wwapew setrpe psy esee: TSE == srtasespe Saeetesisgetrsitriee ees rears sts, ez eect pestseaee ss tptiirirssarte estristststitscatatas = Peet seces4 * beset cee ta tat =. Sac rus sh peer ts aeee sete ee err er errs eae et eet ata ati testetenelesece rp piss pe Saes areca pepe p ity Sp aseteistsisiessesets sake pores Te se: FIPS SIsi IHS Ie MIs Seat ratie alas erpeee ape peer pe ret Sepe rere rad ey ae stgresasistrssts te’ Bxriateasitipeey Sass pape see eer ee =2, rislrie ips ==7 Gass_O B354 a ca Biel |ER FRU Vortume_ VI JUIEAG, UGA NumBeEr 1 FRUIT SHIPPERS AND DEALERS EDITION Courtesy of Sutherlin Land and If ater Co., Sutherlin, Oregon NOT A “FULL DINNER PAIL,’ BUT A “FULL FRUIT BASKET” FOR THE FRUIT GROWER, FRUIT DEALER AND CONSUMER BETTER FRUIT PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, HOOD RIVER, OREGON Official Organ of the Northwest Fruit Growers’ Association Subscription $1.00 per Year—Single Copy 10 Cents All the Grand Prizes and All the Gold Medals i re Unknown : Dangerous Fruit Pests a U 2 Given by the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle in the famous in 1909 to pumps were awarded to BitterRootValley | | “AMERICAN” "iti . “American” single stage cen- ; ; trifugal pumps are guaranteed to on Montana’s Pacific Slope : attain efficiencies of 60 to 80 per Where the Wormless Apples Grow f é cent on total Desa toa of : with an equal increase in head for Smu dging Is Unnecessary r rah | E : each additional stage, which makes them the most economical pump = ; pera made for irriga- There has not been a killing frost on the bench ‘ tion purposes. lands in the growing season in the history of the gy ae _ Cant) (Ane 7 ; : “ trifugals are made Valley. There are no dust storms. | = Dhak hee Pure water and sunshine 300 days in the year —_ nis, Poa! LLL and vertical styles, make ideal health conditions. Ga Ts : number te eae Net profits annually range from $2,000 to $5,000 G are equipped aiteeeee power. on a matured apple orchard of only ten acres. Write for “Efficiency Undeveloped land in this remarkable fruit dis- \ nee ane Cee trict can still be bought for less money than is asked > eminent hydraulic engi- in other valleys less perfectly adapted by nature for , a nec the este ; oh : “ae, ° : oast. om ta- successful fruit growing. Values now range from loguel NGNeig dia eeeam $250 to $350 per acre. Developed tracts of ten acres, with contract to | The American Well Works cultivate and care for same to five-year maturity, Se cost only $5,000 if purchased now. Easy terms of ie ee eee ee ee Se payment for both developed and undeveloped land. Sie ogee cee) il alll Detailed information upon request. EA GUAC COAST ES SEC ENC eee 70 FREMONT STREET, SAN FRANCISCO 341 SOUTH LOS ANGELES STREET, LOS ANGELES Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co. ; SECOND AND ASH STREETS, PORTLAND, OREGON ; : abe _, 1246 FIRST AVENUE SOUTH, SEATTLE First National Bank Building, CHICAGO 305 COLUMBIA BUILDING, SPOKANE THE GRAVITY IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF THE SPOKANE VALLEY Has developed the greatest apple and berry district of the West. Nearness to market causes larger net returns than in any other locality. Seventy-two trains daily through the valley. Every modern conyen- ience. “Life’s journey is swift; let us live by the way.” The Spokane Valley has the unique distinction of being the only established apple district near a big city. Think what that means and investigate. Five thousand contented settlers. : Wiss, Va Si IRRIGATION SYS M JUN) WISN WEST HOMES AND SCHOOL IN THE SPOKANE VALLEY SPOKANE VALLEY IRRIGATED LAND CO. 401 SPRAGUE AVENUE, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON r WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETPER Trapster By Amel IUNeSl¥22 } (Q wh { | v2 a 1911 BETTER FRUIT Bae NORTHWESTERN FRUIT EXCHANGE A FEDERATION OF PACIFIC NORTHWEST FRUIT GROWERS’ INTERESTS The following local fruit associations are now affiliated with the Northwestern Fruit Exchange for the season of 1911, because the results obtained by the Exchange last year demonstrated beyond question that the important problem of how the fruits should be marketed in order to be of the greatest direct benefit to the growers of Oregon, Washington and Idaho, had been solved: OREGON Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association Dufur Valley Fruit Growers’ Union i Eugene Fruit Growers’ Association La Grande Fruit Association Umpqua Valley Fruit Union Imbler Fruitmen’s Association Salem Fruit Union The Dalles Fruit Growers’ Association Farmers’ Union Exchange Corvallis Fruit Growers’ Association Cove Fruit Union WASHINGTON Cashmere Fruit Growers’ Union Spokane Highland Fruit Growers’ Association Stevens County Fruit Growers’ Union Ridgefield Fruit and Produce Association Dryden Fruit Growers’ Union IDAHO Payette Fruit Packing Company, Ltd. Emmett Fruit Growers’ Association, Ltd. Weiser River Fruit Association Clearwater River Fruit Growers’ Union New Plymouth Fruit Growers’ Union, Ltd. Buhl Fruit Growers’ Association Parma-Roswell Fruit Growers’ Association Council Fruit Shippers’ Union Nampa Fruit Growers’ Association The successful marketing of 700 cars of fruit by the Exchange, from all sections of the Pacific Northwest, in 1910, through the employment of thoroughly scientific methods, giving consideration to the laws of supply and demand throughout the world, was appreciated to the extent that already between 2,000 and 3,000 cars of the 1911 crop are represented in the volume of products to be handled by the Exchange, and negotiations are in progress for the affilia- tion of a number of additional associations. The Northwest grower wants results. Results in the orchard business can only be accomplished by using the most direct movement of the output between the grower and the consuming trade. It is the saving that counts. The grower wants, and should get, every cent of legitimate profit that he is entitled to. The difference between the cost of produc- ing the fruit, and its actual market value, belong to the grower. Actual market values can only be obtained by placing the fruit in the markets where it is wanted, and not in the over-stocked markets. The Northwestern Fruit Exchange places the fruit before the consuming trade that is waiting for it. This can only be done by a daily and intimate knowl- edge of the markets universal. One hundred and twenty-five markets were employed by the Exchange in disposing of the 700 cars in 1910; not more than 65 markets had ever been used by the entire Northwest in any previous season in placing its entire output. Nearly every state in the Union tasted of Northwest fruits in 1910, due to this method. New markets previously unacquainted with our products immediately repeated their demand for it. The Exchange obtained for its representative growers in 1910 record prices for the season. It discounted every other means of selling, and in certain sections where represented, saved the growers between 20 and 30 cents per box over other methods. If every Northwest grower had saved 20 cents per box in 1910, the aggregate would have amounted to one million dollars. Local associations are earnestly invited to investigate the principles, policy and methods of the Exchange; its records are open to all legitimate growers, and full information will be cheerfully sent upon application. Local associations or unions desiring to consider the use of our marketing system for the 1911 crop are requested to let us know at the earliest moment, as our pro-season campaign will be commenced in the immediate future through our district offices in the United States. NORTHWESTERN FRUIT EXCHANGE General Offices, Spalding Building, Portland, Oregon President, REGINALD H. PARSONS (President Hillcrest Orchard Co., Vice President, W. N. IRISH (President Yakima County Horticultural Medford, Oregon; Director Rogue River Fruit and. Produce Asso- Union) ciation ) Treasurer and General Manager, W. F. GWIN (Secretary Kemmar Secretary, C. A. MALBOEUF Orchard Company) WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT eas 2 ro) Page 4 IF YOU WANT TO MAR K Bit) Or Ux FRUIT RIGHT INLNYANTS SIgUIe WO W.B. Glatke Co. WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE 108-110 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Mark Levy & Co. COMMISSION MERCHANTS WHOLESALE FRUITS 121-123 FRONT AND 200 WASHINGTON ST. PORTLAND, OREGON T. O'MALLEY CO. COMMISSION MERCHANTS Wholesale Fruits and Produce We make a specialty in Fancy Apples, Pears and Strawberries 130 Front Street, Portland, Oregon BETTER FRUIT W. H. DRYER DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. July W. W. BOLLAM GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT STREET PHONES: MAIN 2348 A 2348 Levy & Spiegl WHOLESALE FRUITS & PRODUCE Commission Merchants SOLICIT YOUR CONSIGNMENTS Top Prices and Prompt Returns PORTLAND, OREGON Richey & Gilbert Co. H. M. Givsert, President and Manager Growers and Shippers of YAKIMA VALLEY FRUITS AND PRODUCE Specialties: Apples, Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON 235-238 West Street Strictly commission house. Exporters of Newtown Pippins to their own representatives in England QUALITY QUALITY QUALITY WILLEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER PRUIT pears and prunes. SGOBEL & DAY Established 1869 PORTLAND, OREGON Correspondence Solicited RYAN & VIRDEN CO. BUTTE, MONTANA Branch Houses: Livingston, Bozeman, Billings. Montana Pocatello, Idaho Salt Lake City, Utah Wholesale Fruit and Produce We Have Mopern Cotp SToraGE FACILITIES ESSENTIAL FoR HANDLING Your PRopucTs A strong house that gives reliable market reports and prompt cash returns FAMOUS HOOD RIVER APPLES Spitzenbergs, Newtowns, Jonathans, Arkansas Blacks, Ortleys, Baldwins, Winesaps, R. C. Pippins, Ben Davis, M. B. Twigs Look Good, Taste Better, Sell Best Grade and Pack Guaranteed Apple Growers’ Union Hood River, Oregon NEW YORK Specialists in apples, 1ort BETTER FRUIT Page 5 D. CROSSLEY & SONS Established 1878 APPLES FOR EXPORT California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Florida fruits. Apples handled in all European markets. Checks mailed from our New York office same day apples are sold on the other side. We are not agents; we sell apples. We make a specialty of handling APPLES, PEARS AND PRUNES on the New York and foreign markets. Correspondence solicited. 200 to 204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK PEW YORK IL, JD Wet IR JP ©) © IL iO UN DIO GIL AS EO Wy SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. LIVERPOOL and MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS & CO. GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. GLASGOW LONDON J. H. LUTTEN & SON OMER DECUGIS ET FILS HAMBURG PARIS European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS: Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co. Walter Webling John Brown Ira B. Solomon Wm. Clement D. L. Dick 204 Franklin Street, New York 46 Clinton Street, Boston Brighton,Ontario Canning, Nova Scotia Monteal, Quebec Portland, Maine OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS Irrigation - Drainage - Conservation - Development In whatever way you are trying to get the most out of your land, you like to get all the help you can for the least money. There are and will be in every number of the NATIONAL LAND AND IRRIGATION JOURNAL enough helpful suggestions and items of valuable information about what is being done or tried in your own section and in other places to cover the subscription price a dozen times. The price is only One Dollar a year. Send it today, in any form your please. NATIONAL LAND AND IRRIGATION JOURNAL 30 SOUTH MARKET STREET CHICAGO, ILLINOIS If yo bet Subscrib Pee hoi O R EGO N for a THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN The Largest Commercial Magazine in the West. Devoted to upbuilding Oregon and the Pacific Northwest SUBSCRIBE NOW, $1.50 PER YEAR ADDRESS THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN DAVID N. MOSESSOHN, Publisher Suite 717 Chamber of Commerce Building, PORTLAND, OREGON WITEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ae BETTER FRUIT July Ship Your APPLES and PEARS to the Purely Commission and Absolutely Reliable House W. DENNIS & SONS LIMITED COVENT GARDEN MARKET ay CUMBERLAND STREET LONDON LIVERPOOL Increased 194 per cent in population, according to MCEWEN & KOSKEY Wholesale Fruit and Produce and General Commission Merchants Uncle Sam’s last census. This is more than any BOO K S’ | ‘O R i ( other large city in the PACIFIC NORTHWEST. WASHINGTON e e Leads all states of the Union in growth, having Office Supplies increased 120.4 per cent, according to the same authority. e If you want accurate information about Seattle Stationery and Washington, subscribe for PACIFIC NORTHWEST COMMERCE 129 Front Street, Portland, Oregon Ledgers, Journals, Time Books The official publication of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce. Comes monthly, $1.50 a year. Memorandum Books CONSIGNMENTS Address Rubber Stamps PACIFIC NORTHWEST COMMERCE Are solicited, all your shipments Souvenir Postals Piccureubrames Suite 842 Central Building receiving our personal attention SEATTLE, WASHINGTON Spitzenbergs & Newtowns From the Hood River Valley, Oregon Took the first prize on carload entry at the Third National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, and Chicago, Illinois, 1910. The Spitzenberg car scored, out of a possible 1,000 points, 997. The Newtown car, out of a possible 990 points, scored 988. The Spitzenberg carload also won the championship carload prize at this show. Can You Beat It? We have got land improved and unim- proved that is growing such fruit and that can grow it. We are agents for the Mount Hood Railroad Company’s logged off lands in —_— Upper Hood River Valley. Many started The above picture shows a prize-winning exhibit of Upper Hood River Valley apples at the 3 : Hood River Apple Show in a small way; today they are independ- ent. You can begin today. It pays to see é us. Send today for large list of Hood W 4 J. Baker & Company Hood River River orchard land, improved and unim- Oregon proved, and handsome illustrated booklet. The oldest real estate firm in Hood River. Best apple land our specialty WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 7 FREY-WATKINS CO. ING ROCHESTER, NEW YORK JOBBERS OF Fruits and Produce in Straight and Mixed Cars Cold storage at Le Roy and Hilton, New York. Ship your apples to us for sale and storage. Reasonable advances, prompt returns. References: Produce Reporter Company, mercantile agencies, the banks of Rochester Ryan & Newton | | YAKIMA COUNTY Company HORTICULTURAL UNION Wholesale Fruits & Produce North Yakima, Washington Stanley-Smith Lumber Co. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL C. R. Paddock, Manager Spokane, Washington Apples, Pears, Peaches, Cherries We have modern cold stor- Plums, Prunes, Apricots, Grapes anal : dc 1 age facilities essential for the a ea comaes handling of your products LUMBER Lath, Shingles, Wood, Etc. Mixed carloads start about July 20. Straight carloads in season. Our fruit is the very best grade; pack guaranteed INOW CASI sl IRIBINUIRINS We use Revised Economy Code Reliable Market Reports HOOD RIVER, OREGON District National Bank Economy American National Bank Codes - Bakers | Revised Citrus ERNEST M. MERRICK Wholesale Fruit Commission Merchant APPLES A SPECIALTY 937-939 B Street, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. References | We have been established here for over twenty-two years in one of the best localities in the city. Our facilities are at least equal to any house in the city in our line of business. we wenn: NS Ridley, Houlding 8& Co. A PP i E S Mohs GARDEN, ee oe WE WANT TO REPRESENT THE GROWERS OF BETTER FRUIT. We know that our BETTER METHODS of selling will bring BETTER RESULTS A Trial Solicited All Shipments Receive Personal Attention WITTEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page § BETTER FRUIT July APPLE, CHERRY | ‘TREES PEAR, PEACH “TREES MILTON NURSERY COMPANY A. MILLER & SONS, Inc. You cannot afford to take a chance in buying trees to plant for future profit. It requires knowledge, exper- ience and equipment to grow reliable nursery stock. OUR 33 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in growing first-class trees, true to name, for commercial orchards, insures our customers against any risk as to quality and genuineness of stock. Orders are now being booked for fall delivery 1911. Catalog and price list free for the asking. Address all communications to MILTON NURSERY COMPANY, Milton, Oregon ORCHARD YARN For methods and advantages in using Orchard Yarn read the first article in December issue of “Better Fruit’? by a world expert. Tarred Orchard Yarn is used by the foremost growers in all sections. Natural, practical, economical method of supporting heavily laden trees instead of props. Makes culti- vation easier and does not chafe the limbs. Testimony: More Yarn sold last year than all previous years combined. Soid by all dealers. Manufactured and sold by THE PORTLAND CORDAGE COMPANY PORTLAND, OREGON SEATTLE, WASHINGTON OPPORTUNI Tm SIM sls EAI OW Wise eULIL” In the Spokane Valley, Washington THE KIND OF IRRIGATED FRUIT LAND THAT MEANS BIG PROFITS FOR YOU OPPORTUNITY has not only proven itself one of the finest orchard projects in the Northwest, but is the ideal place for the home-builder. Its proximity to the city of Spokane, three miles distant, splendid market facilities, steam and electric lines, churches, schools, electric lights, telephone service, water under pressure for domestic use, and the irrigation water carried to highest point on each tract, gives the pur- chaser all the conveniences of the city and the com- forts of the country. GET THE FACTS—WRITE FOR BOOKLET Modern Irrigation and Land Company A PRODUCING ORCHARD AT OPPORTUNITY, WASHINGTON 326 First Avenue SPOKANE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIL BETTER FRUIT Page 9 KIMBALL CULTIVATOR Great Weeds and Ferns Exterminator Ninety Per Cent Hood River Orchardists Send for yes Use Illustrated Descriptive Booklet This Machine Hood River, Oregon, February 26, 1910 Mr. W. A. Johnston, The Dalles, Oregon Dear Sir: Iuse three “Kimball Cultivators” in my orchard. There is nothing better as a weeder, dust mulcher, or to stir the soil. Yours truly, Balin shepard, Was7o7a\Onerte7 i 7r. W.A.JOHNSTON, Manufacturer Office and Factory, 422 East Third Street, The Dalles, Oregon Long Distance Phone, Red 991 Page 10 BETTER FRUIT July White Salmon, Washington, Orchard Lands, 30 Day Specials 777—10 acres first-class orchard land, only 5 miles out; red shot soil, fine view, on county road. Only $125 per acre, on easy terms. 779—20 acres 7% miles out, near sawmill, store and postoffice ; easily cleared, some brush land; 1 acre under plow; small cabin; good soil. Present price only $2,100; easy terms. 788—ao acres near large orchard company’s property ; county road on one side; little or practically no waste land; red shot soil; 11 miles to town, 2 miles to postoffice; owner needs money. Sell for $75 per acre; $500 cash, $25 per month, 7 per cent interest. 790—8o acres only 8 miles from North Bank station, 2 miles to store and postoffice. $5,000 for the 80; only $2,000 cash, $1,000 per year, 7 per cent interest. THIS OFFER THIS MONTH ONLY. H. W. DAY REALTY CO., White Salmon, Washington (Successors to White Salmon Realty Co.) i IIP PILLS PLUMS PEARS Pla lalla PRUNES oA — ag) A — 2| WHITE SALMON VALLEY Cerostimey |S O OPPORTUNITY | 5 5 Located across the Columbia River from Hood River, Oregon, the White Salmon Valley offers |Z es the greatest opportunities of any land on earth to fruit growers. z Zz WHERE APPLES, CHERRIES, PEACHES, PEARS, PRUNES AND STRAWBERRIES A GROW TO PERFECTION a G A few dollars invested in fruit land today will return to you in a very few years sixty-fold. Z, The SOIL, CLIMATE, WATER and SCENERY are unsurpassed by that of any country. = > oe Editor Better Fruit: Want to congratulate you on the very excellent color work in your May issue. The entire issue is an excellent piece of work. We hope to be able to swell our account with you in the next twelve months. Yours truly, Lord & Thomas, Chicago. INTERIOR YTYW OF BARNETT BROS.’ STORE. FRUIT AND PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 159 SOUTH WATER STREET, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS EXHIBIT OF APPLES AT STORE OF GIBSON FRUIT COMPANY, BETTER FRUIT CHICAGO, ILLINOIS THE PRODUCE REPORTER COMPANY— WHAT IT IS HE subject of “Credits” is a large one. It is of vital importance to every grower who ships, to every ship- per or shipping association, to every commission merchant and broker in the United States. The care, toil and money expended in the raising of a fruit crop is heavy. It covers months of labor, physi- cal and mental. All this may be lost by one or two fatal mistakes in determining to whom to sell or consign the crop. How is the average producer, or asso- ciation of producers, or individual shipper to pass upon the reliability of those who offer to purchase, or who seek consign- ments? It is practically impossible, one season with another, to sell for spot cash before the goods leave the shipping point. It is even a question of whether as large net cash returns result from selling for spot cash to a few traveling buyers as follow from getting the top price to be had from widely distant mar- kets by the customary method of quoting and selling daily by wire, and shipping to high class firms. The spot cash plan is the surest, but it is not always possible. Every whether an indi- vidual or needs to prepare for whatever conditions may prevail dur- ing the scattered, marketing unit. association, “shipping season.” The only “credit guide’ of value to shippers must be based on the actual experience of shippers. The financial responsibility of shippers’ distant cus- tomers is of secondary concern; the main point is their reliability, or disposition to live up to purchase contracts (when the market declines before the car arrives), or if consigned to make honest returns. The mercantile agencies have never fur- nished this class of information and never can. It is a special line of investigation that their reporters or system is not qualified to make and pass upon, conse- quently their reports and ratings do not satisfy shippers. At least, this was my experience as a shipper of produce and fruit. This was why the Produce Repor- ter Company was organized—not only to report, but to inspect, adjust or resell rejected shipments anywhere in the United States. All of the reasons that argue for co-op- eration in local shipping associations apply with even greater force for a national credit and adjusting organiza- tion; but the commission merchants and brokers also have troubles—with careless or unreliable shippers, so the organiza- tion recognized the need of not only associating shippers with shippers, but shippers with commission mer- chants and brokers—not arraying class against class, but uniting them. Right here arose the self-evident necessity for adopting working rules and establishing grades, standardizing fruit and produce, as well as classifying dealers. The best thought of 1 and receivers of different specialties, as well as the standards and customs, statute laws and court decisions, have been codified, and constitute a very valuable feature of the r blue book, joining leading shippers organization's credit book, o as it is commonly termed. All of these features and others that space prevents mentioning have resulted from continuous, hearty, genuine effort of dealers of all classes to “get together” and establish a workable system for use in the daily activities of the produce and fruit business. Every shipper and every July commission merchant or broker needs to connect with desirable dealers at the other end of the line, and his own credit standing is of as great if not greater importance as a knowledge of the busi- ness reputation of his customer, perhaps a thousand miles away. Here is a prac- tical incentive for high business ethics— here is the daily reward in increased confidence and business between dealers widely separated geographically. Besides all the mercenary advantages there is the greater one—the common inspiration that has fired the membership and actuated the management—the establishment of a great national organization in which the Opportunities for misunderstandings are largely avoided from trading under equi- table established rules, and rating men on their honor, not their money—a credit system that puts “the man above the dolar.” This is no dream—or if it was a dream it has come true—and every reader can assist himself and his industry in bring- ing the system to the highest perfection, by joining, lending his moral and finan- cial support. and in turn be protected by the organization that is today a terror to crooks, no matter whether the crooks are commission merchants, brokers or ship- pers—for good business ethics are not confined to any class. One word more, the well known fruit or produce crooks are not the most dan- eerous; their very notoriety reduces their opportunities, but as a dealer once wrote us, “I don’t get hurt by the notorious crooks, but by the well rated scoundrels in the old agency books.” Twelve years has so thoroughly established the confi- dence of the trade in our organization that an unfavorable rating in the blue book is dreaded, and with cause, for it has helped put numerous crooks out of business, but what is of more importance and satisfaction to the management, it has helped and inspired many to do bet- ter. Thanking you for your valued space, and congratulating you on your special life work for “Better Fruit,’ which, par- don me, is next in importance to mine, “Better Credits,’ I am, yours cordially. A. L. Baker, Secretary Produce Reporter Company. Oe GYTON. EXHIBIT OF APPLES AT STORE OF G. M. H. WAGNER & SONS, CHICAGO IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 209 COLD STORAGE BILL PENDING BEFORE CONGRESS WHAT THE INTERNATIONAL APPLE SHIPPERS’ ASSOCIATION HAS TO SAY ABOUT IT FFICERS of the International Apple Shippers’ Association urge growers and distributors of apples and other kinds of fruit to exert their influence with senators and congressmen to defeat in its present form the bill now pending in Congress restricting cold storage of foodstuff. If the measure as drafted is enacted it will operate greatly to the disadvantage of the apple industry. The shippers’ association has issued the following communication on the subject: “Growers and distributors of apples must be active to their interests. “The primary purpose of the bill was evidently to regulate the storage of beef, veal, pork, sheep, lambs, poultry, game, fish, eggs and butter and their products. Such language, however, was used in framing the bill that there is no question but that apples fall clearly within its provisions. “Section 2.—After providing definite terms of storage for the products named above, these words are used: ‘Or any article of food which, having been held in cold storage for any period of time, has been removed therefrom or returned again to cold storage shall be deemed to be adulterated within the meaning of this act.’ “Section 3.—No food product, having been once placed in cold storage and removed therefrom shall again be placed in cold storage. “Section 5.—That the term cold storage * * * shall be construed to mean the deposit of food products in warehouses, buildings or other receptacle where for a longer period than ten days the tem- perature is artificially kept at forty degrees Fahrenheit or below, except when the products are actually in transit and have not previous to such transit been in cold storage. “Under these provisions apples from cold storage must go directly on the mar- ket without regard to weather or other conditions. Apples placed in cold stor- age in producing centers, whether in Oregon, California, Washington, Colo- rado, New York or New England, can- not again be placed in storage at ultimate destination even to save them from total waste and destruction. Cars ordered out from the Northwest, or from the East going West, must take their chances of finding a suitable market and weather upon their arrival after many days. These conditions cannot be foreseen. South out of cold storage cannot be protected by refrigera- Shipments to the tion upon arrival. “Under the definition of ‘cold storage’ employed in section 5 ice boxes in distributing houses would be barred, for they are a receptacle’ where the temperature is ‘artificially kept at forty degrees Fahrenheit or below’ for than ten throughout the season. even the use of longer days, viz., In other words, stack your cold storage boxes and pile your cold barrels in a store and, on a glutted market or during a warm wave, watch them go down. a period storage warm HOOD RIVER APPLES ON SALE ALONG “THE STREET” IN NEW YORK CITY “Primary distribution is also a serious element involved. Apples for cold stor- age are put in as soon as possible after packing. Future markets cannot be fore- seen. The season for picking and pack- ing and storing is short. Production is large. At the present time this fruit can be placed in any storage available and with only a general regard for future distribution. Denied the right to re-store when necessary to protect your fruit from decay and your investment from loss and it will be necessary to seriously consider the point of primary storage. Shifting the points of primary storage will, in many instances, cause your fruit to go into refrigeration in a weaker con- dition than it now does and may ulti- mately add to the expense not only in shrinkage, but in freight rates. The result will be too little storage at some points and too much at others. “Furthermore, it would appear from section 5 that cold storage apples which were in transit in a refrigerator car for a period longer than ten days, if by some rare chance the temperature in the car were forty degrees or under, would be deemed adulterated. You will note that the exception reads: ‘Except when the products are actually in transit and have not previous to such transit been in cold storage. How about shipments from Washington, Oregon, etc.? While all of these conditions are not of usual occur- rence, yet they open the door to needless trouble, dispute and litigation. “Section 3 also provides that anv article of food which has been in cold storage and which fails to bear a label stating the date of production, killing, packing or manufacturing and the period of time during which the article has been held in cold storage shall be deemed mis-branded. “Section 4.—Every person who places any food product in a package or con- tainer bearing a false or fraudulent statement as to the quantity, quality or character of the contents thereof * * * or causes or allows to be placed any fraudulent brand, mark or statement upon said package or container shall be deemed guilty of mis-branding. “With reference to section 3 there is no objection to stating fully when apples go into cold storage and come out. They are advertised as from cold storage. No accusation has ever been made against ‘new laid’ Missouri Ben Davis in Janu- ary, or ‘strictly fresh’ Spitz in February. or ‘fresh killed’ New York Baldwins in March. The apple deal is closed up every year. There are no ‘hang-overs.’ These facts are known. Why, therefore, should and distributors be placed under the extra expense of plac- ing labels on every box and barrel of apples in cold storage? “Section 4, relating to false statements as to quality and character, opens a beau- tiful field for litigation. Marks indicating quality and character are like the sands of the sea in number.” growers Page 30 BETTER FRUIT A GREAT FRUIT FIRM OF A GREAT WESTFRN CITY Ne the metropolis of the Middle West, with a popula- tion of over three hundred thousand, is tributary to St. Paul, making a combined population for the two cities known as the “Twin Cities’ of over half a million. Minneapolis is the railway terminal of some of the largest trunk lines. It also has many branch lines running to the large wheat fields and rich farming country tributary. This city receives and distributes many cars of fruit and vegetables of all kinds during the season. It also has many car lot distributing points in adjoining states. Very little fruit of any nature being grown in the State of Minnesota makes Minneapolis one of the largest and best fruit markets in the world. Minneapolis is the third largest city in the United States in the distribution of carload lots of green fruits, and among the largest and most up-to-date houses handling fruits in Minneapolis is the Gamble Robinson Commission Company. This company has a paid up capital of $400,000, is located on the main street of the famous Central Market and has a frontage of seventy-seven feet, a depth of one hundred feet, or a total floor space of over 30,000 square feet. They also have seven subsidiary companies, or associate houses, located at the very best points within and without the state; have a sales force of forty traveling men, thor- oughly covering the states of Minnesota, North and South Dakota, Iowa, Wiscon- sin, Michigan, Montana and the Canadian provinces, including Ontario. This firm makes a specialty of green fruits, which they handle through their associate houses, at distributing points and through the Minneapolis house, or at auction in Minneapolis. They also make a specialty of box apples, and their record on the number of cars handled the past few years has been remarkable. More than this, they represent the great- est force exerted in the fruit business today in the direction of correct methods and straightforward ways of getting into the good graces of the various associa- tions with whom they do business. They are now open for contracts with associa- tions or straight carlot shippers for both deciduous fruits and box apples, and offer an outlet undoubtedly as large if not larger than any fruit firm. The Gamble Robinson Commission Company's asso- ciate houses are located as follows: Gamble Robinson Fruit Company, St. Paul; Gamble Robinson Fruit and Pro- duce Company, Mankato; Gamble Robin- son Fruit and Produce Company, Pipe- stone, and Gamble Robinson Company, Rochester, in Minnesota; Gamble Robin- son Fruit Company, Aberdeen, South Dakota; Gamble Robinson Fruit Com- pany, Miles City, Montana, and Gamble Robinson Fruit Company, Oelwein, Iowa. © © © Roycroft Shop, East Aurora, New York, June 10, 1911. Dear Mr. Shepard: We believe that “Better Fruit” should be received by us, and The Fra should be among your magazines, so we suggest that you put us on your exchange list and we will put you on ours—each for other's good. In case this arrangement is satisfac- tory to you please record this name on your list: Elbert Hubbard, Box 14, Willink, New York. The writer would personally like to have your magazine, and if it is mailed to the above address IT will be sure to get it, but otherwise it is apt to get lost in the shuffle here at the office. Yours very sincerely, Elbert Hubbard. SIXTH STREET, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA—THE FRUIT AND PRODUCE STREET July A. M. CLELAND General Passenger Agent Northern Pacific Railway St. Paul, Minnesota The Northern Pacific Railway handles immense numberys of cars of fruit annually from Yakima Valley and other fruit territory along the line FUTURE OF THE APPLE INDUSTRY HE planting of so many commercial orchards in the various fruit dis- tricts, especially the Pacific States, and the rehabilitation of old orchards in many sections of the East by state experiment officials, under improved methods of horticulture, the crop will be of such huge proportions as to tax to the limit the best efforts of apple experts to find channels through which to dispose of the fruit. With compulsory pruning, spraying and thinning of apples, the fruit should reach such a state of perfection as to rapidly increase the con- sumption among all classes and in all countries. It will soon be considered a crime to make cider out of any but per- fect apples. With the care that should be given orchards inferior sized or worm-eaten apples should be unknown. Sutton Brothers of Columbus, Ohio, are recognized as apple specialists in every city from Maine to Washington. They make a specialty of fancy box and barrel apples, and have them in their store every day in the year. Their sales are made largely to fancy grocers and stand trade at home and in nearby cities, and they are car lot distributors for Western box apples and the famous Ohio Rome Beauty in barrels, when their state (Ohio) has a crop. They have been actively engaged in the apple business for twenty years, and know from experience how to pick, pack and ship fine fruit, and also know how to obtain the market price as well. This firm was the first to introduce box apples in the Columbus market, and they are strong believers in boxes for fancy apples; in fact they believe boxes are the coming package for apples of all grades. native IOII BETTER FRUIT Page 31 COMMISSION MERCHANTS’ ANNUAL CONVENTION ARD it is for a man from Mil- waukee to be serious. We live in an atmosphere permeated with good fellowship, an atmosphere that dis- places a frown with a smile. Even in our domestic relations we whistle before we attempt to make a mean retort, and look so foolish when we pucker that all meanness is relegated and a laugh takes its place. But I have taken a serious subject that must be treated seriously. My subject is “National League,” two words fraught with the widest possible meaning, either word comprehensive in itself, but when used together denote the strength universal and a purpose for its strength. Have you ever stopped to analyze the strength produced by unity of purpose, have you ever stopped to analyze the development and elevation of business methods produced by organiza- tions founded on a right basis? Have you ever stopped to analyze the value of this organization of which we are per- mitted to be members? These are ques- tions that certainly deserve analyzing. Organization is the banding together of mutual interests either for betterment or self-protection. In this fast-moving, busy world individuals are weak. They are but the atoms of the whole, and until they are surrounded and put together they merely exist, follow the pace, get the little percentage of good, the large percentage of bad and then pass away. leaving their space to be filled by another. How different when all these ADDRESS BY WILMER SEIG, MILWAUKEE atoms are combined into a concrete mass. The single brick is weak in itself, but forms an important part in the com- pleted structure. Remember, however, that no chain is stronger than its weak- est link. Unity of purpose is the com- pleted structure, the well-woven chain, and it is up to the organization to see that each atom embodies in itself the Business honesty, strength of the whole. J. DENNIS, OF W. DENNIS & SONS London and Liverpool, England business judgment and a belief in their fellow men should be the watchwords of an organization like ours. Have you not thought frequently of the wisdom of the men who nineteen years ago founded the National League? Does each one of our almost four hun- dred members realize the debt of grati- tude he owes to these men? They took conditions into their own hands, founded an organization that is today a tower of strength. The pride of those whom a wise Providence has spared to see the results of their forethought and their labors must be a recompense for the nineteen years of work and guidance. The commission produce business, per- mitting as it does the entrance of men and firms of erratic quotations, men and firms whose entire capital consists of glowing stationery, a business card and a stencil, naturally had to fall into bad repute. The wise: founders of the National» League had solely in their minds the elevation of the business as their basis of foundation. There is not an organization in these great United States that is capable of accomplishing such widespread good as the National League, not alone to its members, but particularly to shippers in all parts of the Union. Stop for a moment and realize the vastness of its field. Twenty- eight of the large distributing markets in the country, with five hundred of their largest distributors paving a way for marketing the crops, produced in the PLANT OF THE EBNER ICE AND COLD STORAGE COMPANY AT VINCENNES, INDIANA The building shown in the above picture has capacity to store 400 carloads of boxed apples. ; i Facilities for loading and unloading are most modern, having four trunk lines at point for the Middle and Southern states. 0 5 u Besides this plant, the Ebner Ice and Cold Storage Company Vincennes, with track connection to the cold storage building. Vincennes is an ideal distributing owns and operates plants at Flora, Illinois, and Seymour and Washington, Indiana, making a total capacity of 700 carloads of apples. customers the very best results. Their apple department is constantly in touch with the market and they are therefore in position to give their storage Page 32 BETTER FRUIT July country under a banner that proclaims to some parts of the various crops are going all equity and honesty of effort. Its to get away from us, and we jump in formation is an accomplishment to be head over heels to secure just enough to proud of, and the enrollment on its lists keep the other fellow out. Result is an is a dignity of purpose to be sought and over-speculation that not only ruins a carefully guarded. There is not one of market condition, but turns a figured our twenty-eight markets but shows profit into an absolute loss. The wrecks wonderful increase in its output. Study strewn along the shores of our commer- your figures based on the last census and cial ocean are mute evidence of the spec- note the duty that lies before you. ulative storms. The old saying that you We gather here today as commission can lead a horse to water, but cannot merchants, but are we commission mer- make him drink is amply exemplified chants in the true sense of the term? season after season. Unnatural condi- Conditions hardly understood and badly tions are only caused by unnatural cir- misinterpreted have brought about a cumstances. The grower and producer change. In the great race for a seeming needs the commission man far more than supremacy we are evidently afraid that he needs the buyer. The buyer is always S. J. ELLISON General Passenger Agent Great Northern Railway Company, who is recognized as a great developer of territory along its line, and whose service is greatly appreciated by the Wenatchee district, so famous for its fruits. trying to buy as cheaply as he can in order to moderate his risk. The com- mission man, on the other hand. with risk eliminated, tries to boost, and does boost to bring about the returns the grower and producer is entitled to. Values and markets are established solely by the laws of supply and demand, and in order to establish the correct value a wise dis- tribution is the keynote, and this can never be solved by the buyer. It is the commission man who has_ invariably created the market for the shipper and a demand for their product. It 1s tempting for the shipper to have a dozen buyers clamoring for his goods, but he fails to take into consideration the hundreds of buyers that are bidding for goods hon- estly packed when they reach the side- walks of the commission man. There are a thousand wrongs to right if we go after them in the right way. Publicity is the route and publicity should be the watchword. For years past we have been sliding toward a merchandise basis. A _ basis that benefits neither the buyer or the seller. Half the crop is sold and the other half is generally consigned, and this spells disaster to all. With twenty- eight of the best distributing markets of the United States banded together we may reach that point where we can sug- gest crop movements to the grower under conditions that will be mutually beneficial. I believe in shipping organi- zations as a factor in elevating the standards of producing sections, and I believe in an organization like the National League of Commission Mer- chants to facilitate crop distribution. The buyer has had his lesson. He has learned that he cannot make a choice grade stand for a fancy grade, that he S. A. HERING, AGENT NORTHWESTERN DIVISION, PACIFIC FRUIT EXPRESS COMPANY PORTLAND, OREGON cannot make two or two and a quarter- Mr. Hering, who was formerly connected with the Armour Fruit Express, has been in the service for inch apple grade number one, but he can many years, and is a tried and proven man in the refrigerator car service, having filled a difficult position aa sne eel 5 £ with ability and tact. He has rendered the companies he has represented splendid service and at the y his idea ruin a crop prospect as tar same time has retained his popularity with the fruit grower. Notwithstanding the fact that his title as as its commercial value is concerned. official is prominent, he is known far and wide as “‘Sam,’’ which is perhaps the best testimonial for his 7 : popularity. Every year tells us this story. The wise WILLIAM LL. WAGNER, OF G. M. H. INTERNATIONAL Shipper grades for his market and dis- tributes -his products into safe hands, willing to take a market as created by his quality. The National League is the saving grace to the shipper, who is wise enough to realize its manifold benefits, and the elevation of business methods under its development is their hope for the future. And now, gentlemen, a word as to our Own organization. We meet here as twenty-eight units of this big concrete National League, and each one of the twenty-eight look to us for guidance and plans. Our membership must be classed and guarded as a business asset of con- sequence, and the value of the asset depends upon us.*.We are _ passing through a critical time. We see ahead of us big interests that are striving to take away our business. To every thoughtful, thinking member it is appar- ent what these menaces are. As an organization we have spent years in the interest of the shipper. Now let us turn toward ourselves and do missionary work WAGNER & SONS; ‘CHICAGO, APPLE SHIPPERS’ ASSOCIATION BETTER FRUIT ILLINOIS, PRESIDENT that will count and that will bring about that contentment and satisfaction to our- selves which our long vigils and untiring efforts entitle us. Consolidation and close co-operation are the routes that will enable us to assert our inherent rights. Nineteen years or organization finds us yet, to a certain degree, in swaddling clothes, especially as far as our indi- vidual interests are concerned. That great problems are confronting us is amply manifested by the large attendance at our conventions. We are not here for pleasure, but we come inspired with a purpose. Let us start the twentieth year with better and stronger co-operation, more consultation between members and sister leagues, a closer affiliation with shipping associations. These are only suggestions for further thought. You have established the ground work in the formation of the National League of Commission Merchants; you have fur- thered it by the establishment of the office of business manager. There are wonderful opportunities ahead for mem- Rage 328 bers of the National League of Commis- sion Merchants if we only awake to our possibilities. Let us resolve to be com- mission merchants, organized to dignify our chosen calling and to hold out to the shipper the benefits to be derived from well-rounded efforts. Our organization is a necessity and bound to realize as such. Indiscriminate buying of the past is bound to round into commission busi- ness for the future; it will right itself on the same law that causes all water to find its level. We have an asset in our business man- ager’s office that is daily making itself more manifest. We have capitalized it with brains, and the time is soon at hand when you will the [ see necessity of capitalizing it with money. There is no limit to the work or field for a business manager. There is not a state in the Union but that needs education as to the and purposes of the National League. The campaign of education should be on the basis of a “Billy Sunday Revival.” Equip your business manager with assistants who can. through him. carry the gospel of the National League to the four points of the compass and you will be surprised at the results. If this work is to be done toward increasing our own benefits it will require more money to carry on the campaign in this direction, but as long as the benefits will be ours assessments. will be justified. The members little realize the work that falls upon the shoulders of the officers of an organization like ours. When I planned and argued for the establishment of the office of business manager it was because I had studied the possibilities and the realization of my work in this direction was one of the happiest events to me. While I deeply regret the change of man- agement I know that the office of busi- manager will continue to grow because it is on a right foundation. TI feel that when we convene in 1912 benefits will have made themselves so apparent through his office that we will be eager and willing to increase our dues to keep pace with the increased possibilities to be derived from his office. Study your business manager, keep in touch with him, learn his worth by ask- ing questions. His office is a fund of information drawn from the four points of the compass. His information is vours for the asking. Make him strong by putting him to the test. Let us leave with you the three thoughts coined by our Minneapolis friends: Prosperity comes quickest through organization. Prosperity of your trade industry means your prosperity. aims ness ® ®> 5 Editor Better Fruit: The writer has told you so often in the last five years what he has thought of your direct and indirect services in behalf of the fruit trade that it would merely be a repetition of many preceding remarks to thank you once more. Never does an opportunity go by when we have the chance to direct attention of probable advertisers and other friends to the beauties of “Better Fruit.’’ While on the subject we want to say once more that it is our humble opinion that you have taught the Northwestern fruit operators more during the period named, as to how to look out for their own interests, and to handle fruit, to say nothing of packing it properly, etc., than all other journals or magazines combined, and it would certainly take a triple team of “fiery untamed steeds’’ to knock that idea out of our various and sundry craniums. Yours very truly, G. A. Arthur, Produce Reporter Company, Chicago. " y w o ¥ ie Sa edo P. “6 : ¥ ¥ LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND, COMMERCIAL SALES BETTER FRUIT ve ROOM STORAGE-IN-TRANSIT RESOLUTIONS AND RULES T a conference of the authorized representatives of the Western Fruit Jobbers’ Association, the National League of Commission Merchants of the United States and the International Apple Ship- pers’ Association held in the La Salle Hotel, Chicago, on the 12th day of December, 1910, the following resolu- tion was unanimously adopted: “Resolved, That owing to the growing necessity for storage-in-transit of box apples from the West, to the end that a broader and more equitable distribution may be accomplished, thus fostering and protecting the industry, increasing the traffic and aiding the furnishing of equip- ment to move the crop, the appended rules governing such storage in transit of apples be submitted to the Transcon- tinental Lines Freight Bureau and indi- vidual lines interested, with a request that said rules be adopted in effect and such storage-in-transit privilege be made lawfully applicable in time to properly move the apple crop of 1911.” Proposed rules governing storage-in- transit of box apples are as follows: Apples, carloads, from any point shown in tariff, may be shipped to any inter- mediate point, placed in storage and aft- erward reconsigned on protection of the through rate, under the following pro- vision: A. The storage point must be an inter- mediate point in the same general direc- tion, between point of origin and final destination, except that for back haul will be made when ultimate destination is in the same general direc- tion, or storage no charge point is in territory intermediate via any route from point of origin to final destination. B. Storage must be in warehouse fur- nished by shipper or owner of property. The carrier not to assume charges for storage, insurance or other expense accruing at warehouse. C. Shipments entitled to storage in transit privilege shall have their expense bills at the storage station stamped, “To be stored in transit.” D. The surrender of paid expense bills accompanied by warehouse certificate identifying said shipment will be a dec- laration by the shipper that said ship- ment is entitled to transit privilege. E. Shipments may be stored in transit for a period not exceeding nine months, L AUCTION SALE BY GARCIA, JACOBS & €O;, July but in no case is privilege to be extended beyond July 1st following. F. Upon surrender of paid in-bound expense bills, shipments will be re-billed from storage point to final destination at balance of through rate, if any, from intitial point of shipment to final destina- tion plus a switching charge not to exceed five dollars. G. The through rate in effect on date of shipment from point of origin shall ‘be the rate to be protected. In conclusion, and as a part of this report, it is recommended that the trans- portation committee of the Western Fruit Jobbers’ Association in the future be composed of one of its members from each of the large cities or jobbing centers, and that the secretary of the association be named and act as its chairman. There are two reasons for this recom- mendation, viz.: First, the larger part of the work must of necessity fall upon the secretary; the average member is unable to give the necessary time and attention that should be given to this important committee. Second, a com- mittee of this kind, with the secretary as chairman, could call upon the various members to attend different meetings and other hearings which are held in the various cities throughout the year, with very little expense to the association and with better results. © © > Editor Better Fruit: A friend in Bloomington loaned me a copy of your May number to read and I am so delighted with “Better Fruit” that I am enclosing postal money order for one dollar for one year’s subscrip- tion. I want you to begin this subscription with the May number, so please be sure to send me that number if you never send me another one. I am anticipating, however, that every number will be a delightful one, if I am to judge from the one now in my hand. Very truly yours, J. M. McConkie, Bloomington, Illinois. © © Editor Better Fruit: Enclosed please find a postal order for one dollar for which please send me “Better Fruit’ for a year. I just recently received a sample copy and Very truly yours, C. H. find it an excellent paper. Metcalfe, Honolulu. = FLORAL HALL, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON TOIL BETTER FRUIT Page 35 BETTERING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE APPLE CROP URING the past year the one great ery that has gone up from the wilderness of apple production in the Northwest has been, “Our fruit is not distributed properly nor widely enough.” Probably every local and state horticul- tural meeting has been addressed by not less than one and in many instances by several on the subject, and the result has been “confusion worse confounded” rather than elucidation. The reason for this confusion is obvious. As a rule the criticisms made and solutions offered have been tendered by one of two classes, the first of which has no practical knowl- edge of the subject, and the second having an ulterior purpose as the basis of what they say. : The first class may be enlightened to general advantage, but the greater the enlightenment of the second the more dangerous they become and the greater the menace to the community. I say a “menace” for the reason that anything which tends to disturb the equilibrium of a producing section or to disturb the close relations between the producer and those upon whom he must depend in the placing of his crop, whether it be by direct sale or otherwise, is not only dangerous, but more dangerous to the producer than to the distributor. In limited space it is impossible to go into this subject fully and at best only the most salient features can be even touched upon. Briefly, I would call attention to the one great misapprehen- sion that affects the mind of the average objector, that is, the idea that he who handles these apples piles them up some- where and calmly sits down and awaits a purchaser. This is far from the real fact. Some operators in apples operate upon a larger scale than others, but everyone in the territory in which he operates is a large one. The scope of territory may include but a single town or country, but it may and does include with many of them practically every state and county in the United States and BY WILLIAM L. WAGNER every large center of those foreign coun- tries to which operations can be extended. That no one man or firm can deal with every other man is one of the rules or laws of trade, andthe fact that almost no one can deal with some men has also been established. ‘Because a minor “city” or village is discovered that had not for sale “box apples” does.not in any way prove that that particular place has been overlooked. It simply demonstrates the truth of the fact that “minds must meet”’ before a trade can be effected, and that in this particular case the minds have not met. This is not because the distributor whe has in all probability “worked” that particular field either through personal solicitation, offering by mail, wire or phone, through the various mediums of MICHAEL SIMONS, J. P:, D. L., GLASGOW Simons, Shuttleworth & Co., Liverpool; Garcia, Jacobs & Co., London; Simons, Jacobs & Co., Glasgow advertisement, or possibly by all of these methods, is not ready to make a deal, but because the buyer is not ready. The buyer has his own reasons, many of which are most excellent and all of them good from his point of view. To the man who for years has handled barreled stock only and who has built up a profit- able and satisfactory business in them, the taking on of boxes means a possibly dangerous innovation. He knows _ his trade and is convinced that the lower- priced barrel will meet all requirements and prove a safe investment. Naturally he sticks to them. He is in business for profit, not as a philanthropist, and he handles that which appeals most strongly to him from a profit standpoint, just as the producer markets in the way that looks most advantageous to him and regardless of the fellow at the other end, and the failure of the distributor to sell to him is no discredit to the distributor. Nor is the fact that owing to changed conditions the small dealer becomes ready for a deal and is “landed” by a producer for a car any discredit to the distributor, but rather it tends to show the result of his systematic effort to “educate” the buyer up to the commodity instead of any neglect of him. Successful distribution is not like a problem in mathematics, that may be successfully solved by anyone knowing the rule, nor can it be learned from books. Whether it is an art or a science might be open to disctission, but one thing is certain, and that is that only he who “knows the game” will succeed, and success will come only in such measure as he does know the game and “plays” it. There are no rules. Each operates his business according to his own light and ability, and even then the “race is not to the swift,’ but to the safe, sane and con- servative. It requires years of study of conditions, observation and possibility of experiment, to acquire knowledge as to approximately the quantity of apples a given territory “will take,” and the varie- ties that can be disposed of to the best 2. SX FRUIT SHEDS OF HAMBURG, GERMANY Page 36 advantage in that territory; those varie- ties that would be as “Dead Sea fruit” if shipped in; a knowledge of “who’s who” in the apple business in that territory and who may or may not be dealt with in safety; to acquire a knowledge of freight rates and shipping combinations, to the end that not only may selling be made easy, but also safe, in that cars if rejected may be moved and disposed of with proper economy. Unfortunately every sale is not a sale, and only too often whether it becomes a sale or not depends upon the mood of the buyer at the time the car arrives, to the condition of his market, or whether someone has in the meantime offered him a car for less money. It has been said that no car of apples ever has or ever will be packed that will not show sufficient defect to establish a basis for rejection on a declining market. All of these things must be taken into consideration, must be assimilated by the distributor and become a part of his men- tality. Whether the distributor operates on his own account, buying the product outright, or distributes as the agent for the producer has but one difference; in the first case what he does is no one’s business but his own, and he 1s not sub- ject to question even though open to criticism, but in either case success depends upon his knowledge and ability. Distribution may be of two kinds, one to dispose of quantity, the other to pro- duce and increase value. Naturally the latter is the more restricted and requires the higher degree of distributive educa- tion, but either requires for success the solving of the greatest problem of them all—the problem of true economy. To the student of this question it quickly becomes apparent that after the cost of operating expenses, including road men, advertising in its various forms, tele- graph, telephone, salaries, rents, etc., are deducted from the gross revenue of the distributor, the remaining balance is so small that whether the season's deal shall show a profit or a loss depends upon the distributor’s success in making only safe accounts and incurring no losses. This A YORK IMPERIAL DELEWARL REO Tie WENATCHEE VALLEY FRUIT ON EXHIBIT FOR INTERESTED BUYERS BETTER FRUIT D. CROSSLEY & SONS? NEW PLACE IN COVENT GARDEN, LONDON An important increase in the firm’s assets made during the year. This season the firm has done consider- able more business on the Lendon market than heretofore, and as a result has opened a place there through which its usual methods will be pursued. The Crossley firm is a strong advocate of the private sale method, selling all its receipts by this means through its Liverpool, Glasgow and London houses. With increased facilities the firm will be in better position than ever to look after its shippers’ interests. D. Crossley & Sons is one of the firms acting as promoters of the American apple in the European markets and believe that this outlet will to a very large extent keep pace with the increasing business in this important product of the Northwest. Mr. William Crossiey has been spending some time in Europe looking after the firm’s interest in England and on the Continent. condition does not, however, mean that the cheapest method of distribution is always the most economical, as, on the contrary, it may prove the most expen- sive. True economy means the produc- tion of the highest possible net results and the building up of an established demand at the lowest possible cost to produce such results. The statement that it is more easy to learn to produce the fruit than to dis- tribute or market it would probably meet with no denial, and still comparatively few operators are found who are pro- ducers. Why is this so? For the simple reason that they are two as separate and pos COVENT GARDEN, LONDON distinct lines of business as are teaming and banking. It resolves itself back into the old adage that “he who is jack of all trade is master of none,’ and the sooner the force of this is realized the better for the industry. The West has done much for the apple industry. Its high ideals as to quality, grading and packing have been carried into practice with the result that new life and energy has been shown along the same lines in every apple-growing sec- tion. These ideals should not be lost sight of or overshadowed by other ques- tions, but on the contrary should be carefully nourished and if possible raised to an even higher plane. With a pro- ducer at one end of the line to maintain these ideals of quality and pack, and the competent, trained distributor at the other end of the line, the question of distribution is solved, and economy takes the place of extravagance and waste. Instead of constant carping criticism, bickering and fault finding, it should be the aim of both producer and operator to work in more close and complete harmony. each endeavoring to enlighten the other as to the difficulties that beset him, to the end that united wisdom may lighten the burdens of both and the apple industry be placed upon the most secure footing possible, with fair assurance of reasonable remuneration to all who are engaged in it. © © © Editor Better Fruit: oa Allow me to congratulate you on your magnificent issue just out. While all agricultural publications cannot put out such an issue, we congratulate those who are able and have enthusiasm enough to do so. I sincerely hope that it will bring you good returns. The agricultural press is fast becoming the most valuable publication in the land. Very respectfully, J. D. Dean, Editor The Ranch, Kent, Washington. IQII BETTER FRUIT THE STANDARD PACK AND PACKAGE OF APPLES T the meeting of the Western Fruit Jobbers at Sacramento, California, February 15-18, 1911, the following letter from Mr. N. G. Gibson, chairman of a special committee on the subject, was read by Mr. Prentiss Martin: I had previously planned to be present with you at this meeting and make my report to you personally, but owing to an unfortunate railway accident a short time ago I have found it impossible to make the trip, as my physician will not permit me to undergo the strain of the long journey to and from Sacramento. However, my report regarding progress of securing a law for uniform boxes, baskets and barrels for apples can as well be put in writing, and I will promise not to take up much time in presenting it. Since our last meeting your committee has done all possible to do in the further- auce of your instructions, but it seems little or nothing has been accomplished so far as actually securing the enactment of a law such as we are working for. A trip was made to Washington early last year, and with representatives of the International Apple Shippers’ Associa- tion, National League of Commission Merchants and other interested parties, your committee appeared before the cominittee of agriculture of the house of representatives. Every argument was made and every influence was brought to bear on our national legislators to get a favorable report on the then pending Lafean bill, which was the measure we previously had introduced. This meas- ure was not favorably reported for rea- sons with which you are no doubt as familiar as your committee. In a recent communication from Lafean he states it is quite likely the same measure will be introduced again; yet it is doubtful if anything can be done until the next congress meets. ERNEST SIMONS, GLASGOW, SCOTLAND Of Simons, Jacobs & Co. Now, gentlemen, it does seem we are doing a lot of work for nothing. The question arises in my mind that we may not have been as interested as we should. By this I mean our membership as a whole. Your committee has really made a sacrifice of time to put in the work they have tried to do. What I have in mind is, I fear, the matter of standard apple packages is not one whose vital CHARLES M. SIMONS, LONDON, ENGLAND importance really appeals to enough of our membership to do more than vote “aye” on a resolution which declares that uniform standard boxes, baskets and barrels are estal ':shed and regulated by the common law of the land. Now, I have neither the time nor the inclination to rehash the essentials of our conten- tion with our friends in certain produc- ing sections, but I want to say that with- out any legislation on the subject Colo- rado has swung into line, and the apples from this great producing state are being packed in boxes that conform to the requirements which we and others are asking for. In my candid opinion, we are rapidly reaching the point where most apple producers will be glad to accede to any reasonable suggestions relative to grading and packing of their fruit, for, unless I am a bad calculator, these and other steps will have to be taken to insure a consumptive demand for the enormous increase we shall see in the apple output in this good country within the next few years. I may say that I make this statement with the Western box apple uppermost in my mind. It is already tight scratching to get sellers and buyers together on aver- age prevailing prices the past few years. We are confronted with an annual increase of fifty per cent in the produc- tion of Western box apples, and there is every reason to believe this ratio of increase will be maintained for several years at least, because of so many new Page 37 On the other hand, we have an increase of about twelve and one-half per cent in the con- sumptive demand of a given commodity every year over the preceding, if the statistics on foodstuffs are to be relied upon. Putting the two ratios together we find it stands one to four, with the balance on the wrong side, so far as sell- ing apples at high prices is concerned. But the balance favors concessions to develop lower prices and attract more consumption. Therefore, the old law of supply and demand may serve better than any legislation we can get at Wash- ington, or elsewhere, to accomplish what we are trying to do; and for fear some of my friends may misconstrue my posi- tion, I want to say that I am in favor of selling apples for good prices—high prices if I can get them. They are worth all they will bring. That is elementary. But it is also elementary that if the sup- ply of anything is doubled, and doubled again, we shall have some change, at least in prevailing selling prices. Talk is cheap—that is why we have so much of it. But some of those who have tried to talk us out of court when we have been laboring for their and our mutual interest are likely to cease accus- ing us of being meddlers, and, I think, will gladly join forces with us in trying to do what we have already attempted, viz: to provide for as wide an outlet as possible in this country and abroad for apples, and by means of standard pack- ages we know the problem will be greatly simplified. By reason of the fact that my firm has already sold over 1,200 cars of Western box apples this season, I profess to be entitled to some definite opinions on this subject, and it is my honest conviction that we need a stand- ard box and basket of 2,342 cubic inches and a standard barrel which will hold three boxes or baskets. I want to say once for all that ‘all the apples now grown, or yet to be grown, can be packed in such packages. orchards coming into bearing. GEORGE H. SHUTTLEWORTH, LIVERPOOL |, SPEC IAL SALE Z * PRIME APPLE BETTER FRUIT YAKIMA VALLEY APPLES AT AUCTION, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, ENGLAND THIS YEAR’S APPLE CROP THE LARGEST IN HISTORY ROM all indications it would appear that the 1911 apple crop is likely to be the largest in the history of the United States. With a full crop in the East, where the freight is only twenty- five or twenty-six cents per barrel, as compared to $1.60 for the same weight of apples from the West, the difference in freight alone will favor the Eastern as against the Western grower in the mat- ter of prices. The Easterner, knowing it to be a question of the “survival of the fittest,” has taken note of what has been done in the West, spraying the trees, pruning and thinning the crop, has gone one better than the Westerner during the past two years, being determined to recapture the market which he had fool- ishly lost, forgetting the law of nature that “man should earn his living by the sweat of his brow,” and that it was not sufficient for him to plant the tree and then ask nature to do the rest. It is quite true that, on account of their color, Western apples appeal to the eye more than the Eastern fruit. The East- erner did not prune his trees and allowed the middle of the trees to be full of wood, which shaded the fruit and kept it from properly coloring, but with proper culti- vation the lEasterner, particularly in some of the high altitudes, is going to produce some sorts with as good color as are grown anywhere. Michigan, Ver- mont and New York State can produce the best Northern Spies in the United States, an apple that never scalds in the spring. Baldwins, in the East, don’t get bitter-rot to any alarming extent. For general market purposes, and for export business, the Baldwin, Northern Spy and Greening are hard to beat. It is quite true that the Western Spitzenberg, up to Christmas, is one of the best apples grown, and, together with the Yellow Newtown, will always hold its own. The vast quantities of apple trees which have been planted during the past four years must surely mean, given good weather, together with the scientific cultivation of the West and Middle West, no shortage of apples in the future. According to government reports, on June 30, 1908, there were 201,794,642 bearing apple trees in the United States, and if all reports are true concerning plantings that have gone on since then, there must surely have been another 50,000,000 planted, say, in round numbers, 250,000,000 apple trees, good, bad and indifferent. These ought to produce a bushel to the tree, and that is quite a lot of apples; therefore something has to be done with this extra surplus; and in all Western districts there should be some kind of a factory to take charge not only of the windfalls, but the No. 2 apples and such like surplusage, where apples could be not only canned, but dried. July Eastern dried apples are now shipped to most parts of the world. I don’t mean to say dried apples from the United States are shipped all over the world, but there are many places where dried apples could be shipped. In connection with such canning factories the cores and skins could be made into vinegar; and there is the further question of cider. I understand cider and vinegar sell for higher prices in the West than they do in the East, and if it pays the Easterner to put thirty per cent of his crop to the cider and vinegar mills it should also pay the Western man. There is another question which, to my mind, should be put before Western growers, namely, the packing of fruit which I have seen taking place in the orchards. That, in my opinion, is not the proper place to pack fruit. The fruit, after being picked, should be taken to a warehouse to allow the outside heat to get out; then, when it is packed, it is cooled off, and does not require ten to twelve cents refrigeration charges, and can be shipped wherever wanted without being iced. Of course, if it is loaded up with all the outside heat in it, ranging from sixty to eighty degrees, it wants ice, but stich expense need not be incurred if the work is properly done. W. N. White, of W. N. White & Co., New York. T. J. POUPART Fruit Salesman Covent Garden Market London, W. C., June 3, 1911. Mr. E. H. Shepard, Editor Better Fruit Hood River, Oregon: Enclosed please find my subscription to ‘Better Fruit.” Will you please send me the numbers since the last one sent to date. Yours faithfully, T. J. POUPART. ® © © Editor Better Fruit: Will you be good enough to announce in “Better Fruit’? that the next meeting of the Society for Horticultural Science will be held in Washington, D. C., on Friday, December 29, 1911, in connection with the meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Very truly yours, C. P. Close, Secretary-Treasurer, College Park, Maryland. ENTRANCE TO THE GOLDEN WEST EXHIBITION OF WESTERN APPLES, UNDER THE AUSPICES OF GARCIA, JACOBS & CO., EARLS COURT, LONDON LOIT BETTER FRUIT INSIDE VIEW OF HEATED FRUIT SHEDS AT HAMBURG, GERMANY CONGRESSIONAL SUB-COMMITTEE ON LEWIS BILL HE Congressional sub-committee on postoffices and postroads met June 14, 1911, and took up for consideration the Lewis bill, which provides for con- demninge and purchasing the express companies and adding them to the postal system, and establishing a complete sys- tem for the quick transport of packages and the eatable products of the farm and truck garden, etc. At their last confer- ence in Washington the representatives of the business men of the country and of the farmers’ granges asked Congress to establish such a system, and represen- tatives of these interests were present at the hearing before the committee. “There are two main reasons why the express companies must be added to the postal system,” said Mr. Lewis in his argument. “First, the express company service does not reach beyond the rail- ways to the country or the farmers, which the postoffice does, through the rural free delivery. which is waiting with empty wagons to receive the express packages and take them to the country stores and the farmers, and carry back to the towns and the cities the produce of the farms and truck gardens for the people to eat at living prices. Second, the contracts of the express companies with the railways give them an average transportation rate of three-quarters of a cent a pound; and with this rate the express charges by post would be reduced from two-thirds to one-half on parcels ranging from five to fifty pounds, and about 28 per cent on heavier weights, as a consequence of the co-ordination of the express company plants with the postoffice and rural delivery, and the elimination of the express company profits, which are averaging over 50 per cent on the investment. “The express companies are positive hindrances and obstacles to the business of the country. The average charge for carrying a ton of express in Argentina is $6.51, and for the countries of Europe $4.12, while the average express company charge in the United States is $31.20. They charge five times as much to carry a ton of express as a ton of freight in other countries. Here the express com- panies charge sixteen times as much. Of course, these charges simply prohibit by half or more of the traffic in the United States. Our average is less than one hundred pounds per capita, while that of the other countries is over two hundred pounds per capita, although we have far greater demand for quick transport on account of our longer distances and more extensive business. “We cannot have an efficient parcels post. The government cannot conduct it on mail railway transportation rates, at over four cents a pound, in competition with the express companies’ paying but three-fourths of a cent a pound, exclud- ing the weight of equipment in both Page 39 cases; which enables the express corpor- ations to pay over 50 per cent in profits to themselves, although rendering no service whatever to the farmers and to points off the railways.” Mr. Lewis has worked out a system of “Zones” based on scientific methods, from which a five-pound package, for instance, can be sent 196 miles for 11 cents, while the express companies now charge 25 cents and more for like dis- tances; from Calais, Maine, to San Fran- cisco, will cost 30 cents for five pounds, and $2.42 for fifty pounds, as against the express company charges of 85 cents and $7.50. With the rural free delivery a part of the express system, an agricultural par- cels post will market the farmers’ pro- duce and save them the time and labor of marketing their truck. Rates even lower than those quoted are promised, by having the rural and city carriers assemble the small consignments of the individual shippers and utilize the fast freight service on trunk lines, with pas- senger trains on the branch roads to hurry the stuff to destination, at the reg- ular fast freight rates. The postoffice will recoup itself by securing carload rates for the assembled shipments, while the small shippers get their advantage over present conditions by having their collect-and-delivery system for practi- cally nothing. This system is now in vogue in Ger- many, and shippers, Mr. Lewis shows, pay only double freight rates, less than a tenth of the express rates here. The food problem, the “high cost of living,” according to Mr. Lewis’ figures, is largely the result of the want of a proper articulation of our transportation with the rural sources of supply. While prices are often prohibitive to the con- sumer, crops may be rotting at the place of production, for want of a real express service. © © © Editor Better Fruit: Copy of your May issue of “Better Fruit’ has just reached the writer, and I wish to congratulate you on the splendid make-up of this issue. Yours truly, H. M. Ashby, Cleveland, Ohio. THIS BUILDING CONTAINS OFFICES OF ALL FRUIT FIRMS IN HAMBURG Page 40 BETTER FRUIT July FRUIT'S JOURNEY FROM PRODUCER TO CONSUMER BY N.G. GIBSON, OF THE GIBSON FRUIT COMPANY, CHICAGO P i N HIS journey that fruits grown in the Northwest must take to reach the centers of population in the Middle West and along the Atlantic seaboard, where hungry souls await their coming every season, is a long one. Per- haps it would be stating the truth more correctly to say that these people, mil- lions of them, would await the coming of the fruit more eagerly were they all able to buy it as freely as they would like. One thing that has impressed me as much as any other one thing relating to marketing of box apples and other West- ern fruits is that heretofore the cost has been too high to hope for anything like a maximum consumption in this great country. Quite naturally, the price to the con- sumer is fixed at the time a price is made in the orchards, or at shipping points, barring accidents and fickle markets, for there 1s a marketing cost that must be figured against the purchase, and I want to say as emphatically as I know how that the day of miracles has passed in the selling of fruits if, indeed, it ever existed in fact. This talk about reducing the cost of marketing below a certain legitimate figure, and getting the benefit of experienced, capable men, is sheer tommyrot. Assuming that we shall have to rely upon present methods for selling, with slhght modifications from time to time, I think we should endeavor, so far as possible. to encourage a freer con- sumption of fruits by resorting to that great old coquettish trick of trade, reduc- ing the price to attract buyers and consumers. How can this best be done? When is the best time to begin? Who shall undertake it? Answers to these ques- tions readily suggest themselves. You can rest assured the “how,” the “when” and the will be the grist of the mills of the future, and then only when the force of conditions shall dictate what I suggest. “who” Let’s not forget we are all human— growers, market men, consumers and all—and that selfishness, unfortunately, is a quality more or less attributable to us all. The wrangle over the uttermost farthing, the spirit of Shylock, the haunt- ing dread of giving something ‘away for a bit less than we fancy it is worth may temporarily boost land values and add to the many vexations of the middle men, but it is certain the whole scheme results in a woeful abortion of that simple injunction of the lowly Nazarene. who taught us in the producing and marketing business a memorable lesson with the few loaves and fishes. Feed my sheep, though meekly commanded, has reverberated through the centuries, and the spirit of the call is gaining ground and winning over men today wherever civilization has spread. What has all this got to do with sell- ing apples and other fruits? Just this: There are lots of people, outside of the poor houses if you please, just common people, the kind God makes most of because He loves them best, in this big country who rarely enjoy such a luxury as a feeling of fulness of good fruit. Comparatively few people have money enough to buy without asking the price. The poor people are the real consumers after all. Do you catch the point? Is it obnoxious to think about? Shouldn’t we consider them as part and parcel of the consuming public? Are these “under dogs” unworthy of our fruit, rather God's fruit? Go along the streets and alleys sur- rounding the large market places in the big cities late in the day, after the stalls and stores are closed; watch the bedrageled flotsam and jetsam of human- kind fight and elbow their way to the dump barrels and boxes filled with decayed fruits and vegetables, which are fished industriously for every morsel fit to eat—forsooth, unfit to eat. See that pale mother with a babe in her arms, FINE COMMERCIAL DISPLAY OF APPLES FROM CALIFORNIA BY GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. EARLS COURT, LONDON both pinched and starved, glare with sluggish, sunken eyes at the prospect of fighting through the hungry mob for per- haps a bit of rotten fruit; watch that old gray-haired man, limping and lean- ing on his friendly cane as he hurries to join the scuffle; see those ragged, bare- foot children come romping as fast as their emaciated bodies and _ spindling legs will let them toddle, in flocks of two and three, and more, from squalid WILLIAM L. LOEFFEL President of Barnett Bros. 159 South Water Street, Chicago, Illinois lodgings, some to carry the bag or basket, others to fight their way into the throng, where the most promising luxuries in the way of food may be had; see all this and ask yourself soberly if you draw any conclusions that might result in a better plan of reaching the consumer. Obviously, we all want to get all we can for our products or our services, but I believe we will be better off in the end to stop now and then and think of the other fellow, especially. the fellow who may be down and out, hungry and unable to take care of himself. Mind you, I am not heading a crusade to distribute fruits through a charity bureau, but I hope to live to see the day when the masses will be able to procure good fruits at more moderate prices. I am optimistic enough to believe I shall see that happy state of affairs within a decade. © © © Editor Better Fruit: The May issue of “Better Fruit’? to hand, and a magnificent issue it is. Its charm can hardly be approached, and surely not surpassed. But the chief value of this, as of the other issues I have seen, lies in the practical feature of its excellent articles, written as they are by writers who are pre-eminently fitted for the task. My appreciation of Pacific Coast enterprise, and my determination to have the best published on subjects of horticul- ture, led me to subscribe for a publication that is the recognized leader of that young and enterpris- ing locality, and I feel that up-to-date growers of the East could not do better than to add this jour- nal to their list of periodicals. Wishing you merited success, I am, yours very truly, C. F. Bley, Ham- burg, New York. IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 41 AUCTION BY SIMONS, JACOBS & CO., GLASGOW, SCOTLAND, IN THEIR SALESROOM WILMEROTH TELLS OF EUROPEAN APPLE MARKET OR the benefit of those desiring information in regard to the great foreign fruit markets and the methods employed by the various fruit exchanges, Mr. Charles W. Wilmeroth has author- ized the publication of the following interview. Mr. Wilmeroth is well known as a dealer and distributor of apples and pears, and represents the Simons string of houses in New York, Boston, Port- land, Maine, and Nova Scotia; Simons, Jacobs & Co. of Glasgow, Scotland; J. H. Lutten & Son of Hamburg, Ger- many; Simons, Shuttleworth & Co. of Liverpool; Garcia, Jacobs & Co. of Lon- don; Olivet Bros. of New York, and the Stewart Fruit Company of San Francisco and Los Angeles. The Stewart Fruit Company needs no introduction to the Rogue River Valley, as Mr. Stewart in years gone by taught the people of that valley to pack pears. Olivet Bros. are also well known in that vicinity. Mr. Wilmeroth has traveled to the greater markets of the world, and as the result of his investigations gave the fol- lowinig information: “Hamburg is the great free port of Germany, where buyers from Northwest- ern Russia. as well as St. Petersburg and Moscow, Northern Austria, Sweden, Nor- way, and parts of Switzerland, Holland and Belgium (estimated population of 127,000,000 people) regularly attend the auctions. Hamburg and its suburbs have a population of over 1,000,000 people. Prior to my visit to Hamburg I had the impression that the German government was unfair in inspecting our apples for disease and pests, discriminating in favor of their own products and throwing the trade in that direction. With this thought in mind, by the aid of letters from the United States Department of Agriculture and through introductions by friends, I SAM H. SIMONS, GLASGOW Of Simons, Jacobs & Co. was granted long interviews on two dif- ferent occasions with the chief of the department of inspection, who was quite anxious to explain his desire to be fair in admitting perfect fruit into Germany without discrimination of any kind. The action of the German government in refusing diseased fruit was not unfair and was entirely justifiable when occasion made it necessary. A car of box apples for Hamburg, before being offered for sale, is carefully inspected by a depart- ment maintained for this purpose, and you must see them work to satisfy your- self of the thoroughness with which the work is carried out. From three to five boxes from each grower's lot in this car are inspected and those found free from disease or scale are passed. Any lot not perfect is marked in large letters S. J. L.. which means San Jose Louse, and under no conditions will those boxes be per- mitted to enter Germany. They are not condemned, and buyers from any country other than Germany may purchase them and ship them to any place not in the empire. In many cases the goods bring about the same prices as those not marked S. J. L. Shipments to Hamburg are charged no duty. especially when shipped to other countries, but the pur- chaser pay duty if the fruit is shipped into the German empire. “The Hamburg fruit docks are the finest in the world, coverinig between forty and fifty acres of ground at pres- ent, with additions under construction. These docks are heated during the win- ter so that fruit can be stored and offered must BETTER FRUIT TYPICAL CROWD OF FRUIT BUYERS AT A FRUIT AUCTION, LONDON, ENGLAND - for sale with perfect safety. The goods are lifted from the holds of the vessels by huge traveling cranes, which deposit them at any desired point in the store houses. “T consider London the largest but most erratic market of Great Britain. The volume of sales there is enormous and they will pay the fanciest prices on the best lines of goods, but, on the other hand extremely heavy shipments cause a fluctuation in the market greater than ever witnessed in the Glasgow or Liver- pool trade. “T consider Liverpool a strong, steady market, taking as it does enormous quan- tities of fruit and distributing it to the extensive manufacturing cities of Man- chester, Sheffield, Leeds and other dis- tricts with equally as heavy a consuming population. “Glasgow is a distributing point for all of Scotland, including Edinburgh and some portions of Northern England, and I believe can take as many high priced. fancy goods as any of the markets which I represent. I am sure that Glasgow sent back the strongest sales on Northwestern Newtowns. “Tt has been stated that I thought sell- ing fruit by auction in Europe was not the proper thine to do, but it has been the custom for many years and it will never be changed. Any persons who think they can change the customs pre- vailing in these countries in five years will find that their efforts will result in a dismal failure. The idea I did intend to convey regarding the sale of apples by auction was for the United States only. The past season there has been great quantities of cold storage fruit sold at auction out of season, demoralizing the general market. I have obtained the opinion of many of the old apple dealers of the United States and they agree with me that under no circumstances should apples be consigned to people who insist on selling at public auction. With highly perishable fruit this plan is the proper one, but not with long keeping winter apples. “Fine results were obtained by storing the goods in New York City and ship- ping at the right time to London, Liver- pool and Glasgow, as their markets might markets and shipping heavily to the strong markets. I very much doubt if results equally as good could be obtained by anyone who does not maintain a strong selling force in those cities. “Regarding the condition of arrival of our boxed apples, I will say that I found them bruised in a great many cases and quite a number of broken boxes, caused varrant, cutting out the weak July by a long sea voyage and a hasty loading and unloading at the points of shipment and distribution. Our firms regret that this condition prevails and suggest the only improvement to be made at this time is to use heavier tops and sides and longer nails. This extra expense on a box would be offset by the lesser quan- tity of broken boxes and bruised fruit. It would be well to reduce the bulge on apples for export to the minimum, as anyone can readily see in looking at the loading and unloading how apples cannot avoid being damaged when packed too heavy. On the other hand, we must be careful not to pack so light that they will reach their markets in a slack condition. The most desirable sizes are from 128 to 150, and we must not ship over 5 per cent of 3%-tier fruit to any foreign market. A good rule to follow is to ship, as near as possible, apples averaging four~to the pound. I learned this by talking to a good number of retailers in all the mar- kets I visited in Italy and France, and at this time could not recommend these countries as prospective markets for our apples. except in quantities not worth exploiting at this time.” Mr. Wilmeroth expects to leave soon on an automobile tour through the north, examing the fruit conditions in all the ereat growing districts on the way. |Note: The Stewart Fruit Company is the largest independent fruit distributor in California, handling over 2,000 cars annually, and maintaining offices in New York, Chicago, Philadelphia, Boston, Kansas City and Omaha, selling at auc- tion and private sale, confining their work to deciduous and citrus fruits and not handling apples in any form. Olivet Brothers of New York are one of the oldest, best known, strongest apple deal- ers in that city. They maintain a large selling force in the docks, as well as at their store on Washington street, and with these fine facilities find it possible to show fine results on their sales.] OFFICES OF GARCIA, JACOBS & CO., COVENT GARDEN MARKET, LONDON, ENGLAND eyes BETTER FRUIT Page 43 DONALDSON QUALITY FRUIT EXPOSITION SUCCESS HIS exposition proved to be an event of much importance and one long to be remembered. Mr. L. S. Donaldson, president of the L. S. Don- aldson Company, Minneapolis, Muinne- r Penman. Fe gp a One a 0006 6 eae MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, NOVEMBER, 1910 the exposition, and were the means of creating a great demand for Northwest- ern fruit in that section of the country. A recipe book entitled, “One Hundred- and-One Ways of Using Apples” was SOUTHERN OREGON DISITRICT EXHIBIT AT DONALDSON QUALITY FRUIT EXPOSITION MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, NOVEMBER, 1910 sota, sent into our midst last August his representative, Oliver D. Hefner, to solicit the co-operation of the commer- cial clubs in the various fruit valleys of the Pacific Northwest to inaugurate the largest and most beautiful fruit exhibi- tion ever held east of Spokane. The entire show window space, over five hundred feet on Nicollet Avenue, Sixth and Seventh Streets, of the Donaldson Glass Block, was given over to the exclusive display of fruits. This immense Glass Block was illuminated each even- ing with its thousands of red, white and blue electric lights, which cover the building from the dome to the ground. This, together with the artistic display and blending of colors of the fruits, colors that can only be produced in the fruit valleys of the Northwest, presented a spectacle seldom, if ever, witnessed, and was visited day and night by many thousands of people. The valleys participating included Hood River, White Salmon, Yakima, Rogue River. Wenatchee, Cashmere, Okanogan, Willamette, Bitter Root and others. Each valley sent from one to three representatives, selected by the commercial clubs to give out literature and correctly answer the hundred and one questions asked by visitors. Over a dozen cars of extra fancy apples were purchased outright by the L. S. Don- aldson Company and distributed during compiled and given out free by the com- pany. The Glass Block has one of the largest and most up-to-date food and fruit markets in the United States, and is a large distributor of Western fruit. The photographs illustrating this article were chosen at random from dozens equally good, taken at the time of the exposition. For a firm of the standing of the L. S. Donaldson Company, selling merchandise of every description, to devote every window in its entire front- age on three streets to the display of apples, while other merchandise was entirely excluded, speaks eloquently of the belief of this concern in fruit raised in the Northwest. Favorable comment upon this great display and exposition was widespread, agricultural. journals in all sections of the country devoting con- siderable space to mention of its scope and beauty. o> © © E have spared neither pains nor expense in producing this issue. It will cost about $5,000 to get out this edition. It is our honest opinion that the good it will do to fruit dealers, shippers and fruit growers—whichever you want to place first—will justify the expense, and we believe the results will be so great to everyone connected with the fruit industry that we shall receive sup- port in the future that will justify our rational endeavor. If we fail in accom- plishing what we expect to in this edi- tion—and we do not believe that we shall—it will be the first time that “Bet- ter Fruit” has failed to realize the results it anticipated. Tré DOWALOSOM QUALITY | FRUIT EXPOSITION EXHIBIT OF HOOD RIVER APPLES AT THE DONALDSON QUALITY FRUIT EXPOSITION MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, NOVEMBER, 1910 EXPORTING APPLES TO THE EUROPEAN MARKETS HAT London, Liverpool, Glasgow and Hamburg have, in one season, imported from the United States and Canada the equivalent of 10,000,000 boxes of apples is sufficient indication that these same markets may be expected to play a large part in the problem of mar- keting American apples in the future. Each of the markets referred to is influ- enced by conditions peculiar to itself, and which are perhaps not apparent to one who has not made a study of those con- ditions, some of which have ‘direct and traceable causes, some being due to purely racial or national characteristics, while others are local trade develop- Page 44 BETTER FRUIT EXHIBIT OF CENTRAL WASHINGTON AND WENATCHEE APPLES AT THE DONALDSON QUALITY FRUIT EXPOSITION, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA, NOVEMBER, 1910 ments which can in no way be accounted for. The space allowed for this article does not permit of full treatment of what has been referred to, but as illustrations the system 1n some markets of returning empty packages, the preference in one market for small apples and in another for red varieties, the San Jose scale restrictions in Germany and the almost total lack of native fruit in Scotland may be mentioned. Europe is also supplied with fresh apples from South Africa and Australia, while the native production is very large in some countries. The quantities and marketing period of the principal varie- ties from these latter sources, as well as the conditions referred to above, all have a very important bearing on the demand for certain varieties at certain times from America, so that the folly of exporting with little or no knowledge of market requirements and supplies, with the blind hope of coming out right, is apparent. Some poor results obtained in the past from such procedures are largely respon- sible for the wails of the opponents of this trade. The principal feature of the European markets of interest to apple growers in the Northwest is the reception which they will in the future extend to boxed fruit. There is a too general impression among these growers that the Newtown is the only variety they produce that is suitable for European shipment. That July this theory is all wrong was effectively demonstrated during the past season. There has been, and for perfectly legit- imate reasons, a prejudice in Europe in favor of barrels, but the excellence of the fruit itself and the possibility of deliver- ing it in better condition are rapidly pro- moting the popularity of the box as a carrier. For export a box a little wider and not quite so high as the one now in use and a pack with little or no bulge are recommended. The cost of transportation across the continent is a problem worthy of serious consideration. California oranges that are exported pay ten cents per one hun- dred pounds less railroad freight than the same goods destined for local con- sumption in Eastern cities. A similar concession on apples would make it pos- sible to export an enormously increased quantity with no diminution of average net results, and the relief to Ameri- can markets would be correspondingly effective. W. M. French, of Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co., New York. © © T is our hope and belief that this edi- tion will be of benefit to everyone connected with the fruit industry, and we ‘trust, and believe, that every advertiser in “Better Fruit’ will get results that will repay him many fold for the cost of his advertisement. © ¢ EHICLE SPRINGS.—It is the attention to small matters about the farm that makes the difference between success and failure. Not the least of these is the equipment of the heavy farm wagon with springs. A good pair of bolster springs will frequently save their cost on one load of fruit, vegetables or eggs, or in fact on any article spoil- able by the jolt and jar of rough roads and spring- less wagons. They add greatly to the usefulness of any vehicle. They save repair bills—make the pull- ing easier, effect a saving of harness, and add to the comfort of the driver. We have often been asked: ‘‘What are the essentials of a good spring?” A heavy truck spring must be live and resilient, yet tough and durable. It must be properly con- structed and tempered for its special function, that of doing heavy work slowly. It must be strong and easy-riding. For the heavy farm wagon the bolster spring is best suited to the needs of the farmer. It has all the essentials of a good spring and can be put on any standard wagon with but little trouble. A pair of bolster springs will last a lifetime and give excellent service all the while. No farmer can afford to be without them, as he can now secure first-class springs for any farm wagon at a very reasonable price. An especially good spring of the bolster type is manufactured by the Harvey Spring Company of Racine, Wisconsin, which will no doubt be glad to give you any infor- mation on springs you may desire. * FRUIT AND PRODUCE PUBLIC MARKET, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA IQIL BETTER FRUIT Page 45 LEADING APPLE MARKETS OF THE MIDDLE WEST ADDRESS BY R.H. PENNINGTON, AT WESTERN JOBBERS’ MEETING AT SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA, FEBRUARY 15, 1911 ERE I to undertake to locate “The Middle West” I should say it is bounded on the west by Samuel E. Lux and T. D. Turner, on the north by Ross A. Gamble and E. P. and in the boxes pack limbs, leaves, bark, etc., and continue to mark the box three and one-half tier extra fancy, the trade of the Middle West is likely to drift back from whence they came, to Western The financial rating of the Bigalow Fruit Company of Cleveland, Ohio, according to mercantile agencies, stands very high. They are members of the National League of Commission Merchants. They probably handle over 1,500 cars per year, being large handlers of apples, oranges, peaches, and in fact all kinds of fruit and produce, and as will be seen by referring to their ad in this edition, they give first-class references and represent a number of prominent associations, fruit distributors and ewchanges all over the United States. Stacy, on the east by William L. Wagner, N. G. Gibson and Charley Kerr and on the south by Sam Segari and Jac Stich. This area would, in my opinion, take in the principal consuming and distributing markets of the Middle West. It has been only a few years since this entire section, with the possible excep- tion of a few markets like Kansas City and other points in that immediate vicinity, looked entirely to the East for their apples. Even the short time I have been in business the growers in Western New York, Virginia and New England have always waited until the prominent buyers from Chicago, St. Louis and Evansville had looked over their orchards before they were ready to talk business. But things have changed wonderfully in the last five years. The trend is west- ward, and the Kansas City, Chicago, St. Louis and Evansville operator is now looking to the West for his supply of fancy apples. Now, there is a reason. The Eastern growers had their way so long and had gotten the idea in their heads that the Middle West had to go East for their apples. The Eastern growers got so very careless and independent that the trade naturally drifted to newer and bet- ter fields in the Northwest, and the result is that within a comparatively few years the West has taken the lead in the apple industry. But to the growers in the West and the Northwest I want to say that if they continue to use short boxes, New York. The Eastern growers are already alert to the situation, and new orchards are being planted, and orchards are having better care, and vast improve- ment is being noticed in packing and grading. Short barrels in the East have been the greatest menace that the trade has known in former years, but they have practically been eliminated and a stand- ard barrel in the East is now absolutely known to contain three standard bushels, and the Middle West demands a full bushel box also. Western growers should take heed and get to a full bushel box before there gets to be too much prejudice against short boxes. If seven- eighths of a bushel sells for $210, then at the same rate only, a full bushel would sell for $2.25; therefore pack full bushels and get paid for a bushel instead of seven-eights, for when we can’t guaran- tee a full bushel the trade is hard to convince that there is even seven-eighths, and it is hard to get the relative value for what the box actually contains. Chicago is the largest distributing apple market in the world (even larger than Evansville). Also in this Middle West there are a great many more large - distributing centers, most of which are well located on trunk lines East, with excellent storage facilities and inhabited by the liveliest bunch of fruit jobbers on the American contifient. These jobbers are members of the Western Fruit Job- bers’ Association and are ready to co-op- erate with the dealers and the growers in this Western country for the advance- ment of the apple industry. Give us justly graded and honestly packed fruit in full bushel boxes and the future of the Western apple is assured. But the dealers and the consumers are getting INTERIOR VIEW OF MARKET HOUSE—SHERIFF STREET MARKET AND STORAGE COMPANY, CLEVELAND, OHIO Page 40 BETTER FRUIT DE SOTO CREAMERY AND PRODUCE COMPANY, 69 NICOLLET STREET, NICOLLET ISLAND, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA “Qur cold storage rooms are modern, having been entirely rebuilt the past year. They have a capacity for 150 cars of apple storage, and also have the best switching facilities in the Twin Cities, as we can place seven cars on our own switch track to be loaded or unloaded, and as we are on the main tracks of the Great Northern it entitles us to the best switching service to be had anywhere. more discriminating every season, and the public will not continue to pay their good money for poorly graded, carelessly packed fruit. This Middle West until recently has been very loyal to the barrel as the log- ical standard for apple packing. The box is just getting a real substantial foot- hold in the Middle West, especially the southern portion of this section. Five years ago Evansville handled possibly fifty boxes of Western apples. Four years ago possibly one hundred boxes, while three years ago the entire market probably used as much as a carload. Two years ago there were possibly as many as five cars and last season as many as ten cars, while for the season W. B. CLORE Vice President and General Manager Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Clore, Chicago, Illinois The firm of Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Co., the parent house, is located in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. These two firms have a large list of connections and do a large distributing business in car lots all over the United States. of 1910 and 1911, the present season, the market will use almost as many boxes as barrels. This shows the rapidity in which they are growing in favor in at least one market in the Middle West, and the same is true of other markets. Their popularity is also growing in the South- ern markets, and we are now selling box apples daily in markets which a few years ago would not touch them. Missouri, Arkansas, Indiana, Illinois, Kansas, Oklahoma, Indian Territory ‘and Nebraska are known as the Ben Davis group, and there are people who yet think that the Ben Davis is a real apple. In the Middle West it is grown to a good size, and with seasonable weather has much better color than the Ben Davis from any other section. The barreled Ben Davis is very popular in the South, where they don’t care what color they eet, just so it is red. Illinois, Kentucky, July Virginia and several other Central States raise some excellent Winesaps, and orchards are being put out in all of these sections. Henderson County, Kentucky, in ten years will be a factor in fancy Winesaps. Virginia is known for its York Imperials, and there is no other place on earth where we can get as good Albemarle Pippins. Illinois gives us some very high quality Jonathans. These apples are mostly marketed in the Middle West markets, and mostly in barrels. The demand for apples is growing, and we need more fruit and better fruit, and if the West will give us good stuff the Middle West and the dealers in these markets will market them intelligently and profitably to the grower, shipper and themselves. ® ¢ © D: CROSSLEY & SONS Commission Merchants Apples for Export 200-204 Franklin Street, New York June 16, 1911. Editor Better Fruit: We have your favor of the 31st ult. acknowledg- ing receipt of photo which we sent, also the few lines as to the opening of our London house. With further reference to this we would say that for several seasons past we have had the handling of the Davidson Fruit Company’s pack of apples on the other side. We would alsorsay that during the past season we were the heaviest exporters of boxed apples during the time when the highest prices were ruling on the other side. We also have the distinc- tion of having the longest export season of any of the exporters, our shipments out of New York run- ning from July 29, 1910, to May 10, 1911, the month of June keing the only month that we did not export. While we did a much larger business in the handling of boxed apples in New York, our export business did not suffer by the increase in the New York business. We are trying to use both home and foreign markets in a way that will best serve the shippers’ interests, and, in our opinion, the greatest need in the apple business is co-opera- tion between the shipper and the receiver or dis- tributor. While the shipper will always agree that the receiver should act with him, he does not realize that the shipper or grower can aid the receiver very materially in the marketing of his own crop by advising with the receiver and giving him full information as to time of shipments, var- ieties, quantity etc., so that the distributor can act more intelligently as to the markets, etc. We are strong advocates of the use of both home and for- eign markets, and believe that the foreign market is bound to act as a balance wheel in the apple industry, not only for the present time, but for years to come. With this end in view, we are try- ing to cope with the situation as we find it. Very truly yours, D. CROSSLEY & SONS. THE EVANS & TURNER COMPANY OF COLUMBUS, OHIO ; Whose advertisement appears in our columes, is one of the pioneer houses of Columbus, established in 1878 and incorporated in 1909. ciated with him are some of his employes of years. Mr. O. M. Evans, one of the original partners, is president, and asso- They want Western connections on apples. IQII BETTER FRUIT Bae ie This holds the fruit in place and does not allow it to come in contact with the wood. The use of corrugated paper overcomes having black marks on pears. These marks are caused by the pears getting bruised by coming in contact with the rough surface of the wood. Last year the progressive fruit growers in the East used over two million sheets of corrugated paper for the face and pressed end of their apple barrels, as well as a large number of sheets for use in their boxes. The cost of using corru- gated board in boxes is a mere trifle compared with the protection it gives to the contents of the package. If any of your readers are interested in seeing samples of corrugated paper or board I would take pleasure in sending same. Respectfully, G. P. Read, 199 Duane Street. New York. oe © POKANE INDUSTRIAL FAIR will be held in Spokane from October 2 to 8, 1911. Premium list will be sent on request. We regret that they are offering so many premiums that “Better Fruit” has not space enough to spare to} give the list. Inasmuch as the National! Apple Show of Spokane will be held in FANEUIL HALL MARKET some Eastern city, fruit growers in the “Sands, Furber & Co., Inc., are located about in the center of the market, occuying stalls 88, 90 and 92, interstate districts should show their which are operated as hotel and retail supply departments. Our wholesale business is done in cellars 16 and 17, giving us the largest frontage on the street of any firm in our line of business and enabling us to local pride by making splendid displays back up to our own sidewalk seven loaded trucks at one time.” of fruit at the Interstate Fair. APPLE OUTLOOK GOOD IN EUROPE HE outlook for the apple business in England is very promising. The British public is gradually, though surely, recognizing the fact that the apple is no longer a luxury but a necessity, and apples are now consumed in almost every home. This is encouraging news for those who have orchards soon coming into bearing, and proves an adequate answer for those who hold pessimistic views of the future in reference to a pos- sible stage of overproduction. It has been a splendid Australian apple season this year and some very high prices have ruled right through, although large supplies have been coming to hand every week. We have had an excellent Australian season ourselves, and handle all consign- ments by private treaty only, as we find this method of selling is the best for all parties concerned, the fruit being sold entirely on its merits. Yours faithfully, Ridley, Holding & Co., London. © © © CORRUGATED PAPER FOR PACKING AY I be permitted to offer a suggestion to the fruit grower whereby he can improve upon the carry- ing qualities of his apples or pears when packed in boxes and at the same time overcome having bruised fruit on the face, or pressed end? If a sheet of cor- rugated paper or board is placed in the box and the fruit placed on the smooth side and a sheet placed on top of the fruit, smooth side down, before nailing the top on it will overcome having bruised fruit. Corrugated paper, being soft and pliable, allows the fruit, when pressure is put on, to imbed itself to the depth of about one-eight. of an inch. FRONT VIEW OF GIBSON FRUIT COMPANY’S STORE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS This is a characteristic scene at this store, with wagons, trucks, ete., crowded in front, some loading and some unloading. The first floor is 30x160 feet and given up to a salesroom, and there is a duplicate first floor cold storage area across an alley to the rear. Offices are on the second floor, while the third and fourth floors are devoted to cold storage, as is also the basement. Page 48 BETTER FRUIT July MARKETING PROPOSITION AS AFFECTING PRODUCER NE of the most difficult proposi- () tions placed before a dealer is to be asked to define clearly the relations existing between his end of the business and that of the producer. Not only is it difficult to answer a number of serious questions which come up from time to time, but the suggestions and advice given are bound to be looked upon in a different light, both from the stand- point of the writer and that of the reader, who naturally has preconceived notions of what is or what ought to be. uy an gi ty. Vek SPECIALLY CONTRIBUTED TO “BETTER FRUIT” procuring of hired help, but who will also take care of the selling of the prod- ucts of their members. Where there is a union and the board of directors of that union has no one in its membership who can act as sales man- ager, then it is time for that union either to close up shop and go out of business or hire a thoroughly competent man to take care of its sales department. In fact, to sum up the entire marketing proposition, which is now the most important problem confronting the pro- MARKET DISTRICT OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, SHOWING NORTH MARKET STREET, QUINCY MARKET, AND FANIEUL HALL, SO FAMOUS IN HISTORY The jobbing houses occupy the first floor, which is a semi-basement, and entire sidewalks. The retail markets are located in the interior of the building on the first floor, and in the second story are situated the offices and the large meeting room for the fruit trade. Thus let us start from the very begin- ning. Just as long as the world con- tinues to go around there must be some- one to produce and someone to dispose of the products, for it is practically impossible for the producer to keep in continuous touch with the consuming public by direct connections. For this reason the commission merchant has become an important factor, distributing and selling fruits and other produce for the benefit of his clients, the producers. However, within the last few years there has come quite a change over the methods of doing business—a great many districts throughout the United States pooling their crops on a co-operative basis and appointing sales agents, or sell- ing their crops strictly to buyers from the larger markets on an f.o.b. basis. The last mentioned method of disposing of large crops is absolutely the only sane and sensible way of marketing the prod- ucts, and this can only be accomplished by organizing unions throughout the producing sections. The well managed and honestly conducted union is the solu- tion of the marketing problem. Of course, when referring to unions we mean the unions that not only take care of the packing and the multitude of other details, such as supplies and the ducer, the only salvation for the farmer is the selling of his produce on a strictly f.o.b. basis, and this can only be thoroughly accomplished through the medium of the co-operative union in the different districts. The old proverb that “In Union There is Strength,” is as true today as it ever was. Therefore, the growers of every district are advised to get together—get together—form unions, form them on a strictly co-operative, honest business plan, pack your fruit to the very best of your ability, and then try to pack it better and better every year. Cater to the cash f.o.b. buyer—dont do anything to keep him out of your district, but do everything possible to get him to come year after year. Regulate your prices so that it will pay him to come, and -give him a chance to make a legitimate profit. If you do that it will only be a matter of a year or two when all your crops will be sold long before they are matured, and you will indeed live in a land flow- ing with milk and honey. oo © HE object of “Better Fruit” is to improve the fruit industry, to ascer- tain all new methods in combating fruit pests and diseases, to advance improved methods of packing and to give the fruit grower a better understanding of market- ing problems, so far as we are able. With this object in view, our assistant editor visited a large number of the important fruit cities in the United States. We have asked the different fruit dealers to write articles for us explaining their marketing conditions. Among the fruit dealers visited was Barnett Brothers, South Water Street, Wei F. J. POMEROY LOOKING OVER HIS STOCK The F. J. Pomeroy Company, 84 Detroit Street, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is one of the firms of that city doing a large business, particularly in barrel apples, handling about two hundred cars of barrels from Western New York, and making a specialty of their own pack. It is their claim to give the trade a square deal in every way and in order to carry out their aim they state that they prefer to do their own packing. The firm is also engaged in the exporting business to foreign markets, with large trade throughout the central West, but more important than this to the readers of “Better Fruit,’ as the bulk of our sub- scription list is west of the Mississippi River, is the desire on the part of F. J. Pomeroy Company to make connections with box apple producers of the Northwest and also the central states. They apologize for the appearance of the cut, as the photograph was taken in one of their cooling rooms by flashlight and was snapped unawares. They are anxious to make connections in the Northwest and will be pleased to receive correspondence, and state that it will be a pleasure for them to give full information regarding their system of doing business to anyone who would be interested in seeking a market. IQII UNLOADING FREIGHT ON MISSISSIPPI LEVEE, ST. L-Guis BETTER FRUIT SCENE SHOWING WHERE FRUIT, PRODUCE, ETC., IS UNLOADED ON THE MISSISSIPPI LEVEE AT ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Chicago, Illinois. Their establishment is one of the large ones in the Chicago market, and the space devoted to han- dling and selling fruit considerably larger than that of many other firms. They occupy two large stores, which enables them to dispose of an immense volume of shipments. They claim they have a dozen wagons continually hauling less than carload consignments, arriving daily. In addition to this they also do a large catload business, which is handled with ease and in a way which gives evidence of a thorough organization and up-to- date business methods. Their salesmen are energetic, intelligent and excellent judges of fruits and vegetables. Barnett Brothers are doing an extensive business not only with the city trade but with the country trade as well, and it is a well known fact that the country trade is very valuable to large fruit dealers as dis- tributors. A firm with a good out-of- town trade can make shipments to out- side points to splendid advantage when local conditions are suffering from over- supply. This firm invites correspondence and will be glad to have anyone interested in establishing connections for marketing Western fruits write them in order that they may enter into correspondence and fully explain their system and methods for handling fruit so as to get proper results. Their statement is that they are one of the firms that have aimed to hold trade secured not by promises, but by deeds. The Continental Commercial National Bank of Chicago is the banking house of Barnett Brothers, and a letter addressed to that bank will bring any grower or dealer any additional informa- tion they may desire regarding Barnett Brothers. oo © HERE are many ways for a fruit grower to dispose of his crop. He can market through a local association, sell it to some local dealer, sell it to some Eastern buyer, ship it on commission, dispose of it on guarantee advance or he can ship to be sold at auction imme- diately. Another method of disposing of fruit is through exchanges or distrib- utors. Of these there are two classes, one the incorporated company, con- ducted the same as any other line of business to a great extent, and the other style is through exchanges or distribut- ing associations, which are run on the co-operative plan, many of the stock- holders and directors being fruit grow- ers. Local associations are sometimes banded together as district associations, which is another means of disposing of your fruit crop. Your association can dispose of your fruit on the f.0.b. basis, consignment or on guarantee account. A part of your fruit crop can be sold for immediate delivery and part you can place in cold storage at “in transit” points for future sale. We have endeavored as far as possible, in the July issue, to present the views of fruit dealers on the various methods of selling fruit and to have them express On the Levee, Memphis, Tenn. _-— ih Page 49 their opinions about the fruit industry in general. The August edition will pre- sent the views of the fruit growers as far as we are able to obtain them in the limited time before going to press. We believe a better condition will result when the fruit growers read the dealers’ edition in July and the fruit dealers read the growers’ number in August. “Better Fruit” has seen fit to produce two edi- tions in succession which, in many instances, may be in direct opposition, but as a result of which, we trust, will spring up harmony of action along sub- stantial lines that will benefit both the fruit grower and the dealer. This year probably more experiments will be tried in the marketing of fruit than in any previous year of the business of the Northwest; more plans will be tried, and the results, of course, remain to be seen. We believe the July, August and September numbers will give so much valuable information in connection with the marketing and selling of fruit that the many plans of marketing advanced will furnish such information that the final result will be some har- monious plan of selling and distributing fruit by which both the grower and the dealer will profit in succeeding seasons. It is only by the careful weighing of many ideas that the “greatest good to the greatest number” can become an accomplished fact. © © © RACTICALLY all of the articles in this edition are written by Eastern fruit dealers, giving their individual views on the different marketing and selling plans. Most of them have adver- tisements in this edition, giving their postoffice addresses, and will be pleased to receive correspondence from associa- tion managers or others who are seeking opportunities for their output. The asso- ciation number of “Better Fruit” will be the September edition, in which we will endeavor to furnish as complete informa- tion as possible along fruit shipping and ON ‘THE LEVEE AT MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE, DURING THE COTTON SHIPPING SEASON FRUIT IS HANDLED AT THIS PLACE DURING THE FRUIT SEASON Page 50 BETTER FRUIT July number of carloads of apples that will be marketed from each district and each state during 1911. These two numbers ought to be very interesting to both the fruit grower and the fruit dealer. The better the fruit dealer and the fruit grower become acquainted the more satisfactory their exchange of informa- tion will be, consequently better results will follow for both. > <2 7 R. FRUIT DEALER, if you want Northwestern fruit to sell there is no question about the advisability of your advertising in “Better Fruit’—it will get you results. We know this from fruit dealers who have advertised with us for five years, and who have increased their space regularly. It will get you results because we have an immense sub- scription list in the Northwest and quite a good list of subscriptions of fruit growers throughout the Middle West and THE MARKET HOUSE, IN THE FRUIT AND PRODUCE SECTION OF HOUSTON, TEXAS Eastern States. All these people are market lines through articles written by officers of the different associations and by others who have been prominent in shipping the output of fruit from the Northwest. In the September number we shall try and give some advance statistics with reference to the number of carloads of each kind of fruit already shipped by the associations, the number of car- loads already shipped outside of the asso- ciations and the number of carloads of each kind of fruit which the associations expect to market during the balance of the year as well as the number of car- loads of different kinds of fruit that will be shipped from different districts out- side the associations. We realize in advance that it is early to supply definite data along these lines, but we are giving the different districts an opportunity to express their views for the benefit of themselves and the fruit dealers. In the September issue we expect to have the matter condensed so that we can give a very reliable estimate of the FRUIT AND PRODUCE SECTION, LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY looking for markets. By advertising you will get in touch with them through cor- respondence; this will bring you the busi- ness. The July edition is 15,000 copies. We publish 14.120 copies regularly every month, and we can furnish sworn state- ments as to this number from ourselves and from our printer. “Better Fruit” is exclusively a fruit paper, and, therefore, it has no waste circulation as affecting your business. No man or firm buying in car lots can fail to get results from their advertising in “Better Fruit” if they give the correspondence proper atten- tion, and we would suggest there is no better way of supplementing this adver- tising and correspondence than by per- sonal visits to become acquainted with the fruit growers, and to learn what the different districts in the Northwest have to sell. Lexington Market. BALTIMORE, Mar o © © Editor Better Fruit: I thank you for the copies of the January, Feb- ruary, March and April issues of your publication. There is no question about the value of the work you are doing for the fruit industry in tke North- west. With kind regards, and wishing you con- tinued success, I am, yours very truly, A. M. LEXINGTON PUBLIC MARKET, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND Cleland, St. Paul, Minnesota. O.€. Spooner * sz Car Lot Deciduous and Citrus Fruit Distributors Connections in Principal Foreign Markets NO ACCOUNT TOO LARGE Distribution Through Auction a Specialty. Sales Every Day Check and printed account sales mailed day following. No drafts turned down; no adjustments to be made; you are guaranteed value received; each size and brand sold on its merits. Datly attendance at sales around two hundred from all over New England. ARE YOU INTERESTED? [ The Produce Reporter Co...........Chicago The Better Fruit Publishing Co..Hood River B t th H b d C nt r | ‘hes Packe ra mem. ae emer. ie New York OS on, e u afl € € ASK | WbhesPinkashee tears yarns at ME New York ‘ 4 4 spherGreenks beetaeemeee ere Philadelphia of Distribution | Any DOG ye eeetrey siete knee Anywhere WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table— King of Table Apples THE HOOD RIVER NEWTOWN AS SOLD BY STEINHARDT & KELLY STEINHARDT & KELLY, New York Handled practically the entire output of this most magnificent of apples as packed by the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER SPITZENBERGS STEINHARDT & KELLY, New York The Fruit House ‘‘Par Excellence’’ of the Western Hemisphere The high standing and long experience of this firm place them at the very top of the FRUIT MERCHANTS OF THE WORLD WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT HOW IS HE RATED? The recognized authority on the financial and credit standing of th Wholesale Fruit and Produce Trade is the Produce Reporter Co.’s Credit Book It shows their specialties, volume of business, financial responsibility and credit standing, based on actual ‘experience’ of their distant customer Tt HIS & BOOK ISTHE PR RO PRoDU rE REPORTE LEASED NOT SOLD ITISL Size Trading Members, 7x11 WYyx3 yy Ponded Commission inches ——— ——— a : Merchants, 1430 A N/ ATi | “Ol NA AL Bonded Brokers pages ‘i pil ay ; Weight 8 lbs. . PR ODUCE At ND FRUIT || s A N CY Black Face Type GE he - XECUT 00R pene bs Cc ARK | SrReeT 0. CL A National Protective Organization’s Reference Book ADJUSTERS in every market of importance in the United States to inspect adjust or resell rejected shipments. WELL ORGANIZED Collection, Legal, Railroad Claim and Arbitration Departments. What it is doing for others it can do for you. WORTH INVESTIGATING. Yours truly, Tear this off and mail to Produce Reporter Co., Gree Hutadnmven ome | PLOCUGE Ie DOnteh Ge: tion of benefits. Signatures hina-cetelernecte ec ee ase Conn aren eee C H I C A GO INGA ESS jeri Sishahe: sles RETA Ne Lee econ as EEE Tae WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT SMALL CORNER OF SALESROOM, J. & G. LIPPMAN, INC., SHOWING MR. LIPPMAN TREASURER OF THE COMPANY Mr. Lippman (marked A) has control of the sales and gives each detail of the department his personal supervision. Thus with officials of the company overlooking each department personally, the interests of shippers are securely safeguarded. Those marked B are the regular salesmen of this concern. PEAKING OF WEALTH, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, has more than any city of its size in the world. It is the second city in the United States in banking capital and surplus. It has a jobbing market serving ten million people, and doing an annual business of $1,000.000,000. The annual payroll of Pittsburg’s manu- facturing establishments. is $500,000,000, having five thousand manufacturing plants. employing three hundred and fifty thousand operatives, and the amount of capital invested in these work shops is in excess of $1,000,000,000. Western Penn- sylvania does not produce any fruits or vegetables worthy of mention. The above facts should be of interest to Northwestern fruit growers. Crutch- field & Woolfolk, Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania, are, and have been for years, the leading factors in Western box apples and Northwestern deciduous fruits. They occupy a commanding position in the Pittsburg district, and their trade also extends to all parts of the country. They own a large, well equipped and splen- didly located store room in the heart of the Pittsburg produce district. © > © NE of the largest concerns in the country is E. P. Stacy & Sons, of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Besides doing business in Minneapolis and St. Paul under the firm name of E. P. Stacy & Sons, they have twelve associated houses as follows: Stacy Fruit Company, Fargo, North Dakota; Stacy Mercantile Com- pany, Valley City, North Dakota; Stacy Fruit Company, Bismarck, North Da- kota; Stacy Fruit Company, Carrington, North Dakota; E. P. Stacy Fruit Com- pany, Watertown, South Dakota; E. P. Stacy & Sons Company, Mason City, Iowa; Stacy Fruit and Produce Com- pany, Albert Lea, Minnesota; Stacy Bros. Fruit Company, Lincoln, Nebraska; Davidson Bros. Company, Des Moines, Iowa; Davidson Bros. Company, Fort Dodge, Iowa; Davidson Bros. Company, Marshalltown, JIowa; Davidson’ Bros. Company, Moberly, Missouri. The Twin Cities are large consumers of fruit and Pete efor jitege W0s60, A, GENERAL SALESROOM, GIBSON FRUIT COMPANY’S STORE, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Page 55 E. P. Stacy & Sons supply a large terri- tory with fruit, not only in the entire state of Minnesota, but in North Dakota, South Dakota, Iowa, Missouri and Ne- braska. The list of branch houses indi- cate the immense business done by this firm. oo © S a fruit enthusiast Mr. Clinton L. Oliver of Denver, Colorado, holds a peculiarly distinctive position, and is doing excellent work for the fruit grower in many ways, particularly in the Colo- rado section. He was first manager of the National Apple Show held at Denver and afterwards became one of the editors of the Intermountain Fruit Journal, one of the nicest papers which comes to the editors desk. It is gotten up beautifully typographically, giving lots of practical information relative to the district in which it circulates. In addition to his other duties, Mr. Oliver has accepted the position as secretary of the American Apple Congress and is now working hard to hold the National Apple Show in con- nection with the American Apple Con- gress meeting during the coming year. He has done much in a publicity way and therefore deserves the thanks of people connected with the fruit industry, for the main compensation in publicity work consists in glory and not in dollars and cents. oo © Editor Better Fruit: _Apropos your article entitled “A Prominent Northwestern Fruit Grower,” page 73 in your May issue, it may perhaps interest you to know that the records in prices obtained for the Hillcrest Orchard’s brand of pears in London are held by ourselves, we having obtained 20 shillings ($4.80) per half box for a car of 800 half boxes in October last, which was a repetition of our achievement of two years ago. We may also add that in September last we made a record price for Hudson River Bartlett pears, realizing 50 shillings ($12.00) per barrel. Yours faithfully, W. Dennis & Sons, Ltd., London, England. ise we. x =S This is one of the largest stores in the West South Water Street market. The high ceiling of the room affords opportunity for excellent displays of fruits, and some of the most artistic arrangements of West- ern fruit ever shown in Chicago have been arranged here. This picture was taken June 21, after the heavy box apple deal was over. Page 56 BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON OFFICIAL ORGAN OF Tue NortTHwest Fruit Growers’ ASSOCIATION A MontHtiy ILLustRaTED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN Fruit GROWING AND MARKETING Att Communications SHOULD BE ADDRESSED AND Remittances Mane PAYABLE TO Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEPARD EDITOR AND PUBLISHER C. R. Gretsen, Assistant Editor H. E. Van Deman, Contributing Editor StTaTE AssocrIaATE EDITORS OREGON A. B. Corprey, Entomologist, Corvallis C. I. Lewis, Horticulturist, Corvallis P. J. O’Gara, Pathologist and Entomologist, Medford WASHINGTON W. S. THornser, Horticulturist, Pullman A. L. MELANDER, Entomologist, Pullman COLORADO C. P. Gititette, Director and Entomologist, Fort Collins E. B. House, Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering, State Agricultural College, Fort Collins E. P. Taytor, Horticulturist, Grand Junction IDAHO W. H. Wicks, Horticulturist, Moscow UTAH Dr. E. D. Batt, Director and Entomologist, Logan Leon D. BatcHetor, Horticulturist, Logan MONTANA O. B. Wutppre, Horticulturist, Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W. WoopwortH, Entomologist, Berkeley W. H. Votcx, Entomologist, Watsonville BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Winstow, Provincial Horticulturist, Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 PER YEAR In ADVANCE, IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA Fezz1Gn Susscriptions, Including Postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27, 1906, at the Post Office at Hood River, Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. HE, DEADERS. SEDITION OH “BETTER.FRUIT.”—This number (July) is devoted exclusively to the fruit dealers, shippers, commission men and buyers in the United States. It is a special edition and contains nothing about growers’ methods or orcharding in any way. The object is to present the dealers’ point of view. We have extended a general invitation to the prominent dealers in about fifty large cities of the United States, and some in Europe. to write short articles for this edition, com- menting upon marketing problems, that is, the selling of fruit. We have requested them to criticise the pack where faulty, to complain of grading when not prop- erly done, to suggest and explain the selling of fruit in various cities in an intelligent way, with a view to bettering the fruit industry in general. Our belief is that the grower should thoroughly understand the marketing requirements; if the grade.is off he ought to be told, if the quality is not up to the standard he should be advised, if the pack is poor he should be notified. We believe an expression of opinion from the promi- nent fruit dealers- of large cities in the United States should result in raising the standard and quality of the fruit shipped from the orchard. If this edition be instrumental in accomplishing this, even to a small extent, a step has been taken in the right direction. If the fruit dealer, jobber, commission man or seller is intel- ligently supplied with quality fruit in BETTER FRUIT accordance with market requirements it seems that it is reasonable to expect that he will obtain better prices, and conse- quently make more money. Ii the dealer can get better prices it cannot help but benefit the grower, but the grower and shipper must understand all these fea- tures to know what to ship, how to ship, when to ship and where to ship. A great many of the firms we have invited to furnish articles have complied. A few requests have not been complied with at this writing, but as it is ten days before we go to press it is our sincere hope that every dealer invited to con- tribute an article to “Better Fruit” will have done so. Those who have been asked to contribute and have failed to do so, or have failed to get their copy to our office before we go to press, will be given the privilege of writing an article for the August edition, or if their article has been written and received too late for publication in July it will appear in the August number of “Better Fruit.” Mr. Fruit Dealer: The July edition is a sample copy of “Better Fruit.” While most of the articles in the different editions, as a fule, refer to fruit growers’ methods, you will find considerable reading matter that will be valuable to fruit dealers in the United States, and we do not hesitate to say that every fruit dealer should subscribe to “Better Fruit.” Over 200 fruit dealers are already on our list, and some esteem “Better Fruit” so highly that to insure being able to read it thoroughly they request that it be mailed them at their home address instead of to their office. We want every fruit dealer to sub- scribe, and our aim will be to fur- nish you with reliable information which will be of benefit to you, and whatever helps the fruit dealer to dispose of the fruit crop to better advantage helps the fruit grower just the same. HE editor of “Better Fruit” was invited to address the International Apple Shippers’ Association at Niagara Falls in 1910 and the Western Fruit Job- bers’ meeting at Sacramento in 1911, on both occasions receiving a cordial recep- tion, for which he extends his sincere thanks. It is the belief of “Better Fruit” that the fruit grower ought to be more or less familiar with the different markets, and that fruit dealers ought to under- stand and be posted on the different varieties, grades and qualities of fruit grown in different sections of the country in order to get the best results for both; and we further believe that honesty is the best policy on the part of both the grower and the dealer. Crop reports from all sections should be reliable. Underestimating and overestimating can- July not help but result in evil one way or another sooner or later. It is a mistake to exaggerate the crop for the purpose of depressing prices, and it affords the writer great pleasure to say that it was with great satisfaction that he heard Mr. C. P. Rothwell, late secretary of the International Apple Shippers’ Associa- tion, a man whom all admired, argue in a most convincing way for a crop report on New York State in the year 1910 to be put down at eighty per cent when some members argued for one hundred per cent. We felt at the time that Mr. Rothwell was absolutely sincere in his opinion, as was evidenced by the crop marketed. Some sections, in their line of promo- tion work, have adopted a policy of talk- ing of thousands of carloads in advance of the season for the purpose of booming their district. This is certainly a mistake on the part of any fruit growing section. In the first place it has an unjustly depressing influence on market prices, and, secondly, when the crop is harvested the result is like a big boomerang. OCMC) DITORIALLY “Better Fruit” has urged, and the editor publicly, pri- vately and by correspondence, a _ bet- ter acquaintance between grower and dealer, and we are pleased to say that more dealers are covering the fruit pro- ducing sections now than ever before in the history of the business. We believe the results would be beneficial to both the selling end and the grow- ing end of the fruit industry. The dealer will become more familiar with the products of each particular section, which will be to his interest and, we might add, at the same time to that of the grower. The grower will become better acquainted with the dealer and learn what kind of a man he is. No one can deny that it is easier and more satis- factory to do business with a man you personally know than with a man whom you have never seen. It has been our aim to get advertis- ing from the principal fruit dealers in the large cities of the United States in order that the grower might, by correspond- ence and otherwise, become better acquainted with the different firms in the different cities for the mutual inter- est of both. We have asked for photo- graphs of the stores of different con- cerns advertising in this issue, or photo- graphs of one of their members, with a description of their business. We have endeavored to secure photographs of all public fruit markets, scenes in auction markets and scenes in the principal produce streets in every large city. In addition to this, we have secured scenes from Covent Garden Market, London, England. and fruit market scenes in Liv- erpool, Glasgow and London. We also show in this edition the fruit docks at Hamburg, Germany, as well as the interior display room for fruit inspection before the auction takes place, and the immense building in which the produce dealers have their offices. Continued on page 509. I9QI1 BETTER FRUIT Page 57 “TALK to Mr. Commission Man or Apple Buyer and Seller Apple Growers that Are, and Apple Growers that Will Be We have worked like beavers at Hood River to gain two ends. To raise the finest quality of fruit at the lowest possible cost, and to realize for these apples a legitimate profit consistent with our efforts and quality. In doing this we have made an enviable reputation. All over the apple-eating world we are known as the growers of the finest quality Spitzenbergs and Yellow Newtowns. At home here in the West we are taken as the standard—our teachings are followed and our results striven for. We are known as the most scientific producers of apples of quality. Hood River is the place where all fruit growers may learn. What does this dual reputation mean to the man who intends to grow apples or the man who sells apples? It means our reputation has been won on quality fruit that is honestly packed and guaranteed. The seller puts the Hood River product before a discriminating public at a fair profit and pleases that public. That means continued trade in a staple high class article every year. It means a contented trade that finds every apple and every part of the apple as it should be—as it is guaranteed. It means a pleased consumer. The apple grower can ask for no more than to grow fruit with the stamp of quality upon it, that goes to the pleased consumer, who returns every year and demands Hood River apples. This assures a continued sale at good prices. This gives a legitimate profit for your investment and labor. Besides all this, you will enjoy the greatest scenic beauty found in any fruit district—a cli- mate that is good for your trees as well as pleasing to you—and neighbors, fellow fruit growers, who are cultured, refined and intelligent. Your work will give you health, appetite and muscle. Your children will have excellent schools to attend—will become men and women of intelligence and strength. It is the ideal life, combined with the practical, making life worth living. A conservative, progressive community, through their Commercial Club, is telling you plain, uncolored facts in an honest manner. We only want progressives at Hood River, who do not want profits without work. We are in the business of growing apples, superior quality apples, for all time to come. For these apples we want to keep a fair profit for ourselves, give the seller his legitimate reward for his labors, placing the apples before the consumer and allowing him to enjoy the fruits of our labor at a fair price. We ask you, the Seller, to investigate—it means money to you. We ask you, “Mr. Apple Grower to be,” to investigate—it means more money to you, and also it means happiness, con- tentment and life. Hood River Commercial Club Secretary. P. S—We will tell you more about it if you will drop us a line. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 58 BETTER FRUIT July TED. De “Jobbing Trade: We cordially invite correspondence from all high class fruit jobbers relative to supplying their trade the com- ing season with the finest apples grown on earth. Our brilliant red Sprtzenbergs for early wimter trade and our beautiful Ye/ow Newtown Pippins tor the spring trade are the two ideals of the Apple World, and for favor, beauty and keeping qualities they are not equalled. Buy goods of guwafity and your trade will appreciate the same. Write | Hood River Apple Growers Union HOOD RIVER, OREGON The Hood River Standard Nursery Co. HOOD RIVER, OREGON Offer for delivery for the fall of 1911 and spring of 1912 an exceptionally fine line of Gravenstein Spitzenberg Yellow Newtown Ortley Baldwin Rome Beauty Delicious Jonathan Winesap AUND = MCAUNDY VOMMEDE RON cael aiehsS Our trees are tall, straight one-year-old top on three-year-old root, propagated from selected trees in the most celebrated orchards of this famous valley Write for Catalog and Price List WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII Continued from page 56. The idea of this edition is original in conception and execution, and we believe it will do much in the way of giving the fruit shippers an intelligent understand- ing of nearly all the different markets in the larger cities of the United States. We believe this edition will be instru- mental in enabling the fruit grower to meet the requirements better in the future than he has been able to.do in past, and we believe the result will be that the dealer will be able to sell the fruit at better prices, making a better profit, and as a consequence the grower will get a better price for his fruit. The editor has many personal friends, whom he esteems highly, among fruit dealers in the United States, but realized that this edition was a task too large to be accomplished by correspondence in the short time allowed to get out the July edition. © © © ORE special editions have been published by “Better Fruit” than any other fruit growers’ paper in the United States, and ours have actually been special editions, not general edi- tions with a special title. “Better Fruit” has published more original editions than any other journal of its kind in America. Among some of our special editions, devoted exclusively to one subject, are the following: Packing, Spraying, Wal- nut Culture, Orchard Heating, Floral Culture. Irrigation, Pear and Grape, Peach and Cherry. Each one of these editions has been more thorough on its particular subject than any special issued by any other publication, and most of them have been original in conception and execution. While we regret that others have copied our methods, still we must consider it as a compliment to BETTER FRUIT AUCTION SCENE ON THE SECOND FLOOR OF THE ERIE DOCK, NEW YORK, SHOWING THE AUCTIONEER’S AS WELL AS THE RECORDERS’ DESKS “Better Fruit” that they have done so. It is better to copy something good than to originate something worthless. “Better Fruit” is the only fruit grow- ers’ publication west of the Mississippi River that has the nerve and can afford the expense of sending a special repre- sentative on a trip throughout the entire East annually. Last year the editor of “Better Fruit’? visited some forty-five of the principal marketing centers of the East and Middle West and the assistant editor covered about the same number. ENTRANCE” To y PIER BO EXTERIOR VIEW OF ERIE DOCK, NEW YORK, SHOWING WAGONS OF FRUIT DEALERS READY TO TAKE AWAY THE FRUIT THAT HAS BEEN BOUGHT AT AUCTION This year the assistant editor is just com- pleting a very thorough trip, covering some fifty-three cities. EMPTYING THE PALMER BUCKET INTO THE FIELD BOX WITHOUT BRUISING A SINGLE APPLE The greatest invention of the age for emptying fruit from the bucket into the field box without bruising the fruit. For further particulars, see elsewhere in this edition, or write to the Palmer Bucket Company, Hood River, Oregon. Page 60 E believe the July edition of “Bet- ter Fruit” will be far more inter- esting, instructing and valuable than we anticipated it would be when we began. Our last forms are being closed, and we want to say that we have advertising from about eighty-five firms in Eastern, Middle West and Southern cities, and about fifteen in Western cities, and we believe we have got some mighty good dealers represented in the advertise- ments in this issue. © © The editorial staff has written no articles for this issue except the edi- torials. It is our idea to give the dealers full swing to present the problems in marketing fruit that confront them, and I believe these articles about the market- ing of fruit and the descriptions of differ- ent firms will be not only interesting, but valuable information for every fruit grower, shipper and association in the Northwest. In order that their ideas might be presented from their own point of view we have not added to or taken from any article, or made any changes. © © © The illustrations in this issue, the Dealers’ Edition of “Better Fruit,’’ we believe will present scenes and views that not one fruit grower in a thousand has ever seen. The illustrations in this edi- tion alone are worth the price of a year’s subscription to “Better Fruit.” © © © Some articles, some scenes and some advertisements arrived too late to be included in this issue. It was an immense undertaking, and the cost of production of this issue is about $5,000. The work was so great that we are delayed in get- ting out the edition, for which we apolo- gize. Fruit scenes and articles about July PUBLIC MARKET OF GALVESTON, TEXAS The best harbor in Texas, showing one of the most peculiar public market scenes of any city in the United States. sold from the decks to the public. appearing in this edition. Fruit and produce are placed on small boats, which are known as the mosquito fleet, and _This is probably the strangest scene showing the disposition of fruit Texas is a large consuming market of all kinds of fruits. M. S. Ujffy is one of the largest handlers of Western apples in this city. marketing problems that arrived too late for the July edition will appear in the August edition. ©¢ The Northwest, at the present time, is producing a large amount of fruit. It is certainly a great fruit country. Its out- put will increase steadily, and will be a more important factor in the fruit trade in a few years than is generally realized. © The fruit growers of the Northwest want to get acquainted with the fruit dealers of the East, and we invite you to come and visit us. VIEW OF THE ERIE DOCK, NEW YORK CITY As. shown here, sections are provided all the way through the buildin certain section, the number is recorded on the auction sheets, and if any buyer after looking over the fruit decides to buy a certain kind, he marks the number of the section on the auction sheet from which he is going to bid. g, and whatever fruit is put in a E will be pleased to receive from all sources letters of comment on this edition, and will publish in the next issue as many as our space will permit. © © The object of presenting this edition is to bring about a better understanding and better acquaintance between the fruit dealer, the commission man, the fruit jobber and the fruit operator with the fruit growers of the Northwest, the asso- ciations and the shippers. N. G. GIBSON Of the Gibson Fruit Company, 69 West South Water Street, Chicago, Illinois. The Gibson Fruit Company handles the output of Wenatchee Fruit Growers’ Association, Wenatchee, Washington, and immense quantities from other districts, amounting to something over 1,200 cars during the season. Although a very quiet and rather reserved man, still Mr. Gibson is not only popular, but well liked, with an extensive acquaint- ance with the trade and fruit dealers. BETTER FRUIT FANEUIL HALL MARKET, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, SHOWING SURROUNDING STREETS, WHICH ARE ALSO FRUIT AND PRODUCE STREETS HE prominent New York firm, Rob- ert T. Cochran & Co., 290 Washing- ton Street, a member of the International Apple Shippers’ Association, has been in business for sixteen years, and is not only popular, but well spoken of by everybody. This firm does an immense business, probably handling over fifteen hundred cars of fruit and produce per year, dealing largely in apples, peaches, deciduous and citrus fruits, also vege- tables. Like a good. many other firms represented in “Better Fruit,’ they are progressive people and wish to extend “LEXINGTON MARKET. — SALTIMORE, their business, and desire to get in com- munication with associations, fruit ship- pers and fruit growers who put up quality of fruit and guarantee their grade. For such people Robert T. Coch- ran & Co. are satisfied that they can show splendid results, and invite corre- spondence with anyone desiring to mar- ket fruit in New York City. © ¢ © HE International Apple Shippers’ Association will hold their annual session at Detroit early in August. Every dealer interested in the apple business LEXINGTON MARKET, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, ONE OF THE GREATEST PUBLIC MARKETS IN THE UNITED STATES, WHERE THE GROWERS SELL THEIR PRODUCE TUESDAYS, FRIDAYS AND SATURDAYS OF EACH WEEK Page 61 ought to attend this meeting, and grow- ers can get much valuable information also by attending. For further particu- lars, requirements for membership, etc., write the secretary, Mr. R. G. Philips, Rochester, New York. © © © The great problem before the fruit grower today is distribution and selling, and we urge every advertiser in this issue as well as others who are interested and expect to be interested in handling fruit from the Northwest, to visit this country and get acquainted with our people. Acquaintance goes a long way in helping a man get business. &o Editor Better Frutt: Herewith please find one dollar as a continuation of our subscription to your publication. We do not feel as though we could do without it. If you have missed sending us the May number please send it, as we want a continuous file. Consider that you are publishing the “best magazine’ pertaining to the cultivation of the fruit industry. Yours very truly, Earl Fruit Company, Newcastle, California. R. S. FRENCH Business Manager National League of Commission Merchants of the United States. Mr. French was elected to this office in January. His long traffic experience particularly qualifies him for this important office, and the wisdom of his selection as the guiding hand of the league’s affairs has been demonstrated in the important develop- ment of the interests of the league members along all lines. The league now has a membership of 387 of the most reliable and responsible commission merchants, located in twenty-eight of the leading markets of the United States. WANTED Position by young man as orchard mana- ger. Several years experience in handling commercial orchards. Best references. Address C. L. G.. care Better Fruit Pub- lishing Co., Hood River, Oregon. RELIEF VALVE? WHAT RELIEF VALVE? THE ‘Crown’ Relief Valve Watch this space each month Crown Specialty Company P. O. Box 297 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 02 Are justly famous, not only for perfection in size, shape and color, but also for the great final test of Flavor In comparison to all other quality tests sink into insig- which nificance. early are held in our BUSY PEACE —tThe ~B. Presley, Company is the oldest wholesale fruit and commission firm in Minnesota. It received the first carloads of California fruit, strawberriés and bananas sold in the St. Paul market. It was a pioneer at the beginning and is a pioneer still, blaz- ing the way for others to follow. This firm is by far the largest receiver of deciduous and citrus fruits in St. Paul. its Pacific Coast receipts alone last year exceeded five hundred carloads. There We can ship in the fall at picking in clean, new, non-odorous boxes for shipment. BETTER FRUIT Will make early quotations on carloads, and solicit your business. DAVIDSON FRUIT CO., Hood River, Oregon Let them hear from whatever you have to offer. Presley Company. you, oo The Western Pacific Railway Company has taken active measures to help the territory that is tributary to their line. Their spirit shows a broad comprehen- sion of the development of the country and indicates that the welfare of the railroad depends on the welfare of the territory tributary to their road. Their road runs through some of the best fruit APPLE@ time, or hold until such time as needed. July Hood are grown in a moun- River Apples tainous district, where the snow fall is heavy and there is enough of winter weather to develop the maximum of flavor, as well as the highest degree of beauty. Apples not shipped storage plant in fresh, pure, cold air until they are wanted, when they are packed This insures in late shipments the same high qualities as in the early shipments, fresh pack and perfect fruit, and all the delicious flavor of the apple. growers in the different fruit sections along their line. This certainly looks like progressiveness to us. is no better market for Coast products | : ugh s than St. Paul, and no better house in St. Sections in California, to the north of the Paul than the B. Presley Company. Mr. State, and in their desire to help the fruit Shipper, you cannot afford to overlook growing sections along their road they the St. Paul market, and when using it have paid tor one hundred subscriptions you cannot afford to overlook the B. to “Better Fruit” to be sent to fruit FOR SHIPPERS Shipping Associations and individual erowers find safety and sincere coopera- tion in 28 principal distributing markets PROTECTION of the U. S. by dealing with members of National League of Commission Merchants 387 Merchant Members whese financial responsibilitv, personal integrity and moral standing, commend them to ship- pers everywhere. Membership List, copies of the League Bulletin and any spe- cific information sent promptly on request. Address. NO. 204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK. CARL. W. KIMBALL Member of the firm of C. H. & C. W. Kimball, large handlers of fruits and vegetables in New York City, was elected to the office of president of the National League of Commission Merchants at the nineteenth annual convention, held in Minne- apolis January, 1911. Mr. Kimball advanced to this position from the vice-presidency, which he held in 1910, and is taking the most active interest in all league affairs. MarK oe FREE DIRECTOR R. S. FRENCH, Business DOR Sasi dtsinmmnl ne hae eee WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ODL BETTER FRUIT Page 63 COLUMBUS, OHIO, A STEADY MARKET NE of the best markets in the Cen- tral West, with a location excelled by none, and with railroads and cold storage plants of the very highest repu- tation, is Columbus, Ohio. Situated in Central Ohio, with a vast surrounding territory to suppy, the Columbus job- bing houses draw no line, but reach everywhere in distribution of perishable products. The coming year in Colum- bus should see the usual increase in con- sumption of Northwestern fruits, espe- cially peaches and apples. A certain outlet is always available for Bartlett pears, and conditions will govern the outlet on plums and prunes. Prospects for light crops of peaches in the South means that Western peaches will be in demand all season. Always a demand for fancy Bartlett pears, and with the information at hand that the Eastern crop is being injured prospects look good for Western shipments. Trees are full of plums, and unless there is a considerable shrinkage before maturity there will only be a demand for fancy varieties from the West. The Western box apples have a recognized place in this market, and even with a heavy crop throughout the East a _ considerable quantity will be wanted for storage pur- poses. Respectfully, The Evans & Turner Company. ©¢ © ITH the year 1911 Barnett Bros., 159 South Water Street, Chicago, Illinois, has entered on its forty-fifth year of business in the Chicago market. This record signifies stability and suc- cess. We have not, however, grown old, nor have we become fossilized, but on the contrary have overcome and cast aside those obstacles which stand in the way of a beginner. For ourselves we have preserved the best, most enduring and most satisfying elements. Our establishment is conducted by young, but tempered blood: we have the best pence E aay ae that money can obtain in the field of ae Fe eee OT ESO Ske : 5 ¥ , ice President J. & G. Lippman, Inc. salesmanship; our location, size of build- Mr. Weslosky looks after the correspondence and has charge of the inner affairs, etc., of the firm ing, equipment and general facilities are unsurpassed. Our trade is a most extensive and, above all, a steady one; we cater to the best. A visit to our place of business, when you are in Chi- cago, will convince you of all we have said, and we welcome you most sin- cerely. In the meantime we ask you to write to any reputable commission mer- chant in the United States or Canada, to any of the railroad or express companies centering in Chicago, to any of the com- mercial agencies or to the Continental Commercial National Bank of Chicago. From any of these sources you can obtain information regarding us. Wm. L. Loeffel, president. © © © Editor Better Fruit: I wish to acknowledge with pleasure receipt of two sample copies of the magazine, “Better Fruit.” Although I have been interested in the subject of fruit growing for some little time it happens that this is the first time I have seen your magazine, which has been my misfortune, as I have never seen anything published to equal it. I expect to send in my regular subscription a little later on, as I do not see how a person actively interested in yaee = ZR ‘3 a wee ana = SHU Serer 2 apple growing can be without “Better Fruit Sin- CENTRE MARKET, WASHINGTON, D. C., ONE OF THE FINEST RETAIL FRUIT AND Sass anne: LG Nets Sioaseeay alia Dees PRODUCE MARKETS IN THE UNITED STATES Tree Expert Company, Kent, Ohio. Page 64 Corner HE progressive fruit merchants, A. B. Detweiler & Son Company, 246 South Front Street and 117 Dock Street, is one of the old firms of Phila- delphia, having been established in busi- ness since 1866. They are splendidly equipped for doing business, occupying large quarters fronting on two streets, South Front and Dock Streets, which are in the center of the fruit and produce section of Philadelphia. Apples is one of their specialties during the entire apple season, and they are among the heaviest receivers in this line. They also handle large quantities of all kinds of fruits, and, like other progressive firms, they want to increase their business, and solicit correspondence with the view of extending their connections. W. FE. BIGALOW, President REFERENCES: Five Stories and Cellar Harrison and Washington Streets. BETTER FRUIT JI& G. LIPPMAN IN BUSINESS OVER 30 YEARS Incorporated—Capital $100,000.00 On one of the most conspicuous corners of the fruit and produce district. Handle all kinds of produce and want to get in touch with Western shippers of peaches, plums, prunes, etc. Box apples we shall make a specialty. Prepared to handle business of large associations, being fortified with ample capital to take care of any deal. Correspondence solicited. J. & G. LIPPMANN 338-340 Washington and 46-48 Harrison Streets, NEW YORK CITY Editor Better Fruit: Acknowledging your letter of the 15th: We are glad to see you are taking an interest in the dealers throughout the country and we are quite sure the July issue of ‘Better Fruit” will be one of interest to all subscribers. Thanking you very kindly for the courtesy extended, we are, yours truly, O. W. Butts, Omaha, Nebraska. © © © Editor Better Fruit: I want to thank you very sincerely for your kindness in forwarding me the extra copies of “Better Fruit’ which I requested in my letter of the 19th, and I assure you that whenever a good word can be spoken for “Better Fruit” there will not be any hesitancy in speaking it. Yours truly, B. B. Cannon, Boston, Massachusetts. © © & Editor Better Fruit: The May number of “Better Fruit” has just come to my desk. I have spent the last half hour looking it over carefully. I cannot refrain from writing you a brief note of congratulation on this number. While “Better Fruit’ has set a high mark for itself, this issue even surpasses the beautiful Capital and Surplus $75,000.00 Established 1883 July numbers that you have gotten out in the past. It is a delight, mechanically, artistically and typo- graphically. I wonder if you realize how influential “Better Fruit’? has been in attracting attention to Oregon and the wonderful possibilities of fruit growing in this state. There is one thing sure, your subscribers are getting big value for their money. Yours very truly, Fred Lockley, Manager Pacific Monthly, Portland, Oregon. ooo Editor Better Fruit: I am not quite sure when my previous subscrip- tion to “Better Fruit’? expires, but I am making sure by enclosing money order for £1 ($4.86). One-half ($2.43) is my own subscription, and the other half is from a new subscriber I have secured for you, Mr. T. H. Waight, Warrenkeip Orchard, Roxburgh, New Zealand. Please send “Better Fruit’? to us both, acknowledge receipt of money, and let us know when our next subscription will be due. ‘Better Fruit’? is undoubtedly the best publication devoted to fruit culture I have ever read; its advent is eagerly looked for, and you are deserving of every support in providing so interest- ing a paper. Yours faithfully, Albert Birch, Rox- burgh, Teviot. H. J. BLIGALOW, Secretary and Treasurer SOME OF OUR SHIPPERS—REFERENCES: The First National Bank, Cleveland All Commercial Agencies The Produce Reporter Company Any reliable house in our line in the United States Commission Merchants CLEVELAND, OHIO The California Growers’ Exchange, Los Angeles, Cal. The California Fruit Distributors. The Earl Fruit Company. The Pioneer Fruit Company. The Producers’ Fruit Company, Sacramento, Cal. The Stewart Fruit Company, San Francisco, Cal. The Atwood Grape Fruit Company, Manavista, Fla. The Georgia Fruit Exchange, Atlanta, Ga. The Florida Citrus Exchange, Tampa, Fla. Crutchfield & Woolfolk, Pittsburg and Chicago. Redlands Golden Orange Association, Redlands, Cal. Fobbers and Wholesalers Apples, Plums, [7upes, Fane Oranges, Lemons We have the largest and best trade in the Cleveland territory; our facilities are unsurpassed We have had years of experience in handling box apples and fancy fruits We solicit your correspondence and shipments WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT OEE BETTER FRUIT Page 05 WE ARE HEAVY OPERATORS IN OX APPLES and the three big EARS EACHES RUNES We handle more box apples than any concern in Ohio and want to hear from every grower and. shipper who will have either large or small lots to offer. OUR SPECIALTY, Let us hear from you at once. BOX APPLES EK. N. PRICE & COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO REFERENCES: ANY BANK OR CREDIT AGENCY The Old Way 25% Bruised Bruised hai The New Way None Bruised This vessel is endorsed by horticultural culleges, fruit associations and growers. You cannot afford to be without them. Each one will pay for itself many times in saving your crop. For further particulars see advertisement on page 15. J. G. WOODWORTH General Trafic Manager Northern Pacific Railway St. Paul, Minnesota Mr. Woodworth is comparatively a young man and been associated with many of the large railroads in prominent positions. For many years he was located at Portland, Oregon, with the Oregon Rail- toad & Navigation Company. His promotion has been rapid and has been well earned through his ability, judgment and conservatism. In his posi- tion as general traffic manager of the Northern Pacific, one of the transcontinental lines, he has taken an active interest in the Northwest and its development, and it may truthfully be said that his love for the Northwest, when he first began to ascend the ladder of prominence in the railroad way, has never ceased, and consequently he is ever ready and willing to listen to any proposition that may be beneficial to the Northwest and the country tributary to the Northern Pacific. Editor Better Fruit: My attention has been called to an article on page 40, April number, concerning fruit in “The Piedmont Region at Cornelia, Georgia.’”” Somehow my April number lost out and I had not seen the printed article until it appeared in a Georgia paper, with remarks about the tons of fruit, without say- ing anything as to the wisdom of that party who could not see the typographical error in calling crates tons. I really owe the typist of “Better Fruit”? an apology for poor writing. But the only point is to correct the error and make crates crates instead of tons at $1 to $2 f.o.b. Cornelia, Georgia. That accomplished, then every item is true and can be readily verified. Of course, as you say, Mr. Editor, my name ought to have been signed to the article, as it certainly was in the original article. In conclusion, only this to say, ‘“‘Come and see this beautiful, healthful section up here on the Pied- mont plateaus of Georgia.’ Yours truly, I. C. Wade, Cornelia, Georgia. SITUATION WANTED By young man of thirty, as foreman cr hor- ticulturist for some company or some col- lege. Had many years of practical training. Can handle help to best advantage. Good references. T. W. SABRANSKY Address care ‘‘Better Fruit’’ WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF BOX Apples, Prunes Pears, Peaches We have best of cold storage facilities Reference: Your bank M.Fugazzi& Company 204 West Sixth Street CINCINNATI, OHIO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT G. W. BUTTERWORTH, PHILADELPHIA Car lot handler of Northwestern fruits Mr. Butterworth, active in the commission business for many years, is well and favorably known throughout the East. He writes us that he has a good outlet for boxed apples, pears and deciduous fruit, and solicits correspondence with associations and other large shippers. > © © Editor Better Fruit: ‘ Your rose number is lovely. H. E. Van Deman, Washington, D. ( J. GRAINGER & CO., LINCOLN, NEBRASKA Is one of the most popular houses in the Middle West, doing an immense business in a_ thriving city, one of the most progressive cities in Nebraska. This firm has done a large business for years and has many friends among the growers as well as among the trade, and is generally conceded to have earned its popularity by progressive business methods. Lincoln, Nebraska, has one of the best and largest markets west of Omaha, surrounded by a large and prosperous territory. Page 66 BETTER FRUIT July WE DISTRIBUTE ANNUALLY OVER 3500 CARS. OMM ITS ASSOCIATE HOUSES. WE WANT To TALK BUSINESS WITH EVERY SHIPPER OF APPLES PEACHES : PEAK Calitornia, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Nevada WRITE US TO-DAY, stating varieties, quantity and probable quality of fruit you expect to ship. Look up our standing; ask “Better Fruit’ or your bank ROBT. T, COCHRAN & CO. =3 = WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII In tracts of 5 to 10 acres each. and on easiest terms. wish. Write for particulars. FRUIT LAND Some cleared, some partly cleared; some all timbered and some planted to commercial orchards, at surprisingly low prices ihieysaresine the heart ofa rapidly developing fruit section adjoining good rail- way town in the valley. Here is a chance to buy good land cheap. We will plant it for you if you OREGON APPLE ORCHARDS CO. 432 Chamber of Commerce Building, Portland, Oregon Eastern office, Bloomington, Illinois BETTER FRUIT Ik help you. JOHN NIX & CO.,ONE OF NEW YORK’S WHOLESALERS E invite the attention of our read- ers to the advertisement of John Nix & Co., New York, which appears in this issue. We take pleasure in intro- ducing this firm to our many subscribers as being one of the most reliable houses for handling consignments of cante- loupes, apples, celery and all vegetables from the Pacific Coast, they having been established for three-quarters of a cen- tury and having gained for themselves APPLES PEACHES Desel-Boettcher Co. The Fancy Fruit House of Texas WHOLESALE COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND JOBBERS OF APPLES AND OTHER FRUITS Ample warehouse facilities Private cold storage plants HOUSTON, TEXAS Branch distributing plant Corpus Christi, Texas PEARS In Car Lots THE HUMPHREYS COMMISSION CO. JOHN M. WALKER, President Wholesale Fruits and Produce 1516 to 1522 Market Street, Denver, Colo. the enviable reputation of being leaders in their lines in the greatest market of this country. The business of this firm has grown to such an extent that they recently found it necessary to increase their capital stock to $150,000, fully paid in. They are recognized as one of the largest fruit and produce commission houses in New York City, having devel- oped a large carload distributing business with a branch office in Chicago during STRAWBERRIES Denver is a Good Market Car Lots Broker and Distributor of Apples, Pears ‘Peaches, Prunes Now distributing for the largest deciduous shippers of Northern: Cal- ifornia, also agent for Chase & Co., packers, Florida. R. H. WYTHE 809 North Fourth Street ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Yellow Newtown and Spitzenberg Trees a Specialty All Buds and Scions Selected from Bearing and Tested Trees TRUE-TO-NAME NURSERY H. S. GALLIGAN HOOD RIVER, OREGON The Old Reliable True-to-Name Nursery Offers to planters for the coming season cur usual choice but limited stock of the leading commer- cial varieties adapted to the Northwest. true-to-name; if not you have suffered an irreparable loss. It is important to know that the trees you buy will prove You can avoid this loss and disappoint- ment by purchasing your trees from the True-to-Name Nursery—the nursery that has made good. We personally select all our propagating wood from bearing and tested trees, and are therefore in a position, as we have been in the past, to guarantee our trees trwe-fo-name. If you are contemplating planting a large orchard it will pay you to come and see our stock. If you cannot personally examine our stock, write us at once, so we can take care of you. Address TRUE-TO-NAME NURSERY NO AGENTS HOOD RIVER, OREGON One year’s subscription to “Better Fruit” with every $25 order. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 67 You like this publication You find it helpful You are in earnest about Better Fruit’’ Tell your fruit growing neighbors about it—_Help us in this way to the Western carload season, a branch office in Hastings, Florida, during the Hastings potato season. and a branch office at Miami, Florida, during the Flor- ida East Coast season. These branches are under the personal supervision of one of the members of the company. During the past season they sold over 600 car- loads of new potatoes from Hastings, Florida, within a period of seven weeks, rendering account sales with checks for proceeds to shippers daily, amounting to over $350,000. This company is now handling the crops of cantaloupes grown by several large associations in Arizona and Colorado. They. are also selling agents in New York for the Southern Texas Truck Growers’ Association of San Antonio, Texas, for whom they have sold over 400 carloads of onions during the past season, and also make a spe- cialty of handling in carlots California asparagus, cauliflower, celery, tomatoes and other vegetables during their respec- tive seasons. We recommend be interested to all who may correspond with John Nix & Co., New York City. * ESTABLISHED 1877 Patten & Williams 144, 146, 148 Michigan Street BUFFALO, N. Y. Can handle a few cars Fancy Apples to advantage Correspondence Solicited Tn CHERRY GITY NURSERIES Claim their trees are the best, prices right, and solicit your patronage for their fine line of their Apple, Pear, Peach, Prune and Plum Trees and small fruits. Also ornamental trees and shrubs. Special attention given to roses. Send for catalogue and price list. J. H. LAUTERMAN, Salem, Oregon Page 68 BETTER FRUIT SGOBEL & DAY, A RELAIBLE OLD NEW YORK FIRM BOUT the first car of Hood River Spitzenbergs that ever went to the far East was sent by Bell & Co. of Port- land to Sgobel & Day of New York. It sold for big money and the shippers have many times told Mr. Day that they made more money out of that car of apples than out of any car of this fruit they had ever handled. Naturally the cost at that time was very low compared with the prices lately paid for the magnificent apples from Hood River. The following year Horace W. Day of the firm came to Hood River, and he has been coming every year—excepting the present spring—ever since. His firm pur- chased for a small syndicate of buyers in New York all the Spitzenbergs for many years, paying from $1.35 to $1.95, and, as a matter of fact. Sgobel & Day intro- duced Hood River apples into the mar- kets of the Atlantic Coast. Sgobel & Day is one of the oldest and most prominent firms in the business in New York City, established over forty years ago. They are heavy receivers of box apples from all over this Coast, and not only apples, but pears, prunes, etc., and while their sales are mostly at auc- tion they dispose of box apples generally at private sale and export to their own representatives in London and Liverpool Newtowns and other box apples which shippers care to send. This house has a world-wide reputation for its sterling integrity, and they have always urged growers and shippers to go in for quality rather than for quantity, pointing out that it costs just as much to market a box of common apples as it does one of high grade. Their business is extensive in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Califor- nia, Utah, Colorado, Florida, Porto Rico, Cuba, France, Spain and Italy. In fact, they have also received consignments of GET CATALOG AND PRICE LIST 420 Acres Devoted to Nursery Purposes THE WOODBURN NURSERIES Established 1863 by J. H. Settlemier Grower of Choice NURSERY STOCK F. W. SETTLEMIER Woodburn, Oregon Selling Agents Wanted Good, grade representatives wanted in all fruit growing sections in the United States to handle the Bolton Orchard Heater for A liberal commission will be allowed. This heater is the pioneer in its line, is the cheapest, and today stands without a peer. Address, with references, The Frost Prevention Co. Bank of Italy Building SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA live, high the coming season. fresh fruits from South Africa, something like 10,000 miles from New York. During the past few years they have extended their business and are now heavy ship- pers of apples to Rio Janeiro and Buenos Aires, markets which they think will take increasing quantities of fine box apples. ORK Editor Better Fruit: Herewith we hand you our check for $8.50 for eighty-five copies of your excellent May number. Enclosed we hand you list of seventeen persons to whom we wish you to mail one copy each. Send the other sixty-eight copies to us. We wish every person considering engaging in the orchard busi- ness in the Pacific Northwest would subscribe for and read your splendid publication. We want to do all we can to enlarge the circle of its useful- ness. Yours sincerely, Reed & Reed, Kansas City, Missouri. July IT IS FREE Our new 1911 catalog and price list of fruit and ornamental trees is free for the asking. Let us figure on your wants. Richland Nursery Company Agents Wanted Richland, Washington J. M. Schmeltzer, Secretary Hood River Abstract Company Hood River, Oregon ABSTRACTS INSURANCE CONVEYANCING on Yoncalla Orchards Company OREGON FRUIT LANDS Plymouth Building, Suite 714 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA This orchard tract adjoins the town of Yoncalla, Oregon, which is situated the main line of the Southern Pacific Railway. No better land in the West. being subdivided and sold in 5 and 10-acre tracts. This tract of orchard land is For further information write THE YONCALLA ORCHARDS COMPANY Plymouth Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota Swengel’s Portable Orchard Ladder Makes orcharding a success. Made of first- SNL WH class material throughout, and designed especially for thinning and gathering fruit. an FOLDED Fruit-gathering directly into the boxes; no pouring and bruising trom pail to box. Picker stands comfortably on the top of the ladder, making a wide range at once. This enables him to do twice the amount of work usually done on an ordinary ladder. No party will do without it when once he has used one of these ladders. The Orchard Ladder and Manufacturing Co. Phone Columbia 255 McDonald Block, ST. JOHNS, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1911 BETTER FRUIT ees ep Established 1842 Capital paid in $90,000.00 Incorporated 1910 SANDS, FURBER & CO. INC. Commussion Merchants Fruits and Produce 16 & 17 Nerth Side { Faneuil Hall Market, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Telephone, 1552 Richmond W.S. GLIDDEN, President H. F. RICE, Vice President C. H. CUMMINGS, Treasurer and General Manager Associations, Independent and Individual Shippers We desire to get in touch with you for the purpose of arranging to handl e your apples. To that end we ask you to please write us at once, giving estimate of what “THE HOUSE TO DO BUSINESS WITH 2? sotiacten ey consist of and the varieties of apples COYNE BROTHERS APPLE SRE@IALISTS Write for Memo Loose Leaf Book. Mention ‘‘Better Fruit’’ 11g W. South Water Street, CHICAGO ee E.P.STACY & SONS E. P. Stacy & Sons, St. Paul, Minn. e e Stacy Fruit Company, Fargo, N. D. Stacy Mercantile Company, Valley City, N. D. Site Fruit Company, Bismarck, N. D. Largest Handlers of Stacy Fruit Company, Carrington, N. D. : FE. P. Stacy Fruit Company, Watertown, S. D. Western Deciduous E. P. Stacy & Sons Company, Mason City, lowa ; Stacy Fruit & Produce Company, Albert Lea, Minn. and Citrus Fruits Stacy Brothers Fruit Company, Lincoln, Neb. Davidson Brothers Company, Fort Dodge, lowa Davidson Brothers Company, Marshalltown, lowa Correspondence Solicited Davidson Brothers Company, Moberly, Mo. Davidson Brothers Company, Des Moines, lowa MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Founded 1839 Capital, $1 50,000.00, paid in Incorporated 1904 MON NIX & COMPANY 281 Washington Street, NEW YORK CITY Pacific Coast Fruits and Vegetables Our Store Centrally Located. One Block from Erie R. R. Depot WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 70 BETTER FRUIT July A. LEVY & J. ZEN TNER Ge NORTHWEST CORNER OF DAVIS AND WASHINGTON STREETS SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA The largest dealers in and distributors of Box Apples on the Pacific Coast Get in touch with us. Let us know what you have to dispose of. Best modern cold storage facilities Inquire about us of any bank, mercantile agency, Produce Reporter Company, or the manager of your association LET Us "HEAR FROM NOU S. SEGARI & COMPANY x8 32ss. Next door to the auction room, will be our headquarters for California deciduous fruits and box apples. Remember, we keep experienced salesmen at the Illinois Central Railroad fruit and produce sheds, also at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad watermelon and produce sheds. We are now ready to handle Apples, Pears, Cantaloupes, Peaches WRITE OR WIRE WHAT YOU HAVE NEW ORLEANS | Fruit Raneh ranch, located in the famous White Salmon Val- GEO. H. APPEL ley, Washington, and only one and one-half miles IMPORTERS Wholesale from railway and steamer landing. JOBBERS Commission tiful home in ideal country and climate. Six-room house, with large living room and fire- place, bathroom, hot and cold water, etce.; about twenty-five acres cleared and in fruit, consisting of strawberries, apples, pears, peaches, etc. Immediate possession can be given and price is right. The Acknowledged FANCY FRUIT HOUSE of New O-leans ASNOH HHL For further particulars address INLAND EMPIRE COMPANY 212-14 Railway Exchange Building Portland, Oregon. J.-L. BEER & CO. SOUTHERN OREGON NURSERIES YONCALLA, OREGON INVA NOdr This place will pay nice income and make beau- All Fruits in Season Storage for 50 Cars Fruit and Produce No Agents Prices Wholesale GENERAL NURSERY STOCK PROPAGATORS Stock clean and true. Budded or grafted from bearing trees 306-310 Poydras and 507-509 South Peters, NEW ORLEANS Box Apples Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes E. P. DREW We are distributors. We reach all points tributary to New Orleans, Consulting Horticulturist including Cuba, Panama and Central America 30 years in business WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT iQ) fet BETTER FRUIT THE NORTHWESTERN APPLE MARKET IN BOSTON E were the first dealers to handle Northwestern apples in Boston. In 1905 we bought about one hundred boxes of different varieties and made an “apple show” in our retail department. It attracted a great deal of attention and other dealers immediately became inter- ested, and we sold over one thousand boxes that season. The next year we bought car lots, and sold fifteen cars. Demand has been increasing every year, and last season we sold seventy-five LARGER PROFITS VERY LITTLE CAPITAL INVESTED No industry pays larger profits than the canning of fruit and vege- tables. waste every year. Yet millions of dollars worth of fruit and vegetables go to If others can make large profits from the canning industry, why not also you? Why turn the cannery profits over to the big corporation? Why let your fruit and vegetables go to waste? CAN YOUR OWN PRODUCTS AND DO IT AT HOME It pays equally well on a small or large scale. BUY A CANNING OUTFIT Put the canning profits in your own pocket. WE SHOW YOU HOW Outfits furnished in various sizes at a total cost of from $15.00 up to meet your requirements. Write today for our catalogues and free information on “Success- ful Home Canning.” FOOTT-TITUS MACHINERY HOUSE 181-187 Union Avenue 8, 15 and 30 Lamps. PORTLAND, OREGON A, My > MA df Combination Dynamo-Storage Battery Type Especially designed for the electric lighting of ranches, country homes, stables and factories. While common coal oil lamps, acetylene systems and gasoline lamps sometimes expl. i i iti s plode, this electric outfit positively cannot explode. The force of current is so harmless you cannot even feel the current. Make Your Own Electricity Wr ae system you generate electric current by the means of asmall O gasollne engine driving a dynamo or generator during the day. The current is run into a storage battery. Charging of the storage battery is done once or twice a week, or whenever the engine is being run for other work. No skilled electrician needed to install attend. Automatic switchboard. eae shite 16-candle-power light. Guaranteed. pensive—first cost as well as upkeep. SEND FOR BOOKLET A REYNOLDS ELECTRIC co Gas Engines, Motors, Generators Pumping Plants 522 FIRST AVE. SO. SEATTLE, U.S.A. NO TROUBLES LOW VOLTAGE Inex- LOW COST NO FIRE—NO SHOCKS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Rage 71 cars that were all put into consumption in Boston and surrounding towns. There were about two hundred cars of West- ern and California apples shipped to Boston this past season, out of which some seventy-five cars were exported, leaving one hundred and _ twenty-five cars that were actually consumed by Boston and its immediate vicinity. We believe that the demand for table apples will increase, and notwithstanding New England is producing a large quan- tity of apples we shall be obliged to look to the Northwest for our supply of fine table apples for a number of years to come, and if the Northwest keeps up its standard of grading and packing its output will always command top prices in all the markets of the world. Sands, Furber & Co. Inc., C. H. Cummings, Treasurer. © © © L W. DENNIS & SONS, LID. Fruit Brokers, Salesmen and Auctioneers Potato Growers and Merchants Importers and Exporters Contractors to His Majesty’s Government and Other Public Bodies Covent Garden Market, London, W. C. June 10, 1911. Mr. E. H. Shepard, Editor Better Fruit Hood River, Oregon o I am in receipt of your letter of the 8th of May and note what you say as to your scheme for the July number of “Better Fruit.” Unfortunately I have not a photograph of Covent Garden Market, and as it would take some time to get one done and would doubtless not arrive in time for the July number, I have thought it best to send you a photo- graph of the members of the firm of W. Dennis & Sons, Ltd., which I shall be glad if you will have reproduced in “Better Fruit.’’ I also enclose a small article which I should like to appear under- neath it. I don’t know whether the tenor of it is in accordance with your wishes, but as it would take more than one hundred words to explain the fruit conditions in England we thought it better to speak up for ourselves. Our Mr. John W. Dennis will be in Medford and Hood River about the end of July or beginning of August and will do himself the pleasure of calling upon you. Yours faithfully, WILLIAM DENNIS, Director. For W. Dennis & Sons, Ltd. > © © Simons, Jacobs & Co. Garcia, Jacobs & Co. Glasgow, Scotland London, England SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. European Receivers of American Fruits 34 Stanley Street Liverpool, England, June 10, 1911. Mr. E. H. Shepard, Editor Better Fruit Hood River, Oregon: We have to acknowledge receipt of your favor of the 23d ult., contents of which have been noted with interest. We were under the impression that we had already made clear to you the circum- stances which, in our opinion removed the disparity which hitherto existed between the United States and British markets as an outlet for Newtowns. We woke up to this fact early in the season, and disposed of many of the apples which were entrusted to us on your side. The prices which we realized for the Rogue River Newtowns have been published by the Union. We do not know how much they deducted for their charges, but we understand that the Newtown pool was the most satisfactory part of their deal. As regards the package, you have come to exactly the same con- clusion that we ourselves have reached, and we have, both directly and through Mr. Wilmeroth, been recommending the very things which you sug- gest. For an export package, too great a swell is disadvantageous. A tight pack, with a half-inch swell, and the same thickness at top as at the sides, would in our opinion make the ideal export pack- age. We take steps to minimize the rough handling by watching both loading and unloading, and mak- ing claims on the steamship companies for any loss that may arise through carelessness. We have had a long spell of dry weather here and as a result unfavorable reports are beginning to come in as to the prospects for the fruit crop. Apples and plums, however, will still be saved and give a heavy yield if the rain comes at an early date. Yours truly, SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. > © : Editor Better Fruit: A friend of mine who has an orchard in the Nicola Valley, British Columbia, tells me that your paper is the best authority on the subject it treats of. Wiaull you have the kindness to send me a copy of it for a year? One dollar enclosed. Yours faith- fully, C. C. Abbott, Stratford, Ontario. Page FE BETTER FRUIT CENTRAL SELLING AGENCY and OTHER GOOD PLANS NDER date of June 20, 1911, Mr. H. O. Stechan of Seattle, Washing- ton, writes very interestingly on the subject of a central selling agency, and advances some new thoughts leading up to it. We take pleasure in publishing his letter in full: You may recall that during the past winter there was a considerable agitation looking to the formation of a central selling agency, through which it was intended that the fruit growers of the Pacific Northwest should co-operate in the marketing of their crops. As I assisted in gaining some newspaper pub- licity for the movement, I became inter- ested in it. As one of the strongest reasons why the growers should get together in this enterprise it was pointed out that the orchardmen of the Northwest are utterly lacking in authentic facts and figures relating to their own industry, such as are necessary to eliminate guess-work methods and to enable them to proceed on the basis of accurate knowledge of conditions in the marketing of their products. Had the central selling agency been approved by enough districts so that it could have become an operating fact, such statistics could have been assembled through it. just as the organized lumber- men, growers and other allied interests keep track of the conditions and currents prevailing in their lines. Before the fruit growers of the Northwest can correct some of the misfortunes of dis- tribution, as now known to them, they must have a medium for gathering the information so necessary to the reforma- tion thereof. In this connection I believe it is of the utmost importance to the horticultural interests of the Northwest that steps be taken toward the immediate establish- ment of a fruit statistics bureau. To this end | have been sounding various per- sons active in fruit growing, and without exception the idea is approved. It is also pointed out that this bureau can be made the nucleus about which the central sell- ing agency will ultimately be formed, when the proper time comes, as it will be the logical means of revealing the need for further co-operation in market- ing, if they really exist. The bureau of statistics could make itself useful in more ways than one. At first it would have a lot of preliminary work to do. Apples being the largest money-making crop among Northwest fruits, I believe its first duty would be to get in touch with all the apple-producing districts, not only of the United States, but of the whole world. Even today the growers of Tasmania are preparing to export large quantities of apples to this country, according to consular report. All such information would have to be assembled by correspondence through various sources, which would entail a large amount of detail work. Later on other fruit conditions could be taken up, such as peaches, pears, prunes, etc., so as to make the bureau of value to all grow- ers in the Pacific Northwest. A press wool department would also be an appropriate adjunct, through which authentic infor- mation about fruit conditions would be furnished to all papers in fruit districts, so that they might print them for the guidance of their readers. Now, as near as I can estimate, it will cost about $5,000 to organize and operate such a bureau the first year. There are some eighty fruit growers’ associations in the Pacific Northwest. Of course, not all of them would support such a bureau from the start, but I believe that on the basis of an annual cost of $150 per asso- ciation, at least thirty-five should be enlisted, considering the possibilities and usefulness of such a department. Were it possible to get in fifty associations, the cost might be reduced to $100 each. These payments could be made quarterly, so as not to become heavy on any one association. If the fruit growers of the Northwest want to get a check on their own affairs it occurs to me that this bureau of statis- tics cannot be started too soon. Because July of the nature of the work it will neces- sarily be some time before it can show results; and the longer it operates the more valuable will become its services. If this matter appeals to you I should be glad to have your approval. This offers the growers a chance to get “down to cases’ on a matter concerning which there has been much talking. It will be a tangible step in the direction of har- mony, which is so necessary to get the best results along any line. W. F. LARAWAY DOCTOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY EYES TESTED LENSES GROUND Over 30 Years’ Experience Telescopes, Field Glasses Magnifiers to examine scale Hood River antl Oregon Glenwood Towa RUSH FRUIT TO RAILROAD FROM ORCHARD —- AND IT REACHES MARKETS QUICK_9 ! HE time lost between the orchard and railroad station is often vastly greater than the time lost be- tween the railroad station and the mar- kets. Too much time is wasted in getting the fruit to the rail- road station. That is a big reason why you are so often “docked for spoilage.’’ There is a better, easier, more economical way. Use an International Commercial Car It saves two-thirds of the time, enabling you to make three times as many trips—it saves actual cash money in feed cost and up- keep, in stable rent, in repai:’s, and in many other ways which we will gladly tell you if you wr-te us. The International Commercial Car is simple to operate and keep in perfect running order. All parts are easily accessible. You ought to get all the facts that prove how much an International Commercial Car means to you in money saved, in added profits, in greater satisfaction, in better health, and more happiness. Write direct for catalogue, or, address nearest branch house. WESTERN BRANCH HOUSES: Denver, Col.; Helena, Mont.; Portland, Ore.; Spokane, Wash.; Salt Lake City, Utah; San Francisco, Cal. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA (Incorporated) Chicago USA WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT e IQII ‘The Gink and the Goat Says the Gink to the Goat, “My, the apple growers are a lot of chumps, and their association officials are as bad. Why not get into the band wagon? We're going to export them to Mars, Jupiter and all other foreign countries this season.” Says the Goat, “Bah, b-a-h, bah.” Says the Gink, “Well make it worth your while, we will.” Says the Goat, “Bah, b-a-h.” Says the Gink, “We'll put you on our cush list for the season; easy money; not even the village soothsayer will know.” Says the Goat, “Bah.” Says the Gink, “By the light of the Harvest Moon we'll slip it to you under the old apple tree, under the self-same tree that bears the Chief Jewel we need for our Crown.” Says the Goat, “Speak not to me of regal sway nor silvery harvest moons; I’m a plain citizen. only a lesser star in the group of Capricorn. Shall I dim the light of our constellation by yielding to your perfidy?” BETTER FRUIT Says the Gink, “Ear has ne’er been more treacherous nor tongue more unkind. My plan is not perfidy, but business. Besides, the ‘square deal’ is a mudsill in our plan of success.” Says the Goat, “So?” Says the Gink, “So.” Says the Goat, “I humbly crave your forgiveness; maybe we can reach an understanding.” Says the Gink, “Five thousand ducats on the sly shall compensate in part for kind words in our behalf when opportunity offers and contracts are to be signed, provided they are given to our co-operative Kingdom Come. You can turn the trick.” Says the Goat, “I’m your huckleberry.”’ And thus closes another incident in the history of the fruit industry in the far West which may or may not be the modus operandi that has enabled about a score of lesser lights to form a phalanx to battle for liberty and the death of the “middle man.” Verily, this is a free country, and yet it isn't. Page ™ (ON GIBSON FRUIT CO. CHICAGO TO DESTROY APHIS, THRIPS, Etc. Without Injury to Foliage SPRAY WITH “Black Leaf 40” SULPHATE OF NICOTINE Car Lots Our Specialty John B. Cancelmo 127 DOCK STREET PHILADELPHIA FANCY BOX APPLES “Black Leaf 40” is highly recommended by Experiment Stations and spray- ing experts throughout the entire United States. Owing to the large dilution, neither foliage nor fruit is stained. Like our “Black Leaf’ Extract, “Black Leaf 40” may be applied when trees are in full bloom and foliage, without damage to either. Also, “Black Leaf 40” is perfectly soluble in water—no clogging of nozzles. WHOLE ROOT TREES Are the only kind to set. Now is the time to make arrangements for your next fall’s requirements. We have a large, full line, and ask that you correspond with us. CARLTON NURSERY CO. CARLTON, OREGON ORCHARDIST SUPPLY HOUSE PRICE: 10¥4-lb. can, $12.50. Makes 1000 gallons, “400 of 1 per cent Nicotine.” 214-lb. can, 3.25. Makes 240 gallons, “%oo of 1 per cent Nicotine.” ¥-lb. can, .85. Makes 47 gallons, “5490 of 1 per cent Nicotine.” These prices prevail at ALL agencies in railroad towns throughout the United States. If you cannot thus obtain “Black Leaf 40,” send us postoffice money order and we will ship you by express, prepaid. The Kentucky Tobacco Product Company INCORPORATED FRANZ HARDWARE CO. LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY Hood River, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 74 BETTER FRUIT July OPEN LETTER NORTHWESTERN SHIPPERS There are three (3) essentials to Successful Marketing First — Facilities and Organization Second— Expert Salesmanship Third —]udgment, based on Knowledge and Experience If you want maximum results communicate with us. Yours truly, CRUTCHFIELD & WOOLFOLK PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA BUTTE POTATO & PRODUCE CO. Jobbers of All Farm and Orchard Products We have a large outlet for fruits and vegetables. We want to hear FREE EXPERT ADVICE By Professor A. Van Holderbeke, five years Washington State Horticulturist, TO FRUIT GROWERS Purchasing high grade nursery stock, guaranteed true to name, from the VAN HOLDERBEKE NURSERY COMPANY Main Offices: Nurseries: from shippers. Columbia Building Spokane Valley and é Spokane, Washington Kennewick, Washington A. J. KNIEVEL, President and Manager Sixteen years’ experience on the Butte market. RELIABLE AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE THE EVANS & TURNER CO. COLUMBUS, OHIO ENE, OMIT WOR CONNIECINMOINS ION Isha, WCRI WIEST ON Apples, Pears and Peaches We are members of National League of Commission Merchants and the Produce Reporter Company References: The Union National Bank, Columbus, Ohio; Union Savings Bank, Manchester, Michigan WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQOII BETTER FRUIT Page 75 Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Clore, Inc. WHOLESALE DEALERS AND CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS Foreign and Domestic Fraits and Vegetables No. 11 W. South Water Street, Chicago All popular codes Cable address “‘Cloefield” Bankers: National Bank of the Republic The Best Chicago Connection Growers and shippers of Western fruits must have proper connections in Chicago if they expect to realize full market value of their fruit. We have the best of connections on all the larger markets and the confidence and patronage of the carlot buyers on the smaller markets. We have the most favorable auction connections and a good auction market in Chicago. We have a large and attractive jobbing house on South Water Street and a thoroughly organized and competent sales force for handling local and country orders. We have the organization and equipment for obtaining the full market value of fruits and vegetables when conditions are the most unfavorable, as well as favorable. Let us hear from you at once as to what you have to sell. Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Clore INTERNATIONAL APPLE SHIP- ee of Directors—John M. Walker, Denver; NATIONAL LEAGUE OF COMMIS- . H. Pennington, Evansville; J. E. Stewart, St. PERS’ ASSOCIATION Fouts 1D, Jal Emery. Ottumwa; W. M. Roylance, SION MERCHANTS 0 5 rovo; S. E. Lux, Topeka, Kansas; C. B. Bills, : = STC MOnIGeTS| and scommittees) of | thie) \seeramentolGalitornia: Oe HL. Royer, Sie vee The names and addresses of the off- International Apple Shippers’ Associa- lowe, re Ane Chas R. A. Gamble, Min- cers and committees of the National : : ze n i » Ay Kerr; g O.-0 - tion for 1910-11, with the postoffice Rieerce Committee “Tenn M. Walker, R. H. League of Commission Merchants of the address of each, are as follows: Ree Sio D, EL Linea, Go 2, ls, CG E& United States for 1910-11 are as follows: ai < ae ‘ rim President, William L. W agneny Chicago; vice i asicore Committee on Transportation Questions President, Carl W. Kimball, New York; first vice president, E. N. Loomis, New York; secretary, —George H. Fleischman, Topeka, Kansas, chair President, William B. Geroe, Toledo, Ohio; second C. P. Rothwell, Martins bung, Mw est Virginia; treas- man: J. E. Stewart, St. Louis; R. H. Jones, Kansas vice president, J. J. Castellini, Cincinnati; secre- urer, W. M. French, New York. se a City; Gus Homan, Chicago; B. McKevitt, Sacra: tary, John H. Shreve, Washington, D. C.; treas- a Bective Agomnittee, 8 . He, ips, sche man, mone. Caloanae I. A. Cargill iowcion, Mexaee urer, B. F. Collins, Minneapolis; business manager, Bee Shanes BR CRUAL Se 1 Chi RE Ross A. Gamble, Minneapolis. R. S. French, New York, SS BErTe eterson, Toronto eeloc 1icago; Membership Committee—Charles Gerber, chair- Advisory Board—W illiam S. Gavan, Baltimore; Bonington, Evansvil e, inane: 2 é man, St. Louis; Carl Piowaty, Chicago; Jac Stich, James S. Crutchfield, Pittsburg; A. Warren Patch, pete V RSCG Pegckel ee. ee ae New Orleans; John H. Hile, Louisville; T. Pear- St, Lou Wilmer Sieg, Milwaukee; P. M. Kiely, Sigs , & son, Portland, Oregon. us: i nia; J. M. Walker, Dimes Colorado; F. ’A. Su: Committee on Sind Grades and Packages— Ex J C. Blair, Cleveland, soar Flora, Tinos Mo - pe OCs padianspolis, N. G. Gibson, Chicago. oesinmeyns C A. MGenibeonnee pester, secre- a jana; Ne (Cou ees oe aoa Bo Nel, Arbitration Committee—Joseph Grainger. chair- tary; t H. F. W aidner, Baltimore; E. J. W. Hearty, Been. Louisville; ome 8/8 eee e aed man, Lincoln, Nebraska; H. G. Streight, Omaha; Boston ; George D. Paine, Ba falo: C. H. Weaver, yew eans, pesos dail, a He Aaa ee on, M. L. Dolan, Grand Island, Nebraska. Chicago; I. J. Cannon, Cincinnati; C. H. Kelley, Massachusetts; C. L. an aM xfor ichigan ; Legislative Committee—Samuel E. Lux, chair- Columbus, Ohio; Rickard Pinkett, Denver; E. F. G. P. Haueisen, St. oe issouri; A. A. Lasch, man, Topeka; C. B. Bills, Sacramento; J. H. Rus- Rush, Detroit; A. G. Kohnhorst, Grand Rapids, Lincoln, eee ales : Albert T. eReDe, Clgssbore, New sell, St. Louis; E. H. Royer, Des Moines: A. A. Michigan; George Vondersaar, Indianapolis; W. L. pecy: ASR OWES; Hee port, New York Jackson, Dallas, Texas: A. B. Middleswarth, Den- Grush, Kansas City; D. B. Speery, Louisville; yler, Kentville, ova Scotia; L. K. Sutton, ver; W. L. Wagner, Chicago. M. E. Carter, Memphis; R. Stafford, Milwaukee; Columbus, Ohio; William Dixson, Hamilton, Committee on Rules and Regulations for Han- D. W. Longfellow, Minneapolis; W. A. Lott, Ontario; E. T. Benoni, Philadelphia, Pennsyl- dling and Shipping Watermelons—H. L. Griffin, Mobile; Wiiam J. Salter, New Orleans; vania; Walter See Baltimore, Maryland; F. A. Ogden, Utah, chairman; R. H. Pennington, Evans- Stults, New York; T. R. Upton, Norfolk, Virginia; Bian, Ww NTN, g Maines George C. Richagdsony ville, Indiana; J. H. Hensley, Denver; Roy Camp- Allen B. Tolson, Peoria, Illinois; J. P. Wilson Leavenworth, Kansas; J. M. McCoach, Huntington, bells (Sani Antonioy (lexas,, DW) Wongfellow, philadelphia: GS.) Padgett) Richmond) | Virginia: Be Ge Ninnestcle, Mineo ROR Gente Minneapolis. Fi H. J. Sellmeyer, St. Louis; W. A. Tilden, St : ’. Winchester, vO? Paul; G. H. Nettleman, Toledo, Ohio; William F. Winnipeg, Manitoba; F. A. Shryock, Winchester, IPS) 382 Virginia; C. W. Kimball, New York, New York; Editor Better Fruit: Adams, Washington, D. C. N. G. Gibson, Chicago, Illinois. I am pleased that you have incorporated rose Legislative Committee—J. S. Crutchfield, Pitts- o> 6 © Showing bs one y of teas mpleasunee of the apple burg, chairman; C. C. Oyler, Cincinnati, secretary; orchardist. My ideal apple orchard is to contain LW. Davis. Balti SN, It, Camtncs, Bosions PSS URNGERULENOBBRES ASSO” Og a ey Racine adie om Wi bite, Maumae, AT Conse, Boson CIATION OF AMERICA together TAA URE ri _OuS cordially, C. L. Hass, Cleveland; L. K. Sutton, Columbus, Ohio; Offi 2 {1c itt £ +h West Wome: Horiling, Orcuon A. §. Donaldson, Denver; William D. Lane cers ame See ee 2 ene alee Detroit; W. P. Carroll, Grand Rapids, Michigan; ern Fruit Jobbers Association for 1911, E. F. Shideler, Indianapolis; W. L. Grush, Kansas together with their postoffice addresses, J: F, LITTOOY eae mae nen asl ep POUISNENG ie Guin’ A ries Memphis; C. A. Schmidt, Milwaukee; S. G. Palmer, are as follows: ; CONSULTING HORTICULTURIST Minneapolis; W. H. Toenes, Mobile; George W. fi President, John M. Walker, Denver, Colorado; Orchard director, orchard schemes examined, Davison New Orleans; T. J. Roberts, New York; tnd vice president, R. H. eS) Evansville, orchard plans submitted, orchard soils and sites W. Phillips, Norfolk, Virginia; Thomas P. Nel- Te Ne ML second vice Les) Siait ae Peer ae St. selected, nurseries visited and stock selected, son, Pers Illinois; C. H. Stewart, Philadelphia; OR er ae ak pices SME Il PO values examined for farm loans, purchasing agent R. M. McIntire, Richmond, Virginia; E. H. Hen- 3 DI NEE 130 eae Sas - for land and orchard investments, acts as power Of gc} Se Thayne i, Winkler, Se, Parstle O Box 1325, Denver, Colorado; treasurer, W. M. 5 leeks £C ACelland schen, St. Louis; J. i nitaker, St. Paul; M: ©: Rovian > Wain rae are 2 attorney in selection o arey Act lands. Baker, Toledo, Ohio; William J. Heider, Washing- ylance, Provo, Utah; sergeant-at-arms, W. H. J. Kavanagh, Chicago, Illinois. MOUNTAIN HOME, IDAHO ton, D. C. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 76 BETTER FRUIT July APPLE STORAGE—410,000 Box Apples Capacity Our Apple Department is constantly in touch with the market and we are therefore in a position to give storage customers best results INSURANCE RATE LOW EBNER ICE AND COLD STORAGE CO. Main Office, VINCENNES, INDIANA Plants at Vincennes, Indiana; Flora, Illinois; Seymour, Indiana; Washington, Indiana WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Oranges Grow in Texas The Gulf Coast Citrus Fruit Grower and Southern Nurseryman tells you where. A high-class monthly fruit journal, full of citrus news of a dependable character, illustrated from photographs of growing orchards. Sub- scription price ONE Dotrar a YEAR. Sample copy mailed for a dime. ALBERT S. LEECRAFT, Publisher P. O. Box 564, Houston, Texas DO YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT TEXAS? CITRUS FRUIT GROWER—a high-grade dependable fruit journal—gives unbiased opinions on fruit and truck growing in the Gulf Coast country. Illustrated from actual photographs. NO LAND TO SELL. Three months’ trial subscription 25 cents. ALBERT S. LEECRAFT, Publisher Box 564, Houston, Texas. ASHLAND DISTRICT of the ROGUE RIVER VALLEY Orchards near the city of Ashland, Oregon, hold the highest records for productiveness per acre, in com- parison with all the other orchard localities of similar size. A booklet descriptive of the many resources of this city and the sur- rounding country will be sent free on applying to the Publicity Depart- ment of the Ashland Commercial Club, Ashland, Oregon. A Reputation to Sustain Vineland Nurseries Company Clarkston, Washington PROPAGATORS OF Reliable Nursery Stock All stock budded from bearing trees, fruit and ornamental Y WAY of introducing Mr. O. E. Spooner, the well known fruit broker of Boston, Massachusetts, to the readers of “Better Fruit,’ we publish an extract from a recent interesting letter. For about ten years previous to entering the brokerage field he traveled extensively for John B. Drake & Co., fruit commis- sion merchants. The past five years he has given his undivided attention to the distribution of car lots of fruit, and commands a prestige of unusual strength among all the buyers of New England. He has also several valuable connections in foreign markets. His ambition is to be the leading car lot selling representa- tive in New England. The past two or three years he has been representing several large organizations on citrus and deciduous fruits, sold through the auc- tion, and in fact giving special induce- ments to shippers of fruits for auction distribution. He was honored this year with the chairmanship of the trade com- mittee of the Boston Fruit and Produce Exchange. He has spent considerable time the past few months improving con- ditions on this market, endeavoring to put into force the motto that “Right is right,” in instances where might has been right. This applies to some irregularities that have existed at the auction rooms. His facilities are equal to handling addi- tional large accounts and without doubt you are working along lines that will aid him in that direction. Boston appre- ciates quality and will pay the price. The appended quotation from a recent issue of the Boston Record is to the point: “Orin E. Spooner, one of the active forces for wholesome, up-to-date methods in the handling of fruits and produce in this city, has received letters of commendation from all sections of the country for his fight against the methods now in vogue at the fruit auction sheds at the railroad terminal in Charlestown. Mr. Spooner is chairman of the trade committee of the Boston Fruit and Pro- duce Exchange. He insists that the small receiver should get as square a deal as the large dealer.” The Port of Boston is rapidly coming to the front; extensive improvements are being made in the harbor, and the time is not far distant when the largest ocean liners will sail regularly from there. ALPHONSE J. CONROY Bonded Fruit and Produce Broker ALL CODES USED REFERENCES, MERCANTILE AGENCIES PRODUCE REPORTER CO. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BUILDING MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN Specialties—CITRUS & DECIDUOUS FRUITS SOUTHERN & PACIFIC COAST VEGETABLES Apple Shippers Attention !! Get in touch with one of the OLDEST APPLE DEALERS in the West; write us what you will have to offer—get our proposition before selling. Established 1868 Cc. C. CLEMONS PRODUCE CO. Second and Grand Avenue Kansas City, Missouri WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII (G.W.Butterworth BETTER FRUIT Page 77 SPECIALIST IN Northeast Corner Second and Dock Streets 9 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Western Box Apples, Pears and Deciduous Fruit EFFICIENT HANDLING OF ASSOCIATION ACCOUNTS Member National League of Commission Merchants of United States International Apple Shippers’ Association Reference, Everybody IF YOU WANT UP-TO-DATE SERVICE GET IN TOUCH WITH US BARNETT BROS. 159 South Water Street CHICAGO A Minute’s Talk with Western Fruit Associations, particularly those dealing in Apples, Cantaloupes and Peaches, are invited to corres- pond with us. Weare able to put before you a plan for marketing your output in a manner satisfactory to you and mutually profitable. COME TO THE LAND FOR HEALTH AND WEALTH PORTLAND bookkeeper, 37 years old, was on the verge of a break- down when the doctor told him he must live out of doors if he expected to get well. He had a wife and two children, a boy of 12 and a girl of 10. He knew nothing of farming, but he determined to learn. He had saved something out of his salary of $150 a month and a year before had received a bequest amounting to $2,500 from the estate of an aunt, so that he had a cash capital of a little more than $4,000. The bookkeeper decided to try poultry raising, and to experiment with growing celery. He wanted to keep his position as long as possible, so his wife undertook the task of finding a suitable farm. They watched the advertisements in the papers and every one that seemed to offer what they were looking for was answered by the wife. She visited a score of places within easy reach of the city before one was found that met their requirements. The place comprised ten acres and was situated on Johnson Creek, a few miles from the city. The soil was good and the land all cleared except about two acres, low brush and stumps. There was an old house on the place which had not been occupied for over a year and was in a bad state of repair. Close-in acreage had just begun to rise in price and the bookkeeper was asked $350 an acre, with the house thrown in. He bought the farm early in the fall, paying $2,000 down and giving a mort- which was in gage at six per cent for the remainder. This left him a working capital of $2,000. The new owner thought the house was too dilapidated to live in, so the family moved fo the place and started house- keeping in tents. Although he was not a farmer, the bookkeeper was handy with carpenter’s tools and he decided to see what he could do toward repairing the place, rather than expend most of his capital building a new one. He hired a neighbor by the day to help, and together they put the old house in good shape to withstand the winter, and the family moved in. The man spent the winter building chicken parks and houses and putting one acre of the choicest land in shape for raising celery. He was greatly aided ONE OF THE MANY BEAUTIFUL FARM HOMES ALONG THE SNAKE RIVER AT WEISER, IDAHO by bulletins from the United States Department of Agriculture and the Ore- gon Agricultural College on both sub- jects, and he subscribed for several farm journals. He hired a team from a neigh- boring farmer and hauled all the manure he could buy within a mile or two of his place and spread it on the celery acre. In the spring his incubators began turning out chicks and his celery plants came up. He went into the celery busi- ness with the idea of growing a fancy article, and the first crop was a failure from that standpoint. He was unable to bleach the celery to the degree demanded for the fancy grade and was obliged to accept a low price for his product. How- ever, he made a profit of $50 on the acre the first year. By this time his hens were beginning to lay and he began to get an income from that source. His capital was slowly dwindling, but he began to see daylight ahead, and that did not discourage him. The second year his poultry yards were placed on a good paying basis. He became acquainted with a celery expert who explained the art of bleaching and helped him to get his second crop ir shape. It was a big success and instead of $50 it netted him almost $400. His original capital was about exhausted, but the cash profit from the farm at the end of the second year amounted to over $600. The third year he built a dam in the creek and created a pond for ducks. At the end of five years, when the mortgage became due, the man had twice as much money as he needed to pay it off. The remainder he put into improve- ments, building a neat bunga- low to take the place of the made-over house. Since then his net cash income from the place has never been less than $2,000. He is sending his children away to school aud has em- ployed a man to he!p him all the year round, while his wife has a hired girl. When he moved to the farm the man weighed 145 pounds and was pale and anemic. He did not know what it meant to be hungry. Now he weighs 180 and can hardly wait for meal time.—Oregonian. Page 7& The apple is the king of fruits. Our apples are kings of apples. We are apple specialists. We sell the very best apples at very attrac- Fine Eating Apples Cooking Apples Special Purpose Apples Carefully packed in boxes or barrels. Remember, apples are staple goods, but we have made them a specialty. We wish to handle the output of fruit associations as well as shippers. It will pay you to get in touch with us. Sutton Brothers Wholesale Fruit Dealers COLUMBUS, OHIO Belmont School (FOR BOYS) BELMONT, CAL. (Twenty-five Miles South of San Francisco) The school is trying to do for the moral and physical, not less than for the intellectual, welfare of each boy what a thoughtful parent most wishes to have done. Contribut- ing to this end are the location of the school, removed from the temptations and distractions of town or city; the fineness of the climate, the excellence of its buildings and other equipment, and the beauty and extent ofits grounds, with the wide range of foothills surrounding them. We are glad to have our patrons and graduates consulted. For catalogue, booklet and further specific imformation address the head master, W. T. REID, A. M. (Harvard) Fall term begins Aug. 14th. Cheaper Than Renting The Live Oak and Sunset Colony Farms in Sutter County, Sacramento Valley, California, are now offered on our EASY PAYMENT PLAN, one-fourth down, the balance spread over ten years. If you want to apply all the profits each year on the purchase price, you can easily have a deed to your own farm, worth then several times what it cost you, all paid for out of the crops within five years or less. But you NEED pay us only ONE-TENTH each year and use the balance as you see fit. If you prefer, and as an absolute guarantee of what our lands will produce, we will sell you one of our farms on one-fourth down, the balance from ONE-HALF THE CROPS each year. NO CROPS, NO PAY. FREE government reports on the soil, irri- gation system, climate and markets of our colonies. Also maps and booklets. The most liberal offer ever made to secure a farm in California. For the whole story address SACRAMENTO VALLEY FARMS CO. Live Oak, Sutter County, California General Sales Office BETTER FRUIT JOHN M. WALKER Of the Humphrey Commission Company Denver, Colorado Presiding officer at recent Western Fruit Jobbers’ Association, Sacramento, California HE Humphreys Commission Com- pany, established in 1887 by Messrs. Humphreys and Wolf, and incorporated in 1900, has a capital stock of $75,000, is a wholesale dealer in foreign and domes- tic fruit and produce, and has its commo- dious premises consisting of three stories and basement located at 1516-1522 Market street, Denver, Colorado, in the basement being room for the ripening of bananas by warm air currents. The company has a large force of employes and retains the services of seven experienced and able traveling salesmen. It has a very exten- sive trade and a very desirable class of patrons, not only in the city of Denver, but throughout the states of Colorado, Wyoming, New Mexico, Arizona, Kansas and Nebraska; in fact, two-thirds of the company’s immense trade is with mer- chants outside of the city. The company deals in domestic fruits and produce and also receives large shipments of choice fruits from California, Old Mexico and Florida. The president of the corpora- tion is Mr. John M. Walker, a man known aad esteemed in the commercial world, and who is now president of the Western Fruit Jobbers’ Association. Let SANDOW Run it! Wonderful Work Engine — Farmers and Shop Owners, Stop Sweating! A few dollars gets this grand little work engine, complete and ready to run Cream Separators, Corn Shred- ders, Grist Mills, Feed Mil!s, Dyna- Su mos, Printing Presses, ete., ete. RWiffes Gives a lifetsme of steady serv- Ss é ice! All Sizes: 2to20h.p No cranking! No cams! No gears! Only 3 moving parts Finest construction. Thousands in use. Guaranteed 5 years. : Write for Special Introductory Proposition. o DETROIT MOTOR CAR Sow SUPPLY CO., 238Canton Ave., Detroit. Mich. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT July Are You A Quality Man? When you go into a store to get a suit of clothes do you say to the salesman, “I want a good suit of clothes,” or “I want a suit of clothes that will cost me about eight dollars” ? Is the price your one and only thought, or do you give some consideration to quality? The thought which is uppermost when you go after a suit of clothes is the same one that will be uppermost when you go after nursery stock. We can supply you with nursery stock of unquestioned superiority, at a price which will please you. If you are the “Quality” man, you want our catalog, and we want your business. Let us show you what we have. WE NEED MORE SALESMEN If you can sell trees, we want you with us, and you want us with you. Toppenish Nursery Company Toppenish, Washington Unsurpassed nursery stock grown in the famous Yakima Valley Almost the whole world knows of Hood River as a place that produces the best fruits, and all of Hood River Valley should know, and could know, that there is one place in Hood River, under the firm name of R. B. Brage & Co., where the people can depend on get- ting most reliable dry goods, clothing, shoes and groceries at the most reason- able prices that are possible. Try it. oo © Editor Better Fruit: T'ind enclosed my personal check for one dollar in payment of one year’s subscription to “Better Fruit.” I wish to compliment you on the high quality of your magazine. It is certainly a credit to its editor and to the great State of Oregon. Every fruit grower should have it. I always look forward with pleasure to receiving it. Sincerely yours, O. R. Sterling, Idaho Falls, Idaho. Joseph Flaherty 65 Twenty-First Street PITTSBURG Box Apples and Pears OUR SPECIALTY DISTRIBUTORS and handlers of Apples, Peaches Plums, Grapes, Pears, Etc., Etc. Write to C. H. WEAVER & CO. 65-67 West South Water Street Chicago, Ill. We offer honorable capable, responsible, experienced service. Established in 1863 IQII BETTER FRUIT PERFECTION OF THE ROSE REACHED IN OREGON COUNTRY-WIDE discussion is is going on as to what constitutes a perfect rose. A recent editorial in the Sunday Oregonion is so apt that we take pleasure in printing it in full: A timely article in conjunction with Portland’s Annual Rose Festival, now but a week off, appears in the current’ number of Everybody’s Magazine, under the head, “The Quest of the Perfect Rose.” Daintily illustrated and written by an enthusiast in rose culture, this arti- cle is a seasonable embellishment of the pages which it covers as well as a timely presentment of the queen of flowers, so soon to hold sway over Portland streets. “The perfect rose!” exclaims one of our local devotees at the shrine of the queen of this coming carnival. “We already have it. Look at Caroline Testout!” “Nay,” exclaims another, “look at Vis- countess Folkstone,” and yet another and another claims perfection for La France, and Richmond; for Lady Battersea and Duchess De Brabant; for Marie Von Houtt and Catherine Mermet; for Maman Cochet and Madame Alfred Carriere. And so on and on through a list of floral queens arrayed in shell or silver pink; in gorgeous crimson, in tints of sunset and gold, or in purest white, each and all of whom will hold court in the hearts of citizens of Portland during the week beginning June 5. To be sure. we need a few days of sunshine, warm and bright, to bring our roses to perfection; but we need no new types of roses, no new variety or “sport”’ of any type in order to be able to show perfect roses by the thousands and tens of thousands in early June days. C.C. EMERSON & CO. Wholesale } : FRUIT and PRODUCE Car Lot Distributors Apples Pears Peaches Potatoes Onions ST. PAUL, MINN. fh OORDERS S THE PIONEER BOX APPLE HOUSE OF BALTIMORE ISUE, CAINE MEIC Ole Isls) SOW Ps! We are told that the “blue rose” is the dream of rose breeders aid hybridists. Here the question, “Why should anybody want a ‘blue rose’?” is pertinent. “Of course,” comes the answer, “there is nothing beautiful about a blue rose. The effort to produce it is simply one of those strivings for the always desired—for the impossible.” With this explanation we can afford to drop the “quest of the perfect rose,” feel- ing sure that it is pursued, not because we have not already perfect roses in abundance, perfect in form, fragrance, tints, habits of growth, vivid coloring and profusion of bloom, but becauce of the unappeasable desire to produce some- thing new or quaint, or striking, that will serve to show man’s power in the domain of Nature. © © © HE second precooling station of any importance in the United States will be established in Salem, Oregon, during the next two months by the federal gov- ernment. A. W. Dennis and his wife have arrived there to take up the work. He is connected with the Department of Agri- culture. The object of the station is to give instruction in the science of precool- ing fruit by doing away with the old system of refrigeration. Fruit precooled withstands the hardships of a long jour- ney to Eastern markets much better than when handled under the old process. Wide experimentation has been carried on successfully along these lines on the Pacific Coast, and experts believe it will be equally successful, if not more so, under the Department of Agriculture’s officers. Ginocchio-Jones Fruit Co. KANSAS CITY, MO. APPLES are our main Specialty Established in Kansas City 25 years We represent the leading Pacific Coast shippers, including Mutual Orange Distributors, Stewart Fruit Co., San Joaquin Grape Growers’ Association and others WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ON CO). Page 79 O. W. Butts Wholesale Fruits and Commission Strawberries and Apples Our Specialty A strong house—Pioneer dealer of thirty years’ experience OMAHA, NEBRASKA THE Lawrence-Hensley Fruit Co. JOBBERS OF Fruits and Vegetables, and Apple Packers Largest Strawberry Dealers in the West DENVER, COLORADO Editor Better Fruit: Since I began receiving personal letters from you I have had a strong desire to meet you personally, and it would appear that you are one of the men who has met difficulties, obstacles and adverse conditions and overcome them. Some of us are destined to have many heavy storms during our lives. Any fool man can do the ordinary things, but it takes the man of red blood, brains, energy and an accurate insight of human nature to pro- duce as magnificent a magazine as “Better Fruit.” In a limited way I know what difficulties you have had to encounter to bring the magazine up to the present state of perfection, and “I take off my hat to you,”’ and the first opportunity I get I am com- ing to Hood River and do myself the honor of having a chat with you. Very truly yours, M. C. Miller, Ashland, Oregon. Gilinsky Fruit Company Wholesale Jobbers of FRUITS and VEGETABLES OMAHA, NEB. Telephone 763 1017 Howard Street Page SO BETTER FRUIT July We Want to Correspond with some of the up-to-date shippers and packers of fancy apples in your section. We havea market for fancy apples that is second to none in this country, and believe it will be to your advantage to get acquainted with us and this market. We want to do business only with those who put up a well packed box, and who will respect grades. H. B. FISKE Geeo: PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND 51-59 Dyer Street HOW TO SELECT FRUIT LAND IN THE NORTHWEST PROFESSOR W.S. THORNBER, WASHINGTON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE HE large amount of money that is annually being invested in fruit lands in the Pacific Northwest and the multi- tude of people who are depending upon fruit crops to make their place in life easier and more pleasant, or wholly to support them, makes this phase of fruit growing one of the most important to consider before buying or permanently locating. The vital and most unfortunate phase about this problem is that a multitude of buyers are blindly buying land, planting orchards and attempting to grow fruit regardless of the adaptability of such lands or the varieties of fruit suited to their conditions. The redeemable feature the apple will is that successfully grow on a only great variety of lands and under more uncertain conditions here in the West than in most American districts, never- theless failure and loss can only result from acres of heedless, unguided plant- ing. This is already apparent in some of the fruit districts of the state. The average buyer, if reasonably famil- jar with the elementary principles of agriculture and horticulture, need not make a serious mistake in selecting his orchard site if he will constantly keep in mind the common fruit growing deter- minants of the Pacific Northwest. Should he lose sight of these he may blindly succeed or miserably fail. The orchardist, like every other group of men, have sharks as well as honor- able men in their ranks, and so in mak- ing a purchase it is quite necessary that you know your man as well as your land. In starting out to select a piece of land one should be provided with a good sharp spade, a few strong paper sacks and a note book. It is better to examine the soil while it is dry than wet, as wet soil always looks richer and better to the average man than it really is. Factors to considered: 1. Poorly air- drained lands. 2. Poorly water-drained lands. 3. Railroad or boat transporta- tion facilities. 4. Local transportation conditions. 5. The probabilities of suffi- cient fruit to make unions feasible. 6. The depth and fertility of the soil. 7. The presence of hardpan, shale or solid rock. 8. The presence of “marl” sub-soil. 9. The chances of alkali. 10. The so-called sour or acid soil. 11. Windy exposures. 12. A pleasant place in which to live. While it is a fact that refrigerator cars and fast fruit trains have shortened dis- tances and saved time, yet one should carefully consider the opportunities open for the moving of cfops from any par- ticular valley before he finally locates for the growing of fruits. One transporta- tion company is a good thing, but two or more are far better, for at least two reasons, i. e., the rapidity with which the crops can be moved and the wider range of markets reached by two or more “Northwest” trees are best “Northwest” trees are best We have for the coming season a complete line of NURSERY STOCK Including everything handled in the nursery line Write for our new prices and catalog NORTHWEST NURSERY CO. _North Yakima, Washington AGENTS WANTED Dore-Redpath Company Wholesale Fruits, Vegetables and Produce Peaches, Pears and Box Apples Our Specialty Get acquainted with us St. Paul, Minnesota WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS BOX APPLES Box Pears Box Peaches Largest handlers of box fruit in this territory. Best modern storage facili- ties. Reliable market reports. Top Prices Prompt Returns E. H. SHAFER & CO. 508 Columbia Building Louisville, Kentucky Members of the International Apple Shippers Association We use Revised Economy Code The F. J. Pomeroy Co. 84 DETROIT ST. Milwaukee, Wis. Branch at Medina, N. Y. RECEIVERS AND DISTRIBUTORS Apples, Fruits, Potatoes _ Melons and Cabbage Provisions and Grain CAR LOTS A SPECIALTY We handle 200 carloads of Apples and better per Season Co. of Chicago. 193 South Water Street tion of properly marketing the rapidly increasing fruit crop. appeared feasible, but practical demonstration has proven that the real solution of this problem is to place the fruit in the hands of thoroughly equipped marketing experts who make a specialty of this feature of the fruit industry. We have conducted a car lot distributing business for the past number of years, and by honest dealing, coupled with good judgment, have made a success. This season we are even better equipped, having added to our staff several fruit salesmen whose ability cannot be questioned, and we are now in position to offer to growers and shippers a fruit marketing agency second to none. One of the largest new accounts which we have obtained this year is that of the Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, of Grand Junction, Colorado. This association is the most successful growers’ organization in the country today, and they have been doing their own marketing for the past fifteen years, but they realized that better results were possible by turning this part of the business to a reliable marketing agency, thus giving their manage- ment opportunity to confine their efforts to the matter of grading, packing, loading and shipping the fruit. It was natural that they should select the very best agency doing business today, and a contract was signed with Denney & territory west of the Mississippi River and the South. BETTER FRUIT roads at little or no extra expense. A promise of a road is a good thing, but the road should be sure before planting large quantities of soft or small fruits, as it is impossible to haul large quan- tities of these crops any distance by wagon and then ship them by rail or boat. The wagon roads of a district must also be good if the best results are to be secured. Five miles over the average wagon road is the limit for thin-skinned apples, pears and peaches, and half this distance over a stony mountain road is much too far for the best results with distant markets. The problem of winter injury and cold enters into the consideration of fruit lands in the Pacific Northwest only in respect to newly transplanted trees in some of the districts or lands far into British Columbia, where the extremes of temperature are much more marked than is ordinarily the case west of the Rocky Mountains. When the bearing fruit trees are properly ripened up in the fall, and the tillage and irrigation has been reasonably applicable to the conditions, this factor need not be considered. The most serious temperature problem that we have is the late spring frosts, which occasionally kill the crop just as the trees are in blossom. Some districts are more subject to this than others. If the temperature records are available anyone may judge for himself, but if they are not the would-be buyer must resort to other means in securing this information. The Fruit Marketing Question Solved Numerous articles have been published recently covering the matter of a suitable solution of the important ques- Many ideas have been advanced which theoretically WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page §1 The more common way is to visit the homesteaders or old settlers of the dis- trict and try to get atthe facts of the case. This is usually difficult, as I have yet to find the district where the home- steaders welcome the coming of the fruit grower, because it means the shut- ting up of stock and cutting up of the big farms, and so the information gained in this manner is unsatisfactory and fre- quently misleading. If there happens to be an old farm orchard of many varieties (and these orchards are variety tests in themselves) go to that, better in the fall if possible, but at any rate examine the fruit scars. It is comparatively easy to tell whether the trees have been bearing crops annu- ally, every other year or never. Apple trees are good for this test, but pears are better. If they show a uniform lot of large scars the chances are they have produced good annual crops; if one age of scars are large, another small and still another large, the crops are sometimes good and sometimes not good, but if they are all small the probabilities are that frost catches them annually. © © © Editor Better Fruit: The results from our advertisements in “Better Fruit’? last season were so satisfactory that we wish to advertise with you again this season. We have made some small, but we think valuable, improve- ments which it will take a new cut to show up properly. Owing to delays in receipt of materials we have not been able thus far to get a machine ready for the photographer. although we have several hundred in different stages of construction. “The Edgemont Lid Press will be better than ever the coming season.’ H. Platt & Sons, Como, Montana. * We will have a thoroughly equipped office located 1n Omaha, Nebraska, in charge of Mr. H. G. Fletcher, ex-assistant manager and general Eastern agent of the Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, covering the Our general office, located in Chicago, in charge of Mr. John Denney, whose ability as a fruit distributer is well known, together with competent representatives located in all of the principal markets, giving us the opportunity of taking advantage of the very best markets at all times, we are in position to offer shippers and growers the very best service that marketing science can produce. We invite investi- gation as to our ability and integrity and solicit correspondence as to our manner of doing business and terms. DENNY & CO. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Eee BETTER FRUIT ie (INCORPORATED) SCALZO-FIORITA FRUIT CO. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Headquarters for RUNES Largest Fruit and Produce House in America Box Apples EARS 70,000 Square Feet of Floor Space Oranges, Lemons EACHES Members Western Fruit Jobbers Association FORTY YEARS IN BUSINESS Correspondence invited with associations and individual growers desiring first-class connection in St. Louis. Auction facilities unequaled. Will buy outright or handle consignments, private sale or through St. Louis Fruit Auction. References: Franklin Bank, Dun and Bradstreet, any wholesale fruit house in the country. PROMPT SAFE RELIABLE W LINCOLN, NEBRASKA J. GRAINGER & CO. ESTABLISHED 1887 WHOLESALE FRUIT MERCHANTS Extensive Dealers in Extra Fancy Washington and Oregon REFERENCES “Better Fruit” Se Coe ne ae Nae Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Prunes Corn Exchange National Bank, Chicago, Illinois Chatham & Phoenix National Bank, New York, N.Y. Managers of Associations will do well to correspond with us a H. Bahrenburg, Bro. KX Co. 103-105 Murray Street New York City, N. Y. WE ARE PREPARED DO! HANDLE YOUR SHERMIE NS 7 OR eNe ers in Foreign or Domestic Markets Our representatives in foreign markets are merchants with whom we have been associated in the apple business for a great many years, and whose ability we have learned to know. We are also prepared to offer you GHSUD, WITS) SiMORWAGIS, EVNCIWLINNNAS WO) ise, levalD) in New York State as well as in New York City . For any further particulars, write the above address. DISTRIBUTORS For Shippers and Associations \Hind¢fuchs inte Green and Dried Fruits BROKERAGE hones Unlimited Storage Facilities COMMISSI Correspondence Solicited Indianapolis, Indiana WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1911 BETTER FRUIT Pree & ESTABLISHED 1866 A. B. DETWILER & SON CO. ‘Commission Merchants and Wholesale Fruiterers—Foreign and Domestic 246 South Front Street and 117 Dock Street, PHILADELPHIA APPLES—CALIFORNIA, YORK STATE FLORIDA, WEST INDIA, MEDITERANEAN FRUITS Rae & Hatfield 317 Washington Street, New York Largest Handlers of Pacific Coast Fruits in the East REPRESENTING THE FOREMOST WESTERN SHIPPING COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS ON THE NEW YORK MARKET Operating in All Producing Sections RELIABLE EXPERIENCED PROMPT L. S. Donaldson Company}; A PP LES! We want the best the market provide MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Car Lot Dealers in High Grade Fruits of All Varieties ee ie CO ‘ Members St. Paul Board of Trade WRITE QULIWIB ISS 1D RUEIPINIBIS, WABUNANGIBIS ZYSDD) TBIONASIS Let us keep you posted on the St. Paul market FOOD AND FRUIT MARKET : 4 It will pay you We Want all Shippers of Green and Fresh Fruits to Write Us Auction Facilites Unequalled by any House in America THE B. PRESLEY CO. ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA WHOLESALE FRUITS We handle thousands of cars of fruit yearly, Apples, Pears, Peaches, Prunes, Etc. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT July tive, but rattling good sport. There's a fascination in-pitting your skill against a five-foot giant stump, and putting it out of the way without much exertion. It is a very simple process; anyone can learn it thoroughly in a few hours, and by using this method the man with a strip of prime raw land can clear it at his con- venience and without expense. Our pur- pose in promoting the charpit method is to do away with the terror so many people have of buying raw lands when they know the fearful labor involved in clearing them by the old methods. I believe that the fact of the charpittine discovery should be heralded far and near for the benefit of the entire state and the Northwest in general. Then scores of people of limited means who look at raw lands and pass on because they can’t afford to buy cleared lands or clear raw lands with dynamite and don- key engines, will avail themselves of the new opening.” © > © Boston, in addition to its increasing consumption of Western box apples, is looming up as a superior point for the export of fruit. Handlers who have transferred their point of storage and ultimate export to Boston are loud in their praise of the facilities offered there and freely express themselves to the effect that they will not return with their business to New York or any other seaboard point. After a personal inspection of the situation at Boston, we are convinced that our readers should be informed in regard to the export facilities there and are producing herewith two pictures of the Boston Ter- minal Refrigerating Company’s superb building, situated at Grand Junction Wharves, East Boston, Massachusetts. One view shows the exterior of the building and the other the inside of the train shed, where the goods are unloaded absolutely under cover. Goods when exported are leaded into cars switched directly into the docks adjoining, where again they are unloaded under cover into the steamers, providing the most perfect export facilities for the handling of perishables known in this country, and facilities which will be readily appreciated by all the large handlers of apples. Sn ecucouroul Ta ae oe SUCCESSFUL LAND CLEARING BY CHARPIT PROCESS HE announcement in positive form that an end has been put to the time- honored blast-and-sweat way of clearing fertile Oregon stump land has proved a great drawing card. Many prospective buyers have in past years been shy of these stump lands because of the vast amount of labor and expense involved in preparing the land for prpoduction. Now with a method at hand which solves that century-old problem, interest in prime raw lands gives promise of reviv- ing on a broad scale and bringing about a brief era of cheap producing lands. One of Oregon’s pioneer farmers has this to say of the “new-old” process: “We find that charpitting is cheap, economical and effective in every way. We have not had a single failure in char- pitting. We get rid of the biggest stumps in the district for fifty cents, or never more than sixty cents each. What such a method means to the poor man who wants to get hold of a good producing area and who can hardly afford to pay the price asked for land cleared by don- key engines and dynamite, is obvious. I find charpitting not only cheap and effec- HE Lawrence-Hensley Fruit Com- pany commenced business January 1, 1907, succeeding to the business and good will of the Liebhardt Fruit Company, which had been in continuous and suc- cessful operation since 1881. During this period the Lawrence-Hensley Fruit Com- pany has established a reputation second to none for progressiveness and fair deal- ing, and is a leader in this line in the Rocky Mountain region. It is the only house in Denver that has handled the celebrated Hood River strawberries each year, and it is well and favorably known throughout the Northwest and especially in Hood River. © © © Editor Better Fruit: Enclosed find check for one year’s subscription to “Better Fruit.’”’ Your sample copy appealed to me very much. As [I intend to take up residence in Hood River shortly and “fruit ranch” I feel that I cannot afford to refuse the service of an advance friend like your magazine. Yours very truly, L. G. Nicolai, Washington, 1). C. O€ © Editor Better Fruit: Am sending herewith check for one dollar to renew my subscription to the best fruit journal published at the present time—the one that leads and is in a class of its own. I consider it by far the best fruit paper of my acquaintance. Yours for better fruit, H. L. Beaty, Heyburn, Idaho. IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 85 John B. Cancelmo PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA LARGEST DEALER IN BOX APPLES ON THIS MARKET Philadelphia Supplies Nei ENPAS RA DEUS Or ONE SE UN DRE De MTEES Over Ten Million People Make Your Arrangements Now Cold Storage Facilities Unexcelled We represent some of the largest fruit shipping concerns in the world Do Not Overlook the Philadelphia Market Page 50 BETTER FRUIT THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY’S APPLE PRIZE RESIDENT HOWARD ELLIOTT of the Northern Pacific Railway has offered twenty-five twenty-dollar gold pieces to the apple grower who will exhibit the best twenty-five boxes of apples of any variety or varieties at the American Land and Irrigation Exposi-- tion, to be held in Madison Square Gar- den, New York, November 3 to 12, 1911. The contest is limited to bona fide grow- ers Or proprietors of orchards, anywhere in the world. In addition to this President Elliott has also allotted 160 acres of land in Montana, near the station of Terry on the Northern Pacific, as a gift to be awarded to some one of the visitors at the exposition on a day to be designated by the management of the show. The visitors on that day will each be given a numbered coupon, and at the close of the day’s events a drawing will be made, the one holding the lucky number to get the land. Other land will also be donated by several large land companies. Besides the Northern Pacific prize for apples there are a number of other prizes offered for the best exhibits of grain and other products. The Northern Pacific has issued a circular describing iully all of the prizes and the necessary procedure for contestants to follow. A copy of this curcular will be sent to any one interested upon application to the general passenger office of the road in St. Paul. go © Editor Better Fruit: You are certainly to be congratulated on the fine showing that you are making with “Better Fruit” and we wish you all the success a man can have. In holding up your paper to ninety-six pages you are doing a piece of work that is hard to equal, and there is now no doubt but that you have the lead- ing fruit paper in the world. Sincerely, Clinton L. Oliver, Denver, Colorado. CHAS. W. WILMEROTH DEALER IN AND DISTRIBUTOR OF APPLES AND PEARS 102 THIRD STREET PORTLAND, OREGON If you have fruit to sell correspond with me PACIFIC COAST REPRESENTATIVE Simons, Jacobs & Co., Glasgow J. H. Lutten & Son, Hamburg Garcia, Jacobs & Co., London Olivit Brothers, New York Simons, Shuttleworth & Co., Liverpool and Manchester Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co., New York Stewart Fruit Co., San Francisco and Los Angeles MODERN COLD STORAGE with every facility for handling and storing Apples, Fruit, Produce at any temperature desired. Finest market and distributing point in the Northwest Write for terms De Soto Creamery and Produce Co. Cold Storage Department MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA LEO UJFFY New Orleans, Louisiana Successor to APPEL & UJFFY The largest wholesale exclusive Fruit and Fancy Vegetable Firm in the South IMPORTERS, RECEIVERS, JOBBERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS Correspondence solicited WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT July Announcement to British Columbia Fruit Packers Realizing the difficulty that our British Columbia customers have had in securing the genuine PEARSON CEMENT COATED NAILS for use in their fruit boxes, we are pleased to announce that we have appointed the well known firm Vernon Hardware Co., Ltd. Vernon, B. C. as our Sales Agents. They will carry a full stock of our well known Box Nails and they will always be in a position to furnish them at the lowest market rates. The PEARSON Coated Nail is recognized as the world’s standard for fruit boxes. They drive easier, pull harder, and will not split the shook. Keg for keg, they cost less than the common kind. Thanking you in anticipation of your giv- ing the Vernon Hardware Company your orders, we are, Respectfully yours, J. C. PEARSON CO. 315 Monadnock Building SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA P. S.—On receipt of four cents in United States postage stamps to cover the cost of mailing we will send you free of charge a Pearson Nail Puzzle which will afford you considerable amusement. We make a specialty of Western Fruits APPLES, PEACHES PLUMS AND PEARS We have our representative in field The Callender-Vanderhoof Co. 113 North Sixth Street MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA WE ARE WESTERN AGENTS FOR A.I. ROOT CO.’S BEE SUPPLIES —the recognized standard of excellence Alsn a complete line of “Diamond Quality” Eastern and Western Pine and Cedar Hives. We can therefore equip you with everything for the profitable and successfu! handling of bees. Send at once forourcomplete. illustrated Bee Sup- ply Catalog. No. 203 Italian Bees hived up ready for work Strong colonies in dove-tailed hives for immediate delivery ORDER NOW PORTLAND SEED COMPANY PORTLAND, OREGON IQLL BETTER FRUIT Page s7 NEWPORT YAQUINA BAY OREGON’S POPULAR BEACH RESORT An Ideal Retreat for outdoor pastimes of all kinds. Hunting, Fishing, Boating, Surf Bathing, Riding, Autoing, Canoeing, Dancing and Roller Skating. Where pretty water agates, moss agates, moonstones, carnelians can be found onthe beach. Pure mountain water and the best of food at low prices. Fresh fish, clams, crabs and oysters, with abundance of veget- ables of all kinds daily. Camping Grounds Convenient and Attractive WITH STRICTLY SANITARY REGULATIONS CoTne ~Tip> OKSIEN LOW ROUND-TRIP SEASON TICKETS from all points in Oregon, Washington and Idaho on sale daily. Three-Day Saturday-Monday ‘Tickets from Southern Pacific points Portland to Cottage Grove; also from all C. & E. stations Albany and west. Good going Saturday or Sunday and for return Sunday or Monday Call on any S. P. or C.& E. Agent for full particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc. also for copy of our illustrated booklet, “Outings in Oregon,” or write to WM. McMURRAY General Passenger Agent Portland, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 88 BETTER FRUIT FUTURE HOG RAISING IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST BY R. B. MILLER, TRAFFIC MANAGER, O-W.R. & N.CO. HE prime factor of agricultural pros- perity is the hog. The State of Oregon and in fact the entire territory served by the lines of the Oregon-Wash- ington Railroad & Navigation Company and the Southern Pacific Company in the Pacific Northwest offer exceptional advantages for hog raising, not only because of climatic and soil conditions, but because of the close proximity to the large consuming markets on the Pacific Coast. The demand for the product of live stock and the dairy is a large and growing one, and even now it is neces- sary to draw on the Eastern states to supply actual necessity. Packing house products are moving in large quantities from the East to the entire Pacific Coast region. We do not raise sufficient hogs in this territory to meet local require- ments, and the Portland and Puget Sound packers alone are expending two million dollars annually for live hogs which they are obliged to secure in Nebraska and the Middle West. The Pacific Northwest country is capable of supporting suffi- July cient live stock to fully satisfy home consumption, and enable our farmers to engage in the production and shipment of stock on an extensive scale. Hog raising is a profitable business. The richest and most prosperous commu- nities are those that are engaged in that industry. The returns are regular and frequent. A start may be obtained with small capital, and with a well bred type of hog and intelligent handling the industry will grow into large proportions. The profits begin to come in soon after the first outlay, and they are continuous the year round, and not dependent upon any particular season. Nor are hogs PACIFIC MONTHLY has just closed the most successful and prosperous year in its history. We want to make 1911 even more successful than the year just passed. We want yourname upon our subscription list. Here are a few facts which will help you to decide the question of subscribing, @ The Pacific Monthly is recognized as the most successful independent magazine in the West. It _ publishes each month artistic and unusual duotone illustrations of beautiful Western scenery, studies of Indian heads, or of animal life, ranging from Alaska, on the North, to Mexico on the South, and as far afield as Japan and the South Seas. From its striking cover design to the last page you will find a feast of beautiful pictures. @ Each month it publishes from five or six short stories by such authors as Jack London, Stewart Edward White, Harvey Wickham, D. E. Dermody, Seumas MacManus, Fred. R. Bechdolt, and other well known writers of short stories. Its stories are clean, wholesome and readable. @ Each month one or more strong articles are published by such writers as William Winter, the dean of dramatic critics, John Kenneth Turner, the author of "Barbarous Mexico", Rabbi Wise, the noted Jewish Rabbi, and John E. Lathrop, who contributes a non-partisan review of national affairs. Charles Erskine Scott Wood contributes each month under the title of "Impressions" a brilliant record of personal opinion. @ The Pacific .Monthly has become noted for having published some of the best verse appearing in any of the magazines. Charles Badger Clark, Jr., contributes his inimitable cowboy poems ex- clusively to The Pacific Monthly. Berton Braley, George Sterling, Elizabeth Lambert Wood, Wm. Maxwell, and other well known poets are represented by their best work in our pages. @ A feature that has won many friends for The Pacific Monthly has been our descriptive and indus- trial articles. During the coming year one or more such articles will be published each month. Articles now scheduled for early publication are: "Money in Live Stock on the Pacific Coast", "Suc- cess with Apples","Nut Culture in the Northwest","Success with Small Fruits","Fodder Crops in the Western States". q In addition to these articles the Progress and Development Section will give each month author- ative information as to the resources and opportunities to be found in the West. To those who are planning to come West, the descriptive illustrated articles on various sections of the West will be invaluable. @ If you want a clean, fearless, independent magazine—one that will give you wholesome, readable stories, authoritative, descriptive articles of the progress being made in the West, a magazine that believes thoroughly in the West and the future destiny of the West—you will make no mistake in subscribing for the Pacific Monthly. Its subscription price is $1.50 a year. To enable you to try it for shorter period, however, we will give a trial subscription of six’months for $.50. q Fill out the coupon below and send it with $.50 in stamps to The Pacific Monthly Company, Portland, Oregon. : THE PACIFIC MONTHLY COMPANY Portland, Oregon Gentlemen:—Enclosed find fifty cents in acceptance of your special offer of a trial subscription for six months. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT affected by frost or other adverse conditions of climate that may result disastrously with other crops, such as grain and fruit. That section in which diversified farming is practiced is immune from drouth, crop failures, or the financial depression which follows short or damaged crops or is the result of adverse market conditions. The ideal in agriculture is attained when the raising of stock for market is recog- nized as a necessary adjunct to every farm. A permanent fertility of the soil is a mat- ter of the greatest concern, and it can be accomplished in the most economical man- ner through the raising of stock. Hog raising will in due time become one of the principal vocations in our Northwest country, and will not only add that much to the value of its products, but will provide a means of maintaining its prosperity at times when other sources may fail. In the interest of the general welfare, the Ore- gon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company and the Southern Pacific Company have considered it the part of wisdom to foster and encourage the industry in every practicable way. Not a small part of the success to be obtained in swine cul- ture is dependent upon the intelligent and consistent care and feeding of the animals, and these matters have been featured in an extensive book- let recently issued by the above named companies de- voted to hog raising. It has been published for free dis- tribution, and will be found to be of a practical value to farmers and others inter- ested. It will be mailed free to any one upon application to Mr. Miller, © © © Editor Better Fruit: Please let us know what the price per annum of your _ publication, “Better Fruit,’ is, together with postage to Great Britain. Yours faithfully, Herbert W. Stevens, Portadown, Ireland. IQII BETTER FRUIT THE WOOD WASTE DISTILLERY COMPANY, (INC.) Free Farmers’ Circular No.9 information relating to industrial alcohol from wood waste and farm products and the simple distilling apparatus that does the work as easily as acorn mill. If interested, read carefully; it will bring you the biggest returns of the year. Take a wash boiler and cook sawdust just as you would potatoes. Pour the juice in a washtub, then ferment with two cents’ worth of yeast, lukewarm. Fermentation sets in and alcohol is formed. One hundred gallons of this solution will distill, if rich pine sawdust is used, as follows: Sixteen per cent turpentine, 2 or 5 per cent alcohol, and 3 per cent pine oil. It is best to use 10 per cent or more of vegetable waste boiled the same way. It will fer- ment easier and quicker the more vegetable matter is used, and it makes a larger percentage of alco- hol and less turpentine. A farmer’s stock food kettle is best for a five-gallon still. It is as easy for you to make alcohol as it is for a woman to bake bread. They don’t need any baker or chem- ist. The distilling is still simpler. A five-gallon tax-free still the government allows for scientific or experimental purposes. It is a thirty-gallon tank still with copper coil superheater attached that makes its own steam. Just before the steam gen- erates, the alcohol goes over first—it’s lighter than steam—and passes down to the middle tank called turpentine separator and up around the inner pipe through a larger pipe into the pine oil separator, thence through a water-cooled coil in the barrel through the syphon below at the rate of one gallon per hour. The alcohol is stored in barrels or tanks. Then the light under the superheater is turned off, the thirty-gallon tank still drained off and refilled fresh again; light the superheater and start distill- ing again, etc., every half hour twenty-five gallons. Once a day the turpentine is tapped out, also the pine oil, and stored separately. Pine oil sells for $2.10 per gallon. Turpentine and alcohol fluctuate between 46 and 55 cents a gallon in bulk. The price of the five-gallon still is $135, freight paid; extra stock-food cooker kettle, 25 gallons capacity, costs net $48 for wood or coal firing; total $183 delivered. The still, packed in three parts, weighs 320 pounds, the kettle 160 pounds, making weight of shipment 480 pounds boxed. If you are interested in this industrial alcohol business and its amazing productiveness in dollars and cents, tax free and simple as a corn mill, free aS a motor, and almost automatic, so a boy can operate it, no license, no red tape, only a permit free—the government freed the five-gallon stills for scientific and experimental purposes asa fore- runner for larger plants. The spirit-yielding material in vegetable matter is its fermantable contents. It has been demon- strated that 100 pounds of the following farm products will produce alcohol in the following quantities: Rice, 46 per cent, equal to 6 wine gallons. 190 proof; rye, barley, spelt corn and sorghum seed, 40 per cent, 5 gallons; Irish pota- toes, 12 per cent, 1% gallons; cassava, 20 per cent, STORAGE RR itcrmanc to your recent request for more Ship your Furniture to us to be stored until you are located Transfer & Livery Co. Hood River, Oregon Are standard—the best to be had for money-making purposes. We are Agents for Lewis Bee Ware. Send for Catalog. Most authoritative Bee Book issued, 84 pages of definite information. Illustrated. The Chas.H.Lilly Co. Seattle. 2% gallons; artichokes, 114 gallons; sugar beets, 16 per cent, 2 gallons; sorghum or sugar cane, 32 per cent; waste molasses, 46 per cent, 6 gallons; grapes, 24% gallons; bananas, 2 gallons, and other fruits 10 to 15 per cent. Corn cobs boiled the same as you would potatoes yield 18 per cent; rich pine sawdust, 3 to 5 per cent alcohol, with 16 per cent turpentine and 3 per cent pine oil; sisal hemp juice, 25 per cent alcohol of 190 proof. A five-gallon tax-free distilling denatured outfit consists ot a thirty-gallon galvanized still with five- gallon doubler, a ten-gallon pine oil, rosin oil and turpentine separator, a nine-foot copper coil super- heater, twelve-foot coil worm with barrel condenser, one alcohol tester, one. sachrometer, one steam gauge, two water gauges, two thermometers with pipes, valves and fittings. Actual distilling capa- city, one gallon per hour. Cost $135. Complete weight, ready for shipment, 320 pounds. Plain and non-technical instructions, blueprints and two books sent with plants. We reserve the right to withdraw this offer without notice. But this offer is open to you now; to every man who wants a still that will do the work better than any other on earth, and at the rock bottom dealer’s price. You can save all of the middle profits now by dealing direct with us. Price List— Trust price 50 gallons capacity, cost..... $ 500 $2,500 75 gallons capacity, cost..... TOY See eae 100 gallons capacity, cost..... 1,000 5,000 200 gallons capacity, cost..... 2,000 10,000 500 gallons capacity, cost..... 5,000 20,000 1000 gallons capacity, cost..... 10,000 40,000 Now, then, if you really are interested and we can attract your attention, arouse your interest, create a desire to start you in business, and stimu- late your action in giving us your order today, we thank you. Yours very truly, The Wood Waste Distilleries Company, Inc., Frank H. Hartzfelt, Secretary, Wheeling, West Virginia. May, 1911. * o © ® VERY fruit grower in El Dorado County and every man or woman who planted an orchard tract this winter and spring, should not fail to become a subscriber to that superb publication, “Better Fruit.’ Without any question ‘Better Fruit” is the best and most carefully edited publi- cation of its sort in the world. It is distinctively Western, and the editor, E. H. Shepard, has been growing fruit for upward of twenty years, and he knows just what problems and perplexities every fruit grower must encounter and overcome. ‘‘Better Fruit’ is always splendidly illustrated, and from the printer’s viewpoint is a work of art. Every issue is brimful of instruction and helpful sugges- tions for the orchardist, and a subscription to the magazine will be the means of saving you much time, money and annoyance. Send for the “El Dorado Republican” and “Better Fruit” at once.— Republican-Nugget, Placerville, California. D. McDONALD Hood River, Oregon Headquarters for FARMING AND ORCHARD TOOLS Disc Harrow Extension for Orchard Cultivation a Specialty When you want any kind of Orchard Tools come to me and get the Best PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 1 and 2 Lambert-Sargeant Building Corner East Alder Street and Grand Avenue PORTLAND, OREGON Mills College NEAR OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA The only Woman’s College on the Pacific Coast. Chart- ered 1885. Ideal climate. Entrance and graduation re- quirements equivalentto those of Standford and University of California. Well equipped laboratories. Grounds com- prise one hundred and fifty acres. Special care for health, out- door life. Pres. Luella Clay Carson, A. M., Litt. D., LL. D. Yor catalogue address Secretary, Mills College P. O., Calif WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page SO S. EK. Bartmess UNDERTAKER AND LICENSED EMBALMER For Oregon and Washington Furniture, Rugs, Carpets and Building Material Hood River, Oregon A Safe Investment If you are interested in securing a home, or site for a home, in a city where you can spend the declining years of your life in peace and happiness, or if you have money to invest in a city of schools, churches, parks and improvements, where the great railroads of the country have centered and an unequaled harbor offers shelter to the shipping of the world, Seattle gives you an opportunity where steadily increasing values will bring the best results. We have lots and homes in all parts of the city, ranging in price from $300 up to $25,000, as well as farms near the city, which we will sell on easy terms or exchange for farms in any part of the United States. Tell us what you want or have to exchange. HAZEN CHASE, JR. & CO. 309 American Bank Building, Seattle, Washington The Hamlin School A Boarding and Day School for Girls Comprising a French School for Little Children, Primary, Intermediate, High School and Post Graduate Departments, Household Economics, Drawing, Painting and Elocution. Accredited by the University of California, by Leland Stanford Junior University and by Eastern Colleges. Courses in Singing, Instrumental Music (piano, violin, organ, harp, flute, cello, etc.), Theory and Composition, Harmony, Sight Reading, Musical Dictation, Choral and Orchestral Practice, etc., are offered by the newly formed Music Department. ~- For particulars in regard to the School, please send for prospectus, and address MISS SARAH D. HAMLIN, A. M. 2230 Pacific Avenue San Francisco Paste for Labeling “PALO ALTO” PASTE POWDER added to cold water, instantly makes a beautiful, smooth, white paste. Ready for immediate use at a cost of ten cents a gallon. No labor. No muss. No spoiled paste. Paste Specialists ROBINSON CHEMICAL WORKS 349-351 Eighth Street San Francisco, California Drain Tile Most Important Investment for the tiller of the soil Write for prices and free booklet Lang & Bullock, Inc. 601 Beck Building PORTLAND, OREGON Page 90 BETTER FRUIT INDUSTRY PROMISES TO BE HIGHLY PROFITABLE HEMICAL research has in recent years resulted in the creation of a number of new industries of world-wide importance, but most of these have been of such a nature as to involve the initial outlay of a large amount of capital. This, however, 1s not the case with the manu- facture of industrial alcohol. This prod- uct, for which there is a well nigh uni- versal demand, can now be manufactured successfully with an apparatus so inex- pensive and so simple to operate as to be within the reach of practically every- one whose business is of such a nature as to furnish the requisite raw materials. As alcohol can be made from a great variety of different products many diver- sified interests can use the simplified stills needed to manufacture it. Fruit canning companies are said to be the largest buyers of these stills, while saw- mills come second and chemical works next. The making of denatured alcohol is also a profitable industry for varnish makers, chemical wood fiber mills, fruit growers and packers, paper mills, soap makers, wholesale druggists, oil refin- eries, distilleries, garbage contractors, cane and beet sugar refineries and many other lines of manufacture. Chemists have recently shown that sawdust can be made into alcohol, acetic acid, wood naptha and oxalic acid, not to mention artificial wood and various special products extracted from conifers, birch and some other species of trees. Corn is another highly profitable source of alcohol, a ton yielding ninety-eight gallons of 188-degree alcohol at a net cost, according to official statistics, of a little over nine cents a gallon. Even corn cobs can be utilized in making this product. Firms interested in this new process for utilizing by-products, such as denatured alcohol and wood waste fiber pulp, should write at once for full par- ticulars to Wood Waste Distilleries Company, 1204 McColloch Street, Wheel- ing, West Virginia.—Dun’s International Review. Have Your Own Independent — Water Supply System — OIL that will yield crops with a meager supply of water can often be made to yield two or three times as much with plenty of water. Government experiments have proved this beyonda doubt. Just think what this means—more crops—better crops—the choice of crops—all within your reach with the help of an IH C Gasoline Engine It will guarantee you a sure water supply—in fact a water supply that is even better than rain as you can have as much water as you need at just the right time. You won't have.to wait for rain and watch your crops dry up in the field. AnI H C engine is dependable and the cost is sosmall in comparison to what you can make that the extra profits the first year will often pay for it. used for general purposes. In addition to your irrigating this same engine can be IH C engines are the most efficient and economical power known for IHC Service Bureau The Bureau is a clearing house of agricultural data. It aims to learn the best ways of doing things on the farm, and then distribute the in- formation. Your § individual experi- ence may help others. Send your problem to the IHC Service Bu- reau. new catalogue. Chicago pumping, grinding, and other farm work and are made in so many sizes and types that you can get just the engine you want for your special needs. Vertical type—2, 3, 25, and 35-H.P.; horizontal— 1 to 25-H.P.; semi-portable—1 to 8-H.P.; portable— 1 to 25-H.P.; traction—12 to 45-H.P.; sawing, pump- ing, spraying, and grinding outfits, etc. operate on gas, gasoline, kerosene, distillate, or alco- hol—air-cooled or water-cooled. dealer, or, write nearest branch house today for our Built to See the I H C local WESTERN BRANCH HOUSES—Denver, Col.; Helena, Mont.; Portland, Ore.; Spokane, Wash.; Salt Lake City, Utah; San Francisco, Cal. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA (Incorporated) USA WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT - July LINDSAY & CO. LTD. Wholesale Fruits HELENA, MONTANA Established in Helena Quarter of a Century Branch houses: Great Falls, Mis- soula and Billings, Montana Cc. M. SHAW ROY F. DEAN Dean &S Shaw Electrical Supplies and Fixtures Scientific Electrical Construction Home Phone 3 Hood River, Oregon Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association Packers and Shippers of Rogue River Fruit Finest flavored—Longest keepers PEARS LNIPIPAL IDS) Bartlett Never. “Autocrat of the Howe Breakfast Table” osc Anjou Spitzenberg Comice Jonathan Winter Nelis Ben Davis TWELVE SHIPPING STATIONS Modern Economy Code K. S. MILLER, Manager GENUINE “DIAMOND” FOOD a Produces 100 LBS AY Healthy, Vig- orous, Sturdy Chicks. Nothing Else Needed “Diamond” Chick Food is made from gse- lect grains and seeds, sweet dried meat, grit, shell and char- coal, Steel Cut, No Dust. Accurately pro- portioned and always of uni- form food value. Not a tonic, not a medicine, but a natural food. None other so good. Ask for Free Sample WARNING: The name ‘‘Diamond” Chick Food is imitated. Look for our Trade Mark. Send for Catalog No. 202 it lists Diamond quality poultry supplies and gives valuable suggestions on the care of poultry, their diseases and treatment. PORTLAND SEED CO. PORTLAND, OREGON PD IOII cite ming John Deere HIS valuable book has eighteen articles on live farm topics, written by the highest authorities. Get the book and a full description of John Deere Plows and Cultivators. They are the imple- ments of guality, made for farmers who want the best. We will send the book and catalogue of John Deere goods if you write for ; Package No. 46 Mention the package number sure, then you will get exactly the right stuff. DEERE & COMPANY, MOLINE, ILL. Pearson-Page Co. 131-133 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Superior facilities for handling PEACHES APPLES AND PEARS Solicit Your Consignments Reliable Market Reports Prompt Cash Returns BETTER FRUIT SIGNS POINT TO GOODLY T its last meeting, Saturday, which was very largely attended, the Lane County Horticultural Association had reports from different parts of the county on the prospects for the fruit crop this season. The consensus of observation and opinion was that there would be a goodly crop of cherries, apples, peaches, prunes, etc., although in some orchards damage by spring frosts had reduced the maximum crop one-third. Prices for cherries will rule rather high, sustaining oe oe prices for several years past. NV. G. Allen, a fruit packer and canner, es has recently made a tour of obser- vation through the Pacific Coast states, pleaded for more production of berries, such as currants, strawberries and logan- berries. He said it was remarkable the demand there was for currant juice and loganberry juice. He thought it was an established fact that the berry industry is good for a time to Mr. long come. BUIDEE'S DEGOS Thal GTOW 140 VARIETIES ANY QUANTITY Plenty of stock in our 40,000 pounds Growing Plants as season requires All makes high grade Pruning Tools Garden Tools Hose and Spray Nozzles International Stock and Poultry Food International Remedies Incubators and Brooders Everything for Building Everything for Furnishing Stewart Hardware & Furniture Co. 22,000 feet floor space. Hood River, Oregon “I HAVE SO LITTLE FUNGUS That I cannot afford to mark my fruit with bordeaux,” New York, a grower of pancy apples. Reason: says Mr. George T. Powell, of Ghent, el have less scale and finer foliage than ever before.” Five years’ consecutive use of “SCALECIDE” Cheaper, more effective, and easier to apply than lime-sulphur Send for booklet, PRICES: If oe want cheap oils, our “Orchard Insurance” In barrels and half-barrels, 50c per gallon; cans, $6.00; 5-gallon cans, $3.25; 1-gallon cans, $1.00 “CARBOLEINE” at 30c per gallon is the equal of SE an ee else 10-gallon . G. PRATT CO., Manufacturing Chemists, 50 Church Street, NEW YORK CIT NURSERY CATALOG New, handsome, instructive, up-to-date, describing Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Berry Plants, etc. Free on request. Write now, mentioning this paper. - J. B. PILKINGTON, Nurseryman, Portland, Oregon agents’ commissions. Order Direct and Save Agent’s Profit Why not order your nursery stock direct from us, and save that 25 per cent commission which most nurserymen allow their salesmen? for our stock is a price based on actual growing cost, plus our one small margin of profit, a price eliminating all traveling men’s expenses, dealers’ profits and Write us before placing DONALD NURSERY COMPANY, Donald, Oregon The price we name your order. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page OL YIELD IN LANE COUNTY Allen further reported that there were very encouraging signs for fruit growers, the outlook being all that could be asked so far as the industry is concerned. Phases of scientific culture were dis- cussed. The association deplored, and denounced as well, the unscrupulous methods of some realty brokers who are particularly engaged in selling lands “sight-unseen” to buyers living in the East and Middle West, much of such land being unfitted for fruit raising. It was the sense of the meeting that every disappointed land buyer, who made a failure, worked a hardship on the fruit- growing industry.—Contributed. © & ® T IS reported that the firm of Denney & Co. of Chicago will be a very large factor in the marketing of the fruit crop in the Northwest this year. This firm has been very successful in securing satisfactory prices for the growers and shippers whom they have been repre- senting in the past and h themselves an enviable reputation as car lot distributors and marketing agents. They not only have a good standing with the shippers, but also with the jobbers, all of which has resulted from the: fact that anyone trading with this firm is assured of a square deal and of each car receiving careful and prompt attention. Their facilities for securing satisfactory results and for handling a large volume of business are the very best, consisting of a well organized force of selling agents, superintended by men of ability, having full knowledge of the markets as well as of the production from the differ- ent sections, places Denney & Co. among ave secured for the foremost distributing agents in the country. oo ¢ Editor Better Fruit: Please send a copy of your May number of your magazine. White Bluffs, It is a beauty. A. W. Henning, Montana. FRUIT GROWING AND BEE KEEPING Learn what an ideal combination it makes. “Gleanings in Bee Culture” tells all about it. Six months’ trial subscrip- tion 25 c. 64-page book on Bees and sup- ply catalog free. THE A. I. ROOT CoO., Box 83, Medina, Ohio. TRADE MARK I TLR®D The most useful about your place. canoes, water article you can have Stop the leaks in boats, tanks, tubs, pails, eaves troughs, roofs, water pipes, watering troughs, irrigation sluice ways, etc. sets in a few moments, to wood or metal surfaces. Does not taint or discolor water. Ideal for coating inside of cement or wood silos. Just the thing for grafting trees. Has hundreds of uses. Pints 50 cents, quarts $1.00. Write for free book- let. Agents wanted. Send 30 cents for a sample can and give Petro a trial. Money back if not satisfied. PETRO MANUFACTURING CO. 317 Main St., Rockford, Illinois. Easily applied, anchors itself firmly Page 92 BETTER FRUIT THE FRUIT BEST ADAPTED FOR EASTERN OREGON AYS Professor C. I. Lewis of the Oregon Agricultural College horti- cultural department: “Care should be exercised in the selection of varieties of fruit for planting in Eastern Oregon, since the higher elevations of that part of the state suffer more or less from the sionally such varieties as the Alexander and Amsden do very well. The Gobbs apricot is often successful.” The four kinds of cherries eo by Professor Lewis as most suitable for Eastern Oregon are Lambert and Bing, sweet cherries, and Early Richmond and July CapPpitaL Stock $100,000 SurRPLus $22,000 FIRST Olivette for sour ones. Two varieties of raspberries, Cuthbert and Turner’s Red, are named as good, and any of the stan- NATIONAL BANK HOOD RIVER, OREGON severity of the winter and the drouth in summer. As to apples, the Russian var- ieties will be the hardiest. These in low altitudes are summer and fall varieties, dard varieties of blackberries, such as but often in high altitudes they are long Kittatinny, Lawton and Eldorado, may keepers. The Red Astrachan, Graven- be grown. Red Jacket and Champion stein, Duchess, Wolf River, Wagener gooseberries, and Bederwood, Warfield and McIntosh Red are the best and most and Clark Seedling strawberries are also satisfactory varieties to plant. Occasion- mentioned. ally nearly any of the standard varieties eet ac, eo ell & f i] i Editor Better Fruit: Y grow sufficiently well for _ Besos SKE We have opened our London house as intended Varieties of some promise in such sec- when the writer was with you, and are now in a A eae B Whi Wi _ position to handle your entire output of fruit tions are Rome eauty, ite inter to the best possible advantage. The writer has Pearmain, Delicious and Gano. The three varieties of pears I would suggest for the been traveling in the various apple markets, and D. Crossley & Sons now have connections in all region are White Doyanne, Seckle and Clapps Favorite. Peaches, as a tule, markets abroad where apples are eaten. We are are not successfully grown in the higher pleased to say that our firm has had a large per- elevations of Eastern Oregon, but occa- © © F. S. STaniey, President J. W. Hinricus, Vice President E. O. Birancuar, Cashier V. C. Brock, Assistant Cashier ESPECIAL ATTENTION AND GARITE GIVEN TO BUSINESS DEAES FOR NON-RESIDENT CUSTOMERS centage of the apples received in Europe “during the months of March, April and May. Our last shipment of Hood River apples, seven hundred boxes, sold at very high prices. Yours very truly, William Crossley, Covent Garden, London. NEW RESIDENTS We are always pleased to extend courteous assistance to new residents of Hood River and the Hood River Valley by advising them regarding any local conditions within our knowledge, and we Thorough and Conservative ic Assets over $500,000 afford every convenience for the transaction of their financial matters. New accounts are respect- fully and cordially invited, and we guarantee satisfaction. Savings department in connection. HOOD RIVER BANKING AND TRUST COMPANY HOOD RIVER, OREGON Savings Bank in connection LESLIE BUTLER, President IF. McKERCHER, Vice President TRUMAN BUTLER, Cashier Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Established 1900 Incorporated 1905 Goodell Strawberry Plants (Gold Medal A. Y. P. Exposition) Capital fully paid $50,000 Surplus and profits over $50,000 INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS We give special attention to Good Farm Loans If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or if you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for, this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY For Fall or Spring Planting Can be safely shipped by mail or express in dozen lots LADD & TILTON BANK Oldest bank on the Pacific Coast PORTLAND, OREGON Established 1859 EXCLUSIVE Case toliypetel = 5 = 5 5 = SiLO00,000 AGENTS Surplus and undivided profits - - - 800,000 Officers : W. M. Ladd, President R. S. Howard, Jr., Assistant Cashier Edward Cookingham, Vice President J. W. Ladd, Assistant Cashier W. H. Dunckley, Cashier Walter M. Cook, Assistant Cashier The Sunnyside Nursery Company Sunnyside, Washington INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS AND SAVINGS ACCOUNTS Accounts of banks, firms, corporations and individuals solicited. Travelers’ checks for sale, and drafts issued available in all countries of Europe. I et WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT THE FUTURE FAR EASTERN MARKET POSSIBILITY EGARDING Providence, Rhode Isl- and, as a marketing possibility for fruits of all kinds, and especially North- western apples, the following letter from H. B. Fiske & Co., commission merchants of that city, will be of interest: “We believe that this market is worthy of con- sideration from all good sized shippers and packers who are putting up the right kind of a pack and who want to build up a business of the lasting kind. No market appreciates good stuff any more than this one does, and no market will stick to a good brand or a certain mark of stuff any more than the Providence people will. “We have for several years handled Le Pope peaches for the Le Pope Orchard Company of Le Pope, Georgia. They have always put up a very fine package of fruit, perhaps the best that ever left the State of Georgia, and we have always been able to get the top of the market for it, and understand that our sales have always been very satisfactory to Mr. Hendrickson, the owner of the Le Pope orchard. Anyway, he continues to give us his business from year to year. We have been successful in holding our share of the high class accounts that come to this city. The population of Providence is about 245,000 and is growing rapidly. Providence has been handicapped for a great many years in having only one rail- road, the New York, New Haven & Hart- ford. The Grand Trunk is now laying out its road to make Providence its ter- minal. There is about one and a quarter million dollars being expended on our bay, in docks and dredging, and we are all looking forward to a great future for Providence. “It has been a great surprise to many shippers that Providence can use the quantity of stuff that it does, and there Faculty Stronger Than Ever More Progressive Than Ever are several reasons why it does, one of them being that we have such a sur- rounding country that gets its supplies from here, served by a most complete trolley express system, branching out into all the small towns, which gives us very rapid delivery. There are some things that we should want to caution the shippers about. One is that it would not pay to ship any slack, poorly packed or poorly graded stuff. It must be good. There are some varieties of apples that do not take here at all; such varieties as Winesaps, Jonathans, McIntosh Reds, Gravensteins, Baldwins and Bellflowers can be used to good advantage. “We have been in business since 1874, and the members of this firm are Henry B. Fiske and his sons, William H. Fiske and Daniel S. Fiske, and we have built up a business that we are proud of for its conservativeness and up-to-dateness, two things which we think are hard to combine. We believe that the make-up of our firm is such that we can look after all the small details of the business most thoroughly, from the fact that there are three of us familiar with all things con- nected with it. We have absolutely no guess work about anything, all commis- sion accounts being made up from actual sales. We keep a tally on everything connected with our business, and no one can steal twenty-five cents’ worth from us or make any kind of a mistake without it coming to light. Our store is most centrally located, directly opposite the market, and we believe we do the best commission business with the Rhode Island farmers of any firm here.” © © © Editor Better Fruit: As a publisher I want to congratulate you as to the appearance of your publication, which is way above the average, and you are going to get the business. Yours truly, C. Troup, Chicago, Illinois. Results Better Than Ever Attendance Larger Than Ever ATTEND THE BEST Business College PORTLAND, OREGON \\ TIRES, COASTE {interesting matter and useful information. "(0 DAYS FREE TRIA >, prepaid to any place in the United States without a cent deposit in advance, and \ <6) allow ten days free trial from the day you receive it. L @A every way and is not all or more than we claim for it and a better bicycle than you can get M anywhere else regardless of price, or if for any reason whatever you do not wish to keep it, ship it back to us at our expense for freight and you will zot de out one cent. || LOW FACTORY PRICES \ Save you $10 to $25 middlemen’s profit on every bicycle. } \ 4) Puncture-Proof tires, Imported Roller chains, pedals, etc., at prices no higher than cheap | mail order bicycles; also reliable medium grade models at unheard of low prices. } RIDER AGENTS WANTED in each town and district to ride and exhibit a sample zor2 **Ranger”’ Bicycle furnishedby us. You will be | astonished at the wonderfully low prices and the liberai propositions and special offer we will i| give on the first ror2 sample going to your town. Write at once for our special offer. |] DO NOT BUY a bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any price until you receive our catalogue ] and learn our low prices and liberal terms. BICYCLE DEALERS, you can sell our bicycles under | your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received. fe 3 9 SECOND HAND BICYCLES —a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will Wy be closed out at once, at $3 to $8 each. Descriptive bargain list mailed free. , NA BRAKE rear wheels, innertubes, lamps, cyclometers, parts, repairs ‘MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept.1345 We will ship you a “RANGER” BICYCLE on approval, freight If it does not suit you in We sell the highest grade bicycles direct from factory to rider at lower prices than any other house. We Highest grade models with and everything in the bicycle line at half usual prices. DO NOT WAIT but write today for our Large Catalogue beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund of It only costs a postal to get everything. Write it now. CHICAGO, ILL. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 92 WE GUARANTEE RESULTS Crest Spray A HEAVY MISCIBLE OIL FOR ORCHARDS AND GARDENS An Effective EXTERMINATOR of all Insect Life, Germs and Vermin CREST SPRAY is the result of scientific and practical experiments by the best phytopathologists and chemists. ANALYSIS: Tar and kindred products, Naphthal, Pyroligneous Acid, Douglas Fir Oil, Phenols, Creosote, Turpentine, Resin, Sulphur and Soda. DIFFERS FROM OTHER SPRAYS Crest Spray is a soluble or miscible oil and mixes readily with water. It remains in solution, forming an emulsion. It is non-poisonous and harmless to operator. Requires no boiling or preparation like the Lime-Sulphur. Its use is a saving of time and money. Home-made Lime-Sulphur costs from 1% cents to 2 cents per gallon. Crest Spray costs from 1% cents to 3 cents per gallon. A gallon of Crest Spray has a cov- ering power almost twice as great as Lime-Sulphur, reducing the cost nearly one-half. SCIENTIFIC, EFFECTIVE, CON- VENIENT, ECONOMICAL PRICES: Barrels, 25 or 50 gallons, per gallon $1.25 Five-gallon can, per gallon - - 135) One-gallon can, per gallon - = 1.50 Half-gallon can - - - - 90 @Owarticant se a < = = 50 Pint can - - - - - 30 Testimonials sent on application Crest Chemical Co. 84 Bell Street Seattle, U. S. A. Page 94 20thCentury Grader The Light-Weight Wonder—600 Pounds Will make your ditches—level your land—grade roads, throw up borders at a third usual expense. It’s the Many Purpose Machine—the Irrigationist’s best investment — the handy tool which you will find use for every day in the year—thousands in use. Our new catalog full of pictures of the machine at work, shows how it will save you money. Send post card for it, name of nearest agent and distributing point. BAKER MANUFACTURING CO. 542 Hunter Building, Chicogo, Illinois ». P. CALKINS eae ©: BETTER FRUIT July Deming Spray Pumps PLENTY OF PRESSURE A spraying outfit that develops and holds a high pressure—as Deming Outfits do—has to be mighty well built—as Deming Outfits are. Big air chambers; free-working yet water- tight valves that keep the liquid moving ahead; brass parts that almost wear forever; these ena- ble Deming operators to cover the whole tree with fine, foggy spray that settles everywhere, and sticks and does the work. Consult your local Deming dealer or write the nearest branch of CRANE CO., Pacific Coast Agents Portland, Seattle, Spokane, San Francisco The Deming Company 870 Depot Street Salem, Ohio Hydraulic Rams Hand and Power Pumps For All Uses MEMPHIS TENNESSEE WHOLESALE BROKERS Box Apples Box Peaches Box Pears Box Prunes PLENTY OF COLD AND COMMON STORAGE FACILITIES References, Produce Reporter or any bank G. M.H. WAGNER & SONS EXPONENTS AND PURVEYORS OF High Grade Box Fruits MARKET CREATORS AND DISTRIBUTORS Located for forty years in the largest distributing market in the world. Correspondence invited 123 W. South Water Street, CHICAGO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 19lI BETTER FRUIT The Shenandoah Nurseries Offer for Fall and Winter Trade a complete assortment of IMPORTED FRUIT TREE STOCKS Mahaleb, Mazzard, Myrobolan and Pear APPLE SEEDLINGS American and French grown All grades Straight or Branched APPLE GRAFTS Piece and Whole Root FINE STOCK OF GRAPES, CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES Strong, well rooted plants FOREST TREE SEEDLINGS Carefully grown and graded LARGE GENERAL STOCK Send list for prices D. S. LAKE, Proprietor SHENANDOAH, IOWA For several years we have been supplying most of the nursery stock planted in the famous Wenatchee district. Our business has grown to one of the largest in the Northwest and we have gained a reputation of which we are proud. Experience has taught us how to grow the Cleanest, Healthiest, Best- Rooted Trees in the World. Our line is large and complete. Over two million trees sold last year. Our customers get what they order. Send in your list, whether large or small. COLUMBIA AND OKANOGAN NURSERY COMPANY Wholesale and Retail Wenatchee, Washington Dairymen: Our general creamery and dairymen’s supply catalog is out. lf you keep cows you should have one. They are free. Kindly give us the information asked for below and we will send you this large new catolog free: lslOwy SME COWS IMAWES WOE 556 oobceceossocrccco Do you separate your owncream?..... ......... If so, how many lbs. per week? ....... ...... MONROE & CRISELL 145 Front Street, Portland, Oregon A full line of Dairy Machinery and Supplies ria WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT y) a) K Page 95 EWARE OF FAKE TREE DOC- TORS.—Frauds are being perpe- trated in several parts of the state by men who give as their references the names of professors at the State Agri- cultural College without authority. One claims preposterous things in the way of curing apple trees of anthracnose and protecting them from the codling moth by applying chemicals to the roots. Another is offering a premium with sub- scriptions to a paper. Dean A. B. Cordley of the Agricultural School has received a letter from a farmer near Tualatin asking if he gave his indorsement to such men. The let- ter says: “A man named Saunder claims to have a treatment whereby he renders trees immune from diseases by the application of some chemicals to the roots, espe- cially apple trees. He claims that they will be cured of anthracnose, and that the codling moth will not bother such trees for six years, and that no spraying is required on treated trees other than a lhght spray of concentrated lye once every two or three years to keep moss off the trees. Mr. Saunder gave me the name of Professor Cordley as reference, so I ask the college to give me its opinion. I regard this fellow as a fraud, pure and simple, and in order to protect my neighbors from his operations I have written to the college.” _ “T know nothing whatever of him,” Dean Cordley replied, “and if I should give my testimony in the case it would be to the effect that any man who claims to be able to render trees immune from the attacks of the codling moth, anthrac- nose and other fungous diseases by an application of certain chemicals to the roots of trees is a fraud.” Another letter from Lebanon states that a young man claiming to be con- nected with the college is taking sub- scriptions for a paper and offering a pre- mium, which turned out later to be a fraud. Dean Cordley has issued a state- ment that there is no such person con- nected with the institution, and that he is evidently trading upon the popularity and reputation of the college to make smooth the way for his fraud. Rogue River Valley 30 acres; 20 acres 3-year-old orchard, consisting of 16 acres of Bartlett pears, 3 acres of Newtown and Spitzenberg apples, 1 acre family orchard; divided into two 10-acre tracts, other 10 acres ready for trees; one mile to Eagle Point and railroad station; less than mile to Tronson & Guthrie’s orchard, world’s prize-winner at Spokane in 1909. As good soil for fruit as can be found in valley. Terms: $200 per acre; one-third cash, balance in three years at 6 per cent. Will sell entire or in 10-acre tracts. Sick- ness compels this sale, which is a sacri- fice. Address owner, W. C. EARLE, 314 Couch Building, Portland, Oregon. Page 90 OISONED BAITS TO KILL BUGS. “Poisoned baits are desirable for destroying grasshoppers, cut-worms and a few other insects,” says H. F. Wilson, entomologist at the Oregon Agricultural College, in a new bulletin on insecticides for the garden, which will soon be off the press. “Such baits are most effective if used in early spring,’ he says. “Poisoned slices of potato or some similar vegetable treated with a strong solution of arsenate of lead or paris green are used to poison sow-bugs and wire-worms. “To make a bran arsenic mash mix thoroughly a pound of white arsenic, half a pound of brown sugar and six pounds of bran, and add enough water to make a wet mash. A spoonful should be placed at the base of each tree or vine. For cut-worms a still better bait may be prepared by mixing thoroughly a pound of paris green, fifteen pounds of middlings and fifteen pounds of dry bran and sow- ine it broadcast upon the vegetation, about the borders of cultivated fields or eardens. It may also be sown with a seed drill along the rows for destroying cut-worms in onion fields.” a e 5 Editor Better Fruit: We wish to acknowledge receipt of and- thank you for your very courteous letter of the 22d, and surely appreciate the kindly attention you have given our request of a few days ago. You surely are realizing your original ambition in publishing “Better Fruit,’ as I have personally very much admired your good publication and consider it the hest of its kind that I have had the pleasure of reading so far. Yours truly, The Sherwin-Williams Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Nursery Stock of Absolute Reliability That’s the only kind to buy. and poor trees failure. do not experiment. of well pleased customers. for an immense business. without limit as to variety and quantity. fruits and ornamentals. solicit your confidence, and will take care of the test. an immense stock of small Catalogue on application. g PE Salem Nursery Company, Salem, Oregon Reliable and live salesmen wanted. The Old Reliable Twenty-three yvears in busi- ness. Twelve thousand dollars more business last year than any previous year. “A reputation to sustain. The Albany Nurseries (INCORPORATED) Bigger and better than ever A few more salesmen wanted Good trees bring success Fruit growers know this. They buy non-irrigated, whole root, budded trees, and we number scores of them on our list We have prepared this season That means trees, trees, trees BETTER FRUIT July THE NORTHWEST ASSOCIATION OF NURSERYMEN Oregon—Albany Nurseries, Albany; A. Brown- ell, Portland; Sunnyslope Nursery Company, Baker City; Carlton Nursery, Carlton; A. McGee, Orenco, M. McDonald, Orenco; H. S. Galligan, Hood River; Tune-a-Tune Nursery, Freewater; J. B. Weaver, Union; S. A. Miller, Milton; G. W. Miller, Milton; C. B. Miller, Milton; F. W. Power, Portland; J. B. Pilkington, Portland; C. F. Raw- son, Hood River; IF. W. Settlemier, Woodburn; F. H. Stanton, Hood River; E. P. Smith, Gresham; W. S. Sibson, Portland; Sluman & Harris, Port- land; C. D. Thompson, Hood River; H. A. Lewis, Portland; Sunnyslope Nursery Company Baker City. Washington—C. Atwood, Toppenish; J. J. Bonnell, Seattle; A. C. Brown, R. D. 2, Selah; Ed Dennis, Wenatchee; A. Eckert, Detroit; D. Farquharson, Bellingham; George Gibbs, Clear- brook; Berg, North Yakima; Interlaken Nursery, Seattle; Inland Nursery and _ Floral Company, Spokane; Rolla A. Jones, R. D., Hill- yard; A. Lingham, Puyallup; G. A. Loudenback, Cashmere; A. W. McDonald, Toppenish; C. Malmo, Seattle; C. McCormick, Portage; W. S. McClain, Sunnyside; T. J. Murray, Malott; G. W. R. Peaslee, Clarkston; Richland Nursery Com- pany, Richland; J. A. Stewart, Christopher; C. N. Sandahl, Seattle; I. K. Spalding, Sunnyside; H. Schuett, Seattle; A. G. Tillinghast, La Conner; Wright Nursery Company, Cashmere; IF. A. Wig- gins, Toppenish; C. B. Wood, R. D. 2, Selah; (C. Young, Tacoma; E. P. Gilbert, Spokane; Stephen J. Hermeling, Vashon; Northwest Nur- sery Company, North Yakima; H. C. Schumaker, Brighton Beach; E. P. Watson, Clarkston; Yakima Valley Nurseries, Toppenish; Yakima-Sunnyside Nurseries, Sunnyside. California—John S. Armstrong, Ontario; F. X. Bouillard, Chico; J. W. Bairstow, Hanford; Chico Nursery, Chico; Leonard Coates, Morgan Hill; California Rose Company, Los Angeles; California Nursery Company, Niles; Charles A. Chambers, Fresno; L. R. Cody, Saratoga; R. P. Eachus, Lakeport; A. T. Foster, Dixon; E. Gill, West Berkeley; C. W. Howard, Hemet; William C. Hale, Orangehurst; William Kelly, Imperial; James Mills, Riverside; S. W. Marshall & Son, Fresno; John Maxwell, Napa; C. C. Morse & Co., San Francisco; Fred Nelson, Fowler; Park Nurs- ery Company, Pasadena; George C. Roading, Fresno; Ruehl-Wheeler Nursery, San Jose; Silva & Bergtholdt Company, New Castle; G. W. San- ders, Davis; Scheidecker, Sebastopol; W. A. T. Stratton, Petaluma; R. Teague, San Dimas; T. J. True, Sebastopol; J. B. Wagner, Pasadena; W. F. Wheeler; Oakesdale; Edwin Fowler, Fowler; Hartley Bros., Vaccaville; Thos. Jacobs & Bros., Visalie. Alabama—W. I’. Heikes, Huntsville. British Columbia—F. R. E. DeHart, Kelowna; M. J. Henry, Vancouver; I’. E. Jones, Royal Ave- nue, New Westminster; Richard Layritz, Victoria; Riverside Nurseries, Grand Forks; Royal Nurseries & Floral Company, Vancouver. Colorado—J. W. Shadow, Grand Junction. Idaho—Anton Diedrichsen, Payette; J. F. Lit- tooy, Mountain Home; O. F. Smith, Blackfoot; Tyler Bros., Kimberly; J. C. Finstad, Sand Point; C. P. Hartley, Emmet; J. A. Waters, Twin Falls. Montana—Montana Nursery Company, Billings. New Hampshire—Benjamin Chase Company, Derry Village. New York—Jackson Perkins Company, Neward; McHutchinson & Co., New York; Vredenberg & Co., Rochester. Pennsylvania—J. Horace McFarland Company, Harrisburg. Tennessee—Southern Nursery Company, Win- chester. Utah—Harness, Dix & Co., Roy; Orchardist Supply Company, Salt Lake; Pioneer Nursery Company, Salt Lake; Utah Nursery Company, Salt Lake; Davis County Nursery, Roy. Hood River Valley Nursery Company Route No. 3, Box 227 HOOD RIVER, OREGON Phone 325X Will have for spring delivery a choice lot of one-year-old budded apple trees on three-year-old roots, the very best yearlings possible to grow. Standard varities from best selected Hood River bearing trees— Spitzenbergs, Yellow Newtowns, Ortleys, Arkansas Blacks, Gravensteins, Baldwins and Jonathans. All trees guaranteed first-class and true to name. Start your orchards right with budded trees from our nursery, four miles southwest from Hood River Station. WILLIAM ENSCHEDE, Nurseryman H. S. BUTTERFIELD, President Hood River Nurseries Have for the coming season a very complete line of NURSERY STOCK Newtown and Spitzenberg propagated They We also have We from selected bearing trees. mistake, but start your orchard right. Plant generation trees. (Clark Seedling) strawberry plants in quantities to suit. Make no Hood River Send for prices. RAWSON & STANTON, Hood River, Oregon THINGS WE ARE AGENTS FOR KNOX HATS ALFRED BENJAMIN & CO.’S CLOTHING DR. JAEGER UNDERWEAR DR. DEIMEL LINEN MESH UNDERWEAR DENT’S and FOWNES’ GLOVES Buffum & Pendleton 311 Morrison St., Portland, Oregon Western Soft Pine. Light, strong and durable. FRUIT “Better Fruit” subscribers demand the “Better Box. CAN MAKE TWO CARLOADS DAILY Washington Mill Co. Wholesale Manufacturers Spokane, Washington WITTEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT HOLT BETTER FRUIT FLORIDA MEETING OF THE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY the the RUIT GROWERS country, but more citrus growers and the producers of sub- tropical fruits, will be interested in knowing that the volume containing the proceedings of the American Pomolog- ical Society meeting held at Tampa, Florida, last February has just come from the press. Secretary John Craig of Ithaca, New York, writes that it forms an indexed book of over three hundred pages. He further states that the infor- mation contained within its covers is contributed by experts and specialists in their particular fields. This volume is valuable on a three- fold account. It contains the fullest pre- sentation of methods of handling, trans- porting and marketing citrus fruits to be found anywhere; it contains an impor- throughout especially tant Symposium on the status of pecan culture in the Gulf region; orchard heat- ing 1s one. of the topics, which is a live issue today, and this is discussed in the light of the most recent advances. In addition to these subjects, orchard man- agement forms another important chap- The history, classification and prop- agation of the mango by Professor Rolfs of the Florida Station is the contribution on mango culture thus far published. The propagation, (Cire Experiment most important Japanese persimmon, its culture and a method of processing the fruit so that the astringency is removed, forms an interesting chapter of Professor H. Harold Hume of Saint Mary, Florida. intere-ted in these topics the secretary of Glen Persons publication this desiring the and should write to national society. Page D7 5S Buy and Try White River Flour Makes Whiter, Lighter THE TOOL that SAVES a TOOL Why buy two tools when one will do two kinds of work and do it better and easier? Claik’s | | original “‘Cutaway”’ Harrow can be used as a field | INTENSIVE Bread What Prof. Bailey Says “The Double Ac- tion harrow and its extension head frame converts it } into an orchard harrow. Drawn by two medium horses and will cut 28 to 30 acres or double cut 15 acres in a day. The genuine “Cutaway” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists and aerates the soil. Working the soil this way lets in the air, sunshine } and new life and kills foul vegetation. Thorough | cultivation makes large crops. Successful farm- } ers, orchardists, gardenvrs and plantcrs 100% | know that intensive cultivation is profit- Cro o able when done properly: Bs Clark’s ‘‘Cutaway”’ tools are used and endorsed by satisfied users through- out this entire country. Also in several foreign countries. Why? Because they decrease labor and increase crops. Our disks are “Hawkeye miree Protector: Protects your trees against rabbits, mice and other tree gnawers; also against cut worms, sun scald, and skin- ning by cultivation. Cost is but a trifle. The value of one tree is more than the ‘Cutaway’ been Hatrow has satisfactory. I use it almost continu- ously on our hard clay land with good Tesults.”” Saves ! made ofcutlerystcel 7. Send toda shaped and Sie nO Tine) forithisin cost of all the Hawkeye Pro- ed in our own SHOPS Cron Free Book tectors you will need. Write and are the only foney for prices and full description. enuine ‘‘Cutaway isks. ft Beware of imitations and infringements. We Burlington Basket Co. STATE AGENTS make A tool for every erop. if your dealer can’t supply the genu- ine“Cutaway,’’ write us your needs.Satisfaction guaranteed. Prompt shipments. Send a pos- tal today for our new ¥ catalogue ‘Intensive ¥ Cultivation.” It’s Free. Original “Cutaway” G. M. Westland, Wenatchee, Wash. Fair Oaks Nursery Co., Traverse City, Mich. Welch Nursery Co., Madison, Ala. Parker Bros. Nursery Co., Fayetteville, Ark. C. H. Webster, The Dalles, Oregon F. F. Powell, Stevensville, Mont. Humphrey Nurseries, Humphrey, Neb. Geo. F. Hall, Wendall, Idaho Brown Bros. Nursery Co., Rochester, N. Y. Elizabeth Nursery Co., Elizabeth, N. J. H. C. Baker, Route 2, Tunkhannock, Pa. O. K. Nurseries, Wynnewood, Okla. Jefferson Nursery Co., Monticello, Fla. J. A. Hess, Salt Lake Citv, Utah Denver Nurseries, Denver, Colo. Frank Brown & Son Co., Paynesville, Minn. Elm Brook Farm Co., Hallowell. Me. A. G. Swanson, Maimisburg, Ohio T. Siniff, Carthon, Ohio . Wells, Topeka, Kansas . Sharp, Delavan, Wisconsin CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 940 MAIN STREET, HIGGANUM, CONN. Mitchell, Lewis & Staver Co., Western Agents, Portland, Oregon OUR BOOKLET When the Going is Hard Contains information that is well worth your time to read. The discussion on “‘A Wheel with One Spoke’’ is worth DOLLARS to you. We tell you why a wooden wheel is dished, which is something many wagon manufacturers do not know. There are about twenty-five other articles just as interesting. Increase Value of Your Orchard Lying above irrigation ditches. Pu:np a big sup- ply of water to any height with Rife Rams without expense or bother. DAVENPORT ROLLER-BEARING STEEL FARM WAGON Modern Wagon There are many reasons why the DAVENPORT is the wagon for the farmer today. Among these are: 30% to:.50% Lighter Draft, Increased Carrying Capacity, Does Not Carry Mud, No Repair Bills, No Tires to Reset,and Many, Many More. Better Investigate. Write for the booklet and also for our Package No. 22. Both sent FRE”. DAVENPORT WAGON COMPANY Davenport, Iowa Pump water. - Raise water 30 feet for every “ foot of fall. Pump automat- automatically ically—winter and summer. Fully guaranteed. day and night If there is a stream, pond or spring within a mile, write for plans, book and trial offer, Free. RIFE ENGINE CO., 2525 Trinity Building, New York ey, THE ROLLER BEARING WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 98 per day $20 Will Pay for Itself in Less Than Three Weeks. “King , of the Woods” Neat, Compact, Sim- ple, Strong, Light, Durable The 4 h. p. Waterloo Boy engine is a separ- ate unit. Can be re-} moved at any time f and put to a hundred! a BETTER FRUIT Earning Capacity Operated by One Man, A Drag Saw Will saw 20 to 40 cords of \wood per day at a cost of $1. PULLS ITSELF \, up hiil or down. Costs , 15 per cent less than other makes not as good. There’s more you ought to know. Our catalog con- tains complete description and > prices: sent FREE with tes- timonials from enthusiastic users. ASK FoR CATALOG C 5 Reierson Machinery Co. PORTLAND, OREGON SOLE MANUFACTURERS Seeds 188 Front Street THE KIND YOU CAN’T KEEP IN THE GROUND They grow, and are true to name Write for prices on your wants J. J. BUTZER Portland, Oregon Poultry Supplies, Spray, Spray Materials, Fruit Trees, Etc. NORTHWEST GROWERS’ UNIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS E publish free in this column the name of any fruit growers’ organ- ization. Secretaries are requested to furnish particulars for publication. Oregon Eugene Fruit Growers’ Association, Eugene; Ashland Fruit and Produce Association, Ashland; Hood River Fruit Growers’ Union, Hood River; Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, Hood River; Grand Ronde Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, La Grande; Milton Fruit Growers’ Union, Milton; Douglas County Fruit Growers’ Association, Rose- burg; Willamette Valley Prune Association, Salem; Mosier Fruit Growers’ Association, Mosier; The Dalles Fruit Growers’ Union, The Dalles; Salem Fruit Union, Salem; Albany Fruit Growers’ Union, Albany; Coos Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Marshfield; Estacada Fruit Growers’ Association, Estacada; Umpqua Valley Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Myrtle Creek; Hyland Fruit Growers of Yamhill County, Sheridan; Newburg Apple Grow- ers’ Association, Newberg; Dufur Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Dufur; McMinnville Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, McMinnville; Coquille Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Myrtle Point; Stanfield Fruit Growers’ Association, Stanfield; Oregon City Fruit and Produce Association, Oregon City; Lin- coln County Fruit Growers’ Union, Toledo; Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association, Medford; Mount Hood Fruit Growers’ Association, Sandy; Northeast Gaston Farmers’ Association, Forest Grove; Dallas Fruit Growers’ Association, Dallas; Northwest Fruit Exchange, Portland; Springbrook Fruit Growers’ Union, Springbrook. Washington Kennewick Fruit Growers’ Association, Kenne- wick; Wenatchee Fruit Growers’ Union, Wenat- chee; Puyallup and Sumner Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Puyallup; Vashon Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Vashon; Mt. Vernon Fruit Growers’ Association, Mt. Vernon; White Salmon Fruit Growers’ Union, White Salmon; Thurston County Fruit Growers’ Union, Tumwater; Bay Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Tacoma; Whatcom County Fruit Growers’ Association, Curtis; Yakima Valley Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Granger; Buckley Fruit Growers’ Association, Buckley; Lewis River Fruit Growers’ Union, Woodland; Yakima County Horticultural Union, North Yakima; Evergreen Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, R8, Spokane; White River Valley Fruit and Berry Growers’ Association, Kent; Spokane Highland Fruit Growers’ Association, Shannon; Lake Chelan Fruit Growers’ Association, Chelan; Zillah Fruit Growers’ Association, Toppenish; Kiona Fruit Growers’ Union, Kiona; Mason County Fruit Growers’ Association, Shelton; Clarkston Fruit Growers’ Association, Clarkston; Prosser Fruit Growers’ Association, Prosser; Walla Walla Fruit and Vegetable Union, Walla Walla; The Ridgefield Fruit Growers’ Association, Ridgefield; The Felida Prune Growers’ Associa- tion, Vancouver; Grand View Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Grandview; Spokane Valley Fruit Growers’ Company, Spokane; Goldendale Apple Growers’ Union, Goldendale; Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, North Yakima; Southwest Washington Fruit Growers’ Association, Chehalis; The Touchet Valley Fruit and Produce Union, Dayton; Lewis County Fruit Growers’ Association, Centralia; The Green Bluffs Fruit Growers’ Association, Mead; Garfield Fruit Growers’ Union, Garfield. Idaho Southern Idaho Fruit Shippers’ Association, Boise; New Plymouth Fruit Growers’ Association, New Plymouth; Payette Valley Apple Growers’ Union, Payette; Parma-Roswell Fruit Growers’ Association, Parma; Weiser Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Weiser; Council Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Council; Nampa Fruit Growers’ Association, Nampa; Lewiston Orchard Producers’ Association, Lewiston; Boise Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Boise; Caldwell Fruit Growers’ Association, Caldwell; Emmett Fruit Growers’ Association, Emmett; Twin Falls Fruit Growers’ Association, Twin Falls; Weiser River Fruit Growers‘ Association, Weiser. Colorado San Juan Fruit and Produce Growers’ Asso- ciation, Durango; Fremont County Fruit Growers’ Association, Canon City; Rocky Ford Melon Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Plateau and Debeque Fruit, Honey and Produce Association, Debeque; The Producers’ Association, Debeque; Surface Creek Fruit Growers’ Association, Austin; Longmont Produce Exchange, Longmont; Manza- nola Fruit Association, Manzanola; Delta County Fruit Growers’ Association, Delta; Boulder County Fruit Growers’ Association, Boulder; Fort Collins Beet Growers’ Association, Fort Collins; La Junta Melon and Produce Company, La Junta; Rifle Fruit and Produce Association, Rifle; North Fork Fruit Growers’ Association, Paonia; Fruita Fruit WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT July The HighCost of Living Can be materially reduced by planting an assortment of trees and berries for home use. Why buy your fruit and ber- ries when you can raise them yourself and enjoy the luxury of having them freshly picked? There is hardly a farm garden or city lot where space cannot be found for these, greatly enhanc- ing the value of the property and adding to the enjoyment of life. Our large catalog is free for the asking. It’s a beauty and should be in every home. Toppenish Washington More Salesmen wanted. and Produce Association, Fruita; ind ‘ Dy Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, Clifton, Palisade, Grand Junction; Palisade Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Palisade; Peach Growers’ Association, Pal- isade; Colorado Fruit and Commercial Company, Grand Junction; Montrose Fruit and Produce Association, Montrose; Hotchkiss Fruit Growers’ Association, Hotchkiss; Paonia Fruit Exchange, Paonia; Colorado Fruit Growers’ Association, Delta; Crawford Fruit Growers’ Association, Craw- fords Manzanola Fruit Growers’ Association, Man- zanola. Montana sitter Root Fruit Growers’ Association, Hamilton. Utah _Farmers and Fruit Growers’ Forwarding Asso- ciation, Centerville; Ogden Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Ogden; Brigham City Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Brigham City; Utah County Fruit & Produce Association, Provo; Willard Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Willard; Excelsior Fruit & Prod- uce Association, Clearfield (Postoffice Layton R. IF. D.); Centerville Fruit Growers’ Association, Centerville; Bear River Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Bear River City; Springville Fruit Growers’ Association, Springville; Cache Valley Iruit Growers’ Association, Wellsville; Green River Fruit Gorwers’ Association, Green River. British Columbia British Columbia Fruit Growers’ Association, R. M. Winslow, secretary, Victoria; Wictoria Fruit Growers’ Exchange, J. W. Dilworth, secretary, Victoria; Hammond Fruit Growers’ Union, Baker, secretary, Hammond; Hatzic Fruit Growers’ Association, A. E. Catchpole, secretary, Hatzic; Western Fruit Growers’ Association, A. M. Ver- chere, secretary, Mission; Mission Fruit Growers’ Association, *. Abbott, secretary, Mission; Salmon Arm Farmers’ Exchange, L. B. Pangman, managing director, Salmon Arm; Armstrong Fruit Growers’ Association, W. F. Brett, secretary, Arm- strong; Okanogan Fruit Union, Limited, L. J. Garroway, secretary, Vernon; Kelowna Farmers’ Exchange, Limited, B. McDonald, secretary, Kelowna; Summerland Fruit Growers’ Association, D. H. Watson, secretary, Summerland; Kootenay Fruit Growers’ Union, Limited, J. K. Beeston, secretary, Nelson; Grand Forks Fruit Growers’ Association, James Rooke, manager, Grand Forks; Boswell-Kootenay Lake Union, R. T. Hicks, secre- tary, Boswell; Queens Bay Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, FI’. Atree, secretary, Queens Bay; Kaslo Horticultural Association, A. F. Burgee, secretary, Kaslo; Creston Fruit and Produce Exchange, J. Blinco, secretary, Creston. BETTER FRUIT TQI1 Page 99 “’The Edgemont Lid Press 99 FOR SEASON OF 1911 with New Improvements Write H. PLATT & SONS, Como, Montana The Nearest Approach to Sunlight —and the easiest on the eyes—Acetylene. Far and costs less than lamp light. The Jenne Pit Acetylene Generator will furnish the average house with perfect light for six months without atten- tion during that time. Our 100-pound generator can be recharged by one man in less than 30 minutes. YOU CAN COOK WITH ACETYLENE the same as with city gas, by our new system you can acetylene anywhere in your barn, chicken house, etc., by pressing a button. superior to electricity, and light house. simply WN) PIE) OS; ov The Jenne sells for one-half the cost of others of equal capacity. In dura- bility, simplicity, economy, safety, convenience and positive action, we stand head and shoulders above all others. BURIED IN THE GROUND LIKE A CISTERN. It action in all kinds of weather—cannot freeze—absolutely saf of order. Remember, our generator means a permanent improvement increasing the cash value of your house just as a furnace or a new roof would. It is not an expense, but an investment, and will last for one hundred years or more. If you wish, you can make yours cost you nothing by being the first purchaser in your neigh- borhood, and making a sufficient number of sales to reimburse: you for the purchase price. One Jenne Pit Acetylene Generator always sells others. is automatic in Full information cheerfully furnished relative to entire cost of lighting your house and adjoining buildings. Write for our free booklets, “Sunlight on Tap” and “Health Light for Homes.” They are free. THE DWIGHT CoO. 105-109 YEON BUILDING PORTLAND, OREGON RHODES DOUBLE CUT / PRUNING SHEAR made that cuts from both sides of the limb and does not bruise the bark. Made in all styles and sizes. We pay Express charges on all orders. White for circular and plices. yigGIN APPLE:ORCHARDS me 2, 1903. RHODES MFG. CO. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. AL oe ESS Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Other lands $350, on long time and easy payments, buys PAY BIG a ten-acre apple orchard tract in the beautiful $15 per acre and up. Write for beautiful PROFI I S booklets and excursion rates. a pay rs F. H.LaBaume, Agricultural Agent N. & W. Ry., Box 2076, Roanoke, Virginia WILEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Stranahan & Clark DEALERS IN Commercial Fertilizers Land Plaster, Lime Plaster Paris, Cement Building Plasters HOOD RIVER, OREGON VEHICLES AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS THE BEST OF ORCHARD AND GARDEN TOOLS A SPECIALTY GILBERT - VAUGHAN IMPLEMENT CoO. HOOD RIVER, OREGON HEADQUARTERS FOR CENTURY SPRAY PUMPS Hose, Nozzles, First- class Plumbing Supplies C.F. SUMNER Successor to Norton & Smith HOOD RIVER, OREGON »PUMPS WATER for your Home, your Stock, or for Irrigation, | without care or adjustment. No springs; no weights. Does not even have to be oiled, The Phillips Hydraulic Ram—Simple in con- struction—nothing to get out of order. Pumps alaree amount of water to a low heightora | small amount to a greater height. Re- #} quires no attention afterit is started. Write forfurther information. State how much water you have, the ‘) amount of fall, etc. ARam will save you money. Page 00 BETTER FRUIT CREATIGS The tone is the Jewel. The case is the Setting. The combination is the Steinway—the Perfect Piano. E who is blessed with the power to create is blessed with God's greatest giff to man, and if he uses that power to increase the happiness of his fellow men he becomes a bene- factor to the human race. The world owes homage to the men who have devoted their burning energies to the consumma- tion of one purpose, to the final and most perfect development of an ideal. The Steinway Piano Is an example of the grand result of years of persistent, purposeful striving after the very highest musical ideal. Sons have taken up the task where fathers left off, so that alternate generations of genius, working through the finest piano factory in the world, have evolved the Steinway—a piano that has long since been acknowledged the musical masterpiece of the ages. Priced at $575, $625, $775 and up to $1,600. Of course you can buy a piano cheaper, but it will be a cheaper piano. Why not get the best? VICTOR TALKING MACHINES and SHEET MUSIC SIXTH AND MORRISON PORTLAND, OREGON Exclusive Steinway Representatives FRUIT GROWERS, YOUR ATTENTION! Royal Ann, Bing and Lambert cherry trees; Spitzenberg and Newtown apple trees; Bartlett, Anjou and Comice pears, and other varieties of fruit trees. A. HOLADAY MONTE VISTA NURSERY SCAPPOOSE, OREGON July Use KEROSENE Engine FREE! Amazing “DETROIT” Kero. sene Engine shipped on 15 days’ FREE Trial, proves kerosene cheapest, safest. most powerful fuel. If satisfied, pay lowest price ever given on reliable farm engine; if not, pay nothing. . . Gasoline Going Up! Automobile owners are burning up so much gaso- line that the world’ssupply is running short. Gasoline is 9c to lic higher than coal oil. Still going up. Two pints of coal oil do work of three pints gasoline. No waste, no evaporation, no “a explosion from coal oil. ae Amazing “DETROIT” The “DETROIT” is the only engine that handles coal oil successfully; uses alcohol, gasoline and benzine, too. Starts without cranking. Basic patent—only three moving parts—no cams—no sprockets-——no gears—no valyes—the utmost insimplicity, power and strength. Mounted on skids. All sizes, 2 to 20h p . in stock ready to ship Complete engine tested just before crating. Comes allready to run. Pumps, saws, threshes, churns, separates milk, grinds feed, shells corn, runs home elcctric-lighting plant. Prices (stripped), $29.50 up. aaent any placeon 15 days’ Free Trial. Don’t buy an engine il you investigate amazing, money-saving. Ow er-savin, “DETROIT.” Thousands in use. Costs only ee to find out If youare firstin your neighborhood to write, we will allow you Special Extra-Low Introductory price. Wcitel Detroit Engine Works. 507 Bellevue Ave.. Detroit. Mick, CAMPBELL SUB-SURFACE PACKERS We are the sole @& ZB manufacturers WS GB of this famous Sub-Surface Packer the only one that you have heard everyone talk- | ing about. | rainfall—the salvation of semi-arid regions. Made in Three Sizes, with to, 16 and 24 wheels, is heavy and strong, and the frame is made to carry all the extra weight required, Write for Catalog No. V . Parlin & Orendorff Co., CANTON, ILL. ~ We Own and Have for Sale 1000 Acres The A. C. a Bohrnstedt Co. SS 917 Andrus Building Minneapolis, Minn. Gentlemen: Please send me your 24 Willamette Valley Orchard Homes — a booklet. I have about $......... to invest, Would like about acres. Qe, upwards. of Willamette Valley Non-Irrigated Fruit Land This is being sold in tracts of five, ten and twenty acres and Sees) sooSab=eCeOnS Sx ~ We care for the orchards under the supervision of scien- tific horticulturists until the end of the fifth year development period. SS THE A. C. BOHRNSTEDT COMPANY OX 917 Andrus Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota Branch Offices: 304 U. S. National Bank Building, Ss Salem; Creswell, and Macleay, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQIT BETTER FRUIT Page Lou The PARIS FAIR Hood River's largest and best store DRY GOODS SHOES, CLOTHING Irrigation? ASK PHOENIX LUMBER CO. We are offering some extra SPOKANE, WASH. specials in our Clothing De- partment. Ask to see them ABOUT Cut Over Lands YOU CAN BUY CHEAP Diy a pair of American Lady $3 and $3.50 Shoes, or American Gentleman $3.50 and $4 Shoes Ask the People Using Our Boxes About Quahity and Service WE MAKE EVERYTHING IN FRUIT PACKAGES Multnomah Lumber & Box Co. Jobbers of Pearson Cement-Coated Box Nails Portland, Oregon WITEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Why Bother with BETTER FRUIT Has no peer in the Northwest. And so we have established The Fruit Journal along similar lines in behalf of the great irrigated fruit districts of the Rocky. Mountain region, a com- panion paper to this, your favorite fruit magazine. We have made it up-to-date, clean, high class editorially, mechanically and pictorially. The subscription rate is $1.00 per year. It is worth it. THE INTERMOUNTAIN FRUIT JOURNAL Grand Junction, Colorado Pace ioe | BETTER FRUIT Full l . YEARLING APPLE GRAFTS READY FOR DELIVERY SCIONS FROM BEARIAIG WINES) YEARLING APPLE GRAFTS DUG WITH SPADE SHOWING ENTIRE ROQT SYSTEM DEVELOPED IN 8 MONTAS FROM PLANTING | GRAFTS KEPTIN td MOIST SAWDUST TIL HOME GROWN il | JUNE IST SHOWING ROOTS GROWING APPLE |i AT UPPER i SEEDLINGS {if) SCION | ANDLOWEREND Ih READY PIECE OF PIECE. FOR ROOT ROOT ie Ww 4 ROOT GRAFTS ae a woe | 3 f 2) ag ig ae) be 2 oF i= fi | uf -— ROOT READY vi | h| READY to | pF FOR PLANT | i, SCION Building An Apple Tree We illustrate above some of the steps in the building of the splendid apple trees for which the Washington Nursery Company is famous, showing the tree from its inception as a seedling, through the grafting process and on to the thor- oughly matured, splendidly rooted, finished product which we deliver. Trees like these don’t just “happen.” True, we have excellent soil, months of sunshine, and water at our disposal for irrigating as needed, but none of these would make up for lack of intelligent system from the time the French crab apple seed is planted, from which the root is produced, to the day when the customer receives his trees from our nursery. We grow our own seedlings on clean new ground, using the seed of the hardy French crab, which is agreed to be the best known foundation for apple and crab, thus obtaining stock absolutely free from aphis or disease, such as is some- times found on Eastern grown stock. We obtain our scions direct from the orchardist, who cuts them from his own bearing trees and who guarantees to us that the varieties are true to name. We buy no scions from “jobbers” or professional scion cutters. The grafting is all done in our own building, under our own personal supervision, and is as systematically carried on as the work in a clock factory. The planting, care and cultivation, the maturing, digging, labeling and packing, are all carried on under the same care- ful system, which guarantees to every customer that he shall obtain what he pays for. Behold the result. The bundle of trees shown at the right were carefully dug with spades to obtain all the long, fibrous roots. This required the digging of a hole four feet deep and the careful crumbling away of the earth, but we wanted you to see why we lay claim to such sturdy, healthy stock, and this, we think, is convincing. Those roots start at the top and the bottom of the piece root, as shown on the six small grafts in the center of the picture, and when we finally dig the tree for delivery, as shown in the’ two bundles with the yardstick between, the splendid system of roots which we have developed goes with the tree. Of course we do not attempt to deliver the long mass of roots shown at the right, for the planter could not use them if we did. Our trees are built on honor and we are proud of our record. We want more customers for these good trees, and the see assortment of other good fruits we sell. Our salesmen cover practically every field. If you are overlooked, drop us a line, Washington Nursery Co. TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON SALESMEN EVERYWHERE—MORE WANTED WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ANYTHING IN SHEET STEEL STEEL PIPES SAVE WATER STEEL PIPES SAVE LABOR YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WAIT FOR STEEL PIPES TO “SOAK UP” AND THEY LAST INDEFINITELY WE MANUFACTURE Galvanized Steel Pipe Storage Tanks Galvanized Steel Culverts Pressure Tanks Asphaltum Coated Pipe _. Steel Flumes Columbia Hydraulic Rams COLUMBIA ENGINEERING WORKS, Portland, Oregon Do You Expect to Buy ? Any Trees this Year 6 If so, then let us send you our literature explaining and illustrating our superior trees and how they are grown. You might just as well have PROFITABLE trees on your land as UNPROFITABLE ones. The difference in cost is only slight and the first crop will more than pay the difference. We have letters from customers stating they have picked over half a box of apples per tree on trees planted only two years; and this is not an occasional tree, but runs uniform through hundreds of trees. When you have good fruit land, plant good trees. The fact that we supplied more planters with their trees last year than in any one of the previous forty-four years the OREGON NUR- SERY COMPANY has been furnishing “Nunbetter’’ trees, is some favorable evidence, at least, as to the universal satisfaction ORENCO trees give planters, and this year will be no exception. Having the largest plant—and what is conceded the best equipped plant in the West—you can get all you need from one source. Just remember that the OREGON NURSERY COMPANY, OF ORENCO, ORE- GON, handles the best of everything in the nursery line, and that you will receive full value and courteous treatment when buying of us. Openings for Just a Few Upright _ Industrious Salesmen Oregon Nursery Company ne ORENCO, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT STEINHARDT & KELLY 101 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK The most extensive operators In Figh Class Fruits in the world “Where the Rain and “Within the Shadow of Mighty Mount Hood” Sunshine Meet” There Grow the Finest’and Most Delicious Apples in all the SPIT ZENBUAG Wide, Wide World Purveyors to the most discriminating and exacting clientele, with direct connections in all the leading markets of the United States and Europe put this firm in the position of being able to distribute -the output of the most extensive districts with celerity and dispatch Correspondence will receive the personal attention of a member of the firm WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Bit (ER FRU Votume_ VI ENO IE, IOI ASSOCIATION AND PACKING EDITION Z MONTANA 664 000 70 BUSHELS. MONTANA HAS 30.000.000 ACRES AT THE MONTANA AVERAGE OF 26 800, 000.000 BUSHES “ NuMBER 2 MONTANA 4 FREE HOME OF 320 ACRES Courtesy of the Great Northern PRIZE WINNING EXHIBIT FROM THE GREAT STATE OF MONTANA AT AN EXHIBIT IN THE EAST BETTER FRUIT PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, HOOD RIVER, OREGON Subscription $1.00 per Year in the United States and Canada; Foreign, Including Postage, $1.50 Single Copy 10 Cents Dangerous Fruit Pests are Unknown in the famous BitterRoot Valley on Montana’s Pacific Slope Where the Wormless Apples Grow Smudging Is Unnecessary There has not been a killing frost on the bench lands in the growing season in the history of the Valley. There are no dust storms. Pure water and sunshine 300 days in the year make ideal health conditions. Net profits annually range from $2,000 to $5,000 on a matured apple orchard of only ten acres. Undeveloped land in this remarkable fruit dis- trict can still be bought for less money than is asked in other valleys less perfectly adapted by nature for successful fruit growing. Values now range from $250 to $350 per acre. Developed tracts of ten acres, with contract to cultivate and care for same to five-year maturity, cost only $5,000 if purchased now. Easy terms of payment for both developed and undeveloped land. Detailed information upon request. Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co. First National Bank Building, CHICAGO All the Grand Prizes and All the Gold Medals Given by the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle in 1909 to pumps were awarded to ‘“AMERICA 99 PUMPING MACHINERY “American” single stage cen- trifugal pumps are guaranteed to attain efficiencies of 60 to 80 per cent on total heads up to 125 feet, with an equal increase in head for each additional stage, which makes them the most economical pump made for irriga- tion purposes. ees i om 1 America icon ; : trifugals are made in both horizontal and vertical styles. in any size, in any number of stages, and are equipped with any power. Write for “Efficiency Tests of American Cen- trifugals,” by the most eminent hydraulic engi- neer on the Pacific Coast. Complete cata- logue, No. 104, free. The American Well Works General Office and Works: Aurora, Illinois, U. S. A. Chicago Office: First National Bank Building PACIFIC COAST SALES AGENCIES: 70 FREMONT STREET, SAN FRANCISCO 341 SOUTH LOS ANGELES STREET, LOS ANGELES SECOND AND ASH STREETS, PORTLAND, OREGON 1246 FIRST AVENUE SOUTH, SEATTLE 305 COLUMBIA BUILDING, SPOKANE THE GRAVITY IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF THE SPOKANE VALLEY Has developed the greatest apple and berry district of the West. Nearness to market causes larger net returns than in any other locality. Seventy-two trains daily through the valley. Every modern conven- lence. “Life’s journey is swift; let us live by the way.’ The Spokane Valley has the unique distinction of being the only established apple district’near a big city. Think what that means and investigate. Five thousand contented settlers. Wels, ES J IRRIGATION SWSWEIM EN aE WESD HOMES AND SCHOOL IN THE SPOKANE VALLEY SPOKANE VALLEY IRRIGATED LAND 401 SPRAGUE AVENUE, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQIT BETTER FRUIT Page 3 NORTHWESTERN FRUIT EXCHANGE ORGANIZED JULY 29, 1910 CONTROLLED BY FRUIT GROWERS OF OREGON, WASHINGTON AND IDAHO The banner results that the Exchange secured for its members last year, by reason of the widest and most efficient distribution of Northwestern fruits ever undertaken, is now a matter of history well known to every fruit grower in these three states. Its representation in 1911 includes to date twenty-five different associations and unions, with a visible output of upwards of two thousand cars. Increased facilities for the present season insure the grower even a better quality of service, as the Exchange has established and will MAINTAIN I. Over one hundred branch offices and sales representatives, in every principal market of the United States and Europe, in order to: (a) Develop new and increased demands for Northwestern fruits through scientific sales- manship, effective advertising, and a thorough knowledge of market necessities, supply and possibilities. (b) Possess at all times an accurate idea of trade conditions, and the consumers’ demand in every market, large or small, within the range of adequate transportation service. 2. \ thoroughly equipped sales department to: (a) Promote wide and judicious distribution of cars. (b) Place before its members a condensed and reliable report of daily market conditions throughout the entire country. 3. An efficient traffic department, perfectly equipped, and in position to: (a) Look after the service on every individual car; (b) Select the quickest and cheapest routing; (c) Handle overcharges and other claims in the most intelligent and effective manner. (The Exchange collected and remitted to the growers more than $5,000.00 in con- nection with shipments handled during the 1910 season.) NORTHWESTERN FRUIT EXCHANGE General Offices, Spalding Building, Portland, Oregon President, REGINALD H. PARSONS (President Hillcrest Orchard Co., Vice President, W. N. IRISH (President Yakima County Horticultural Medford, Oregon; Director Rogue River Fruit and Produce Asso- Union) ciation) Treasurer and General Manager, W. F. GWIN (Secretary Kenmar Secretary, C. A. MALBOEUF Orchard Company) WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 4 1B YSO LU WANG @® MeAVR KiKi YaOr Uri FRUIT RIGHT PIENVIANGS) Sis @ W.B. Glafke Co. WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE 108-110 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Mark Levy & Co. COMMISSION MERCHANTS WHOLESALE FRUITS 121-123 FRONT AND 200 WASHINGTON ST. PORTLAND, OREGON T. O'MALLEY CO. COMMISSION MERCHANTS Wholesale Fruits and Produce We make a specialty in Fancy Apples, Pears and Strawberries 130 Front Street, Portland, Oregon BETTER FRUIT W. H. DRYER August W. W. BOLLAM DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT STREET PHONES: MAIN 2348 A 2348 Levy & Spiegl WHOLESALE FRUITS & PRODUCE Commission Merchants SOLICIT YOUR CONSIGNMENTS Top Prices and Prompt Returns PORTLAND, OREGON Richey & Gilbert Co. H. M. Givsert, President and Manager Growers and Shippers of YAKIMA VALLEY FRUITS AND PRODUCE Specialties: Apples, Peaches, .. Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON SGOBE 235-238 West Street Strictly commission house. Exporters of Newtown Pippins to their own representatives in England QUALITY QUALITY QUALITY WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT pears and prunes. L & DAY Established 1869 PORTLAND, OREGON Correspondence Solicited RYAN & VIRDEN CO. BUTTE, MONTANA Branch Houses: Livingston, Bozeman, Billings Montana Pocatello, Idaho Salt Lake City, Utah Wholesale Fruit and Produce We Have Movern CoLp StToRAGE FACILITIES ESSENTIAL FoR HANDLING Your PrRopucts A strong house that gives reliable market reports and prompt cash returns W. F. LARAWAY DOCTOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY EYES LENSES TESTED GROUND Over 30 Years’ Experience Telescopes, Field Glasses Magnifiers to examine scale Hood River ana Glenwood Oregon : Iowa NEW YORK Specialists in apples, 911 BETTER FRUIT oe D. CROSSLEY & SONS Established 1878 APPLES FOR EXPORT California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Florida fruits. Apples handled in all European markets. Checks mailed from our New York office same day apples are sold on the other side. We are not agents; we sell apples. We make a specialty of handling APPLES, PEARS AND PRUNES on the New York and foreign markets. Correspondence solicited. 200 to 204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK INBEV Y OUR IL DW 18, Iss 1? ©) © IL LONDON GIL AS GOW SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. LIVERPOOL and MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS & CO. GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. GLASGOW LONDON J. H. LUTTEN & SON OMER DECUGIS ET FILS HAMBURG PARIS European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS: Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co. Walter Webling John Brown Ira B. Solomon Wm.Clement . D.L. Dick 204 Franklin Street, New York 46 Clinton Street, Boston Brighton, Ontario Canning, Nova Scotia Monteal, Quebec Portland, Maine OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS Irrigation - Drainage - Conservation - Development In whatever way you are trying to get the most out of your land, you like to get all the help you can for the least money. There are and will be in every number of the NATIONAL LAND AND IRRIGATION JOURNAL enough helpful suggestions and items of valuable information about what is being done or tried in your Own section and in other places to cover the subscription price a dozen times. The price is only One Dollar a year. Send it today, in any form your please. NATIONAL LAND AND IRRIGATION JOURNAL 30 SOUTH MARKET STREET CHICAGO, ILLINOIS If you want t Subscrib PR Foi O R E G O N oe ae THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN The Largest Commercial Magazine in the West. Devoted to upbuilding Oregon and the Pacific Northwest SUBSCRIBE NOW, $1.50 PER YEAR ADDRESS THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN DAVID N. MOSESSOHN, Publisher Suite 717 Chamber of Commerce Building, PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 6 BETTER FRUIT August Ship Your APPLES and PEARS to the Purely Commission and Absolutely Reliable House W. DENNIS & SONS LIMITED COVENT GARDEN MARKET i) CUMBERLAND STREET LONDON LIVERPOOL SLOCOM’s| SEATTLE Increased 194 per cent in population, according to Uncle Sam’s last census. This is more than any other | city in the PACIFIC NORTHWEST. BOOK STORE he : WeHINGLON Leads all states of the Union in growth, having Office Supplies increased 120.4 per cent, according to the same authority. Bumpee's Seeds that GTOW 140 VARIETIES ANY QUANTITY Plenty of stock in our 40,000 pounds Growing Plants as season requires All makes high grade Pruning Tools Garden Tools Hose and Spray Nozzles International Stock and Poultry Food International Remedies Incubators and Brooders Everything for Building If you want accurate information about Seattle Stationery and Washington, subscribe for PACIFIC NORTHWEST COMMERCE Ledgers, Journals, Time Books The official publication of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce. Comes monthly, $1.50 a year. Memorandum Books Address : (din Rubber Stamps Everything for Furnishing FACIES MORTENY ESE COUN I SSCIB Stewart Hardware & Furniture Co. Souvenir Postals Picture Frames Suite 842 Central Building 22,000 feet floor space. Hood River, Oregon SEATTLE, WASHINGTON Spitzenbergs & Newtowns From the Hood River Valley, Oregon Took the first prize on carload entry at the Third National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, and Chicago, Illinois, 1910. The Spitzenberg car scored, out of a possible 1,000 points, 997. The Newtown car, out of a possible 990 points, scored 988. The Spitzenberg carload also won the championship carload prize at this show. Can You Beat It? We have got land improved and unim- proved that is growing such fruit and that can grow it. We are agents for the Mount Hood Railroad Company’s logged off lands in Upper Hood River Valley. Many started in a small way; today they are independ- ent. You can begin today. It pays to see 3 us. Send today for large list of Hood W a i]: Baker & Company Hood River River orchard land, improved and unim- Oregon proved, and handsome illustrated booklet. The oldest real estate firm in Hood River. Best apple land our specialty The above picture shows a prize-winning exhibit of Upper Hood River Valley apples at the Hood River Apple Show WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQLI BETTER FRUIT Page 7 Corrugated Paper Its use in your Pear or Apple box will prevent the fruit from getting bruised when being packed or in transit. Corrugated Paper Acts as a Cushion to Your Fruit G. P. READ, 199 Duane Street, New York Write for samples and prices. Send for one of my booklets on Fruit Packing Supplies. IT IS FREE. Branch Office and Factory, Albion, ING YG YAKIMA COUNTY Stanley-Smith Naw oc aon HORTICULTURAL Lumber Co. ompany UNION Wholesale Fruits & Produce North Yakima, Washington WHOLESALE AND RETAIL C. R. Paddock, Manager Spokane, Washington Apples, Pears, Peaches, Cherries L i M B E R We have modern cold stor- Plums, Prunes, Apricots, Grapes and Cantaloupes age facilities essential for the ; : Mixed carloads start about Lath, Shingles, Wood, Ete. handling of your products July 20. Straight carloads in season. Our fruit-is the very best grade; pack guaranteed oY Bh OREGON PROMPT CASH RETURNS We use Revised Economy Code Rehable Market Reports District National Bank ( Economy American National Bank Codes ~ Bakers | Revised Citrus ERNEST M. MERRICK Wholesale Fruit Commission Merchant APPLES A SPECIALTY 937-939 B Street, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. References ; We have been established here for over twenty-two years in one of the best localities in the city. Our facilities are at least equal to any house in the city in our line of business. WE sae KITE IN Ridle . Houldin & Co. APPLES elite eee WE WANT TO REPRESENT THE GROWERS OF BETTER FRUIT. We know that our BETTER METHODS of selling will bring BETTER RESULTS A Trial Solicited All Shipments Receive Personal Attention WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 8 BETTER FRUIT August APPLE, CHERRY ‘TREES “beak peach. | REES MILTON NURSERY COMPANY A. MILLER & SONS, Inc. You cannot afford to take a chance in buying trees to plant for future profit. It requires knowledge, exper- ience and equipment to grow reliable nursery stock. OUR 33 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in growing first-class trees, true to name, for commercial orchards, insures our customers against any risk as to quality and genuineness of stock. Orders are now being booked for fall delivery 1911. Catalog and price list free for the asking. Address all communications to MILTON NURSERY COMPANY, Milton, Oregon ORCHARD YARN For methods and advantages in using Orchard Yarn read the first article in December issue of “Better Fruit’? by a world expert. Tarred Orchard Yarn is used by the foremost growers in all sections. Natural, practical, economical method of supporting heavily laden trees instead of props. Makes culti- vation easier and does not chafe the limbs. Testimony: More Yarn sold last year than all previous years combined. Sold by all dealers. Manufactured and sold by THE PORTLAND CORDAGE COMPANY PORTLAND, OREGON SEATTLE, WASHINGTON OPPORTUNI I SEE CREAM SOR aiEihivinyavele. In the Spokane Valley, Washington THE KIND OF IRRIGATED FRUIT LAND THAT MEANS BIG PROFITS FOR YOU OPPORTUNITY has not only proven itself one of the finest orchard projects in the Northwest, but is the ideal place for the home-builder. Its proximity to the city of Spokane, three miles distant, splendid market facilities, steam and electric lines, churches, schools, electric lights, telephone service, water under pressure for domestic use, and the irrigation water carried to highest point on each tract, gives the pur- chaser all the conveniences of the city and the com- forts of the country. GET THE FACTS—WRITE FOR BOOKLET Modern Irrigation and Land Company A PRODUCING ORCHARD AT OPPORTUNITY, WASHINGTON 326 First Avenue SPOKANE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ie BETTER FRUIT Page 9 Nine Kimball Cultivators in operation on property of Dufur Orchard Company, Dufur, Oregon, owned by the Churchill-Matthews Company, 510 Spalding Building, Portland, Oregon. This company is using at this time thirty-five Kimball Cultivators on their Dufur, Sheridan, Drain and Cottage Grove properties. This speaks volumes for home-produced machinery. Why go East for yours? The Kimball Cultivator Great Weeds and Fern Exterminator Hood River, Oregon, Feb. 26, 1910. W. A. Johnston, The Dalles, Oregon. Dear Sir: I use three “Kimball Culti- vators” in my orchard. There is nothing better as a weeder, dust mulcher, or to stir the soil. Yours truly, Deel Shepard Editor Better Fria. Ninety per cent Hood River Orchardists use this machine. Send for illustrated descriptive booklet. RETAIL PRICE SCHEDULE No. 4—4¥% feet, 6 blades, weight complete 70 lbs... .$13.50 No. 11—12 feet, 15 blades, weight complete 185 lbs. .$30.00 No. 5—5l4 feet, 7 blades, weight complete 85 lbs.... 15.00 No. 13—One 8¥4 and one 9 feet, 23 blades, gangs, No. 6—6 feet, 8 blades, weight complete 100 lbs..... 17.50 fullyeriesed) sweightis00) lS erp. eee eo: 47.50 No. 7—7 feet, 9 blades, weight complete 115 lbs..... 18.50 Extra Frames $1.00 per foot; weight 10 Ibs. per foot. No, 8—8¥ feet, 11 blades, weight complete 125 lbs.. 20.00 No. 9—10 feet, 13 blades, weight complete 140 lbs... 25.00 No. 10—12 feet, 10 blades, open center, weight com- Extra Blades $1.50 each; weight 5 lbs. each. TERMS: Cash with order, except to dealers with estab- DICEERAGO MIDS: arene) tore er re UE Mince Ate 22.50 lished credit. All quotations f.o.b. The Dalles, Oregon. W. A. JOHNSTON, Manufacturer Long Distance Phone, Red 991 Office and Factory, 422 East Third Street, The Dalles, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 10 BETTER FRUIT August White Salmon Orchard Lands 801—10 acres or anG land, only 24% miles from White Salmon; red shot soil; fine view of oun Hood and Columbia River. Price only $100 per acre if sold this month. Terms, half cash, balance 3 years, 7 per cent. 803—20 acres 2 oie out; spring water, red shot soil, fir timber suitable for cordwood; fine view of mountains and Colum- bia River. Price $2,500; half cash, balance 3 years, 7 per cent. 809—14 acres in 4 and 6-year-old Spitzenberg, Yellow Newtown, Ortley and Jonathan apples (all commercial); also a few cherries, pears, etc., for family use; 250 peach trees just coming into bearing; 4-room house, large fireplace; on county road 4 miles out; railway station only 3% miles; fine view of Mount Hood from porch of house. Present price only $9,500. Terms, $2,500 cash, balance 1, 3 and 5 years, 7 per cent. 810—160 acres raw land 18 miles out; spring water for irrigation; 4 acres in 4-year-old apple trees; house, barn, etc.; three good springs on place; fine orchard land. Quick sale $40 an acre. If interested in raw or improved orchard lands in any size tract, write us for our complete list. H. W. DAY REALTY CO., White Salmon, Washington PMOL S) lee ANC IsllS PRUNES 2 n ino) 2} WHITE SALMON VALLEY cccomumry |§ 2 OPPORTUNITY s = Located across the Columbia River from Hood River, Oregon, the White Salmon Valley offers Z (x) the greatest opportunities of any land on earth to fruit growers. 2 Z WHERE APPLES, CHERRIES, PEACHES, PEARS, PRUNES AND STRAWBERRIES Ps) GROW TO PERFECTION 2) NY A few dollars invested in fruit land today will return to you in a very few years sixty-fold. me Z The SOIL, CLIMATE, WATER and SCENERY are unsurpassed by that of any country. S =i | We have bargains in orchard lands in and near White Salmon, also large and small bodies of | 4 c,| timber land, cheap. WRITE US FOR DESCRIPTIVE MATTER AND PRICES = >| ESTES REALTY & INVESTMENT CO. White Salmon, Washington | © as) — ep BERRIES CHERRIES STRAWBERRIES Niwas The Old Reliable | | THINGS. WE ARE || FRUIT Twenty-three years in busi- and durable. ness. Twelve thousand dollars KNOX HATS Better: Eatin: more business last year than any ALFRED BENJAMIN & CO.’S subscribers CLOTHING demand the previous year. ie A : : DR. JAEGER UNDERWEAR Better Box.” reputation to sustain. P ? DR. peer aai ean MESH CAN MAKE TWO CARLOADS DAILY The Albany Nurseries | | p:xrsenirowwes Groves Washington Mill C (INCORPORATED) : as ing on 1 0. Bigger and better than ever Buffum & Pendleton Wholesale Manufacturers ‘ A few more salesmen wanted 311 Morrison St., Portland, Oregon Spokane, Washington FRUIT LAND In tracts of 5 to 10 acres each. Some cleared, some Mosier Fruit Growers Association APPLES 66 Fancy aire ia A partly cleared; some all timbered and some planted oe) to commercial orchards, at surprisingly low prices PRUNES Fancy Pack and on easiest terms. They are in the heart of a rapidly developing fruit section adjoining good rail- PLUMS O alit A le way town in the valley. Here is a chance to buy u S good land cheap. We will plant it for you if you CHERRIES aS » > Pie wish. Write for particulars. PEACHES a Specialty OREGON APPLE ORCHARDS CO. PEARS 432 Chamber of Commerce Building, Portland, Oregon MOSIER, OREGON Eastern office, Bloomington, Illinois WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 11 Let George Do It! is a slogan that spells defeat for any fruit grower so far as marketing goes. “George’ may be a good fellow and all that, but—you know business is business. On a basis of results—cold dollars and cents—we invite you to compare the service we have to offer with any other. Mind you, we didn’t break into the Western fruit deal yesterday, but members of our firm and men on our staff have literally camped on the north side of snow banks in reach- ing certain sparsely settled valleys some years ago that are today garden spots, and what is more, people there stick to us as sales agents year after year. We're open for accounts and quotations. Gibson Fruit Company P. S—We make a specialty of Western Box Apples. BRUIT GRADER Grade Your Apples with Mechanical Accuracy Absolutely Without Bruising This is impossible with hand labor, but anyone can do it with the Schellenger Fruit Grading Machine This is truly an age of wonders and the solving of the fruit grading problems marks a new epoch in the fruit industry. This machine does the work of nine (9) experienced hand sorters, but with far greater accuracy and absolutely without bruising. It weighs but 150 pounds and is arranged to be run by hand or power as desired. So perfect are the details worked out that but one person is required to operate the machine and do all the color and blemish sorting, with time to spare. This machine was demonstrated before the Utah State Horticultural Convention, held at Brigham City February 16 and 17, 1911, and received the unqualified endorsement of every grower there. The Utah State Horticultural Inspector, also Secretary of the Utah State Horticultural Society, wrote us, saying: : “I know of no single invention which could be of more practical service to the fruit grower. Your machine handles the fruit with considerable less bruising than would hand grading and does it at one- fourth the cost, to say nothing of the less space and greater convenience which the machine would give in the packing house. I do not think there is a grower in the West with over two acres of orchard who can afford to be without one.” Schellenger Fruit Grading Machine Company, (Incorporated) AGENTS WANTED 635-637 South 4th West Street, Salt Lake City, Utah WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 12 BETTER FRUIT August ROCUERIVERFRUIT AND PRODUCE ASSOCIATION, ne R. C. WASHBURN, President; C. E.. WHISTLER, Vice-President; C. C. SCOTT, Secretary-Treasurer K. S. MILLER, Manager Main Office, MEDFORD, OREGON MODERN ECONOMY CODE TWELVE SHIPPING STATIONS NEWTOWN, “the Autocrat of the Breakfast Table” Apples | JONATHAN, BEN DAVIS, SPITZENBERG BARTLETT, HOWELL, ANJOU Pears | WINTER NELIS, BOSC, COMICE > ¢ The World’s Finest, Richest Fl “Red Triangle” Rogue River Fruit Lereecnicernaa Peck Guaianteed Two Brands 1 “Blue Triangle” $$$ $ $ $5 3 ae Dollars and Dollars and Dollars Yes, that is what our Shrubbery and Fruit Trees yield to our customers. Our Ornamental Trees and Shrubbery enable our customers to inhabit the most beautiful spots on earth. If interested, call our salesman or write us. ALWAYS ROOM FOR ONE MORE SALESMAN Capital City Nursery Company 413-416 U.S. National Bank Building, SALEM, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQIT BETTER FRUIT Page . 13 The Cylcone Apple Packer 2o"2e=-" Is without exception the best machine on the market in the packer line, and is a great boon to all fruit growers. This machine is patented and is built here, under the supervision of wide-awake growers. It does not injure fruits or other products that require careful packing. A boy can do more work on this machine than a man can on any other. THE NEW COMPRESSION LEVER A FEATURE This packer is eesjened to obviate the well known faults of other style ‘i APPL machines. With the old style machine it is necessary for the operator to A place the compression arms in position before tightening the covers. The Cyclone does away with this fault, by the operator merely pressing his foot on the compression lever, which immediatel y brings the arms to the proper position, besides adjusting the covers even with the ends of box. By the use of the patented friction clutch the arms can be set at any desired posi- tion, and instantly released by pressing the release lever, which brings the arms back to place. \or dy ie 3 a KICKERS 6 STEEL CONSTRUCTION The all-steel construction of this machine insures lightness and dura- bility. The compression arms are positive in operation, by means of the guides which hold them in the slides, as is shown by Figure 1. Attention is called to wide space on the arms, which gives plenty of room for nailing and cleats. The heavy release spring, as shown by Figure 2, is sufficiently strong when released to bring all parts back to place. Figure 3 shows the connecting link, which is bolted to the connecting bars, and to these bars are bolted. the compression arms, and by this attachment any unevenness in the pack is overcome and guarantees bringing the covers securely down on the box. Figure 4 shows the foot lever, which is conveniently bolted to the machine. The friction clutch (Figure 5) is so arranged that any pressure on the foot lever immediately expands the spring, and thus tightens on the lever, holding it at any desired position. Figure 6 shows the release lever, which is bolted close to the foot lever, making both easily operated with one foot. The machines are sold under a positive guarantee to give satisfaction Try one. WELLS & MORRIS The Cyclone has made good where other presses have failed. It is perfection in every detail. WENATCHEE, WASHINGTON The Modern Fruit Packer $1460 IN APPLE PRIZES Grafted Walnut Trees We do not grow regular nursery stock, but make and Bigger Premiums in Every Fruit Class at the SPOKANE INTERSTATE FAIR OctoberOna to sta, 191! a specialty of first-class grafted Walnut Trees. While we are growing and grafting our own trees for our 250-acre tract, we decided to grow some trees for sale. In doing so we believe we are offering the very best trees that can be bought at any price. Vroo- man Franquettes grafted on Royal Hybrid and California Black roots. Special $100 Prizes for Irrigated and Our supply has never been equal to the demand, Non-Irrigated Displays. Additional Awards to More Important Varieties. so 1f you want to be sure and have your order filled, order early. Ferd Groner Rose Mound Farm HILLSBORO, OREGON ONLY APPLE SHOW IN SPOKANE THIS YEAR Write for Premium List to ROBERT H. COSGROVE, Manager SPOKANE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page I4 We invite inquiries from IPPOS/OSCUYES ISUVESIrs Ol Catalogs Folders and AdVer lism Matter of All Kinds. Faeil ities the best EON; aS and COMPANY PORTLAN > POrinters OREGON 20thCentury Grader The Light-Weight Wonder—600 Pounds Will make your ditches— level your land—grade roads, throw up borders at a third usual expense. It’s the Many Purpose Machine—the Irrigationist’s best investment—the handy tool which you will find use for every day in the year—thousands in use. Our new catalog full of pictures of the machine at work, shows how it will save you money. Send post card for it, name of nearest agent and distributing point. BAKER MANUFACTURING CO. 542 Hunter Building, Chicogo, Illinois BETTER FRUIT 2 Yi oF SS $G.US DAT OFF Spray Your Fruit for Codling Moth with Grasselli Arsenate of Lead IT IS THE BEST We are now ready to demonstrate the correct- ness of our statement from a practical standpoint. We give you the following names and addresses of the winners of the Grand Sweepstakes prize of $1,000 for the best car of apples shown at the National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington: 1908—M. Horan, Wenatchee, Washington. 1909—Tronson & Guthrie, Eagle Point, Oregon. 1910—C. H. Sproat, Hood River, Oregon. All sprayed with Grasselli Arsenate of Lead. Bear in mind that this material was used at three different points, and during three different seasons. Does this not demonstrate to your satisfaction the superiority of Grasselli Arsenate of Lead, both as to locality and climate in which it may be used? If so, it will not be necessary to ask yourself the question, “What Arsenate of Lead shall I use this season?’ You will order Grasselli Brand. Do not buy Arsenate of Lead on arsenic contents alone. Bear in mind when buying this spray that lead should be given equal consideration with arsenic, because it increases the adhesive properties and reduces to a minimum foliage injury. DISTRIBUTERS IN THE NORTHWEST: Inland Seed Co., Spokane, Washington Hardie Manufacturing Co., Portland, Oregon Samuel Loney & Co., Walla Walla, Washington Missoula Drug Co., Missoula, Montana Western Hardware & Implement Co., Lewiston, Idaho Salem Fruit Union, Salem, Oregon Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, Hood River, Oregon C. J. Sinsel, Boise, Idaho Yakima County Horticulturists’ Union, North Yakima, Washington Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co., Twin Falls, Idaho Rogue River Fruit and Produce Ass’n, Medford, Oregon And in all consuming districts. WRITE THE ABOVE, OR H. N. LYON, Northwestern Representative 505 Concord Building, Portland, Oregon, for name of nearest distributor THE GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO. Established 1839 Main Office, Cleveland, Ohio St Pauly Minnesotas. 4.42. ee 172 and 174 East Fifth Street Chicagowe illinois.) - ae na cocaine eersexs 2235 Union Court New; eYion ku Gityir miecrteicite nea cio ce ace srere toe 60 Wall Street StellvonisseVMnssouniee eerie ere tee 112 Ferry Street NewsOrleans eouisianal eee ee Godchaux Building (Greenman, OW. scscossoceeceso Pearl and Eggleston Streets Birmingham abamear eerie relies 825 Woodward Building DetroiPeVichigane eer rr Atwater and Randolph Streets WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT August IQII W. E. BIGALOW, President REFERENCES: The First National Bank, Cleveland All Commercial Agencies The Produce Reporter Company Any reliable house in our line in the United States Commission Merchants BETTER FRUIT Capital and Surplus $75,000.00 Established 1883 Page 15 H. J. BIGALOW, Secretary and Treasurer SOME OF OUR SHIPPERS—REFERENCES: The The The The The The The California Growers’ Exchange, Los Angeles, Cal. California Fruit Distributors. Earl Fruit Company. Pioneer Fruit Company. Producers’ Fruit Company, Sacramento, Cal. Stewart Fruit Company, San Francisco, Cal. Atwood Grape Fruit Company, Manavista, Fla. The Georgia Fruit Exchange, Atlanta, Ga. The Florida Citrus Exchange, Tampa, Fla. Crutchfield & Woolfolk, Pittsburg and Chicago. Redlands Golden Orange Association, Redlands, Cal. Fobbers and Wholesalers CLEVELAND, OHIO mae, Pius, Princes, Pears, Oranges, Lemons We have the largest and best trade in the Cleveland territory; our facilities are unsurpassed We have had years of experience in handling box apples and fancy fruits We solicit your correspondence and shipments THIS VESSEL IS INDORSED BY HORTICULTURAL COLLEGES, FRUIT ASSOCIATIONS AND GROWERS. You cannot afford to be without them. Each one will pay for itself many times in saving your crop. 1911 Vessels equipped with non-shrinkable canvas bottoms, improved fasten- ings and shoulder strap complete. Saves money by preventing bruising fruit in handling from tree to box. Saves time by being quick to operate and leaving both hands free to gather with. Money saved is money made. Especially designed for apples, pears, peaches, oranges, lemons and tomatoes. Can be used to great advantage in gathering cherries, plums, prunes and grapes. In handling small fruits, place a piece of wrap- ping paper in the bottom. The canvas bottom slides under- neath the paper and delivers the fruit on your packing table without the slightest injury. This Vessel is an oblong metal pail, black japanned, larger at the bottom than top, equipped with canvas bottom which slides from underneath the fruit, simply laying it on the bottom of the box, or where desired, without disturbing the fruit, the bell-shaped pail lifting off without injuring the fruit in any way. The Vessel holds one- half bushel or half box of apples, and in emptying the second time the canvas bottom eases the fruit in the Vessel on that in the box without bruising or scratching, which is practically impossible with the wood or metal bottom pail. Tf your hard- ware dealer or association haven’t this Vessel in stock, order direct from factory. Trade price list furnished merchants and agents by Wheeling Corrugating Company, Wheeling. W. Va., upon application. Address all orders to factory. All goods shipped direct from factory. Manufactured and Distributed by WHEELING CORRUGATING COMPANY Wheeling, West Virginia For J. H. OGBURN, Patentee, Wenatchee, Washington Took first prize and gold medal at National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, November 14 to 19, 1910. Agents and Distributors: Wells & Morris, distributors for Wenatchee, Washington, and vicinity; Larsen Hardware Co., distributors for North Yakima, Washington, and vicinity; Holly-Mason Hardware Co., Spokane, Washington; E. A. Franz, Hood River, Oregon; Medford Hardware Co., Medford, Oregon; Ogden Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Ogden, Utah; Denny & Co., Payette, Idaho; Boise Fruit Growers’ Association, Boise, Idaho; Grand Junc- tion Fruit Growers’ Association, Grand Junction, Colorado; North Fork Valley Fruit Association, Paonia, Colorado; Pajaro Valley Mercantile Co., Watsonville, California, and other dealers in every fruit section of the United States. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION Ogburn’s Fruit Gathering Vessels THE LATEST INVENTION pS (SPECIAL ORDER BLANK) WHEELING CORRUGATING COMPANY Wheeling, West Virginia Gentlemen: Please ship me the following order: Bieta Ogburn Fruit Gathering Vessels at $1.50 each, complete, FREIGHT PAID. Ogburn Fruit Gathering Vessels at $1.50 each, complete, BY MAIL OR EX- PRESS PAID. aSeeeeee Extra non-shinkable canvas bottoms with fastenings, 75 cents per set, by prepaid freight or express. NO FREIGHT ORDER RECEIVED FOR LESS THAN ONE Enclosed please find check, draft or money order for $................ DOZEN VESSELS to cover above order. Niantens.es fh oat ee Oe Cea Seu ees seh a eect Write Name and Address Clearly 12% Bnei ety Ore scp te SS imp Oi ma baer eee eoera enna aera er eae eee soosncononnecsaseeosocnteactecctc Neither manufacturer nor patentee are liable for goods after delivery to railway or express company. BETTER FRUIT Page 16 BETTER FRUIT August FREY-WATKINS CO, ING ROCHESTER, NEW YORK JOBBERS OF Fruits and Produce in Straight and Mixed Cars Cold storage at Le Roy and Hilton, New York. Ship your apples to us for sale and storage. Reasonable advances, prompt returns. References: Produce Reporter Company, mercantile agencies, the banks of Rochester Arcadia Irrigated Orchards The Largest Irrigated Orchard Project in the Northwest Arcadia is located twenty-two miles from Spokane. Our soil is rich and deep, entirely free from gravel, rock and alkali. Gravity irrigation, excellent transportation, ideal climate, no dust or sand storms. OUR PLAN: We plant, cultivate, irrigate, spray, prune and care for the orchard for four years. Water free. Real estate taxes paid for five years. Over 4,000 acres is now planted to winter apples. You may remain at your present occupation while your orchard is brought to bearing, or, if desired, move onto the land at once. TERMS: $125.00 first payment secures five acres; $250.00 first payment secures ten acres; balance monthly. Eight years in which to pay for your orchard. Write for literature. ARCADIA ORCHARDS COMPANY, Spokane, Washington Western Pacific Railway The New Transcontinental Highway REACHES a rich agricultural terri- tory hitherto without a railroad. OPENS new markets to the merchant and orchardist and a virgin field to the land-seeker. A one per cent maximum grade, obtained at the cost of millions, makes possible the fastest freight service ever given to California shippers the o, ere machines in the State of Oregow Blast etched cuts LAYER PULLS oualtty which Las never bejore heen obfainable witte PU0cesS exgrayed Pla LES Vviver THEY COST THE SAME AS THE OTHER KIND DAILY through merchandise cars for package freight FROM Boston, New York, Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City FOR all points in Northern and Cen- tral California. For rates and routing instructions, etc., write H. M. ADAMS, F. T. M., Mills Building, San Francisco The New Transcontinental Highway Western Pacific Railway WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 17 ein) OID RY ER nes WE KNOW BY EXPERIENCE For fifteen years we have been the largest developers of orchard lands in the Hood River Valley. More than 300 acres from just-planted to full-bearing are exhibits of our ability to grow profitable orchards. Tell us what you want and we can place you right. We are interested in two large companies which sell land in undeveloped state on installment payments and contract to clear, plant and care for the orchards up to the bearing age. Buyers and agents, get in touch with us. CHARLES R. BONE J. E. MONTGOMERY LAND BROKERS OAK AND THIRD STREETS HOOD RIVER, OREGON The pump you have always gagerentroe™ The Ideal System of Irrigation Saves power and money; utilizes the power; converts power into results; high heads without staging; deep wells, pits and mines. Mechanical per- fection; simple; easily installed; free from wear; faithful and dependable machine. Made in many sizes, 25 gallons per minute to 10,000 gallons per minute. Address Patented June 2, 1903 oun Se Ideal Irrigation Rotary Pump Company Absolutely HENRY BUILDING SEATTLE, WASHINGTON moOORDERS SON CO. GEE PIONEER] BOX, ARPPEE HOUSE OF BALTIMORE Eh GAGE NAYS OF EE SOU EH We represent the leading Pacific Coast shippers, including Mutual Orange Distributors, Stewart Fruit Co., San Joaquin Grape Growers’ Association and others Members National League of Commission Merchants Modern Economy Members International Apple Shippers’ Association Telegraph Codes | Revised Economy Baker’s Cipher ESTABLISHED 1898 M. O. BAKER & CO. Commission Merchants Fruits and Produce 122 Superior Street, TOLEDO, OHIO Apple Headquarters for Toledo,Ohio 227 We othe ancle peonle Don’t take our word for it: write the other dealers here. M. O. BAKER & CO., TOLEDO, OHIO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 18 BETTER FRUIT August LAND BARGAINS IN HOOD RIVER ACRES, $5,500—5'%4 miles from town; 5 acres cleared, fair house, two good springs, fine view of valley and both mountains; red shot soil. Easy terms. ACRES, $8,o00—5 miles from town; 16 acres cleared, 2 acres in trees, balance in clover and alfalfa ; all but one acre first class apple land; splendid view. Easy terms. INCIRIBS) AIT S25 ANE AVCIRIE, i ipping ion, s 5 ; all uncleared, but fine land for apples. Snap. 2 ACRES, $22,000—3 acres 2-year-old, 19 acres in 5-year-old Spitzenbergs, Newtowns and Ortleys. One of the sightliest places in the valley and is in the heart of the apple growing section. Near store and school, etc. Terms. WE HAVE A NUMBER OF SPECIAL BARGAINS IN GINSI DE BUSINESS rin @) ease SURE MONEY-MAKERS J. H. HEILBRONNER & CO. THE RELIABLE DEALERS HEILBRONNER BUILDING HOOD RIVER, OREGON $150,000.00 worth of ORCHARD PROPERTIES were ae by us in the past ninety days. Lots 1 to 43) inclusive, of Mosier View Orchards containing approximately 420 acres, have been sold, and the SECOND DEDICATION, embracing lots 44 to 74, inclusive, is now offered to the public at attractive prices and on easy payments. During the past THREE MONTHS we have sold Mosier View Orchard Tracts to some of the shrewdest buyers and most careful investors from New York, Massachusetts, North Dakota, Texas, Minnesota, Oregon, California, Montana, Washington, Missouri, Ohio and Alaska. Portland people alone purchased over $50,000.00 worth of these ORCHARD PROPERTIES during this period. We plant to a commercial variety of apples these 5 and to-acre tracts, and care for same in a scientific manner for a period of five years, without any cost to the purchaser except the purchase price, which is extremely low. Sunday Excursion trips to MOSIER VIEW ORCHARDS are becoming more popular every week. Call or write to us for our free booklet. Hood River Orchard Land Company 906-907-908-909 Yeon Building, Portland, Oregon DEVLIN & FIREBAUGH, SALES AGENTS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT weber TKR FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING ASSOCIATIONS AND METHOD OF ORGANIZING THEM BY E. H.SHEPARD, EDITOR “BETTER FRUIT,’ HOOD RIVER, OREGON HE production and marketing of H fruit are as essentially different as manufacturing and selling, and in order to do either well requires special ability. Nearly every business naturally divides itself into certain departments, and success is obtained by each depart- ment being handled by an individual both competent and able to concentrate his efforts along that line. For instance, railroads are divided into freight, passen- ger and operating departments with an executive in charge of each. Any large mercantile business employs a buyer and a manager of the sales department. A factory has its superintendent and a man in charge of the sales, recognizing the importance, in fact the necessity, of sep- arating the producing force from the selling force. I cannot see where the fruit industry is different, and I believe I can make the assertion without fear of successful contradiction that growing fruit is an industry and selling fruit a business; each should have a head and be operated separately. I feel positive that every grower who has a large orchard, or a small one with diversified products, will admit that the farm in either case requires practically all of his time. For a manager to successfully market fruit, it is necessary to know daily by wire the condition of every market where he is doing business, or may do business. it is important to know just what varie- ties are wanted in every city, and in addition essential to be posted from what districts each particular market is sup- plied, and also when that district begins shipping, the extent of the supply and the end of its season. In addition to all this it is equally necessary to be familiar with the standing of each firm you are either dealing with or expect to deal with. This word “standing,” in this par- ticular sense, is rather a broad one, and means that you must know a firm’s financial standing and their ability to pay. Their popularity with their trade is also significant, as well as their equip- ment to do business, and, above all, per- haps the most important requisite is inti- mate knowledge about a firm’s policy on reporting off condition of fruit and rejecting cars. It has been my personal experience that this volume of necessary informa- tion is so large, the time in acquiring it so great and the expense so heavy that I frankly say to you that the aver- age orchadist, under ordinary conditions, can neither spare the time to do it prop- erly nor afford the expense. The facts as stated so far seem to me sufficiently plain to convince any unprejudiced mind of the necessity of associations. How- ever, as an additional clincher on the argument, I want to call your attention to the methods necessarily employed by individuals, or in vogue in districts with- out associations, and then draw a com- parison, that you may form your own conclusions. In such cases a grower must adopt one of two plans in disposing of his fruit—he must either consign (and if he does it must be at random) or he must sell to local or visiting buyers, without being properly posted, conse- quently there can be but little certainty of securing results that can be obtained through an association that is properly Contents ASSOCIATIONS AND METHOD OF ORGANIZING, 19 HANDLING NORTHWEST FRUIT CROP, 29 PICKING AND PACKING FRUIT IN GRAND VALLEY, 39 CAMPAIGN AGAINST TARIFF, 43 TRIAL SHIPMENTS OF PEACHES, 46 EDITORIAL, 50 IMPORTANCE OF FRUIT MARKETING TO GROWERS, 54 YAKIMA VALLEY PLAN, 62 CO-OPERATIVE CENTRAL MARKETING AGENCY, 65 posted and ably managed. There is an additional uncertainty as to what returns he will receive, and when, and a possi- bility of one of those “red ink account sales,’ which you have probably heard about. Another unfavorable condition frequently arises in the absence of an association that works to the disadvan- tage of the abler, business-like orchard- ists, when the smart buyer shrewdly makes his first deal with the uninformed or weak-kneed grower, and closes at a figure below the average market price, establishing a low figure which he uses as a precedent and lever to influence other growers to accept the same. I think every one realizes how difficult it is to secure a certain price when actual sales have been made at lower figures. You know how difficult it is to sell at a dollar when someone else has quoted or sold at ninety cents. In concluding the first chapter on the necessity of associations, beg leave to advise you that my aigument is not based on theory, but, in my opinion, deduced from facts founded on actual operation and experience. If my obser- vations and deductions are correct, and I believe they are, I sincerely hope you will realize the necessity of associations, for I firmly believe the association plan is the sure method for the grower to secure better prices for this fruit. I feel the local buyers are entitled to a proper consideration. It is not ry intention 10 have you conclude by inference in the presentation of the necessity for organi- zation that private firms are a menace to the orchard industry. I am willing to admit that localities exist where per- haps an association would do well to equal the prices paid by individual con- cerns. In addition to this, it is only fair in recognition of the fact that competi- tion is the life of trade to say that where a district contains both an association and a local operator such a condition will probably have a tendency to stimulate an eagerness in each to so conduct their business as to obtain and pay growers better prices. The extstence of a com- petitive firm will be conducive in making “the manager” hustle, because unfavor- able comparisons are certainly odious. Consequently I can see no reason why such a combination would not be both stimulative and protective. Each, where both are conducted legitimately and fairly, would afford protection against the other, and be more or less comfort- ing in the way of assurance to the grower. But if you can support but one, be sure that one is the association. The primary object of business is to make money, and usually to make as much money as possible on the capital invested. Any firm or corporation that is not mutual engages in business for this purpose, and we must admit the legitimacy of this purpose. The object of a growers’ association, organized properly (the basic principles of organi- zation will have consideration a little later on), is just the same as a firm in two particulars, to sell for the best pos- sible price and conduct the business as economically as possible. In a word, make as much money as possible. The aim of the firm is to make money for itself, and as much as possible. The primary object of the association is to make as much as possible, not for itself, but for its members. This is the essen- tial and important difference. When properly conducted and managed, the expense should be practically the same, and both should be able to realize nearly the same prices. The firm pays what it receives less the expense and profit for itself; the association pays all it receives less the expense only. If you want this Page 20 BETTER FRUIT August WOMEN’S REST COTTAGE, OREGON STATE FAIR, SALEM, SEPTEMBER 11-16, 1911 profit, if you need it or can use it in your business, organize an association and get it. If you don’t want it or can’t use it, be content with your present method and in your idle hours, resulting from a lack of prosperity and progress. The association can buy wholesale in carloads boxes, spray material, paper and many other orchard supplies, which can be sold the growers at wholesale prices plus the actual cost of handling, and the actual saving to the grower by this plan is no small item. Lastly, in speaking of benefits, I want to call your attention to the advantages arising through an association office. The Hood River Association's office has evolved, so to speak, into a commercial fruit growers’ club, which has developed into a bureau of information on fruit topics and methods. In the association office the growers are always welcome. Every experimental station bulletin per- taining to fruit is received and every horticultural paper of value taken. The office force is composed of able and experienced men. In this office you can ascertain the formula for any spray, or learn the effectiveness of any brand of spray, or be advised of its efficiency. You can be posted on the market or learn about the best varieties to grow com-= mercially. Every newcomer finds the latch string out, and old growers congre- gate in dozens almost daily for friendly and advisory discussion. Anyone in the office can tell you the tool or implement generally considered best for a certain purpose, where to get it and the price. In addition to all this, the office is a pub- licity bureau, a development league, so to speak, for every letter is promptly and fully answered, giving full informa- tion on subjects of inquiry. Such are some of the benefits resulting from an association properly managed, which should again impress upon you _ the value arising from organization, and in addition convey some _ valuable gestions of what an association should be. For the benefit of those who may be contemplating organization, and as a suggestion for possible improvement of existing associations, I desire to call sug- JUDG. FREMONT WOOD President Idahc State Horticultural Society as well as the Boise Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Boise, Idaho attention to a few principles involved in proper organization. In the first place, it is a matter of business to make your associations just as strong as possible. The proper selection of your board of directors carries conviction of proper management. Your directors should be successful growers, men of good busi- ness ability, popular and recognized as giving every man a square deal. In addi- tion to this, they should be selected so as to represent every locality of the district. Every association should be organized on the co-operative plan. All the money received should be paid out to each grower in accordance with the price realized for the grade and variety of fruit as marketed in proportion to the number of packages. If this is done each grower will get the full profits in a just proportion to his variety, grade and quantity, that is, the full price realized less the actual expenses. This is not only just, but should be the basic prin- ciple in every fruit growers’ association. Stock, if possible, should all be sub- scribed for by growers. Experience has demonstrated the actual necessity of one other principle that must under no cir- cumstances be overlooked in the organi- zation of a fruit growers’ association. That is the necessary contract binding each grower’s crop annually to the asso- ciation, or incorporating so that your membership, according to your by-laws, will bind the crop. While the California court sustained the latter as valid, I prefer the contract. Without this it is only a question of time when the asso- ciation will flounder. Without a contract your association will never know what predicament it may be in tomorrow. IQII Without a contract you cannot make a bona fide sale. In fact without it you really have nothing to offer for sale, and, therefore, are in no position to do busi- ness. Of course, you may run without contracts for several years, but when the time comes and your association has made sale of the entire crop of any variety of its members, and an advance in price occurs, you can make a ten to one bet that some growers, in their eagerness to get the extra price, will forget their duty to their organization and jump the game. This grower’s con- tract is one of the most important basic principles in the organization of the association. It is the corner stone of foundations, the keystone of association structure. So whatever you do, dont omit it. All growers should be required to sign contracts in advance of each season, and not be permitted to do so after an agreed date. Your manager. as a matter of business, should treat every grower fairly and squarely, without prejudice or favor. Ability, experience, diplomacy, firmness, and a knowledge of fruits and markets are essential business requirements. Your manager must make it his business to put into action such a system of grad- ing, packing and inspection as will enable him to-secure a uniform grade on every carload, so that he can guarantee every box in the car, and additionally guaran- tee that every box is as good on the bottom as it is in the middle, and as good in the middle as it is on top. Arrangements along this line must be periect if success is expected. The man- ager must be expected to select his assistants if you expect to hold him responsible for their work and to give you results. Finally, when we have a good association in every district, we can Organize one grand association, com- BETTER FRUIT posed of the managers from district associations, which can create a_har- monious policy that will not only be for the good of all, but a power in the land. I have for years in succession deliv- ered addresses at the Northwestern Fruit Growers’ meetings and at various state meetings pertaining to the impor- tance of associations. “Better Fruit” took up the work of promoting associa- tions, and has kept at it persistently from the initial number. That good work has been done, and that success 1s crowning the efforts of “Better Fruit” to put the growers in the way of realizing better prices through better work and associations is evidenced by the large number of letters we are receiving for general information along this line. A board of directors able to frame up a constitution and set of by-laws and con- tracts should meet all requirements. Do your work well, and, remember, if you make mistakes they can be rectified. You can amend your constitution. and don’t assume everybody will be satisfied. There are kickers in every community. You can't get all the growers, but try to get the best, and as many of them as possible, and then go ahead. Don’t for- get it is not all clear sailing. Inex- perience will cause errors in judgment in marketing and in various ways; there- fore, be patient with your directors. Stick together, pull together, keep your association going, and each year you will improve and grow stronger, and just as fast as you do this in the same propor- tion you will get better prices and realize handsomer profits. For the guidance of those of our read- ers who may be interested in the form- ing of associations we incorporate with this article the articles of incorporation, constitution and by-laws, and contract WAREHOUSE, COLD STORAGE AND ICE PLANT OF THE DAVIDSON FRUIT COMPANY, FR fh Page 21 forms of some of the leading fruit grow- ers’ associations: Hood River Apple Growers’ Union: Article I—The name, place of business, capital stock and purposes of this corporation are set forth in the articles of incorporation, which are referred to as part of these by-laws. Article II.—The membership of this corporation shall be confined to actual growers of fruit of Hood River Valley and vicinity. Article III.—The board of directors shall con- sist of nine members, four of whom shall hold office for more than one year. They shall be elected annually and shall serve until their suc- cessors are elected and qualified. They shall qualify as directors within ten days after their election, and within ten days thereafter they shall elect from their number a president, vice-president and secretary. They shall also choose a treasurer, who shall be required to give bonds, with surety in such sums as they may deem ample. They may choose a bank as treasurer without bonds. The annual meeting shall be held on the first Satur- day in April in each year. Atricle IV.—The directors shall have power to levy and collect assessments on the capital stock not to exceed fifty per centum of the stock sub- scribed at any one time, and not oftener than every sixty days; the same to become delinquent in thirty days from date of notice of such assess- ment in the local newspaper. The directors -shall sell shares of stock to actual fruit growers only. Article V.—The directors shall employ such agents or other employes as are necessary to do the business of the corporation, and shall fix their remuneration; provided, that the board of directors shall receive no salary for acting as directors. They shall have daily account sales rendered to the members of the union each day, as received by them or their agent, giving a statement by whom sold, gross sales, commission, freight or express, and amount due members of the union; also giving condition of fruit, if there be any complaint. Article VI.—The directors may refuse to receive for shipment, under the brand of the union, any package of fruit not considered prime from any cause. They shall refuse to receive for shipment fruit from any person not holding stock. Article WVII.—This organization, through its board of directors, shall have the exclusive and unqualified power to market all appples grown by any of its members. A contract between each member and the board will be required. Article VIII.—The duties of the secretary shall be to keep a record of the proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders and directors. He shall keep the corporate seal of the association and shall be custodian of all deeds, articles of agreement and other valuable instruments of writ- ing belonging to the association. He shall keep all books of the issuance and transfer of stock, and shall countersign all certificates of stock and afhx the seal of the board of directors and stockhold- ers, and shall keep, or cause to be kept, all books of account necessary to the transaction of the gen- HOOD RIVER, OREGON Page 22 eral business of the association. The manager of the union shall be placed on a flat salary. Article IX.—The board of directors shall provide the necessary means for carrying out the purposes for which the association is formed by reasonable charges and commissions for the service rendered by the association to its members and customers. Article X.—The duties of the treasurer shall be to receive all moneys due or paid to the associa- tion and deposit the same as the directors may instruct; to pay out said funds upon the written order or check of the president, first vice-president or general manager, when countersigned by the secretary. : Article XI.—AI] notes or other evidence of indebtedness of the association shall be signed by the president and countersigned by the secretary of the board of directors. Article XII.—The president shall instruct the secretary to call a meeting of the stockholders whenever in his judgment the necessities of the union require it, by giving one week’s notice through the local newspaper and send each a notice on a postal card. Article XIII.—No union label shall be placed on a box of fruit except by the manager of the warehouse just before shipping. Article XIV.—Each packer will be held responsi- ble for his own work by a system of fines. No fruit will be received unless put up by a packer employed by the union. Article XV.—The union will have no packing house foreman, except those employed by the union. Article XVI.—A majority of the stock sub- scribed, upon which all legal calls or assessments have been paid in full, shall constitute a quorum at any stockholders’ meeting, and no vote shall be counted which is not represented by one share of the stock upon which all calls or assessments have been paid. Article XVII.—These by-laws may be amended by vote of the majority of the stock upon which all calls or assessments have been paid, at any regular or called meeting; provided, that notice to amend the by-laws shall have been given in the call for a special meeting. Article XVIII.—Any member desiring to dis- solve his connection with this corporation may do so by surrendering his stock to the secretary thereof or by transferring it to any member in good standing on the secretary’s books. Contract.—In consideration of the terms of this agreement, made and entered into this —........ day Ofte eee pal O iit Ts) SS oes See is ee hereby bargain and sell to the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, my entire crop of merchantable apples of every grade and every variety for the year 191__. The said terms being as follows: All fruit shall be graded and packed under the supervision of the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, at the expense of the grower, and delivered by him at the warehouse of said union in the City of Hood River, Oregon, at such time as may be designated by said purchaser, who shall give notice to the grower for such delivery. In further con- sideration of this agreement the said Hood River Apple Growers’ Union has this day paid said Soe eee eS LIT OL eee the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged. And in further consideration of this contract, said Hood River Apple Growers’ Union agrees to pay the i C. H. SPROAT Manager Apple Growers’ Union, Hood River, Oregon Also Apple King of the National Apple Show Spokane, Washington, 1910 BETTER FRUIT August WAREHOUSE WENATCHEE FRUIT GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION, WENATCHEE, WASHINGTON balance of the market price obtained by it (less ...a box for handling) to the grower days after the delivery of fruit within as aforesaid. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands in duplicate this daygote 5, LOU. (Signed in duplicate and witnessed.) Articles of incorporation of Wenatchee Valley Fruit Growers’ Association: Know all men by these presents, that we, the undersigned, citizens of the United States of America, and residents of the State of Washington, being desirous of forming a company for the pur- poses hereinafter specified, do hereby make and subscribe the following written articles of incor- poration in triplicate, as follows: Article I.—The name of this corporation shall be The Wenatchee Valley Fruit Growers’ AR gssoyete** AND THIRTY-POUND BOXES upon their condition. In wiping apples the work should be done beiore the fruit sweats, otherwise the moisture will unite with the dirt on the outside and the fruit will become so gummy that it is almost impossible to wipe it, and, more- over, it will have a dull, unattractive appearance as a result. Where the fruit can be kept fairly cool before wiping the sweating can often be materially delayed and diminished. By placing the heated apples into a very cool room the moisture will gather upon them very rapidly, which may interfere with proper wiping. Most of our growers are now grading the apples as they are wiped, and often two sets of grades are made, one as to size, the three and one-half and four-tier apples all being kept sep- arate, and grades also made according to quality. In spite of whatever sizing is done the expert packer, of course, will have to do considerable grading. The expertness of packing aiter all depends more on the grading than anything else. Unless a man has an accurate eye and can grade quickly and thoroughly he can never hope to become an expert packer. The peaches, pears and prunes are prac- tically never wiped. In some sections of the country grading machines have been tried. One large orchard in Ore- gon uses a mechanical form of grading. The oranges in Southern California are graded with machinery. although there seems to have been a tendency in late years to use less complicated machinery and to simplify the processes materially. It may be that some of our fruit can be graded mechanically. It is very hard. however, to get a mechanical system that does not injure the fruit in some way or other. If one is to do the best pack- ing with apples some grading should be done before the fruit goes to the packing table. On the other hand, peaches, apri- August cots, prunes and pears are all packed nicely without previous grading, the grading being done as the fruit is packed. The equipment for packing houses will vary somewhat with the preferences of the grower and style of iruit he is using. Prunes, peaches, apricots, grapes, pears and similar fruits are generally packed from benches placed along the sides of the rooms, where good light can be obtained from numerous win- dows. Occasionally small tables are made which set in the center of the rooms. These tables. or benches, are generally slightly inclined toward the packer so as to allow him to keep the fruit in place easily as it is being packed. Where better grading has to be done and more difficult packing, which is espe- cially the case in apples, the best way is to have a table which is set out in the room. These tables should be large enough to hold several bushels of apples. I have never yet seen a man who was able to do very fine grading and packing from the orchard box. By far the best grading that is done in the Northwest, especially in Oregon, has always been done from these packing tables, as shown in the illustrations. These tables can be made of various heights. according to the convenience of the packers. They should be made sufficiently high so that a man does not bend his back unneces- sarily to reach the fruit. The standards are generally about three feet high. The top is made of strong burlap about three feet by four feet, and is allowed to hang rather loosely. Therefore it becomes necessary to saw off the tops oi the legs on a bevel so as not to have the sharp corners push into the burlap, making points that will bruise or cut the fruit. Old rubber hose, canvas or something similar is nailed around the top of the table to protect the fruit. The legs should be well braced by nailing on cross pieces, and additional wire binders would also be an assistance in keeping the table firm and steady. A good box press should be used, one which is solid and works easily, so that with the pres- sure of the foot the arms are thrown CRATE OF PRUNES Packed in tin-top baskets, four to the crate showing first, second, third and finish layer TOLL BETTER FRUIT HY a | 4 | Hl { | | SOME FINE TYPES OF FRUIT GROWERS’ TEMPORARY STORAGE AND PACKING HOUSES forward, the covers adjusted and the cleats can be nailed easily. One will also want some kind of a machine for making the box. A common bench or table is generally used, on which a few cleats the width and length of the box are nailed. While these will answer the purpose very nicely where small amounts of fruit are being used, there is, how- ever, no doubt but what the time is now at hand when all our large associations and large growers should have some kind of an automatic box machine. Apple Packing—It is very common in our markets to see a splendid product ruined by packing, and we can safely say that no matter how good a product is if it be poorly packed the prices received will be disappointing. On the other hand, a second grade product, by attractive packing, may bring much bet- ter prices than would be possible to realize under ordinary conditions. The extra attractive package, in many cases, may mean only an outlay of a few cents a box. I have known cases where the outlay of a few cents amounted to a difference in dollars in the price of the package. There is no doubt but what all first class fruit should be put up in the best manner possible, and the second grade should receive much more atten- tion than is commonly given. On the other hand, there is probably some of the second grades, and practically all of the third grades, which will not warrant much of an outlay. All fruit that is very small and imperfect in character would not warrant an extra outlay. and fifty thousand dollars. The North- west apple must be advertised far and wide to increase its consumption in the markets already developed, and to create new markets. One cent per box, figured upon the output in 1910, would have raised a sum of fifty thousand dollars for that purpose, and its advertising power would have created untold demand. It cost the independent orange grower of Florida fifty cents per box per year to successfully introduce their product in the Eastern markets through advertis- ing methods. The Virginia Fruit Grow- ers’ associations last year obtained for their members from twenty-five cents to one dollar per package for the shipments made through their packing houses in excess of the average figures secured by the independent growers. Organization in Florida increased the price of the orange output thirty-five cents per box in a single season, and through the most rigid rules of inspection reduced the waste by decay in transportation from seven and one-half per cent to two per cent in one year. These are instances in the history of modern organization which it will pay the Northwest orchard- ist to reflect upon. Co-operation in the apple industry means prevention of waste, because it prevents the shipment of over-ripe fruit, unsuitable sizes, improper grades, and undesirable quality. Rejection, the natural consequence of those conditions, means waste, and the latter brings inev- itable reduction in prices. It will help to control the output, not only of each locality, but of each district, state and the entire Northwest. It will reduce the cost of production. increase consump- and justify the maintenance of natural values. It will provide adequate packing facilities, cold storage plants, advertising fund, and every other phys- ical element that the progress of the industry requires. Above all, it will insure a thoroughly effective, scientific marketing organization, against which the competition of the Eastern apple will be of little avail regardless of its char- acter or volume. © ¢ © Almost the whole world knows of Hood River as a place that produces the best fruits, and all of Hood River Valley should know, and could know, that there is one place in Hood River, under the firm name of R. B. Bragg & Co., where the people can depend on get- ting most reliable dry goods, clothing, shoes and groceries at the most reason- able prices that are possible. Try it. tion, WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT August C.C. EMERSON & CO. Wholesale FRUIT and PRODUCE Car Lot Distributors Apples Pears Peaches Potatoes Onions ST. PAUL, MINN. Ginocchio-Jones Fruit Co. KANSAS CITY, MO. AP PEEKS are our main Specialty Established in Kansas City 25 years THE Lawrence-Hensley Fruit Co. JOBBERS OF Fruits and Vegetables, and Apple Packers Largest Strawberry Dealers in the West DENVER, COLORADO W. VAN DIEM Lange Franken Straat 45, 47, 49,51 and 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND European Receivers of American Fruits Eldest and First-Class House in This Branch Cable Address: W. Vandiem. A B C Code used; 5th Edition Our Specialties are APPLES, PEARS AND NAVEL ORANGES O. W. 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If, after looking over these sample pages, you «wish to see the complete set of 15 massive volumes, it will be sent to you prepaid, subject to your full approval—entirely at our risk and expense. You take the books and examine them for a whole week. ‘Then, if you don’t want to keep them, you send them back at our expense if you wish. And if you wish to keep them you may do so. After the free examination, should you wish to keep the books, send us only $1 down, and thereafter only $3 a month. A total of only $36 for this splendid Library of Universal History, De Luxe Edition, in genuine maroon English crash buckram binding. A regular $60 edition, but on this forced sale price it goes for $36. You : Ss positively must see these books to understand the tremendous bargain. So send the coupon today. Napoleon Bidding Farewell to Josephine Remember, you do not have to keep the books if you don’t want them, but send them back at our My Destiny and France Demand It.” ae : ea i expense. You must have some history—why not the best? History fixes ambition; it broadens This is but one of the hundreds of thrilling illustrations inthe Library of Universal History, Do you know all of this the mind. This is the one true, late, accurate and readable history. One-quarter of a million 1eart throbbing story—the Imperial Emperor, the loving , ae st7 oS - it 2 A ej it =>r1ce wife. the inexorable pall of ambition, the breaking heart jeaders: constantly eter, tolit and quote 16 with comfidence. left behind. SEND THE COUPON. Cut or tear off here Send Coupon at Once—Don’t Delay | 2S SHARES. ORHRRATION eee Please send 80-page sample book of famous historical scenes, maps in NOTE: We prepay carrying charges; others do not. Don’t delay colors, and sample pages of the Library of Universal History. If pleased sending the coupon. ‘This offer may never appear again. Do this at with same I will send you instruction for shipping the complete set for once—NOW. The coupon is not an order for the books—merely a free examination on the understanding that I am under no obligation to request for a handsome booklet of sample pages sent you absolutely free. purchase. INGACIVINE Beezeeee she fr aire i tee ee eek Reh A went WN tae em ene Wel Se eee eae ok American Underwriters Corporation oe 175 North State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS (ONS OS VASO) i ate ater ae ee ee e ae e na eeESEE aE AE eee ere ees WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT RELEASE Complete all the time. Noth- ing to get out of order, or break. No repairs or buy- ing of new parts. Useful for years. PARTLY OPENED BETTER FRUIT Durable easily operated Cannot pick up twigs, spurs or stems. Nocan- vas or strings. THE START Send $1.50 to the Palmer Bucket Com- pany, of Hood River, Oregon, for trial bucket. Your money is returned if you are not satisfied WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT RELEASED Practical for apples, pears, peaches, plums, prunes, cherries, tomatoes, and all other tree fruits or bush vegetables. EMPTIED August Palmer BucketCo.,Hood River,Oregon IQII BETTER FRUIT JOHN B. CANCELMO PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Largest Dealer IN BOX APPLES on this Market Philadelphia Supplies WITHIN A RADIUS OF ONE HUNDRED MILES Over Ten Million People Make Your Arrangements Now, Cold Storage Facilities Unexcelled We Represent some of the Largest Fruit Shipping Concerns in the World DO NOT OVERLOOK THE PHILADELPHIA MARKET SOME FEATURES OF INDUSTRAL LIFE IN DENMARK HE Co-operative Dairy at Esbjerg, Denmark, has a membership of 230 farmers, milking 1,500 cows. A small quantity of the milk is retailed in Esb- jerg; the bulk, however, is made into butter, and, practically speaking, all exported to England. The milk is paid for by weight and quality. The man- ager, who receives $750 per annum, ‘embraces in himself the functions of managing director, manager, working foreman and clerk, his clerking being done during the afternoon after the but- ter is made. The board of directors of such a concern get virtually no remuner- ation. This society has fifty separate dairies scattered over different parts of the north and west of Denmark. The Lightning Fruit Picker THE FRUIT GROWER’S SENSATION No Climbing—No lifting of heavy ladders No waste of fruit—No injured trees You can stand on the ground and pick your fruit with rapidity and ease. Its equal has never been offered to fruit growers before. Will pay for itself in one day. Its simplicity and practicability clearly shown in our free circular. Write today before you forget it. THE LIGHTNING FRUIT PICKER CO. H. P. Guy, Manager 3939 McPherson Ave. St. Louis, Missouri WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT membership embraces 30,000 farmers, and the society is shipping 4,000,000 pounds of butter yearly. : Eggs are sent in weekly from the different depots, each egg being stamped by the farmer with a rubber stamp with figures representing name of farmer, district and date, so that any bad egg can be easily traced back to the farmer who sent it. Every egg is tested. On the farmer who has sent the bad ones a fine is imposed for each bad egg. This method soon sharpens the farmer’s wife, and she takes good care to see that the nests are cleared every day. The eggs are paid for by weight, so much a pound, not by number, and are all graded in packing into three different sizes. The farmer is paid weekly on a quotation fixed in accordance with market prices in London and Copenhagen. In order to avoid putting so many eggs on the mar- ket when the price is low, and still fur- ther depressing it, immense quantities are preserved in huge vats of lime and water, with an air-tight covering of water glass. These are sold as become scarcer and dearer, so that the farmer has not to dispose of his eggs when there is a glut on the market. They can stay at home and look after the work of the farm. The turn-over in this society in butter and eggs is about $2,500,000 per annum; cost of buildings and plant between $65,000 and $76,000. It has only been established ten years and is still growing, especially in the egg eggs RICHARDSON-HOLMES & LAMB CO., Inc. Wholesale Fruit and Produce Largest Distributors of APPLES in Southern California 1200-2-4-6-8-10 Produce Street LOS ANGELES Unexcelled Fruit Land Shenandoah Valley Apple Ridge, limestone, 80 acres, 50 in Orchard, 30 White Oak Timber Address, ‘‘Private Box’’ N. Kent St. Winchester, Va. WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF Box Apples, Pears Prunes, Peaches Responsible—Reliable—Prompt Correspondence solicited M.Fugazzi& Company 204 West Sixth Street CINCINNATI, OHIO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 74 department. The estimated cost of col- lecting, forwarding to central depot, grading, testing and packing for export is about two cents per dozen. The bacon factory at Hasley has a membership of 900 farmers, who sup- plied 13,000 hogs last year. It has been established eight years. That at Odense has a membership of 5,000 farmers, who last year supplied 70,000 hogs from all over the Isle of Fyen. At the entrance to the factory are posted the day’s prices for first, second and third quality hogs, so that anyone can see current quota- tions, or a farmer can, by telephone, ascertain the current price, and then decide whether he will send in his hogs or not. All these societies are purely co-op- erative. The farmers in a district meet together to establish a co-operative society to deal with their produce—milk, hogs and eggs. Each one undertakes to supply the factory with a certain amount of produce. A dairy has to be built and machinery bought. No prospectus is issued, nor are there any shareholders. How, then, is the money raised? Each farmer signs a document by which he is held responsible, not for a part of the money that must be borrowed, but for all. Say, for example, that $10,000 has to-be raised for cost of building, plant, etc., and that 200 farmers become mem- bers of the society. Every one of the 200 signs his responsibility for the $10,000, so that if the 199 cannot meet their liabilities the remaining one is bound for the loan. Actual experience, however, proves that in Denmark no risk whatever is attached to this. Armed with such a bond there is not the slight- est difficulty in borrowing the money at a low rate of interest. Banks or loan companies are only too glad to lend on such a security. The dairy is then built and equipped, a chairman and small com- mittee of management appointed, their pay being practically nothing; these in turn appoint a skilled manager, the milk is delivered at the dairy, made into but- ter and either sold by the dairy direct to England, or if the dairy is too small it affiliates itself with a larger dairy, and so the produce is disposed of. The price to be paid for milk, hogs and eggs is settled by the weekly quotations for butter, bacon and eggs in Copenhagen or London, a certain margin being left for working expenses. At the end of the year the balance sheet is made out, all expenses paid, including interest on loan and depreciation, and the balance is distributed as bonus to each farmer in accordance with the amount of produce he has sent. Bacon factories are estab-= lished in the same way. The Egg Society is the simplest and least costly of all, and is often worked as a branch of the Bacon or Butter Society. phew tarmlerss aot wlameolanicdtnssias Canada and other countries are study- ing these co-operative methods of the Danish farmers in order to introduce them elsewhere. It might be well for American farmers to take the same trouble—Consul W. C. Hamm of Hull, England, in the Co-Operative Journal, Oakland, California. BETTER FRUIT August BARNETT BROS. "eicsis" A Minute’s Talk with Western Fruit Associations, particularly those dealing in Apples, Cantaloupes and Peaches, are invited to corres- pond with us. Weare able to put before you a plan for marketing your output in a manner satisfactory to you and mutually profitable. Yoncalla Orchards Company OREGON FRUIT LANDS Plymouth Building, Suite 714 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA This orchard tract adjoins the town of Yoncalla, Oregon, which is situated on the main line of the Southern Pacific Railway. No better land in the West. This tract of orchard land is being subdivided and sold in 5 and 10-acre tracts. For further information write THE YONCALLA ORCHARDS COMPANY Plymouth Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota FOR QUICK PROFITS PLANT STRAWBERRIES WESTERN VARIETIES ARE BEST 64 Page Autumn Catalog Ready FOR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES—Strawberries.- give in September surer, quicker returns and larger profits than any other send in your name NOW and fruit crop. receive a first copy FOR HOME USE—Nothing is more delicious, healthful or easily produced. OUR “DIAMOND QUALITY” true to name plants, select } strains of our own growing, give larger crops and better } berries. Healthy, vigorous, heavily rooted plants with : large, full crowns, packed in ventilated crates of 500 : each, crowns up. : GOLD DOLLAR—Earliest and best of all early berries. NEW OREGON-—Handsomest, heaviest yielding, most = = uniform and delicious of all strawberries. ROS S We Supply All Standard Varieties ADE FULL INFORMATION AND QUANTITY PRICE ON REQUEST PORTLAND SEED CO. PORTLAND, OREGON 32 Page Strawberry Book - FREE. Write Today “STRAWBERRY BEBENNIAL PLANTS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 75 STEINHARDT & KELLY 101 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK THE MOST EXTENSIVE OPERATORS IN HIGH CLASS FRUITS IN THE WORLD HE Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly take great pleasure in advising the fruit growers of the Northwest that a member of the firm will as usual make his annual trip to the Coast sometime dur- ing the latter part of August and the early part of September, for the purpose of acquiring, both by the outright purchase or such other method as agreeable to the growers, the large amount of reserve stock in all varities of fruit which their business demands. Particularly do the Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly wish to draw the attention of the growers to their prac- tically unlimited outlet for fancy fruit and to their sincere belief in their ability to handle and dispose of the crops of the most extensive districts at prevailing market rates with celerity and dispatch. @ The Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly might also incidentally mention that they have completed arrangements giving them cold storage space for several hundred carloads in the very best cold storage warehouses in the East and Middle West. q@ All correspondence will get the prompt personal attenton of a member of the firm Page 76 BETTER FRUIT August SHIPPING STATIONS OF THE NORTH FORK, COLORADO, FRUIT GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION Reading from left to right: Top, Hotchkiss and Lazear; bottom, Roberts and Coburn; center, Paonia, all in Colorado THE NORTH FORK FRUIT GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION HIS association was organized in April, 1902, at Paonia, Colorado. It was capitalized at $25,000, but only about $3,000 was necessary to commence operations in the first year. The North Fork branch of the Denver & Rio Grande Railroad had not yet been con- structed, and in the first year of the association’s history it was necessary to transport the packed fruit to Delta, thirty-five miles distant, in wagons. George S. Conklin, now manager of the Delta County Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, was the first manager of the North Fork association. The business was light and Mr. Conklin returned to his larger interests at Delta, leaving the management in the hands of Mr. W. A. Starks, who had been Mr. Conklin’s assistant since the organization. In 1903 the association built as a nucleus for its present extensive real estate holdings YOU PLANT THE ORCHARD I WILL FURNISH THE LAND Want good man with sufficient capital to plant 80-acre fine pear and apple tract in Rogue River Valley, Southern Oregon, to join me in developing. On main railroad, near town; adjoins highest class orchard project. Bearing orchards in the valley produce $500 to $1,000 per acre per year, and have sold for more than $2,000 per acre. I own the land, and want reliable, successful man who can develop and furnish funds, to be expended by him. This is a rare opportunity for acquiring a superb orchard in the blue ribbon fruit belt of America. References. Address at once, W. T. REED, 536 New York Life Building, Kansas City, Missouri. the brick warehouse which still stands at the corner of Second Street and North Fork Avenue, Paonia, adjoining the Denver & Rio Grande yards. The fol- lowing year a packing house was added, which proved at that time to be amply large for all the fruit of the members. In this same year, 1904, by rare good for- tune, the association secured the services of Mr. W. H. Garvin, one of the best known fruit salesmen in the Middle West, to take charge of the management of the association. The development of the association from a small community of growers to its present comprehensive system of packing houses and shipping stations and its constantly increasing patronage is largely due to the marked ability with which Mr. Garvin conducted the business. The following year saw the first extension outside of the town of Paonia in the building of the house at Roberts Switch, one mile east of Paonia. A house of similar construction was erected two and one-half miles west of Paonia to serve the growers in that territory. The house at Roberts Switch proved inadequate within a very short time, and an addition larger than the original building was constructed in 1908. At the close of the 1908 season, Mr. Garvin resigned from the active management of the association, and his The Campbell System INSURES your crop against DROUTH. Our experience in 1910 and 1911 has proven that good crops can be grown with less than eighteen inches of rain- fall. Those who followed the Camp- bell System in 1910 have a crop in 1911. DON’T TAKE ANY RISKS FOR 1912 Campbell's publications explain the system. Campbell’s Soil Culture Manual . $2.50 Campbell’s Scientific Farmer . $1.00 Combination Price ... .. . $8.00 Address CAMPBELL SOIL CULTURE CO. Lincoln, Nebraska When you write ask about the Camp- bell Correspondence School. Do You Want a Home in the “BEAUTIFUL OZARKS” of Missouri In the Famous Strawberry Land Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, raspberries, etc., all grow excellently. Ideal location for dairy and poultry business. We offer for sale 60,000 acres of land in 40-acre tracts or more, Located in Stone cheap and on easy terms. and McDonald Counties. For further information address McDonald Land & Mining Co. Rooms 301-2 Miner’s Bank Bldg. Joseph C. Watkins, Manager JOPLIN, MISSOURI IQII assistant manager, Mr. A. L. Craig, was elected to succeed him, Mr. Garvin remaining in charge of the sales depart- ment continuously since that time. This beginning toward separating the different phases of packing, shipping and market- ing into departments has been productive of most excellent results. Today the association operates ten main packing houses, with a number of smaller sub- stations located farther inland, which ship through seven stations on the Den- yer & Rio Grande Railroad. The general offices of the company are in Paonia, where the affairs of all the stations are looked after by the manager and Mr. Bingel, the general superintendent. The general sales office is located in Delta, Colorado. Mr. C. T. Rule, secretary of the board of directors, is resident man- ager at Hitchkiss, and Mr. D. L. Blakely, a member of the board of the Rogers- Mesa Association, is manager at Lazear, while Mr. H. G. McCall has charge of the local business at Paonia. The policy of the association is to pack, as far as possible, the fruit of its growers in the central packing houses described above. Each separate district forms a pool, and growers in each dis- trict receive the same amount for each erade and variety of fruit shipped. Where it is impracticable for the association to assume charge of the packing because of remoteness from shipping stations, and in some cases where growers prefer it because of local economy, packing in the orchard is practiced, but fruit packed in this manner is subjected to a rigid BETTER FRUIT inspection before it is shipped. The sales of fruit outside of the State of Colorado are handled by the sales manager, Mr. Garvin, in Delta, who in turn handles his shipments through the salaried agents of the largest fruit distributing institu- tion in the United States. In class of patronage, in equipment, in service and results, The North Fork Fruit Growers’ Association undoubtedly stands upon a level with any similar institution in the country. From a handful of growers possessing a community interest to an exchange of several associations its growth has been steady and most grati- fying. In addition to buildings shown in the illustration, the association has two warehouses at Excelsior, one each at Pit- kin, Elberta and Terror Creek, all in Colorado. GET CATALOG AND PRICE LIST 420 Acres Devoted to Nursery Purposes THE WOODBURN NURSERIES Established 1863 by J. H. Settlemier Grower of Choice NURSERY STOCK F. W. S9ETTLEMIER Woodburn, Oregon Page 77 Car Lots Broker and Distributor of Apples, Pears Peaches, Prunes distributing for the largest deciduous shippers of Northern Cal- ifornia, also agent for Chase & Co., packers, Florida. R. H. WYTHE 809 North Fourth Street ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Orchard Tract Ten acres rich orchard land in famous Rogue River Valley. Write for descrip- tion CIUNS, JE, IBDICIKS, Independence, Oregon. Gilinsky Fruit Company Wholesale Jobbers of FRUITS and VEGETABLES 1017 Howard Street OMAHA, NEB. Telephone 763 Now and price. BEST FACILITIES IN AMERICA FOR THE STORAGE OF Export Apples Ample steamship sailings with apple space always available for London, Liverpool, FREE INSURANCE Manchester and Glasgow FREE SWITCHING TO WAREHOUSE LIBERAL ADVANCES Write us and acquaint yourself with Boston’s special advantages for the storage of export fruit BOSTON TERMINAL REFRIGERATING COMPANY GRAND JUNCTION WHARVES, EAST BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS CHAS. L. CASE, Manager (g.W.Butterworth SPECIALIST IN Western Box Apples, Pears and Deciduous Fruit EFFICIENT HANDLING OF ASSOCIATION ACCOUNTS Member National League of Commission Merchants of United States International Apple Shippers’ Association Northeast Corner Second and Dock Streets 9 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Reference, Everybody IF YOU WANT UP-TO-DATE SERVICE GET IN TOUCH WITH US WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 7& BETTER FRUIT August Cable Address: Bilberries A. B. C. Code, 5th Edition H. OLFF & SOHN HAMBURG, GERMANY Fruit Merchants and Commission Agents SPECIALTIES: American. Apples AND West Indian Bananas Our new office building, as shown by the pic- ture on the side, is located right opposite the new Central Fruit and Vegetable Market and equipped with all modern accommodations. 25 DOUBLE EAGLES—$500.00 IN GOLD A PRIZE FOR THE BEST EXHIBIT 25 Boxes of Apples NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY Will present this to the apple grower making the best 25-box exhibit of his product at the American Land and Irrigation Exposition to be held in New York City in November, 1911. The apples may be of any variety or varieties, a single variety to the box; may be all of one variety or different varieties in the various boxes. No exhibit will be barred on account of location of the land producing the apples, all other conditions being lived up to. As an apple grower you are interested personally and in your loyalty to and pride and faith in your own section, you are doubly interested. Write today for copy of circular telling about this and other prizes to be awarded for exhibits of products. Address A. D. CHARLTON, Assistant General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon A. M. CLELAND, General Passenger Agent, St. Paul, Minnesota WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 79 Established 1842 Capital paid in $90,000.00 Incorporated 1910 SANDS, FURBER & CO. INC. Commission Merchants Fruits and Produce 16 & 17 Neth Side { Faneuil Hall Market, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Telephone, 1552 Richmond W.S.GLIDDEN, President H. F. RICE, Vice President C. H. CUMMINGS, Treasurer and General Manager Associations Me TAT OC Associations, Independent | and Individual Shippers We desire to get in touch with you for the purpose of arranging to handle your apples. To that end we ask you to please write us at once, ely ing estimate of what conays HOUSE TO DO BUSINESS WTB? ee consist of and the varieties of apples COYNE BROTHERS INA), SOX CIUAMEMSIES Write for Memo Loose Leaf Book. Mention ‘“‘Better Fruit’’ I DOMMMMGtI 6 oe | W. South Water Street, CHICAGO i a= &P STACY & SONS | KE. P. Stacy & Sons, St. Paul, Minn. Stacy Fruit Company, Fargo, N. D. Stacy Mercantile Company, Valley City, N. D. Stacy Fruit Company, Bismarck, N. D. Largest Handlers of Stacy Fruit Company, Carrington, N. D. FE. P. Stacy Fruit Company, Watertown, S. D. Western Deciduous E. P. Stacy & Sons Company, Mason City, lowa Stacy Fruit & Produce Company, Albert Lea, Minn. and Citrus Fruits Stacy Brothers Fruit Company, Lincoln, Neb. Davidson Brothers Company, Fort Dodge, lowa Davidson Brothers Company, } Marshallionna, Iowa Correspondence Solicited Davidson Brothers Company, Moberly, Mo. Davidson Brothers Company, Des Moines, lowa MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Founded 1839 Capital, $150,000.00, paid in Incorporated 1904 JOHN NIX & COMPANY 281 Washington Street, NEW YORK CITY Pacific Coast Fruits and Vegetables Our Store Centrally Located. One Block from Erie R. R. Depot WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 80 BETTER FRUIT MOSIER FRUIT GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION INCREASING OSIER is thoroughly an “associa- tion’ community. Ever since the association was organized five years ago its support has been increasing until last year it included every fruit grower of the district. The shining success of the Mosier Fruit Growers’ Association is due primarily to the personnel of its mem- bership. They are intelligent, up-to-date horticulturists, possessed of enough good sense, business training and far-sighted- ness to realize the advantage of working closely and harmoniously together in the reward for so doing each season has brought very satisfactory returns and an increasing confidence in the future. The greatest achievement of the asso- ciation is its highly praised pack. Mosier has a corps of expert, home-trained pack- ers, who work under the direction of association officers, but 1f they had to quarrel with growers who desired to work off every kind of fruit on them the result would never be a strictly honest and satisfactory pack; instead of this they have the unanimous and loyal sup- August association’s: brand and proud to have their own names on the box also. In 1910 the association shipped fifty cars of apples, thirteen cars of Italian prunes, two cars of cherries and one car each of pears, plums and peaches. The estimate for 1911 includes thirty-five cars of apples, ten cars of Italian prunes, four cars of peaches. and one car of pears. Judging from the favorable reception of the Mosier Spitzenbergs and Newtowns in New York for the past eight years these varieties will probably find their way there again this year. Other varie- ties have found a wide distribution from marketing end of the proposition. As a port of all growers, who are proud of the has just closed the most successful and prosperous year in its history. We want to make 1911 even more successful than the year just passed. We want yourname upon our subscription list. Here are a few facts which will help you to decide the question of subscribing, @ The Pacific Monthly is recognized as the most successful independent magazine in the West. It publishes each month artistic and unusual duotone illustrations of beautiful Western scenery, studies of Indian heads, or of animal life, ranging from Alaska, on the North, to Mexico on the South, and as far afield as Japan and the South Seas. From its striking cover design to the last page you will find a feast of beautiful pictures. @ Each month it publishes from five or six short stories by such authors as Jack London, Stewart Edward White, Harvey Wickham, D. E. Dermody, Seumas MacManus, Fred. R. Bechdolt, and other well known writers of short stories. Its stories are clean, wholesome and readable. @ Each month one or more strong articles are published by such writers as William Winter, the dean of dramatic critics, John Kenneth Turner, the author of "Barbarous Mexico", Rabbi Wise, the noted Jewish Rabbi, and John E. Lathrop, who contributes a non-partisan review of national affairs. Charles Erskine Scott Wood contributes each month under the title of "Impressions" a brilliant record of personal opinion. q The Pacific Monthly has become noted for having published some of the best verse appearing in any of the magazines. Charles Badger Clark, Jr., contributes his inimitable cowboy poems ex- clusively to The Pacific Monthly. Berton Braley, George Sterling, Elizabeth Lambert Wood, Wm. Maxwell, and other well known poets are represented by their best work in our pages. @ A feature that has won many friends for The Pacific Monthly has been our descriptive and indus- trial articles. During the coming year one or more such articles will be published each month. Articles now scheduled for early publication are: "Money in Live Stock on the Pacific Coast", "Suc- cess with Apples","Nut Culture in the Northwest","Success with Small Fruits","Fodder Crops in the Western States". QIn addition to these articles the Progress and Development Section will give each month author- ative information as to the resources and opportunities to be found in the West. To those who are planning to come West, the descriptive illustrated articles on various sections of the West will be invaluable. q If you want a clean, fearless, independent magazine—one that will give you wholesome, readable stories, authoritative, descriptive articles of the progress being made in the West, a magazine that believes thoroughly in the West and the future destiny of the West—you will make no mistake in subscribing for the Pacific Monthly. Its subscription price is $1.50 a year. To enable you to try it for shorter period, however, we will give a trial subscription of six months for $.50. q Fill out the coupon below and send it with $.50 in stamps to The Pacific Monthly Company, Portland, Oregon. THE PACIFIC MONTHLY COMPANY Portland, Oregon Gentlemen:—Enclosed find fifty cents in acceptance of your special offer of a trial subscription for six months. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT New Orleans to St. Paul and from San Francisco to Boston, as well as across the Atlantic. After years of experiment- ing to determine what vari- eties were best adapted to the climate and soil of the Mosier hills, the growers discovered that the choicest quality apples were the kinds that grew to most pre-eminent perfection. The younger orchards show a heavy pre- ponderance of Spitzenbergs, Newtowns, Ortleys and Arkansas Blacks, but there will be enough of Baldwins, Wageners, Red Cheek Pip- pins, Ben Davis and other varieties to at least supply old customers who have been so well suited. All Mosier apples are non-irrigated, and while the high color, perfect flavor and desirable sizes equal the best from anywhere they have added value that the trade well understands, and that is for remarkable keeping quality. The large acreage of orch- ards just coming into bear- ing will rapidly swell the shipments from Mosier. At least one hundred cars are expected by 1912 and two hundred cars for the follow- ing year. Mosier growers have taken numerous prizes at apple shows, and by com- parison with other districts, especially their adjoining neighbors of Hood River, they feel well grounded in the belief that they produce a grade of fruit that will always bring remunerative prices because of its superi- ority. The directors of the association actually do the directing of its affairs, meet- ing every week, and oftener when occasion requires, giv- ing close attention to all the details of the business —A. P. Bateham, Vice-President. oe © How do you like the efforts of “Better Fruit” to raise the standard of growing and marketing? A word of com- ment now and then, will be appreciated. IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 81 A.LEVY & J. ZENTNER CO. NORTHWEST CORNER OF DAVIS AND WASHINGTON STREETS SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA The largest dealers in and distributors of Box Apples on the Pacific Coast Get in touch with us. Let us know what you have to dispose of. Best modern cold storage facilities Inquire about us of any bank, mercantile agency, Produce Reporter Company, or the manager of your association LET US HEAR FROM YOU S. SEGARI & COMPANY s8 220855. Next door to the auction room, will be our headquarters for California deciduous fruits and box apples. Remember, we keep experienced salesmen at the Illinois Central Railroad fruit and produce sheds, also at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad watermelon and produce sheds. We are now ready to handle Apples, Pears, Cantaloupes, Peaches WRITE OR WIRE WHAT YOU HAVE NEW ORLEANS | LINDSAY GEO. H. APPEL & CO: LTD. Z IMPORTERS Wholesale = no} : i ° Bog JOBBERS Commission ee Wholesale Fruits Oe an 2 ap FES 5e HELENA, MONTANA cm > aS Pe arene = a 7p) stablished in Helena Quarter of a Century < Zz ey Onraiee < == = O06 > ES eS Rtas Zz Branch houses: Great Falls, Mis- ae All Fruits in Season Storagefor50Cars »4 soula and Billings, Montana | J.L. BEER & CO. _ | /swieaocovnisnes | YONCALLA, OREGON Fruit and Produce NovAgents Prices Wholesale GENERAL NURSERY STOCK PROPAGATORS Stock clean and true. Budded or grafted from bearing trees 306-310 Poydras and 507-509 South Peters, NEW ORLEANS Box Apples Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes E. P. DREW We are distributors. We reach all points tributary to New Orleans, Consulting Horticulturist including Cuba, Panama and Central America 30 years in business WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT re 82 BETTER FRUIT August OPEN LETTER NORTHWESTERN SHIPPERS There are three (3) essentials to Successful Marketing First— Facilities and Organization Second— Expert Salesmanship Third —Judgment, based on Knowledge and Experience If you want maximum results communicate with us. Yours truly, CRUTCHFIELD & WOOLFOLK PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA BUTTE POTATO & PRODUCE CO. BUTTE, MONTANA Jobbers of All Farm and Orchard Products We have a large outlet for fruits and vegetables. We want to hear FREE EXPERT ADVICE By Professor A. Van Holderbeke, five years Washington State Horticulturist, TO FRUIT GROWERS Purchasing high grade nursery stock, guaranteed true to name, from the VAN HOLDERBEKE NURSERY COMPANY Main Offices: Nurseries: from shippers. Columbia Building Spokane Valley and : Spokane, Washington Kennewick, Washington A. J. KNIEVEL, President and Manager Sixteen years’ experience on the Butte market. THE EVANS & TURNER CO. COLUMBUS, OHIO ARE ORDN THOR CONNECTIONS IN WEE a xa Reavis Wiss TON Apples, Pears and Peaches We are members of National League of Commission Merchants and the Produce Reporter Company References: The Union National Bank, Columbus, Ohio; Union Savings Bank, Manchester, Michigan RELIABLE AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 83 We Want to Correspond with some of the up-to-date shippers and packers of fancy apples in your section. We have a market for fancy apples that is second to none in this country, and believe it will be to your advantage to get acquainted with us and this market. We want to do business only with those who put up a well packed box, and who will respect grades. fb FISKE & CO. PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND 51-59 DYER STREET Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Clore, Inc. No. 11 W. SOUTH WATER STREET CHICAGO WHOLESALE DEALERS AND CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUITS AND VEGETABLES All Popular Codes. Growers and full market value of their fruit. We have the best of connections on all the larger markets and the confidence and patronage of the carlot buyers on the smaller markets. We have the most favorable auction connections and a good auction market in Chicago. Cable Addresss “Cloefield.” d shippers of Western fruits must have proper connections in Chicago if they expect to realize THE BEST CHICAGO CONNECTION Bankers: National Bank of the Republic We have a large and attractive jobbing house on South Water Street and a thoroughly organized and competent sales force for handling local and country orders. We have the organization and equipment for obtaining the full market value of fruits and vegetables when con- ditions are most unfavorable, as well as favorable to sell. Let us hear from you at once as to what you have CRUTCHFIELD, WOOLFOLK & CLORE MAKING THE DESERT TO BLOSSOM AS THE ROSE ENTURIES ago the Aztecs and Spaniards grew amazing crops in the Lower Pecos and Rio Grande Val- leys of Western Texas by means of irri- gation. The frequent discovery of old canals in that locality is evidence of this fact. The writings of early travelers also tell us of the wonderful vineyards and orchards that once existed in these fer- tile regions of the great Southwest. The recent revival of the grape growing industry has forced the growers to look for a combination of soil and climate that GRAPE VINES OF THE LOWER PECOS AND RIO will produce a big yield of the grape, and the indisputable evidence of ancient vineyards in the above named valleys has turned their attention in that direction. As a result these old canals are being opened up and new canals are being con- structed until in many districts of these valleys there is a perfect network of laterals and ditches under irrigation reservoirs. Fruit experts from older states have gone into these districts and are already making a wonderful success. Pears, peaches and grapes have paid GRANDE VALLEYS OF WESTERN TEXAS upward of $500 an acre profit. Pears have won prizes at many ‘state and national fruit expositions. Grapes grown in the Lower Pecos Valley are said to possess a flavor that loses no favor when compared with the famous California varieties. Agricultural development of the Lower Pecos Valley has been retarded by lack of railroad transportation. Recently, however, the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient Railway Company ran its survey across this rich valley, and is now laying steel into Fort Stockton. With the com- ing of railway transportation orchardists and grape growers are flocking there from old established districts. Hundreds of thousands of peach and pear trees and millions of grape vines have been planted in the Lower Pecos Valley since January 1, 1911. This valley, under irrigation, promises to be the next important vine- yard of America. One hundred thousand acres of rich sandy loam can be irrigated and planted to orchards and vineyards. The rapid development now in progress leads experts to believe that this entire valley surrounding Fort Stockton will soon be one vast vineyard and orchard.— Contributed. J. F. LITTOOY CONSULTING HORTICULTURIST Orchard director, orchard schemes examined, orchard plans submitted, orchard soils and sites selected, nurseries visited and_ stock selected, values examined for farm loans, purchasing agent for land and orchard investments, acts as power of attorney in selection of Carey Act lands. MOUNTAIN HOME, IDAHO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 84 BETTER FRUIT August (INCORPORATED) SCALZO-FIORITA FRUIT CoO. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Headquarters for RUNES Largest Fruit and Produce House in America Box Apples EARS 70,000 Square Feet of Floor Space Oranges, Lemons EACHES Members Western Fruit Jobbers Association FORTY YEARS IN BUSINESS Correspondence invited with associations and individual growers desiring first-class connection in St. Louis. Auction facilities unequaled. Will buy outright or handle consignments, private sale or through St. Louis Fruit Auction. References: Franklin Bank, Dun and Bradstreet, any wholesale fruit house in the country. PROMPT SAFE RELIABLE LINCOLN, NEBRASKA | J. GRAINGER & CO. ESTABLISHED 1887 WHOLESALE FRUIT MERCHANTS Extensive Dealers in Extra Fancy Washington and Oregon REFERENCES Taree coh tien ir Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Prunes Corn Exchange National Bank, Chicago, Illinois Chatham & Phoenix National Bank, New York, N.Y. Managers of Associations will do well to correspond with us J. H. Bahrenburg, Bro. & Co. 103-105 Murray Street New York City, N. Y. WE ARE PREPARED TO HANDLE YOUR SHIPMPNiS OPA Eins in Foreign or Domestic Markets Our representatives in foreign markets are merchants with whom we have been associated in the apple business for a great many years, and whose ability we have learned to know. We are also prepared to offer you THE, BES® STORAGE FACIES OSS tiekinu) in New York State as well as in New York City - For any further particulars, write the above address. DISTRIBUTORS For Shippers and Associations weer (Green and Dried Fruits BROKERAGE COMMISSION Indianapolis, Indiana Unlimited Storage Facilities Correspondence Solicited WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ror BETTER FRUIT | Pree 85 ESTABLISHED 1866 A. B. DETWILER & SON CO. Commission Merchants and Wholesale Fruiterers—Foreign and Domestic 246 South Front Street and 117 Dock Street, PHILADELPHIA APPLES—CALIFORNIA, YORK STATE FLORIDA, WEST INDIA, MEDITERANEAN FRUITS Rae & Hatfield 317 Washington Street, New York Largest Handlers of Pacific Coast Fruits in the East REPRESENTING: THE FOREMOST WESTERN SHIPPING COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS ON THE NEW YORK MARKET Operating in All Producing Sections RELIABLE EXPERIENCED PROMPT _& GLIPPMANN IN BUSINESS OVER 30 YEARS Incorporated—Capital $100,000.00 On one of the most conspicuous corners of the fruit and produce district. Handle all kinds of produce and want to get in touch with Western shippers of peaches, plums, prunes, etc. Box apples we shall make a specialty. Prepared to handle business of large associations, being fortified with ample capital to take care of any deal. Correspondence solicited. Five Stories and Cellar cee ].& G. LIPPMANN Washington Streets. 338-340 Washington and 46-48 Harrison Streets, NEW YORK CITY We Want all Shippers of Green and Fresh Fruits to Write Us Auction Facilites Unequalled by any House in America iat B. PRESLEY CoO. ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA WHOLESALE FRUITS We handle thousands of cars of fruit yearly, Apples, Pears, Peaches, Prunes, Etc. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 86 BETTER FRUIT TWIN CITY MAY GET THE NATIONAL APPLE SHOW HE following clipping from the Min- neapolis Journal of June 28 is self- explanatory: Mr. Ren H. Rice, secretary of the Spo- kane National Apple Show, has been in conference with L. S. Donaldson and with officers of the Minneapolis Commer- cial Club on the proposition of combin- ing the apple show with the land show. Mr. Rice spent yesterday in conference with officials of the St. Paul Association of Commerce at the office of Secretary J. H. Beek. The plan of bringing the apple show east from Spokane and of combining it with the land show was dis- cussed in detail, but no decision was reached. Louis W. Hill, chairman of the executive committee of the land show, is absent from the city, but will be back in a day or two, and upon his return the matter will be decided. Prospects seem very favorable for securing for the Twin Cities the apple show that has been three times a big feature of the Western country, when held in Spokane. Last year there were 2,000,000 apples on exhibition and temporary buildings, J. M. Schmeltser, Secretary Hood River Abstract Company Hood River, Oregon ABSTRACTS INSURANCE CONVEYANCING = Sa covering three and one-half acres of ground, were erected. The National Apple Show, which is incorporated, is backed by the Spokane Chamber of Com- merce and the commercial interests of the great area commonly spoken of as the “Inland Empire.” That greater advantage might be obtained for exhib- itors and greater opportunity afforded the people to visit the show by holding it farther east, was suggested after the close of last year’s show in Spokane, and Mr. Rice was sent East with the author- ity from the board of trustees to make arrangements for holding the show here, if it can be satisfactorily worked out. Mr. Rice’s visit to Minneapolis is partly for the purpose of testing sentiment here as to the co-operation that may be expected from this city for the St. Paul show, and he found, he said, that Minne- apolis will give hearty support. The offer of Mr. Donaldson of a first prize of $1,000 in cash for the finest car lot exhibit is an important influence. Mr. Donaldson said today that his offer holds just as good for the apple show if held WHOLE ROOT TREES Are the only kind to set. Now is the time to make arrangements for your next fall’s requirements. We have a large, full line, and ask that you correspond with us. CARLTON NURSERY CO. CARLTON, OREGON OUR BOOKLET When the Going is Hard Contains information that is well worth your time to read. The discussion on ““A Wheel with One Spoke” is worth DOLLARS to you. We tell you why a wooden wheel is dished, which is something many wagon manufacturers do not know. There are about twenty-five other articles just as interesting. DAVENPORT ROLLER-BEARING STEEL FARM WAGON There are many reasons why the DAVENPORT is the wagon for the farmer today. Among these are: 30% to 50% Lighter Draft, Increased Carrying Capacity, Does Not Carry Mud, No Repair Bills, No Tires to Reset, and Many, Many More Better Investigate. Write for the booklet and also for our Package No. 22 Both sent FREP. John Deere Plow Company Moline, Illinois FREE DIRECTOR R. S. FRENCH, Business Moar., ff, THE ROLLER BEARING N FOR SHIPPERS Shipping Associations and individual growers find safety and sincere coopera- tion in 28 principal distributing markets of the U. S. by dealing with members of National League of Commission Merchanis 387 Merchant Members whose financial responsibility, moral standing, commend them to ship- pers everywhere. Membership List, copies of the League Bulletin and any spe- cific information NO. 204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK. personal integrity and sent promptly on request. Address. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT August The Hamlin School | A Boarding and Day School for Girls Comprising a French School for Little Children, Primary, Intermediate, High School and Post Graduate Departments, Household Economics, Drawing, Painting and Elocution. Accredited by the University of California, by Leland Stanford Junior University and by Eastern Colleges. Courses in Singing, Instrumental Music (piano, violin, organ, harp, flute, cello, etc.), Theory and Composition, Harmony, Sight Reading, Musical Dictation, Choral and Orchestral Practice, etc., are offered by the newly formed Music Department. For particulars in regard to the School, please send for prospectus, and address MISS SARAH D. HAMLIN, A. M. 2230 Pacific Avenue San Francisco Tit CHERRY CITY NURSERIES Claim their trees are the best, their prices right, and solicit your patronage for their fine line of ; Apple, Pear, Peach, Prune and Plum Trees and small fruits. Also ornamental trees and shrubs. Special attention given to roses. Send for catalogue and price list. J. H. LAUTERMAN, Salem, Oregon ORCHARDIST SUPPLY HOUSE FRANZ HARDWARE CoO. Hood River, Oregon A Safe Investment If you are interested in securing a home, or site for a home, in a city where you can spend the declining years of your life in peace and happiness, or if you have money to invest in a city of schools, churches, parks and improvements, where the great railroads of the country have centered and an unequaled harbor offers shelter to the shipping of the world, Seattle gives you an opportunity where steadily increasing values will United States. exchange. HAZEN CHASE, JR. & CO. 309 American Bank Building, Seattle, Washington Drain Tile Most Important Investment for the tiller of the soil Write for prices and free booklet Lang & Bullock, Inc. 601 Beck Building PORTLAND, OREGON TOIL BETTER FRUIT Page 87 in connection with the land show in St. Paul as if held in Minneapolis, and that while he has not given thought to the details the general idea of having the apple exhibit in the St. Paul Auditorium at the same time as the land show seems a good one. “T will give the $1,000 cash as a first The Old Reliable True-to-Name Nursery prize for car lot exhibit just the same if Offers to planters for the coming season our usual choice but limited stock of the leading commer- it is decided to hold the apple show in cial varieties adapted to the Northwest. It is important to know that the trees you buy will prove ” mene ‘< true-to-name; if not you have suffered an irreparable loss. You can avoid this loss and disappoint- St. Paul, Mr. Donaldson said. The ment by purchasing your trees from the aatteato Name Nursery—the nursery that has made good. St. Paul Auditorium, it seems to me, We personally select all our propagating wood from bearing and tested trees, and are therefore - A ; _ c : in a position, as we have been in the past, to guarantee our trees trwe-to-name. we ould be ah good place to hold it, and if If you are contemplating planting a large orchard it will pay you to come and see our stock. that is decided upon there will be good If you cannot personally examine our stock, write us at once, so we can take care of you. Address support and patronage from Minneapolis. The two cities will work together for the TRUE -TO -NAME NURSERY success of the show.” “Because Mr. Hill k HOOD RIVER, OREGON ; : : One year’s subscription to “Better Fruit” with every $25 order. is out of the city, and as much will rest with him, I cannot say what will be done, Yellow Newtown and Spitzenberg Trees a Specialty All Buds and Scions Selected from Bearing and Tested Trees TRUE-TO-NAME NURSERY H. S. GALLIGAN HOOD RIVER, OREGON NO AGENTS but I have been not only surprise, but We will ship you a r “RANGER” BICYCLE on approval, freight prepaid to any place in the United States without a cent deposit in advance, and NW) allow ten days free trial from the day you receive it. If it does not suit you in \ every way and is not all or more than we claim for it and a better bicycle than you can get anywhere else regardless of price, or if for any reason whatever you do not wish to keep it, WA ship it back to us at our expense for freight and you will zot be out one cent. delighted to find that there is in Minne- apolis and St. Paul a spirit of co-opera- tion that, in my judgment, insures in advance the great success of the show if held here,” Mr. Rice said. “If it comes there will be an apple display that in : 1 r beauty and magnitude will surprise the } save you $10 to $25 middlemen’s profit on every bicycle. Highest grade models with hse MW Puncture-Proof tires, Imported Roller chains, pedals, etc., at prices no higher than cheap people here. mi \ mail order bicycles; also reliable medium grade models at unheard of low prices. wee RIDER AGENTS WANTED in each town and district to ride and exhibit a sample Ny ro12 “Ranger”? Bicycle furnished by us. You will, be N i astonished at the wonderfully low prices and the liberal propositions and special offer we will i give on the first ror2 sample going to your town. Write at once for our special offer. i] DO NOT BUY a bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any price until you receive our catalogue i and learn our low prices and liberal terms. BICYCLE DEALERS, you can sell our bicycles under }/ your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received. * é jen SECOND HAND BICYCLES —a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will Wy be closed out at once, at $3 to $8 each. eae ited Soe ce Beene Ee etaie 4 rear wheels, innertubes, lamps, cyclo’ 5) H J 4 TIRES, COASTE BRA KE and everything in the bicycle line at half usual prices. !]] DO NOT WAIT but write today for our Large Cata/ogue beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund of {nteresting matter and useful information. It only costs a postal to get everything. Write it now. /MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept.( 345 CHICAGO, ILL. ot Cub ane , i | LOW FACTORY PRICES (yesh sMiower prices thay any other house. We i PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 1 and 2 Lambert-Sargeant Building Corner East Alder Street and Grand Avenue PORTLAND, OREGON “Hawkeye Tree Protector” Protects your trees against rabbits, mice and other tree gnawers; also against cut worms, sun scald, and skin- ning by cultivation. Cost is but a trifle. The value of one tree is more than the cost of all the Hawkeye Pro- tectors you will need. Write for prices and full description. Burlington Basket Co. STATE AGENTS G. M. Westland, Wenatchee, Wash. Fair Oaks Nursery Co., Traverse City, Mich. Welch Nursery Co., Madison, Ala. Parker Bros. Nursery Co., Fayetteville, Ark. C. H. Webster, The Dalles, Oregon F. F. Powell, Stevensville, Mont. Humphrey Nurseries, Humphrey, Neb. Geo. F. Hall, Wendall, Idaho Brown Bros. Nursery Co., Rochester, N. Y. Elizabeth Nursery Co., Elizabeth, N. J. H. C. Baker, Route 2, Tunkhannock, Pa. O. K. Nurseries, Wynnewood, Okla. Jefferson Nursery Co., Monticello, Fla. J. A. Hess, Salt Lake City, Utah Denver Nurseries, Denver, Colo. Frank Brown & Son Co., Paynesville, Minn. Elm Brook Farm Co., Hallowell, Me. A. G. Swanson, Maimisburg, Ohio P. T. Siniff, Carthon, Ohio E. B. Wells, Topeka, Kansas J. M. Sharp, Delavan, Wisconsin COMPLETE ELECTRIC LIGHT OUTFITS 8, 15 and 30 Lamps. Combination Dynamo-Storage Battery Type Especially designed for the electric lighting of ranches, country homes, stables ge Hes: While common coal oil lamps, acetylene systems and gasoline ae & etimes explode, this electric outfit positively cannot explode. The ot current is so harmless you eannot even feel the current. Make Your Own Electricity With this s: gasoline engine driving a dynamo or i i e generator during the day. The current is run into a storage battery. Charging of the storage battery ystem you generate electric current by the means of a small is done once or twice for other work. No skilled electrician needed to install attend. Automatic switchboard. pane Slits TUALtORNee sp ncandle: power pak ; Guaranteed. Inex- LOW COST pensive—first cost as wellas upkee b —| SEND FOR BOOKLET A x OL DEL GES a week, or whenever the engine is being run Gas Engines, Motors, Generators Q Pumping Plants 522 FIRST AVE. SO. SEATTLE, HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS _ Soon save their cost. Make every wagon aspring -\ wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc., bring more money, Ask for special proposition. Harvey Spring Co., 784 17th St., Racine, Wis. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 8S “\inneapolis and St. Paul make the gateway through which pass two-thirds of the people who go West for perma- nent residence. It is here that the exhibit should be placed that it may attract such people, and that the half million city people, and the thousands in Minnesota, the Dakotas, Wisconsin and Iowa, who are interested in horticulture scientif- ically, or as a business, may also have it within easy access. It would prove a great drawing card. I shall probably remain here until Mr. Hill returns, when the matter will go before the executive committee of the land show for consid- eration, but I have already learned enough to show me that if it is held here there is a spirit of unity between the two cities, and interest in it and a population density, both urban and sub- urban, within easy reach that will make it the greatest success ever.” BETTER FRUIT August “I HAVE SO LITTLE FUNGUS That I cannot afford to mark my fruit with bordeaux,” says Mr. George T. Powell, of Ghent, New York, a grower of fancy apples. “I have less scale and finer foliage than ever before. % Reason: Five years’ consecutive use of “SCALECIDE” Cheaper, more effective, and easier to apply than lime-sulphur Send for booklet, “Orchard Insurance” PRICES: In barrels and half-barrels, 50c per gallon; 10-gallon cans, $6.00; 5-gallon cans, $3.25; 1-gallon cans, $1.00 If Sou want cheap oils, our “CARBOLEINE” at 30c per gallon is the equal of anything else . G. PRATT CO., Manufacturing Chemists, 50 Church Street, NEW YORK CITY NURSERY CATALOG New, handsome, instructive, up-to-date, describing ” Fruit and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Berry Plants, etc. Free on request. Write now, mentioning this paper. J. B. PILKINGTON, Nurseryman, Portland, Oregon Now We've Got It A Potato Digger Worth While The Standard Elevator Potato Harvester Does the Work of 20 Men and Does it Better For a long time we have been wanting to offer our custom- ers and other farmers in the Pacific Northwest, a potato digger that would prove highly satisfactory in every respect. Until such time as we could supply one of this excellence we preferred to offer none at all. A good potato harvester is a money maker for the farmer. And we are delighted to be able to offer so excellent an article and keen to have our customers reap the profits that result in a tremendous saving in time, labor and money. This is How the Standard Operates The shovel enters the hill deep enough to get every potato. The shovel is slightly concaved. It breaks the outside of the hill and turns it toward the center of the shovel. The elevator is a sort of apron—an endless belt of linked steel rods. The motion of the apron loosens the dirt from the potatoes. The dirt falls through the spaces between the steel rods of the apron, to the ground. The potatoes, after being elevated to the highest point, are delivered to a rear apron which shakes off the last particle of dirt. The pota- toes are finally delivered on the ground at the rear of the digger in a narrow row. They are all there—every one— clean—none cut or bruised—easily picked up. Two levers control the entire machine. It is very easily guided and can be turned in a short space. The Standard Potato Harvester has high drive wheels, perfect traction, extremely light draft. Also a perfect Combination Evener for two, three or four horses. Direct center draft and each horse walks between the rows. Made of A No. 1 First Class material throughout. We can supply only a limited number this season. We want every one of our customers and all other farmers in the Pacific Northwest to know all about this marvel of a potato digger. We have anumber of descriptive booklets with illustrations and numerous testimonials from delighted users. One of these booklets free to every interested farmer—as long as they last. Be sure to get your copy. Send now. R. M. WADE & CO. Portland ota EsabisnedUp-toeDate Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 89 \ ZED ABERDEEN, SO. DAK. WE DISTRIBUTES Qari ad et py= DD RED = : \ CIPHERS ~ ANNUALLY OVERY (4 St a se oy Z = : Bre -CITRUS: ARMSBY: i, LE-ReS | Be | NO Ne Le INTERSTATE: INCORPORATED CAPITAL / mat r= U.S.ECONOMY- & SURPLUS -$ 400,000.90 GAMBLE & @ ROBINSON SOLICIT CONTRACTS ON GREEN. FRUITS AND BOX APPLES WE WANT To TALK BUSINESS WAGE ES EVERY SEDI PP EOR] © & APELES PEACHES PEAKS California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Nevada WRITE US TO-DAY, stating varieties, quantity and probable quality of fruit you expect to ship. Look up our standing; ask “Better Fruit’? or your bank ROBT. T. COCHRAN & CO. *NEw'¥orz* WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 90 BETTER FRUIT Hood River Valley Nursery Route No. 3, Box 227 HOOD RIVER, OREGON Company Phone 325X Will have for spring delivery a choice lot of one-year-old budded apple trees on three-year-old roots, the very best yearlings possible to grow. Standard varities from best selected Hood River bearing trees— Spitzenbergs, Yellow Newtowns, Ortleys, Arkansas Blacks, Gravensteins, Baldwins and Jonathans. All trees guaranteed first-class and true to name. Start your orchards right with budded trees from our nursery, four miles southwest from Hood River Station. WILLIAM ENSCHEDE, Nurseryman H. S. BUTTERFIELD, President For several years we have been supplying most of the nursery stock planted in the famous Wenatchee district. Our business has grown to one of the largest in the Northwest and we have gained a reputation of which we are proud. Experience has taught us how to grow the Cleanest, Healthiest, Best- Rooted Trees in the World. Our line is large and complete. Over two million trees sold last year. Our customers get what they order. Send in your list, whether large or small. COLUMBIA AND OKANOGAN NURSERY COMPANY Wholesale and Retail Wenatchee, Washington Dont Depend OnRai nfall For Your Water Supply The farmer who depends on rainfall for his irrigation generally finds that when his crops need water most they are least liable to get it. Make your irrigation system independent of rainfall and all other outside conditions by using one of the famous IHC Gasoline Engines They pump water from streams, lakes, rivers, or wells— economically, steadily, and easily. They are simple, strong, and durable, made on correct principles, of highest quality materials, by skilled workmen, in the best equipped engine factories in America. IHC Engines also do all other kinds of farm work, such as operating your feed grinder, clover huller, fodder cutter, and the like, better and cheaper than any other engine. The IHC line includes a style and size for every need. Vertical type—2, 3, 25, and 35-H. P.; horizontal—1 to 25- H. P.; semi-portable—1 to 8-H. P.; portable—1 to 25-H. P.; traction—12 to 45-H. P.; sawing, pumping, spraying, and grinding outfits, ete. Built to operate on gas, gasoline, kerosene, distillate, or alcohol—air-cooled or water-cooled. See the IHC local dealer, or, write nearest branch house today for our new catalogue. WESTERN BRANCH HOUSES: Denver, Col.; Helena, Mont.; Portland, Ore.; Spokane, Wash.; Salt Lake City, Utah; San Francisco, Cal. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA | Chicago (Incorzorated) USA 1 THC Service Bureau The Bureau isa center where the best ways of doing things onthe farm, and data relating A to its development are collected and distributed free to every One interest- ed in agriculture. Every available scource of intor-§ mation will be used in answering ques- tions on all farm subjects. If the questions are sent to the IHC Ser- vice Bureau they wiilreceive prompt attention. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT August Oregon Agricultural College The Oregon Agricultural College is eminent among the educational institu- tions of the West. It is notable because it serves the people, by and for whom it was established. Dignifies the Industries The farmer, the engineer, the mechanic, the business man, the housewife, the day laborer—these are its clients. Its business is the business of the common people—to aid, to inspire, to elevate, to quicken to new life the fundamental industries of a great and growing com- monwealth. DEGREE COURSES Agriculture—including major work in Agronomy, Animal Husbandry, Agri- cultural Chemistry, Bacteriology, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Horticulture, Poultry Husbandry, Veterinary Sci- ence; Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Domestic Science and Art, Forestry, Commerce, and Pharmacy. OTHER COURSES Secondary, winter and summer short courses in Agriculture, Domestic Sci- ence and Art, Forestry, Commerce, and Mechanical Arts; Music, Voice, Piano, Stringed and Band Instruments. Strong faculty. Modern equipment. Twenty-five buildings; 1,800 students. College opens September 22. Catalog and illustrated literature free on appli- cation. Address Registrar Oregon Agricultural College Corvallis, Oregon MONEY might be Made and Saved if you would write me today. I can keep your books, write your letters by hand or on machine, assist in shipping, billing, getting new business and “lining up” old customers; help harvest crops and do any other work. In other words, I am an experi- enced office clerk, but having lived in the country all my life I know much about farm work, horses, cattle and orchards, and am confident almost any business man in the Northwest can afford to hire me. Am now located on the Atlantic Coast, but am anxious to secure a position in the Pacific Northwest—Oregon or Washington preferred. I should like to have position secured before leaving home. Age 26; perfect health; references if de- sired. If you need more help I ask as a favor that you write me stating what you have to offer. Address R. L. JUDGE, Govans, Balto. Co., Md. IoIl BETTER FRUIT Page 91 NEWPORT YAQUINA BAY OREGON’S POPULAR BEACH RESORT An Ideal Retreat for outdoor pastimes of all kinds. Hunting, Fishing, Boating, Surf Bathing, Riding, Autoing, Canoeing, Dancing and Roller Skating. Where pretty water agates, moss agates, moonstones, carnelians can be found onthe beach. Pure mountain water and the best of food at low prices. Fresh fish, clams, crabs and oysters, with abundance of veget- ables of all kinds daily. Camping Grounds Convenient and Attractive WITH STRICTLY SANITARY REGULATIONS Com anne SUNSET LOW ROUND-TRIP SEASON TICKETS from all points in Oregon, Washington and Idaho on sale daily. Three-Day Saturday-Monday ‘Tickets from Southern Pacific points Portland to Cottage Grove; also from all C. & E. stations Albany and west. Good going Saturday or Sunday and for return Sunday or Monday Call on any S. P. or C.& E. Agent for full particulars as to fares, train schedules, etc. also for copy of our illustrated booklet, “Outings in Oregon,” or write to WM. McMURRAY General Passenger Agent Portland, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page Q2 BETTER FRUIT THE INTERSTATE FAIR AT SPOKANE, WASHINGTON NCREASED prize lists in every department and new buildings that will avoid the overcrowding complained of last year represent part of the outlay of $126,000 that the Spokane Interstate Fair is making on its week of entertain- ment this year, October 2-8. To help take the place of the National Apple Show, which will not be held in Spokane this year, the fair association has nearly doubled the value of its apple prizes, this class of exhibits receiving the largest advance over previous years. The apple prizes aggregate $1,458.50, and other fruit classes will be more liberally taken care of than ever before. Irrigated and non-irrigated products will receive the same consideration. Extensive improvements, for the most designed to take care of big crowds, are now being made at the fair grounds. An addition to the grand stand will seat 2,000 additional persons and coin-oper- ated turnstiles will be used at some of the entrances to do away with the cus- tomary crush at the gates on “big days.” There is room for two hundred head of cattle in the new barn, which. with the horse quarters, will be electric lighted for the convenience of night crowds. Mining and manufacturing exhibits will be housed in a new building, and their old home turned over to a dairy and pure food show. A large section of territory west of the main exhibit hall, never before utilized, will be covered with restaurants and other concessions, shut out from under the grand stand by the enlargement of the automobile dis- play section. There will be more racing horses quartered at the grounds during fair week than have come to Spokane in years, the chief contributing cause being the projected Lake City meet, run on a “wide open” basis, just across the Idaho line. This meeting, which will attract the best running horses of the North- western and Coast stables, will adjourn for a week to permit owners in attend- ance to race at the fair. Good cards in the harness are assured by an early entry list of seventy-five pacers and trotters for the principal harness events stakes. As before, the Spokane Derby, , ‘HE fruit grower or trucker who uses an Inter- national Commercial Car “gets there” quicker and more often than the man who uses horses and wagons. The International makes two to four trips while the horse-drawn vehicle is making one. The man who uses an international goes whenever and wherever he pleases, regardless of road or weather conditions, while the man who uses horses and wagons must wait for good roads and good weather. The International Commercial Car saves work, time, and money, thereby adding to your profits. Allin all, considering the mattercarefully from every point of view, you will find that you must have an International Commercial Car if you are to attain the greatest profit from your Get all the facts—read what the International has possibilities. meant to others—actual facts and figures, not theories. I HC local dealer and inspect one of these cars, or write nearest branch house for catalogues and information. WESTERN BRANCH HOUSES—Denver, Col.; Helena, Mont.; Portland, Ore.; Spokane, Wash.; Salt Lake City, Utah; San Francisco, Cal. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY of AMERICA Chicago (Incorporated) 115 Harvester Building See the USA WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT August worth $2,000, will be the most impor- tant race. Manager R. H. Cosgrove announces that he has secured as amusement fea- tures two of the Glenn Curtiss aviators, an Italian concert band led by Francesco Ferullo, the Parker No. 1 Carnival Com- pany and Frank G. Odell of Lincoln, Nebraska, whose feats with bees at the First National Apple Show were a feature of that exposition. Ten thou- sand dollars will be spent on a night spectacle to be called “Pioneer Days in the Palouse.” This will be staged in front of the grand stand, and will show a reproduction of the streets of a Palouse town in the ‘80s with realistic “wild West” features. Fireworks will, as before, be a part of the night show. ~BEE a Ae Are standard—the best to be had for money-making purposes. We are Agents for Lewis Bee Ware. Send for Catalog. Most authoritative Bee Book issued, 84 pages of definite information. Illustrated. |The Chas.H.Lilly Co. Seattle. ao w wa Cc. M. SHAW Dean & Shaw Electrical Supplies and Fixtures Scientific Electrical Construction ROY F. DEAN Home Phone 3 Hood River, Oregon RICHLAND NUBSERY CO. GOOD ROOTS MEAN GOOD FRUITS It is impossible to get good stock from poor roots, because the future growth and harvest depends on the strength of the roots when planted. We make a specialty of perfectly rooted trees and plants, and spare no effort to live up to this reputation in dealing with customers. Our stock is home grown, hardy and specially adapted to the Pacific Northwest. SEND FOR CATALOGUE 46 pages, illustrated, with full cul- tural directions and accurate descrip- tions true to name. We sell every variety of fruit and ornamental trees, berry plants, vines, shrubs, perennial plants, etc., wholesale and retail. Catalog sent immediately on request. RICHLAND NURSERY CO., INC. Breithaupt Brothers & James Proprietors RIGHLAND . WASH BETTER FRUIT THE TOOL that SAVES a TOOL The Getatue D O M ES T | Cc f/Now $e AMONTH Hy You can place the latest i made lig enuine ames Why buy two tools when one will do two kinds queen of. all sewing of work and do it better and easier? Clark’s What Prof. Bailey Says original “Cutaway”? Harrow can be used as a field harrow and its extension head frame converts it into an orchard harrow. Drawn by two medium horses and will cut 28 to 30 acres or double cut machines,in your home, 4 i use it continually while y paying $2 a month, and en- joy a very special price INTENSIOE | direct to you or from our nearest Pe acency. A magnificent machine--a stupendous offer. We Will Take Your Old Machine if you wish and make a liberal allowance on a splendid new Domestic. And you can still take ad- vantage ofthe special price and easy erms. ESTIC The perfect sewing machine that has always led all other makes and is today better tham ever. Two machines jn one--lock stitch and chain stiteh, Straight drop- head, high arm, ball bearing. A complete set of attachments- every one practical, ete., made for every-day use. The Domestic is arevelation of modern sewing machine progress. Find out aboutit. SEND FOR BOOK, FREE, The Truth About_ Sewing Machines,”’ telling you how you can have the finest sewing mach- ine made at a Special Low Price and at ONLY $2a month. Learn why we sell direct where we haveno agent and give youa 25 YKAR GUARANTEE, Get the facts before you buy any machine- This Free Literature will save you money. Send for it NOW. Domestic Sewing Machine Co., 48 Jackson Bivd., Dept, 414 Chicago. a Mills College NEAR OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA The only Woman’s College on the Pacific Coast. Chart- ered 1885. Ideal climate. Entrance and graduation re- quirements equivalent to those of Standford and University of California. Well equipped laboratories. Grounds com- prise one hundred and fifty acres. Special care for health, out- door life. Pres. Luella Clay Carson, A. M., Litt. D., LL.D. Yor catalogue address Secretary, Mills College P. O., Calif 15 acres in a day. “The Double Ac- *Cutaway’ been I use tion Harrow has satisfactory. it almost continu- ously on our hard clay land with good Tesults.”” able when done properly. Clark’s “Cutaway” tools are used and endorsed by satisfied users through- out this entire country. Also in several foreign countries. Why? Because they decrease labor and increase crops. Our disks are made of cutlery steel shaped and sharpcn- ed in our own shops and are the only enuine ‘‘Cutaway” isks. Beware of imitations and infringements. We make A tool for every crop. it your dealer can’t supply the genu- ine“‘Cutaway,” write us your needs.Satisfaction guaranteed. Prompt shipments. Send a pos- tal today for our new catalogue ‘Intensive } Cultivation.” It’s Free. CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 940 MAIN STREET, HIGGANUM, CONN. Mitchell, Lewis & Staver Co., Western Agents, Portland, Oregon NORTHWEST GROWERS’ UNIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS E publish free in this column the name of any fruit growers’ organ- ization. Secretaries are requested to furnish particulars for publication. Oregon Eugene Fruit Growers’ Association, Eugene; Ashland Fruit and Produce Association, Ashland; Hood River Fruit Growers’ Union, Hood River; Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, Hood River; Grand Ronde Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, La Grande; Milton Fruit Growers’ Union, Milton; Douglas County Fruit Growers’ Association, Rose- burg; Willamette Valley Prune Association, Salem; Mosier Fruit Growers’ Association, Mosier; The Dalles Fruit Growers’ Union, The Dalles; Salem Fruit Union, Salem; Albany Fruit Growers’ Union, Albany; Coos Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Marshfield; Estacada Fruit Growers’ Association, Estacada; Umpqua Valley Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Roseburg; Hyland Fruit Growers of Yamhill County, Sheridan; Newburg Apple Grow- ers’ Association, Newberg; Dufur Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Dufur; McMinnville Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, McMinnville; Coquille Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Myrtle Point; Stanfield Fruit Growers’ Association, Stanfield; Oregon City Fruit and Produce Association, Oregon City; Lin- coln County Fruit Growers’ Union, Toledo; Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association, Medford; Mount Hood Fruit Growers’ Association, Sandy; Northeast Gaston Farmers’ Association, Forest Grove; Dallas Fruit Growers’ Association, Dallas; Northwest Fruit Exchange, Portland; Springbrook Fruit Growers’ Union, Springbrook; Cove Fruit Growers’ Association, Cove; Santiam Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Lebanon; Washington County Fruit Growers’ Association, Hillsboro; Benton County Fruit Growers’ Association, Corvallis. Washington Kennewick Fruit Growers’ Association, Kenne- wick; Wenatchee Fruit Growers’ Union, Wenat- chee; Puyallup and Sumner Fruit Growers’ Asso- Ciation, Puyallup; Vashon Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Vashon; Mt. Vernon Fruit Growers’ Association, Mt. Vernon; White Salmon Fruit Growers’ Union, White Salmon; Thurston County Fruit Growers’ Union, Tumwater; Bay Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Tacoma; Whatcom County Fruit Growers’ Association, Curtis; Yakima Valley Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Granger; Buckley Fruit Growers’ Association, Buckley; Lewis River [Fruit Growers’ Union, Woodland; Yakima County Horticultural Union, North Yakima; Evergreen [Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, R8, Spokane; White River Valley Fruit and Berry Growers’ Association, Kent; Spokane Highland Fruit Growers’ Association, Shannon; Lake Chelan Fruit Growers’ Association, Chelan; Zillah Association, Toppenish; Union, Kiona; Mason Association, Shelton; Growers’ Kiona Fruit Growers’ County Fruit Growers’ Clarkston Fruit Growers’ Association, Clarkston; Prosser Fruit Growers’ Association, Prosser; Walla Walla Fruit and Vegetable Union, Walla Walla; The Ridgefield Fruit Growers’ Association, Ridgefield; The Felida Prune Growers’ Associa- tion, Vancouver; Grand View Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Grandview; Spokane Valley Fruit Growers’ Company, Spokane; Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, North Yakima; Southwest Washington Fruit Growers’ Association, Chehalis; The Touchet Valley Fruit and Produce Union, Dayton; Lewis County Fruit Growers’ Association, Centralia; The Green Bluffs Fruit Growers’ Association, Mead; Garfield Fruit Growers’ Union, Garfield; Golden- dale Fruit and Produce Association, Goldendale; Spokane Inland Fruit Growe Association, Keis- ling; Elma Fruit and Produce Association, Elma; Granger Fruit Growers’ Association, Granger; Cashmere Fruit Growers’ Union, Cashmere; Stev- ens County Fruit Growers’ Union, Myers Falls; Fruit Dryden Fruit Growers’ Union, Dryden; White Salmon Valley Apple Growers’ Union, Underwood. Idaho Southern Idaho Fruit Shippers’ Association, Boise; New Plymouth Fruit Growers’ Association, New Plymouth; Payette Valley Apple Growers’ Union, Payette; Parma-Roswell Fruit Growers’ Association, Parma; Weiser Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Weiser; Council Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Council; Nampa Fruit Growers’ Association, Nampa; Lewiston Orchard Producers’ Association, Lewiston; Boise Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Boise; Caldwell Fruit Growers’ Association, Caldwell; Emmett Fruit Growers’ Association, Emmett; Twin Falls Fruit Growers’ Association, Twin Falls; Weiser River Fruit Growers’ Association, Weiser; Fruit Growers’ Association, Moscow. Colorado San Juan Fruit and Produce Growers’ Asso- ciation, Durango; Fremont County Fruit Growers’ Association, Canon City; Rocky Ford Melon Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Plateau and Debeque Fruit, Honey and Produce Association, Debeque; The Producers’ Association, Debeque; Surface Creek Fruit Growers’ Association, Austin; Longmont Produce Exchange, Longmont; Manza- nola Fruit Association, Manzanola; Delta County Fruit Growers’ Association, Delta; Boulder County Fruit Growers’ Association, Boulder; Fort Collins Beet Growers’ Association, Fort Collins; La Junta Melon and Produce Company, La Junta; Rifle Fruit and Produce Association, Rifle; North Fork Fruit Growers’ Association, Paonia; Fruita Fruit and Produce Association, Fruita; Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, Clifton, Palisade, WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT The genuine “Cutaway” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists and aerates the soil. Working the soil this way lets in the air, sunshine and new life and kills foul vegetation. cultivation makes large crops. ers, orchardists, gardeners and planters know that intensive cultivation is profit- Original “Cutaway” CLUISETION | Thorough Successful farm- 160% Crops 0 Send today for this Free Bock Grand Junction; Palisade Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Palisade; Peach Growers’ Association, Pal- isade; Colorado Fruit and Commercial Company, Grand Junction; Montrose Fruit and Produce Association, Montrose; Hotchkiss Fruit Growers’ Association, Hotchkiss; Paonia Fruit Exchange, Paonia; Colorado Fruit Growers’ Association, Delta: Crawford Fruit Growers’ Association, Craw- ford: Amity Cantaloupe Growers’ Association, Amity; Pent County Melon Growers’ Association, Las Animas; Capitol Hill Melon Growers’ Associa- tion, Rocky Ford; Denver Fruit and Vegetable Association, Denver; Fair Mount Melon Growe 5’ Association, Swink; Fowler Melon Growers’ Asso- ciation, Fowler; Granada Melon Growers’ Associa- g Fruit and Produce tion, Granada; Grand Valley Association, Grand Junction; Independent Fruit Growers’ Association, Grand Junction; JKouns Party Cantaloupe Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford: Lamar Melon Growers’ Association, Lamar, Loveland Fruit Growers’ Association, Loveland; Manzanola Orchard Association, Manzanola; New- dale Melon Growers’ Association, Swink; Roaring Fork Potato Growers’ Association, Carbondale; Woods Melon Growers’ Association, Las Animas. Montana Bitter Root Fruit Growers’ Association, Hamilton. Utah Farmers and Fruit Growers’ Forwarding Asso- ciation, Centerville; Ogden Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Ogden; Brigham City Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Brigham City; Utah County Fruit & Produce Association, Provo; Willard Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Willard; Excelsior Fruit & Prod- uce Association, Clearfield (Postoffice Layton R. F. D.); Centerville Fruit Growers’ Association, Centerville; Bear River Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Bear River City; Springville Fruit Growers’ Association, Springville; Cache Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Wellsville; Green River Fruit Gorwers’ Association, Green River. New Mexico San Juan Fruit and Produce Association, Farm- ington. British Columbia British Columbia Fruit Growers’ Association, Victoria; Victoria Fruit Growers’ Exchange, Vic- toria: Hammond Fruit Growers’ Union, Hammond; Hatzic Fruit Growers’ Association, Hatzic: West- ern Fruit Growers’ Association, Mission; Mission Fruit Growers’ Association, Mission; Salmon Arm Farmers’ Exchange, Salmon Arm; Armstrong Fruit Growers’ Association, Armstrong; Okanogan Fruit Union, Limited, Vernon; Kelowna Farmers’ Ex- change, Limited, Kelowna; Summerland Fruit Growers’ Association, Summerland; Kootenay Fruit Growers’ Union, Limited, Nelson; Grand Forks Fruit Growers’ Association, Grand Forks; Boswell- Kootenay Lake Union, Boswell; Queens Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Queens Bay; Kaslo Horticul- tural Association, Kaslo; Creston Fruit and Pro- duce Exchange, Creston. Page 94 BETTER FRUIT August “The Edgemont Lid Press’ “<3 se Write H. PLATT & SONS, Como, Montana | The Nearest Approach to Sunlight | | Stranahan cOae ese eae eyes—Acetylene. Far superior to electricity, and &z Clark The Jenne Pit Acetylene Generator DEALERS IN will furnish the average house with perfect light for six months without atten- Commercial Fertilizers tion during that time. Our 100-pound generator can be recharged by one man ° in less than 30 minutes. Land Plaster, Lime YOU CAN COOK WITH ACETYLENE the same as with city gas. Your P] P c G | cooking will be accomplished with less bother and attention and your kitchen aster aTls, ement will be cool and pleasant. You can heat water for the entire house with water . ° | coils. By our new system you can Building Plasters light acetylene anywhere in your house, barn, chicken house, etc., by HOOD RIVER, OREGON simply pressing a button. VEHICLES AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS THE BEST OF ORCHARD AND GARDEN TOOLS A SPECIALTY GILBERT - VAUGHAN IMPLEMENT CO. The Jenne sells for one-half the cost of others of equal capacity. In dura- bility, ‘simplicity, economy, safety, convenience and positive action, we stand head and shoulders above all others. BURIED IN THE GROUND LIKE A CISTERN. It is automatic in action in all kinds of weather—cannot freeze—absolutely safe—cannot get out of order. Remember, our generator means a permanent improvement increasing the cash value of your house just as a furnace or a new roof would. It is not an expense, but an investment, and will last for one hundred years or more. HEADQUARTE RS FOR Remember this—it is the ONLY one made in this country that is so perfect in construction and safe in its operations that it does not have to go before the National Board of Underwriters for their examination and approval before it can be sold and installed. C Full information cheerfully furnished relative to entire cost of lighting your house and adjoining buildings THE DVIE ENC! SPRAY PUMPS 305-309 YEON BUILDING PORTLAND, OREGON Hose, Nozzles, First- HOOD RIVER, OREGON class Plumbing Supplies RHODES DOUBLE CUT HE only PRUNING SHEAR _ i runer ( H . S U M N E R y , 33 SBE made that cuts z ee aaa from both sides of Successor to Norton & Smith the limb and does not Patd June 2, 1903. Movin alae owe HOOD RIVER, OREGON pay Express charges eee ‘ ES on all ore The Ideal Dog for the Country Home is RHODES MFG. CO., circular and SRD RAPS, HTS aoe | The Airedale Terrier As a watch dog, a “pal’’ or a companion for children he has no equal. AT STUD—Kootenai Admiral,” sire of “Kootenai Commander,’ winner of first puppy and first novice awards at Seattle and Tacoma shows this year. BROOD MATRON—“Clipstone Sunbeam,” winner of ten firsts and six specials at New York and Minneapolis in 1909. a $350, on long time and easy payments, buys PAY BIG A litter of splendid puppies from the above pay a ten-acre apple orchard tract in the beautiful mating will be ready for delivery September Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Other lands 1, 1911. $15 per acre and up. Write for beautiful For particulars address or call on, booklets and excursion rates. C. W. J. RECKERS F. H.LaBaume, Agricultural Agent N.& W.Ry., Box 2076, Roanoke, Virginia Klickitat Kennels, White Salmon, Wash. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOTTI BETTER FRUIT per $20 is Earning Capacity Will Pay for Itself in Less Than Three Weeks. Operated by One Man, » Sim- .66 C 99 Neat, Compact ™ “King , of the Woods Durable : : The 4 h. p. Waterloo Boy engine is a separ- | ate unit. Can be re-f Will saw 20 to 40 cords of \wood per day at a cost of $1. PULLS ITSELF \ up hiil or down. Costs \ 15 per cent less than other makes not as good. There’s more you ought toknow. Our catalog con- tains complete >», description and >) prices: sent FREE with tes- timonials from enthusiastic users. ASK FoR CATALOG C 5 Page 95 The Proof of the Pudding is in the Eating Claims are easily made, but not always easily proven. We would not make the claims we do for the high quality of our stock if we were not convinced of their truth, and if we didn’t have so many compliments from customers on the superiority of our trees, and the most excellent manner in which they were packed, enabling them to arrive at destina- tion in prime condition. This last item, good packing, is easily over- looked by many, but is one of importance, and is one of the many instances where our attention to detail keeps up the high standard of Our trees. Reierson Machinery Co. "ticon’ SOLE MANUFACTURERS Have you seen our new 74-page catalog? It’s a beauty. Better send for it. VALLEY _~ Toppenish \ onevinFfY] Washington THE KIND YOU CAN’T KEEP IN THE GROUND They grow, and are true to name ee S : Write for prices on your wants 188 Front Street ie Je BUTZER Portland, Oregon Poultry Supplies, Spray, Spray Materials, Fruit Trees, Etc. More Salesmen wanted. Hood River Nurseries Have for the coming season a very complete line of NURSERY STOCK Newtown and Spitzenberg propagated from selected bearing trees. Make no mistake, but start your orchard right. Plant generation trees. Hood River (Clark Seedling) strawberry plants in quantities to suit. Send for prices. Deming Spray Pumps RAPID AND THOROUGH WORK The secret of successful spraying is to get over your trees as fast as possible, and at the same time do thorough work. Every minute is precious—when the petals have dropped and the calyx is closing, for ex- ample—and Wwe make Deming Spray Pumps so they will save the minutes. Deming Outfits are made for speed and good work. With our larger hand pumps, and the powerful gasoline engine machines, you can run two or three leads of hose at once, each carrying several nozzles, and you can cover a tree in a few minutes. RAWSON & STANTON, Hood River, Oregon Getin touch with the Dem- ing dealer in your town—or Nursery Stock of Absolute Reliability That’s the only kind to buy. Good trees bring success and poor trees failure. Fruit growers know this. They do not experiment. They buy non-irrigated, whole root, budded trees, and we number scores of them on our list of well pleased customers. We have prepared this season for an immense business. That means trees, trees, trees without limit as to variety and quantity. We also have an immense stock of small fruits and ornamentals. We _ solicit your confidence, and will take care of the rest. Catalogue on application. write CRANE CO. PacificCoast Agents Portland, Seattle Spokane, San Francisco The Deming Company 870 Depot Street Salem, Ohio Hydraulic Rams Hand and Power Pumps For All Uses Salem Nursery Company, salem, Oregon Reliable and live salesmen wanted. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 96 The tone is the Jewel. The case is the Setting. The combination is the Steinway—the Perfect Piano. VICTOR TALKING MACHINES and SHEET MUSIC FRUIT GROWERS, YOUR ATTENTION! Royal Ann, Bing and Lambert cherry trees; Spitzenberg and Newtown apple trees; Bartlett, Anjou and Comice pears, and other varieties of fruit trees. A. HOLADAY BETTER FRUIT is blessed with God’s greatest gift to man, and if he uses that power to increase the happiness of his fellow men he becomes a bene- factor to the human race. The world owes homage to the men who have devoted their burning energies to the consumma- tion of one purpose, to the final and most perfect development of an ideal. The Steinway Piano Is an example of the grand result of years of persistent, purposeful striving after the very highest musical ideal. Sons have taken up the task where fathers left off, so that alternate generations of genius, working through the finest plano factory in the world, have evolved the Steinway—a piano that has long since been acknowledged the musical masterpiece of the ages. | i E who is blessed with the power to create Priced at $575, $625, $775 and up to $1,600. Of course you can buy a piano cheaper, but it will be a cheaper piano. Why not get the best? SIXTH AND MORRISON PORTLAND, OREGON Exclusive Steinway Representatives MONTE VISTA NURSERY SCAPPOOSE, OREGON August E! Amazing *“‘DETROIT’’ Kero- i \ sene Engine shipped on 16 days’ Mt HK i FREE Trial, proves kerosene | i cheapest, safest, most powerful fuel. If satisfied, pay lowest price ever given on re iable farm engine; if not, pay nothing. Gasoline Going Up! Automobile owners are burning up so much gaso- f linethat the world’ssupply {| is runningshort. Gasoline is 9c to 1c higher than coal oil. Still going up. Two pints of coal oil do work of three pints gasoline. No — waste, no evaporation, no eS explosion from coal oil. Amazing “DETROIT” The “DETROIT” is the only engine that handles coal oil successfully; uses alcohol, gasoline and benzine, too. Starts without cranking. Basic patent—only three moving parts—no cams—no sprockets—no gears—no valyes—the utmost in simplicity, power and strength. Mounted on skids. All sizes, 2 to 20h p., in stock ready toship Complete engine tested just before crating. Comes allreadytorun. Pumps, saws, threshes, churns, separates milk, grinds feed, shells corn, runs home elcctric-lighting plant. Prices (stripped), $29.50 up. fee any blace en 15 days’ Free Trial. Don't buy an engine il you investigate amazing, money-saving, Ow er-savin; “DETROIT.” Thousands in use. Dosts only Sl to find out If youare first in your neighborhood to write, we will allow you Special Extra-Low Introductory price. Write! Detroit Engine Works, 507 Bellevue Ave.. Detroit. Mich. Paste for Labeling “PALO ALTO” PASTE POWDER added to cold water, instantly makes a beautiful, smooth, white paste. Ready for immediate use at a cost of ten cents a gallon. No labor. No muss. No spoiled paste. Paste Specialists ROBINSON CHEMICAL WORKS 349-351 Eighth Street San Francisco, California STORAGE Ship your Furniture to us to be stored until you are located Transfer & Livery Co. Hood River, Oregon We Own and Have for Sale 1000 Acres The A. C. Bohrnstedt Co. 917 Andrus Minneapolis, Minn. Building = We) Gentlemen: Please send me your ~& @ of Willamette Valley Non-Irrigated FruitLand This is being sold in tracts of five, ten and twenty acres and 26 upwards. x p Willamette Valley Orchard Homes booklet. I have about $........ to invest. Would like about acres. IN ferret eee oe 9 ae PRCGIGIS SG: a Seeee ae eeeeeneer eee WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT We care for the orchards under the supervision of scien- tific horticulturists until the end of the fifth year development period. THE A. C. BOHRNSTEDT COMPANY NOS Ng 917 Andrus Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota ‘ Branch Offices: 304 U. S. National Bank Building, A) Sac nero: Ee Salem; Creswell, and Macleay, Oregon Bo econ 2s eS Poe sence scisece es << TOIL ASHLAND DISTRICT of the ROGUE RIVER VALLEY Orchards near the city of Ashland, Oregon, hold the highest records for productiveness per acre, in com- parison with all the other orchard localities of similar size. A booklet descriptive of the many resources of this city and the sur- rounding country will be sent free on applying to the Publicity Depart- ment of the Ashland Commercial Club, Ashland, Oregon. BETTER FRUIT Page 07 it Pay. Why Bother with Irrigation P PHOENIX LUMBER CO. SPOKANE, WASH. ABOUT Cut Over Lands YOU CAN BUY CHEAP Ask the People Using Our Boxes About Quality and Service WE MAKE EVERYTHING IN FRUIT PACKAGES Multnomah Lumber & Box Co. Portland, Oregon Jobbers of Pearson Cement-Coated Box Nails WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT Has no peer in the Northwest. And so we have established The Fruit Journal along similar lines in behalf of the great irrigated fruit districts of the Rocky Mountain region, a com- panion paper to this, your favorite fruit magazine. We have made it up-to-date, clean, high class editorially, mechanically and pictorially. The subscription rate is $1.00 per year. It 1s) worth it. THE INTERMOUNTAIN FRUIT JOURNAL Grand Junction, Colorado Page 9&8 BETTER FRUIT August TREES THAT GROW Mr. W. W. Butler, of Grand View, Wash- ington, in the Yakima Valley, is one of our customers. One day last fall he was kind enough to hand us some snap shot photos of some of the trees he had obtained of us in previous seasons. We reproduce herewith two of these small photos, which were not taken for reproduc- tion, but which nevertheless give some idea of the results obtained with our stock. Mr. Butler is but one of thousands of our customers who have done equally well with our trees, and the showing made here can be duplicated times without number. “IT’S THE ROOT,” and the top, and the freedom from pest, and the fact that they are matured before digging and that they reach the customer in the best of condition, that makes it worth while to buy our trees. They are grown on the best of soil, under irrigation, both of which, with months of sun- shine and constant cultivation, produce an unsurpassed root system and a clean, well- balanced top. There are no pests here to infest the trees or roots. Our splendid fall weather ripens the wood fiber without starting a new growth, as is > often the case in the rain belt, for we water Rome Beauty Trees in Mr. W. W. for the last time in August and Nature and the Spitzenberg Trees in Mr. W. W. Butler’s orchard at Grand View, cultivator do the rest. Butler’s orchard at Grand View, Washington, seven months from A fine stock of good trees for fall and spring Washington, thirty months from date of planting. Bought of Wash-_ delivery this season. date of planting. Bought of Wash- ington Nursery Company, Toppe- Send us your order or give it to our sales- ington Nursery Company, Toppe- nish, Washington man. nish, Washington W ashington Nursery Co., Toppenish, Wesh, More salesmen wanted in good * unoccupied territory. Write us. , Pearson-Page Co. tig Da | 131-133 Front Street ORANGE? BOXZ NE TRS IEF PORTLAND, OREGON Coopers peel! | SPRAY | APELE FLUIDS Solicit Your Consignments SUITABLE FOR EVERY PURPOSE Reliable Market Reports Prompt Cash Returns Read what Hood River says Hood River, Oregon, Nov. 27, 1909. O This is to certify that I have used Cooper’s Pearson oated Nails Tree Spray Fluids, V1, for killing San Jose : x scale and found it very effectual. aves (ae A Reputation to Sustain G. R. Castner, County Fruit Inspector. RECOGNIZED STANDARD ° APTERITE Fruit Box Nails V ineland THE SOIL FUMIGANT To insure always getting DESPROMS SUNS Cass een Gaey ies it ‘ GROUND Pee Nurseries REDUCES ee SAVES PROFITS Full Count Nails IT WILL PAY YOU TO INVESTIGATE i . ( mM Write for 1910 booklet (32 pages) Sta UM eaanbc ne neunyiancun hea a O pany Testimony from fruit growers substitute. ieee Why not accept this advice when Clarkston. Washington WY PEARSON’S cost no more? x 8 Agent: J C. Pearson Co PROPAGATORS OF Cc. G. ROBERTS pene : 247 Ash Street Portland, Oregon Boston, Massachusetts s 7 Sole Manufacturers Reliable Nursery Stock Sole Manufacturers: 315 Mona ea oon eo All stock budded from bearing trees, William Cooper & Nephews Pacific Coast Sales Agents fruit and ornamental CHICAGO, ILLINOIS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ANYTHING IN SHEET STEEL STEEL PIPES SAVE WATER STEEL PIPES SAVE LABOR YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WAIT FOR STEEL PIPES TO “SOAK UP” AND THEY LAST INDEFINITELY WE MANUFACTURE Galvanized Steel Pipe Storage Tanks Galvanized Steel Culverts Pressure Tanks Asphaltum Coated Pipe Steel Flumes Columbia Hydraulic Rams COLUMBIA ENGINEERING WORKS, Portland, Oregon 425 Boxes of Jonathans From 100 Four-Year-Old Trees So writes Mr. Penhallegon of Wenatchee concerning the trees which he purchased from us a few years ago. We can furnish YOU trees that will duplicate the above yield. Orenco trees are grown on new, clean soil each year, insuring only healthy, vigorous, dependable trees. Orenco Trees Are Grown by CULTIVATION Not IRRIGATION This insures trees that have made a steady, uniform growth with firm, solid wood tissue, strong constitution, and lots of “vim.” Orenco trees make good with planters. They ll make good with you. Results is what you want—Orenco trees will bring these results. They're bringing them to others—why not you? Let us send you our booklet “Describing Our Plant.” You'll find it interesting. If you want 12 trees or 12,000, we can furnish them in the best grade that grows—guaranteed healthy and true to name. Permit us to figure on your wants. Oregon Nursery Company ORENCO, OREGON A sample of our yearling trees, the “Nunbetter” kind SALESMEN WANTED WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT HOW IS HE RATEDr The recognized authority on the financial and credit standing of the Wholesale Fruit and Produce Trade is the Produce Reporter Co.'s Credit Book It shows their specialties, volume of business, financial responsibility and credit standing, based on actual ‘‘experience”’ of their distant customer -oOTy an ISTHE PROPERI THIS BOOK ISTHE PROPER! ! PRODUCE REPO IT 1S LEASED NOT Size ee a ; 3 : ‘ Trading Members, 144x11%x3% _— ; 3 oe : ns Bonded Commission Merchants, inches Bonded Brokers in 1430 pages Rested Weight 8 lbs. Bok dence z » 4 ] Black Face Type 4 BUILDING whl 2 oe - RK STREEU O. 1LLINOES . A National Protective Organization ’s Reference Book ADJUSTERS in every market of importance in the United States to inspect adjust or resell rejected shipments. WELL ORGANIZED Collection, Legal, Railroad Claim and Arbitration Departments. What it is doing for others it can do for you. WORTH INVESTIGATING. Yours truly, Tear this off and mail to : Produce Reporter Co., Chicago ec itwaee | Produce Reporter tion of benefits. Signature C H I C A GO Address WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Be tek FRU VotuM_E VI SEPTEMBER, 1911 NuMBER 3 SPECIAL AUTUMN ¢ PACKING (ae EDITION # BETTER FRUIT PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, HOOD RIVER, OREGON Subscription $1.00 per Year in the United States and Canada; Foreign, Including Postage, $1.50 Single Copy 10 Cents Be All the Grand Prizes and All the Gold Medals Dangerous Fruit Pests are Unknown BESS Given by the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle in the famous in 1909 to pumps were awarded to BitterRootValley || == “American” single stage cen- : . F trifugal pumps are guaranteed to on Montana’s Pacific Slope = attain efficiencies of 60 to 80 per Where the Wormless Apples Grow pr ae: cent on t0tal hea ee eae with an equal increase in head for Smudging Is Unnecessary j - a ae each additional stage, which makes them the most economical pump SG made for irriga- There has not been a killing frost on the bench Aya AeatiS es: lands in the growing season in the history of the —— } —~ wt “American” cen- Valley. There are no dust storms. eo pig Pure water and sunshine 300 days in the year wa! vc Ath and vertical styles, make ideal health conditions. 