel most deeply bereaved in the death of one who was a tower of strength and a bulwark of defence against hypocrisy, intolerance, and self-seeking in every form. They were similarly bereaved in the comparatively recent death of Mr. Cornell, and as 1, now past three score and ten, look at our broken and shattered ranks, I cannot refrain from asking who will take the places of the two noble men who have gone from us to join the silent majority ? Believing, as I firmly do, that death does not end all, and that men of Mr. Pringle's stamp are too valuable to the universe of God to be annihilated, not all the narrow theologies of the world can deprive me of the hope that we shall meet again in a brighter sphere, and that "We shall know each other better when the mists have rolled away ! " GuELPH, Can. Aug. 19, 1896. A Word of Reply to Mr. McKnight K. F. HOLTEKMAN. njHE controversy re the Ontario Bee- \I/ Keepers' Association has become an extremely delicate one, owing to the sad and sudden death of Mr. Allen Pringle. Under the circumstances there is only one point to which you will I am sure give me space to reply. It is not the first time that Mr. McKnight, in order to score a point, has dragged family relations into public discussion. He says I " dragged my aged mother from her fireside and hustled around to get her a vote with which to put myself in office. " A gentleman — a man, will generally leave a man's mother out of such a controversy, even if he could temporarily score a point thereby. Permit me to say my mother kept bees successfully for many years at Fisherville, Ont.; the testimony of neighbors in her vicinity, and Mr. Mc- Kuight's too, would, I will guarantee, show that my mother has been a more successful bee-keeper and obtained more honey per colony than Mr. McKnight. Why, then, had she not right to take an interest in and attend the convention V She attended several sessions other than that of the election of officers. Again, to show that votes were not so urgently needed let me say, Messrs E. L. Goold— .John Muir, and W. H. Shapley of our company, who paid their membership to the society in recognition of the honor done Brantford, were within ten minutes' 278 THE BEE-KEEPERS' EEVlJfj^. walk of the meetings and would have voted for me, but were not at the election of officers. Mr. McKnight, if he had desired could have stated I received just two votes to my opponent's one; such a statement would have settled the question, but fairness can- not be expected when men side with my opponents who claimed it was bribery and corruption on my part because I gave an oyster supper to members of the association the last evening of the of the convention. In justice to myself and the covert and open abuse heaped upon'me by your correspon- dents I trustyou will feel that I am entitled to the above space. Brantfokd, Ont. Aug. 21, 18!)G, ;=j^>;^Y^| Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. RHEINISCHE BiENENZEiTUNG. — As much is being said for and against Pastor Gerstung's " organic conception of the colony " it seems desirable to give some account of it. Herr Cremer gives a sum- ming up of some features of Gerstung's system, as follows : The natural shape of the colony as an organism is that of a sphere. The combs may be compared to the gar- ment of this organism. When a swarm is building comb, a single oval comb first appears, then two more one on each side, while the first is enlarged; and so on. Hence, and also for reasons to be given below, a swarm should be given an uneven number of frames, the middle one having the largest starter, which should diminish in depth in front and rear. When the middle comb touches the end- bars of the frames the bees ordinarily pass to the construction of drone-comb on all sides, so far as they are able, of the central worker-comb. In the normal German hive aa ellipsoidal nucleus of worker comb thus arises, with its two axes 9 and 14 inches long, the latter being vertical. This Gers- tuug considers too small for the proper de- velopement of the colony, as the (jueen meets with drone-cells too soon in her egg- laying rounds, and swarming is prematurely incited. Besides, a small brood-nest, need- ing as it does the insertion of filled combs for winter, thus has its outliues disturbed. Egg-laying begins in the center of the cluster, the warmest part, and enlarges in the form of a sphere. When the brood in the center is emerging, while the outer circle contain eggs, one brood period of 22 days is completed. The queen then begins another. This explains why every comb has brood in all stages; but they are always in a certain order. Thus if larv» are at the center, next come eggs, then empty cells, then old sealed brood, then young sealed brood. The same order applies to points opposite one another on different combs. Half-depth frames are a " thorn in the flesh" of the organism. In like manner, the bees of a colony arrange themselves according to ages, as a continuation of the order of the brood. As hatching brood comes next to eggs, emerg- ing bees are found next to eggs and young larvse. As the bees keep like pace with the larvae in increase of age, the latter receive different stages of food at stages of growth. After the brood is sealed, the efflux of young bees from the center forces the nurse bees outwards, where they find a new sphere of activity, perhaps as comb-builders, while the bees which they crowd out become flight-bees. Not only every comb, but every cell, every egg, and every bee, thus has its own place. Many circumstances, such as forage, temperature, or improper hives or frames, combine to disturb the ideal manifestation of the organic laws of the colony, but never destroy them. MuENCHEUEB BiENENZEiTUNG. — Herr Kle- in gives further explanations and applica- tions of the Gerstung system. Combs of the brood nest should never change positions, and smoke should not be used in such a way as to mix the bees up. As an organism the colony also has what is analogous to a blood-circulation. This Grestuug calls the " Futtersaftstrom " lit- erally "stream of feed-juice. " He applies the term to the honey conveyed by the flight- bees to the younger ones, as well as to the food prepared by the young bees. The younger the bee, the more nearly this pro- duct approaches the blood of the bee. It increases with warmth and forage, induces wax secretion and the sexual impulses, and finally swarming. In the spring, a brood-nest which has be- gun too near one side of the hive should be moved to the center, the combs thus crowd- ed off of one side being added to to other. If this is not done, other colonies may have six or seven frames of brood while this has but flve; and queen, bees, brood and young THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 279 bees are forced to occnpy. false positions in the organism. Empty combs or sheets of foundation, when used to enlarge the brood nest when there is a flow, should be hung in that posi- tion which is just being occupied by the new brood period, namely, where brood has hatched and eggs show in the center of the comb. Otherwise the added combs will be tirst used for storage, and the uniform de- velopment of the organism disturbed. In early sjiring combs should not be so added until the beginning of a new brood period is on the outside of the brood nest. Later they can be placed at any point in the brood nest where the brood period is begin- ning in the centers of the combs. A similar rule, "like with like," applies to the ad- dition of combs of brood; otherwise they are more or less of a hindrance to the growth of the organism, perhaps during the whole summer. Swarming is prevented by removing part of the sealed brood and giving unsealed brood at the same time, in the appropriate position. Thus that " stream of feed-juice " is kept from increasing, and all of it em- ployed. Sometimes a newly hived swarm builds queen -cells which afterward disappear. According to this theory, the reason is that the supply of larval food, at first excessive, receives no additions and more employ- ment. A like reason explains why after- swarms, with prolific young queens, which begin work nearer the end of the flow, do not build drone-comb so soon; and only it is that a swarm which has been given sealed brood is thereby incited to build drone- comb. But by hanging one to thre3 combs of quite young brood in the appropriate position in a swarm, drone-comb may be prevented. Drone brood in established colonies may be entirely prevented by giving them enough worker brood from weaken colonies to keep that "stream of feed-juice " employed. It helps to give foundation to draw out at the same time. Quite a number appear to have been con- vinced of the truth of Grestung's ideas. What little I have read about them has been mainly expository, not demonstrative. At the Leipzig convention some of his state- ments were sharply criticized by Drierzon and W. Guenther. Some of us will be pleased to learn that in controversy he does not refine his strictures, hits from the shoulder, etc. Perhaps that is one reason why he is talked about. Here is a specimen : " Boundless foolishness, classic nonsense, soft-brained opinions, worse than Mother Goose, [ paraphrase 1. preversity and senseless." Strangely fa- miliar. L' Apiooltoke.— Italian apiculture has met with a serious loss in the death of the Metelli brothers, Federico and Giovanni, both pro.niuent bee - keepers, which occurred within a few days of each other. Dr. Giovanni Metelli was born in 1843. He entered the military service as infantry surgeon in 18GG, in which he remained un- til his death. His teachings were in favor of large hives, very strong colonies, and reserve colonies for reiuforcment. Accord- ing to the President of the Association, he " freed Italian apiculture from the last impediments which attached it to methods, which, however suited to the countries in which they originated, were little adapted to the fertility of the Italian soil and the mildness of the climate, and the different character of the Italian bee. " The last letter written by Dr. Metalli to the editor, on the subject of artificial swarming, contained this sentence: " Nature is in so far superior to art, that she has at her disposition an infinite number of ages and the iron law of natural selection; while art has at its disposion merely the brief life of the artist, or in an auxiliary way that of a few successive ones, or only historical periods with all their windings of error and truth. " He preferred artificial increase, which he made by removing the old colony to a new stand, and setting the (jueen with a frame of brood and bees in a new hive on the old stand to catch the flight-bees. In 8 to 12 days the old colony was divided. On page 153, next to the last line, " Dr. Martin " is an error for " Dr. Metelli. " The name of the Ohio " bee-charmer " re- ferred to in the same passage, was W. A. Flanders. He was quite well known as an authority on bee-keeping, at the time that H. A. King was another authority. He lived in Richland Co. He disappeared about thirty years, supposed to have been drowned in Lake Erie, where he had bought an island for queen-rearing purposes. He gave away or sold samples of his "charming" liquor to various parties. Perhaps some of the older readers will be able to throw some light on this matter. 280 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEv», In a queenless colony destitute of brood, Rev. Niccolo Jozzelli found a single queen- cell, supplied with royal jelly, containing the larvae of a moth. A similar case was reported to him years ago. but thinking it a mistake, he did not venture to speak of it. Leipzigek Bienenzeitung. — By the cour- tesy of Pastor Fleischmann, I received a sample horsehair veil. Only the face- piece is composed of horsehair. By the accompa- nying catalogue I see that this is true of all styles of this kind of veil, so I must give up my hopes of an indestructible article. Hike the horsehair rather better than the veils I have hitherto used. While pliable, it never obstructs the vision by folds. It is largely used about Hanover, where colonies are counted by the hundred. The cost is 36 cents. Akvada Colo. Aug. 8, 1890. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. Terms :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 ; three for $i.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more, 70 cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi sw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued FLINT. MICHIGAN. SEP. 10. 1896. The Next Review will probably be late, as I expect to go to the fairs with an ex- hibit of bees and honey. The Vote on '"Amalgamation" will not be taken until the Annual Election in Jan- uary next. This is the decision on the Advisory Board. Geo. T. Wheadon & Co., the firm whose ad. appears in this issue, can give plenty of references as to their reliability. Before accepting their ad. I asked for references, and received the following: L. B. Smith, Pres. First Nat'l Bank, Castleton, Vt. ; Gray Bros., Bankers, Middleton Springs, Vt.; Hughs Fruit and Produce Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; Frederick Bros., Holland, Iowa; Lowry City Bank, Ijowry, Mo.; L. D. Moses, Pres. German Nat'l Bank, Ripan, Wis.; and any wholesale house in Chicago. I may also add that they have paid me promptly. Dbawn Combs increase the crop of comb honey 100 per cent., writes L. A. Ressler to Gleanings. When I flrst read that I thought that Mr. Ressler had been a little extrava- gant, audit does sound so, but I am not so sure that he isn't pretty near the truth. How much more extracted than comb honey can you produce ? That's the question ; and drawn comb will enable you to produce as much comb as extracted honey. There is a big field here for experiment and investiga- tion. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. rnO see ourselves as others see us just look 1/ at the following, which was first pub- lished in Lippincott's Magazine, then quot- ed by the Literary Digest, XIII, 47.'). " Here is an industry that is adapted in some degree to almost every section of our country, that is not overdone, and cannot be overdone until honey is as common on our tables as milk. " Very likely that all the trouble is that the writer of this has been reading foreign bee literature, and has thus got the non-special- ist view. Point of view counts for quite a bit. " Barkis is willin " to put honey on the tables ow as plenty as milk ; but Bite-is is indifferent to having it there — until he gets the bee fever and produces it himself. Who knows but a wholesale propaganda of bee keeping would create more market than the new bee-keepers could supply ? The American Bee Journal is still in the biography business ; and the sketch of H. E. Hill, given 497, is more readable than such work is apt to be. Friend Hill is the champion " rolling stone " of the profession; and his rollings embrace Cuba, California and Canada. They aggregate over 20,000 miles— with 159 years yet to hear from before he reaches the appointed three score and ten. He kind o' owes it to his reputation to keep bees a little while in Chili and a spell in Palestine. Benton has been nearly half way round the world and back, with lots of European and African journeys thrown in, and our younger trotter will still have to hustle some to pass him. On page 499 A. B. J. Doolittle gives a very interesting article on selecting workers to put in the shipping cage with a queen. ■£HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 281 This is by no means a matter of indifference, as a greenhorn might suppose. " Bees all dead in the cage, " was the usual report when old bees were used. In practice a colony often has none but old bees to escort their queen; to get younger ones from another colony subjects her to some risk of being worried by her attendants. Mr. D. tlnds very young bees, such as can be selected by their downy appearance, but little better than old ones. Hather young bees, which have flown at least once, and voided the load of excrement all young bees carry, are found to be the right ones — G to 15 days old — and these can be told from those of other ages by their be- ing more slim of look. Practically take the ones that after a disturbance first dip their heads in open honey cells and most of them will be the right ones without further trouble. Dr Miller in his search for non-swarming arrangements finds two story hives to swarm about as badly as one story; but hav- ing every year a few in tiiree or more stories, he notes that not one of them hcts yet cast a swarm. A. B. J. 501. Mrs. Sallie E. Sherman had a vicious colony allowed to go on in the bad habit of attacking everybody till they were quite a terror. (She treated them to repeated smokings many times a day for nearly a week; and rejoiced to find them at the end about as civil as ordinary bees. A. B. .J. 502. I think this would usually work, and if so it is worth remembering. Dadant and Son contribute a valuable ex- perience with after swarms, A. B. J. 482. Sometimes after swarms go back to the parent hive with great readiness when med- dled with a few days after hiving. They had 15 or 20 such in plain boxes. On obtaining some frame hives they tried to transfer them. Only one or two out of the whole lot failed to go hom« before the day was over. If this could be depended on it would be better than my regular practice of detain- ing them in a pit, as three days' work of the swarm would be saved. In watering bees Dr. O lUup finds about what salt one naturally takes between the thumb and two fingers to be right for a two quart jar of water. Where suitable trees are few and wild bees very plenty, examining every tree may be a better method of search than the orthodox lining. I take it that the bees found, A. B. J. 441), were found otherwise than by the line process. H. C. Aiders of Lee, Louisiana found six in one day, and his partner Henry Hooks found thirteen. Makes 'em laugh to think of the trouble some people take to find a bee tree. C. P. Dadant, A. B. J. 466, gives us the reasons, so far as he knows them, why they have so very few swarms. Admits that one yard in 1890 gave a multitude of swarms. Keepers failed to keep up with the honey flow. He well remarks that swarm fever is not ended by division. Both sections will swarm. Also a certain percent will swarm anyhow, 3 to 5 out of a hundred. Now as to the remedial measures. First and fore- most plenty of brood space all in one story. Second, plenty of room ( and if possible plenty of comb also ) to store the surplus — no waiting for building. Third "there are always too many roosters, " cut out most of the drone comb and replace it with worker comb. For the many-storied hives some of us run to, he recommends /ire escapes. My present impression is that having the brood all on a comparatively few very large combs counts for a good deal. Thus the ex- pansion of brood is a quiet growth — no jumps and especially no long absences of the queen from any spot where cells have been made ready for eggs. Bees go by smell: and if her majesty is long absent they straightway smell a need os more royalty. The second item is also good, no doubt; but I don't think repression of drones amounts to anything except as a saving of honey. Dr. Howard of Fort Worth, Texas, who is pretty good authority, says he has poision- ous honey and can furnish samples. The flower yielding it is a spurge, closely allied to the one from which croton oil is made. It never kills anybody, as vomiting takes place too promptly. A. B. J. 477. Friend Aikin of Colorado rather pricks alfalfa's balloon with a pin. A. B. J. 436. Three years out of the last six the yield has amounted to but little— no more a sure thing than other honey plants — and after the first six weeks of its season the bloom scarcely ever has enough honey in it for the storing of surplus. Doolittle hits the bull's eye when he re- minds those who enquire of nature, as to comb spacing and related matters, that cap- ped brood is what one wants to measure, not mere empty comb. The former is a 282 THE BEE-KEEPERS- Rl^/. full inch in thickness, the latter only seven- eighths. A. B. J, 41 e^ I have seen them waste valuable time in stopping to put the hands up to the face, or nlunge the head in a clump of bushes, in ignoble retreat. — Ed. ] " The foregoing advice is most excellent. I don't think that there is a colony in my yard that I could not go out and manipulate without either smoker or veil, and receive no stings, yet 1 would be obliged to work very slowly and carefully. It often happens that 1 wish to do just a little bit of work with the bees — see if a queen has been re- leased, or if she has begun laying, or how the bees are working in the sections, or something of that kind,— and I neither light a smoker or get a veil ; just work slow- ly and carefully. But the use of a smoker is a great saving of time. So is a veil, as we don't have to be ([uite so careful. I don't mean by this that I would work " rough shod " or smash bees, simply that quicker motions can be indulged in. As a rule, I use a smoker, and if the bees are getting no honey, or are a little cross for any reason, I use a veil. We all know that one accustomed to bees can go into an apiary where the bees are somewhat cross, and stay half an hour, for that matter, and if the hands are free to use in protection, no stings will be received, while a novice would be stung almost imme- diatly, and a great many times if he should stay half an hour. The pulling down of the hat over the brow, the shading of the face with the hands, etc., all disconcert a bee so much that a sting is seldom received. If all persons behaved alike in the yard, I think all would be stung alike. Improving the Bees. I fear but little is being done in the line of improving bees by selection in breeding. There is a whole lot of talk about it, but who is doing anything ? We all know that there is a great difference in colonies as re- gards results in honey storing, but what are we doing about it ? W. J Davis of Youugs- ville. Pa., has an article on this subject in the American Bee-Keeper, and the ideas he advances are worth thinking about and put- ting in practice. He says : — •'Those who keep bees (with possibly a few exceptions) keep them for the profit they may yield, and it is safe to say, when they cease to yield a profit for their owner for several years in succession they would cease to have owners, and if they existed at all, it would be in a wild state. That there is a vast difference in the prof- its of different colonies in the same apiary, I think no bee-keeper of experience and ob- 286 THE BEE-KEEPERS' u^v. servation will deny. One colony or a major- ity of the colonies of an apiary may yield satisfactory returns while others jast as fa- vorably situated and in equally as good con- dition in the spring will give no profit. The only legitimate conclusion that I can arrive at is that there is a great difference in the bees even of the same variety. (Viz.: Ital- ians, German, Carniolan, etc.) Neither is it 8 irprising that such should be the case. We find the same condition of things among other domestic animals. There are cows kept which are au absolute bill of expense to their owners. Most dairymen realize that there are cows in their dairy that are not for sale, while others are. We will not lengthen this article by par- ticularizing, but simply say that the same degree of merit and demerit obtains among horses, cattle, sheep, swine and poultry, and an effort is being constantly made to prop- agate the good qualities and eliminate the bad. That is just what we should do with the honey bee, but we should start with the best. The three banded Italians I take as the best domesticated honey bee yet brought to public notice, and I understand such to be the verdict of the world's best apiarists to- day. By way of practical experience I will say that I k-^pt black bees for about twenty years and would have given up bee-keeping in disgust had not new hope dawned on the pursuit by the introduction of the Italian bee. When the seasons were Jitsf rj^/fi re- sults wore satisfactory, but it took about three years of favorable conditions, (rain- fall, etc.), to produce one good honey year, and the blacks couldn't stand grief. The wax moth was troublesome with the blacks. They were much disposed to rob. Like some people they must do a big business or nothing. And then in spring they were prone to desert their hives, leaving brood, honey, and all the conditions one would think favorable to contentment, viz. : clean combs, clean hive, and sometimes 10 to 12 pounds of honey, and after flying like a natural swarm would try to force an en- trance into some other hive already occu- pied, and if they succeeded in gaining an entrance they were sure to be killed to the last bee. In July, 1866, I procured two Italian queens which were safely introduced, and the work of Italianizing an apiary of sixty colonies of blacks begun, which was accom- plished in 1867 and the apiary increased to 120 colonies. I found the Italians proof against the wax moth. They would never desert their hives in early spring, and whenever a small amount of honey was obtainable, they would secure that, and gain in stores, while the blacks would require feeding. Bat when tha black bloT 1 was all elimi- nated, I found that the Italians were not all alike profitable. I supposed that the queen that would lay the most eggs must be the best. That 1 7fH0?<; was a mistake. Some queens producing one-half the number of eggs that the other did, gave much better results in surplus hoiey. The solons of bee culture told us to introduce new and fresh blood to avoid the evil effects of in and in breeding. For fifteen or twenty years I secured by purchase and exchange queens from the North, South, East and West, but cross as I might, the same fact presented itself, that some colonies were ot worth keeping and some queens were worth their ' weieht in gold.' I said why can not all be as good as the best. We can rear queens from only the best stocks, but we cannot be sure of the young queens being fertilized by drones from colonies we might desire. When the Italian bees brought fifteen dol- lars per colony, every colony was saved, the bees having a commercial value. But for several year-! past the bees themselves had no value in the fall of the year from the fact that bees in the spring were worth no more per colony than the hives, comb and honey in the fall. So it has been my practice for a number of years to reduce my stock by killing the colonies that did not come up to ray ideal of what a colony ought to be. But some men will say : ' What is your standard of excellence ?' First I would prune out every colony that shows any signs of black blood. 2ad, I would kill all the vi- cious bees, I w'luld no more keep a vicious colony of beesthau I wouhl a vicious cow or horse. Any of them would endanger a hu- man life. 8rd, another class of colonies are those that fail to give satisfactory results though in appearance and temper they may be faultless. Such colonies also must van- ish. This sreat difference in productive- ness is probably more observable in large apiaries. I cannot account for the great dif- ference's in colonies only in this way : 1st, the shorter proboscis of the workers of some colonies whereby thev are unable to reach the nectar of certain flowers which are ob- tainable by others. 2nd, shorter or weak- ness of wing, or .3rd. greater vitality and lonerevity of queen and workers. I incline to the opinion that in this the secret lies. We do knoiv that it is not the most prolific queens that have the strongest colonies in the early spring or give the most substan- tial results for the season. These facts be- ing known it remains for bee-keepers to solve the reason why. If we cannot account for the fact of one colony collecting two or three times as inuch as another in the same yard, we can take the short cut and abolish the less productive ones and thus secure the • survival of the fittest.' This has been my practice for several years and results show the correctness of the theory. When the maximum number of cilonies desired by the bee-keepers is not yet reached, the same results may be ob- tained by killing undesirable queens and supnlying the colonies with better ones. Abundant new blood ' is secured by bring- ing home stocks from two out apiaries. If this plan followed persistently for a term of yeirs will not develop 'Apis American' what will ?" rttiL iit.k.-Kle country. Write for prices. WALTER S. POUDER. 1 95.12t Indianapolis, Ind. Please mention Ihr fievi^iu. — If you wish the best, low-dprice — TYPE - WRITER, Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. f^ /| A f ^^ /\ ^^ ^66 - Keepers, save /\iri IV O^O freight by buying supplies of Henry L. Miller, (successor to Miller & Dunham) Topeka, Kan. Write for catalopuf^, also free copy of his pa- per the RURAL KANSAN ahoal Bpes, Horticulture, Poultry, Live Stock, Tlio Home, etc. Please mention the Reuiew. Great Reduction N PRICES. Root's No. 1, Polished Sections at !l;2..'")0 for 1,000 : 2,000 for $4.r)0 ; :5,000 for !i;(J.4.'-) ; 5,000 for $10.00. New, Weed-Process Foun- dation, three cts. less per lb. than prices given on page 14 of my catalog. ^. H. HUNT, If You Wish Neat, Artistic .5-96-tf Bell Branch, Mich. Have it Doqe at the Review. I have several hundred QUEEN CAGES of different styles and sizes, made by C. W. Costellow. and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. The Southland Oueen. You ought to know what you are missing, by not reading the Southland Queen, the only bee- journal published in the south, and the only oce keepers' sch' ol known is taught through its c uumns by that WORLD RENOWNED teacher Mrs. .Jennie Atcliley. How to raise queens, bees and honey, and in fact how to make bee-keep- ing a sut^.pss is taught in the school. One sin- glt» cf)py is worth more to beginners than the subscription price for a year, $1.00. A steam I oe-fiive factory, and all bse-supplies. You all know whpre to mukfi arrangements for your queens and beei for '96. If you dnn"t. send to us for a free catalog, that tpJls all about queen rearing, and a samulo journal. THE JENNIE ATCHLEY CO.. 12-f5-tf Beeville, Bee Co. Texas j^V V • i ^' J"'^ want m\ I iQT^n «"<^. '="«e. itai- Jh/^^^^ An^ 1 ^ k ^ I # lan queens, ^^HL e()ual to any MB % eimiiiorgency. by return mail, send ^^m UK .your order. Rees work on red K cl<)ver and are bred for business. |L Untested ijueens 70 ctK. 8 for $2M). ^^ Tested, Jfl.OOeach. A. 1. Root ( o's. supplies kept in stock. 36 page catalogue free. JNO. NEBEL&SON, 3-r6-tf ., High Hill, Mo. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 289 Violin for Sale. I am advertising for the well known iiianii- factiirers of musical iiisliunieiitH, Jno. F. Strattou& iSon, of Now York, and lakins my pay ill musical mercliamlipe. 1 have now ou hand a tine violin outfit consisting of violin, bow and case. The violin is a " StradiuariuB, " Ketl, French finish, high polish, and real ebony trimmings, price $14.1)0. The bow is of the fin- est snakowood, ebony frog, lined, inlaid ( pearl lined dot ) pearl lined slide, (lerman silver shield, ebony screw-head, Herman silver ferules, and pearl dot in the end, price $2.50 The e^se is wood witli curved top, varnished, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, and handles and lock, price $3 50. This makes the entire outfit wortli an even $20 00. It is ex- actly the same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerfnl, rich tone th.in some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wish to Sell 'his ou fit, and wouhl accept uno- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent ou a five days' trial, and if not en tireJy satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. RI-P-A-N-S The modern stand- ard Family Medi- cine : Cures the common e very-day ills of humanity. The .ibnvG cut show.s tlie "HIGGTNS- VILLE " Smoker. Fiy. 2 shows the nozzle thrown back for filling. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draft. j^^ "The 'Iligginsvillo' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " J M Morse, llolden. Mo. J^~ Price of smokers, 75c ; 3 for $1.80; by mail add 25c each for postage. Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK. 283 Wash. St, N Y. City. [SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue No. 1 4J4x4^ Snow- white Sections at $2 00 Per THOUSAND! r a_ For the purpose of introducing our one-piece sections to bee kei pcrs generally; wo have de- cided to in iko th ? prio'j $2.00 p»r 1,000 for this so -.son. Now is the time to get year sections cheap. We haue a choice lot of section lumbc;r gotten out of young limber, and we can famish you the liucst sections to be had. Write for sample section fn e. MARSHFIELD Mfg. CO., Marshfleld, "Wis. 12-95-tf ntion the Rvuiew. 290 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIM.» tlmlHrtft fetft.1 ORIGINAL § BINGHAM F BINGHAM I SMOKE&SJ Have a Wondernil Record. • HAVE LASTED 17 YEARS. J I Best oiiEartt], &iye Perfect SatisfactiOii. \ t My cool Wire Handle and Bent Nose were 5 5 patented 1892, are the original, my best in- ( f vention since my open or direct draft pat- • Cent in 1878. That revolutionized Hee - Smo 1 5 kers. My Handle and Nose Pateut bent all J jj the other smoker noses. None but Bingham « 5 Smokers have all the best improvements, i \ If you buy ^ =^=^JSS^P& genuine J i Bingh a m I and HONEY Smo kers KNIVES yon will 5 ^ never egiet ii. The '" Doctor," '4 inch l.r- ? 5 ger than any other smoker on the mark t— S ; 3>^ inch ^tovo, by mail $l..'iU j 5 Conq ei or, 3 inch stove, by mail, . .. \.WS ^ Largo, 2J4 ' " "' 1.0(1 J K Plain, a " " •' " 70 J J L ttl- Wonder, 2 in.-h, wt. 10 oz. .60 i 5 Bingham & Helherington Honey Knife, .80 S I T. F. BINGHAM, FarweH, MlcH. I G. M. LiONG, <^edar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. l-i'6-6 Please mention the Peuiew. ^SECTIONS^ ff^\ I still have ou hand about ^r 40,000 of strictly first - class W 4I4 X 43^ X 7 - to - the - foot one- I L. piece sections, and to move them ofif this fall, if possible, I offer them at $2.00 per 1,000, and when satisfactory arrangements can be made I would exchange them for ex- tracted honey. W.LHUTClilON, Flint Jicli. SUPERIOR STOCK.' I have no hesi- tation in say- ing that my strain of beautiful, 5-banded, or golden, bees of Italian origin, cannot be surpassed for BUSINESS, BEAUTY and GENTLENESS. A trial order will convince of the truthfulness of this as sortion Untested queens, f 1.00 each ; i^doz., $.1.00; I doz.. $9.00. Warranted, «I 25; 14 d(.z.. .«6.00; 1 d.z., $10.00 Test- ed, $1.50; select tested, $3.0'; extra se- l^■ct tested, |5.U0. These prices are for April and May. Safe ariival guaranteed. (JS-iiO-tf J. D. GIVENS, Lisbon, Texas. | ''tease mention the /?« Ttsted Oueens al Sevcnlf five Cents, That cffer of queens at fifty cents did what I expected it would — brought a flood of orders that soon put ine two weeks behind. By tlie time that I calch u|) it will be nearly the tirst of SM)letnl>er, and in Ihat u ontli the demand for queens is u.^ually at its best ; for these reasons the 50 ct. offer is now withdrawn and the price advanced to 75 cts. ; tint all of the queens sent out the balance of the season will be TESTED queens. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint Mich. "i^^^^^^' "}i£. BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 291 Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succpeded in huyinR all *ho 'loes within 2^ miles of my homo apiary, except five colonies, and these I liave Italianized and have permission to control their drones. .This prac- tically gives mo a Clearfield for breeiliUK pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty years' experonce in breeding and experimenting with lt:ilian queens and Ijpps, and 1 now breei. 2.'>0. Select tested qneen, 83 00. After May Ist, one tested queen. |l 50; 3 for S4. 00; 6 for"$7 .50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens as earlv as the season will xiermit of their being reared", one for Si 00 ; 8 for $2.25 ; 6 for $4 00 ; 12 for $() 75. I have over UW tested queens reared last summer and fall that will be taken from full colonies to fill extra early orders. Contracts for hybrid and black bees in qnan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with tested or nntested Italian queens on reason- able terms. :-95-12 JOHN VA. DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tenn. The Land of Honey, The Italy of America I Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 365 E. 'Md St., Los Angeles, California. PIfiKP mi-ntinn th.- Rfineiu .\n extra fine grade of comB'-HoriEY. Any one wishing pomething very nice in White ("lover or Basswood, Comb or exsracted honey, for exhibition, or any purpose where a " gilt edge " article is desired, should write for prices and particulars to, J. TAYLOR, Forestville, Minn. PleaSG nwntion the Reuiew. BEESWAX EnRAGTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by steam . Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. G. FERRIS, 4-96-tf South Coluipbia, N. Y. Please mention the Review. JOHN F. STRATTON'S Cl-.l.tBKATED BirminghamSteelStrings ^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, Banjo liX^ Fiiust Made. Extra Plated. UABK MAR' Warranted not to rust. Send for Catig JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer anii Wholesale Dealer' 811,81:3,815. SHE. 9thSt..N.Y. t^feiiie mention the Reuieut, — If you are ffoing to — BUY A BUZZ - SA\sr, write to the editor of the Keview. He lias a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of BrecksviUe, Ohio, hasacceoted a permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Barnes Saw ^^ •.•••• ••-.■■ -820.00 1 Fdn. Mill ( 6 in Pelham ) Tiink and dip- ping boards '" r 4M. Sectione (ii. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Standard *-9" 1 Daisy Fde. Fastener -^^ 1 Coil Wire .-^ 1 Expansion Bit •••. ••'^ 01 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- ^_ 100 Brood Cases ( New Hoddon ) at ~5 68 Covers at J^ 53 Bottom Boards at ■ J" 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 2 Escape Boards at 2S 30 Escapes at ••■•■ 1^ 7-.i0 New Heddon combs at •"» 210 Wood Screws at ,.••• ^ ....••. .01 .5n Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior) at ^s Hubbard Section Press ' .'25 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well-made and nicely painted, and having been in nse only two or three seasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice, .\nyono wishing Ito buy anything out of this ot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. 292 . THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVimW. i»"-v ;•".••■■•-•' ■.•^;- • ■■•■■•«v■•^l• • •■•■■•^^•^l• • ••■■••V-'^;* •;'"-«v-»';' •••■•■^^^ •*■.;■• I GEORGE T. WHEADOir & CO., I i No. 198 S. Water street. M i CHICAGO, I THE - HONEY - SHIPPERS' - FRIENDS. J GEORGE T. WHEADON & CO. are without a single |g i-ji*- exception the largest dealers in HONEY in the West. i ifis We will handle your HONEY on commission or buy it ^ '^i. outright. ^ir; ?'•:': . J^S.'f- •:;:': When you send your honey to us 3'-ou do not have to wait 1S^ ?!:j;v six months before hearing from it, and then find out that it *;.v i*;! has been stored away in some warehouse out of sight. >i?i; 'M ■ • ^"^ j-:?^; All shipments are moved promptly upon arrival at the ^i, ••p" highest market price, unless otherwise ordered by the ship- V.^^ •;^* pers. ^^i •*■'.*.• .;'.'■•■ ^^ We make LIBERAL advances on large consignments. a?:;^ U WBire TO us befohc you sett. || ^M If you deal with us once you will deal with us again. -rj'r- f^ Send for stencil, shipping tags and directions for ship- ^ Si ping. ~ IB We Make a Specialty of Car-Load Lots. ^ig I PROMPT. Investigate Our Responsibility. RELIABLE. | Oct,, 1896 At Fliqt, Micl^igaq, — Or\e Dollar a Year 294 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVijlW. AOVEt^TISmO f^RTES. All advertisements will be inserted at tlie rate of 15 cents per line. Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : Ou 10 lines and upwards, 3 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times, 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On 30 lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. Clubbing liist. 1 will send the Review with — Gleaninss, ( I.OO) .. American Bee Journal ( l.O(i) . . . Canadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00) . . . American Bee Keeper . . . ( .50) . . Progressive Bee Keeper... ( ..50). . fl.75. 1.75. 1.75, 1.40. 135. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adopted by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its Washington meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— \]1 sections to be well filled ; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all fonr aides; both wood and oombunsoiled by travel-stain, or otlierwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified accnrdingto color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," "No. 1 dark," etc. BUFFALO. N. Y.