5 in any size, in any Net profits annually range from $2,000 to $5,000 : = 4 Wits Co) Oe are equipped with any power. on a matured apple orchard of only ten acres. N Waite for “Bineienee Undeveloped land in this remarkable fruit dis- o \s Tests aipAsmescaryCed ] : 5 ‘ial ; trifugals,” by the most trict can still be bought for less money than is asked N : eminent hydraulic engi- in other valleys less perfectly adapted by nature for ie neer on the Pacific successful fruit growing. Values now range from eeee eae So ieee $250 to $350 per acre. Developed tracts of ten acres, with contract to The American Well Works cultivate and care for same to five-year maturity, 3 f ae cost only $5,000 if purchased now. Easy terms of General Office and Works: Aurora, Illinois, U.S. A. payment for both developed and undeveloped land. y Chicago Office: First National Bank Building Detailed information upon request. HBCTEIC COMST SALBS AGEN Clo 70 FREMONT STREET, SAN FRANCISCO e e e 341 SOUTH LOS ANGELES STREET, LOS ANGELES Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co. SECOND AND ASH STREETS, PORTLAND, OREGON : $ be Bs 1246 FIRST AVENUE SOUTH, SEATTLE First National Bank Building, CHICAGO 305 COLUMBIA BUILDING, SPOKANE THE GRAVITY IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF THE SPOKANE VALLEY Has developed the greatest apple and berry district of the West. Nearness to market causes larger net returns than in any other locality. Seventy-two trains daily through the valley. Every modern conven- ience. “Life’s journey is swift; let us live by the way.’ The Spokane Valley has the unique distinction of being the only established apple district near a big city. Think what that means and investigate. Five thousand contented settlers. Te Bsa IRRIGATION SYSTEM ING aeeiety WEST HOMES AND SCHOOL IN THE SPOKANE VALLEY SPOKANE VALLEY IRRIGATED LAND CoO. 401 SPRAGUE AVENUE, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRITIT BETTER FRUIT ma CHALLENGE The NORTHWESTERN FRUIT EXCHANGE, from its General Offices in the City of Portland, Oregon, makes a SWEEPING CHALLENGE TO THE ENTIRE NORTHWEST, Washington, Oregon and Idaho, for a public comparison of AVERAGE NET CASH RESULTS on Apple Sales for the entire season of 1910. The Exchange has already caused to be published through the public press, and otherwise caused to be disseminated in the widest possible manner, its season’s averages, for over 60 different varieties of apples produced in every important district in the three states. So far as it has been able to determine, based on the public announce- ment of others, it seems very clear that the results of the EXCHANGE are BETTER THAN THOSE OF ANY OTHER ORGANIZA- TION OR PERSON IN THE NORTHWEST not only from the standpoint of NET CASH RETURNS TO THE GROWERS, BUT also from the important point of distribution, the Exchange having employed 125 DIFFERENT Markets during the season. Furthermore, the Exchange extends this challenge to embrace the METHOD OF SELLING, and makes the sweeping statement, based on the information available, that the Exchange disposed of a larger percentage of its output on an F. O. B. basis of sale than any other organization in the Northwest with an output of 100 cars or more. Anyone wishing to accept this challenge may do so by appointing a certified public accountant who, together with another appointed by the Exchange, is to have access to the sales records of both con- testants, the loser to pay for the services of both accountants. Access to its records will work no hardship on the Exchange, as its well known policy permits free access to its records at all times by any responsible, interested fruit grower. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION, BETTER FRUIT Page 3 ————— SSS] 1 YAO) WeAONG iain @ IMpAGR KGB ts Ye On Oe FRUIT RIGHT IMENWWANES Slelile IO) W.B. Glafke Co. WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE 108-110 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Mark Levy & Co. COMMISSION MERCHANTS WHOLESALE FRUITS 121-123 FRONT AND 200 WASHINGTON ST. PORTLAND, OREGON T. O’MALLEY CO. COMMISSION MERCHANTS Wholesale Fruits and Produce We make a specialty in Fancy Apples, Pears and Strawberries 130 Front Street, Portland, Oregon BETTER FRUIT W. H. DRYER DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. September W. W. BOLLAM GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT STREET PHONES: MAIN 2348 A 2848 Levy & Spiegl WHOLESALE FRUITS & PRODUCE Commission Merchants SOLICIT YOUR CONSIGNMENTS Top Prices and Prompt Returns PORTLAND, OREGON Richey & Gilbert Co. H. M. Givsert, President and Manager Growers and Shippers of YAKIMA VALLEY FRUITS AND PRODUCE Specialties: Apples, Peaches, .. Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON Hood River and SGOBEL & DAY PORTLAND, OREGON Correspondence Solicited RYAN & VIRDEN CO. BUTTE, MONTANA Branch Houses: Livingston, Bozeman, Billings Montana Pocatello, Idaho Salt Lake City, Utah Wholesale Fruit and Produce We Have Mopern Corp StoraGe FACILITIES ESSENTIAL FOR HANDLING Your Propucts A strong house that gives reliable market reports and prompt cash returns W. F. LARAWAY DOCTOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY ENGES LENSES TESTED GROUND Over 30 Years’ Experience Telescopes, Field Glasses Magnifiers to examine scale Glenwood Oregon Towa Established 1869 235-238 West Street Strictly commission house. ‘Exporters of Newtown Pippins pears and prunes. NEW YORK Specialists in apples, to their own representatives in England QUALITY QUALITY QUALITY WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIL BETTER FRUIT Page 5 D. CROSSLEY & SONS Established 1878 APPLES FOR EXPORT California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Florida fruits. Apples handled in all European markets. Checks mailed from our New York office same day apples are sold on the other side. We are not agents; we sell apples. We make a specialty of handling APPLES, PEARS AND PRUNES on the New York and foreign markets. Correspondence solicited. 200 to 204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK IN| 1d, WAY EO) ARE IK IL IW ISIN 12 © OIL, LONDON Gib AS G © Viv LIVERPOOL and MANCHESTER SIMONS, JACOBS & CO. GARCIA, JACOBS & CO. GLASGOW LONDON J. H. LUTTEN & SON OMER DECUGIS ET FILS HAMBURG PARIS European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS: Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co. Walter Webling John Brown Ira B. Solomon Wm. Clement _D. L. Dick 204 Franklin Street, New York 46 Clinton Street, Boston Brighton,Ontario Canning, Nova Scotia Monteal, Quebec Portland, Maine OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS APPLE, CHERRY ‘TREES “pear, PEACH ‘TREES MILTON NURSERY COMPANY A. MILLER & SONS, Inc. You cannot afford to take a chance in buying trees to plant for future profit. It requires knowledge, exper- ience and equipment to grow reliable nursery stock. OUR 33 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in growing first-class trees, true to name, for commercial orchards, insures our customers against any risk as to quality and genuineness of stock. Orders are now being booked for fall delivery 1911. Catalog and price list free for the asking. Address all communications to SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO. MILTON NURSERY COMPANY, Milton, Oregon ment OREGON 2** THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN The Largest Commercial Magazine in the West. Devoted to upbuilding Oregon and the Pacific Northwest SUBSCRIBE NOW, $1.50 PER YEAR ADDRESS THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN DAVID N. MOSESSOHN, Publisher Suite 717 Chamber of Commerce Building, PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 6 BETTER FRUIT September Ship Your APPLES and PEARS to the Purely Commission and Absolutely Reliable House W. DENNIS & SONS LIMITED COVENT GARDEN MARKET Sey CUMBERLAND STREET LONDON LIVERPOOL sLtocom’s| SEATTLE Increased 194 per cent in popilanva according to Uncle Sam’s last census. This is more than any BOO K S’ | ‘O R I ( other large city in the PACIFIC NORTHWEST. WASHINGTON e e Leads all states of the Union in growth, having Office Supplies increased 120.4 per cent, according to the same authority. e If you want accurate information about Seattle Stationery and Washington, subscribe for PACIFIC NORTHWEST COMMERCE Ledgers, Journals, Time Books The official publication of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce. Comes monthly, $1.50 a year. BUIDEE'S Se60S tat GTOW 140 VARIETIES ANY QUANTITY Plenty of stock in our 40,000 pounds Growing Plants as season requires All makes high grade Pruning Tools Garden Tools Hose and Spray Nozzles International Stock and Poultry Food International Remedies Incubators and Brooders Memorandum Books Everything for Building Address : ote Rubber Stamps Everything for Furnishing SOMO RICE DS I foe ECE Stewart Hardware & Furniture Co. Souvenir Postals Picture Frames Suite $42 Central Building 22,000 feet floor space. Hood River, Oregon SEATTLE, WASHINGTON Spitzenbergs & Newtowns From the Hood River Valley, Oregon Took the first prize on carload entry at the Third National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, and Chicago, Illinois, 1910. The Spitzenberg car scored, out of a possible 1,000 points, 997. The Newtown car, out of a possible 990 points, scored 988. The Spitzenberg carload also won the championship carload prize at this show. Can You Beat It? We have got land improved and unim- proved that is growing such fruit and that can grow it. We are agents for the Mount Hood Railroad Company’s logged off lands in 4% Upper Hood River Valley. Many started The above picture shows a prize- ee ots ever Hood River Valley apples at the in a small way; today they are independ- ent. You can begin today. It pays to see Hasd Ri us. Send today for large list of Hood W > ye Ba er Cot I pany ood River “A ; Oregon River orchard land, improved and unim- proved, and handsome illustrated booklet. The oldest real estate firm 1n Hood River. Best apple land our specialty WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 19TT . BETTER FRUIT Bice Corrugated Paper Its use in your Pear or Apple box will prevent the fruit : = from getting bruised when being packed or in transit. == Corrugated Paper Acts as a Cushion to Your Fruit G. P. READ, 199 Duane Street, New York Branch Office and Factory, Albion, N. Y. Write for samples and prices. Send for one of my booklets on Fruit Packing Supplies. IT IS FREE. YAKIMA COUNTY HORTICULTURAL UNION Ryan & Newton stanley-Smith Company Lumber Co. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Wholesale Fruits & Produce Spokane, Washington We have modern cold. stor- North Yakima, Washington C. R. Paddock, Manager Apples, Pears, Peaches, Cherries Plums, Prunes, Apricots, Grapes LUMBER Lath, Shingles, Wood, Etc. sate : d Cantalo age facilities essential for the Si a ia ice p Mixed carloads start about Jemaling Of Ome jpxKOUbeKs July 20. Straight carloads in season. Our fruit is the very Resable: Markee Reports best grade; pack guaranteed HOOD RIVER, OREGON PROMPT CASH RETURNS We use Revised Economy Code Rete enees | District National Bank ( Economy American National Bank Codes ~ Bakers | Revised Citrus ERNEST M. MERRICK Wholesale Fruit Commission Merchant APPLES A SPECIALTY 937-939 B Street, N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. We have been established here for over twenty-two years in one of the best localities in the city. Our facilities are at least equal to any house in the city in our line of business. WE SPECIALIZE IN mer PLES WE WANT TO REPRESENT THE GROWERS OF Ridley, Houlding & Co. COVENT GARDEN, LONDON BETTER FRUIT. We know that our BETTER METHODS of selling will bring BETTER RESULTS A Trial Solicited All Shipments Receive Personal Attention WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 8 BETTER FRUIT. September An Apple Show Where Apples Grow. Instructive and Entertaining Watsonville, California October 9th to 14th INCLU SANE 20 Full Carload Exhibits. Many Unique Feature Exhibits SEE THE WONDERFUL PAJARO VALLEY in SANTA CRUZ COUNTY CALIFORNIA 1910 Apple Crop 5,000 Carloads. Last Year's Apple Show was an Eye Opener. This Year’s Show will be a Corker. EXCURSION RATES ON ALL RAILROADS For Information, write APPLE ANNUAL ASSOCIATION Watsonville, California WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 19T BETTER FRUIT pace AMERICAN APPLE EXPOSITION AND GARNIVAL Auditorium, Denver, Colorado Week of November [2 Growers in every apple district on the American Continent -are invited to send exhibits AMERICAN APPLE CONGRESS ANNUAL CONVENTION SAME WEEK The City of Denver intends to make this the greatest Apple Show ever held on earth. features will be introduced to make the week an occasion of continued festivities Carnival WRITE FOR PREMIUM LIST American Apple Exposition Association 210-211-212 Chamber of Commerce Building CLINTON L. OLIVER, General Manager DENVER, COLORADO COLONIST FARES FROM THE MIDDLE AND EASTERN PORTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA TO Oregon, Washington and all the Northwest WILL PREVAIL DAILY September 15 to October 15, 1911 OVER THE Oregon-Washineton Railroad and Navigation Co. AND CONNECTIONS The Oregon Short Line, Union Pacific and Chicago and Northwestern YOU CAN PREPAY FARES LET THE WORLD KNOW From Chicago at - - $33.00 The Colonist fares are west- : Of our vast resources and splen- bound only, but if you have rela- Silo TECHS ee ROY did opportunities for home build- tives or friends or employes in the Omaha - - - - - 25.00 ing. Call on the General Passen- East whom you desire to bring to s é me se this state you can deposit the Kansas City- - - - 25.00 get Agent for good instructive value of the fare with your local g, pay 25.00 printed matter to send East, or railroad agent, and an order for a eee Chats ban ta ; give him the address of those to ticket will be telegraphed to any And from other cities correspond- = whom you would like to have address desired. ingly low. such matter sent. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 10 BETTER FRUIT September Washington Non-Irrigated Apples Can be delivered by the ALL-WATER ROUTE, via PANAMA CANAL (when completed) to NEW YORK for LESS than from any point not cn the COLUMBIA RIVER. It is estimated that our apples, now costing 60 cents a box to New York (by the car), can be shipped ALL-WATER in 1915 for only 25 cents a box. Worth considering. NON-IRRIGATED FRUIT cannot be grown successfully in every climate. WHITE SALMON produces the FINEST es OF WINTER APPLES WITHOUT IRRIGATION. Worth considering; irrigation means con- stant work. Our climate is cool summers as a rule, mild winters, our rainfall being about 37 inches. It’s a pleasure to live here; our CLIMATE cannot be surpassed, neither our scenery. Our ranchers are CONTENTED and HAPPY, which is half of life. Write us and we will tell you more of this WHITE SALMON district, its past and FUTURE. Land: values increase October 1, as a rule. We have a few SPECIALS for those who write us at once. Tell us your needs—we may have what you want. Us| ski ei H. W. DAY REALTY CO., White Salmon, Washington IMIPAILIZS PEACHES PRUNES WN) Wn i. ae) 2) WHITE SALMON VALLEY Ghrostimey |S O OPPORTUNITY | = Located across the Columbia River from Hood River, Oregon, the White Salmon Valley offers |Z (x) the greatest opportunities of any land on earth to fruit growers. pe Z WHERE APPLES, CHERRIES, PEACHES, PEARS, PRUNES AND STRAWBERRIES z GROW TO PERFECTION , 2 Nn A few dollars invested in fruit land today will return to you in a very few years sixty-fold. Zz The SOIL, CLIMATE, WATER and SCENERY are unsurpassed by that of any country. = Ss We have bargains in orchard lands in and near White Salmon, also large and small bodies of 5 c, | timber land, cheap. WRITE US FOR DESCRIPTIVE MATTER AND PRICES = >| ESTES REALTY & INVESTMENT CoO. White Salmon, Washington > o 2) = BERRIES CHERRIES STRAWBERRIES NUTS Mosier Fruit Growers Association elling APPLES Ciamey ruil 1m 2 PRUNES Fancy Pack” ee | oOodSs pe Oe iiay Apples | PEACHES a Specialty oe | PEARS MOSIER, OREGON as aod ee for sale goods of a high quality it is imperative that you em- ploy a sales element of equal Fk R U I I LA N D quality. Our Printing is de- signed to se// goods —its high In tracts of 5 to 10 acres each. Some cleared, some standard bespeaks an equally partly cleared; some all timbered and some planted high standard for what it ad- to commercial orchards, at surprisingly low prices vertises. We invite inquiries. and on easiest terms. They are in the heart of a Our prices are based on honest rapidly developing fruit section adjoining good rail- 0s Hicheret bl way town in the valley. Here is a chance to buy Meee CeO Te ee Oe good land cheap. We will plant it for you if you wish. Write for particulars. F. W. BALTES AND COMPANY OREGON APPLE ORCHARDS CO. PRINTERS DESIGNERS AND BINDERS 432 Chamber of Commerce Building, Portland, Oregon PORTLAND, OREGON Eastern office, Bloomington, Illinois WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT “1911 BETTER FRUIT pubes Let George Do It! is a slogan that spells defeat for any fruit grower so far as marketing goes. “George” may be a good fellow and all that, but—you know business is business. On a basis of results—cold dollars and cents—we invite you to compare the service we have to offer with any other. ~ Mind you, we didn’t break into the Western fruit deal yesterday, but members of our firm and men on our staff have literally camped on the north side of snow banks in reach- ing certain sparsely settled valleys some years ago that are today garden spots, and what is more, people there stick to us as sales agents year after year. We're open for accounts and quotations. Gibson Fruit Company P. S.cWe make a specialty of Western Box Apples. Some Talk Dutch, Some Talk German SOME TALK EITHER English, Irish, Swede, Danish, Italian, Japanese or Chinese We talk business. We have the trees that please all nationalities. Why? Because they are grown right. Proper care is given to varieties. ‘They are packed correctly for shipping. They are delivered on time. Our prices are right. Write for catalogue or call our salesman. IF YOU CAN SELL GOODS WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU Capital City Nursery Company Rooms 413-415 U.S. National Bank Building, SALEM, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT PHOTOGRAPHS CANNOT LIE—They show exactly what comes before the camera. Falf-tones are exact reproductions of photographs and are necessarily true to nature. A block of Bing, Lambert, Royal Ann (Napoleon) as the camera shows it Sweet Cherry For the western cherry grower we have thousands upon thousands of handsome l-yr. and 2-yr. trees, Srown in the finest cherry soil in the world. Bing, Lambert and Royal Ann (Napoleon) constitute the bulk of our sweet cherry blocks, and these three varieties are the ones that are planted almost exclusively and are the ones that have made the cherry regions of the West famous. They are unfailing money makers. Sweet cherries can be grown only in favored localities; the area is so limited that over production cannot be considered even among the possibilities—at least for many years. Therefore, these regions must increase their plantings as the demand for the fruit is increasing with each season—much more rapidly than the production, and the markets have never been one-tenth supplied. They should be planted by the thousands of acres. Cherry growing for the canners—to say nothing of the great and growing markets for the fresh fruit—is becoming one of the great industries of the West and it is only fairly well begun. The markets of the world are open to the producer. Condensed Stark Year Book, 1912, is now in the hands of the printers and will be sent free to any reader of Better Fruit. Write for it today, and when writing tell us your planting plans. Perhaps some lessons we have learned in our many years of experience in nursery and orchard will help you steer clear of some of the orchard mistakes that cost many planters dearly. We will be glad to be of any service. The help of our Special Service Department is yours for the asking. Stark Bro’s Nurseries & Orchards Co. Louisiana, Missouri. Lock Box 12 A. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT September ESOS 7} AXA S 7 SSS BASSES - S SS GE XS 911 BETTER FRUIT Pane The Cylcone Apple Packer 722." Is without exception the best machine on the market in the packer line, and is a great boon to all fruit growers. This machine is patented and is built here, under the supervision of wide-awake growers. It does not injure fruits or other products that require careful packing. A boy can do more work on this machine than a man can on any other. THE NEW COMPRESSION LEVER A FEATURE YO Se X This packer is designed to obviate the well known faults of other style APPL PACKER « machines. With the old style machine it 1s necessary for the operator to : % — place the compression arms in position before tightening the covers. The Cyclone does away with this fault, by the operator merely pressing his foot on the compression lever, which immediately brings the arms to the proper position, besides adjusting the covers even with the ends of box. By the use of the patented friction clutch the arms can be set at any desired posi- tion, and instantly released by pressing the release lever, which brings the arms back to place. STEEL CONSTRUCTION The all-steel construction of this machine insures lightness and dura- bility. The compression arms are positive in operation, by means of the guides which hold them in the slides, as is shown by Figure 1. Attention is called to wide space on the arms, which gives plenty of room for nailing and cleats. The heavy release spring, as shown by Figure 2, is sufficiently strong when released to bring all parts back to place. Figure 3 shows the connecting link, which is bolted to the connecting bars, and to these bars are bolted the compression arms, and by this attachment any unevenness in the pack is overcome and guarantees bringing the covers securely down on the box. Figure 4 shows the foot lever, which is conveniently bolted to the machine. The friction clutch (Figure 5) is so arranged that any pressure on the foot lever immediately expands the spring, and thus tightens on the : lever, holding it at any desired position. Figure 6 shows the release lever, The Modern Fruit Packer which is bolted close to the foot lever, making both easily operated with one foot. The machines are sold under a positive guarantee to give satisfaction RR Try one, WELLS & MORRIS The Cyclone has made good where other presses have failed. It is perfection in every detail. WENATCHEE, WASHINGTON a $1460 IN APPLE PRIZES Grafted Walnut and Bigger Premiums in Every Fruit Class at the } rees S PO KAN K We do not grow regular nursery stock, but make a specialty of first-class grafted Walnut Trees. IN I ERS | A | E While we are growing and grafting our own trees for our 250-acre tract, we decided to grow some FAI R trees for sale. In doing so we believe we are offering the very best trees that can be bought at any price. Vroo- October 2nd to Sth, 1911 man Franquettes grafted on Royal Hybrid and California Black roots. Special $100 Prizes for Irrigated and Our supply has never been equal to the demand, Non-Irrigated Displays. Additional so 1f you want to be sure and have your order filled, Awards to More Important Varieties. order early. Ferd Groner Rose Mound Farm HILLSBORO, OREGON ONLY APPLE SHOW IN SPOKANE THIS YEAR Write for Premium List to ROBERT H. COSGROVE, Manager SPOKANE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 14 Deming Spray Pumps Good After Years of Service Almost any sprayer does good work at first, but the true ‘‘character-test’’ comes when it is put to an extra hard piece of work that would break down an ordinary machine. Deming Spray Pumps are built for this *‘char- acter-test’’—they do their every day work all the better for it, and still have ‘‘something in reserve’ when you drive them harder than usual. The same qualities which make them strong enough for the hard tests, make Deming Spray Pumps long-lived—make them work on and on, year after year, long after a cheaper outfit would have been cast aside. Deming Out- fits are ‘‘making good’’ everywhere. You need one of them, too. See the Deming dealer MEAPSSE wOUl Oc write CRANE CO. Pacific Coast Agents Portland, Seattle, Spokane, San Francisco The Deming Company 870 Depot Street Selem, Ohio Hydraulic Rams, Hand and Power Pumps for All Uses 20thCentury Grader The Light-Weight Wonder—600 Pounds Will make your ditches—level your land—grade roads, throw up borders at a third usual expense. It’s the Many Purpose Machine—the Irrigationist’s best investment— the handy tool which you will find use for every day in the year—thousands in use. Our new catalog full of pictures of the machine at work, shows how it will save you money. Send post card for it, name of nearest agent and distributing point. BAKER MANUFACTURING CO. 542 Hunter Building, Chicogo, Illinois BETTER FRUIT ws GUS. PAT. Spray Your Fruit for Codling Moth with Grasselli Arsenate of Lead IT IS THE BEST We are now ready to demonstrate the correct- ness of our statement from a practical standpoint. We give you the following names and addresses of the winners of the Grand Sweepstakes prize of $1,000 for the best car of apples shown at the National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington: 1908—M. Horan, Wenatchee, Washington. 1909—Tronson & Guthrie, Eagle Point, Oregon. 1910—C. H. Sproat, Hood River, Oregon. All sprayed with Grasselli Arsenate of Lead. Bear in mind that this material was used at three different points, and during three different seasons. Does this not demonstrate to your satisfaction the superiority of Grasselli Arsenate of Lead, both as to locality and climate in which it may be used? If so, it will not be necessary to ask yourself the question, “What Arsenate of Lead shall I use this season?’ You will order Grasselli Brand. Do not buy Arsenate of Lead on arsenic contents alone. Bear in mind when buying this spray that lead should be given equal consideration with arsenic, because it increases the adhesive properties and reduces to a minimum foliage injury. DISTRIBUTERS IN THE NORTHWEST: Inland Seed Co., Spokane, Washington Hardie Manufacturing Co., Portland, Oregon Samuel Loney & Co., Walla Walla, Washington Missoula Drug Co., Missoula, Montana Western Hardware & Implement Co., Lewiston, Idaho Salem Fruit Union, Salem, Oregon Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, Hood River, Oregon C. J. Sinsel, Boise, Idaho Yakima County Horticulturists’ Union, North Yakima, Washington Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co., Twin Falls, Idaho Rogue River Fruit and Produce Ass’n, Medford, Oregon And in all consuming districts. WRITE THE ABOVE, OR H. N. LYON, Northwestern Representative 505 Concord Building, Portland, Oregon, for name of nearest distributor THE GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO. Established 1839 Main Office, Cleveland, Ohio St. Paul, Minnesota 172 and 174 East Fifth Street Chicago, Illinois 2235 Union Court New York City 60 Wall Street St. Louis, Missouri 112 Ferry Street New Orleans, Louisiana Godchaux Building Cincinnati, Ohio Pearl and Eggleston Streets Birmingham, Alabama 825 Woodward Building Detroit, Michigan Atwater and Randolph Streets WILIEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT September — IQII W. E. BIGALOW, President REFERENCES: The First National Bank, Cleveland All Commercial Agencies The Produce Reporter Company Any reliable house in our line in the United States Commission Merchants BETTER FRUIT Capital and Surplus $75,000.00 Established 1883 Page 15 H. J. BLIGALOW, Secretary and Treasurer SOME OF OUR SHIPPERS—REFERENCES: The California Growers’ Exchange, Los Angeles, Cal. The California Fruit Distributors. The Earl Fruit Company. The Pioneer Fruit Company. The Producers’ Fruit Company, Sacramento, Cal. The Stewart Fruit Company, San Francisco, Cal. The Atwood Grape Fruit Company, Manavista, Fla. The Georgia Fruit Exchange, Atlanta, Ga. The Florida Citrus Exchange, Tampa, Fla. Crutchfield & Woolfolk, Pittsburg and Chicago. Redlands Golden Orange Association, Redlands, Cal. Fobbers and Wholesalers CLEVELAND, OHIO Apples, Plums, Prunes, Pears, Oranges, Lemons We have the largest and best trade in the Cleveland territory; our facilities are unsurpassed We have had years of experience in handling box apples and fancy fruits We solicit your correspondence and shipments Ogburn’s Fruit Gathering Vessels THIS VESSEL IS INDORSED BY HORTICULTURAL THE LATEST INVENTION COLLEGES, FRUIT ASSOCIATIONS AND GROWERS. You cannot afford to be without them. Each one will pay for itself many times in saving your crop. 1911 Vessels equipped with non-shrinkable canvas bottoms, improved fasten- ings and shoulder strap complete. Saves money by preventing bruising fruit in handling from tree to box. Saves time by being quick to operate and leaving both hands free to gather with. Money saved is money made. Especially designed for apples, pears, peaches, oranges, lemons and tomatoes. Can be used to great advantage in gathering cherries, plums, prunes and grapes. In handling small fruits, place a piece of wrap- ping paper in the bottom. The canvas bottom slides under- neath the paper and delivers the fruit on your packing table without, the slightest injury. This Vessel is an oblong metal pail, black japanned, larger at the bottom than top, equipped with canvas bottom which slides from underneath the fruit, simply laying it on the bottom of the box, or where desired, without disturbing the fruit, the bell-shaped pail lifting off without injuring the fruit in any way. The Vessel holds one- half bushel or half box of apples, and in emptying the second time the canvas bottom eases the fruit in the Vessel on that in the box without bruising or scratching, which is practically impossible with the wood or metal bottom pail. If your hard- ware dealer or association haven’t this Vessel in stock, order direct from factory. Trade price list furnished merchants an agents by Wheeling Corrugating Company, Wheeling, W. upon application. Address all orders to factory. All Boade shipped direct from factory. Manufactured and Distributed by WHEELING CORRUGATING COMPANY Wheeling, West Virginia For J. H. OGBURN, Patentee, Wenatchee, Washington Took first prize and gold medal at National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, November 14 to 19, 1910. Agents and Distributors: Wells & Morris, distributors for Wenatchee, and vicinity; Larsen Hardware Co., distributors for North Yakima, Washington, and vicinity; Holly-Mason Hardware Co., Spokane, Washington; E. A. Franz, Hood River, Oregon; Medford Hardware (CO., Medford, Oregon; Ogden Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Ogden, Utah; Denny & Co., Payette, Idaho; Boise Fruit Growers’ Association, Boise, Idaho; Grand Junc- tion Fruit Growers’ Association, Grand Junction, Colorado; North Fork Valley Fruit Association, Paonia, Colorado; Pajaro Valley Mercantile Co., Watsonville, California, and other dealers in every fruit section of the United States. Washington, I | I 1 (SPECIAL ORDER BLANK) ALONG DOTTED LINES WHEELING CORRUGATING COMPANY Wheeling, West Virginia Gentlemen: Please ship me the following order: CUT OUT FREIGHT PAID. BY MAIL OR EX- Ogburn Fruit Gathering Vessels at $1.50 each, complete, Ogburn Fruit Gathering Vessels at $1.50 each, complete, PRESS PAID Extra non-shinkable canvas bottoms with fastenings, 75 cents per set, by prepaid freight or express. NO FREIGHT ORDER RECEIVED FOR LESS THAN Enclosed please find check, draft or money order for $ ONE DOZEN VESSELS to cover above order. Write Name and Address Clearly Freight or Express point Neither manufacturer nor patentee are liable for goods after delivery to railway or express company. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 16 BETTER FRUIT September FREY-WATKINS CO, INC. ROCHESTER, NEW YORK JOBBERS OF Fruits and Produce in Straight and Mixed Cars Cold storage at Le Roy and Hilton, New York. Ship your apples to us for sale and storage. Reasonable advances, prompt returns. References: Produce Reporter Company, mercantile agencies, the banks of Rochester Arcadia Irrigated Orchards The Largest Irrigated Orchard Project in the Northwest Arcadia is located twenty-two miles from Spokane. Our soil is rich and deep, entirely free from gravel, rock and alkali. Gravity irrigation, excellent transportation, ideal climate, no dust or sand storms. OUR PLAN: We plant, cultivate, irrigate, spray, prune and care for the orchard for four years. Water free. Real estate taxes paid for five years. Over 4,000 acres is now planted to winter apples. You may remain at your present occupation while your orchard is brought to bearing, or, if desired, move onto the land at once. TERMS: $125.00 first payment secures five acres; $250.00 first payment secures ten acres; balance monthly. Eight years in which to pay for your orchard. Write tor literature. ARCADIA ORCHARDS COMPANY, Spokane, Washington Western Pacific Railway The New Transcontinental Highway REACHES a rich agricultural terri- tory hitherto without a railroad. OPENS new markets to the merchant and orchardist and a virgin field to the land-seeker. — - CULLEN TT Atul | ACID BLAST ETCHED PLATES jie) i Webhaveiustalledi | the oly etching machines in the State of Oregow Last etched cats haye 2 printing guality which Las never bejoue heen obtainable witte Process engrayed Plates oo eee THEY COST THE SAME AS THE OTHER KIND A one per cent maximum grade, obtained at the cost of millions, makes possible the fastest freight service ever given to California shippers DAILY through merchandise cars for package freight FROM Boston, New York, Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City FOR all points in Northern and Cen- tral California. For rates and routing instructions, etc., write H. M. ADAMS, F. T. M., Mills Building, San Francisco The New Transcontinental Highway Western Pacific Railway WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS-MENTION BETTER FRUIT LOLI BETTER FRUIT Page 17 ee tel COI RY BR oes WE KNOW BY EXPERIENCE For fifteen years we have been the largest developers of orchard lands in the Hood River Valley. More than 300 acres from just-planted to full-bearing are exhibits of our ability to grow profitable orchards. Tell us what you want and we can place you right. We are interested in two large companies which sell land in undeveloped state on installment payments and contract to clear, plant and care for the orchards up to the bearing age. Buyers and agents, get in touch with us. CHARLES R. BONE J. E. MONTGOMERY LAND BROKERS OAK AND THIRD STREETS HOOD RIVER, OREGON The pump you have always gagmecoatr= The Ideal System of Irrigation Saves power and money; utilizes the power; converts power into results; high heads without staging; deep wells, pits and mines. Mechanical per- fection; simple; easily installed; free from wear; faithful and dependable machine. Made in many sizes, 25 gallons per minute to 10,000 gallons = per minute. Address Patented June 2, 1903 ee es Ideal Irrigation Rotary Pump Company Every Pump Guaranteed Absolutely HENRY BUILDING SEATTLE, WASHINGTON F. BORDERS SON CO. Ee lON PERT BOXG APPLE HOUSE OF BALTIMORE THE GATEWAY OF THE SOUTH We represent the leading Pacific Coast shippers, including Mutual Orange Distributors, Stewart Fruit Co., San Joaquin Grape Growers’ Association and others Members National League of Commission Merchants Modern Economy Members International Apple Shippers’ Association Telegraph Codes | Revised Economy Baker’s Cipher ESTABLISHED 1898 M. O. BAKER & CO. Commission Merchants Fruits and Produce 122 Superior Street, TOLEDO, OHIO ° Our regular trade takes 50 to 100 Cars Apple Headquarters for Toledo,Ohio oe ene as Don’t take our word for it; write the other dealers here. M. O. BAKER & CO., TOLEDO, OHIO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 18 BETTER FRUIT September Zo the “fobbing Trade: We cordially invite correspondence trom all high class fruit jobbers relative to supplying their trade the com- ing season with the finest apples grown on earth. Our brilliant red Spitzenbergs tor early winter trade and our beautiful Ye/ow Newtown Pippins tor the spring trade are the two ideals of the Apple World, and for flavor, beauty and keeping qualities they are not equalled. Buy goods of quality and your trade will appreciate the same. Write Hood River Apple Growers Union HOOD RIVER, OREGON North C S d and Dock S G. W. Butterworth, ‘Siscenctoaae SPECIALIST IN Western Box Apples, Pears and Deciduous Fruit EFFICIENT HANDLING OF ASSOCIATION ACCOUNTS Member National League of Commission Merchants of United States International Apple Shippers’ Association Reference, Everybody IF YOU WANT UP-TO-DATE SERVICE GET IN TOUCH WITH US BEST FACILITIES IN AMERICA FOR THE STORAGE OF Export Apples Ample steamship sailings with apple space always available for London, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow FREE INSURANCE FREE SWITCHING TO WAREHOUSE LIBERAL ADVANCES Write us and acquaint yourself with Boston’s special advantages for the storage of export fruit BOSTON TERMINAL REFRIGERATING COMPANY CHAS. L. CASE, Manager GRAND JUNCTION WHARVES, EAST BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT “Northwest” trees are best Including everything handled in the Write for our new prices and catalog AGENTS WANTED It is common knowledge that the slightest bruise speils apples for storage purposes; so delicate are they, that even the most careful handling detracts materially from their appearance, storage life and market value. Even when experienced hand sorters are working under the most competent supervision they bruise the fruit; also hand grading is but guess work which results either in loose ununiform packs, or necessitates still more handling and consequently more bruising to regrade the fruit, etc. The object to be sought in packing apples is NOT ONLY to avoid every chance of bruising, but to adopt a sys- tem of getting the fruit graded accurately for both color and size with an absolute minimum of handling. THE SCHELLENGER FRUIT GRADING MACHINE process does away completely with 75 of the handling required by hand sorting. This is not all, it grades the fruit with mechanical accuracy ABSOLUTELY WITHOUT BRUISING and de- livers to the packer perfectly sorted fruit which in- sures him a uniform, tight, fancy market pack. By an ingenious method, one person does all the color and blemish sorting without picking up an apple, after which each color grade is automatically sorted into the standard five size grades and carried out onto canvas screens in front of the packers. The BETTER FRUIT Page 19 The Schellenger Fruit Grading Machine Marks the dawn of a new epoch in the fruit growing industry. It places the TIER PACK without its drawbacks within the reach of every fruit grower. opportunity provided for inspection of the graded fruit is perfect; there is triple assurance against a blemished or off-color apple getting into a pack. During the grading for size the machine handles each apple separately, it is impossible for them to touch one another. All wool, first quality soft felt, 36 of an inch in thickness protects the fruit against the slightest bruist. Some idea of the gentleness with which this machine handles the fruit can be gained when it is realized that it will handle eggs and not so much as crack one. Fruit NEVER sticks or clogs in the machine be- cause the mechanical features are perfect and the mechanism is built upon honor. No expense has been spared in either the quality of material used in our machines, or the labor in constructing them, THEREFORE, WE CAN, AND DO, FULLY GUARANTEE EVERY MACHINE. This machine not only solves the labor problem for the grower but it will actually pay for itself in labor saved in less than ten days when run at full capacity. It does the work of NINE experienced hand sorters. Each grader is arranged to be operated either by ower or hand as desired. alt Lake City, $100.00. Pp Price of machine, f. o. b. S SCHELLENGER FRUIT GRADING MACHINE CO. IONE CLORRSETORRSAM ESD) 633-635 South Fourth West Street LEO UJFFY “Northwest” trees are best We have for the coming season a complete line of NURSERY STOCK nursery line NORTHWEST NURSERY CO. North Yakima, Washington SALA VALE Cliys UsrAH New Orleans, Louisiana Successor to APPEL & UJFFY The largest wholesale exclusive Fruit and Fancy Vegetable Firm in the South IMPORTERS, RECEIVERS, JOBBERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS Correspondence solicited WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 20 BETTER FRUIT September Big Doings in Hood River The city is grading the streets in the business district preparatory to paving. Six miles of new macadam road is nearly completed. The municipal water system will soon be under way. Several business blocks are under construction, including an up-to-date opera house. New warehouses for storing fruit are being built along the railroad. Many fine new houses in the town and valley are under construction. Hood River is a ive district with something doing all the time. Te you want to better yourself come here and we will tell you how to do it. We have good bargains in city and orchard property. J. H. HEILBRONNER & CO. THE RELIABLE DEALERS HEILBRONNER BUILDING HOOD RIVER, OREGON $150,000.00 worth of ORCHARD PROPERTIES were sold by us in the past ninety days. Lots 1 to 43 inclusive, of Mosier View Orchards containing approximately 420 acres, have been sold, and the SECOND DEDICATION, embracing lots 44 to 74, inclusive, is now offered to the public at attractive prices and on easy payments. During the past THREE MONTHS we have sold Mosier View Orchard Tracts to some of the shrewdest buyers and most careful investors from New York, Massachusetts, North Dakota, Texas, Minnesota, Oregon, California, Montana, Washington, Missouri, Ohio and Alaska. Portland people alone purchased over $50,000.00 worth of these ORCHARD PROPERTIES during this period. We plant to a commercial variety of apples these 5 and 10-acre tracts, and care for same in a scientific manner for a period of five years, without any cost to the purchaser except the purchase price, which is extremely low. Sunday Excursion trips to MOSIER VIEW ORCHARDS are becoming more popular every week. Call or write to us for our free booklet. Hood River Orchard Land Company 906-907-908-909 Yeon Building, Portland, Oregon DEVLIN & FIREBAUGH, SALES AGENTS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Serle R FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING THE OFFSET SYSTEM—SCIENCE of PACKING APPLES HIS article should be considered ; as a continuation of the one writ- ten for September issue of “Bet- ter Fruit’ for 1910. The writer wishes to repeat one paragraph of the former article, namely, the definition of packing: “Packing is the classification of fruit in the proper sizes by placing fruit of the same size solidly into boxes in such a manner as to insure uniformity of appearance, mneatness and _ protection from bruising. The purpose of careful packing is to make the box of fruit as attractive as possible to the purchaser and obtain thereby for it the highest possible price.” Generally speaking the diagonal sys- tem is considered more acceptable to the trade than the off-set system. How- ever, there are several advantages to the grower who is a beginner in the busi- ness and wishes to get out the best pos- sible pack with packers who are not experienced. With the diagonal system it is much easier to vary the size of the fruit used in each box from the bottom and center layers without materially spoiling the appearance on top. The inexperienced grower or foreman would, therefore, be led to believe trom the surface appearance that the under layers had been packed as they should have been. The poor work, however, would undoubtedly be discovered on opening the box at its final destination, and complaint made by the parties inspecting it. With the off-set system a single apple of improper size will bring about a condition through the general pack and on the surface layer that can- not possibly be covered up. On the other hand, when both systems are properly used the diagonal is more to be desired for the reason that fewer of the apples come in sizes known as Figure 1. 41 APPLES Northwest Standard Box FLGuRE 2. Northwest Standard Box 45 APPLES BY ROY C. BROCK, HOOD RIVER, OREGON straight packs, i. e., 45, 54, 63, 112, 128, 144. In the off-set packs the spaces show on the sides of the box, where they have a disagreeable effect upon the eye of the purchaser. The off-set system used in the North- west standard box (10% inches by 11% inches by 18 inches inside measurement) and. Northwest special box (10x11x20 Contents THE OFFSET SYSTEM—SCIENCE OF PACKING APPLES, 21 WE SHOULD MAINTAIN OUR COMMERCIAL PACK, 24 THE NORTHWEST SYSTEM OF APPLE PACKING, 28 CAREFUL COMMERCIAL APPLE PACKING, 31 PICKING, PACKING AND MARKETING OF APPLES, 35 HARVESTING AND PACKING APPLE CROP, 38 TIME FOR PICKING AND PACKING, 44 WAY FRUIT SHOULD BE HANDLED FOR EXPORTING, 47 EDITORIAL, 52 TRIAL SHIPMENTS OF PEACHES (Continued from August Issue), 83 inside measurement) is made up of the following sizes: 41, 45, 54, 63, 72, 84, 96. 12S 128) 144 GOR ON 2008 2255) duhe sizes 41, 45, 54 and 63 are largely used for exhibition purposes, although a few boxes of these sizes are required to be packed for the larger growing varieties. In packing the size 41 start by placing the first two apples in the bottom cor- ners of the end nearest the packer, plac- ing a single apple in the crotch or pocket left between the two before placed. Now Figure 3. 48 APPLES Northwest Standard Box esa eae VS sae . ~ aay LONG Ficure 4. Northwest Special Box place an apple in each of the two crotches formed by the apple last placed and the sides of the box, and so con- tinue until the last two apples have been firmly wedged against the end of the box away from the packer. Start the second layer by placing an apple in the pocket formed by the three first apples in the first layer at the end of the box nearest the packer and then follow with two apples, one in each of the center pockets formed by the two apples of the first layer, the one just placed in the second layer and the sides of the box. Continue this layer, ending with a single apple at the end of the box farthest from the packer in the same relative position as that of the first apple in the second layer of the box. The last layer will begin and end with two apples at each end and will really mean an apple in each of the four upper corners of the box. The 41 size of pack will always come on edge or cheek. Size 45 in the standard, 64 and 63 in the special are considered among the straight packs and consists of three lay- ers deep, three apples wide and vary nine apples each in contents. Occasion- ally one row oi apples at end of each of the two layers in the 45 and 54 sizes require to be turned flat in order to keep the apples from being too high at the end and sufficiently snug in length. Further explanation of these packs is surely unnecessary. Sizes 72 and 84 are the sizes in this system of packing from which the name “off-set” was taken. Start the first layer of these two sizes with three apples of the same size firmly together, cheek to cheek, with the stem or blossom toward tke head of the box, with the first of the three in this row firmly against the left hand side of the box. Each of the other iF aA 54 APPLES Figure 5. 56 APPLES Northwest Standard Box Ficure 6. 63 APPLES FIGURE 7 Northwest Special Box ok Sooo 7. 64 APPLES Northwest Standard Box Ficure 11. 84 APPLES Northwest Standard Box FiGuRE 12. 88 APPLES Northwest Standard Box BETTER FRUIT Ficure 8. 72 APPLES Northwest Standard Box Oo) MPIPILIDS) FicureE 13. Northwest Standard Box Ficure 16. 104 APPLES Northwest Special Box Ficure 17. apples in the row directly against the cheek of the one next in the same row, leaving all the space in the same row between the last of these apples and the right hand side of the box; in the pocket thus formed place the first apple of the three constituting the second row, leav- ing the alternate space on the left hand side of the box. Continue each of the 112 APPLES Northwest Standard Box Figure 18. 112 APPLES Northwest Special Box rows in the same manner, alternating the space first on the right hand side and then on the left hand side until the last row is forced into this relative posi- tion, sufficiently tight to key the whole layer. Start the second layer by placing the first apple of the first row in the pocket formed by the space in the first row of the first layer. Place the next FicureE 9. 72 Northwest Standard Box Ficure 14. 96 APPLES Northwest Standard Box Ficure 19. Northwest Standard Box September Ficure 10. 80 APPLES Northwest Standard Box APPLES Ne SLY ROO. Se. Ooc pec SOCGm Ficure 15. 96 APPLES Northwest Standard Box 112 APPLES Ficure 20. 112 APPLES Northwest Standard Box two apples of the first row of the second layer cheek to cheek against each of the others, leaving a space-on the left hand side of the box, alternating each space and row from this first space and row in the second layer until the second layer is completed. Continue each of the two following layers in the same manner until the pack is finished. In IQII no case, in an off-set size, lay one apple directly over another; always place the apples so that they will come over the pockets or semi-pockets which are formed by two or three apples and pos- sibly one side of the box. The 72 size nearly always packs best for length and height flat, unless the apple is very flat, when it will more than likely pack as an 84, all on edge or cheek. The 84 usually packs on edge, except Ficure 21.. 120 APPLES Northwest Special Box FIGURE 22. Ficure 26. 150 APPLES Northwest Standard Box FIGURE 27. 190 APPLES Ficure 31. Northwest Standard Box 128 APPLES Northwest Special Box 160 APPLES Northwest Standard Box 200 APPLES Northwest Standard Box Ficure 32. BETTER FRUIT with occasional one or two rows on one end of each layer, which may require to be turned to make length in the layer and proper height in the end. In turn- ing these rows alternate, turning the last one or two rows in the first and third layers at the end farthest from the packer, and in the first one or two rows in the second and fourth layers at the end nearest to the packer. The 96 and 144 sizes, almost without exception, pack Figure 23. 128 APPLES Northwest Special Box Ficure 28. 165 APPLES Northwest Standard Box 225 APPLES Northwest Standard Box FiGurRE 33. FIGURE 24. Northwest Standard Box FIGURE 29. Northwest Standard Box Page 23 on edge or cheek, are four apples wide, fitting the box snugly with absolutely no pocket or space next the side boards and none at the end. It is four layers deep and occasionally, with very flat apples, the 96 size is packed as an off-set pack all on cheek. The 112 size was pretty thoroughly discussed in the writer's former article, and on referring to it a full description may be had. Sizes 160 and 180 are off-set packs, and are Ficure 25. 144 APPLES Northwest Special Box ont aeNe oer eee al VSS é\ 138 APPLES 175 APPLES Ficure 30. 180 APPLES Northwest Standard Box HOW TO START A 3-2 DIAGONAL PACK Northwest Special Box HOW TO START A 2-2 DIAGONAL PACK Page 24 CeCe) CX V/ NN AN rN A Coee. NSIS FIRST AND THIRD LAYERS on \V/ rAN SECOND AND FOURTH LAYERS Diagonal two-two pack, four layers, eighty-eight apples Northwest Special Box packed in the same manner as 72 and 84, except that there are four apples to each row and five layers to the box. Sizes 200 and 225 are straight packs, as 112, 128 and 144, and the same general plan is followed in their packing. Size 200 and 225 are five apples to each row and five layers deep. BETTER FRUIT VO JN XX Y \ ; Y XG SECOND AND FOURTH LAYERS Showing diagonal two-two pack, four ninety-six apples Northwest Special Box layers The same general rules are given in the description of the diagonal pack in the article last season and should be studied, together with the diagrams and descrip- tions herein given. Sizes 41, 45, 72, 84, 96, 112, 160, 180, 200 and 225 are packed in Northwest standard boxes; sizes 54, 63, 128 and 144 are packed in Northwest special boxes. September SECOND AND FOURTH LAYERS Showing a three-two pack, four and a half tiers, 188 apples. If layers are reversed there will be 187 apples Northwest Special Box five layers, [Editor’s Note.—All of the illustra- tions, Figures 1 to 37 inclusive, were made by Roy C. Brock by hand, and are the best set of illustrations ever pro- duced, illustrating every pack from 41 apples to the box to 225 apples to the box, with the exception of two five-layer packs which are not yet in general use.] WE SHOULD MAINTAIN OUR COMMERCIAL PACK BY C.C. VINCENT, ASSISTANT HORTICULTURIST UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO, MOSCOW, IDAHO Fr | N HERE is no subject of more importance to the fruit grower at this time of year than the proper picking, grading and packing of his fruit. With the rapidly increasing acreage of bearing orchards and the number of inexperienced men going into the busi- ness, extra precautions should be taken in order to maintain the reputation we have already established in the packing of our fruit. It will be well for the growers to pay particular attention to the following points regarding the small package: First, all fancy high priced apples should be shipped in boxes; sec- ond, only the best grades are preferred; third, the box is the only practical pack- age in which apples can be transported with reasonable economy. It is the pur- pose of this article to present the meth- ods of picking and packing as followed by the successful fruit growers in the Pacific Northwest. The inexperienced grower will have some little difficulty at first in deter- mining just when his fruit is ready to be harvested. This is especially true when several varieties are grown in the orchard. There is a tendency to allow some varieties to hang too long on the tree. The Jonathan falls under this class—the result is a water-cored apple. However, just as soon as the grower learns his varieties no difficulty should be experienced. The following points will aid the grower in determining the time to pick: The ease with which the fruit departs from the fruit spur; the color of the fruit, in case of the red apple; when the seeds begin to turn brown around the edges; the flavor of the apple. To secure competent labor will be one of the greatest difficulties experienced by the grower. Experienced pickers are usually hard to find. In case unskilled men are employed they should be placed under a competent foreman, whose duty it is to see that all have received the proper instructions before beginning the harvest. Many types of ladders have found their way into our commercial orchards. A Ficure R. SQUARE PACK large percentage of these possess special good points. However, for all practical purposes the writer has found that two styles are all a grower needs in his orchard. A small stepladder is quite essential for gathering the fruit from the lower branches. The three-legged pole ladder should also have a place in every grower’s orchard, to be used in reaching the fruit from the upper branches. A lean-to ladder should never be allowed in the orchard. It is expensive at any price, for too many fruit spurs are knocked off and too many bruised limbs result. The. grower should see that he has a large supply of picking receptacles on hand. Several types, such as picking bags, pails, coal scuttles, etc., are used quite extensively. Personally I prefer an ordinary galvanized pail about ten inches in diameter. A pail of this sort has at least two points in its favor: First, there is no bruising of the fruit in pass- ing up and down the ladder; second, on account of its size it can be lowered into the bottom of the box, thus reducing to a minimum the bruising of the fruit. Figure Z shows several types in general usage throughout the country. Just before the harvest begins the orchard boxes are scattered along the rows; this avoids unnecessary delay in the operation. These boxes are just a little larger than the boxes in which the fruit is packed, and made of substantial material. Cleats are nailed on each end so the boxes can be piled one upon the other without bruising the fruit. (See IQII Figure P. PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATIONS IN IN ORDER TO PROPERLY FAIRS BY THE UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO, BETTER FRUIT APPLE PACKING ARE GIVEN AT FRUIT INSTRUCT THE GROWERS HOW TO PACK FANCY FRUIT. THE ILLUSTRATION SHOWS HOW TO START THE DIFFERENT STYLE PACKS Figure Y.) One oi the best assets to a well kept orchard is a low-wheeled wagon. In transferring the fruit to the packing house a wagon having good springs and a low, broad body is essen- tial to insure careful hauling. Figure X shows a good type of wagon. A roomy packing house is needed for the storing of the iruit until it can be packed. A good substantial packing house is a necessity, and it should be the aim of every orchardist to build one. The grower should build one large enough to accommodate his entire crop. One of the best equipped and con- structed packing houses that I know of belongs to the Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion at Moscow, Idaho. This building has a section for packing, a section for wiping, a temporary storage room and a box-making room. The building is well ventilated, with the light for the packing room coming from windows above. Figure W represents the Mos- cow packing house. Mr. B. F. Hurst of Boise has a very unique sorting table, and one that gives complete satisfaction. The table is four feet wide, eight feet long and two and one-half feet high. It is covered with PICKING BUCKETS Ficure Z. burlap, similar to the packing table, and is large enough to accommodate four sorters, two on a side. The apples are placed on the table from both ends. Side projections extend out so as to hold enough boxes for the different grades. One box is for the extra fancy, another for the choice grade, a third box for the orchard run and the-fourth is used for the culls. Sixteen girls can keep thirty packers busy. A good sorter will look over fifty to sixty boxes per day. Figure V shows the table used by Mr. Hurst. Untrained women will have some little difficulty at first in learning to distin- Page 25 guish between three tier, three and one- half tier and four tier apple. To enable them to make the necessary classifica- tion, grading boards are used having holes of the following sizes: Grading board for special box—2'%-tier apple, four inches diameter; 3-tier apple, three and two-third inches diameter; 3'%-tier apple, three and one-tenth inches diameter; 4-tier apple, two and three-quarter inches diameter; 4%4-tier apple, two and one- half inches diameter; 5-tier apple, two and one-fifth inches diameter. Grading board for standard box—2™%-tier apple, four and three-tenth inches diameter: 3-tier apple, three and four-fifth inches diameter; 3'4-tier apple, three and three- tenth inches diameter; 4-tier apple, two and seven-eighths inches diameter: 4%4- tier apple, two and one-fifth inches diam- eter; 5-tier apple, two inches diameter. Figure U represents a good type of grad- ing board. The packing table shown in the illus- tration is a very convenient one for the packing of the fruit. It is about three feet high, three feet wide and three feet long. The uprights are made of two- by-four material; sides one by six. The legs, if they come through the table top. are beveled off so as to leave no sharp edges to bruise the fruit. The top is covered with canvas, which is allowed to sag inside rather loosely. To serve as a double protection to the fruit, rubber hose is nailed around the edge of the tray. A board projects from each end of the table to make a shelf on which to rest the box. Another board projects from the side of the table which also serves as a rest for the end of the box. Figure T shows the table in general usage in the Hood River Valley, Oregon. The Idaho table differs from this only in the kind of canvas used. Many of the Idaho growers cover their tables with coarse burlap, which lets the dirt and trash through to the floor. A packing house is not complete with- out a nailing press. A man handy with Ficure T. PACKING TABLE = <= ~ 2 ey Page 206 BETTER FRUIT Courtesy of Horticultural Department, University of Idaho Ficure W. the hammer can construct one for about five dollars. The body of the press is made like an ordinary table, except that there is a depression across the middle, over which the box of apples rests. Two stout arms are pivoted to pairs of uprights at each end of the table. The arms are hung on bolts so as to swing up and down. When no pressure is on them they are held up by strong spiral springs. The two arms are joined at their inner ends by a loose connection; a strong foot lever rests in this connec- tion, and when the foot lever is depressed it brings the two arms down over the top of the box. For detailed description see Figure S. It is quite essential to have a large supply of box material on hand. This usually comes “knocked down” to the grower in shooks. An expert can put up from two hundred to four hundred boxes per day at a cost to the grower of one and a half cents per box. Spruce is the best material if it can be secured. Cement-coated five-penny nails are used. Cleats are placed on the tops and bot- toms. Two sizes of boxes have found their way into general usage in order to accommodate the different grades of apples, with inside measurements as fol- lows: Standard, depth ten and one-half inches, width eleven and one-half inches, length eighteen inches. Special, depth ten inches, width. eleven inches, length twenty inches. The end pieces should be three-fourth inch, sides three-eighths inch and tops and bottoms one-fourth inch thick. In putting up a fancy pack of apples every apple in the box is wrapped; there- fore, it is quite essential to be well sup- plied with paper. Duplex wrapping paper is preferred. This paper has one side which is glazed or calendered. the other rather rough, which is placed next the apple. The paper should have the following dimensions: Eight by ten inches for the four, four and one-half and five-tier apples; ten by ten inches for PACKING HOUSE, MOSCOW, IDAHO the two and one-half, three, three and one-half-tier apples. Wrapping the apple has several advantages: It checks transpiration; the paper serves as a cushion for the fruit; it extends life of fruit beyond normal period; prevents the spread of decay from specimen to specimen; the fruit is maintained at a more even temperature, and it gives the fruit a more finished appearance. Lining paper is used to line the sides of the boxes. It is cut long enough to cover one-half the bottom and top of the box. The paper for the standard box should be seventeen and one-half by twenty-six inches; for the special nineteen and one- half by twenty-six inches. The advan- tage of the lining paper may be summed up as follows: The paper adds greatly to the appearance of the box and it is September more sanitary, for it excludes dust, dirt and germs. Layering paper (cardboard) is placed between each layer of apples. Some growers are beginning to discard the use of the layering paper for the diagonal packs. However, from our point of view the use of the paper pre- sents several points in its favor: It holds the apples more firmly in place; the paper gives a smooth surface to start each layer; it takes up excess moisture: prevents initial pressure bruises, and stops spread of decay. In building the pack apples of a unt- form size are brought to the packing table, the box is placed on an incline before the packer and he proceeds at once to line the sides of the box with lining paper. The next operation is that of placing in the layering paper. (After the pack is completed a cardboard should be placed on top before the ends of the lining paper are folded over.) Next, hav- ing the paper in place, the packer will hook the “hod,” which is a device shaped so as to hold the wrapping paper over the side of the box. Most packers have their own way of wrapping the apple. We prefer the following: One picks the paper up with the left hand. at the same time reaching with the right hand for the apple, which is placed in the center of the paper diagonal with the corners. The outer edges are pushed up over the apple, which is now turned, bringing the smooth surface up and the bunch of paper on the bottom. This serves as a cushion. The apple is now placed in the bottom of the box. This performance is repeated until the layer is finished. To aid the packers in picking up the paper, a rubber band is placed over the thumb or forefinger. An expert can wrap and pack from fifty to one hundred boxes per day. His ability, of course, will vary according to his practice and training in that line. At the present time there are two styles of packs, known to the trade as the straight and diagonal. The straight Courtesy of Horticultural Department, University of Idaho Ficure Y. A HARVESTING SCreNE IN L. F. HENDERSON’S ORCHARD, MOSCOW, IDAHO Note the distribution of the boxes, also style of ladder used IQTI BETTER FRUIT pack is so called because the rows run straight across the box (Figure R). This pack includes the three, four and five-tier apples. It is very neat in appearance, but rather severe, as each apple tends to be pressed against surrounding apples. The diagonal pack is so termed because the apples run diagonally with the edge of the box. Two advantages of this pack are: First, it accommodates sizes that do not adapt themselves to the straight pack; secondly, there is less danger of the apples bruising in transit as they adjust themselves more readily to the space in the box when pressure is brought to bear. All two and one-half, three and one-half and four and one-half- tier apples can be placed in the diagonal pack (Figure Q). Growers in almost all the prominent fruit sections are discour- aging the use of the straight pack on account of the bruising of the apples. When the two sizes of boxes are used all apples may be packed diagonally. For instance, the apples that would pack straight in the special would pack diagonal in the standard. The number of apples that can be packed in each box, according to the tier labeling, is as fol- lows: 3-tier apples in the standard, 45 to the box; 3-tier apples in the special, 54 63; 3%-tier apples in the standard, 64, 72, 80; 88; 3%4-tier apples in the special, 96, 104, 112, 120; 4-tier apples in the standard, 96, 104, 112, 120; 4-tier apples in the special, 128, 144; 4%4-tier apples in the standard, 150, 163, 175; 4™%4-tier apples in the special, 185, 200; 5-tier apples in the special, 200, 225. Unless the apples Ficure X. Figure Q. SHOWING SOME DIAGONAL PACKS have been properly graded beforehand no such system of classification can be obtained. Very little trouble will be experienced in starting the straight packs if the apples have been graded properly. With the three-tier pack three apples are required to fill up the space across the bottom of the box. There are also three layers in depth. See the box designated Page 27 as Figure P in the illustration. This photograph shows the top layers of six boxes packed by the various methods herein outlined. The four-tier straight pack requires fou. rows in width and four layers in depth, while -the five tier requires five rows in width and five lay- ers in depth. The diagonal two-and-a- half-tier pack is started differently. The first apple is placed in the middle of the lower end of the box and two apples are pressed firmly in the places which are left, as shown in the illustration. In this style of pack there are two and a half rows in width and three layers in depth. This is not classed as a commercial pack, for it is only used to accommodate very large apples on special occasions. The three-and-a-half-tier pack is started by placing the first apple in the lower left hand corner of the box and another in the center. Two apples are then packed in the spaces which are left. The illus- tration shows the point very nicely. We have, in this pack, three and a half rows in width and four layers in depth. To start the four-and-a-half-tier pack the first apple is placed in the lower left hand corrner of the box, another in the lower right hand corner and another in A PRACTICAL PRESS FOR NAILING APPLE BOXES Uys Zz o | —_ 1. Cover boards to table, extending about half over cross pieces (20) on each side. Length of table, 64 inches. 2. Side board to table. The part between the cross pieces (20) is cut down to allow a box with bulged bottom to slide off the press. 3. Uprights for attachment of levers (5 and 9). 4. Legs of table, 28% inches long, 1% inches square. (All the arms, legs and levers of the press may be made of 1%x1%-inch stuff.) 5. Levers, 24 inches long. 6. Upright arms, 30 inches long. 7. Steel springs, 3% inch inside diameter. The two attached to the levers (5) are fastened at the upper end to spanner (19). The center spring is attached to the foot lever (9) and a pulley (17). All springs are shown relaxed. 8. Spring attached to upright arm (6) and sup- port (3). These springs should be long and light, such as are often used on screen doors. 9. Foot lever, bolted to uprights (3) at back, and working with catch plate and ratchet in front. It is fastened to plate (13). 10. Brace for legs and lower support for uprights. Three inches from ground. 11. Horseshoe plate for gripping box cleats and cover. It is attached to arm (6) with flat-headed stove bolts, and must be made very true. 12. Tron plates bolted to levers (5), with large holes in projecting ends, allowing the bolts (16) to slide freely. 13. Lower plate under lever (9), to which it is bolted loosely, with large holes in each end for free play of bolts (16). 14. Side plate joining lever (5) and arm (6). Two bolts to arm, and one, fitted loosely, to lever. 15. Iron ratchet to engage plate on the front lever (9). 16. Half-inch bolts, 2% inches long, working loosely in the holes in the plates (12 and 13). 17. Three small pulleys for rope attached to arms (6). Center pulley is attached to center spring (7). The other two pulleys are attached to spanner (19). 18. Strong %4-inch cord that will not stretch. Runs across from arm to arm (6), passing through the three pulleys (17). 19. Spanner running parallel with side, back about 10 inches from front side and directly under center of box. 20. Cross pieces (end view), providing support for box. Attached to it is spanner (19). 21. Grooves for holding box in place. They are a trifle over 18 inches apart. To accommodate the special box, which is 20 inches long, strips may be nailed to the table top ome inch back from the opening on either side. The top of the table must have slots cut in it to allow working of arms. Tables may be of any width desired, but arms should be conveniently near the front. Page 28 SORTING TABLE OF B. F. HURST BOISE, IDAHO Ficure V. the center. Two apples are then placed firmly in the spaces that are left vacant. This pack has four and a half rows in width and five layers in depth. BETTER FRUIT Inexperienced packers will have some little difficulty in getting the proper bulge to the box. Practice, however, will obviate this. When the fruit is packed the apples at both ends should come up flush with the top. In the center they should extend a little higher. There is more or less of a graduation between one sized apple and another, as, for instance, between the three and three and a half tier apples. To obtain the proper bulge the packer selects apples that are a trifle smaller for the ends, working those that are a trifle larger to the center. In case the apples are of the same size, and are being packed on the cheek, in order to obtain the proper bulge the end apples are turned with the stem ends up. Every box should have from an inch to an inch and a half swell. ©n the end of every box a meat, attractive lithograph should be placed. September GRADING BOARD Figure U. This adds very much to the appearance of the box and aids materially in selling the fruit. A cheap gaudy label detracts from rather than adds to the appearance. A lithograph should contain the growers name, the name of the locality and the name of the state. The name of the state should stand out in bold relief, as it aids wonderfully in bringing before the people the possibilities of such sec- tion for the production of fruit. On the other end of the box should be stamped the number of apples, the packer’s num- ber and the variety. This facilitates matters considerably, for the consumer knows the exact number of apples. THE NORTHWEST SYSTEM OF APPLE PACKING WRITTEN ESPECIALLY FOR “BETTER FRUIT” BY HOLLAND ARCHIBALD, JUNCTION CITY, OREGON HE different apple packs shown herewith were packed at Vernon, British Columbia, during the season of 1910, to show the different sizes of apple packs that can be had by caretully sort- ing and grading them. These were packed for display purposes, so the standard pack is the same, but with paper wrappers only. As apples vary in size and shape in different fruit districts, and even in orchards in the same dis- tricts, it would be impossible to use all of the different packs shown here, but the same style of packing can be used in packing into any size of box; the boxes shown here were the Canadian standard box. After several years of careful study and experiments the style of packing shown here was adopted by all expert growers and packers, Hood River, Ore- gon, being the first, and has been brought to such perfection that in the last year or so all progressive fruit unions and companies have given their new packers lessons in same _ before allowing them to pack. Even the British Columbia government gave demonstra- tions in all fruit districts last winter, employing expert packers. Does it pay? Just ask any buyer or expert fruit grower and you will find that the better the pack the more easily can the grower sell his fruit. Poor packing and not marking boxes properly as to grade or tier will cause trouble, so any grower or packer who deliberately mismarks boxes is guilty of dishonesty. Before the grower’s apples are ready to pick he should go to the company or fruit union to whom he intends to dis- pose of his fruit and learn just how they want his apples packed, what kind of wrapping and lining paper to use and if they want layer paper used. All man- agers or foremen will gladly give infor- mation, and some associations have pack- ing foremen who will give growers infor- mation and turnish packers. If growers are unable to pack their fruit they should obtain the best packers to be had, employing a packing foreman their orchards be large enough. should Having information as to paper, and having engaged his packers, he should buy his boxes, being careful to keep all box shooks clean and dry. In making up boxes be careful to turn all surfaced sides in so inside of box is smooth, rough sides of boxes being an advantage in that they do not slip so easily on fruit wagons or after being loaded in ear. If this is your first year in growing apples you will want good picking baskets that will hold about one-half box of loose apples. lining them with burlap, or you can buy picking buckets; some of them are good. It always pays the growers to get good ladders that are strong and yet light enough for one man to carry. Apples should be handled as carefully as eggs, for if once bruised, if ever so little, they will not keep well even in cold storage, and should be put with the culls. Some growers use their packing boxes to gather their apples in, but that is bad practice, as the boxes get more or less dirty, and that will tend to spoil the looks of packed boxes. The best way is to have orcnard boxes, not filling them so fruit will bruise when boxes are stacked in packing house. Sorting and grading come after pick- ing and should be done with care. han- dling ali apples one at a time, wiping all dust and spray off. Your sorting table should be long enough to hold at least ten boxes, and you will want a bucket to throw all rotten apples into if they have been in storage lone. Taking one box for the culls you have nine left, and if you are to grade for extra fancy, fancy and choice, or number one, two and three, you have three boxes into which you can grade. Putting about three different sizes into each box will give you nine different sizes or nine sizes of extra fancy, fancy and choice. As fast as you fill the boxes stack each grade by themselves. All growers should have good packing tables, and if you haven't any they can be built along the side of your packing house, where there is plently of light, giving them about twenty-five per cent slant and putting a strip along to keep boxes from slipping off. Tables built IQII this way are preferable to canvas coy- ered tables because it saves dumping apples and will avoid bruising. A good box press will be needed and only the kind that brings both ends of lid down at the same time should be used. Stamps are necessary, as every box should be stamped before leaving the packing house, so growers should have all that they will need, including one with name and address. If you have had no experience in pack- ing you will no doubt be anxious to see your packers at work, and if you have been careful in your storing and grad- ing you will be surprised how nice your apples will look after being packed, also at the number of sizes in the box you thought contained only three. But don’t get discouraged if you have a good packer; he will explain to you how you should grade each size, one of the most important things in packing, also give you sample apples to grade to so you can soon learn to grade in a short time and tell the tier of a box of packed apples BETTER FRUIT at a glance. A good way is to learn the number of apples in each box, the most used being given here: Three tier, 2-1 pack, 5 by 5, apples to box; 5 by 6, or 50 apples to box. The three tier 2-1 packs are broken packs and are better than the solid three tier pack, 3 by 6, or 54 apples to box. (See Figure 1.) or 45 rs es i ‘g Page 29 Three and one-half tier pack, 3 by 4, or 56 apples to box; 4 by 4, or 64 apples to box; 4 by 5, or 72 apples to box; 5 by 5, or 80 apples to box; 5 by 6, or 88 apples to box... All are the 2 by 2 pack. (See Figures 3 and 4.) Four tier packs, 6 by 6, or 96 apples to box; 6 by 7, or 104 apples to box; 7 by 7, or 112 apples to box; 7 by 8, or 120 apples to box; 8 by 8, or 128 apples to box; 8 by 9, or 136 apples to box. The S by 9 is not very often used, and only in very flat apples. There is also a 3 by 2 pack that is often used that is a four tter and has five layers of apples in box. (See Figures 4, 5 and 6) Four and one-half tier packs, 5 by 6, or 136 apple to box; 6 by 6, or 150 apples to box; 6 by 7, or 163 apples to box; 7 by 7, or 175 apples to box. All four and one-half tier packs have five layers of apples in each box. (See Figures 6 and 7.) Five tier packs, 7 by 8, or 188 apples to box; 8 by 8, or 200 apples to box; 8 by 9, or 213 apples to box; 9 by 9, or 225 apples to box. All five tier packs have five layers of apples in each box. (See Figures 7 and 8.) Still smaller can be packed, but in standard varieties it is not good practice, as they are too small and buyers do not want them. Five tier packs of Lady Apples used for display, 9 by 10, or 238 apples to box; 10 by 10, or 250 apples to box. Lady Apples are not packed, as they are small and would take too long to handle them, so the box is lined and the box faced with one layer of even sized apples and then filled with loose apples full enough to keep them from moving after lid is on box. Crabapples are packed same way, just facing box, and care should be used in handling them, as they are one of the most tender of apples and will show the smallest bruises after a few hours. After you have learned to sort and grade you will want to try packing, so you must learn the following things: To train your eyes so you can select the apple you want at a glance and not have to try a half dozen before you find the one you want, as every time you handle them it spoils their keeping qualities just that much. Boxes should not have any more than three-quarter inch swell on top and bottom after lid is on, and one and one-quarter inch on top and one- quarter inch on bottom looks bad after the lid is on, so keep them even. Keep the ends of your pack down low enough 2 tes, Onanes* Page 30 so lid will not bruise or break skin of apples; and keeping ends of your pack down is not done by packing smaller ones in the ends, but by using all of the same size and turning your apples so they will drop lower into box at the ends, giving you necessary swell in cen- ter, and you should commence to keep ends down from first layer to top of box, which will require a little practice. All apples must be tight enough in box to keep them from rattling after they have shrunken in cold storage or in transit. When you start a four tier 2 by 2 pack, seven apples in each row in length, or 112 apples to box, don’t try and put in apples that should pack 96 apples to box, or six apples in each row in length. A little time spent when you commence will pay you later on. Should you make a mistake stop and correct it; don’t try putting in larger or smaller apples to even up your pack. Don't get discouraged after a few trials, as you cannot learn to pack if you do. It has taken years of work and study to bring the standard of packing to what it is in Hood River and other fruit districts. Packed apples look better packed on side, stem end to or from you, but some sizes will not pack that way, and have to be packed stem or blossom end up to make them tight and even. Always keep your rows of apples in box straight from bottom of box to the top. If you don’t it will spoil the appearance of what may have been a good pack. All apples should be wrapped with good paper, large enough to cover apple and fold, and in first layer in box the fold should be up so the box will be faced on bot- tom, also to keep the loose edges of paper from working out of edges of box. always wrap your apples smooth and pe DERE ein} : Cyan?’ Appies completely; dont leave part of apple out If you use your leit hand to reach for paper and your right for selecting apples you will have to train involuntarily paper while you are using your right to select apples to be packed; if you don't you will never be a fast packer. paper over palm of left hand and pick- ing up apple with right hand on opposite side from the way it goes into box you of wrapper. your 0 BETTER FRUIT ’ hand to CYKANAS*N Apples, Wyo) KA ‘ NASANAppIES Pi F| ie 4 t for Holding September throw from right to left hand, at same time closing your left hand on paper containing apple. You now have the apple half wrapped, and by taking hold of paper with right hand, giving your wrist a half turn, you have apple wrapped and paper folded. This will also require some practice, but is very easily learned. Aiter packing a box it should be stamped with good cushion stamps, being careful to put name of variety in upper left hand corner of box, quality or grade in center of the two upper cor- ners on same end and tier or number of apples in right hand corner. Be care- ful to keep all lettering above where label should go. The grower should stamp his name and address on opposite end in center of box, and packer put his or her packing number over grower’s name. If more than one packer is employed they should be given a pack- ing number so all boxes found poorly packed can be traced to the packer who packed it. There are good opportunities for both young men and women to learn packing at any of the various packing schools or by actual experience, so if you become a competent packer you will find pleasant work at good wages. oo © Editor Better Fruit: I take great pleasure in complying with your request for letters of comment on your July edition. No fruit grower, shipper or dealer should be without such an instructive and thorough num- ber. It is certainly gratifying to know that there are some who think all fruit commission salesmen are not crooks and daylight robbers. This fact should be grasped and digested by fruit growers. I should like to take exception to some of the remarks with reference to European markets and trading. Europe is waiting and anxious to receive and consume a much larger proportion than at present exported of first grade fruit; some of the methods of distribution that are being advocated at present will tend rather to retard than expand this great and increasing market. Such an edu- cative number as July “Better Fruit’? makes one look forward with great interest to each succeed- ing number. Yours sincerely, H. S. Chirgwin, Stonesville, Montana. IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 31 ART OF CAREFUL COMMERCIAL APPLE PACKING BY CHAS. A. COLE, OF THE LEWISTON LAND AND WATER COMPANY, LEWISTON, IDAHO ACKING of a first class commer- P:: pack really begins in the field, so I will mention some of the points that we must consider there. The field equipment will consist of some good, substantial, yet light, ladders. They must be rigid, so that the picker will be able to keep his mind on the work and not on whether or not he is going to tip over the next minute. Lightness is desirable, as the picker can move the ladder quickly and there will not be a tendency to allow it to fall’ into the tree instead of placing it in gently. Have on hand a good supply of field boxes with your trade mark stamped on one end. These boxes should be about 8x14x20. Have cleats nailed on the ends so that when stacking the boxes will not rest flat down on each other. This prevents bruising and also affords circulating of air over the fruit. Cut hand-holds through the ends so that the boxes may be handled easily. Use buckets for pick- ing utensils—baskets or boxes are no good. You can’t empty fruit out of them without bruising. The wagon for haul- ing the fruit to the packing house must be low and have a platform bed. This makes loading and unloading easy. The bed should be built so that the boxes will not slide off. A strip nailed around the edge is very satisfactory. It is also very necessary that the wagon be pro- vided with bolster springs. This pre- vents any jarring and bruising of the fruit while hauling. No matter how perfect equipment, good results cannot be obtained unless the fruit is handled very carefully. An owner of a large fruit ranch once remarked to me that a big percentage of the damages from broken skins took place before the fruit reaches the packing shed. This is due, of course, to allowing anybody and every- body who is able to climb a ladder in the picking crew. We train our packers and depend upon “hobo” labor for the picking. In this case the field boss is everything. He must see that the fruit is taken from the tree without breaking off the fruit spur; that the apples are carefully placed in the field box, not dumped in, and that the fruit is not heaped above the top of the boxes. Breaking off the fruit spur not only reduces the yield for the next three or four years, but if placed in the box the spur is apt to puncture two or three fruits during the packing process. It is also very important that the field boxes be placed so that they will not be sub- jected to the direct rays of the sun. Allowing the fruit to become heated ereatly decreases its keeping qualities. A good packing house and equipment is very important to good packing. The requisites of a good house are: An abundance of light, ability to thoroughly air the room, just the right amount of room, handy arrangement and cleanli- ness. The value of light cannot be over- estimated, as no packer, no matter how eypert, can do high grade work in a poorly lighted room. He needs light to the picking aid in selecting fruit, both as to perfect- ness and size. If you are contemplating constructing a packing house plan it large enough to accommodate your max- imum crop. It is also just about as inconvenient to have a house too large as too small. Have a portion set aside for packing tables, another for the fruit before packing, a place for the packed product and a good loft for storing pack- ing material. If you are in a very dry section you should have a basement for storing packing paper to prevent it dry- ing out. In equipping the house put in enough packing tables to accommodate your crew. There are several kinds of tables on the market. Some are built for only two packers (Figure 1), while others will accommodate several. The first mentioned table is constructed with a canvas or burlap top of 3x4 feet in dimensions. All sharp corners are removed so there will be no danger of bruising the fruit. The height of the table will depend on the height of the packer using it. The second mentioned table is simply a series of the first men- tioned. They are built solidly together to economize space. If the tables are built solidly to the floor they must be placed to give the packer the fullest value of light. The best position is so that the packer has his back to a win- dow. In some houses I have seen the tables built up against the wall, but this is a very poor plan, as it is inconvenient for the helper to supply fruit and remove packed boxes. Be sure and have con- venient places for packing paper. Get a good nailing press (jack). are many kinds on the market. There In mak- _) a OVKANSSS"APrLes | pone OO ag 4 ‘ meas A Cy ansSeAppy \ ig, Mes Ci ing a selection be sure that it is of the best. The clamps should catch the lids on the ends. This prevents bruising the fruit, and also holds the lids and cleats firmly against the ends of the box while nailing. Order your packing material early. In doing this you will be more apt to get first class stuff. Insist on getting what you order. All box material must be first class, that is, free from knots, cracks and mildew. The ends should be as near three-fourths of an inch in thick- ness as it is possible to make them, the sides three-eighths and the top and bot- tom boards not thicker than one-fourth inch. The sides must be made in one piece, and the top and bottom in two pieces each. Sides of two pieces are too weak to protect the fruit. If the tops and bottoms are made of one piece each they are so stiff that a bulge can- not be put on the box without crushing the fruit. Heretofore the best results in packing have been obtained when two different shaped boxes were used. This plan was adopted after many years of experiment- ing to find out how so many different shaped and sizes of apples could be packed in a bushel box and yet make a good shipping parcel. The dimensions of these two boxes are Northwest stand- ard 101%4x111%4x18 inches inside measure- ment and the special 10x11x20 inches inside measurement. The cubic contents of these boxes, without bulge, are 2,176 cubic inches for the first and 2,200 for the second. These boxes come knocked down, and you will have to put them together. A simple apparatus or box form for aiding in working up your ed pep 8 Onangena PLES CRM ADRES, ¥ #3 | material can be made as follows: Put a box of desired size together and nail cover boards on each side of the ends. Now nail the box to the top of your work bench, leaving a space in front of it the width of an apple box. In making boxes slide the end pieces into the slots formed by the boards and nail on the bottom. The bottom is put on with a cleat at each end. The box is now pulled out and turned so that a side ‘is brought up, and so on, until it is com- pleted. Four nails are required for each end of a side or bottom. The packing paper consists of a layer paper of a spongy nature—don’t get glazed or semi-glazed paper—lining paper and a soft tough paper for wrapping. If you are using two sizes of boxes you will have the paper cut accordingly. It is a good plan to have more than one size wrapping paper. Paper 9x10 and 10x10 will do for most however, the three tiers and large three and one- half tiers require a larger paper than either of these. Many of our fruit grow- ers’ associations furnish paper at a nom- inal cost. Part of the wrapping paper is stamped with the name of the associa- tion. This paper is used on the top layers so that when a package is opened and displayed every pass- erby knows just what section this particular box of fruit is from, even though the label on the end is not visible. If you have to depend upon yourself for the purchasing of paper and desire to use a printed wrapper on part of your fruit work up a design of such a size that when a medium sized fruit is wrapped there will be enough of the white paper showing to form a setting for the trade mark. Don’t buy cheap paper. You never save anything by doing so. Cheap sizes; BETTER FRUIT ETNIES "OKANAGAN Apres paper will break or tear when wrapping, so that the loss in time, let alone the appearance of the pack, will more than offset the difference in price of first and second class material. A tray for hold- ing the wrapping paper will complete your equipment. This tray is made so that it can be stuck on the side of the packing box. You can have them made at local tinsmiths, or if they are wanted at once just take a board of some light 5 2 Coke APPLES September material and saw off pieces a little larger than your packing paper and nail strips on three sides. Nail a three cornered block on the under side so that it comes out even with the open edge of the tray. This forms a bracket or brace for sup- porting the tray when in position on the box. Now take two long nails, drive them into the side of the tray with the opening, leaving about one-third of their length out. Cut the heads off and bend down over a piece of hardwood or iron a trifle thicker than the side of the box, This will form hooks for fastening the tray onto the packing box. The first step in actual packing is grading and sizing of the fruit. In fact packing is simply grading and sizing, then placing the fruit in its proper box so that it fits snugly. If you cannot learn to size an apple properly you will never make a packer. In grading remove all culls, that is, fruit with broken skins or other bad blemishes, at the same time grade as to color and shape. The mar- ketable apples are usually divided up into about three classes, that is, perfect. near perfect and culls. They are sold under “extra fancy,” “fancy,” etc. Grade the fruit as to size, placing the three and one-half tiers in one box, the fours in another and the four and one-halfis and smaller in yet another. This will aid very materially in not only rapid pack- ing, but will also go a long ways toward eliminating the tendency to bruise fruit on the packing table by fingering them over looking for the right size or grade. There are only two styles of packs used by the modern packers, that is, the straight and the diagonal packs. The straight pack is not used where it is possible to use the other. What we mean by straight pack is where the apples are placed so that they are in straight rows, both lengthwise and ——— OKANEAN APPLES * OKANES!NAPPLES r IQII across the box, as is illustrated in Fig- ure 14, 17 and 20. We use both styles ‘of boxes in putting up this pack. In the Northwestern standard, such num- bers as 96, 112, 200 and 225 are packed, while in the special 128 and 144 size will pack to the best advantage. All of these sizes are also known as four tiers, except the 200 and 225, which are fives (Fig- ure 3). In packing a straight pack we select a box suitable for the size of fruit on the table. Place the box on the rack and prepare for packing by lining it. This is done by taking two pieces of the right sized paper, place both sheets on one side of the box so that the lower edges extend over the crack in the center about an inch. Then, while holding these edges firmly in place, crease down the paper along the crack at the side of the box; now run the hand along the top edge, bending the paper over. Take out one sheet, turn it around and place in the other side. This gives both sheets exactly the same creases. Now place a cardboard in the bottom and you are ready for the apples. First, however. fill up your paper tray with the proper sized wrapping paper. This paper has a rough and smooth side. Turn the rough side down. Size up your table of apples and begin on the ones that there are the most of. If that be a 112 size you will begin the pack as follows: You have noticed that your box rack is so constructed that the end of the box toward vou is much lower than the other. This is to prevent the apples rolling. Begin the pack by placing an apple in the lower left hand corner and continue until you have a row across that end. Continue this layer until the other end of the box is reached. When the last apple is put in place each row in the layer must fit snugly across the box as well as lengthwise. In packing some of the varieties you will find that when placing the fruit on its side the seven apples lengthwise do not pletely fill out the row, also when turned flat, that is, on the stem or blossom end, seven cannot be gotten in. This defect is remedied by turning one or two rows flat (Figure 17). Don't try to flat the first rows of the bottom layer, but wait until you reach the other end, as you com- EXHIBIT OF APPLES GROWN IN THE BETTER FRUIT Pa ge 3 Go Photo by T. Gagnon, Wenatchee, Washington PACKED FOR THE LONGVIEW ORCHARD COMPANY, WENATCHEE, WASHINGTON Box 1, 200 pears; Box 2, can’t always tell just how many rows will have to be turned in order to make a snug fit. Don’t try to improve your pack by turning one row on each end of every layer. It won’t work, for besides making the ends too low the abrupt break from flat to edged apples will be so great that all the pressure of the boards will come on the first of the edged fruit, thus running a big risk in bruising them. The second layer is begun by flatting the first two rows, or the same number as in the first layer, and packing the remainder on the side. The pack in the center of Figure 2 illus- trates this pack. If you will turn to this figure you will see that the alternating of a-a not only makes a good even crown on the pack, but also brings the apples at the ends just even with the top of the box. You cannot pack the ends above the edge, as there is no give TOUCHEL VALLEY, WASHINGTON 120 pears; Box 3, 180 pears; 30x 4, 140 pears; Box 5, 96 pears. to this pack, and as a result these apples will be crushed. You have noticed that the 96 pack in Figure 2 has none of the rows turned on end, and have no doubt wondered as to just how the packer gets a bulge or crown on this box. This was acomplished by making use of the slight irregularities of the apples. No apple is perfectly round even in cross section. By placing the apples at the ends so that the greater diameter extends across the box and turning the ones across the cen- ter so that the greater diameter will be from top to bottom a good bulge will result. This also results in a slightly larger apple being in the center. The most important style of pack, and the one that ships best. is the diagonal. This style is also called the three and one-half tier and 2-2, or tour and half tier and 3-2, depending, of course, on the size of the fruit. Dhe term three and one-hali tier means that it takes approximately three and one-half apples to reach across the box; 2-2 means that each layer is begun with two apples and two spaces; 3-2 that the first layer begins with three and the next with two and third with three, etc., and four and one-half that four and one-half apples will make a row across the box. The term “diagonal” comes from the fact that the rows do not run straight across the box, but go at an angle. (See illus- trations of all diagonal packs elsewhere in this edition.) Both the special and standard boxes are used in this style of pack. The larger three and one-half tier apples, such as 41, 48, 56, 64, 72, SO and 88, are packed in the standard. Then we jump to the four and one-half and pack 150, 163 and 175 in this box. he special box accommodates to the best advantage 96, 104, 112 and 120 in the three and one-half tiers. one- Page 34 In beginning the 2-2 or three and one- half tier pack (Figure 4) place one apple in the lower left hand corner and another in the center of the space between the cheek of the first apple and the right hand corner. This will leave the two spaces of an exact size. Into these spaces place two other apples. You will find that these two apples only go part of the way down, thus leaving two spaces without anything in them. There are also two pockets just above the two first apples. Continue the pack by plac- ing two apples in these pockets. Press these apples down firmly. If they are of the proper size they will completely fill up the pockets. If you are packing a 104 size fruit the first and third rows will end up against the top end of the box and there will be vacant spaces at the ends of rows two and four. Don't let these holes worry you. I have had students try to fill them with little apples. They have a purpose, as you will see later. If you are using cardboard between the fruit place a piece on top of this layer and proceed with the pack, except that you begin in the opposite lower corner from the one used in the preceding layer. This throws the first two apples of this layer exactly over the pockets. This also causes the other apples to fit in over the point where the apples touch rather than press one directly on the other as in a straight pack. In packing this and all other layers give the apple a firm pull downward and toward you, thus keeping the pack solid. When you reach the upper end of the box the last two apples will fit into the spaces at the end of rows two and four. These apples must fit snugly or the pack will be slack, and a slack pack will not ship. The four and one-half or 3-2 pack, as illustrated in Figure 5, is begun by plac- ing an apple in each lower corner of the box and one in the center. This will leave two spaces, one on either side of the center apple. The pack is continued by placing two apples in these spaces. This leaves three spaces and three apples go in next, and so on through the pack. Be sure and keep the pack solid, so that when the last apples are put in place the layer will not fall out even if the box is tipped up at an acute angle. The sec- ond layer is begun by placing two apples over the two spaces at the lower end of the box, and also must end over the spaces at the farther end: I have seen beginners get confused with these spaces. They seem to think that each layer should end with exactly the same num- ber. Of course, this is impossible. Take the 150 pack, for example (Figure 26), and we have three spaces at the farther end of the box. As we must end up the second layer with an apple over each one of these spaces we will naturally have only two spaces at this end and three at the end next the packer in the second layer. Also the fact that each pack, as 150, 163, etc, do not end up with the same number of fruits seems to cause some confusion. The 163 pack is com- posed of smaller apples than the 150, and as a result we get three more fruits in the first layer of this pack than is in BETTER FRUIT ANJOU PEARS that of the latter. Of course, this ends the layer with three apples and two spaces instead of two apples and three spaces, as in the 150. Next to getting all the apples in a pack to fit snug the most difficult feature of packing for the beginner is to get a proper bulge or crown on the completed package. There are several points that we take advantage of in order to accom- plish this. I have already mentioned the straight pack, but some of the points I will mention here will apply to that also. In packing the diagonal pack we are aided somewhat in securing a bulge by the small spaces left at each end of each layer. However, we cannot depend on these for a complete bulge. We must take advantage of the small irregularities of our fruit. No lot of fruit, no matter how well graded, will be exactly of the same size. We make use of the slightly smaller specimens at the ends and the larger through the center. Of course, the difference in size must not be so great as to attract attention. We must begin this bulge with the first layer of fruit and work each layer with that end in view. No packer can hope to get a good pack by putting this important factor off until the last one or two layers. My experience with packing schools has been that on finding a pack too flat it was of no use to tell the packer to work over the top layer. I have never seen one yet who could make the bulge and general appearance of the pack right by doing so. The trouble is usually at the bottom of the pack. There are many Opinions as to the right height of crown. Packers who pack both pears and apples have a tendency to pack the latter too high. This, of course, comes from the big bulge used on pears. The bulge that gives the best all around results is one of one-half inch on both the bottom and the top of the box. Taken together, we would have one inch bulge to the box. This is a slightly higher bulge than can be put on the straight packs; three-quar- ter inch to the box, both sides taken September together, is sufficient for this style of pack. While the apples at the ends of the straight pack must not come above the ends of the box, just high enough so that the boards will touch the fruit, that of the diagonal pack can come slightly above, so when the cover is nailed on there is enough give to prevent the end apples being bruised. When you have finished the box see to it that the bulge forms an unbroken arch. When the cover board is put on and pressed down the pressure will be on all of the fruit. Don’t have a “hog- back bulge;” that is, high in the center and dropping off to the sides of the box. The fruit along the sides must come up even with the center rows or they will not be held in place by the cover. When you have completed the pack place a piece of cardboard over the top and then fold over the lining paper. By pinching up a tuck in the center of the lining paper it will fit more snugly over the crown and not stick out from under the lids when they are nailed on. Place the box on the nailing jack and nail the lid on with a cleat at each end. Use four cement-coated or barbed nails to each cleat. If the cleats have a tendency to split soak in water before using. After nailing, stack the boxes on the side, never on the bulge, as you will crush the fruit. It is imposible to describe the process of wrapping an apple. Every person has a little way of his own. I use a rubber cot on my left thumb, pick up the paper with this hand so that one corner points directly toward me, throw the apple into the center of the paper and push the lower corner up over the fruit with my thumb and forefinger, at the same time bringing the left and right corners up over the top and turning the apple over with the same hand. The fruit must be fully covered and the paper smooth. Where it is possible wrap so that the corners of the paper fold over the stem end, and thus forms a cushion over the stem and prevents it coming through the paper and puncturing its neighbors. The reader has perhaps gotten the idea from looking at show packs that each apple in the pack must have the same relative position as that of its neighbors. The commercial pack differs from the show pack in that it is perfectly permis- sible to turn an apple in the former in order to make the pack solid. I have already mentioned that one or two rows in the 112 and 128 packs are turned differently from the others. There is one thing, however, that should not be done. and that is turning the stem or blossom end to the side of the box. Whether or not the apple is packed on the end or side depends on which position will make the best package. [Editors Note—The figures in this article refer to the illustrated drawings of different packs appearing in connec- tion with Roy C. Brock’s article.] oo Editor Better Fruit: h i Yours of the 24th instant at hand, and in answer to same beg to say that the way you handled our cuts and matter in your July issue is certainly very satisfactory. We wish to com- pliment you one this issue of “Better Fruit.” It is a splendid effort. Yours truly. Boston Ter- minal Refrigerating Co., Charles L. Case, Manager. OER BETTER FRUIT Page BS) THE PICKING, PACKING AND MARKETING OF APPLES ROWING of commercial in Colorado has become a lead- ing state industry. Hundreds of families are supported by it, and no one who has made commercial apple-growing in Colorado his business under right con- ditions has ever failed. Nor need he ever fail in the future where conditions of growing are anything like right and a fair amount of intelligence is used in the work. That is to say, that there will always be a demand for Colorado apples in the markets of the country, and in the valleys of the state suited to the growth of apples a grower should always suc- ceed. There are different grades of suc- cess, however, and as the degree of hap- piness in many homes of fruit growers depends upon the grade of success the erower has it becomes at once important that the greatest possible success is attained. And as to methods that may be pursued there is a great range of pos- sibilities, almost limitless in extent, Therefore, my probelm will be to select what I think is the best method to be followed in the light of the experience I have had. A commercial apple in Colorado may be said to be almost any variety. In our country the North Fork Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, of which I am a mem- ber, has some years shipped as many as a hundred different varieties of apples. This year we shipped fifty-five. Some of these varieties were very good and some were bad, and yet I do not recall a single year when a single variety has not been sold at a profit. There is a vast differ- ence, however, as to the amount of profit; and, therefore, where it 1s possible to do so it is important to grow the best varieties. And I want to say in this con- nection that every apple grower in Colo- rado, unless he is extremely wealthy to begin with, in fact has all the money he wants or ever expects to want, should grow apples for money, and for that rea- son alone. This may seem so self-evi- dent to many that you will wonder why I speak of it. But if it is self-evident that we should grow apples for money, it is also self-evident that many are now failing to make the most of their oppor- tunities. Therefore, the main effort of this article will be to point out what I believe to be the best way to make money out of the growing of commercial apples. I believe I will be advocating nothing new when I say that the Jonathan has proven itself to be the best apple grown in Colorado today as a money-maker. Next the Rome Beauty. Colorado beats the world on Jonathan and Rome Beauty. Next the Stayman Winesap and the Grimes Golden. Then comes what we might call the second grade, the Gano. the Black Ben Davis, the Pearmains, Geniton, Missouri Pippin, and so forth. If I should plant another orchard for myself I should not go outside of the first four varieties mentioned, Jonathan, Rome Beauty, Stayman Winesap and Grimes Golden. But if I had grown trees of a number of the varieties that apples. BY A. L. ROBERTS, PAONIA, COLORADO might be called second-graders I should probably not graft them (unless there was some other special reason) because I doubt if it would pay. Money that comes in right now is often worth more than the chance that more might come in in five or six years. Some varieties, however, when in standard locations and not too old, undoubtedly do pay to graft, as no one wants yery poor varieties if stock and location warrant grafting to better sorts. Of the newer varieties, such as Winter Banana or Delicious, I have had no experience. Neither do I know how the Spitzenberg and the New- town Pippin of the Northwest would pay in this country, but I should have to have considerable proof of their adapta- bility before ,I would want to try any new variety on a large scale. My subject includes picking, packing and marketing. I do not consider either picking or packing to be very compli- cated, or very difficult of proper accom- plishment for commercial success. Nev- ertheless both must be done with great care. For picking I use the ordinary picking sacks, and believe that they are sufficient for the proper enough care is taken. I know that many success if apple growers will not agree with me in this, believing that too many apples RBERICAR LARD & IRASGAS LON EX RUSIUY UR BY MRGIEDM SER RAK SRBRER BES VOKR UNV S: | et omen OT : POTATO TROPHY To be awarded for best exhibit of white potatoes at the New York Land Show next November. Value $1,000 are bruised when sacks are used, hence they prefer to use buckets or baskets that are rigid. They are much slower, however, and, therefore, more expensive (© wee, Ul Ineye BS@ irOminGl wmee hoy ordinary crew of apple pickers can be induced to be careful in using the sacks if enough pains is used in giving the pickers minute instructions and dwelling upon the importance of not bruising a single apple. It must be remembered that usually more apples are bruised put- ting the apples into the sacks than in emptying into the boxes or in hitting the sacks of apples on ladders or limbs. I always insist that my pickers put their hands clear down into the sacks until the apples can be placed carefully upon the other apples already in the sacks. But care must be taken in all points, and after your crew Is properly instructed it is absolutely necessary to insist that these instructions are carried out to the letter at all times. This can be done, and success can be had in this manner. I believe in the Colorado box, the one adopted at the Fruit Growers’ conven- tion held in Grand Junction last spring. I believe in the Colorado diamond pack and the three grades, extra fancy, extra choice and standard, adopted at the same meeting. We have used them and found them satisfactory, only we are now sell- ing our apples under copyrighted brands. Our extras are sold as the Columbine brand, our extra choice as the Paonia brand and our standards as the Robin brand. These brands have proven to be an advantage in selling. Until this season we have always employed exclusively the usual method of packing from the apples direct as they came from the orchard and were put upon the packing table without» the use of sorters. This method is entirely feasible, and a good commercial pack can be secured in this way if care enough is taken with the packers. In fact, in the case of both pickers and _ packers, patience, pains and vigilant watching are necessary for success. And my expe- rience is that it pays to take pains to explain to help why the rules are made, as well as to insist that they be followed. This year our manager has been experimenting some in assorting apples before they go to the packing tables. He reports some degree of success, and seems to be of the opinion that in a few years the plan may be able to be worked out sufficiently for adoption as part of the regular method of packing used by the association. It is certain it would be less difficult for the packers to pack prop- erly if all the apples were assorted and graded beforehand. It also may be pre- sumed that a sorter, having only one thing to perform, might be able to do it better than a packer will do, having to pack the apples at the same time. But the main question is the expense and whether it will pay or not, and my expe- rience is not sufficient to answer as yet. I do not believe, however, that it will Page 36 BOX OF WHITE WINTER PEARMAIN BETTER FRUIT September ASHLAND, OREGON, EXHIBIT AT SOUTHERN 96 apples to the box, with top, side and some of the wrappers, showing method of packing by Hollan Archibald ever pay us to adopt the complicated system of assorting to sizes used in the Northwest. This brings me to the most vital sub- ject, marketing. There are many impor- tant things to be done and left undone to be successful with a commercial orchard. But the most important of all is marketing, or getting the money out of a crop. There are also more failures in this than in any other branch of the business. For the benefit of the fruit industry in Colorado I would urge that as growers we take a broad view of the marketing problem. In the first place, it has been clearly demonstrated, I think, that a fruit grower’s business does not cease when the fruit is grown; it only ceases when money for the crop is safely in the bank, and then only to begin again in the preparation for a new crop. And this thing of turning one’s crop over to some outside commission house to sell, although sometimes coming up to expec- tations, has nevertheless so frequently ended in financial disaster to the growers concerned that enlightened communities have long since evolved a better plan— the plan of marketing through associa- tions of growers. By this method a suffi- cient quantity of fruit is brought together to enable the association to employ its own manager or managers, sales man- ager or salesmen. These men are inter- ested only in getting as much for the growers as possible. The largest and most notable example of this in the United States or the world, perhaps, is the California Fruit Growers’ Exchange, which has its agents in every large mar- ket in the United States and Canada, and a reperesentative in Europe. Then there are fruit growers’ associations in Florida and Texas. in Washington and Oregon, Utah, Idaho and in Coto-ado. Now, taking into consideration the returns to the growers from associations the country over and comparing them with the returns from all private ship- pers the country over, I believe the returns from the associations will be found to be much the best. This is not saying that a few individual shippers may not have an advantageous connec- tion with some market in which they obtain just as good results as associa- tions do, but it 1s not the rule. Then, too, asociations are a great benefit to a community in many other ways than simply selling fruit. A good association CLAMP TRUCK, INVENTED BY HOLLAN ARCHIBALD OREGON DISTRICT FAIR will sell any product the growers have to dispose of in any large quantity; it will supply its growers with the best packing material, the best spray material, the best spraying machinery, and so forth, at reasonable prices, usually lower than private stores will do. It will also be a bureau of information for the grow- ers at all times, and its officers will be constantly watching for knowledge that will be of benefit to its shippers. There are different plans upon which associa- tions can be run. Some associations take entire charge of the packing as well as shipping the fruit of their growers. and others simply market the packed product as it is delivered to them. I believe, however, that all associations exercise some jurisdiction in formulating rules for grading and packing. The best way, I believe, is to have all fruit packed directly by the associations. Undoubt- edly in this manner a greater uniformity in grading and packing can be secured. And this will be found to be a big advan- tage in marketing, as all buyers desire at all times uniformity in pack and pack- age. Most associations also pro rate their returns. All should do so. In this way each grower receives the same for like grade and variety. And in doing this it can easily be seen that it is much fairer to each grower if the greatest pos- sible uniformity has been attained in grading and packing, and this can only be done when all packing is in direct charge of the association management. Also, this pro rating feature, peculiar only to associations, is a most estimable feature. A grower can hardly afford to be without this provision if he is located near any good association which uses it. It is like an insurance policy on his crop. If a car or two of his fruit is smashed in a wreck or goes wrong in any way he dose not have to lose all or BETTER FRUIT 4 ' & : : FRUIT AND PRODUCE STORE OF LAUX & APPEL, 211 POYDRAS STREET, NEW ORLEANS fight out a claim for damages with the railroad company. He gets what all his neighbors get, and what all the associa- tion’s shippers get for the same thing. He can hardly afford to take the risk and chance of getting very much less for the chance that he might get just as much. Our own association, the North Fork Fruit Growers’ Association of Paonia, is, I believe, an example of a successful association—one which has been a tre- mendous benefit to Paonia growers. Since it has been running our shippers have received a great deal more money for their fruit than they were receiving before, and they have been getting their money much quicker. Land values have been advanced and the increase has been maintained largely upon the _ prices obtained by the association. In this association all fruit is packed under direct charge of the association manage- ment and all fruit is pro rated, with like grade and variety. We have a board of five directors, a manager and, in season, a foreman for each packing station. We have three regular packing and shipping houses on the railroad, and have packing stations at a number of other places at a distance from the railroad. For the last two years we have also maintained boarding and lodging tents for packers and help. In this way a large responsi- bility in harvesting is removed from the growers, and it really makes their troubles very much less. At the same time a single management can handle the situation more advantageously and more economically than individual grow- ers can do for themselves. Personally I find it a great deal of comfort to know that all will be taken care of at the pack- ing house, that all I have to do is to deliver my fruit to the packing house and spend my money. Neverthless it is something of an education to learn to be a good association member, as well as something to learn to know how to Tun one just right. A number of our growers who have shipped with our shipping with us Their reasons for not doing so are, in my opinion, usually trivial. They are not good reasons. They are not such reasons as ought to influence a prudent man to change a convenient and safe sys- tem of marketing for something untried and experimental. Personal pique or personal dislike of some official is not a good reason for allowing one’s self to lose perhaps several hundred dollars a year. One should be willing to ship with his worst enemy if his returns were made greater thereby. I do not recall a single instance in which a grower has quit ship- ping with our association and tried some other way and has not lost money by so doing. Usually they have gotten a good deal less money for a like quantity and grade of fruit, and have had to wait for a much longer time for what they did get. I have already said that we should grow fruit for money. We need to make money in our business. The welfare of ourselves and our families requires it, and the development of our country is enhanced by it. And I say it is foolish to let some little, trivial reason stand in association are not today. the way of our own progress. I believe in the association idea. In an organiza- tion of fruit growers for themselves. And, then, if a grower has a suspicion that something is not being run right in his association let him make an honest investigation. It may convince him that he is mistaken. If, on the other hand, he becomes sure that there is a wrong he should be able to convince the majority of the fault and secure their aid in having it righted. I have spoken freely of our association, the North Fork Fruit Grow- ers’ Association ot Paonia, not, indeed, with any wish to advertise it or to lower any competitor in the estimation of the grower, but because it is the one I have had experience with, and because my experience has led me to believe that this is the best method of marketing fruit. What has been true of our association Page 37 also has and will be true, I believe, of other real associations. And that brings out the point that not all so-called asso- ciations are real I would define a real association as one that does not handle fruit except for growers, that is, it does not buy and sell produce for itself. and which pro rates its returns. It is sometimes an advantage for several associations to unite in selling, that is, to have the same sales manager. Mr. W. H. Garvin of Delta has been for sev- eral years the sales manager for several associations. This last year, I believe, he was selling for an association in Monte- zuma, for one in Montrose, three in Delta County (Gneluding our own), and, if I mistake not, for one in Rifle. I believe Mr. Moore of Grand Junction also was sales manager for a number of associa- tions in Mesa County and Utah. This uniting of associations in selling enables them to offer sufficient quantity to induce the best talent to undertake its sale, and is a point which should not be lost sight of by the different boards of associations. It also to a large extent prevents our fruit from coming into hurtful competi- tion with itself. For this reason, mainly, there has been some talk of attempting to form a mammoth association in Colo- rado which shall undertake the buying and selling for what would be practically all present associations formed into one. Whether this would not be too large and unwieldy to operate successfully I can hardly form an opinion. There are some ways, of course, in which it might be an advantage. Of this I am certain, how- ever, that the association method of mar- keting has proven the best, the safest and the most reliable, and it will prob- ably always be an advantage to any new associations which may be formed to make its quantity big enough by uniting with other associations, if necessary, to enable it to take advantage of the best talent in marketing. associations. LADDERS MANUFACTURED AND USED BY HOLLAN ARCHIBALD Page 38 BETTER FRUIT September HARVESTING AND PACKING OF THE APPLE CROP ADDRESS BY E. H. SHEPARD, EDITOR “BETTER FRUIT,” AT INTERNATIONAL APPLE SHIPPERS’ ASSOCIATION, NIAGARA FALLS, AUGUST 6, 1910 OT only is it a compliment, but a great honor, indeed, to be asked to address the Interna- tional Apple Shippers’ Association, an association composed of the ablest, cley- erest and biggest men in the world, engaged in selling apples. While I have no apology to offer, still I must say it is with no little embarrassment that I stand before you today. If I were an orator it would be another matter, but IT am just a plain apple grower from Hood River. Oregon, 3,000 miles from home, among strangers, appearing for the first time before a large public audience to talk on one of the great industries of this country, the apple business. You, gentlemen, have been engaged in selling apples many years. Many of you have devoted a lifetime to the work, and I shall not assume to tell you what you should do or how it should be done. It will be my purpose. as suggested by your worthy president, to relate in plain language how an apple crop is handled in the Northwest, and how it should be handled. Most of my talk will be confined to harvesting and packing the apple crop, but with the per- mission of the chair I shall make a few general remarks, which I trust will be of benefit to those interested in the apple business. If some of the suggestions meet with approval I shall feel well repaid for the long journey. I want you people to know that I am not talking theory, and to understand my remarks are not based on a smatter- ing knowledge of the apple business picked up in a superficial way. I must ask you to permit me a few remarks of a personal nature. My father was a large orchardist in California, where I was born, and he followed the business until I was grown. I attended college, graduating in 1880, and, by the way, surprising as it may seem to you, we have a University Club in Hood River composed of 135 college men, 117 of whom are engaged in the apple business. This indicates progressiveness in the apple growing industry of the future. If I seem as enthusiastic as I feel I can find no better words to express my opti- mism than the following excerpt about Hood River in a recent issue of The Outlook: “The spectator has lingered on the commercial side of this apple raising country, as it is that side which has attracted capitalists, professional men and college graduates to try their hand at fruit culture and country living, but aside from the perfect apples, which have given the valley its fame, there are scenic attractions which would cause one to linger here. But he who lingers is lost, and straightway buys an orchard and devotes himself to the raising of apples. He cannot help it; the very air is charged with apples; the theme of all conversation is apples; the apple orchard is ever before one’s vision, and it is a strong man who can resist the call.’ And I would add that the spirit of enthusiasm indicated in this article exists in every fruit section throughout the Northwest. It is the Northwestern spirit. This means enthusiasm, aggres- Siveness, energy and ability, and these words spell “success.” The success of the Northwest is proved by the quality of fruit it ships. For twenty years I was engaged in the wholesale molding and_ stationery business. Seven years ago I went to Hood River, Oregon, bought forty acres of land, practically all of which I have set to orchard myself. For six years I was manager of the Hood River Fruit Growers’ Union, and from 1904 to 1906. I was manager of the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union. The two unions are now consolidated, and I am vice-presi- dent, treasurer and director. I know and feel quite well acquainted with many of the apple dealers who are members of your association, because I have per- sonally met a great many and have done business with a great many more through our association. In addition to this experience, I am editor and pub- lisher of “Better Fruit,’ which, I believe, is the only paper published in Amer- ica that is absolutely and exclusively devoted to fruit, and I want to say that it is my pride to make “Better Fruit” BARLEY TROPHY For best exhibit of barley at the New York Land Show next November. Donated by Col. Gustav Pabst, Milwaukee the best and most influential fruit grow- ers’ paper in America. “Better Fruit” is not owned or controlled by any sec- tion, or state, or class, or business. “Better Fruit” is trying to cover a field attempted by no other publication I know of; it is its aim to be as fair to the apple dealer and buyer as it is to the grower. Now, with the experience and opportunities afforded me it is only natural that I should have absorbed some information, which I trust will be of some value to at least a few, if not all of you. . Your busitress, our business -and all~kinds of business for that mat- ter is evolutionary. At the end of the first year the average apple grower thinks he knows it all, at the end of the second year his opinion is that he knows less, and at the end of the third year his conclusion is that he knows but little. As an apple grower I have reached the third degree. As this is my first appearance before the International Apple Shippers’ Asso- ciation, it has been difficult for me to anticipate what would most likely inter- est you, and I realize that many subjects will be omitted, about which you may want information, therefore, if there are any questions that the members would like to ask at the close of this adddress it will be my pleasure to answer them conscientiously and to the best of my ability. I am on the program to talk about apple packing and grading. While this subject will take up most of the time allowed me, I come to you with a mission. This mission involved is more than the mechanical part of packing and grading. My main object in appearing before you today is to bring about a better feeling between the apple dealer and the apple grower, to be instrumental in creating confidence and harmony, to bring the apple dealer and the apple grower closer together. I think you will concede that if two men want to do business honesty and frankness will close the transaction quicker and more satisfactorily than bluffing, exaggera- tion and misrepresentation. In order that I may not be misunderstood by this remark, I will be more explicit. Too frequently an apple dealer, when he goes to the orchardist, shipper or asso- ciation commences by stating in the most forcible manner possible: “The apple crop is going to be immense all over the whole country.” His next statement often is, “Every dealer lost money in the apple business last year,” and the final clincher is, when he brings his fist down on the table, sometimes with cuss words, “Prices are going to be low this year.” Now, the grower is just as bad. He tells you “the crop is going to be light, the quality is the best in the history of the business, and this year,” he will tell you, “there is no crop between New York and the Pacific ocean;” and too often, I must admit, his final statement is, “Prices will be high and the buyer must pay.’ It will be evident to you that I admit the apple erower has faults as well as the dealer. TOIT BOX PRESS, INVENTED AND MANUFACTURED BY HOLLAN ARCHIBALD. BETTER FRUIT TO ANY BOX, AND IS ALSO ROLLER-BEARING My honest opinion is that both fre- quently do wrong. If the dealer and the grower will cut out all exaggeration, misrepresentation and skirmishing at long distance and get squarely down to actual conditions, being frank with each other, offering and asking a reasonable price in accordance with the market con- ditions each year, governed by the laws of supply and demand, business can be done a great deal quicker and more satisfactory to both. A great many might wonder why I. a Northwest apple grower, am so earnest in my desire to see the pack and grade of apples improved generally throughout the country. I believe the better the grade and pack of every section the better it will be for every other fruit district. The explanation is simple. All business, including the apple industry, is - subject to the inevitable law of political economy, supply and demand. To illus- trate this: Assume there is a demand at a fair price of 40,000,000 barrels of apples this year and that 50,000,000 barrels of apples are grown. The growers must do one of two things; take a lower price on account of the excess ten million bar- rels or grade and pack their apples so as to cut out this excess of twenty per cent. Gentlemen, if there is one thing that I want to urge more than another today it is to put up quality apples. Leave the culls at home. Now, this is not advice, it is common business sense, and you apple dealers know that at best culls hardly pay the freight. To ship them means an unnecessary increase in supply, which pays no profit. It means also that the grade will be lower, and this means lower prices, less profit for you and less profit for the grower. I believe I am justified in making the statement that at least twenty per cent of the average crop of apples ought to be made into vinegar. In some localities this per- centage will be less and others greater, and I say to the growers, don’t be ashamed of your account with the vine- gar factory, for the vinegar factory is one of the best friends the apple grower has in the world, if he only knew it and used it more. ADJUSTABLE Page 39 It is human nature to want fruit, and to buy fruit when we visit the fruit stand if the fruit is fresh and in perfect condition. This means increased con- sumption. On the other hand, it is equally true that if the fruit is bruised, decayed or unattractive it is human nature not to buy. This stops consump- tion. What we want is consumption, increased consumption, and the way to create it and build it up is for the grower and the dealer to pack, ship and sell only fruit that is of good quality. Therefore, I say let the slogan of the fruit grower and the fruit dealer be, “Quality first, quality last and quality all the time.” It seems proper to cover the field briefly and endeavor to show what is necessary in order to obtain this quality. I believe [ can illustrate plainly by telling you just how we do things in the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, because I am familiar with every detail of our meth- ods. I might add that I believe the methods of grade and pack of the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union are sur- passed nowhere in the apple-growing world. There are many good fruit dis- tricts in the Northwest, among which may be mentioned Colorado, Utah, Mon- tana, Idaho. In the State of Washing- ton Spokane, Walla Walla, Wenatchee and Yakima; in the State of Oregon Grande Ronde Valley, Hood _ River, Southern Oregon and the Willamette Valley. I have mentioned these districts at random and have not named them in their relative order as to either quantity or quality. As manager of the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union I wrote the original rules on grading and packing in 1904, which we have improved every year since, and these rules on packing and grading are being closely followed, being improved each year by practically every one of the Northwest apple pro- ducing sections. Now, if you please, I will carry you briefly through the princi- pal features of handling the apple crop. IT am going to tell you about them, because through you what I say here CALIFORNIA PEARS IN WAkEHOUSE OF MESSRS. GARCIA JACOBS & COMPANY, LONDON Page 40 today may reach the grower. It is the fruit grower that you must educate if you want to get better quality. Better quality means better prices, and better prices mean better profits to you and better results for the fruit grower. Picking.—That’s easy. Any man, woman or child can pick apples, but just this ignorance in a large measure accounts for the serious loss that results from off condition on arrival or in stor- age. Picking is a science and it is 1mpos- sible for me to describe in words exactly how and when every variety of apple should be picked in all the different localities. The best I can do is to give a few general words of advice and cau- tion. As a rule the apple is ready to pick when the seeds turn brown and the stem separates with. comparative ease from the spur, but this general rule is not definite. A man must know from the general appearance of the apple when it is ready to pick, and this he can only learn from experience. In a way the color is the best guide. The color should be a matured color. An apple is generally ready to pick when it is “hard ripe.” This means the apple is matured, not ripe enough to eat, but ripe enough to ship, stand up, and ripe enough to have the proper taste. To pick apples at this stage is very impor- tant. As all apples on the tree do not mature at the same time, it is generally advisable to make two or three pickings. With red apples there is a growing tendency on the part of the grower, on account of the desirability of a good red color, to allow apples to hang too long on the tree. The apple that is allowed to hang too long on the tree is beautiful in color, and as far as casual observa- tion goes in perfect condition; this is what fools the average grower. I want to say emphatically that if the apple is allowed to hang too long on the tree it is neither in condition to carry in long transit or hold up in cold storage; ina- bility to judge the proper maturity for picking brings back many reports of off BETTER FRUIT September PART OF THE EXHIBIT OF BOXED APPLES AT THE MEETING OF THE MAINE POMOLOG- ICAL SOCIETY, HELD AT AUBURN, MAINE, NOVEMBER 8-9, 1910 condition and falling down in storage; it means poor returns for the grower and a cussing from the grower for the dealer; an apple has just so much keep under perfect conditions, and when improperly handled the condition will be off, the keep shortened and the returns low. The same exactness snould apply in picking yellow apples as the red, but as a rule the grower is not apt to allow them to hang so long. A grower must know each of his: varieties and under- stand them thoroughly. I find a great many do not know that the Yellow New- town Pippin should be picked green. The reason is that the English trade demand the Newtown green, and they demand it green because they know when it is green it will have keep and stand up in cold storage. Apples should be carefully hand picked in a basket or bucket, and should be emptied carefully or placed by hand into the field box. The main object is to prevent bruising, AN EXCELLENT COMMERCIALLY PACKED BOX, APPLE EXHIBIT OF W. N. YOST, BOISE VALLEY, AS WELL AS WASHINGTON COUNTY, IDAHO as bruising shortens the keep, attractive- ness and salableness of apples. Speaking of ladders, a great many growers think any old barn ladder that you can lean up against the tree fills the bill, but the fruit grower now-a-days must be up-to-date and adopt modern ways and equipment. Light ladders should be used, convenient to carry and so compact that they can be easily placed between the limbs instead of against them. They should be strong, so they will last. Avoid !adders that lean up against the tree because they not only break the limbs but the bark, and wherever the limb or the bark of a tree is broken an opening is made where some of the many diseases now prevalent will have a chance to enter. Every grower should be provided with orchard boxes. The only way the grower can deliver you a clean box is by using orchard boxes. I know you gentlemen realize the importance of clean boxes, and I dare say that where I have seen one soiled box you have handled them to your sorrow by thou- sands. I say to you the only way to get clean boxes is to insist in your contract that the .boxes shall be clean, and the only way for the grower to give you clean boxes is to use orchard boxes to pick in. The orchard box used in Hood River is made of heavy lumber with cleats on the top so the boxes can be piled one on top of the other without bruising the apples. These will last a ereat many years. The box we use is large enough to pack out a Northwest standard box. We are here for friendly discussion and a better understanding, and not to quarrel. Dont go up in the air when I say our box contains a bushel, a Winchester bushel, the only one recog- nized by the United States Department of Weights and Measures. I trust you will pardon me for mentioning this sub- ject. I intended to refrain entirely, but the chair has agreed to protect me, and the chair wrote me [ had license to say anything I wanted to providing I did not offend the chair; to which I replied that I would endeavor not to offend the TOE BETTER FRUIT POYDRAS STREET, NEW ORLEANS. THE GREAT WHOLESALE FRUIT AND PRODUCE SECTION chair, but if I did and the chair got too indignant either the chair or myself would probably go out of the window. In days gone by, before our friend, the codling moth made its appearance, it was not necessary to wipe apples. If it were not for the codling moth and some other diseases we might grow more apples than the trade would consume. It is the difficulty in growing apples that prevents over-production. To produce clean apples now it is necessary to spray. Apples covered with spray are certainly unattractive to the consumer, and, there- fore, I think and believe all apples should be wiped. When wiping the apples should be graded, and I believe the subject of grading is one in which you gentlemen are vitally interested. I believe that ordinarily two grades are sufficient, a first and second, or call it, if you will, “extra fancy” and “choice.” Ordinarily it will not pay to pack more than two grades, as every time an extra grade is introduced it adds about five cents extra per box to the cost of pack- ing. I believe the grading rules of the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union cover the specifications sufficiently for any intelligent apple dealer and grower who wants to do what is right. and I believe they are clear enough so that any experienced apple dealer or grower can carry them out without incon- extra expense. I believe if they are followed the grade will be satis- yenience or factory, and better prices will be the result. both for the dealer and the grower. I quote you the grade rules of the Hood River Apple Growers’ Union: Fancy Grade consists of perfect apples only. The apples must be free from worm holes, stings, scale, fungus, scab, rust or any other diseases, and free from all insect pests. decay or injury. They must be free from bruises and limb-rubs, and the skin around the stem must not be broken. All apples must be clean, fully matured, not deformed, and must have a healthy color. Spitzenbergs must have seventy per cent or more of good red color. All red apples must be of good color. Choice grade consists of apples a little below fancy, and includes such apples as are not perfect. These must be good apples, not culls. No apples with worm holes or broken skin will be accepted. Limb-rubs must not be larger than a ten cent piece. Only two stings will be allowed, and no sting is permitted where the skin of the apple is broken. No apples will be accepted if affected with San Jose scale, dry rot, or which show an open or black bruise. Apples showing fungus will not be per- mitted where the spot is larger than one- half inch in diameter. It seems to me that grade and size are not one and the same thing, and that no single classification can be used in marking the package, the box or barrel, which would indicate both. Some apples are of very high class quality, but do not run large in size, and I do not believe any marking should be used to : CARRS fh ae a so a COMMERCIALLY PACKED APPLE EXHIBIT FROM THE ROGUE RIVER VALLEY, Page. 41 convey the impression that they were of inferior grade. A diamond may be very small but very high grade, while on the other hand, a diamond may be very large and of inferior grade, therefore, gentlemen, some term like “grade A,” “esas 1B,” “eareicle C5" Or “@xxinral tenoeyy, “fancy,” “choice,” or such other expres- sion as may seem advisable ought to be used to indicate the grade, and mean the erade only, and I think each box ought to be marked with the number of apples the box contains to indicate the size of the apples. In a word, I believe each package should be marked with two terms. one to indicate quality and one to indicate size. Every orchardist should be provided with suitable packing tables. I believe that every package of fruit should be lined with paper, and I am _ satisfied, beyond any reasonable doubt in the world, that when apples are wrapped they carry better, bruise less and arrive in better condition and keep bet- ter in cold storage. Boxes and barrels should all be made of good lumber, well put together, and when loaded in car for shipment cae box or barrel should be absolutely clean. Boxes should be piled on the sides; this prevents bruising. The side of the box is made of heavier lum- ber, which does not give like the swell on the top and bottom. Boxes should be well made, clear stock, securely nailed with nails that won't pull out. I know of no better nail to tse than the Pearson cement-coated nail. The grower should be required to stamp on the end of every box or barrel his name, postoffice address, the variety of apples and the size and grade. Now, a word more about the importance of the grower putting his name and post- offices address on the end of every pack- age. It may seem unnecessary trouble. but I consider it a very important requirement on the part of the buyer and apple dealer. The apple grower of today, particularly of the Northwest, is a man who is proud of his calling and proud of his finished product, and let me say to you emphatically that since we have made this requirement a state law in Oregon, Washington and Idaho the pack is far superior to the pack e a : "1 ee os ie 4 en oame ( a My EB f ft BS! head OREGON, AT THE LAND AND IRRIGATION EXPOSITION, CHICAGO Page 42 before this state law became effective. Why? Because if a box of poor fruit could not be traced back to the grower by the association the grower’s responsi- bility would cease after the box was accepted by the union. If you gentle- men will insist on this requirement in your contract with the different apple growers, apple shippers and associations I feel justified in assuring you that you will secure a far better pack. A wagon is a wagon, but when it comes to hauling apples to the depot a dead axle must be a thing of the past. As a matter of protection to you and for the benefit of the grower permit me to suggest that you require all apples be hauled to the depot from the orchard in spring wagons. The wagon should be covered so as to keep off either the dust or rain. Many a grower, through care- lessness or ignorance, hauls apples to market on a dead axle. I know what this means. It means the apples are bruised before they leave the district where they are grown, the condition is affected and the keep shortened. The grower, through his own carelessness and ignorance, damages the crop that he has worked a year to grow, and then blames you when he gets his returns for what is his own fault. A packing house is essential when a grower wants to put up fancy apples. It should be well lighted, of sufficient size and conveniently arranged for car- rying on this important part of the apple industry. In order to put apples up in the most perfect condition it is neces- sary after picking to get them quickly into a cool place, where they will be protected from the sun. Where the grower packs in the orchard the apples absorb heat from the sun. The less heat there is in an apple when it is shipped the better it will carry and the longer it rd a’ WEO ercana REACHES) TADMP SGM FRU TOVIPAWN PMWATD BY COWIE WS YAQHAL 2 ed PACKING PEACHES, THOMPSON BETTER FRUIT — 1 in Tee Miter September ONE OF THE MANY DOCKS ON WATER FRONT, SEATTLE (PUGET SOUND). —_ A GREAT EXPORT PLACE FOR FRUITS AND PRODUCE FOR ALASKA POINTS will keep. I believe the district pro- vided with apple packing houses will be the district that will put its fruit in your hands in the finest condition and get the highest price. In Hood River many of the growers have comfortable packing houses, costing from $2,000 to $7,000. Some growers may not be able to erect suitable packing houses, but I believe they can be cared for by community packing houses located in the different districts under a superintendent of the association. I do not hesitate to say whenever you find a district well pro- Photo by Colwille, North Yakima, Washington FRUIT COMPANY vided with suitable packing houses you can have additional guarantee of secur- ing apples put up in proper condition. Of all the features I] have mentioned being responsible for the off condition that you so frequently have to contend with I don’t believe there is one that is as equally responsible for so much loss or damage as allowing the apples to remain unpacked from one to three weeks. The quicker the apple is packed after it is picked the better the condi- tion will be when it reaches your hands. The longer the wait after being picked before being packed and shipped the poorer the condition will be on arrival. I would suggest that you require in your contracts with the shipper or asso- ciation that the apples be packed promptly after being picked, and the quicker the better. Mr. G. Harold Powell of the Department of Agricul- ture, one of the ablest men in his line of work that I have met, was sent by the United States government to California to investigate and ascertain the cause of the serious losses in orange shipments to the East. He has visited Hood River twice, spending two or three days each time. In reply to my question, “What are the greatest causes for fruit arriving in off condition or failing to keep in cold storage?” he said “the two greatest reasons for fruit going down either in transit or in storage is careless handling by the grower and too long a wait after the fruit is picked before it is shipped.” I believe in associations. It is my opinion that associations are of equal value to the fruit grower and the fruit dealer. Where associations are organ- ized on the right lines and properly con- ducted by an able manager, my expe- rience and observation is that the grower does better work. I believe associations are as much benefit to the apple dealer and buyer as they are to the grower. i TRAL POINT % GRAPES AS THEY GROW IN My reasons for these statements are that the associations organize and systema- tize the business, and raise the standard and put up a uniform grade. In Hood River the grower does not pack his own apples; the apples are packed by the association packers, and each packer is registered, and before being registered he must be able to put up a good pack. In addition to this the association pro- tects you by the inspection that is made when the apples are being packed and after they are packed before being shipped, and it is my positive opinion that you can get a better and more uni- form pack through an association than you can from a lot of individual grow- ers who are packing according to their own ideas of standard requirements and quality, which necessarily are different. Not only for this reason is the associa- tion a benefit to you and a protection, but for the further reason that after purchasing and paying your money, if you deal with an association, you are dealing with a business firm or corpora- tion of such standing in the fruit world that it must not only guarantee the pack, but it must make that guarantee good. If the individual puts up an off-condition pack and gets his money for it the fact is seldom known by anybody except the grower and the dealer. If you get stung the grower feels that he is evening up for some past experience when he has been stung by someone else; he is not hurt or his market affected, because he can ship to some other firm next year. I believe there are about as many apple erowers ready to do the commission men as there are cOmmission men ready to do the apple growers, but the associa- tion cannot afford to feel this way, and it would be suicidal for it to act in this manner. If an association puts up an off grade or poor pack it is a matter of public news to the trade, the reputation of the union is impaired, and that affects the standing and the pocket book of BETTER FRUIT THE ROGUE RIVER VALLEY every grower in the district, therefore, gentlemen, it must be evident to you that the association’s aim must be to give you a square deal, to guarantee its pack and back up its guarantee. I think I have covered as many impor- tant features of the subject assigned to me as time will permit, with one excep- tion, and that one exception is the actual method or manner of packing a box of apples. To go into this subject is a matter of detail, and to describe how to pack a box of apples would be uninter- esting to many of you, and would be more than you would care to hear on an occasion of this kind. It is almost impossible for anyone to tell you in words how to pack a box of apples. It is just aS impossible to tell how to pack a box of apples as it is to tell a man how. to ride a horse or how to swim. It is something that must be learned by actual practice. It is a trade, and if a man develops into a successful packer after one year’s experience he _ has done well. I believe if every fruit dealer, in his contract with the grower, shipper or association, will embody the main points that I have mentioned it will go a long way toward making the business between the fruit grower and the fruit dealer pleasanter, more satisfactory and more profitable. I am sure that it will result in giving you better apples, better erading and better quality on arrival. On the other hand, I believe by demand- ing these requirements that you will be doing the fruit grower a favor, because I am satisfied beyond all doubt that By adopting these suggestions you will get a better pack and a better grade, and be able to return the fruit grower better money. When you get right down to brass tacks it is results that count, and it must be quality, quality, quality, if you people are going to get results. The fruit growers of the Northwest know Rage 43 that I am their friend. I want know that I am your friend. [ cannot help the dealer without helping the grower; [| cannot help the grower with- out helping the dealer; therefore, the sincerity of this mutual friendship must be evident to you. you to oo © RUIT GROWERS or any other users of insecticides or fungicides will be interested in circular No. 65 just issued by the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of California, upon the California insecticide law. This law, which has just gone into effect, requires all manufacturers or dealers to properly label and guarantee the purity of all such substances, providing severe penalties for its violation and prohibits the sale of such goods until the dealer shall have complied with the require- ments. of the law. Any user of insecti- cides or fungicides can now have the material they buy examined by the uni- versity upon the payment of a nominal fee, and thus learn whether it conforms to the guarantee of the dealer. Hun- dreds of thousands of dollars are spent each year in this state for the control of insects and fungi, and the efficiency of the treatments depends in great meas- ure upon the quality of the chemicals used. The present law will go far toward insuring that only honest prepa- rations will find sale in this state. The insecticide laboratory will ,subsequently issue bulletins explaining to the growers the grades of insecticides upon the mar- ket and their relative values. The pres- ent circular is intended primarily for the information of the manufacturers and dealers. It will be of interest, however, to every one concerned in the control of insects or fungi. A copy of this circular can be had on application to the director of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Berkeley, California. oo © NE of- the new courses of study offered by the Missouri College of Agriculture is a four years’ course for women, leading to the degree of bachelor of science in agriculture. This course is intended to give women not only a knowledge of home economics, but a thorough training in those farm prac- tices in which women are particularly interested. The course includes farm crops and soils, dairying, botany, garden- ing, care of flowering plants and fruit culture, besides the usual studies that have heretofore been included in the reg- ular home economics course. It is expected that this course will prove popular with a large class of young women who intend to spend their lives on farms or in teaching in connection with agricultural schools. It is a well balanced course, affording a wide range of studies from which students may select work outside of the agricultural and home economics departments. © © Editor Better Fruit: “Better Fruit’ ’is certainly the best fruit grow- er’s paper I have ever read, and you deserve every success in your efforts. The July number I consider an excellent production, and will no doubt do much in bringing grower and dealer closer together. Wishing you every success, I remain yours faithfully, If. Strong, Yorkton, Sas- katchewan, Canada. Page 44 BETTER FRUIT September TIME FOR PICKING AND PACKING AND PACKAGES BY F. E. THOMPSON, NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON Y experience as a fruit grower in the Yakima Valley dates back to the year 1889, when the ship- ment of fruits would not total ten cars from the entire Yakima district. Haying passed through the constructive days of fruit growing and shipping, being the first shipper to route a straight car of fruit to a point east of the Missourt River, experience and observation have been my teacher, and I might add that some of my experience has been finan- cially very disastrous at times. The production of good fruit begins with the early spring. Care and intelli- gent consideration must be given the trees during all the stages of cultivation, but as my line of thought is based on fruit ready to pick I will not discuss the operations of fruit raising. Picking of fruit sounds easy—it is easy for some people—but with the general fruit grow- ing public it is a hard job. The difh- culty arises by not knowing the proper time to remove the fruit from the trees; this applies especially to peaches. A peach picked too green will arrive at its destination in a withered condition, a dead, sickly green color, and absolutely unfit for consumption, while on the other hand, one picked too ripe will be just as worthless when subjected to a railway haul lasting over a period of ten or twelve days. For me to explain orally the exact time to harvest peaches for shipment would be impossible, and the only way this information could be imparted would be with the actual speci- mens of fruit before me. This would apply in a measure to all other kinds of fruit save apples and pears. With apples, when the color has thoroughly developed characteristic to the variety they are generally ready for harvesting. The average fruit grower leaves his apples on the trees entirely too long; when this is done they lose their esis qualities to a very great extent. Last fall the leaders in this valley had trouble galore in making deliveries of apples to the Eastern buyers on account of them being too ripe, and this excessive ripe- ness arose from too late picking. Bart- lett and other summer pears are ready to pick as soon as they have attained the diameter of two and one-half inches. Shippers of pears experience great trouble in late deliveries by the grow- ers; pears must not be allowed to hang on the trees till they take on the yellow cast, as that will mean disaster to someone. Presuming the fruit grower knows the exact stage to pick his fruit, the question of equipment arises. He needs ladders, buckets or baskets, a wagon equipped with good springs and a first class fore- man to take charge of picking gang. The shifting of fruit from picking buckets to lug boxes is bad practice; the bucket in which fruit is picked should and ought to go direct to the packing house and be packed direct from these picking buckets. If the fruit is graded ahead of the packers then let it be graded directly from the picking buckets. Stay away from innumerable handling; don’t pour fruit from picking buckets to orchard boxes. Every time fruit is trans- ferred great damage results from’ the operation; you will have skin punctured and bruised fruit, and to pack a specimen of fruit with a broken skin means rotten fruit within a very few days. Before an extra quality of fruit can be packed the element of grading enters into the game to a very great degree. In peaches my suggestion would be not over two grades be made, a “fancy” and a “choice,” and quoting in part from grades and rules adopted by the Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association we have the fol- lowing packing and grading rules: Peaches: Fancy—All fruit shall be free from worms, scale, disease, blem- ishes, split pits and picking bruises. Sound, firm, smooth, true to name and well colored according to variety. Choice—All fruit in this grade shall be in as perfect condition as the fancy grade, with the exception of color. Each grade and count shall be a uniform size; each peach neatly wrapped in paper and boxes tightly and carefully packed, suit- able for long distance shipping. Use diagonal pack, sides to be solid. The number of peaches, variety and grade shall be plainly stamped on the end of each box by grower. No Elberta peaches of greater count than eighty to the box will be received, and no variety of more than ninety to the box shall be accepted except Alexanders and Hales for nearby express shipments. Suggestion -— Use Washington standard boxes of appro- priate size; in making use six four-penny SCREW PRESS FRAME ules & ir, == TLL LTO 3 | Y IRON CIRCLE PRESS HEAD fi ANDINA cement-coated nails to each side, twelve three-penny cement-coated nails for bot- tom and eight four-penny cement-coated nails for top, nailing through cleats only. Use no cleats on bottom. Be careful in nailing that no points protrude. Prunes and plums should be packed in four basket crates, three tiers to each basket. Fruit must be sound, firm and free from all scale or other insect pests, scab or rough, stems intact as near pos- sible, and no fruit packed smaller than 6x6 in each tier. This means thirty-six specimens of fruit to the layer, and the packed crates should weigh not less than twenty-seven pounds gross. By all means use the diamond system of pack- ing. The packing rules for apricots, in a very great measure, are the same as for prunes and plums. In packing pears two grades should be made, a “fancy” and “choice.” Quoting again from the Yakima Valley Fruit Shippers’ Association grades and rules we have the following: Fancy—Bartlett., Buerre, d’Anjou, Flemish Beauty, Clapp’s Favorite, Comice, Buerre Clairgeau, Fall Butter and kindred varieties shall be no smaller than two and one-half inches in diameter. Winter Nelis must be no smaller than one and three-quarter inches in diameter. All pears must be packed in Washington standard boxes, not to weigh less than fifty-two pounds per box gross. All fruit must be free from worms, worm. stings, scale, picking bruises and blemishes; free from evi- dence of rough handling, scab or deformity of any character. Choice—All fruit shall be sound, free of worms, worm stings, scale and disease. Slightly mis- shapen pears, or those haying limb-rub or other slight defects may be included. No fruit less than two and one-half inches shall be acepted. In fact stock in this erade must be only a little below fancy. Name of variety, grade and tier shall be plainly stamped on end of each box by grower, variety in upper left hand and tier in upper right hand corner close to top. Suggestion—In making boxes use eight five-penny cement-coated nails on each side; eight six-penny on bottom and top, nailing through cleats only. A special pack of pears could probably be made for the New York and other East- ern markets, known as “extra fancy.” In this pack nothing but the very finest fruit should be used, and my experience as a Shipper has been that it pays to pack this grade, and more especially the Bart- lett and d’ Anjou varieties. We will now discuss the important subject of packing apples. Every grower, as before suggested, should be provided with buckets, lug boxes or other recep- tacles for the proper handling of the fruit while undergoing the process of picking, but do not in any event use the boxes that the apples are to be packed in for picking purposes. A soiled box hurts the sale of good fruit. All pack- ages should go on the market in clean condition. Regarding the wiping of apples there has been more or less dis- cussion. Since the advent of the codling ~ [recs sete es BETTER FRUIT ores ee a ear isnt WAREHOUSE AND FRUIT SHtPP1NG PLATFORM OWNED BY J. C. SINSELL, BOISE, IDAHO moth it has made spraying imperative, and during the process of spraying a deposit of lime is found on the fruit, but I question seriously the advisability of wiping. Nature has placed a bloom on this fruit for a purpose, and this bloom no doubt aids the apple in keeping qual- ity. On the other hand, packers of fancy fruit can show good logic and offer reasons why all spraying effects should be removed, and we must all admit that an apple after being wiped presents a better appearance than one that has not been thus treated. The sorting of apples ahead of the packer seems to be the most important of all, and three grades are quite suffi- cient. Quoting for the last time from grades and rules adopted by the Yakima Valley Fruit Shippers’ Association we have the following: Extra Fancy Export—Fruit shall be no smaller than two and one-half inches in diameter, of good, natural, matured color, free from. discolorations, and shall be absolutely free of worms, worm stings, scale, scab, limb-rub, water core, sun damage, pick- ing bruises or any defects whatever. Stemless fruit, skin punctur s or any evi- dence of rough handling shall be consid- ered defects; all spraying effects must be removed. Red varieties must be red all over, of good shape and form, character- istic of the variety. Fancy—All fruit of this grade shall be free of worms, scale, scab, stings, bruises, water core or any evidence of rough handling, with stems intact, and characteristic of the variety; shall be smooth and firm. Varieties in this grade, with the exception of Wine- saps and Missouri Pippins, shall be no smaller than four and one-half tier, and no box shall contain more than 165 apples; Winesaps, Missouri Pippins, Genitons and Jonathans will be accepted as small as five tier if red all over. Each specimen of Winesap, Jonathan or Arkansas Black, Gano, Lawver or Dela- ware Red must represent seventy-five per cent true color. The following varie- ties, Ben Davis, Rome Beauty, Baldwin, Wagner, York Imperial, Northern Spy, Waldbridge, Geniton, Mammoth Black Twig, Blue Pearmain, Hubbardston, Hydes King, King of Tompkins, Rambo, Ruby, Senator, Snow or other red varie- ties will be accepted fifty per cent red. Red Cheeked Pippins must show a red cheek. Choice—All fruit in this grade shall be free of worms, scale, scab and bruises, sound and true to name. No smaller than four and one-half tier pack will be accepted, except that Winesaps, Missour1t Pippins, Genitons and Jon- athans may be accepted as small as five tier. Name of variety, grade and tier of each box of apples shall be plainly stamped on end by grower; variety in upper left hand and tier in upper right hand corner close to top. All export and fancy varieties to be wrapped in duplex paper unless otherwise specified. Bulge of boxes should not be more than one and one-half inches or less than one inch, including both top and _ bottom. Suggestion—Use Washington standard apple box. In the making use eight five- penny cement-coated nails on each side, eight six-penny for the top and same number on the bottom. Use four cleats to each box and nail through cleats only. These grading rules adopted by the Yakima Valley do not disagree mate- ELBERTA Page 45 rially with.the.gradingrules adopted by Hood River. and Wenatchee, and _ it resolves itself into two words, namely: Perfect fruit. I want to take exception to the light and frivolous manner in which the growers of the Yakima Valley treat the words “extra fancy.” During the last season thousands of boxes of apples of different varieties come into our ware- house marked extra fancy, and in a majority of cases they were straight orchard run packed. In varieties like Ben Davis, Baldwins, Mammoth Black Twigs and other kindred varieties we would find apples with the red cheek not larger than a fifty-cent piece, but the grower did not overlook his “extra fancy.” He had the idea that the words Yakima and extra fancy were all that was necessary. Without wishing the apple growers any ill luck, my wish is this: That every grower of apples would be compelled to change his occupation to that of a dealer for a period of two years, and the chances are that from that time he would thereafter be a _ better grower. The growers of the Yakima Valley are falling behind our neighbors of Hood River and Wenatchee in the matter of packing apples. This is an admission that I dislike to make, but it is a fact nevertheless. We have the fruit, but we are shy of growers who know and have a convicition to put up a first class pack, Regarding the differ- ent sizes, they should be confined to three, namely: Three and one-half, four and four and one-half tier, with a pos- sible exception of one or two varieties which could pack five tier. In a three and one-half tier pack we have four different counts, in the four tier six different counts and the four and one- half tier three separate counts. The planting of apple orchards is going on at a very rapid rate, and it behooves the Northwestern apple grower to lay a proper foundation for quality, intrench himself in the markets of the world, fortify himself against competi- tion, and when competition does come he will have established himself so thor- oughly that his position will be unique, but the words “Yakima” and “extra fancy” on his box will not be sufficient; he must have perfect fruit and well packed. Our present style of fruit pack- age seems to be all that it is desired, By Hollan Archibald PEACHES BETTER FRUIT “FANCY PACKED BARRELS but the time has come when the apple growers of the Northwestern states must resort to barrels. This question is an economic one. It 1s not a matter whether we want to or not, we are going to be forced into it. Good authorities agree that the output of apples for the State of Washington for the year of 1920 will be 80,000 cars, that of Ore- 30,000 cars, Idaho 30,000 cars and Mon- tana 10,000 cars, making a grand total of 150,000 cars for these four states. Reducing this estimate to boxes, we will have the grand total of 94,500,000, and taking the estimate of twenty-two and one-half cents per box for packing, it will cost the enormous sum of over $20,- 000,000 to place this fruit in boxes, not including the cost of picking and grad- ing. Remember, nearly all of this grand expenditure must be made wthin sixty days, and I firmly believe a lot of expense and time can be saved by resort- ing to barrels. Figuring upon the basis of twenty-two and one-half cents per box for packing apples after they have been picked and graded it requires three and a quarter boxes to make one stand- ard barrel; this equals seventy-three cents. Now, taking the cost of a coopered barrel of thirty cents, add to this two and one-half cents for placing the first layer in the barrel and two and one-half cents for putting in the head, makes the package cost thirty-five cents. The difference between this and the same amount of apples packed in boxes is thirty-eight cents, or in other words, a grower can pack 140 pounds of apples just thirty-eight cents cheaper in bar- rels than he could in boxes. We esti- mate that the Yakima Valley will have in the year 1920 40,000 cars of apples; reducing this to boxes we have 25,- 200,000, and there could be a saving made of over $3,000,000 by packing these apples in barrels instead of boxes. Allow me to qualify some of the above assertions. Not by any manner of means would it be advisable to pack all of our apples in barrels. The Western box has come to stay; it is known in the market of the world, it has a place there and it will not be displaced, but the bulk of this fruit, or at least seventy- five per cent of it, must go into barrels. The labor problem, if nothing else, will put it there. Anyone conversant with Eastern apple markets will agree with me that the price on Eastern barreled apples has been as high as a like variety from the West packed in boxes, not including some of our extra fancy packs of high grade apples. Allow me to quote part of a letter received from Mr. Rankin of Minneapolis, who bought sixty cars of Yakima apples the past season: “Among the Yakima apples that we bought there were 134 boxes of King of Tompkins which met with slow sale, and I could not get the dealers interested. I went out and secured barrels and repacked those apples in them. It took three and one-fifth boxes to make one barrel, but after barreling them we had no trouble in selling immediately at $5.50 per barrel.” AN EVERY-DAY SCENE ALONG SOUTH WATER STREET, CHICAGO. ONE OF THE BUSIEST FRUIT AND PRODUCE STREETS IN THE WORLD Our apple market in the future must come from the middle classes, and the cheaper we can lay down good fruit the greater the consumption. If we can make a saving in the harvesting expenses, the grower can get the market price for the fruit in bulk, the consumer pays this price plus the cost of the barrel, the freight charges and the middleman’s profit. I have been advised by New York dealers that it 1s not uncommon LADDER MANUFACTURED AND USED BY HOLLAN ARCHIBALD September to see apples hanging on the trees in the morning and at night loaded in cars and on the way to the market, but with our present box system apples sit around in boxes awaiting packers, conse- quently losing to a very great extent the keeping qualities apples should have. It is fair to presume that the Panama canal will be completed in the year 1914, and when this is a reality we will undoubtedly be able to ship a box of apples to Europe for the sum of thirty- five cents, a barrel for about a dollar. With the enormous producing ability that our apple orchards have, the supe- rior fruit that the trees produce, and being contiguous to sea coast, places the Northwestern states in a position to absolutely defy the world, and my pre- diction is that good apple orchards well located, and of good varieties, will enhance in value as the years roll by. © © HE Washington Nursery, Toppen- ish, Washington, is one of the great big nurseries in the Northwest and the testimonials published in the July edition of “Better Fruit” indicate that they have a satisfied list of customers. We note that they do an immense volume of bus- iness, and so far as we have heard, at least, are the first to engage in grow- - ing seedlings. This will be of great interest to the nurserymen who have had to send a long way for their seed- lings, and sometimes suffer delay and other troubles more or less numerous. The Washington Nursery Company are preparing to grow seedlings in an exten- Sive way and everything that can be produced or grown at home means more employment for more people, and that is what we want to help build up the country. © © FAIR DATES OF THE NORTHWEST Oregon State Fair, Salem, September 11-16, Pendleton, Oregon, September 11-16. Walla Walla, Washington, September 18-23. ; Montana State Fair, Helena, Montana, Septem- Se Ps Four-State Fair, Ogden, Utah, September 25. Washington State Fair, North Yakima, Septem- ber 25-30. Nelson, B. C., September 25-30. Dayton, Washington, September 25-30. Annual Douglas County Fair, Roseburg, Oregon, September 26-30. New Westminster, B. C., October 2-7. Interstate Fair, Spokane, Washington, October 2-7. Wendell, Idaho, October 3-5. Annual Fair Valley Fair Association, Puyallup, Washington, October 3-7. Lewiston, Idaho, October 9-14. Lewiston-Clarkston Fair, Lewiston, Idaho, Octo- ber 9. Inter-Mountain Fair, Boise, Idaho, October 9. Boise, Idaho, October 9-14. Annual meeting Oregon Wool Growers’ Associa- tion, Baker, November 14- 15. Fat Stock Show, Lewiston, Idaho, December 12-14. Land Show, St. Paul, December 12-23. © © Editor Better Fruit: I have before me the July issue of “Better Fruit,’ which just came to hand this morning, and to my mind it is the finest and most artis- tically gotten up fruit trade journal that I have ever seen. Your efforts have certainly been rewarded, and you are to be congratulated. It all goes to confirm an opinion that I have long had of you, and that is: You stand alone in your line. I have shown this paper to several of my friends in the trade here and they are all of the same opinion that I am. I would like to have about one dozen copies of this issue to send to some of my largest representatives in the South and Southwest. I think they will prove interest- ing to them. The pictures all through this issue are the most interesting I have ever seen, and the articles so well written. Hoping to see you in Detroit at the convention, I am yours very truly, J. B. Cancelmo, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. TOIT BETTER FRUIT Page 47 WAY FRUIT SHOULD BE HANDLED FOR EXPORTING BY CHAS. E. NOSLER, OF WALLA WALLA, AT WASHINGTON STATE HORTICULTURAL MEETING, WALLA WALLA, WASHINGTON Y subject, “The Way Fruit M Should Be Handled and Packed for Export,” probably calls for a display of fruit here on the platform and a practical demonstration of the way it should be placed in boxes for ship- ment, but I am going to disappoint you in this. I am going to attempt to hold your attention for a few moments by an endeavor to bring before you the desira- bility—the absolute necessity of an appli- cation of the old-fashioned rule of hon- esty in the preparation of your fruit for sale in the outside markets; honesty to your state, honesty to your district, hon- esty to yourself and to your home orchard. Gentlemen, it is not so much a question of whether your apples are put up in the “square” or “diamond” pack; whether your prunes are packed “flat” or “slanting” in the baskets; ARALD Zz. ZZ 2S THIS BAG OF GOLD ‘To Be Awarded For Best Wheat Grown Anywhere In the Two Americas and Exhibited at American Land and Ir- tigation Exposition, New York City, Nov. 3 to 12. Donated by Sir Thom: as G. Shaugnessy, President Cana- dian Pacific Railway. whether your cherries are packed in three straight layers or “faced and filled;” but it is a question of importance, which will go far toward establishing the reputation of the fruit of your sec- tion, whether you have been absolutely honest with your pack, be it diamond or square, slanted or flat, solid or filled. I am here representing two distinct branches of this great business of fruit raising. I am the representative of the Blalock Fruit Co., which has established a name and reputation both as growers and shippers. Today, however, I want to talk to you as a shipper of the fruits and produce of our state. During the past season we have bought and shipped fruit from all parts of Eastern Washing- ton and on down into the neighboring State of Oregon, and our experience has been that one of the most important lessons to be taught the grower today is that of honesty of pack. I do not propose to insult the intelli- gent grower in attendance here by attempting to tell him how to pack his fruit. He already knows how—you all know how it should be done. The ques- tion is: Will you do it as you should? Will you insist that those under you do their work right? Will you be glad instead of sorry to see the pile of culls grow if it be for the betterment of your output? Will you be proud to have your name plainly printed on the end of every box going out of your orchard, or are you just as well pleased to turn the printed ends of your boxes “in” when preparing them for use. In many sec- tions there has been an honest effort made to better the output by taking especial care in its preparation, but in all too many sections the grower seems to think that disposing of his fruit to the middleman or buyer is marketing. It is not! Your fruit is not properly marketed until the consumer away off in the Middle West, in Chicago, Cincinnati or New York has sampled the last apple in your box and pronounced the benedic- tion of “well done.” It is the consumer and not the buyer who gives your fruit its reputation. Do not think that because I am now a resident of Walla Walla I am aiming this paper at the heads of local growers only. I spent the four years before com- ing here with one of the largest com- mission houses in Seattle, and while there handled fruit from every part of the state. The error is common. It seems to be natural to try and get the cull pile into the boxes for shipment. I venture to say that a majority of the fruit growers either sanction or encourage the packers in this common crime of packing of inferior fruit—especially if that fruit be sold in the orchard. I have had men during the past season, men who are members of this association, stand over my packers (where we have sent our own packers into the orchard) and insist upon fruit going into the pack which should have gone to the hogs. This is not true of every grower or of every section, for, I am glad to say, that fruit growers as a whole are beginning to work along broader and better lines. We are told that in one of the celebrated fruit grow- ing sections nearby, where a certain neighbor did not spray. a band of his friends—his friends and friends of the district in which he lived—went to his place in a body and cut down his trees and burned them up. In another section the neighbors took a shipper’s fruit from the station after it had been prepared foi shipment and destroyed it because it was SPLENDID TYPE OF LADDERS USED IN SOUTHERN OREGON FOR PICKING PEARS of a grade that would bring discredit upon the whole district; rather drastic measures, but fully justified by the rule of “the greatest good to the greatest number.” As the country grows older the impor- tance of the safeguarding of the reputa- tion of the district is more appreciated. In Southern California, where citrus fruits and climate is all they have, you will find such care taken with the fruit they ship as to seem almost ridiculous to our Washington friends. An Eastern buyer who was returning from that local- ity was telling me the other day of an incident which illustrates this care very nicely: He was being shown through a great lemon packing house by the super- intendent. From a case of splendid fruit he picked up three lemons and after looking them over laid them back in the box. The superintendent picked them up and threw them into the waste. The buyer expressed surprise. “No,” said the superintendent, “they cannot now be packed as fancy stock. Those Encemont 7 cin eres EDGEMONT PRESS hands of yours are the first naked hands that have ever touched those lemons. They were picked and handled by oper- atives working in gloves. The least scratch of a finger-nail makes them unfit to be packed as our best.’’ Contrast this with the man who “stove-pipes” his potatoes; who coaxes our packers to be more lax in culling his fruit while it is being packed; who turns the worm holes “down” when packing his apples, and then drives away from the ware- house of the buyer chuckling and con- gratulating himself that he “stuck” that buyer, and got one hundred dollars more for his fruit than he would have received had he used reasonable care and pride in his pack. He did not “stick” that buyer, friends, he “stuck’’ himself, and you, and the district, and the state; because that shipment of fruit will tell its own story in the homes of hundreds of customers throughout the locality to which it is shipped. He probably did not hurt the buyer at all, for he knew about what to expect, and when he bought that fruit he did so at a price which would enable him to sell it in Dakota at Dakota prices. You say, “that’s it, you buyers only pay Page 4S Dakota prices for everything,’ but this is not true. I am a buyer and have sat in the councils of the buyers through many and many a session, and I know that itis much more agreeable business for us to be able to buy fancy fruit at fancy prices and sell at fancy prices. True, there are not as pleasant relations existing between grower and middleman as there should be, and I do not doubt but that Mr. Paulhamus or some of the rest of the prominent fruit men of the state could tell cruel stories of the hog- gishness of the commission man; but there are honest commission men, and the way to make more of them and less of the apparently crooked ones is for the grower to treat them honestly. You think we ask a big margin for handling fruit, and under the existing relations with the grower it is probably true. Do you know why? Listen to a sample of messages received from houses to whom we have shipped this season, and ours is the experience of every dealer. Here is a letter from a leading firm from a leading city in Dexas: ~Car 1908 in yards and examined. Fruit not up to representation. Cannot accept unless reduced fifty cents per box.” As we were billing the car out at the really fancy margin of twenty-five cents per box we stood to take and did take a loss. This car was packed and loaded away down between Pendleton and Hood River—now, don’t let your back hair begin to pull, my Hood River friend, for this car did not come from shouting distance of Hood River—it was some little ways this side. Another message from a firm in Dakota to whom we had shipped three cars of apples from some distance north of Walla Walla: “One car your apples at ——, one at ——, and one here subject to your order. Will not pay over seventy-five cents. Only fit for peddlers.” These apples had been sold to that firm at a dollar ten per box and had cost very near the dollar mark. That fellow did not expect very good apples for a dollar and ten cents, but he undoubtedly had a kick coming on the stock furnished us by that grower up north; anyway we finally had to take the six bits and make another red entry in our ledgers. Another car, loaded by some of my friends who are proud of the display they have here today, was shipped to some of our usually square old “Canuck” friends across the border. The message read: “Car in. Not satis- factory. Can handle only for your account.” Well, it was at the end of the line and we had to let that fellow handle it. The invoice called for a total of $660, but his check, when finally received, read for just $400.30. Do you wonder that the buyer has to play reasonably safe? Do you not see that if fruit were brought to us and sold for what it is, either good, bad or indifferent in quality, that we, as middlemen or forwarding agents, would be able to do business along safe lines and on closer margins? This digression is a side issue, but it is a matter which should be taken into consideration by the grower. I only spoke of the buyer to show you how short-sighted it is to try to beat him. BETTER FRUIT You may get the best of him on one car, but he necessarily has to work himself out even by the close of the year. As a matter of fact the grower should look above and beyond the local buyer. He should aim higher and better. The motto of each and every grower should be and is, “Success,” and to attain suc- cess you must put up a grade of fruit for export which will cause the house- wife to go down in the cellar or out into the woodshed and “hunt for the name on the box” before ordering again from her grocer; and the grocer, in turn, to demand not only an apple from the Northwest, but one from Washington; from the Yakima, Wenatchee, Walla Walla or some other particular district; and, best of all, an apple from the orchard of Mr. Honest Fruitgrower, whose name appeared on that box out in the woodshed of that Eastern home, and who by putting up a careful and honest pack did more to favorably advertise our state as a fruit growing section, and did more toward assisting us all in reaching that goal of “success” than all the speech-making and all the printer's ink that has ever been spread. © © © INCOLN COUNTY proposes to hold one of the most up-to-date and progressive county fairs on October 3, 4 and 5, at Wendell, that has ever been held in the State of Idaho. Judg- ing from present indications there will be a large attendance from every pre- cinct in the county, and a splendid dis- play of products assured. The county has set itself to the task of capturing the county sweepstakes at the Inter- Mountain Fair at Boise with samples taken from the display here. Wendell is the heart of the great Twin Falls country, one of the largest sections of irrigated land in the world, and its possi- bilities in agriculture and horticulture lines are unlimited. © © © HE Northern Pacific passenger department has just issued its 1911 folder entitled, “Seeing Yellowstone Park Through Gardiner Gateway.” This is a publication describing the complete park tour with every point of informa- tion which the sight-seer naturally wants. It is profusely illustrated, con- taining a topographical map of the park, with a convenient table of the geysers and other phenomena, a table of dis- tances and altitudes, a schedule of the stage service, description of the hotels and points of interest, with full informa- tion as to cost. Copies may be had by addressing the general passenger agent at St. Paul. oo © Editor Better Fruit: I am in receipt of copy of “Better Fruit’ for July. It seems to me that the only thing that could be more enjoyable than seeing the attrac- tive illustrations and reading the _ interesting articles in ‘“‘Better Fruit,’ would be the eating of some of the most luscious and beautifully colored productions of Oregon soil. I very much appre- ciate your kindness in publishing Mr. Dickey’s article on “See America First,” in ‘‘Better Fruit.” We expect to make the convention a national affair and one of the greatest things that has been pulled off in this country, and we hope that you will honor Baltimore with your presence on that occasion. Tom Richardson spent several weeks with us at the time of starting the Greater Balti- more movement, and it is possible that he instilled a little of his enthusiasm in us. At any rate we have a big committee of big men who are hustling September as they never hustled before to spread the fame of Baltimore and the State of Maryland and greatly develop them commercially, industrially and agriculturally. Very truly yours, Mandel Sener, Baltimore, Maryland. go © Editor Better Fruit: I note with interest your letter of the third that you expect to come to Boston again this year. I look forward to making your acquain- tance, and am confident we can exchange ideas that will be profitable to each of us. I cannot help but appreciate the spirit of caution you use in whatever you publish. This idea meets with my endorsement. My list of shippers is gradually increasing, and truly I know of not one who is dissatisfied. Possibly a little later in the season conditions will be such that I may further use your advertising space. Very truly yours, O. E. Spooner, Boston, Massachusetts. ‘ © ¢ & Editor Better Fruit: We have received the two copies of ‘Better Fruit’? this month, which is certainly one of the finest editions you have gotten out and is very interesting to the commission men in general. We also appreciate the nice work that you have done on the photograph that we sent you. We all read the paper with interest upon its arrival each month and we congratulate you on the appearance as well as the contents of your magazine, which is of value to the grower, the shipper and also the receiver of fruits. Wishing you much success, we remain, yours very truly, O. W. Butts, Omaha, Nebraska. A. FE. STELE WEE President K. C., M. & O. Railway, who donates a $1,000-cup for best potatoes exhibited at New York Land Show next November Editor Better Fruit: I had the pleasure last evening of looking through a copy of your July number. I found it at our Commercial Club rooms. In my opinion it was a splendid publication and one in every sense worth while. ‘‘Better Fruit’ is edited with enterprise and sanity; more than that, its utter- ances have the true ring of honesty and intelli- gence. In this age of wild promotion, get-rich- quick schemes and bombast I like such publica- tions as “Better Fruit,” that stick to the truth. More power to your publication. Yours truly, Up-to-the Times Magazine, R. C. MacLeod, Editor and Manager, Walla Walla, Washington. o©¢ © Editor Better Fruit: The July number is very fine, and I believe the subject could stand more than one special num- ber. Yours is the best fruit paper, and I wish to congratulate you for your brilliant success. Could you send me a few sample copies that I may exhibit them at our fair, and if possible take subscriptions for you? The fruit idea is spread- ing in this section also, and I would like to intro- duce your paper here. Write me your terms. Yours very truly, D. E. Sivamarc, Chatham, New York. © ¢ © Editor Better Fruit: While in Bitter Root Valley, Montana, this sum- mer I was asking some of the fellows to tell me which they considered the best paper on fruit in the West. They seemed to be almost unanimous on “Better Fruit.’ Please send me a couple of copies and place me on your mailing list. I will remit for one year upon receipt of statement. Yours truly, George R. Baker, Tomahawk, Wiscon- sin, August 21. IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 49 THE SUCCESSFUL PALMER BUCKET IN OPERATION Durable RELEASE Complete all the time. Noth- ing to get out of order, or break. No repairs or buy- ing of new parts. Useful for years. PARTLY OPENED easily operated Cannot pick up twigs, spurs or stems. Nocan- vas or strings. THE START Send $1.50 to the Palmer Bucket Com- pany, of Hood River, Oregon, for trial bucket. Your money is returned if you are not satisfied RELEASED Practical for apples, pears, peaches, plums, prunes, cherries, tomatoes, and all other tree fruits or bush vegetables. EMPTIED Palmer Bucket Co.,Hood River,Oregon FOR LIST OF AGENTS SEE PAGE 60 WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 50 BETTER FRUIT September As “$terling” IVE is; ROVSTHENAR QOVP R A Pedigree NV Is TO FRUIG GRenS) ORs E The trees from which this nursery stock was propagated won the. Grand Sweepstakes and many other important prizes last year. We have a life history of every tree from which our nursery stock is propagated, thereby insuring to the young trees the best qualities of the old YOUR SUCCESS OR FAILURE with an orchard depends on the trees you plant. Don’t forget for a moment that the whole future of your WILL YO venture depends on this point. Unless the foundation is right the bearing trees cannot be successful. Not URE UP only must the trees be good trees—healthy, vigorous, disease-resistant trees—but you must have all the as- surance possible that they will be heavy and annual bearers, for it is the history of all human endeavor that suc- cess is attained through the production of BEST QUALITY in GREATEST QUANTITY at LOWEST COST. The greater the production of your orchard of best quality—the lower the cost of production and the greater the profits. NOT WI PEDIGREED FRUIT TREES KNO In no other way can the art of the nurseryman insure these qualities to you than by breeding or propa- PED gating his stock from trees that have thoroughly proven all of these qualities. From the highest-earning trees of the world famous Hood River Valley, trees whose ancestry can be traced back generation after gen- eration of high production, vigorous, sturdy, early-maturing trees are all of the stock of THE HOOD RIVER STANDARD NURSERY COMPANY grown. They are THOROUGHBRED, PEDIGREED fruit tiees. They are trees of a KNOWN QUALITY. EASTERN OFFICE BALTIMORE, MARYLAND H O O D RI V Ki R S F AN D A No. 401 Continental Building WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 007 BETTER FRUIT Page 51 : ALITY TANDA p es WITH 12. UANTITY will determine the successtul MP AN : orchards of the future A block of budded yearling apple trees in our nursery on August 1, 1911. Note their healthy, vigorous; THOROUGHBRED appearance. The man is showing the strong, four-months’ growth of a PEDIGREED orchard tree in its second year of growth FALL PLANTING D MEAS- The great horticultural authorities are now all advising it—providing your local conditions will permit. IARKETS It allows the earth to become firm and compact around the roots and the roots to start feeders all during the winter—thereby insuring an earlier start in the spring and a more vigorous growth. At all events ORDER YOUR TREES THIS FALL—you will get the pick of the nursery and avoid the experience of the past few years when it was practically impossible to get good trees in the spring. EES OF Py — A WARNING ; EES Do that now. Don’t be obliged to plant an inferior grade next spring. In the past few years our stocks have been practically all sold out before the spring planting started. ACT NOW! get out of that “tomorrow | class” and get into that “right-at-this-minute class.” Drop us a postal for our handsome illustrated catalogue— a book of helpful information and some startling facts. It is free. Sit down right now—write us what you want to plant—and we will give you our latest wholesale prices. NURSERY COMPANY #°° RIVER, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 52 BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON OFFICIAL ORGAN OF Tue Nortiwest Fruit Growers’ ASSOCIATION A Montuty ILtustraAtep MAGAZINE PUBLISHED IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN Fruit GRowiInG AND MARKETING Att CoMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED AND REMITTANCES MADE PAYABLE TO Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEPARD EpiTor AND PUBLISHER Van Deman, Contributing Editor State AssociATE EDITORS OREGON A. B. Corpiey, Entomologist, Corvallis C. I. Lewis, Horticulturist, Corvallis P. J. O'Gara, Pathologist and Entomologist, Medford WASHINGTON A. L. Meranper, Entomologist, Pullman COLORADO C. P. Gititette, Director and Entomologist, Fort Collins E. B. Houser, Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering, State Agricultural College, Fort Collins E. P. Tayior, Horticulturist, Grand Junction IDAHO W. H. Wicks, Horticulturist, Moscow W. S. Tuornser, Horticulturist, Lewiston lel, 18, UTAH Dr. E. D. Baty, Director and Entomologist, Logan Leon D. BatcHeE or, Horticulturist, Logan MONTANA O. B. Wuippte, Horticulturist, Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W. Woopwortu, Entomologist, Berkeley W. H. Vorcx, Entomologist, Watsonville BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Winstow, Provincial Horticulturist, Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 PER YEAR In ADVANCE, IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA ForEIGN Susscriptions, /ncluding Postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27, 1906, at the Post Office at Hood River, Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. We reprint below the first editorial as it appeared in Volume 1, No. 1 of “Bet- ter Fruit”: ELLOW FRUIT GROWERS: In presenting this, the first number of “Better Fruit” to you for your inspection and criticism, we take this opportunity to explain the field the publishers are expecting to cover with “Better Fruit.” Fruit growers everywhere see the neces- sity of producing better fruit, and also the necessity of adopting better methods in packing and placing their fruit’on the market. It is the aim of the publishers to cover every part of the fruit industry in all its branches from the growing of the nursery stock to the placing of the fruit in the hands of the retailer, thor- oughly, with articles written by men who are successful in their respective lines, and right here we wish to say that “Better Fruit” is open to any contributor who wants to use-its columns for articles that are for the betterment in any branch of the growing and marketing of fruit. We would also be glad to receive sug- gestions in what way “Better Fruit” could be improved, so as to be able to serve its readers to the greatest satis- faction. In order to make articles more instructive, we will run beautiful half- tones throughout the magazine. “Better Fruit” will be a work of art, printed on calendered paper, instructive to fruit growers, an attraction on every library table and its beautiful illustrations and interesting articles of what is being done BETTER FRUIT in the marvelous West will make it an interesting magazine to send to your friends and relatives in the East. [Editor's Note—We have never devi- ated from our original aim. Continued success, increasing from month to month and from year to year, is positive evi- dence that “Better Fruit’ was not only founded on the right kind of a basis, but that it has been conducted in a way that has met with unusual appreciation, and today we do not hesitate to make this bold statement without fear of contradic- tion: “Better Fruit” is the best, the handsomest and the most practical fruit growers’ paper published in the world.] ORONO) O ADVERTISERS.— “Better Fruit” is now in its sixth year, having pub- lished sixty-three monthly editions. In looking over the first copy of “Better Fruit” ever published we find it con- tained fifty-five advertisers; nine of these have gone out of business or sold out, which leaves forty-four of these firms still in business. There are twenty-six of the firms who advertised in the first issue of “Better Fruit” who have adver- tised in every edition since the start. In other words, over fifty-nine per cent of September the firms who advertised in the first edi- tion of “Better Fruit” have advertised in every edition since, or for sixty-three consecutive issues. We consider this a remarkable illustration of the stability of “Better Fruit” advertisers, and a very convincing proof of “Better Fruit’ as an advertising medium. The significance of this will impress itself upon the readers when we make this statement: A few weeks ago one of the largest publications in America, with a circulation of some 600,000 copies, came out in a full page ad with the statement that one adver- tiser had continued in every issue of their paper for sixty consecutive monthly editions. © © UR GROWTH.—The first edition of “Better Fruit” contained twenty-_ four pages and 4,000 copies were printed, making a total of 96,000 pages issued. This current edition consists of 14,500 copies of one hundred pages each, mak- ing a total of 1,450,000 pages in this edi- tion. In other words, the present edition of “Better Fruit” prints fifteen times as many pages as the first edition. Quite a growth, which is a pretty good substan- tial growth in five years. BIG SHOWS FOR OCTOBER, NOVEMBER, DECEMBER ATSONVILLE APPLE ANNU= AL will be another surprise for the year 1911, and the advance notices state that this show will be a “Corker.” The dates of this show are October 9-14 at Watsonville, California. There will probably be an exhibition at this show of some fifteen to twenty carloads. Califor- nia is noted for making original and attractive displays of its fruits. For fur- ther particulars and prize list address the Watsonville Apple Annual, Watsonville, California. HE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL DRY FARMING CONGRESS and International Exposition of Dry Farmed Products will be held in Colorado Springs October 16 to 20. The “Official Call” includes this remark: “Better agri- culture is the hope of the world and a necessity for every individual farmer,” and it will be the object of this congress to assist everybody in every way possible who engage in dry farming. For further particulars write John T. Burns, P. O. Box 1098, Colorado Springs, Colorado. HE AMERICAN LAND AND IRRIGATION EXPOSITION of New York, after hearing of all the other expositions throughout the country, has finally decided to come through and hold an American Land and Irrigation Expo- sition in Madison Square Garden, New York City, November 3 to 12. Some idea of the wonderful show, New York, the metropolis of the United States, will hold, can be formed in advance by some of the trophies, which are already announced. Howard Elliott, president of the North- ern Pacific Railroad, offers $500 in $20 gold pieces for the best display of apples; President Earling of the Chicago, Mil- waukee, St. Paul & Puget Sound Rail- way, has donated a $1,000 cup for the best display of oats; James J. Hill and Louis W. Hill, of the Great Northern, have donated a $1,000 wheat trophy; Col. Robert M. Thompson donated a $1,000 cotton trophy; Sir Thomas G. Shaugh- nessy, president of the Canadian Pacific, is a donor of a $1,000 wheat trophy. Undoubtedly this will be one of the most wonderful exhibitions ever held in the United States. Further information can be obtained by addressing the American Land and Irrigation Exposition, 26th floor Singer Building, New York City. HE INDIANA APPLE SHOW.— The Hoosier State is coming through and going to do a stunt in the apple busi- ness, also, by holding the Indiana Apple Show at Indianapolis, Indiana, Novem- ber 6 to 11. An unusually large list of attractive premiums is being offered and further particulars can be obtained from H. E. Barnard, superintendent of the Indiana Apple Show, Indianapolis, Indiana. HE AMERICAN APPLE EXPO- SITION will be held im Denver November 12-18. This will be another one of the big shows in the country for this year. A fine list of prizes is being offered, and every inducement is being made to encourage the apple growers throughout the country to exhibit. Fur- ther particulars can be secured from C. L. Oliver, secretary, 201 Chamber of Commerce Building, Denver, Colorado. HE OREGON STATE HORTI- CULTURAL SOCIETY will hold its twenty-sixth annual meeting in Port- land November 15-17, and in connection with this meeting they intend to pull off the biggest apple show which has ever Continued on page 55 TOLI . BETTER FRUIT Page 53 The Fruit Marketing Question Solved Numerous articles have been published recently covering the matter of a suitable solution of the important ques- tion of properly marketing the rapidly increasing fruit crop. Many ideas have been advanced which theoretically appeared feasible, but practical demonstration has proven that the real solution of this problem is to place the fruit in the hands of thoroughly equipped marketing experts who make a specialty of this feature of the fruit industry. We have conducted a car lot distributing business for the past number of years, and by honest dealing, coupled with good judgment, have made a success. This season we are even better equipped, having added to our staff several fruit salesmen whose ability cannot be questioned, and we are now in position to offer to growers and shippers a fruit marketing agency second to none. One of the largest new accounts which we have obtained this year is that of the Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, of Grand Junction, Colorado. This association is the most successful growers’ organization in the country today, and they have been doing their own marketing for the past fifteen years, but they realized that better results were possible by turning this part of the business to a reliable marketing agency, thus giving their manage- ment opportunity to confine their efforts to the matter of grading, packing, loading and shipping the fruit. It was natural that they should select the very best agency doing business today, and a contract was signed with Denney & Co. of Chicago. We will have a thoroughly equipped office located in Omaha, Nebraska. in charge of Mr. H. G. Fletcher, ex-assistant manager and general Eastern agent of the Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, covering the territory west of the Mississippi River and the South. Our general office, located in Chicago, in charge of Mr. John Denney, whose ability as a fruit distributer is well known, together with competent representatives located in all of the principal markets, giving us the opportunity of taking advantage of the very best markets at all times, we are in position to offer shippers and growers the very best service that marketing science can produce. We invite investi- gation as to our ability and integrity and solicit correspondence as to our manner of doing business and terms. DENNY & CO. fOguSouth Water Street CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Water Supply Troubles Unknown to the Owner You can enjoy. through the ownership of a LEADER WATER SYSTEM, the same water supply conveniences which are so much appreciated by city folks. And you may have them to even a greater extent, since there are no restrictions to bother the owner of a LEADER SYSTEM. You can have your bath, your sanitary toilets, all the water you want for domestic and sprinkling purposes. A LEADER WATER SYSTEM of suitable size will supply you with all the water you want under almost any pressure you want. Leader Tanks are tested to a pressure of 125 pounds. It is the system which is sanitary, satisfactory and sure. It costs little to operate and is practically troubleless. Write for our book, “THE QUESTION OF WATER,” and folder showing homes in which the Leader Water System is furnishing satisfactory water service and opinions of users. Mention “Better Fruit.” FULL LINE OF F ; - : Portland, Orego Pumps, Gasoline Engines, Wind Mills Spokane, Washington Implements and Vehicles Boise, Idaho WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 54 BETTER FRUIT September HOOD RIVER COMMERCIAL CLUB OF HOOD RIVER, OREGON Respectfully requests each and every person interested in Hood River, or who may have friends interested, to request their individual grocers or fruit handlers to have on sale during the apple season the famous Spitzen- bergs, Yellow Newtowns, Ortleys and Jonathans grown at Hood River. We request this because we want you to help us get the apples before a dis- criminating public so as to convince them of their superiority by a prac- tical test. You are further requested to do this at once so as to insure your grocer placing his order in time to secure a supply in advance before they are all sold, so that he will have Hood River apples on hand when you want them. Hood River Commercial Club Secretary. IQIT BETTER FRUIT Page n on THE ONLY ONE Continued from page 52 been given in the State of Oregon. A fine list of prizes will be given and fur- ther information may be secured from Frank W. Power, secretary, 308 Spald- ing Building, Portland, Oregon. HE UNITED STATES LAND AND IRRIGATION EXPOSI- TION.—This exposition was founded in the year 1909 by The Chicago Tribune. Exhibitions were made from nearly all sections of the United States. The Ore- eon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company, the Great Northern, Northern Pacific, Southern Pacific, the Union Pacific, Missouri Pacific & Iron Moun- tain Railroad, Santa Fe, etc., all spent large sums of money in making immense Members of the International Apple Shippers Association We use Revised Economy Code The F. J. Pomeroy Co. 84 DETROIT ST. Milwaukee, Wis. Branch at Medina, N. Y. RECEIVERS AND DISTRIBUTORS Apples, Fruits, Potatoes Melons and Cabbage Provisions and Grain CAR LOTS A SPECIALTY We handle 200 carloads of Apples and better per Season Odell, the Bee Wizard Balloon Races LeSTRANGE & HUNTER Six Races Every Day The Northwest’s Best Cattle The Best Show in the Northwest this Year. For Entry Blanks, Information, Space, etc., Address JNO. W. PACE, Secretary, North Yakima, Washington North Yakima, September 25 to 30, IgII $30,000.00 in Premiums, Purses and Attractions Ferrulo’s Great Band The Real Wild West FIFTY-TWO PIECES EVERY DEPARTMENT COMPLETE exhibits of the products and resources of the country tributary to their lines. In addition to this, there were many state and district exhibits from all over the country. The third annual show will be held at the Coliseum, Chicago, I[lli- nois, November 18 to December 9. It goes without saying that this will be a wonderful exhibition of the resources of the entire United States. We regret that in this issue Our space is somewhat lim- ited, and for this reason we are unable to give more complete details. However, these may be obtained by addressing R. P. Cross, 407 Commercial National Bank Building, Chicago, Illinois. HE NATIONAL APPLE SHOW AT SPOKANE.—The directors have given the matter of location for the Fourth Annual National Apple Show very serious consideration. After having taken a large part of the Third National Apple Show to Chicago for exhibition last year it was decided to hald the Fourth Annual National Apple Show at Spokane this year as usual. Most of the fruit growers of the Northwest are familiar with the wonderful show Spo- kane has pulled off, and it goes without saying that the Fourth National Apple Show of Spokane will again be a suc- cess, as it has been every year in the past. The dates of the show are Novem- ber 23 to 30, and, briefly, the objects for which this show is held can be stated as follows: To encourage the growing of high class commercial apples; to adver- tise the apple as the most healthful food; BY BURNSTAD’S COWBOYS Big Fruit Show A Horse Show Reduced Rates on All Railroads to give annual competitive exhibitions; to extend the apple trade in domestic and foreign markets. We are glad to hear that Spokane will again hold the show as usual and wish this show every success. ORTHWESTERN LAND PROD- UCTS SHOW will be held in St. Paul December 12 to 23 inclusive, in the St. Paul Auditorium. This will be a grand exposition and of interest to the great Northwestern territory from Min- nesota to the Pacific ocean. Further particulars can be secured by addressing Will A. Campbell, secretary, St. Paul, Minnesota. HE NINETEENTH NATIONAL IRRIGATION CONGRESS will be held in Chicago December 5-9. Real important matters will come up for dis- cussion at this meeting. Further par- ticulars may be obtained by addressing the secretary, 214 Hotel La Salle, Chi- cago, Illinois. © Editor Better Fruit: The July edition has just arrived. I cannot speak too highly for same. You deserve great credit for this edition as a whole. Yours truly, O. E. Spooner, Boston, Massachusetts. Editor Better Frut: We have just received the July edition of “Better Fruit,’ and in our humble opinion it is one of the best numbers you have yet issued... We feel assured that the information relative to various commission houses will be appreciated by those commission houses that subscribe to the paper. We shall certainly use our best efforts in recommending it to our commission friends. Yours -very truly, Minnesota Fruit Co., A. W. Worley, Manager, Duluth, Minnesota. Page 56 BETTER FRUIT September AUCTIONING OF APPLES—DESCRIBED BY EXPERT HE diversity of opinion prevailing among fruit dealers as to the part which auction sales play in the marketing of apples and their influence upon the Northwestern industry lend additional interest to the address deliv- ered by John Denney of Chicago at the recent convention of the International Apple Shippers’ Association in Detroit. Mr. Denney’s subject was “The Auction for Apples.” What he said follows: “T suppose this subject has been assigned to me for the reason that we have sold considerable quantities of box apples by this method, and possibly I may be expected to defend this method of handling fruit. I will only attempt to give you some of the points in its favor, and also some to the contrary. I do not pretend to try to convince you that this is a panacea for all the evils to which the apple man is heir, any more than I would recommend paregoric for all the human ailments, both of which are undoubtedly very good in their way, when used in the proper doses and with proper judgment. “Disposing of box apples by the auc- tion method is comparatively new. It is probably used on the Chicago market more than on any other. The most of you are undoubtedly aware of the man- ner in which fruit is sold at auction, but to those of you who have not attended auction sales of this kind a word of explanation might be in order. “The fruit is unloaded in a large, dis- play room, where several cars of other fruits are shown at the same time. Each variety, mark and gerade is assorted sep- arately, placed under a separate lot number, and a memorandum catalogue furnished to every prospective buyer, stating the number of boxes, variety and grade under each of the various lot num- bers. When examining the fruit, the buyer marks on this catalogue his inspec- tion of the quality, color, packing, grad- ing and the value in his opinion of every lot in the car in which he expects to purchase, and all cars in the entire sale are marked in the same manner by the buyer. “No representation is made or guaran- tee as to the quality, condition or grade of the fruit, every buyer having the privilege of examining as many packages as he may desire, and it is sold strictly as it is; no rebate or allowance is given or expected by any buyer should the lot or lots that he purchased turn out differ- ently than he expected. The buyers, after thoroughly examining the offerings, take their memorandum catalogues and go to the auction room. Sales usually start about 9 a. m., fruit being open for display from 4 a. m. “The auctioneer then asks for bids for the choice of any line in the particular car that is being sold, and when the bid is knocked down to the buyer he has the privilege of selecting any line or lines offered or every line in the car. After the buyer who has secured the first choice takes the line or lines he desires, the auctioneer again asks for bids for the choice of what remains of the car, and so From the Fruit Trade Journal and Produce Record on until the entire car has been sold, unless it is a car of the same variety and mark. It is rarely that the second or third choice brings as much as the first, as naturally the buyer selects what he considers the best mark in the car. “Theoretically, we know of no better way by which the full value of an article can be secured than by selling at auction, where selling in this manner has already been established’ and where the auction is attended by a large number of buyers of the particular fruit offered, as no one who desires to buy fruit will allow his neighbor to purchase it for less than he considers its value. “Western box apples are a compara- tively. new fruit, and when they first came on the markets nearly all of them were of extremely high grade, very de- sirable varieties, and brought extreme prices, and were received in limited quantities. Only the very highest class of trade were able to handle them, and the quantity offered was not sufficient to supply the demand, and for a long time the medium class of trade consid- ered that box apples were out of their reach and would rarely ever inquire the price. “T have occasionally seen times when there was an oversupply of box apples of certain varieties, and these apples were repacked in barrels and sold for more money in a barrel than they would bring in a box, simply for the reason that it was almost impossible to convince the medium class trade that they could afford to buy box apples. “In some of the Northwestern dis- tricts, where the growers were not fully familiar with the requirements of the box apple trade, varieties of apples were set out that were not suitable to box trade, and were of such varieties that when these points began making shipments their cars would contain almost every known variety of apples grown anywhere in the country, and almost of every grade handled. We found it nearly impossible to sell cars of this kind and secure their value. “Nearly every fruit house, wholesaler or retailer, must specialize on some grade in order to hold his trade, some houses catering to the very highest, some to the medium, and some to the cheaper class of trade; and cars that contained the requirements of each of these three were very hard to dispose of to advantage, and it was principally for this reason that we followed this manner of dispos- ing of some of our receipts. “Unfortunately, many growers and shippers do not have full confidence in the integrity of houses which handle fruit on consignment basis, and they are most apt to question the integrity if the consignment happens to sell at any extremely low price at private sale. I am glad to say at this time that this suspicion 1s, in my opinion, entirely unfounded with regard to any reliable or legitimate dealer. As the auction com- pany furnishes an official price realized catalogue to be sent to the shipper, this of course eliminates any complaint from this score or for this reason when sold at auction. “When box apples were first offered at auction, only very limited quantities were placed on sale. Some buyers in attendance on these sales had handled them for a long time, while others had never sold them. They bought a few at a time, found that they could sell them to advantage, and gradually increased their purchases, and as their purchases increased they of course necessarily had to find new outlets, and a larger number of concerns were pushing the sale of box apples, which tended to increase their popularity. “As the Northwestern crop increased, it has been necessary to proportionately increase the demand, and we know of no means that has been used that has operated in this way to a greater extent than the auction method. A customer who once starts to use box apples rarely discontinues the handling of them. For one reason, the deceptive packing of box apples is practically unknown. By that we mean that you never find a box of apples with a nice face and after you get down into it a lot of apples hardly fit for cider. The box apple grower realizes the necessity of giving the buyer what he expects or what he should. “In the last three years, I feel safe in saying, the consumption of box apples on the Chicago market has increased 500 per cent. Some of our friends criticise this method of selling, for the reason, as they claim, that the box apple market is demoralized early in the season by the heavy offerings at auction of inferior box fruit. I believe that instead of being a detriment to the high class box fruit, it is beneficial, for the reason that these inferior grades are produced and must be sold to some one, and there is no way in which they can be placed in consump- tion in a quicker or better manner. “Tf this inferior grade was sold at pri- vate sale, the dealers and growers would place large quantities of fruit in cold storage that would not be suitable for this purpose, and would later on be forced into the market, which would tend to make a demoralized market the entire season through. Now, an inferior grade of box apples does not mean the same as an inferior grade of barrel apples, as the lower grades of the boxes are almost if not as good as the better grades of barrel stock, and, considering their actual value, the box apples of inferior grade usually bring more than the same grade and variety in barrels. “In my opinion, one of the most serious criticisms against the auction method is that it tends to take business from the hands of the regular fruit house and turn the business toward the hucks- ters, who are buyers to some extent in all fruit auction sales. From my exper- ience I cannot see where there is any- thing serious to fear from this, as I believe the huckster will increase the demand more than the amount that he TOIT will buy, and instead of being a detri- ment is really an advantage to the job- bing house. “There is a certain tendency of the time to draw the producer and consumer as near together as possible. The idea is a very good one, and every middle-man between these two ends should be elimi- nated as much as conditions warrant. It is manifestly impossible for Mr. Jones, the consumer, when he wants a peck, a box or a barrel of apples, to go to Mr. Smith, the producer, in New York or _Washington or some other state, to buy this fruit direct, and the middle-man will be required in the handling and distrib- uting as long as apples are grown. The fruit dealer is as much a part of the producer as the man who actually owns the orchard, for the reason that the apples at producing point have practi- cally no value until they are placed in the hands of the consumer. Both the dealer and the grower are absolutely necessary, and are really partners in the entire transaction. “There has been a feeling in the past of antagonism or opposition between the dealers and growers that is entirely out of place. The buyers attempt to make the crop look large and convince the grower that he should accept low prices, the grower of course taking the opposite position. If the dealer buys the coming crop of apples for less than its value, it will only reflect on him the year follow- ing, as the grower will feel that he has not been treated justly and will endeavor to get back at the dealer and try and secure extreme prices on the next crop, which is no more than reasonable to expect. “Tf the buyer should buy the fruit for less than its actual value, he only tends to weaken the grower and does not per- mit him to produce the grade that he would had he received full value for his crop. On the other hand, if the grower should accept or should insist and finally make buyers pay more for the crop than it was worth, the buyers thereby entail- ing heavy losses, as a consequence they would necessarily be forced to accept a lower price the year following than the law of supply and demand would justify, the grower suffering thereby on account of lack of competition the following sea- son. We must realize that the dealers and growers are both partners in the production, each absolutely necessary to the other, and it is as necessary for them to deal equitably with one another as it is for two partners in any other business concern. “Every business man recognizes the fact that if he desires to be successful he must deal honestly, fairly and equitably with the customer to whom he sells; but it is to be regretted that this idea is not always in mind when the dealet pur- chases from the grower. Very few of us would willingly overcharge any of our customers in their purchases from us, but all of us are willing to buy from the grower at the lowest prices at which we can secure his products, regardless of their value; and, under the circumstances, how can we expect that the grower will not or should not endeavor to get from BETTER FRUIT us every cent he can, and use every scheme possible to do so, for the article which he is selling, regardless of its value. When the time ¢omes when the dealer and grower will endeavor to meet one another in a spirit of justness and fairness, our business will be much more pleasant and profitable than at present. “Tf it were possible to select a commit- tee from among the buyers and growers who had canvassed all apple-producing sections carefully, and they should rec- ommend an average price at which the crop should be sold, that would be recog- nized and accepted by both buyers and growers as a fair basis on which to trade, I feel confident that it would mean mil- lions of dollars in benefit to the growers and dealers. “Any season that the buyer is forced to pay more for the crop than its actual value, he suffers heavy losses, and it may be years before some of us fully recover, or any season that the buyers secure the fruit for considerably less than the value, Page 57 the grower is unable to carry out his business arrangements and improve- ments in his production that he other- wise would, the advancement in the pro- duction suffering to greater extent, and thereby injuring both grower and dealer. In other words, each of us is killing the goose that lays the golden egg. I am only in hopes that the coming year, and every year thereafter, will be such that the growers will receive and the buyers purchase at a fair and equitable price.” Editor's Note: This article is full of much information that will not only prove interesting but very valuable to fruit growers in general, and we regret that it takes up all the space that is left in “Better Fruit” before going to press, for the editor would like to review this article, as many thoughts expressed in it are similar to his own. It is our inten- tion to write a review of this article for the next issue, not in the nature of a criticism, but in appreciation of the good ideas expressed for a square deal. NINETEENTH NATIONAL IRRIGATION CONGRESS BY R. INSINGER, CHAIRMAN BOARD OF GOVERNORS NQUESTIONABLY the most im- portant and beneficial work the Western delegates could do at the sessions of the Nineteenth National Irrigation Congress in Chicago, Decem- ber 5 to 9, would be to direct their efforts in a movement with a view toward dis- abusing the minds of Eastern investors of the erroneous and harmful impression that irrigation in general is in a pre- carious condition. As a matter of fact there is no record of a single failure of a reclamation project anywhere in the Western country where soil and water conditions and engineering requirements and financial responsibility have been considered properly, and it might be mentioned that as a business proposition this development challenges comparison for permanency, stability and adequate returns on the investment with any industrial enterprise in the United States or elsewhere. Irrigation, whether by private project or governmental works, needs no defense at my hands; nor do I hold a brief for either interest. Its economic value has been thoroughly established in most of the Western states, where populous and progressive cities and towns have been built, prosperous and attractive inter- urban communities have been settled, and millions of acres of productive orchards and fertile fields have replaced the sagebrush and desert wastes and once timbered wilds since its introduc- tion on an extensive scale less than twenty years ago. The average irrigated farm is small as compared with the land holdings in the Eastern, Central and Southern states, but the yields are prolific beyond com- parison. Orcharding, as well as general farming, has been placed upon a business basis and the most modern methods of practical, scientific knowledge in the planting, cultivating, harvesting and marketing of crops are employed. This development is going forward in a liberal yet unspeculative way, with the result that the wide expanses of land once so unpromising as to evoke derision are being transformed into beautiful garden spots and peopled with thrifty and ear- nest men and women, whose optimism is justified fully by the measure of what they have accomplished. Heads of federal and state engineering departments say in their reports that there are more than 200,000,000 acres of undeveloped arable lands in the United States proper west of the ninety-eighth meridian, and men versed in agriculture assert that under proper cultivation this area would produce annually between 4,000,000,000 and 4,500,000,000 bushels of wheat, or other crops in proportion. This would mean homes for not less than 20,000,000 population and a source of added food supply, and as a conse- quence permanent prosperity. Not more than five per cent of the 253,894,760 acres of land in the four Northwestern states is occupied by farms, and the total population in the area of 397,700 square miles was 2,516,- 402, according to the 1910 census, appor- tioned as follows: Washington, 1,140,- 990; Oregon, 672,765; Montana, 376,053: Idaho, 325,594. Fully 50,000,000 acres of this land is adapted to intensive cultiva- tion. Seeded to alfalfa, grown under irrigation, the yield would be a matter of from 200,000,000 to 250,000,000 tons of hay, or if planted to sugar beets the annual output would be from 550,000,000 to 600,000,000 tons, either crop approach- ing a money value of from one-tenth to one-ninth of all the farm crops produced in the United States last year. Set to apple trees the minimum yield at matur- ity of this vast acreage would be from 18,000,000,000 to 20,000,000,000 boxes (bushels), or more than 225 times the total crop of 1910, when it is estimated about 24,000,000 barrels of commercial fruit was harvested. While I do not think the time ever will come when such enormous agricultural and horticultural operations are fully Page 58 realized, I make use of these figures to show the possibilities of the country, incidentally pointing to the fact that as gold was the magnet which attracted the first American across the continent to the Californian coast in 1849 so the apple is largely responsible for the settlement of thousands in the great orchard belts of the Northwest. With the opening of new districts. increased transportation facilities and the steady influx of home-makers, the early attempts in the valleys and uplands have become more pretentious and systematic. Irrigation plants have been established by private individuals and corporations, and the United States government is expending enormous sums in reclaiming the volcanic wastes, which are so won- derfully rich and fertile and so peculiarly adapted to raising exquisitely flavored fruits, unblemished and perfect in size and color. Regarding possible overproduction in the Northwest I may say that the demand is growing greater every day, not only throughout America, but in Europe, Australia and the Orient. Although population and the domestic demand for these fruits has increased and exports continually augmented, strangely enough the production of the apple in the United States has steadily decreased. The apple crop for 1910, reported to be about 24,000,000 barrels, for example, was only slightly in excess of one-third of that for the years 1896 and 1900, and much less than the crop for 1905, when the production reached a low figure. The fact that the produc- tion in the United States has averaged below 30,000,000 barrels in four of the last five years alone should dispel any thought of overproduction. Economists have warned the people repeatedly during the last quarter cen- tury of the failure to make the sources of food supplies keep pace with the increases in population. They have warned against the menace of congestion in the larger cities, also, however, expressing the belief that the crisis toward which the world’s food problem is leading may be averted by increasing the productive capacity of the land or by extending the agricultural area. Advocates of irrigation now come to the fore with proof that modern tillage has greatly increased the acre production as well as the productive area, also showing Dore-Redpath Company Wholesale Fruits, Vegetables and Produce Peaches, Pears and Box Apples Our Specialty Get acquainted with us St. Paul, Minnesota WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT that dividend-paying farms and orchards mark the sites of former barren deserts. The trend of population has been turned from urban to rural life to an appreciable extent during the last few years and immigration experts show by the establishment of prosperous towns and productive farms in Washington, Idaho, Oregon, Montana and _ other states in the semi-humid West that never in history has there been such a widespread movement of homeseekers. Most of the early settlers in the Western country invaded unoccupied lands, as others are doing today, and their suc- ceses are cited as proof that these irri- gated acres have been made highly pro- ductive by the practice of the principles of modern agriculture. Indications point to the fact that the day of the large farm is passing. The man who is “land poor’ never does quite so well as if he had what he could handle wisely and to the best advantage. Better would it be that he have ten, twenty or forty acres well tilled than from 160 to 1,000 acres, of which more than half is running to waste and calling for an annual outlay for taxes and other expenditures. Large farms have been and still. are the rule in the Northwest, but even here the tendency is toward a division of land among more men. This idea will pre- vail more and more as the country fills up. It will mean better farming. We have many examples of the improve- ments that come about from smaller farms, which really produce more now than when the country was new. September Intensive culture is making them better GQyeay wee, Was Soogler whe iain (within proper bounds, of course) the more study and labor the farmer can devote to his crops, with the unques- tioned expectation that better yields will be harvested. The time for idle land is no more. Every foot of land possessed must be turned to use and practical irri- gation will solve the problem. A few words about what the United States government is doing may be of interest. When developed the twenty- five projects will add 3,198,000 acres of land to the crop-producing area of the United States, while thirteen other projects, held in abeyance until the com- pletion of the former, will reclaim 3,270,- 000 acres, or a total of 6,468,000 acres, furnishing homes for thousands of fam- ilies and adding several hundred millions of dollars to the taxable property of the various states. The total cost of the work is placed at $159,621,000. Privately owned projects are watering about 5,000,- 000 acres of land in the Western states, and these represent a capital investment of more than $500,000,000. This enormous expenditure shows, in a way, the confidence that capital has in these substantial development enter- prises, and points the way to future investments. However, I should urge upon investors to make full inquiry into soil, water and climatic conditions, the engineering difficulties presented and the responsibility of the men identified with the project before buying a _ dollar’s worth of stock or otherwise investing a penny in any irrigation enterprise. WESTERN FRUIT JOBBERS ASSOCIATION of AMERICA Circular Letter No. 104 ENVER, Colorado, August 28, 1911. To Members: For many months this association has been working on the important subject of storage in transit with reconsignment privileges for boxed apples from the Western territory. Since August of last year we have been work- ing for the restoration of the privilege which was formerly granted California apples. It is an acknowledged fact that storage in transit is an absolute necessity for the proper distribution of the apple crop of the Western states. The North- western states have never enjoyed this privilege, and they have been hampered in the proper distribution of their crops year after year. Last fall, through the efforts of a few of the interested parties, the National League of Commission Merchants and the International Apple Shippers’ Asso- ciation were brought into meeting with the representatives of the Western Fruit Jobbers’ Association. The outcome of this meeting was a conference committee representing the three organizations, which was determined to secure these privileges if possible. This committee is as follows: W. L. Wagner, Chicago, whose firm is a member of all three organizations; R. S. French, of the National League; E. N. Loomis, of the International Apple Shippers, and your secretary, W. D. Tidwell. H. J. Schif- ferle, of the, Gibson Fruit Company of Chicago, was selected to act as secretary of the committee. Since the organization of this committee we have been working might and main to secure the privilege and have been successful in the Trans- Missouri lines, Western trunk lines and the Southwestern lines, but for various reasons we have never been able to secure a hearing from the Transcontin- ental Association. Immediately after the meeting of the board of directors of your association, which was held in Detroit, Michigan, August 8, the secretary of your associa- tion left for Chicago, determined to do everything in his power to secure a hear- ing from the transcontinental lines, who were in session in that city. The com- mittee was not considering subjects of this kind at all, but was holding a con- sultation relative to the Interstate Com- merce Commission decisions that have been recently handed down. After many personal interviews with the heads of the various roads that are interested, I was able to secure an emergency hearing from these gentlemen on Tuesday after- noon, August 15. In presenting the request for a hearing I had asked for Wednesday morning, August 16, but the transcontinental committee found that they could hear me at an earlier date, and naturally I did not lose the opportunity. At the hearing I presented the question as I understood it, from the growers, shippers, packers and dealers’ standpoint, IQII and judging from the questions that were asked I believe that the roads are really and truly interested in the subject. After the hearing I was assured by a number of the interested lines that they looked upon the matter favorably, and that they thought the request would be granted. ~On Wednesday morning after the hear- ine Mr. R. S. French, representing the National League, and Mr. E. N. Loomis, representing the International Apple Shippers’ Association, arrived in Chicago and a hearing was secured for them also. The result of the hearing is as follows: “W. D. Tidwell, Denver, Colorado: We are arranging to immediately publish rates on apples, carloads, subject to stor- age in transit privilege as published in tariffs of individual lines lawfully on file with Interstate Commerce Commission, ten cents per hundred pounds higher than present rate. The present rate with- out storage in transit privilege will be continued. Will advise date effective as soon as possible. (Signed) R. H. Coun- tiss, Chairman Transcontinental Com- mittee.” We are all aware of the fact that every railroad company in the United States has been using every effort to advance their rates during the past few months. Whether the advance is right or not is another question, and has nothing to do with the present subject. The meaning of the ruling of the committee is this: On the great bulk of apples that move from the Pacific Coast during the early part of the season that are shipped from point of origin to final destination there will be no advance in rates. The apples that move to cold storage points, where =they—are stored for several months, will bear a higher rate if reconsigned. While this is not what the conference commit- tee or the writer asked of the railroad companies. I feel that it is at least a step in the right direction and will materially assist in the marketing of the apple crop of the Pacific Coast. Formerly if we were forced to store apples in transit it was necessary to pay the sum of two locals, which is a great deal higher than the proposed ten cents. I feel that it is a concession on the part of the railroad companies and that they are really anxious to assist in moving the crops of our Western country. It is at least an acknowledgement by the transportation companies that storage in transit for Do You Want a Home in the midst of a delightful environ- ment? © © Editor Better Fruit: Kindly send me the names and addresses of the two best magazines published in California devoted to citrus fruits and their culture, and greatly oblige, yours very truly, S. R. Linn, Slidell, Louisiana. Editor’s Note: It is interesting to note that a fruit grower in Louisiana writes to “Better Fruit” to learn the names of California fruit papers, which sis further evidence of the wide circulation of “Better Fruit,’ which has subscribers in every state and territory in the United States, every province in Canada, and twenty foreign countries. Page 62 BETTER FRUIT OREGON APPLE SHOW TO BE HELD AT PORTLAND HE twenty-sixth annual meeting of the Oregon State Horticul‘ural Soci- ety will be held Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, November 15 to 17, 1911, in Portland, Oregon. In connection with this meeting, as has been the custom in the past, there will be an apple show. Until last year the exhibit was merely of a few hundred boxes with small prizes. Last year the apple show was enlarged and made a special feature, there being 3,000 boxes of apples on exhibition, as well as some pears, dried fruit, etc. This year it is the expectation of the officers and trustees that the exhibit will be much larger and better than ever before. While it is not intended to rival the National Apple Show it will be by far the largest and best one ever held in Oregon. Growers in other districts of the Northwest will also be invited to bring exhibits from their districts. The Northern Pacific and Great Northern Railroads have promised to again offer prizes. Last year their prizes were among the largest offered and brought out keen competition, being rivaled only by the competition for the sweepstake prize. It is the expectation of the manage- ment this year to offer premiums on 100, 50, 25, 10, 5, 3 and single box lots of apples; single and three-box lots on pears; also plate exhibits of each. Judging Contest—One of the new fea- tures this year will be a judging contest in naming varieties of apples, and grow- ers of new and promising varieties, as well as those who happen to have some old variety but are not certain of the name are urged to bring five of the best specimens and enter them in the plate contest of naming varieties. This will be conducted under the supervision of the horticultural department of the Ore- gon Agricultural College, with Professor C. I. Lewis and assistants in charge. Dried Fruits—Dried berries, nuts and prunes will also have suitable prizes. Prune growers are especially urged to bring a creditable exhibit, as too little attention has been paid in the past to this great industry of Oregon. The contests for 100 and 50-box lots will be district prizes, and will be open to growers, fruit growers’ associations, commercial clubs or any combination of growers in the same county or district. Each will be for not less than three varieties of apples, at least twenty-five boxes of each variety in the 100-box prize and at least fifteen boxes of each variety in the 50-box contest. The con- tests for twenty-five boxes or less will be open to growers only, and will be offered on from four to twenty varieties, about four varieties in the 25-box contest; five varieties in the 10-box: ten varieties in the 5-box, and from fifteen to twenty varieties in the single box lots. In plate exhibits. in addition to the sweepstake prize, there will be prizes on twenty-five to thirty of the leading varieties on single plates of five apples each. The premium list will be mailed about the middle of September. Any grower who has not received these in the past is urged to send his name to be placed on the mail- ing list. There is no charge for space to exhibitors. It is the wish of the management that every fruit district in the Northwest be represented, and especially every district in Oregon, and make it an all-Oergon exhibit. Quarters will be secured in the business district of the city so that thou- sands can avail themselves of the chance to see the exhibit. Every fruit grower, fruit growers’ association and commer- cial club in Oregon are requested to do all they can to further the success of this show. Several commercial clubs are offering special prizes on fruit grown in their county. Help boost fox a big show. Watch the October issue for full pre- mium list and the November issue for program. Loganberry Plants All Tips $20.00 per M. ASPINWALL BROS. BROOKS, OREGON Sale of Real Estate Shenandoah Valley September 26, 1911, at Charles Town Jefferson County, West Virginia Five tracts of land, ranging from forty-six to one hundred and fifty-eight acres, with good improvements and located in the apple belt in the picturesque Shenandoah Valley, five miles from main line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, two hours west of Washington, D. C. Under state of high cultivation, richest limestone soil. Land lies in high altitude, excellently adapted to fruit grow- ing. Fine macadamized roads. For further infor- mation address GEORGE D. MOORE and JAMES BENNER, Charles Town, West Virginia. September Tne CHERRY GITY NURSERIES Claim their trees are the best, their prices right, and solicit your patronage for their fine line of Apple, Pear, Peach, Prune and Plum Trees and small fruits. Also ornamental trees and shrubs. Special attention given to roses. Send for catalogue and price list. J. H. LAUTERMAN, Salem, Oregon Orchard Tract Ten acres rich orchard land in famous Rogue River Valley. Write for descrip- tion and price. CHAS. E. HICKS, Independence, Oregon. Red CLOVER 222 VETCH SEED Now Ready for prompt shipment. Lilly’s Best Red Clover is 99% PURE It is fresh, recleaned, Northern grown seed, 7% better than the Pure Seed Law demands. It costs a trifle more, but it’s worth more. Lilly’s Vetch Seed is of Standard Lilly Quality—fresh, recleaned seed of high germination Send for price, list. Prompt shipment guaranteed. A Copy of our “‘Crop Book”’ Sent Free with Orders THE CHAS. H. LILLY CO. Seattle Portland S THE EDCEMONT LID PRESS Patented September 20, 1910 Improved for 1911 A Handier and Better Stripper Better Cleat Holders New Rachet on Treadle Price $11.00 F.O.B. Hamilton, Montana Price delivered Washington and Oregon $13.00 MADE BY H. PLATT & SONS, Como, Montana WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT OUET. BETTER FRUIT Page 63 A Great Offer for Our Readers on Special Easy Terms a nt : ___ | A Text-Book to AMERICAN CRAME PRICAN CRAMER OS AMP Z Ott aes the Student IRTICUTTERE i k aR KORTICHTaMR = po rei BAILEY Ley . Ga ; yi Ace” A Manual to the Cae 1a ee Sy 2 rs ; pia Gardener A Library to the Teacher A Treasure to the Botanist A Guide to the Amateur A Companion to the Country Gentleman - _ L.H.Bailey’s Remarkable Cyclopedia of American Horticulture The Cyclopedia of American Horticulture presents the combined labor and experience of the 500 foremost American and Canadian authorities on horticultural subjects, which it has taken years of painstaking editorial work to put into its present convenient and attractive form. These four magnificent volumes place at the disposal of the horticulturist, whether practical, amateur or scientific, an ample and readily accessible account of every sub- ject which at any time may be of interest or practical use in his calling. EVERY LOCALITY TREATED J Its range is wide, covering plants, flowers, vegetables, trees, tillage processes, physiological chemistry, tools and implements, cultural discussions, botanical history, biographical sketches, horticultural geography and a myriad items that only constant use will reveal. ~GREAT VALUE TO NURSERYMEN The set is indispensable to all American libraries, not only because of its position as the foremost work of refer- ence in its field, but by reason also of its great literary excellence and its scientific accuracy, as well as the wealth of cultural data and descriptions it contains. Nor has the scope of the volumes been confined to botanical subjects alone. Such captions as “Diseases of Plants,’ “Graftage,”’ ‘Parks,’ “Perfumery Gardening,” “Insects,” “Nut Cul- ture,’ “Railroad Gardening,’ “Transplanting,” “Plant Breeding,” ‘Storage,’ “Tillage,” “Tools,” all illustrate the fact that every subject in any way incident to the activities of the horticulturist has been fully covered, commer- cially as well as scientifically. COMMERCIALLY PRACTICAL It is therefore evident that the appeal of this work is very general. Its subject matter is of almost universal interest, and is treated in such a practical, scholarly and discriminating manner that whoever may be in any way concerned with horticulture, whether as a means of gaining a livelihood, as a mode of recreation, as an outlet for pent-up energy, as a field for scientific investigations, as a method of beautifying his surroundings, as gardener, seedsman, korist, student, teacher, botanist, merchant or country gentleman, will find in “The Cyclopedia of Amer- ican Horticulture’ a work replete with suggestions, abounding in ideas, and fertile in timely hints, philosophic in design, wide in scope and minute in detail—a counselor, guide and instructor ever within call. Four large quarto volumes, 2,016 pages, 50 full page plates, 500 contributors, 2,800 original engravings, 4,400 articles, 24,400 plant names. Better Fruit has always endeavored to supply its readers Our Offe with the most authorative and up-to-date matter on horti- SEND : ; cultural methods, and has therefore made arrangements with the publishers of the CYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN HORTICULTURE whereby ONLY they may obtain the work on special easy monthly terms. The complete set of four volumes, bound in cloth will be delivered to you for only $2.00 down and $2.00 a month for 9 months. Further particulars sent on request. BETTER FRUIT PUBLISHING CO., Hood River, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 64 BETTER ERUIG FOURTH ANNUAL APPLE SHOW HELD AT SPOKANE WENTY THOUSAND DOLLARS in cash premiums and gold and silver trophies will be awarded in com- petitions, free and open to all. at the Fourth National Apple Show in Spokane, Washington, November 23 to 30, inclu- sive. In addition, there will be a series of growers’ conventions, practical dem- onstrations and country life meetings, at which men and women of recognized ability in horticulture will discuss mod- ern methods. Other features to be pro- vided are street festivals and celebra- tions to commemorate the formal open- ing of the Monroe Street bridge. the largest single span of concrete reiniorced construction in the world. and the Inland Empire's for the bounti- ful crops. Business men and residents of Spokane have subscribed $35.000 to guarantee the coming exposition and provide for the demonstrations by practical growers. showing the various stages of modern commercial orcharding from breaking the raw land. setting trees, cultivating. pruning and spraving to harvesting and marketing the crop. Arrangements have been completed to display two million or more of the highest grade products of commercial orchards in the United States and Canada and five experts of interna- tional renown will score the competitive thanksgiving exhibits and award prizes to the suc- cessful growers. The management of the National Apple Show, Inc., headed by E. F. Car- tier Van Dissel, has decided to eliminate the sweepstakes contest, the winner of which was awarded $1.000 in gold at each of the three preceding shows, and in its stead there will be added premiums on carload displays and box exhibits. It is thought that this plan will be more satisfactory to the growers in the various districts, as it affords an opportunity for every district to win a big prize on the variety scoring the highest number of points. Briefly stated. the prize purposes of the National Apple Show. which has become an annual event in Spokane, are as follows: To popularize the apple as a national fruit and food; to encourage the production of cleaner and better fruit: to assist growers in harvesting and mar- keting their products: to supply the ever- increasing demand at home and abroad for high grade commercial apples: to demonstrate to the West the possibilities of intensive cultivation and to bring to the attention of the North, East and South the value to the entire country of this development. Ren H. Rice. who was secretary of the second and third expositions and has been retained to manage the coming show. already has sufficient entries to occupy half of the 150.000 square feet of floor space to be devoted to exhibits in the State Armory and temporary build- ings to be erected at the intersection of two streets. “We shall have displays, ranging from full carloads to single plates of five apples, irom almost every commercial district on this continent,” said E. F. Cartier Van Dissel, chairman of the board of trustees of the National Apple Show, Inc., who has just returned from an extended trip through the Middle Western States. “I feel confident, too, that the show will be larger and better than ever, as growers all over the coun- try realize the many adyantages from a horticultural view point to be derived from these expositions and conventions, where they have opportunities to make comparisons and discuss methods with fellow orchardists.” The development of the national show idea began in the spring of 1908, when David Brown, chairman of the Country Life Commission of Washington. and several acquaintances informally dis- cussed a plan to determine which district on the continent raised the largest per- fect apple. The plan was discussed at a meeting of the Spokane County Hor- ticultural Society soon afterward, when September it was proposed to have an exhibition the following fall. The plan was also indorsed by the Washington State Horticultural Society and the Spokane Chamber of Commerce, which pledged their support to the undertaking. Changes followed rapidly as the idca was worked out. and from a county show it passed to an exposition of international scope and character. The first show in 1908 cost the people ot Spokane about $40,000, the organiza- tion facing a deficit of $3,500 after the last prize had been paid. This was met by one hundred business men, each con- tributing $35. The second show, in 1909, cost more than $45,000. and the two expositions in 1910, one in Spokane and the other in Chicago, cost in the neigh- borhood of $8S.000. The show next November, with its accompanying car- nivals and festivals. means an expendi- ture of more than $60,000. every pénny of which will be provided in contributions from the people of Spokane. OUR BOOKLET When the Going is Hard Contains information that is well worth your time to read. The discussion on “A Wheel with One Spoke’’ is worth DOLLARS to you. We tell you why a wooden wheel is dished, which is something many wagon manufacturers do not know. There are about twenty-five other articles just as interesting. DAVENPORT ROLLER-BEARING STEEL FARM WAGON There are many reasons why the DAVENPORT is the wagon for the farmer today. Among these are: 30% to 50% Lighter Draft, Increased Carrying Capacity, Does Not Carry Mud, No Repair Bills, No Tires to Reset, and Many, Many More. Better Investigate. Write for the booklet and also for our Package No. 22 Both sent FREP, John Deere Plow Company Moline, Illinois THE ROLLER BEARING Grasses VETCHES ALFALFA, GRAINS and CLOVERS, We offer to you in any quantity and at lowest market price our new crop of ‘‘Diamond Quality” Selected, Re-cleaned Farm and Field Seeds including Special Mixtures for Special Purposes. Cover Crops for Orchards Dry Land Pasture Mixture—Wet Land Pasture Mixture—Special Mixture for Burned-Over Land. Write to-day for Samples—Compare them— Note their purity and weight—Or, send in your order at once. We guarantee prompt and careful attention and full value for the money. Write for Catalog No. 200 PORTLAND SEED “4 COMPANY Portland, Oregon SPRING VETCH (Vicia Sativa) for sections West of the Cascade Mountains. WINTER VETCH (Vicia Villasa) for sections East of the Cascade Mountains. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IOI BETTER FRUIT Page 65 Nine Kimball Cultivators in operation on property of Dufur Orchard Company, Dufur, Oregon, owned by the Churchill-Matthews Company, 510 Spalding Building, Portland, Oregon. This company is using at this time thirty-five Kimball Cultivators on their Dufur, Sheridan, Drain and Cottage Grove properties. This speaks volumes for home-produced machinery. Why go East for yours? The Kimball Cultivator Great Weeds and Fern Exterminator Hood River, Oregon, Feb. 26, 1910. W. A. Johnston, The Dalles, Oregon. Dear Sir: I use three “Kimball Culti- vators” in my orchard. There is nothing better as a weeder, dust mulcher, or to stir the soil. Yours truly, pec Shepard ditomsbettem Fruit: Ninety per cent Hood River Orchardists use this machine. Send for illustrated descriptive booklet. RETAIL PRICE SCHEDULE No. 4—4Y, feet, 6 blades, weight complete 70 lbs... .$13.50 No. 11—12 feet, 15 blades, weight complete 185 lbs. .$30.00 No. 5—5!4 feet, 7 blades, weight complete 85 Ibs.... 15.00 No. 13—One 8% and one 9 feet, 23 blades, gangs, No. 6—6 feet, 8 blades, weight complete 100 lbs. .... 17.50 fully rigged, weight 300 Ibs..................... 47.50 No. 7—7 feet, 9 blades, weight complete 115 lbs..... 18.50 Extra Frames $1.00 per foot; weight 10 lbs. per foot. No. 8—8¥Y, feet, 11 blades, weight complete 125 lbs.. 20.00 No. 9—10 feet, 13 blades, weight complete 140 Ibs... 25.00 No. 10—12 feet, 10 blades, onen center, weight com- Extra Blades $1.50 each; weight 5 lbs. each. TERMS: Cash with order, except to declers with estab- plete GO SIDS eeepc ets nya carers wicca iets sare aes 22.59 lished credit. All quotations f.o.b. The Dalles, Oregon. W. A. JOHNSTON, Manufacturer Long Distance Phone, Red 991 Office and Factory, 422 East Third Street, The Dalles, Oregon WIIEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 606 BETTER FRUIT LIST OF BIG LAND, IRRIGATION AND APPLE SHOWS LIST of the great land, irriga- tion and apple shows to be held throughout the country. In the editorial columns will be found further particu- lars about each and every one of these big shows with the address of the secre- tary, so that evry one of our readers can secure further information, as our information is necessarily brief in this issue on account of limited space. We hope in the next number to have a brief article about each one of these shows, explaining their objects more fully Watsonville Apple Annual, Watson- ville, California, October 9-14. Sixth International Dry Congress and International Exposition of Dry Farmed Products, Colorado Springs, Colorado, October 16-20. American Land and Irrigation Expo- Farming sition, November 3-12, Madison Square Garden, New York. Indiana Apple Show, Indianapolis, Indiana, November 6-11. American Apple Exposition Denver, Colorado, November 12-18, Auditorium Building. Oregon Apple Show Portland, Ore- gon, November 15-17. United States Land and Irrigation Exposition, Coliseum, Chicago, Illinois, November 18 to December 9. National Apple Show Spokane, Wash- ington, November 23-30. Nineteenth National Irrigation Con- gress, Chicago, December 5-9. Northwest Land Products Paul Auditorium, St. Paul, December. 12-23. On another page in this edition will be found a list of all the state fairs and local fairs, which will be of interest to every fruit grower and agriculturist. All of the big shows which are going to be given during the balance of the year 1911 are entitled to liberal support for the reason that they are immense factors in developing all sections of the country. While great credit is due to the originators of these shows, to the men who put up the capital to guarantee the expense, and particularly the man- agers who have made all of these shows successful in the past, we believe Show St. Minnesota, there is something underneath this that enabled these men to make these events successful in the past two or three years, quality, in quantity, attendance and finances. We believe evolution has much to do with the subject. It is develop- ment of the United States that is making such shows possible, and we might add that there is an additional feature which many overlook, and that is the law of nature working to preserve a balance. In other words, the big cities have been growing faster than the country. The population in the big cities is too great in proportion to the country population, and necessarily the result of this condi- tion today is that all farm products as a rule are commanding high prices. The farming class is prosperous. On account of the high prices of food and moderate wages many people in cities are simply able to eke out an existence. The land presents a golden opportunity to the people in overcrowded cities, and the development of the country indicates that many are taking advantage of this opportunity. The popular expression of today, “Back to the Land,” indicates the move- ment that is going on and that will con- tinue to go on until nature has balanced itself, and until this time comes these big shows will be successiul. Beyond that time to give an expression will be only prophesy, and as prophesies are not backed up by evidence it is hardly worth while to make one, except to Say it is not in the near future. Hood River Grown Nursery Stock for Season 1911-12 Standard Varieties. Prices Right and Stock First Class C.D. THOMPSON, Hood River, Oregon Minnesota Fruit Co. Wholesale Fruits and Commission Apples Our Specialty Get in touch with us DULUTH, MINNESOTA Head of the Great Lakes il cc ‘C a ll i) ii STOCK AND SPECIAL TRADE MARK DESIGNS _ SAN FRANCISCO. 330 JACKSON ST. COR. BATTERY S77 my 1 BC yl Te Tr N| ey gil im | mM tt Hii 1°) Hu 1G Im Rae lll - FRUIT LABELS “FOR BOXES, ee BOTTLES, ETC. pay E IN ] N. | lh H)CONy WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT September Gilinsky Fruit Company Wholesale Jobbers of FRUITS and VEGETABLES 1017 Howard Street OMAHA, NEB. Telephone 763 Car Lots Broker and Distributor of Apples, Pears Peaches, Prunes Now distributing for the largest deciduous shippers of Northern Cal- ifornia, also agent for Chase & Co., packers, Florida. R. H. WYTHE 809 North Fourth Street ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Drain Tile Most Important Investment for the tiller of the soil Write for prices and free booklet © Lang & Bullock, Inc. 601 Beck Building PORTLAND, OREGON VEHICEES AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS - THE BEST OF ORCHARD AND GARDEN TOOLS A SPECIALTY GILBERT - VAUGHAN IMPLEMENT CO. HOOD RIVER, OREGON ORCHARDIST SUPPLY HOUSE FRANZ HARDWARE CO. Hood River, Oregon TOIT BETTER FRUIT Page 67 (INCORPORATED) SCALZO-FIORITA FRUIT CoO. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Headquarters for RUNES Largest Fruit and Produce House in America Box Apples EARS 70,000 Square Feet of Floor Space Oranges, Lemons EACHES Members Western Fruit Jobbers Association FORTY YEARS IN BUSINESS Correspondence invited with associations and individual growers desiring first-class connection in St. Louis. Auction facilities unequaled. Will buy outright or handle consignments, private sale or through St. Louis Fruit Auction. References: Franklin Bank, Dun and Bradstreet, any wholesale fruit house in the country. PROMPT SAFE RELIABLE LINCOLN, NEBRASKA J. GRAINGER & CO. ESTABLISHED 1887 WHOLESALE FRUIT MERCHANTS Extensive Dealers in Extra Fancy Washington and Oregon REFERENCES “Better Fruit”’ First National Bank, Lincoln, Nebraska Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Prunes Corn Exchange National Bank, Chicago, Illinois Chatham & Phoenix National Bank, New York, N.Y. Managers of Associations will do well to correspond with us J. H. Bahrenburg, Bro. & Co. 103-105 Murray Street New York City, N. Y. Vibe Nihal RED) iO) EAN DET YOUR SElEMEN ES OF ARPIEERS in Foreign or Domestic Markets Our representatives in foreign markets are merchants with whom we have been associated in the apple business for a great many years, and whose ability we have learned to know. We are also prepared to offer you WSUS BSS STORAGE IACINLIIMUSS WO) 11s leva) in New York State as well as in New York City For any further particulars, write the above address. DISTRIBUTORS For Shippers and Associations Hinde Fuc : : ind ¢ Fuchs Green and Dried Fruits BROKERAGE COMMISSION Unlimited Storage Facilities Correspondence Solicited Indianapolis, Indiana WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 68 BETTER FRUIT September ALFRED W.OTIS 81 Beach Street NEW YORK, N. Y. 92 Commercial Street BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Apples for American and Foreign Markets Thomas Russell, Glasgow, Scotland Ph. Astheimier & Son, Hamburg, Germany AGENTS FOR Woodall & Co., Liverpool, England M. Isaacs & Sons, Ltd., London, England SHIPMENTS FORWARDED FROM BOSTON OR NEW YORK Market quotations and full particulars on application Correspondence invited TERMINAL ICE AND COLD STORAGE CO. A COLD STORAGE PLANT, MODERN THROUGHOUT, AT THIRD AND HOYT STREETS, PORTLAND, OREGON Fruit growers or apple growers and dealers of the Western markets in and around Portland, who have watched the markets closely for the past few years, have learned that in the spring there is always a good demand for apples, and that they usually bring good prices if they are There is only one way to keep them in good con- in good condition. dition for spring consumption, and that is to put them in cold storage. We offer the best of cold storage facilities in the city of Portland and solicit correspondence from all the associations and fruit growers in general who want to store fruit in the fall or early winter to be used in the spring. Write us and we will give you further particulars. TERMINAL ICE AND COLD STORAGE CO. THIRD AND HOYT STREETS, PORTLAND, OREGON NORTHWEST LAND PRODUCTS SHOW AT ST. PAUL NDER the auspices of the North- western Development League the Northwestern Land Products Show will take place from December 12 to 23, and will be held in the St. Paul Auditorium, one of the finest buildings of its kind in the country. The dates were decided upon after advice had been received from the various Western states interested, and the dates of state fairs and other expositions had been considered. The dates selected will give those who wish to exhibit in Chicago an opportunity to bring their exhibits to St. Paul for the Northwestern Land Products Show, as the Chicago Land Exposition closes on December 9. The entire enterprise has but one object in view, according to officials of the league, and that object is to aid in the development of Oregon, Washington, Montana, Idaho, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota and Alaska. The Northwestern Land Prod- ucts exhibit will be something more than a mere land show, and will include not only products but resources of the country. This development league is defined by its officers as an “educational movement,” seeking to make people with the facts about the fertile Northwest. It is planned to make the exhibit an annual affair to be held in subsequent years in various cities of the Northwest, which will serve to stim- ulate activity, since the exhibit, being common property of the states men- acquainted APPLig=@ We want the best the market provides FLIEGLER & CO. ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA Members St. Paul Board of Trade Let us keep you posted on the St. Paul market It will pay you tioned, will be enthusiastically pushed by all. Mr. W. A. Campbell, secretary of the Northwestern Development League and formerly manager of publicity for the Omaha Chamber of Commerce, has been appointed general manager of the show, and is now actively at work to secure exhibits and entertainment features. As the league is composed of commercial clubs of all the states interested the off- cers will communicate with these bodies, advising them in reference to exhibit material, space available, etc. oo © T is not the aim or object of “Better Fruit” to deal in personalities or cri- ticisms, but it is our endeavor to give fruit growers all the valuable informa- tion that we can get IF YOU WANT THE BEST ORCHARD LAND IN OREGON I have what you want, whether it is five to forty acres for a HOME ORCHARD, or 400 acres for subdivision. I have land in the Hood River Valley or in the Mount Hood Valley adjoining Dufur. If you do not want to take possession at once, your land will be planted and cared for, in the best manner, for you for from three to five years, when it will come into bearing. For further particulars address, lee ©} XOX (30), IEIOONO) IRUDVIEIN, QIUEGOIN WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 69 APPLE STORAGE—410,000 Box Apples Capacity Our Apple Department is constantly in touch with the market and we are therefore in a position to give storage customers best results INSURANCE RATE LOW EBNER ICE AND COLD STORAGE CO. Main Office, VINCENNES, INDIANA Plants at Vincennes, Indiana; Flora, Illinois; Seymour, Indiana; Washington, Indiana Rae & Hatfield 317 Washington Street, New York Largest Handlers of Pacific Coast Fruits in the East REPRESENTING THE FOREMOST WESTERN SHIPPING COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS ON THE NEW YORK MARKET Operating in All Producing Sections RELIABLE EXPERIENCED PROMPT J.& G. LIPPMANN IN BUSINESS OVER 30 YEARS Incorporated—Capital $100,000.00 On one of the most conspicuous corners of the fruit and produce district. Handle all kinds of produce and want to get in touch with Western shippers of peaches, plums, prunes, etc. Box apples we shall make a specialty. Prepared to handle business of large associations, being fortified with ample capital to take care of any ee Le deal. Correspondence solicited. ry and Cellar a Fle riittieoniand J.& G. LIPPMANN Washington Streets. 338-340 Washington and 46-48 Harrison Streets, NEW YORK CITY We Want all Shippers of Green and Fresh Fruits to Write Us Auction Facilites Unequalled by any House in America tink, B PRESLEY CO. ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA WHOLESALE FRUITS We handle thousands of cars of fruit yearly, Apples, Pears, Peaches, Prunes, Etc. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 70 HYGENA REFRIGERATING) "= COMPANY | ELMIRA, NEW YORK |)’ Capacity 35 cars per day BETTER FRUIT 300,000 boxes mus William PQ. Jrwoin HE late William N. Irwin, who departed this life in Washington, D. C., June 22, 1911, was born near South Salem, Ohio, May 21, 1844. His boyhood and youth were spent in Ohio, near the place of his birth. Soon after his marriage, December 15, 1868, to Miss Ella N. Rowand, who with four chil- dren survives him, he removed to East- ern Kansas, where he engaged in farm- ing and related pursuits for the succeed- ing twelve years. About 1880 he returned with his family to his old home in Ohio, where he engaged in fruit grow- ing and nursery work. This occupied his attention until 1891, when he was appointed to a position in the division of pomology (subsequently merged into the Bureau of Plant Industry) in the United States Department of Agricul- ture. Here he continued actively engaged until a few days before his death. In his department work Mr. Irwin exhibited high efficiency. As a judge of varieties he had a wide acquaintance with fruits, and possessed and developed a delicacy and discrimination of taste and of descriptive power which rendered him unusually expert in the identifica- tion and description of rare and little known varieties. In work of this charac- ter the efficiency of the individual depends largely upon his ability to acquire through observation and test such complete and accurate knowledge of varieties as renders their recognition possible, even where printed descriptions or illustrations fail to indicate their dis- tinguishing characteristics. This ability Mr. Irwin possessed in an exceptional degree. Coupled as it was in him with a friendly and cordial disposition, it ren- dered him a most valuable co-worker in the pomological force of the department. His opinions and advice were steadily sought and highly prized, both by his associates and the general public. In a time when the commercial temp- tation to sacrifice dessert quality in fruits to the more showy characteristics of large size and brilliant color, Mr. Irwin stood steadily and consistently for high quality as the most important character in determining whether or not the dis- semination of a new sort should be encouraged. He was quick to discover under resides uncouth or unpromising exteriors, and the good that often equally prompt to commend it when found, whether in fruits or in men. His influence in this respect upon the younger men associated with him, both in the department and in the national and state horticultural societies of which he was an active member, has been far reaching and strongly beneficial. As an expert judge of fruits he was frequently called upon to judge exhibits made at national and state competitions, includ- ing the St. Louis Exposition in 1904. In recent years he became very much interested in the question of introducing from foreign countries animals suitable for use as food for man, especially such as could be expected to subsist and thrive on the wild growth in forests and swamps which now yield little return to man in any form. Through his personal advocacy of the plan much interest was aroused, especially in some parts of the South, where large areas of swampy and other wild land at present support little animal life possessing economic value. Aside from his ability, industry and faithfulness as a public servant, qualities which merit universal commendation, the many who were so fortunate as to know Mr. Irwin personally mourn his loss as that of a most considerate and generous friend. No trouble, whether that of a friend or stranger, which he could see a way to lessen was disre- garded by him. Gentle, tactful and con- siderate of the feelings of others, he was at the same time strong, effective and practical in his efforts to aid those who September Every facility is offered for the successful carrying and marketing of Box Apples for domestic and export use Fireproof warehouse 30c Insurance rate Storage rates and advances quoted on application needed help, whether through his advice, his substance or his personal service. He was a gentleman in the truest sense, whose example and influence have leit the world better than he found it.— Contributed. The Hamlin School A Boarding and Day School for Girls Comprising a French School for Little Children, Primary, Intermediate, High School and Post Graduate Departments, Household Economics, Drawing, Painting and Elocution. Accredited by the University of California, by Leland Stanford Junior University and by Eastern Colleges. Courses in Singing, Instrumental Music (piano, violin, organ, harp, flute, cello, etc.), Theory and Composition, Harmony, Sight Reading, Musical Dictation, Choral and Orchestral Practice, etc., are offered by the newly formed Music Department. For particulars in regard to the School, please send for prospectus, and address MISS SARAH D. HAMLIN, A. M. 2230 Pacific Avenue San Francisco PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 1 and 2 Lambert-Sargeant Building Corner East Alder Street and Grand Avenue PORTLAND, OREGON AUSTIN FINKS BROKERAGE COMPANY ‘Texas _ We are brokers only, selling to exclusive jobbing trade through Central and Southern Our traveling men get results. Let Texas. us_sell your apples for you. Your correspondence solicited. FINKS BROKERAGE COMPANY MODERN COLD STORAGE with every facility for handling and storing Apples, Fruit, Produce at any temperature desired. Finest market and distributing point in the Northwest Write for terms De Soto Creamery and Produce Co. Cold Storage Department WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 71 WE ARE HEAVY OPERATORS IN and the three big BOX APPLES EARS EACHES RUNES We handle more box apples than any concern in Ohio and want to hear from every grower and shipper who will have either large or small lots to offer. Let us hear from you at once. OUR SPECIALTY, BOX APPLES I. N. PRICE & COMPANY, CINCINNaTI, OHIO REFERENCES: ANY BANK OR CREDIT AGENCY | Security Ladders “NOT A NAIL IN THEM”’ The Most Economical to Buy and Use Security Construction 4 is Rigid and Inspires Confidence Security Patent Step Joint Makes these Ladders STRONGEST Where Others are Weakest Ask your Dealer for Security Ladders LIGHT--STRONG-- DURABLE--SAVE WAGES SECURITY LADDER CO., inc. LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA OLIVIT APPLES R.H.Pennington & Co. INCORPORATED Main Office EVANSVILLE, INDIANA BRANCHES: St. Louis, Missouri Owensboro, Kentucky Vincennes, Indiana Paducah, Kentucky APPLES The PARIS FAIR Hood River’s largest and best store Retailers of EVERYTHING TO WEAR Agents for HAMILTON & BROWN AND THE BROWN SHOES HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX CLOTHES MANHATTAN SHIRTS JOHN B. STETSON HATS NEMO CORSETS Strictly Cash—One Price to All BROS. Commission Merchants RAWLS AND PRODUCE Announce they have been established forty years handling all kinds of fruits. Apples in boxes and barrels are a Specialty with us, and we have our salesmen who devote their entire time to selling apples throughout the season. We handle more box apples through our store than any house in New York. We solicit cor- respondence of any nature relating to apples or the fruit business in general, in advance of the season. We can furnish the best of references and can handle your crop to the best possible advantage. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 335 WASHINGTON STREET NEW YORK What’s in a Namer ““NURSERY—A place where young trees, shrubs, vines, etc., are propagated for purposes of transplanting.’’—Noau WEBSTER. Noah is dead now, so we thank his memory for this generous write up. If you wish to know how accurate this definition is, write or call on The Sunnyside Nursery Company SUNNYSIDE, WASHINGTON BETTER FRUIT September 25 DOUBLE EAGLES—$500.00 IN GOLD A PRIZE FOR THE BEST EXHIBIT 25 Boxes of Apples NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY Will present this to the apple grower making the best 25-box exhibit of his product at the American Land and Irrigation Exposition to be held in New York City in November, 1911. The apples may be of any variety or varieties, a single variety to the box; may be all of one variety or different varieties in the various boxes. apples, all other conditions being lived up to. No exhibit will be barred on account of location of the land producing the As an apple grower you are interested personally and in your loyalty to and pride and faith in your own section, you are doubly interested. exhibits of products. Write today for copy of circular telling about this and other prizes to be awarded for Address A. D. CHARLTON, Assistant General Passenger Agent, Portland, Oregon A. M. CLELAND, General Passenger Agent, St. Paul, Minnesota WATSONVILLE’S SECOND ANNUAL APPLE SHOW HIS apple growing community, which ships more apples than many whole states, and of a quality equal to the best produced anywhere, last year concluded to stimualte the industry, not alone locally but throughout the state, and for that purpose organized an asso- ciation known as the “Apple Annual,” induced the city to vote bonds for the erection of a pavilion larger than Dream- land in San Francisco, and gave an apple show which beat anything. of the kind ever held in the world, more than three millions of apples being displayed. The affair was such a success from the grow- ers’ and shippers’ standpoint it will be repeated this year, October 9 to 14, and fruit from all sections of the state will be exhibited. The show of 1910 demon- strated beyond contradiction California is one of the greatest apple states of the Union, although Watsonville and the Pajaro Valley at present do the most shipping, the output of fresh fruit from this station alone last year being a trifle over 4,000 carloads of 650 boxes, or bushels, to the car. The “Annual” is held during the preva- lence of tourist rates from all points east over all lines, with stop-over priv- ileges, and fruit men generally take advantage of this condition to attend, while colonists in search of homes will come in large numbers. Watsonville is one hundred miles from San Francisco, on the coast line of the Southern Pacific, and is easily reached by trains from north and south, almost hourly. The displays of fruit are worth traveling across a continent to see, for in this sec- tion apple growing is the chief industry, and the fact that there are more than a million bearing trees in the immediate vicinity of the town is ample proof of the assertion. The product is largely Newtown Pippins and Bellflowers, the markets being the larger Eastern cities and the principal cities of Great Britain, which last consume a large portion of the product. Under the stimulus of this California apple show the industry has progressed in fifteen counties of the state during the last year SITUATION WANTED By nursery foreman. Wide experience in floral and horticultural work, two years in West. Am single and can furnish first-class reference. Would like position taking care of large starting or bear- ing orchard. State full particulars in first letter. Hevelingen, care “‘Better Fruit.” J. M. SCHMELTZER, Secretary HOOD RIVER ABSTRACT COMPANY Hood River, Oregon ABSTRACTS INSURANCE CONVEYANCING “I HAVE SO LITTLE FUNGUS That I cannot afford to mark my fruit with bordeaux,” says Mr. George T. Powell, of Ghent, New York, a grower of fancy apples. Reason: “T have less scale and finer foliage than ever before.” Five years’ consecutive use of “SCALECIDE” Cheaper, more effective, and easier to apply than lime-sulphur Send for booklet, “Orchard Insurance” PRICES: In barrels and half-barrels, 50c per gallon; 10-gallon cans, $6.00; 5-gallon cans, $3.25; 1-gallon cans, $1.00 If you want cheap oils, our “CARBOLEINE” at 30c per gallon is the equal of anything else B. G. PRATT CO., Manufacturing Chemists, 50 Church Street, NEW YORK CITY J. F. LITTOOY CONSULTING HORTICULTURIST Orchard director, orchard schemes examined, orchard plans submitted, orchard soils and sites selected, nurseries visited and stock selected, values examined for farm loans, purchasing agent for land and orchard investments, acts as power of attorney in selection of Carey Act lands. MOUNTAIN HOME, IDAHO WHEN NURSERY Doing good retail business for sale. Address Box 431, Cash- mere, Washington. WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII | BETTER FRUIT Page 73 4 : : =A zi (jai z fs a ps . e agin payne jes 4 : 4 ~ We can ship in the fall at picking ere (ox@) iver Stee i busts 4 “ga i or hold until such time as needed. r ae Apples not shipped early are held in S i u i E pecou Pp : : our storage plant in fresh, pure, cold perfection in size, shape and)” “ qt ; ay 5&3’ r until they are wanted, when they color, but also for the great ¥8 : a bs : Seine, fe re packed in clean, new, non-odorous |final test of flavor, in compari- i er K : ti ' 5 AR boxes for shipment. This insures in son to which all other quality : ae 1 ? 7 i) Si late shipments the same high qualities be pate ine UBS eniicatces “pte : oy 8 a tise : ; as in ihe early pape, fresh pack] (ofo} iver ples are grown br sat = Sea me ill PN. °s ; = and perfect fruit, and all the delici ina Papincanonsiciseice Ronee is y : ce F il “ a pal ‘ i ar iS Se the snowfall is heavy and there fim, : : We ; ! ADA " , ue) ERE is enough of winter weather to develop the maximum of flavor, “as well as the highest degree of OF SEN ESL i i i License i f - by ctf 5 Pa Will make early quotations on carloads DAVI D N F R lah : and solicit your business e Hood River,Oregon S AWYER & D AY Wholesale Dealers and Jobbers of 1 FOREIGN & DOMESTIC FRUITS 2 NORTH MARKET STREET AND 33 COMMERCIAL STREET, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS We desire to get in touch with the best apple growers associations and private shippers in the North- west. We are familiar with the quality and grade of Western box apples and we have an extensive acquain- tance with the trade throughout New England that are looking for fancy boxed apples. Therefore we feel confident that we can assure splendid returns on all fruits that may be consigned to us, and consequently we feel justified in asking for your trade, and in order to get better acquainted with the fruit shippers when the apple season is on, we solicit correspondence in advance. Our reference—Faneuil Hall Branch of the Beacon S AWY BE R &z D AY Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts. Pl LAP EEPHMIAS FANCY FRUIT HOUSE TO OUR NEW STORE Some Class S. W. Corner Dock and Walnut Streets 20 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE AS SELLERS, IMPORTERS AND GROWERS MAKE US LEADERS FRANK W. STANTON & CO. Can furnish reference from ocean to ocean WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT September Lewiston-Clarkston School of Horticulture Owners of fruit land in the Lewiston-Clarkston district, conceiving ‘that in the long run the value of their lands will depend upon the scientific knowledge and skill with which the orchards are conducted, have deemed it wise to establish a school under the management of one of the most distinguished teachers of horticulture in the United States, at which instruction will be given not inferior in quality to that offered at the best agricultural colleges. INSTRUCTION IS OFFERED FREE TO ORCHARDISTS OF THE DISTRICT Thorough courses are given in the growing of orchards and the harvesting of fruit, including the following subjects: Principles of Fruit-growing, Nursery Practice, Vegetable Gardening, Small Fruits, Plant Diseases, Insect Pests, Spraying, Harvesting, Packing and Marketing of Horticultural Crops. The school is under the direction of W. S. THORNBER, M. S., graduate and post-graduate of South Dakota Agricultural College; post-graduate Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; instructor in Horticul- ture, South Dakota Agricultural College, 1897 to 1904; tutor, Department of Horticulture at Cornell Univer- sity, 1905; professor and head of Department of Horticulture, Washington State Agricultural College, 1905 to I9II. ‘Associated with him is an able corps of instructors of technical training and practical experience both in the class-room and in the field. Much emphasis is laid upon the laboratory work, which occupies a great portion of the instruction, and for which there are unusual opportunities in the Lewiston-Clarkston Valley, where are to be found apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries and European grapes, besides other varieties of fruit, in large quantities and in various stages of development. Special attention is given to the study of irrigation with two large irrigation systems in operation in the valley. Address W. S. THORNBER, Lewiston-Clarkston School of Horticulture, Lewiston, Idaho FEATURES IN WASHINGTON STATE FAIR PRIZES HE annual prize list and catalogue of the Washington State Fair, Sep- tember 25-30, at North Yakima, is being issued, and contains many new features. One idea is carried out by the sug- gestions of the fruit growers at their annual session last January. A number of varieties of apples are eliminated from the prize list on the theory that experience shows they have no commer- cal value, and it has been deemed best to confine the prize money to those varieties that are making the Northwest famous as an orchard section. It has been suggested that the Washington State Fair adopt the plan of many others in the country and make their prizes in all divisions open to the world —the same as they have always been in the livestock division. The theory is that if Oregon, Idaho or British Columbia are producing anything better than the Washington product our people ought to have a chance to see it and learn how the improvement has been accom- plished. This idea is purely educational, and if carried out will be of value to Washington producers notwithstanding the fact that the idea is opposed by some producers of the state. The offi- cers of the Washington State Fair have been notified that the railways of the state will give a round trip rate of fare and one-third. These rates are concurred in by the Oregon-Washineton Railway & Navigation Company, the Northern Pacific and the Spokane, Portland & Seattle. The rate will apply from Sep- tember 24 going till October 1 returning. A modest effort is being made to improve the State Fair grounds at North Yakima, and when the fair takes place visitors are going to be agreeably sur- prised. The state now has a fair plant the realty value of which is over, $150,- 000, exclusive of buildings, and until last year no attempt was made at beautifying the site or taking advantage of the natural advantages offered. This year over two hundred trees have been planted around the permanent buildings and drives, new lawns started and a gen- eral plan of ground improvement inaug- urated on a small scale. The work will add greatly to the pleasure of those attending the State Fair. BARNETT BROS. Western Soft Pine. Light, strong and durable. BOXES FRUIT “Better Fruit” subscribers demand the “Better Box.” CAN MAKE TWO CARIOADS DAILY Washing ton Mill Co. Wholesale Manufacturers Spokane, Washington 159 South Water Street CHICAGO A Minute’s Talk with Western Fruit Associations, particularly those dealing in Apples, Cantaloupes and Peaches, are invited to corres- pond with us. Weare able to put before you a plan for marketing your output in a manner satisfactory to you and mutually profitable. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII The Ri This Car BETTER FRUIT Page Sensation for 1912 for $1,000 (Price Subject to Change Without Notice) Here is the first attempt to sell a high-grade car—roomy, luxurious, speedy and powerful—for an even- thousand dollars. It is the latest de- sign of Mr. R. EK. Olds—the finest car which this famous factory ever sent out from its doors. The price is subject to change; it may be impossible. We count that this price will add 50 per cent to our output without added overhead expense. If it does, the price becomes possible—at the present cost of materials. If we find it impossible we shall later ad- vance it. For we never shall skimp on any part of this car to keep the price at $1,000. Every Reo agent now has this car on exhibit. Hach now offers this initial price. And you will find no car under $1,500 which compares for a moment with it. How We Did It Year after year we have constantly increased our output. Part by part we have brought the Reo ear to perfection. Gradually each important part has been standardized, and permanent machin- ery has been adapted to it. Year by year we have equipped our- selves to build every part of the car— to cut off the profits of parts-makers. All the costly experiments are ended now. The expensive changes have all been made. Our machinery, dies, jigs and tools need no more alteration. Some expensive materials, like tires and steel, are costing less than for- merly. Our selling cost is a great deal less, because of our organization. We have enormous capacity and our output can now be increased by half R. M. Owen & Co., General Sales Agents for The new Reo “Thirty,” with fore- door, flve-passenger tonneau. Four 4x41¢-inch cylinders — 108-inch wheel base—34x3 %-inch tires—the best of magnetos. Our latest and finest creation—a roomy, powerful, stunning car—for an even-thous- and dollars. Top and windshield not included. We equip this car with a Mohair Top and Slip Cover, a Mezger Auto- matic Windshield, a Speedometer and a Gas Tank—all for $100 extra. with no extra cost save for and labor. For all of these reasons, the time seems at hand when a car of this class can be sold for $1,000. And, until fur- ther notice, we are going to try it. materials No Skimping Whatever We pledge you our word that in adopting this price, we have not skimped the car in the slightest par- ticular. This is the finest model, re- gardless of price, that we ever turned out from our factory. It is the best car we can make. It is aS good a car as any man, at any price, can make. a The car is built under laboratory supervision of the most scientific sort. The steel for each part is analyzed. It is tested for tensile strength and for hardness. Nothing is left to chance. The gears are tested in a crushing WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT machine, to withstand a pressure of 27% tons. The bearings are fitted with the best roller bearings—the Timken and the Hyatt High-Duty. The carbu- retor is adapted to the present grades of gasoline. All that is known to the best modern practice is embodied in this car. From the big tires and wheels down to the smallest hidden part, we are giving you better than necessary—the very best we know. Designed by R.E. Olds This car was designed by Mr. R. E. Olds, the dean of automobile designers. It is built under his supervision. Long before the days of automobiles Mr. Olds was building famous gas engines. In the early days of the motor ear he built the only cars worth having. And in every step of progression since, Mr. Olds has kept well in the lead. This car we are selling for $1,000 is Mr. Olds’ latest creation. It embodies all his skill and experience. And all his reputation as a great engineer is staked on this Reo car. Ask for Details On this car we publish complete specifications. We state every mate- rial, every feature, every detail of the mechanism. We do this to help you compare this car with the highest- priced cars in existence. Please write for these facts. Then go to the nearest Reo agent and see the ear itself. This is the first great car to sell for $1,000. And, if the price is found possible, it is bound to change the whole motor car situation. Reo Motor Car Co., Lansing, Mich. N Gn Page 76 BETTER FRUIT MOVING THE GREAT SOUTHWEST MELON CROP HE Southern Pacific Company has practically completed one of the greatest crop movements in the history of any transportation company in this country. This movement was the handl- ing of the cantaloupe crop of the Imper- ial Valley, California, and of the crop in Arizona and Nevada. Up to and including midnight, July 24, the South- ern Pacific Company had shipped 2,844 cars of cantaloupes out of the Imperial Valley during the season of approxi- mately two months. About one hundred more cars remain to be shipped from this point to the markets. This record exceeds all previous shipments by approximately 1,000 cars. The canta- loupe crop of Arizona up to and includ- ing July 24, amounts to 403 cars, with about 300 more cars of this fruit to be shipped. About twenty-five cars have already been shipped from the Moapa district in Nevada by the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake road, about 100 more remaining to be shipped. Nearly 57,000,000 pounds of ice were required for the shipping of these canta- loupes. The biggest day’s picking was June 11 when 133 carloads were har- vested. These cars were hauled from Brawley, the shipping center, to Imper- ial Junction on the main line of the Southern Pacific, in one train, the length of which was 6,175 feet, considerably more than a mile. There were 324 crates in each car and forty-five melons to the crate, or a total number of 14,580 melons in each car, and in this long train 1,939,- CapritaL Stock $100,000 SurpPLus $22,000 FIRST NATIONAL BANK HOOD RIVER, OREGON F. S. Staney, President J. W. Hinricus, Vice President E. O. Brancuar, Cashier V. C. Brock, Assistant Cashier ESPECIAL ATTENTION AND CARE GIVEN TO BUSINESS DEALS FOR NON-RESIDENT CUSTOMERS Thorough and Conservative Assets over $500,000 Savings Bank in connection 140 melons. The largest previous train- load of cantaloupes was shipped from the Imperial Valley in 1908, eighty-nine cars moving over the Southern Pacific lines to Eastern points. When one appreciates the fact that each of these melons were handled at least three times, in picking, wrapping and crating, they can readily imagine the army of men necessary to do this work. Two and a quarter million dollars is the estimate of value put on the Imperial cantaloupe crop, now that the season is near its end. One feature of this year’s output is that, despite its size, the melons have been of better quality than ever before. September GET CATALOG AND PRICE LIST 420 Acres Devoted to Nursery Purposes THE WOODBURN NURSERIES Established 1863 by J. H. Settlemier Grower of Choice NURSERY STOCK F. W. SETTLEMIER Woodburn, Oregon NEW RESIDENTS We_are always pleased to extend courteous assistance to new residents of Hood River and the Hood River Valley by advising them regarding any local conditions within our knowledge, and we afford every convenience for the transaction of their financial matters. fully and cordially invited, and we guarantee satisfaction. New accounts are respect- Savings department in connection. HOOD RIVER BANKING AND TRUST COMPANY HOOD RIVER, OREGON LESLIE BUTLER, President F. McKERCHER, Vice President TRUMAN BUTLER, Cashier Established 1900 Incorporated 1905 Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Capital fully paid $50,000 Surplus and profits over $50,000 INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS We give special attention to Good Farm Loans If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or if you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY LADD & TILTON BANK Established 1859 Oldest bank on the Pacific Coast PORTLAND, OREGON Capital fully paid - - Surplus and undivided profits $1,000,000 800,000 Officers: W. M. Ladd, President Edward Cookingham, Vice President W. H. Dunckley, Cashier R. S. Howard, Jr., Assistant Cashier J. W. Ladd, Assistant Cashier Walter M. Cook, Assistant Cashier INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS AND SAVINGS ACCOUNTS Accounts of banks, firms, corporations and individuals solicited. Travelers’ checks for sale, and drafts issued available in all countries of Europe. agents’ commissions. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Order Direct and Save Agent’s Profit Why not order your nursery stock direct from us, and save that 25 per cent commission which most nurserymen allow their salesmen? for our stock is a price based on actual growing cost, plus our one small margin of profit, a price eliminating all traveling men’s expenses, dealers’ profits and Write us before placing your order. DONALD NURSERY COMPANY, Donald, Oregon The price we name TOII BETTER FRUIT ;GAMBLE-ROBINSON COMMISSION 60 Wholesale Fruits Our Specialties Box Apples Elberta Peaches VW WIE OUR SEVERAL “ASSOCIATE HOUSES — HANDLE SEVERAL THOUSAND CAIRNS Qit APIPILISS, 11a a\(Clalds) UND (Gun shaik EPCS eA NINGUPAGIE I Yo Wa WANT = © CONMCNGl NOW Wir “CARL@OAD, Od SISOS THT ISSy ASSOCIATE HOUSES: Gamble-Robinson Fruit Co., St. Paul Gamble-Robinson Fruit and Produce Co., Mankato Gamble-Robinson Fruit Co., Aberdeen, South Dakota Gamble-Robinson Co., Rochester, Minnesota Gamble-Robinson Fruit Co., Oelwein, Iowa Gamble-Robinson Fruit and Produce Co., Pipestone, Minnesota Gamble-Robinson Fruit Co., Miles City, Montana Page 77 Hood River Nurseries Have for the coming season a very complete line of NURSERY STOCK Newtown and Spitzenberg propagated from selected bearing trees. Make no mistake, but start your orchard right. Plant generation trees. Hood River (Clark Seedling) strawberry plants in quantities to suit. Send for prices. RAWSON & STANTON, Hood River, Oregon Nursery Stock of Absolute Reliability That’s the only kind to buy. Good trees bring success and poor trees failure. Fruit growers know this. They do not experiment. They buy non-irrigated, whole root, budded trees, and we number scores of them on our list of well pleased customers. We have prepared this season for an immense business. That means trees, trees, trees without limit as to variety and quantity. We also have an immense stock of small fruits and ornamentals. We solicit your confidence, and will take care of the rest. Catalogue on application. Salem Nursery Company, salem, Oregon Reliable and live salesmen wanted. G. M.H. WAGNER & SONS EXPONENTS AND PURVEYORS OF High Grade Box Fruits MARKET CREATORS AND DISTRIBUTORS Located for forty years in the largest distributing market in the world. Correspondence invited 123 W. South Water Street, CHICAGO IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN CANNING YOU NEED THE BOOK “A Complete Course in Canning’ PUBLISHED BY A CANNED FOOD AUTHORITY y Contains 245 pages. Is well printed. Neatly bound in cloth Price $5 cash with order Postage paid anywhere in the United States Order through “BETTER FRUIT,” Hood River, Oregon SEND FOR LIST OF CONTENTS, IF IN DOUBT WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 7& BETTER FRUIT September We Want to Correspond with some of the up-to-date shippers and packers of fancy apples in your section. We have a market for fancy apples that is second to none in this country, and believe it will be to your advantage to get acquainted with us and this market. We want to do business only with those who put up a well packed box, and who will respect grades. H. B. FISKE 3G @: PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND 51-59 DYER STREET All Popular Codes. Growers and shippers of Western fruits must have proper connections in Chicago if they expect to realize full market value of their fruit. We have the best of connections on all the larger markets and the confidence and patronage of the carlot buyers on the smaller markets. We have the most favorable auction connections and a good auction market in Chicago. Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Clore, Inc. WHOLESALE DEALERS AND CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Cable Addresss “Cloefield.” Bankers: National Bank of the Republic THE BEST CHICAGO CONNECTION to sell. CRUTCHFIELD, WOOLFOLK & CLORE ENCOURAGING MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, NEWS N accordance with the progressive immigration policy of the common- wealth government of Australia, instruc- tions were recently given by the Depart- ment of External Affairs to the Horti- cultural Press of Australasia, 44 William Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, to forward a special issue of their fruit magazine, “The Fruit World of Australa- sia,’ direct to the farmers and fruit grow- ers of Great Britain. This is the third time the commonwealth government has approached the English producers direct through “The Fruit World of Australasia,” with the result that many of the right class of immigrants have come to Australia. All the states have received considerable benefit, as settlers, after reading the practical articles deal- ing with the several states, have made their homes accordingly, and in doing so have brought considerable capital with them. Immigrants have arrived from the various English counties, Kent, Somerset, Devonshire, etc., through “The Fruit World’s” influence, many of whom in the past few months have voluntarily testified to the value of having received in their own homes in Great Britain a copy of that publication. There surely cannot be any more direct and con- vincing way to attract the right class of settlers than this. It shows that there are good, live men administering affairs in Australia. The illustrations of the issue just published depict various orchard and fruit scenes typical of Australian conditions. There is also an illustration showing the sturdy type of settler Australia is receiving from Eng- land and the United States of America; it also shows the steamships arriving filled with immigrants, describes the opinions by those who have already touched conditions there. It also shows the steamships leaving loaded with fruit grown by men who immigrated over thirty years ago to the country of sun- shine and the Southern Seas. [Editor’s Note—One of our subscribers in Australia has sent us the above article, which shows the work that is being done by the English government to develop the fruit industry in Australia. “The Fruit World” is a fruit growers’ paper published in Australia, and it is being mailed and distributed extensively throughout England, Ireland and Scot- No. 11 W. SOUTH WATER STREET We have a large and attractive jobbing house on South Water Street and a thoroughly organized and competent sales force for handling local and country orders. We have the organization and equipment for obtaining the full market value of fruits and vegetables when con- ditions are most unfavorable, as well as favorable. Let us hear from you at once as to what you have CHICAGO land at the expense of the government for the purpose of getting settlers to go to Australia to help develop the fruit industry. We cannot help but add that “Better Fruit’ has been built entirely without public support. We wish the good Lord that we had some govern- ment, state or publicity organization to do as much for “Better Fruit” as the English government is doing for “The Fruit World,’ published in Australia.] © © © Almost the whole world knows of Hood River as a place that produces the best fruits, and all of Hood River Valley should know, and could know, that there is one place in Hood River, under the firm name of R. B. Bragg & Co., where the people can depend on get- ting most reliable dry goods, clothing, shoes and groceries at the most reason- able prices that are possible. Try it. CHICO NURSERY COMPANY GROWERS OF High Class Nursery Stock The best that good soil, care, skill and long experience can produce Write us for prices on Grape Vines, Cherries, Apples, Peaches, Pears, Nut Trees, Ornamental Shade Trees, Flowering Shrubs and Roses Peach Seed For Sale. Catalogue Free CHICO NURSERY COMPANY, Chico, California WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IO) ie i BETTER FRUIT Page 79 OPEN LETTER NORTHWESTERN SHIPPERS There are three (3) essentials to Successful Marketing First — Facilities and Organization Second—Expert Salesmanship Third —Judgment, based on Knowledge and Experience If you want maximum results communicate with us. Yours truly, CRUTCHFIELD & WOOLFOLK PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA FREE EXPERT ADVICE | | BUTTE POTATO By Hoflcges (5 gn Wigliatls & PRODUCE CO. TO FRUIT GROWERS Jobbers of All Farm and Purchasing high grade nursery stock, Orchard Products guaranteed true to name, from the We have a large outlet for fruits and vegetables. We want to hear Van Holderbeke Nursery Company ieee Main Offices: RELIABLE Nurseries: A. J. KNIEVEL, President and Manager Columbia Building AGENTS Spokane Valley and : ; : Spokane, Washington WANTED Kennewick, Washington Sixteen Bare eae eas on the THE EVANS & TURNER CO. COLUMBUS, OHIO VEO NGHOR CONNEPCLIONS ING DHE x DREME WEST ON Apples, Pears and Peaches We are members of National League of Commission Merchants and the Produce Reporter Company References: The Union National Bank, Columbus, Ohio; Union Savings Bank, Manchester, Michigan WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 80 BETTER FRUIT OVERCOMING THE POWER SPRAYING DIFFICULTY considerably improved during the HILE the power sprayer has been past few years there still remain some weaknesses for the genius of inventors and manufacturers to overcome. Among these the first to be encountered by the beginner is likely to.be the inherent diffi- culties in the management of a gas engine. These, however, in most cases succumb to experience and acquaintance with the machine, and in few cases are due to defects either in design or con- struction. Therefore, this presents a problem not so much to the manufac- turers as to the users of power sprayers. The gas engine has become quite well standardized, and seems incapable of much further improvement. The next observable weakness is likely to be found in the pump mechanism. Few people realize the great strain involved in oper- ating a pump at 200 pounds pressure. Neither is the corrosive effect of various spray mixtures upon the metal surfaces fully appreciated. The impor- tance of using brass wherever possible can hardly be overestimated. The cut- ting effect of the mixtures, moving at September high velocities, especially when carrying more.or less sediment, soon becomes apparent in the valves and packings. Hence it is important that all possible parts be easily accessible for repair or renewal. Next might be mentioned the unsatisfactory results very frequently obtained at the nozzles. There are innumerable patterns of nozzles—good, bad and indifferent. The pattern most commonly used in the West, the Bor- deaux, is quite generally condemned because of the rapid wear of the sur- faces, against which the liquid impinges, and inability to renew them. Greater durability and ease of renewal is cer- has just closed the most successful and prosperous year in its history. We want to make 1911 even more successful than the year just passed. We want yourname upon our subscription list. Here are a few facts which will help you to decide the question of subscribing, @ The Pacific Monthly is recognized as the most successful independent magazine in the West. It , publishes each month artistic and unusual duotone illustrations of beautiful Western scenery, studies of Indian heads, or of animal life, ranging from Alaska, on the North, to Mexico on the South, and as far afield as Japan and the South Seas. From its striking cover design to the last page you will find a feast of beautiful pictures. @ Each month it publishes from five or six short stories by such authors as Jack London, Stewart Edward White, Harvey Wickham, D. E. Dermody, Seumas MacManus, Fred. R. Bechdolt, and other well known writers of short stories. Its stories are clean, wholesome and readable. @ Each month one or more strong articles are published by such writers as William Winter, the dean of dramatic critics, John Kenneth Turner, the author of "Barbarous Mexico", Rabbi Wise, the noted Jewish Rabbi, and John E. Lathrop, who contributes a non-partisan review of national affairs. Charles Erskine Scott Wood contributes each month under the title of "Impressions" a brilliant record of personal opinion. @ The Pacific Monthly has become noted for having published some of the best verse appearing in any of the magazines. Charles Badger Clark, Jr., contributes his inimitable cowboy poems ex- clusively to The Pacific Monthly. Berton Braley, George Sterling, Elizabeth Lambert Wood, Wm. Maxwell, and other well known poets are represented by their best work in our pages. @ A feature that has won many friends for The Pacific Monthly has been our descriptive and indus- trial articles. During the coming year one or more such articles will be published each month. Articles now scheduled for early publication are: "Money in Live Stock on the Pacific Coast", "Suc- cess with Apples","Nut Culture in the Northwest","Success with Small Fruits","Fodder Crops in the - Western States". @ In addition to these articles the Progress and Development Section will give each month author- ative information as to the resources and opportunities to be found in the West. To those who are planning to come West, the descriptive illustrated articles on various sections of the West will be invaluable. @ If you want a clean, fearless, independent magazine—one that will give you wholesome, readable stories, authoritative, descriptive articles of the progress being made in the West, a magazine that believes thoroughly in the West and the future destiny of the West—you will make no mistake in subscribing for the Pacific Monthly. Its subscription price is $1.50 a year. To enable you to try it for shorter period, however, we will give a trial subscription of six months for $.50. q Fill out the coupon below and send it with $.50 in stamps to The Pacific Monthly Company, Portland, Oregon. THE PACIFIC MONTHLY COMPANY Portland, Oregon Gentlemen:—Enclosed find fifty cents in acceptance of your special offer of a trial subscription for six months. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT tainly very desirable. Round nozzles with renewable disks, which throw a direct and positive spray of the same general character as the Bor- deaux, have appeared on the market and promise to rap- idly displace the latter. Im- provements are rapidly being made in this line and the newer types of nozzles are being eagerly sought by pro- gressive growers. Probably the most difficult problem of all lies in the means for controlling pres- sure. That the ordinary relief valve used for this purpose is unsatisfactory no one who has nursed one through a season will deny. It may work pretty well for a short time, but soon it becomes partially, if not wholly, unreliable, and is a source of constant annoy- ance and anxiety. This prob- lem seems incapable of solu- tion with the present style of valve. Recently a new method of pressure and local control has been devised and patented, which operates by “short circuiting” the pump and throttling the suction automatically when the pres- sure runs too high. This method greatly increases the efficiency of the sprayer, but is somewhat expensive com- pared with a relief valve, and growers are still look- ing for a cheap and effec- tive means of controlling pressure. That present day genius and experience will soon solve this problem we have no doubt. Much greater attention is being paid to the perfecting of power sprayer accessories than ever before, and some factories are mak- ing it an exclusive business. It is a long road to perfec- tion in any line of manufac- ture: Whe perfect power Sprayer may never be built. There will doubtless — still remain much more room for improvement when the prob- lems mentioned have all been solved.—Contributed. TOIT BETTER FRUIT Page SI Established 1842 Capital paid in $90,000.00 Incorporated 1910 SANDS, FURBER & CO. INC. Commission Merchants Fruits and Produce 16 & wt Nenth Side | Faneuil Hall Market, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Telephone, 1552 Richmond W.S. GLIDDEN, President H. F. RICE, Vice President C.H. CUMMINGS, Treasurer and General Manager Associations, Independent and Individual Shippers We desire to get in touch with you for the purpose of arranging to handle your apples. To that end we ask you to please write us at once, giving estimate of what “THE HOUSE TO DO BUSINESS WITH >? ee consist of and the varieties of apples COYNE BROTHERS APPLE SPECIALISTS Write for Memo Loose Leaf Book. Mention ‘‘Better Fruit’’ 11g W. South Water Street, CHICAGO ee... FE. P.STACY & SONS E. P. Stacy & Sons, St. Paul, Minn. ® t Stacy Fruit Company, Fargo, N. D. Stacy Mercantile Company, Valley City, N. D. See Fruit Company, Bismarck, N. D. Largest Handlers of Stacy Fruit Company, Carrington, N. D. t E. P. Stacy Fruit Company, Watertown, S. D. W estern Deciduous E. P. Stacy & Sons Company, Mason City, Iowa : : Stacy Fruit & Produce Company, Albert Lea, Minn. and Citrus Fruits Stacy Brothers Fruit Company, Lincoln, Neb. Davidson Brothers Company, Fort Dodge, Iowa Davidson Brothers Company, Marshalltown, lowa Correspondence Solicited Davidson Brothers Company, Moberly, Mo. Davidson Brothers Company, Des Moines, Iowa MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Founded 1839 Capital, $1 50,000.00, paid in Incorporated 1904 POHN NIX & COMPANY 281 Washington Street, NEW YORK CITY WESTERN OFFICE, 220 No. State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Pacific Coast Fruits and Vegetables Our Store Centrally Located. One Block from Erie R. R. Depot WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 82 BETTER FRUIT September A.LEVY & J. ZENUNER Ge NORTHWEST CORNER OF DAVIS AND WASHINGTON STREETS SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA The largest dealers in and distributors of Box Apples on the Pacific Coast Get in touch with us. Let us know what you have to dispose of. Best modern cold storage facilities Inquire about us of any bank, mercantile agency, Produce Reporter Company, or the manager of your association LET US HEAR FROM YOU S. SEGARI & COMPANY 8 erences. Next door to the auction room, will be our headquarters for California deciduous fruits and box apples. Remember, we keep experienced salesmen at the Illinois Central Railroad fruit and produce sheds, also at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad watermelon and produce sheds. We are now ready to handle Apples, Pears, Cantaloupes, Peaches WRITE OR WIRE WHAT YOU HAVE NEW ORLEANS || LINDSAY GEO. H. APPEL & CO. LTD. z IMPORTERS Wholesale z BO 2 JOBBERS Commission cs Wholesale Fruits oS = 5 ap BEE © HELENA, MONTANA 25) Oc 3) is 5 S NM Established in Helena Quarter of a Century eS ZA xOS > [= Ze o2 Branch houses: Great Falls, Mis- a All Fruits in Season Storagefor50Cars - soula and Billings, Montana | J.L. BEER & CO, | | sniwoneco sens YONCALLA, OREGON Fruit and Produce Nip Azanis Prices Wholesale GENERAL NURSERY STOCK PROPAGATORS 306-310 Poydras and 507-509 South Peters, NEW ORLEANS Box Apples Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes Stock clean and true. Budded or grafted from bearing trees E. P. DREW We are distributors. We reach all points tributary to New Orleans, Consulting Horticulturist including Cuba, Panama and Central America 30 years in business WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII Stranahan & Clark DEALERS IN Commercial Fertilizers Land Plaster, Lime Plaster Paris, Cement | Building Plasters HOOD RIVER, OREGON HEADQUARTERS FOR CENTURY SPRAY PUMPS Hose, Nozzles, First- class Plumbing Supplies C.F. SUMNER Successor to Norton & Smith HOOD RIVER, OREGON ‘The Largest Planters in the World Planting and care under the supervision of Churchill- Matthews Company 503-8-10-11 Spalding Building PORTLAND, OREGON Sales to Eastern people of planted tracts with five years’ August 1, 1911, care, equal $1,845,000.00 Sales and Selling under supervision of BRANIGAR BROS. BURLINGTON, IOWA Agencies WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT Page 83 TRIAL SHIPMENTS OF PEACHES TO GREAT BRITAIN Continued from page 4o August issue “ It is very important that peaches, in common with other tender varieties of fruit, should be cooled as quickly as pos- sible after they are picked. As the St. Catharines Cold Storage and Forward- ing Company, which packed the peaches for these shipments, have cold storage in connection with their packing house it was possible to cool about one-half of each shipment to about 40 degrees before loading them into the car. As the other half were only received from the orchard on the day of shipment they were packed and loaded direct into the iced car. At Montreal, as already stated, a difference of about 10 degrees was found between the peaches that had been pre-cooled and those that were not, the temperature in the one case being 44 degrees and i the other 54 degrees. One advantage of pre-cooling before shipment and _ the consequent retarding of the “ripening process soon after the fruit is picked, is that the peaches may be allowed to get more mature on the tree, and thus improve the flavor and appearance. The following letter from Captain H. E. Shallis, cargo inspector for Cana- dian Department of Agriculture at Bris- tol, dated September 28, 1910, regarding the shipment to Bristol on September 15, will be of interest: I am pleased to report that this shipment was landed here in very good condition. Of the total of ninety-nine boxes (or trays, as they are termed here) fifty were retained for Bristol, twenty-five were sent to Cardiff and twenty-four to Birming- ham, and were dispatched to their respective des- tinations without delay. Of the Bristol lot we had some boxes on show at the offices of the Bristol Fruit Brokers, with whom I had arranged for their disposal. The fruit was found to be firm, hard and green on arrival, though some were showing signs of color, and the first opinions expressed by those connected with the trade were that the fruit was somewhat disappointing, being small in size and not sufficiently rounded in shape compared with our house-grown fruit, but as the fruit ripened very favorable opinions have been expressed as to the color and quality. The boxes each contained twenty-three peaches, but there were two boxes of only twenty; these peaches were much superior in every respect as regards size, color and fleshiness, and more the class of fruit which would find ready acceptance with the pub- lic. The packing left nothing to be desired. The temperature kept on board the ship throughout the passage ranged from 34 to 36 degrees until the last day, when it was allowed to rise 50 degrees and slightly over. The day following the arrival of the fruit twenty-eight boxes were sold at ‘$1. 44 per box, but, owing a great deal to the unripe condition, the others did not go off till yesterday, but on obtaining more maturity the fruit showed some waste, with the result that a lower price of ninety-six cents per box had to be taken to effect its sale, fearing further deteriora- tion. In all we had to lose eight boxes in re-packing to make others sound, for the slightest spot or blemish rendered the fruit unsalable. From various opinions before me, I may say that the merchants are verv favorably impressed and would welcome a large trade in this line, and trust that this may lead to further developments in all classes of fruit from Canada, for with the facilities of carrying in cold storage now available to this port a good opening affords itself. The following report, under date of September 28, 1910, from Mr. W. A. MacKinnon, Canadian trade commis- sioner at Birmingham, England, will be found interesting: It may not be out of place to report in some detail on the condition of the trial shipment of peaches which the Department of Agriculture sent to Bristol by the Canadian Northern steamship Royal Edward. This shipment is the first of a series which will be distributed from various points, inciuding Glasgow, Liverpool and London. about one hundred holding twenty-three peaches each, was divided between Bristol, Cardiff and Birmingham. The fruit was shipped at Montreal on the fifteenth instant, reached Bristol on Thurs- day, the 22nd, was conveyed to Cardiff by Great The present consignment of single layer cases, Better Fruit” Western Railway and to Birmingham by Midland Railway, and placed on the markets of both towns on Friday morning, the 23rd instant. Samples were examined at the two last named places, where what remains unsold is still under observa- tion. There is not a word to be said regarding package or packing, since both were entirely admirable. The excelsior is the finest and whitest I have seen used in Canada, and the packing everyone here considers absolutely perfect. As regards maturity, the first hasty comments of handlers and receivers were to the effect that the peaches had been picked too green. Even if that were so it would be a mistake on the right side, but in view of the rapid ripening, the weather here being unusually warm for the season, it is likely everyone will now say that they must have been picked at exactly the right stage of maturity. There is some trifling unevenness in the matte1 of size, and also of ripeness. As to the former it should be corrected, for the more even the size the better show will be made, but a little differ- ence in maturity is helpful, since it allows the retailer time to sell the ripest before the others are quite ready. It has been pointed out that bruise and incipient rot should be guarded against. The former is usually understood, and it is grati- fying to note that among all the specimens exam- ined not one single peach appeared to have a finger or thumb bruise, and very few showed either cut or pressure such as might be made by the side or angle of basket or box; in fact the only bruises noticeable were such as appear to have been caused by undue pressure against the twig in the act of pulling off the fruit. Such marks, however, though generally found close to the stem, were not always in line with the hollow where the twig itself had been. It is, therefore, pos- sible that in some cases at least this bruise has originated by the fruit being set down rather roughly on the stem end. In other cases, how- ever, the injury is rather a break than a bruise, and ‘has evidently been caused in the act of snap- ping off the fruit in such a way that a fragment of skin has been torn loose for perhaps a quarter of an inch from the point where the stem was detached. The loose flap thus formed could be distinctly seen in the midst of the rotted portion. It is probably impossible to avoid this injury to some peaches, but they should then be omitted from the shipment. What is called ‘incipient rot” may or may not have been discovered when the fruit was shipped; if not there is, of course, no help for it, but if on minute examination a spot is visible from which decay might be expected to radiate the peach should be discarded. A case was examined containing ten, more or less, dam- aged peaches, and it is reported that the number amounted sometimes to twelve, though, on the other hand, some cases showed not a_ single damaged specimen, and the average would appar- ently not exceed six. These figures apply to Saturday and Monday, the second and fourth days after landing. The decayed spots varied in size from a pin head to nearly an inch in diameter, but in every case there was clearly discernible Management of orchard tracts or nursery wanted by experi- Will contract for Address Tay- Fruit.” enced party. house grafting. loimncane Detter City Orchard for Sale 234 acres finest Newtown and Spitzenberg apple trees in the Rogue River Valley. Located in Ash- land, ten minutes’ walk from church and school. Splendid residence city, ideal climate. Apples sold for an average of $1,100 per year the past four years. Crop now on trees worth considerably more. ©. H. Barnhill (owner), Ashland, Oregon. The Ideal Dog for the Country Home is The Airedale Terrier As a watch dog, a “pal” for children he has no equal. AT STUD—“Kootenai Admiral,” sire of “Kootenai Commander,’ winner of _ first puppy and first novice awards at Seattle and Tacoma shows this year. BROOD MATRON—‘Clipstone Sunbeam,” winner of ten firsts and six specials at New York and Minneapolis in 1909. A litter of splendid puppies from the above mating will be ready for delivery September ils algal, For particulars address or call on, C. W. J. RECKERS, Klickitat Kennels, White Salmon, Wash. or a companion WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page S4 BETTER FRUIT September HARDING-SHAW CO. CORNER SOUTH WATER AND CLARK STREETS CHICAGO VEE: Leading Brokers CARLOTS BOX APEEEs WANE UWS) OUI Te, ©, 18. IPIRNCles:. WE WILL PLACE THEM BEFORE TESS a center, or heart, from which the trouble had originated and spread. The smallest of these spots were simply marks varying from whitish- yellow to a light brown color, from which the peach down was missing, so that there was a slight depression. Some receivers described the trouble as “‘dry rot,’’ but none were able to state its cause with certainty. The smaller spots sug- gest the possibility that a strong sun had reached them through a drop of rain, which formed a tem- porary burning glass. Possibly, however, Canadian horticultural experts can indicate exactly the origin of this rot and point out a remedy, since it would probably make itself evident in similar lots of fruit cold-stored in Canada. The government shipment appears to have been confined to the early Crawford, but a private exporter has sent to Birmingham one case of Crawfords and one of Fitzgeralds. The latter variety seems to have stood the journey very much better than the former, assuming that con- ditions were exactly similar at time of shipment. Only one or two specimens out of the case con- taining sixty-four peaches showed signs of damage or rot, while amongst the Crawfords the waste was much more considerable. On the other hand, the Crawfords had preserved much more of their natural flavor, and were on the whole of a better size for sale in the English markets. The twenty-three peach cases were selling in Cardiff at $1.44, and the fruit (which was promi- nently displayed and advertised by show cards calling attention to the fact that they were the first direct shipment of Canadian peaches to Car- diff) sold retail at twelve cents pér peach. In Birmingham the price realized at market was $1.20 per case, and the retail price eight cents each. The trade here pointed out that as this fruit is necessarily inferior to the best English . hothouse varieties it cannot compete with the latter as choice dessert fruit, and that consequently it is better to fix the price from the beginning at a reasonable figure, which will allow a continuous supply being readily marketed hereafter. These peaches arrive just when the English peaches are disappearing, and should, therefore, find a ready sale at the price indicated. It is evident, of course, that in any case the question of profit or loss will be decided by the percentage of sound fruit capable of holding firm long enough to admit of disposal in retail stores. It must be admitted that the Crawford is not entirely satisfactory as a long distance carrier, but as already stated the results of this first important experiment are on the whole surpris- ingly good. The gradual raising of the tem- perature is most desirable, and had in this case excellent results. Fruit packages quickly removed from low temperatures to the outside air are often quite damp, owing to condensed moisture upon wrapper and packing material. The consignment under consideration was carefully examined, and no trace of moisture found, both fruit and wrap- pers being in excellent condition. It is too early to draw general conclusions, but in this matter of temperature again it is most gratifying to observe how successful has been this first experiment. The Lord Mayor of Cardiff received a few specimens which he acknowledged as follows: “I must say the fruit was in excellent condition, and I am sure will find a ready and appreciative market in Cadiff and district. The samples were exceed- ingly choice and luscious.” Of the first London shipment, 78 cases Elbertas, 72 cases Old Mxon, shipped from Montreal September 17, landed at London September 29, Thomas E. Davis, cargo inspector for Canadian Depart- ment of Agriculture at London, says: The stowage of packages showed good steve- doring, adequate space being allowed between cases owing to extra dunnage, whilst a tarpaulin was placed under head pipes to guard against possible sweat. Immediately on arrival a quick start was made, the goods being on the market within three hours from breaking of cargo. Exam- ining peaches I found the fruit sound, without marks, and of good appearance. The department’s parcel opened sound, although hard, and in the opinion of Messrs. Monro not sufficiently ripe. In regard to the packages, I venture to say that the method of crating these cases together should be placed before shippers, as it certainly is an object lesson in packing, and if accepted as a standard crate would, I am sure, justify the reason of its adoption, as it not only minimizes the han- dling, but also the chance of plunder. With the absence of [English peaches the varieties are eagerly sought for. Of the second shipment, 324 cases Elbertas, 18 cases Old Mixon, shipped from Montreal September 24, landed at London October 7, Inspector Davis reports: The cases came forward properly stowed, and carried at a temperature of 35 degrees, rising 40 degrees the last two days. At the time of dis- charge (6 p. m.) the atmospheric temperature stood at 58 degrees. When landed and delivered Yellow Newtown and Spitzenberg Trees a Specialty All Buds and Scions Selected from Bearing and Tested Trees TRUE-TO-NAME NURSERY H. S. GALLIGAN HOOD RIVER, OREGON The Old Reliable True-to-Name Nursery Offers to planters for the coming season our usual choice but limited stock of the leading commer- cial varieties adapted to the Northwest. true-to-name; if not you have suffered an irreparable loss. It is important to know that the trees you buy will prove You can avoid this loss and disappoint- ment by purchasing your trees from the True-to-Name Nursery—the nursery that has made good. We personally select all our propagating wood from bearing and tested trees, and are therefore in a position, as we have been in the past, to guarantee our trees true-to-name. If you are contemplating planting a large orchard it will pay you to come and see our stock. If you cannot personally examine our stock, write us at once, so we can take care of you. Address TRUE-TO-NAME NURSERY NO AGENTS HOOD RIVER, OREGON One year’s subscription to “Better Fruit’? with every $25 order. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT JOHN B. CANCELMO PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA Largest Dealer IN BOX APPLES on this Market Philadelphia Supplies WITHIN A RADIUS OF ONE HUNDRED MILES Over Ten Million People Make Your Arrangements Now, Cold Storage Facilities Unexcelled We Represent some of the Largest Fruit Shipping Concerns in the World DOPNOT OVERLOOK THE PHILADELPHIA MARKET the packages were carefully handled and placed with the receivers within three hours of arrival. The peaches turned out well generally, the trouble being that here and there fine examples go off quickly, commencing with a small speck “which rapidly spreads. This bad feature does not appear to be in any way associated with the packing. Messrs. Monro’s theory is that the rot sets in by the fruit being punctured by insects. Personally I have wondered whether the adverse condition could not be attributed to change of temperature. The Elbertas sent by the department were packed twenty, twenty-three and twenty-five per case, the twenties being put up separtely in wood wool, while the twenty-threes and twenty-fives were packed solid. Dealers have a preference for the former pack. Regarding the third shipment, 198 Elbertas, shipped from Montreal Sep- tember 30, arrived in London via Liver- pool October 11, Messrs. Geo. Monro, Limited, Covent Garden Market, Lon- don, dated October 10, 1910, has this to say: We are just in receipt of yours of the 30th ult., and we are pleased to note that you have sent these by Liverpool, being a quicker route than coming by the Thompson line. We are sorry to note that this will be the last shipment for the season, as we anticipated making a considerable trade in this fruit, but can see that the weather has been against it this year. We do not think it would be advisable to try to get any more for the peaches than we have done, as there are still a good few English ones about, and to make a trade it is a wrong principle to pinch the buyers too tightly, a good many of them already com- plaining that they could do a much larger trade at a little less money. There have also been some complaints of a percentage of them turning out in wasty condition, and this is probably through WHOLE ROOT TREES Are the only kind to set. Now is the time to make arrangements for your next fall’s requirements. We have a large, full line, and ask that you correspond with us. CARLTON NURSERY CO. CARLTON, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT the wet weather you refer to in your letter just received. We trust that our results will be entirely satisfactory to you and that it may lead to a larger business in the coming years. We must certainly congratulate you on the method of packing, as it is perfect and takes on at once with the buyers here, whereas, if they had the same fruit offered them in any other package than single layers it would not have realized anything like as much money. Of first shipment, Liverpool 51 cases, Leeds 12 cases, Manchester 12 cases, variety Early Crawford, shipped from Montreal September 16, landed at Liver- pool September 26, A. W. Grindley, chief cargo inspector for Canadian Depart- ment of Agriculture at Liverpool, under date of September 27, 1910, writes: The above peaches, landed per steamship Megantic September 24th, and were discharged early September 26th. The Liverpool lot was sold in the commercial sales room at 3 p. m. Septem- ber 26; the Manchester lot in Smithfield market about 6 a. m. September 27, and the Leeds lot in Kirkgate market at the same time as the Man- chester lot. Liverpool made from 96 cents to $1.02, Manchester $1.32 and Leeds $1.20. The peaches were carried at from 35 degrees down to 34 degrees, and today are still quite green, and I am afraid will not mature to perfection. The size of the fruit is good, style of packing and package perfect. You must remember when comparing prices realized that the Liverpool commercial sales room is wholesale, and can deal in large quantities, while Smithfield market, Manchester and Kirkgate market, Leeds, are like Queen’s Square, Liverpool, where jobbers sell small lotS on commission. Mr. Fred Bridge, Manchester, who realized $1.32 per case, telephoned me today that he did not want any more than eight crates— twenty-four cases—from next shipment, so the smaller markets can only deal with very limited quantities. I understand that the bulk of the peaches sold here yesterday were bought by a Birmingham firm. Liverpool and Covent Garden are the great distributing centers for fruit in England. Under date of September 29, in further reference to peaches mentioned above, Mr. Grindley writes: Some of the peaches are standing up well, and are being retailed at eight cents and twelve cents each. I fancy some cases on top and near coils in ship’s refrigerator were too cold, while those which were not so_much exposed appear to be turning out well. Peaches from the Cape could be carried at a lower temperature than Canadian peaches, as they arrive here during cold weather, while ours are discharged from a temperature of 35 degrees into a temperature of 70 degrees, and such a sudden change is bound to injure the fruit. I find California pears and plums which are landed in good condition quickly ripen, and go wasty dur- ing the warm weather. I noticed yesterday in The apple is the king of fruits. Our apples are kings of apples. We are apple specialists. We sell the very best apples at very attrac- tive prices. Fine Eating Apples Cooking Apples Special Purpose Apples Carefully packed in boxes or barrels. Remember, apples are staple goods, but we have made them a specialty. We wish to handle the output of fruit associations as well as shippers. It will pay you to get in touch with us. Sutton Brothers Wholesale Fruit Dealers COLUMBUS, OHIO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page SO Queen’s Square California plums which were car- ried at 35 degrees, which were running juice out of the chip baskets simply because they could not stand a sudden change of 30 or 35 degrees. The fruit should be kept for twelve hours in an intermediate temperature. Engineers should be instructed to allow the temperature of refrigerator chambers where delicate fruits (peaches, pears and plums) are stowed to gradually rise during the last twenty-four hours, so as to more nearly approach the temperature that the goods will have to meet when discharged. In reference to second shipment, Liv- erpool 102 cases, Manchester 24 cases, Leeds 24 cases, variety Elberta, shipped from Montreal September 24, landed at Liverpool October 4, Mr. Grindley wrote under date of October 4, 1910: The peaches were all in perfect condition when landed this morning, and will be sold in Liver- pool commercial sales room tomorrow, except eight packages to Manchester and eight packages to Leeds. Temperature of thermograph 35 to 37 degrees, which I still continue to consider too low; better have 40 to 42 degrees, as the peaches are still on the firm side and have still to meet warm weather when discharged. This morning, three hours after being discharged from ship’s refrigerator, moisture was condensing from atmos- phere, and the wood wool and tissue paper wrap- pers were quite damp. This has a tendency to damage the fruit and make it go wasty. Members of the trade much prefer to have a band of wood wool around each peach, as it gives the fruit a better appearance when exposed for sale in the retail shops, as well as preventing the peaches bruising each other when ripe. As the fruit was all hard when landed there was practically no difference in condition on arrival, but the packages with only tissue paper and packed solid (twenty- threes and twenty-fives) were not nearly as attractive in appearance as the twenties, with wood wool bands around each peach. Of the same shipment, under date of November 9, 1910, Mr. Grindley wrote: Some of the peaches stood up well for ten days or a fortnight, and they took care of themselves, realizing twelve cents and sixteen cents each as Canadians. and in a few cases twenty-four cents or more as English hothouse. For future shipments Buy and Try White River Flour Makes Whiter, Lighter HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS _ Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring -\ wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc., bring more money, Ask for eee proposition. Harvey Spring Co., 784 17th St, Racine, Wis. BETTER FRUIT it would be well for the Department of Agriculture to advise Canadian shippers to confine their con- signments to the ports of London, Liverpool and Glasgow, and to place their fruit in the hands of reliable firms at one or more of these ports, from which centers the fruit could be distributed to the best advantage to the inland towns. The port of Bristol might be added to the above three ports, as there is a good direct service from Montreal to Bristol, but Bristol and district can easily be supplied from London and lacks the competition between numerous buyers which is found at the three ports first mentioned. As it appears that Canada, in the near future, will have large quan- tities of peaches to export the idea of realizing fancy prices from a very restricted market will have to be thrown aside, and the fruit put on the British market at such a price that the middle classes will buy it. Of first shipment, 57 cases Early Crawford, 36 cases Old Mixon, shipped from Montreal September 17, landed at Glasgow September 26, James A. Find- lay, cargo inspector for Canadian Depart- ment of Agriculture at Glasgow, under date of September 27, 1910, wrote: I am in receipt of yours enclosing copy of letter sent to Messrs. Simons, Jacobs & Co., relat- ing to consignment of peaches, and, as instructed in yours, I cabled you the condition on arrival and prices secured: “Condition satisfactory, $1.08 Are Promptness and Quality of Service of Any Interest to You? Beside getting the highest grade of nursery stock to be obtained, is it not important that you get it from a reliable concern, one that is in business to stay, ready to take care of you for years to come, and one that is determined to give satisfaction? OUR DESIRE TO SECURE YOUR BUS- INESS IS ONLY EXCEEDED BY OUR DETERMINATION TO MERIT IT. We have a splendid lot of all the staple fruit, shade and ornamental stock for deliv- ery the coming fall and spring seasons, thrifty, mature, hardy, and_ splendidly rooted. It is the class of stock you need for your valuable orchard land. EVERY TREE IS GUARANTEED Toppenish Nursery Company Toppenisb, Washington Unsurpassed nursery stock grown in the famous Yakima Valley More Active Salesmen Wanted THE NEW CROWN RELIEF VALVE For Power Sprayers Patent Applied For Anend to Relief Valve Troubles Designed on an entirely new principle and sold under guarantee SPECIAL PRICE FOR SAMPLE $4.00 Pain CROWN SPECIALTY COMPANY BOX 297, CHICAGO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT September “Hawkeye Tree Protector” Protects your trees against rabbits, mice and other tree gnawers; also against cut worms, sun scald, and skin- ning by cultivation. Cost is but a trifle. The value of one tree is more than the cost of all the Hawkeye Pro- tectors you will need. Write for prices and full description. Burlington Basket Co. STATE AGENTS G. M. Westland, Wenatchee, Wash. Fair Oaks Nursery Co., Traverse City, Mich. Welch Nursery Co., Madison, Ala. Parker Bros. Nursery Co., Fayetteville, Ark. C. H. Webster, The Dalles, Oregon F. F. Powell, Stevensville, Mont. Humphrey Nurseries, Humphrey, Neb. Geo. F. Hall, Wendall, Idaho Brown Bros. Nursery Co., Rochester, N. Y. Elizabeth Nursery Co., Elizabeth, a H. C. Baker, Route 2, Tunkhannock, Pa. O. K. Nurseries, Wynnewood, Okla. Jefferson Nursery Co., Monticello, Fla. J. A. Hess, Salt Lake City, Utah Denver Nurseries, Denver, Colo. Frank Brown & Son Co., Paynesville, Minn. Elm Brook Farm Co., Hallowell, Me. A. G. Swanson, Maimisburg, Ohio P. T. Siniff, Carthon, Ohio E. B. Wells, Topeka, Kansas J. M. Sharp, Delavan, Wisconsin Belmont School (FOR BOYS) BELMONT, CAL. (Twenty-five Miles South of San Francisco) The school is trying to do for the moral and physical, not less than for the intellectual, welfare of each boy what a thoughtful parent most wishes to have done. Contribut- ing to this end are the location of the school, removed from the temptations and distractions of town or city; the fineness of the climate, the excellence of its buildings and other equipment, and the beauty and extent ofits grounds, with the wide range of foothills surrounding them. Weare glad to have our patrons and graduates consulted. For catalogue, booklet and further specific imformation address the head master, W. T. REID, A. M. (Harvard) Fall term begins Aug. 14th. RICHLAND NURSERY CO. INSURE YOUR HARVEST by planting in the first place GOOD ROOTS. If you are looking for choice home-grown, hardy trees and plants especially adapted to the Pa- cific Northwest send for OUR 46-PAGE CATALOG We make a specialty of perfectly rooted nursery stock, and every tree we ship to you is guaranteed by us to be true to name. We sell every variety of fruit and ornamental trees, berry plants, shrubs, vines, perennial plants, roses, etc.. whole- sale and retail. RICHLAND NURSERY CO., INC. Breithaupt Brothers & James Proprietors RIGHLAND .WASH IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 87 per box.” I examined them on arrival and got them passed by the customs officials immediately on dischargement, and thereupon lifted by con- 18] [Cc ar S tractors for Messrs. Simons, Jacobs & Co.’s stores. The fruit landed in good order, and I saw only two peaches in the number of boxes I happened to see at the docks and in Messrs. Simons, Jacobs om an & Co.’s store when offered for sale showing slight touch of waste. Both varieties made the same price and were in equal condition. OREGON FRUIT LANDS Regarding second Glasgow shipment, 177 cases Elbertas, shipped from Mon- Plymouth Building, Suite 714 treal September 17, landed at Glasgow September 26, Mr. James A. Findlay, Glasgow, under date of October 7, 1910, wrote: I regret the price is lower than last week; one MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA This orchard tract adjoins the town of Yoncalla Oregon which is situated item which is certainly affecting the price secured , ’ for your consignment to Glasgow is that Liver- on the main line of the Southern and London are sending down small consignments : to a few firms in the Bazaar, who are naturally Pacific Railway No better land in the pushing the sale with their own customers and are 3 ‘ not committing themselves any further by buying West This tract of orchard land is those sent here direct. A fair test of the markets can only be secured by each distributing center being subdivided and sold in 5 and depending on its own district. I did not cable the prices ot the peaches on usd ay as little or none 3 were sold, and at the moment of writing there are Io-acre tracts. still a few crates to sell. The firm condition of For further information write the peaches on arrival and when on offer tells against the sale, but buyers, as they become acquainted with the mature peach, will give greater support to consignments. The condition of the fruit was very satisfactory in both styles of pack- HE Y ing, though the package of twenty peaches, show- ing each peach surrounded with wood wool, looks 14; 3 . s best, but one or two retailers whom J have spoken Plymouth Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota with on the matter prefer as little packing as possible. These trial shipments have demon- ; strated that Canadian peaches can be For several years we have been supplying most of the nursery stock gejivereq in Great Britain in Pood planted in the famous Wenatchee district. Our business has grown to ketable condition, provided proper care one of the largest in the Northwest and we have gained a reputation of ‘S ¢xercised in perparing them for ship- : ment; that only peaches of good quality, which we are proud. of large size and with a touch of color Experience has taught us how to grow the Cleanest, Healthiest, Best- should be shipped; that every detail of 5 packing must be attended to with scrupu- Rooted Trees in the World. lous care; that if peaches can be pre- Our line is large and complete. Over two million trees sold last year. cooled before shipping they may be picked Our customers get what they order. _ in a more mature condition, which would : ; add to their flavor, size and appearance; Send in your list, whether large or small. hare clifornem® Isr ase facie fa a qelll COLUMBIA AND OKANOGAN NURSERY COMPANY iced and properly loaded refrigerator car : : is better than by express; that in the Wholesale and Retail Wenatchee, Washington ocean steamers any temperature between ¢¢ S I M PLEX Dy) | White Lead on the Farm For Houses ——. a ! x [| Paint your house when it needs net ¥ SS. it and use the best paint—that —- is the whole story of paint econ- 3 2 4 omy. The longer you put Are the exclusive choice of dairymen off painting the more paint : =~ _—-¢ who know. The reason is clear. They _3\ si Toe required. Paint separate double the amount of any : 66 0 99 other inthe same time—with the same Dutch Boy Painter labor. The same amount with half E AN Pure White Lead the time and labor. The link blade Ny i and pure linseed oil is the P 5 ! fy most economical paint in device is the secret. Time and labor the world because it is the : : most durable. It holds to saved means money made. Write for 7 Fae wel eawan niles nd booklet. Use a cooler. Milk and protects the surface per- 9 9 iii. ii fectly against the attacks cream will keep three to four times f of the weather, as long. Booklet free. A Simplex i f Our Free Painting Helps Gas Engine does work of a dozen = : We wil] send you free on request Bs color schemes and miscellaneous paint- men. Booklet free. ing instructions that you will find of real practical value. Ask for Helps 630 Monroe & Crisell i a NATIONAL LEAD CO. New York Cleveland Chicago &t. Louis M-145 Front Street We Boston Buffalo Cincinnati San Francisco (John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philade!nhia) Agiue (National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburgh) PORTLAND, OREGON 4 el Soe WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page &8 35 and 40 degrees will carry the peaches safely if they have been delivered to the steamship in right condition; that it is important to have the temperature grad- ually raised to about 55 degrees during the last thirty-six hours the fruit is in the ship’s refrigerator, so that when it is landed there will be no condensation of moisture from the warmer outside air; that it would be an advantage if during the next few years all the Canadian peaches shipped could be sold by one broker in each of the principal markets so that undue competition might be avoided; that only a comparatively small quantity of our peaches can be disposed of in Great Britain at the prices realized for our shipments the past season, and that if our growers desire an outlet for a considerable quantity a much lower price will have to be accepted, and, finally, that the number of growers who are in a position to successfully cater to this export trade is limited, and that if it is gone into by the average grower or shipper, following the average slipshod methods, nothing but disaster may be anticipated. IRRIGATE YOUR ORCHARD or fruit patch without expense or bother of pumping. Use an automatic RIFE RAM Costs little to install—nothing to operate. Raises water 30 feet for every foot of fall. Land lying above canal or stream supplied with water. Pumps automatically day and night, winter and summer. Fully guaranteed. If there is a stream, pond or spring within a mile write for plans, book and trial offer, free. | RIFE ENGINE CO. \ 2525 Trinity Building New York CREST SPRAY A Heavy Miscible Oil for Orchards and Gardens An Effective EXTERMINATOR of all Insect Life, Germs and Vermin We Guarantee Results CREST SPRAY is the result of scientific and prac- tical experiments by the best phytopathologists and chemists. Analysis: Tar and kindred products, Nauhthal, Pyroligneous Acid, Douglas Fir Oil, Phenols, Creosote, Turpentine, Resin, Sulphur and Soda. DIFFERS FROM OTHER SPRAYS Crest Spray is a soluble or miscible oil and mixes readily with water. It remains in solution, forming an emulsion. It is non-poisonous and harmless to operator. It requires no boiling or preparation like the Lime-Sulphur. Its use is a saving of time and money. Home-made Lime-Sulphur costs from 1% to 2 cents per gallon. Crest Spray costs from 1% to 3 cents per gallon. A gallon of Crest Spray has a covering power almost twice as great as Lime- Sulphur, reducing the most nearly one-half. Scientific, Effective, Convenient, Economical Barrels, 25 or 50 gallons, per gallon . $1.25 Five-gallon cans, per gallon 11,835) One-gallon cans, per gallon : 1.50 Half-gallon cans, each 5 : : -90 Quart cans, each : : 3 5 6 -50 Pint cans, each . 4 : is .30 Testimonials sent on application CREST CHEMICAL CO. 84 BELL STREET SIOMIMMEIS, OW, So Ae BETTER FRUIT September Hood River Valley Nursery Company Route No. 3, Box 227 HOOD RIVER, OREGON Phone 325X Will have for spring delivery a choice lot of one-year-old budded apple trees on three-year-old roots, the very best yearlings possible to grow. Standard varieties from best selected Hood River bearing trees— Spitzenbergs, Yellow Newtowns, Ortleys, Arkansas Blacks, Gravensteins, Baldwins and Jonathans. All trees guaranteed first-class and true to name. Start your orchards right with budded trees from our nursery, four miles southwest from Hood River Station. WILLIAM ENSCHEDE, Nurseryman H. S. BUTTERFIELD, President APPLES PEACHES PEARS In Car Lots THE HUMPHREYS COMMISSION CO. STRAWBERRIES JOHN M. WALKER, President Wholesale Fruits and Produce 1516 to 1522 Market Street, Denver, Colo. Denver is a Good Market CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS BOX APPLES THINGS WE ARE AGENTS FOR KNOX HATS ALFRED BENJAMIN & CO’S CLOTHING DR. JAEGER UNDERWEAR DR. DEIMEL LINEN MESH UNDERWEAR DENT’S and FOWNES’ GLOVES Buffum & Pendleton 311 Morrison St., Portland, Oregon Box Pears Box Peaches Largest handlers of box fruit in this territory. Best modern storage facili- ties. Reliable market reports. Top Prices Prompt Returns E. H. SHAFER & CO. 212 Coleman Building Louisville, Kentucky We will ship you a “RANGER” BICYCLE on approval, freight mt deposit in advance, and If it does not suit you in cycle than you can get do not wish to keep it, \ \ Wal Shipping Associations and individual erowers find safety and sincere coopera- tion in 28 principal distributing markets of the U. S. by dealing with members of National League of Commission Merchants 387 Merchant Members whose financial responsibility, personal integrity and moral standing, commend them to ship- pers everywhere. FREE DIRECTORY Membership List, copies of the Teague Bulletin ond eee cific information sent promptly on reque: R. S. FRENCH, Business Mgr., NO. 204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK. TECTION FOR SHIPPERS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 89 Cable Address: Bilberries A. B. C. Code, 5th Edition H. OLFF & SOHN HAMBURG, GERMANY Fruit Merchants and Commission Agents SPECIALTIES: American Apples AND West Indian Bananas Our new office building, as shown by the pic- ture on the side, is located right opposite the new Central Fruit and Vegetable Market and equipped with all modern accommodations. WE WANT To TALK BUSINESS WITH EVERY SHIPPER OF mre LES PEACHES PLAS California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Nevada IN WRITE US TO-DAY, stating varieties, quantity and probable quality of fruit you expect to ship. Look up our standing; ask “Better Fruit’? or your bank ROBT. T. COCHRAN & CO. “Ki's3ae WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 90 BETTER FRUIT September STEINHARDT & KELLY 101 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK THE MOST EXTENSIVE OPERATORS IN HIGH CLASS FRUITS IN THE WORLD HE Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly take great pleasure in advising the fruit growers of the Northwest that a member of the firm will as usual make his annual trip to the Coast sometime dur- ing the latter part of August and the early part of September, for the purpose of acquiring, both by the outright purchase or such other method as agreeable to the growers, the large amount of reserve stock in all varities of fruit which their business demands. Particularly do the Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly wish to draw the attention of the growers to their prac- tically unlimited outlet for fancy fruit and to their sincere belief in their ability to handle and dispose of the crops of the most extensive districts at prevailing market rates with celerity and dispatch. q@ The Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly might also incidentally mention that they have completed arrangements giving them cold storage space for several hundred carloads in the very best cold storage warehouses in the East and Middle West. q@ All correspondence will get the prompt personal attenton of a member of the firm IQII Oregon Agricultural College The Oregon Agricultural College is eminent among the educational institu- tions of the West. It is notable because it serves the people, by and for whom it was established. Dignifies the Industries The farmer, the engineer, the mechanic, the business man, the housewife, the day laborer—these are its clients. Its business is the business of the common people—to aid, to inspire, to elevate, to quicken to new life the fundamental industries.of a great and growing com- mon wealth. DEGREE COURSES A griculture—including major work in Agronomy, Animal Husbandry, Agri- cultural Chemistry, Bacteriology, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Horticulture, Poultry Husbandry, Veterinary Sci- ence; Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Domestic Science and Art, Forestry, Commerce, and Pharmacy. OTHER COURSES Secondary, winter and summer short courses in Agriculture, Domestic Sci- ence and Art, Forestry, Commerce, and Mechanical Arts; Music, Voice, Piano, Stringed and Band Instruments. Strong faculty. Modern equipment. Twenty-five buildings; 1,800 students. College opens September 22. Catalog and illustrated literature free on appli- cation. Address Registrar Oregon Agricultural College Corvallis, Oregon The Campbell System INSURES your crop against DROUTH. Our experience in 1910 and 1911 has proven that good crops can be grown with less than eighteen inches of rain- fall. Those who followed the Camp- bell System in 1910 have a crop in 1911. DON’T TAKE ANY RISKS FOR 1912 Campbell’s publications explain the system. Campbell’s Soil Culture Manual . $2.50 Campbell’s Scientific Farmer . . $1.00 Combination Price . . .. . . $3.00 Address CAMPBELL SOIL CULTURE CO. Lincoln, Nebraska When you write ask about the Camp- bell Correspondence School. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT APPLE Page ol PHOTO AUGUST 9, 1911 E reproduce herewith a photo of a field of apple seedlings in the Washington Nursery Company’s sixty- acre seedling plant at Toppenish, Wash- ington. This picture is of unusual inter- est to nurserymen, for it marks the. per- manent establishment in the Northwest of a business which is of vital importance to the nurseryman from the standpoint of convenience, but is of equal importance to his customers, whom he is trying to serve. Heretofore practically every seed- ling used in the large nursery plants of the Northwest has come either from the big seedling center at Topeka, Kansas, or from France or Holland, where most of the foreign stocks are grown. In either case the money goes away from the. Northwest, and in the latter case goes abroad for a product inferior to our own. The Topeka-grown seedlings have generally been preferred by North- western mnurserymen, but there~ has always been an aggravating delay in get- ting them on hand in time for an early start on the winter’s grafting, besides which of late years there has been the constant fight against the wooly aphis, which in long-cultivated tree ground is a perennial pest. The newly-cultivated lands of the Yakima Indian Reservation, where the Washington Nursery Company seedlings, are ideal in this respect, and the mnurserymen are welcoming the raises opportunity of buying a clean, first- quality product at home, while the planter who buys trees, propagated on clean, home-grown stock is assured of thrifty, healthy trees, free from the troublesome aphis. The Washington people inform us that they have for eight years been experimenting with more or less quantities of French and American apple seed, and that their experience thus far convinced that the has them French crab seed produces better roots and that the volcanic ash soil and silt of the Yakima Reservation is even superior to the famous loam of the Kaw River bottom in Kansas. It has cost a good deal of money, so they say, for experimental work, but for the past three years they have made a success, and they have now entered the field as com- mercial seedling growers. This year they planted ninety bushels of French crab seed and have a magnificent stand of splendid seedlings, which will grade principally number ones for grafting purposes. They state they already have orders booked for 1,660,000 and that the apparent shortage of larger grades in the Eastern plants indicate an early clean-up of their remaining surplus. The Eastern plants have this year suffered severely from drought, which will doubt- result in a larger percentage of small grades than usual. The Washing- ton people, with their plant on irrigated land, have a sure thing in this respect, for with moisture under control, it is possible to keep the seedling growing every minute of the long, warm summer, and that means the larger grades sure and certain, which is the constant aim of the seedling grower. z less Do You Want a Home in the “BEAUTIFUL OZARKS” of Missouri In the Famous Strawberry Land Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, raspberries, etc., all grow excellently. Ideal location for dairy and poultry business. We offer for sale 60,000 acres of land in 40-acre tracts or more, cheap and on easy terms. Located in Stone and McDonald Counties. For further information address McDonald Land & Mining Co. Rooms 301-2 Miner’s Bank Bldg. Joseph C. Watkins, Manager JOPLIN, MISSOURI Page 92 BETTER FRUIT Quick Deliveries at Low Cost ITH an International auto wagon you can deiiver fruit and prod- uce to your shipping-point in one-third the time and at less cost than you could with a horse-drawn vehicle. Besides, you know from experience that during hot weather these trips are tiresome and hard on the horses. An INTERNATIONAL AUTO WAGON will bring your shipping-point to your very door-step. Youcan get your products to the station quickly, and they will arrive at destination in better condition—as a result will command higher prices. Another point—if you are disposing of your products at home you don’t have to depend on the nearest market—you can go where prices are highest. The International Auto Wagon is the most practical and dependable car on the market. It is sold at a price that is consistent with high grade material and the best workmanship. It can be used summer and winter—rain or shine—it never tires, and does not eat its head off when not in use. We have letters from business men in all parts of the country, giving actual figures of the saving accomplished by replacing the old-fashioned equipment with International Auto Wagons. What they have done you can do. Write and tell us the conditions you have to contend with and we will estimate the saving the International auto wagon will make for you. INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA 115 Harvester Building, (Incorporated) Chicago USA Faculty Stronger Than Ever Results Better Than Ever More Progressive Than Ever Attendance Larger Than Ever ATTEND THE)iBEST | Business College PORTLAND, OREGON PASTE FOR LABELING ex3h?,okber added to cold water, instantly makes a beautiful, smooth, white paste. Ready for immediate use at a cost -|of ten cents a gallon. No labor. = No muss. No spoiled paste. Paste Specialists Robinson Chemical Works 349-351 Eighth Street San Francisco, California WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT September Perfect Light and Reliable Service is Given by Our COMPLETE ELECTRIC LIGHT OUTFITS 8, 15 and 30 Lamps. Combination Dynamo- Storage Battery Type for the electric lighting of ranches, coun- try homes, stables and factories. Make Your Own Electricity Pure White 16-Candle-Power Light With this system you generate elec- tric current by the means of a small gasoline engine driving a dynamo or generator at any convenient time. The current is run into a storage bat- tery so you can have light anytime by turning on a switch. Charging of the storage battery is done once or twice a week, or whenever the en- gine is being run for other work. No skilled electrician needed to install or runit. Automatic switchboard. Guaranteed. Inexpensive—first cost as well as upkeep. Very simple, perfectly safe, takes up very little room- Investigate this system. Send For Booklet A Reynolds Electric Co. Gas Engines, Motors, Genera- tors, Pumping Plants 522 First Pedigree Trees HE Ballygreen System of selection and certifi- cation makes it possible for planters to secure clean, hardy nursery stock of proven quality and pedigree, propagated from the finest trees in the famous fruit valleys of the West. Selected strains from the best prize-winning or- orchards, certified under affidavit, is fruit insur- ance to growers. Our trees have the well- balanced roots and tops that skilled horticulturists aim to secure. We grow exclusively, and offer to planters, selected trees of certified pedi- gree. Ballygreen Nurseries Hanford, Washington Write for Price and Pedigree Book BETTER FRUIT Page 93 oe satG| | THE TOOL that SAVES a TOOL IQII You can place the latest model, genuine Domes- tic, the Walclozmbizeld queen of all sewing machines,in your home, 8 use it continually while paying $2 a month, and en- joy a very special price iW/direct to you or from our nearest patsy agency. A magnificent machine--a stupendous offer. We Will Take Your Old Machine 3ou,vh Why buy two tools when one will do two kinds of work and do it better and easier? Clark’s | original “Cutaway” Harrow can be used asa field } harrow and its extension head frame converts it into an orchard harrow. Drawn by two medium | horses and will cut 28 to 30 acres or double cut 15 acres in a day. The genuine “Cutaway” disk slices, stirs, lifts, twists and aerates the soil. Working the soil this way lets in the air, sunshine | and new life and kills foul vegetation. Thorough What Prof. Bailey Says “The Double Ac- tion ‘Cutaway’ Harrow has been satisfactory. I use = liberal allowance on a splendid new it almost continu- euluvation makes large crops. Rouccesstul farm- | Ge Y ff . Domestic. And you can sti clad: 1 ir hard ers, orchardists, gardeners an lanters tage of th 1 d OM O2 O! , DEUS saa! rs and p Tere ea cumamaaee noe oe clay land with good | know that intensive cultivation is profit- ee able when done properly. Clark’s ‘Cutaway’ tools are used and endorsed by satisfied users through- Tesults.”’ DOMESTIC The perfect sewing machine that has always led all other makes and is today better than ever. Two machines in one--lock stitch and chain stitch. Straight drop- head, high arm, ball bearing. A complete set of attachments every one practical, etc., made for every-day use. The Domesticis arevelation of modern sewing machine progress. Find out aboutit. SEND FOR BOOK, FREE, The Truth About Sewing Machines,’’ telling you how you can have the finest sewing mach- ine made at a Special Low Price and at ONLY $2a month. Learn why we sell direct where we have no agent and give youa 25 YSAR GUARANTEE, Get the facts before you buy any machine- This Free Literature will save you money. Send for it NOW. Domestic Sewing Machine Co., 48 Jackson Blvd., Dept, 44+ Chicago. Mills College NEAR OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA The only Woman’s College on the Pacific Coast. Chart- ered 1885. Ideal climate. Entrance and graduation re- quirements equivalentto those of Standford and University of California. Well equipped laboratories. Grounds com- prise one hundred and fifty acres. Special care for health, out- door life. Pres. Luella Clay Carson, A. M., Litt. D., LL. D. Yor catalogue address Secretary, Mills College P. O., Calif out this entire country. Also in several foreign countries. Why? Because they decrease labor and increase crops. Our disks are g,., made ofcutlerystcel Fo. shaped and sharpen- yj apoy ed in our own shops Crops and are the only Money enuine “Cutaway” isks. Beware of imitations and infringements. We make A tool for every crop. If your dealer can’t supply the genu- ine‘‘Cutaway,” write us your needs.Satisfaction guaranteed. Prompt shipments. Send a pos- tal today for our new catalogue ‘“‘Intensive j Cultivation.” It’s Free. ee ag "Send today — for this Free Book Original “Cutaway” CUTAWAY HARROW CO., 940 MAIN STREET, HIGGANUM, CONN. Mitchell, Lewis & Staver Co., Western Agents, Portland, Oregon NORTHWEST GROWERS’ UNIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS E publish free in this column the name of any fruit growers’ organ- ization. Secretaries are requested to furnish particulars for publication. Oregon Eugene Fruit Growers’ Association, Eugene; Ashland Fruit and Produce Association, Ashland; Hood River Fruit Growers’ Union, Hood River; Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, Hood River; Grand Ronde Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, La Grande; Milton Fruit Growers’ Union, Milton; Douglas County Fruit Growers’ Association, Rose- burg; Willamette Valley Prune Association, Salem; Mosier Fruit Growers’ Association, Mosier; The Dalles Fruit Growers’ Union, The Dalles; Salem Fruit Union, Salem; Albany Fruit Growers’ Union, Albany; Coos Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Marshfield; Estacada Fruit Growers’ Association, Estacada; Umpqua Valley Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Roseburg; Hyland Fruit Growers of Yamhill County, Sheridan; Newburg Apple Grow- ers’ Association, Newberg; Dufur Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Dufur; McMinnville Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, McMinnville; Coquille Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Myrtle Point; Stanfield Fruit Growers’ Association, Stanfield; Oregon City Fruit and Produce Association, Oregon City; Lin- coln County Fruit Growers’ Union, Toledo; Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association, Medford; Mount Hood Fruit Growers’ Association, Sandy; Northeast Gaston Farmers’ Association, Forest Grove; Dallas Fruit Growers’ Association, Dallas; Northwest Fruit Exchange, Portland; Springbrook Fruit Growers’ Union, Springbrook; Cove Fruit Growers’ Association, Cove; Santiam Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Lebanon; Washington County Fruit Growers’ Association, Hillsboro; Benton County Fruit Growers’ Association, Corvallis. Washington Kennewick Fruit Growers’ Association, Kenne- wick; Wenatchee Fruit Growers’ Union, Wenat- chee; Puyallup and Sumner Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Puyallup; Vashon Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Vashon; Mt. Vernon Fruit Growers’ Association, Mt. Vernon; White Salmon Fruit Growers’ Union, White Salmon; Thurston County Fruit Growers’ Union, Tumwater; Bay Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Tacoma; Yakima Valley Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Granger; Buckley Fruit Growers’ Association, Buckley; Lewis River Fruit Growers’ Union, Woodland; Yakima County Horticultural Union, North Yakima; Evergreen Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, R8, Spokane; White River Valley Fruit and Berry Growers’ Association, Kent; Spokane Highland Fruit Growers’ Association, Shannon; Lake Chelan Fruit Growers’ Association, Chelan; Zillah Fruit Growers’ Association, Toppenish; Kiona Fruit Growers’ Union, Kiona; Mason County Fruit Growers’ Association, Shelton; Clarkston Fruit Growers’ Association, Clarkston; Prosser Fruit Growers’ Association, Prosser; Walla Walla Fruit and Vegetable Union, Walla Walla; The Ridgefield Fruit Growers’ Association, Ridgefield; The Felida Prune Growers’ Associa- tion, Vancouver; Grand View Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Grandview; Spokane Valley Fruit Growers’ Company, Spokane; Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, North Yakima; Southwest Washington Fruit Growers’ Association, Chehalis; The Touchet Valley Fruit and Produce Union, Dayton; Lewis County Fruit Growers’ Association, Centralia; The Green Bluffs Fruit Growers’ Association, Mead; Garfield Fruit Growers’ Union, Garfield; Golden- dale Fruit and Produce Association, Goldendale; Spokane Inland Fruit Growers’ Association, Keis- ling; Elma Fruit and Produce Association, Elma; Granger Fruit Growers’ Association, Granger; Cashmere Fruit Growers’ Union, Cashmere; Stev- ens County Fruit Growers’ Union, Myers Falls; Dryden Fruit Growers’ Union, Dryden; White Salmon Valley Apple Growers’ Union, Underwood. Idaho Southern Idaho Fruit Shippers’ Association, Boise; New Plymouth Fruit Growers’ Association, New Plymouth; Payette Valley Apple Growers’ Union, Payette; Parma-Roswell Fruit Growers’ Association, Parma; Weiser Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Weiser; Council Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Council; Nampa Fruit Growers’ Association, Nampa; Lewiston Orchard Producers’ Association, Lewiston; Boise Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Boise; Caldwell Fruit Growers’ Association, Caldwell; Emmett Fruit Growers’ Association, Emmett; Twin Falls Fruit Growers’ Association, Twin Falls; Weiser River Fruit Growers’ Association, Weiser; Fruit Growers’ Association, Moscow. Colorado San Juan Fruit and Produce Growers’ Asso- ciation, Durango; Fremont County Fruit Growers’ Association, Canon City; Rocky Ford Melon Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Plateau and Debeque Fruit, Honey and Produce Association, Debeque; The Producers’ Association, Debeque; Surface Creek Fruit Growers’ Association, Austin; Longmont Produce Exchange, Longmont; Manza- nola Fruit Association, Manzanola; Delta County Fruit Growers’ Association, Delta; Boulder County Fruit Growers’ Association, Boulder; Fort Collins Beet Growers’ Association, Fort Collins; La Junta Melon and Produce Company, La Junta; Rifle Fruit and Produce Association, Rifle; North Fork Fruit Growers’ Association, Paonia; Fruita Fruit and Produce Association, Fruita; Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, Clifton, Palisade, Grand Junction; Palisade Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Palisade; Peach Growers’ Association, Pal- WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT isade; Colorado Fruit and Commercial Company, Grand Junction; Montrose Fruit and Produce Association, Montrose; Hotchkiss Fruit Growers’ Association, Hotchkiss; Paonia Fruit Exchange, Paonia; Colorado Fruit Growers’ Association, Delta; Crawford Fruit Growers’ Association, Craw- ford; Amity Cantaloupe Growers’ Association, Amity; Pent County Melon Growers’ Association, Las Animas; Capitol Hill Melon Growers’ Associa- tion, Rocky Ford; Denver Fruit and Vegetable Association, Denver; Fair Mount Melon Growers’ Association, Swink; Fowler Melon Growers’ Asso- ciation, Fowler; Granada Melon Growers’ Associa- tion, Granada; Grand Valley Fruit and Produce Association, Grand Junction; Independent Fruit Growers’ Association, Grand Junction; Kouns Party Cantaloupe Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Lamar Melon Growers’ Association, Lamar; Loveland Fruit Growers’ Association, Loveland; Manzanola Orchard Association, Manzanola; New- dale Melon Growers’ Association, Swink; Roaring Fork Potato Growers’ Association, Carbondale; Woods Melon Growers’ Association, Las Animas. Montana Bitter Root Fruit Growers’ Association, Hamil- ton; Missoula Fruit and Produce Association, Missoula. Utah Farmers and Fruit Growers’ Forwarding Asso- ciation, Centerville; Ogden Fruit Growers’ Asso- ciation, Ogden; Brigham City Fruit Growers’ Asgo- ciation, Brigham City; Utah County Fruit & Produce Association, Provo; Willard Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Willard; Excelsior Fruit & Prod- uce Association, Clearfield (Postoffice Layton R. . D.); Centerville Fruit Growers’ Association, Centerville; Bear River Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Bear River City; Springville Fruit Growers’ Association, Springville; Cache Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Wellsville; Green River Fruit Growers’ Association, Green River. New Mexico San Juan Fruit and Produce Association, Farm- ington. British Columbia British Columbia Fruit Growers’ Association, Victoria; Victoria Fruit Growers’ Exchange, Vic- toria; Hammond Fruit Growers’ Union, Hammond; Hatzic Fruit Growers’ Association, Hatzic; West- ern Fruit Growers’ Association, Mission; Mission Fruit Growers’ Association, Mission; Salmon Arm Farmers’ Exchange, Salmon Arm; Armstrong Fruit Growers’ Association, Armstrong; Okanogan Fruit Union, Limited, Vernon; Kelowna Farmers’ Ex- change, Limited, Kelowna; Summerland Fruit Growers’ Association, Summerland; Kootenay Fruit Growers’ Union, Limited, Nelson; Grand Forks Fruit Growers’ Association, Grand Forks; Boswell- Kootenay Lake Union, Boswell; Queens Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Queens Bay; Kaslo Horticul- tural Association, Kaslo; Creston Fruit and Pro- duce Exchange, Creston. BETTER FRUIT September Page 94 | Now We've Got It . A Potato Digger Worth While The Standard Elevator Potato Harvester Does the Work of 20 Men and Does it Better being elevated to the highest point, are delivered to a rear For a long time we have been wanting to offer our custom- ers and other farmers in the Pacific Northwest, a potato digger that would prove highly satisfactory in every respect. Until such time as we could supply one of this excellence we preferred to offer none at all. A good potato harvester is a money maker for the farmer. And we are delighted to be able to offer so excellent an article and keen to have our customers reap the profits that result in a tremendous saving in time, labor and money. This is How the Standard Operates The shovel enters the hill deep enough to get every potato. The shovel is slightly concaved. It breaks the outside’ of the hill and turns it toward the center of the shovel. The elevator is a sort of apron—an endless belt of linked steel rods. The motion of the apron loosens the dirt from the potatoes. The dirt falls through the spaces between the steel rods of the apron, to the ground. The potatoes, after apron which shakes off the last particle of dirt. The pota- toes are finally delivered on the ground at the rear of the digger in a narrow row. They are all there—every one— clean—none cut or bruised—easily picked up. Two levers control the entire machine. It is very easily guided and can be turned in a short space. The Standard Potato Harvester has high drive wheels, perfect traction, extremely light draft. Also a perfect Combination Evener for two, three or four horses. Direct center draft and each horse walks between the rows. Made of A No. 1 First Class material throughout. We can supply only a limited number this season. We want every one of our customers and all other farmers in the Pacific Northwest to know all about this marvel of a potato digger. We have anumber of descriptive booklets with illustrations and numerous testimonials from delighted users. One of these booklets free to every interested farmer—as long as they last. Be sure to get your copy. Send now. R. M. WADE & CO. Portland oa Estabished- Up-to-Date Oregon RHODES DOUBLE CUT THE only Let SAN DOW Run Ii! PRUNING SHEAR runer / pas made that cuts Wonderful Work Engine 5 “Wer from both sides of : the limb and does not bruise the bark. Made in all styles and sizes. We pay Express charges on all orders. White for circular and Farmers and Shop Owners, Stop Sweating! A few dollars gets this grand little work engine, complete and ready to run Cream Separators. Corn Shred- ders, Grist Mills, Feed Mil!s, Dyna- — mos, Printing Presses, etc., ete. R&% Gives a hfetime of steady serv- J ice! All Sizes: 2to20h.p No [ ees cranking! No cams! No gears! 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[eUYyE oY, ‘901) 10d ssoyt 10 Toysng ev jo ase19Av UB ATUO VoNpOAd SUOTJOIVS AUB JCY} “UOTJVULIOJUL STU] AJI.IOA UBD NOA YOTYA WOIJ ‘SOTST}e}]S OY} WO, JUIPTAD oq JSNUI }I So}e}S AOYJO UT ‘9od1} JY} 0} Sfoysng Ud} 0} DATE WOIJ SUN UOTONpOId gseV19AV OY} IIIA SUOTJOIS UTe}109 01 J10Y] OUINSSB O} IJVS SI JI So}e}S DUIOS UL puvB ‘9}B]S DUO AUB UT 991) Jod OS¥.19AB OY} WOT] o}84S B JO Sjied [[e ospnt Apfoynposqe JouUBD UO ‘MON ‘SUT}JOS JY} 0} SuUIPUOdsoa14109 P[PIA UL posvosoUL 9}8]S OY] VY} MOYS JoU Soop JI yNq “UOTUA oY} UT 9}vIS ayJO AUB UBY} GGO8P UL soot, afdde oioul pey Tinosstfy ‘Sojeys UtojsoMYION oy} YA poteduroo “OTGT 0} 9NG] Woay [RUS APOATFeIeVdUIOD UV SLY VIUAOJI[ED UL SUTJOS oJ, ‘UOJSUTYSEAA pue BEER) SB OWL} 9UIBS OY] JNOGe ABA PosBoIOUL UB UL SUT}JOS PoouDdU -W0D OYBP]T “UOJSUTYSVA\ IO UOSIIOQ JIY}IO ULY] Aol[Avo [IIT B APOATSU}XO SuUT}JOS UBSIG OPBLO[OT “P[GL UL P[O SavoA UAVS ATUO OG P[NOAL ENGI UL JOS $90.14 oY) Se “OTGT leo 94} [Wun AyQuenb oy} poyooye AT[VI19}VU JOU PeY o}Jep 0} ENGL Woay SuTyos oY} puv ‘oyep 0} ENGL Wolf SUTJOS VY} YIM poseduroo sv [BUS SVM ENG, 1V9A OY} 01 SNOTAVId SUI}JOS JY] UOJSUTYSeA\ puUe UOSIIQ UT ‘9}B}SsS OUO AUB UT 994) JOd OSe10AL [BNpoR oY} 9}VUIT]SO 0} o[qISsodu st JI snsuad YTGL 94} 0} SuTpszo0sov 9}e}S Yowod ur S901} JO LOQUINU [BNW OY} SUTAOYS I[GV[IVAK o1B SOT]Se]S OY] [YUN pue ‘UOTONpoad Pesva1oUT UB TOF JUNOIOK ABUT So}e]S DULOS UL SSUT}JOS PosBd1OUT JV] Pe eee aq JSNU JI ‘SIOADMOFL “UOTJOOS SuTONpoid-o[dde uv se 914s Iepnoyaed JU] UIA SUOIA ST SUTYJOUIOS JVY} UOTSN[OUOD OY} SUTMCIP UL payysnl oq pfnOM oUO ey} SUVS }I 209,300 30,525 Raspberriesse eee eee 5,365 585 Strawberries: Sutae. seecce 4,960 820 Othersinuits! eee eee eee 272 1,053 Wotalicasesime ee eeeree 4,227,248 507,415 Grand totals) eee 4,734,663 7,379 62,600 3 70,550 563,660 100,450 554,530 198,630 225625 27,330 26,425 35,600 110,250 7,450 123,240 13,050 16,700 1,375 18,110 1,510 51,640 4,520 33,410 5,875 20,105 4,365 39,285 6,360 3,204 808 6,977 5,662 aonon9 14 oo0050 1 466,530 34,910 568,125 51,230 401,800 145,375 553,000 195,825 719,729 109,260 1,233,200 163,425 75,450 13,975 65,550 14,810 3,379 215 9,335 791 9,690 890 133225 848 700 635 2,250 1,400 2,532,829 514,172 3,242,942 765,607 3,047,001 4,008,549 IQII While the above table gives but 2,153 carloads as the total shipments of apples from the state for the year 1910, the secretary of the Watsonville Com- mercial League places the shipments from Pajaro Valley at 4,000 carloads. Nearly all kinds of deciduous fruits are dried for the market, but prunes, peaches and apricots are the most important. The dried output of all, except figs, varies largely according to the season, the demand of the Eastern market for fresh fruit and the prices offered by the canners. (See Table A.) Of dried fruits, prunes come next in importance to raisins. Prunes are grown in many counties throughout the state; the largest center of this industry is the Santa Clara Valley. A good many prunes are grown in the San Joaquin and Sacramento Valleys, and also in Contra Costa and Sonoma Counties. The output varies largely in different years. The most reliable fig- ures place the output for 1910 at 45,000 tons, or half the production of 1906. California prune output, 1897-1910: Year Tons | Year Tons BLS Siete or iets es ASIA) || IQs ond oo coe 67,500 TIGR S oo an oleae AS PAD) || INI. 6 oacs0s058 37,500 SO 9 eeete res ser cuscs ADK || MODs oscocaoaod 90,000 TIT Vals eee 37,000 UNS erento ae 40,000 NG Oley Rie cise: = 405800 |/1908%- 5.55... 25.000 IOP Sie cate eemee QS AO) | IDO. sccocessse 77,500 ISIE stereo mieeereeee CERN || WOU. caboocsone 45,000 The accompanying exhibit is of some interest in this connection as showing the trend of trade in dried fruits. (See Table B.) The quantity of fruit which is exported depends to a certain extent on the size of the crop. For example, the prune crop for 1910 is estimated at about 74,000,000 pounds, as compared with 150,000,000 the previous year, which was one of the largest on record. The apricot crop also varies greatly. The canning of fruit and vegetables is an important industry in California, and the yearly output of canned goods is very large. The aggregate number of cases of all kinds of fruit and ber- ries canned in 1909 was nearly a mil- lion and three-quarter cases less than in 1908, but was larger than for any previous year. The demand for fresh fruit at home and for shipping takes a large quantity of fruit that would otherwise go to the canner. The accompanying exhibit, by cour- tesy of the “California Fruit Grower,” is made of the various kinds of fruit canned in 1908, 1909 and 1910. (See Table B.) It is given by same authority that the aggregate amount of canned fruit and berries for 1910 amounted to 4,058,549 cases. The following table shows the pro- duction of canned fruits during the last ten years Year Cases Year Cases TIGL Biever eects 2,677,082 | 1906 ........ 3,109,225 NS Dele reie o orcts 2,252,790 | 1907 2,982,985 TONG} Serco ore 2,783,504 | 1908 4,734,663 OE esc ecole 2,840,614 | 1909 .. 3,047,001 MOOD hea ccseare 3,283,296 | 1910 4,008,549 California is easily the most impor- tant factor in viticulture in the United States, and grape culture is one of the most widespread industries in the state, 342,519 acres, according to the State Board of Equalization, being devoted BOI Bley LOE) to the industry, of which 160,573 acres are 1n wine grapes, 128,217 acres in raisin grapes and 53,729 acres in table grapes, which is being increased every year, especially of table grapes. All varieties of the European grapes are included, besides many California developments therefrom. The annual value of the grape product, including table grapes, dried grapes and raisins, and wine and brandy, aggregates over $25,000,000. The Shipanents of table grapes out of the state by rail for 1910 amounted to 4,948 carloads. The cen- ter of the raisin industry is in Fresno County, although raisins are produced in other parts of the state. The crop varies from year to year, as the appended table shows; that for 1910 exceeds the average of the six preced- ing years. California raisin crop for fourteen years Year Tons | Year Tons I) Asey sito ioe 462852019 Ameen ice 37,500 Tee slerortiaatais 40,365 | LOO Dey ee eras 13,750 AB 9 OU an teases 35,784 LOO GR icesyeps cn eee 47,500 eID 0 OR ener baci ACU || INN oo o6 occu as 60,000 UD ssodaovesss BIAS | WONG oocccoccse 60,000 19 Oar e ae 54,375 | IDO. ococcccvac 70,000 TIO Se eects COSCO OR ONO Meeersre eee 56,000 Following is the raisin product, in pounds, of twelve California counties for 1909: EME SOM Seve ici ne ose AoE eee 83,404,000 PRL A Cie Re atc een wee ae tia 20,000,000 UST VERS IN ae ogi o saota Hate te ean en either ote 18,000,000 S Utter Mee rene Seatac verses ulin ns oun oeemhoon es 4,500,000 San enna. dilro gee ae eae 3,600,000 San Dies ore sx pe nA enone 3,200,000 IMAG eT aeons nae ek ee eee 2,400,000 SUMO): oH persis celia citer cletoreRe en cone are Ce 2,000,000 1 SSSI ga as eset ce ache neat Loreen NET ERO nee 1,100,000 COLUSA renee ite een eee ee 900,000 os rAnigelesi isis cern eee ee 600,000 IV ELS Teh einen ate ce tae el nee 296,000 Mo taliero pies yan eee cree 140,000,000 The above figures show that Fresno County now produces about sixty per cent of the California raisin crop, and nearly twice the quantity produced by Spain, which produces from 15,000 to 30,000 tons and has held the lead for centuries. It was in 1892 that the Cali- fornia raisin crop first equaled that of Spain, and it has been increasing the difference ever since. Fresno County is the center of the seeded raisin industry, where it orig- inated. The following figures show in tons the wonderful increase in this popular form of raisin during the last fourteen years: Year Tons | Year Tons ISOS oocaaacodes TOD || 190835 o6bs306550 18,000 UWS Soooo aeons Sex) | WIN cosegands5 18,000 TIES. ooascno0 66 ZAYOD || IDB > cccooccccs 21,000 US) coscooesac 125000 | 1906222. 2552222 24,000 lose beeaakn.e UZAY || WOW céccoesacc 26,000 Nii banadencas 14,000 | UG. soosceocds 24,000 UO s's'5. 510 6 5 Bie,0 LGW) || IDO. oocccoosye 28,000 The above figures are only approximate. The aggregate wine and brandy pro- duction for 1910, with an excess of 500,000 gallons in case of dry wine and of 500,000 gallons in case of brandy, was more than for 1909, which exceeded all previous years. The pro- duction in 1909 of sweet wine was the greatest in the history of the industry by 2,500,000 gallons, and 1910 kept pace with it. The output of dry wine was well above the normal by near 7,000,000 gallons. The following table shows the product of wine and brandy in gallons for the last fourteen years: Page 25 Year Dry Wines Sweet Wines Brandy UDA cosiaclss 28,736,400 5,197,500 1,442,468 USS oooce50 10,750,000 7,779,000 1,250,000 UE) coco nes 15,103,000 8,330,000 1,699,035 UW) soceonc 16,737,260 6,940,300 3,256,513 WOO -oosc ce 16,473,731 6,270,300 1,688,482 W902 eee) 2852245146) 45835146 1,564,173 UN 356066 21,900,500 12,670,356 1,972,000 AD 04 eer 15,589,342 13,571,856 4,420,839 AD OSE aee: erere 20,000,000 10,700,000 1,250,000 IDO sacdooo 26,000,000 15,000,000 1,345,000 MOXU 5 cee co 27,500,500 15,500,000 1,500,000 1908 . 22,500,000 14,750,000 1,750,000 UIQ) ssocece 7,000,000 18,000,000 2,000,000 INO coccoso 27,500,000 18,000,000 275,00, 000 After 1904 brandy used in fortifying sweet wines was excluded. California wines have a wide and growing market. The railroad ship- ments go mainly to Eastern points, while those by sea go to the four quar- ters of the world. In this connection the following exhibit of exports of wine by sea, taken from the Wine and Spirit Review, is of interest: Gallons Value 1908, to 12 countries..... 4,250,799 $1,657,089 1909, to 23 countries..... 7,440,294 2,386,111 1910, to 26 countries..... 9,866,539 3,162,600 Summary of the values of fruit prod- ucts for 1910 marketed by the producer and for the most part shipped out of the state, compiled from data gathered from the transportation companies and other authoritative sources: Orchard Products Value Fresh deciduous fruits .$15,479,200 Ciinuseiniwitsee eee Oo 002000 Dried fruits, including MINES coocucsboosuD 17,793,000 Canned fruits ......... 10,000,000 Olives and olive oil.... 2,200,000 INSUES iierepeesicieiegescomereuerene te Vineyard Products 3,375,000—$81,637,200 hableysrap essere 4,452,200 Raisins eon 4,640,000 Wine and brandy...... 25,500,000— 34,592,200 MONS Goascccousesoouunocdoen HIG e2P EAU) [Editor’s Note.—Special attention is called to the volume of business done by California in dried fruits and canned fruits, amounting to $27,793,000. This should be sufficient evidence to prove beyond question that Oregon and Washington, Idaho and _ other states in the Northwest are far behind the times in the matter of canning and drying. The Northwest needs can- neries and evaporators, and it needs them badly, and the fact that in Cali- fornia this part of the industry amounts to nearly $28,000,000 certainly should be sufficient evidence. | MBRACING the three Counties of Kittitas, Yakima and Benton, the fruit tree census of this famous section shows up as follows: Total number fruit trees 3,330,726, distributed as fol- lows: Kittitas County, 304,206 trees, 4,129 acres; Yakima County, 2,271,538 trees, 28,750 acres; Benton County, 754,892 trees, 8,461 acres. Total number of trees 3,330,726, divided as follows: Apple, 1,956,680; pear, 499,809; peach, 751,601; miscel- laneous, 132,636. Of the apple trees, the number according to age is as follows: Over six years, 336,554; five years, 106,503; four years, 159,603; three years, 390,- 299; two years, 496,965; one year, 466,766. There are in these counties 127,009 acres irrigable, but not in cultivation, a large portion of which can be put to fruit—From report of Mr. E. F. Ben- son, secretary of state. Page 20 BETTER FRUIT Fruit Tree Statistics of the Famous Yakima Valley From Yakima Herald, August 12, 1911 BROADER idea of the value of the fruit trees in the Yakima Valley was obtained Friday by a conservation with J. H. Robbins, general manager of the Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association. By Yakima Valley is meant all the fruit growing country in the eastern part of Kittitas County, and all of the fruit lands of Yakima and Benton Counties. Mr. Robbins places the number of fruit trees in the above region at 3,500,000, and their value at ten dollars per tree. He acknowledges that the number of trees is probably much greater than he men- tioned, and that their value is much more. Those figures were given merely as a rough basis to show up how valu- able the fruit industry has become in this part of the state, while other statis- tics can easily be obtained to show that it is growing by leaps and bounds. From figures compiled and read at the meeting of the State Horticultural Society held at Prosser last January, the number of fruit trees in the first mentioned region was placed at 3,330,- 726. No person who is well informed will dispute that there were not more trees set out in this region last spring than would swell the number to more than 3,500,000, for the records of the nurseries will verify the additional number. From the foregoing it would appear that Mr. Robbins estimates the value of the fruit trees alone at $35,- 000,000. The number of acres in orchards last January was placed at 41,340, which has been increased to nearly 50,000 acres by this time. Add- ing the value of the land to that of the trees would make a stupendous total. To handle the selling and transporta- tion business of such an immense busi- ness as that of fruit raising on a gigantic scale, such as partially out- lined above, requires a strong com- pany. Right here is where Mr. Rob- bins gave out some information that may be of profit to those who read it, and it may be of interest to many who have never given the subject much thought. The Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association has at the present time fourteen district associations, Broadway having been added within the past few weeks. There are approx- imately four hundred _ horticulturists who are signed up members of their different local associations. The cen- tral body is composed of two dele- gates from each local. There is nothing new or original in the plan of organi- zation. It is trying no experiment on fruit growers. It is based on the unit system, the same as that governing some of the California organizations, which have been in successful opera- tion for more than twenty years. The local organizations thresh out their own problems at home, and no single association can cover whole districts and keep its members in harmony. The orchardists of the Spokane district paid the Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association a compliment last week by resolving to organize along — similar lines. They are to hold another meet- ing today, Saturday, to proceed with their organization. Inasmuch as it will be impossible for them to get into shape to handle their own fruit this year, it is believed that they will turn it over to the association here to sell for them, thus becoming for purposes of protection members of this body during the time that will necessarily elapse while they are getting ready for business. In addition to the members who reside in Washington, the local organization has been asked to handle the crops for fruit growers of both Idaho and Oregon. The Idaho fruit men who have come in will form a district association as soon as they possibly can incorporate, and will then be regular members of the association, the same as though they were located October in the Yakima Valley. One feature of the plan of operating the Yakima Val- ley Fruit Growers’ Association, as emphasized by Manager Robbins, is that the work is divided into depart- ments, the head of each of which is master of the work in that line. C. C. White has charge of the sales, with title of sales manager. J. T. Roman is traffic manager. Both of these gentle- men have had years of experience and know their business. Mr. Roman han- dled 25,000 cars of fruit last season, 13,000 of which were of the cold stor- age variety. As Robert E. Strahorn, vice-president and manager of the O.-W. R. R. & N. Company, predicts that within the next five or six years this region will be turning out not less than from 25,000 to 30,000 carloads of fruit annually in normal years, it is easy to be seen that it will require con- siderable ability and a great deal of labor to satisfactorily handle the mar- keting of the fruit, including the trans- portation and selling features. Estimate of Apple Crop this Year From National League Bulletin, August 1, 1911 UMMING up the various figures and guesses regarding this season’s apple crop, taken in conjunction with figures furnished by the United States government, it would appear that the crop will be around 28,600,000 barrels, as compared with about 23,800,000 for last seasons’ crop. The crop in the Hudson River Valley is variously estimated at from twenty- five to fifty per cent of a normal crop. The drop has been heavy, and recent storms and high winds have done great damage. Quality, however, promises fine both in the Hudson Valley and Western New York. Over 3,000,000 barrels are expected from New England States, estimated about as follows: MOVIN ONE era soew are eouceee sea eave Berean ae Repaet e 474.300 Massa chucetisaannnee cen nen ene 492.000 INNO WSNENNC! soccccounsvecccéconavne 144,000 Connecticuty--eee oe eee 515,000 EWR OCR Emenee ers ERA SS eS elors.qd a. 880,000 INGE TSBVIN OSM soocgoooogaooevoodoe 524,000 Other estimates show the following number of barrels from the states named: ING Wr YOLK a2 ainnoe nor eee eo OOLO00 WIESE Wain ganaia et e an eS e ee 600.000 IU NALVZDNIEL “4 a soocaceconacusseuc0cs 2,000,000 ONTO Roa h Sika A CAR ae RS eae 1,940,000 LOUD eon Ke eieeeey creed Ruri Mideast ao 5 abo c 1,936,000 Michigan (ic. ccoennces ee eee 1,774,000 Kentucky 35 Sos eee eo 1,030,000 LOW ec ed eA Se ete 31,000 Delaware: cern ce ice eee ee 125.500 Maryland) iy ync.s ole ners on eae 296.500 MANS UMA) oben ees canara he eae 387.500 WAS CONS Uns Ree Sigs ieee eee 634,000 AST Kami asics) si nA Sa ses ani on eee ei 251,000 MUSSOUIEI SUE a ere, eer as ee 344,500 Kansas: Ace Gis ean ae eee eee 116,000 TMG ANAC S sith anieencs aoe ee 693,000 MENNESSCE wep EN ke er a 725,000 The box apple output is shown at over 13,000,000 million boxes. Califor- nia is expected to furnish about 5,000,- 000 boxes, Washington 300,000, Colo- rado about 2,500,000, Oregon 1,100,000 and the balance coming from New Mex- ico, Idaho, Utah and Montana. [Editor’s Note.—By comparison of the statistics compiled by the editor, which are shown elsewhere in this edi- tion, you will note a big difference in the output of box apples. California is put down for 5,000,000 boxes, and our estimate is 1,800.000. However, this may be an under-estimate, and they may possibly go to 2,400,000. Washing- ton is put down for 300,000 boxes, and our estimate is 1,800,000. Colorado is down for 2,500,000; our estimate is 1,800,000. However, it is possible that Colorado may exceed this figure. Ore- gon is put down for 1,100,000 boxes; our estimate is 720,000. The total of the above estimates is 13,000,000, while our estimated total is 6,960,000. It is apparent there is quite a difference. It remains to be seen who is correct. However, we wish to say in refer- ence to our estimate, which may account for the discrepancy, that we only deal with the number of carloads actually shipped out of the above named states, that is, California, Colo- rado, Utah, Montana, Idaho, Washing- ton and Oregon. Statistics lately com- piled indicate that about 16,000 carloads were shipped from the above states last vear. The Eastern estimate of the crop shipped from the above named states in 1910 was 18,000 cars. Of those there are only two, Colorado and California, which are claiming over fifty per cent of their crop, which would be 9.000 carloads. If Colorado ships 2,000 carloads more than our esti- mate of 3,000 and California ships 1,000 more than our estimate, which, we think, will be the limit, it will mean about 12,000 carloads for this year. | WANTED — Employment by a young man, single, an agricultural college graduate, a specialist in fruit growing. Will accept small wages to start. Address Re Wi. Me 2209 H Street, Bellingham, Washington. IQIT BETTER FRUIT Apple and Peach Statistics for the State of Utah Compiled by State Horticultural Commission, Salt Lake City, Utah REPORT OF FRUIT TREES PLANTED IN UTAH SPRING OF 1911 Plums and Counties Apples Peaches Cherries Pears Apricots Prunes Totals Lien Se Bo es ape ooo 5 oes OF Oa end 145,767 58,779 11,927 B75) 110 2,749 224,507 Bons IDK SalokignocsoccnnboucedodG 135,000 45,000 8,400 2,400 4,800 4,500 200,100 Sault ILAUR@ , cesdoeaocdaoceobodeann 58,666 20,250 18,508 12,643 428 2,182 112,677 \WOODE cotApeoosopeseoqumacesecgns 31,254 17,644 5,376 500 4,746 1,014 60,534 CHORO seoodoocdonemsoongdcncone 23,300 3,000 2,400 720 240 1,200 30,860 \WES OF Sosa o pope gonosubcoude 450 24,000 ..... 360 240 150 25,200 Emery and Grand ............... 16,200 31,200 840 5,160 120 600 54,120 IDANHIS oc osoaceoneonaunuondesunodS 11,743 3,560 2,976 O00 841 178 19,298 Sein Me cacehaseoeapeeuonocegoun 17,199 675 90 480 240 18,585 ROO oosoosbacoombogsouuoonb 0b 9,000 3,030 3,275 275 65 300 15,945 MiGilenGl “soo4 seed oanscocogreode0so 3,285 1,688 30 900 30 413 6,346 (CAVHOOIl 2 Ua Wet ceo pee gery Gao Oro e610 2,640 1,700 150 1,200 609 100 5,790 NOt) 26 Boe 21093 eer 480 90 120 300 3,383 San Juan ... aa 900 1,500 120 240 60 300 3,120 lirOM pooosseesenes . 428 206 73 43 19 21 790 WMiORwwn SssccdsoncoeD eye 2M oo. 8 120 60 50:0 75 525 SUM es Sa eee cloimc eo cee PMD = so0qdl e\ oabo0 60 3.0 19 349 TOUS, Ss coecebeauy eaonb aaoU oo 458,366 212,232 54,765 30,606 12,059 14,101 782,129 Estimate of other counties not reported.............--- 2c eee eee ee eee eee ee 10,300 (Gramé fi@iAil ocoscoconansounnecooeg cdc DDD DUNDdUUSHODONUSOOUOUDDOBTODDOOOUSaNOCGD 792,429 The growing importance of the fruit Utah will exceed last year. Following industry in Utah is emphasized in the above report of the fruit trees planted in the spring of 1911. About fifty-eight per cent of the total area is planted to apples; about twenty- seven per cent is to peaches, and the balance to cherries, pears, plums and prunes and apricots, in the order named. Large gains over 1910 were made in Box Elder, Salt Lake, Cache, Washington, Tooele, Millard, Rich, San Juan and Carbon Counties. Over the state as a whole, however, there is a slight decrease in 1911, compared with 1910, but a considerable increase over every other year in the history of the state. Fruit Crop Report—From the reports submitted to this office it is evident that the commercial shipments of fruit in Apple Production ELOW we give the apple produc- tion of six Pacific Coast states in carloads for 1910, and the estimated production in carloads and boxes for 1911: 1910 1911 1911 Carloads Carloads Boxes (OWREEORV in cietse 60 Omer 2,025 1,200 720,000 MVaskinmston) an... 6,170 3,000 1,800,000 ale 37 ee eee eee 1,500 1,000 600,000 Maliforniaye rk. 2 4,000 3,000 1,800,000 Goloradoveeree eee. 1,500 3,000 1,800,000 Utah yeversasiereytovters.cpes 340 400 240,000 MMOtallsiary ves secs 15,535 11,600 6,960,000 Eastern reports credited the above states with 18,000 carloads last year. As a rule districts throughout the coun- try are not claiming over from forty to fifty per cent of last year’s crop. Colorado, and possibly California, may overrun the estimates given. The gen- eral average estimate being fifty per cent of last year’s crop, if Eastern statements are correct would mean having shipped 18,000 carloads last year, and if the growers are correct in their fifty per cent estimates that we would have 9,000 carloads. However, a greater production than fifty per cent in some sections justifies us in the belief that 12,000 carloads will be as near correct as it is possible to deter- mine at the present time. We wish everybody to understand, however, that this is simply an esti- is the estimate of the 1911 crop, as com- pared with the preceding year: 1910 Apples 337 Peaches 805 All other, including pears, prunes and small fruits.............. 300 276 BOE nites qinbed Sa dlonmoe os 1,500 1,418 While the crop is lighter on the trees than last year, still the orchards on an average have had better spraying, pruning and cultivation than in former years, consequently the fruit will be of better quality and size. This fact, together with the increased area com- ing into bearing, will make the output larger than last year. The prospect of prices is also con- siderably better than the year of 1910, and the net returns to the grower from this year’s crop will exceed last year. of the Pacific Coast mate and only refers to the number of carloads that are shipped out of the respective states mentioned above, and does not include the amount used in home consumption in any one of the states, and we wish it understood that we realize the difficulty of making reli- able estimates, and it is much harder to get good data from some states than others for reasons too numerous to mention. While we are perfectly sin- cere in this estimate we must admit that estimates to a great extent are more or less a matter of guess work, and it is not expected or intended that these figures should influence the grower or the buyer, and we cannot refrain from adding that values are not absolutely dependent upon the rela- tions of supply and demand in the United States in the fruit business. European markets are important fac- tors in reference to price, and the man- ner in which fruit is handled also has much to do with the prices that are paid. For instance, the Bartlett pear crop, while we do not know the out- put this year, did not vary materially from the output last year from the Northwest states and California, and owing to the fact that growers refused to take cannery offers nearly all of the Page 27 crop was sold as fresh fruit, which apparently seemed to crowd the mar- ket below its consuming capacity at good prices. Whether or not we are right is a question, but it seems that if the California pear growers had sold a portion of the crop to the canneries and shipped a proper proportion of the crop as fresh fruit that the market on Batlett pears would not have been so low, and that the California dealers would have realized a great deal more net money. ETURNING from an_ exhaustive study of crop conditions in all parts of the state, F. A. Huntley, state horticulturist, announced that this year’s fruit crop would be from 40 to 50 per cent as large as last year, when there was an abnormal yield in all varieties. His estimate to Governor Hay, he said, would show Washington’s 1911 fruit harvest to total 4,225,000 boxes valued at $5,765,000. The value of the 1910 crop was $15,000,000 and the 1909 yield netted the growers $6,000,000. His detailed estimate of the 1911 crop follows: 2,000,000 boxes of apples at $1.50 a box, totaling $3,000,000; 350,000 boxes pears at $1.50, adding $525,000; 500,000 boxes peaches at 50 cents, bringing $250,000; 200,000 boxes of plums and prunes at 60 cents, bringing farmers $120,000; 200,000 boxes cher- ries at $1, aggregating $200,000; 300,000 crates strawberries at $2, totaling $600,- 000; 475,000 crates raspberries and blackberries at $2, bringing $590,000, and 400,000 baskets grapes at 60 cents, yielding $120,000. RCHARD ACREAGE of the State of Washington December 31, 1908. (This includes acreage estimates in 1906, to which has been added the nursery stock distribution since thal time.) From report of F. A. Huntley, horticultural commissioner: Counties Pears Apples GAINS i eters ores caine oe 18 100 INS OLLINIG. Ae eee ape 342 1,184 Benton Ae ees es ee ee 296 1,622 Ghehalliiswe sme icne aceon aoe 25 328 Chelan seo acca chiens 535 13,252 COVENT ES cole ey eine tent near er eee eghe 9 100 Glarken esata same eiclaboee 133 381 Columbia eee one 406 1,326 COWwAize Eee. iu scene eee 208 2,439 Douglasvse cranial ore 126 1,464 JAS ORY Goma ane amo OEIC an oe ona 45 244 Ie ol bho paket a oleed Hoe ae oS 25 138 Garfield een eee Bee 86 737 TSANG Gere rede trcsee cute 75 810 UGHHO og aa on cored tole piece 74 104 Ghote Gee mleesc te at eee eRe O oe oe 232 1,591 Kt api seseyeierertreree leusieretaceitcs 273 2,368 Kinbtita sweety iy este eee 60 898 HT Cleiitartirn eae errcccc sree oes 55 9,554 TE WalS eye Et oe Meena Wenatchee .....-.. Bis cit aterrce etree 5 2 Yes Yes 1,500 yy ie 9, Wenatchee ........ Asvalittes MnsaAa re ise 30 \2 Yes Yes 18,000 180 ee 10, Wenatchee ........ Bie R paneer erento 4 P Yes No 2,800 140 a. 11, Wenatchee ........ Git Genin auindendtted 8 P Yes Yes 2,500 175 ae 12; Wenatchee ........ sails te carer ecitioia 6 H Yes No 2,500 150 ae 3 Cashmere ene FIA Gee ioe cede 7 P Yes No 1,000 50 a 14a Cachmereeenemnoree Ant boaenddan 6 7 H Yes No 900 18 ; 15, Wenatchee ........ Flan Wid eget hug eeeneie 10 P Yes Yes 9,000 900 ae 16, Cashmere ......... As OD sei areitca ces oe oc Soe eM | ROTA Wy YAKIMA VALLEY AKG ON AW ersten INOMe ieee Soe 4 he oe Sect pest eee Gabe 95 18, Sunnyside ........ BLirovo soto pecere 8 2. 12 Yes Yes 1,400 14 at 1G), INEVONES: Cooocboueds sD Saye fees ahees 6 12 Yes Yes 900 18 iT PA), Coreinie~ae Gooocousos EIS Ore saoucecine ole 20 iP Yes No 3,000 300 or 21, North Yakima..... QM eee ead 16 }2? Yes Yes 4,800 180 ie 22S OSSCian ea ene NY Slee ee cece a aus 2 H Yes SViES) ee Sen ak 65 23, North Yakima..... Eee py 0 lakers 1 H Yes No 750 115 233 24, North Yakima..... ORs iieonteaie ae Ere om Uti Crea ab especie aE 25 25, North Yakima..... ahs els Meee ose 80 P Yes INOR eee 10-30 PAK. LOKI seooocne fly ity Ell good 3 1p Yes No 1,050 10 at PUTO Ba ete INO Gt cro A, © CL GS 11 H Yes No 6,160 185 a2 Xin LMUTEMIEY- po neaaceouc Ay @> tts Si In Beis 5 ie se se Nara ee Ac fate sae 66 PAD, MIGINON soooocco0oe els Gl @ it, tS 1:33 3 ae moat COE ea ees aos an YW COLUMBIA RIVER GX); OMAK So casbcocou a eunanoenencaeiCt al Bax) 10 12 Yes NIGSt ues ae Pits 6 al, Oliewoyein csocanvoc EV Saserarercnnl cua Onto 1:50 2 P Yes No 1,000 150 “ut SoD each imeoniacrarni et ea: late Acree cae eon y aac are 1:33 2 2H No No 1,200 300 af a8, CEClOMIA Goonedanos Monodotbodooeas 1:50 15 H Yes INOS eS te So its 10 SA OMIT tee eae Dewey wiheveterena nes 1:30 6 P No No 800 250 ae 35, White Salmon..... Bisa a eke oc aleronS 1:40 7 H Yes No 1,500 eee (°) 36, White Salmon..... Eiicnevaterrerastterneeee 1:50 20) H Yes. Yes 4,800 15 so KANE VICINITY Sis vlea Garena aoe > : BbiGre 14 oie Seen mae 500 125 op 38, Kiesling é 1:50 3 ye Yes INO yar Gittins Shane > () 39 iMead nina 51 5 5 H Yes Yes 83,500 14 a 40, Foothill 1:50 15 1 Yes MieSa emiacc 12 41, Chester (3) 8 are Sota emer eS Ses 10 42, Spokane 1:50 6 P Yes No 5,000 1,250 a 43, Foothill 1:20 5a °H No No 600 140 Gio Ga INANE Sook ogen es ENA Sh Bes oon eho al gil 3 H No NOD Seen: eer 20 45, Green Bluff........ UN Bt Nes tee we cuss 1:30 14 P Yes No 7,000 70 Be AGM rulvan deer meen Eisrl oy wee atone accra 1:40 30 12) Yes No 3,000 = 1,500 #4 A, MeOH Gooshooaca Ee Wadlornnl Gaerne a eeettaan 10-510 15 12 Yes Nestee fern an { PALOUSE COUNTRY 48, Farmington ....... a eahee dees venee Aes 86 12 Desh Bosker eM te 3-10 49; Farmington ....... IN@MCG cooedogue Sone 5 , bees SE Pale ere shorn ae 75 BD, Caremelol cosnescoos faa easel ee otasae 1:33 17 P No No 2.000 100 a bil, Cerne soacedeous eR hencierore Re 1:50 8 P Yes INOf Searence he 2 5px, Willow sasc00edn6 Voie cae he eleeelea e333 32 6P Yes INO SIAN pete sash 15 BSy, IDERMIOIN Soococbudso Paley eC eho reno aene dR 3 5) 100 ae Yes Wiesmann ioe 1 FAS SANNEVIUS DIUING Sueereienen terete PSIG Ia Beeriestn OE 1:50 7 1p Yes NOR area eye Sat 5 bd, Walla Walla °-.... DOr hse icr tors aL 5) 14 12 Yes INOW) Geet pari: ah 20 State NOT IN WASHINGTON AQ, TC MENNE Gooosodocse Ee Bad RIGO rate i eal a5) 7 No Yes 1,800 720 “i big (COOK) Goes c oss ocBlabacios 1:20 5 2H No No 1,250 100 se Bis UGEUNO) gacccuvasococ Liscsiadetcenaorcistewens, ae ae H tees A Ohi OES Nets Te) OFAN dailhloWnecswaes tenes cere a, ae 80 12 he rear Vee evens 2 60, Oregon, Rogue Rvr.a, a Sa7/ 7 H No No 2,500 75 A 61, Oregon, Rogue Rvr.a, ql Sal'7/ 9 H Yes No 3,200 4 re 62, Oregon, Rogue Rvr.a, e, g........ il 937/ 30 12) Yes Yes 21,000 1,500 Bc 1 Large trees. 2 Vermorel nozzle. * Dust spray. +4 Dust spray; very light crop. 5° Two wormy apples. 6 Poor pressure. 7 Friend nozzle. 8 Part sprayed. Page 4O BETTER FRUIT 1910 WENATCHEE VALLEY Power or Total For- Acre- hand Crook Tower crop Boxes Pet. Town Spraying mula age pump used used boxes wormy w’my 1, Cashmere ......... Even Enea arene a ta-0.6 1:50 10 P Yes No 7,000 200 a 2; Cashmere ......:.. Aes teres eRe 1:50 4 1p Yes No 2,400 il By CASING oocesosod Ayelet piace ee 10 P Yes No 5,500 6 t, Wenatchee ........ ea RRA aE as ces 2 nee ate Rise 1,115 5 De CASHMERE eran ee Ewes oli Malan salts ale 10 ip Yes No 4,300 20 6, Wenatchee ........ Eh Omaha aie ered il 7 22 No Yes 3,550 200 Tn CHGIMIME® gooctoane PYRE esc. ceohe. cee aco il 98 Ti H Yes No 6,500 40 So Wenatchee eas aes alee serene ilg 30 12 Yes Yes 7,000 350 9,. Wenatchee ........ Eis bern erne nici oiann ils 36 P Yes Yes 31,000 600 10, Wenatchee ........ Eye Ueasiccenstaiiten a8 il 12 P Yes Yes 12,000 500 11, Wenatchee ........ ES (orpea Nereeatnres crows 165 16 Pp Yes Yes 12,500 100 12, Wenatchee ........ CARERS bs ore saerene cor ig 7 P Yes No 1,350 170 13, Wenatchee ........ STi man a9 5 P Yes Yes 3,500 70 GE WIENER Soo ooodan bs sedis Ge ave meee ig 5 P Yes No 1,540 200 15 Cashimenreseerre reer irr Ey Oleprlen ete i2 30 12 Yes No 9,870 200 16, Wenatchee ........ ay Dy Oys8 toc ile 6 P Yes No 3,000 50 17, Wenatchee ........ 5 Glo i EB ob o00 1:33 8 P Yes Yes 8.000 350 YAKIMA VALLEY US, Comrachaieny aasoacan AS SUNS tara 1:50 10 P Yes Yes 10,000 100 19; North Yakima..... A Carer ereas pre n e 1:40 4 P Yes Yes 4,500 45 2OSINACHK ES eter teehee 1: 10 P Yes Yes 8,727 1 Q) Zi Prossel een mene B 7 H Yes NOS Ste wat 50 Py AWAY oso 560000050 15 40 P Yes Yes 8,000 3,000 : 23, North Yakima il3 12 1p Yes NOD eater Laae 5 24, North Yakima 1: 80 P Yes Yes 13,000 400 oe 25, Sunnyside 9 10 H No No 5,000 50 oc PADS NENOEN®) Gocacnocope abR 5 P Yes No 3,100 75 = Dio BLOSSCLe ee eee Be 4 H Yes No 1,800 300 0 28, Zillah ne 1 oe Yes No 5,000 100 zi 29, Mabton ig 8 P Yes Yes 5,600 200 ee S05 SGN cooscssco0uce fh 9 1p Yes No 5,000 350 es SieGrans ere nee ile 6 [2 Yes No 2,100 100 a BY WENDION so5cgc0ac00 3 H Yes MES) Sinceyenrs Bec % COLUMBIA RIVER SB CECOMA Sococcnace Ets (aS enetene a e 1:25 15 H Yes No 1,200 1 SO ox eid efor Ve) oli ons ciorapiaa oe Elst be prot. cr ara sorD 1:25 { 2P Yes No 2,000 20 Sa Coy OWA seoeccovdovc Pi oterctieae Gees 1:50 12 P Yes VieS) = aaa Pecen 1 365 Livle: ooeissucoeeene Asn Carhart U sil 17 H Yes No 1,000 10 a 37, White Salmon..... Sait Tae 1:50 20 12 Yes Yes 4,000 20 38, White Salmon..... Els chin micah ocr aa 3 a ater 155 5 SPOKANE VICINITY Balers Ve lie ai ened cas 1:20 14 H Yes Yes 4,000 40 4(), Mead ...... 133) 5 Pp Yes Yes 1,000 2: 11, Rockford Rae 20 H Yes No 1,000 2 12, Kiesling 1:25 40 12) Yes Yes 9,000 300 435) Willows Springs. )ocas oles snes. ac 7 H Yes Yes 1,200 25 al SECON Gossoauocd0s Aen pany atraeeetentc wr eae yy H Yes Yes 157 0 ie), AY DICE: | ante pcr eum icts ek eke riies EAs never ee 1:17 5) H Yes No 2,000 25 16, Freeman .......... Mas se iene ye een 125) 3 H Yes No 574 324 Vie Jabiihyerrel 55 oonaboee an Che eee 33: 8 2H No No 1,200 200 aks}, IshNDhyEMGl oo ogo0cccn Bis 105 CG Bono 6 1:40 30 P Yes Yes 4,200 75 PALOUSE COUNTRY J) ISIOODOP “scodoundneos MRE Ooo orcas (3) 11 oe eat ara 10,000 250 ee 50; Garfield .......... AU Panam peer mcae Sf 20 1p Yes No 3,000 50 is Sil, Carinae! sassconenc Lo Reo Raa e 17 P Yes No 6,124 50 on 52; Waitsburg ........ eS eye note 1 P Yes No 250 0 (>) 02, Waitsburg <....... Ele Ui, ota 30 1p Yes No 23,000 500 es day DWEKTIOMN ssocoocnces Be scdleted esr enone ce 90 P Yes Yes 68,000 & 70 o6 Bal IDENYIOIN Goosasnccocs aie sok Bae ora 10 P Yes ME Sie RES fear oe (4) 4s ulm ane one Bs PU on 32 12 Yes No 2,000 5 20 MDs DANIO oo6o000006 Bele ai ener nats 9 P Yes Yes 2,000 10 DO, SPLUNAIO Gooaodacadc Wo I date as aes Picts 20 P A cen 2,500 65 State NOT IN WASHINGTON 57, Pennsylvania ..... Bo © ododsoaoe 1:25 30 P Yes MGS 56.8 010 a) 58, Indiana ........... ES 19) Pasoooode 1:25 12 ‘H Yes Yes 3,000 9 30:0 % OG UGENNO ss5concccu0se aud boos oe 1:20 80 2P No No 14,000 7,000 ae 60, Oregon, Rogue Rvr.a, g ......... 1:17 8 2 No No 1,900 50 61, Oregon, Rogue Rvr.a, c, f........ 1:25 8 P Yes No 4,200 25 62, Oregon, Rogue Rvr.a, e, f, g..... 1:17 16 2 No No 6,000 10 63, Oregon, Hood Rvr .a, b, d, f..... 1:20 40 ie No No 15,000 300 we 1 Checks wormy. 2 Vermorel nozzle. Dust spray. 4 “Seconds” no wormier. 5 Twelve wormy apples. 6 Ten carloads. 7 Friend nozzle. 8 Part sprayed. 9 Barrels. teen growers used 1 spray on 288 acres, with 664 boxes wormy of 30,553, or 2.1 per cent; seventeen growers used two sprays on 263 acres, with 4,394 boxes wormy of 55,200, or 7.75 per cent; five growers used three sprays on 98 acres, with 365 boxes wormy of 1,550, 23 per cent; five growers used four or more sprays on 41 acres, with 1,095 boxes wormy of 16,210, or 6.7 per cent. In 1910, twenty-one growers used 1 spray on 309 acres, having 954 boxes wormy of 130,628, or 0.73 per cent; ten grow- ers used two sprays on 196 acres, hav- ing 2,101 boxes wormy of 93,500, or 2.24 per cent; ten growers used three sprays on 118 acres, having 1,489 boxes wormy of 40,834, or 3.64 per cent; thir- teen growers used four to seven sprays on 212 acres, having 4,700 boxes wormy of 55,800, or 8.42 per cent. Adding together the results of the two years shows that a single application of spray has averaged but 1 per cent of loss, two applications have averaged 4.5 per cent, three application the same, while those who gave four or more sprayings lost 8 per cent of their crop. Paradoxical as it may seem, the more sprayings given the poorer the results. Professor C. P. Gillette has gathered similar statistics for Colorado, and writes that his results tally exactly. However, the explanation is simple. One grower concentrates all his efforts on the single application, the other, intending to depend on later applica- tions anyway, slights the spraying of the blossoms. Practically all the fruit growers of the Northwest use arsenates of lead now. Our own recommendations are to use one pound to fifty gallons, but the majority of orchardists, influenced by the directions on the container, apply it stronger. Experimental tests October have shown that the strength of the spray is immaterial. When well applied one pound to eighty gallons has given us as complete immunity from worms as one to ten. The results of the practical fruit growers bear out this assertion, as is shown by the fol- lowing summary: twenty-six growers used 1 pound to 50 gallons on 331 acres, with 5,007 boxes wormy out of 87,554 boxes, or 5.6 per cent loss; sixty grow- ers used 1 to 2 pounds to 50 gallons on 1,009 acres, with 10,056 boxes wormy out of 305,544 boxes, or 3.3 per cent loss; fourteen growers used 2 to 5 pounds to 50 gallons on 247 acres, with 8,305 boxes wormy out of 60,300 boxes, or 13.6 per cent loss. The less success- ful grower is the one who inclines to the stronger formula. I have noticed again and again that in criticising his own methods the less successful grower always ascribes his worms to too weak a spray or to too few applications. Next year he intends to give a fifth spraying in August and will try three pounds to the barrel. What he needs instead is to give better spraying, not oftener. The most popular strength of spray in Washington is three pounds to one hundred gallons, but one-third of the growers are using it stronger than that. A very small percentage still use the dust spray for the late applications. The success of the Western method depends upon forcing spray through the crown of stamen bars and into the lower calyx cup. This cannot be done by low pressure, or by a misty spray, or by throwing the spray up into the tree. To wet the inside of the blossom demands that a coarse spray be shot down from above the blossoms with considerable force. To get a coarse, penetrating spray our growers have practically all abandoned the Vermorel style of nozzle in favor of the Bor- deaux. The seven growers reported above who sprayed with the Vermorel nozzles lost 1,690 boxes out of the crop of 13,400 boxes, or 12.6 per cent. For the same period the hundred growers who used the Bordeaux nozzle had an average loss of 3.7 per cent. 72 per cent do their spraying with gasoline engine power, and many of them main- tain a pressure of between 250 and 300 pounds, a thing unheard of a few years ago. 91 per cent have adopted the “crook,” a little device I first sug- gested to the Bean Spray Pump Com- pany to manufacture, the popularity of which is thus attested. This attachment places the nozzle at an angle of forty- five degrees, and greatly facilitates directing the spray down into the blos- soms. Many a grower has remarked that the crook is worth its weight in gold to him. Where the trees grow taller than the reach of the extension rod a “tower” is used, and this has been adopted by 42 per cent of the Washington growers. That the number is not larger speaks for the low- headed, low-trimmed trees so charac- teristic of the Western commercial orchard. The tower needs to be tall enough to enable the topmost branches to be sprayed. Many of the growers IQII simply spray from the tank. Often the blossom spraying is given in this way and then immediately repeated from the ground. The importance of filling the calyx cup is further brought out by the experience of three growers who omitted the calyx application. These men averaged 25, 50 and 75 per cent loss. The lesson that this study teaches is this: The calyx cup must be filled, and this demands high pressure, the Bor- deaux nozzle, crook and tower. The power sprayer is more conducive to success than the hand pump. Two to three pounds of arsenate of lead will be amply sufficient to one hundred gal- lons, and it makes no difference what particular brand of lead you use. The spraying must be done immediately after blossoming, at which time every blossom must be filled. If these details are neglected no amount of after spray- ing will guarantee 100 per cent returns. It is not the number of times you spray that counts, but how well you give the blossom treatment. This is the theory. The analysis of the growers’ reports shows that the theory is consistent with practice. gee a % JOnATHANS Hiheg Gilberto Yakima Valley Sa Page ft Avenue of Prize Winning Carloads of Jonathans and Mixed Varieties, Exhibited by Richey & Gilbert Company, North Yakima, Washington, at the National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, in 1910 Further back in the picture is the first prize winning carload of Winesaps, of which we were unable to secure a picture. The Yakima Valley is one of the largest apple producing sections of the Northwest and will have a splendid exhibit at the Spokane National Apple Show this year, November 23 to 30 Apple Growing and Orchard Management in New England By C. D. Jarvis, Experiment Station, Storrs, Connecticut usually regarded as one of the most specialized lines of agricul- ture and is commonly conducted on small farms under intensive culture. This, however, is not generally the case in New England. Here a large propor- tion of the fruit comes either from very large plantations, as is the case with peaches, or from small orchards on diversified farms, as is the case with apples. The apple orchards of New England vary in size from a few trees around the house or along a line of fence to the commercial plantations of many acres. The average size probably does not exceed one or two acres. The chief advantage of specialization in agricultural enterprises is that the farmer may become an expert in his particular line. This feature as applied to fruit growing is offset by many dis- advantages. The fruit crop requires attention but part of the year, and there is much loss in unused capital, labor, teams and tools during the remainder of the year. In many cases fruit could be produced much cheaper if certain other crops were grown, or if some kind of livestock were kept. One of the most successful farmers of Connecticut has formulated a system on his farm that seems to be very satis- factory. His principal business is peach growing. For the purpose of utilizing his capital, goods and labor the year round he grows grass and fat- tens lambs. The men and teams are kept busy in the hay fields from the time cultivation ceases in the orchards till peach picking commences. After the peach harvest is over their atten- tion is given to the care of the lambs Tos business of fruit growing is and the hauling of the hay to market and the manure to the field. The small orchard on the diversified farm is in many respects a hopeful condition. Unfortunately the apple orchard in this section of the country has generally been regarded as a side issue and any revenue derived from it as clear profit. A five or ten-acre apple orchard, when regarded as a com- ponent part of the farm system and when properly cared for, is the ideal condition. There are many farms in New England with orchards of this size, or larger, that have proved unprofitable for the reason that they do not fit properly into the general farm system. The farmer must work out his own system, keeping in mind his peculiar conditions and adaptations. If he is an apple specialist he should aim to have a succession of varieties to lengthen out the season, and he should select such other interests as will most effectively fill in the gaps and avoid the familiar slack seasons. The crops he selects may not be so profitable as apples and may produce very little revenue directly, yet they make it pos- sible to keep in readiness for the rush season a larger corps of workers, and to keep teams and tools in use with- out loss. The management of an apple orchard may be likened to a chain, the weakest link of which is the measure of its strength. The following are some of the factors upon which successful orcharding depends: The choice of varieties, proper location, good drain- age, sufficient plant food and moisture, good physical condition of the soil, proper pruning and thinning and the control of insects and diseases. Each of these factors, and probably many others, may be considered a link in the chain of operations concerning orchard management. The importance of any one of these factors depends upon its relation to others. For example, in an orchard that has been well cared for in every respect except spraying the important factor, or what may be called the limiting factor, is the control of insects and diseases. In _ other words, it is poor economy to spend much time and money on the care of an orchard and allow the apples to be eaten by worms or disfigured by disease. The important point about the whole matter, then, is in the determina- tion of the limiting factor, and when this is found to bring it up to the level of the other factors. The expenditure of a few dollars on the limiting factor will usually produce better results than the expenditure of many times the amount on other factors. Some factors are beyond the control of man, and even of those under his control it is often difficult to discover the limiting one. For this reason every grower should be an experimenter. The differ- ences of opinion among experts con- cerning orchard methods arise mainly from the varying conditions under which apples are grown. The methods that give best results with one grower may prove entirely unsuitable to other growers who are working under differ- ent conditions. It is the business, then, of every grower to determine the methods best adapted to his peculiar set of conditions. Before spending large sums on any one item he should determine by experiment whether it Page 42 Apple Scab on Fruit and Leaves Sooty Blotch Disease on the Apple will pay. The proposed treatment may be tried on a small part of the orchard and if it proves satisfactory may be extended throughout the whole orchard the following year. The result, how- ever, of such an experiment may not always be conclusive, for the limiting factor in one section of the orchard may be very different from that in other sections. For example, one sec- tion of an orchard may be low and wet, and in such a case nothing would BETTER FRUIT give as good results as under-draining; in fact the trees would not be likely to respond to any other kind of treatment. It is important, therefore, when con- ducting experiments of this kind to make sure that all the factors are the same throughout the orchard, except the factor under examination. The various systems of orchard cul- ture that have been the subject of con- troversy for so many years may be classified as follows: 1, clean culture; October Balanced Tice A Tree That Has Been Pruned from Beneath Instead of from Above Injurious Effects of Bordeaux Mixture on Apples 2, tillage with cover crops; 3, sod culture. Clean culture, as its name implies, consists in clean culture throughout the growing season. Culti- vation commences as soon as the soil may be worked in the spring and con- tinues till about the middle of August. It is recommended especially for sec- tions where the rainfall is light during the growing season. By maintaining a loose dust mulch on the surface the system is very effective in conserving TOIT moisture. On the other hand, the con- tinuous cultivation tends to deplete the supply of plant food and humus, or decaying vegetable matter. To main- tain the fertility of the soil under this system requires liberal applications of stable manure or some substitute. This system, as practiced by some growers, is very similar to the next to be described—tillage with cover crops— and gives fairly good results. These growers cease cultivating about the middle of July or the first of August and allow the weeds to grow up and cover the ground. The weeds here assume the function of a cover crop. The clean culture system, pure and simple, is not recommended for Con- necticut. Tillage with cover crops is the same as the one previously described, except that the last cultivation occurs about the middle of July or the first of August. With it some kind of a cover crop is sown, which as it develops takes up and holds the soluble plant food, forms a protective cover to the soil, and, when turned under the fol- lowing spring, contributes to the sup- ply of plant food and humus. This sys- tem is the one followed by the most successful apple growers in the best apple sections. For Connecticut, and probably New England as a whole, this system, with some modifications, will probably give best results. BETTER FRUIT Sod culture in its most ruinous form is the one commonly practiced in New England, and is largely responsible for the unproductive condition of the ordi- nary farmer’s orchard. The apple specialists as a rule favor the tillage system, yet there are many commercial growers who hold to some form of sod culture. The special advantage of sod culture is the possibility of producing fruit of better color, but this is prob- ably offset by the possibility of increas- ing the yield by means of tillage. It is remarkable that the fruit from sod orchards has carried off many of the premiums at recent fruit exhibitions in the East. This is especially true at fall fairs that are held too early for winter varieties grown under cultivation. The main purpose of growing apples, how- ever, is not to win premiums, and the man who tills his orchard must get his reward in higher profits. The ques- tions for the grower to settle are, which system is best suited to his con- ditions—his location, his soil, his mar- kets and his other interests—and which will give him the best return for the capital invested. There are probably many orchards in New England situated upon washy slopes where some form of sod culture is the only feasible method. It is prob- able also that many more of the rugged and washy hillsides will eventually be planted to apples. This need not con- A Fairly Common Form of Apple Tree The white lines indicate where the chief cuts should be made in pruning Page 43 cern us now, however, for there are thousands of acres of ideal orchard land available in every state of New England, and so long as this condition prevails it would seem advisable to select for orcharding land upon which the regular operations may be most conveniently and expeditiously per- formed. There is often more or less washing, however, on some of the gentle slopes, especially where the soil is of an impervious nature. Serious trouble from this cause usually may be prevented by cover cropping or by leaving strips of sod along or between the rows of trees and at right angles to the slope. Since there are so many different forms of sod culture it seems advisable to discuss at this time some of the more common practices, such as the sod mulch, the plain or grass mulch, the pasture method and grass removal. The sod mulch method, as understood by the writer, consists in seeding the orchard down to grass and clover, in mowing the green herbage once or twice during the summer, and leaving it as a mulch under and around the trees. This is distinct from the plain mulch or grass mulch method, which depends upon foreign material to form the mulch. One of the most enthusi- astic advocates of the sod mulch method and one who has been emi- nently successful is Mr. Grant Hitch- A Neglected Wound Decay starting at this point has extended far down the trunk In heading back upright branches the cut should be made just beyond a branch extending outward Page 44 One of the Earlier Planted Commercial Orchards, and Still Very Productive BETTER FRUIT The trees have plenty of room and have been well cared for ings of New York. Success with this method depends largely upon _ the amount of herbage produced with which to form a mulch when cut. To insure the required amount the occa- sional breaking up and reseeding of the ground is necessitated. It is not likely to succeed well with old orchards, especially those that are closely planted, for the reason that there will not be enough sunlight admitted to insure a good growth of herbage. The New York Agricultural Experiment Station is making a com- prehensive study of this method as compared with the more orthodox practice of tilling and cover cropping. A preliminary report covering five years’ observation on one orchard con- tains some very interesting statements, a brief summary of which may not be out of place here. The tilled plot aver- aged 36.3 barrels per acre more than the sod mulch plot. The apples on the tilled plot were not so highly colored, but were much larger, of better quality and kept better in ordinary storage. It took 434 apples grown on sod to fill a barrel, while only 309 from the tilled plot were needed. The trees on the tilled plot made a much larger growth than the trees in the sod area. The average cost per acre for the two meth- ods of management, not including har- vesting, was $17.92 for the sod and $24.47 for tillage, giving a difference of $6.55 in favor of the sod. The average net income per acre for this sod plot was $71.52, for the tilled plot $110.43, a difference of $38.91 in favor of tillage. It should be borne in mind that these statements are based on the behavior of one orchard only. Another orchard with a different set of conditions may behave very differently. It is a good indication, however, of what may be expected from such treatment of a Baldwin apple orchard located in West- ern New York and situated on a fertile Dunkirk loam soil with sandy sub-soil. The plain mulch method is what is frequently called the mulch method, or the grass mulch method. As the pre- viously described method is necessarily a grass mulch method it has seemed advisable to use the term plain mulch in speaking of this method. Much of the controversy in the agricultural press has arisen from the confusion of names regarding mulch methods. In contrast to the sod mulch, this method consists in covering the ground under and around the trees with some kind of coarse material that has not been grown in the orchard. Coarse stable manure, marsh hay, corn stalks or any kind of straw may be used for the pur- pose. The sytsem is especially adapted to grain growing sections, where straw is abundant. Success with this method Using the yVoppersa in Cutting Back the Higher Branches October An Apple Tree in Which the Central Leader Has Been Allowed to Develop depends upon having such a thick mulch that no weeds or grass will grow in the orchard. The exponents of the system claim that the natural fertility of the soil may be maintained in this way, but it should be borne in mind that when we remove ten to fif- teen barrels of fruit per tree we are going beyond natural conditions, and some additional plant food is likely to be required. The pasture method is probably the most common method of orchard man- agement in New England. It is the regular practice with the diversified farmer or the specialist in lines other than fruit growing. It is so common that it requires very litthe comment. Some growers take off a crop of hay and then pasture the orchard. The system depends upon the manure from the stock to keep up the fertility. Where large herds are kept and where supplementary food is supplied, together with good care in other respects, fairly satisfactory results may be expected. The common practice, however, is to turn in a few head of cattle and expect them to get a living from the orchard. Excellent results have been obtained in many cases where hogs have been allowed to run in the orchard. Hog pasturage is very similar to tillage, for the animals keep the soil well loosened up. Hogs in an orchard serve a useful purpose also in destroying many injurious insects that may be within the fallen fruit. The apple maggot is more easily kept under control in this way than by any other known method. Hogs often cause injury to the trees by rubbing off the bark, but this may be averted by feed- ing the animals some distance from the orchard, the rubbing usually being done just after feeding. Sheep are objectionable in an orchard, for they pasture the grass so closely and pack the ground so hard that the soil quickly dries out. Some growers have had good results from keeping poultry in the orchard, but where trees are located in crowded hen yards they are IQIL likely to grow too rapidly and to pro- duce very little fruit. A large proportion of the “home orchards” are cared for after what may be called the grass removal or hay method. It is more disastrous to the trees than the pasture method, for the grass is removed and not even the droppings from the animals added. Trees handled in this way will soon show signs of neglect. The owners of such orchards usually regard the hay as the important crop, and any revenue from the apples is looked upon as clear gain. Many of these neglected orchards are still capable of being renovated. It is a common notion that the sole purpose of cultivation is to kill weeds. In reality the killing of the weeds is looked upon by the best orchardists as an incidental function of cultivation. It improves the physical condition of the soil, releases plant food, conserves moisture, facilitates drainage and kills weeds. The method of preparing land for orcharding and the cultivation of young orchards has been discussed in a former paper and needs no further comment. As the trees approach the bearing age it is sometimes advisable to relax in our rigorous cultivation to start the trees into bearing. In our efforts to develop a large bearing struc- ture it is possible that we are growing our trees too rapidly. A tree that has been allowed to make a normal growth is likely to come into bearing earlier and to develop into a stronger and more rigid structure than a tree that has been abnormally forced. Bearing trees also should be encouraged in making a uniform annual growth. With established orchards the orthodox treatment among the commercial fruit growers consists in plowing the ground in the spring and in keeping the soil well cultivated until mid-summer, when a cover crop is sown. As a rule the plowing is done as soon as the soil is dry enough to be worked. Fall plow- ing is practiced with good results in many sections of the country, espe- cially in locations where the ground is generally covered with snow during winter. The chief advantage of the practice is that it gets the work out of the way of the spring rush and exposes the soil to the pulverizing action of the winter’s freezing and thawing. For sections where the ground is bare of snow the greater part of the winter this practice is not recommended. The BETTER FRUIT Side-hill Orchard, Showing the Need of a Cover Crop “Friend” Angle and Straight Nozzles ordinary beam plow is better suited to the purpose than a sulky plow. Most orchard soils may be improved by sub- soiling. This operation is performed by following the ordinary plow with a sub-soil plow. Sub-soiling deepens the soil, giving the roots a larger feed- ing area. It is especially valuable in the younger orchards, but probably has very little effect upon old trees. Where the sub-soiler is not used the ordinary plow should be set to run as deeply as practicable. With a view of maintain- ing an even surface it is the custom to plow toward the trees one year and away from them the following year. It is also advisable occasionally to plow crosswise of the orchard. The subsequent tillage is usually done with some kind of a cultivator. Prob- ably the best tool to use for the first cultivation after plowing is a disk or cutaway harrow, although a_ spring- tooth harrow is well suited to the pur- pose. Some growers use a plow only once in three or four years and depend upon the cutaway harrow for the Page 45 breaking up of the soil in the spring as well as for subsequent tillage. The cutaway harrow is also used to advan- tage for breaking up the turf in orchards that have been in sod for so long that the roots are too near the surface for comfortable plowing. Some manufacturers are now making exten- sion cutaway harrows that will project beneath low-headed trees. The later cultivations are intended particularly for the purpose of making a loose soil mulch that will prevent the evapora- tion of moisture from the soil, and for this purpose a lighter tool will do. Where the soil is in a good pliable condition a harrow of the Acme type, or even a spike-tooth harrow, may be most suitable. It is important to go over the ground with one of these tools soon after each rain, and thus save as much of the added rainfall as possible. In no case should a crust be allowed to form on the surface. There is a common notion that trees should be cultivated close to their base. In order to facilitate cultivation near the trees some growers have been known to cut off some of the best limbs on the trees. A cleanly cultivated orchard is pleasing to the eye, and the keeping of weeds and grass away from the trunks is a protection from mice. But cultivation under the trees is of little importance so far as nutri- titon is concerned, for the feeding roots are located beyond the spread of the trees. This, of course, does not apply to young trees, which should always be given clean cultivation. The best practice is to cultivate as near the trees as possible without scraping off bark or fruit. The few weeds that happen to develop in the shade of a modern low-headed apple tree are not likely to seriously affect either the appearance of the orchard or the proper development of the trees. About July fifteenth cultivation should cease to give the trees a chance to ripen up their wood. In very dry seasons it may be advisable to continue cultiva- tion until about the first of August. With the last cultivation it is customary to sow clover, vetch, cowpeas, rye or some such crop, to be turned under the following spring. A close examination of the orchard soils of New England reveals a marked deficiency in vegetable matter or humus. There is no more effective way of increasing the amount of humus A Well-made Brush Harrow. A very satisfactory tool for covering the seed Hairy or Winter Vetch as an Orchard Cover Crop Page 46 An upturned stone on wall surrounding an orchard, showing several hibernating codling moths PEE LSE EE ERR Ey, ew Four Types of “‘Loppers” from Which the andles Have Been Removed BETTER FRUIT Tool with triangular blade for scraping rough bark from old trees and the ultimate fertility of the soil than by the judicious use of cover crops. Any crop that is sown in the orchard for the purpose of turning under in the spring is called a cover crop, and should not be confused with what is commonly called a “catch crop,” which is grown to be harvested. Catch crops are commonly and profit- ably grown in young orchards before the trees require the whole area. A cover crop serves several useful pur- poses, of which the following are worthy of special attention: (1) The growing of a cover crop in an orchard tends to check the growth of the trees in Jate summer and induces early maturity of the wood. Trees that are allowed to make a late growth are likely to be injured by freezing during the winter. The checking of the growth is effected by the cover crop competing with the trees for moisture and plant food. The maturing of the fruit on heavily loaded trees usually affords check enough, especially in dry seasons, and for this reason it is some- times advisable to delay or omit entirely the planting of a cover crop. (2) A cover crop, especially one that lives over winter, takes up much of the soluble plant food that is likely to leach away during the winter and early ’ spring. The loss of the plant food by leaching is considerable, especially on light porous soils. A cover crop col- lects this plant food and holds it until spring, when it is returned to the soil in the form of “green manure.” (3) A cover crop also preserves fertility by preventing surface erosion. If land is allowed to remain bare over winter the spring rains and the rapid melting of the snow are likely to wash away much of the surface soil, carrying with it large quantities of plant food. (4) A cover crop acts as a blanket and holds the snow during the winter, preventing root injury. Alternate freezing and thawing seriously affects the roots of fruit trees and is best prevented by a good covering of snow. (5) A cover crop, when turned under, adds humus to the soil, improves its chemical condition and produces conditions more favorable for the development of cer- tains useful micro-organisms. The moisture-holding capicity of a soil is dependent largely upon the amount of humus present. When a rigorous sys- tem of cultivation is the practice the supply of humus in the soil is likely soon to become exhausted, and the most satisfactory way of maintaining a sup- ply is the growing and turning under of cover crops. (6) Cover crops of the Arlington Hand Pump with Two Leads of Hose October leguminous or nitrogen-gathering type contribute to the supply of nitrogen in the soil. Nitrogen is the most expensive kind of fertilizer that the apple grower uses, and by growing in the orchard such cover crops as clover, vetch and cowpeas the expense bill for this chem- ical may be largedy reduced, if not entirely eliminated. Again, certain cover crops like turnips and rape have the ability to assimilate plant food, which is in such form that other plants cannot make use of it. When these crops are turned under and become decayed they supply this plant food in a more available form. There are two distinct classes of cover crops. There are those that live over winter and commence growing in early spring, like the clovers, vetches and rye, and those that die down in the fall, like cowpeas, soy beans, turnips, rape and buckwheat. Many of those of the latter class make a very large growth and in many respects are superior to those of the former class. The winter cover crops, however, fur- nish better protection to the soil and roots during cold weather, and on the whole are better suited to New Eng- land conditions. Cover crops may also be classified according to their ability to contribute to the supply of plant IQII food in the soil. Plants belonging to the legume family, such as clover, alfalfa, vetch, peas and beans, have the power of assimilating nitrogen from the air, and when turned under con- tribute to the supply of this valuable form of plant food. It will be observed that some of these nitrogen-gathering crops belong to the winter group and some to the fall group. Under certain conditions a non-leguminous crop may be more serviceable than a nitrogen- gathering one, and in like manner a fall cover crop may often be just as useful as a winter one. If the trees were not making sufficient growth a leguminous crop would probably be desirable, while if the trees were making suffi- cient growth and there appeared to be a lack of vegetable matter in the soil a rapid growing non-leguminous crop, such as winter rye, would be more suitable. In locations where a good covering of snow may be depended upon, and on soils that are not likely to wash, a fall cover crop, such as turnips, rape, buckwheat, cowpeas, soy beans or horse beans, would be very suitable. The three last named crops are nitrogen-gatherers, and would be more suitable than the former three if the trees were not making satisfactory growth. The clovers make good cover crops, and in this section of the country are more generally used than anything Some prefer the mammoth clover else. BETTER FRUIT on account of its making a larger growth. Others prefer the common red clover, while still others pin their faith in alsike. Crimson clover is largely used, and in sections where it may be depended upon to stand the winter is undoubtedly the best of its class. It is a very rapid grower, but in most sec- tions of New England it is likely to winter-kill, and for this reason is not generally recommended. The _ safest plan probably is to mix together two or more kinds, always including a little crimson. Some growers prefer to mix in a little turnip seed. The turnips grow rapidly and protect the young clover plants from the hot sun. A suit- able mixture may be made up of mam- moth and crimson clover six pounds each, alsike three pounds and cowhorn turnips three ounces. Alfalfa is so exacting in its requirements and so slow in starting its growth that it is seldom used for cover crop purposes except in combinations. Hairy or win- ter vetch, in many sections, is becom- ing a popular cover crop for orchard purposes. It is an annual and thrives well at low temperatures. It belongs to the nitrogen-gathering group, and owing to its prostrate habit of growth and its habit of growing in late fall and early spring is well suited to cover crop purposes. It is better adapted to heavy soil, but when sufficient atten- tion is given to the preparation of the Page 47 ground will thrive remarkably well on the lighter soils. The harvesting of the seed is a difficult operation, especially in New England, and for this reason the seed is usually very high in price. Some orchardists have been able to grow their own seed by sowing rye and vetch together. The rye supports the vetch, facilitating the work of harvesting. By many orchardists the cowpea is regarded as one of the best plants for cover crop purposes. Of the autumn group it is undoubtedly the most satis- factory. It is a hot weather plant and thrives remarkably well on light soils and in dry seasons. This is an impor- tant point in its favor, for it is a com- mon occurrence to have very dry weather about the time the cover crop is expected to make its growth. The seed may be sown broadcast or it may be drilled in. The “Whippoorwill” variety is probably the best for cover crop purposes. A combination of cow peas and clover makes an ideal cover crop. The former should be sown in drills about two feet apart and not later than the middle of July. About the first of August the clover should be sown broadcast between the rows and harrowed in. This harrowing will be of great benefit to the cowpeas, giving them a good start. In very dry seasons the sowing of the clover may be deferred and cultivation may be Dwarf Apple Tree That Has Been Affected by Borers and as a Result Has Assumed the Fruit-bearing Habit Small Branch Bearing Ten Apples This number should be reduced by half Same Branch After Five Apples Have Been Removed Good Type of Pruning Saw Just before the opening of the blossoms. Almost too late for the first summer spray continued between the rows. If it is deferred too long the clover is not likely to become well established before winter sets in and is likely to be killed before spring. Under such conditions rye would probably give best results. About one bushel of cow- peas and twelve to fifteen pounds of clover seed will probably be about the right quantity per acre. When frost comes the cowpeas will be killed, leav- ing the clover in possession of the ground. Canada peas, soy beans and horse beans are sometimes grown as cover crops. They are nitrogen- gatherers and belong to the fall group. For Connecticut conditions none of them are so well adapted as the cow- pea. Rye is probably the most reliable of all cover crops, and among those of the non-leguminous class it is the most satisfactory. The most important requirement of a cover crop is that it makes a cover, and where other crops fail rye may usually be depended upon. The greatest objection to this crop is that it sometimes makes such a large growth in the spring that it is difficult to turn it under. This seldom happens except with the farmer who is habitu- ally behind with his work. Buck- wheat, like rye, is a dependable crop, and is largely used by the apple grow- ers of Western New York. It has a puverizing influence upon the soil and is useful in “smothering” weeds. It does well on almost any kind of soil, and on account of its ability to grow on very poor soils is often called the “poor man’s crop.” The “poor farmer’s crop” would seem to be a more suit- able appellation. It is not advisable to sow buckwheat in an orchard until August first or later. If sown earlier it may mature its seed before frost comes, and such seed will cause trouble |} in the spring. Buckwheat contributes to the soil very little vegetable matter, for after the first frost it is difficult to find the remains of the crop. Turnips and rape are very similar, and are sometimes used for cover crops. They are more useful when sown in com- bination with clover than when srown by themselves. They continue growing late in the fall and furnish good protec- tion to the clover plants. Their chief value lies in their ability to attack and Apple blossoms just after the falling of petals; best time to spray for codling moth BETTE REN treatment. is nearly closed break up insoluble compounds that other plants cannot use. Whether grown alone or in combination the greatest care should be exercised in using just the right quantity of seed. Those who have not had experience in sowing turnips and rape are almost sure to use too much seed. Not more than one pound of turnip seed should be used to the acre, except with the cowhorn type. Six pounds of rape seed to the acre is sufficient. Oats, barley and corn are occasionally used as cover crops, but have very little to commend them. They draw heavily upon the moisture of the soil when the fruit is maturing and are likely to affect the yield seriously. The quantity of these different seeds in pounds to the acre is as follows: Mammoth clover 12, common red clover 12, alsike clover 12, crimson clover 15, alfalfa 20, cowpeas 90, soy beans 90, horse beans 90, hairy or winter vetch 50, summer vetch 60, - 4 Sin Sa I : Long-handled Pruning Shears like these are very convenient An Apple Tree That Has Been Killed by Hogs Rubbing Off the Bark Almost too late for the most effective Observe that the calyx cup October Diagram showing method of bracing trees that have assumed the open center habit of growth. a, Half-inch harness ring; b, No. 12 galvanized wire; c, Eye- let screw; d, One of the main branches Canada peas 90, rye 90, buckwheat 60, rape 6, turnips 1. Many growers have become discour- aged after one attempt at growing a cover crop. In many cases the soil is so lacking in vegetable matter, and consequently dries out so thoroughly in the summer that it is difficult to get a “catch.” Under such conditions it would probably be safer to use rye or buckwheat. The amount of vegetable matter added by the turning under of either of these crops will improve the soil to such an extent that clover or vetch may be expected to thrive well the following year. It is remarkable that the second attempt at growing clover is usually more successful than the first. When the soil has been prop- erly handled during the early part of the season there is not likely to be any trouble in getting a catch. An ordinary smoothing harrow is probably the best tool with which to cover the seed of most cover crops. Many growers have had excellent results from using the brush harrow, especially with the smaller seeded crops, such as clover, turnips and rape. A well made brush harrow is recommended whenever it may be depended upon to cover the seed deeply enough, for with its use there is less likelihood of “barking” the trees. In dry seasons it is sometimes necessary to roll the ground after seed- ing. When the trees are bearing a good crop of fruit this would be an unwise procedure, for the soil moisture would be brought to the surface and lost by evaporation. If it should seem necessary to roll the ground after seed- ing it would be well to follow with a weeder or some similar tool soon after the seed has germinated. Of all the intricate problems relating to orchard management that of feeding | the apple tree is probably the most per- plexing. To a large proportion of the _| New England farmers this problem has never presented itself, for they have assumed that the orchard did not require fertilization. The specialized apple growers are just coming to realize the peculiar fertilizer require- ments of the apple and the importance of ascertaining the fertilizer require- ments of their various orchard lands. It is not the purpose of this article to OUST. Crimsor Clover as an Orchard Cover Crop The bare patches show where the plants have been killed out during the winter BETTER FRUIT Page 49 The Cowpea as an Orchard Cover Crop discuss the principles of feeding plants. It is enough to say that in general plants require three elements of plant food, and the apple tree is no excep- tion. These elements are nitrogen, pot- ash and phosphoric acid. While not usually considered a necessary element of plant food, which must be supplied, lime is of much benefit to most crops, and its value should be considered when buying fertilizers. If these ele- ments are not in the soil in available form they must be applied. It is not only necessary that they be present in the soil, but they must be in a soluble form, for in such form only can plants make use of them. Some kinds of fer- tilizers dissolve readily when applied to the soil. There are other kinds that become available gradually and some others that are so nearly insoluble that most plants cannot make use of them. The apple, being a long lived crop, can make use of the slow working fer- tilizers, but the tendency among care- ful apple growers is to use soluble fer- tilizers and apply them just when needed. The experienced apple grower who keeps a close watch of his trees will probably get best results from soluble fertilizers, but the average farmer will do well to adhere to the use of fertilizers that become available gradually. The various kinds of com- mercial fertilizers contain one or more elements of plant food in varying pro- portion. With our present system of fertilizer inspection the percentage composition as given by the dealer may be depended upon. In figuring the relative value of different kinds or brands of fertilizers it is always nec- essary to know the percentage of plant food that the sample in question con- tains. Farmers are inclined to buy low priced fertilizers, while in many cases, especially when they are to be shipped long distances, the higher priced brands would be much cheaper. The fertilizer dealers frequently adver- tise ready mixed fertilizers for various crops, and for the average farmer these may be most suitable. This is often- times an extravagant method, however, for seldom will we find two orchards requiring the same treatment. The growers who are prepared to study the fertilizer requirements of their various fields and crops will do well to mix their own fertilizers. While most of the orchard lands of New England are likely to be in need of all three elements of plant food there may be a few, especially those on the lower levels, where the soil is usually deeper, that are still well sup- plied with potash and phosphoric acid. The number of such orchards are so few that it would hardly seem advis- able to take them into consideration. There are, however, many soils that are especially rich in some one form of plant food, and for this reason the fruit grower should try the effect of certain fertilizers on his particular soil. If a crop fails to respond to a particu- lar kind of fertilizer the indication is that there is sufficient plant food of that character in the soil. Many soils are sadly deficient in nitrogen and veg- etable matter, and respond promptly to the turning under of a crop of clover, even without the application of other & ERE Wash-out in a Side-hill Orchard A good cover crop will prevent such trouble forms of fertilizer. Soils that do not respond to such treatment are prob- ably deficient in potash, phosphoric acid or lime. The deficient element or elements may be ascertained by the use of test plots. The important point in this regard is that it is a wasteful prac- tice to apply a complete fertilizer when there is a good supply of one or more elements already in the soil. It should also be remembered that the applica- tion of one or more forms of plant food, although deficient in the soil, will produce little or no effect unless all the necessary elements are present. In like manner, the application of all nec- essary elements of plant food will pro- duce little or no response if there is any serious deficiency in the general management of the soil. In other words, the best results are obtained only when good treatment is given all along the line. Stable manure is the standard fertilizer of the diversified farmer and the stock raiser. The com- mercial fruit growers, however, rarely use this form of fertilizer in their orchards. The chief objection to its use is that it is relatively rich in nitro- gen, which becomes available late in the season. The liberation of nitrogen late in the season is likely to keep up growth so late that the trees will not ripen their wood properly before the arrival of cold weather. Stable manure is a complete fertilizer, and when applied to the soil supplies, in addition to the three elements of plant food, a large amount of vegetable matter. For this reason it is well suited to the enriching of vegetable gardens and cornfields. To be continued in next edition. Editor Better Fruit: The July number of ‘Better Fruit’? came to hand during my absence, and I have just seen a copy. The edition is worthy of special notice, and you are deserving of a great deal of credit. Yours very truly, G. R. Merritt, general agent of Refrigerator Service North- ern Pacific. Editor Better Fruit: Please continue my subscription to “Better Fruit.” I have enjoyed your paper very much during the last year, and have gotten much valuable information from it, especially on the subject of spraying. Your publication may be called “Better Fruit’? magazine, but it is really “BEST fruit magazine.” Respect- fully, Lewis J. Pierce. Page 50 BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON OFrriciAL ORGAN OF THE NortHWeEst FRuir GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION A MonTHLY ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN FRuItT GROWING AND MARKETING ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED AND REMITTANCES MADE PAYABLE TO =| 0 ; ; setter Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEPARD Epiror AND PUBLISHER Van Deman, Contributing Editor STaTE ASSOCIATE Eprrors OREGON A. B. Corpvitry, Entomologist, Corvallis C. I. Lewts, Horticulturist, Corvallis P. J. O’Gara, Pathologist and Entomologist, Medford WASHINGTON MELANDER, Entomologist, Pullman COLORADO C. P. Grtrerte, Director and Entomologist, Fort Collins E. B. House, Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering, State Agricultural College, Fort Collins E. P. Tayror, Horticulturist, Grand Junction IDAHO W. H. Wicks, Horticulturist, Moscow W. S. THornweER, Horticulturist, Lewiston H. BE: A. L. UTAH Dr. E. D. Bart, Director and Entomologist, Logan Leon D. BatcHetor, Horticulturist, Logan MONTANA O. B. Wuipeie, Horticulturist, Bozeman i CALIFORNIA C. W. WoopworrnH, Entomologist, Berkeley W. H. Votcx, Entomologist, Watsonville BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. WINstow, Provincial Horticulturist, Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 PER YEAR 2 In ADVANCE IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS, Including Postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27, 1906, at the Postoffice at Hood River, Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. a i SR The editor of “Better Fruit” has for years given the satistics in the actual number of carloads shipped from the Northwest, and it affords us pleasure to say that these reports have been found reliable and valuable to every- body connected with the apple indus- try. However, “Better Fruit,’ like everybody else, was fooled on the esti- mate last year. Men who had lived in their orchards for fifteen or twenty years estimated their crops as high as fifty per cent less than the actual yield. From our experience it seems that large crops are apt to be underestimated and light crops overestimated. The per- centage estimate of crops in the state actually means nothing to anybody unless the individual knows two things—what the quantity was last year and whether the percentage is based on last year’s crop or on a nor- mal crop. It is a great source of satis- faction to learn that the East will endeavor to make up reports to show the actual number of barrels estimated for each state in future years instead of giving the percentage figures, but until it is done the whole business of estimates is simply a great big guess, and consequently buying and selling more a matter of luck, than of good judg- ment founded on reliable information. However, it must be admitted that such a task in the East is a large one owing to peculiar conditions. The apple pro- ducing sections are scattered all over BETTER FRUIT the East and apple growing is generally connected with general farming, and nearly every farmer has all the way from a few trees for family use up to a very large orchard. A great many small orchards together produce quite a large quantity. Now, to obtain statis- tics, for instance, from the New Eng- land orchards would be very difficult because these orchards are scattered all over the whole of New England, along stone walls, fence rows, in out of the way corners and pockets of hills, and the crop moved by every kind of con- veyance to the different markets, but it is to be hoped that a method of planting will be evolved that will solve the problem and ascertain the actual number of barrels produced in each state every year. When one year’s pro- duction is recorded, and this quantity is a fixed basis, percentage estimates will assist those connected with the fruit industry in estimating the crop of the current year. The Value of Statistics—The editor of “Better Fruit” has many times dwelt on this subject and again calls the attention of the fruit growers and fruit dealers to the present method in vogue of giving statistics. In fact this method is used by nearly all publications with the execption of “Better Fruit.” It is the method of percentage, which prac- tically means nothing to anybody unless he knows the actual crop pro- duced in barrels, bushels or boxes in each one of the different states. “Bet- ter Fruit” has been using its influence in every way possible to bring about a change in giving out statistical mat- ter. What we need, and what the fruit growers and dealers should demand, is statistics from every state showing the number of bushels, barrels or boxes produced in that state, and estimates should be made along this line. The percentage plan is misleading unless you absolutely know the quantity of apples grown in each _ state, and whether the percentage is a percentage of last year’s crop or a percentage of what is considered a normal crop. For instance, if one state produced 100,000 barrels and was put down as 200 per cent, and another state produced 1,000,000 barrels and was put down as 50 per cent what would the reader know if he was simply given a per- centage of crops of the apples in each of the two states. Where simply per- centages are given without this infor- mation the reader can but guess at the final result. We hope, and believe, the authorities will realize the impor- tance of giving figures showing the actual production each year at the end of the season, and make their estimates for the coming year in the same way. Elsewhere in this edition will be found a photograph of Mr. J. C. Skin- ner, who for two years has been sec- retary of the Hood River Commercial Club.’ His work in this capacity has been highly appreciated by the com- munity. Much of his work and many of his ideas were along original lines, and while he had charge of the pub- October licity department it seems hardly appropriate to call Mr. Skinner a booster. He has been a close student of the apple industry not only in the Northwestern sections but throughout the East as well. His work has been done along conservative lines, and he has used his best efforts to assist in the development of the orchard industry and has given special attention to dis- tribution. In every way he has worked to assist in securing a good price for Hood River Valley fruit. His belief has been that more effective work could be done along the line of thor- ough distribution than by boosting. In fact his idea along this line may be best illustrated by using an expression which he frequently used, “By dis- tributing the crop wisely, selling it intelligently .and getting good prices you are creating a demand for the fruit, and if all this is done success- fully in any district land selling will take care of itself where there is land to sell.” A SPLENDID CLUBBING OFFER The price of the Weekly Ore- gonian is $1.50 per year. We can furnish both the Weekly Oregonian and “Better Fruit” for one year at $1.50, providing your order reaches “Better Fruit” office not later than October 30, 1911. The Oregonian is known to be one of the best weeklies published by any daily paper anywhere in the world. The October edition of “Better Fruit” is a Special Statistical Edition, contain- ing more information about the num- ber of trees planted in each state and the size of crops grown than has ever appeared in any other publication so far as we know. These statistics were secured from reliable sources, due credit being given, and most of them are taken from government censuses. Object lessons can be drawn from each table published in this issue. We have made a short note at the bottom of the different tables to indicate a few of the conclusions that can be drawn. These are mere suggestions as to what the reader may do in order to arrive at proper conclusions in reference to the apple business. The Statistical Bureau for the North- west.—The editor of “Better Fruit” has for several years spent a great deal of time in writing reliable people and authorities, and visiting different dis- tricts, to ascertain what would be a conservative estimate of the apple crop in the Northwestern States, and the estimates of “Better Fruit” have been as nearly correct as is possible to give with the exception of 1910, when everybody in the Northwest underestimated. All of this takes time and money. The Northwestern people should be posted and know what the estimate is each year by the first of August. Some time ago our attention Continued on page 53 By od hd bs Oy a cw nO TREADWELL SHOES STYLISH— Style is necessary in a dress shoe, but style is not all— Like the tinsel that glitters and fades away, the shoe with style alone “lasts quick” COMFORTABLE—LASTING Treadwell shoes have style—style that’s built into the shoe—in, through and over the best of leather, the snappiest, most comfortable lasts— and makes you feel like the man who takes a chance on a horse race and loses —foolish—regretful—never again. The VLreadwell is not ‘a style alone shoe.” It’s as good as the best and ‘then some.” Incorporates the best shoe-making and most careful final inspection. Treadwell shoes are made in many styles in Box Calf, Velour Calf and Vici Kid, with single or half double soles. Ask your dealer for a Tf he hasn't got it, “* Treadwell” ask us. pK {fo eo U.S.A Ug Water Supply Troubles Unknown to the Owner You can enjoy, through the ownership of a LEADER WATER SYSTEM, the same water supply conveniences which are so much appreciated by city folks. And you may have them to even a greater extent, since there are no restrictions to bother the owner of a LEADER SYSTEM. You can have your bath, your sanitary toilets, all the water you want for domestic and sprinkling purposes. A LEADER WATER SYSTEM of suitable size will supply you with all the water you want under almost any pressure you want. Leader Tanks are tested to a pressure of 125 pounds. It is the system which is sanitary, satisfactory and sure. It costs little to operate and is practically troubleless. Write for our book, “THE QUESTION OF WATER,” and folder showing homes in which the Leader Water System is furnishing satisfactory water service and opinions of users. Mention “Better Fruit.” FULL LINE OF Portland, Oregon Pumps, Gasoline Engines, Wind Mills Spokane, Washington Implements and Vehicles Boise, Idaho WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT fe 51 Page 52 BETTER FRUIT October HOOD RIVER COMMERCIAL CLUB OF HOOD RIVER, OREGON Respectfully requests each and every person interested in Hood River, or who may have friends interested, to request their individual grocers or fruit handlers to have on sale during the apple season the famous Spitzen- bergs, Yellow Newtowns, Ortleys and Jonathans grown at Hood River. We request this because we want you to help us get the apples before a dis- criminating public so as to convince them of their superiority by a prac- tical test. You are further requested to do this at once so as to insure your grocer placing his order in time to secure a supply in advance before they are all sold, so that he will have Hood River apples on hand when you want them. Hood River Commercial Club WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII Continued from page 50 was called to this matter by Mr. H. S. Stechan, and we published a letter from him in “Better Fruit.” We believe this matter should be given immediate attention. The growers should get busy and begin to discuss it before the different state horticultural meet- ings, and be able to form some plan for carrying on this work. If there is no other way to raise necessary funds it might be done by having each state horticultural society appoint one mem- ber of a committee to get together and devise ways and means of putting the idea into execution and finance the immediate necessary expense. It is our belief that every association in the Northwest would be willing to pay a sufficient sum pro rata, according to the amount of fruit handled or the acreage, that would be sufficient to maintain a man and such other expense as might be necessary to do the work. The fiftieth anniversary of the Ore- gon State Fair was celebrated this year at Salem, September 11 to 16. The management is to be congratulated on the fine appearance of the grounds, the fair and undiscriminating treatment of all the exhibitors, and the clean and attractive entertainment provided. It is to be regretted that it rained or was cloudy nearly every day of the entire week, and taking this fact into consid- eration the attendance was very good. Although too early for the best in the line of a fruit display, the early vari- eties were well represented. The agri- cultural exhibits this year were more elaborate than ever and provided a striking demonstration of the fact that every section of our state, although widely differing in soil, topography and climate, with intelligent and up-to-date methods, is capable of enormous yields and good profits. Several counties had spent considerable time and effort in decorating with grains, grasses, etc., and the effects were pleasing. Other counties had large exhibits of canned fruits and fruits and vegetables. The camping feature of the Oregon State Fair is a distinctive one. All state fairs have a few campers, people who are either exhibitors or have concessions, but over 1,200 people camped in “Tent City” this year, and are already look- ing forward with pleasure to their week of camp life at the Oregon State Fair next year. “Better Fruit” received gratifying words of appreciation for the work it is doing both from sub- scribers and advertisers. The new Harney Branch Experiment Station is to be superintended by M. Leroy Breightaup, who is a graduate of the Oregon Agricultural College. Mr. David Browne of Spokane says we need more farmers on our land. They are absolutely necessary for continued good of our states. The cities can take care of themselves. Farming has been, is now and will be the backbone of the Northwest, and we want to do everything possible to promote the industry. Ne IIe Je Je eb Seeing America First.—This feeling has been growing, and Baltimore pro- poses in the near future to hold a con- vention to promote a plan that will be effective in persuading Americans to see their own country, where the scenery is grander than any in Europe. There is not a single spot in Europe that will compare with the wonder- ful scenery in America. Europe has nothing like the Grand Canyon, the Yellowstone National Park, the snow- capped mauntains of the Northwest, Niagara Falls, the immensity of the Columbia River or the wonderful Mis- sissippi. In no way does the scenery of Europe begin to compare with the scenery of America. The _ greatest attraction of European scenery is its historical interest. There is a vast amount of wealth spent by Americans in Eruope that ought to be spent in America to see their own country first. The vast sum spent by rich and well- to-do people in Paris, Switzerland and Italy is beyond our comprehension. We are glad to see this movement created, and it is our sincere hope that it will bring results and that Ameri- cans will spend money at home in future to help upbuild their own coun- try instead of spending it in foreign countries and cities which could hardly survive without the immense revenue from American tourists. The American Apple Exposition will be held in Denver, November 12-18 of this year, in the Auditorium Building. Bulletins are now out and ready for distribution, and can be obtained by writing the secretary, C. L. Oliver, 210 Chamber of Commerce, Denver, Colorado. Important departments of this exposition will be commercial packs, district displays, improved pack- ages, photographic displays, home-made by-products, kitchen and factory-made apple by-products and evaporated fruit. Liberal prizes will be given and there is every reason to assume that this will be a big show with a very large attendance. We are advised that President Taft appointed Thomas W. Wilby, a promi- nent automobilist and a member of the Touring Club of America, as good roads commissioner, whose duty will be to pick out and accurately locate a route from New York to San Francisco and return, which will not only include seeing all the best of the wonder spots of our grand country, but shall be safe and possible of travel without hardship at practically all times of the year. Demonstration Trains are proving wonderful factors in the development of the Northwest. Usually they are conducted under the auspices of an experiment station. The Northern Pacific, Great Northern and the Harri- man system are all doing splendid work. Seventy-four thousand farmers and professors attended the lectures at the University of California given under the auspices of the Southern Pacific. Page 5S The Harriman Lines will occupy the same amount of space at the Chicago Land Show in 1911 as in 1910. In this space will be conducted a series of lec- tures. Seventy-seven thousand people attended these lectures last year. After the land show last year the Southern Pacific and Union Pacific carried fifty- five thousand colonists into territory along their lines. The total disbursements from the pension bureau of the Southern Pacific Railroad for the fiscal year ending July, 1911, was $168,000. This sum goes to ex-employes of the railroad who have met with mishap or retired, or to those dependent upon them in case of death. This is certainly a good example to be followed by other large institutions. Professor H. E. Van Deman, well known as one of the greatest horticul- turists in America (and, by the way, “Better Fruit” has the honor of having Professor Van Deman as one of its contributing editors), will be judge at the Indianapolis Apple Show. The professor is one of the fairest, squarest and best posted judges in America. The movement for better sanitary conditions and wholeseme foods is increasing in volume and_ spreading rapidly. Pure foods are now being demanded, and our attention has been called to the fact that the Southern Pacific Railroad serves certified milk, guaranteed in richness and purity, and they say the baby can now travel in safety and be sure of getting pure food. What the Panama canal means to the future of the Northwest and the Pacific Coast in general is already indicated in many ways. One of the latest announcements is that a company with a capital of $15,000,000 is being formed in Baltimore to put on a line of steam- ers from the Atlantic to Pacific Coast points. There seems to be a big demand throughout the Northwest for men who have taken a horticultural course in some agricultural college of the North- west. The Northwestern states all have splendid agricultural colleges with the very best of horticultural departments. List of agents for the Palmer Bucket Com- pany of Hood River, Oregon (see advertise- ment on page 64). Ask any of the following dealers for a practical demonstration. They will show you how you can save the bruises: S. E. Forstrom, Joseph, Oregon; C. O. Ramsey, La Grande; Lane & Sexton, The Dalles; Grants Pass Hardware Company, Grants Pass; Churchill Hardware Company, Roseburg; Med- ford Hardware Company, Medford; Wallowa Mercantile Company, Wallowa; H. G. Master- son, Elgin; Wright Hardware Company, Union; R. H. Huston, Corvallis; Hulbert-Ohling Hard- ware Company, Albany; Craven Bros. Hard- ware and Implement Company, Dallas; Wade, Pearce & Co., Salem; Chambers Hardware Company, Eugene; R. M. Wade & Co., McMinn- ville; Wenatchee Hardware Company, Wenat- chee; Yakima Hardware Company, North Yak- ima; Davis-Kaser Company, Walla Walla; Darbey & Mourey, Pomeroy, Washington; J. W. Stevens Hardware Company, Dayton, Washing- ton; A. de Regt, Kennewick; Palmquist Bros., Prosser; Evans Mercantile Company, Clarks- ton, Washington; Valley Mercantile Company, Hamilton, Montana; A. C. Rolofson Company, San Francisco, sales agents South Pacific states. Page 54 BETTER FRUIT Citrus Protective League of the State of California By G. Harold Powell, Secretary and Manager S the season for the shipment of navel oranges from California is approaching it is well that the atten- tion of growers and shippers should be called to Food Inspection Decision No. 133, issued by the United States Department of Agriculture. The deci- sion refers to “The Coloring of Green Citrus Fruits,’ and reads as follows: “The attention of the Board of Food and Drug Inspection has been directed to the shipment in interstate com- merce of green, immature citrus fruits, particularly oranges, which have been artificially colored by holding in a warm, moist atmosphere for a short period of time after removal from the tree. Evidence is adduced showing thal such oranges do not change in sugar or acid content after removal from the tree. Evidence further shows that the same oranges remaining on the tree increase markedly in sugar content and decrease in acid content. Further, there is evidence to show that the consumption of such imma- ture oranges, especially by children, is apt to be attended by serious dis- turbances of the digestive system. Under the Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906, an article of food is adulter- ated ‘if it be mixed, colored, pow- dered, coated or stained in a manner whereby damage or inferiority is con- cealed. It is the opinion of the board that oranges treated as mentioned above are colored in a manner whereby inferiority is concealed, and are, therefore, adulterated. The board recognizes the fact that certain varie- ties of oranges attain maturity as to size, sweetness and acidity before the color changes from green to yellow, and this decision is not intended to interfere with the marketing of such oranges.” It is the evident intention of the government to make it unlawful to ship into interstate commerce green oranges that are unfit to eat, but which are colored by sweating to give them an appearance of ripeness. In _ this connection the attention of our grcw- ers and shippers is called to the first section of the “Green Fruit La :.” which recently became effective in the State of Florida. It reads as follows: “Section 1. That it shall be unlawful for anyone to sell, offer for sale, ship or deliver for shipment any citrus fruits which are immature or other- wise unfit for consumption, and for anyone to receive any such fruits under a contract of sale, or for the purpose of sale, or of offering for sale, or for shipment or delivery for shipment. This section shall not apply to sales or contracts for sales of citrus fruits on the trees under this section; nor shall it apply to common carriers or their agents who are not interested in such fruits, and who are merely receivy- ing the same for transportation.” From this section of the Florida law and the agitation that now prevails in that state, it is apparent that Florida is pre- paring to take an active hand during the present season in the endeavor to prevent the shipment of immature fruit from the state. The State of Florida has also made it unlawful to place upon any citrus package or fruit wrapper any statement which contains false or misleading information regarding the name, size, quality, brand or locality in which the fruit is grown. In the case of a shipment or oranges labeled, “Pineapple Oranges,” from Florida into Louisiana, the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture has recently decided that the shipment was mis- labeled and, therefore, in violation of the national food and drugs act, because the oranges “were not of that grade commercially known as ‘pineapple oranges, but consisted of other and inferior grades.” A citrus fruit grower from the Trans- vaal has recently been in California studying the methods of handling the California citrus fruit crop, and to secure appliances to be used in the han- dling of the crop in the Transvaal. They are beginning to ship oranges from the Transvaal to the United King- dom in considerable quantities during the summer months, the season when the fruit ripens in that country. The haul by rail to the South African coast, usually to Capetown, may reach a dis- tance of one thousand miles. Accord- ing to data furnished by the grower mentioned the fruit is being carried by the railroads during the present season to the point of export at the rate of 15 shillings per ton (13.1 cents per box of California size); it costs 5 shillings per ton (4.4 cents per box) for dock dues and loading charges, and 25 shillings per ton (22 cents per box) to South- ampton, a distance of six thousand miles, making a total cost of trans- portation of 39.5 cents per box of Cali- fornia size for a distance that may equal seven thousand miles. The fruit is carried the entire distance without RIFE RAMS Pump Water Automatically Day and Night RAISE WATER FOR YOUR FRUIT all you need when and where required —with an automatic Rife Ram. Costs little to install nothing to operate. Raises water 30 feet for every foot of fall. Land lying above canal or stream sup- plied with water. Pumps automatically day and night, winter and summer. Fully guaranteed. If there is a stream, pond or spring with- in a mile write for plans, book and trial offer, free. RIFE ENGINE CO. 2525 Trinity Building New York PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 1 and 2 Lambert-Sargeant Building Corner East Alder Street and Grand Avenue PORTLAND, OREGON October refrigeration. With a rate of 25 to 30 cents a box from Southampton to New York, which is the usual rate on for- eign citrus fruits, the South African grower, ten thousand miles distant, can land oranges in the eastern United States at a lower cost of transportation that the grower in California. There is considerable activity in citrus fruit planting in Mexico. Accord- ing to the “Daily Trade and Consular Reports,” September 7, 1911, “The ship- ment of oranges from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, to Chicago will commence about September 20, 1911, and it is now estimated that a total of about fifty- five cars will cover the season’s exports, as compared with thirty-four cars last year. These oranges all come from the Rio Verde Valley, in the south-central part of the state. The freight from Rio Verde to Chicago is $1.25 gold per 100 pounds, and customs duty $1 gold per 100 pounds (which totals $1.91 per 85-pound box), but they reach the American markets so early in the sea- son that good prices are obtained.” The exports of oranges from Spain in 1910 amounted to 1,051,764,067 pounds; from Italy, 265,498,258 pounds, an equivalent from both countries of more than 55,000 carloads of Califor- nia oranges. More than 50 per cent of the Spanish oranges are shipped to the United Kingdom, and from 15 to 20 per cent go both to France and to Ger- many. The exports of oranges from Spain have increased 67.2 per cent in the last ten years. The freight rate on Spanish oranges to the United States is about 30 cents per box. It may be as low as one shilling (24 cents) per case, equal to two and a half California boxes, to the United Kingdom. The oranges from Italy are exported princi- pally to Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom in order of importance. The exports of oranges from Italy have increased 99.4 per cent in the last ten years. Exports of oranges from Jaffa in 1910 amounted to 900,000 cases, valued at $1,136,794. Most of these oranges are shipped to the. United Kingdom, with smaller quantities to Russia and Egypt. The exports from Jaffa have increased 149 per cent in the last ten years. The exports of mandarin oranges from Japan in 1909 amounted to 22,245,897 pounds. The oranges from Japan are shipped principally to Asiatic Russia, Corea, Kwantung province and British America, in order of importance. More than half a million pounds were shipped from Japan to the United States in 1909. Exports of mandarin oranges from Japan have increased 605 per cent in the last ten years. Every orange producing country in the world is interested in the effort of importers of lemons in New York and the exporters in Sicily to have the duty removed from citrus fruits. We may expect that each of these countries, which pays a low wage to labor and a low rate of transportation will pre- pare to ship its citrus fruits to the United States if a low rate of duty should be established. There has been an unusual demand for lemons in IQII Europe during 1911. This demand has been increasing steadily for ten years, and in 1911 it has had a marked effect on the international shipment of lem- ons. The California crop in 1910-11 is the largest in the history of the state. Nearly twice as much fruit has been shipped into Eastern markets as in 1909-10, and the large increase over the crop of the preceding year has reduced the price of lemons to an unusually low level. Heretofore the Eastern markets have been controlled by the importers of Italian lemons, and each year since 1885 the wholesale price has been forced at some period during the summer months to $6 to $12.50 per box. On account of the increase in the California crop in 1911 and the freer shipment of the fruit to Eastern markets the wholesale price of 132,738 boxes of Italian lemons in New York in August, 1911, averaged about $2.60 per box, an average of less than ten cents per dozen. The average wholesale price of 143,986 boxes of Italian lemons in New York in August in 1910, when the California crop was much lighter, was $3.67 per box. In an effort to hold the prices high the importers have endeavored to create a scarcity in the Eastern supply of lem- ons. They have been reshipping lem- ons to Europe since the first of August, and have withdrawn the fruit from the auction sales in New York whenever the price has-been unusually low. Mr. Sciortino, a prominent New York lemon importer, is quoted as saying that some of the exporters in Sicily would probably not permit the sale of lemons in New York at a price below $4 a box wholesale, on account of the higher prices in Germany and England, where, in referring to Germany, Mr. Sciortino states “that buyers there are willing to pay relatively higher prices than can be obtained in the American markets.” There is a duty equivalent to one cent per pound on citrus fruits in Australia; 1.84 cents maximum and a Biswas Rie free conventional duty on lemons, and 2.2 cents on oranges in Austria-Hun- gary; 79-100 of a cent on oranges and lemons in Belgium; 79-100 of a cent in Denmark; 1% cents in Finland; 1.3 cents maximum and 44-100 of a cent minimum in France; 1.3 cents maxi- mum on oranges and lemons, 35-100 of a cent minimum on oranges and a free conventional duty on lemons in Ger- many; 2.43 cents maximum and 24-100 of a cent minimum in Norway; 44-100 of a cent maximum and 44-1000 mini- mum in Roumania; 2.25 cents maxi- mum and 1.42 minimum in Russia, and 1.21 cents in Sweden. There is no duty on citrus fruits in Argentine, Canada, England or Switzerland. With the exception of Australia, which produces citrus fruits, these duties are levied for revenue only. Mexico formerly granted a bounty of 85 cents per 1,000 lemons and $1 per 1,000 on oranges exported to encourage the planting of these fruits; and Italy fixes a minimum price to be paid the producer for citrate of lemon, into which 40 per cent of the Italian lemon crop is converted, and fixes a minimum selling price as well. THE GOODELL BERRY The Sunnyside Nursery was generous enough to send the editor of “Better Fruit” a crate of Goodell strawberries, which is a very sweet, nice looking and delicious tasting strawberry. One of our fruit growers secured a number of plants last year and had his first crop this year, and he pronounces it one of the best berries he has ever eaten. i Events of more than passing interest to fruit growers and fruit dealers throughout the country: American Land and Irrigation Exposition, November 3-12, Madison Square Garden, New York. Indiana Apple Show, Indianapolis, Indiana, November 6-11. American Apple Exposition, Denver, Colo- rado, November 12-18, Auditorium Building. Oregon Apple Show, Portland, Oregon, November 15-17. United States Land and Irrigation Exposi- tion, Coliseum, Chicago, Illinois, November 18 to December 9. National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, November 23-30. Nineteenth National Chicago, December 5-9. Northwest Land Products Show, St. Auditorium, St. Paul, Minnesota, 12-23. Irrigation Congress, Paul December oY A Rout RIVER VALLEY MEDFORD Rogue River Valley Exhibit Made by Medford, Oregon, at the National Apple Show at Spokane in 1910, showing the beauty of district exhibits, of which there probably will be thirty or forty this year at the Fourth National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, November 23 to 30 Page 55 FAIR DATES OF THE NORTHWEST Annual meeting Oregon Wool Growers’ Asso- ciation, Baker, November 14-15. Fat Stock Show, Lewiston, Idaho, December 12-14. Land Show, St. Paul, December 12-23. ANYBODY CAN NOW AFFORD A FARM ENGINE The price of good farm engines has gotten so low that everybody can afford to own one. There is no longer any use of the man on a farm working himself to death. Such jobs as grinding feed, pumping water, cutting ensilage, sawing wood and other tiresome ‘‘grinds”’ should be turned over to an engine. It is ridiculous to think of a man wasting his valu- able time and strength on such work when for less than $38 he can own an engine which will do it. And the same engine will take a load off the shoulders of the women folk. No more hand-turning of washing machine, churn, cream separator, ete. A farm engine will do all. If you want to get a good engine cheap the thing to do is to write the Detroit Motor Car Supply Co., 238 Canton Avenue, Detroit, Michi- gan, at once and have them send you their catalogue on Sandow engines. These people are specialists on engine building. They make and sell at $37.50 an engine worth $75 of any- one’s money. This engine gives ample power for all farm needs. Has only three moving parts—has no cams, gears or valves—burns kerosene (coal oil), gasoline, alcohol, distil- late or gas. They ship it anywhere on fifteen days’ free trial, money back if not satisfied— five-year ironclad guaranty. The $37.50 engine is complete—two and a half horse-power. They make larger engines proportionately cheap. Don’t go through another season without a farm engine. Get a good engine like the ‘‘San- dow” and let it save you work, time, muscle and money. id RICHARDSON-HOLMES & LAMB CO., Inc. Wholesale Fruit and Produce Largest Distributors of APPLES in Southern California 1200-2-4-6-8-10 Produce Street LOS ANGELES C. M. SHAW ROY F. DEAN Dean & Shaw Electrical Supplies and Fixtures Scientific Electrical Construction Home Phone 3 Hood River, Oregon Bartlett and Anjou 50,000 one-year old pears to offer, both wholesale and retail Orchardists’ Supply Co. 301 Newhouse Building SALT LAKE, UTAH ESTABLISHED 1877 Potter & Williams 144, 146, 148 Michigan Street BUFFALO, N. Y. Can handle a few cars Fancy Apples to advantage Correspondence Solicited Page 50 BETTER RE ee An Interesting Newsy Letter From New Mexico By Alex. McPherson, Horticulturist, Roswell, New Mexico S years go by the demand for better fruit becomes more insistent than ever before. The statistics show that the production of marketable apples has decreased two-thirds in the last fifteen years. Instead of the supply from the United States and Canada being 65,000,000 or 75,000,000 barrels it has decreased to between 30,000,000 and 40,000,000 barrels in 1909-1910. These figures are indicative, first, that the people are demanding better fruit, and, second, that the area in which such fruit as the public palate demands is limited. In looking over the various apple sections of the West we find such places as Hood River, Medford, Wenat- chee, Yakima; Boise, Payette and Wei- ser in Idaho, some small places in Utah and a few more in Colorado. Totaling all of these places their acreage would perhaps not exceed 300,000 acres of good apple lands. The southwestern portion of the United States has as yet not entered the apple industry to any great extent. In the last forty years or more orchards have been planted over a large area of New Mexico, Ari- zona and Texas, and in very many of these cases the quality of the products grown was not up to standard, nor did the trees show good health and satis- factory growth. But in some portion of the Pecos Valley, in Southeast New Mexico, notably Roswell, the apple industry has been amply demonstrated, so that we know we have an area that will produce apples equal to the best apple growing sections of America. The writer has examined the major- ity of the apple growing sections in the West and finds that the Pecos Valley, in the vicinity of Roswell, has all of the natural conditions to warrant extensive planting of the king of all fruits—the apple. In fact orchards here have produced phenomenal crops, and the trees are healthy and vigorous. Many of the varieties that are grown here are equal, if not superior, in quality to the same varieties grown in the Northwestern states. Perhaps at the present time this particular section of New Mexico has greater possibilities for development in horticulture than any other section of the great West. First, because of its climate, soil and water supply. Second, because of its proximity to a splendid and ever expanding market. Good apples can- not be grown in the larger portions of Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, South- ern California and the Gulf states. Roswell is about the southern limit in which first class apples can be grown. Therefore, their market is at their door. The apples for these sections have been supplied by Colorado. Utah and the Northwestern states. The freight rates are excessive, but here in this section the apple grower can reach these markets at about one-third of the cost in freight on apples from the great apple growing sections of the Northwest. This in itself guarantees a good profit to the grower. The varieties of apples that seem to be par excellence here are: Jonathan, the Black Twig, York Imperial, both the Stayman and common Winesap. Of course, Ben Davis, Gano and Black Ben Davis are grown, but the Black Ben Davis seems to outrank the other varieties of the Ben Davis family. Some other newer apples are grown here very successfully and are being planted very extensively, such as King David, Senator, etc. The Delicious grows here almost to perfection, besides a number of other varieties, such as Arkansas Black and apples of that quality, and make a splendid showing. Such apples as Yellow Newtown and Spitzenberg do not seem to be pro- ductive in this section. Peaches of very fine quality are grown and are very prolific, as well as other mem- bers of the peach family. Very few prunes are grown, but grapes of the foreign varieties are giving splendid results. Pecans and almonds are grown with some success. All of the small fruits grow and yield very prolifically. This section of the country demands different methods of handling fruits than the Northwest. The days are quite warm in the fall and winter, hence fruit as soon as gathered from the trees must be taken to cool sheds or cold storage. This may seem a handicap at first, but it is really a good thing. In the Northwest there are sey- eral months in the winter when it is dangerous to ship apples to Eastern markets on account of zero tempera- ture, and to avoid this they must be shipped in the fall and placed in cold storage in the East. Here it is differ- ent. Large cold storage plants have been built, and the apples are removed to the cooling house and shipped at once, or placed in the cold storage plant and taken out and shipped as the market demands at any time of the year, which gives the fruit growers who are organized into the Roswell Apple Association, or stock company, exceptionally fine. A POSTAL WILL BRING OUR PRICES Mr. PLAnter: Weare ready to serve you when you are ready to buy your DONALD GROWN NURSERY STOCK That is what you want, because our stock of fruit and ornamental trees is Our fruit trees were propagated from buds taken from bearing orchards; they are vigorous, healthy, and above all true to name; that stocky body, grown on whole roots, makes them an ideal tree to plant. DONALD NURSERY CO., Donald, Oregon October an opportunity to get the highest price possible for their goods with the shortest haul possible of any apple growing section in the United States. There are very few pests so far in this vicinity. On account of the warm days during the winter the codling moth seems to change from the worm to the moth, and in my examination of orchards that I knew had considerable codling moth last year I could scarcely find a living larvae this spring at the time that we usually expect them— when the trees begin to bud—but found them coming out all winter long, and no doubt they perished, as there was nothing for them to feed upon. This accounts, in part at least, for the inter- mittent attacks of the codling moth in this section of the country, and at no time have they done a very serious damage as compared to the Northwest. The only scale that can be found here is the Putnam scale (aspidiotus ancylus), sometimes mistaken for the San Jose scale, but it is not nearly so dangerous, as it is not so prolific. This scale is commonly called the cotton- wood scale, as it is a native of the United States and is found on the cot- tonwood trees wherever they grow, but it has never done very much damage to orchards. Here, however, it seems to be more prolific than any other place that I have known, and spraying will have to be done sooner or later to exterminate them, which can easily be done. Up to the present time this sec- tion has escaped the pear blight. Now, with regard to apple growing in the other portions of New Mexico, apples are grown in the Rio Grande Valley with varying success. The northwestern counties in the San Juan country seem to be fairly good for the production of apples, although the country is not developed as yet, but may be in the near future. New Mexico is a very large territory and her resources are almost wholly unde- veloped, and to my mind there are greater opportunities for profit along horticultural and agricultural lines than in any other portion of the United States. TREES We ean satisfy you both as to QUALITY and PRICE. Our trees have the highest possible developed ROOT SYSTEM and are TRUE TO NAME. Send for Catalog and Prices Yakima and Columbia River Nursery Co. NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON Salesmen wanted Write for terms WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII Boe ea Horticultural News Notes From Southern Utah By Leon D. Batchelor, Horticulturist ECENTLY it was the pleasure of the writer to visit the Southern part of Utah, commonly known as “Dixie.” This country lies in the extreme southwestern corner of the state, in and around St. George, Wash- ington County. The best fruit sections in this country are a great distance from the railroad—otherwise they would be much better known in the fruit world—in fact it was necessary to take a sixty or seventy-mile stage ride from the railroad to reach this “Dixie” country. The altitude here is about 2,000 feet above the sea, and after passing over a mountain range of about 7,000 feet it was like stepping from winter into summer. At this time, April 28, the roses were in full bloom, peaches were as large as olives and almonds had developed to the size of a small pullet’s egg. The climate is ideal for the produc- tion of European grapes, plums, cher- ries, almonds, apricots, peaches, figs and pears. Pear blight is unknown in this section of the state. In fact the writer observed a pear tree along the river bottom in one of the old towns of the county which must have been between fifty and sixty feet high. This may sound pretty high to some of the fruit growers in the newer sections of the country, and my only regret is that I have no photograph of this tree to verify my statements. The English walnut crop was not damaged by the frost in the least, neither were the other fruits mentioned above. The first crop of alfalfa was being cut at this time, which gives one an idea of the advancement of the season. There are thousands of acres of bench land throughout this country which are admirably adapted for the production of high class fruit. The extensive mountain ranges furnish ample water supply and ideal reservoir sites for the future development of this virgin soil. The soil itself is a rich, sandy loam, which, in many cases, produces the native sage brush to the height of a horse’s back. With the development of a railroad through this country there is every reason to believe that this vast area may be opened up and developed into a fruit section which will be sec- ond to none in the world. At the pres- ent time, however, the main market for the fruit is in the small towns close by, mining camps, etc. Prune Survey of State by the Agricultural College COMPLETE survey of the state in relation to the prune industry is to be undertaken at once by the Oregon Agricultural College. Beginning in the southwest the staff of experts assigned to the work will work north, visiting all the prune centers and studying methods of growing, evaporating, han- dling and shipping the crop. In this connection the diseases and _ pests attacking prunes will be given much attention. Frank R. Brown of Camas, Washington, who graduated from the horticulture department of the Oregon Agricultural College last year, and who has since been foreman of the college experimental orchard, will go out on this survey work, and will be joined later by Mr. Frederick G. Bradford, a Harvard graduatae who has been called from the University of Maine, where he has just completed three years of spe- cial graduate study. The orchard sur- vey will begin in Douglas County, and will work north from there. It will not be attempted to visit every prune orchard in the state, but the experts will go to practically all of the prune centers and make complete surveys. The first circuit will include such points as Roseburg, Riddles, Myrtle Creek, Crane, Yoncalla, Creswell and Eugene. The second will cover the vicinity of Salem, taking in the famous Liberty-Rosedale district, Dallas, Sheri- dan, North Yamhill, Lafayette, New- berg and the Waldo Hills country. In Eastern Oregon a third circuit will cover Mosier, The Dalles, Freewater- Milton and the Grand Ronde Valley. After the field survey as to methods of growing prunes has been completed the study of evaporation systems will be taken up, with investigation of the comparative merits of various types of dryers, of fuel efficiency, of the type of fruit they turn out and the general economy of handling the crop. In con- nection with these investigations the college will interest itself especially in a study of what is known as “prune drip,” which is causing enormous losses to growers. This sort of “sugaring” sometimes causes a loss of fifty per cent. The experts are hoping to throw some light on the cause of drip to dis- cover whether it is a matter of evapora- tion or from faulty methods of curing and handling the fruit. A thorough investigation and inspection of the methods of processing will be made, and the results will be published in bulletins to be issued by the college in a regular “prune survey series.” As a result of this survey the college hopes to be able to take up next year the study of some particular problems and experiments in prune growing, for which a thorough knowledge of the field and the processes in present use there is necessary. “Prunes are now selling for the highest price that they have com- manded for years and years,” said Pro- fessor C. I. Lewis, head of the horti- culture department, discussing the com- ing surveys. “The field men, in con- nection with their surveys, will make other observations, especially as to various phases of winter killing. spots and the adaptation of varieties to Page 57 KEROSENE ENGINES REPLACING GASOLINE Our many readers who are about to buy farm engines will be pleased to know that the high price of gasoline is nothing to become alarmed about. As a matter of fact gasoline is not, and never was, as good an engine fuel as common kerosene (coal oil). Two pints of kerosene, under actual test, give more engine power than three pints of gasoline. So why worry about the price of gasoline so long as kerosene remains so cheap? Kerosene, besides being cheaper and more powerful, pint for pint, than gasoline, is much safer. It never explodes, nor does it waste by evaporation. Kerosene is more convenient to buy, too. You can get it at any store cheap, while gasoline is always high, and not every storekeeper handles it. A great many of our readers are taking advantage of the Detroit Engine Works’ offer to ship a kerosene engine on fifteen days’ free test to prove that kerosene beats gasoline in every way. We suggest to all our readers that they, before buying a farm engine of any description, look into the kerosene engine. A man with the “Amazing Detroit” not only has an engine especially equipped for kerosene, but when necessity arises he can use benzine, distillate, alcohol or gasoline. This engine sells at _a very low price, so anybody can easily afford one. It comes ready to run and is a_ perfect engine for pumping, sawing, threshing, churning, separating milk, grinding feed, etc. A postal mailed today to the Detroit Engine Works, 507 Bellevue Avenue, Detroit. Michigan, brings catalogue, prices and full explanation of fifteen days’ free trial offer. * INDIANA’S EARLY ORCHARDS.