— A fairly liberal amount of one pound, fancy comb can now be well sold; otiier grades have to be crowded. We quote as follows : Fancy white, 12 to 13; No. 1 white, 11 to 12: Fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. T amber. 8 to 9; Fancy dark, 8 to 9 : white, extracted. 5 to 6 ; amber, 4 to 4J^ ; Dark, 3 to 4; beeswax, 22 to 23 BATTERSON & CO.. Oct. 28. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. NEW YORK. N. Y.— Receipts are large and demand limited. Stocks are accumulating, and in order to move round lots it is necessary to make concessions. Beeswax firm at prices quoted. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 12; No. 1 white, U; Fancy amber, 10; Fancy dark, 9; No. 1 dark, 8; White, extracted, 514; Dark, 4; Beeswax, 26 to 27. HILDRETH BROS. & SEGELKEN, Oct, 28. 120 & 122 West Broadway New York. MINNEAPOLIS, Minn. - Strictly fancy white lio- ey is being sold as low as 13 cents ; choice white, 11; fancy dark, 10; choice dark, 8'/i ; strained honey, (California, 5 ; strained honey. Eastern, 6 ; beeswax 30 cents. J. A. SHEA & CO., 116 First Ave., North, Minneapolis, Minn. Mar. 30. CHICAGO. 111.— The sale of honey honey is sl'iw at present, and We do not have the usual demand. We quote as follows: Fancy whit^, 124 to 13: No. 1 white, 11 ; Fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1 amber, 7; Fancy dark. 8; No 1 dark. 7; white, extracted, 5 to 7 ; amber, 4^ to 5. Bees- wax, 25 to 26. R. A. BURNETT & CO., Oct. 27. 163 So. Water St., rhicago. 111. CHICAGO, Ills.— Honey is slow in coming to this market. What we have received, we have disposed of readily at good prices. We quote a« follows: Fancy white, 15; No. 1 white 14; Fancy amber, 13; No. 1 amber, 12; white, ex- tracted, 7 ; Amber, 5!^ ; beeswax. 25. •LA LAMON. Aug. 31. 43 So. Water St., Chicago, 111 KANSAS CITY, Mo.— We quote as follows: No. white, 13 to 14 ; Fancy amber, 12 to 13 ; No lamber. 11 to 12; Fancy dark, 10 to 11; No 1. dark. 8 to 10 ; white, extracted 6 to 6J^ ; amber, 5 to 51^ ; Dark, 4 to 4i^; beeswax. 22 to 2.".. C. C. CLEMONS CO.. Oct. 28. 521 Walnut St. Kansas Citv Mo, CHICAGO, 111.— We quote an active demand for fancy white comb honey. Price as to stylo package— 13 to 14 ; No 1 white, 12 to 12>4 ; amber. U; dark, 8 to 10. Extracted, white, 6 to 7 ; amber, 5 to 6; dark, 4i^ to 5 ; Beeswax, 26. Lib- eral advance ; on consignments, or will pay 8. T. FISH & CO.. Oct. 26. 189 So. Water St , Chicago, 111. \ Buy No Incubator \ » i Pity^. pay for it ^ before givio" % .— — ^^ it & trizil. J ( K^B^^^SHb The firm that is \ ? e^^^HHHBHHB afraid to let you try t ■ts incubator before \ inying it, has tio t faith in itb machine, € We sell ours OH C 5 TRIAL, ysot zi Cent until tried' and a i 6 ciiUU can mii ir, with 5 minutes .-ittoTition a J I dfly. We won FIRST PRIZE WORUD'S 5 \ FAIRf and wdl win yt)U for a sloaily cuh- i ■ tomer if you will only bup ours on trial. 5 ; Our large v YorH. I 024 A\iss. St , St. Paul, A\inn. B99S Urjscen in honey production, as told by the inuentor in the PEvcific Bee Jourrjzvl of Los Angeles, Calif. Monthly, at .'iO cts a year Colony's condition notpd by an electric pBCord, queens removed without hunting tliem, and honey extracted by suction without the aid of man— it's in the tanks before you or the bees know it. It will takea year to explain tliis meth- od. Samples sent only to those who mention this paper. 10 fi5-tf 4 triid trip for only 25 Cents ! To ;ni.v (iiic nr. ! 'o J.I II I — I'our iiion lis, or 17 mimbeis — for only 2") c^^its. Or. f-.r 4( cms we will set d all Ihi' iintnlieiH Cif.) from July 1 to J:,ii. 1. Kiill Ri'port of the N rih Aini'tii'iin IJei' ( 'onvemiou at Lin(Oiri will iippear in th" Beo J uuiiil BetU'r iicceiit oneof the above offfis. li will Tiiy you. O.ie-cent stamps taken. !Siun|)]e copy free GEO. W. YORK & ( O., 118 Mich. St., Chicago, ill. No. 1 4J4 X 4!4 Snow- white Sections at $200 Per THOUSAND! For the purpose of introducing our one-piece sections to bee keepers generally; we hiive de cided to make the price $2.00 per 1,OJO for this so ison. Now is tlio time to get your sections cheap. We haue a choice lot of section lumb tr gotten out. of young timber, and w(? can furnish you the finest sections to be had. Write for sample section free. MARSHFIELD Mfg. CO., Marshfleld. 'Wis. 12-95-tf Please mention the Reuiew. Tb e (4)ee- \eepeps' JAcVieLu, A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of Hoqey Producers. $1,00 A YEAR. ¥. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL, IX, FLINT, MICHIGAN, OCT. 10. 1896. NO. 10. Work at IVTioliioraii-'s Experimental ^piarv. B. L. TAYLOR, APIAEIST. BEES AND GRAPES. ir S between fruitgrowers and bee - keepers there is no more important quep- tioi) ttian tbis; do bees injure fruit ? There is no ques- tion during any time of summer when the flowers ^ec^ete little or no nectar, that bees suck the juices of broken fruit, but it is contended on the part of a considerable class of horticulturists that the bees actually cut through the outer covering of grapes and some of the small fruits, and thus do great damigetothe fruit growing interests. S rneare very positive on this point, affirm- ing th4t they know they do, having actually witnessed the operation. I feel some sympathy for this class, since, at one time, though familiar with all the arguments against that opinion, I was half inclined to believe that in some way sometimes the bees forced open the skin of grapes. For some years I have been greatly interested in the production of fine grapes and when at times I saw the bees crowding their heads down be- tween the berries of fine compact and appar- ently perfect clusters of Delawares, and afterwards found that many of the berries were sucked dry, and would fall off with a touch, my faith in the inability of the bee to break the skin of the grape suffered a severe wound. I could easily see, in the case of the Lndy grape, and some others, which frequently crack open extensiv< ly from excessive moisture, since the cracks were evident and the cause certainly known, that the bees had no agency in making the openings; but in the case of the Delawares no such ruptures were evident. Continued investigation convinced me that the skins of different varieties of grapes crack in diff'er- eut w.tys, that is, some crack, so to speak, longitudinally, and some crosswise and that they also crack from a somewhat different combination of causes. The^e as I j udge, are three ; moisture from without, moisture from within, and external pressure. Moisture alone, in my experience, seldom cracking, or, rather, I should say causes it only to a small extent. Certain tender skinned varieties, as the Brighton, when the bunches hang in clusters so as to prevent the ready evaportionof moisture caused by frequent rains, suffer some, but, perhaps, rather from decay of the .kin; and, appar- ently, the berries of any variety if they lie on the ground in a wet season or upon any 298 THE BEE-KEEPERS- RliiVil^. other substance that retains moisture, crack more or less. Other kinds, as the Lady, crack to a limited extent on accou*t of moisture from within, that is, from the superabundant flow of sap which takes place during a time of frequent heavy rains. But very much the larger part of cracking is caused by this unusual flow of sap in con- junction with the pressure of "the berries upon each other, that is, in the compact clusters. In some varieties, however, the grapes haveaskm of such toughness or elas- ticity as to successfully resist these joint forces. The Ulster and the Niagara are of this character. I hve never known these to crack, and the greatness of the force which the skin resists is seen in the fact that in these, and other varieties, as they grow here, it is not uncommon to find, before the ripen- ing season begins, berries which have been pulled from the main stem of the cluster by the crowding force of their neighbors. Upon these grapes and others like them, in the characteristic mentioned above, I am satisfied the bees never work, unless the grapes are first broken by birds or otherwise, evidently not the work of bees. On the other hand, the Brighton is an example of a grape with a very tender skin which, nevertheless, never cracks here beyond an insignificant amount, owing to the fact, as I claim, that the clusters are, as a rule, not very compact, and, though it is a grape of the highest quality, with a very tender skin, the bees have no more success in gaining access to its juices than they have to those of the tough skinned Ulster. Of the more than thirty varieties I have in bearing the work of the bees has usually been confined almost entirely to the Delaware and the Lady, but, on account of the wetness of the season, the Duchess and the Salem must be added this year, and these are the ones also to which cracking is almost exclusively confined. In point of compactness these -kinds staud in the following order: Duchess, Lady, Dela- ware and Salem. Most of the clusters of the Duchess on strong vines are exct^ediugiy compact, while those on young vines or those lacking in vigor are quite loose. The Lady has most of its fruit in compact clus- ters which, with its brittle skin, seldom fails to render it almost wortliless here on account of its cracking. A fair share of Delawares are quite compact and from one third to a half of the Salems are only less so. The significant fact here is that the work of the bees was confined to the compact clusters while the loose clusters neither cracked nor were visited by bees. In all tl)ese varieties except the Delaware the cracks, a half inch or more in length, were plainly visible and evidently the work of natural causes. As to the Delaware one might say on a hasty enamination that they do not crack, for the cracks are never in sight so long as the berries remain in the cluster, but an examination with some little care will show that they do crack transversely near the stem end of the berry. The Dia- mond grape is affected in a similar man er when it cracks at all. The line of thought and investigation of which the above is a rough outline convinc- ed me that bees never in j are grapes. Still, the thought that many would not thus be convinced led me to seek some furthur test. Heretofore all manner of experiments have been made to induce, if possible, bees to break the skin of perfect grapes, such as placing clusters in hives, confining bees with grapes, etc . from whicli only negative results were obtained. Entomologists have studied the ma'jdibles of the bee and de- clared that they are so little adapted to the purpose of piercing the skin of a grape that it wtiuld be entirely impossible for a bee to use them with effect in that way. On many minds these arguments had little effect. In July last the rainfall being so great that more than the usual amount of the cracking of urapes might be expected, so I decided to determine if possible whether grapes from which bees were excluded, but still left hanging upon the vines, suffered in any different degree from those to which the bees hail free access. To shi.t out the bees i)aper sacks were used. These were folded closely about the stems after being drawn over the clusters and fastened with common pins. A small slit was cut in the bottom of each sack to permit the escfipe of any water that might gain admittance. Upwards of one thousand sacks were put upon the thirteen varieties herein-after mentioned. Many of these became ripe early in September and now ( Sept. 24th ) all are riv)e except .Jefferson and lona. As already intimated the damage was consider- able, iiecoming evident even before matur- ity. The results will sufficiently appear from the following table. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 299 Amount of Damage. In Bags. Without bags. Agawani none none ]}righton none little Delaware much less Diamond little little Duchess much less Eaton none none Eumelau none none lona no'ie none Jefferson very little very little Lindley none none Niagara none none Salem much less Ulster none none In the case of the three kinds much in- jured it became constantly more evident that the damage to those in the bags was greater than to those to which the bees had access. This was especially true of the Duchess and the Delaware. So evide t was it that the reason of this lay in the fact that the juice oozing from cracked grapes in the bags was commniucated to neighboring grapes causing incipent decay, a weakness of skin and cracking where otherwise cracking would not have occurred, that by the middle of the mouth I hastened to remove the bags from these varieties that the bees might gather the juice from the broken grapes. To my mind the conclusioti is inevitable that not only do bees not injure grapes but that by gathering the juices of cracked ones they prevent decay and thereby the destruc- tion of sound grapes. Lapeeb, Mich. Sept. 24, ISDG. Degeneracy of the Honey Bee. L. A. ASPINWALL. IJTI N examination I\ of the animal and vegetable world as found in Nature will reveal a condition of per- fect health, and a constitution per- fectly adapted to their respective latitudes. Who of us ever saw other than uniformly marked birds in a flock of wild piegons, ducks or geese; or other than healthy ani- mals in the herds of buffalo, and among the deer which have their home in the for- ests. Notwithstanding all life must and does come to an end, still it may be without dis- ease. With advanced age the birds and wild animales become weakened and so fall prey to those which feed upon them. Nat- ural death seldom occurs in the animal world. And in considering this fact we cannot fail to note that man is Divinely favored in this as well as in many other re- spects. The same is true of the vegetable world in that disease manifests itself proportional- ly with culture. The potato rot followed improvement in the size and texture of the tubers. It is a recognized fact in fruit culture, that in proportion as we improve the fruit we weaken the stock. When we note the numerous diseases our domestic animals are subject to, our eyes must be opened to the fact that something is wrong. Let us briefly consider disease and its cause. I do not believe the Al- mighty created disease. Still, certain germs were created which, when the conditions of animal life become changed by reason of improper living or otherwise, tind therein a food supply. It seems to be the order of creation that when degeneracy takes place, the germs are at hand to feed and repro- duce themselves — and this lodgement and feeding constitutes the disease. In perfect health there are no conditions favorable to a lodgement of the numerous bacilli con- tained in our atmosphere, and possibly, much of the food we eat. However, under the circumstances of advanced civilization we occasionally find those in apparent health overtaken by disease — but, we must note that apparent health may exist even with a degenerate constitution : and, that through degeneracy all life becomes suscep- tible to diseape. Let us apply the logical deductions to animal life as found in the honey bee. Although previous to the introduction of the Italian bee in 1860, no improvement of the black or brown bees had been attempted that I know of, still we find them subject to the disease known as foul brood. ( Bacillus Alvei ). If we recall the method of obtaining honey during the dark ages of bee keeping, one cause of degeneration will be apparent. In the autumn the heaviest and lightest 300 THE Bi:k'-S:EEPEBS' ttEVIlL^. colonies were consigned to the brimstone pit — the heaviest, because their stores were in excess of the amount required for winter and spring use — the lightest, because of insufficient winter stores. Ordinarily, colonies possessed of vigorous queens and consequently vigorous workers are such as accumulate the largest amount of honey; and, in those days of hap-hazard bee keep- ing some of the very best, although late, swarms with young queens would fail to gather sufficient winter stores. By the practice of sacrificing the heaviest and lightest colonies the best queens were des- troyed and the inferior left to perpetuate the race, which is in contradistinction to Nature's plan of the survival of the strong- est. Then again the imperfect knowledge of wintering often caused a loss of the best of those which remained. The most popu- lous and vigorous colonies are the ones most liable to smother by reason of an accumulation of dead bees at the entrance. Doubtless there are those who will differ with me as to winter losses in those days, thinking that straw hives were a sufficient guarantee against loss, even in extremely cold winters. My grand father who was a bee keeper of the old school not unfrequent- ly lost most of his bees when wintering in straw hives. So with the practice of des- troying the best, and a similar loss in win- tering, we can see a cause of degeneracy, which, in the course of several geneiatious, must have brought about deterioration of the race. The black bee is extremely sus- ceptable to the disease known as foul brood; and I attribute it largely to degeneracy caused by brimstoning the best colonies, and perpetuating the race by inferior ones. After the introduction of Italian bees, I noticed that they were far less susceptible to foul brood contagion and apparently more vigorous. The Italian bee so far as I know has never been subjected to the fore- going method of deterioration: and, had the black variety been preserved in its purity for ages, might they not have ranked equally valuable ? In modern bee keeping, queen rearing as a cause of degeneracy should not be pass- ed unnoticed. How many have reared queens with small nuclei, insufficient 1o maintain the requisite warmth or furnish sufficient food for the production of strong •and vigorous mothers.? How many have been breeding for color, without a due con- sideration of the one great qualifications- vigor ? Can we forbear giving expression as to the cause of new diseases such as bee paral- ysis, decayed brood etc ? They were iln- kuown, previous to this age of queen rear- ing. I might also call attention to the trans- mission of queens by mail as causing nervous prostration, together with a weak- ened constitution by being chilled, both of which are symptoms in bee paralysis. Jaokson, Mich. Sept. 27, 1896. The Making of Honey. E. A. DAGGITT. H' ;()NEY bees gather from plants a sweet ar- omatic liquid sub- stance called nec- tar which they take to their hives and make into honey. Nectar is a secretion of cer- tain floral orerans known as floral glands or necta- ries and the special tissues of which they are formed are demominated nectiferous tis- sues. The nectar is secreted on the sur- face of these tissues or else into pores called sto7natae. The nectar secreting organs are some- times situated within the blossoms and sometimes without them, just as other floral organs are all in one flower, or are separated on the same plant, or part are on one plant and part on another. Everything in nature has a purpose. The secretion of the nectar within the flowers is for the purpose of se- curing the fertilization and cross fertiliza- tion of flowers, and its secretion without the flowers is probably to attract insects from the delicate organs within them. Another pur- pose of its secretion, and a most important one, is to provide insects with food and by means of the honey bee, man also. Nectar consists of water, and cane sugar except a small part that contains the princi- ples that give it aroma and flavor. It is these principles that give to each kind of nectar a different aroma and flavor, and it 'IBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 301 is probable that there is as much difference iu these two qualities between the different kinds of nectar as there is between the dif- ferent kinds of honey made from them. Nectar is a rejined substance; not a crude one. It is a secretion by tissues formed for the purpose of secreting it, and not a dis- charge from plant cells whose connection with other cells is broken. It is absurd to call such a crude substance as sap oozing from wounds in plants and such offensive sub- stances as the excremeutitious discharges of plant aphides, nectar, for they are not. They contain more sugar than ordinary sap, but this is easily accounted for. When growth is taking place nature sends plenty of rich sap, such sap always contains an extra amount of sugar, the tissue forming material. Wounds in plants are repaired by growth, hence the abundance of rich sap sent to repair them. Owing lo the cells of wounds being broken and connection with other cells being cut off and the cuticle being torn away, the sap oozes out carrying with it the sugar and also raw materials contained in it. Plant aphides attack the younger parts of plants, suck up the rich juices and appro- piate such parts of them as they need and and discharge the balance which is some- times more or less sweet. It is probable that some kinds of these pests do not con- sume the sugar, but discharge it, thereby giving it its sweet- ess. It is plain to be seen that such substances and sap oozing from plant wounds, are in no sense nectar. Sweetness alone cannot make anything nectar. It is only one quality of it. Sometimes the delicate cells of growing leaves allow the sweet sap to pass through them on the surface of the leaves and we have the real honey dew, the true mielUe. It is probably caused by au abnormal state of the plants producing it, or to certain conditions of soil or weather. Although it may not be crude as sap oozing from plant wounds, it can hardiy be called nectar. It is doubtless an exudation rather than a secre- tion. When nectar is first gathered by the bees it usually contains an excess of moisture that has to be removed before it can become honey. The heat within the hives, often intense in warm weather — causes the moist- ure to evaporate and the warm air of the hives to absorb it. This process is acceler- ated and continued by the bees circulating this warm air by rapidly vibrating their wings, called fanning, and by the same means forcing a current or the moist- ure laden air out of the hives. New air ruches in to supply its place which goes through the same course of being warmed, circulated throughout the hives, and becom- ing moisture laden, and finally forced out of the hive entrances. While this change is taking place other changes which are of a chemical nature are also taking place. In other words the nec- tar is changing to honey. The chemical changes sometimes commence in nectar before the bees gather it, but usually while it is in the honey sacs of the bees while they are gathering their load of it and while they are taking it to to their homes. After a time the cells filled with the more or less ripened nectar or honey as we may call it, are capped over, but it continues to change and this it does for some length of time after- ward. In fact, honey seems to be better the year after the nectar is gathered, than during the year the nectar is gathered. Like wine it seems to improve with age. Investigation has led Mr. G. M. Doolittle, a leading authority on bee-culture in our country, to the conclusion that bees evapo- rate the excess of moisture from the nectar by taking the nectar into their honey sacs and forcing it out on their probocides and drawing it back again into their honey sacs and so on. At night during a good flow of nectar by means of a lighted lamp he has seen a tiny drop of nectar appear on the probocis of eachbee engaged in the opera- tion and disappear as it is drawn into the honey sac. Dividing the nectar into such small parts must greatly hasten the evapo- ration of the surplus moisture from it, but I think there is another purpose, and an im- portant one, in this operation besides the evaporation of moisture, this is the addition to the nectar of sufficient secretions of the glands of the bees and the thorough admix- ture of the secretions with it. The secretions of the bees no doubt per- form an important function in honey mak- ing. I doubt if honey could be made without them. Their antiseptic character probably hinders decomposition of nectar. Acid fermentation would be likely to set in if they were absent. They give a common flavor to honey which is important. It is possible that they change the flavoring principles of nectar, making thereby the ao2 THE BEE KEEPERS' kEVlEW. honey more pfilatftttle and rich. The changes that these principles undergo are decided. The flat though aromatic nectar in time be- comes the rich delicious honey. Honey gets all or nearly all of its distinc- tive value and character from the flavor, and its flavor is derived except the small part given it by the secretions and the sug- ar contained in it, from the flavoring prin- ciples contained in the nectar; each kind gets its distinctive flavor from tlie flowers, from the same source. Some have supposed that honey gets its flavor from the secretions of the bees. If this is true what becomes of the wide difterence in flavor between the diflierent kinds of nectar ? If the bees pos- sessed the power of giving the different flavors to honey, it would certainly be a most wonderful one when we consider the wide difference in flavor between the mild white clover honey and the rank pungent buckwheat. But little honey would be eaten if it were not for its flavor, for the same amount of nutriment could be more cheaply secured by buying sugar. Flavor possesses an important function in the economy of nature, so im- portant do we consider it that we add it to our food when needed. By its action on the mind it stimulates the appetite, probably encourages digestion and it is possible that it aids in the nutrition of the tissues. How much less would the good things that we eat be worth if they were deprived of flavor. Honey is a rich nutrititious food and is dif- ficult of digestion. (?) It should be eaten in moderate quantities at a time or the stom- ach may sicken and the taste for it will be lost. It gets its direct nutriment from the sugar it contains; sugar is a carbo-hydrate, one of those substances that give heat and force to the system, hence the value of hon- ey in cold weather. Honey bees do not gather honey and store it in their combs, but they gather nectar and make it into honey. They do not digest the nectar, for digestion is a process under control of life for preparing the principles of food for the nutrition of animal tissues. When making honey the bees are merely preparing food. They not only manipulate the honey and add their secretions to it, but they generate more or less of the heat necessary for making honey. They possess a wonder- ful faculty of generating heat. The bees are in a true sense manufacturers. It has been suppossed that nectar changes to hon- ey while in the honey sacs of the bees and while being gathered and brought to the hives. This is a mistake as any one can verify by tasting of the fresh gathered nectar and sometime afterward tasting of the honey from the same kind of nectar. The change from nectar to honey requires a longer time than this and i^ a more or less complex one, the nectar changing from a neutral to an acid base, the cane sugar to glucose (notthe commercial), and the flavor undergoing groat change. Real honey is produced by bees from nectar, and nectar is only a secretion of cer- tain floral organs of plants. Bees will not gather anything else if they can get nectar unless their sense is perverted by robbing, for it is their natural food. This shows how they appreciate flavor. I often wonder if sugar syrup fed to bees is not given flavor by their adding honey to it. Such substances as fruit juice, sap from plant wounds and aphide discharges cannot make honey. I doubt if the product of bees from real hon- ey dew is entitled to the term honey. I am led to this conclusion by the fact that it is generally of a poor character. It should be kept as much as possible from floral honey. It can be used to feed bees or it could be made into vinegar. Several years ago more or less excitement was created in the apicultural world by the publication of a theory that sugar syrup fed slowly to bees and at some distance from their hivas would become real honey. This theory is erroneous and is based on two errors. One is that any sweet thing that bees gather becomes honey while in the honey sacs of the bees, and the other is that honey gets its flavor from the bee secretions. Although sagar syrup is a refined substance and sugar is one of the principles of nectar, it lacks the flavoring lirinciples of nectar, the very principle that give to honey nearly all of its distinctive value and character. The syrup would still be only sugar syrup with the flavor of the bee secretions and the cane sugar changed to glucose, a simple change that takes place after a time in cane sugar when added to fruit. The same change in the sugar of nectar is doubtless only an in- cidental one. Oleomargarine if made of healthful ma- erials, which I presume it is, is more or less nutritious and better than poor butter, still I cannot separate in my mind the idea of fraud from its manufacture for the rea- ■fHE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 303 son that it is made as an imitation of butter, being given the color of butter and also the flavor of the same as near as may be ; the manufacturer well knowing that their i)ro- duct is likely to be palmed off by designing persons on the unsuspecting as real butter. If it is a good thing why is it made an im- tation of something else ? Why is it not given a color and taste of its own!* If it were its manufacture would do doubt soon cease. It would be just the same with the so called sugar honey. It would posess the advantage over oleomargarine of there be- ing no question as to its healthfulness and value as food. Then why make it an im itatiou of honey by feeding tlie syrup to bees? Why not give it a flavor of its own by add- ing lemon, vanilla or some other flavor and sell it as a syrup and not as a kind of honey which it would not be. To my mind there is a big question of integrity involved in its production and men in the advocacy of the tlieory on which it is based. Only harm would come from its production. White House Sta., N. J. Sept. 2S. IS'JG. Mr. McKnight's Reply to Mr. Holterman. E. m'kNIGHT. mHERE are two T things in Mr. Holterman's reply that he says I know, which I do not know. He says I know he "had just two votes to his opponents one" — I do not know that such is the fact. Recent- ly it is somewhat difficult to tell whether the man declared elected has a majority at all. For instance at the election of officers on a recent occa- ■ sion the Scrutineers declared certain officers elected without announcing the vote, and no one but themselves knew the state of the poll or whether the declaration was just or unjust. It was the first occassion in my exi>erience I had known a scrutineer to de- clare anyone elected. My idea of a scruti- neer's duty is to count the ballot and declare the result. No I do not know that Mr. Hol- terman had two votes to his opponent's one. Nor did I know that he had an " opponent " in the contest. If there was opposition Mr. Holterman himself was the opponent. It has been the custom hitherto to elect the Vice-President to the President's chair when the President retires— Mr. Darling had a right therefore to expect to be elected, but an opponent turned up, and the time hon- ored custom was broken in upoi^ Secondly, Mr. Holterman says I know his " mother has been a more successful bee- keeper and obtained more honey per colony than I, " I am not aware that such is ^he case. I know nothing of the lady's bee- keeping history — nor do I know her person- ally. The gentleman pathetic allusion to men and mothers is rather amusing, coming from the source it does. All lady bee keepers who enroll their names become honorary members of the ( )ntario Bee-Keepers' Association but never until the last annual meeting did any such vote for the election of officers, when Mr. Holterman " bustled around " to have this effected — this I know of my own personal knowledge, as do others. His soft im- peachment that I am neither a "gentleman" nor a " man " sits upon me lightly ; because I am persuaded he is but an indifferent authority on the characteristics of either. In the last number of the Review Mr. Clarke announces the fact that he has pass- ed the " allotted span, " I too am getting old and have neither the time nor the inclina- tion to take fuKther notice of what this "disturber of peace " may say of me. He has been instrumental in creating more discord in our rauk than all others combin- ed—mainly from selfish ambitious motives on his part. In the prosecution of these he quarrelled with most of the active mem- bers of the Association. He quarrelled with Mr. Jones. Cornell, Pringle, Hall, Clarke and Darling and he made sundry efforts not to quarrel with me, and yet he poses as ths most disinterested well-wisher of society. Owen Sound, Canada, Sept. 28, 1696. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. TnoMPSON, T EIPZIGER Bienenzeitung.— No doubt rt the knowing ones have observed, as Pastor Fleischmann has done, in the second 304 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW paralysis theory given last month, a failure to explain why one colony should have it and another not when sitting beside one another. It is just possible that the indi- viduality of colonies may be more marked than we suppose. Two years ago at a ses- sion of the Colorado convention a member reported that two colonies on scales in the same locality repeatedly failed to agree with each other in indicating the progress of the daily How. Another member said he had had the same experience. For exam- ple, A might show a gain of 12 lbs. and B of 7 lbs. on one day, while on the next day A would gain 7 lbs. and B 12. The explana- tion given at that time was that, each colony may have had favorite spots for forage, to which it resorted day after day. This to- gether with the differences of flow from such spots, arising from differences of soil, time of cutting, previous irrigation, etc., would explain the difference of results. In like manner the yield of pollen and the dewfall in spring may vary in different parts of the same locality. Moreover, several colonies which were weak last spring when the dwindling commenced, were the strongest when it was over, apparently in- dicating that they were healthier because they did not get so much fresh forage. Pastor Schoenfeld says not more than 2 lbs. of feed composed of sugar should be given at one time. He proves that the true stomach of the bee performs only the last process of digestion, thus corresponding to the chyle intestines of higher animals, and infers that none but predigested food can enter it without harm to the bee. This pre- vious digestion is or should be accomplished by the glands of the head and the honey- stomach before the honey or syrup is sealed. A queen would have to lay not quite three eggs a minnute, day and night, in order to lay 3900 eggs a day as stated by Dr. Dubini and Chas. Dadant. This impresses Pastor Fleischmann as being very exhausting work, who bases his ideas of the endurance of a queen on the rate at which queens are usually observed to lay, which, he says, is not like that of an English race-horse, but leisurely. According to Dadant's Langs- troth, however, queens have repeatedly betn observed to lay at the rate of six eggs a minnute. A. Lading recommends brushing sheets of foundation with honey when the bees are not inclinded to work on them at once. MuENOHEK BiENENZEiTUNG.— Parchment paper, of the cheap yellow sort, has been found by N. Ludwig to be the best material for tieiug over the mouths of fruit-cans etc. when used as feeders by inverting over the bees. The paper should be previously moistened so as to fit tightly. The flow admits of being regulated by punching holes of various sizes, according to the density of the liquid. It is better to make a number of small holes than a few large ones. In certain districts of Hungary agates are soaked for several weeks in honey and water. The honey absorbed is then car- bonized by sulphuric acid, causing hand- some streaks of black and brown to appear. L'Apiculteuk.— From careful observa- tions of a thermometer placed in a hive in winter, Abb'e Voirnot concludes that the cluster always increases in warmth, the colder the outside temperature is. In get- ting the temperature of the cluster, its cen- ter should be found by moving the thermom- eter up and down and takiug its highest temperature. A colony in an observatory hive changed its position on receiving a shock, but a string of bees which had been unable to keep up with the cluster perished with cold. In contracting swarms to five frames for the purpose of getting combs built to the bottom, Abb'e Pincot has for the last two years dispensed with the division-hoard. ( He does not say how he got along without using a dummy. ) A few hours after the swarm is hived he drives the bees with smoke to the side where the frames are, and outside of them places a frame with a full sheet of foundation. This has t!;e effect of a division-board. He asserts that every case of fighting . may be checked by giving the bees such a violent smoking that they are obliged to go outside. They quickly return, but by that time the scent of all isalike, from the smoke. "Bee-lover" states that a pulled queen will not be accepted if the bees already have queen cells. There seems to be some uncertainty as to what the " cedro " ( citrus medica ) really is, which Dr. Metelli recommended for hiv- ing swarms. "Bee lover" calls it the lemon-tree, but Alois Alsonsus. in the Bienen-Vater, says it is to be distinguished from the lemon-tree. Will some botainst tell us what a cirus meclsca is ? J HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 805 For queeu-reariug nuclei, M. Devauchelle uses a hive coutaiuiug VI ordinary frames and three partitions. The partitions them- selves are also combs, made from sheets of foundation having wire cloth in the center, thus preventing the bees from making passage-ways. Saw- kerfs and tin slides around the outside of the partition frames prevent the bees from going around them. With an entrance on each side, the liive accordingly contains 4 nuclei, two having a capacity of 4 frames each, and two of ;{}.j frames. When desired, four nuclei can thus be readily wintered together, with economy of warmth. lie also uses such partitions in his twin hives. Almost always, if not always, the bees of the two colonies form a single group and a single brood- nest, as far as position and warmth are con- cerned. To unite such culonies or nuclei, the tin slides are withdrawn. J. Chaillou -Jr. combines the Porter es- cape with the goiug-to-the-light principal, by placing the escape in the edge of the board so that the bees emerge on the out- side of the hive above the entrance. He says the supers are cleared ten times quick- er in this way. The board he uses is also a queen-excluder, and is a permanent feature of the hive. A tin slide above the excluding portion when the escape is in use, and a tin slide over the place for the escape when the excluding part is in use, may both be in- serted through the edge of the board while in position, without any lifting and repla- cing of heavy supers. No more escapes to the apiary are necessary than by the ordin- ary plan. When the escape is not in place, an additional entrance into the super may be provided for through the hole for the es- eape. He uses a piece of excluding zinc about 8 inches square in the center of the board It is claimed that an extractor which wcrks by friction instead of cog-wheels is less liable to injure the combs. The sale of honey in small flasks for in- dividual portions, to be used in restaurants, is increasing. These hold a little over an ounce, and are sold for 15 centimes, or about 3 cents. L'Apicoltore. — Dr, Dubini, like Mr. Mc- Arthur, has not seen a bee on a neighboring plot of alfalfa for ten years. He cites a certain Rot as saying that bees never hang suspended from the legs of a queen, so that she is always to be found either at the surface or at the apex of the cluster. Hence a swarm-catcher held so as to comprehend the cluster should always include the «iu«en. "At" the surface, however, can hardly be exact, for otherwise tlie queen would be more frequently seen before hiving the swarm. \'on Rauschenfels waits two days after the queen is removed before cutting spaces along the edges of combs, where eggs may happen to be, in order to get queen-cells built there. Several hours may elapse be- fore the bees become aware of the absence o*" the queen, during which they may only repair damages; and it may happen that those eggs were laid by the queen just be- fore her removal. " As is known " he says '* bees never build queen-cells over eggs. " Instead of grafting cells, he recommends transferring the whole frame on which the cell is found, together with the adhering bees. The few old bees on it soon make themselves scarce on finding themselves in new quarters. Speaking of introducing pulled queens to queenless colonies, he says "If of ten young queens you can succeed in getting one ac- cepted, it would be mere chance. Denvek, Colo. Aug. ?,, 288G. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLiY. W. z. HUTCHINSON, Editor and ProDiletor. J'ERMS :— $1.00 a year in advance. Two copies $1.90 : three for $2.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ten or more, 70 cents each. If it is desired to liave the Revi hw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued. FLINT, MICHIGAN. OCT. 10. 1896. Cross Bees in the apiary usually come from a very few colonies, so says Dr. Miller in the American Bee Journal. He thinks about one colony in twenty may furnish the cross bees, and he advises us to take the pains to discover these colonies and requeen them with queens from a more peacable strain. Ho says, too, that the change in dis- position will come in a few days, that we won't have to wait until the new queen's progeny hatches. Is it the step-mother's making the children stand round ? 306 THE BEE-KEEPEttS' REVIilW. Geo. T. Wheadon is demoralizing the Chi- cago honey market, so writes Bro. York, yet the poor fellows who send in the honey, get not one cent for it ! »^i«rf»rf*ii^u« Baknet Taylor, with grey hairs and the enthusiasm of youth resting on his brow, has passed away. Three of the Review's best correspondents have now, within a comparatively short time, joined the silent majority— Mr. Cornell, Mr. Pringle and Mr. Taylor. The latter had been sick several months, but was, apparently, on the road to recovery, when there came a change for the worse, and he soon was gone. Before leaving he had the satisfaction of knowing that he had secured a fine crop of honey — the finest that he had ever produced. His son, Jewell, who is to continue the business, has sent me a sample case, and it is very fine. Getting Sections Finished, that is, all of them, at the end of the harvest, is a job that requires skill. A correspondent, " Little Bee," iu the Progressive says he secures this by putting a shallow frame, that is, an ex- tracting comb, at each side of the super, and if anything is unfinished it will be these shallow combs. I think that I should pre- fer to use wide frames for holding the sec- 'tions, and then "jump" them. That is, put the outside frames over in the center after +lie center combs are completed. I see by the Canadian Bee Journal that Mr. McEvoy pursues a plan similar to that ad- vocated by " Little Bee," only I take it that Mr. McEvoy uses wide frames two tiers of sections high. Me. F. Dandzenbakee was one of my principal competitors at our Michigan State Fair this year, in fact, he carried off the first prize for the best comb comb hon- ey in the most marketable shape. He cer- tainly had the finest honey I have seen this year and I have exhibited honey at five State Pairs. His honey was raised in Aug- ust in this State, mostly from that famous willow herb that springs up in the northern portions of the State after forest fires have run over the ground. Mr. Danzenbaker secured his honey in his new hive ; and by the way, his hive received a special diploma at this same Michigan State fair, where he was kept busy much of the time in exjtlain- ing its advantageous features to a crowd of inquiring bee keepers. ivy's illness. Most of the readers of the Review know of the terribly hard time we had last winter with our daughter Ivy who was not in her right mind much of the time. During the summer she was greatly improved and we had hopes that the worst was over, but I had not been absent to the fairs a week before she had another attack. I was, of course, at once notified, and about the hardest trial of my life was 7io(to go home. Mrs. Hutch- inson was not able to care for her, but there were doctors, watchers and a trained nurse, and my wife wrote that Ivy was prob- ably having just as good care as though I were at home, and it seemed as though I must stay to earn the money wherewith to meet these heavy expenses. So I stayed on and on and went from fair to fair, getting letters almost daily, always holding myself in readiness to start for home should a tele- gram say that I ^Hu.sicome. The physicians finally decided that they could do no more, and advised that she be sent away for treatment, as the only hope for her recovery. When I came home Ivy had been away a week at a private retreat near Detroit ( Dearborn). In a few days wife and I went down to see her. She had improved very much in the short time that she had been away. She knew us. talked with us, and begged to come home with us. She did not sleep much the next night. It is doubt- ful if it will be best for us to visit her very often. The superintendent writes that she does not worry about home now, that she is quiet, that it would be a sign of improve- ment if she did show signs of homesickness. The physician sees no reason why she can- not recover — her age is greatly in her favor. She is the youngest patient that they have. It seems hard to send a child away in this way, but I can see that it is better for her and for us, too, and I only wish that we could have seen it in this light sooner. She certainly has the best of care, is kept clean, well cared for, well-fed, and treated kindly and every effort made to restore her to health. If any of my readers have friends that are needing treatment in this way, I beg of them not to let any pre-conceived notions or prejudices stand in the way of taking their unfortunate friends where they will have the best chance that there is to re- cover their mental health. At these insti- tutions are men who have made mental dis- eases a life-study, and if any one can help THE BEE-KEEPtJRS' REVIEW. 307 a persou suffering from these causes, tliese are the men who can do it. Going away to the fairs would have made this Review some late, but if Ivy had not been sick it would not have been so very late ; as is was there were so many loose ends to be gathered up after I got home, and I was none too bright and smart my- self, hence the delay in getting out this issue. I hope now that we shall soon be able to catch up again. 1t»»L»k^1i^»«Xt» SWINDLERS. Twice, now, the Review has been led in- to accepting the advertisements, of unrelia- ble firms. That is putting it too mild, as in the last case, that of Geo. T. Wheadon & Co., it is a case of deliberate robbery. Gleanings has been wary and kept its foot out of the trap. The American Bee .Journal and the Review were both caught by Horrie it Co., but only the Review was foolish enough to be caughtr by the Wheadon gang. I don't know as they tried to get Bro. York to ad- vertise for them, but if they didn't, it was because they knew that he was on the spot and would " spot " them too quick. In both instances the Review took all ordinary pre- cautions, but men who go to work to swin- dle the readers of a paper, see to it that the editors a^e well- used and well-paid and that promptly, too. It is to their advantage to do so. Of course, the Review doesn't lose money by accepting these advertisements, but it loses what is eventually money — the con- fidence of its readers. I am well-aware that the readers of the Review well-know that the Review would not knowingly accept the advertisement of a swindler, all the same, its endorsement of a new firm would not, I fear, now have enough weight to help that firm very much. There has been much said in the Journals about patronizing only the old, established firms, but, somehow, I have felt that a new firm deserving of con- fidence ought to be encouraged, which may be true, but the trouble is that some of the late new firms have been composed of old rascals. There seems to be a gang of swin-' dlers that blossom out in a new place when- ever the old location becomes too hot for them. While on my way home from the fairs I stopped off in Chicago one day, and half of that time was passed in the office and ware- house of Geo. T. Wheadon & Co. They occu- pied one-half of a store, and some other coinmi^siou man the other half. ^VheadotJ was not there He would be there later. If I would come in between four aud six o'clock I would surely catch him. I stayed all of the afternoon until the shades of night fell and the store was closed, but no Wheadon appeared, although some of his victims did. Nothing could be done as Wheadon wasn't in. Neither was there any produce " in. " Two 12-lb. cases of honey was all tnere was on hand. Two crates of ducks were there when I came in, but they soon went out. A two-horse dray with " (leo. T. Wheadon & Co., " painted on its side came in several times loaded with barrels of apples. The driver said he was unloading a car for W^headon. but the apples were taken in next door to Wheadon's It is my opinion th it they were sold to the neighbor before they were even unloaded. I had quite a talk with Wheadon's man ( and he was an ill- looking imp, too, I can tell you ) and he said that he knew very little about Wheadon's business. He was em- ployed to receive whatever came in and sell it and turn the money over to Wheadon. At the end of the week he received ceived his salary, and that was all he knew about it. I am well satisfied that he knew^ etcaci/ J/ what was going on. Two or three times during the afternoon a tall, well dressed, light complexioned, good looking fellow came in and there were private con- versations between the two, accompained by many smirks, aud winks, and sardonic grins, and finally I asked one of the men who worked for the other firm who that man was and was told that it was McConkey. He is the man that was in partnership with C. H. Horrie. I had a long talk with one of the rnen who worked for the other firm, and he told me that Wheadon A Co. began busi- ness there last February, and for several months did an ai)parently honest business. They kept a half a dozen girls busy all of the time sending out circulars. Having in this way established confidence they began holding on to all of the money that they could get, paying no bills unless compelled to do so, and finally paying nothiny, simply keeping a man there to receive any produce that came in aud sell it at once aud turn over the money. If irrate shippers came in none of the principals could be found. While I was there a constable came there to arrest Wheadon. I know this because he 308 THE Bj_'E-KEEPERS' REVIEW. called me one side and asked me if I knew Wheadon, and finally he told me what he wanted and showed me the warrant. I see by the last American Bee Journal that Wheadon has finally been arrested, and I only hope that he will get his just deserts. You see, when it gets too hot for these fellows they keep out of sight, bnt keep a man there to receive and sell what produce comes in. An honest ( ? ) thief is a respect- able person compared to these human vam- pires that induce hard working men and women to send in their products, represen- ting, perhape, the toil of a whole season, and then cheat them out of it. I have taken all this space that my readers may know something of these human spiders and their dens, and when sending away their honey let them beware that it does not get into one of these dens. Never send honey to any dealer unless you know that he is reliable. There are such dealers, and we can learn which they are if we will take pains enough. Remember, friends, that these same men are likely to turn up again, if not in Chicago, then in some other city, and they will play the same game, but I beg of you, do>i'i send your honey to new, un- known firms, even if they do give what seem like the very best of references. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. J WAS somewhat interested in Gerstung's new theory of a colony of bees as an organism. Review 278. It is exceedingly " high and mighty " — and mainly true as well — but the rules so far deduced from it seem to be needless and vexatious, with no particular profit in tham. Gerstung seems to be afraid that the different items of his organism will not know enough to get back into place again when mixed up once by a good smoking. If he would notice how hard the bees which belong in a super struggle to stay there, when one is taking out everything above and shutting the bees below, it would ease his mind somewhat. Dr. Howard in the opening article of the American Bee Journal for Sept. 10, illus- trates and describes a bee disease often mis- taken for foul brood. He calls the disease, "pickled brood," because the dead larvae are too acid to putrefy. One of the molds, Aspergillus pollini, is thought to be the cause. The germs of this mold or fungus reach the brood mostly by way of the pol- len, from which the nurse bees compound the food which is given to the older larvae. Naturally old pollen stored in the hive is very much worse infected than pollen fresh from the fields. And cellar wintering is supposed to be specially unfavorable by encouraging the development of the asper- gillus in the stored pollen and its spread along the surfaces of the combs. The stringiness of foul brood when pulled at with a pin, the disagreeable glue like odor, the ragged holes in the middle of the cap- pings, and the disposition to dry down and stick to the cells, all are absent in pickled brood. A few obvious precautions about old moldy combs, and a little intelligent care seem likely to prove sufficient preven- tives ; and the care of a bad case is to be sought by enforcing suitable fast, by a clean hive, by sheets of foundation, and by new pollen direct from the fields. Thanks to the doctor for getting things inte intelli- gible shape so promply. • How awfully easy the brethren believe things which they want to believe ! I'm talking now about the oft repeated non- sense that bees are incapable of cutting through the skins of graps. The boys will be mad at me for my repeated scoldings on this point, but I'm going to scold all the same. We had proof enough on the point before, had we only been willing to use it ; but friend G. W. Demaree, in the Canadian, page 88;) does a timely thing by presenting knock-down evidence. A sound grape was used to stop a hole which bees were freshly nibbling in their enameled quilt, and they cut into the grape very quickly. Next a wild plum was put on as a tougher job for them, and they cut that through also. A harvest apple was also cut into in the same way. The Pacific Bee Journal suddenly took a notion to bloom. The last number is a thing of beauty, with a multitude of half tone pictures little and big. Friend Bennett seems not ashamed of his " day of small things ; " and not being able to show us his four story brick factory and ^20,000 resi- dence he just in quiet simi^Iicity shows us such as he has. I was specially touched with the picture of his little daughter in her play yard. The yard is very narrow. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 309 although long, and she shares it with many colonies of bees. \\'ith the lapse of time the F. B. J. grows thicker ; still another romance opens out its mendacious folds within it ; and the silver question also ( leave the reader to decide whether that is mendacious or not) is given plentiful space for both gold and silver bug. I'm " afeer- ed " that apicultural romancing is going to be one of the dangers of the near future — that the coming bee journal, with three or four interesting stories running, won't care whether it has any significant contents or not. I felt somewhat surprised, and perhaps a little humiliated, in reading the answers to query 30 in A. B. J. (>;M. Somebody inno- cently asks the average weight of a prime swarm. And the result — did you ever ? Out of nineteen respondents five rei)ly ofif hand that they never weighed a swarm, and six more might about as well have confess- ed also — leaving only eight out of nineteen bee senators with personal knowledge on a matter which is very easy and open, and also very fundamentol in its nature. I feel in doubt as to what "turpitude of art" would titly salt and pepper the spank which should bo administered to these delinqueiit?. Imagine nineteen married men together — old married me ■ with large families — and some one asks, What is the usual weight of a baby ? How would it look for more than half of them to be unable to tell ? To be sure a man might raise a family very wisely and well without ever weighing a baby ; but such a prf-vailing ignorauceof baby's avoir- dupois would give the impression that there was a pitiful lack of that zest and enthusi- asm with which life should get on, Some- body start a class of beginners in bee cul- ture warranted williug, and more than will- ing, to find out everything about bees that can be got at. W. K. Morrison, in Gleanings .'')27, says that in the tropics his bees used to tiy around moonlight nights : but he never got any proof that they gathered anything at night. Thanks for competent testimony on an otherwise suspicious matter. Occasion- al bees Hy nights here. Such a bee comes dashing into the open window of a lighted room, goes for the lamp like a may-bug, and behaves in general as if just out of a lunatic asylum. I think that as a matter of fact these are half crazed bees that will not live many hours, and that they leave the hive with no intention of ever going back. Perhaps Mr. M. might as well tell us whether the nocturnal flying which he witnessed might not l)e an exaggerated degree of this kind of flying. George L. V'inal, Gleanings 5:50, claims to have proved by actual measurements that late reared (jueens are larger than early ones. He decides them to bo better also. Lays it to their having plenty of time to develop, and several mouths of rest before being driven to tho utmost. Important if true. Doolittle on page r>?A] of Gleanings takes up the subject of bee-paralysis. He argues against so much precaution in some respects. I fear he is doing harm, just as many well meaning folks do harm who do not believe in so much care about scirlet fever and dipth?ria. Mr. Doolittle is usually an able reasouer ; but here he seems not to understand the weakness of negative evidence, A dozen T>ersons may enter a house where a case of small pox is sheltered and all fail to take the disease. The failure proves nothing— except that the disease required favorable conditions to take and develop — nothing against the infectious character of the disease. The fact seems to be that many times the queen of a diseased colony is herself free from the disease, and can usually be taken to a healthy colony and carry no infection with her : but a fatal few sometimes — es occur when the disease goes along, as scarlet fever goes with a careless nurse. Perhaps the most helpful saying in the article is that hundreds have tried changing qui-ens ( once suppossed a sure cure) only to find that it has no effect whatever. Still I imagine that an exhaustive search would discover some cases in which the (lucen was more affected than the hive, and in which decided improve- ment would follow her removal. Ernest tries the Doolittle method of clip- ping queens with a pen knife and finds it perfection. Dr. Miller tries it and makes a grand bungle. " Many | bee keeper 1 birds of many kind?-. " See Gleanings '-h^H and In an editorial in Gleanings ."A'^ drawn combs are strongly preferred to a super with nothing in it but sheets of foundation. Takes too much pressure to get a colony be- gun at the latter, and the pressure results in swarming. A foundation whicii will prac- tically amount to comb, or pretty nearly that, will soon be here the editor hopes. I 310 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW would remark those who run for extracted honey year after year already have the nat- ural comb needed ; and properly arranged bait sections, and the right strain of hybrid bees, prevent to a great exletit this halting until pushed when running for comb hon- ey. All the same we can afford to have a more complete remedy. E. Tipper, the editor of the Australian Bee Bulletin, says alfalfa honey is always thin, and seems incapable of being made thick. Gleanings 570. At a chemical works in Pennsylvania they find that whenever they make banana oil their bees get infuriated and go on a ram- page with no other cause than the smell. Valerianate annyl and valerianic acid have the same effect in less degree. Contribu- ted by Robert W. Riddle in Gleanings .570. Couldn't we make the opposite political crowd oil their hair with some of these things, and then march'em by an apiary ? Cleveland Brothers of Stamper Miss, re- port two swarms coming out without any queen at all. One had been queenless two days and the other almost an hour. Glean- ings 561. I had a case this year where a swarm without a queen hung a long time on a tree. I had caught and killed the queen at her door. When the cluster finally broke up they went, not back to the hive, but to their dead queen ou the ground where I had thrown her — conclusive proof that they hadn't any other queen. I see two cases of queenless swarms hanging all night are given in A. B. -J. 1)51. Don't put a queen under a tumbler unless you want her to bump herself to death right speedily — nor in direct, hot sunshine under any sort of restraint. Gleanings .572. In the same article as the above Doolittle expresses preference for removing a queen nine days before the new one is to be intro- duced, and cutting out the cells immediate- ly before introduction. Introduction to be by the gnawing away of a candy plug. Exit the Langdon non-swarmer. Matter devoted to it is taken out of Root's A. B. C. Gleanings .578. I'wo bee martins, directly after a repast on bees, were killed ^.and examined. One had swallowed twelve without a sting ; the other had swallowed fifteen, and two of them had left their ftings sticking in his throat. Buugler, he was — but, sad to relate, we don.t here of such bunglers being found dead, or even being found seen with l)adly swelled neck and cheeks. Nearly immune to bee to bee poison probably. E. L. Rogers, Gleanings (JOl!. The editor of the American Bee Journal wants to lay down a law that beginners must keep bees five years before patenting a hive. Sensible enough ; but my, what a hard law to enforce ! Might as well lay it down that little Loys must abstain five years from wading in mud puddles. A. B. .J. .51)0. W. A. H. Gilstrap threatens us with 20 to 40 carloads of California honey this year of suppossed failure, jnst to remember 'em by till California gets a crop once more. A. B. J. cm. Doolittle has one of his specially meaty articles on page .530 A. B. J. Queen rear- ing is the subject. He is sure bees eat up superfluous eggs — has often seen them do- ing so. Long observation on his part fails to discern any difference of a very young queen and those reared from the same mother two years later. Normally workers begin work out doors at the age of IG days ; but when there is great need of out door service they will begin at 3 or -1 days old. Time gained in getting queens quickly is is lost again in waiting for them to become ferlile. Thirteen days of queenlessness must pass ere the very best queens are to be expected to emerge. Teu day queeus are common, but slow in getting to laying. Nine day queens are decidedly slower. Eight and a half day queens mostly never get to laying at all, look almost like work- ers ; and all die inside of three months. For even a ten day queen, larv.e tliree days old have to be taken to start with ; and the scanty diet of those previous three days tells somewhat ; and every half day additional tells still more heavily until a point is soon reached where the queens are worthless. But between thirteen day queens and tw(4ve day (|ueens I suppose the average dift'erence is very small indeed. He once had a queen mated the next day after she left the cell, and laying at three days old. This three days age was nominal rather than real however. Having been held in her cell several days, slie was practically a week old or more. Sliall we stimulate bees to raise brood later in the fall then they otherwise would, or shall we not ? Nineteen respondents get at this rather importont question in A. B. J. .554. Some of tliem are a little diiflcult to classify, but the response is about (5 yes to The BEE-kEEPERS' REVIEW, 311 1(! no. Some poiuts iu the case are liable to be overlooked. Bees that have used up their vitality in untimely brood rearing are of little value to the colony on Dec. 1st. Had the colony been let alone those partic- ular bees would have been worth much more. Also young bees that have never llowu are supposed to be rather doubtful winter prop- erty for the colony. What is reasonably supposed to be sweet corn honey is described by Mrs. E. J. Liv- ingston A. B. .T. ;").')(). It is almost a pink in color, free from acerbity, and with a slight maple like flavor. A case is given in A. B. J. .'iKJ where a man had two offers for his honey ( about a ton of sections ) one of 10 cents at home, to be taken right from the hives without cull- ing or scraping, the other of 17 cents in Chicago, with all the risks incidents and parings down. He accepted the latter. What do you suppose it panned out? After three months of time, and some worry and threats, the parings ! being all duly pared off, the honey was 8 cents a pound. Mrs. Sallie Sherman liad a case where a caged queen was nicely cared for several days by just placing the cage at the en- trance of a hive. The hive was not queenless either. A. B. .J. .5G4. Mrs. Sherman's ''Fifteen years " has at last expired, and readers will miss it a little mayhap. .Jacob Dickman in Ohio Farmer ( quoted A. B. J. .W4 ) brings out an idea about cel- lars which never struck me before. Some clay is like putty ; a particle of water would take a day if not a week in progressing an inch through it. In soft sand, water perco- lation would be a foot, if not several feet, per hour. As a result of this the air of a cellar in clay may be quite dry. while sand cellars are pretty apt to be damp. He thinks the former much the better for wintering. I am not so sure about it. The ancients were greatly taken by the scheme of manufacturing swarms of bees by pounding a young steer to death without breaking his skin, and then letting him putrefy and breed maggots. I was under the impression that only one set of direc- tions for doing the job had come down to'us, that given by Virgil in the fourth Georgic. Friend Abbott in A. B. .T. .V>r> publishes another ancient set of directions, which show some interesting variations from those given by Virgil. RiOHAKDS, Ohio, Oct. 10. 189G. EXTR>q:CTEO. Putting up Honey for Market. No part of our business is more important than that of marketing and a large s!:are of our success in marketing, depends upon the manner iu which our honey is put up for market. No class of men have greater opportunities for learning the best manner of putting up honey for market than do the dealers in that product, and Gleanings not long ago sent out a list of questions to the the leading dealers, regarding the manner of putting up honey for market. Below will be found the list of questions and the replies that were received. I regard them as the most valuable and practical reading that has appeared in the journals for some time. "1. What style and size of shipping-case is best suited for your market ? '2. What style of package for extracted ho ey in bulk— that is, whether square cans or barrels and kegs ? 3. What weight of sections seems to sell best ? 4. What time in the year do you secure the best prices ? .^>. What effect will the absence of Califor- nia honey have on the price of Eastern hon- ey ? (■). From your receipts so far of honey, how does this season compare with that of last year ? Buffalo, N. Y., Aug. 10. l.Best white comb honey should be only in 20-pound cases of 20 one-pound combs each as nearly as can be, and to run under 20 pounds net rather that over, and the cases with two glass fronts, but no glass on the comb frames. 2. Extracted should he in 1 or 2 pound tin cans, same as canned goods, as they can then be readily retailed to consumers. ;>. One-pound combs, light weight, or not to exceed one pound, sell best. 4. Honey sells best usually, from Sept. to Dec. and drags some at other times. .'). Buffalo has never been seriously affect- ed by California honey, except in occasional seasons. Its absence should favorably af- fect our markets. (). Receipts somewhat earlier than usual, and a surplus of fruit causes moderate de- mand as yet, although perhaps slowly in- creasing. B. & Co, Detroit, Mich., Aug. 8. 1. 12-pound, 3 row. 2. Square cans. 3. One pound. 4. Fall. ."j. Can't tell. G. Much better. M. H. H. Boston. Mass., Aug. 8. 1. Neat new basswood, 20 combs, 18 to 20 ponnds net ; two-thirds cartons, one-third glass fronts. 2. Five-gallon square cans. 312 THE b^:e-keepers' review. 3. O tie-pound, but not over. 4. Sept. 1 to Jan. 1. .5, Verv little, as Eastern honey is plentiful. G. About the same. E. E. B. & Cp. Kansas City, Mo., Aug. 10 1. We prefer the 24 sections, single tier. 2. The square cans, and barrels or kegs for cheap tirades of honey. 3. Some dealers prefer light sections, and some full weight. 4. In the fall. 5. Will have a tendency to make prices firmer. 6. Our receipts are lighter this y-'ar than they were last, up to this time. C. 0. C. & Co. Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 14. 1. 24-ponnd single-tier, gla-0-pound cans and half-barrels for white honey ; dark hon- ey in barrels and half-barrels. 3. One-pound sections, almost invariably. 4. There is no regular rule ; usually early shipments ii September. .5, It will have a tendency to improve val- ues. 6. The receipts have been more and ear- ly for new. A. V. B. & Co. Cleveland, Ohio, Aug. 7. 1. Cases containing 24 sections of about 20 to 22 pounds weight. 2. Packages for extracted honey, square cans holding about GO pounds. 3. Weight of sections should be a little less than one pound. 4. We get the best prices in August and September, but sell more goods in Decem- ber and January. T). We do not think the absence of Califor- nia honey will have very much effect. G. Receipts of honey so far have been more than last year up to this time. W. B. Denvee, Colo., Aug. 10. 1. For comb honey, a double-tier 24 pound shipping-case. 2.For extracted honey, GO pound cans, two in a case. 3. Full-weight sections, IG ounces to one pound, sell best ( " IG to 1 " ). 4. We get the best prices in the spring months. r>. It will have the effect of giving us bet- ter prices and sales. G. Our honey reciepts so far are lighter than last year. R. K. & J, C. F. Chicago, 111., Aug. 8. 1. 12 and 24 pound. 2. (JO-pound cans, and barrels. 3. Sections weighing not to exceed IG ounces and not less than 1.5. 4. September and October. 5. All commodities are extremely low this year — pork, grain, potatoes, apples, butter, and dried fruits. We believe the condition of the country doesn't warrant high prices on comb honey. We will endeaver to hold our market on fancy white 1-pound sections at 1.5 cents per pound. We cannot predict at this writing, but will be in position to answer this question about Sept. 1. G. Our receipts this year far surpass any other as to quality. We will say the quality is excellent. The shipping cases are per- fect. S. T. F. & C. RiVEKSiDE, Calif., Aug. 10. 1. 24 pound shipping-cases are what the trade asks for, for comb honey ; .5-gallon square cans are cheaper, and the be^t package we have for extracted honey in California. 2. Buyers of comb honey frequently stip- ulate that sections shall not weight over one pound. 3. 1 would advocate the uniform use of 1% sections, and that producers always use separators. 4.*Thetimeof year in which best prices are realized depends altogether on the extent of the crop, both in the year in which selling is done and the year previous. We realized best prices in July of last year, owing to the partial failure of the eastern crop the year before. This season, when d light crop follows a large one, best prices will be realiz- ed latter. I'A^ Bh:E-K^EPERS' lib VIEW. 313 '». Eastern honey should be higher. (!. Honey crop in Californiu for IS'.H". will be about 7 per cent, of the crop of ]Si>f). There will not be one car of honey stored in California from wild forage-platits. B. F. R. Sprinofiet.u, Mass., Aug, 11, 1. We prefer a package coutaiuiug '25 to 30 pounds of honey, in short 1-pound pack- ages. 2. We have had very little to do with ex- tracted honey, therefore we could not give a satisfactory answer to this question. We do not handle sufficient to quote on. 3. Answered in No. 1. Short pounds sell best in this market. 4. From the latter part of August to the first of January we have our best market, although we have had a very nice trade from Jan. 1 until April 1 in some seasons, owing to the condition of other things in the mar- ket at the time that tend to take away the sale of honey. 5. We have had very little Caltfornia hon- ey in this market, therefore do not know how it would effect the sale of York State honey. (!. We cannot give you any answer that will he any way satisfactory to you, as the season has not yet commenced for honey, and will not for about two weeks as yet. We expect to have a very satisfactory sale of honey this fall, and no doubt we shall have a very nice market. P. & H. St. Louis, Mo., Aug. 10. 1. Cases with glass fronts, 24 to 'M\ \ o ind?. 2. Choice white in cans, either jacket or square ; common and amber in barrels. ;{. ()ue-i)onnd. 4. First of October to first of January. r>. Should tend to stiffen prices. There is quite a good deal of old California in our market. G. Receipts are lighter. W. C. Co. New York, Aug. 10. 1. Single-tier, holding 24 one-pound se' - tions. 2. California and Arizona, in GO-pound cans, 2 in case ; southern and western, in barrels and half-barrels ; New York State and Eastern, in kegs. The trade being accustomed to these packages, we would not favor changing them. 3. One-pound section only, light weight always. No demand for any other size or weight. 4. For comb honey, during September. October, and part of November. Extractr.d selling all the year, will depend on supply and demand. 5. There is no total absence of California honey ; besides, quite a lot was carried over. Last year's crop of California honey : was very large, while in all other producing cen- ters it was very light. This year it is the reverse, large crop all over excepting Cal- ifornia. The competion of California, therefore, being nominal, fair prices should be obtainable for eastern and western hon- ey. If the crop of California had turned out as large as that of last year, there is no doubt that prices would have gone still lower than those of last year. (i. Receipts from the South have been much larger than those of last season. No receipts from other centers as yet. H. B. & S. CiNoiNNATi. Ohio, Aug. 10. 1. Glassed cases holding 12, 20, or 24 pound sections, no difference whether single or double tier, are most popular. 2. Barrels, half-barrels, and crates of two GO-pound tin cans are alike acceptable to manufacturers. 3. One pound light. 4. When new honey comes in first. r>. None whatever these close times. Noth- ing can be sold at a high price. G. Our receipts so far have been at least twice as large this year as thev were last year at this time. C. F. M. &, S. ADVERTISEMENTS The Land of Honey, The Italy of America ! Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEE JOURNAL: 365 E. 2nd St., Los Angeles, California. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, »11. 813. 815. 817 East 9th St.. New York. FOR ri II TP A little less than a year ago 1 bought H II I r a nice flute, and was making quite I LU I L good headway iu learning to play wlien 1 was taken sick. Then came Ivy's illness, and it haH been months since 1 have touched the instrument As 1 look aliead it seems as though the days, for many more months to come, would A 1 1 p be 8o full of work that I shall not NAI r have tlie time for practicing that is UHLLii necessary in order to become a good player. Reluctantly I have deciiled to sell the flute. It is an eight-koyod instrument of Grenadilla wf)f)d, with tuning slide, cork joints, German Silver caps and trimmings, and embouchure, and cost $15.00. It is put up iu a cloth covered box, emiiossed in gilt, that cost 90 cts. I also have an instruction book, " Her- biguier's Method for the Flute, " that cost $3. 00. The book is a little the worse for wear, but it is " all there. " Yes, and there is a cleaner that cost 2o cts. The entire outfit cost me a trifle over $19.00, but I will sell it for !|10 00 cash, or I would accept $12 00 worth of nice, white ex- tracted honey in exchange for it. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. 314 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVlEv^, Bees Scooped ! i have at laHt suoceeded in buying all the bees within 2*^ miles of my home apiary, except five colonies, and these I have Italianizene frame nucleus, $l,rO; two frame, $1.7.5. Select the queen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested quoiQ, 2.00. Select tested queen, $3 00. After May 1st, one tested queen, $1 5(l ; 3 for $4. 00; 6 for $7 .50 ; select tested, $2 .50. Untested (lueens as early as tlie season will permit of tlu^r being reared, one for f 1 00 ; 8 for $2.25 ; (i for $4 (K) ; 12 for $6 75. I have over 100 tested (jueens reared last Slimmer and fall that will be taken from full colonies to fill extra early orders. ("ontracts for hybrid and black bees in quan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with tested or untested Italian (lueens on reason- able terms. 2-95-12 JOHN A\- DAVIS, Spring Hill, Maury Co., Tonn. An extra fine grade of comB-HoHEV. Any one wishing something very nice in White (jlover or Hasswood, ( 'omb or exsracted honey, for exhibition, or any purpose where a " gilt edge " article is desired, should write for prices and particulars to. J. TAYLOR, Forestville, Minn. BEESWAX EHBAGTORS. The only extractor in the world that will ex- tract all of the wax from old combs rapidly by Bteam . Send for descriptive, illustrated cata- logue to C. G, FERRIS, 4-96-tf South Columbia, N. Y. ©ottona Prices BRIflG US BIG TRADE; Good Goocis Keep It. If you want the beat supplies that can be made at a little less cost than you can buy the same goods for elsewhere, write to us for low prices, 1896 Cataloeue now ready — ask for it and a free copy of The American Bee-Keeper ( 3G pages ). The T, W. pAUCOriEt^ JVI'pG CO., Jamestown, N. Y. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CBLEBRATED Birmingham SteelStrings 1^^ for Violin, Guitar, Mandolin, Banjo Finest Made. Extra Plated. BULBtMAR- Warranted not to rust. Send for Catlg JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811. 813. 815, 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. ftnase mention the Reuiew. — If you are going to— BtfY A BtfZZ-SAW, write to the editor of the Keview. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, has accented a permanent position in Arizona, and wishes to dispose of liis apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and I told him if he would have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the price at which they are offered. 1 Barnes Saw 820.00 1 Fdn. Mill ( 6 in Pelham ) Tank and dip- ping boards 6.00 4 M. Sections ( G. B. Lewis & Co. Cream Standard 4.00 1 Daisy Fde Fastener ,50 1 Coil Wire 60 1 Expansion Bit 1.00 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 100 Brood Cases ( New Heddon ) at 25 68 Covers at 15 53 Bottom Boards at 10 53 Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 2 Escape Boards at .25 30 Escapes at 15 120 Now Heddon combs at 05 210 Wood Screws at 01 50 Feeders ) Heddon Excelsior ) at 25 Hubbard Section Press 1.25 All of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well-made and nicely painted, and having been in use only two or three seasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Any one wishing to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. r±iJks, and handles and lock, price $3 50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $20 00. It is ex- actly tlie same kind of an outfit that my daugh-- ter has been usins the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more piiwcrfnl, rich tone than some in- struments hrrc that cost several times as much. I wish to sell ^hisou fit, and would accept, one- half nice, white extracted honey in payment, the balance cash. It will bo sent on a five days' trial, anil if not entirely satisfactory can bo re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. Itf. liONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-5)6-6 Please mention the ffeuiew. laaaaiuiaaaaaaaarjiQtuiiaiiiiQisitiJiiaQtuiaia Names of Bee - Keepers. TYPE WRITTEN. psraraccFiraraPTiPicricPiciciBiCiisRririPiccc The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for 8aini>le copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thousand all arranged alplialxUically (in the largest States) . and, although this list has boon secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, 1 would furnish it to my advertisers at l$2.(X) per thousand names. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can bo accom- modated. Any inquiry in regard to the number of names in a certain state, or states, will be an- swered cheerfully. The former price was 2.50 por 1000. but 1 now have a type writer, and, by using the iflanifold proce^B, 1 can furnish them at ff2.00. W.Z. HUT(;H1NS0N. Flint. Mich BEE - KEEPERS' SURRLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK, 283 Wash. St., N Y. City. (SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illusfrated Catalogue r^ake Voup Own Hives. 3ee ^ Keepcps Will save money by using" our Foot Pow- er Saw in making' their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog^ue. W.F.&JKO. BARNES CO., 384 Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2 96 12 816 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW ia Branch of the A. I. ROOT GO. Order apiarian supplies here and save freiglit. Wm. A. SELSEB, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. We are paying liighest price for pure beeswax. The "fiigginsville" Smobr, 2 ;; The aljove cut shows the "HIGGINS- VILLE " Smoktr. Fiy. 2 shows tlie nozzle thrown back for fillint:. This S loker is made of the best niHterial, is strony and well made, will burn auy kind of fuel, ai:d has a veiy strong draff. Jt^~ "The 'Higginsville' Smoker is a dandy witli a big D " J. M Morse. Holdou. Mo. i^^ Price of smokers, 7^)0 ; 3 f. r f 1 SO; by mail add 2.10 each for postage Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginrers, 25c each; by mail, 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Please mention the f^euiea/. ^ Why i is bes of all, and all aboii how to make and use i, in a 2i pa^ > [) lUDhl >, free on api>licaion. DowAGiAc, Mich. Please mention the Reuiew, A O ll O To my customers and friends : I r\ ^J f\ Please remember that W H. I II ff II Laws is again lieadquarters for Italian queens. I breed nothing but large, well-developed queens, either Golden or Leather-colored. My Golden strain is from Doolittle's original ONE HUNDRED dollar queen sent me after he had reared over 1,000 queens from her. For business and beauty, my liees are uuexcejled. Price of queens, each. $1.00 ; six for $4.50. Tested, $1.2.5. Breeders, %-i to $4. Ad- dress 4 95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co., Ark. Please mention the Reuiew. Wr«l»™rtrerftc( ORIGINAL % BINGHAM E SMOKEllsi Have a Wondermi Record. ; .■ HAVE lASTED 17 YEARS. J \ Best oiiEartti. CtIvg Fcrfcci SaWaclioii. \ My cool Wire Handle and Bent Nose were 5 patented i892, are tlie original, my best in- $ venlion since my open or direct draft pat- r ent in 1878. Thai revolutionized Hee - Smo \ kers. My Handle and Nose Patent bent all J the other smoker noses. N-nts. \ 1. you 1 uy ^;;:======s^^J^2^ g-nuinoj Biiigh a •< ^^-_ — jj. - and HONEY KNIVES S m o kers J yon will I never egiei i . Tlie "' Docto'," K% inch 1m'- j ger than any other smoker on Ihe iiiatk t— t liK'i'ich -tovo, by mail, . $1.50 j ('on(i e or, 3 inch stove, by mail, . .. 1.10 J Lju-'o, 2i!i 1.00 i PI .in ;i ' ' 70 J L ii'e Wonder, 2 iu'-h. wt. 10 oz. .fiO ^ Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife. .80 ^ T. F, BINGHAM, Farwefl, MicL I L'.^'.d^^^ d*.d*^*.^^ r ^M'^«T^ir» i*,^*.^*.^*. <^«'^ GIVES ||i RELIEF i 3 Local Druggists everywhere will supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. 4- They are Easy to Take. Quick to Act and Save many a Doctor's Bill. 320 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVu ^.••^•J•.•;/.••:••■"i;.•^"•:■•■;i;.•^••••>^V;.•^l••;•■•i;.•^;•«:>■•"•/.•^l••:■•" >5*i:.«."?.-;i: •■•■.,;• l^l^ase Broj. piapo ?o., | /]r\aQufa(;turers of piAflOS! Bijy Direct ai^d 52^6 Dealers' profits ai)d P^ei^ts' C^om/nissioQS. ■*">•■ :?:V#i ii^^ Muskegon, Chicago, 'Wi. m m M Mich. Illinois. M I^OV., 1896. At Flir|t, Mic^iigaq.— Oqe Dollar a Year 34^- THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, RDVEf^TISlNG f^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts will be given as follows : Ou 10 lines and upwards, S times, fi jier cent; 6 times, 15 per cent ; ft times. 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 per cent ; ti times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 30 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. MINNE.A.POLIS, Minu.- Strictly fancy white lio'-ey is beinar sold as low as 13 cents ; choice white, 11; fancy dark, 10; choice dark, S'j; strained houey, ('alifornia, 5; strained htmey. Eastern, 6; beeswax 30 cents. J. -V.SHIiAc'feCO., 116 First Ave., North, . Minneapolis, Minn. Mar.aO. Clubbing liist. 1 will send tlie Review with — aieaniuKH, ( 1.00) ...ft.75. American Bee Journal ( l.O(i) 1.75. Onadian Bee Journal . . . ( 1.00) 1 .75. American Bee Keeper ...( .50) 1.40. ProKressive Bee Keeper... ( .50) 1,35. Honey Quotations. The following rules for grading honey were adop+ed by the North American Bee - Keepers' Association, at its VVashiugton meeting, and, so far as possible, quotations are made according to these rules: Fancy.— All sections to be well tilled; combs straight, of even thickness, and firmly attached to all four sides ; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain, or otherwise ; all the cells sealed except the row of cells next the wood. No. 1.— All sections well filled, but combs un- even or crooked, detached at the bottom, or with but few cells unsealed; both wood and comb unsoiled by travel-stain or otherwise. In addition to this the honey is to be classified according to color, using the terms white, amber and dark. That is, there will be " fancy white," " No. 1 dark," etc. BUFFALO, N. Y.— A fairly liberal amount of one pound, fancy comb can now be well sold; other grades have to be crowded. We quote as foUows : Fancy white, 12 to 13; No. 1 white, 11 to 12; Fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. 1 amber. 8 to 9; Fancy dark, 1^ to 9; white, extracted, 5 to 6; amber. 4 to ^^, ; Dark, 3 to 4; beeswax, 22 to 23 BATTERSON & ('O.. Oct. 2S. 167 & 169 Scott St.. Buffalo, N. Y. ('HI(!AGO, III.— The sale of honey hfiney is sl'iw at present, and we do not have the usual demand. We quote as follows: Fancy white, 124 to 13: No. 1 white, 11 ; Fancy amber, 9 to 10; No. I amber, 7 ; Fancy dark. S; No 1 dark. 7 ; white, extracted, 5 to 7 ; amber, 4}^ to 5. Bees wax, 25 to 2(). R. A. BURNETT ., ; 5 10-96-71 Box 1.5(1 Deleware City, Del. * :© '®) Is a book ol" nearly loo pag-es that bcg-ins with The Care of Bees in Winter, and then tells how the}- oug-ht to be cared for in the spring- in order to secure the workers in time for the harvest. Then Hives and Their Characteristics, Honey Boards, Sections. Supers and Sepa- rators are discussed. The Best Methods of Arrang-ing- Hives and Building-s and Shading- the Bees are described. Varieties of Bees, Introducing Oueens and Planting- for Honey are next given a chapter each. Then the Hiving of Bees, Increase, Its Management and Control, and Contrac- tion of the Brood Nest are duly considered: after which Comb Foundation, Foul Brood, Queen Rearing, the Raising- of Good Extracted Honey, and " Feeding- Back " are taken up. After the honey is raised, then its Preparation for the Market, and Marketing are discussed. Then Migratory Bee -Keeping-, Out - Apiaries, and Apiarian Exhibits at Fairs are each given a chapter. After this comes the question of Wintering-, which is discussed in all its phases. The Influence of Food, Ventilation, Moisture, Temperature, Protection, etc., etc., are all touched upon. There are also chapters upon Specialty versus Mixed Bee -Keeping-, Com- forts and Conveniences of the Apiary, Mistakes in Bee- Keeping-, etc., etc., — 32 chapters in all. Price of the book, 50 cts.; the Review one year and the book for $1.25. Stamps taken, either U. S. or Canadian. W. Z. HOTCHlNSOfl, Flint, Mich. © 324 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVxJtuW. iii)i*^F^»*^*«^*^«*^"^»<'»'»*'*'*'^''»'*'*'^''*'*'^^'"'»'^'*""'*'^"^'"^*^''*'^* "'•"•'*'"* '*'"'*'"' BOOK FI^EEI For every new subscription with $1.00 for Gleanings in Bee Culture We will send a book, by A. I, Root, contaiuiug I'JO pages, size (J'o x it entitled " What to Do, and \\oxjj, to be Happy While Doing It. postpaid. This work is intended to solve the problem of finding occupation for those scattered over our land, out of employment. The sug- gestions are principally about linding employ- ment around your own homes. The book is mainly upon marketing-gardening, fruit culture, poultry-raising, etc. The regular price of tliis work alone is U^ cents. THE A. 1. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. I i Expert Bee-Kccpers should keep pdsted by reading a paper tliat is full of iniprove- ments, expects great apicultural invoiidons, and gives them to the public, 8uch a paper is the Pacific Bee- Journal of Los Angeles, California. With the new year this paper will be an illustrated monthly at $1.00 a year. Special offer of 30 cents a year if paid before January 1S97. 10-96-tf c^.fs Hoiisy as Fool and MotliciiiG ' fr'^ii"' To fivory nkw subscriber to the American Bee .Journal for 1897, at $1.00, we will mail free 2.t copies of " Honey as Foof and Medicine " — a 3'2-page pamphlet giving recipes for the use of honey as a food and as a medicine. It i^ a fine tldng to help create a home market. The 25 pam- phlets alone wiQ be sent for 75 cents. We will also throw in the U cemb^r numbers of the Bee Journal t.) now subscribers Sample copy free. GEO. W. YORK & CO.. 118 Mich. St., Chicago, 111. Prompt renewals are so desirable that 1 am goinc: to niakn some special oHors. For $1.01) ^ I will send the Review for 1897, and the book, " .\dvancod Reo Culture ; " or, in pl'ice of the '^ book, 12 back Nos. of the Review. For $1..50 I will send the Review and a fine, tested, Italian ^ queen — queen to be sent early in the season of 1897, For 75, the Review and a $1.10, Bing '%, ham ( Conqueror ) smoker, postpaid. For $2. .50, the Review and 1,010 No. 1, first class, one- ^ piece sections. But REM EMBER, tiiese offers will b(< withdrawn .Jan. 1st, as the sole '/. '/f"- object in maki ng them is to induce the sending in of subscriptions before that date. ^• ^ ■ W. /. HUTCH NSON Flint, Iflich i^ Tb e (5)ee- eepeps ' jAeViet lONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tlqe Interests of Hoqey Producers. $1.00 A YEAR. W, Z. HUTCHINSON, Edllor and Proprietor. VOL IX. FLINT. MICHIGAN, NOV. 10, 1895. NO AV^ork at IVCicliigan's Experimental ^piarv. K. L. TAYLOR, APIABIST. FEEDING BACK. T T li H s been 1 thought worth while to repeat the experinieut in feeding back exfraoted honey for the comple- tion of unfiniph- od section?. Tt has also been found more con- venient and de- sirable to do FO owing to the fact that the character of the season has been such that the percentage of partially filled sections has been greater during the past season ( IHiKl ) than ever be- fore. This was owing to the shortness of tho honey season and the slender character of the honey flow. The extent of this was such that but now and then a colony com- pleted even one case. For the purposes of the experiment four colonies were selected. All were hybrid bees, so-called, and very strong. For a brood chamber, each col- ony was given a single section of the Hed- don hive containing frames equal to live L ingstroth frames. Doubtless a brood chamber even smaller, perhaps as small as two and a half L. frames, would have been better, and this for two reasons. First, much less of the honey would have been re- quired for the rearing of brood, as the ex- tent of that would hav(3 been reduced by one half. I have heretofore given reasons tend- ing to show that it requires two pounds of honey for the production of one pound of brood and that a section of the Heddon hive, if almost entirely devoted to brood, would contain about ten pounds of it. If this la substantially correct, it will be seen by consulting the table presented herewith that twenty pounds of honey would be required every three weeks to produce the brood of each of the colonies used in this experiment. This amount of brood might have been re- duced by one half without detriment to the well-being of the colony, and one half the honey saved. Second, what I have just said appropriately introduces this point. The number of bees continually hatching from live L. frames full of brood constantly in- creases the strength of the colony so that if feeding is continued any length of time, with the crowding necessary for the pro- duction of comb honey, swarming is in- duced. This would be detrimental to the highest success of tho work. With about half that amount of brood the strength of the colony would be kept good and swarm- ing avoided, for it must not be too readily accepted that a small brood chamber with- 326 THE BEE-KEEPERS' HE VIEW out reference to the degree of smalluess conduces to swarming. The feeding was begun the 15th of July soon after the closing of the flow from clover and basswood. Two or more cases of sections were kept upon each colony and the honey given as rapidly as the bees would take it. The honey was prepared for feeding by throughly incorporating with it about one half its own weight of water on the supposition that in this condition the bees would handle it more rapidly. The work with colonies two, three and four was closed August (i, one day more than three weeks, owing to the fact that on that date or shortly before they had cast Bwarms, rendering it undesirable to continue Turning now to the table we tind some questions presented which are not altogether easy to answer. We find there so striking a difference between the work of colonies as that one requires more than two pounds of honey to enable it to add one pound to its store of comb honey while another requires but a trifle more than a pound and a third. It might be surmised that the one requiring the larger amount had expended it in the production of a larger amount of brood. If, however, we allow that No. 3 reared an amount of brood equal to that reared by No. 4, viz., eight H. frames tull and deduct from the amount fed each the twenty pounds suppored to be necessary for the rearing of the brood we see No. 4 accounts fully for all 1 13 B 1 0 o [0 a -S .c 1 '^ ^ .a a tc QD Efl rS d a "* a a a 0^ 0. ''-' w a '^ a 1:5 J3 T3 a o 0 .9.S j m -•3 |-^ a "^ 03 (— • c ctf Z o O j; '^ -*'^ ^ .Sc ^^ >. &^ % > a a r^ 03 o CM^ w pS I — ■ CC u 62 66 1681/' 76i/i 75 67'/3 317M \\\y». 136 114!^ 92-M 46K' 36% 48V^ 5,5 64 7 49 71.9 1.81 I 10^ i.r.4 I M 2.04 I 5 1.31 I ^ 61 65.7 55.6 72.5 7^.t 8 8 6}^ 8 8 Total I 452^4 | 378)^ | 679-M I 2271.^ | 58.7 | 1 70 | 16J^ | 63 them in the work. Colony No. 1 was re- tained in the experiment until the 2!)th of August, nearly six and a half weeks. This colony was particularly adapted to comb building and showed that, during the first half of the period, but later owing probably in part to the low temperature which pre- vailed during August, its work was less sat- isfactory. Up to August 10th there was no noticable amount of honey coming from the fields but later there was some considerable being gathered, though colony No. 1, being fed, seemed to participate to a very small extent in it, not bringing enough to tinge the color of the comb honey in process of construction, and so I judge not sufticieut to make it an appreciable element in the problem un- der consideration. *he remainder in its case, while No. ? lacks eighteen and a quarter pounds of doing so. In like manner, on the above supposition. No. L' accounts for nearly all the honey giv- en it, while No. 1 comes short of it by more than thirty pounds. It can hardly be that the amount of honey required by dif- ferent colonies for the rearing of the same quantity of brood can vary very greatly, nor the amount required by the adult bees for food where the strength of the colonies is about equal. At present I see only two other ways of accounting for the deficit, viz., quiet robbing and varying amounts required for the production of wax. l^obbingas an outlet is hardly to be relied upon : wax pro- duction seems more likely to afford some measure of relief. If the table is examined closely it will be seen that the sections Tilh; BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 327 {jiven Nos. 1 and ',\ Hveraged much heavier thati those given Nos. '_' ;iud 4. Can it be then that the much greater proportionate amount of cappings of the honey to be done in the one case calls for the production of wax for use in the capi)ing as to account for the apparent discrepancy ? It may in some measure, antl. besides, some colonies may practice putting more wax into a given ex- tent of comb so as lo make it stronger and safer. It is plain there are abundant sub- jects yet for investigation in bee culture. Figures may he made in different ways to determine the amount of profit there is in feeding back. I consider the value of the untinished sections as about equal to that of the extracted honey, say six cents. This would make value of these two articles en- tering into this experiment S.W.HS cents. I compute the value of the iu\)% pounds of comb honey produced, at VI cents per pound which gives a total value of !|i;si.r)7, or a {)ro- tit of nearly (>'_' per cent. Lapekr, Mich., Nov. iT., ISitC, %r^4^!^<^ A Reply to Mr. R. Me Knight. S. T. PETTIT. T7IRST of all, I beg to say, I think these 1^ letters from Canadians are no credit to us, nor to our Association. It seems to me that it is enough that we have unpleasantness at our meetings. What good can come from publishing the matter to the world in this fashion ? But it is no fault of mine; I am not the aggressor ; I was dragged, against my will, into the controversy, in self-defense. But, after all, it may be un- wise in me to notice such bitter and mis- leading productions, for we know that men sometimes, when they find themselves worsted in a struggle, will vent their feel- ings in just that way. Doubtless Mr. Prin- gle was urged to it. Mr. Mc Knight says " This is the last time 1 shall reply to any of his effusions " \'ery likely that is a sensible conclusion, but I don't care whether he does or not. He says I am " Not a pleasant opponent. " Well, be that as it may, I'll give some quotations from his letter to show that he is most de- cidedly " a pleasant oppiment. " Here they are: ''Another attack upon your humble servant; " " lying and misrepresentation ; " " he is not impressive either, once he gets an idea into his head ( right or wrong ) a battering ram would not dislodge it ; " "The general tenor of this man's letter is local and personal ; " " llatly contradicts him : " " 1 was right and he was wrong : " " Mr. I'ettit came into the world too late, he ought to have been born when old de- crei)it women were burned as witches and men were gibbetted for clipping coin ; " " bug juice ; " " he sat as mute as a mum- my and ate the leek in silence : " " dragged his aged mother from her fireside;" "his henchman ; " " both gentleman were hound- ed to the very brink of the grave;" "let Mr. Pettit mind his own business and let us alone. " It seems that a glance over these quotations will show that he is not only " a pleasant opponent" but the possesor of a beautiful spirit ; no condescending to things " local and personal " but we cannot all be McKnights, you know. But there are some things in his letter that claim my attention and need a little straightening out. Mr. Mc Knight says " If Mr. Fringle was living I should allow him and Mr. Pettit to have it out." Brave man, that he is: he claims that my letter was " another attack on him. " Why not fight his own battles like a man. If anybody "hounded" the late Mr. Pringle to the grave it was no other than Mr. Mc knight. We who have wit- nessed it know how tired Mr. Pringle would look, when, at our conventions, he wonld rise to make special pleadings for Mr. Mc Knight, but it would seem that he had to do it. All the private correspon- dence that ever passed between myself and Mr. Pringle was of the most cordial nature. No facts behind Mr. McKnight's statements about hounding people will apply to me. Proceeding, he says : " I object to the penalties being extreme and out of har- mony with the spirit of justice and mod- ern legislation against crime, " What con- sumate nonsense I Does not Mr. McKnight know that the i)eualties against the pro- duction and sale of spurious butter in Can- ada are from *L'0() to $400 dollars, and that the maxium penalty to prohibit the produc- tion of spurious or tilled cheese is !<;r>00 1 That is the talk of that miserabie gang of mixers that infect the country. Bee-keep- ers must get out of their company or take the consequences. But when a bee-keeper sides with them it makes the light a hard one. But, if 1 understand the spirit of bee- keepers, they will light it to the bitter end . 828 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVI'Jl.^ Continuing, he says : " It ought to be suf- ficient evidence to this ardent advocate of bee-beepers' rights that I was right and he was wrong when the Commons of Canada struck the penalties he proposed out of his amendment altogether. " No sir : The House of Commons of Can- ada did not strike the penalties out : they were struck out somehow between the first a" d second readings of the bill. The House did not even have an opportunity of discus- sing the penalties. I was there and heard the second reading and before that reading took place tlie penalties had disappeared from the bill ; and I have no manner of doubt but that McKnight's whole pages of fool's cap written to Ottawa against ths bill, and personal matter against S. T. Pettit, had something to do with their disappear- ance. Members would say to me: "What ails that man McKuight ? Can you not agree as to what you want ? If you will agree among yourselves, we will do something for you. Other people agree as to what they want, cannot you ? " I never heard any one give him any credit for his opposition, but it had its damaging effect all the same. But the House of Commons by giving even a a part of what we asked acknowledged the insufficieHcy of the Adulteration of foods Act. Continuing, Mr. McKnightsays : " Modern legislatures aim at making laws inflicting penalties upon criminals in proportion to the crime committed. " Well, at a super- ficial glance, that sounds very well, but it does not go far enough, for modern legisla- tors aim at making laws inflicting penalties in proporation to the conse({uences of the crime commited. The consequences of spurious Canadian honey being sold in the markets of the world would result in the loss of millions of dollars to Canadian bee-keep- ers, and not only so but the reputation of Canada as a food producing country would suffer also. I cannot understand how any- one can say that f.W. is the penality in the adulteration of foods act for the penalty may be as low as $r). Why say " Mr. Pettit came into the world too late ? " I am in full accord with all Can- adian bee-keepers, R. McKnight excepted, and also with the general public in this matter. My opinion is that Mr. McKnight came into the world at just the right time ; but that his early education was sadly neg- lected, or he would possess the good common sense, out of deference to the wish- es of the solid fraternity, to act the part of ^ gentleman and withdraw his obstructing opposition to the bill in question. He objects to the wording of the phrase : " That which is gathered by bees from na- tural sources, " contending that it includes honey dew. No one will, or ever did, dis- pute that point, but I do dispute the claim that it legalizes honey dew. Honey dew always has been legal, and hence no law can legalize it. My claim was and is that the wording of that definition does not affect the legal status of honey dew. But Mr. Mc- Knight advocates the passage of a law to prohibit the production of honey dew, or " bug juice, " if he must be so indiscreet as to use that disgusting term. I presume that would mean ordering nature and the aphides to go out of that line of business. Will a sane nian advocate such a law V Further along Mr. McKuight says :" as for myself, the Association has nothing left to bestow upon me. " Then he goes on in a childish manner to boast of the offices he has held. One would scarcely believe that he would be found so strenuously opposing the views, wishes and best interests of those who have thus honored him — base ingrati- tude, instead of co-oi)eration and goodwill. But it exceeds my utmost comprehension how this man can put on the boldness to claim that he ever was the delegate sent by the Ontario Bee-Keepers' Association to the North American. I am aware that he at- tended some of these meetings and passed as such, but his boasting it seem.s to me calls for an exposure. Here are the facts. " That little band of Canadian bee-keepers " called by some a ring, so managed matters that the midoubted right of the O. B K. A. to appoint all delegates to other meetings and Associations was taken from it and the Board was made to believe that it had that right. And there, in the board " that little band of Canadian bee-keepers " divided the plums among themselves year after year. That is how Mr. McKnight became the boasting delegate to the N. American. "That little band of Canadian bee-keepers " dared not to trust themselves in the hands of the Association. The Association, for peace's sake reluctantly suffered that usur- pation to exist for several years, but it at last became thoroughly aroused and it has set itself squarely down upon that usurpa- tion and in the future the association will rni'. tiEE-KJUJEFEHS REVIEW. 329 eliiiin its legal aud just riglits. Will Mr. McKtiight do the late aud lamented Mr. Triiigle the injustice to insinuate that he ( Mr. Friugle ) was in accord with him in op- posing the Pure Honey Bill V Mr. Fringle, though he did not take an active part on either side (/((/ not oppoai' the Bill. But at Stratford he advised the meeting to go on and secure the Act. In closing this too long letter I will say. it is pleasing to note the many kind words that have been spoken concerning the late Mr. Fringle. F. S. I had decided to withdraw from the (J. B. K. A., but I have been so stirred up in the Review that I shall double my efforts to make the Association all it should be. The practice indulged in by one party only, of dragging into our meetings personal grievances, works mischief every time : let us have peace and harmony at onr next meeting. Belmont, Ont., Can. Oct. 2, IWIC. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. Ij. THOMPSON. WHY did Cheshire say it is in the very nature Of things impossible to hybrid- iz3 our hive bees with Apis Dorsata f If he meant to imply that hybrids are not fruitful, that is a rule with exceptions — very many in the plant world, and some among animals, and even among the higher ani- mals. Haeckel, in his History of Creation, mentions the hare-rabbit, many generations of which have been bred in France since 1S")0 for gastronomic purposes. They ap- pear to propagate themselves through many generations by being bred with one another, just as well as any genuine species. Hybrids of sheep and goats are also fruitful ( providing the sire is a goat and the dam a sheep ), though these two species belong to different genera. They have long been bred in Chili for industrial purposes. Haeckel also says : " In the year 141l», a few rabbits, born on board ship of a tame Spanish rabbit, were put on the island of Forto Santo, near Madeira. ... In the course of four hundred and fifty years they have developed into a (juite peculiar variety — 3r if you will have it, into a 'good species'— which is distinguished l)y a pecu- liar color, a rat-like shape, small size, noc- turnal life, and extraordinary wildness. The most important fact, however, is that this new species, which I call Lfpus lluxleyi, no longer pairs with its European parent rab'?it. " A parallel case, except in the last characteristic, is furnished by the bee of Madagascar {Apis iinivolnr ), if we make the assumption, whicli is a very probable one, that it originally came from the main- land of Africa. But the special bearing of this, for us, is on the undoubted ditterences which exist between the black bees of this country and of Europe. I first saw a sug- gestion of this from the pen of M. Bertrand, in his comments on Mr. Benton's assertion of the superiority of the Italian bee : and since then have repeatedly noticed, in foreign journals, that competent bee-keepers con- sider the black bee to be fully the equal of the Italian, in the north of Europe. Very few in this country venture to make the same claim for our black bee. lu addition, I am assured by an experienced (jerman bee-keeper that the black bees here have distinctly different traits from the German bees in Germany, particularly in the matter of gentleness (excepting the heath bees, which are cross. ) Those interested in es- tablishing a strain of hybrids might find it profitable to import a few German queens. The thin feed remedy for May sickness has been tried here by the Rauchfuss Bros, entirely without success. Especially this year, the bees became so disheartened that they paid very little attention to the feeder or to chances to rob. CoNDUiTE DU RticHEK.— Vogel has observ- ed that the temper of bees is inherited on the paternal side; so that a black queen fertlized by an Italian drone ought to have a gentler progeny than an Italian queen fer- tilized by a black drone. In speaking of this manual of apiculture I have, of course, only selected for mention a few of the points which are most striking on account of their novelty or need for empha- sis. It remains to charaterize it as a whole. It is a book of 288 pages, giving plain instruc- tions for the practical conduct of an apiary, arranged according to months, with special chapters on tools and hives. The difficult task of clearly telling an intelligent begin- ner just as much as he needs to know has been accomplished with remarkable success, and the instructions themselves are thoroughly sound ( making some reserva- tion on the subject of foul brood ). Without 330 THE BEE'lEEPERS' REVIEW. having seen other European manuals, I should guess that this is one of the best ; and it it had been adapted to American con- ditions, the same could have been said of it as compared with our own manuals. The notion that Europeans are far behind us in practical apiculture could not be held by anyone who had read this book. This idea probably arose from the fact that their jour- nals are necessarily adapted to farmer bee- keepers rather than to specialists, of which there are but few ; and also because the majority of their writers, belonging to a more intelligent class of people than the average American who keeps bees, have little of our Fhilistiue rigidity in matters of fact, and do not disdain an occasional ex- cursus into the region of pure theory : which, however, is generally labeled as such, so that he who runs may read. This time to make a correction of a state- ment in the first of these papers. The terms " warm " and " cold " position of the frames do not refer, as there stated, to the position of the frames with reference to their dimensions, but to their i^osition with reference to their entrance. The warm position is when the frames are parallel to the entrance : the cold position, when they are perpendicular to it. The cold position is almost exclusively in use in the United States, and tlie warm position in Germany. A few years ago a querist in the American Bee Journal asked about the relative merits of the two positions. Most of those who replied thought it made no difference, ex- cept in leveling the hive. But the author of the Conduite du Rucher says that wheu the warm position is used, it is indispensable to use the equivalent of a Hill's device; and the last thing in preparing for winter should be to replace the two frames next the entrance, which are more or less empty, with fuller ones taken from the back of the hive. For three years, I have had two hives with frames parallel to the entrance, which was at the top. With one exception, the colonies in them either died or were s{)ind- ling each spring, and the front frames were entirely empty. MUENOHENER BlENENZEITUNG. — N. Ludwig uses dipping-boards to remove wax from the surface of water. It is usually more practical to dip with a ladle, and lay aside the last layer, when cold, to go with the next batch of wax, but it may be well sometimes to know how to get nearly the last drop. The boards area little less than the diame- ter of the vessel in length, and ;^i inches or less thick, with a plug in the center for a handle, and each edge leveled sharp on both sides. These are previously soaked in cold water, then one dipped horizontally in the vessel deep enough to just let the wax run together over its upper surface. It is then lifted above the surface a moment, and dipped again. After this is repeated several times it is returned to the vessel of cold water, and another dipping-board used. The wax is readily removed by cutting around the edges. Alois Alfonsus of Vieund has bred nearly all the varieties of the honey-bee in his own yard. The results obtained in crossing were similar to those olitained by W. Vogel, and also by Mohatsehek, an extensive bee- keeper who has experimented largely in the same direction. It is evident that two prim- itive varieties existed, the black and the yellow. The number of varieties is now twelve. The black variety includes 1, the common black bee; 2, the heath bee; ;}, the Carniolan; 4, the Lower Australian; ;">, the Banater ; the crosses of the black and Yel- low are (>, the Italian; 7, the Greek or Cerespian; 8, the Caucasian; 9, the Cyprian; 10, the black bee of Northern Africa ; and the yellow variety is composed of 11, the Egyptian and 12, the Syrian. Of the crosses, the Italian bee is native to one part of the Tyrol, and also south- east Switzerland, as well as Italy. By ex- periments in breeding, Mohatsehek conclu- ded that the Cyprian bee was a cross of the Greek bee ( itself a cross ) with one of the primitive yellow varieties. The (xreek bee resembles the Italian in appearance and nature, though a little darker. Its proper home is in Greece ; but it was also found by Mohatsehek in some regions of Cyprus. The Caucasian bee excels the Italian in beauty, and is said to be the gentlest of all varieties; the black bee of North Africa has some southern blood in it. ( What I have read elswhere of the Caucasian bee some- what conflicts with the statement above. The editor of La Revue Internationale re- ceived a Caucasian queen from M. N. Schawroff, director of the Silk-worm and Apicultural Station at Tiflis. Her bees were very gentle, but of a gray color, somewhat resembling the Carniolaus. M. Schawroff stated that there were two races in the Cau- casus, of different colors, l)ut having the THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 331 same traits. Later an article appeared translated from the Russian, written by M. Pritouleako, an employe of the same sta- tion, who investigated the bright race on the Persian frontier. He comes to the con- clusion that the bright race of the Caucasus is identical with the bee which is found throughout Persia ; but t.o far from having the same traits as the gray bee, it is very cross and much addicted to robbing. It has but little inclination to swarm. The first four segments of the abdomen are of a bright orange : the hair, thorax and abdo- men of a bright yellow. The translator, G. Kaudratiefif, thinks it may be identical with the Egyptian bee. ) Of the black varieties, the heath bee is almost exactly like the common black bee in appearance, but seems to be a little dark- er. Its home is the heath of Lueneberg, the duchy of Braunschweig, and the province of Hanover. It is a product of contiuoue breeding from the best and "swarmiest" colonies. The peculiar management of the heath, and their continuous selective breed- ing, have produced a variety peculiarly fit- ted to their local conditions. But for regions having an early flow it is unsuitable, as it devotes its whole energy to brood-rearing in spring and summer. It is well fitted for rapid increase, in the hands of a master. The characteristics of the Garniolan bee are much like those of the heath bee. The Lower Austraian bee is a variety which sometimes has the first segment of the ab- domen a rusty red. It has but little inclin- ation to build drone-comb. The Banater bee is almost identical with the Lower Au- stralian. For the primitive yellow varieties Herr Alfonsns has no use, and makes a most em- phatic protest against any admixture of southern blood for (lerman bee-keepers. He considers the common black bee the best for middle and north (rermany. In regions with only a spring flow, he admits that It- alians gather more. ( It is worthy of notice that Herr Liedloff, editor of the Leipziger Bieneiizeitung, prefers a cross between the black and the Italian. ) Leipzigeb Bienenzeituno. — The common belief that feeding incites robbing, and that it should be done in the evening, is sailed into by W. .Jaks, who claims that the correct principle is to attract the bees of the colony towards, and not from, the entrance while feeding is going on. If this is done, the slightest attempt at robbing is nipped in the bud by the unusual crowd of home bees. The scent of the fresh feed being stored in the cells must be far more apparent, from itB greater area, to outside bees than the scent of the feeder. He reaches these conclusions from the use of an entrance feeder, applied to the flight hole. After trial. Editor Liedloff gives this feeder a warm approval. Some things about bee-keeping are not practical and never can be, and yet nearly every practical bee-keeper will resort to considerable hemming and hawing before he will admit that he doesn't know them. Such a problem is how to account for the place of propolis in bee ecouomy. N. Lud- wig makes it probable that the primary ob- ject of propolis is to serve as an outer cover- ing or envelope for the colony, as a protec- tioa again it weathe • and eneuies. It is thus analogous to the outer walls of a yellow - jackets' nest. It has been occasionally ob- served that when unfavorable weather be- gins to overtake a colony, in a warm region, which has built its combs in the open air, it closes all comb spaces with propolis ex- cept holes for entrance and exit, and even plasters the outer surfaces of the small end combs. Colonies of the southern races are especially lavish of propolis at the hive en- trances, doubtless to aid in protecting them- selves against enemies. ( Hence the ancient Greek name " propolis, " meaning " before the city, " ). e. defenses or outworks. ) Since an outer covering should have a smooth inner surface in order to be comfort- able for the bees to walk over, we have f^e one suflicient reason why bees overlay every roughness with propolis, in the hives given them. A hive having a perfectly smooth inner surface, without corners, would be propolized very little. Herr Ludwig does not pursue the subject further ; but possibly we may infer that the fact that it is natural for the bees to use propolis has not so much to do with the sealed cover question as some have supposed — as long as the bees are protected from enemies and chilling draughts, the requirements which first led them to use propolis are satisfied. At any rate, it is decidedly unscientific to explain the traits of bees by saying that they are severally implanted as instincts by the Creator. We all agree that the funda- mental laws of existance are beyond onr t power to explain ; the applications of those laws, however, demand no special interpo- 332 THE Bx^E-KEEPERS' REVIEW. sitionB, since the workings of the laws themselves are all-sufficient : and specula- tions have not the remotest connection with the essentials of religion. These remarks are suggested by the recurrence, every now and then, of the bold affirmative " the swarming instinct was implanted by the Creator, " as if implanted by a special act. A little editorial says : "The coloring mat- ter and odor of wax undoubtedly arise from the remains of food, which the bees incor- porate with it in gnawing the comb. Also wood which the bees gnaw when it stands in their way, is often colored a bright yel- low, just as wax is. The more energetically and the more repeatedly the bees gnaw, the more intense becomes the color, and pieces of larva skin, which have been gnawed off, are also mingled with the wax. For that reason old combs are always darker color- ed. " Two bee-keepers, says Pastor Fleischman, have recently reported that a visit to their bees is always followed by a violent cold, which in one case is accompanied by ex- cessive sneezing, coughing and soreness of throat. Breathing an atmosphere laden with formic acid is supposed to be the cause. Another thin-skinned colleague reports a bad case of eruption from handling frames, on account of the propolis. He thinks it is the same affection as what has been styled " resinous eczema, " which has been noticed among railroad hands when engaged in lay- ing ties. Rheiniohe Bienenzeitung. — Herr Cremer calls attention to the fact that to have two colonies in one hive may be disadvantageous, if there is too great a disproportion between the strength of the two. The stronger one may withdraw from the partition at a time when the weaker one is not ready to dis- pense with the assistance of its neighbor's warmth, to which it has adapted the shape of its cluster. La Revue Intebnationale. — The natives of Reunion, an island east of Madagascar, employ the fragrant rush ( Andropogon Schoenanthiis ) to rub inside of the hives for swarms, says Aug. de Villele, a bee- keeper there. But he had always been sceptical of its virtues until one day a swarm which had been shaken off over a hive, and had scattered again, was made to return and enter the hive, merely by violently rubbing ^ turf of the rush between the haods, Queen-cells given the morning after the removal of the queen were never accepted in the experience of L. Matter-Perrin, but always were by first waiting two days. A solution of camphor is the best apif uge, says Ulrich Gubber. Denver, Colo. Oct., 18,18%. ^^^>^^i^^^i'';<^J'^^<:^' Honey Comb— The Impossible and Possible. L. A. ASPINWALL. rnO the scientist 1.' all nature is a labyrinth of beau- tiful object lessons, from which the fab- ric of modern civ- ilization has been framed. With the wise man, we must all agree, that there is nothing new un- der the sun ; and that all human in- invention is anticipated by Nature. But a glimpse of the unknown, and (he possibil- ities of future realities should fill us with enthusiasm and unbounded energy. From the time that curious eyes ^rst looked into the abode of bees, to the present, what progress has achieved. And when we consider that department of Nature's teach- ings, and the requirements necessary to a more perxect control of the honey bee, and which shall be in harmony with her in- stincts, we find much to be accomplished, which is desirable. However, in this paper I shall speak only of and in reference to honey comb. In speaking of it we shall fiud that, as in nature, there is a lack of per- fection. A wormy apple when falling from the tree will occasionally strike one which is sound causing it to fall also. Cylones and tornados uproot trees and devastate the beau ties of nature. God said at the end of his creative work, that it was very good— he did not say it whs pt rfect. The illustration herewith is from a photo- graph of natural comb, in which there are both worker and drone cells. At th© side is THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 333 au inverted qneeu cell, of which I shall speak hereinatter. It is a well kuowu fact that bees when changing from the construction of worker to drone cells, build many which are irreg- ular, both as to shape and size. Such are known as transition cells. Although most of the irregular cells liave six sides: still, a purposes as well as the storage of honey. They are made to accommodate a worker or drone, until the kind of cell decided up- on has been fully reached. So the bees, although the impossible occurs, suffer no loss. However, we find some combs in which the change is made with a greater number of irregular cells than in others, #» 3SSIlS«iB|fffl ^»t* WORKER, DRONE, AND TRANSITION CELLS. few pentagon or live sided ones can be found. To construct comb in which worker and drone cells are contiguous, both of which shall be perfect, is one of the impos- siblies ; even with such skilled artisans as honey bees. In modern hives with a large supering surface, and consequently long frames, the combs are often started at dif- ferent points, which, when joined, cause the worst possible forms of cells, whether the combs be of worker ur drone cells, or both. Such are not, properly speaking, transition cells. Owing to this fac, possibly some of our authors have made mistakes in illustrat- ing them as transition cells. In tall hives, the combs are started from a single point in each range, and transition cells only can be found. It may be well to note that transition oeU3 are all utilized by the bees for breeding which possibly may cause a loss of time in construction. To accommodate the cells for both worker and drone brood, those which are rather under size for the latter, are narrowed at the end or mouth, which enables the queen to discriminate ; and being guided by the size, insures the laying of an impregnated or worker egg. By reference to the illustra- tion such may be seen near the edge of the comb. This work of the bees often leaves quite a few depressions in the comb, and is somewhat destructive to its symmetry and beauty. Another imprefection in honey comb pre- sents itself, which, like the former is so slight that the casual observer would scarce- ly notice it. I refer to the expansion and contraction according to temperature, which compels the beee to do maoh repair- 834 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW. ing during the spring. In early spring it is particularly noticable. The combs can be seen severed from the end bars by reason of the extreme shrinkage, during the cold of winter. As the attachments are small, and and the brood seldom extends to them, there are no coccoons to furnish additional strength, the breakage occurs where the least damage is done, and where the repair can be most readily accomplished, and at a season when the colony has sufficient time for the work. When the temperature is such as to cause the flow of nectar. How beautifully Nature has adapted her imper- fections to the economy of the hive ! Although beeswax is, comparatively speak- ing, a slow conductor of heat, still the ex pansion is great. This is noticable in the cooling of wax after being poured into pans. The shrinkage is about one quarter of an inch to the foot or about twice that of iron castings. Aside from the fact referred to, and the impossibility of overcoming it, wax has in itself that which far transcends the value of any perfect nonconductor and without which no artificial comb can be wholly acceptable to the bees. I refer to it as being impervious to water ; and, as a product of the bees, is in itself more or less acceptable to them in proportion as it is incorporated with other substances. It being impervious to water the food supply as furnished to the larv* cannot be absorbed or lose any of its constituent parts ; and, likewise, honey is wonderfully retained without loss. But withal, the material from which comb is made is so plastic, that the repair work of the colony is most readily accomplished, and when we come to consider the amount of work included under this head it is some- what surprising. What proportion of the combs which have been oeoupiedby a colony for twenty years, are twenty years old 'i Upon examation we shall find that autumn is the season for renovating old comb. Not infrequently the cells are torn down a considerable distance and the accummulations removed, the cells again lengthened, and the regulation depth maintained, so that in reality old combs are practically removed. Of course it is im- possible for the bees to renew the base of ■the cells. A compensation, however, is brought about by lengthening them suffi- ciently to overcome the loss of depth by reason of the larval cast skins which accu- mulate at the bottom. As the abdomen of each maturing bee is tapering and occupies a place at the base of the cell, no amount of accumulation can dwarf them so long as the outer end is renovated and the regulation depth is maintained. Again we see the impossible met by the skill of the bee in the renovating of old combs. In considering the size and depth of cells for meeting the requirements of the queen, t'.ie impossible again presents itself. In a previous article under the head or title of "Artificial Comb, " I stated how the queen was aided in the fecundation of eggs to pro- duce workers by the size of the cells, and, as already shown in this paper, how the transition cells are made to guide the queen in the laying or worker eggs. Referring to the illustration, we will see that the mouth of the inverted queen cell corresponds in size with those of worker cells. In proof, the reader will do well to take measurement from the illustration with a pair dividers ; as a single opening with a narrow edge always appears larger than an aggreagation of them, although the same in size. This is an illustration of the many queen cells I have measured at the time of depositing the egg, and in every instance the mouth measured corresponded with those of work- er cells. Here again we see the worker adapting the size of the cell mouth to meet the requirements of the queen for laying fecundated eggs. After the egg hatches the cell is enlarged to meet the requirements of the embryo quee , and in this respect the work of construction goes on alike both in the regular and forced queen cells, the for- mer being built as the larvte develops and the latter over the larva- originally intended for a worker. Let us now consider the depth of cells, not only from the standpoint of egg laying, but for breeding and storage purposes. It is noteworthy, that worker cells are pri- marily, to retvr worker bees in ; and are en- closures occupying the least possible space, constructed from a given amount of ma- terial. Being constructed to accommodate a worker, the depth is also beautifully adapt- ed to the requirements of the queen. How- ever, the queen can deposit eggs in work- er cells % of an inch deep, being % more than the regulation depth. 1 have proved this many times by using hives containing wooden combs with cells % of an inch in depth exclusively worker size, also with 'I BE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 335 those one half inch iu depth. This, how- ever, seems to be the queeu's limit, as with cells ''j of au iuch deep a few eggs will be deposited attached to the sides of the cell-*. For storage purposes, bees lengthen the cells both of worker and drone comb, and 1 cannot see that drone cells constitute sto- rage comb any more than worker cells, only as the circumstances of a honey tlow and the absence of of brood permit. Certainly more honey is stored in worker than iu drone comb, for the simple reason that it predominates. I have had artificial combs with deep cells beautifully tilled with white clover honey near the center of the brood nest, and it was this experiment that en- abled me to see the possible with a perfect artiticial comb. With artiticial combs hav- ing drone cells about one inch deep, no eggs could be deposited in them: consequently, no queen excluding zinc would be required, no pollen would be stored iu them, and honey of the purest and best alone would be forthcoming. Artificial comb certainly presents to my mind some possible advantage over the natural. Although at present the cost is au insuperable obje^liou to its adoption, still there is a glimmer of something for the fu- ture. Whether the bees can renovate such combs as they become old or whether the construction will be such as to enable the bee-keeper to do it remains to be proven. I need uot allude to my experience with artificial brood combs for the exclusion of drones. I still have a colony living and prospering in such a hive. Having spoken of the impossible in na- tural comb, who of us can predict the pos- sible with artificial comb ? I sometimes look upon the imperfections in nature as given us to improve upon. Cer- tainly our own lives and minds need our best efforts. A retrospective in most branch- es of human alfairs will reveal wonderful progress. How from the wild apple and p'um, ns well as all kinds of fruit, grain, lowls and stock l)ave been produced the highest types of their kind. That which is wanting shows itse.'f in the object lesson, impelling us onward, until that which is seemingly chaos becomes a perfect and practical reality. Jackson, Mich. Nov. 27, 18%. Bee-Keepers' Review. I'UULIHIIKU MONTULY. W. z. HUTCHINSON, Eilllor and Proprleior. J'EHMS :— $1.00 a yoar in advance. Two copiuH $1.90 : three for $2.70 ; tivo for $4.00 ; ton or more, 70 conts oHPh. If it is dosireil to huvo the Reviiw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when HiibHcribiuK. otliiTwise, it will be continued FLINT. MICHIGAN. NOV. 10. 1896. Renewal Offers ! See them at the bo' • torn of page 324. The Southland Queen still keeps up to the front. The November issue has contri- butions from such men as Ph. J. Balden- sperger of France, L. Stachelhausen and T. S. Ford. It*********!!" * THE CANADIAN 0ONTBOVEB8Y. My desire for fair play, and to see every one have a fair show, has allowed the Can- adian coatrovjrsy to be drawn out to a tiresome length, but it has now reached that point where it will soon be little else than a dispute regarding the shortcomings of some one, and I think it better be drop ped. 1 hesitated considerably about pub- lishing the first article, fearing that it might stir up unpleasantness, but I well-knew that there was an urgent need for Home one to speak out. In fact, this " m-^noeavering " of which Mr. Pringle complained, reached such a point at the last meeting of the Asso- ciation that there was held one evening a secret meeting of several of the leading members in which they seriously discussed the advisability of leaving the Association in a body ; but wiser counsels finally prevailed. The Ontario Bee-Keeper's .\s80ciatiou 'is a power for good, as great, probably, as that of any apiarian association in America, and it is a pity that its usefulness should be impaired in the manner that it has. The Review has done its duty in pointing out these drawbacks to the Association's pros- perity, and, also, in permitting those who have beeu criticised tu defend themselves, but it feels that to continue the controver- sy, which has now waudered far from the path in which it started, would lead to no good. 336 THE BZE-KEEPERS R New Inventions, those of an important character, are few and far between in the bee-keping world, and it is likely that they will be. This is an assertion that I made some time ago, and it has afforded my brother journalists an opportunity to give me a pleasant little poke occasionally when it looked as though some improvement was about to be brought forth. I fear my brethren don't use the word important in the same sense that I did. The movable comb hive, the honey extractor, the bellows bee-smoker and comb foundatio-, are im- portaut improvements in bee-keeping indus- try, but, aside from these I don't recall any- thing of a startling nature. The section honey box comes the nearest of anything else to having the right to be put in that class. Perhaps it does belong there. Comb foun- dation began to come into general use in this country some twenty years ago. What really important invention or discovery has been made since ? I don't wish to discour- age people. There have been many minor improvements brought about since the ad- vent of comb foundation. The bee escape, for instance, and it is likely that we will keep on making them, and possibly we will even- tually have something that is really impor- tant : such, for instance as discovering a profitable method of preventing swarming. Go on brethren, I am with you, even for the small improvements, but, honestly, I don't look for anything startling right away. SHAPE AND WEIGHT OF SECTIONS. .\^s most of my readers know, I spent five weeks last fall exhibiting bees and honey at the fairs, going to the State fairs of Mich- igan, Indiana, Wisconsin. Illinois, and Mis- souri. Many of the grocerymen and com- mission men get out to these fairs, and be- ing on the lookout for fine goods in their line are ready to stop and talk with an ex- hibitor of nice honey. I met and talked with them at every fair, and almost without exception the light-weight section is prefer- red. I had no idea that sections were re- tailed " by the piece " to the extent that they are. In wholesaling, and in a jobbing way, honey is sold by weight, but as soon as ii reaches the retailer it is sold by the section. I don't know as there is any deception about it, any more than there is in selling eggs by the dozen. A customer asks : " How much is honey ? " " Fifteen cents, " is the reply. A section is bought, wrapped up and delivered without weighing. The cus- tomer knows it isn't weighed. He sees it and buys it. paying so much for it. Perhaps he thinks he is buying a pound : I can't say as to that. If he has any thoughts on the subject and wishes to know the weight of his purchase he can easily have it weghed. As the retailer buys by the pound and sells by the piece, he, very naturally, wishes to get as many pieces as possible for the money. A thin section, that is, one having a large comb surface, but a thin comb, will appear to contain more honey than a smaller, thicker section. Thin sections, that is, thin combs, are more quickly drawn out, filled and seal- ed over, and are less likely to be bulged or crooked ; in fact they greatly lessen the need for using separators. I know from experi- ence, as I one year used 4,000 sections that were only an inch and one- half in width. They were used without separators. There is another little point right here that per- haps, has not been thought of, viz., that sections filled without separators have a plumper look than those used with separa- tors. The rim of wood standing up around, or above, the surface of the comb gives the section a " lean " look. There is still another point that has been talked about some of late, and that is, that a section of comb higher than it is broad has a more attractive look. It not only looks as though it contained more honey, but it is also handsomer, more pleasing to the eye — more artistic. Gleanings suggests that with the honey on a round plate, a square piece of comb may be more artistic than an oblong shaped comb, which may be true, but the time at which we as producers are most interested is when the consumer is hesitating cs to '* whether he better buy it. " It may not be worth while to change the shape of our sections, but, under present conditions, a section an inch and a half in thickness, about three and a half inches wide and about five inches in height, used without separators, would be the one that would bring the most money. With separa- tors, the width ought to be one and three- fourths, or seven-to-tho-foot. Then there is the question of right and wrong. The whole thing is in line with the making of bottles with the sunken sides and raised bottoms, the bottles being used in selling flavoring extracts, medicines, etc. ; the making of berry boxes with raised bot- toms ; the putting of the largest berries on ''HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 337 top ; " facing " barrels of apples with the best apples ; putting the best sections in a case next the glass : etc. In short it is put- ting the best side out, making your wares just as attractive as you possibly can— »)ut- ting the rosy side of the apple up. If you think it is wrong, don't do it. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. E. E. HASTY. KND SO honey will soak into an agate ( Review 304. ) No wonder then that it soaks into a barrel stave, making the same shrink, and the barrel leak as disagreeable incidents. Doolittle in Progressive 314 notes the two very dififerent stages in the food consump- tion of bees in winter— only a pound a month at first ; but after once becoming uneasy, from five to eight pounds a month. He speaks of this second stage as if the vora- cious appetite was not inevitable, as if the bees could and would restrain themselves if they knew as much about the results as we do. May not this assumption be an impor- tant mistake)? I have some suspicious that it is. Moreover I rather think the deter- mination of the problem worthy of high class experimenters at experiment stations. Do bees in midwinter get stirred up and go to eating ravenously from preventable causes? or is their eating only proportionate to their activity, and their activity an un- avoidable result of what has gone before ? If the former is correct some very little thing, which somebody may discover, may make immense improvement in the condi- tion of our apiaries in spring. If the latter position is the true one we have not much to hope for in this particular direction unless we can change the whole condition and en- vironment of the hive during early winter. It may very probable be that our bees of their own accord prolong their early period of quiet and abstinence just about as long as they possibly can. The AviERicAN Bee-Journal. One way to bring changes into a distinct light is by comparison. Two years agone the A. B. .J. was half sized, and had twice as many pages as now — and wore an air of trying to make matter cover as much space fts possible, It does nqt look that way at present, rather wears the look of trying to crowd in as mnch matter as possible into the available spaco. ( 11 incing through the number for October lH:t4, the editorial de- partment seems the same as now. Dr. Miller's department of (luestions and an- swers seems rather the embryo from which the present one has grown than the same identical thing. Good Dr. Peiro's depart- ment—ah we've missed him this many a day. Wrote the vein out or something. ( Alas for the many who write the vein out, and still don't stop ? ) Close to the Dr. nestled Jennie Atchley— gone also— and her successor in the Southland business is most- ly gone too. Possibly A. B. J. is a little preeminent in the readiness with which its departments kick the bucket and take a downward excursion after McGinty. Three other departments which appear only one year ago are mostly extinct to day. How- ever, the Contiibutoi's and Question-Box and L?tter-Box departments are "allee samee, " and good for another ten years. What's the use of having so many depart- ments anyhow ? Partly, at least, its result is to secure a place for second rate matter which otherwise would be left out. But then I want'era to make a good by speech before dying— sing a dying elegy as it weie ^pull a tombstone over their heads in good form. Why slink away like the backslider, who is never known to say, Good by Lord, when he goes ? The last new department to "enter on life's journey and travel until it stops" is, I believe the botanist's depart- ment of plants to be named. It is conduct- ed by Dr. H. S. Pepoon of Chicago. In A. B. .J. .579 Doolittle treats of the amount of stores a colony needs for winter. I want to extend my hand and shake for the firmness with which he treats the " short store " heretics, of whom I happen to be about the most, extreme one. He fig- ures it right down to this : that the ouly reason for giv.ng 20 i)ounds instead of 1.5 is not the danger of starvation, but the cer- tiiiuty that the.\|will retrench in early spring and raise less brood. The fullest possible lot of early brood is greatly important where the harvest is apt to be early, but where the harvest i pretty sure to be late the need of extra efforts towards early brood- ing disappears. The way seems open for Mr. D. to agree with me that there may be localities where bees can breed up for the harvest on the spring poplars apd .viUows 338 THE BEE-KEEPERS' RE'^ZE and do it more economically than on honey furnished the previous fall. Then in those localities 15 pounds of actual honey is enough. On my part I'll be clever, and come down a cat or two. Won't recom- mend 4 pounds or 5 pounds any more, ex- cept as an alternative a little better than destroying the colony at once. Great Britain has hauled in her horns a long way for the sake of peace, and so must we. I said actual honey, because I am impressed with the idea that many of those who pompously say, "I let my bees have 30 or 3.5 pounds of honey to winter on — 40 sometimes, " really never do anything of the kind. 1 say to such a one, " How many combs are those 40 pounds in, aid where are they lo- cated ? " " Why eight, same as always win- ter and summer. " " Thought so. " He has seen, sometimes, combs filled iii a super, with extra space given them that contained six pounds of honey ; and so he says " ' Six times eight is forty-eight. " Possibly he puts in two pounds more for "stub-shot" and says " My bees have 50 pounds of honey. " He doesn't reflect on the impossibility of getting any such amount into the thin combs of a brood chamber. Let us take an inventory of a hive in the apiary of one of these 35 pound fellows. The two outside combs are indeed pretty heavy, but the average weight of the eight is only 3 pounds each ; total 24. For tare he thinks only of the weight of a new frame of comb : but these are 15 years old. Fifteen years' accumulation of spin- ning and plastering and dirt has made them weigh quite a bit over a pound each — total !> pounds. Two pounds more is pollen ; mak- ing a deduction of 11 pounds to come out of 24. His boasted 35 pounds for winter is 13 pounds of actual honey. Of course I do not say this of such as the Dadants ; who seem to come rightly by their 40 pound tactics. They use very large hives and some big ones got filled with crossed combs, so they couldn't well do else than let the bees keep all they had below. The performance of these hives for several years was better than those from whose lower story part of the honey was taken. A. B. .J. 660. 1 suspect from what I hear that Mr. Doo- little is in error where he says it takes more honey to winter where winter means the time from the middle of October to (he mid- dle of April than it does in the South. A few mouths of mild weather with absolutely no honey flow is a pretty trying experienct., which we at the North know scarce anything about. Elwood says the lack of spring brood in sugar fed colonies has often been observed. A. B. .J. .588. Dr. Gallup gives a case where corn honey was furnished from the silk of the corn, which would make it a true nectar, and not an exudation from under the leaf sheaths, as is more common. A. B. J. Dr. Miller says he likes to have his sections weigh a good deal less than a pound : enough less so no tricky dealer can buy them for what they actually weigh and sell them for a pound each. A. B. J. 614. It is to please the dealer that sections less than a pound are worked for — aud'spects the Dr. will find that the dealer refuses to be pleased the moment the point is reached where nobody will admit that they are pounds. One of the finest examples of " many men of many minds" is found in the answers to Query 29 in A. B. J. 621. A brother with more bees than he wants asks whether to unite this fall or in the spring. " Surely " one might say •' this is such a simple, prac- tical question that the authorities will agree for just once. " But no ; two contrive to split the matter up ; one or more think it bet- ter to murder the poor little critters : and six say next spring. However twelve is a fair majority, and twelve say unite this fall. It strikes me that Adrian Getaz has given us about the best description of paralysis ( A. B. .J. 628) which has yet appeared. Brood probably affected, but only on rare occasions enough so as to be thrown out. Young bees apparently about as usual, but probably not really sound. Later in life some unnatural motions seen. Still later some apparent stiffness and sluggishness. Still later the hairs disappear, and a pol- ished look is noticed. Whenever there is a strong force of young bees not yet much affected they busy themselves at hustling out the more advanced invalids. Paralysis most apparent in the spring because nearly all the bees are old then. Its disappearance later on mainly an illusion, caused by the passing away of the old generation of bees. E. T. Abbot thinks that giving drawn comb to increase the honey crop is pushing quantity at the expense of quality. A. B. J. 542. When hives stand side by side close to- gether on a bench ( as some people still con- ■i^J£ BEE-&EEPERS REVIEW. 3H*l tinue to keep them ) about tlie ouly serious drawback comes in when there is a youtiy queeu ready to go out. Dr. (xallup says post a uotice over her door for a few days at that time, aud she will almost never enter the wrong door. Use an old black hat for one notice, a newspaper for another, add an inflated paper bag for another. A. B. J. CA't. According to an editorial note in A. B. J. (>(>,") the honey-shark firms in Chicago keep multiplying as fast as they are exposed aud broken up. About all that's broken up is the name — same rogues directly get up a new firm. For SOO miles send 8 bees with the queeu ; 11 bees if the weather is at all likely to be cool. For more than son miles, but not to the most distant and difficult corners of the continent, 12 bees in July and August, or 20 for other times. For the rest of the world 30 or 40 bees. Doolittle in A. B. J. (!r>7. The General Round-Up. Dr. Stell who writes on poisonous honey in the Southland Queen for August seems to be rather superservicable in his efforts. Could 't wait for actual honey to test, and so mixed common honey with a decoction of laurel. He made the bees store it after mixing — and then upset his own stomach, and nearly killed a boy with the stuff. " 'Nuff sed, " so far as that kind of poison is concerned : bnt our knowledge of laurel nectar elaborated by bees is hardly enlarged by such crude experiments. Rather inter- esting to see that the bees that stored the Dr's poison for him did not show any symp- toms of V^eing poisoned : but whether such food will kill growing brood or not seems not to have been tested. Laurel is a well known sheep killer; but it seems goats eat it unharmed, and no one has noticed any poi- sonous qualities in their milk. Mules aud donkeys are reported as refusing to eat laurel leaves. Several cases where honey ( presumably laurel ) seemed somewhat poisonous are given (xleanings 637. The "simmer "of our editor's Country Gentleman article on honey to the commis- men is, select the best market and the best man ( especially the best man ) and then trust the whole thing to him. See here Dr. Miller, I'm going to come to the rescue of A. I. Root about that — " And we'll settle on the banku Of the pleasant Oliio. "' 1 lieard the liallad sung in my childliood, and the v/ord picdsiint v/a^iu it all right— and no A. I. Uoot rooting around either. (i leanings for Sept. 1st has a symposium of leading honey dealers. They seem to agree rather better than bee-keepers do at tlio same kind of job. As to shipping case for sections, ouly L' out of 15 mention two story cases now ;aud only 1 gives tliem pref ■ ference. Some others may have intended to include them as a matter of course. For extracted the stiuare '> gallon tin has a fav- orable mention from 12 : and none speak ajaiust it. Seven speak favorably of barrels aud kegs. In some places there is trouble to get rid of barrels, because few purchas- ers want so much at one time. As to size of section, quarter pounds, halves, 2 pound and l^,, pound do not get a single mention. Back numbers already. Pleasant to see that ;? ask for plump weight for either the whole or part of the trade ; and four more do not stipulate for light pounds. The Colorado firm especially think sections should be Iti to 1. Muth bucks hard against the current rules of grading ; and says, not a dealer has the quality he is quoting on as a general thing. Gleanings (138. Yet Muth himself proceeds to suggest five different grades. A little doubtful whether the general market can well carry more than three. Whew I Out of ;>()0 voters in the Califor- nia township where C. H. Dayton lives 81 are bee-keepers— aud they average about itO colonies each, (ileauings (!.'i7. C. C. (ireiner in (xleanings 073 gets at an important problem, in which I take interest as one of the most important to me of any. A swarm is found clustered, atid it is desir- ed to return them, Init where among the hundred and odd hives of the apiary did it come from ? The methods the books give for such a pinch won't work as a general thing. His idea is to take away their queen, or queens, and make them go home them- selves. I have practiced this scarcely at all, on account of the feebleness of my faith as to their going to the right hive. The young bees don't know : aud those that know would rather go somewhere else. My bees when they feel compelled to go some place are apt to goto the hive which was last in a Hurry from any cause, and therefore exhaling odor freely, aud not to their own which is liable to be very quite, cool aud nou-exhalent. Perhaps I'm too mucli of a doubting Thorn- 340 THE BEE-KtJEPERS' HE VIE ^y. as. Greiner first utilizes the tossing method. Toss the swarm about in a shallow box till the queen gets a little frightened and she will usually come to the surface and travel for some place with such a spread eagle gait as to be readily seen. If this fails to work, oriffrom plurality of queens the swarm still refuses to go home, he dumps them down, and puts an empty hive on one side of them and the box on the other side. They crawl both ways, and he has another good chance to find queens. At any rate the swarm is put in two divisions, ^nd one of them is pretty sure to get restless soon and begin to fly. At this point the quiet half- is set in the cellar to make it impossible for the fly- ing bees to join them and they will soon locate a hive in the apiary, which Mr. Grei- ner assumes to be the one the swarm issued from. ( Nice if it was always so. ) Last of all the half in the cellar can be returned also. Richards, Ohio. Nov. 26, 18%, Honey as Food— Why it Should be Eaten. It will be remembered that I have several times referred to the subject of a honey leaflet to use in working up a retail trade in honey, and I have copied several sucli into the Review, and promised to finally write one myself. I have had so much work to do during the latter i)art of the summer and have had so many trials and troubles that I could not bring my mind to it. I expect yet to do something in that line. In the meantime, I wish to copy from the Ameri- can Bee Journal an article by Prof. Cook that touches fully upon the dietic value of honey as a food, showing whii it is more desirable than cane sugar. In a leaflet we could not go so much into detail, nor be quite so scientific about it, but the points brought out should be put into as few words as possible, and yet have the meaning per- fectly clear. The Professor snys : — "There are four kinds of food that are necessary to health and life. These aretiie inorganic elements, like water, salt, phos- phate and carbonate of lime, etc. : the non- nitrogenous organic — so-called because they owe their origin to organic nature, and con- tain no nitrogen— and the nitrogenous. The second class — the non-nit.rogeuous organic — contain oxygen, hydrogen and carbon, illustrated iu starch, the various sugars and the fats. The last class all contain nitrogen, and resemble in many ways the white of an etrg, and so are often called albuminoids. Muscle, white of an egg, cheese, and blood albumen, are illus- trations of the nitrogenous food elements. That we need all of these in our food, is showu iu the fact that we hunger for them if they are not represented, or if they are too scantily represented in our food. Again, milk and egg, which may be regarded as tyoical food, contain all these substances. In this article, we are concerned only with the second class of food principles— the non-nitrogenous organic. Of these, the fats do not interest us at present, although important in all food rations. Bees get their albuminous and fatty food elements in the pollen. We thus have before us now only the starch and sugars. These not only contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon, but always contain the oxygen and hydro- gen in proportion to form water, that is, two atoms of hydrogen to one of oxygen. Thus the formula for strach is CG HIO 0.5, and of water is Hli O. Glucose and Itevulose, the sugars of honey, have the following for- mula. CG H12 OG. From the fact that starch and sugar contain oxygen and hydrogen in proportion to form water, they are called carbo-hydrates. The carbo-hydrates, then, including starch, and all sugars, as cane sug- ar, which includes beet sugar, and maple sugar, milk sugar, and all the glucose or re- ducing sugars, are very important food ele- ments, so important that we are not left, as in case of most foods, to the chance of se- curing them in our food we eat, but the liver is constantly forming liver sugar, which i^ very much like the sugar of honey. The liver, then, is a marvelous chemist, for it Cauda what no human chemist can do — form suorar, though we only eat the purest muscle, like the beef's heart. To change nitrogenous material into carbo-hydrates, is a wonderful transformation, that man has never yet been able to perform. The liver can, and does, do it. I" our early devolop- ment, before the liver is sufficiently formed to be functionally active, a purely pre-natal organ — the placenta — forms sugar. We all know how children long for candy. This longing voices a need, and is another evi- dence of the importance of sugar in our diet. Until a comparatively recent date cane- sugar was unknown, if we except maple sugar, and that must have been a very un- important food article. Thu^, in the olden time honey formed the almost exclusive sugar, and so must have been a very impor- tant substance. We know by the references to it in classic writings, and in the Bible, that it was held in very high regard, as well it might be. for it, with starch, composed the entire stock of carbo-hydrate^ to be drawn upon by the caterer of the olden time, as he worked to satisfy the needs, or, what is about the same thing, the appetites of his patrons. I have been told by some excellent physi- cians that they thought that some of the worst diseases of modern times — especially TilK lit:i<:-KKh:VKRS' liFA'lEW. 341 Bright's disease of the kidneys — was far uiore prevalent than formerly, and they thought it duo to the large cousunjption of caue-sugar. whicli was all uukuown in the long ago. It seems to me that a little study of the subject may explain this, if it be true, and may give us two valuable hints — tiie one, to oat more honey ; the other, to take special I'aius to give children all the honey they wish, and at ev'ery meal-time, in the hofie to lessen the amount of cane-sugar that they will eat. They like and crave su- gar, because they need it to nourisii them, antl so given plenty of sugar in the honey, the need will be met, and the hunger for candy and cane-sugar will he less keen. The digestion of food is simjjly to render it osmotic or capable of being taken through an organic membrane, capable of l>eing ab- sorbed. We eat starch. It is non-osmolic, and would lie in the stomach and intestines indefinitely, except that by digestion it is changed to a glucose-like sugar, which is very osmotic, and so ea^^ily ahsorbetl from the aliment-canal into the blood, ('ane- sugar, though somewhat osmotic, is not readily absorbed, nor is it readily assimila- ted, even though it pass into the blood. Thus cane sugar must be digested or chang- ed to a glucose-like sugar. Bees gather nectar from the flowers, and as they sip it. or draw it. from the flowers, they mingle with it a kind of saliva or fer- ment, from their upper head glands, and the large glands of the thorax, and thus transform it to honey, which contains, al- most exclusively, a reducing sugar, and not eane-sngar. Thus b-^es do to nectar what ■^e do to cane-.mgar — they transform it to a osmotic and assimilable glucose-like sugar. We call this in our case disgestion of the cane-sugar, and it is just the same in case the beesdo it. If any one orefers he may call it " transformation. " In any case, it makes honey a safer food tiiau cane sugar. and we do well to eat in more genM-ally ; and it is especially desirable as food for children. Children should be given all the honey at each meal-time that they wi'l eat. It is safer : will largely do away with the inordin- ate longing for candy and other sweet*, and in lessening the desire will doubtless dimin- ish the amount of cane-sutrar eate . Then if cane-sugar does work mischief with health, the harm may be prevented. There can V)e ro doubt but that in eating honey our disrestive machinery is saved work that it would have to perform if we ate cane-sug- ar : and in case it is over-worked and feeble, this may be just the respite that will save from a break down. Again if cane-sugar is absorbed without change, it will be removed by the kidneys, and may result in their break-down ; and so physicians may be correct in asserting that its large consumption by the l!)th century man. is harmful to the great eliminators — the kidneys — and so a menace to health and long life. It may 'be urged in reply to the above, that honey is a poison to many. This is not the sugar of the honey, but some other ele- ment, very likely the formic acid, or perhaps the extract from the flowers. It seems most likely that the deleterious element is the formic acid added to the sweet by the bee. 'I'his keeps tiie honey from fermeutatiort, and is not harmful to many ; only occasion- ally a person is unable to eat it. " ADVERTISEMENTS PHTENT. WIRED, COMB FOUNDATION HAS NO SAG IN BROOD FRAMES. Tlilii, Flat Bottom Fouiiflatiou HAS NO FISHBONE IN SURPLUS HONEY. HoiiiK the cli'anoHt. it in usuully worked quicker than any fdn. made. J. VAN OKUSKN Jt SONS, (SOLE MANtJFAOTUUEBS), 1-93-tf Sprout Brook, Mont. ('o.,N.Y The L(nul of Hone if. The Italy of America I Send for a copy of the PACIFIC BEK JOURNAL: Sur, E. -ind St., Los Auyeles, California. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CELEBRATED MANDOLINS, Importers of and Wholesale Dealers in all kinds of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE, &11. 813. 815. 817 Eubt 9th St. . New York. FOR ri IITr A little less than a year ago 1 bought rl III I a nice flute, and was making (piite I l«U I L good headway in learning to play when 1 was taken sick. Then came Ivy's illness, and it lias been mouths siii(!e I have touched the instrument As 1 look ahead it seems as though the days, for many more months to come, would n 1 1 r be so full of work that 1 shall not \fll Y have the time for practicing that is UHLLi necessary in order to become a good player. Reluctantly I liave decided to sell the flute. It is an eight-keyed iuritrument of Grenadilla wood, with tuning slide, cork joints, (xerman Silver caps and trimmings, and embouchure, and cost Sl'i.OO. It is put up in a clotli (covered box, embossed in gilt, that cost !Hi cts. i also have an instruction book, " Ber- biguier's Methodfor t lie Flute," that cost f H. 00. The book is a little the worse for wear, but it is " all there. " Yes, and there is a cleaner that cost 2.") cts. The entire outfit cost me a trifle overSIO.OO. but 1 will sell it for $10 00 cash, or 1 would accept Sl2 tK) worth of nice, wtiite ex- tracted honey in exchange for it. W. Z. HITCHINSON, Flint, Mich. 342 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW- Philadelphia Branch of the 1 1. BOOT CO. Order apiarian supplies here and save freight. Wm. A. SELSEB, 10 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. We are paying highest price for pure beeswax. The above cut shows the "HIGGINS- VILLE " Smoker. Fig. 2 shows the nozzle thrown back for filling. This Smoker is made of the best material, is strong and well made, will burn any kind of fuel, and has a very strong draft. |^~ "The 'Higginsville' Smoker is a dandy with a big D " .J. M Morse. Holden. Mo. |^~ Price of smokers, 75c; 3 for $1. SO; by mail add 25c each for postage. Send for catalog of other supplies. The Amateur Bee-Keeper, a book for Be- ginners, 25c each; by mail. 28c. LEAHY MFG. CO., Higginsville, Mo. Please mention the Rt^uiew, Why i is bes of all, and all abou how to make and use 1, in a 22 page pamphle, free on applicaion. UowAuiAc, Mich. Please mention the Reuiew, A fj 11 fy To my customers and friends : I X VJ lA Please remember that W. H. I If if If Laws is again headquarters for Italian queens. 1 breed nothing but large, well-developed queens, either (iolden or Leather-colored. My (iolden strain is from Doolittle's original one hundred dollar yUEEN sent me after he had reared over l.OOt: queens from her. For business and beauty, my bees are unexcelled. Price of queens, each. $1.00 ; six for $4..50. Tested, $1.25. Breeders, $3 to $4. Ad- dress 4 95-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co.. Ark. Please mention the Review. ».»».»'»Fk^^.»*»U»^-"«'*rf^rf»l^ >i«t»U»».»«'*rf«.^^rf«.1i«l^*^U»| BINGHAM BeeSmoker ORIGINAL BINGHAM W Have a WonderHil Record. HAVE LASTED 17 YEARS. \ Best oiiEartli. Slve Perfect Satisfaction. \ My cool Wire Handle and Bent Nose were J patented 1892, are the original, my best in- « vention since my ojjeu or direct draft pat- 's ent in 1878. Tliat revolutionized Bee - Smo- 5 kers. My Handle and Nose Patent bent all • the other smoker noses. None but Bingham 5 Smokers have all the best improvements. \ If you buy -^ rr;=~vjfl--::f[gt genuine J p:.,j^k .j rv. ^, J Smokers J and HONEY KNIVES i'ou will ? never regiet it. The '" Doctor," ^4 inch lar- ; ger than any other smoker on the market— « 3>^ inch stove, by mail $1.50 ' Conqueror, 3 inch stove, by mail, .. .. 1.10 iT Large, 2U 1.00 i Plain, 2 " " " 70 ; Little Wonder, 2 inch, wt. 10 oz .60 i Bingham & Hetherington Honey Knife, .80 3. T. F. BINGHAM. FarweH, MlcH. ^««<«.*«««^^««««««^»<"-i<« ■ «<>>«^*a«<*<'<^*.<*J<'^'! Mutti's :: EY EXTRACTOR pp:rfection Id-Blast Smokers Sqozire 6I2VSS Hopey Jar?, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Cuas. F. Moth & Son Cor. Freeman & ("entral Aves., Cincinnati, O. Send lOc. for Practical Hints to Bee-Keepers. 7-96-tf, Please Mention the Reuieui. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEIV. 343 Violin for Sale. 1 am advertising for tlio woU ku«i\vii manu- fai'turers of musical iiistruinents, Jno. F. Stratton il' Son, of New York, and taking my pay in musical morchaiidisc. I havo now on liand a tine violin outfit consisting of violin, how and easo. Tiio violin is a " Stradiuarius. " Hed, Fiench finish, Ingh polish, antl real ebony trimmings, i)rice $14.00. The bow is of the fin- est snakewood. ebony frog, lined, inlaid I pearl lined dot) pearl lined slide, (ierman silver siiield, ebony screw-heaii, (ierman silver ferules, and pearl dot in the e)id, price $2.l>() The case is wood with curved top. varnishcil, full-lined, with pockets, and furnished with brass hooks, anil handles and lock, price $3 50. This makes the entire outfit worth an even $2(i()0. It is ex- actly tiie same kind of an outfit that my daugh- ter has been using the past year with the best of satisfaction to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more i>owerfnl, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as much. I wisli to sell thisou'fit, and would accept one- half nice, white extracted honey in paymeut, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can be re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. AI« IiONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. 1-96-6 Please mention the Reuieuj. I Names of Bee - Keepers. TYPE WRITTEN. nraccEJBPsraPECECcricGCicPPriPricECiC The names of my customers, and of those ask- ing for sample copies, have been saved and writ- ten in a book. There are several thousand all arranged alphabetically (in the largest States) . and, although this list has been secured at an ex- pense of hundreds of dollars, I would furnish it to my advertisers at S2.00 per thousand names. A manufacturer who wishes for a list of the names of bee-keepers in his own state only, or, possibly, in the adjoining states, can be accom- modated. Any inijuiry in regard to the nninbor of names in a certain state, or states, will be an- swered cheerfully. The former price was 2.50 per 1000, but I now have a type writer, and, by using tlie manifold process, I can furnish them at f 2.00. W.Z.HUTCHINSON, Flint. Mich BEE - KEEPERS' SUPPLY HOUSE J. H. M COOK, 283 Wash. St , N Y. City. [SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue r^ake Youp Own Hives. 3ee ** Keepeps Will save money by usinj,'- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making" their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalog-ue. W.F.& JNO. BARNES CO., :i84 Raby St., Rockford, Ills. 29612 g^ 344 THE B, E-KEEPERS' nEVIEW. WRITE U5 Before ordering yonr sectionR and w£ will give you BOTTOM PRICES on "BOSS'" ONE-PIECE SECIONS, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CKATES and other Supplies. We have everything in tiptop order, and can fill orders on short notice. Let us hear I'rom you for prices. dr. FOt^r^ct^ooK & CO., Jau let, 1894. Watertown, Wis, if the Review is mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former, by raising this journal in the estimation of the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." 'li (TC AA «°°'^ MOTHERS A RARE TREAT FOR YOU ALL. ^^ ri r A Jj.l/U ^°y^ Sampson Suit, with Extra Pair of Pants, for \/ Ih .>J1,« J-1 ^^? ^.^ ^^y EXPRESS CHAROES TO YOUR DOOR. W^* • V RHMEMBER. you buy direct from one of the largest Wholesale Clothing Manufacturers in Americ. and by so doing -you save three Profits. . J'^'^ above mentioned $2.76 Boys Sampson Suit •with Extra Pants is guaranteed to be made from an imported Wool Cheviot, in Jet Black, Dark Blue Oxford Grey and Olive Brown, in sizes from 3 to 9 years of age. They are made up as per cut belov/ in double breasted with Sailor Colbr, braided with wide surtasch Braid, lined with a fast Black Albert Twill Sateen Lining, Trimming and Work- manship throughout the best money can procure. Coat has 2 Side Pockets, a Top and Cash Pocket' Patent Waist Bands used on all Pants, also Pistol Pockets on all Pants. In Sizes from 10 to 15 years of age made up as per opposite cut, Double Breasted with extra Pants at same Price §2.76. Expressage paid to your door. In remitting send ehher Post Office or Express Money Order or Registered Letter and for measure send age of Bey at last Birthday and if large or small for his age FREE TO EVERYBODY our Illustrated Priced Catalogue in which you will find Boys Suits from 98c. up Youths Long Pants Suits from 2,00 up and Mens Suits f-omj otive 2 50 up. I Brown E. R0SE1TBUR6ER & CO., 204 E. \m St., Uew York City THE BEE-KBJKPERS' REVIEW. •.Wo A.A A A A A JW A ^fcj ^ R-i-p-a*n*s Tabules. Disease commonly comes on with slight symptoms, which when neglected increase in extent and gradually grow dangerous. TAKE RIPANS TABULES TAKE RIPANS TABULES TAKE RIPANS TABULES TrKE RIPANS TABULES 1 If you SUFFER FROM HEADACHE, DYS- PEPSIA or INDIGESTION, If you are BILIOUS, CONSTIPATED, or have A DISORDERED LIVER, If your COMPLEXION IS SALLOW, or yoii SUFFER DISTRESS AFTER EATING^ For OFFENSIVE BREATH and ALL DISOR- DERS OF THE STOMACH. . Ripans Tabules act gently but promptly upon the liver, stomach and. intestines ; cleanse the system effectually ; cure dyspepsia, habitual constipation, offensive breath and headache. One 'I'abule taken at the first indication of indigestion, bihousness, dizziness, distress after eating or depression of spirits, will surely and quickly remove the whole difficulty. Ripans Tabules are prepared from a prescription widely used by the best physicians, and are presented in the form most approved by modern science. If given a fair trial Ripans Tabules are an infallible cure ; they contain nothing injurious and are an economical remedy. One gives relief. A box will be sent, postage paid, on receipt of 50 cents by The Ripans Chemical Co,, 10 Spruce Street, New York. (Sample vial, 10 cents.) ^ I ONE B» GIVES ff RELIEF 4 Local Druggists everywhere will supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. > Tliey arc Easy to TaKt' ^ Quirk lo \vt and Save jr many a Doctor's BUI. ||i ■nfc■^illv^fl^fL^^^^^^^^^tt^fVL^^^%f.^^^^l^>^J^^f^^^^l^^J^^pt^^i ^ 346 THE BEE-KEEPElci3 i-... . — ^' "^ DADANT'S FOUNDATION '^ ■ BY THE NEW WEED PROCESS ■ Has no superior because it is made in the best i)OSsible manner, upon the best I machines, and from the best wax — that from which all foreign substances, such f as pollen, bee glue, dirt, iron from boilers, burnt wax and Foot have been removed; and that, too, without the use of acids. These foreign matters make the foundation offensive to the bees and decrease its tenacity. Every inch of foundation is guar- anteed to be equal to the sample which will be sent upon application. LANGSTROTH ON THE HONEY BEE, Revised, Smokers, Sections, Tin Pails, and other Supplies. Send for Circular. (JHAS. DADANT & SOU, HamiltOII, IIIS. 4-96-l2t Please mention the Review. \ i POUDER'S HONEY JARS, Beautiful, Accurate and Cheap. The trade supplied. Bee Supplies; Root's goods at Root's prices and the beet ship- ping point in the country. Write for prices. WALTER S. POUDER. 195.121 Indianapolis, Ind. Please mention the Review. — If you wish the best, low-dprice — TYRE - WRITER. Write to the editor of the Review. He has an Odell, taken in payment for advertising, and he would be pleased to send descriptive circulars or to correspond with any one thinking of buy- ing such a machine. KANSAS Bee - Keepers, save freight by buying supplies of Henry L. Miller, (successor to Miller & Dunham) Topeka, Kan. Write for catalogue, also free copy of his pa- per the RURAL. KANSAN - :^h»u{ Roes, Horticulture, Poultry, Live Stock, Tlie Home, etc. Please mention the Reuieiv. Great Reduction N PRICES. Root's No. 1, Polished Sections at ^'2.r>0 for 1,000; 2,000 for p.fiO ; 3,000 for ;i|;(;.4r) ; .^),000 for $10.00. New, Weed-Process Foun- dation, three ots. less per lb. than prices given on page 14 of my catalog. ivi. H. HUNT, .5-i)t:-tf Bell Branch, Mich. If You Wish Neat, Artistic Have it Doqe at the Review. 1 liave several hundred QUEEN CAGES t)f different styles and sizes, made by C W. i'ostellow, and I should be pleased to send sam- ples and prices to any intending to buy cages. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. The Southland Oueen. You ought to know what you are missing, by not reading the Southland Queen, the only bee- journal published in the south, and the only uee keepers' school known is tanirht through its commns by that WORLD RENOWNED teacher Mrs. Jennie Atchley. How to raise queens, bees and honey, and in fact how to make bee-keep- ing a success is taught in the school. One sin- gle copy is worth more to beginners than the subscription price for a year, $1.00. A steam hoe-tiive factory, and all liee-supplies. You all know where to make arrangements for your q-ueens and bees for '96. If you don't, send to us for a free ctitalon, tliHt tells all al)out queen rearing, and a sanmlo .journal. THE JENNIE ATGHLEY CO., 12-f'.")-tf Heeville, Bee Co. Texas W. H. BRIGHT'S CIRCULAR FOR ksU'i, describes every thing neetled in the apiary. Bees, queens, hives, sec- tions, spraying pumps and Brigld's comb foun- dation, sold at bottom prices. Send for one WM. H. BRIGHT, l-a")-12t Mazeppa, Minn. I'HE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 34' Bees Scooped ! 1 Imvn at last succeeiled in huying all *ho bees within 2Hi miles of my liomc apiary, except fivi' folouics, and tliese I have I talianizeil and have pormiHsion to control tluMi- drones. Tliin prac- tically Kives mo a clear ticld for breeding; pun- Italian qneeus. 1 liavo liad t)ver twenty years' exiM-rienco in breeding and experimentinR witli Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for business" from my (»wn importations and Doo little's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a sift. One colony of Italians iu single story, S-f ratne, I). T. hive, $6. (X); .t colonies, $27. TiO ; Ut colonies, S-iOOt): one frame nucleus, $l,r(); two frame, $1.75. Select the (jiieen wanted and add price to the above. During March and April, one tested .lie>'i, 2.110. Select tested queen. $3 00. .\fter May 1st. one tested qneen. $1 .50; a for$4.tH»; 6 for $7 r)0 ; select tested, $2 ."id. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their beintr reared, one for $1 00 ; 'i for a!2.2.") ; G for $4 IH) ; 12 f*»rSt5 7.T. I have over UXi tested r untested Italian (pieens on reason- able terms. 2-95 12 JOHN A\. DAVIS, spring Hill. Maary ('o., Tenn. An extra fine grade of comB-HOHEY. Any one wishing something very nice in White ("lover or Basswood, Ccyiib or exsracted honey, for exhibition, t; pages ). The T. W, FHl^CONER JVl'FO CO., Jamestown, N. V. JOHN F. STRATTON'S CbLhBKATED Birmingham SteelStrings ^^ lor Violin, Guitar, Mandolin. Banjo liV- 1 in.^t Made. Extra HIated. riAH MAT Warranted not to rust. SendforCatIg JOHN F. STRATTON, Imptrter, Manufacturer and Wholesale Dealer' 811.81:!. 815, 817 E. 9th St., N. Y. Please mtntion the Review. I f > ui 1 arc pToin^ to- BUY A BUZZ -SAW, write to the editor of the Kkvikw. He has a new Barnes saw to sell and would be glad to make you happy by telling you the price at which he would sell it. Supplies Cheap. Mr. L. B. Bell, formerly of Brecksville, Ohio, lias accented a permanent position in .\rizona, and wishes to dispose of his apiarian fixtures. He wrote to me about it, and 1 told him if Ije wouhl have them shipped to me I would sell them for him on commission. Here is a list of the articles and the i>rice at which they are offered. 1 Barnes Saw 820.00 1 Fdn. Mill ( 6 in Pelham i Tank and dip- ping boards 600 4 M. Sections ((i. H, Lewis & Co. Cream Standard 4.00 1 Daisy Fde. Fastener 50 1 Coil Wire... 60 1 Expansion Bit l-OO 61 Section Cases ( Wide Frame and tin sep- arators at 25 100 Brood Cases I New Heddon ) at 25 G^^ Covers at 15 5i? Bottom Boards at 10 ?,:i Honey Boards, Queen excluding at 15 2 Escape Hoards at .25 30 Escapes at 15 7 Hubbard Section Press 1.25 .\11 of the above are in my possession and can be shipped promptly. The hives and cases are well-made and nicely painted, and having been in useoidy two or three seasons are practically as good as new. The combs are in wired frames and are all straight and nice. Anyone wishing to buy anything out of this lot can learn fuller particulars upon inquiry. W. Z. HUTCHINSON, Flint, Mich. 348 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REV it!. W. WIM^^m^MSS^MMMSM^MMU^^SMMM S |!\i- I ^f^/^sE 8(^05. a[>d |^flQ\lEr pi/^ffOS! Bay Direct ai^d 52v/e Dealers' profits apd "!»■:;•■ j^^epts' C^omrnissioQS. *;;:: ■mi} >??^ *:•*. Jv Muskegon, : Mich. Chicago, Illinois. V :».•:•• ;.:•• ;.:. ;.:.• •.:,• •.:.• ;.:.• •.:,• •.-:. ;.:,• •.:.• ;►..:,• •. • • •••^ •" • •• • •••• •••• •• • ••.. •• ••• ••»•.• ••••••.•■ DEC, 1896. Year 350 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW- ADVEJ^TISIflG t^ATES. All advertisements will be inserted at the rate of 15 cents per line, Nonpareil space, each in- sertion : 12 lines of Nonpareil space make linch. Discounts -will be given as follows : Ou 10 lines and upwards, 8 times, 5 per cent ; 6 times, 15 per cent ; 9 times. 25 per cent ; 12 times, 35 per cent. On 20 lines and upwards, 3 times. 10 percent ; 6 times, 20 per cent ; 9 times, 80 per cent ; 15 times, 40 per cent. On HO lines and upwards, 3 times, 20 per cent; 6 times, 30 per cent ; 9 times, 40 per cent ; 12 times, 50 per cent. 51.75 1.75 1.75 1.35 1.40 Clubbing Liist. 1 will send the Review with— Gleanings, (Dew) (J1.00). American Bee Journal (new) ( l.io). Canadian Beo Journal ( 1.00) . Progressive Bee Keeper ( .50) . American Bee Keeper ( .50) The Southland Queea i 1.00 1 1 75 Ohio Fwrmer ( l.UO) ... 175 Farm .Journal (Phila. I ( .5') 1.10 Farm Poultry. (1.00) .. .1.75 Ruial New Yorker . . ..( 1.00) ... 1.85 Frnk Leslie's Popular Monthly. I 3.U0) . .8.50 The ( ^euturv ( 4.0 GIVES < &» RELIEF ^ Local Druggists everywhere wiU supply the Tab- ules if requested to do so. They are Easy to Take Qiiiek to Aet and §ave many a Doetor'») Bill. ^F'W^y vyy^f^f ^y V^^f ^tf «u>if ^f V^^f *lf V^jyjyjy^f "y i I'HE BEE-KEEPERS REVIEW. 353 Buy Mo Incubator ^n mnintoB attention a day. We won FIRST PRIZE WORLD'S FAIRf and will win yi.u lur a steady cum- toiner if you will only hup ours on trial. Our large catalot,'ue will cost you 5 cents and Kive you 5100 worth of practical iufonnation on poultry and iiicubat*)rs. and the money tl'.ere is in the business l^hine for Brt)oders, Houses, etc. 2.i. N. B. Send iis the names of three persons interested in poultry and 2ii 5 cents and we will send you '■ The Bicycle : 1 Its Care and Repair " a hook of 180 subjects 1 and SO illustrations, worth J'), to any bicycle i rider. t voyn cuLiys iwcucator c^., 4 10.!l6-7t Box l.')U Ueleware City, Del. Bees Scooped ! 1 have at last succeeded in buying all ♦ho bees within 2J^ miles of my home apiary, except five colonies, and these 1 have Italianized and have permission to control their drones. This prac- tically gives me a clear field for breeding pure Italian queens. I have had over twenty years' experience in breeding and experimenting with Italian queens and bees, and 1 now breed "for business" from my own importations and Doo- little's " Best." Poor stock is costly as a gift. One colony of Italians in single story, S-frame, I). T. hive, $6.00; .5 colonies, $27.50 ; lOcolonies, $50.00: one frame niuMens, $1,00; two frame, $1.75. Select tlie (Hicen wanted and add price to the above. Duriu;,' Marcli and April, one tested qae^Q. 2.00. Select tested (lueen. $3 00. After May Ist, one tested (|ueen. $1 .50; 8 for $1.00; 6 for $7 .50; select tested, $2 .50. Untested queens as early as the season will permit of their being reared, one for $1 00; :i for $2.25; 6 for $4 00; 12 for$t).75. I have over UK) tested queens reared last summer and fall that will be taken from full colonies to fill extra early orders. Contracts for hybrid and black bees in quan- tities solicited, and if desired will furnish them with tested or untested Italian queens on reason- able terms. 2-95 12 JOHN A\. DAVIS, ^ Spring Hill, Maary Co., Tonn. OLD AND YOUNG, grave and gay ; in fact all who read delight in Outing, The Athlete is always kept posted on the doings in the gymnasium and on the campus. Cyclists enjoy the ■wheeling s'-ietches and tlic current nev7S of cycledoiti. Sportsmen arc alv/ays in- formed on the favorite haun*. s of all kinds of gainc, and are interested in tho cnporicncc of thoir fallow sports;; Yachtsnzi 11 r-rc made acquainted with all kinds of craft and are treated to many exciting races and jolly cruises. Lovers of travel arc given a glimpse of lands afar, and those fond of ad- nlure do not want for accounts of hairbreadth es- pcG. The Horseman, the Canocict, the Amateur Thotogra- phcr, all find their favorite pastime treated by a master hand. THERE IS FICTION FOR ALL Busy Men and Women, it is full of rest and relaxation. Students, it is always pleasant company between study liours. .Scivl -J Ltjiit itanip for samp'..-. THE OUTING PUB. CO., 239 Fifth Avenue, New York. 354 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW- \ M \ i i i For every new subscription with $1.00 for '■, f i R liflf?GE BOOK Ft^EE! Gleanings in Bee Cultupe We will send a book, by A. I. Root, containing 11)0 pages, size GJ.j x 'J entitled " What to Do, and Houi to be Happy While Doing It. postpaid. This work is intended to solve the problem of finding occupatiou for those scattered over our land, out of employment. The sug- gestions are principally about finding employ- ment around your own homes. The book is mainly upon marketing-gardening, fruit culture, poultry-raising, etc. The regular price of this work alone is ,50 cents. THE A. I. ROOT CO., Medina, Ohio. Expert Bee-Keepers should keep posted by reading a paper that is full of improve- ments, expects great apicultural inventions, and gives them to the public, Such a paper is the PEicific Bee-JouroEvl of Los Angeles, Calilornia. With the new year this paper will be an illustrated monthly at 81.00 a year. Special offer of 50 cents a year if paid before January 1897. 10-96-tf cfp^s Honey as Fool and Medicine "^^ To every new .subscriber to the .Vmerk'an Bee .Journal for 1897, at .'81.00, we will mail free 25 copies of "Hoaey as Food and Medicine "'—a 32-pagQ pamphlet giving recipes for the use of honey ns a food and as a medicine. It is a tine thing to help create a home market. Tlie 2.5 pam- phlets alone will be sent for 75 cents. Wc will also throw in the December numbers of the Bee Journal t.i new subscribers Sample copy free. GEO. VV. YORK & CO., 118 Mich. St., Chicago, 111. i j>4 Prompt renewals are very desirable, anil for that reaat)n 1 make the following offers. ,, # I" ■A For $1.25 I will send the Review for 1?97, and the book, " Advanced Bee Culture; " or, in ^;* ■A place of the book, 12 back Nos. of the Review. For $1.75 I wjU send the Review and a fine, i ■'/'■ tested, Italian Queen— queen to be sent early in the season of 1897, For $'2.75, the Review i 'A and 1,000 No. 1, first class, one- piece sections. Also see the clubbing rates on page 3ij0 and ■'A the clubbing offer with books as given on page 382. w. z. hutchinso.v, Flint, inwh e (5)ee- \ eepeps' jAe\^ieL). A MONTHLY JOURNAL Devoted to tl^e Interests of HoiqeLj Producers. $L00 A YEAR. W. Z. HDTCHiNSON, Editor and Proprietor. VOL IX. FLINT, MICHIGAN, DEC, 10, 1896, NO. 12. AV'ork at ISd^icliigan's Experirtiental ^piarv. K. L. TAYLOK, APIAKIST. THE HIVE. T HAVE found i myself willing to write upon the well-worn topic of the bee-hive, because there is perhaps no point relating to bee- keeping about which I am asked so many ques- tions as this. It is well to un- derstand that the bees themselves are not much concerned about the characteristics of their hive, they will make as much honey, other things being equal, in a shoe-bos or a nail- keg as in a hive of the latest pattern or patent. So the form of the hive is a mere question of convenience to the apiarist. He may shape it so as best to secure the object he has in view. But bee-keepers have many objects, so hives are wanted 1, for catching moths ; 2, for pleasure ; 3, for preventing swarming ; 4, for producing bees ; .5, for wintering bees : <3, for rearing queens ; 7, for producing extracted honey ; S, for pro- ducing comb honey. Fortunately, a different kind of hive is not required for each of these objects ; if a hive is to be selected for one object, an eye may be had also to points calculated to se- cure other objects that are subsidiary and yet necessarv to the full attainment of the main one, thus, whatever the main object, the hive must be such that it will prove as little fatal to the bees in winter time as possible. Still, no particular hive is likely to prove the best for all purposes. The numbers of those who delight in hives simply on account of their moth catching qualities are of course small, but as there are some whose chief pleasure and occupa- tion in life is to tame mosquitoes and train fleas to perform tricks, we are not to be sur- prised that there are some whose chief con- sideration it is to trap wax moths. It might be well if all of that type of bee-keepers were confined to moth trapping. To be classed with these are those who keep bees and select hives for pleasure only; not that they are equally eccentric, but be- cause the prescribing of hives for each of these two classes is alike outside the lines of apiculture proper. Intermediate between these two classes and those that have an eye strictly to finan- cial returns are those who are intensely in- terested in non-swarming, producing bees b56 THE BkE-KEkPERS' REVIEW. and in wintering bees. I call these inter- mediate because a part of each class is so passionately absorbed in inventing or other- wise securing or in testing a hive specifi- cally adapted to the attainment of one these ends that all interest in the primary objects of bee culture are so lost that they fade out of view, ( who has not met those who are in ecstacies over their large or frequent swarms, yet who either forget to put on the surplus boxes or to take them cff ) while the other part make these objects more or less sub- sidiary to the attainment of the proper re- wards of bee keeping. • The first part of these classes must be relegated to a place with those who are pursuing pleasure and moths ; with the hope, nevertheless, that by chance some device may be hit upon by them sometime that will be found worthy to be incorporatedjinto the mass of real value to apiculture while the latter part will re- ceive such brief attention in connection with hives for honey production as the lim- its of this paper will permit. While queen rearing is a legitimate de- partment of l:)ee-keepi ng, yet the character- istics of the hive best adapted to that branch is only of special interest to so few that I would not be warranted in taking time on the topic, even if I could hope to make any valuable suggestion touching it. The hive in use for other purposes will generally be for ud sufficiently serviceable for this. rhis brings me to the important point of tnis subject, the hive best adapted to the production of honey. I confine myself to a discussion of the brood chamber and that chiefly in relation to general principles. The successful production of honey is the one overshadowing object of apiculture, and to this in my estimation all others ought to be made unhesitatingly to bow. For my use. at least, there are certain qualities which a hive for this purpose must not possess. 1, It must not be expensive. Fifteen or twenty cents should purchase lumber enough of sulficiently good quality for body, cover and bottom. Lumber called "shipping culls, " of white pine, is good enough for the body and a grade or two better will do for covers and bottoms, if the best of it is se- lected for covers. The apiarist must not be be seduced by one or two good crops into failure in point of economy. 2, It must not be cumbersome. Its bulk and weight should be as small a= may be, loose parts and projections should be avoid- ed except where that is impossible. A hive that cannot be handled easily by one man when it contains a colony ot bees with stores enough for winter is, as a rule, to be shun- ned. There may be an exception where the hive is seldom or never to be moved sum- mer or winter. Even the risk of the dis- placements of the combs would, I think, better beobivated by fixed frames. 3, It must not be complicated. Slides, drawers and such like traps never work well inside of a box occupied by bees, and if they would, they could hardly accomplish anything which may not be more easily attained by simplicity. Besides these negative points there are, in my view, some positive qualities to be sought for in any hive at all well calculated tor an apiary to be conducted for the highest net profit. The first and most important of these is that the hive be fitted to conven- iently repress the production of bees that can only detract from the net income. No doubt there are localities where, on account of the continuous character of the honey flow, or from the fact that the late crop is abundant and equally valuable, or nearly so. pound for pound, with that of the early crop, this matter may not require consider- ation, but in localities like central Michi- gan where the .Tune and early .July honey from white clover and basswood is nearly twice as valuable pound for pound as that gathered in the fall : and where the fall crop is generally scant or entirely wanting, and in any case a period of thirty or forty days of entire dearth between basswood and fall flowers, it is of the flrst importance. I have heretofore attempted to show, and have, at least, about convinced myself that it costs two lbs. of honey to rear one pound of brood, and that as a Langstroth frame is capable of containing two pounds of brood, therefore, I hold that one such frame of brood costs four pounds of honey. More- over, it needs no argument to show that five such frames will contain sufficient brood to keep the colony up to the highest strength desireablein this locality for fall and winter purposes. Suppose now the clover and basswood season here, any given year, July inth, i. is evident, since it requires thirty-five days from the laying of THE BEE-KEF.PERS' REVIEW, the egf? to mature a tieUl worker, that all egga laid iu any colony in excess of the num- ber required to keep comb to the extent of five L. frames supplied with brood can pro- duce no bees that will prove of any practi- cal utility. During these thirty-five days— the height of the season — average queens if allowed room, will keep eight frames tilled with brood, and as it is for nearly one and three-fourths generations, the total excess over the requireil live frames would amount to about five frames during the thirty-live days at an expense of twenty pounds of hon- ey or in an apinry of one hundred colonies a matter of ?5. '(H) to $250. If space permitted it would bo r Hsy to mention one or two other items that would make the amount consid- erably niuic It would be comparatively easy to sele<-C a hive that would secure the repression, if it were permissible at no time of th3 year to allow more than live L. frames of brood, but it is just as imperative that every cell possible be used previous to June 10th as that unnecessary brood should be prevented after that date. The selection of a hive must be made, therefore, first, with reference to the earlier period. In the production of extracted honey the size of the hive during this period would not be very material, as honey in combs at the side of the brood nest would be about as valuable as that in combs above it, but for the production of comb honey it should be of such size as to give as nearly as possible merely room for the brood and thus secure the storing of the honey in the sections where it will be of double value. In this locality only a small proportion of colonies would occupy more than eight L. frames with brood prior to June 10th, so I deem a hive of greater capacity than that objection- able for the production of comb honey, if the field were lightly ,-tocked with bees so that as large an increase as possible were desirable for the gathering of the crop, each queen could be given abundant room for the display of her powers by exchanging combs between the stronger and weaker colonies. This line of thought would seem to fix our choice of hives on the eight frame Langstroth, but it has points which fail to give satisfaction when it is proposed to put contraction in force, about June 10th. Still this contraction, which, in practice, is large- ly confined to swarms, can be accomplished with this hive by removing three of the frames and filling the vacant space with dummies. This accomplishes the desired contraction but it also contracts the upper surface of the brood nest. This is not de- sirable, since, for the best work in the sec- tions, it is necessary that the heat and the aroma of the brood nest should ascend free- ly to all parts of tlie section case. At this point I am sometimes moved to pray those who are so sure they can breed the swarming instinct out of the bees, to breed out also the disposition to build combs perpendicularly and bring them to build their combs horizontally. With this accom- plished we would have the perfection hive indeed — simply frames piled horizontally on the top of one another with the ability to make its capacity suit the colony or the apiarist by simply removing or adding frames without in any way affecting the de- sirable (lualities of the hive. If this should fail will some one give us a hive composed of sections about three inches in depth which may readily be placed one above another without bee-spaces between them and yet without crushing bees. I want them so they could be easily furnished with foundation for the combs but I would not care to have the combs movable. In the absence of this we have as the nearest approach to it the Heddon hive with sections approaching six inches in depth. The sections have bee spaces but the spaces are not undesirable when the sections are of that depth. As each section of this hive has the capacity of five L. frames it answers excellently for the purposes of contraction but for most colo- nies previous to the period of contraction, one section is too small, and two are too large to satisfy me fully. I am sometimes inclined to think that if a portion of the sections were of the depth of about three inches they could be conbined with the others in a more satisfactory way. Without entering into further details I have sufficiently indicated the characteristics which I think the hive to be adopted should possess so let it suffice to say that either of the hives indicated will answer equally well, with any other, all the other legitimate ends of the apiarist. Lapeek, Mich. Dec. 11, 189G. dm THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVZ]R Honey Comb Construction. L. A. ASPINWALL. " In works of labor and of skill 1 would be busy too. " TN my November 1 article I treated the subject of hou- ey comb relative to the i m possible which presented it- self, of its adapta- bility to the re- quirements of the queen as well as the workers. In this paper I shall speak of its con- struction. Altnough much has been written to elucidate the subject, still there are add'- tional facts which are exceedingly interest- ing to the student in bee-culture. It is. however, generally understood that wax is a natural secretion of the worker bees, resulting from a gorged condition. The food consumed to produce this condi- tion is also generally understood to be hon- ey or saccharine juices with a certain pro- portion of water. The proportions are not known, and from a practical standpoint is unimportant, as the water is usually obtain- able in great abundance. However, the importance of knowing the exact amount of honey consumed to produce a pound of wax, is great in this age of that high priced com- odity. It has been variously estimated, that from ten to twenty pounds of honey is required to produce a pound of wax. In this matter of obtaining such variable results we should take into consideration that temperature is an important factor in the matter of secre- tion, a high temperature being most favora- ble to economic results. This is in harmony with the general arrangement as it naturally takes place. Warm weather being necessary for the secretion of honey ; and with the cir- cumstance of honey gathering, wax secre- tion, invariably takes place when additional cell room is required. Langstroth in his work, page 7;5, refering to it says — " It is an interesting fact which seems hitherto to have escaped notice, that honey gathering and comb building go on simultaneously; so that when one stops the other stops also. As soon as the honey harvest begins to fail, so that consumption is in advance of pro- duction, the bees cease building new comb, even though large portions of their hive are unfilled. When honey no longer abounds in the fields, it is wisely ordered that they should not consume, in comb building, the treasures for winter use. " I shall here endeavor to show that while honey gathering and comb building go on simultaneously, that, wax secretion is im- perative, and that it never takes place until all available cells are tilled to an extent con- sistent with the evaporation of moisture contained in the honey. All repair work of the hive requiring wax is made at the ex- pense of other portions of the comb, as is invariable indicated by the color, as, also, are queen cells, which always correspond in shade with the comb upon which they are built. Cheshire speaks of them as being made of refuse. The rounded edges of the cells upon the great comb surface of the hive are ample for all this work. Prof Cook alludes to the fact, that during the height of honey gathering, wax scales can be found upon the workers when visit- ing the flowers, Page 152 Bee Keepet's Guide. He also states that when the sections and brood chamber are filled with foundation, it is difficult to find any bees bearing wax scales. Let us consider for a moment, the circum- stances of wax secretion. With empty cells, comb extension is unnecessary, whether it be for breeding purposes, or the storage of honey. But with a good honey flow, and all available cells filled, the returning honey gatherers transfer their loads to the middle aged bees, which, being unable to disgorge themselves, naturally secrete wax for comb extension. Under such circumstances, most careful observers have noticed how, towards the close of day, when the honey yield has been exceptionally good, that be- cause of the gorged condition of every available wax secreting bee, the old honey gatherers have been compelled to loll around the hive entrance with their heavy burdens. Under such pressure, they can be found in the fields, after a period of twenty-four hours, bearing wax scales, notwithstanding its secretion is confined chiefly to to the mid- dle aged bees. Under these circumstances we can readily see how the cells, being va- cated by maturing bees, are rapidly filled with honey to the exclusion of brood. VV^e are guided by this compulsory condition as THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 359 indicated by the whitened ends of the cell?, in putting on sections. This teaches us the importance of furnishing an abundance of room for the storage of honey, also to in- dulge freely in the use of comb foundation. to detect the bee in her methods, that hor- nets or wasps, still we can credit her with more than an equal amount of skill. When we consider that the cell walls in the nests of the hornet and wasp, are con- BEE8 SECKETING WAX AND BUITjDING OOMB. In addition to temperature, we have another factor in wax secretion which should not pass unnoticed. I refer to the immuni- ty from other duties. All have noticed with what alacrity comb building is carried on by the newly hived swarm previous to ex- tended brood rearing. With a high temper- ature and perfect immunity from other duties, wax secretion is carried on most economically. Having considered the source of the mate- rial from which comb is built , let us glance at the construction. Although some have accounted for the hexagonal form of cells on the soap bubble theory— that it is due to mutual pressure — I shall express myself in favor of unparalleled skill on the part of the hooey be«. Althoiagh it is more diflQCult structed by mechanical skill, the analogy should teach us of a like method. Often- times I have watched hornets and wasps in extending the walls of their domicils, and found the thickness and extension were accomplished alike by both. They are na- ture's paper makers : the material being ob- tained from the weather beaten surface of wood. In extending the cell walls they apply pulp to the edges, placing their man- dibles so as to take the wall between them, thus attaching the plastic material and drawing it out until the proper thickness is attained. The mud wasp also builds her nest in like manner. The construction of comb from wax in- volves a higher temperature, and in conse- queuce an increaeed number of bees which 360 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REViujW. greatly interfere? with close inspection. As yet I have been unable to fully detect the bee in her work of cell building. However, I do not believe that much if any excavating* is done. Possibly some scraping is done where the cells are attached to the top and ends of the frames. But there we find the work much heavier, which is a necessity in attachment cells. When compulsory, some excavating is done. We have an illustration in comb foundation ; but the vvork is far from being complete, as is evident to all who have eaten comb honey in which the founda- tion has been heavy or poor. Building thick walls and reducing them to a proper thick- ness by scraping or excavating would tend to weaken the structure. It is contrary to correct mechanical principles of working ; in fact, it would be performing a two-fold operation, and showing inferior skill to that of wasps and hornets. ItWith cell walls 1 180th of an inch in thick- ness, what guide, either instinctively or otherwise, has the bee to maintain such a delicate and uniform thickness, which shall be thoroughly cohesive, if dependent upon the excavating process. The mandibles of the bee are so beautifully shaped and adapted to the work of welding wax particles to the cell walls, also for measuring an exact thickness, that in absence of positive evi- dence, I am inclined to accept the teachings by analogy in the workings of wasps and hornets. New comb in its whiteness and beauty is the admiration of all, but to the thoughtful, intelligent student in bee culture, as in other departments of nature's teachings, comes a revtlation of beauty and wonder which far transcends our highest concep- tions. How is this beautiful structure fram- ed in the uniformity of its measurements, both as to the depth of cells, and the angles of their base ; also their diameters, differ- ing in drone and worker cells ? We know that birds build their nests in conformity to their size, being guided by instinct in arranging the materials. But here we encounter a difficulty — the same sized bees construct cells which are different in their respective diameters ; and which are not in conformity to their size. Were the cells alike in diameter we might be able to account for it by the size of the bee and her functionary parts employed in its con- struction. Whatever may be her method of obtaining correct results, we know that as the bird in building her nest instinctively arranges the twigs with a mechanical skill, so the bee is certainly guided by a similar instinct. The same question naturally arises in reference to the distance between the ranges of comb, and by what rule they build them parallel with each other. Where no guides are furnished, we find the combs averaging about 1^2 inches from center to center. The distance is somewhat variable, as is also the size of cells. But some one may ask, what is the practical value of such knowledge ? There is much in modern bee culture thoroughly practical, which to our forefathers would have been only an addition to their store of knowledge. I re- fer to our comprehension of the laws in ref- erence to breeding, by which queen rearing has assumed such extensive proportions. So also the microscope which at first was but a novelty for the curious observer, has been improved, and is now a recognized means of discovering disease germs, not only in the human family, but also in the bee world. .Jaokson, Mich. Dec. 12, 1896. M' Winter Work. WILDER GKAHAME. OT long ago I was taught a wholesome lesson by a master carpenter that will, 1 1' ink, bear repeating in these columns. He was a man noted for his rapid as well as thorough work and I only secured his ser- vices by offering him the highest wages. Imagine my disgust on going out to the shop some time after he began work to find noth- ing done and my crack workman stepping about, square in hand, but really doing little or nothing. A few hours later I went out again and found my man at work but was still disap- pointed. Instead of the rapid motions I had anticipated every move was slow, deliberate, — anything but what I had pictured of the swift workman. Day after day this continued and I was more than once inclined to be dissatisfied. But it was not long until I noticed that the work itself was progressing finely and the job was done a full week before I had in- tended. Now for the lesson. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 361 When the man first began, without at- tempting to make any sliow of work, he studied the situation until he under- stood the job thoroughly ; knew just how every piece should be cut, what lumber he had to cut them from and what pieces could be cut from each board to best advantage. The first few hours, in fact, he did nothing but think. From that time on he did noth- ing but work. From first to last he never hesitated and I never saw him make an un- necessary move. It was all without bustle and without mistakes. His carefully arranged plans had saved days on a few weeks' job. He never looked for a tool or a board. He knew where it was with out looking : not only that, but, so perfectly had he mapped out his course that without an extra step he was almost always able to lay a tool down on the spot where he would next want it. I wonder if a season of such carefully planned work might not be of advantage and if the winter season might not be a good time to arrange the plan and the tools. As prices on honey or anything else go down we must give more careful attention to the cost of production, an important item of which is labor done, or that which we neglect to do from lack of time. A little time spent now in laying out a systematic line of work: a little labor spent in rendering the labor of the busy season less difficult and more ef- fective, might turn the scales in the right direction and insure us less drive, less worry, and a more complete success. Notes From Foreign Bee Journals. F. L. THOMPSON. T'APICULTEUR.— Belgium has a law rf prohibiting th& use of the word " hon- ey, " standing alone to denote artificial mix- tures. Among some prohibitions not of interest to ns, it entirely prohibits the sale of flat or vapid honey. Labels of artificial preparations, whether they include the word " honey " or not. are required to be conspic- uous and uniform on both wholesale and retail packages. The giver of this imfor- mation states that France is the only coun- try in which honey is never adulterated ; but that honey imported into France is gen- erally impure. " Bee-lover " emphasizes one of those things that every one ought to know, but sometimes forgets: when there is danger that extracting combs may have honey de- posited in them again, when given to the bees to clean, it may be reduced to a mini- mum by piling up the extracting cases over only a few colonies, since they will deposit honey in the lowest super only. C. Blondin reports good success from starters made from slieets of plain wax. To make the sheets, he dips a pane of glass into melted wax and then into cold water. The wax cuts itself by contracting at the fdges, and is easily removed. A. Michaub writes from the province of Mendoza, in the Argentine Republic, that that region does not suffer from excesses of drouth or moisture, so that no bad years are to be feared ; except those resulting from the ravages of the grasshopper once in twelve or fifteen years. Even then there is one-fourth of a crop. There are no conta- gious diseases, no moths, no taxes, no mo- lestations by the government or individuals ( but in this respect another Frenchman has already made a different report — see Review 1S9G, p. 20 ) ; and and an abundant flow lasting nearly three mouths from the vast pastures of lucern. The highest price of a hive of bees in the spring is nearly $2.00. He thinks the region is suitable to apicul- ture on a large scale. The average profit per colony, in the hive he uses ( a modification of the Huber, something like Quinby's ) he estimates at about !?2.7o, from 77 lbs. of honey at over 2 3-5 cents a pound and near- ly four lbs. of wax at nearly 18 cents a pound. The market does not demand sec- tion honey. At this point his language is not very explicit. His words are : " So no American sections are needed, no founda- tion, no wire, no extractor ( no press ). I work without a press. " Judging from the amount of wax harvested, he evidently lets the bees build their comb afresh every year, and sells strained honey, not extracted. It is to be hoped that the honey combs are not melted up. MuENCHENEK BiENENZEiTUNG. — Dr. Her- man Klaus writes from San Francisco, in the Argentine Republic, to the Badische Biene, that the heat of summer there is never insupportable, as for example in Par- aguay, and in winter the thermometer sel- dom falls to the freezing point. From nine to ten months in the year forage is as fa- 362 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, vorable as could be wished. Besides cultiva- ted plants, a kind of wild borage and sage is especially productive. Box- hives are used, no attention being paid to cracks. A col- ony generally sends out eight oo* ten swarms, a dozen being no rarity. In spite of the fre- quent tropical tempests and hail storms, and numerous bee-enemies, both old col- onies and swarms yield a full crop at har- vest-time, which is in March, worth on the average $7.50 to $11.50 The wax harvest is especially profitable. Off seasons are un- known to Dr. Klaus, and his expenses are nothing except for boxes. He has tried frame hives, but the great difficulty with them is that the hives are so overflowing with bees, that it is impossible to withdraw a frame without crushing hundreds of them. La Revue Inteknationale. — Alford Duf- ey, of Chili, reports a yield of 7285 lbs., or an average of nearly 135 lbs., from his 54 colonies. AusTKAiiiAN Bee Bxtlletin. — W. Abram ( a bee-keeper of experience and repute ) has come to the conclusion that drones in- herit temper. In connection with a can-manufacturing firm, James Bennett experimented on dif- ferent kinds of cans to ascertain which would best resist hard usage. They were tilled with water and repeatedly dropped from a height of 20 inches. Those made of light tin were single-seamed, and the others double-seamed. Contrary to expectation, those made of light tin stood the test long- est, not leaking until the eighth drop. The experiments showed the soldering to be so important that a special style of soldering was resolved on. Cans soldered in old style, which are of heavy tin, always leaked the first drop ; but the same tin after being specially soldered did not leak until the seventh drop. L.ApiooiiTOKE. — W. Vogel, editor of the Noerdlicher Bienenzeitung. lately expressed a doubt whether Langstroth was ignorant of Dzierzon's invention at the time he made his own. To this Alexander Schroeder, of Trieste, replied by sending him a transla- tion of the letter from Wagner to Lang- stroth, dated Dec. 24, 1852, and printed by Langstroth in his book. Vogel, however, does not seem to be convinced, but remarks "Though the attempt to throw light on this affair is not successful at present, more gropings in the dark will be made later. " Editor Von Bauschenfele thinks there are " gropings " enough already, and that if any one would permit himself to impeach the veracity of the assertions of men so notori- ously true as Langstroth and Wagner, such a proceeding would be ascribed, on both sides of the ocean, to malicious envy. "If it had been possible" he says "to make Langstroth appear a plagiarist, his enemies among his compatriots would already have done so ; since it is known that in his time one of them crossed the ocean expressly to interview eminent German bee-keepers on the subject, and was obliged to return un- successful. " The apicultural exports from Hungary amount in value to $48(3,000, and an equal amount is consumed at home. There are about 25,000 bee-keepers, of which 2,000 be- long to the association. The editor calls the following a model for an extracted honey label. It appeared in the Bienenpflege : " Genuine honey from flowers, when recently extracted, is liquid and clear. After some time it crystallizes and becomes more or less hard. Adultera- ted honey remains liquid and never crystal- lizes. Honey solidified in a glass or earthen- ware vessel can be liquefied by placing this vessel in another containing water and slow- ly heating oyer a gentle fire. Honey may be preserved for an indifinite time by keep- ing it in a vessel hermetically closed, in a cool dry place. " But has it not been shown, by some experiments made by the editor of Gleanings, that adulterated honey some- times granulates ? If oue cares to fuss with colonies of lay- ing workers, it may be well to remember that one Spies has asserted that they may be re-established with certainty by giving them unsealed queen cells. If we o'^serve, says Pastor Schoenfeld, a bush full of flowers which is frequented by bees, we notice that almost without excap- tiou the new arrivals alight on flowers which have just been visited and emptied, as if thesa possessed a stronger and more agreea- ble sceat. He thinks the reason is that some of the fluid secreted by the bee in the process of suction finds its way into the residue left in the flower. But. he says, if the secretion is abundant enough to do that it is evident that the sweet carried home by the bee is no longer pure nectar, but haa already begun its transformation into hon- ey Dbnvbb* Colo., I>eo. 10, 1896. THE Bt:E-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Bee-Keepers' Review. PUBLISHED MONTHLY. W. Z. HDTCHDiSON. Editor and ProDilelor. Terms :— Sl.OO a yoar in advaiico. Two copies $1.90 ; three for $i.70 ; five for $4.00 ; ton or more, 7.'» cents each. If it is desired to have the Revi iw stopped at the expiration of the time paid for, please say so when subscribing, otherwise, it will be continued FLINT. MICHIGAN, DEC. 10. 1896. Eight Extea Pages are given this month that the index, extra advertisemeats of pa- pers, etc., may not crowd the regular reading matter. It also gives room for extra cuts and helps to make a holiday number. By the way, this is the first time that I have made any extra effort to secure books, pa- pers and other articles to offer at a low rate in combination with the Review. I know that the times are hard and many feel that they cannot spare the dollar for the Review, and I wish to make the burden as light as possible. If there a^e any other journals or papers, aside from those mentioned in my clubbing list, that you would like to club with the Review, please write to me about it and I will make a rate on almost any paper published. Honey Vinegab is one of the things that were discussed at the recent meeting of the Illinois State Bee- Keepers. It seems that from one and one-half to three pounds of honey to the gallon are needed in making vinegar, all depending upon the strength that is desired for the vinegar. A great deal cheaper vinegar can be made than that made from honey. A pickle manufacturer told Dr. Miller that he could buy a vinegar, suitable for his use, the keeping of pickles, for two cents per gallon. Then there is another side. A vinegar of fine flavor, that comes from over the ocean, costs 60 cents a gallon. In this matter of making fine vin- egars with a delicious flavor it is quite like- ly that honey could be used to good advan- tage, as the vinegar would possess, to a certain degree, the flavor of the honey from which it was made. If the right man would take hold of it it is quite likely that a fine business could be worked up by making fancy vinegars from honey for the fancy grocery trade. I have often thought that 1 should like to engage in this very business, but then a man can't do everything. There is no doubt, however, that there is a good opening here for the right man. Gkanulated Honey was another topic that came up for discussion at the Illinois meeting of bee-keepers. The question arose as to whether it should be put upon the market, and the answer was that it was all right where customers were educated to the buying and using of honey in that shape. Where customers are unacquainted with honey in this form it may be less trouble to keep it in the liquid form by taking back from dealers all that granulates and re- placing it with that that has been liquefied. The heating of it to such a degree that it would remain liquid was not approved, as it was quite likely to injure the flavor. I be- 1 eve, however, that this has been done with- out injuring the flavor to any great extent. Mr. McKnight, of Canada, puts up his hon- ey in this way. BE LENIENT. During the past year and a half I have had to bear heavier burdens than I ever before had borne. As most of my readers know, wife and I took care of our daughter, Ivy, all of the fall and winter of 1895 when she really ought to have been cared for in some institution devoted to .ihe treatment of those suffering from mental or nervous dis- eases. It was a mistake not to have taken her there. At least it seems so now, as the terrible strain upon the dear wife has been too great. All of last summer Ivy was bet- ter, but last fall she became so bad that we were compelled to send her away. As I have mentioned once or twice before in the Re- view, Mrs. Htuchinson was not well all of last summer, and about two weeks ago she, too, became so bad that she had to be sent away for treatment. I don't approve of parading one's troubles before the world, and my object in mentioning this matter is that my friends will be lenient in their judgement of the Review. I know that for the past year the Review has not been all that I would like to have it. As I look back over the past months, my only wonder is that I have gotten it out at all. Until these troub- les came I had the bright brain and nimble 364 TBE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIjo.. fingers of the dear wife to help me, now I have them not, and a large share of my own thoughts, energies and strength are used in trying to bring her back to health, /know that the Review is not what it was once, at least not editorially, and no one is more conscious of this than is myself, and, as I have already said, all that I ask is that my friends will not be too severe in their judgement, that they will not just yet de- sert me and the Review, because the latter is not up to the standard. I am doing the best that I can under the circumstances, and feel sure that these troubles cannot always last, that I shall yet be able, as of old, to make the Review one of the best journals that there is for the practical hon- ey producer. It is my life work and I love it. Latek— Since the above was written there has come a letter from the superintendent of the asylum asking that a pair of rubbers be sent for Ivy. I know what that means. It means that she is better, that she is able to go out doors, something which she has not done since she went there. SIZE AND SHAPE OF SECTIONS. The editor of Gleanings copies part of my editorial on this subject and encourages the idea of using thin, oblong sections. The serious objection is that our fixtures are adapted to using the regular 4I4 x 4,V sec- tions and to change is somewhat expensive. The question IS, will the advantage be suf- ficiently great to justify the change ? With the T super it is an easy matter to use thin- ner sections. In adapting these supers to the use of oblong sections I think that I would arrange them to place the long way of the section in a horizontal position. Three tiers of sections 5 2 3 inches long would cover as much space as four tiers of the i% X 4I4. If made three inches the other way they would hold just about the same as the4i^x43^4. With these shallow supers tiering-up could be carried en to belter advantage. Here is a letter just received from a bee-keeper in Wisconsin. BiKNAMWooD, Wis., Dec. 28, 1896. Friend H. — The last number of the Review seems somehow to be unusually good. Your comments in reeard to the size of section which would yield the best returns financially are, I think, a step toward the right. I have been convinced for some time that the sections in common use (4^4 x \%) are not the best siae for the economical production of honey. After careful experiment and thought, i have concluded that a section 4 x 5)^ would be about the right size. These used with- out separators would average, as sections are filled with me, about 14 to 15 oz. This would give from 28 to 30 lbs. of surplus for each well filled super instead of 22 lbs, which is about the average with me this year. It is my experience that a colony will till a case holding 28 or 30 lbs. when narrow sections and no separators are used, as quickly as a case of M4 x ^i x 2 in. sectTons with wide frames and tin separators. What say you? (Mv experience says "yes.' —Ed.) i believe the "standaid" section was first used in wide frames containing eight sections, and that its size was due to the fact that it fitted the frame. But I will not weary you with a lengthy communication. In case contributions for the Review on this subject are in order I shall be glad to submit my experience. If you can't use it, no harm done. M. P. Cadt. Certainly, my friend, contributions on this subject are in order, and nothing will be more welcome than your own experience. THERE IS A BICTOLK IN THE REVIEW FAMILiY. A great many times have I wanted a bi- cycle—and the girls have wanted one— but —well, I couldn't afford it, or thought I couldn't. Last fall wife and I took long walks for her benefit, and often she would return tired, and say if she could only ride each day she thought it would be better. T sug- gested a bicycle. To my surprire she seem- ed to fall in with the idea. I was surprised, beeause she had often ridiculed the idea of a woman's riding a wheel, thought that she looked— well, ungraceful, and declared that she would never, never, ride one. Whether I could afford it or not I went right and bought a lady's wheel. It was a good, strong, high- grade wheel. The next morning I went out into the yard with the determination that I was going to ride that wheel. Within an hour I was riding around the yard. I think that a lady's wheel is easier to learn on than is a gentleman's wheel, as it is easier to get off if you go to fall. Then Mrs. Hutch- inson came out and tried it, but was com- pletely discouraged at first— declared that she could never learn. But I kept helping and encouraging ler and within an hour she. too. was riding around the yard. Then one of the twins came out. She had tried before to ride, but had not succeeded. In a THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 365 few minutes she got started, and away she went. The other twin had already learned to ride on the wheel of a friend. Three of us learned to ride in as many hours ! Don't hesitate about buying a wheel for fear that you can't learn to ride — you can. When I bought a type writer I wondered if I could afford it. After using it awhile I wondered how I could afford not to have a machine. It is the same now with the bicycle — I wonder how I could afford so long to be without one. lean slip down town and back so quickly. And then if the brain ligs, and the work moves slowly, take a spin of twenty minutes over the smooth walks of the outskirts of the city, and come back with the pulses bounding and the " blues " left scattered by the wayside. My Bro. editor, Ernest Root, will know exactly how I feel, and so, I hope, do many other of my readers. I am really hopeful that, by another summer, wife and I will be chasing each other over hill and dale — on wheels. What has all this to do with bee-keeping ? W'ell not so very much perhaps, but I will say this : if I were running out-apiaries, I think that I should see to it that everything needed to work with was taken to each api- ary, and then I should use a wheel as a means of conveying myself from one yard to another. lL«u»««jr«^«rf« THE UNITED STATES BEE-KEEPEKS UNION. I fear that the great majority of bee-keep- ers do not really understand what was done at the last meeting of the North American Bee- Keepers' Association. It changed its name to the one at that stands at the head of this article, and adopted a new constitution that will enable it to take on new and important functions. This constitution has been pub- lished in most of the bee journals. It has not appeared in the Review, but I think now that it ought to have been published there ; however, I presume that most of my readers have seen it. If they haven't. Gleanings or American Bee Journal will gladly mail any one a copy containing it. In January the members of the National Bee - Keepers' Union will vote if they and their money shall be merged into this new, United States Union. If this is not done, if amalgama- tion does not take place, then the new, or United States Union w ill go on, regardless of the old Union, and do the work that is necessary to do, the prosecution of honey adulterators for one thing, and the old Na- tional Union can sit still and do nothing ex- cept to guard, and brag of, the !j;700.00 that it has amassed since it stopped doing any- thing. I don't wish to be disrespectful, but, honestly, the work for which the National Union was called into existence has been fin- ished, practically finished, and other work of a hundred fold more importance is loom- ing up and growing greater and greater as the months and years go by. A good lot of money in the treasury is a good thing, but good accomplished with this is better than the money itself. In the Extracted Depart- ment of this issue of the Review you will find that I have written more fully upon this subject. I hope that every member of the old National Union will consider well be- fore he votes. We need just one good, strong, wide-awake enthusiastic, National association of bee-keepers, and that is enough. Ouly get the thing started right and there is no question but what it will "go." Already money is being sent to the Secretary of the new United States Union, Dr. A. B. Mason, Sta. B. Toledo, Ohio, to join the Union " that is going to prosecute dis- honest commission men. " Just as soon as it is really evident that we are going to have a Union that will do something, there will be no lack of members. Let us have amalga- mation, then will follow plenty of members, and there will plenty of money, and then, with the right men at the helm, men with "go," determination and enthusiasm, much good will come to bee-keepers as the result. The times are ripe for this move — let us move. »»*^<^«'»k^*^ SOME OUT APIABIES NEAB FLINT; AND HOW THEY AKE MANAGED. I take not a little pleasure and some pride in showing the pictures of some out- apiaries located near Flint. They are the property of a German by the name of Char- ley Koeppen, and have been built up under such a lot of bad luck As would have dis- couraged any ordinary mortal. Almost his first experience was that of paying $300 for thirty colonies of bees that were affected with foul brood and died the next year. Of course, he was not well enough versed in bee-keeping to know that they had foul brood when he bought them. The bees were in chaff hives, and, by the way, he still has those hives in use. He disinfected them with a solution of carbolic acid so 368 THE BEE KEEPERS' REVIEW, strong, to use his own language, " It ate some of the splinters off the broom with which he applied it. " He did not remem- ber the exact proportions of the solution, but foul brood has never been developed in those hives since they were thus disinfected. Why wouldn't this be a better way of disin- fecting hives than that of burning them out with kerosene oil ; that is, if the work is done thoroughly ? After getting some experience and a few good crops of honey his enthusiasm ana confidence became such that he bought bees largely, going in debt for many of them. Then the poor seasons came on, and not only did the bees that were expected to pay for themselves fail to store any honey but had to be /"ed both fall and spring. In one in- stance he fed bees in the spring to keep them from starving, a d cared for them all through the summer only to find that they must be fed in the fall, and rather than do this he let them go back to the man of whom they were bought, losing his time and the spring feed. It is under such discourage- ments that he has worked away and built up five apiaries, varying in numbers of col- onies from perhaps fifty to seventy- five each. This year his crop of comb honey is about 8,000 pounds, and it will I believe put him practically out of debt. A.S he sat chatting in the Review office a few days ago. having called to pay his sub- scription, it occurred to me that pictures of his apiaries, and a publication of the plan of how he managed them for comb honey, with only the help of one man for about three weeks during the swarming season, would be interesting to the readers of the Review, and I proposed that we drive around and take views of his apiaries. In a day or two he drove up with the colt and road cart that take him from one apiary to another ; and as we drove from one to another of the four apiaries nearest Flint, he gave me in detail his plans of management. Briefly, his methods are as follows : — He winters most of his bees out of doors, protecting them with chaff. He waits until as late as possible in the fall, sets the hives in a long row with boards at the back and front and then packs the hives in chaff, put- ting two inches in front, three or four at the back and five or six on top, covering all with shade boards, covers, or water-proof building paper. Some of his colonies are in chaff hives, but he does not like them, as they are expensive and too heavy and bung- ling to handle to the best advantage. In the spring the bees are looked over, stores equalized, and all extra combs re- moved, the bees being crowded up on as few as possible. When the packing is removed each alternate hive is moved ahead a little ways, and the other hives moved back a little, and then in a few days the distances are increased until the hives are sufficiently scattered. Soon as the bees are crowded for room the combs are spread and empty OHAKLEY KOEPPEN. combs put in the center. This is usually done the first time just before the harvest from white clover. A week or ten days later the colonies are again gone over and the combs of sealed brood in the center are shifted to the outside, the outside combs, that are largely tilled with honey, being moved to the center of the brood nest. At the beginning of the basswood flow the brood nests are again overhauled and this shifting gone through with, but in many instances, in fact, in most instances, that is, if the colony is strong, two combs of bees and brood are taken away and used in tarting a nucleus, their places, in the cen- I'HJiJ BEE-KEEPERS- REVIEW, 369 ter of the brood nest, beiug filled with em- pty combs. Each nucleus is furuished with a queen cell, a plenty of which can be found in the overhauling of tiie colonies. These empty combs that are placed in the center of the brood nest are usually tilled with hou- ey, but as soon as the flow begins to slack, this honey will be removed and used in fin- ishing up what sections may be on the hives. It is astonishing how a colony so treated will go on finishing up its sections after the flow from basswood is over. With this management there is but very little swarming, and, as the queens are kept clipped, the swarm always returns, and usually the queen gets back into her own home. If she does not, the fact is shown at the next examination. If he csn get around and examine each hive as often as once in a week or ten days there is practically no swarming. Upon reaching an apiary, if there is not time enough to go over the whole number of colonies, the strongest ones are selected for that purpose. Com- paring one location with another and one year with another, my friend Koeppen thinks it is more profitable to keep not many more than fifty colonies in one location. None of his apiaries are nearer each other than three miles ; and his principal honey resources are white and alsike clovers and basswood. One of his apiaries, however, is near a river bottom, and, last fall, in this apiary, there was an average of twenty-five pounds per colony of fall comb honey stored, while nothing was done in the other yards. All of the foregoing is given from mem- ory, and if I have missed any of the details, or got anything a little twisted, my friend will please correct me. A Condensed View of Current Bee Writings. W E. E. HASTY. •"E cannot always be starting big apicul- tural game, and lug in a moose that man never looked on before ; but we can most any time get a bag of rabbits and things, if we beat about hard enough. The apicultural rabbits are the small things of our vocation which may make all the differ- ence between failure and success. Mr. Doolittle, in Gleanings G78, goes for the rabbit of paper trays to catch the leakage inside the honey cases. Get the right kind of paper. Some paper will let honey go right through, and some will hold it for a year if you wish. Then the paper has got to be cut ; and cutting paper in quantity without paper-cutting machinery, is an atrociously difficult and vexatious job — ex- cept to a printer ; and he'll slice it oft" just as easy with any old thing of a knife. Mr. D. advises a saw. Don't laugh ; he doesn't use the business edge, but the back. Get a long saw with a straight back. Press it solidly {flatwise, not by not by standing it straight up and sitting on the teeth ) and learn the trick of folding over and tearing smoothly six sheets at a time. After you get your tray made beautifully nice and tight, then per- chance you will jam it to ruin by slipping in the sections. To prevent this a a slip of very thin tin is put down over the edge of the paper, and pulled out after the last section is in. Seems to me I should prefer to have the " sleepers " on which the sections rest so thick that the tray would not not need to come up so far as to get mashed. Prospective buyers will pull the sections up, and ram them back again you know. O yes, the tray must be made on a modeling board, exactly true and properly sized. And then putting it into its place is a fine art — to learn which see the original article. The Southland Queen. The Queen needs little of characteriza- tion this time, except to say that it is really advancing and improving. At one time it seemed as if it were a hard scrabble to keep Northland writers from getting to big a share of its space ; but later with two more Southland men of world-wide reputation on its string, it seems to be all right on that score. Recently it has been giving the por- traits of bee-editors. And if at last the dove of peace should fly toward Beeville — and Chicago — so gently that one more bee editors's face would not look out of place in the Queen — why then the situation would be satisfactory to most of us I think. Where ants are distructive it often hap- pens that the apiary can be located on ground which can be flooded occasionally, and their) nests drowned out. W. C, Gath right, page 91. This is the more practical as many such localities depend on irrigation to raise crops. In hives with Hoffman frames, and others of that ilk, wedge up your space-occupying 370 THE BEE-KEEPERS uLv. board, not with a wooden wedge, which will be glued iu so tight you can't get it out, but with rags ( not too tender ones ) which can always be pulled out with a wire hook. L. L. Skaggs page 94. And here's a bee rumpus the like of which most of us certainly never saw. Mrs. Atch- ley has a large out-apiary which depends wholly on a wind mill for water ; no other water within flying distance. Unknown to any one the water got shut off until a num- ber of colonies had perished. When the trouble was remedied, and the poor bees found out that there was water to be had in their tub, they came with such a rush as to pile up three inches deep. A little later they began to come in swarms, queen and all. Que queen was drowned, and two or three more fished out alive. The total loss was about twenty colonies. Page 100. As this is a very instructive incident, in that it shows what bees will do in unusual circum- stances, will Mrs. A. tell us whether the bees of the colonies which perished were mostly found dead in their hives, or whether the appearance was that they had swarmed out and gone en-masse in search for water. Instead of forceps for the work of trans- ferring larvte cradle and all, W. H. Pridgen has invented a peculiarly shaped stick con- caved at the tip which you insert into the cell ( after the cells are shaved down till you almost shave the babies ) and whisk the little chap out on the remnant of cocoon with " just a twist of the wrist. " The Atch- leys have tried it, and find it excellent for its intended purpose. Page 100, thus little by little the small but necessary details of the craft get into shape. Only two or three hours is all the time usually required to starve a queen to death according to Mrs. Atchley. Page 102. No match for Dr. Tanner "at all at all." I presume that in winter when not laying they would endure much longer than this. And it is pretty clear when torpid from joint hun- ger and cold, as often found in the spring up north, life holds on for several days. Why a bee docs not [ usually ] loose its sting when stinging another bee, is a ques- tion wrestled with editorially by two differ- ent persons. According to the answers that pleased me best it is this. The surface of a bee's body is a shell, in some places very thin, and iu some places thicker, but every- where very tough and horn-like. The thrust of a sting penetrates it, but does not pene- trate but a little way — not far enough to have the heaviest barbs take hold. Neither bee is heavy enough to favor immediate tearing loose. And if the sting does not twist out speedily it breaks short off at the spot where it goes through the armor. Mrs. Atchley says she has often noticed bees [ not torn ] acting as if in pain after stinging another bee. Supposes tliey get over such pains all right. Page 103. Golden's method of hiving for immediate honey storing is given, page 115. Very likely it will be found excellent in some yards. Hive the bees right in two tiers of sections ; and put the queen among them caged, a section being removed to make room for her cage. Next get the rest of the flying bees by placing this super on the old stand. Then mount the old hive ( super and all, if it happens to have a super ) on top of the whole business. Let them work thus in the sections till the fifth day, and then re- arrange things, with brood combs at the bot- tom. At this rearrangement cut out care- fully all cells but one, and take the queen away. Several brethren fear pollen will work mischief : but friend Golden says it does not in his experience. No larvae there ; and it is not next to the queen but next to the larvie that bees store pollen. Texas honey customers some of them put their honey on ice as soon as they get it. The result is that it candies in a week's time ; and then they refuse to believe be- lieve that it is a genuine article. Page 122. How doctors disagree ! Dr. Miller thinks a super with honey in it makes a new swarm desert. Dr. Ernest thinks the practice alluded to safe enough for general use — only that an occasional colony is so resolute about changing their conditions, and the super of honey makes them think the change is not complete enough. Mrs. Dr. Atchley is respectful to the other views — but — sure a super of partly filled sections does not cause desertion. Page 123. Dr. Hasty must needs put in his pill too. If honey is com- ing in at the time, and the partly filled comb is their own make, Mrs. Atchley is probably right. But if the swarm is hungry ( a com- mon state of things at my apiary ) and furthermore if the honey you give them was putup by other bees, and so strikes them as plunder, then Dr. Miller is right. They get too much excited over it to settle down just then. Sometimes before leaving they let robbers come right in and take a share ; and TUJl. BEh-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 371 that of course does not incline them any toward accepting the location. Ah, perhaps I must put in another exception there ! If they get nicely to fighthiy with the robbers, then the native contrariness of the bee comes into play, and assures us pretty firm- ly that they will not leave the fort they are fighting for. Mrs. Atchley keeps a choice breeding queen on three combs in a nucleus. This prolongs her life and usefulness, as unre- strained laying greatly shortens queen life. Then sometimes the queen acts as if she felt depressed by having so small a nation to reign over. In such a case she is changed to a three frame compartment screened off with wire in a strong colony ( no other queen allowed, of course. ) And when a breeding queen loses her scent of fertility so far that the bees begin to struggle to super- sede her, its just " nuts and raisins " to the queen breeder. Over a hundred excellent cells have been taken in succession from such a colony, with no trouble except cutting them out. Page 148. A very pretty October supplement con- tains the proceedings of the Central Texas Association. It is illustrated with fine pic- tures of the presiding officer. Judge Terrell, and of his wife. Also gives us the faces of John Cairns and C. B. Bankston. The Holy Land bees usually get brick- bats, but wiL a good score this fall at the apiary of the Atchley's. Some of them put np about 50 pounds of fall surplus — to the Italians' none. Page 159. One very notable service the Qneen has done to the cause lately is to re-discover Stachelhansen, and engage him for a series of articles. He is at Cutoff, Guadalupe Co. Texas. An apicultural pen as precise and scientific as his used to be ought not to be allowed to remain under a bushel. Baldensperger also appears in the October number with portrait and article. This time he does battle like David and Jonathan for the Holy Land bees he has kept so long in their own country : but he will hardly re- vive their boom, so far as the North is con- cerned. However he makes us willing to admit that their pronenessto fertile workers has been somewhat overstated, and that under strictly normal conditions it is the exception rather than the rule to have very much trouble from that source. Page IGO. At the South Texa~ Convention four speak- ers in succession gave alfalfa a black eye, as yielding no honey, and no one seems to have said a word in its favor. Page 177. At the convention Mrs. Webb, a personal friend, did u[) the entire Atchley family in a rhyme. See sample stanza below, which celebrates the one who was introduced to us a few years ago as tlie youngest queen breed- er in the world. ■' The next is little Leah, most handy and wise, Dops more in a day than any cliild of her size ; Tends hor tieos, and the engine, does errands as well, Extracts her own honey ; then its ready to sell. " The General Round-Up. In the last View read fairness instead of " firmness " as what D jolittle shows toward we'uns, the short store folks. Say, that is a pretty picture of the North American on the first page of the American Bee Journal for Dec. 8rd ; but, as is usual in such pictures, an occasional one exhibits great agony of soul for fear his particular impression on the plate might not do him justice. A prominent and rather sad face by the side of President Root seems sadder yet as we look upon it now — gone from among us by instant death, from the petty accident of being thrown from a wagon — Mrs. A. L. Hallenbeck, the well known corresponde t of the Progressive, " Thou hast all seasons for thine own, O Death ! " It soems that not only banana oil but over- ripe banana fruit, when rubbed on the hands, provokes bees to attack. This is contribu- ted by a writer from Jamaica. Gleanings 715. H. L. Jones or Goodna, Australia, contri- butes more evidence of the indifference of certain kinds of birds to stings in the throat and stomach. One had 15 stings sticking in the stomach like pins in a pin-cushion. Another had 27 in the stomach and one in the throat. Gleanings 71.5. Twelve modern apiaries still escape des- truction near Havana, but the keepers have to get their papers renewed every eight days in order to be allowed to stay. As an offset to the revolution they hope that the apiaries remaining are now free from foul- brood. Quite an offset if it proves true. Box hive apiaries run for wax rather than for honey are the general rule in Cuba. The export figtires for a year are- fQO.'OOO worth of honey, and $98,000 worth of wax ( mak- ing the otfici:il figures into round numbers.) So the amount is not at all frightrul as yet ; and it is only in its possibilities that Cuba is 372 THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW- a menace to the honey market. Gleanings 707. Cold water dashed on plentifally upon freshly spilled hot wax will lift it up, and of course cool it at the same time. I should have supposed that part of the wax would cling and cool where it first touched, unless quite hot water were used ; but Gleanings editorially vouches for the cold water. Gleanings 683. Mr. Muth of Cincinnati had an unusual ex- perience with a mare nnd colt, on which a swarm of bees settled when no one was by. The poor beasts by the time he got to them had given up all violence, and would allow anything whatever to be done with perfect docility. Tell your horse to do so when the bees get at him. He led them slowly down the road, clearing the bees ofif as he went ( had to crush the bees to keep them from coming right back again ) led them into the river for a good soaking ; then put them out to pasture, and both got well. Gleanings 680. Mr. Abbott waters his bees and chickens together and makes it work all right — Does'nt let them roost together it seems. American Bee Journal 675. The bumblebee is ureeminently a Rocky Mountain bird— ten species in the West and fourin the East. Wild bees, mostly solitary in habit, are so numerous that they expect to get 300 species in Nebraska alone — have already collected about 200. Some are tiny little fellows less than a thirtieth of an inch long. A great many species lay their eggs where bees of some other species will pro- vide ( or have already provided ) food for the prospective larvaa. Some species have drones that sting. Certaiuly looks reason- able that the men should do the fighting if the women do the work. When a nucleus or other colony follows a young queen out when she takes a flight, what is the outcome ? Query 33 in A. B. J. deals with this question ; and there is con- siderable high-mixedness in the answers. Edwin France seems to hit the " bulls eye. " If the queen, in pursurance of the business for which she came out, gets out of sight of them they will probably return ; and a little later the queen will return also. If the bees succeed in keeping track of her she will cluster with them, and neither will return unless brought back. Doolittle says that some years about one virgin in eight will be partner in this sort of trick ; other years not one in the apiary. But in his yard 'none that so follow the queea come back of themselves. Richards, Ohio. Dec. 15, 1896. Drawn Combs for Sections not a New Idea — Their Early Use and by Whom. The indications now are that the next great step in bee-keeping will be the use of drawn combs in sections. 1 have used them enough to know that they nearly double the crop of comb honey. I think that any one will admit that we could secure as much comb as extracted honey if we could supply our sections with drawn combs. Mr. Sim- mins of England has for years used drawn combs; our lamented friend, B. Taylor of Minnesota, used them and invented a level- er for preparing for use the combs left over from the previous season, and now comes our old friend Baldridge, of Illinois, in an article in Gleanings in which he tells — well, here is the article:— " My attention is called to an article on 'Drawn Combs for Sections, ' in Gleanings, page 779, written by Samuel Simmins. The editor, in his foot notes, says: ' I am inclin- ed to give Mr. Simmins credit for first con- ceiving the great possibilities and advan- tages of drawn combs in the production of comb honey. Now, if any one in this or any other country is prior in this idea, let him hold up his hand. ' Mr. Simmins says that he called the attention of the public to the importance of 'drawn combs for sections' as long ago as 1886 in a small pamphlet that was sent to Messrs. Root and Newman in that year. That may all be true; but unless Mr. Simmins can show that he conceived the importance of such combs several years prior to that date, he is certainly behind the times. In June, 1884, Mr. E. T. Flanagan, of Belleville, 111., sent to me a carload of bees from New Orleans, to be managed for him that season on shares. The bees were un- loaded in this city, and they remained here and near here until the latter part of August of that year, at which time they were re- loaded on a car and taken to East St. Louis by the writer. There were l.TO colonies of bees, all in two-story Simplicity hives; and while here they were devoted chiefly to ex- tracted honey. In the meantime the writer prepared for Mr. Flanagan 50 Ijangstroth hives, with 8 frames only, Heddon style. Each of these hives was provided with two supers holding 28 sections each, and these were taken to East St. Louis at the same time the bees were, and in the same car with THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 373 the bees. By referring to my diary for 1884 I find that about 40 sets of those sections were supplied with 'drawn combs' pro- duced Sy those bees while in this city. My purpose was to have those sections, with emp- ty 'drawn combs, ' tilled with honey after repohiuy my desti atiou near East St. Louis. B'lt on my arrival there I found the season tjo far advanced to use the sections of ' drawn combs ' to advantage, and there- fore coufiaed the bees to extracted honey. When the seasou closed the bees needed all the honey they had stored there for winter use, as Mr. Flanagan will now remember. I came back to this city after the honey season closed near Eist St. Louis, and the 8up9rs dllei with ' Jra>vti c ) nb^ in sections' were left in or near the apiary. What be- came of them I do not know ; but my recol- lection is th vt they were, later on, taken away and sent 'down south' to some other apiary by Mr. Flanagan, or by his order. Again, in 188(5 1 had charge of three apiaries in C )lumhia C )unty. Wis., and again on shares. These bees were the property of one Rufus Morgan when the contract was made by me to manage them on shares; but later on they became the property of the Roy Broth'irs. Durlngthat seasononr total crop of surplus honey was nearly 20,0ii0 lbs. — about half of which was in sections. One Eugene Otis, who then lived and still lives in Batavia, III., was my partner in the man- agement of those bees. During that season Mr. Otis and I paid special attention to 'drawn combs for sections, ' and we secur- ed not less than half of the section crop of honey in such combs. These combs were simply drawn out on foundation in full- sized sheets, and then cut to proper sizoi and transferred to the sections. The sheets were of the same size as those used for brood-frames. And this, in my opinion, is the only practical way to secure snob combs to advantage, and propprly drawn nut for comb honev. I regard the method describ- ed by Mr. Simmins in spcuring such combs as extremely crude, and by no means equal to the one adopted here — not by me alone, but by others whom I will not attempt to mention now. Now. I trust that no one will harbor the idea that the writer of this claims to be the originator of ' drawn combs for sections. ' for such is not the case. It is my belief that the party who tirst conceived the idea, and who, perhans, has made a more extend- ed and profitable use of it than any other man living, whether in Europe or the United States, is still alive, and resides in this (Kane) county, but who, for reasons best known to himself, did not regard it as good business policy to make the matter public through any of the regular bee-peri- odicals. For that reason mainly, the mat- ter has been kept virtually a secret by the few to whom it was disclosed a long time ago. " It will be seen that the exact modus oper- andi is not given, but this much is told, the foundation is drawn out in fnll sheets, then cat up and fitt<3d into the sections, but the time of the year when the drawing oat ia done, the part of the hive in which it is done, the manner in which the bees are induced to do the work, whether by feeding or by giving them the foundation during a slight flow, how the brood is kept out of the drawn foundation, etc., are not given, and perhaps some ot these matters would be varied according to circumstances. I wish that friend Baldridge would tell the Review all the particulars that he can, and will, with- out violating any confidence. I have no faith in making deep-celled foundation or artificial combs for- use in sections. It seems that it would be impossi- ble to approach the thinness of the natural combs, and besides, it will lack its brittle- nese or friability — it will be tough and leathery, the quantity of wax used will be great, and the whole thing will be a damage to the quality of the honey. Amalgamation. This subject of the Amalgamation of the North American Bee-Keepers' Society and of the National Bee-keepers' Union is now uppermost in the minds of bee-keepers, and it is one that cannot receive too much consid- eration ; for this reason I copy the follow- ing article into the Review. It was written by the editor of the Review and published in a late issue of the Ameeican Bee Journal. "The Bee-Keepers' Union was created for a specific purpose, that of defending its members from uujast prosecutions by law. It fulfilled its purpose well, and has made sc many precedents, some in high courts, that but few suits of this kind are now brought, or. if brought, are dropped when the record of past similar suits are laid be- fore the interested parties. Practically, the Union's hard work in this direction is fin- ished— was finished several years ago. It has made a record And when that record is laid before some would-be antagonist, and he is still further informed that the Union is yet in existence, with a good sum of mon- ey in its treasury ready to be used in the defense of its members, all further thoughts of a suit are at an end. About all that the Union now has to do in this line is to fur- nish these records and ' show its hand. ' So little money has been used in conducting su'ts for the last few years years that it has been accumulating and now amounts to several hundreds of dollars — seven hundred, I believe. These persecutors of bee-keepers have been put under foot, so to speak ; but, in the meantime, another and ten-fold greater evil has been growing, that of the adultera- tion of honey. So great did this become that there was strong talk of forming 374 THE BEE-KEEPERS' JiEVIEW another Union, or society, for the specific purpose of fighting adulterators. I3ut it was urged, and with reason, that it was foolish to start a new society for each pur- pose that required united action — better strengthen the Union that already existed and so change its constitution that its funds could be used for any purpose in the in- ferests of bee-keeping. This was done, but, for some reason, or reasons, nothing has ever been done in the way of prosecuting adulterators. I think the General Manager would have acted if some defiuite case with good proof had been brought before him, but this proscution of adulterators is a case of ' what is everybody's business is no- body's business. ' There is a lack of defi- nite, personal interest in the matter. When a man is sued because someone considers his bees a nuisance, he takes some interest in the case. If some one should sneak into this man's honey house and adulterate his honey, he would then feel like hunting up the transgressor and securing his punish- ment. But this same man sells his honey to a dealer, and thinks of cares very little what the dealer will do with it. There must be an intense, selfish, personal motive to induce men to act. I think it is this point that explains, or partly explains, why nothing has been by the Union in prosecu- ting the adulterators of honey. But the adulteretion of honev is an injury to the bee-keeping interests. It works in- jury in three ways. As a rule, it impairs thequality of the honey. It increases the amount of honey put upon the market. It prejudices consumers against buying it: and there is no subject connected with api- culture upon which there is now so much need of united action as that of checking the adulteration of honey. In order to have the Union do anything in the line of check- ing adulteration, there must be some clianges made either in its constitution, or its man- agement, or both. It must be made the business of .so?)ie one to f«rret out and pros- ecute adulterators. The bee-keepers of this country could well afford to keep a trained detective busy the year round in hunting out adulterators of honey and se- curing proof against them, and then in bringing them to justice. But this would be expensive, much more than the Union, as now manased, could pay. And this brings up the subject nf amalgamation. The North American Bee-Keepers' Society was organized many years ago, for the purpose of bringing together bee-keepers from dif- ferent parts of the country that they might discuss subjects pertaining to the bee-keep- ing industry, exchanging views and experi- ences, and enjoying the good that comes from the friction of mind upon mind; but the dissemination of knowledge through the me- dium of literature and has now largely strip- ped these meetings of their value. Now here are two societies that havp, in a measure, out- lived their usefulness. The Union has won all its suits until no one now dares to sue its members, and when the North American meets it finds but little now to talk about, as it has already been told in the journals. At the same time, the honey markets are be- ing damaged because of adulteration, and be J keepers are doing nothing to put a stop to the practice — simply making matters worse by contiually talking but doing noth- ing. Smce these societies were organized tnere has been a change of conditions, and these clianges should be met by a change in the societies. There is no necessity what- ever for two societies. It would seem as though this point did not require argument, that it would be patent to the simplest mind. That amalgamation, with a change of con- stitution to suit the times, should be pro- posed is one of the most logical things that ever happened. We cannot afford to waste our time, talents, and money in sustaining two societies, when only one is needed. In union there is strength. When the North American made overtures for amalgamation they were rejected. Of course, no vote has been taken, but the published expressions of some of the members of the Union show- ed that they were proud, independent and scornful. Not only this, but the whole mat- ter seemed to be misunderstood. There seemed to be a feeling that in some way the North American was planning to reap what the Union had sown — to in some manner get hold of the money that the Union had raised, and squander it. Nothing could be farther from the truth. All of the objections brought against the uniting of these two bod ies have been born of prejudice or ignor- nnce. Not a single objection has been brought that has not been answered or over- come. Two different proposed constitutions ha ve been gotten up by the North .\merican to be submitted by vote to the members of the U ion. The first one is my personal pref- erence, but the second one has now been adopted by the North American and it may be that it is better than the first one. The General Manager has criticised it quite sharply, and some of his criticisms are well takpn, while others are a little far-fetched or hyper-critical. If we wait until a con- stitution is formulated in which no flaws can be found, amalgamation will never take place. It will only be by actual experience that we will learn exactly what kind of a constitution is needed. Without experience it, is doubtful if we get up a better one than the North American has now adopted, at least, not enough better to recompense us for the delay. We need to get to tvork. Another feature is now coming up that needs U"ited action, and that is the prompt expos- posure of dishonest and unreliable com- mission men and dealers. See what bee- kpepers have lost through Horrie & Co., and Wheadon & Co. Not only have the men lost who sent them honey, but this honey has been sold nt almost any price in order to move it off quickly and this has weakened prices and demoralized the marlcet. Refer- ences and merohantile reports are an aid, but they are not an absolute safeguard. Bradstreet rfportfld Wheadon & Co., as worth from $10,000 to $20,000. Rogues can put money in a bank and sret rating and then take it out again. The Union should send THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 375 a man, or employ some responsible capable man living' near, to thoioutjhly investigate every new lirm that begins bidding for the bee-keepers' honey. Before a man ships honey to a new firm, let him consult the l^uion, and it shonld be the business of the I'Uiou to know, as near as it is possible to know, if the tirm is reliable. If a firm does not deal in an honorable manner let it be reported at once to the Union, and if the report is a true one, let the facts be pub- lished. For instance, I have lately received from Sauford A- Co., of New York, City, an order for a list of names of bee-keepers. The order was on a nice letter sheet with a fine lithofjraphio heading ( that poitit is never neglected ), and Bradstreet and Dun, as well as as two banks, given as reference. Upon reference to Bradstreet and Dun it was found that the firm's name was not even inenfioned. The banks replied that the firm had a small balance in the bank, but it was so small, and their acquaintance with the tirm was so slight and short that they did not care to say anything about their responsibility. Sanford & Co. were informed that cash in advance must be sent for the names, and that ended the matter. It is possible that this firm will do an hon- orable business, but tho chances are that they will prove a third Horrie & Co. The Uuion could have a man in each of the large cities whose business it should be to lookup all such cases as this and report them. What w« need is one. good, strong, en- thusiastic Union, or As^ociatio ' of bee-keep- ers, it matters little as to its name, with a ca- pable, energetic manager whose heart is in the business. If bee-keepers could be as- sured of such, how they would rally V They would come by the thousand*. I doubt if there is a reader of those lines who would not gladly send in his dollar each year. We must stop this haggling over minor diflfier- ences and go to work upon the main ques- tion. With the old societies amalgamated upon a new and desirable basis, and the right kind of a manager right on the spot ready for business, success will be assured. The journals will take up the matter and do all in their power to make it a success. As the rank and file see that the leadf>rs mean business, thev will be eager to join, and everything will go with a go to it. And now comes a phase that is not ex- actly pleasant. Gleanings snggests that it may be necessary to elect a new manager, as Mr. Newman is now so far from the base of operations. With the old constitution and hoad, but remem- ber that the subscription to the Companion must be that of a NEW subscriber. W. Z. Hutchinson, Flint, Mich. Genepal Index to Wolume IX. IKrDE32C TO SUBJECTS. .\dvfirti8oment9 in the Review 122 Amalgamation 83,116,254 .Amalgamation, the Good that Might be Expect- ed From 200 .Apis Dorsata 16,156.221 Apis Dorsata and Other Large Bees 16 Artificial Combs 45 Birnet Taylor 306 Benton' sPromises. Frank 126 Benton Bee Bulletin 85 376 THE B^E-KEEPERS' REVIEW. Bee Paralysis Transmitted Through the Queen Jg •^"'■ Bee Escapes for Honey Room Windows 22 Bees Working on Red Clover -^^ Burr and Brace Comb ■■■.«- Canadian Clontroversy, the . . ^^Jl Candying of Honey ■■■ ^'l, California Honey Crops J- Carele sand Unfair Criticism.... . . ;« Condensed View of (Current Bee Writinss . . .~7, 56, 87, 123, 157, 196, 222, 255, 280, 30S, • 37. Cross Bees .•••,•/.■;•■■ V' "'ioq Crimson Clover Succeeds in Michigan, bow . lyj Danzenbaker and His Hive f^ Dealers' Right to be. the ... ■ .^»f D-oueening (Colonies During Harvest ■ it\Q Degeneracy of the Honey Boe..-^. .... "Jy Divi-ible Brood Chamber and What may be Accomplished with it 1^^ Distilled water •. ■■- ■■■ ,^^° Drawn Combs in Spctions, the value ot -i^* Drones as a Factor in Swarming. ... . 2&U Extractors, Needed Improvements in Honey -.»^ Exchange, The Bee Keepers' '>^ Feed, What Becomes of the ■' Feeding Back i>-5 Five-banded fief's..... ■ ^. -a V-,?o Foundations. Comparison ot Section L/OniD . . <: (a Foundation by a New Process 21 Foul Brood, Dealing with . l»i Foul Brood, use of Drugs in Treating 14/ Fore Cells and After Cells 11' Foreign Leaflet on Honey 1^^ Getting Sections Finished ^^o Good Years Will Come Again -'4 Glucose in California *i* Grapes and Bees ■^^' Grading Honey 'tn 'ifa Heating Honey i'- \\l Heddon Leaflet, the ^f° Heredity in W'orker Bees ^, VV'^-^ Honey Agrees with People Better that it did years ago. Why • ••\--^- "-1:,""^^, Honey Comb— the Impossible and Pc68ible..33Z Honey and its Uses ..... ..low Honey as Food-Why it Should be Eaten . . .340 Home-Matters at the Review ' ' H Horrit&Co ; ■ ■ ^. ^ -,"■' z How to get all of the Honey of the Fields into the Sections j^^ How Nature Cures ... . . . ■ • ■ • • i^i Horizontal Wiring that will not Sag 'oi Humane Bee-Iveeping • ■^'* Hygienic Living ^\^° Improving the Bees.... . . . ■ f°'' Italians Working on Red Glover ill Ivy'slllness %° Koaka, Home-Made .** Larger Bees Not Wanted... hf' Large Hives, Advantages of ■■".■o^^ Leaflets to Send out With Honey 44 m LiquefyiSI HoSey so that it will' Stay Liquefie^d Longevity in Bees, Importance of -26 Longevity of Bees. Difference in the . ■ ■■]^' Lysol and its Value in Treating Foal Brood.. 156 Mailing Queens . ■ 1^° Magazine Article on Bee-Keeping Pringle's Paper, Mr. \y^n Pringle's Article, a Reoly to Mr „,•:••, ' "^ ,i Preservation of Comb 'U l'l< 1'° Prevention of Increase .. 14^ Prospects for Future Honey Producers • '5 Patting up Honey for the Market . all Pure Honey Bill as Passed Amounts to Nothing, the . Queens, Late R-^ared •• ••- 221 Rauchfuss Combined Section Press and J p iin[)hL\ free on applicaion. DowAGiAc, Mich. 18961 To my customers and frientis : Please remember that W H. Laws is again headquarters for Italian queens. I breed nothing but large, well-developed queens, either Golden or Lpatlier-colored. My Golden strain is from Doolittle's original ONE HUNDBED dollab queen sent me after he liad reared over l.OUC queens from her. For business and beauty, my bees are nnexceiled. Price of queens, each. $1.00; six for $4..'J0. Tested, $1.2.i. Breeders, $2 to $4. Ad- dress 4 9a-tf W. H. LAWS, Lavaca Seb. Co.. Ark. Pie 'ition the Review. „,.w,f,rf«. ORl&INAL 5 BINGHAM \ SMOKE&Sl Have a Wonderful Record. HAVE LASTED 17 YEABS. \ \ Best oiiEartl]. Give Perfect Satisfaclioii. \ \ % C My cool Wire Handle and Bent Nose were 5 J patented i802, are the original, my best in- { « vention since iny open or direct draft pat- ■ 5 ent in 1878. Thar revolutionized Bee - Smo- » J kers. My Handle and Nose Patent bent all J * 1 he other smoker noses. None bnt Bingham « Smokers have I 1 1' you buy ^j^g? 5 Bingli a 5 and HONEY i ni-ver egiet i '.est i^lprovem^nts. g>«n n ine S m okers \ KNIVES .v-u will a Tlie ■• Uoctoi, ' ^4 inch 1 r- ^ \ ger than any other smoker on the markft— t ' .'ij^ inch htove, by mail, $1..50 j * Conqi ei or. ;^ iucl\ stove, by mail, . .. 1. 10 J " Lnri-'e, 2U ' " ' 1.00 J ; Plain, 2' '.0 J « Lttl*^ Wonder, 2 inch, wt. 10 oz. .00^ J liingiiam k, Hotherington Honey Knife. .80 ^ \ T. F. BINGnAM, FarweO, ffltcH. \ Mutii's ::: .'EY EXTRACTOR PElii'i:''Ti(.)N Id-wl.tst Smokers S^iuzirc eizvss Hopey Jz^rs, Etc. For Circulars, apply to Chas. F. Muth & Son Cor. Freeman & Central Aves.. Cincinnati, O. Send 10c. for Practical Hints to Bee Keepers. 1-96-tf. PleaSK tfention the Reuieui. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, 381 Violin for Sale. I am advertising for tlio woU known inaiui- facturers of musical ins^rum^>ntt^, Jno. K. StrattoniV Son, of Nmv Vt)rk, and taking iiiy pay in musical mercliainlise. 1 have now on hand a tiii(> violin outfit cousistinf; of violin, l)ow and casp. The violin is a " Stradiuarius. " Kfd, French finish, IukIi polish, and real ehoiiy trimmings, price $14.00. The t)ow is of the fin- est snakowood, ebony frog, linef an outfit that my dauirh- ter lias been using the past year with ttie best of s itisfHCtion to herself and teachers. Her violin has a more powerful, rich tone than some in- struments here that cost several times as mtich. I wish to sell this on tit. and would accept one- half nice, white extracteil honey in payment, the balance cash. It will be sent on a five days' trial, and if not entirely satisfactory can he re turned and the purchase money will be refunded. W. Z. HUTCHIFSON, Flint, Mich. G. M. LONG, Cedar Mines. Iowa, manu- facturer of and dealer in Apiarian Supplies. Send for circular. l-'.'6-6 Please mention the Peuieui. Is Here The yenr s97 is here and we arc happy to in- form <>ar friends and customers that we are bet- ter prepared than ever before to fill yiur orders for cpieens and ))ees. We have the largest stock ever opera'ed by us, and we mean to be ready with plenty of hoes and iiueens to fill all orders without delay that are sent us. Bees by the pound. iJl.OO; ton or more pounds. 91) cts. each. Untested (lueons ft)r 1897, $1.00 each in Feb., Mar.. .\pr. and May ; $.5.0(1 for six, or $900 ppr doz. For larger amounts write for prices. Have your orders booked for your early queens. Safe arrival guaranteed Root's goods, J.)adanL's foundation, and Bing- ham smokers. A steam bee-hive factory, and all kinds of bee suf>i)li<'s. The 5outhIaOnttd.\, $I.uu per year. Sprul fof catalog, which is almost a complete book on Southern bee-keeping, giving queen rearing in full, all free for the asking. If jou want full information about everything we have, and the bee book, don't fail to ask for our 1897 catalog. Tb« J«nni« Atcbley Co., Beeville, Bee ('o., Tex. BEE - KEEPERS' SURRLY HOUSE J. H. M CUOK. 283 Wash. St., N Y. Cily. {SUCCESSOR TO A. J. KING.) 4-93-tf Send for illustrated Catalogue HJ^ake Your Own Hives. J©ee » Keepers Will save money by usin*,'- our Foot Pow- er Saw in making' their hives, sections and boxes. Machines on trial. Send for Catalogue. W.F.&JHO. BARNES CO., •.m Ruby St., Rockford, Ills. 2 96 11 1^ 382 THE BEhJ-KEEPERS' REVIEW. The Staniard Cyclopaeiia of Useful Knowledge, insr FIVE voniXJiviEs. 1268 Pages ! 643 Handsome liSustrations I REGULAR PRICE, $1.25. OUR PRICE, 35 CENTS. A five-volume Cyclopsedia, the reirular price of which is 25 cents per volume, or $1.25 for the set, but which we offer for only 35 cents I We deliver the Cyclopaedia post-paid to any address in the United States or Canada. A live-volume Cyclopaedia for 35 cents (seven cents per volume) is a revelation in book-making, and sometbina never before attempted. The Standard Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge is published in five handsome volumes, well printed from clear, bold, readable type on Rood paper, and neatly bound in handsome colored paper covers. It contains a total of 12C8 pasas and no less than 613 handsome illustra- tions. Tlie scope of the work is remarkable, embrac- ing t^lmost all subjects that are of interest and value to tdo masses oftae people. Among the topics treated are History, Biography, Natural History, Travels, Manners and Customs, Wonders of the World, Manu- facture.?, Invention and Discovery, Wonders of the Sea, Lcivr, Mining, Foreign Products, Familiar Science, Statistics, Agriculture, Horticulture, Stock Raising, Poultry Keeping, Architecture, CooKery, Floriculture, Laciics' Fancy Work, Home Decoration. Etiquette, Lace Making, Painting, Home Amusements, The Nur- Fery, The Sick Koom, etc., etc. It describes the most famor.s ba'.tlcs and wonderful events of history; it contaiies portraits and biographies of the great- est st?.tosmec, authors, poet's, generals, clergymen, etc., of this and tlie preceding centui-y; it describes, illustrates and gives interesting information concern- ing ni-morou-i animals, birds, reptiles, fishes and in- sects; it illustrates and describes the life, habits, man- ners, customs, forms, rites and ceremonies of the peo- ple and tribes of every part of the world; it illu.strates and doscribos all the great natural and other wonders of t'jo world; it tel'.s all about the process of manu- (acLure of all the common and familiar things that we see every day al)out us; it tells the history of all the great inventions and discoveries of modern times; it describes and illustrates the many wonderful and beautiful things found at the bottom of the sea ; it con- tains much valuable information concerning law and legal matters; it describes and illustrates the mining of all the various metals and other substances; it tells all about the growth and culture of tropical and other fruits, plants," trees and foreign products of every de- scription; it contains interesting information concerning the earth and the solar system, also regarding sound, light, heat, elac'ricity, air, water, wind, rain, hail, snow, etc. ; it contains facts, figures and statistics of great value upon hundreds of interesting subjects: it gives important hints and suggestions to farmers concerning field crops, fertilizers, implements and machinery, stock raising, dairy farming, poultry keeping, bee keeping, etc., etc.; it contains, also, much useful inlbrmation concerning fruit raising and gardening; it gives designs and plans for houses, cottages, barns and otiier outbuildings; it contains hundreds of valuable cooking recipes and hints and helps for hou.sekeepers; it tells how to cure all common ailments by the use of simple home reme- dies, contains numerous toilet recipes, etc.; it gives important information upon the subject of floriculture, telling how to successfully grow all kinds of flowers and i)lants; it tells how to decorate and make the home beau- tilul, contains explicit directions for enhroidcry and painting, and numorous patterns for laces and crochet work; it contains a valuable treatise on etiquette, giving the ru'os of correct deportment for all occasions; it gives valuable advice to mothers upon the care andrearing of young children; and It contains a great fund of games and other ainus^mRnts for social gatherings and evenings at home. The contents of the Standard Cyclo- paedia of Useful Knowledsre are so extensive and so varied that we could not possibly, within the space at our command, enumerate more than the smallest fraction of them. It is a vast storehouse of useful and entertain- ing knowledge, containing the cream or substance of twenty ordinary volumes. It is a work for everybody— man, woman and child— ami contains information, instruction, hints, helps and suggestions that will be found of the utmost value and uset'iilness to all. No home sliouldbe without this great and valuable work. We will send The Standard Cvct.op.'BDiA of Useful KNowLEncE by mail post-paid to any address upon receipt of only Tlilrty.five Cents ! Special Premium Offer: l^'l's^ndThe standard cyclopedia of Useful Knowledge, as above (letciilea by mail postpaid, also the Review for one year, uixm receipt ,;pl.2."), which is only 25 cts. in addi- tion to my regular subscription price, so that you practically Ret this great work for only 25 cts- W. Z. HUTCHINSON. Flint, Mich. I WILL SEND YOU Tbe A\icbig2^r7 Feirrner And THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW, both one ijear for only .^IJir). You can find DO agricultural paper tiiat will give as much solid, practical matter devoted to the farm as the iMicliigau Farmer with its 20 pages filled each week with articles from the most practical and siicccHstiil farmers in the country. Its market reports are as complete and reliable as time and money can make them Send direct to tf e Michigan Fnrmer. Detroit. Mich., for a free sample copy, but address all orders for subscriptions to W. Z. HUrOHINSON, Flint, Midi. ©ffie® ®l flint, Mk^igaiPo My Bee-Keeping Priend If I am correct, your subscription expires with this issue. Having learned tliat the nnajority of readers prefer to have their periodicals continued until ordered stopped, I 8halli unless I receive orders to the contrary, continue to send the REVIEW right along, believing that such a course v\^ill meet your approval, For your convenience in remit- ting, I enclose an order-sheet and envelope. Should it not be convenient for you to send a remittance just at present, yet you desire the REVIEW continuedj fill out the order- sheet for the time that you wish the REVIEW to run^ and say when you can pay, and it will be all right. But if you wish the REVIEW discontinued, please return the order-sheet, with a statement to that effect, immediately, and your wish shall be complied with. Now, please bear in mind that, if I do not hear from you im- mediately, I shall infer that you wish the REVIEW contin- ued, and that you will shortly return the envelope with a remittance. Whether your decision favors my efforts or not, I most sincerely thank you for past patronage. As ever yours, W, Z, HUTCHINSON. p. S.-If you prefer to have the Review stopped at the expiration of the time paid for. please say so when renewing, and jour wish shall be complied with. THE BEE-KEEPERS' REVIEW. 383 WRITE U5- Before ordering your sections ami wc will give you BOTTOM PRICES on the "BOSS" ONE-PIECE SEGIONS, Also D. T. HIVES, SHIPPING CRATES and other Supplies. We have everything in tiptop order, and can till orders on short notice. Let us hear from you for prices. J. FOi?rici?orK & CO., Jan tst, 1S94. Watertown, Wis. If the Review ia mentioned when answer- ing an advertisement in its columns, a favor is conferred upon both the publisher and the advertiser. It helps the former'by raising this journal in the estimationlof the adverti- ser, and it enables the latter to decide as to which advertising mediums are most profit- able. If you would help the Review be sure and say " I saw your ad in the Review." h ^r A A LOOK MOTHERS A RARE TREAT FOR YOU ALL. Mp. m /r jA J\S 1 11 1 Boys Sampson Suit, with Extra Pair of Pants, fop\) It] ii^y^tVV AND WB PAY EXPRESS CHAR3ES TO YOUR DOOR. WUtt\J 3 RSlVi£M3ER, you buy direct from one of thelargesl Wholesale Clothing Manufacturers in Americ*. and by so doing you save three Profits. OU«» FACTORIFS, The above mentioned $2.76 Boys Sampson Suit with Extra Pants is guaranteed to be made from an imported Wool Cheviot, in Jet Black, Dark Blue, Oxford Grey and Olive Brown, in sizes from J to 9 years of age. They are made up as per cut below in double breasted with Sailor Col!?r, braided with wide surtasch Braid, lined with a fast Black Albert Twill Sateen Lining, Trimming and Work- manship throughout the best money can procure. Coat has 2 Side Pockets, a Top and Cash Pocket. Patent Waist Bands used on all Pants, also Pistol Pockets on all Pants. In Sizes from 10 to 15 years of age made up as per opposite cut, DoLble Breasted with extra Pants at same Price S? 71^ Expressage paid to your door. In remitting send either Post Office or Express Money Older £^^ or Registered Letter and for measure send age of Bey at last Birthday and if large or small for his age. FREE TO EVERYBODY our Illustrated Priced Catalogue in which you will find Boys Suits from 98c. up Youths Long Pants Suits from $2.00 up and Mens Suits f-om .*2 50 UD. E. ROSENBURSEE & CO.. 204 E. 102d St, New York City 384 THF BEE-KEEPERS' REVijaW. H *"'* "" '' '■■■^- ■■■■"■■■•*■■ •■■•*•-•-••*-•-•*■-••-•*■-•-•♦•'■•••••■•* '••••••••*|| '{0 III l^l^ase Bro5. piapo §o., | l^ /][\ai7ufa(;turer8 of •■■'••;• M <^j\f\§>E Bi^05. apd J^/l(;^\uv pi/^f(OS ! •;* Buy Direct apd Sa^e Dealers' profits apd |K /^§epts' C^omn^issioQS. ::•.:■ I:;*;*'* 9:W W Muskegon, Chicago, H 8 Mich. Illinois, f? ^^ .^^ ^ , ,^^^ ._ ,^^ ^ ., .^_ ^ .^_ ^ . .^. ^ _ .^ . ..^. ^ . .^,,^. ..^.^..^^ . ,^^,^^^^ .^..£ "M. =iiii*^•:?.vA•*•^•:••:?•vA•J»'^:.•■^•vA•*^^^^