—tThe first orchards planted in the Middle West were started by Johnny Appleseed, or John Chap- man, who obtained his seed from the cider mills of Western Pennsylvania and scattered them along the streams and through the woods of the Indiana wilderness. From his day to this it has been evident to members of the Indiana State Horticultural Society that Indi- ana has both soil and climate for fruit cul- ture, and what is needed now is to revive the spirit and determination of the pioneers who brought the first orchards into bearing. This revival is expected to come through the apple show held in Indianapolis, Indiana, opening November 6. Editor Beller Fruit: We are in receipt of your letter of Septem- ber 21, and thank you for the courtesy of put- ting us on your complimentary list. We have used your magazine constantly, not in check- ing up the advertisement, but for reference with our patrons. We think it the best publi- cation of its kind we have ever seen, and are looking forward to a big season next year through the help of its advertisement. Very truly yours, Crest Chemical Co., Seattle, Wash- ington. * OPEN FOR SETTLEMENT Orchard Lands, Irrigated No Cash Payment Required We need settlers—not their money. Irrigated orchard tracts in the famous Rogue River Val- ley, Southern Oregon; prairie land, ready for the plow; no timber, no rocks. Water now on the ground. Unequaled for productiveness and climate. This proposition, and financial stand- ing of company, indorsed by national banks, leading business men and financial agencies. Only irrigation company in the Northwest per- mitting settlers to make the land pay for itself. We also sell improved orchard tracts on small monthly, semi-annual and annual payments to those who are unable to make residence at the present time. Send for illustrated descriptive matter. ROGUELANDS INCORPORATED, 1018 Chamber of Commerce Building, Portland, Oregon, or Medford, Oregon. WANTED—Good Housekeeping Magazine re- quires the services of a representative in the Northwest to look after subscription renewals and to extend circulation by special methods which have proved unusually successful. Sal- ary and commission. Previous experience de- sirable, but not essential. Whole time or spare time. Address, with references, J. F. Fair- banks, Good Housekeeping Magazine, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York City. WHOLE ROOT TREES Are the only kind to set. Now is the time to make arrangements for your next fall’s requirements. We have a large, full line, and ask that you correspond with us. CARLTON NURSERY CO. CARLTON, OREGON Page 58 c=) < localities for all kinds of fruits, includ- ing apples, pears and cherries. This work will be carried on in conjunction with the department of plant pathology, and an attempt will be made to dis- cover whether difficulties are due to climatic conditions alone or to faulty methods of handling the orchards and crops, or to diseases and pests. The work will eventually take in nearly all the fruit regions of Oregon.” The blanks printed for the use of the survey will afford a mine of exact information on fruit growing in the state when they have been filled out. They will contain the location as to elevation, county and township; the name of the owner and his postoffice address; the site and plan of planting; the general aspect, distance between trees, kind and variety of fruit; the age of bearing, amount of blossoms and of fruit set at time of inspection. It will show what kind of stock was used, the height of the head and the maturity of the crop; the kind of soil and its value per acre; the irrigation methods that are employed, the number of times it is watered and the age of the trees. The cultivation, pruning, cost per acre and number of acres will be recorded. Any fungous diseases or insect pests attacking the fruit will be noted; the kind of sprays used and time of appli- cation, with their cost; the cover crops and fertilizers employed; the past and present condition of the trees, drainage, amount of thinning undertaken, size of the fruit and cost of the work. The manner of picking and the price paid for that part of the orchard labor will be listed, as well as the number of pounds produced to the acre, that the cost of production per pound may be determined. The selling price per pound from that orchard in each of the past six years, the method of dis- posing of the crop, the owner of the dryer and the amount of frost injury, all will be a matter of permanent rec- ord at the college when the survey is completed. Editor Better Fruit: Your July number is too big and complete to mention anyway but briefly. You have put before the fruit growers in a very com- plete way the other side of fruit marketing. It will help enormously to a better understand- ing. I hope, too, that your August number will get into the dealers’ hands in a very gen- eral way. They, too, have an incomplete point of view; perhaps not so much one sided, though, as that of the average fruit grower. You have my sincere congratulations on the idea and its development. ‘Better Fruit’? has taken a very high place in the study of the problem of marketing our apples. With kindest regards, R. M. Winslow, Victoria, B. C. Perfection Truck Company of North Yakima, Washington, are putting on the market a new truck for handling fruit, which is the latest and probably the best truck on the market. You have seen the old swing trucks used in many localities, which for many years seemed to fill the bill, but in using them the truck- man had to handle every package from the truck to place it in the pile. In this way five boxes were handled by one man at one time, and it occurs to us that it will be a great labor saving, and consequently a matter of economy for all associations and packing houses, in fact for everybody handling fruit in packages where it has to be moved from one place to another. Further particulars about this truck may be obtained by address- ing The Perfection Truck Co., North Yakima, Washington, whose ad appears elsewhere in this paper. BETTER FRUIT October APPLES PEACHES PEARS STRAWBERRIES In Car Lots THE HUMPHREYS COMMISSION .CO. JOHN M. WALKER, President Wholesale Fruits and Produce 1516 to 1522 Market Street, Denver, Colo. Denver is a Good Market Grasses VETCHES ALFALFA, GRAINS anp CLOVERS, We offer to you in any quantity and at lowest market price our new crop of ‘‘Diamond Quality” Selected, Re-cleaned Farm and Field Seeds including Special Mixtures for Special Purposes. Cover Crops for Orchards Dry Land Pasture Mixture—Wet Land Pasture Mixture—Special Mixture for Burned-Over Land. Write to-day for Samples—Compare them— Note their purity and weight—Or, send in your order at once. We guarantee prompt and careful attention and full value for the money. Write for Catalog No. 200 PORTLAND SEED COMPANY Portland, Oregon (QE “e. LL SPRING VETCH (Vicia Sativa) for sections West of the Cascade Mountains. WINTER VETCH (Vicia Villasa) for sections East of the Cascade Mountains, Don’t Buy Trees Until You See Us We are giving the biggest values for the least money on any nursery stock you can get. Quality unequalled at unparalleled low prices. Place your order now for prompt fall shipment. Address 67 E. 76th St. North, Portland,Ore. BENEDICT NURSERY CO. Hood River Valley Nursery Company Route No. 3, Box 227 HOOD RIVER, OREGON Phone 325X Will have for spring delivery a choice lot of one-year-old budded apple trees on three-year-old roots, the very best yearlings possible to grow. Standard varieties from best selected Hood River bearing trees— Spitzenbergs, Yellow Newtowns, Ortleys, Arkansas Blacks, Gravensteins, Baldwins and Jonathans. All trees guaranteed first-class and true to name. Start your orchards right with budded trees from our nursery, four miles southwest from Hood River Station. WILLIAM ENSCHEDE, Nurseryman H. S. BUTTERFIELD, President Authentic Information REGARDING HOOD RIVER VALLEY We will be glad to furnish you with full details of our valley and give you a list of what we have for sale in improved and unimproved land. At the present time we have some desirable buys. Will send you literature on request. Reference: Any bank or business house in Hood River. Guy Y. Edwards & Co., Agents HOOD RIVER, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQTI BETTER FRUIT Boston’s Superiority As A Point for Exporting By T. S. Herbert Taylor URSUANT to a recent conversation I may say at once that it gives me a great deal of pleasure to take advan- tage of the kindly offer of your valued columns to briefly outline the superi- ority of Boston as a port for the exportation of apples, so that readers of “Better Fruit” may perhaps be brought to appreciate the advantages this port undoubtedly possesses. At the same time I regret that the question is not being dealt with by an abler pen than mine. Before reaching the sub- ject I may be pardoned if I strike the personal note a moment, since I do so at the outset to show that I treat the matter with authority and speak with actual knowledge. Until recently, until I became associated with Messrs. J. & H. Goodwin, fruit brokers of Man- chester, Liverpool and Hull, England, I was for many years with the Leyland White Star Lines—the steamship com- bine—during which time I was located at various ports in Canada and along the Atlantic seaboard. In later years I devoted the greater part of my time to developing the apple traffic. So much, and perhaps too much, about myself, but it will be seen that I am thoroughly conversant with conditions, and the methods of handling and ship- ping this perishable commodity at all ports, both in this country and in Europe. Now, I can say to you that no port can equal Boston for facilities. Certainly at no other port is the fruit handled to such good advantage. First, and perhaps most important, there is the question of handling—a matter of vital interest. At Boston there is absolutely no lighterage. All teaming is also eliminated. The cars as shipped are run into a covered shed on the pier, at which the receiving steamer is loading. In other words, the cars go direct from the shipping point to alongside steamer without breaking bulk and without leaving the railway irons. The floor of the dock shed is on a level with the bottom of the car; thus the boxes are wheeled direct from the car on trucks and have simply to be moved some forty or fifty feet to the ship’s hatchway. Not only does this assure a minimum of han- dling, but the fruit is always kept under cover and is protected from the weather, as it should always be in the fall and winter seasons, during which is is shipped. It would be a revelation to your shippers who are acquainted with conditions at other ports, New York, say, to visit the new fireproof docks at East Boston, the terminals of the Boston & Albany Railroad (New York Central lines), and see their boxed apples being taken direct from cars on trucks, as described, and then placed at the foot of the gangways to the steamer in wooden trays, or large boxes, instead of the customary rope slings. This method of taking the boxes from the dock to the ship’s hold alone avoids considerable damage, which inevitably results when boxes are slung together. It would also be interesting for your friends to view the other large terminals of the Boston & Maine Railroad, operating with the Erie Despatch and other through con- nections, where at any time during the season our friends in the trade would see large quantities of apples being handled as they should be. The impor- tance of this whole question of reduc- ing the physical handling of the fruit to a minimum is too obvious to dwell upon further. A word here as to modus operandi where apples are held at seaboard in Boston refrigerator stor- age. Here also the cars can be taken under cover at the storage warehouse, and the boxes placed directly from the cars into the refrigerator compartment. I noticed in one of your late issues a cut showing a car being unloaded into the warehouse of the Boston Terminal Refrigerating Company, well illustrat- ing the above. When these _ stored apples are reshipped the boxes are again loaded directly into a car, which is then switched to the docks. The plant of the cold storage warehouse mentioned is located but a_ stone’s throw from the East Boston docks, and from this and other stores cars can be loaded and placed alongside ship at the Boston & Maine terminal or any other berth in the harbor in the course of any day upon the shortest notice. Now, as to shipping facilities. There are three lines maintaining services to Liverpool from Boston, one of which alone—the Leyland line—dispatches during the fall and winter apple sea- son regularly a steamer every week, sailing on Saturdays. On all of these steamers, and those of the Cunard line, refrigerating space is readily obtained. There will be weekly sailings of steam- ers to London, with refrigeration avail- able, during this coming season. Every ten days it is intended to have a sail- ing for Manchester, these steamers also being provided with refrigeration. There are also frequent sailings for Glasgow and other ports. Nowhere do railway and steamship officials co-oper- ate as they do in Boston in the general interests to insure prompt clearances of perishable property, hence delays Page 50 are unknown. To emphasize’ the importance of this let us suppose a case where a car of apples has missed a Liverpool steamer, or say Manches- ter or London, on account of steamer just sailing, there is always another steamer on the berth with refrigera- tors ready, and no transfer by teams or lighterage is necessary. The car is merely replaced by a short switching around to another dock should the fol- lowing steamer not sail from the same pier. It should be noted here that no expense is incurred at Boston beyond the flat railroad rate, no transfer charges of any kind, no _ shipping brokerage or forwarding fee. This is also true of apples stored in Boston in transit, which are afterward exported, in which case shipper only pays actual railroad freight—that is, the through rate from point of shipment to steamer plus net storage charges. As the advantages of the port are becoming better known from season to season, Boston is obtaining a greater share of the apple shipments. For instance, last season many thousands of barrels were shipped from Virginia past Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York for exportation from Boston. This fact speaks for itself, and can be accounted for in no other way than that the exporters have come to appre- ciate the importance of better han- dling and the facilities affording better serivce throughout. For the reasons given above, and were it not for the fact that I am reluctant to tax your patience and space to greater length, I could cite many more; many export- ers have decided to operate from Bos- ton because of the more favorable working conditions there. Our firm, Messrs. J. & H. Goodwin, after operat- ing in Canada and in the United States for years, exporting heavily from the various ports, has centralized its export business at Boston, and we clear everything possible from that port. We find that we can control shipments better and have greater opportunities to exercise proper supervision over consignments. In conclusion, I repeat that if our exporting friends will but look into the situation they will, in their own interests and that of the fruit, use Boston more freely when making direct export shipments. APPLES R.H. PENNINGTON & CO. Incorporated Main Office, EVANSVILLE, INDIANA Branches—St. Louis, Missouri; Owensboro, Kentucky; Vincennes, Indiana; Paducah, Kentucky ~eeLlES WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 00 BETTER FRUIT “See America First” Convention Held May, 1912 HE “See America First” convention to be held in Baltimore during May, 1912, is already being much talked about through the press and by the people generally. The plant of the committee in charge, appointed by Mayor Preston, and of which Mr. Henry F. Baker is chairman, is to make the display one of the greatest ever seen. Through this Baltimore move- ment “See America First” is becoming a by-word everywhere. Mary, as she starts off on a fifty-mile automobile trip, calls back: “Good-bye, mamma; I am going to ‘See America First.’” It is “See America First” with everybody at all hotels and the slogan is becoming general. President Taft, United States senators, governors and other promi- nent people have already commended the movement, and the governors of many of the states have appointed committees to arrange for the exhibit of their respective states. The display will be largely pictorial and _ topo- graphical, and both the Baltimore com- mittee, which will have entire charge of the arrangements for the conven- tion, and the Maryland committee, which will arrange for the _ state exhibit, are expected to get very busy in the near future now that the vaca- tion period is over. Listen to what one of the most talked about United States senators, Hon. Luke Lee of Tennessee, has to say about the movement in a letter to the Greater Baltimore committee: “It gives me great pleasure to indorse most cor- dially the object and purposes of the ‘See America First’ convention. I feel sure that Tennessee will be much inter- ested in your movement when under- stood here, and I will be glad to do all I can to bring the convention before the people of Tennessee, so that it will be understood.” “I enclose you a list of delegates I will appoint to repre- sent Virginia at the convention,” wrote Governor Mann of Virginia, “and will be glad for the committee to write each of them such particulars in reference to the matter as it may deem proper.” “T should be very glad, indeed, to be present, but my term ends in Decem- ber of this vear, and I have no doubt that my successor would be more in HEADQUARTERS FOR CENTURY SPRAY PUMPS Hose, Nozzles, First- class Plumbing Supplies C.F. SUMNER Successor to Norton & Smith HOOD RIVER, OREGON evidence, and better in evidence than I would at that time,” said Governor Willson of Kentucky. From the pri- vate secretary of Governor Glasscock of West Virginia comes this message: “IT beg to say that we are holding Gov- ernor Crothers’ letter in regard to this convention, and will appoint delegates at some time in the near future. The governor is not able at this time to say whether he will be able to attend the convention or not.” Governor O’Neal of Alabama says: “I will take up the matter of appointment of delegates as soon as I possibly can, and will take pleasure in attending the convention myself if official duties will permit.” Governor John Burke of North Dakota says: “I shall be very glad to appoint delegates to this convention, for I am heartily in sympathy with its object.” Governor Jarred T. Sanders of Louisi- ana says: “Later on I will appoint del- egates to the ‘See America First’ con- vention. Best wishes for the success of the movement.” Governor Lee Cruce of Oklahoma must be quite familiar with newspaper work. This is the way he writes Mandel Soner, press representative of the Greater Baltimore committee: “I shall give the newspaper dope to the press boys here, as per your request. I cannot tell at this time whether I shall be able to be with you in May, 1912, or not. It is impossible to foretell what an hour may bring forth.’ Governor Frear of Hawaii has sent this message to Gov- ernor Crothers in reply to his letter asking co-operation in the “See Amer- ica First” movement: “I took the matter up at once with several organi- NEW PLANT PATHOLOGIST The Oregon Agricutural College has just recently added to its staff of plant pathology experts Mr. F. D. Bailey, a graduate of the botany department at the University of Wis- consin, whose specialty is plant diseases. Mr. Bailey takes his degree of master of science at Wisconsin this summer. His study of “A Fuserium Disease of Cabbage,” upon which he wrote an able thesis, is considered an especially meritorious piece of work, and he is thought to be a distinct addition to the strength of the department. October zations in this city which would natur- ally be interested in the movement, with which movement, I hardly need to add, I am in entire sympathy. Nothing definite has as yet been done.” Harken to the words of a great newspaper man, Mr. Harry Chandler, treasurer and assistant general manager of The Times, Los Angeles, California: “The ‘See America First’? convention deserves the support of the entire country, for there are many people who spend their good money abroad seeing sights which in no way compare with the beauties of our own land. It is doubtful whether or not I shall have the pleas- ure of being in Baltimore during this convention, but assure you that if I am in the East at the time will be glad to visit Baltimore. You are correct when you say that ‘Los Angeles must be one of the garden spots of the world.’ It is, indeed, God’s country, and is the most rapidly growing city in the world.” To the Greater Baltimore committee he says: “We had, of course, learned of the municipal and state development campaign which is under way to bring Baltimore and Maryland to the front, and think it is a very worthy undertaking and wish you success.” H. M. Woir, editor of the Municipal Development Magazine, Bloomington, Illinois, says: “I think that the movement is of vast impor- tance, and personally have advocated many times to friends and acquain- tances the great opportunity of inter- esting travel that this country affords. I have had the good fortune to have traveled in practically every country of the civilized globe, but at the same time never lost sight of the fact that in seeing the entire part of the United States I was educating myself along lines that other countries did not offer.” After seeing these strong commenda- tions of the movement by such promi- nent men, Mr. Edwin lL. Quarles, director of the Greater Baltimore com- mittee, said: “The world has always placed a premium upon men with con- structive minds. Solomon’s_ greatest work was building a temple. Our work now is to make the ‘See America First’ convention the greatest thing that ever happened.”—Contributed. YOUNG BEARING ORCHARD Do you want a comfortable orchard, bearing the best varieties, with a good crop in 1912? Six and one-half acres of Yellow Newtowns and Arkansas Blacks, handsomely situated on the White Salmon River, in a good commu- nity with all advantages, for sale by the owner. PAUL McKERCHER, White Salmon, Washington. Constable & Morgan BROKERS Los Angeles, California WE HAVE THE C-A-S-H BUYERS IQIT Bie AER JEU Storage-in-Transit and the Box Apple Industry HE apple season of 1910 and 1911 will always be remembered as being remarkable for the extremely high prices paid for barreled apples, which have been the highest in the history of the apple industry, and the extremely low prices for box apples, which have been the lowest in the history of the apple industry. The demand at all times has been dull and dragging on boxes and strong and active on barrels. This in spite of the fact that the quality of box apples has always been superior to barreled apples. What is the reason of this paradox? Can it be possible that the more scientific and careful the growing and packing of apples become the less they are appreciated? Has the expert packing of apples, which has reached its highest development in the apple producing sections of the Pacific slope only had the result of making the public prefer the rough-and-ready, slap-dash packing of barreled apples, especially when it is known that the great majority of these barreled apples contain, with the exception of those on the face or top of the barrel—apples suitable only for cooking? No, there is a sensible reason for the fact that box apples have not been wanted and have ruled at low prices. The reason lies in the method of distribution of the two classes of apples. The barrels have been shipped to every market in the country, large and small. There has been a strong demand for them in England and Germany. Western New York fruit houses have had a steady demand and drain on them from the West and South, and from the East and from the lands across the sea. There was about an equal quantity of apples packed in barrels and boxes; the barrels are being consumed in a thousand places, the box crop practi- cally was marketed in two places— Chicago and New York. Of course, there was some small amount of boxes shipped abroad, especially Newtowns, and some few cities like Philadelphia and Boston had a small amount of boxes, but the markets of New York and Chicago were at all times over- supplied. The newspapers were filled with flashing advertisements on the part of a few dealers stating the hun- dreds of thousands of boxes that their firm would have the distinction of han- dling. One Chicago house blazoned forth to the world that they had dis- posed of a thousand cars. The impres- sion was given that the quantity was so unlimited on the part of every large dealer in Chicago and New York that every smaller dealer shut out the temp- tation of investing in them. This absolute lack of intelligent dis- tribution came about through the rigid rules of the railroads regarding freight rates on box apples. One dollar per hundred is the rate on a carload of box apples, whether shipped to Denver, Chicago or New York, and when stored at one point or the other it cannot be reshipped without paying another freight rate. If a storage in transit privilege should be allowed on ship- ments of box apples there would at once develop a system of distribution which would scatter the crop of box apples all over the country; it would place them in consumption where they were most wanted. The crop of box apples, amounting to twenty million boxes, is transported in a month and a half, but it requires nine months to consume it, even though it should be scattered in every city, large and small. By the storage in transit privilege is meant the privilege to ship the car to any warehouse that is desired and later on when the owner desires to market that car of apples to ship it to its ultimate destination and pay for the total services, the through rate from the initial point of shipment to the ultimate destination, and a switch- ing charge in addition, because that is the only extra service in addition to the through haul that the railroad has rendered in granting this privilege. It is impossible for the owner of a considerable amount of box apples, whether he is a grower or an associa- tion of growers, or a merchant who has invested his money in their output, to tell what market during the coming nine months after the crop is gathered will be a desirable market for his apples. He can tell less because it is a new industry and only cities of the MR. J. C. SKINNER who for two years has been secretary and manager of the Hood River Commercial Club, has just tendered his resignation. Mr. Skin- ner, in this line of work, has made a reputa- tion for himself that has extended all over the United States. The people of Hood River appreciate his work, which is not only valu- able but in reality wonderful. He is giving up this line of work to go into commercial business. {Editor’s Note—We desire to call the atten- tion of our readers to the statistics in this issue, most of which were collected by Mr. Skinner, authority being given in each instance to the source. These statistics will be of ines- timable value to apple growers throughout the country, and while these statistics appar- ently cover but a few pages the time required to get all together has covered a period of three months. | Page 61 larger size have developed the use of box apples. With the very great increase in the production of the orchards of the Far West, amounting last year to twenty million boxes, it is essential for the prosperity of the growers in the Far West, or any person who desires any part in that industry, whether rail- roads or warehousemen or merchants, to do a lot of missionary work in scat- tering the crop and introducing it to the cities of smaller size and the Euro- pean markets. A lot of this missionary work has already been done, and the crop would flow to cities of the second class as well as the first class if the railroads would see to it that a flexible method of distribution was permitted by granting the storage-in- transit privilege. The greatest benefit would go to the railroads between Chicago and New York. In that dis- trict lies half the wealth of the country, and half the crop of box apples should be there distributed. With the excep- tion of one railroad, the Erie, the other transcontinental lines from Chicago to the East have next to nothing of this traffic. The storage-in-transit privilege would give to them a very large share of this traffic. It is of the utmost importance, therefore, that all growers’ associations and all apple dealers should bring this information to the attention of the head officials of rail- roads—it will help them more than it will help the general industry. In addition, it is a matter of importance to all persons interested in the apple industry, whether in barrels or boxes, because if the box industry is placed upon a healthy and profitable basis the capital available for investment in apples will flow toward that part of the industry and leave the barreled apples open to a natural competition, but not to the excessive competition that now exists.—Contributed. Car Lots Broker and Distributor of Apples, Pears Peaches, Prunes Now distributing for the largest deciduous shippers of Northern Cal- ifornia, also agent for Chase & Co., packers, Florida. R. H. WYTHE 809 North Fourth Street ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI ORCHARDIST SUPPLY HOUSE FRANZ HARDWARE CO. Hood River, Oregon Page 02 BETTER FRUIT Oregon Apple Show and Horticultural Society By F. W. Power, Secretary HE management of the Oregon State Horticultural Society has set November 15 to 17, inclusive, for its twenty-sixth annual meeting in Port- land, Oregon. The program will be unusually strong, and will consist of live, practical topics, handled by men whose experience entitles their opin- ions to respect. In order that the pro- gram may be made as nearly as pos- sible responsive to the needs of every grower, members are invited to mail the secretary any question they would like brought before the meeting for answer or discussion. The fruit show, which in recent years has become such a prominent feature at the annual meetings, will it is believed surpass all previous shows put up by the society. It is proposed this year to make a special effort to give dried fruits, and especially the dried prune, the prominence to which its importance entitles it. This is as it should be because the financial returns from evaporated prunes in Oregon equals those derived from the apple. The management is especially desirous of emphasizing the importance of the proper curing of prunes, as on the proper curing the stability of the industry largely depends. To this end they will offer exceedingly attractive premiums for the best cured evaporated prunes, and they ask that all growers COME TO VIRGINIA Homes for all, health for all, happiness and independence for all. Ideal climate; no malaria, no mosquitoes. Write for our land bulletin, which will interest you. J. R. Meadows, Appomattox, Virginia contribute at least five pounds to this contest. This will be a special contest, passed upon by prune experts, and should prove of great educational value to those interested in evaporated prunes. Another educational feature of the show will be a contest in the nam- ing of varieties of fruits. The society will provide premiums in this contest, which will be open to students of the Oregon Agricultural College making the best record in the contest. This contest will be under the direction of the horticultural department of the Oregon Agricultural College. Grow- ers are requested to contribute typical specimens of each variety they grow to afford material for this contest. Members, by watching this contest, can also test their own ability in naming varieties. It has been decided to throw open the competition in all classes of exhibits (not otherwise specially lim- ited to some district) to growers from other states. It is expected and hoped that our neighbors of Southern Wash- ington especially will respond to this opportunity. The management this year, in place of trying to secure car- loads, is offering about the same amount on smaller exhibits of one hun- dred or fifty-box lots, thinking that more can be induced to compete for such prizes. All premiums this year will well repay anyone taking a prize for bringing their fruit. The Oregon State Horticultural Society, in the twenty-six years of its existence, has performed a valuable work for Oregon horticulture. Its annual meetings and fruit shows should receive the hearty support of all fruit growers of Oregon, CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT NiMuee 7 BETTER ERU PACKING SPECIAL mn GROWN’ PACKED |g B BY E.K.SHEPARD te * a Me BETTER FRUIT PUBLISHING COMPANY HOOD RIVER. OREGON “Better Fruit” per year.. $1.00 The Fruit Grower 1.00 — total, $2.00 Will send them Both for, per year $1.50 WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT October TRAPPERS GET READY BIG MONEY IN FURS Over ten million dollars will be paid to trappers of fur bearing anunals during the coming winter. Any man or boy living in the country can add a goodly sui to his earnimgs by trappimg during spare mo- mnments. WefurnishA BSOLUTELY FREEacomplete Trapper’s Guide which tells you the size of trap aud kind of bait to use for the differentanimals, how tore- moye the skins and prepare thein for market. We also furnish the best traps and baits at lowest prices. We receive more furs direct from trapping grounds than any other house in the world, theretore ean pay the highest prices forthem. Our price lists,shipping tags, etc., are also FREE for the asking. If you are @ trapper or want to become one, write to us today. We will help you. F. C. TAYLOR & CO. GREATEST FUR HOUSE IN THE WORLD 9165 Fur Exchange Building, St. Louis, Mo. Are You Interested in guaranteed, high-grade nursery stock? Does it make any difference to you what quality of stock you plant? We know it does, and for that reason we feel certain that you will consider the Toppenish Nursery Company before placing your order. Our trees are guaranteed, and they have no equal. Let us figure with you on your this season’s needs. We have this year, due to exceptionally favorable growing con- ditions, the finest lot of stock you ever saw, the kind of stock that grows from the day it’s planted. arse We are needing a few live salesmen to take exclusive charge of good territory in various sections of the Northwest. Write us for our terms to salesmen. Toppenish? Nursery Company Toppenish,, Washington Unsurpassed Nursery Stock grown in the famous Yakima Valley Orchard Tract Ten acres rich orchard land in famous Rogue River Valley. Write for descrip- tion GIRUNS, 18, JSUICIKS, Independence, Oregon. FRUIT “Better Fruit” subscribers demand the “Better Box. and price. Western Soft Pine. Light, strong and durable. CAN MAKE TWO CARLOADS DAILY Washington Mill Co. Wholesale Manufacturers Spokane, Washington IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 63 YOU SHOULD PLANT PEDIGREED TREES In setting out an orchard everyone should use the same care in selecting his trees as he would in selecting the best seed or in selecting breeding animals to improve his herd. By careful selec- tion and the propagation of nursery stock, the habits and fruit- producing qualities of the trees may be improved to a great extent, in the same way that one breeds up the quality of animals. Winfield Trees Mean Quality Our stock is propagated from trees that are producers and prize winners. Every block in the Winfield Nursery is tagged, referring to the record of these trees on file in our office. taken at random. your By our methods of propagation you are more sure of getting your trees more absolutely true-to-name than where the scions are I am sure that if I could talk to you I could convince you that our methods are correct. letters endorsing our growers and horticulturists connected with the agricultural col- I would like to show methods from the prominent fruit leges, but as it is impossible to visit every man who intends to set of the most grower. For instance, in today. our Jonathan block, the scions were selected from the individual trees that produced the fruit that won the prize for Jonathans at It is a well known fact that the National Apple Show at Spokane. individual trees in an orchard will bear oftener and more regu- larly than other trees in the same orchard. not only by bringing fruit for exhibit but also by joining the society, as Ore- gon should have at least one thousand members. For further particulars address the secretary at 308 Sherlock Building, Portland, Oregon. The premium list is not fully pre- pared, but is given below in as com- plete form as is possible at this time: On dried fruits it is up to several of the large packers as to what they think would bring out the most dried fruit, but there will be at least $100 cash prizes in addition to medals and diplomas. The following nurseries have recently offered to donate nursery stock as _ prizes, but have not been assigned to varieties: Oregon Nursery Co., $100 in trees; Vineland Nursery Co., 100 Spitzenberg trees; Yakima Independent Nursery Co., 506 3 to 4-foot assorted apple trees; J. B. Pilkington, 100 Rome Beauty trees 4 to 6-foot, for best box Rome Beauty; Milton Nursery Co., 250 two- year Yellow Newtown Pippin trees. The prizes on dried prunes will be to growers on best cured product in five-pound lots on 40s and 60s, and on those larger than 40s, and will be either $5 or $10 as first prize, with second and third prizes. District Prizes—The following prizes are open to any commercial club, fruit growers’ organization, grower, or any combination of growers in any county or district: No. 1. 100-box lots; total prize $500 cash. Not less than three varieties and at least twenty-five boxes of each variety must be shown. ‘These should be commercial sizes from 88 to 112. First prize, $250 and gold embossed medal; second prize, $125 and silver medal; third prize, $75 and bronze medal; fourth prize, $50. No. 2 50-box lots; total prize $275. Not less than three varieties, nor less than fifteen boxes of each variety; commercial sizes from 88 to 112. First prize, $150 and gold embossed medal; second prize, $75 and silver medal; third prize, $50 and bronze medal. The party winning first prize in No. 1 to donate fifteen boxes to the society and one taking second prize five boxes. Party winning first in No. 2 to donate seven boxes and the one taking second to donate three boxes to the society. These apples are used for advertising purposes. Individual Prizes—All contests, except those mentioned above, to be open to growers only. No. 3. 25-box lots; total prizes $500. First prize, $75 and gold embossed medal; second prize, $50 and silver medal. Prizes of $125 will be offered as above on four varieties: Baldwin, Jonathan, Spitzenberg and Yellow Newtown. No. 4. 10-box lots; total prizes of $200. Five prizes of $40 each will be offered on the following: Arkansas Black, Baldwin, Jona- than, Spitzenberg, Yellow Newtown. First prize, $30; second prize, $10. 5-box lots; total prizes, $250. $15; second prize, $10. Ten prizes of $25 each will be offered on the following: No. 12, Arkansas Black; No. 13, Baldwin; No. 14, Ben Davis or Gano; No. 15, Grimes Golden; No. 16, Jonathan; No. 17, Northern Spy; No. 18, Ortley; No. 19, Rome Beauty; No. 20, Spitzen- berg; No. 21, Yellow Newtown. 3-box lots; total prizes of $150. $10; second prize, $5. Ten prizes of $15 each will be offered on the following: No. 22, Arkansas Black; No. 23, Baldwin; No. 24, Ben Davis or Gano; No. 25, Grimes Golden; No. 26, Jonathan; No. 27, Northern Spy; No. 28, Ort- ley; No. 29, Rome Beauty; No. 30, Spitzen- berg; No. 31, Yellow Newtown. Single box lots; total prizes of $142.50. First prize, $5; second prize, $2.50. Nineteen prizes First prize, First prize, J. Moncrier, President of $7.50 on the following: No. 32, Arkansas Black; No. 33, Baldwin; No. 34, Ben Davis or Gano; No. 35, Delicious; No. 36, Graven- stein; No. 37, Grimes Golden; No. 38, Hydes King; No. 39, Jonathan; No. 40, King of Tompkins; No. 41, Northern Spy; No. 42, Ort- ley; No. 43, Red Cheek Pippin; No. 44, Rome Beauty; No. 45, Spitzenberg; No. 46, Vander- pool; No. 47, Wagener; No. 48, Winesap; No. 49, Winter Banana; No. 50, Yellow Newtown. In addition to the cash prizes on the single boxes each party winning a first prize on single box will receive one Palmer apple pick- ing bucket valued at $1.50, offered by the Palmer Bucket Co. of Hood River. Plate exhibits; total prizes, $54. No. 51. Best exhibit of apples on plates. First prize, $5; second prize, $2.50; not less than five varieties. Single plate exhibits; total prizes $43.50. First prize, $1; second prize, 50 cents. Twenty- nine prizes will be offered on single varieties on plates. No. 52, Arkansas Black; No. 53, Baldwin, No. 54, Ben Davis; No. 55, Gano; No. 56, Golden Russet; No. 57, Gravenstein; No. 58, Grimes Golden; No. 59, Hydes King; No. 60, Jonathan; No. 61, King of Tompkins; No. 62, Northern Spy; No. 63, Ortley; No. 64, Red Cheek Pippin; No. 65, Rome Beauty; No. 66, Roxbury Russet; No. 67, Spitzenberg; No. 68, Stark; No. 69, Swaar; No. 70, Talman Sweet; No. 71, Vanderpool; No. 72, Vandevere; No. 73, Wagener; No. 74, Wealthy; No. 75, White Winter Pearmain; No. 76, Winter Banana; No. 77, Yellow Bellflower; No. 78, Yellow Newtown; No. 79, York Imperial. No. 80. A diploma will be given for meri- torious display for best plate of any other commerwl variety not mentioned. No. 81. Largest apple. First prize, $2; sec- ond prize, $1. No. 82. Judging contest of apple varieties; total prize, $10. This contest will be open to the students of the Oregon Agricultural College, and to any grower or individual except the judges. This contest will be in complete charge of Professor C. I. Lewis and assistants of the Oregon Agricultural College. A large number of plates of sundry varieties will be on exhibit without names attached, and the party who can give correct names to the largest number will be declared winner. All growers are urged to bring plates of as many varieties as possible to enter in this an orchard either this fall or next spring, we have prepared a booklet called ‘‘Progressive Horticulture,’ which you will find one interesting booklets ever published for the fruit Don’t delay, but write for a copy of “Progressive Horticulture” Address WINFIELD NURSERY Box 5, WINFIELD, KANSAS contest; also if they have any variety and are not sure of the name bring it along; this is your chance to find out what it is. Also bring new and promising seedlings. Five apples constitute a plate. First prize, $7.50; second prize, $2.50. Pears—No. 83. Three-box lots; total prizes, $35. First prize, $25; second prize, $10; third prize, bronze medal. Single box lots; total prizes, $57.50. First prize, $5; second prize, $2.50. Five prizes of $7.50 will be offered on the following: No. 84, B. d’Anjou; No. 85, Comice; No. 86, B. Clairgeau; No. 87, P. Barry; No. 88, Winter Nelis. In addition to the cash prizes on single boxes of pears each one winning a first prize will receive one Palmer apple picking bucket, offered by the Palmer Bucket Co. of Hood River. Pears on Plates—No. 89. Best exhibit on plates. First prize, $5; second prize, $2.50. This exhibit must consist of three varieties. Single plate exhibits; total prizes, $7.50. Five prizes on single plate exhibits will be offered. No. 90, B. d’Anjou; No. 91, B. Clair- geau; No. 92, Comice; No. 93, P. Barry; No. 94, Winter Nelis. No. 95, A diploma will be awarded as meritorious display (where only one entry is made, and as first and second prize where two or more exhibit same variety) for best exhibit of any other commercial variety not mentioned above. not less than Nuts; total prizes, $7.50. No. 96. Best exhibit of nuts. First prize, $5; second prize, $2.50. Five prizes are offered for the follow- ing (first prize, bronze medal; second prize, diploma): No. 97, Franquette Walnut; No. 98, Mayette Walnut; No. 99, Praeparturien Wal- nut; No. 100, Parisienne Walnut; No. 101, Barcellona Filbert; No. 102, Du Chilli Filbert. AUSTIN FINKS BROKERAGE COMPANY “rn3as We are brokers only, selling to exclusive jobbing trade through Central and Southern Texas. Our traveling men get results. Let us sell your apples for you. Your correspondence solicited. FINKS BROKERAGE COMPANY OO LAIE How often it happens we see the opportunity after it is too late to take advantage of it. place your order for Trees With Us Now so that we may reserve first choice trees for you. Why not RUSSELLVILLE NURSERIES H. A. LEWIS, PROPRIETOR RR. ID, INlo; il, | Boxe HOS PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 64 BETTER FRUIT October THE SueceSSFUL PALMER BUCKET IN OPERATION Durable RELEASE Complete all the time. Noth- ing to get out of order, or break. No repairs or buy- easily operated Cannot pick up twigs, spurs or stems. Nocan- vas or strings. RELEASED Practical for apples, pears, peaches, plums, prunes, cherries, tomatoes, and all other tree fruits or bush vegetables. ing of new parts. Useful for years. THE START Send $1.50 to the Palmer Bucket Com- pany, of Hood River, Oregon, for trial bucket. Your money is returned if you are not satisfied PARTLY OPENED EMPTIED Palmer Bucket Co.,Hood River,Oregon FOR LIST OF AGENTS SEE PAGE 53 WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Fourth National Apple Show November 23 to 30 By August Wolf IVE hundred dollars in gold and a massive silver loving cup, suitably engraved, presented by the Interna- tional Apple Shippers’ Association, will be awarded to the exhibitor of the best packed carload entered at the Fourth National Apple Show in _ Spokane, November 23 to 30. The total value of the prizes and premiums is $20,000. The judges will award prizes of $300 to firsts and $100 to seconds in carload Jonathan, McIntosh Red, Rome Beauty, Spitzenberg, Wagener, Winesap, Yel- low Newtown; also on the best mixed car of standard winter varieties, each to consist of at least fifty boxes, and the best car of any standard variety not named in the foregoing. A special premium of $200 is offered for the most artistically decorated entry in the car- load class. “The trustees think this arrangement of the carload prizes will Page 05 and ditsricts than was possible by the terms of the championship contest, which was heretofore a feature,” said Harry J. Neely, first vice-president of the National Apple Show, Inc. “The championship prize was $1,000. It is possible for an exhibitor to receive a similar amount besides gaining three distinct honors: Winning first on pack, first in his class on variety and first for decorative features. Another thing is that certain varieties will not be forced into competition under a handi- cap because of the higher quality rat- contests on each of these varieties: be more satisfactory to all the growers PACIFIC MONTHLY has just closed the most successful and prosperous year in its history. We want to make 1911 even more successful than the year just passed. We want yourname upon our subscription list. Here are a few facts which will help you to decide the question of subscribing, @ The Pacific Monthly is recognized as the most successful independent magazine in the West. It publishes each month artistic and unusual duotone illustrations of beautiful Western scenery, studies of Indian heads, or of animal life, ranging from Alaska, on the North, to Mexico on the South, and as far afield as Japan and the South Seas. From its striking cover design to the last page you will find a feast of beautiful pictures. @ Each month it publishes from five or six short stories by such authors as Jack London, Stewart Edward White, Harvey Wickham, D. E. Dermody, Seumas MacManus, Fred. R. Bechdolt, and other well known writers of short stories. Its stories are clean, wholesome and readable. @ Each month one or more strong articles are published by such writers as William Winter, the dean of dramatic critics, John Kenneth Turner, the author of "Barbarous Mexico", Rabbi Wise, the noted Jewish Rabbi, and John E. Lathrop, who contributes a non-partisan review of national affairs. Charles Erskine Scott Wood contributes each month under the title of "Impressions" a brilliant record of personal opinion. @ The Pacific Monthly has become noted for having published some of the best verse appearing in any of the magazines. Charles Badger Clark, Jr., contributes his inimitable cowboy poems ex- clusively to The Pacific Monthly. Berton Braley, George Sterling, Elizabeth Lambert Wood, Wm. Maxwell, and other well known poets are represented by their best work in our pages. @ A feature that has won many friends for The Pacific Monthly has been our descriptive and indus- trial articles. During the coming year one or more such articles will be published each month. Articles now scheduled for early publication are: "Money in Live Stock on the Pacific Coast", "Suc- cess with Apples","Nut Culture in the Northwest","Success with Small Fruits","Fodder Crops in the Western States". @ In addition to these articles the Progress and Development Section will give each month author- ative information as to the resources and opportunities to be found in the West. To those who are planning to come West, the descriptive illustrated articles on various sections of the West will be invaluable. @ If you want a clean, fearless, independent magazine—one that will give you wholesome, readable stories, authoritative, descriptive articles of the progress being made in the West, a magazine that believes thoroughly in the West and the future destiny of the West—you will make no mistake in subscribing for the Pacific Monthly. Its subscription price is $1.50 a year. To enable you to try it for shorter period, however, we will give a trial subscription of six months for $.50. q Fill out the coupon below and send it with $.50 in stamps to The Pacific Monthly Company, Portland, Oregon. THE PACIFIC MONTHLY COMPANY Portland, Oregon Gentlemen:—Enclosed find fifty cents in acceptance of your special offer of a trial subscription for six months. ing of other apples. The carload con- test calls for entries of 630 boxes, or 210 barrels. The exhibitor must be the owner, lessee or authorized agent of the land where the apples were grown and give a sworn statement when mak- ing entry that the apples were grown in one orchard. The judges will consider quality, color, size, uniform- ity, condition and pack in scoring to make the awards. Another competition is to bring out originality in de- sign and attractiveness of display, not necessarily of a commercial value; is open to associations, districts, so- cieties, lodges or unions hav- ing a membership of more than five persons. Two hun- dred dollars will be awarded for the most unique and artistic display, the second prize being one hundred dollars. Wide latitude is al- lowed in designs and decor- ations, and birds, animals, buildings, maps and other features may be worked out in the scheme. There also will be a similar contest open to individuals, the first prize being $200, with $100 for the second. These dis- plays will be passed upon by a committee of special judges, who will consider only the merits of the unique and artistic sides of the ex- hibits. As an added induce- ment the judges will award premiums of $50 each to the five contestants whose dis- plays rank closest to the winners of first and second prizes. One hundred dollars to the first and $50 to second is offered for general collec- tive displaysof apples grown on irrigated land and shown by commercial clubs, asso- ciations, unions, counties or districts, but not by individ- uals. The same provisions apply for the best general collective display of apples grown on nonirrigated land. The first prize is $100, the second being $50. Fifteen competitions are announced in the ten-box classes, tak- Page 60 ing in standard varieties, with first prizes of $40 and $20 to seconds and added premiums for pack. There will be fifteen competitions in the five-box classes, with first prizes of $25 and second prizes of $15; also added pack prizes. An added contest in this class is for five varieties in as many boxes. The first prize is $50 and $25 for the second. In the single box class there will be thirty competitions, the varie- ties including thirty of the best known standard winter apples, with first prizes of $10 and second of $5. There will be additional prizes on pack. $75 is offered for the heaviest pyramid of fifty apples, weight to determine the award, with $25 as the second prize. Other contests on big apples are for entries of plates of five apples, cir- cumference to determine the awards. The first prize is $25, with $15 to sec- ond. The exhibitor of the largest single apple will receive $20, the sec- ond largest $10. $40 to firsts and $20 to seconds are offered for displays of one barrel, or three boxes, of any vari- ety grown in the Eastern, Middle Western, Southern and Northwestern groups of states and districts or prov- inces outside of the United States. A gold medal banner will be awarded to the manufacturer or distributor of the most practical and economical new appliance for use in planting, cultivat- ing, picking, packing or marketing. The second prize is a silver medal ban- ner. Four hundred prizes of two dol- lars each to firsts are offered for plates of five apples. This competition is CapiTaL StocKx $100,000 SurpLus $22,000 FIRST NATIONAL BANK HOOD RIVER, OREGON F. S. STanLEy, President J. W. Hinricus, Vice President E. O. Brancuar, Cashier V. C. Brock, Assistant Cashier ESPECIAL ATTENTION AND CARE GIVEN TO BUSINESS DEALS FOR NON-RESIDENT CUSTOMERS Thorough and Conservative Assets over $500,000 Savings Bank in connection BE he hee open to all varieties. Cups, gold and silver medals and banners and trophies are offered for exhibits of factory and home-made apple by-products; also for new varieties and photographs and designs reproduced on apples. The added premiums in the foregoing con- tests are nursery stock, orchard imple- ments, spraying machinery and mate- rials, and numerous other articles of value to orchardists. The contests in all classes are free and open to the world, no charge being made for the space occupied in the exhibition halls. Editor Better Fruit: The Fourth Annual Exposition of the National Horticultural Congress will be held in St. Joseph, Missouri, November 23 to December 3, 1911, inclusive. St. Joseph is a very wealthy city of from 90,000 to 100,000 people, and its location for an exposition of this character is ideal. They have a mam- moth new auditorium building three times as large as the one at Council Bluffs, and will be able to properly house and care for an expo- sition many times larger than any of the pre- vious ones. The premium committee will soon be able to send you the preliminary pre- mium list. I can assure you now, however, that when you receive the official premium list that it will be very attractive to you. The educational features will be about the same as last year. The attendance will be four times greater. Now, to get down to business. I want you to get in touch with your growers LADD & TILTON BANK Established 1859 October and have a display there equal to, or better if possible, than the one you had at Council Bluffs last year. I don’t know of anyone in your state or district who can do this better than you, and you will realize the necessity of prompt action. The exposition committee very much desires to have all of the old exhibitors take part in the coming exposition at St. Joseph. Won’t you kindly advise me at once regarding prospects? Mr. Frederick Neudorff of St. Joseph, Missouri, is the president of the local organization. I am to be the superin- tendent and corresponding secretary. Address me at Council Bluffs until October 1, 1911. Sincerely yours, Freeman L. Reed, Superin- tendent National Horticultural Congress, Coun- cil Bluffs, Iowa. Duncan Campbell & Co. 349 DAVIS STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Car Load Brokers and Distribu- tors Citrus and Deciduous Fruits Write or wire us regarding anything you have to offer in carload lots. Want pears for Eastern shipments; also canning pears. Satisfactory references guaranteed. Oldest bank on the Pacific Coast PORTLAND, OREGON Capital fully paid - - Surplus and undivided profits $1,000,000 800,000 Officers: W. M. Ladd, President Edward Cookingham, Vice President W. H. Dunckley, Cashier R. S. Howard, Jr., Assistant Cashier J. W. Ladd, Assistant Cashier Walter M. Cook, Assistant Cashier INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS AND SAVINGS ACCOUNTS Accounts of banks, firms, corporations and individuals solicited. Travelers’ checks for sale, and drafts issued available in all countries of Europe. LESLIE BUTLER, President F. McKERCHER, Vice President TRUMAN BUTLER, Cashier Established 1900 Incorporated 1905 Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Capital fully paid $50,000 Surplus and profits over $50,000 INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS We give special attention to Good Farm Loans If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or if you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY NEW RESIDENTS We are always pleased to extend courteous assistance to new residents of Hood River and the Hood River Valley by advising them regarding any local conditions within our knowledge, and we afford every convenience for the transaction of their financial matters. fully and cordially invited, and we guarantee satisfaction. L New accounts are respect- Savings department in connection. HOOD RIVER BANKING AND TRUST COMPANY HOOD RIVER, OREGON TOIT Bev IE ees Leo CAI Page 07 The Bean Giant. bean Giant = NSE pecepeacls P= from 7 n receptacle THE BEAN GIANT The most perfect power sprayer ever put on the market. It has immense capac- ity, is built low down and is easily moved, affords CONSTANT high pressure, and is free from breakdowns. A new feature— the Bean Refiller—fills the 200-gallon tank in five minutes. No movable parts. Costs less than our rotary, or any other, supply pump. Note the ilus- tration carefully. The Bean Pressure Regulator The greatest single improve- ment ever added to a power sprayer. It enables the operator to maintain an even pressure at SIGN THIS IF YOU WANT A COPY OF OUR NEW CATALOG Bean Spray Pump Co. 213 West Julian Street, San Jose, California. Please send me a copy of your new Catalog as soon as it comes from the press. any desired gauge. We cannot go into minute description in this limited space, but we will gladly send you a descriptive circular that explains this new feature thoroughly. This unique regulator relieves the engine whenever the nozzles are partly or wholly shut off— and uses the full energy only when all nozzles are in use. If you want our sales- manetOnGallcheckmhenre were we |e. In the course of a day, from one-fourth to one-third of the gasoline and the same proportion of wear and tear on the engine and pump are saved by the use of this remarkable feature. And if is always safe and dependable. BEAN SPRAY PUMP Co. 213 West Julian Street, San Jose, California EASTERN FACTORY AT CLEVELAND, OHIO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 68 BETTER FRUIT October Block of One-year-old Budded Apple Trees on Three-year-old Roots—the Kind that Grow and Bear Fruit the Fourth Year Photo taken August 20, 1911 We have a large stock of Yellow Newtown, Spitzenberg, Ortley and other leading varieties to offer. Bear, in mind that all buds were selected from vigorous, prolific trees and are guaranteed true-to-name. We can make attractive prices on large orders for fall delivery. Phone 2002K Address all communications to TRUE-TO-NAME NURSERY, Hood River, Oregon The Cove, Oregon, Cherry Fair By George Rieben, Judge N the nineteenth of July last there was held in the town of Cove a cherry fair which doubtless excelled any similar exhibition of fruit ever held in Eastern Oregon. The principal feature, of course, was the cherries, but there were also several other very interesting items which aided in keep- ing things alive all day, such as musical selections, a speech by “Jerry” Rusk, speaker of the House, baby show and a baseball game. Lunch was served at noon, and one could get all of the free cherries that one wished. The cherry exhibit proper consisted of about one hundred boxes’ Bings, seventy-five Royal Ann, twenty Black Republicans, some Lamberts, some pickled in jars and eighty boxes of mixed varieties used in making pretty designs of various descriptions. These boxes were set on slanting shelves, as in every large fair. They were all packed very neatly and with about a half-inch bulge in the middle, and any of them would have stood shipment very well. The package used was the standard double ten-pound wooden box. It is all the more gratifying for us to know that all, or nearly all, of them were placed upon exhibition in identically the same condition as they were to be placed upon the market, for they were packed with that intention. The com- petition for the ribbons was exceed- ingly close, especially in the Bing and Royal Ann class, and it showed that the growers took much interest in the class of fruit which they put out. After this each of the four largest towns in the Grand Ronde Valley is to have an annual fair—Elgin the apple fair, La Grande the county fair, Union the stock show and Cove the cherry fair. This was the first fair under the new arrangement, and considering every- thing it was a success, and the people of Cove are to be commended for the way in which they entertained their visitors. Scores of premiums to winners at the Fourth National Apple Show have been offered by various manufacturers of orchard implements, publishers of fruit journals, makers of apple boxes and others directly or indirectly inter- ested in the development of the apple business. Among the prizes offered are the following: Number of pruning knives, International Tool Company of Detroit; Edgemont lid press, H. Platt & Sons of Como, Montana; 200 Bolton orchard heaters, Frost Prevention Com- pany of San Francisco; prize to be selected from the Inland Empire Bis- cuit Company; fifty subscriptions to “Better Fruit,’ E. H. Shepard, the editor; fifty subscriptions to the “Northwest Horticulturist,’ C. A. Ton- neson of Tacoma; ten two and a half- pounds tins of “Black Leaf,’ Ken- tucky Tobacco Products Company; Acme orchard harrow, John Deere Plow Company; fifty buckets, Palmer Bucket Company, Hood River, Oregon; extension frame orchard disc harrow, Parlin & Orendorff Plow Company, Portland; loving cup, A. C. Rulofson, Pacific Coast sales agent for the J. C. Pearson Company of Boston; orchard disc harrow, International Harvester Company of America; one thousand fruit boxes, Washington Mill Company of Spokane; two orchard ladders, Ore- gon Ladder & Manufacturing Company; improved orchard machine, Light Draft Harrow Company of Marshalltown, Iowa; lightning fruit picker, Light- ning Fruit Picker Company.—Spokane. Chronicle. Stranahan & Clark DEALERS IN Commercial Fertilizers Land Plaster, Lime Plaster Paris, Cement Building Plasters HOOD RIVER, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1QII BEE Re RU Ta Page 69 CAMBLE-RUBINSON COMMISSION (i), | | Hood River Nurseries Have for the coming season a very complete line of Wholesale Fruits NURSERY STOCK Newtown and Spitzenberg propagated : from selected bearing trees. Make no Our Spectalties mistake, but start your orchard right. Plant generation trees. Hood River (Clark Seedling) strawberry plants in Box Apples quantities to suit. Send for prices. Elberta Peaches RAWSON & STANTON, Hood River, Oregon Ti VV SOURSTSEVERAL, ASSOCIATE HOUSES — HANDLE SEVERAL THOUSAND CAIRS Ql? AIMIPILITS, IPIBACIENaS) ZINID) (OANENSIR Nursery Stock of 2 See FRUITS ANNUALLY. WE WANT TO Absolute Reliability CONMRACH SNOW WATE CARELOAD LO : SHIPPERS : That’s the only kind to buy. Good trees bring success = : and poor trees failure. Fruit growers know this. They do not experiment. They buy non-irrigated, whole root, budded trees, and we number scores of them on our list ASSOCININS EIQUSES: of well pleased customers. We have prepared this season Gamble-Robinson Fruit Co., St. Paul for an immense business. That means trees, trees, trees Gamble-Robinson Fruit and Produce Co., Mankato without limit as to variety and quantity. We also have Gannilo-iQeiiingomn Danke Cay, Aberiosn, Seen IDA REP an immense stock of small fruits and ornamentals. We a , solicit your confidence, and will take care of the rest. Gamble-Robinson Co., Rochester, Minnesota Catalogue on application. *Gamble-Robinson Fruit Co., Oelwein, Iowa Gamble-Robinson Fruit and Produce Co., Pipestone, Minnesota Salem Nursery Company, Salem, Oregon Gamble-Robinson Fruit Co., Miles City, Montana Reliable and live salesmen wanted. G. M. H. WAGNER & SONS EXPONENTS AND PURVEYORS OF High Grade Box Fruits MARKET CREATORS AND DISTRIBUTORS Correspondence invited Located for forty years in the largest distributing market in the world. 123 W. South Water Street, CHICAGO -OLIVIT BROS. **sew3ou"™™ | Commission Merchants FRUITS AND PRODUCE Announce they have been established forty years handling all kinds of fruits. Apples in boxes and barrels are a specialty with us, and we have our salesmen who devote their entire time to selling apples throughout the season. We handle more box apples through our store than any house in New York. We solicit cor- respondence of any nature relating to apples or the fruit business in general, in advance of the season. We can furnish the best of references and can handle your erop to the best possible advantage. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 70 BETTER FRUIT October THIS IS A MONEY MAKER. WRITE US Greatest of all known varieties. aroma of wild berry. SURPLUS OF 1,011,627 TREES APPLE RomeyBeautya). a. cea oe ee eee eee 114,275 WineSape Satine © ea iien nae wae Sas 141,833 Stayman Winesap .........:.....s0+4- 17,064 4 NEwmOwin IPN scoosasacacossocusoace 106,278 i Jonathan's. eis seks Wace esse are 140,212 mal Wale ON OLasaeeo He autos cud sitet on eRe eee 57,690 WeliciOusts 13 oct ae ae 25,499 La | Grimes) Golden an hxc aie ee 38,093 La] Spitzenber esate. soci ee 54,301 4 Arkansas blacks seas not cna ineee 2,450 tH MeIntoshetiassce cia tee ore 56,646 a Wale ty eI Sts vis, 2 shod ictede-ties ne eee eee 13,645 iI PEACH yy 1310 oYSICT Soro ah Petersen a aE ERERE REE tee 107,797 fA SS EUDIWie Ve meat gee fits Shei lou sai ray en cohiet cee ee 20,488 A ILE WO} Oh YA cease crear ey Neer ene eonrcns cn oo oso 6.0 19,391 mM HarlyaGrawondunn opener ee 37,848 a Water Graw ford ures cranes cucivse eee eee 10,388 ) Carmeny san Mier a Re ee 7,432 Tuscan Gling. <5 4.5205 sel ee 2,284 be Phillips iClines tcc... ee 5.410 APRICOT i MOOR park yes J osadic scat no: eee 14,308 < CHERRY (e) Binge tena ka. on ae 4,507 Tamibert Gt yi duhe lassie o. en, ee 7,893 © OWLS PARAIN yess sesiet wre So sp sticjasscvecel eke eye e EEG 1,856 is) VIAILETIES eerie eo ae ct a Ge Oe 2,291 GOODELL BERRY Has size, quality, color, sweetness and PLUM Yield immense; $500 worth of berries marketed Varietiesy i aeciia caren eee 1,723 from half acre. Write for circular and prices. THE SUNNYSIDE NURSERY CO., Sunnyside, Washington a The Governor’s Special N event of the utmost importance to the State of Oregon and the entire West is about to take place in the departure of a monster special train laden with exhibits of the prod- ucts of this state and each one of the other twelve that comprise the mighty Western empire. This train is to be called the “Governors’ Special” from the fact that it will number among its passengers, if the plans now under con- sideration take effect, each one of the thirteen governors of the West, com- prising the chief executives of the States of Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, Cali- fornia, Wyoming, North and South Dakota, Nebraska and Minnesota. The “Governors’ Special” will be made up at Omaha immediately after the big land show that is to be held there, and will visit all of the impor- tant cities in the East. The commit- tees in each state having the matter in charge will send their most compre- hensive exhibits to Omaha, where each will become an integral part of the complete exhibit of the resources of the West, for the purpose of making a tour of the East. Among the cities to be visited are Omaha, Chicago, Pitts- burg, New York City, Washington, D. C., and St. Paul, and from the inter- est already created in the forthcoming visit of the train in those cities the tour will be fraught with exceptional opportunities for creating an exodus from the crowded centers of the East to the boundless stretches of the West. Each state participating is called upon to contribute $1,000 as its share of the expenses of the trip in addition to fur- nishing its exhibit. On account of the large number of states included in the monster exhibit the individual expense is very low, and never before have the states of the West had the opportunity of advertising their resources so thor- oughly in such a promising field at so little expense. On this account it is hoped that each state will not delay in the matter of arranging for its par- ticipation. Before disbanding at St. Paul, the “Governors’ Special” will exhibit at all of the big land shows and fairs in the East, thereby assuring that the resources of the West will be thor- oughly exhibited to the farmers of the Eastern states. In view of the fact that the East has suffered from a disastrous drought during the past summer while the West, and especially the Northwest, is enjoying a harvest of more than ordi- nary magnitude, the present is an opportune time to display the agricul- tural and horticultural prosperity of the Northwest to the drought stricken populace of the Middle West and the East. Ex-Governor James H. Brady of Idaho, president of the Western Devel- opment Association, under whose aus- pices the trip will be made, is the orig- inator of the plan, and to him is due the credit of the immense success that it has met. In the beginning the project was regarded as being one of too great proportions to be accomplished, and but little encouragement was given Mr. Brady, but a brief time had elapsed, however, until there was a general rec- ognition of the advantages to be gained by such a trip, and as a result each state in the West has taken up the proposition with enthusiasm. Gover- nor M. E. Hay of Washington has wired Reilly Atkinson of Boise, who has been appointed manager of the train, stating that Washington would participate and that he would be one of the number of Western governors who would be on the “Governors’ Special.” Washing- ton is the first state that has served official notice of its participation in the movement destined to give such an impetus to the development of the great Northwest, but it is thought that all will have served similar notice in a few days. President Brady and Man- ager Atkinson left on Monday for Omaha to complete the final details of the project.—Contributed. FOR SALE—Ten acres in Mount Hood region, on which is located store, creamery, ice cream parlor, butcher shop, three-story warehouse, slaughter house and small barn. The sale will also include a cow, three horses and wagon. Creamery equipped with $1,500 worth of mod- ern machinery, and butcher shop with $200 worth. Living apartment in rear of store, with sitting rooms and ten bedrooms overhead. Fine well six feet from rear of house. Will take Portland property in part payment. Write or call on S. A. Helmer, 53 North 18th and Davis, Portland, Oregon. won BETTER FRUIT Page 71 APPLE STORAGE—410,000 Box Apples Capacity Our Apple Department is constantly in touch with the market and we are therefore in a position to give storage customers best results INSURANCE RATE LOW EBNER ICE AND COLD STORAGE CO. Main Office, VINCENNES, INDIANA Plants at Vincennes, Indiana; Flora, Illinois; Seymour, Indiana; siete Indiana Rae & Hatfield 317 Washington Street, New York Largest Handlers of Pacific Coast Fruits in the East REPRESENTING THE FOREMOST WESTERN SHIPPING COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS ON THE NEW YORK MARKET Operating in All Producing Sections RELIABLE EXPERIENCED PROMPT J.& G. LIPPMANN IN BUSINESS OVER 30 YEARS Incorporated—Capital $100,000.00 On one of the most conspicuous corners of the fruit and produce district. Handle all kinds of produce and want to get in touch with Western shippers of peaches, plums, prunes, etc. Box apples we shall make’a specialty. Prepared to handle business of large associations, being fortified with ample capital to take care of any deal. Correspondence solicited. = ! Hive orice 4) and Cellar Coe ae J. & G. LIPPMANN Washington Streets. 338-340 Washington and 46-48 Harrison Streets, NEW YORK CITY We Want all Shippers of Green and Fresh Fruits to Write Us Auction Facilites Unequalled by any House in America ane Bb PRESLEY CO. ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA WHOLESALE FRUITS We handle thousands of cars of fruit yearly, Apples, Pears, Peaches, Prunes, Etc. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT iN) October BEE eh P age 4 is told by hundreds of FRUIT GROWERS in every state in the Union from windy Texas to Washington State of their great achievements in overcoming from one io A THRILLING STORY fifteen degrees of frost in their orchards by the use of THE HAMILTON RESERVOIR ORCHARD HEATERS a “very grower freely claims that his successes were due almost entirely to the REGULATED FIRE feature, which permitted him to secure two, three or even four times as much fire at the ¢ time of most severe frost, the most critical hour of the night. Many also tell us of having lost their crops by the use of small pots that could not be regulated to give greater fire to meet the critical hours. Forever the question of the vast supremacy of the large RESERVOIR HEATER with the REGULATED FIRE has been established. We have abundance of proof that the only ORCHARD HEATER equipment on the market today that affords the grower absolute protection against the most severe weather conditions and wind is the HAMILTON RESERVOIR HEATER either in three or six gollon size It is the most EFFECTIVE, most ECONOMICAL and the SIMPLEST in construction and operation. ¢ ‘ : : Our new literature is now ready, containing much of interest to you and expert advice on these points, which is free. We welcome your inquiries. Better write today. Good Agents Wanted Everywhere Don’t wait two or three months. HAMILTON ORCHARD HEATER CO., Grand Junction, Colorado How They Do Things in New York VER the signature of John L. Walsh, commissioner of the may- or’s bureau of weights and measures, the following notice was sent to prod- uce dealers and commission merchants relative to the sale of apples, pears and quinces in the City of New York: I desire to serve notice upon you that on the first day of November, 1911, and thereafter I shall enforce section 395A of the code of ordinances of the City of New York, and sections 5 and 9 of chapter 20 of the consolidated laws, general business laws of the State of New York, relative to the sale of apples, pears and quinces in the City of New York. Apples, pears and quinces, when sold by the barrel, shall conform in size with the standard bar- rel as specified, as follows: “Sec. 9. Barrels of Apples, Quinces, Pears and Potatoes. A barrel of pears, quinces or potatoes shall represent a quantity equal to one hundred quarts of grain or dry measure. A barrel of apples shall be of the following dimensions: Head diameter, seventeen and one- eighth inches; length of stave, twenty- eight and one-half inches; bulge, not less than sixty-four inches outside measurement, to be known as_ the standard apple barrel. Or where the barrel shall be made straight or with- out a bulge, it shall contain the same number of cubic inches as the standard apple barrel. Every person buying or selling apples, pears, quinces or pota- toes in this state by the barrel shall be understood as referring to the quan- tity or size of the barrel, specified in this section, but when potatoes are sold by weight the quantity constituting a barrel shall be one hundred and sey- enty-four pounds. No person shall make, or cause to be made, barrels holding less than the quantity herein specified, knowing or having reason to believe that the same are to be used for the sale of apples, quinces, pears or potatoes, unless such barrel is plainly marked on the outside thereof with the words “short barrel” in letters of not less than one inch in height. No per- son in this state shall use barrels here- after made for the sale of such articles of a size less than the size specified in this section. Every person violating any provision of this section shall for- feit to the people of this state a sum of five dollars for every barrel put up, or made or used in violation of such provision.” And no barrel marked “short” will be premitted to be used for the sale of apples, pears or quinces in the City of New York. “Sec. 395a. No person shall manufacture, construct, sell, offer for sale or give away any dry measure or liquid measure, nor any barrel, pail, basket, vessel, container, intended to be used in the purchase or sale of any commodity or article of merchandise which shall not be so con- structed as to conform with the stand- ards provided by statute. Nor shall any person use any barrel, cask, pail, basket, vessel or container in the pur- chase or sale of any commodity or article of merchandise which does not conform to the standards provided by law, under a penalty of one hundred dollars for each offense.” Section 5, chapter 20, consolidated laws, general business laws of the State of New York, provides as follows: “Sec. 5. Units of Capacity. The units or standards of measure of capacity for liquids from which all other meas- ures shall be derived and ascertained shall be the standards designated in this article. The barrel is equal to thirty-one and one-half gallons, and two barrels are a hogshead. The parts of the liquid gallon shall be derived from the gallon by continual division by the number two, so as to make half gallons, quarts, pints, half pints and gills. The peck, half peck, quarter peck, quart, pint and half pint for measuring commodities which are not liquids shall be derived from the half bushel by successively dividing that measure by two. The standard of measure for buying and selling straw- berries, raspberries, blackberries, cur- rants, gooseberries, plums, cherries, cranberries and other small fruits shall be the quart, which shall contain, when even full, sixty-seven and two-tenths cubic inches; the pint, which, when even full, shall contain thirty-three and six-tenths cubic inches; the half pint, which, when even full, shall contain sixteen and eight-tenths cubic inches; multiples of the quart, which, when even full, shall contain like multiples of sixty-seven and two-tenths cubic inches.” Apples, pears or quinces, when sold in boxes, crates or contain- ers other than as specified in sections 5 and 9 of the general business law, or section 395a of the code of ordinances, shall be plainly marked or labeled on the outside of the box, crate or con- tainer with the net weight or measure of the contents. The PARIS FAIR Hood River’s largest and best store Retailers of EVERYTHING TO WEAR Agents for HAMILTON & BROWN AND THE BROWN SHOES HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX CLOTHES MANHATTAN SHIRTS JOHN B. STETSON HATS NEMO CORSETS Strictly Cash—One Price to All J. F. LITTOOY CONSULTING HORTICULTURIST Land, irrigation and orchard schemes exam- ined for owners, buyers, bonding companies or advertising agencies—Orchard and land values estimated — Orchard soils examined — Directs orchard development — Land damage claims estimated—All business confidential. MOUNTAIN HOME, IDAHO Members of the International Apple Shippers Association We use Revised Economy Code The F. J. Pomeroy Co. 84 DETROIT ST. Milwaukee, Wis. Branch at Medina, N. Y. RECEIVERS AND DISTRIBUTORS Apples, Fruits, Potatoes Melons and Cabbage Provisions and Grain CAR LOTS A SPECIALTY We handle 200 carloads of Apples and better per Season WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIL BuO IN TPB les JCM ISD HARDING- SHAW CO. Wire Us Your F.O.B. Prices. We Will Place Them Before the Buyers REPS sk. te Cor.S. WATER & CLARK STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Always Ready When You Are You can depend ona Deming outfit as on a trusted friend—it is always reliable, ready for busi- ness, and does just as thorough work at the finish as at the start. The qualities that make Deming Spray Pumps speedy, durable and capable of making and holding high pressure, make them reliable and trustworthy too. We build them by knowledge of orcharding conditions—not by theory. Successful growers say our machines are properly designed and cor- rectly built—whether the little bucket or knapsack affair, or the gasoline engine-driven outfit that holds the gauge steady at 150, 175 or 200 pounds. The profit you clean up on your fruit depends largely on your spraying outfit. Don’t take chances; if you aren't abso- lutely sure youhave the most reliable and dependable out- fit you can buy, see your local dealer, or write CRANE CoO. Pacific Coast Agents Portland, Seattle, Spokane, San Francisco The Deming Company Manufacturers 870 Depot St., Salem, Ohio Hydraulic Rams Hand and Power Pumps for All Uses This Light Weight Grader Will Solve Your Irrigation Problems It is an all-steel one-man machine. It weighs only 600 pounds. It will stir your soil, level your land, cui laterals, pick up dirt and drop it where you want it, and cut ditches 24 to 36 inches deep at a cost of 2 cents a rod. It will do more work than big heavy graders in less time and with less effort. One man with two horses operates it. Ditches cut with the 20th Century Grader are “‘V” shaped, with firm, solid sides—no fear of their being washed down. is a many purpose, easily operated machine that pays for itself over and over again and puts money into your pocket. To get big results your work must be right, so you must have the right machine. Let us tell you what others say about this wonderful machine. We want to prove to your satisfaction that it’s a genuine money- maker. There are many uses to which the 20th Century Grader is specially adapted and many ways you can make big money by using it on your own land and on your neighbors’. Write for our interest- ing and valu- able free book giving full information about this money - mak- ing machine, what it has iano: dM THE BAKER MANUFACTURING C0. will do for 542 Hunter Building you. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 74 Two Million Trees for Fall and Spring Planting T have a splendid stock of APPLES, PEACHES, PEARS, PLUMS, PRUNKS, ORNAMENTAL TREES AND ROSES BETTER FRUIT The Tim Kelly Nurseries ™, Eu WAPATO, WASHINGTON For Special Prices write to TIM KELLY, Box 197, Wapato, WASHINGTON Prominent Ohio Commission House HE firm of M. O. Baker & Co., Toledo, Ohio, has been in business since 1898. Their specialty from the beginning has always been apples. They are not speculators, but buy and handle on commission the best grades M. O. Baker Of M. O. Baker & Co., Toledo, Ohio ALFRED W. OTIS 81 Beach Street NEW YORK, N. Y. of fruits, and store quite largely for their regular trade. They have a regu- lar and extensive trade not only with all the best retail dealers in Toledo, but in all the surrounding territory. Toledo is the third largest railroad center in the United States, and one of the best (if not the best) distributing points in the Central West or the United States. Goods can be diverted from Toledo east, west, north or south on through billing. Toledo has good cold storage facilities, and shippers sending apples to M. O. Baker & Co. can either have them sold on arrival or placed in cold storage to be sold at some more favor- able time. In addition to their exten- sive trade with retail grocers they have an excellent business with small job- bers in adjacent territory. Every sea- son they handle anywhere from one hundred to two hundred cars of apples, depending upon conditions. Ask any dealer in Toledo about apples and they refer you to M. O. Baker & Co. as lead- ers in that line, and where apples can always be had. If you have apples or any other kind of fruits or produce for sale place them with M. O. Baker & Co., Toledo, Ohio, and you may rest assured your interests will receive the very best care and attention, as both M. O. Baker and B. A. Baker understand the business from A to Z and are always on their job. i October M KELLY B. A. Baker Of M. O. Baker & Co., Toledo, Ohio Hood River Grown Nursery Stock for Season 1911-12 Standard Varieties. Prices Right and Stock First Class C. D. THOMPSON, Hood River, Oregon 92 Commercial Street BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Apples for American and Foreign Markets Thomas Russell, Glasgow, Scotland Ph. Astheimier & Son, Hamburg, Germany AGENTS FOR Woodall & Co., Liverpool, England M. Isaacs & Sons, Ltd., London, England SHIPMENTS FORWARDED FROM BOSTON OR NEW YORK Market quotations and full particulars on application Correspondence invited WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIT BETTER FRUIT Page entral Oregon Si Sr Is Now Reached via the Deschutes Branch Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Co. For both Passenger and Freight Traffic to and from Madras, Metolius, Culver, Opal City, Redmond, Bend and other Central Oregon points SCHEDULE : ( 7:50 A.M. JUA% COENL CHAY ccctosnscocovenn OHI) ANGNY. liv. Portland ........ ..... ; ‘ s oe | AAOD ARE, Liv, MGUY coccs cescee cs GRAS INNE iv. The Dalles.............. 2:40 P.N : te JUNWe: WIBKONPRIS, céctocnssasccssonene 9:00 A.M. Lv. Deschutes Je........... 1:30 P.M. pohiadt as : Ar. Madras .................. 3:45 P.M Ar. Deschutes Je. .......... NSW TPs il ANIC, MIGWOMNMES cccococbcnck conose 6:00 P.M. Ad TNS IDEAS soos scoarssc Jao) Jen Ie ANies Qypenl (Gitinyacca2ocassnscoue 6:30 P.M. INTC, JEONG! scacsauncorssossontes es) LEGG Auto and regular stage connections to La Pine, Fort Rock, Silver Lake, Prineville, Burns. Klamath Falls and other inland points The Direct, Quick and Natural Route between Portiand and All Points in Central Oregon Call on any O.-W. R. & N. Agent for any information desired, or address WM. McMURRAY GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 76 BOM Mose seve October The American Express Company. in connection with the National Express Company. having named exceptional rates on apples. we will deliver to any point in the United States or Canada where the American Express or the National Express Company has an office ONE OF OUR WELL KNOWN SEVENTEEN POUND BOXES OF Extra Fancy Hood River Apples AT FOLLOWING PRICES, ALL CHARGES PREPAID (excepting duty charges) 32.25: Spitzenbergs, Newtowns, $2.25; Ortleys, $2.25; Winter Bananas, $2.50 Express Money Order, Check or Cash should accompany all orders. To points beyond the American or National Express lines 30 cents should be added to cover additional express charges Crocker & de Reding, Hood River, Oregon None but Extra Fancy Apples shipped in these packages American Apple Congress at Denver N effort will be made to have the next session of the American Apple Congress held in a city in the East or Middle West. Representatives of the apple districts in both these sections will attend the second annual meeting of the congress with the avowed intention of electing the next presi- dent. This information has _ been received at the headquarters of the congress in Denver. Salt Lake City, Utah, is the Wetsern city most promi- nently spoken of as the next place of meeting if the congress does not go East. The congress will be held in Denver, November 14 to 16, and will The Campbell System INSURES your crop against DROUTH. Our experience in 1910 and 1911 has proven that good crops can be grown with less than eighteen inches of rain- fall. Those who followed the Camp- bell System in 1910 have a crop in 1911. DON’T TAKE ANY RISKS FOR 1912 Campbell’s publications explain the system. Campbell’s Soil Culture Manual $2.50 Campbell’s Scientific Farmer $1.00 Combination Price $3.00 Address CAMPBELL SOIL CULTURE CO. Lincoln, Nebraska When you write ask about the Camp- bell Correspondence School. be in session during the American Apple Exposition, which will also be held in Denver. Apple men in all sec- tions of the country recognize that this organization is fast developing into an important association of apple growers, shippers and dealers, and that it may become the leading one of its kind on the American continent. It was organ- ized last December in Denver and will be less than one year old when the second session convenes. Among the Eastern men who have been urged by their friends as candidates for presi- dent are N. G. Gibson of Chicago, C. C. Clemons of Kansas City, J. Howard Detwiller of Philadelphia and E. P. Loomis of New York City. The West- ern man most prominently spoken of at this time as a candidate for presi- dent is Elliott M. Sly of Kennewick, Washington. While Colorado would like the honor of naming the next president the apple men of this state are satisfied with the honor of Denver being the birth- place of the congress, and they realize that the organization was created for the benefit of the apple industry of the entire American continent. Conse- quently Colorado wants every apple district in the country represented, and the delegates from this state can be depended upon to support any policy that will aid in building up the con- gress and that will make it a power for good and effective work in the CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS OF BOX APPLES Box Pears — Box Peaches Largest handlers of box fruit in this territory. Best modern storage facili- ties. Reliable market reports. Top Prices Prompt Returns E. H. SHAFER & CO. 212 Coleman Building Louisville, Kentucky apple world. The following declara- tion of principles illustrates the scope of the congress as set out in the official call: Whereas, at the meeting held in Den- ver, Colorado, in the month of Decem- ber, 1910, an organization designated as The American Apple Congress was formed with the following objects: To promote and diffuse knowledge concerning the apple industry on the American continent; to facilitate con- ference and deliberation among the people of the country concerning the growing and marketing of the apple crop and related interests; to provide means for bringing the needs of the people interested in the apple industry of the country before national and state governments; to provide ways WEIL, TURNBULL & CO. DETROIT, MICHIGAN NINTH LARGEST CITY IN THE UNITED STATES Will sell your goods at auction or at private sale. pany here and will guarantee best possible results and prompt remittance. plate doing business in Detroit. connection. We have a large interest in the United Fruit Auction Com- Correspond with us if you contem- We will furnish references that will justify you in making us your Detroit WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIT WANTED Land Salesmen CAPABLE OF EARNING $9,000 to 510,000 A YEAR To sell highest grade irrigated fruit land in the country. Exceptionally attractive selling terms. This is the best paying proposition today for land men who are live wires in all sections of the country. Address ROBERT S. LEMON General Sales Manager Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co. Suite 844-850 First National Bank Building BUY NOW sss" TREES They occupy land that must be cleared PRICES EXTREMELY LOW Also several thousand California Privet and Carolina Poplars cheap WRITE TODAY FOR BARGAINS M. BARNES’ NURSERIES (College Hill) CINCINNATI, OHIO Apple and Pear Root Grafts of highest quality made to order CHERRY PEACH APPLE Established in 1855 At it 56 years The apple is the king of fruits. Our apples are kings of apples. We are apple specialists. We sell the very best apples at very attrac- tive prices. Fine Eating Apples Cooking Apples Special Purpose Apples Carefully packed in boxes or barrels. Remember, apples are staple goods, but we have made them a specialty. We wish to handle the output of fruit associations as well as shippers. It will pay you to get in touch with us. Sutton Brothers Wholesale Fruit Dealers COLUMBUS, OHIO BIE Em JER UATE and means for securing profitable legis- lation for the industry; to organize and maintain a “Transportation and Rail- road Rates Bureau”; to maintain a “Continental Information Bureau on Crops, Markets and Fruit Movements,” and to promote and conduct apple expositions in connection with the congress; and Whereas, there are numerous mat- ters of importance which appeal mutu- ally to all growers and dealers inter- ested in the apple industry, espe- cially as to the development of Ameri- can orchard lands, the care of the orchards, fighting insect pests, fighting frosts, standardizing and systematizing the grading and packing rules, plan- ning and securing legislation intended to benefit the industry; securing equi- table freight and express rates for the shipment of our apples to market; plan- ning better distributing and market- ing, advertising our apple industry to secure new and desirable settlers for our apple lands, better immigration rates from the congested centers of population and from the less _ pro- ductive farm lands of other sections, and advertising the food values of the apple for the purpose of increasing the consumption of this “king of fruits”; and Whereas, article 3, section 1, of our constitution provides for annual meet- ings; and Whereas, the executive committee of this organization has decided that the Page He second annual session of this organiza- tion shall be held in the City of Den- ver, Colorado, on the 14th, 15th and 16th days of November, A. D. 1911, and have executed an agreement to that effect with The American Apple Expo- sition Association, which will hold a national apple show during the same week. Now, therefore, in accordance with our constitution and with such decision and agreement, I hereby call such sec- ond annual session for the above days, and request the appointment of the number of delegates provided by the constitution in Article 7, Section 1, as follows, to-wit: The governor of each state to appoint fifteen delegates; the mayor of each town or city having 500 population or less to appoint one dele- gate; the mayor of each town or city having more than 500 population one delegate for each additional 500, pro- vided that not more than ten delegates shall be appointed from any one town or city; the county commissioners of each county to appoint two delegates; the president of each regularly organ- ized horticultural society to appoint three delegates; the president of each commercial body to appoint one dele- gate; providing also that the president of the United States, the governor of each state, the members of the congress of the United States, the horticulturist and the entomologist of each agricul- tural college and all members of state Send for our catalogue of Bulbs, Pansies and Sweet Peas. Mailed Free. Tulips are gorgeous flowers. Try Morse’s Long Stem Tulips mixed, 30c doz.; (postpaid 35c doz.); $2 per 100 White Easter Lilies, $1.50 doz. Auratum—Rubro—Vittatum Lily—is shown above. Tare sort. 50c each. (Postpaid 35c doz.) Itisa Unusual Anemone Collections of new and rare Anemones 125 bulbs for $1.95. (Postpaid for $2.05) “1911 Best” Bulb Collection, a fine assortment of hardy Bulbs; 136 Bulbs for $2. 10. (Postpaid $2.50) Do you love Spring Flowers? Market Street WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 78 BETTER FRUIT October INCOME AND INDEPENDENCE These are the two great essentials sought for by every fruit grower and there is no other factor in the establishment of an orchard that insures them more thoroughly than the character and kind of trees planted. The nursery trees grown by the Hood River Standard Nursery Company—the STERLING QUALITY trees—are the most carefully grown and most thoroughly guaranteed trees in the coun- try. They are propagated from the best and highest earning trees of the world famous Hood River Valley, and they cost you no more than ordinary trees. At all of the leading apple shows, land expositions and fairs this year you will find these trees Go see them. on exhibition. Compare them with the usual run of nursery stock—then write us for our catalogue and guarantee. HOOD RIVER STANDARD NURSERY CO. HOOD RIVER, ORECON A FEW LIVE SALESMEN WANTED TO REPRESENT US Journal; W. F. R. Mills, secretary Denver Con- boards of horticulture shall be hon- Intermountain Fruit orary delegates to this convention. ager Mrs. Lute Wilcox, Denver Field and Farm. It is desired that the names and None but regularly appointed delegates will be recognized in the congress, but it is provided, however, that any per- son interested in the apple industry may become a permanent delegate or member by paying the initiation fee of two dollars and the annual dues of three dollars; and it is further pro- vided that fruit growers’ associations, fruit companies, fruit jobbing concerns and all other corporations interested in the apple industry shall be entitled to delegates and memberships as follows: If capitalized at less than $50,000, on payment of $25 annual dues, three dele- gates; if capitalized at $50,000 or more, on payment of $50 annual dues, five delegates. Delegates appointed shall be supplied with credentials from the authority which they represent, and no delegates should be appointed from towns or cities not interested in the apple industry. In accordance with article 5, section 2, of the constitution, and in order that the meeting shall have a definite pro- gram, that the meeting may be prop- erly advertised, the delegates suitably entertained and the objects of the con- gress accomplished, I hereby announce the following board of local managers to have charge of all local matters con- nected with the convention: B. F. Coombs, chairman Apple Congress executive committee; Arthur Williams, secretary Colorado State Horticultural Society; Clyde H. Smith, general man- vention League; J. W. Kelley, D. & R. G. attorney; Thorndike Deland, secre- tary Denver Chamber of Commerce; S. F. Dutton, proprietor the Albany Hotel; George E. Collisson, secretary Denver Retail Association; Frank Adams, president Colorado Ice and Storage Co.; H. G. Wolff, nurseryman; addresses of delegates appointed be forwarded to Clinton L. Oliver, secre- tary, suite 210-12 Chamber of Com- merce Building, Denver, Colorado, as soon as appointed, so that they may be communicated with by the board of local managers prior to the convening of the congress. Yoncalla Orchards Company OREGON FRUIT LANDS Plymouth Building, Suite 714 MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA This orchard tract adjoins the town of Yoncalla, Oregon, which is situated on the main Pacific Railway. No better land in the West. being subdivided and sold in 5 and 1o-acre tracts. line of the Southern This tract of orchard land is For further information write THE YONCALLA ORCHARDS COMPANY Plymouth Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQTI BEA Oe Page 79 (INCORPORATED) SCALZO-FIORITA FRUIT CO. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI Headquarters for RUNES Largest Fruit and Produce House in America Box Apples EARS 70,000 Square Feet of Floor Space Oranges, Lemons EACHES Members Western Fruit Jobbers Association FORTY YEARS IN BUSINESS Correspondence invited with associations and individual growers desiring first-class connection in St. Louis. Auction facilities unequaled. Will buy outright or handle consignments, private sale or through St. Louis Fruit Auction. References: Franklin Bank, Dun and Bradstreet, any wholesale fruit house in the country. PROMPT SAFE RELIABLE LINCOLN, NEBRASKA J. GRAINGER & CO. ESTABLISHED 1887 WHOLESALE FRUIT MERCHANTS Extensive Dealers in Extra Fancy Washington and Oregon REFERENCES “Better Fruit” First National Bank, Lincoln, Nebraska Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Prunes Corn Exchange National Bank, Chicago, Illinois ‘ Chatham & Phoenix National Bank, New York, N.Y. Managers of Associations will do well to correspond with us J. H. Bahrenburg, Bro. & Co. 103-105 Murray Street New York City, N. Y. Wit AREER EPARED) RO HANDEE YOUR SHIPMENTS OF APPILES in Foreign or Domestic Markets Our representatives in foreign markets are merchants with whom we have been associated in the apple business for a great many years, and whose ability we have learned to know. We are also prepared to offer you ESB Pol SRORAGCES SACI ERLE S OBE EAD in New York State as well as in New York City For any further particulars, write the above address. The pump you have always vonmecater’= The Ideal System of Irrigation Saves power and money; utilizes the power; converts power into results; high heads without staging; deep wells, pits and mines. Mechanical per- fection; simple; easily installed; free from wear; faithful and dependable machine. Made in many sizes, 25 gallons per minute to 10,000 gallons * per minute. Address Patented June 2, 1903 A ; ee Ce Ideal Irrigation Rotary Pump Company : penile HENRY BUILDING SEATTLE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page SO Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Clore, Inc. BEATER PR No. 11 W. SOUTH WATER STREET CHICAGO WHOLESALE DEALERS AND CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUITS AND VEGETABLES All Popular Codes. Growers and shippers of Western fruits must have proper connections in Chicago if they expect to realize full market value of their fruit. We have the best of connections on all the larger markets and the confidence and patronage of the carlot buyers on the smaller markets. We have the most favorable auction connections and a good auction market in Chicago. Cable Addresss “Cloefield.” Bankers: National Bank of the Republic THE BEST CHICAGO CONNECTION We have a large and attractive jobbing house on South Water Street and a thoroughly organized and competent sales force for handling local and country orders. We have the organization and equipment for obtaining the full market value of fruits and vegetables when con- ditions are most unfavorable, as well as favorable. Let us hear from you at once as to what you have to sell. CRUTCHFIELD, WOOLFOLK & CLORE Western Fruit Jobbers’ Convention T a recent meeting of St. Louis fruit jobbers committees were appointed to make arrangement for the reception and entertainment of the Western Fruit Jobbers’ Assocation of America when they come to St. Louis for their annual convention on January 3, 4 and 5 next. James W. Corcoroan, president of the St. Louis Fruit and Produce Exchange, was chosen chairman of the executive committee to arrange for the conven- tion. Other members are J. E. Stewart, vice chairman; W. Ernest Reeves, sec- retary, and Manley G. Richmond, R. H. Pennington, Charles Devoto. es S Z Branch houses: Great Falls, Mis- uu All Fruits in Season Storagefor50Cars + soula and Billings, Montana J.L. BEER & CO. ICAI OREGON NOt Fruit and Produce No Agents Prices Wholesale 306-310 Poydras and 507-509 South Peters, NEW ORLEANS B | GENERAL NURSERY STOCK PROPAGATORS Ox App es Stock clean and true. Budded or Peaches, Pears and Cantaloupes eee oe E. P. DREW We are distributors. We reach all points tributary to New Orleans, Consulting Horticulturist including Cuba, Panama and Central America 30 years in business WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1 on THE FARM ~* i Run Down Places ! Don't let your buildings f run down—any more than f your Jand—both of them are your capital. Nothing makes a farm appear more neglected and down-at- the-heel than unpainted H buildings. Paint mixed on f the job and made of 1 “Dutch Boy Painter” Pure White Lead and pure linseed oil will # not only make your build- ings look prosperous but will protect ; them from the weather as no other paint can. It is the most economical paint in ine world because it lasts so long. Paint now and keep out the winter’s storms and frosts. Our Free Painting Helps We will send you free, on request, color schemes and miscellaneous paint- § ing instructions that you will find of real praciical value. Ask for Helps 73) NATIONAL LEAD CO. New York Cleveland Chicago St. Louia Boston Buffalo Cincinnati San Francisco (John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia) (National Lead & Oil Co., Pittsburgh) “PEDIGREED DOGS WITH BRAINS” One of the finest litters of Airedale Terriers ever bred on the Pacific Coast is now Jeay for delivery. Sired by “Kootenai Admiral” beam,” whelped May 20. The Airedale is the most useful dog living and the ideal dog for the country home. Males $25.00, females $20.00. I refund your money if you are not satisfied. Cc. W. J. RECKERS, Klickitat Kennels, On the Bluff White Salmon, Washington Trees and Seeds That Grow 26th Year. For 26 years I have furnished my cus- tomers with trees and seeds direct, without any middleman, at less than half the agents’ price. Freight paid on $10.00 tree orders. Grafted Apple and Peach, 2-3 feet, 1 yearfrom bud, 7c each. Cherry, 15ceach. Full assortment of Vegetable, Flowerand Farm Seeds. Save money; send for my large illustrated Garden Book. Free. GERMAN NURSERIES AND SEED HOUSE (Carl Sonderegger ) Beatrice, Neb. ‘Clipstone Sun- ) HARVEY BOLSTER SPRINGS ~~ Soon save their cost. Make every wagon a spring (\ wagon, therefore fruit, vegetables, eggs, etc., q | bring more money. Ask for special proposition. | Harvey Spring Co., 794 17th St., Racine, Wis. BETTER FRUIT Apple Tree Gavel Presented to Mr. W. L. Wagner T Niagara Falls in August, 1910, Mr. L. K. Sutton of Columbus approached your secretary and sug- gested that a gavel be presented to Mr. Wagner at the Detroit convention, and during all of the succeeding time he has followed it with keen interest and valuable assistance. It was deemed especially appropriate to procure a Wagner, Detroit, 1911.” gavel of apple wood if possible. To In connection with the gavel a that end the great sections of the framed scroll, done in gold and white, United States and Canada were called was presented. On the scroll were upon. In the end the Spitzenberg was these words: “The Apple Tree Gavel, procured from E. H. Shepard of Hood presented to William L. Wagner, four River, Oregon, the Spy from Mr. Peter- times president of the International son of Canada, the Greening from Mr. Apple Shippers’ Association, by the Blodgett of Massachusetts, the Baldwin ™embers thereof, in grateful apprecia- from New York, the Albemarle Pippin 0m of his services; courage, energy, from S. L. Lupton and F. D. Wood of fidelity, wisdom and truth—he brought Virginia and the Ben Davis from Mis- ching LO WASS: Mr. Wagner's work Roney EMIT Sutton ncee eooue will long be remembered in its vital : é : force and energy. He was a builder, were put together, the Baldwin com- 4 creator, a man of truth and judgment posing the handle and the other five nq a friend unrivaled. No more need in the head. At the forefront of the 4 : be said of any man.—From the Spy, head was the Greening carved in the published by the International Apple form of a matured apple. On each of Shippers’ Association, Rochester, New the other sections of the head apple York, August 24, 1911. Page 87 r blossoms were carved, and the names of the states from which the wood came were also carved upon the respec- tive pieces. Running entirely around each end of the head were carved wreaths of apple leaves. About the handle was a silver band, and engraved thereon were the words, “William L. We have been supplying most of the nursery stock planted in the For Several Years famous Wenatchee district. Our business has grown to one of the largest in the Northwest and we have gained a reputation of which we are proud. EXPERIENCE HAS TAUGHT US HOW TO GROW THE Cleanest, Healthiest, Best-Rooted Trees in the World Our line is large and complete. Over two million trees sold last year. Our customers get what they order. Send in your list, whether large or small. Columbia and Okanogan Nursery Company WHOLESALE AND RETAIL WENATCHEE, WASHINGTON RHODES DOUBLE CUT ) PRUNING SHEAR __an made that cuts from both sides of the limb and does not bruise the bark. Made in all styles and sizes. We pay Express charges on all orders. RHODES MFG. CO., Write for GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. i Ol 0 {i Ty EN Api H 0 p il £ x 0; ieee N/: I ro) pm ul 1TH lelad bi oO I G) RAP, la alicceal FRUIT. LABELS LA AND SPECIAL TRADE MARK DESIGNS 330 AKCKSON ST | SAN: FRANCISCO. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 88 BETTER FRUIT October STEINHARDT & KELLY 101 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK THE MOST EXTENSIVE OPERATORS IN HIGH CLASS FRUITS IN THE WORLD HE Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly take great pleasure in advising the fruit growers of the Northwest that a member of the firm will as usual make his annual trip to the Coast sometime dur- ing the latter part of August and the early part of September, for the purpose of acquiring, both by the outright purchase or such other method as agreeable to the growers, the large amount of reserve stock in all varities of fruit which their business demands. Particularly do the Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly wish to draw the attention of the growers to their prac- tically unlimited outlet for fancy fruit and to their sincere belief in their ability to handle and dispose of the crops of the most extensive districts at prevailing market rates with celerity and dispatch. @ The Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly might also incidentally mention that they have completed arrangements giving them cold storage space for several hundred carloads in the very best cold storage warehouses in the East and Middle West. q@ All correspondence will get the prompt personal attenton of a member of the firm WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TQI1 Bl Tele Lea Ie Page 89 Cable Address: Bilberries A. B. C. Code, 5th Edition H. OLFF & SOHN HAMBURG, GERMANY Fruit Merchants and Commission Agents SPECIALTIES: American Apples AND West Indian Bananas Our new office building, as shown by the pic- ture on the side, is located right opposite the new Central Fruit and Vegetable Market and equipped with all modern accommodations. WE WANT To TALK BUSINESS WIPSt JINAEIRIC SSMU ela Oya APPLES PUACH ES PEARS Calitornia, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Colorado, Utah, Nevada IN WRITE US TO-DAY, stating varieties, quantity and probable quality of fruit you expect to ship. Look up our standing; ask “Better Fruit’? or your bank Robt. T. Cochran & Co. wew vor WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page gO 153 od MO aw VN Mh THE CUTAWAY HARROW AT WORK Intensive Cultivation with the Cutaway Harrow N the vicinity of Tariffville, Con- I necticut, are fields aggregating about seven hundred acres, upon which are grown large quantities of Sumatra tobacco, most of which is cultivated under cloth. Posts several feet above the ground are planted at regular dis- tances, wires are stretched tightly, then the muslin strips are stretched above the wires and tied, thus making a roof. In hot weather horses easily fatigue under this canvas, therefore some method of easier and cheaper cultivation was greatly needed. Finally it was decided to try a twenty horse-power gasoline engine and a double-action “Cutaway” harrow. This combination proved a great success. and men The outfit takes the place of six eight- The Patented in the U.S., Canada and Great Britian The Perfection Clamp Truck THE LABOR SAVER ciations, Houses, orders on short notice. foot harrows, six men and twenty-four horses. A saving of twenty-five to thirty dollars a day and no horses to feed during the winter months. This outfit can be run day and night, with change of crews. The engine is easy to guide; simply set the lever, adjust the clevis and the harrow requires no more attention. It is not necessary for the man to ride on the harrow. Engine and harrow turn in circle of sixty-four feet. The harrow works as deep as necessary, taking the place of plows and pulverizes the earth thoroughly. The harrow was made by the Cut- away Harrow Co., Higganum, Con- necticut, who will give full informa- tion on application. Ask for free book- let, “Intensive Cultivation.” ~* latest and best truck on the market. Especially designed for handling case and crate goods of all kinds. Fruit Asso- Cold and Jobbers, Storage Railroads Express Companies. We are prepared to fill Write for prices and circulars. PERFECTION TRUCK CO. NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT October Buy and Try White River Flour Makes Whiter, Lighter Bread CREST SPRAY A Heavy Miscible Oil for Orchards and Gardens An Effective EXTERMINATOR of all Insect Life, Germs and Vermin We Guarantee Results CREST SPRAY is the result of scientific and prac- tical experiments by the best phytopathologists and chemists. Analysis: Tar and kindred products, Nauhthal, Pyroligneous Acid, Douglas* Fir Oil, Phenols, Creosote, Turpentine, Resin, Sulphur and Soda. DIFFERS FROM OTHER SPRAYS Crest Spray is a soluble or miscible oil and mixes readily with water. It remains in solution, forming an emulsion. It is non-poisonous and harmless to operator. It requires no boiling or preparation like the Lime-Sulphur. Its use is a saving of time and money. Home-made Lime-Sulphur costs from 1% to 2 cents per gallon. Crest Spray costs from 1% to 3 cents per gallon. A gallon of Crest Spray has a covering power almost twice as great as Lime- Sulphur, reducing the most nearly one-half. Scientific, Effective, Convenient, Economical Barrels, 25 or 50 gallons, per gallon . $1.25 Five-gallon cans, per gallon 5 é A 1.35 One-gallon cans, per gallon s R 5 1.50_ Half-gallon cans, each : i A 2 -90 Quart cans, each : 5 5 : : 50 Pint cans, each . : 5 i : 2 30 Testimonials sent on application CREST CHEMICAL CO. 84 BELL STREET SEAD REE Un Saas FREE ree pare cae, FREE a Outshines city gas or electricity.. Simple, 4 z9iseless, odorless, clean, safe, money-say- Ye « Guaranteed. Write nearest office for catalogue M and learn how to get an “yw Aladdin Mantle Lamp FREE. A T. H. BALL SOLD 850 SAGENTS on money back guarantee, WS bt one returned. Stacey sold12in one hour, Newsom sold 12in 10 calls. Gitson sold 48 Nin 5 days. Sellsitself. Needed inevery home, PANN Our Sunbeam Burner fits other lamps. ii: iam Completeline for homes, stores, etc. Ask GED fa fOr Ourliberalagency proposition. MANTLE LAMP €O. OF AMERICA, Dept. 86) Portland, Oregon Chicago, Illinois Ys, Tins IQI1 DIOR ere Page 91 : Die ee, ee % We can‘ship in the fall at picking time t ood iver . App! CS_ teense 2 sor hold until such time as needed. | ice aia = * ites eco? ™ . rN Apples not shipped early are held in | Are justly famous, not only for © ee > ~ } -Hpoe our storage plant in fresh, pure, cold! perfection in size, shape and i u ’ air until they are wanted, when they color, but also for the great ‘al : { are packed in clean, new, non-odorous final test of flavor, in compari- a 1 Wh Y Rat Pastas i ioe boxes for shipment. This insures in son to which all other quality je, Ris Ble, 3 . i : : i's late shipments the same high qualities| oe > Sh : : peas ~ cy - 4 as in the early shipments, fresh pack} 4 and poestect fruit, and all th delicto in a mountainous district, where : : i = é : 2 -- ~ , = Sree mas: toa flavor of th the snowfall is heavy and there R45 t 7 ‘RS wae ‘ : 4 S 5S 2 JIM; ~ f is enough of winter weather to i ; , es = = ‘ i, "i ie digs = iM PREY Ea Z PS develop the maximum of flavor, , Se P Hagar : : are : : = yee te SES wel as ue gene degree of % cat a : t 3 es mE Will make early quotations on carloads D AVI D N FE R 14 : and solicit your business e Hood River,Oregon S AWYER & D AY Wholesale Dealers and Jobbers of FOREIGN & DOMESTIC FRUITS 2 NORTH MARKET STREET AND 33 COMMERCIAL STREET, BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS We desire to get in touch with the best apple growers associations and private shippers in the North- west. Weare familiar with the quality and grade of Western box apples and we have an extensive acquain- tance with the trade throughout New England that are looking for fancy boxed apples. Therefore we feel confident that we can assure splendid returns on all fruits that may be consigned to us, and consequently we feel justified in asking for your trade, and in order to get better acquainted with the fruit shippers when the apple season is on, we solicit correspondence in advance. Our reference—Faneuil Hall Branch of the Beacon S AW Y E R &z D AY Trust Company, Boston, Massachusetts. PRILADEEPHIA’S FANCY FRUIT HOUSE TO OUR NEW STORE Some Class S. W. Corner Dock and Walnut Streets 20 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE AS SELLERS, IMPORTERS AND GROWERS MAKE US LEADERS FRANK W. STANTON & CO. Can furnish reference from ocean to ocean WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 92 BETTER FRUIP October DID OUR AD IN SEPTEMBER “BETTER FRUIT” CATCH YOUR EYE? The Edgemont Lid Press “ict Made by H. PLATT & SONS, Como, Montana Loganberry Plants All Tips $20.00 per M. ASPINWALL BROS. BROOKS, OREGON We make a specialty of Western Fruits APPLES, PEACHES PLUMS AND PEARS We have our representative in field The Callender-Vanderhoof Co. 113 North Sixth Street MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA S. E. Bartmess UNDERTAKER AND LICENSED EMBALMER For Oregon and Washington Furniture, Rugs, Carpets and Building Material Hood River, Oregon Do You Want a Home in the “BEAUTIFUL OZARKS” of Missouri In the Famous Strawberry Land Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, raspberries, etc., all grow excellently. Ideal location for dairy and poultry business. We offer for sale 60,000 acres of land in 40-acre tracts or more, cheap and on easy terms. Located in Stone and McDonald Counties. For further information address McDonald Land & Mining Co. Rooms 301-2 Miner’s Bank Bldg. Joseph C. Watkins, Manager JOPLIN, MISSOURI THE Lawrence-Hensley Fruit Co. JOBBERS OF Fruits and Vegetables, and Apple Packers Largest Strawberry Dealers in the West DENVER, COLORADO Desel-Boettcher Co. The Fancy Fruit House of Texas WHOLESALE COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND JOBBERS OF APPLES Ample warehouse facilities Private cold storage plants HOUSTON, TEXAS Branch distributing plant Corpus Christi, Texas WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF Box Apples, Pears Prunes, Peaches Responsible—R eliable— Prompt Correspondence solicited M.Fugazzi& Company 204 West Sixth Street CINCINNATI, OHIO Tubbesing & Nelson ST.PAUL, MINNESOTA All Grades of BOX APPLES Our Specialty CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED O. W. Butts Wholesale Fruits and Commission Strawberries and Apples Our Specialty A strong house—Pioneer dealer of thirty years’ experience OMAHA, NEBRASKA Minnesota Fruit Co. Wholesale Fruits and Commission Apples Our Specialty Get in touch with us DULUTH, MINNESOTA Head of the Great Lakes W. VAN DIEM Lange Franken Straat 45, 47, 49,51 and 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND European Receivers of American Fruits Eldest and First-Class House in This Branch Cable Address: W. Vandiem A B C Code used; 5th Edition Our Specialties are APPLES, PEARS AND NAVEL ORANGES Tne CHERRY CITY NURSERIES Claim their trees are the best, their prices right, and solicit your patronage for their fine line of Apple, Pear, Peach, Prune and Plum Trees and small fruits. Also ornamental trees and shrubs. Special attention given to roses. Send for catalogue and price list. J. H. LAUTERMAN, Salem, Oregon 800 GALLONS A few years ago the N. Y. Experiment Station started cut to prove that ‘‘Scalecide” was too expensive, but they found that im orchard work 9 gals. of ““Scalecide” went as far as 17 gals. of Lime-Sulfur, This being the case, a barrel of “Scalecide” which makes 800 gals. of spray at the strongest strength, will go as far and do better work than 1500 OR gals. of Lime-Sulfur spray. which will require 3% barrels of the best Lime-Sulfur. The Missouri Experiment Station reports that ‘‘Scalecide” killed 100¢ of scale in 5 out of 7 tests. 1500 GALLONS? orchard. “‘Sealecide” has greater fungicidal properties than Lime-Sulfur as a Winter wash. A postal request to = Dept.“D* will bring by return mail. free. our book,**“Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing A pples,”’ : us... , nd new booklet. “*Scalecide—the Tree-Saver.” it to any R. R. Station in the U. S. east of the Mississippi and north of the Address. B $16.00; 10-gal. cans, $6.75; 5-cal cans. £3.75 WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Lime Sulfur did not doit once in 10 tests in the same Tf vour dealer cannot supply you with “Scalecide.” we will deliver Ohio Rivers on receipt of price. 50-gal. bbls., $25.00; 30-gal. bbls., G. Pratt Company. 50 Church Street, New York City. TOIT BETTER FRUIT PASTE FOR LABELING en8h®:éxnee added to cold water, instantly makes a beautiful, smooth, white paste. Ready for immediate use at a cost =| of ten cents a gallon. No labor. =——@ No muss. No spoiled paste. Paste Specialists Robinson Chemical Works 349-351 Eighth Street San Francisco, California Results Better Than Ever Attendance Larger Than Ever Faculty Stronger Than Ever More Progressive Than Ever ATTEND THE BEST Business College PORTLAND, OREGON We will ship you a “RANGER” BICYCLE on approval, freight prepaid to any place in the United States without a cent deposit in advance, and WS allow ten days free trial from the day you receive it. If it does not suit you in = every way and is not all or more than we claim for it and a better bicycle than you can get fF; anywhere else regardless of price, or if for any reason whatever you do not wish to keep it, {\\A ship it back to us at our expense for freight and you will ot e out one cent. - Puncture-Proof tires, Imported Roller chainss pedals, etc., at prices no higher than cheap mai. al \ in each town and district to ride and exhibit a sample H RIDER AGENTS WANTED i912 ‘Ranger’ Bicycle furnishedby us. You will be | astonished at the wonderfully low prices and the liberal propositions and special offer we will i give on the first r9r2 sample going to your town. Write at once for our special offer. | DO NOT BUY 2 bicycle or a pair of tires from anyone at any price until youreceive our catalogue i and learn our low prices and liberal terms. BICYCLE DEALERS, you can sell our bicycles under j your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received. _ 5 SECOND HAND BICYCLES-—a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will be closed out at once, at $3 to $8 each. Descriptive bargain list mailed free. SA rear wheels, innertubes, lamps, cyclometers, parts, repairs | 4 TIRES, COASTER BRAKE and everything in the bicycle line at half usual prices. N// DO NOT WAIT but write today for our Large Catalogue beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund of {nteresting matter and useful information. It only costs a postal to get everything. Write it now. /MEAD CYCLE CO. Dept.1345 CHICAGO, ILL. Why Chicks Die in the Shell High Heat Combined with High Moisture Kills the Hatch. Low Heat with Low Moisture is Equally Fatal. The Relation of Heat to Moisture j isa Wonderful Discovery and the New 1912 “Mandy Lee” is the only incubator providing |i alam for their control, by a simple, | =m 4 ee device stliaianta frui rowers’ organ- I WGN ule | Sua esetabie nion, Growers’ Association, Amity; Pent County : eos of any Druitt SrOWErS organ Walla Walla; The Ridgefield Fruit Growers’ felon Growers’ Association, Las Animas; ization. Secretaries are requested to Association.) Midectel oe eends rune Grow. Capitol Hill Melon Growers’ Association, pie S aan et ee ieee rs’ Association, Vancouver; Grandview Frui Rocky Ford: Denver Fruit and Vegetable furnish particulars for publication. Growers’ Association, Grandview; Yakima eae 5 Association, Denver; Fair Mount Melon Grow- Oregon Valley Truit Growers’ Association, North ers? Association, Swink; Fowler Melon Grow- = Sas antes Reente ie Yakima; Southwest Washington Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Fowler; Granada Melon Eugene Fruit Growers’ Association, Eugene; ers’ Association, Chehalis; The Touchet Valley Growers’ Association, Granada: Grand Valley Ashland Fruit and Produce Association, Ash- land; Hood River Fruit Growers’ Union, Hood River; Hood River Anple Growers’ Union, Hood River; Grand Ronde Valley Fruit Grow- ers’ Union, La Grande; Milton Fruit Growers’ Union, Milton; Douglas County Fruit Growers’ Association, Roseburg; Willamette Valley Prune Association, Salem; Mosier Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Mosier; The Dalles Fruit Growers’? Union, The Dalles; Salem Fruit Union, Salem; Albany Fruit Growers’ Union, Albany; Coos Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Marshfield; Estacada Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Estacada; Umpqua Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Roseburg; Hyland Fruit Growers of Yamhill County, Sheridan; Newburg Apple Growers’ Association, Newburg; Dufur Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Dufur; McMinnville Fruit Growers’ Association, McMinnville; Coquille Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Myrtle Point; Stanfield Fruit Growers’ Association, Stanfield; Oregon City Fruit and Produce Association, Oregon City; Lincoln County Fruit Growers’ Union, Toledo; Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association, Medford; Mount Hood Fruit Growers’ Association, Sandy; Northeast Gaston Farmers’ Associa- tion, Forest Grove; Dallas Fruit Growers’ Association, Dallas; Northwest Fruit Ex- change, Portland; Springbrook Fruit Growers’ Union, Springbrook; Cove Fruit Growers’ Association, Cove; Santiam Fruit Growers’ Association, Lebanon; Washington County Fruit Growers’ Association, Hillsboro; Benton County Fruit Growers’ Association, Corvallis; Suther- lin Fruit Growers’ Association, Sutherlin. Washington Kennewick Fruit Growers’ Association, Ken- newick; Wenatchee Fruit Growers’ Union, Wenatchee; Puyallup and Sumner Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Puyallup; Washon Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Vashon; Mt. Ver- non Fruit Growers’ Association, Mt. Vernon; White Salmon Fruit Growers’? Union, White Salmon; Thurston County Fruit Growers’ Union, Tumwater; Bay Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Tacoma; Yakima Valley Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Granger; Buck- ley Fruit Growers’ Association, Buckley; Lewis River Fruit Growers’ Union, Woodland; Yakima County Horticultural Union, North Yakima; White River Valley Fruit and Berry Growers’ Association, Kent; Lake Chelan Fruit Growers’ Association, Chelan; Zillah Fruit Growers’ Association, Toppenish; Kiona Fruit Growers’? Union, Kiona; Mason County Fruit. Growers’ Association, Shelton; Clarks- Fruit and Produce Union, Dayton; Lewis County Fruit Growers’ Association, Centralia; The Green Bluffs Fruit Growers’ Association, Mead; Garfield Fruit Growers’ Union, Garfield; Goldendale Fruit and Produce Association, Goldendale; Spokane Inland Fruit Growers’ Assocation, Keisling; Elma Fruit and Produce Association, Elma; Granger [Fruit Growers’ Association, Granger; Cashmere Fruit Grow- ers’ Union, Cashmere; Stevens County Fruit Growers’? Union, Myers Falls; Dryden Fruit Growers’ Union, Dryden; White Salmon Val- ley Apple Growers’ Union, Underwood. Idaho Southern Idaho Fruit Shippers’ Association, Boise; New Plymouth Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, New Plymouth; Payette Valley Apple Growers” Union, Payette: Parma-Roswell Fruit Growers’ Association, Parma; Weiser Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Weiser; Council Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Council; Namna Fruit Growers’ Association, Nampa; Lewiston Orchard Producers’ Associa- tion, Lewiston; Boise Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Boise; Caldwell Fruit Growers’ Association, Caldwell; Emmett Fruit Growers’ Association, Emmett; Twin Falls Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Twin Falls; Weiser River Fruit Growers’ Association, Weiser; Fruit Growers’ Association, Moscow. Colorado San Juan Fruit and Produce Growers’ Asso- ciation, Durango; Fremont County Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Canon City; Rocky Ford Melon Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Plateau and Debeque Fruit. Honey and Produce Association, Debeque; The Producers’ Association, Debeque; Surface Creek Fruit Growers’ Association, Austin; Longmont Produce Exchange, Longmont; Manzanola Fruit Association, Manzanola; Delta County Fruit Growers’ Association, Delta; Boulder County Fruit Growers’ Association, Boulder; Fort Collins Beet Growers’ Association, Fort Collins; La Junta Melon and Produce Com- pany, La Junta; Rifle Fruit and Produce Asso- ciation, Rifle; North Fork Fruit Growers’ Association, Paonia; Fruita Fruit and Produce Association, Fruita; Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, Clifton, Palisade, Grand Junction; Palisade Fruit Growers’ Association, Palisade; Peach Growers’ Association, Pali- sade; Colorado Fruit and Commercial Com- pany, Grand Junction; Montrose Fruit and Produce Association, Montrose; Hotchkiss WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Fruit and Produce Association, Grand Junc- tion; Independent Fruit Growers’ Association, Grand Junction; Kouns Party Cantaloupe Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Lamar Melon Growers’ Association, Lamar; Loveland Fruit Growers’ Association, Loveland; Manza- nola Orchard Association, Manzanola; New- dale Melon Growers’ Association, Swink; Roar- ing Fork Potato Growers’ Association, Carbon- dale; Woods Melon Growers’ Association, Las Animas. Montana Bitter Root Fruit Growers’ Association, Hamilton; Missoula Fruit and Produce Asso- ciation, Missoula. Utah Farmers and Fruit Growers’ Forwarding Association, Centerville; Ogden Fruit Growers’ Association, Ogden; Brigham City Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Brigham City; Utah County Fruit & Produce Association, Provo; Willard Fruit Growers’ Association, Willard; Excelsior Fruit & Produce Association, Clearfield (Post- office Layton R. F. D.); Centerville Fruit Growers’ Association, Centerville; Bear River Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Bear River City; Springville Fruit Growers’ Association, Springville: Cache Valley Fruit Growers” Association, Wellsville; Green River Fruit Growers’ Association, Green River. New Mexico San Juan Fruit and Produce Association, Farmington. British Columbia British Columbia Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Victoria; Victoria Fruit Growers’ Exchange, Victoria; Hammond Fruit Growers” Union, Hammond; Hatzic Fruit Growers’ Association, Hatzic; Western Fruit Growers’ Association, Mission; Mission Fruit Growers’ Association, Mission; Salmon Arm Farmers? Exchange, Salmon Arm; Armstrong Fruit Growers’ Association, Armstrong; Okanogan Fruit Union, Limited, Vernon; Kelowna Farmers’ Exchange, Limited, Kelowna; Sum- merland Fruit Growers’ Association, Summer- land; Kootenay Fruit Growers’ Union, Limited, Nelson; Grand Forks Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Grand Forks; Boswell-Kootenay Lake Union, Boswell; Queens Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Queens Bay; Kaslo Horticultural Association, Kaslo; Creston Fruit and Produce Exchange, Creston. IQII BETTER FRUIT per day $20 Durable The 4 h. p. Waterloo Boy engine is a separ- | ate unit. Can be re-j moved at. Earning Capacity Will Pay for Itself in Less Than Three Weeks. Neat, C , Sim- ,66 7 9 vet comets ™ “King , of the Woods” Ask For CATALOG C 5 Reierson Machinery Co. "pic" SOLE MANUFACTURERS Operated by One Man, \ Drag Saw Will saw 20 to 40 cords of wood per day at a cost \ of $1. PULLS ITSELF \, up hill or down. Costs 15 per cent less than other makes not as good. There’s more you ought to know. Our catalog con- tains complete description and prices: sent WF REE with tes- > timonials from enthusiastic users. Seeds = WN Pearson Coated Nails are the RECOGNIZED STANDARD Fruit Box Nails To insure always getting Best Quality, Proper Size, and Full Count Nails specify PEARSON, and substitute. Why not accept this advice when PEARSON’S cost no more? J. C. Pearson Co. Boston, Massachusetts Sole Manufacturers A. C. RULOFSON CO. 315 Monadnock Building, San Francisco Pacific Coast Sales Agents take no THE KIND YOU CAN’T KEEP IN THE GROUND They grow, and are true to name Write for prices on your wants 188 Front Street Poultry Supplies, Spray, Spray Materials, Fruit Trees, Etc. J. J. BUTZER Portland, Oregon Pearson-Page Co. 131-133 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Superior facilities for handling PEACHES APPLES AND PEARS Solicit Your Consignments Reliable Market Reports Prompt Cash Returns A Reputation to Sustain Vineland Nurseries Company Clarkston, Washington PROPAGATORS OF Reliable Nursery Stock All stock budded from bearing trees, fruit and ornamental WITEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT VIRGINIA Page 95 Apple Lands / One hundred and twenty acres of high grade apple land in Shenan- § doah Valley for $2,000.00 to insure quick sale; within two miles of the largest apple shipping station in Virginia and no better land for apples in the state; well watered j by springs and streams and partly | cleared. Easily worth double the price asked. Other lands in large and small tracts at $15.00 to $50.00 per acre. ADDRESS F. H. LaBAUME, Agricultural Agent Norfolk & Western Ry. Box 2076, Roanoke, Va. Wonderful Work Engine bt Farmers and Shop Owners, Stop Sweating! A few dollars gets this grand little work engine, complete and ready torun Cream Separators, CornShred- 2 ders, Grist Mills, Feed Mil!s, Dyna- = mos, Printing Presses, etc., etc Gives a lifetime of steady serv- & ice! All Sizes: 2 to20h. p. No Ff cranking! No cams! No gears! Only 3 moving parts. Finest ~ construction. Thousands in use. Guaranteed 5 years. i Write for Special Introductory Proposition. - SAN — DETROIT MOTOR CAR SSE SUPPLY CO., 238Canton Ave., Detroit, Mich. Coopers. SPRAY FLuips Read what Hood River says Hood River, Oregon, Nov. 27, 1909. This is to certify that I have used Cooper’s Tree Spray Fluids, V1, for killing San Jose scale and found it very effectual. G. R. Castner, County Fruit Inspector. APTERITE THE SOIL FUMIGANT DESTROYS INSECTS IN THE GROUND REDUCES LOSSES SAVES PROFITS IT WILL PAY YOU TO INVESTIGATE Write for 1910 booklet (32 pages) Testimony from fruit growers everywhere Agent: : C. G. ROBERTS 247 Ash Street Portland, Oregon Sole Manufacturers: William Cooper & Nephews CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Bik Aa Eee ag CREATIO®R E who is blessed with the power to create H is blessed with God’s greatest gift to man, and if he uses that power to increase the happiness of his fellow men he becomes a bene- factor to the human race. The world owes homage to the men who have devoted their burning energies to the consumma- tion of one purpose, to the final and most perfect development of an ideal. The Steinway Piano Is an example of the grand result of years of persistent, purposeful striving after the very highest musical ideal. Sons have taken up the task where fathers left off, so that alternate generations of genius, working through the finest piano factory in the world, have evolved the Steinway—a piano that has long since been acknowledged the musical masterpiece of the ages. Page 96 is the Jewel. The tone The case is the Setting. The combination is the Priced at $575, $625, $775 and up to $1,600. Of course you can buy a piano cheaper, but it will be a cheaper piano. Why not get the best? Steinway—the Perfect Piano. VICTOR TALKING MACHINES and SHEET MUSIC Sherman SIXTH AND MORRISON PORTLAND, OREGON Exclusive Steinway Representatives FRUIT GROWERS, YOUR ATTENTION! Royal Ann, Bing and Lambert cherry trees; Spitzenberg and Newtown apple trees; Bartlett, Anjou and Comice pears, and other varieties of fruit trees. A. HOLADAY MONTE VISTA NURSERY SCAPPOOSE, OREGON October Use KEROSENE Engine FREE! Amazing “DETROIT” Kero- sene Engine shipped on 15 days’ FREE Trial, proves kerosene cheapest, safest. most powerful fuel. If satisfied, pay lowest price ever given on reliable farm engine; if not, pay nothing. Gasoline Going Up! Automobile owners are burning up so much gaso- line that the world’ssupply is runningshort. Gasoline is 9c to 15c higher than coal oil. Still going up. Two pints of coal oil do work of = three pints gasoline. No > waste, no evaporation, no < “fa explosion from coal oil. =a a Amazing “DETROIT” The “DETROIT” is the only engine that handles coal oil successfully; uses alcohol, gasoline and benzine, too. Starts without cranking. Basic patent—only three moving parts—no cams—no sprockets—no gears—no yalyes—the utmost in siinplicity, power and strength. Mounted on skids. All sizes, 2to 20h p., in stock ready toship Complete engine tested just before crating. Comes allreadytorun. Pumps, saws, th reshes, churns, separates milk, grinds feed, shells corn, runs home elcctric-lighting plant. Prices (stripped), $29.50 up. Gren any placeon 15 days’ Free Trial. Don't buy an engine il you investigate amazing, money-saving, oWwer-savin “DETROIT.” Thousands in use. Costs only ral to find out If you are firstin your neighborhood to write, we will allow you Special Extra-Low Introductory price. Write! Detroit Engine Works. 507 Bellevue Ave.. Detroit. Mick. -e PUMPS WATER for your Home, your Stock, or for Irrigation, } without care or adjustment. No springs; no weights. Does not even have to be oiled. The Phillips Hydraulic Ram—Simple in con- | struction—nothing to get out of order. Pumps } a large amount of water to a low heightora H small amount to a greater height. Re- quires no attention afteritis started. -— Writeforfurtherinformation. State § how much water you have, the amount of fall, etc. ARam will save you money. STORAGE Ship your Furniture to us to be stored until you are located Transfer & Livery Co. Hood River, Oregon Two Hard Headed Business Men Select Orchard Homes from Our Tracts No. 1. Lives in Minnesota. trip of investigation this year. Made a trip through the fruit districts of the West two years ago and made a second He visited the best known fruit districts of the West—was solicited by several agents to buy of them, but came to our office in Minneapolis unsolicited and said our fruit tracts were the best he had seen in his investigations; therefore purchased his orchard tract from us. No. 2. Has been investigating the principal fruit districts of the West for over two years, is a resident of Portland, a prominent business man, and after seeing our ad in “Better Fruit” wrote to us, came and examined the tracts and pur- chased immediately. saying that our tracts were the best he had seen. The purchases made by the two men referred to above, as well as others to whom we could refer you, prove that the most careful purchasers are buying our tracts. Buying an orchard home is important, therefore investigate all of the well-known fruit districts of the United States, but do not purchase until you examine ours. We cheerfully leave the choice of the selection to you after that. THE A. C. BOHRNSTEDT CO. SALEM, OREGON Branch Offices CRESWELL, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 917 Andrus Building, Minneapolis, Minnesota JAGUIE TE BIB EW Te ec IEIN Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association Packers and Shippers of Rogue River Fruit Finest flavored—Longest keepers PEARS Bartlett APPLES Newtown ' Howell ee Anjou Spitzenberg Comice Jonathan Winter Nelis Ben Davis TWELVE SHIPPING STATIONS Modern Economy Code K. S. MILLER, Manager Why Bother with Irrigation P * PHOENIX LUMBER CO. SPOKANE, WASH. ABOUT Cut Over Lands YOU CAN BUY CHEAP Ask the People Using Our Boxes About Quatity and Service WE MAKE EVERYTHING IN FRUIT PACKAGES Multnomah Lumber & Box Co. Jobbers of Pearson Cement-Coated Box Nails Portland, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT Has no peer in the Northwest. And so we have established The Fruit Journal along similar lines in behalf of the great irrigated fruit districts of the Rocky Mountain region, a com- panion paper to this, your favorite fruit magazine. We have made it up-to-date, clean, high class editorially, mechanically and pictorially. The subscription rate is $1.00 per year. It is worth it. THE INTERMOUNTAIN FRUIT JOURNAL Grand Junction, Colorado Page Long Distance Phone, Red 991 08 Bia iee RUN October Nine Kimball Cultivators in operation on property of Dufur Orchard Company, Dufur, Oregon, owned by the Churchill-Matthews Company, 510 Spalding Building, Portland, Oregon. This company is using at this time thirty-five Kimball Cultivators on their Dufur, Sheridan, Drain and Cottage Grove properties. This speaks volumes for home-produced machinery. Why go East for yours? The Kimball Cultivator Great Weeds and Fern Exterminator Hood River, Oregon, Feb. 26, 1910. W. A. Johnston, The Dalles, Oregon. Dear Sin. louse three Kinnballe €nltie vators’ in my orchard. There is nothing better as a weeder, dust mulcher, or to stir the soil. Yours truly, ld, lol, Singoevecl, Wabicor ~leirtteie lieu,” Ninety per cent Hood River Orchardists use this machine. Send for illustrated descriptive booklet. RETAIL PRICE SCHEDULE . 4—4Yy feet, 6 blades, weight complete 70 lbs... .$13.50 . 5—5Y4 feet, 7 blades, weight complete 85 Ibs.... 15.00 . 6—6 feet, 8 blades, weight complete 100 lbs..... 17.50 . 7—7 feet, 9 blades, weight complete 115 lbs..... 18.50 . 8—8l4 feet, 11 blades, weight complete 125 lbs.. 20.00 . 9—10 feet, 13 blades, weight complete 140 lbs... 25.00 . 10—12 feet, 10 blades, open center, weight com- PICtE WCO MDS ee peak sev a Ate wen restore ieee en ante ee ne 22.50 No. 11—12 feet, 15 blades, weight complete 185 lbs. .$30.00 No. 13—One 8% and one 9 feet, 23 blades, gangs, fully rigged, weight 300 lbs..................... 47.50 Extra Frames $1.00 per foot; weight 10 lbs. per foot. Extra Blades $1.50 each; weight 5 lbs. each. TERMS: Cash with order, except to dealers with estab- lished credit. All quotations f.o.b. The Dalles, Oregon. W. A. JOHNSTON, Manufacturer Office and Factory, 422 East Third Street, The Dalles, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ANYTHING IN SHEET STEEL STEEL PIPES SAVE WATER STEEL PIPES SAVE LABOR YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WAIT FOR STEEL PIPES TO “SOAK UP” AND THEY LAST INDEFINITELY WE MANUFACTURE Galvanized Steel Pipe Storage Tanks Galvanized Steel Culverts Pressure Tanks Asphaltum Coated Pipe Steel Flumes Columbia Hydraulic Rams COLUMBIA ENGINEERING WORKS, Portland, Oregon Really, Are Those Trees Grown Without Irrigation Yes, sir, absolutely. How old are they? This summer’s growth. What! do you mean to say those trees have grown five or six feet this summer without irrigation? That’s what they have—but let me explain further: Those trees are budded—not grafted. They have a three-year-old whole-root (not piece-root) feeding them. Observe their uniform height and caliper; their bright, smooth, clean bark; heavy, luxuriant foliage, absolutely free from scale, aphis, etc. This condition is due to proper cultivation, character of soil, intelligent personal supervision, ideal climatic condition, in short, putting into this year’s crop of trees what it has taken us a lifetime devoted strictly to the nursery business to learn. Many people think all trees are alike. Might as well say all trees in a forest are of equal value and will produce the same number of feet of lumber. But will they? Its what they produce that counts. : ORENCO TREES ARE NOTED FOR EARLY FRUITING. It makes them worth more, but we don’t ask more. If you are planting an orchard for profit select the best trees. If you’re planting for pastime select those you can get for a song. Orenco trees are grown right—will be dug, shipped and delivered right, and if you plant them properly will fulfill our claims for them. IF YOU WANT ORENCO TREES, ACT NOW. OREGON NURSERY COMPANY A sample of our yearling trees, the “Nunbetter”’ kind ORENCO, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT The Acknowledged AUTHORITY™ on Credits — Trading Rules and Grades Laws and Commerce It is on every prominent Dealer's. Desk ~ i ) i: 300K ISTHE PROPERTY OF THE Py RODUCE REI PORTER CO. Shippers Commission Merchants Brokers Indespensable = | oo = a YJ IT 1S 4 RODUCE s A} IDF to them | | peers AGENC Why not to youP —E ADF Pxe: EXEC cut’ E OFF ce q DING COM *CEURT ER . SI: xu i ee 06 coe ah (un vee : : oe pitt, NOI It’s an ASSET—Not an EXPENSE As Necessary as Your Bank Book Write for Explanation of Service. Furnished to Members Only PRODUCE REPORTER COMPANY CHICAGO | WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT el ik FRU VotumeE VI NOVEMBER, 1911 NuMBER 5 SPECIAL ORCHARD HEATING EDITION By courtesy of F. E. Dean, Grand Junction, Colorado ORCHARD HEATING Night scene showing one of the large orchards at Palisades, Colorado, indicating how extensively orchard heating is carried on “EAT AN APPLE EVERY DAY—KEEP THE DOCTOR AWAY”’ BETTER FRUIT PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS, HOOD RIVER, OREGON Subscription $1.00 per Year in the United States and Canada; Foreign, Including Postage, $1.50 Single Copy 10 Cents Dangerous Fruit Pests are Unknown in the famous BitterRoot Valley on Montana’s Pacific Slope Where the Wormless Apples Grow Smudging Is Unnecessary There has not been a killing frost on the bench lands in the growing season in the history of the Valley. There are no dust storms. Pure water and sunshine 300 days in the year make ideal health conditions. Net profits annually range from $2,000 to $5,000 on a matured apple orchard of only ten acres. Undeveloped land in this remarkable fruit dis- trict can still be bought for less money than is asked in other valleys less perfectly adapted by nature for successful fruit growing. Values now range from $250 to $350 per acre. Developed tracts of ten acres, with contract to cultivate and care for same to five-year maturity, cost only $5,000 if purchased now. Easy terms of payment for both developed and undeveloped land. Detailed information upon request. Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co. First National Bank Building, CHICAGO All the Grand Prizes and All the Gold Medals Given by the Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition at Seattle in 1909 to pumps were awarded to “AMERICAN”? ?8Scnney “American” single stage cen- trifugal pumps are guaranteed to attain efficiencies of 60 to 80 per cent on total heads up to 125 feet, with an equal increase in head for each additional stage, which makes them the most economical pump made for irriga- tion purposes. “American” cen- trifugals are made in both horizontal and vertical styles, in any size, in any number of stages, and § are equipped with any power. Write for “Efficiency Tests of American Cen- trifugals,” by the most eminent hydraulic engi- meer on the Pacific Coast. Complete cata- logue, No. 104, free. The American Well Works General Office and Works: Aurora, Illinois, U. S. A. Chicago Office: First National Bank Building PACIFIC COAST SALES AGENCIES: 70 FREMONT STREET, SAN FRANCISCO 341 SOUTH LOS ANGELES STREET, LOS ANGELES SECOND AND ASH STREETS, PORTLAND, OREGON 1246 FIRST AVENUE SOUTH, SEATTLE 305 COLUMBIA BUILDING, SPOKANE THE GRAVITY IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF THE SPOKANE VALLEY Has developed the greatest apple and berry district of the West. Nearness to market causes larger net returns than in any other locality. Seventy-two trains daily through the valley. Every modern conven- ience. “Life’s journey is swift; let us live by the way.” The Spokane Valley has the unique distinction of being the only established apple district near a big city. Think what that means and investigate. Five thousand contented settlers. THE BEST IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN THE WEST HOMES AND SCHOOL IN THE SPOKANE VALLEY SPOKANE VALLEY IRRIGATED LAND CO. 401 SPRAGUE AVENUE, SPOKANE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT rort BETTER FRUIT Dn a0 | age 3 oA Simple Illustration in Marketing Methods STATEMENT OF PRICES OBTAINED F.O.B. CASHMERE, AND TIME ELAPSING BETWEEN DATE OF SHIPMENT AND DATE OF FULL REMITTANCE, BY THE NORTHWESTERN FRUIT EXCHANGE TO THE CASHMERE FRUIT GROWERS’ UNION Date Date Car Number Shipped Payment Time Variety \ Grimes Golden GN 91612 9-23 9-29 6 days - ) Jonathans GN 91064 9-30 10-7 Teo ee Jonathans (Grimes Golden Bellflower R. I. Greening GN 91748 9-23 10-9 16 “ N. Y. Pippins Mixed car] Fall Spitz | Roxbury Russet | Maiden Blush CBQ 38572 9-29 10-17 18 days Jonathans GN =: 90352 10-10 10-18 Suess Mixed Choice GN 91588 10-9 10-18 ieee’ Mixed Choice GN 91744 10-11 10-18 Te Mixed Choice GN 90440 10-12 10-21 Ore Stayman Winesap GN =: 91330 10-14 10-21 (eis Black Bens GN 90512 10-13 10-21 8 Spitzenbergs GN 92060 10-12 10-24 il Dpeae Ss Spitzenbergs GN 91528 10-11 10-24 1 eat Jonathans GN 92192 10-13 10-24 flees Mixed Choice Ic 52265 10-3 10-24 Dal Se Jonathans CBQ 39614 9-30 10-24 Na Jonathans GN 90308 10-16 10-25 Oe Mixed Choice GNMmonai (0G 10-25 19) < | Wamesaps ) Spitzenbergs CB&Q 39526 10-5 10-25 PX) Jonathans GN 91006 10-6 10-26 XY) Jonathans GN 90348 10-18 10-26 Sie =: Mixed Choice GN 90824 10-9 10-27 I Mixed Choice GN 90594 10-20 10-28 Senet Mixed Choice GN 91426 10-20 10-28 Syas Mixed Choice GN 90648 10-19 10-30 Ae: Arkansas Black GN 90774 10-24 10-31 Th pes Mixed Choice GN 91768 10-23 10-31 Sese Mixed Choice GN 90584 10-17 10-31 14 “ Winesaps CBQ 38734 10-12 10-31 if Oiereess Rome Beauty URT 372 10-10 10-31 Pilberes Staymans CBQ 38077 10-5 10-31 A Jonathans GN 90934 10-6 10-31 Dy © Jonathans CBQ 38875 10-9 10-31 Dore Jonathans Average time from shipment to payment, 13 days. These cars form a small portion of those to be shipped by the Cashmere Union in 1911. They cover those paid for up to October 31. to October 14, and many since, have been settled for. majority of the entire number shipped, sold before picking! tion! Not a diversion necessary! What is the moral? Sizes (Inclusive) 34%, 4, 4% and 5 3%, 4, 4% and 5 3%, 4, 4% and 5d 3%, 4, 4% and 5 3%, 4, 4% 3%, 4, 4% 3%, 4, 4% 3%, 4, 4% 3%, 4, 4% 3%, 4, 4% 3%, 4 All sizes “ 3 6c 66 3, 344, 4, 4% 3%, 4, 4% 3, 34%, 4, 4% 3, 344, 4, 4% 3%, 4, 4% All sizes (3%, 4 }4% 3%, 4, 4% and 5 All sizes 3%, 4, 4% and d 3, 34%, 4, 4% 3%, 4 3%, 4, 4% All sizes 3, 34%, 4, 4% All sizes 3%, 4, 4% and 5 3 and 3% 3%, 4, 4% 4%-tier only 4 and 4% 4 and 4% Extra Fancy $1.40 1.40 1.40 1.60 1.25 1.20 1.60 1.25 1.75 1.60 1.35 2.00 2.00 1.50 1.50 1.35 1.50 2.00 2.25 1.50 1.50 1.85 2.00 1.60 1.50 1.60 1.60 1.60 Not a single rejec- Fancy 1.15 1.30 1.25 1.00 1.25 1.40 1.25 1.75 1.75 1.50 1.35 2.00 1.25 1.35 1.75 1.35 1.25 1.40 1.40 1.40 All cars shipped Each car was sold before shipment, and the Every sale was F.O.B. Northwestern Fruit Exchange Head Offices, Spalding Building, PORTLAND WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 4 LE YOU WAND mo MPAGRGKGE Ae) NSORORK FRUIT RIGHT ALWAYS SHIP TO W.B. Glafke Co. WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE 108-110 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON The Old Reliable BELL & CO. Incorporated WHOLESALE FRUITS AND PRODUCE 112-114 Front Street PORTLAND, OREGON Mark Levy & Co. COMMISSION MERCHANTS WHOLESALE FRUITS 121-123 FRONT AND 200 WASHINGTON ST. PORTLAND, OREGON T. O’MALLEY CO. COMMISSION MERCHANTS Wholesale Fruits and Produce We make a specialty in Fancy Apples, Pears and Strawberries 13@ Front Street, Portland, Oregon BELPER ER W. H. DRYER DRYER, BOLLAM & CO. November W. W. BOLLAM GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 128 FRONT STREET PHONES: MAIN 3848 A 2848 Levy & Spiegl WHOLESALE FRUITS & PRODUCE Commission Merchants SOLICIT YOUR CONSIGNMENTS Top Prices and Prompt Returns PORTLAND, OREGON Richey & Gilbert Co. H. M. Gitsert, President and Manager Growers and Shippers of YAKIMA VALLEY FRUITS AND PRODUCE Specialties: Apples, Peaches, .. Pears and Cantaloupes TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON PORTLAND, OREGON Correspondence Solicited RYAN & VIRDEN CO. BUTTE, MONTANA Branch Houses: Livingston, Bozeman, Billings Montana Pocatello, Idaho Salt Lake City, Utah Wholesale Fruit and Produce We Have Mopern Coip STORAGE FACILITIES EssENTIAL FOR HANDLING Your Propucts A strong house that gives reliable market reports and prompt cash returns W. F. LARAWAY DOCTOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY EYES LENSES TESTED GROUND Over 30 Years’ Experience Telescopes, Field Glasses Magnifiers to examine scale Hood River and Glenwood Oregon Iowa SGOBEL & DAY Established 1869 235-238 West Street Strictly commission house. Exporters of Newtown Pippins pears and prunes. NEW YORK Specialists in apples, to their own representatives in England QUALITY QUALITY QUALITY WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOTTI JI Ie Wel STEINHARDT & KELLY 101 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK THE MOST EXTENSIVE OPERATORS IN HIGH CLASS FRUITS IN THE WORLD HE Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly take great pleasure in advising the fruit growers of the Northwest that a member of the firm will as usual make his annual trip to the Coast sometime dur- ing the latter part of August and the early part of September, for the purpose of acquiring, both by the outright purchase or such other method as agreeable to the growers, the large amount of reserve stock in all varities of fruit which their business demands. Particularly do the Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly wish to draw the attention of the growers to their prac- tically unlimited outlet for fancy fruit and to their sincere belief in their ability to handle and dispose of the crops of the most extensive districts at prevailing market rates with celerity and dispatch. @ The Messrs. Steinhardt & Kelly might also incidentally mention that they have completed arrangements giving them cold storage space for several hundred carloads in the very best cold storage warehouses in the East and Middle West. q@ All correspondence will get the prompt personal attenton of a member of the firm Page 6 Bie Davee November Ship Your APPLES and PEARS to the Purely Commission and Absolutely Reliable House W. DENNIS & SONS COVENT GARDEN MARKET asl) LONDON SLOCOM’S BOOK STORE Office Supplies Stationery Ledgers, Journals, Time Books Memorandum Books LIMITED SEATTLE Increased 194 per cent in population, according to Uncle Sam’s last census. This is more than any other large city in the PACIFIC NORTHWEST. WASHINGTON Leads all states of the Union in growth, having increased 120.4 per cent, according to the same authority. If you want accurate information about Seattle and Washington, subscribe for PACIFIC NORTHWEST COMMERCE The official publication of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce. Comes monthly, $1.50 a year. Address CUMBERLAND STREET LIVERPOOL BUMEG'S oebds that GOW 140 VARIETIES ANY QUANTITY Plenty of stock in our 40,000 pounds Growing Plants as season requires All makes high grade Pruning Tools Garden Tools Hose and Spray Nozzles International Stock and Poultry Food International Remedies Incubators and Brooders Everything for Building Everything for Furnishing Stewart Hardware & Furniture Co. 22,000 feet floor space. Hood River, Oregon Rubber Stamps PACIFIC NORTHWEST COMMERCE Suite 842 Central Building SEATTLE, WASHINGTON Souvenir Postals Picture Frames pitzenbergs é Newtowns From the Hood River Valley, Oregon Took the first prize on carload entry at the Third National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, and Chicago, Illinois, 1910. The Spitzenberg car scored, out of a possible 1,000 points, 997. The Newtown car, out of a possible 990 points, scored 988. The Spitzenberg carload also won the championship carload prize at this show. Can You Beat It? We have got land improved and unim- proved that is growing such fruit and that can grow it. We are agents for the Mount Hood Railroad Company’s logged off lands in Upper Hood River Valley. Many started in a small way; today they are independ- ent. You can begin today. It pays to see us. Send today for large list of Hood River orchard land, improved and unim- proved, and handsome illustrated booklet. The above picture shows a prize-winning exhibit of Upper Hood River Valley apples at the Hood River Apple Show W. J. Baker & Company #8 Oregon The oldest real estate firm in Hood River. Best apple land our specialty WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1911 BETTER FRUIT Page 7 APPLE, CHERRY ‘TREES PEAR, PEACH ‘TREES MILTON NURSERY COMPANY A. MILLER & SONS, Inc. You cannot afford to take a chance in buying trees to plant for future profit. It requires knowledge, exper- ience and equipment to grow reliable nursery stock. OUR 33 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE in growing first-class trees, true to name, for commercial orchards, insures our customers against any risk as to quality and genuineness of stock. Orders are now being booked for fall delivery 1911. Catalog and price list free for the asking. Address all communications to MILTON NURSERY COMPANY, Milton, Oregon Ryan & Newton | | YAKIMA COUNTY 4 Company HORTICULTURAL UNION Wholesale Fruits & Produce North Yakima, Washington C. R. Paddock, Manager Stanley-Smith Lumber Co. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL LUMBER Lath, Shingles, Wood, Etc. Spokane, Washington Apples, Pears, Peaches, Cherries We have modern cold stor- Plums, Prunes, Apricots, Grapes ais : d Cantal age facilities essential for the Ss re handling of your products Mixed carloads start about July 20. Straight carloads in season. Our fruit is the very best grade; pack guaranteed BRO Mra CASHES REN ORIN'S We use Revised Economy Code THE NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY OPERATES DAILY FROM PORTLAND, TACOMA, SEATTLE ON A 72-HOUR SCHEDULE Solid Through Train to Chicago WITHOUT CHANGE Composed of standard drawing room sleeping ears, leather upholstered ts to} tourist sleeping cars, coaches and dining cars. ‘Train is electric lighted throughout, with electric hight in each berth Reliable Market Reports HOOD RIVER, OREGON Ask for Through Tickets East via Spokane and Northern Pacific Railway Via St. Paul and Minneapolis and the Burlington Route Stops at principal cities. Close connections for Eastern trains THREE OTHER TRANCONTINENTAL TRAINS INCLUDING The North Coast Limited Mississippi Valley Limited Carrying only passengers holding A complete through train to St. Louis first-class tickets with Library-Observation car WRITE FOR FULL INFORMATION A. D. CHARLTON, ASSISTANT GENERAL PASSENGER AGEN’, PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page & BETTER FRUIT November _——S—Se ee Grafted Walnut | |) ThreeVital Points | Trees | for Buyers of Printing |} We do not grow regular nursery stock, but make Quality: The highest that brains applied to the best modern equip- ment can produce. a specialty of first-class grafted Walnut Trees. While we are growing and grafting our own trees for our 250-acre tract, we decided to grow some trees for sale. Service: Promptness and the ut- most care exercised from inception to completion of all orders. In doing so we believe we are offering the very best trees that can be bought at any price. Vroo- man Franquettes grafted on Royal Hybrid and ; F : ; B x Cost: The lowest possible, consist- California Black roots. ; 3 : ent with quality and good service. Our supply has never been equal to the demand, so if you want to be sure and have your order filled, a You may pay more elsewhere, but order early. : you cannot get more quality. Ferd Groner Rose Mound Farm HILLSBORO, OREGON F. W. Baltes and Company Printers and Binders, First and Oak, Portland 3338S eS eS eeaSeeaSsaacet IDEAL NURSERY STOCK We have all of the Standard Varieties for the Northwest and Invite Inspection of what we have to offer. Our scions are selected with care from Hood River orchards. Our stock is grown in Hood River Reasonable Prices and Special Inducements to Large Planters. We also have a very fine block of Clark Seedling Strawberry Plants to offer. Also small fruits for the home garden. IF INTERESTED WRITE FOR PRICES AND CATALOGUE TO IDEAL FRUIT AND NURSERY CO., Hood River, Oregon SS Se ee EE SE EE ES SE EE EI EI ES a SE I A ES BESS EE EI EB FEBS EO go an nom xan SB Sans nasnasinsnannasinasintnnannasinms naenasinininteinainan nieinaniotsinteinasensieaeiemtenseaeieees > st WOULDN’T YOU | | Mosier Fruit Growers’ Association Like to move to a new country if it was not for the PIONEERING? APPLES “Fancy Fruit in a O P Pp O RT Ul N | aE Y: PRUNES Fancy Pack” Is a new fruit district (under irrigation five years) PLUMS but three miles from the city of Spokane in the famous Oualit A les Spokane valley. All our tracts have electric lights, CHERRIES y Pp domestic water, telephones, in fact every modern 1 convenience. Large profits and an ideal home. PEACHES a Specialty Get particulars from CALLISON & IMUS, Exclusive Agents PEARS MOSIER. OREGON 326 W. First Avenue, Spokane, Washington WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1orl BETTER FRUIT Page 9 The HARDIE TRIPLEX = The Sprayer with the Trouble Left Out Each year demonstrates the fact that the Hardie,Triplex is best adapted to Northwestern orchard conditions. This machine is built to work successfully in any kind of an orchard, whether it is closely set or open, level or hilly. By using good materials in construction, we give you light weight without sacrifice of strength. All the liquid you need and at an even continuous high pressure. A Hardie Triplex means to you Better Spraying in less time and at lowest cost. A postal card brings you our new 64-page catalog; giving a detailed description of the construction of our Triplex and twenty other hand and power sprayers; new spraying devices, etc. Write for it today. The Hardie Mane eae Company Hudson, Michigan 49 North Front Street, Portland, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 10 ‘ BETTER FRUIT November WHITE SALMON ORCHARD LANDS The following improved ranch listed for sale for a few days: 80 acres with 30 acres set to apples, of which 16 acres are in bearing; balance of orchard, young trees one year old; 40 acres slashed and burned, ready to grub; 10 acres pasture. New apple house, 4-room residence, milk house and barn. Spring water piped to all buildings from springs on the ranch. Three acres in strawberries, also some pears and other fruits for home use. Ranch located only 2% miles from White Salmon; fine view of the Columbia River, Mount Hood and the Hood River Valley. Ranch produced over 2,000 boxes of apples last year and should produce over 3,000 boxes next year. Owner will sell (if sold at once), “including the crop, for only $25,000.00, on these very easy terms: $10,000.00 cash, $2,000.00 in one year, $1,750.00 in two years, balance $1,625.00 a year until 1920. Interest 6 per cent. A BARGAIN AT THE ABOVE PRICE AND TERMS. Another good buy is 10 or 20 acres two miles out, with spring water, for only $100.00 an acre. 40 acres, out 12 miles, all good soil and location, only $50.00 an acre. 80 acres, out 10 miles from railway station ae North Bank Railway, $62.50 an acre, including good house and 4 acres cleared ready to plant; also spring wa For more information and BARGAINS IN ORCHARD LANDS, write or see H.W.DAY REALTY CO., White Salmon, Washington This Year’s Growth | | Do You Want a Home in the midst of a delightful environ- ment? A resort city with all mod- ern improvements, mineral springs, Scenic attractions, etc. Homeseekers Do you want trees like these? They mean needed to develop small tracts in the money for you. Better buy good stock while vicinity of ASHLAND), in the famed you're at it; it’s the cheapest. Rogue River Valley of Southern Oregon. For information regarding fruit, gardening, poultry, dairy prod- ucts and stock-raising, address COMMERCIAL CLUB, Ashland, Oregon. Advertisers please mention “Bet- ter Fruit” in correspondence. Pretty good isn’t it. That’s the way we grow stock here. No wonder we have so many satisfied customers. Salesmen Wanted Some Talk Dutch, Some Talk German SOME TALK EITHER English, Irish, Swede, Danish, Italian, Japanese or Chinese We talk business. We have the trees that please all nationalities. Why? Because they are grown right. Proper care is given to varieties. They are packed correctly for shipping. They are delivered on time. Our prices are right. Write for catalogue or call our salesman. IF YOU CAN SELL GOODS WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU Capital City Nursery Company Rooms 413-415 U.S. National Bank Building, SALEM, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIT BETTER FRUIT Page 11 Nine Kimball Cultivators in operation on property of Dufur Orchard Company, Dufur, Oregon, owned by the Churchill-Matthews Company, 510 Spalding Building, Portland, Oregon. This company is using at this time thirty-five Kimball Cultivators on their Dufur, Sheridan, Drain and Cottage Grove properties. This speaks volumes for home-produced machinery. Why go East for yours? | The Kimball Cultivator Great Weeds and Fern Exterminator Hood River, Oregon, Feb. 26, Igio. W. A. Johnston, The Dalles, Oregon. Dear Sir: I use three “Kimball Culti- vators” in my orchard. There is nothing better as a weeder, dust mulcher, or to stir the soil. Yours truly, Beet Shepard.) Editor. Better Fruit.. Ninety per cent Hood River Orchardists use this machine. Send for illustrated descriptive booklet. RETAIL PRICE SCHEDULE No. 4—4¥y feet, 6 blades, weight complete 70 lbs... .$13.50 No. 11—12 feet, 15 blades, weight complete 185 lbs. .$30.00 No. 5—5¥4 feet, 7 blades, weight complete 85 lbs.... 15.00 No. 13—One 8% and one 9 feet, 23 blades, gangs, No. 6—6 feet, 8 blades, weight complete 100 lbs..... 17.50 fully rigged, weight 300 Ibs..................... 47.50 No. 7—7 feet, 9 blades, weight complete 115 lbs..... 18.50 Extra Frames $1.00 per foot; weight 10 Ibs. per foot. No. 8—8¥4 feet, 11 blades, weight complete 125 lbs.. 20.00 No. 9—10 feet, 13 blades, weight complete 140 Ibs... 25.00 No. 10—12 feet, 10 blades, open center, weight com- Extra Blades $1.50 each; weight 5 lbs. each. TERMS: Cash with order, except to dealers with estab- pletemlGOMi bss = war tenth ie Ace o 22.50 lished credit. All quotations f.0.b. The Dalles, Oregon. W. A. JOHNSTON, Manufacturer Long Distance Phone, Red 991 Office and Factory, 422 East Third Street, The Dalles, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page HD Carlots Cor.S. WATER & CLARK STREETS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Bae PA Bahlo PRU PIE This is the day of the power sprayer. The growers who first advocated spraying and were the ‘“‘pioneers” in using spray pumps, used hand outfits, and spent a lot of time going over their trees. Today they are still the leaders—for they have ‘“‘gradu- ated” from the hand sprayer class. They know now that the power sprayer is a real economy—saving time, doing more work and better work. Deming Growers Power who “Get Nprayers Things for Done” Thoroughly reliable, always ready for business. We make several different types—2%, 3 and 3% H.P. special engines. Every outfit carefully tested before we ship. Gamers of smaller orchards will be interested in our famous “Samson,” “‘Century” and ‘Simplex’ outfits—and our reliable nozzles and attachments. Catalogue free. Our dealer near you will be glad to supply your wants. Write for his name. CRANE CO., Pacific Coast Agents Portland Seattle Spokane San Francisco THE DEMING COMPANY, Manufacturers 335 Success Building, Salem, Ohio Makers of Hand, Windmill and Power Pumps for All Uses SPRAY PUMP This Light Weight Grader Will Solve Your Irrigation Problems It is an all-steel one-man machine. It weighs only 600 pounds. It will stir your soil, level your land, cut laterals, pick up dirt and drop it where you want it, and cut ditches 24 to 36 inches deep at a cost of 2 cents a rod. It will do more work than big heavy graders in less time and with less effort. One man with two horses operates it. Ditches cut with the 20th Century Grader are “V” shaped, with firm, solid sides—no fear of their being washed down. is a many purpose, easily operated machine that pays for itself over and over again and puts money into your pocket. To get big results your work must be right, so you must have the right machine. Let us tell you what others say about this wonderful machine. We want to prove to your satisfaction that it’s a genuine money- maker. There are many uses to which the 20th Century Grader is specially adapted and many ways you can make big money by using it on your own land and on your neighbors’. Write for our interest- ing and valu- able free book giving full information about this money - mak- ing machine, what it has sands. and ig. THE BAKER MANUFACTURING CO. SUL AGS OE 542 Hunter Building you. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT November TOIT BEG TER ER et Page 13 And Still to the Fore The BOLTO ] ORCHARD Burns 8 hours ee aa ‘ LARGE SIZE ack Iron, 20c eac ; —Wy Capaci Galvanized, 23c each The Pioneer ithout a Peer ee eae : PRICE Absolutely essential to every grower. Drastic tests of last spring proved Black Iron, 26c each its infallibility. Operation perfect and simple. Construction unexcelled Galvanized, 30c each E oe The experimental stage has long since passed. NEEL, Equip now. Next season may be more severe than last. DON’T HESITATE DON’T DELAY Automatic ELECTRIC ALARM Thermometers Send for our new booklet. The It will tell you how to save your fruit. Watch Dog of the Ora The Bolton Orchard Heater of today is constructively perfect. $22.50 Better than ever. DELIVERED Costs no more. Specify alarm temperature required. It is advisable to have it set several degrees above the danger point. THE FROST PREVENTION CoO. Bank of Italy Building, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Endorsed by California Fruit Growers’ Exchange and forty other Fruit Associations. GEORGE H. PARKER, Oregon Agent, 403 West D Street, Grants Pass, Oregon FRED H. HAMMER, So. California Agent, 107 So. Broadway, Los Angeles, California YAKIMA REX SPRAY CO., Northwest States Agents, North Yakima, Washington L. W. FISHER, Middle West Agent, 109 Temple Block, Kansas City, Missouri WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 14 BETTER FRUIT November John Amicon Brother & Company Third and Naghten Streets, COLUMBUS,OHIO Located on the Pennsylvania System Tracks and B. & O. Ry. ALSO BRANCHES Our market contains 200,000 inhabitants located in the central part of the state with many railroad and electric lines passing through here. 1,000,000 people in surrounding territory, who depend on this market for their supplies. We want car lots of Western Apples. We are the heaviest operators in the state of Ohio in Western Box Apples. Write today, stating number of cars you will ship; also state varieties. Look up our financial standing; ask any National Bank in city of Columbus. DISTRIBUTERS IN THE NORTHWEST: Inland Seed Co., Spokane, Washington Hardie Manufacturing Co., Portland, Oregon Samuel Loney & Co., Walla Walla, Washington Missoula Drug Co., Missoula, Montana Western Hardware & Implement Co., Lewiston, Idaho Salem Fruit Union, Salem, Oregon Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, Hood River, Oregon C. J. Sinsel, Boise, Idaho Yakima County Horticulturists’ Union, North Yakima, Washington Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co., Twin Falls, Idaho Rogue River Fruit and Produce Ass’n, Medford, Oregon And in all consuming districts. Winners of the GRAND SWEEPSTAKE PRIZE of $1,000.00 for best car of Apples shown at the National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, were as follows: sioeay one Lan roe Coding: kote tie 1908—M. Horan, Wenatchee, Washington. \ » 1 = ® ena! i 7 Gi asselli Ad senate of Lead 1909—Tronson & Guthrie, Eagle Point, Oregon. 1910—C. H. Sproat, Hood River, Oregon. IT IS THE BEST All the above sprayed with Grasselli Arsenate of Lead. MANUFACTURED BY THE GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO. Established 1839 MAIN OFFICE: CLEVELAND, OHIO DISTRIBUTERS IN ALL THE FRUIT GROWING DISTRICTS For further information write nearest distri- Beaneh New York Chicago St. Paul buter named above, or The Grasselli Chem- Of e St. Louis Cincinnati Birmingham ical Co., St. Paul. : ices { New Orleans Milwaukee Detroit WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQTI BETTER FRUIT Page 15 W. E. BIGALOW, President Capital and Surplus $100,000.00 H. J. BIGALOW, Secretary and Treasurer Established 1883 REFERENCES: SOME OF OUR SHIPPERS—REFERENCES California Growers’ Exchange, Los Angeles, Cal. California Fruit Distributors. Earl Fruit Company. Pioneer Fruit Company. Producers’ Fruit Company, Sacramento, Cal. Stewart Fruit Company, Los Angeles, Cal. Atwood Grape Fruit Company, Manavista, Fla. Florida Citrus Exchange, Tampa, Fla. W. G. Martin, Castleberry, Ala. Sylvester Fruit Co., Sylvester, Ga. Gibson Fruit Co., Chicago, Ill. Mills Bros., Chicago, III. Fobbers and Wholesalers The First National Bank, Cleveland All Commercial Agencies The Produce Reporter Company Any reliable house in our line in the United States Commission Merchants CLEVELAND, OHIO rapes, Plums, Prunes, Pears, Peaches, Grapes We have the largest and best trade in the Cleveland territory; our facilities are unsurpassed We have had years of experience in handling box apples and fancy fruits We solicit your correspondence and shipments \\ Searight Pruning Tools | ARE CLASS AND QUALITY THROUGH AND THROUGH 4 They are made of the very best of materials and designed on practical and scientific principles. Not cheap nor built for cheap trade, but when strength, durability, capac- : Length 9 inches Pivotal Draw-Cut 3= Hand Pruner ity, ease of operation, and desirable quali- ties are considered, they stand alone. Cheap tools are generally expensive, while high grade, desirable tools are cheap at any rea- sonable price. Searight Tools Are Guaranteed Insist on seeing and trying them A card will bring information No. 18 Hand Pruning Saw DETROIT SHEAR COMPANY ~~ No.1 Extension Tree Trimmer INGE a) ae is the same as No. I in all respects except the com- No. 888 PlainHand Pruner 899 Greenwood Avenue DEDROM MICHIGAN © Saeco 2 WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 16 BETTER FRUIT November Central Oreg ff ny wa > Is Now Reached via the Deschutes Branch Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Co. For both Passenger and Freight Traffic to and from Madras, Metolius, Culver, Opal City, Redmond, Bend and other Central Oregon points SCHEDULE ue Portland { 7:50 A.M. Liye Opals Giiteyaeee ere se 8:15 A.M. = et ee eee ae van Metolius = 8:43 A.M. Wo JUN IDAMICS sescssessscn LB .M. AOE NOLES: seunoananpaee teste Hee 9:0 .M. Ly. Deschutes Je. ......... 1:30 P.M. Dy ages ete JAP, EGS cc oec cece. RAR TRON Ary DesehuiesiG ce. op see eat) AreeVietolinsse ee 6:00 P.M. Ar. The Dalles ...............1:05 P.M. Ar Opal @itiyaeec ene ee 6:30 P.M. PNG JEXOH NTI! aeons sseden-onsc d:45 P.M. Auto and regular stage connections to La Pine, Fort Rock, Silver Lake, Prineville, Burns, Klamath Falls and other inland points The Direct, Quick and Natural Route between Portland and All Points in Central Oregon Call on any O..W. R. & N. Agent for any information desired, or address WM. McMURRAY GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII The Best of the World's Best Apples ARE GROWN AT MOSIER, OREGON ON THE COLUMBIA Amid the most perfect of clmatic, scenic and social conditions, and are shipped to The Far Corners of the Earth Over our splendid systems of rail and water trans- portation, commanding the very highest prices. LAND at Mosier may be had at a more reasonable price than in any other strictly high class, PROVEN apple district. Let us mail you a partial list of land for sale, with any other information you may care to have. We also bring land into bearme at absolute cost, under our original selling method. If you ean’t look after your place in person, ask about our plan. D. D. HAIL CoO. MOSIER, OREGON NO TROUBLE TO ANSWER QUESTIONS Western Pacific Railway The New Transcontinental Highway REACHES a rich agricultural terri- tory hitherto without a railroad. OPENS new markets to the merchant and orchardist and a virgin field to the land-seeker. A one per cent maximum grade, obtained at the cost of millions, makes possible the fastest freight service ever given to California shippers DAILY through merchandise cars for package freight FROM Boston, New York, Chicago, St. Louis and Kansas City FOR all points in Northern and Cen- tral California. For rates and routing instructions, etc., write H. M. ADAMS, F. T. M., Mills Building, San Francisco The New Transcontinental Highway Western Pacific Railway WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT Page 1 What Constitutes a Good spray Pump? High Pressure - to throw a strong, fine spray. A Pump—of sufficient capacity under slow speed. An Agitator—to keep mixture well stirred so that it cannot clog pipes and nozzles. Some Method of Cleaning the strainer. Ask any fruit farmer with experience. He will tell you that the most annoying thing is to find pump, suction or nozzles clogged when he has a tank full of spray mixture in the orchard and must clean out before his sprayer will work. WwW Automatic Brushes with Mechanical Agitators Here © furnished with Empire King Barrel Pump and Come In Watson-Ospraymo Potato Sprayer, also with Leader-Triplex Gasoline Engine Machines of 10 gallons per minute capacity, and capable of a nozzle pressure of 250 to 300 pounds. These Triplex Pumps are run only 40 to 50 revolutions per min- ute. This slow speed| means long life, greater efficiency, less up-keep cost, the weight is not too heavy for two horses—1550 pounds with 2 H.P. engine and 150 gallon tank, including wag- on with five-inch tires; or with 34 H.P. engine and 200 gallon tank, 1800 pounds. Insist on This Trade Mark The prices are not too high for efficiency, durability, capacity and satisfaction. Are you interested? A postal will bring you into touch with our nearest agency. FIELD FORCE PUMP Co. Dept. B ELMIRA, N.Y. ACID BLAST | ETCHED PLATES | We have iustalled/ the ory etching machines in the State of Ovegow Blast etched cats aye 2 PUInUiNg oualtty Which Las never before been obtainable witte Process exgrayed pla LES svver THEY COST THE SAME AS THE OTHER KIND (607 BLAKE-M*FALL BLDG., PORTLAND. OREGON / Page 18 BETTER FRUIT November Bean Giant PRESSURE mec uCarDW we, THE BEAN GIANT! ~~~ The most perfect power sprayer ever put on the market. It has immense capac- ity, is built low down and is easily moved, affords CONSTANT high pressure, and is , free from breakdowns. Biota tapson| A new feature—the Bean Refiller—fills the 200-gallon tank in five minutes. No movable parts. Costs less than our rotary, or any other, supply pump. Note the illus- tration carefully. Pressure SIGN THIS IF YOU WANT A COPY OF OUR NEW CATALOG Regulator The greatest single improve- ment ever added to a power sprayer. It enables the operator to maintain an even pressure at any desired gauge. We cannot go into minute description in this limited space, but we will gladly send you a descriptive circular that explains this new feature thoroughly. This unique regulator relieves the engine whenever the nozzles are partly or wholly shut off— and uses the full energy only when all nozzles are in use. In the course of a day, from one-fourth to one-third of the e gasoline and the same proportion of wear and tear on the engine Bean Spray Pump Co. 213 West Julian Street, San Jose, California. Please send me a copy of your new Catalog as soon as it comes from the press. If you want our sales- man to call check here 1 e ° ° ° and pump are saved by the use 213 West Julian Street, San Jose, California SPOKE cGieneine ine. ine it is always safe and dependable. EASTERN FACTORY AT CLEVELAND, OHIO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1911 BETTER PRU PHOTOGRAPHS CANNOT LIE—They show exactly what comes before the camera. Half-tones are exact reproductions of photographs and are necessarily true to nature. SA A block of Bing, Lambert, Royal Ann (Napoleon) as the camera shows it Sweet Cherry For the western cherry grower we have thousands upon thousands of handsome l-yr. and 2-yr. trees, grown in the finest cherry soil in the world. Bing, Lambert and Royal Ann (Napoleon) constitute the bulk of our sweet cherry blocks, and these three varieties are the ones that are planted almost exclusively and are the ones that have made the cherry regions of the West famous. They are unfailing money makers. Sweet cherries can be grown only in favored localities; the area is so limited that over production cannot be considered even amoné the possibilities—at least for many years. Therefore, these regions ‘must increase their plantings as the demand for the fruit is increasing with each season—much more rapidly than the production, and the markets have never been one-tenth supplied. They should be planted by the thousands of acres. Cherry growing for the canners—to say nothing of the sreat and growing markets for the fresh fruit—is becoming one of the great industries of the West and it is only fairly well begun. The markets of the world are open to the producer. POSSESSES Condensed Stark Year Book, 1912, is now in the hands of the printers and will be sent free to any reader of Better Fruit. Write for it today, and when writing tell us your planting plans. Perhaps some lessons we have learned in our many years of experience in nursery and orchard will help you steer clear of some of the orchard mistakes that cost many planters dearly. We will be glad to be of any service. The help of our Special Service Department is yours for the asking. Stark Bro’s Nurseries & Orchards Co. Louisiana, Missouri. Lock Box 12 A. As WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 20 BETTER FRUIT November The Hamilton Reservoir Orchard Heater It is the best, considered by any standard. it is the most POWERFUL because of the REGULATED FIRE. It is the most ECONOMICAL because of the REGULATED FIRE. It is the simplest in operation because of the REGULATED FIRE. It delivers any amount of heat desired AT THE TIME IT IS NEEDED because of the REGULATED FIRE. It gives a rise of temperature exactly in proportion to the amount of oil con- sumed, and it is possible to consume any amount of oil necessary, and no other type does. It meets ALL THE REQUIREMENTS of a successful orchard heater, and no other type does. We challenge anyone to successfully dispute these claims. Satisfy yourself that we are right. Read = The King of All. Orchard Heaters Two Bulletins Published in this paper. Study Oregon Bulletin No. 110 and note what round types of heaters did in careful operations. Note the size and conditions of the orchard, the temperatures of the night, the wind and other features. Note carefully the temperature rise maintained with the equipment used, the temperatures at 2 A. M. and 6 A. M. and when the greatest rise was experienced, and what it was. Please study also Bulletin No. 32, by Piofessor R. F. Howard of the Horticulture Department of University of Nebraska, and the results he secured against a heavy wind with the Sliding Cover type, which permitted of the Regulated Fire. Note carefully what he says about different types of heaters, and which has proven the best and most economical in action against frost. A study of the two pieces of literature in a comparative way will give you more reliable information on different types of heaters than anything any manufacturer can. We give a letter here that further explains how the Reservoir heater, with the Regulated Fire, operates. Com- pare this with these bulletins. We have scores more like it. Write for them and for full information about the only heater that made good in Texas last winter. Remember, you can’t save your oil and your fruit at the same time. Palisade, Colorado, May 27, 1911. Mr. James L. Hamilton, Grand Junction, Colorado. My Dear Sir: The results from using your orchard heaters this season have been so satisfactory and demonstrated to me so fully that fruit can be saved every season by intelligently using them, that I am impelled to write you quite fully how I saved my splendid crop. I have about four and one-half acres in fruit and used 250 heaters of the three-gallon size. At sundown on the night of April 12 it registered, according to my government-tested thermometer, 36 degrees. I kept close watch and by 10 p. m. it had gone down to 30 degrees. Knowing it was close to the danger point, I prepared for lighting. At 10:30 I began firing, for the temperature had reached 29 degrees. I first opened the heaters on every other row, moving the covers to the second hole. By this method I raised and maintained the temperature at 36 to 37 degrees. I kept watch of the variations of tem- perature on the outside and found that it was gradually growing colder. By midnight the ther- mometer indicated 26 on the outside and on the inside of my orchard it had dropped to 34 degrees, and by 4 a. m. the mereury indicated 24 degrees on the outside and on the inside 30. I then fired all the remaining heaters, leaving those first lighted open at the second hole and opening the others at the third hole. I then went back to the thermometers and found the mercury had gone lower, and at 5 a. m. indicated the low temperature of 21 degrees on the outside; at the same time the temperature remained at 30 degrees on the inside. Knowing that I had considerable reserve power in my heaters, I from this time on kept watch, so if it became necessary I could apply same. I burned them as last adjusted till 7:30 in the morning without refilling, making nine hours’ heating period, consuming, as near as I can tell, about 500 gallons of oil during the nine hours’ heating on the entire tract. The wind varied considerably during the heating. The sliding cover feature of the heater is, in my opinion, the most valuable economic device of the heater. This enabled me to control, first, the amount of oil consumed, and second, the increasing or decreasing of the heat as required, very repidly. It is not often that nine or ten hours of continuous heating is required, but it is always safe to keep the heaters well filled and enough of them to do the work in extreme cases like the one we have experienced this season. By being prepared and properly adjusting the sliding cover, refilling is not necessary when the heat is most needed. Economy, too, is not a small item. I am now fully convinced that your orchard heater will do the work claimed for it, and I, as well as others who used them, as they must or should be used, this season, under the most adverse conditions, can show most gratifying results. Very truly, (Signed) W. A. RHOADES. Wanted Hreryvnere Hamilton Orchard Heater Co. °'tijraty"” WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT eer TER FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING Frost Injury Prevention Methods in Rogue River Valley By P. J. O’Gara, Pathologist and Special Meteorological Observer United States Weather Bureau is by no means a new thing, although perusal of some recent writings and discussions would lead one to believe that it is. As a matter of fact, however, the protection of plants and fruits from frost injury dates back perhaps more than two thousand years. It is known that the Romans practiced heating and smudg- ing as a protection against frost injury; this fact is vouched for by Pliny, who recommended the practice. Smudging was also recommended by Olivier de Serres, a French agriculturist, in the sixteenth century. He recommended the use of wet straw and half-rotten manures so as to produce a heavy smoke. In the latter part of the eighteenth century the practice of smudging was compulsory in parts of Germany, and failure to comply with certain set regulations resulted in prosecution before an officer of the law who imposed exemplary punishment. It is also recorded by Boussingault that the Indians of Peru practiced frost prevention, and that this was inherited from the pre-Spanish civilization. A reference to the literature which we have at hand shows some of the earlier work in frost prevention was by no means so crude as one would suppose. As a matter of fact, some of the mod- ern practices are less scientific in their adaptations than the earliest attempts at frost prevention of which we have any record. During the eighties and early nineties the French vine growers did some remarkable wotk; and we find them even at that time using heavy oils as fuel, placing these oils in flat ironware dishes. There were also used many prepared fuels, which would render a very dense smoke. There had also been devised systems of automatic lighting which were more or less successful. These systems were operated by a mercuric column, not very much unlike some of our modern automatic alarm thermometers. Even at this time it was understood that there is a certain advantage in co-op- eration in frost prevention since the work done by one grower near by aided in the protection of the crops of others.. About the same time that the French vine growers were carrying on their work in frost prevention by cer- tain heating and smudging devices, our California and Florida orange growers were experimenting. At this time some of the deciduous fruit growers of the Sacramento Valley and elsewhere in California were also working along Pes ov no against frost injury this line. It is remarkable that some of this work did not bear as good results as it should, since it has only been within recent years that fruit and vegetable growers throughout the United States have made a practice of protecting their crops from _ frost injury. Even now the practice is not as general as it should be, but this is largely true because the public in gen- eral has had very little reliable infor- mation and data on the subject of frost prevention. Furthermore, widely sep- Features of this Issue MODERN METHODS IN FROST PRE- VENTION IN THE ROGUE RIVER VALLEY FORECASTING FROST IN THE NORTH PACIFIC STATES ARTICLES ON SUCCESSFUL ORCHARD HEATING METHODS NATIONAL COUNTRY LIFE CONGRESS PRELIMINARY FROST FIGHTING STUDIES IN THE ROGUE RIVER VALLEY THE FRUIT GROWER’S THERMOMETER ORCHARD MANAGEMENT IN NEW ENGLAND (Continued from last issue) arated districts, with their different varieties of fruits and different cli- matic conditions, cannot rely entirely upon practices and results obtained under conditions wholly dissimilar. However, the knowledge gained during the past few years is such that the methods now used have a more gen- eral application than former ones. In the discussion which is to follow, frost prevention by means of heating and smudging only will be considered. The various other methods, such as irrigat- ing, sprinkling or spraying with water, will not be discussed. The present methods of frost preven- tion by means of fires and smudges, using the various types of oil pots and heaters, are by no means perfect. Per- haps in time, and very shortly too, we will have some method of orchard pro- tection that is better than the oil pot now in use. Someone has said that the so-called smudge pot is as crude an appliance for the prevention of frost injury as the ancient sickle is for reap- ing. Today, no one would think of using the sickle in place of the modern harvester; but if the grain grower of the past had refused to gather his grain until the modern self-binder was invented humanity would have disap- peared from the surface of the earth. The fuel pot for frost prevention may be considered as inefficient and as crude as is the steam engine of today which utilizes only a small percentage of the heat energy in the fuel con- sumed beneath the steam boiler; but this is no argument against the oil pot, as the steam engine is one of the most useful of all modern machines and will keep its place at the head of all prime movers until a better machine is invented. There is always someone to be found who will frown upon the present method of doing things, believ- ing that he has, or perhaps will have, something which will be better. How- ever, the orchardists cannot wait for the man who has an undeveloped idea, but must take the very best means at hand, though it be crude, to protect himself from loss. It must be under- stood at the outset that the orchardist cannot afford to equip his orchard with apparatus of too costly a nature; it must be simple, or at least easily work- able, and not too delicate for practi- cal use. The protection of orchards from frost injury is not an experiment in Rogue River Valley. There are probably some who may think it is, but a perusal of the records in the office of the patholo- gist and entomologist will show that the experimental stage in practical orchard heating has passed. A glance over the valley will show the large commercial orchards equipped with fuel pots for burning crude oil, distil- late and coal, while others are pro- tected by means of wood, which has proven very successful. Will anyone say that a commercial orchardist who has for the past four seasons saved his crop, valued at more than $1,000 per acre, is much in need of advice? If the cost of saving his crop is well below the maximum it would seem that, for him, his method must be the best. During the past season of frosts the Rogue River Valley orchardists did not experiment. In saving the crops from frost injury a safe approxima- tion would put the number of fires used at fifty thousand. A large num- ber of these were fuel pots burning crude oil and distillate, but there was also a very large number of wood fires, which, though somewhat clumsier to handle, were none the less effective in obtaining the desired results, namely, UN LN} Page Note how the wood is pushed into the flame. saving the crops from damage. To be specific, the Burrell orchard, including the George B. Carpenter orchard, used perhaps 8,000 pots; Bear Creek, 3,600; Snowy Butte, 2,000; Fiero, 2,000; Butz and Beckwith, 1,000. These few instances are given to show what some of the orchardists are doing. Last year, the total number of orders for fuel pots, including those for burning coal, approximated 15,000; this year a total of perhaps 20,000 more were ordered, making a grand total of 35,000 pots used in Jackson County. Jose- phine County also ordered quite a large number, and such orchards as the Eisman and Pritchard are fully equipped, and have been for the past two or three seasons. In a commercial way, the types of pots used were the Fresno, Bolton and Hamilton. The Troutman pot was used only in an experimental plot and was demonstrated by an agent of the company manufacturing it. The Ideal coal pot was in use during last season’s frost period, so that it has been in the valley two seasons. It is not the object of this article to discuss the relative merits of the different types of pots. The writer, however, has contended that the simplest type, which, of course, will be the least expensive, is the one which will grow in favor with the fruit growers. As has been stated in previous articles, the lard pail type is just as efficient as the Fresno pot with its row of holes near the upper rim. The Bolton pot has one disad- vantage with respect to the arrester, or partial cover, which is placed over the mouth of the pot. No doubt in burning 28-degree test distillate this type of pot will work very nicely, but with crude oil or slop distillate the heavy coating of soot will tend to clog the openings, and, in the course of a night’s use, will have a marked effect BSR Lele Pear crop valued at $1,000 an acre was saved at a cost of four dollars an acre for firing. in reducing the efficiency of the pot. It may even clog so much as to put out the flame. However, this pot used open and without arrester, may be equal to the Fresno or lard pail type, and has proven so in actual test, since, burned that way, it is practically the same as the other two types. The Hamilton heater is so arranged as to increase or decrease the burning sur- face so as to regulate the amount of heat. This pot, which is made in the form of a rectangular trough, is not so saving of fuel as might be supposed, since there is often a tendency for the flame to burn back of the apron which hangs downward from _ the OTE Peete, 1 Figure 2—Fir Cordwood Used in the Orchard of Potter & Goold, Medford, Oregon November sliding cover, and which regulates, or is supposed to regulate, the amount of fuel burned. The Ideal coal heater is designed to hold 25 to 30 pounds of coal, and is very satisfactory so far as heating is concerned, but the fact that a great deal of time is required to lay the fires, or prepare the heaters, is somewhat against their use. There are a large number of heaters on the mar- ket, each one with its particular claim for efficiency; but as yet, with the fuels we have here, it is a question as to what superiority one type may have over another. So far there has been no real efficiency test made in any part of the country where heaters have been used side by side under abso- lutely like conditions. Manufacturers have been unwilling to make such com- petitive tests; and, in some _ cases where such tests were supposed to be made, one manufacturer would not accede to the conditions imposed by the other. This has been the case in a test which was to have been carried out in this valley during the past season. A competitive test made by a dozen manufacturers would be of con- siderable interest to the fruit growers, and would tend to eliminate such heaters as prove to be _ inefficient. However, where only two types were used in a test which was in no way competitive little interest was shown. Furthermore, when a so-called test is made under conditions where it is almost impossible to lose out little can be said that would be favorable. An orchard with old spreading trees and the fruiting area rather high is very easy to protect under our conditions. It is the young orchard, which covers only a small part of the ground and traps little heat, with the fruiting area very low down near the ground, that is difficult to protect from frost injury. es. ee Note the method of piling the sticks, which are in four-foot lengths ‘ 1QU! A test in such an orchard would really be worth while. As has been stated before, the fuels used are crude oil, 28-degree test dis- tillate, coal, wood (old rails and cord- wood), straw, sawdust and manure, the latter being mainly used to produce a dense smudge. One of the greatest difficulties in the use of crude oil and slop distillate is the presence of water, which tends to extinguish the flame or cause the pots to boil over. The presence of water in crude oil is due to the fact that water is forced into the rifled delivery pipes as a jacket so that the oil will flow readily. Crude oil can- not be forced through long lines of pipe without this water jacket. The water, though small in amount, goes directly into the storage tank, where, if the temperature of the oil rises, the water will sink to the bottom of the tank. It can then be drained off. Often, how- ever, the water, which at low tempera- tures is very nearly the specific gravity of the oil, remains in pockets, or small globules, distributed through the oil. Outside of the fact that the crude oil often contains water it has a very great tendency to deposit large amounts of soot on the trees, as well as tending to clog certain types of pots. Besides, a very large amount of residuum is left behind so that a second or a third filling will so coat the sides and bot- tom of the pot that it will hold much less oil in future fillings, and will, therefore, burn for a much shorter “period. For instance, a pot that will hold one gallon when clean will not hold more than three-fourths of a gal- lon after having been burned two or three times. This is a very serious defect, and one that cannot be over- looked. The crude oil from the wells of the Pacific Coast is unlike that of the East or Middle West in that it has an asphaltum base. No matter what the type of pot, a heavy asphal- tum oil cannot be perfectly burned; that is to say, combustion is not com- plete. The heavy asphaltum base requires a much larger amount of oxy- BETTER FRUIT ale ce : CEO Ne ROR So Figure 6—Distillate, 28° Test, Used in the Marshall Orchard, Season of 1910 This crop was saved, while the one across the road was completely destroyed by a temperature - of 26 degrees F gen than even the best type of pot can furnish, hence the large amount of residuum left on the sides and bottom of the pot. The oils of the East have a paraffine base and burn much better. At this time, however, it would seem impossible to bring this oil in so as to compete with the Pacific Coast product. A certain understanding between the oil companies exists, and, besides, the freight charges would bring the price up to a point where its use would be prohibitive. The distillate used last year, as has been mentioned before, is a perfect fuel. It burns readily, leaves but very little deposit and does not tend to pro- duce so much soot. This is what is called the 28-degree test. Its cost to the growers is very much above that of crude oil, and, therefore, was not used this year. The distillate used this igure 3—Brush and Cordwood in the Brown Orchard, Medford, Oregon, Season of 1909 Crop of apples valued at $1,500 an acre was saved by two firings costing in all only $6.00 an acre year is known as “slop” distillate, and, although it was supposed to test 23 degrees, it has been found to test about 20 degrees, or perhaps a little more. This slop distillate proved to be very little, if any, better than the crude oil, since some of it contained water; and, besides, it tended to produce a great deal of soot. The amount of residuum left in the pots was in many cases nearly equal to that left by the crude oil. Both the crude oil and the slop distillate will eventually be replaced by a better fuel. We will either use a dis- tillate, such as the 28-dégree test, or the lighter paraffine oils of the East. The cost of crude oil laid down is about four and one-half cents per gallon, and that of the slop distillate six and one-quarter cents per gallon. The 28-degree test distillate, last year, cost the growers approximately nine cents a gallon. The greatest element of cost in obtaining these crude prod- ucts is the high freight charge. Crude oil at the wells in California is worth scarcely two cents a gallon, and the distillates, which are refinery products, do not cost more than twice that figure. By some of the fruit growers wood has been used for several years. This is particularly true of the Gore, Allen, Randell, Brown and Potter and Goold orchards, and several smaller orchards. That wood has been effective in pre- venting frost injury even when the temperature may run very low is proven by an examination of the orchards where wood was_ properly used. For instance, the Gore orchard, which was protected by burning old rails, showed few injured fruits even on the lowest branches. In connection with the wood, Mr. Gore used a small amount of crude oil, which he threw upon the wood fires ranged along the east side of the orchard so as to pro- duce a dense smudge just before sun- Page 24 BETTER FRUIT Figure 7—Sixty Fresno Pots to the Acre for Crude Oil, in the Burrell Pear Orchard Medford, Oregon The temperature was raised 10°, or from 26° to 36° F., on the night of April 13-14, 1910 A crop of pears valued at $1,000 an acre was saved, at a cost of $3.00 an acre rise. This same practice was carried out in the Brown orchard. In the Hol- lywood orchard, owned by A. C. Allen, wood was also used for its heating effect, and the dense smudge was pro- duced by adding quantities of stable manure to the wood fires. An exam- ination of the orchard shows that the method worked very well. In the Randell and Buckeye orchards the same scheme of using wood and manure was carried out, and excellent results were obtained. In some very small orchards sawdust and shavings, put into large paper sacks and _ sat- urated with crude oil, also proved to be quite effective. These fires burned from six to seven hours, giving off a considerable amount of heat and a very dense smudge. The methods of lighting the different fuels are not diflicult. With crude oil and distillate a small amount of gaso- line or kerosene, squirted from an oil can onto the surface of the oils, was easily ignited by a torch. In most cases the torches were home-made affairs, but were none the less service- able. A man could easily light the pots as fast he could walk. The cover on the pots was quickly thrown off, a few drops of kerosene or gasoline spilled on the surface of the oil and the torch quickly applied; this is the work of but a moment, and scarcely needed a stop on the part of the operator. In order to ignite the wood it is neces- sary to pile it in a particular way. This is shown by noting the piles of wood in the Gore orchard, as shown in the illustration. Fine material is not absolutely necessary if the wood is dry. A kerosene can and a torch are all that is needed. A small amount of kerosene spilled on the wood, which is piled “dove-tail” fashion, and the torch applied will easily start it. During the past season of frosts some difficulty was experienced in lighting the wood on account of the fact that during the week previous there had been a heavy precipitation amounting to about 1.27 inches. However, this exigency was overcome by using kindling and a little more kerosene and some crude oil. In using wood the particular thing to keep in mind is that it should be dry. Frost conditions are almost certain to follow a heavy rain, and this was par- ticularly true during this season. In the spring it is found that during the day, that is between sunrise and sunset, the wind blows mostly from November northerly quarters. These winds are not moisture laden as a rule, the rela- tive humidity often being as low as twenty-five per cent at a temperature of seventy degrees Fahrenheit. During the night when frosts are likely to occur the winds die down altogether, or change to a southerly quarter. The winds from the south are very dry, and the relative humidity is often much lower during the period in which the winds come from the south. If the winds continue to blow from the northwest or westerly quarters, frosts rarely occur, because these winds tend to raise the dewpoint, or, in other words, bring in air with a larger per- centage of water vapor present. While the water vapor content of the atmos- phere is high, damaging frosts cannot occur. It is-only when the dewpoint temperature approaches the freezing point or is below it that we may expect a serious freeze. As a rule it is only on the valley floor that serious injury may be caused by low temperatures during the blooming period or some time thereafter. Even on the valley floor where there may be some slight elevation no frosts occur, while serious injury may result only a few feet below. The hillsides surrounding the valley usually escape frosts altogether, and the average variation in tempera- ture in favor of the lands lying above the valley floor is from five to six degrees; therefore, even though a heavy frost may occur on the valley floor, the temperature may not go to freezing on the uplands. During the past season some records were made by observing temperatures on and near the ground, as well as on the roof of the Garnett-Corey Building, which is fifty feet above the street level. While temperatures ranged as low as twenty- three to twenty-five degrees on the ground and four feet above it, the TOTTI temperature on the roof was from thirty-two to thirty-five degrees. There is at times, therefore, a difference of twelve degrees or more between the temperature on the ground and at a height of fifty feet above when taken on the valley floor. Under usual con- ditions we are quite safe in saying that there may be little danger to the crops on the higher lands surrounding the main floor of the valley. During the week included between April 10 and 17 of this year quite an unusual condition prevailed. Owing to the heavy precipitation, followed by a rather cold wave, there was practi- eally no difference in the temperatures recorded on the valley floor and the surrounding higher ground. The mini- mum temperatures recorded on _ the mornings of April 11, 12 and 13 ranged between twenty-seven and one-half and thirty-one and one-half degrees throughout the district generally. In most cases these temperatures did not continue over a very long period of time and were not necessarily damag- ing. On the morning of the eleventh and twelfth very little firing was nec- essary, and even on the thirteenth there were only a few spots which required heating for a short time. The maximum daily temperatures for the ninth, tenth, eleventh and _ twelfth, respectively, were fifty-seven, fifty-six, forty-seven and forty-eight degrees; therefore, there was very little insola- tion. However, the temperatures on the thirteenth and fourteenth rose to fifty-seven and _ sixty-seven degrees, respectively. On the mornings of the fourteenth and fifteenth the lowest temperature recorded at the govern- ment shelter was twenty-five degrees. This temperature was not the lowest observed in the valley, since some of the lowest spots gave temperatures Figure 9—Pritchard Orchard, Grants Pass, Oregon. The oil runs by gravity from the large hauling tank wagons into the storage tank and is again taken from the other end by gravity for distributing in the orchard. BETTER FRUIT Figure 10—Fresno Pots in Winter Nelis Pear Orchard, Showing Manner of Placing so as Not to Interfere with Cultivation, Snowy Butte Orchard, Central Point, Oregon from three to five degrees lower. The nights preceding the mornings of the fourteenth and fifteenth were clear, hence radiation of all heat absorbed during the day was rapid. The hill- sides recorded temperatures fully eight to ten degrees higher, and the only firing necessary was on the valley floor. By referring to the thermograph record for the week beginning April 10 some very important facts may be learned. It will be particularly noted that the low temperatures, such as would produce injury to fruit crops, really continued for a very short time. The curves, instead of being broad and flat for the mornings of April 14 and Crude Oil Storage Tank No pumping is required 15, are very sharp, and the exact length of time over which any tem- perature prevailed can easily be made out by noting the time co-ordinates. On the morning of April 14 it will be noted that the curve is so sharp as to almost retrace itself for three or four degrees, showing that the lowest tem- perature could not have lasted more than fifteen minutes. Another fact which may be made out by studying the curves is the exact time when it became necessary to start the fires. Orchardists are instructed not to let the temperature in a pear orchard in full bloom or setting fruit go below twenty-nine degrees. Supposing the fires were lighted when the temper- ature reached thirty degrees, one can easily read the time from the chart when it became necessary to light the fires. One can also note the other end of the curve and read the time when it was no longer necessary to maintain the fires and smudges. Besides the frosts which occurred beginning with April 10, other light frosts, which did no material damage and for which it was scarcely neces- sary to fire, occurred on April 7, 17, 19 and 20. A very few spots had tem- peratures which ranged below twenty- nine degrees for so short a time that no damage could be done. On April 29 a temperature of twenty-seven and one-half degrees was recorded at Med- ford, but in. some places it ranged about one degree lower for a short time. Firing was general for three hours. The last frost of the season oc- curred on the morning of May 6, when the temperature registered 31 degrees at Medford. However, temperatures of 27 degrees were recorded generally in the low spots on the valley floor. In every case the low temperatures were accurately forecasted in sufficient time in advance to give the growers time to have everything in readiness. Besides the evening forecast, which gave not only the temperature which might be expected before morning, but also the time when it would become necessary Page 26 BETTER ER Figure 11—Smudging in the Hollywood Orchard, Medford, Oregon, Using Straw, Manure and Rubb to fire, tentative morning forecasts were also given. The system of local frost forecasting is one that has been worked out by the writer and has proven entirely reliable for the four years that it has been in use. Weather forecasting is in every sense a science. Some would have us believe that weather bureau men are endowed with what might be called a great deal of foresight, accompanied with the happy faculty of being able to frequently make shrewd guesses. This is not the case. A weather fore- caster takes into account every pos- sible factor which may govern weather conditions and by careful analysis, also taking into account hundreds of observations that have been made in the past, makes up what is called a forecast, which is his judgment based upon observations as to the sort of weather very likely to occur. Unfor- tunately, the forecaster does not always have at hand such data as may be most needed for this work. Often weather conditions at some distant station, such as barometric pressure, temperature, wind direction and velocity, are not obtainable; in fact several stations may fail to report, due to the breaking down of telegraphic or telephonic communication. The forecaster on the Pacific Slope is very much hampered because there are no stations west of him. Weather moves from west to east, and except for some observations which may be telegraphed from the Chinese coast, Japan, the Philippines, Hawail and the Aleutian Islands, all trace of storms or other weather con- ditions is lost, and can only be picked up when they reach the Pacific Coast. As soon as the Pacific Coast stations record weather conditions it is very easy for all districts east to make very accurate forecasts. For instance, the Florida orange growers may be noti- fied from five days to a week in advance of a dangerous freeze. The Pacific Coast may have some service in the future by getting the weather ish from the many steamers which now carry wireless, but since these ships move through the weather the data obtained from them is not of the greatest value. A forecaster desires to know not only the type of weather, that is to say, the weather factors, but he must also know the rate of change which these factors are undergoing. For the barometer, it is not so impor- tant for him to know at which point it stands at the time of the observa- tion, but the rate it is rising or falling. By this he may have some knowledge as to how the weather is moving. In making up local forecasts, such as frost forecasts, the factors taken into account are the maximum temperature and its duration, direction and velocity of the prevailing winds, the barometer and its fluctuations or trend, the tem- perature of the dewpoint, condition of the sky—whether clear, cloudy or (tes = nS =) The Orchard Owned by J. G. Gore, Medford, Oregon Crop has been saved four years in succession by the use of old rails for fuel purposes. November clearing—and the weather conditions, so far as obtainable, to the northwest and west of the key station from which the forecasts are to be sent. After get-— ting all this data the forecaster sends out such warnings as, in his judgment, — will be helpful to the community | served by the forecast. In a district — situated as is the Rogue River Valley | frost forecasting is perhaps less difli- cult than in an open plains country. The Rogue River Valley is surrounded on all sides by mountains ranging from 4,000 to 5,000 feet above sea level, and with many peaks much higher. It is, therefore, a valley rarely visited by high winds. During periods of frost it is usually calm, and in the several years during which careful observa- tions have been made the greatest movement of the air recorded during a spring frost has been from one to three miles per hour. This very fact makes it very easy to hold the heat and smoke in the orchards. Contrast this with the severe freezes which have occurred in other districts where wind velocities ranging from twenty to thirty-eight miles per hour were recorded when the thermometer stood at fifteen degrees or more below the freezing point. The fruit growers of the Rogue River Val- ley little realize the wonderful climatic assets they are so fortunate to have. It can be truly stated that the only reason for losing a crop by frost is carelessness or neglect. The work of planning the frost fight- ing campaign really begins the pre- vious fall. If crude oil or distillate is the fuel to be used the pots must be purchased so as to be on the ground not later than the last week of March, even though frosts do not usually oceur before the first week of April. The fuel oil is also ordered in tank cars of 6,000 to 10,000 gallons each, and upon delivery are emptied into large storage tanks on the ranches. These tanks are Sa Crop valued at $1,000 per acre has been saved each season TOIT usually of concrete, and are placed upon an elevation so that the work of unloading the delivery wagons, as well as the subsequent filling of the tank wagons for delivery to the pots in the orchard, is effected by gravity. Pump- ing crude oil is rather an impossible task, or a difficult one at best, especi- ally when it is cold. Distillate is easier to handle, but the gravity method of handling it is much quicker and saves a lot of work. The method of filling the pots is usually by means of a large hose attached to a gate valve on the delivery tank. Another method is to use large buckets with which to fill the pots. When this method is used the hose is dispensed with, and only a large gate valve or molasses gate is used. Six men working eight hours can easily fill 2,000 pots. The number of pots to be used per acre will vary within wide limits. Large spreading trees, with the fruit borne not lower than four feet from the ground, may easily be protected from the most serious freeze we have expe- rienced during the past four years by using sixty-five to seventy pots per acre. However, it is to be understood that the sides or outside rows should be reinforced by at least two rows of pots. This is especially true of the south and east sides of our orchards, since it is from these quarters that the slight air movement comes during the periods of low temperatures. How- ever, it is a good plan to reinforce all sides so as to meet any emergency. During the past season sixty-five pots burning slop distillate saved the Potter and Goold pear orchard when the tem- perature outside of the orchard regis- tered twenty degrees by a tested ther- mometer. The results in this orchard are so clear cut that there is no mis- a Pe ’ ee “ a BETTER FRUIT Night Scene in Large Pear Orchard, Rogue River Valley, Oregon, During the Danger Period taking the effectiveness of systematic orchard heating. A few pear trees of the same variety standing about ten rods outside of the heated area lost their entire crop. As stated before, the number of pots to be used will depend upon the geo- graphical position of the orchard, its elevation, and the size and height of the crop bearing portion of the trees. In a young orchard of perhaps four to eight years of age it will take two or three times as many pots as in an old orchard with spreading limbs almost touching each other and effectively trapping the heat. A perfect knowl- edge of the frost possibilities of any particular tract will guide one as to the amount of protection necessary. It would be safe to say that from one hundred and fifty to two hundred pots East and South Sides of Burrell Pear Orchard, Medford, Oregon, Showing Double Rows of Pots This is for protection of sides from which prevailing winds come. This orchard actually set more fruit than it could carry, and very few pears were frost marked. The block contains Bartlett, Anjou, Howell, Clairgeau and Winter Nelis. Thousands of props were used to hold up the immense crop. ,the comand morning the smudge is bene- will be needed in very young orchards situated in what are known as “cold spots.” Every orchardist knows, or should know, where these spots are. When wood is the fuel to be used it should be secured early, and must be dry. Most of the firing done by wood has been with old rails which were well seasoned and burned without difficulty. Cordwood has also been used to a somewhat less extent, but nevertheless with entire satisfaction. Wood is very clumsy and much in the way, and there is no doubt that its use will be abandoned in the near future. Some growers, however, are of the opinion that wood is the best fuel, and it is quite probable that for small tracts its use will be continued. There is really no difficulty in handling it if properly placed, but for large tracts I would rather think its use to be quite out of the question. The element of time consumed in placing it as well as the space it takes up in the orchard, thus interfering with cultivation, argues against its use. The number of wood fires necessary for large trees may be all the way from twenty-five to fifty. The fires should not be large, since large fires tend to produce convective air currents and may be more harmful to the orchard as a whole than the same number of small fires. This sea- son one attempt at using wood in a young orchard did not prove very suc- cessful because the fires were not numerous enough. In most orchards it was found that the temperature could be raised six to ten degrees. Manure, sawdust and rubbish are used mainly to create a smudge, and are of practically no value in raising the tem- perature. In using wood these mate- rials are often quite an additional help in holding the heat generated by the burning wood. It often happens that the temperature cannot be kept above danger point; if this happens ficial in protecting the frozen blossoms and fruit from the morning sun, which would tend to thaw them too rapidly. It is not the freezing of the fruit that BETTER FRUIT Coal Heaters Used in the Phipps Orchard, Season of 1910 causes the injury; it is the thawing. Blossoms may be frozen solid for sev- eral hours and not be injured if thawed out very slowly. Freezing eauses the water to be abstracted from the cell protoplasm. The protoplasm has taken this water up from the soil very slowly. If the water which has been abstracted from it can be returned very slowly the cell will recover its former activities. No matter what fuel is to be used a plentiful supply should be distributed in the orchards. Even if fifty pots will do the work it is better to have one hundred or more for each acre even in an orchard of old trees. The same may be said of wood. It is only necessary to light as many fires as will keep the temperature above the danger point. It is as great a mistake to light too many fires as it is to light too few, for the reason that burning unnecessary fuel may cause a shortage at a time when lack of fuel would mean a total loss. Once the temper- ature goes very much below the danger point it is hard to raise it, and if this happens very near sunrise a smudge dense enough to protect the frozen blossoms may be hard to secure or to keep hanging over the orchards. It is best to take no chances. Good thermometers should not be overlooked, and no fewer than two or three per acre should be used for the best results. These instruments should not be the very cheap kind, although it is not advised that they should be very expensive. All thermometers should be tested and the correction for the different points on the scale care- fully marked so as to be easily read. A thermometer with its correction is just as good as one that reads abso- lutely true. As a matter of fact, the very best thermometers are not accu- rate, and must have corrections made for different parts of the scale. For the orchardist, it is usually sufficient to know within at least half a degree of the correct temperature reading, since he is quite certain to keep on the safe side at all times. Besides the ther- mometers in the field, the frost alarm thermometer, which is designed to awaken one when a certain temper- ature has been reached, may be more or less advisable. Of course, all a frost alarm thermometer can do is to indi- cate that a certain temperature has been reached. It is usually made to ring at, say, thirty-three or thirty-two degrees, and does not necessarily indi- cate that dangerous temperatures will follow. During the past the local forecasting station has indicated very nearly the hour when it would be nec- essary to fire as well as forecasting the possible temperature, so that with this in mind those who had no frost pas peook os Foothill Orchard Owned by George B. Carpenter, Medford, Oregon This is a young orchard of Bartlett, Anjou, Howell and Winter Nelis pears. November alarm thermometers got along very well with a good alarm clock. It would be a serious mistake to begin lighting up without knowing whether or not the temperature would go below the danger point; this is where the local forecaster’s work is of greatest value. During the periods of dangerous— frosts the local station kept constant watch of weather conditions day and night. Even after the forecasts were given out, the writer, who is in charge of the local United States Weather Bureau Station, called up the growers throughout the entire district, advising them of any change as well as instruct- ing them in the matter of firing. This was most necessary because it was known that the amount of fuel on hand was not large enough to warrant any waste by starting the fires prematurely. During the week beginning with April 10 the local weather bureau office did not close its door for a single hour day or night, but kept in constant touch with every interested orchardist. As a matter of fact, when it was known that a frost would occur the office remained open all night, and this dur- ing the entire frost season. However, the local office would have been power- less had it not been for the efficiency of the operators and the officials of the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Com- pany, who gave us excellent service. The growers cannot be too thankful to the young ladies who manipulated the switchboard through the long nights of anxiety. Mr. Buchter, the local man- ager of the company, also deserves the praise due him for his part in main- taining such valuable service. During the entire season not a single error was made, and this is remarkable con- sidering the number of calls answered. It must not be understood that the local United States Weather Bureau office should have all the credit for this work. The writer feels very much indebted for the able assistance given this oflice by District Forecaster E. A. Beals, of the Portland Weather Bureau Station. It has been entirely through The protection from frost injury was so perfect that more than eighty per cent of the crop packed extra fancy. Considering the age of the trees and Mr. Carpenter’s first attempt at orchard heating, the result is worthy of special mention. HOU Mr. Beals’ efforts that the local office is now equipped with an almost com- plete set of meteorological instruments, and also receives the promptest atten- tion from the district station, especially during danger periods. The district forecasts were remarkably accurate considering the wide separation of the two stations. In all that has been published no figures have been given to show what a certain quantity of fuel will do under actual conditions. Of course, this can- not be accurately stated, but we can -give what we might expect under set or ideal conditions. We will take as an instance the protection of a pear orchard with the trees set twenty-five feet apart on the square. With the trees in good bearing the maximum height at which fruit is borne is not more than fifteen feet, and is usually much below this. We will consider each pear tree as growing in a cubical space which, under normal atmos- pheric pressure at our elevation above sea level (1,400 feet) and at a tem- perature of thirty-two degrees Fahren- heit, contains, in round numbers, 600 pounds of air. If this space contained 600 pounds of water it would require 600 British Thermal heat units to raise the temperature through one degree Fahrenheit, but since the space is filled with air under the above conditions it will take only one-fourth as many heat units to raise the temperature one degree within such space. If one oil pot is provided for such a space, that is, one pot per tree, we will have seventy pots per acre. Each pot will have to take care of 600 pounds of air. Most of the crude oils used as fuels for orchard heating in this district aver- age nearly eight pounds per gallon, and it has been found by laboratory test that a pound (one pint) has a calorific, or heat value, of about 18,000 British Thermal units. Some oils test higher, some lower. In burning tests in the field under actual frost conditions it has been found that for the lard pail type of pot, such as the Bolton, with or without perforations in the upper BETTER FRUIT Monday fuesday Wedmesday $48 SUA FER LaT E ee r) z We (4 w = let o} Wj xi J es « uw a zi =) b > a ° F Official Thermograph Record, United States Weather Bureau, Medford, Oregon April 10 to 17 inclusive Note the short space of time during which low temperatures prevailed rim, two pounds of oil are consumed per hour. Naturally the oil consump- tion is greater when the pots are first lighted, and this is also true where there is considerable air movement. Of course, combustion is not perfect, hence the total calorific power of the oil is not utilized. However, since we are dealing only in round numbers we will suppose that combustion is fairly complete. Then two pounds of oil will give off 36,000 heat units per hour, or 600 per minute. Now, since the cubical space occupied by one pear tree con- tains about 600 pounds of air at our average pressure and at a temperature of thirty-two degrees, it means that each minute 600 heat units are expended on 600 pounds of air, or sufficient to raise the temperature of this mass of air through four degrees Fahrenheit. We have not taken into account the small amount of water vapor present under frost conditions, as this would not appreciably affect the calculation. It is supposed, of course, that the air is not in motion, and that there is no radiation of heat beyond the imaginary cubical space occupied by the tree. In actual practice we know that radiation does take place, and that there is usually some air movement. Of course, this is offset to a very great extent in old orchards by the trapping of the heat and the brak- ing effect on wind currents, due to the extended branches, but in young orchards, covering but a small ground area, air movement and radiation are Crude Oil Tank in Palmer Investment Company’s Orchard, Medford, Oregon Built of. reinforced concrete of a 1-2-4 mixture and designed to hold 45,000 gallons. from injury by the oil by a special inside coat furnished by the Trus-Con Company. filled by gravity and oil delivered from it by gravity through 1,780 feet of 4-inch pipe. yards of concrete used in construction, outside measurements being 28x37 feet. Protected Tank is Eighty Two-gallon pots will be used for frost prevention, in an orchard of one hundred acres of pears and apples. practically the same as in the open. There is one thing to be said, however, under our conditions. Upward radia- tion of heat is not so great as one would suppose. During the past four years a large number of observations have shown that the temperature of the atmosphere during a freeze rarely reaches the danger point at a height of fifteen to twenty feet above the level of the valley floor. Since this is true, there would be no tendency for heat to be radiated from below into this upper stratum of warmer air—in fact the heat movement would rather be the reverse, that is, downward. As previously explained in another part of this article, frosts which occur in this valley are due to depression rather than elevation. It is the cold airicom- ing from very high elevations in the surrounding mountains that flows downward into the valley floor, tend- ing to push the warmer air upward. For a while radiation from the ‘ground, which has taken in heat during the hours of sunshine, tends to warm this cold air. But to return. We have shown that with no wind and with one oil pot for every pear tree the tem- perature may be raised four degrees per minute within the calculated space. But if the air moved only one hundred feet per minute, or a little more than one mile per hour, the temperature could never rise more than four degrees above the temperature of the incoming cold air. At about four miles per hour it could rise but one degree. This would be true only in the outside tree rows, on the side from which the air movement came. For all the rows beyond the first, or outside row, the heat units generated in the first row would be added to the heat generated inside. This interesting calculation shows that an orchard in the form of a solid square would not be so diffi- cult to save from frost injury as one of the same area of only a few rows. During the past four seasons this has been demonstrated in several of our orchards. In the Potter and Goold orchard the main body of pears has easily been saved when temperatures ran as low as twenty degrees outside, while two rows of pear trees extend- ing beyond the main body of the pear orchard but surrounded by apple trees fully larger lost most of their crop, although protected by a greater num- ber of fires. It might be said, of course, that no fires were built among the apple trees. We read of orchards Page 30 BETTER FRUIT Picking Time in Potter & Goold Anjou Pear Orchard, Medford, Oregon This orchard saved by combination of wood and crude oil with pots. Orchards adjoining on all sides lost practically entire crop on account of failure to fire or to properly carry out the work. Many of the trees in this block actually bore too many pears. that have been saved when the wind blew twenty miles per hour and the thermometer stood at eighteen to twenty degrees, but there is no doubt that this comes from those who have patent heating devices to sell and have made no careful tests with accurate instruments. If under ideal conditions a wind velocity of about four miles per hour would permit of a rise of only one degree on the windward side, what would happen in a gale of twenty miles per hour with the temperature at eighteen to twenty degrees. Some beautifully colored literature is put out by certain concerns showing how a certain device will make a gallon of oil burn twice as long as we have found it in actual practice and yet give off more heat. No orchard heating device on the market effects perfect combustion of crude oil or distillate, therefore the theoretical figures given above are hardly approached in prac- tice. In some tests carried out in this district the beneficial results of certain devices did not show up when it came time to harvest the fruit. The time to tell whether orchard heating has been successful or not is when the fruit is picked and brought to the packing house. Just to make fruit stick upon the trees is not protection. A mis- shapen or frost marked fruit is not commercial either for fancy box trade or for the cannery. Canneries do not want badly frost marked pears, as the waste is too great. In the above cal- culation we have considered only crude oil, but practically the same fig- ures will apply to all the heavier dis- tillates. It might be well to mention something in regard to other fuels we have used in this district. A pound of dry pine wood, under perfect com- bustion, will generate about 6,000 heat units. A pound of oak contains prac- tically the same number of heat units. Coal, under the same conditions, has approximately 12,000 heat units. The average weight of a cord of pine is about 2,000 pounds, and that of oak is about 4,000 pounds. These figures are, of course, only approximate, but they will serve as a basis for calcula- tion in case anyone should desire to use wood or coal for orchard heating purposes. The use of wood and coal has been discussed in previous articles, also in United States farmer’s bulletin No. 401, which may be obtained by addressing a letter to the United States Department of Agriculture, Washing- ton, D. C. Wherever it is found necessary to protect orchards from frost injury each fruit grower should provide him- self early in advance of the season for firing not only with fuel, pots or other heating apparatus, but also with a suf- ficient number of thermometers. It is also advised that each fruit grower should have a good maximum-mini- mum thermometer. A dewpoint appa- ratus or psychrometer for determin- ing the dewpoint temperature, accom- panied with tables, would also be a valuable part of the equipment. The dewpoint apparatus is simply two fairly good thermometers fixed together, with one of the bulbs covy- ered with linen. A string tied into the rings of sufficient length to whirl the instrument completes it. In using the instrument, wet the covered bulb and whirl rapidly so that evaporation will take place from the wet surface. When the mercury in the wet bulb thermometer cannot be lowered any further it should be read simultane- ously with the dry bulb thermometer. The readings are referred to tables November (See U. S. Farmers’ Bulletin No. 401) which give the dewpoint tempera- ture. The dewpoint temperature, when found in the early evening, is usually in close agreement with the minimum temperature the following morning, providing the sky remains clear and there is no wind. This is true during only a part of the year. The follow- ing data taken from the records made by the Medford United States Weather Bureau Station for the years 1909, 1910 and 1911 will show that the above statement holds good. It will be noted that the dewpoint temperatures observed, both when frosts occurred and when they did not, agree fairly well with the minimum temperature: Temp. Dew- during Year Date Time point night 1909 April 19..... 6:45 p.m. 292 2A 1910 —fAtpril 3h Aa 6:30 p.m. 272 2/2 Igl@ —Ayortl sass. 6:30 p.m. 44° 44° 1910) Aprile 6:30 p.m. 41° 40° ADO MEAD EUS Loire 6:30 p.m. 29° 26° 1910 April 25..... 6:30 p.m. 42° 44° UGNO WERZS Ro b65c6 6:30 p.m. 40° 420° ASA April 4 ee 6:30 p.m. 23° 22° 1910) April 25) 7.72. 6:30 p.m. 41° 431° 1911 April 28..... 6:30 p.m. ae 271° These figures are taken at random from the records and represent pretty fairly all the data which have been recorded during the above years throughout the frost season. The minimum temperatures are for such nights as remained clear and with very slight air movement, which was from the south. An aneroid barometer is also a valuable instrument. By carefully noting the movement of this instrument one may readily learn to predict with more or less certainty the kind of weather to be expected. With the pressure high the chances are that frost may be expected and the reverse when the pressure is low. In making readings with all meteorological instru- ments there should be a set time for observations. Random readings, taken at odd times, are of very little value. A careful record will surely repay the observer many times for his trouble. It would be a very fine practice for each grower to be able to tell what were his maximum and minimum temperatures, barometer, wind direction and estimate of velocity, dewpoint temperatures and rainfall for each day in the year. This data would not only be valuable to himself, but to the district as a whole. Lastly, whenever it is possible get the weather from the nearest United States Weather Bureau Station. The local observer is usually better equipped to tell what weather condi- tions are likely to be expected and what emergencies are to be provided for than anyone else. He is also able to tell what temperatures are injurious to the several kinds of fruits through the season. Injurious temperatures are not the same for all varieties, nor are they the same for any one variety during different stages of its growth. Tables have been published by this office giving all this data, and it is hoped that every orchardist has filed a copy in some convenient place. IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 31 The Forecasting of Frost in the North Pacific Coast States By Edward A. Beals, District Forecaster, Stationed at Portland the ground being cooled by radia- tion which occasions the adjacent air also to cool by radiation and con- duction. When the process is carried far enough the moisture that is in the air begins to collect on vegetation, and when the temperature is at the freezing point or below the deposit is in the form of ice crystals known as frost. Points and minute particles cool the Pree is caused by the surface of most rapidly because in comparison. with their volume they present the largest surfaces for radiation and thus lose their heat more quickly than large objects with relatively small radiating surfaces. Frost can form on bare ground or other objects the same as on vegetation if the cooling process is carried far enough, but it is on points and small particles that it first appears. The weather conditions most favor- able for the formation of frost are clear and still nights with a high and rising barometer. If a small amount of rain has fallen during the day, or if the soil is moderately damp from _ previous rains, the likelihood of a frost occur- ring is intensified, but if the ground is very wet the danger of frost is less- ened. A small amount of moisture cools the surface of the earth by evaporation, but a large amount so increases the humidity that radiation is sreatly retarded and the cooling is checked more than enough to offset the increase through evaporation. In order that frost may form the air must first be cooled down to the dewpoint, which nearly always happens in moderately moist climates, but in very dry locali- ties the temperature falls low enough to be damaging without any frost form- ing, simply because the air is not cooled down to the dewpoint. Such occur- rences are called dry freezes, and they are just as injurious as hoar frost, which is the technical name of the com- mon white frost. General freezes some- times occur when the part played by radiation is small and the cooling is done by a slow settling of the colder air aloft, which is then mixed with that below by a moderate breeze, and the whole mass attains a temperature below freezing. Fortunately such con- ditions are rare, but when they do occur the damage is as great on the side hills as on the valley floors, and it is practically impossible to raise the temperature by fires on account of the wind, which carries the air away before it has become heated to any appreciable extent. Damage by freezes of this character are seldom as severe as expected, as the weather is usually cloudy, or partly cloudy, in the morn- ing and the thawing process is a slow one. It is generally conceded that plants will stand a severe freeze, in fact can be encrusted in ice and escape all injury if they are thawed out very slowly; therefore smudges, to be effective, should be started just before daybreak and kept going for several hours to prevent the sun from warm- ing up the plants too quickly. We hear a great deal nowadays about the part the dewpoint plays in frost predictions and a brief explana- tion of the physical problems underly- ing this question will probably make the subject better understood by those who have not given the matter careful study. The dewpoint is the tempera- ture of saturation. There is always Figure 2—‘‘Key” Station A, Looking Northwest Clarkston, Washington vapor of water in the air, and it is just as invisible as the air itself. When the temperature falls to the dewpoint some of this vapor is condensed into water or ice spicules. The former may be dew and the latter frost. In the process of condensation the potential energy acquired during the process of vapori- zation becomes kinetic energy, and we say latent heat is liberated. It is assumed that the temperature of sat- uration, or, in other words, the dew- point will not change to any material 7) 300 24.4 30 30.1 30:0 extent during the night, and if the dew- point is above freezing in the evening there will be sufficient latent heat lib- erated when the thermometer reaches that point to prevent it from sinking any lower, and consequently there will be no frost the next morning. If, how- ever, the temperature of saturation is below freezing there is nothing to pre- vent the temperature from falling below that point and a frost is to be expected. If this theory fitted the facts it would be very easy to pre- dict frost, but unfortunately there are nights when the dewpoint is above thirty-two degrees that are followed by frost and nights when it is below that are not followed by frost. In the course of investigations by the writer he has come to the conclusion that in a very dry locality like that of the Yakima Valley a knowledge of the dewpoint the evening before is of very little value in determining whether or not to expect frost the next morning, but in the Rogue River Valley, and per- haps in the Boise district, it is helpful to the local man, but of no great benefit to the district forecaster. The informa- tion would be as helpful to the district man as to the local man if it were not for the lateness of the hour when the dewpoint observations must be taken to be of value. The local man can use the information if not available until nine o'clock at night, or even a little later, but this hour would be too late for the district man to collect observations and disseminate warnings. The dis- trict forecaster relies on his charts, which contain weather information U.S. Department of Agriculture. WEATHER BUREAU 30! Figure 1—Composite Chart from Seven Observations (P. M.) Taken March 25, April 6, 10, 11, 12, 13, and May 5, 1911 Explanatory Notes: Observations taken at 5 p. m., 120th meridian time. The lines, or isobars, pass through points of equal air pressure (reduced to sea level). Mean of minimum tempera- tures occurring next morning: Blaine, Washington, 34; Seattle, Washington, 36; Spokane, Wash- ington, 30; Lewiston, Idaho, 32; Walla Walla, Washington, 35; North Yakima, Washington, 27; Moxee, Washington, 22; Baker, Oregon, 24; Boise, Idaho, 29; Pocatello, Idaho, 27; Portland, Oregon, 36; Grants Pass, Oregon, 28; Medford, Oregon, 29; Hood River, 31; Roseburg, Oregon, 32. Page 32 over a wide extent of territory, and from them he notes where it is getting colder or warmer, and where rain is falling and where fair weather pre- vails. These changes are usually first felt in the West and they drift east- ward. It is his business to judge the areas where similar changes will occur as far ahead as possible. Frosts and freezing temperatures usually accompany areas where the barometer readings are above normal, and Figure 1 is presented to show a composite chart typical of frost condi- tions in the North Pacific States. There are many modifications of this type having a particular bearing on individual localities, but their explana- tion cannot be given in a short article of this nature, for to do so would require an explanation of the dynamic forces underlying their behavior, and our story would become too long and technical to be readable, except to those who have made a special study of meteorology. The weather bureau has for many years issued frost warn- ings in every state, but it is only in recent years that the work has been specialized to meet local wants. Form- erly frost warnings merely mentioned the fact that the conditions were favor- able for a light or heavy frost, as the case might be, and that is still the rule in those places where no heating is done. Forecasts of this character, however, will not answer for the up-to- date orchardist who has gone to the expense of heaters and fuel and is pre- pared to lay out several hundred dol- lars a night for supplies and labor to BETTER FRUIT insure his crop against frost. He wants to know just how cold it will get and when he should start his fires, so as to judge as to the probable length of time he will have to keep them burning. This information the weather bureau is prepared to furnish in part, and the part it does not furnish can be obtained by the individual without much expense of labor and time. In the plain and prairie states of the West and Middle West frosts occur over large areas in about equal degrees of intensity, but in the rugged country with which we have to deal the condi- tions are far different and the prob- lem of judging the degree of cold is more complex. Our valleys where fruit is raised are at different heights above the sea; they run in different directions and their floors have differ- ent physical contours, which makes the occurrence of frost a local ques- tion instead of a general one for the entire district. In order, therefore, to insure the utmost accuracy in frost predictions it is necessary for the weather bureau to have a trained man on the ground to look after the inter- ests of each particular section. It is the duty of the local man to amplify the district forecasts to meet local wants and to advise generally with the horti- culturists as to the way they can co-op- erate to get the best results for their individual needs. A well equipped weather station should be located in the fruit district (see Figure 2) and be under the direct supervision of a weather bureau agent in charge of the local work. Sometimes if the district November is large two or more of these stations are needed in one valley. They are called “key” stations, and the tempera- tures that occur at these stations are the temperatures covered in the predic- tions of frost disseminated in that particular locality. The individual orchardist should ascertain the aver- age variations between the tempera- tures at the nearest “key” station and those that prevail in his orchard. With this knowledge he can judge when, for example, a temperature of twenty- eight degrees is forecasted just about how cold it will get at his place, and he will know whether to start his fires or not. As to the time of starting fires the local man will advise so far as he can, but it is not always possible to say just when they should be started, and each individual will have to rely to a greater or less extent upon his own judgment on this point. The frost warning service of the weather bureau has been well organized for two years in the Rogue River Valley, where under the management of Professor O’Gara it has attained a high degree of efficiency. Last year the service was localized in the Yakima Valley under the management of a trained assistant from the Portland weather office, and at Boise and Lewiston under the man- agement of the local observers perma- nently detailed in those cities. Next year it is expected that the service will be somewhat extended, depending upon the wants of the different communities and the amount of money available for the work. Successful Orchard Heating Methods By J. R. Wentworth, Secretary National Orchard Heater Company position of the first rank today in fruit belts where the industry is conducted under intensive methods and for large profits as the only prac- tical means of combating frost, and thus insure a full crop year by year. The day of taking a chance with the weather elements and risking a large financial return with the ravages of frost is a time of the past, as all up-to- date fruit growers are wide awake to the necessity of bringing their orchards into a state of the greatest productive- ness. Much has been done in the development of orchard heating, but little has been written of value to the fruit grower as to the proper means of carrying on this important work of the fruit industry. The success of orchard heating operations is obtain- able at only a small item of expense as compared with the returns from abun- dant crops when the heating is con- ducted with practical equipment and upon intelligent methods. It is right here in this article that the writer wishes to point out the necessity and the important features of orchard heat- ing practice, as its handling means much in the volume and value of the fruit produced in this country. ()prsiton: HEATING occupies a The crop of 1911 abundantly testifies to the part orchard heating has played in the past season’s product. From an analysis of crop reports coming to me from fruit growers using our heaters I Picking Pears on Lu Morse Place, “Fruitridge”’ Grand Junction, Colorado This orchard was protected by coal heaters am proud to say that the orchard heater has this year put thousands of dollars into the pockets of orchardists which would otherwise have been swept away last spring by frost. Many growers have made mention of the fact that their crops were saved, while their neighbors, who did not use the orchard heater, suffered almost entire loss of their crop. The orchard heater, during the past year, has enjoyed eminent success, and with greater knowledge of its value in fruit raising the next few years will see its advent widespread through every fruit raising belt of the world. We don’t wish to be under- stood that everyone using heaters the past year saved all their fruit, but where failures occurred there was a reason; some did not have enough heaters, others ran out of fuel and a few did the work in an indifferent and negligent manner; but where enough heaters were used, with plenty of fuel and handled intelligently, full crops were saved. Orchard heating is an unquestioned success when conducted under proper methods and equipment, but unless it is operated on these lines it is a poor investment to the fruit grower, so the following paragraphs will be devoted to this subject: IQII Bene re Rar Courtesy of National Orchard Heater, Grand Junction, Colorado Orchard Protected by National Orchard Oil Heaters It is of prime importance to be equipped with the necessary apparatus for conducting the work in a practical and profitable manner. In the first place plenty of heaters should be pro- vided. It is advisable to use at least eighty heaters per acre for orchards and a greater number for small fruits and vegetables—say one hundred per acre. In conjunction with the heaters a storage place for fuel (either cistern or tanks) should be provided to hold the oil, with tank wagons of 300 to 400 gallons capacity to be used in filling the heaters from the storage, and tested thermometers are essentially necessary. In equipping an orchard the heaters should be put in place at least several days in advance of the time when frost is expected. The thermometers should be placed in the area to be heated at convenient points for the purpose of noting the temperature. It is proper to use at least two thermometers, placed about two hundred yards dis- tant from the heaters, so that they will not be affected when the heaters are lighted, and other thermometers should be distributed in the heated area to note the rise or faJ] in temperature. It is of great importance that these thermometers should be hung a _ uni- form height—about four feet from the ground is considered about right. During the heating period all ther- mometers should be inspected at least every thirty minutes and readings taken. Plenty of help should be on hand to watch the temperature during the operations, and if necessary to refill heaters. With thermometers installed the next step is to arrange the heaters. From knowledge obtained by long experience and observation, this is the most important feature con- nected with the work. 50" 49° 48) 47 46) 45 Moose 53) 525 550) 50) 49) 4847 56 54, 53 53 5 52) 5 50) 49) 48 So On by ol 6p a Gil a 2 58. . a0? SH Be ot oe} Se lB) Meo ww wi 9 GH) oO bs Be sil 60 a byt mi BO BH. eo 53 Be 61.. 5) 6) 83 By BO BH wb 58 62 OQ) () @) S of SO SH BH 63. . Gl Gl @) a) 83 Sy BG BS 64.. Of Gl CO G S83 S57 a7 65 63! 63° 62) 61) 60) 59) 15958 Bo oss 64 64 63 62 61 60 60 59 OHoac 65 65 64 63 62 62 61 £460 3560 67 66 65 64 63° 63° 62° 61 Os ooc CSIG7 6 Ole Obi O-UO4 OSE Oe dewpoint chart. Each fruit grower will find it of value to keep a psy- chrometer, and by spending a few moments each day in making a read- ing of this will be enabled to keep closer in touch with the changes of temperature. The means of obtaining the dewpoint is by a simple instrument consisting of two thermometers fast- ened to a rigid back and arranged so that they may be whirled rapidly. One of the thermometers is placed with the bulb extending below the rigid back. This lower bulb, which will hereafter be known as the wet bulb, should be covered with a good grade of muslin which has been previously washed to get out all particles of sizing. The importance of this muslin covering is to keep the bulb of one thermometer moist, so that motion through the air will cause evaporation to take place, and lower the. tempera- ture in that thermometer to the point at which, by comparison with a chart, the dewpoint may be found. To make an observation with the psychrometer _we first saturate the cloth about the wet bulb, then whirl it rapidly for a few moments and pause long enough to make a reading. We again whirl for fifteen or twenty seconds, pause and make a second reading. If the tem- perature of the wet bulb thermometer is still falling continue whirling until two or more successive readings show a constant temperature. Then noting the temperature of the other thermome- ter take the difference between the two and by the aid of the chart find your dewpoint. The whirling and stopping of the psychrometer should be done carefully and easily. It should be whirled at the rate of about fifteen feet per second. The observation should be made in the shade of a building or trees, and in all cases must be made where there is a free circulation of air. The psychrometer reading should be taken each day at about the same time to insure uniform results, and the best time to take this will probably be about 6 o’clock in the evening. A complete table for determining the dewpoint at the different pressures or different heights of the barometer, BETTER FRUIT > bd © GH 7 TH GF GHD 9 Od 243 PX) PPB) HL A ISIS al) 24) Pf Pk PEL BS PHL I) al) ot) 2h) rl PAPE SLI) ail sul Si) 2h} aL) I) G gyi Sil otl)= 124} Pi) IL BAAS} SA 2 le One See eS > me O) on) 8b) oA oil 2) BRS BS Hl 36 35 «6330632 S129 28 26 25 28 oy ai) 6h) ops SHi Bul 2) Bh} BY) 2 38 37 36 34 33 32 30 29 28 26 4091389937) 936) 345033) 93253020 41 40 38 37 36 34 33 32 30 29 ADA dhl A) BSB BBL BBR BBY) AS ee ee et OE 3S ee OM ae OE) A oe ee 2S S/n OS a 45 44 43 42 41 40 38 37 36 34 47 46 44 43 42 41 40 39 37 # 36 480 47 46) A455 435 4 A 0 eT, 49 48 47 46 45 44 42 41 40 39 30 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 41 40 ot 6500649: «©648~« (470 4G 4544 4B 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 A3 593 53 52 S51 50 48 47 46 45 44 oy Of G3 G4 ml A) 249 23 ay 4B 96 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 57 5566 5D) 54. 53) C4552 bl 50) 49 48 58 97 56 55 54 53 52 51° 50) 49 Oe) 3 By FD Gey BY be} GB) ai) GQ) 3) 3 Of Sf 6B 35 Ss! 53 Se Gl GQ) BD) a) S83 By 5 BS Bh Se and also an explanation of the method of obtaining the dewpoint may be had by sending to the United States Depart- ment of Agriculture for their Weather Bureau Bulletin No. 235. This may be had for the price of ten cents per copy. However, for those who do not wish the entire table there is appended a table of pressures from .5 of a degree difference up to 15 degrees difference in the reading of the dry and wet bulb thermometers at tem- peratures ranging from 40 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit. The table printed here- with is given to determine the dew- point when the barometer stands at 30 ins. Where any form of crude oil is used for orchard heating some form of stor- age tank will be necessary. There are several types of these tanks in use in the valley at the present time—cement, galvanized iron and wood. Of these, for the lighter oils, such as_ the 28-degree distillate or “slop” distillate, wooden tanks are of no value, as it is very difficult to make them so that they will hold the oil. Perhaps one of the most popular tanks, and one which is most satisfactory for all purposes and for all grades of oil, is the cement tank. One of the best types of the cement tank in the valley is to be found in the Foothills Orchard of Mr. George Car- penter. This is placed on a side hill, so that it is possible to fill it by gravity, and it has a pipe from the lower side from which the oil is taken by gravity into the wagon to distribute in the orchard. This system is by far the easiest and simplest method of han- dling the crude oils, for as a rule the fuel oil which is used is too heavy to work well through a pump; in fact some of it will not work at all. With such an arrangement, too, the water can be drained off very easily, in that way lessening the amount of boiling over in the orchard. Mr. Carpenter’s tank has walls eight inches thick, is roofed over with shingles to protect it from the rain and has a capacity of 8,000 gallons. Another tank which is similar to this is at the Fiero orchard, near Central Point. The tank is cemented over, leaving only a small November DIFFERENCE IN READING OF WET AND DRY BULB THERMOMETERS 1015 dil dS, 18) ea Asis!) eset wR 4 826) 14" 96 3. 2 6: 89-29" “Ss 2169 =30) = eee 9 "6. +29 5-3" “29 218 365 eee 19) 95) ea Sa a, Son 13 11 °8 4 ~ 0° —5 412 26pm 15+ 4138°. 40-7 4 2426 =e 17 15. 43 10 27 -23) 22) =e tomes0 19 47 15 12 9) 6 22) 2setome ti o4 19 17 14 12) “oy 5 Seer 23 31 19 16 14 41 93) eseeomesy 24 £9) 91 18 * 16)" 13) ees 96. 24 22 20 18 16) 3ielOmeMee 27 26 24 22 20 18 16 13 10 7 29 27 26 24 22 20 18 15 43 10 30 29 27 25 24 22 20 18 15 12 32°30 29 -27 25 24) 220 mnames 33. 32 30 29 27 | 25) DAO mIOMmEI 34 33 32 30) 29. 27 = 2heocmmotuto 36 35 33 32 30 29 27 25 23 21 37 36 35 . 33 32) 30) 29NmommOommos 39. 38 .36 35 33, 32.) 30mNOoRme TEED 40 39 38 36 35 33 32 30 29 27 42 40 39 38 36 35 33 32 30 29 43 42 41 39 38 36 35 34 32 30 44 48 42 41 39° (38)= Simuescmdameo> 46 45 43 42 41 40 38 37 35 34 47 46 45 44 42 41 40 38 37 35 48 47 46 45 44 43 41 40 38 37 50 49 48 46 45 44 43 42 40 39 51 50 49 48 46 45 44 43 42 40 manhole through which the oil is run. The outlet to this tank is about one hundred feet away, and at that dis- tance the outlet pipe is about seven feet above ground. Both of these tanks are located in the orchards. Another type of cement tank was found in the Burrell orchard, where the tank was placed below the level of the ground, but this arrangement increases the cost of handling the oil, as it necessitates either pumping or dipping from the tank into the wagons before distribut- ing in the orchard. This type of tank also has the disadvantage of having no outlet at the bottom, so that whatever water may get into the tank must stay there unless the tank is cleaned each year. As there is more or less water in all of the heavier crude oils this will mean that in time a large quantity of water will collect in the bottom of the tank, and where dipping is prac- ticed a great deal of trouble will be experienced with pots boiling over, as it will be impossible to dip the oil off without getting some of the water. Where it is impossible to have a gravity system or where the tank is to be placed above the surface of the ground high enough so that there will be a slight drop from the tank into the wagon it will probably be neces- sary to-use galvanized tanks. Mr. G. E. Marshall has such a tank placed about five feet above the ground, just high enough so that a barrel may be filled from the outlet pipe, thus giving a gravity system one way. This also affords an opportunity for draining off the water after it has settled, though probably it could not be used with oils that could not be pumped, as it will be necessary to pump the oil into the tank in the first place. The tanks which are used for distributing the oil in the orchard and the methods of filling the pots are various. In some of the orchards a galvanized iron tank with a capacity of about 400 gallons is used. Some of these tanks are fur- nished with two leads of hose, so that two rows of pots may be filled at the same time. Others simply have an escape pipe, and oil is drained first into buckets and then poured into the IQII Plate 11—Gas Pipe Plate 7—Rear View of Tank Shown in Plate 6, Showing Outlet Pipe heaters. Other orchardists use fifty- gallon barrels, hauling them about on stone-boats or light sleds. Where this is done two men can fill four rows of pots at a time very easily. For Bolton orchard heaters no special type of bucket for filling is required, but some of the other heaters which are more difficult to pour into need a special bucket. However, in filling any of the pots a bucket with a good spout will perhaps mean the saving of oil. Some orchardists claim that two men with a team can easily fill from 2,000 to 3,000 heaters per day. Others claim that it requires two men and a team one day to fill 1,000 pots. This differ- Torch and Half-Gallon Gasoline Cans. Three, Showing Cap for Upper End, Oil Chamber and Wick BEER FRU One Torch in - Plate 3—The Type of Thermometer Used in the Test Tags used to note corrections ence is probably due to the different distances apart of the heaters. Where fifty to seventy-five heaters per acre are used a safe estimate would prob- ably be 1,500 heaters per day for two men and a team, provided the supply of oil is near at hand. A number of different methods of lighting orchard heaters have been tried during this test. The first method was that of placing a small handful of straw on the surface of the oil and lighting it. This was not very satis- factory because after burning a short time the straw settled to the bottom, and in time became a collector of refuse in the pot. Also in cases where Plate 17—Old Rails Used for Fuel in Midvale Orchard the oil had to be emptied or returned to the storage tank this straw always had to be strained out. Another type of lighter used was the Patent Rapid Lighter, which works with a spring, allowing a small quantity of gasoline to be placed in the heater. This will light about 2,500 heaters without refill- ing. The method of using these light- ers is very simple, all that is necessary being for the man to walk along, press- ing the lever as he reaches the pot and touching the torch to the surface of the oil. The spring on the lever imme- diately throws it into position for the next heater. On the heavier grades of oil, which are harder to ignite, two Page 50 charges are often necessary to prop- erly light them. This was especially found to be true where the 20-degree “slop” distillate was used. These light- ers proved to be of no value, as they lasted but a short time. In fact after using them to light 600 pots during two different firings three of the five failed to work. Before the end of the season only one of the lighters could be used, and as they are sold at four dollars each they would hardly pay for them- selves. In fact when compared to other types in use they are practically valueless. A ihird type of lighter which was used, and which proved satisfactory in all of the tests, was one which was made locally and which we found in use in a number of orchards in the valley. This consists of a straight piece of three-quarter- inch gas pipe two feet long, closed at the upper end and fitted with a reducer at the lower end. Into this reducer is fitted a six-inch or eight- inch piece of one-half-inch gas pipe. The three-quarter-inch gas pipe is used as a storage chamber for kerosene. Through the one-half-inch pipe, and extending for a distance up into the storage chamber, a wick made of candle wicking should be drawn. This should be fitted in very tightly, so that it will not allow the oil to leak out faster than it will burn. With this as a torch and an ordinary one-half-gal- lon oil can in the other hand one man can easily light fifteen heaters per minute when they are located twenty to twenty-five feet apart. There is, however, some danger from fire with this lighter. If the wind should be blowing the gasoline as it is poured into the pot might possibly spatter onto the clothing of the operator and become ignited by the torch. However, with a little care they will bo no more dangerous than the patent types, and Richardson Orchard Oil Heater Manufactured by George C. Richardson Kansas City, Missouri BETTER FRUIT there is practically nothing about them to wear out. By studying the accom- panying cut one will be able to see the construction of these lighters. There are many types of lighters in use, but as these three were the only ones used in our test work we have only described them, and of the three the latter proved the most satisfactory. Test for the number of heaters per acre April 7.—TYemperature at 4:30 a. m. was 31 degrees. Twenty heaters per acre were lighted. No change in temperature was noticed, as will be seen by the following chart: Inside 5:00 5:30 6:00 Temperature 30 30 30.5 Temperature 30 29.5 29 Temperature 29.5 30 Temperature Temperature Temperature ails) AN CLARE.) Seeeautercn- cieres 31.1 30.2 Outside Temperature Temperature ........ 31 30.5 Temperature ........ 31.5 30.5 29.5 30 Memiperatuinewecer eit Biles) sii) 28.5) ai) Temperature ........ 31 30 30.5 30 MOYES, Segcoacavscc 31 3053029 SOO The night was very still and a dense smudge hung over the orchard, so that the sun was not visible until about 7 a.m. Only a very light drift occurred at sunup, so that the smudge did not leave the orchard very rapidly. The fires were put out at 6 o’clock. Test with Troutman Heaters (39 to the acre) April 14.—The heaters were arranged in a block 17x25 feet and covered approximately three acres. They were filled to capacity, which was five quarts, and lighted at 2:30 a. m. Every third row was lighted one way, in this way lighting about one-third of the heaters in the block. However, enough more around the edge of the block were lighted to bring the total to 118 heaters which were burned in this test. During the entire test the wind kept shifting back and forth from north to south, not remaining constant in one direction more than twenty minutes at a time. It was noticed that when coming from the north the outside temperature rose from one-half to one degree, and would drop again when the wind came from the south. The shifting of the wind, which was blowing at a rate of about two miles per hour, made it almost impossible to hold a smudge in the orchard, being so light within the heated area that the thermometers could be read by moonlight. The smudge rose above the orchard and spread. Inside 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 Mery, Bi) se. BX sil) BY 2) ain) Temperature. 31 31 30 30 30 29 31 Temperature. 30 30 29 30 30 28 29 Temperature. 32 32 31 30 30 29 30 Temperature. 31 32 30 31 30 31 = 31 Temperature. 32 32 32 31 30 31 32 Tioiaoeranire, 82, Ge a ail BY) 83) Bis Temperature. 30 32 30 30 30 31 32 Temperature. 31 32 31 30 30 32 32 Temperature. 31 32 30 30 30 32 32 Temperature. 30 32 29 30 29 30 31 Temperature. 31 32 30 30 29 32 £33 Average ..... 30.9 31.8 30.3 30.2 29.8 30.5 31.4 Outside Temperature. 29 30 29 29 Temperature. 28 30 5 Temperature. 0 Temperature. 29 30 Temperature. 29 30.2 Temperature. 31 30 30 31 Temperature. 31 Temperature. 30 Temperature. 30 29 30 30 28 30 32 Temperature. 30 30 32 30 28 30 31 Ww ooo Or ON wWhwhy Jo ito} (2) NWNWNNWNNwhy SH~190 HS Ro oO ES) oo Re) ee 1 Www Wh Noone Oo © or w — wee = ol November Temperature. 30 30 31 30 28 30 32 Temperature. 30 30 31 30 28 30 32 Average ..... 29.6 29.8 30 29.7 28.3 29.4 31 Increase..... 13) 2 oes co) tle} 7! A Average outside temperature for the whole period, 29.6. Highest increase, 2 degrees; low- est increase, 0.3 degree; average, 1 degree. The following day, before refilling the heaters, the oil which was left in the pots was measured back. In this way we were able to find the amount of oil consumed during the burning period, and extended from 2:30 to 6 o’clock. The sun rose at 5:52, and no temperatures were taken later than 6 o'clock. At 6 o’clock 38 heaters had gone out. For this burning period 127 gallons and two quarts of oil were used, or just slightly more than one gallon per heater. Maximum Burning Time of the Bolton Heater with a Carbon Arrester Attached, April 14.—This arrester is a small piece of light sheet iron used to cut down burning surface, being about four inches square, with a projection from each corner which rests upon the edge of the pot. The test was carried out the morning of April 14. The heaters were filled to their capac- ity, which was one gallon, and placed 17 feet by 25 feet apart, and were lighted at 12 o’clock. The lighting was done by one man, and the 299 heaters were fired in twenty minutes. The outside temperature at the time of lighting was 34 degrees and a light wind was blowing. Temperatures were taken in this plot every half hour with a total of twelve inside ther- mometers and twelve outside ther- mometers. The wind died down shortly after the pots were lighted, and began shifting back and forth from north to south. The tempera- ture by 2 o’clock had dropped to 314 degrees, and from this time until 6 was very changeable, due to the fact that when the wind blew from the north the temperature rose slightly and when coming from the south the temperature dropped. At 5:30 fifteen pots had gone out, but in each of these pots there was at least a quart of oil left. On account of some moisture which had collected in the pots and the soot on the arrester the pots had gone out. Some of these, when the arresters were removed and the oil relighted, burned until after 8 o’clock. The sun rose at 5:52, and on account of the heavy drift there was a very poor smudge in the orchard at that time. At 6 o’clock seven heaters were not burning, the attachments had been taken off and all were again relighted. At 6:30 a heavy wind began blowing, so that no further record of tempera- tures was kept. At 8 a. m. 145 out of the 299 heaters were still burning. As the pots were fired at 12 o’clock the burning time was eight hours. How- ever, the last four hours would have given no protection, or at least very little protection, as the flame was scarcely visible above the top of the heater. A few of the pots boiled over, but such a small percentage as to be of little account, and all of the follow- ing tests showed no such trouble. The maximum inside temperature was 34 degrees, and the minimum 28.5 degrees: IQIT BETTER FRUIT MAXIMUM BURNING TIME FOR BOLTON HEATER WITH CARBON ARRESTER Inside 12:30 1:00 1:30 2:00 2:30 3:00 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 Temperature 34 32 33 32 30 31 31.5 31 30 30.5 30.5 29.5 Temperature... 34 33-0 32 32 31 31 31.5 30 30 29 29 30 Temperature 34 33 32 32 32 31 30.5 30.5 30 29.5 30 Temperature 34 32.5 31.5 31 30 30 29.5 30 29.5 29 29 Temperature 32.5 33 32 30 30 32 30 31.5 29 29 31 Temperature 33 34 32 32 31 31 30 30 30.5 30 33 Temperature 33 34 32 32 31 33 30 31 30.5 30 33 Temperature 34 34 32 32 32 33 30.5 32 31 30 =. 32.5 Temperature aytb). BBs) shld BY 30.5 33 31 31.5 30 30.5 32 Temperature 32.5 34 31.5 33 30.5 32.5 31 31 30 30.5 32.5 Temperature 33 34 32 32 31 32 31 31.5 30 31 32.5 Temperature 33.6 33.6 31.6 31.6 30.6 31.6 31.6 30.6 30.1 30.6 33.1 Temperature 33 34 30.5 30 30 30 30.5 29.5 28.5 30 33 PAW OG AL Oye tt rerens seine ctleyerciare wie 33.2 33.4 31.8 31.4 30.8 31.7 30.5 30.7 29.9 30 31.6 Outside Temperature 31 31 31 29 29 30 29 29 29.5 30.5 29.5 Temperature 31 31 31 30 28 30 29.5) 29-5) 29 29 30 Temperature 30.5 31.5 31 29.5 28.5 30 30 28 28.5 29 30.5 Temperature 30.5 31 28.5 30 29 30 29.5 30 28 29 32 Temperature 31 32 28 30 29 30.5 30 30 27 28.5: 32 Temperature 31 31.5 28 30.5 31 30 30 31 28.5 30 31.5 Temperature 31 31 29 30 31 29.5 30 30.5 29 30.5 32 Temperature 32 31 28.5 30 30 29 30 30 28 30 32 Temperature 31.5 30.5 28 30.5 30 30 32 30 28 30 31 Temperature 31 31 28 29 30 30 31 30 28 30 32 Temperature 32 31 29 29.5 30 30 31 30 28 30 32 Temperature } 32 31.5 29.5 30 30 29:0) 29 29 29 28 30 ANIGIAEC 25000000 00000000800 6 31.2 31.1 28.9 29.9 29.7 29.9 30.1 29.8 28.4 29.5 31.1 Average increase.......... 1.2 1.9 Pas ere) If) tloal 1.8 0.4 0.9 1.5 0.5 0.5 Highest increase, 2.9 degrees; lowest Tests for Maximum Amounts of Heat Produced with 50 Pots Per Acre and 100 Pots Per Acre, April 15.—Bolton Orchard Heaters were used, being placed 17x25 feet apart. At 3:15 a. m. April 15, 50 heaters per acre were lighted in alternate rows each way. It was intended to carry out this test with only 50 heaters per acre, but after taking the 4 o’clock reading it was noticed that the inside temperature began to drop rapidly, so that 50 more heaters per acre were lighted. At the time the 4:30 reading was taken 100 heaters per acre had been burning for about ten minutes. The night was very still, very little drift being noticed, so that a dense smudge was formed in the orchard. About 5 a. m. a gentle drift from the southeast began. This increased until about 6 o’clock, when the breeze was blowing at the rate of about two miles per hour. The sun rose at 5:40, so no temperatures were taken after 6 o’clock, and at 6:30 the fires were put out. The accompanying chart will show the temperatures maintained on the inside and the tem- perature during the same period on the outside of the heated area: Inside 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 Temperature 30 31 32 34 33 33 Temperature 30 32 31 33 32 32 Temperature 30 31 30 30 32 32 Temperature 30 32 32 32 34 32 Temperature 30 32 34 32 32 32 Temperature 31 31 34 30 33 32 Temperature 31 33. 35 31 32 32 Temperature 31 33 33.5 31 33 32 Temperature 31 32 34 30 31 31 Temperature 30.6 33 34 31 31 32 Temperature 31 32.6 33.6 30.6 30.6 32.6 Temperature 29 31 31 29 30 30 Average..... 30.4 31.9 32.8 31.1 32 31.9 Outside Temperature 26 28 28 27 27 29 Temperature 28 29 28 26 27 30 Temperature 28 30 28 26 P4i 30 Temperature 26 28 28 26 27 30 Temperature 26 28 29 27 27 30 Temperature 26 28 29 25.0) 2/7 30 Temperature 28 29 28 26 28 28 Temperature 28 29 28 26) 2i7 28 Temperature 29 29 29 2s) 7X3) 30 Temperature 27 28 29 27 28 28 Temperature 28 29 29 27 28 30 ACT ACC) -reiicr- 27.3 28.6 28.5 26.5 27.5 29.4 Increase.... 3.1 oa) | Zines 7 ZEB Bs Highest increase, 4.6; lowest increase, 2.5; average increase with 50 heaters per acre, 3.7; average increase with 100 heaters, 4 degrees. The small difference between the two averages is largely due to the heaters burning low at the end of the test. At the same time and under the same conditions a maximum test was increase, 0.4 degree; average increase, 1.3 degrees. carried on with the Troutman heaters. These were placed 100 to the acre, 17x25 feet apart, but only 50 were lighted per acre at 3:15 a. m. At this time the outside temperature was 29 degrees. The Troutman heaters were lighted in alternate rows one way only. At 4:15 the remainder of the Troutman heaters were lighted, so that when the 4:30 reading was taken 100 heaters per acre had been burning for about fifteen minutes. The accompanying chart will show the temperatures maintained within the heated area for that period: Inside 3:30 4:00 4:30 5:00 5:30 6:00 Temperature 29 30 33 33 30 31 Temperature 29 31 33 33 31 31 Temperature 29 30 32 32 30 30 Temperature 30 31 34 33 32 31 Temperature 30 30 33 30 31 30 Temperature 30 30 33 30 32 31 Temperature 32 32 33 30 oy4 30 Temperature 30 30 33 30 32 30 Temperature 29 30 32 29 30 30 Temperature 29 30 32 30 32. 32 Temperature 29 30 31 29 30 30 Temperature 30 3 32 29 30 30 Average..... 29.6 30.4 32.6 30.6 31 30.5 Outside Temperature 26 28 28 27 27 29 Temperature 28 29 28 26 27 30 Temperature 28 30 28 26 27 30 Temperature 26 28 28 26 27 30 Temperature 26 28 29 Paz 27 30 Temperature 26 28 29 25.5 27 30 Temperature 28 29 28 26 28 28 Temperature 28 29 28 26 27 28 Temperature 29 29 29 27.5) 29) 30 Temperature 27 28 29 27 28 28 Temperature 28 29 29 27 28 30 Average..... 27.3 28.6 28.5 26.5 27.5 29.4 Increase.... 2.3 1.8 4. 4.1 Bi Daal Average increase with 50 heaters per acre, 3 degrees; with 100 heaters per acre, 3.5 de- grees. The low average with 100 heaters is due largely to the fact that at the time the last temperature was taken the heaters were burning very low. To be continued in next edition. MAKANGHIA Societe Anonyme Au Capital de 1,500,000 Francs. UNION AGRICOLE DE FRANCE Direction & Caisse: 30 Rue des Halles. Paris, September 26, 1911. To the Manager of the Publishing Company of “Better Fruit,’? Hood River, Oregon. Dear Sir: Please find herewith a postal order for two yearly subscrpitions to your monthly review, “Better Fruit,’ which we beg you to direct to 1. The director of “Union Agricole de France,”’ 30 Rue des Halles, Paris. 2. Mr. Voegelin Charles, a Algiers (Algeria). In acknowledging reception of our subscrip- tions will you kindly let us know at which price it would be possible for us to secure the collection of same review for the. last twelve months anterior to the current. Yours sincerely, AXLES IMIGTIZ, Managing Director.- Ideal Heater WARNING AGAINST FROST Frost is often the bane of the orchardist and fruit grower’s existence. Just at the time when the harvest is about ready to yield up its annual returns frost comes with its devastating sword ard cuts down the fruit of several months’ labor in cold waste. Practical fruit growers have long. since learned to stay off the injuries from frost by the use of the “‘smudge.”” However, it remains a problem at just what times the “smudge”? is needed and when not needed. to tell when too late, and, so as to be on the safe side, there is much waste of labor and expense in keeping “smudges” going when, as it later proves, they are not It is easy necessary. Something to overcome _ this extravagance has long been a necessity, and ‘necessity being the mother of invention,” the electrical ‘“‘Tycos” Automatic Alarm Ther- mometer was invented. It is a unique instru- ment, thoroughly practical, reliable and simple. Every fruit grower should avail himself of such progress as makes for sta- bility, certainty and profit in his business. In our advertising pages is a description of this ‘“‘Tycos’”’? instrument. A careful study of it will repay you. Peruse it well. THE “NEW WAY” MOTOR COMPANY’S NEW CATALOGUE The new C-12 engine catalogue just issued by the “New Way” Motor Company of Lans- ing, Michigan, is now being distributed. This book is printed in two colors and shows a couple of two-color scenes illustrating the “New Way” twin cylinder engine, one of which shows the engine operating a corn sheller in Iowa, while in the other a twin cylinder engine is running a_ threshing ma- chine in Australia. Considerable information is given on the “New Way” twin cylinder engines, also on the Bosch high tension, gear driven, magneto equipment. Any reader of “Better Fruit’ may have a copy of this cata- logue by writing to the “New Way” Motor Company, of Lansing, Michigan, mentioning this article. Gletwyn Farm, Salisbury Rhodesia, South Africa, September 12, 1911. Editor Better Fruit: Hood River, Oregon, U. S. A. Dear Sir: I beg to acknowledge receipt of the sample copy of “Better Fruit’? which you kindly sent to me. Please send me your paper for one year, starting with the August, 1911, number, and also send me the special back numbers dealing with spraying, floral culture, pear and grape, peach and cherry. If I have not sent enough money just let me know and I will send more, as your paper is just what T want. Yours respectfully, FRANK J. M. McFADZEAN. P. S.—I have sent you a money order for through the postoffice, and I trust you will receive same at postoffice at Hood River all right. Chas. H. Lilly & Co. of Seattle, Washing- ton, and Portland, Oregon, have just issued a new catalogue which will be found interest- ing to the fruit grower in general. In addi- tion to the general information contained in this catalogue there are special features about seeds and how they are recleaned, as well as the hardy varieties of roses and a chapter on fertilizer which are very instructive. a Editor Better Fruit: Have yours of the sixth stating that you would send an extra copy of your publica- tion, and which, we assure you, is appreci- ated. Wish to congratulate you on the fine numbers you are getting out and think you have them ‘‘all skinned’? when it comes to up-to-date work. Yours truly, The Woodburn Nurseries, [Woodburn Nurseries have advertised in every edition of “Better Fruit” from Volume 1, No. 1, to date, sixty-five consecutive issues, which is pretty good evidence of the value of “Better Fruit’? as an advertising medium. | Page 52 BETTER FRUIT HOOD RIVER, OREGON OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE NoRTHWEST FRUIT GROWERS’ ASSOCIATION A MontTHLy ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN FRuIT GROWING AND MARKETING ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE ADDRESSED AND REMITTANCES MADE PAYABLE TO Better Fruit Publishing Company E. H. SHEPARD EpITOR AND PUBLISHER H. E. Van Denman, Contributing Editor STATE ASSOCIATE EDITORS OREGON A. B. CorpLey, Entomologist, Corvallis C. I. Lewis, Horticulturist, Corvallis P. J. O’GArA, Pathologist and Entomologist, Medford WASHINGTON MELANDER, Entomologist, Pullman COLORADO C. P. GittettTe, Director and Entomologist, Fort Collins E. B. House, Chief of Department of Civil and Irrigation Engineering, State Agricultural College, Fort Collins E. P. Taytor, Horticulturist, Grand Junction IDAHO W. H. Wicks, Horticulturist, Moscow W. S. THoRNBER, Horticullurist, Lewiston UTAH Dr. E. D. Batt, Director and Entomologist, Logan Leon D. Barcuetor, Horticulturist, Logan MONTANA O. B. Wurppte, Horticulturist, Bozeman CALIFORNIA C. W. WoovwortH, Entomologist, Berkeley W. H. Votcx, Entomologist, Watsonville BRITISH COLUMBIA R. M. Winstow, Provincial Horticulturist, Victoria SUBSCRIPTION PRICE $1.00 PER YEAR In ADVANCE IN UNITED STATES AND CANADA ForEIGN Supscriptions, Including Postage, $1.50 ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Entered as second-class matter December 27, 1906, at the Postoffice at Hood River, Oregon, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879. A. L. Orchard Heating.—This, the Novem- ber number of “Better Fruit,” is devoted almost exclusively to this subject, and following issues will contain more or less valuable information along this line, but the subject was so important that we thought best to cover it pretty thoroughly in one edition. It is hoped and believed that every reader will be benefited by this issue. The articles are certainly very valuable and instruc- tive. Among the leading articles in this edition are the bulletin, “Preliminary Frost,” published by the Experiment Station at Corvallis; “Modern Methods of Frost Prevention,” by Professor P. J. O’Gara, of Medford; “Protection of Orchards,” by J. R. Howard; “Forcast- ing Frost,’ by Edward A. Beals; “Fruit Grower’s Thermometer,” by Edward L. Wells. It also contains some splendid articles written by those connected with the manufacturing of orchard heaters, as follows: “Orchard Heating an Established Fact,” by J. L. Hamilton, of the Hamilton Orchard Heater Com- pany; “Advance of Orchard Heating,” by P. H. Troutman; “Instructions for Using the Ideal Orchard Heater,” by F. E. Barney, of the Ideal Orchard Heating Company; “Successful Orchard Heating Methods,” by J. R. Wentworth; “Modern Methods of Frost Prevention,” by E. B. McPherson. The general plan for the articles in this edition is two-fold: First, to fur- nish articles by those who have had BETTER FRU experience in this line of work, who have carried on experiments which are fully explained in their articles; sec- ondly, to have articles by those men connected with the manufacturing of orchard heaters, giving each one an opportunity to explain their successes and describe their methods and the important features connected with their style of pots, a few things about the fruit grown with absolutely no protec- tion against frost under any conditions whatever, and the results obtained by orchardists using the different heaters in protecting their crops against frost; in other words, saving it. During the last two years we have realized the importance of giving all the information we could about orchard heating. “Better Fruit” conceived the idea of publishing the first orchard heating number, which was issued in October, 1910. Since that time improve- ments and developments have been made and orchard heating tried out on a great deal larger scale by a large number of fruit growers, and it there- fore seems important that the fruit growing industry should be given all the possible information pertaining to this subject. It is impossible to cover the whole field in any one edition, so the following number will give further information along this subject. A large number of fruit growers have used the different orchard heating devices dur- ing the past year, reporting success. Nearly every orchard heating company has usually a number of testimonials from fruit growers who have saved their crops, but the space in “Better Fruit” is not sufficient to include all of these, nor is it sufficient to fully describe the good points of the different orchard heaters. Elsewhere in this Spokane Chamber of Commerce Spokane, October 26, 1911. Mr. E. H. Shepard, Editor “Better Fruit,” Hood River, Oregon. The statistical edition of “Better Fruit” is the most comprehensive and informative I have ever seen. I have had long experience in these matters and so fully appreciate the value of this particular number, which should have a place with the ealendar and telephone book in every farm home of the country. I know, too, that your compilations are nearer the actual figures than any that have yet been put on paper, which makes the journal all the more valuable. I am sending herewith 30 cents in stamps for three extra copies, which I desire to place in our library. My own copy I have taken home, where I can have it con- venient for reference. Congratulating you upon the ex- cellence of the October number, and wishing you continued success, believe me, sincerely, August Wolf, Secretary Publicity Committee. November edition appear the advertisements of some of the largest orchard heating manufacturers, with their addresses, and every fruit grower who wants further information on this subject can. secure it by writing these different orcnard heating companies. Estimating Crops.—To obtain a rea- sonably approximate estimate of the apple crop in the different states seems to be a very difficult matter. Last year the growers in the Northwest in all sincerity under-estimated their crops. The growing season seemed to be abso- lutely perfect from start to finish and the apples kept on growing until they got to be so large that it took very few apples to fill a box, and consequently the growers had about fifty per cent more than they expected. Last vear’s crop seemed to have a tendency to cause Eastern dealers to conclude that the crop would be a large one this year. The grower this year has made the reverse error by over-estimating his crop, and the crop of the Northwest will turn out much lighter than all previous reports, with the possible exception of one or two states. Now a correct estimate of the crop is very essential for the dealer in determining what he can afford to pay, and equally important for the grower in determin- ing what price he should ask for his fruit. It seems the desire is growing very strong on the part of the Inter- national Apple Shippers’ Association and the National League of Commission Merchants to obtain correct estimates, and it may also be said that the growers as a rule are beginning to appreciate the importance of furnishing reliable statistics. Correct information is the only information that is valuable. In previous years crops have been esti- mated on the percentage basis. It has been stated before in the columns of “Better Fruit” that a percentage esti- mate is not very significant unless one knows that the percentage is based on the preceding year’s crop or on what would be considered a normal crop, and even then this percentage business is still misleading, for the reason that one state which produces a very small quantity of apples might have 200 per cent and another state which produces a large quantity might have d0 per cent, and therefore, without knowing the normal yield of a state or actual yield the year before, and to which the per- centage referred, both the dealer and grower are at a loss to arrive at any definite conclusion as to the quantity of the crop in general. In a previous issue of “Better Fruit” we gave our hearty endorsement to the establish- ment of some bureau of statistics in the Northwest, which would ascertain the official number of carloads shipped in each one of the different districts, and inasmuch as the crop has been largely over-estimated in the Northwest it seems timely again to call the attention of fruit growers to the necessity of a census bureau for the Northwest. Such a bureau probably could be maintained Continued on page 55 TOIL BETTER FRUIT Page (ur Unparalleled Clubbing Offer ‘Better Fruit’ offers to its readers what it considers the finest list of clubbing offers ever placed before the public in the Northwest. Its variety is one that must appeal to readers of all classes. Look it over carefully, select the one you want and send us the proper amount and we will do the Mmheseladiess \Vorld.. . 22-42) $)-50))| The) Htude .->-5..-..>.....-$1-50) || Pacific Monthly ..5--.°..... $1.50 Modern Priscilla .......... oa) || SIBEiGe INPUT Goecoocogonce TOD |) Hate Taw? Cao owononcdbe 1.00 | sake IME Go eeccueooone 1.00 Total a Rae a siscsuccreuees $2.50 ALOYEALL ol6-c.c oblprad oDO-OROIS 6 $2.50 | MM Otani meer sk ccs See pee” Bothwtoneeee eee ee 2.00 IBothatory macnencrke eee 1.75 ANDI TRO pee orsienceeons 1.85 ae American Bee Journal...... $1.00 | Success and National Post. .$1.00 Garden Magazine .........-$1.50 CR IMATE Sooo cloubooEes 1.00 | American Magazine ........ 1.50 American Magazine ........ 1.50 “Better Fruit” ......-...... 1.00 | <(Retter ELuite: ..<.re cee ede 1.00 WMOtalllarccta cept skie nee $2.00 — Both for ea ncnawian ccc 1.65 INOVEN coo beeadubcbenoos ob) Morales se sailor 7 $4800 eee ae ANDEAN Res ere oto Aero OIE OCP 2.70 | AIM TOF scepesgaspeaavse 2-90 | Review of Reviews.........$3.00 a hs SOMIAOES soooocsceapococes BND |] DMTAEENIO! Goosbocosasdoco voila!) ‘ _, | Good Housekeeping ........ 1.50 | Success and National Post.. 1.00 WelineatOnmee eee ero OU «PR 5 eR NOD aiamemns “0 e - x ms USP ISAEITE So dbcockucoud 1.00 | Everybody’s ............... 1.50 Good Housekeeping ........ 1.50 aes Se Ta) Pe So Gncy Bete ren vultcemerrrrre rile 1.00 HBG IMAINE" usce6oaaa50 HAUD Total eee ee oe ae S950 To Nl <2 re. $4.00 AIR OT es: crneeee ise tees auses ete 6.00 ae Sern er eee chnm ead tech ares ae INIM TROP Losopoeeoaen ees ap LHe) Se Fe tae ea basil ic eases et ara ea a ; IDWORVKOGK/VS socoeceocodccec $1.50 Tear | American Magazine ........ 1.50 | Good Housekeeping ........ $1.50 | Scientific American ........$3.00 | Delineator ................. 1.50 | Success and National Post.. 1.00 | “1eiculi@e ISPUbliee So poopoGeGGuC 1.00 | “Better Fruit? ............. LOO || AWa@eGAN Sooocosesseocedas 1.50 aa Cosmopolitan .............. 1.50 | VOW ssaccceoooscceooa aly) TROTAE Rats Ae ar ae ri Raa) || Celtis ewe ocoscooceccuce 1.00 | BORO secnsisver tesco haves 3.50 J RDI Tey tr ee eee ean 3.90 Bates oe WOVEN ocenabeoo como wi doSkeoe VANIME ROTL eee seatasseonecyaelesties 4.40 Fruit Grower (St. Joseph)..$1.00 | Housekeeper ............... $1.50 Opie lkaibite> gaousoneucene 1.00 | Review of Reviews......... 3.00 Me Gluneismaeara nent e to. 4.50 | Century ~..-.....-...-.-... $4.00 Thayne rans ene $2.00 | “Better Fruit” ............. 1.00 | Everybody’s ............... 1.50 BOthueLO Te ee ee 1.50 2, || YWVOIGPS WORE scoacootcc0ac SH) GNA soos conoeboscoocc sQ7AN) || MIBSUIGR IMPaI ~cogoadoccade 1.00 / NIU ARO) Peis Becta Sons CeO OOD 4.50 Tae The Ladies? World.........$ .50 Mota enchsachensey oars elo« $9.50 Pictorial Review ........... 1.0 poe te . : Al for .....-2-++---+-- G60 Modern Priscilla ........... 75 Coun pte ae Sea d see 00 CBeior IRIE. ooo ose cusens 1.00 Review of Reviews......... & 3.00 me ; WIGCITIROAS. Ge sgotocasenaaoo od 1.50 | Country Life in America... .54.00 ROTA Ee ae ae 835 Apani@e INA sooo 0dc0000s 1.00 WOBIGHS WOE SSO nore 3.00 OTe oe ie 215 | — Everybody Sg pio ge abo cob 1.50 | LO taller itex pats areyoreciere $9.50 | Delineator ................. 1.50 | NUMER ey hearin oid Ciera eran eon (7S || Heiter JANN Goobocooadn0] 1.00 Good Housekeeping ........$1.50 | — . Sra Cosmopolitan .............. 1.50 Country Life in America... .$4.00 Total Sa eo ee eed roa WOR MOG occecccaceonc SOOMRO@ RTE tee oe eee a es S000 JASE Goo od Soe auOodaG olf OV SEN Ke PIO HUGE 55 clo ree ely oreo 1.00 Bravia Wm ss65cc0ecoacn 1.00 ea Kansas City Weekly Star....$ .25 Total ..................$7.00 Otay apy ohes aie perseneteaens cee $8.00 | ““Better Fruit” ............. 1.00 SAU ROM selene tirtones eco che ee 3.70 INIT ROTE ees ery en oe 6.25 TOVEW so onebocuhanooo ne delle sy | Review of Reviews......... $3.00 | Review of Reviews.........$3.00 PADUA LG Cai Pris oa 1200 WONG: ase ocg ma pe Roes.c 1.50 | Woman’s Home Companion. 1.50 SPIO socecoogunuu0unc SHUW) | Woe Seocncugoscu0dsu 1.50 | Woman’s Home Companion. $1.50 pe oetterwbnlitgaorcl- acpi TOD) |) SiGe IME Sas cog udoou oD UM) |) Ole IONE Boooogdcdocse 1.00 Ota epee eye ee REDON | MO tall fee iceeey tase srsn see hae $7.00 MO tall’ farses tyes srsvaie, oi cs! oisusierer= $2.50 | JU len ites eee Reena eeete eierG 6.15 AST LOL fevarcsstccso Net acsenacene 4.50 BROWN TOP so occcacen noah) rest. Woman’s Home Companion. $1.50 MICGOiRS Headcoaocnusodoos 1.50 Cato IU Coo bocbaodacs 1.00 | Motaleniacksc ice ee $4.00 | FAIS ROT te eoucscorstet cre ariel e 00} Weekly Oregonian .........$1.50 ACP IPOH? Loobooscodoos 1.00 Motale raster voce eocrene $2.50 BOER UHOLS TEs. varivovscra eens 1.75 ies : | SWIOSEE sooccoospeconpoucdccc $1.50 SB ettere Hu uiitegusice ayers 1.00 Mo tallisicus ccc cnav bop $2.50 BOthiGhoragcs cere nesctersrea re 1.90 | Eivenybodiy2S) fei... «+ $1.50 | St. Nicholas ............... 3.00 Cee INA” Goovosdoccd ce 1.00 Mo talieereraveversreervctctosstekerete $5.50 INUL SOR ooia ce ooo p00 600 4.50 3reeders’ Gazette .........- $1.75 Coysyiiere IBbblE Goeoooodaccne 1.00 | otallrces aes arcnecue ide $2.75 Bothetocer ere 2.00 Northwest Poultry Journal..$ .50 Asaioe INA seoocasoen ots 1.00 Motalliccdarrscuse oaicacucusserise $1.50 | [BOVNol OM Sooaccuocoaao0 1.25 | World’s Work ............. $3.00 | Everybody’s ...........-... 1.50 Delim Catone ee eee 1.50 ) sya Hie IMAC CoA Sao en beens 1.00 Mo talllgsay stress vaio $7.00 INDE TROP” GS co. 600 a0 0a e060 4.50 Garden Magazine .......... $1.50 Pair Mele osooseoodco00 1.00 Totally secsice qe te eereers $2.50 BOY TWOP csoodesoondooo 1.90 Good Housekeeping ........ $1.50 Pictorial Rewiew 32-22... 1.00 | Aroanee IMUM? coscasounsdce 1.00 | | Motaleeeee ee OOO eoeD UO) IN Mi atone Sse om ciolg on oon bos DON) These rates do not apply in Canada owing to extra postage oe to) S WHEN WRITING ADVFRTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT xD JS Page 54 BETTER FRUIT November Hood River and Hood River Valley at the Close of 1911 In Hood River numerous and important improvements are under way. The system of city water supply heretofore owned and operated by a private corporation has been purchased by the municipality. Additional mains are being laid preparatory to connecting with a new source of Supply of ample volume and unquestioned purity in a spring six miles out towards Mount Hood. This will furnish abundant water of a quality equal to that of the famous Bull Run water of Portland, the head of the stream in each case being among the glaciers and snows of Mount Hood. New lines of sewers are being put down and old lines extended. Upwards of twenty blocks of cement walk have been laid during the year, and the streets of the business district, also about twenty blocks in extent, having been graded, will next spring be paved in cement over a base of crushed rock. A new passenger station of brick and cement, heated by steam, lighted throughout by electricity, and costing $30,000, was built during the summer by the Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Company and occupied in September. Two brick business blocks, 50x100 and 100x100, are now in course of erection, for use as store-rooms and apartments. There is also building a church edifice for the Congregational Society of Hood River. The walls are constructed of the blue stone of the Valley. A park has been set aside as a site for a public brary, and arrangements are now in progress for a building equipment to cost $20,000. In the Valley eight miles of macadam roadway has been built, with as much more projected for next year, which will make possible a fine 5 automobile spin ‘around the loop,’ and connecting later on with the wagon road now building over the sixty-six miles of mountain distance between Portland and Hood River, will make a scenic drive of unsur- passed grandeur and beauty. New homes—the bungalow, where cozy comfort dwells, and the spacious house, wherein all modern improve- ments contribute to luxurious ease—brighten the landscape in divers places. Bearing orchards indicate by their fruit spurs a crop of upwards of a million boxes for 1912; “the planting of the apple tree” goes on with unabated vigor, and important sales of both uncleared and developed land attest the faith of investors. HOOD RIVER COMMERCIAL CLUB Siac Cleef tea Secretary. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII HAVE YOU CONQUERED SAN JOSE SCALE ? Continued from page 53 at a very small expense. An officer in charge of the work with a stenographer ought to do all of this work. Various means could be found to finance such a bureau, in our opinion, without ques- tion. All associations, all individual shippers, in fact, all firms engaged in handling fruit would be willing to pay their pro rata. or injury. bbls., $16.00 ; The December edition of “Better Fruit” will probably be largely devoted to pruning, planting, etc., containing valuable information that will be more or less interesting to everyone con- nected with the fruit industry. It is our intention to produce in January, if we are able to get the data together in time, and we hope that we can, our annual apple show number, which will contain good descriptive articles about each one of the prominent shows that are being held, and these articles will all be illustrated in the same splendid way which is characteristic of “Better Fruit.” Bartlett and Anjou 50,000 one-year old pears to offer, both wholesale and retail Orchardists’ Supply Co. 301 Newhouse Building SALT LAKE, UTAH White Lead on the Farm Outbuildings Every building on your farm that is built of good lumber deserves good paint. Thor- ough painting means lower repair bills, longer life for the building, and an attract- ive, prosperous appearance for your whole place. “Dutch Boy Painter” Pure White Lead and pure linseed oil makes an ideal paint for farm buildings. It protects the surface perfectly and keeps out the rain and frost. Now is the time to protect your buildings against the fall rains and the winter weather. Our Free Painting Helps We guarantee it can be done with ‘‘Sealecide”’ or anything else. “Scalecide”’ use of ‘'Scalecide, ’ will bring you by return mail, free, our book, ooklet, “Scalecide—the Tree-Saver.’ in the United States east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio rivers on receipt, of price : 10-gal. cans, $6.75 ; BETTER FRUIT and with less labor and less expense. * If your dealer cannot supply d-gal. cans, $3.75. Address: for less money, with less effort, and more effectively than with Lime-Sulfur “Sealecide’’ may be mixed anywhere, in any kind of a tank or barrel that is clean. not corrode the pumps or clog the nozzle; consequently the pumps work very muc h easier, with less labor, wear and tear. ““Sealecide’’ will not injure the most delicate skin, and may even be placed in the eyes without the slightest inconvenience is used successfully by fruit growers in the United States, South Africa, Porto Rico, Cuba, and Australia, because experience has taught them thatthe greatest perfection in fruit and foliage is produced by the continued Let us prove these statements. “Modern Methods of Harv esting, Grading and Packing Apples,’ “Sealecide”’ B. G. Pratt Co., Page 55 “Sealecide’’ does A postal request to Dept. and new we will deliver it to any railroad station 50-gal. bbls., $25.00; 30-gal. 50 Church Street, New York City. Instructions for Using Ideal Orchard Heaters E recommend fifty to eighty per acre, according to severity of frosts in different locations and area heated. Growers usually supply them- selves with two tons of coal per acre for a season’s protection, although one ton is usually sufficient for the pur- pose. It is essential that all work con- nected with orchard heating be sys- tematized so far as possible. Buy a bale of waste, fifty pounds for every five hundred heaters, and always have plenty on hand. Buy a barrel of crude oil; knock out the head and, after tear- ing waste apart, put in a barrel of oil. When thoroughly saturated run waste through an old wringer and it is ready for use. Don’t leave oil in barrel dur- ing summer; it will leak out. Have the kindling first sawed in six-inch lengths; it is then an easy task to split it rapidly with a hatchet. Split it to one inch in diameter. One man can prepare enough in one day for one thousand fires. Use egg or small lump coal; handle with coal fork having close set tines. This will separate slack, which is expensive to burn. Place waste, kindling, coal and heaters on a low truck wagon or sled. Some growers load heaters at coal house and then haul to orchard. They use platform on sled or wagon having holes cut to receive heaters. In loading place small piece of waste on side of heater near bottom. Throw in loosely a handful of kindling. After coal is put in pick out center chunks, until kindling is exposed, which will cause a good draft and quick fire when starting. Some use round stick in loading to keep center open. Fill every other heater with full charge of coal, which will bring coal above edge of APPLE SEEDLINGS—ROOT GRAFTS Good Grades. Well Packed Write for pricés HAWKEYE NURSERIES STRATFORD, IOWA Q). A.C. SHORT COURSE heater. The large cover protects kin- dling, and by placing a lump of coal on cover the wind will not blow it off. Leave every other heater lightly loaded for short firings, which is usually all required. Place heaters between the trees in the rows; this permits driving through to refill and do other work. Have edges of orchard reinforced with heat- ers, leaving fewer in proportion in center of orchard, as the pressure of the cold air on the outside forces the warm air toward the center of orchard. It is a good plan to have a row of our fifty-pound size of heaters around edge. If work is systematized and material properly prepared two men can handle a ten-acre orchard. Place heaters in orchard when buds begin to open, and leave until several days after date of last killing frost. Have tested ther- mometers at different places in the orchard and one or two outside to aid you in regulating fires. All thermome- ters should be closely watched, as a few degrees below the frost line makes a mighty lot of difference. Don’t get excited or curious to light up before the danger point is reached. If you have Ideals in your orchard and have followed directions for loading every fire will burn, and you will have heat just as soon as it is possible to get it with any heater. Thirty degrees above zero is usual signal for starting fires. For peaches and other tender fruits in full bloom start fires at thirty-two degrees. If it is midnight or before that it gets cold enough to fire, light the heaters with full charge first. If it is after midnight light heat- ers partially filled. Use asbestos torch; a boy can light an acre in five minutes. Don’t stop fires during night, as a cold wave is apt to follow a warm one. Draw coal toward center of heater just before sunup, as this is coldest time and you will need lots of heat.— Contributed. Begin January 3 Continue Four Weeks Every citizen of Oregon is cordially invited to attend the short courses of the Oregon Agricultural College, beginning We will send you free on re- quest color schemes and miscel- Janeous painting instructions that you will find of real, practical value. Ask for Helps 830 NATIONAL LEAD CO. NewYork Cleveland Chicago St. Louis Beston Buffalo Cincinnati San Francisco (John T. Lewis & Bros. Co., Philadelphia) (National Lead and Oil Co., Pittsburgh) January 3. Eleven distinctive courses will be offered in Agriculture, Mechanic Arts, Domestic Science and Art, Com- merce, Forestry and Music. Every course is designed to help the student in his daily work. Make this a pleasant and profitable winter outing. No tuition. Reasonable accom- modations. For bautiful illustrated bulletin, address H. M. TENNANT, Registrar, Corvallis, Oregon. You Are Invited Farmer’s Business Course by Correspondence WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 56 BETTER FRUIT Zo the “fobbing Trade: We cordially invite correspondence from all high class November fruit jobbers relative to supplying their trade the com- ing season with the finest apples grown on earth. Our brilliant red Spitzenbergs for early witer trade and our beautiful Ye/ow Newtown Pippins for the spring trade are the two ideals of the Apple World, and for flavor, beauty and keeping qualities they are not equalled. Buy goods of quality and your trade will appreciate Write the same. Hood River Apple Growers Unton HOOD RIVER, OREGON The Advancement of Orchard Heating By P. H. Troutman, President Round Crest Canning Company HE year that is drawing to a close has placed orchard heating on a firmer and more practical basis than it has ever been before. The friends of this. method of frost fighting have always ranked it first in importance of all orchard work connected with mod- ern and scientific orcharding, but not until the present year has orchard heating taken its proper place in the minds of the fruit growers in general and the official agricultural world. Heretofore it has always been looked upon by those who were not in actual touch with this method of crop insur- ance as an experiment and not of real practical worth in commercial fruit growing. This condition, however, has changed entirely, and orchard heating is now Officially recognized as of just as great importance and value as spraying, irrigating or other orchard work. This being the case it is not necessary for any writer to go into the details and reasons why orchard heaters should be used, as this is more or less of an old story. It is very important, however, that we look at some of the points in regard to orchard heating from an unprejudiced standpoint. The growers who are not equipped with some sort of orchard heaters are considered behind the times just as the growers are who refuse to spray or who refuse to see the advantage in pruning and thinning their orchards. One thing that has held back the gen- eral adoption of heating up to the present time has been the fierce, and in many instances the unbusiness- like, competition between some of the orchard heater concerns. One manu- facturer would make certain claims for his heater, or against another, and then someone else would come along and deny the accusations, and in turn tell the grower something so different that the poor victim of this unscrupu- lous warfare would decide that all heater manufacturers were liars, and the best thing for him to do was to stay out of the deal and trust to luck Duncan Campbell & Co. 349 DAVIS STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Car Load Brokers and Distribu- tors Citrus and Deciduous Fruits Write or wire us regarding anything you have to offer in carload lots. Want pears for Eastern shipments; also canning pears. Satisfactory references guaranteed. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT that his crop would pull through without frost protection. This condi- tion arose from there being so many makes of heaters placed on the mar- ket by men who knew little or nothing about the principles that lie back of successful heating, whether for indoor or outdoor use, and whose one and only idea was to make some money out of their device, even if it was at the expense of the growers. Many manufacturers recommended fewer heaters to the acre than was practi-_ cal so as to make their device seem more efficient, while at the same time they used three times the number rec- ommended in their own _ orchards. The result of this was that quite a few growers lost their crops, and instead of placing the blame where it belonged they naturally blamed it on the heating principles in general and became knockers. Another unfortunate drawback to orchard heating in the past has been the results obtained by some of the agricultural colleges and experiment stations. JI do not want it thought for a minute that the agricultural colleges have not been of great assistance in orchard heating, for their experiments have been of great assistance in the introduction of this latest departure in fruit culture. For some unaccount- able reason, however, the results obtained by these colleges have not been at all as good as the results of experiments conducted by hundreds of fruit growers under actual frost IOII BETTER FRUIT Page 57 THE SUNNYSIDE NURSERY CO., Sunnyside, Washington Get our cut rates before buying your stock from half acre. We sell direct to save you money conditions in regard to the increase in temperature maintained. Naturally the growers at large preferred to take the results of the colleges rather than the reports sent out by the orchard heater manufacturers. Fortunately for the growers of the country there have been willing pioneers in every section who have been ready to risk a little cash and prove for themselves just what there was in orchard heating, and their reports have been so over- whelmingly in favor of the system that practically all opposition has disap- peared and all now join in urging the general adoption of this method of frost fighting. ~In many cases the heated orchard bears the only fruit raised in an entire county, while in no instances in practical use has orchard heating ever proved a failure or of no advantage. where the growers have taken proper steps beforehand to see that they had plenty of heaters and fuel enough for the maximum require- ments. Next in importance to the main fact that orchard heating is practical dem- onstrations made in over thirty states have brought out the valuable fact that any orchard heating device properly used will save the fruit crops from frost, and that the only material differ- ence between the dozens of devices is in the amount of fuel consumed for heat produced. Some heaters require just double the amount of fuel to accomplish the same results. This, of course, is very important and consid- GOODELL BERRY This is the greatest of all known varieties; has color, sweetness and aroma of wild berry; yield immense, $500 worth of berries marketed Write for circular and prices on our nursery stock. We are the people who save you the money. Bante tty -weicasnn anetecnesi ec ns aE ee 40,000 Wai tere Niels inne tani teye erence rer ewes aie 5,000 QUITO COMMON Soadcuccccccsoooduadaan 5,000 APRICOT " oy MIOORDAUS. cbobasencdanudulegodeedncoanb 14,308 j , 15 4 hem 2) CHERRY ee Sas i JEuOYSS / Wb oro g grace araieea ele Dice OO ORE cre 4,527 ARE oa Bam bentye rd eiarr cee cia eee eens 7,898 OV ALEVAT Ny Bee cis cwe ie crekecmehoteten aerate 1,856 WAT TOTES Pe iio SU el SRST ccs 8 es mk en 2,291 PLUM MATT EIE Secreto ue Elen nae ase eee A723) ered so important by the orchard heater manufacturers that it is almost an impossibility to take up an orchard heater advertisement without noticing the claim to the effect that this par- ticular heater “gives more heat for amount of fuel consumed than any other heater on the market,’ regard- less of whether the particular heater is the ordinary lard bucket or some- thing similar without the first claim to the oxygen consuming principle. No grower who takes account of his expenditures will overlook this or fail to thoroughly investigate the claims of various manufacturers regarding the saving of fuel before they invest in their equipment. The grower, how- The Campbell System INSURES your crop against DROUTH. Our experience in 1910 and 1911 has proven that good crops can be grown with less than eighteen inches of rain- fall. Those who followed the Camp- bell System in 1910 have a crop in 1911. DON’T TAKE ANY RISKS FOR 1912 Campbell’s publications explain the system. Campbell’s Soil Culture Manual $2.50 Campbell’s Scientific Farmer . $1.00 Combination Price .... . $3.00 Address CAMPBELL SOIL CULTURE CoO. Lincoln, Nebraska When you write ask about the Camp- bell Correspondence School. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Elberta Salway The live wire nursery. Prepare to be shocked by our low prices Surplus List APPLE NOME TB CAalutiyiecacieuero cel eee eccrine 114,275 IWHTVES API reriersucusee eich ais arcana ame chcirens 141,833 SUENwToeuel MVHS) Loeccasccensouccocus 17,064 Newtown Pippin ..................... 106,278 ICO aEY(T VEU OV CNN Mies oiatn hate eu etter Oo guna en Cn beeern az 140,212 Wide Enle Trica mtrscnciy gu syiwn crniareenleeLectien ae 57,690 D eLiCiO US a gercis ens ree ae ca 25,499 GrimesiGoldenteen aceon oe 38,093 Spitzenbergie soca vec ces ah eaacienke 54,301 Arkansas= Blackie re yeaisies ni eee 2,450 IMCIMTOS Terre ciane tetera rere os eberenae 96,646 MOOLS AGVUN ADI T'ON TIV SI SIHL A full list of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs ever, is perfectly safe in using any heater, and if he uses sufficient heaters and fuel there will be no question about his saving his crop. The com- mon lard pail, patented by no one, will save a crop from frost just as well as the most expensive heater on the mar- ket. It will require fifty per cent more fuel for the same amount of heat than some devices, while on the other hand it will give as much heat for each gal- lon of fuel consumed as some of the patented heaters, and it has one great advantage; being cheap, the grower is justified in using two or three times as many per acre as some of the more expensive patented heaters, and one of the first principles of orchard heating is that “there is no need of great heat locally, but for numerous small fires well distributed.” Now that heating has passed the experimental stage and the growers have learned to guard themselves against the deadbeats in the business, it is well to look at some of the minor but none the less important advantages of orchard heating. Years ago it was the general opinion that frost was con- fined to certain sections and _ that many of the most famous orchard dis- tricts were frost proof. This absurd theory has been abolished, and it is now acknowledged that no section of the United States is immune from frost, and that each and every fruit district will be in need of frost protection sooner or later. No one will deny that orchard heating is an advantage when Page 58 the frost comes, but in some sections the growers contend that they get a frost so seldom that the necessary equipment is too expensive in making the outlay when they may only require the protection once every ten years. It is true that there may not be a total failure of a crop for a number of years, but it is just as true that there is never a year when frost does not injure the crop to a sufficient degree to justify heating, and when heating would not mean the saving of dollars and cents to the grower. This past spring the growers who heated in Canon City, Colorado, district lighted their fires five or six times, the lowest tem- perature being twenty-six degrees. Although this temperature of cold was sufficient to kill a greater number of buds in the unheated area, there was a sufficient number of buds left to make a full fruit crop, and the casual observer walking through both the heated and unheated orchards at har- vest time can scarcely see any differ- ence in the orchards. Upon close inspection, however, the quality of the fruit in the protected orchards is far superior to that of the unheated orchards, and this is where the great advantage lies. In the sections where the frost was not great enough to destroy the entire crop it was found that the quality of the fruit in the unheated orchards was very inferior, the size being poor and the fruit misshapen, due to the fact that it was the tail end of the buds that made the crop, and it is a well known fact that the best and largest buds always make the first bloom, and it is this first bloom that is invariably killed by the late frosts. The fruit is found to be much more wormy, as the bloom does not come out at a uniform time, and it therefore makes spraying much more difficult. The difference is just as marked between an unheated and a heated orchard as it is between a thinned and an unthinned orchard or We have them. in good condition. Write us your wants. A Few Reliable Salesmen Wanted. BE DEERE a between a sprayed and an unsprayed orchard. It has also been found that where the bloom has not been sub- jected to a temperature below thirty- two degrees the fruit stems are very much stronger and the percentage of windfalls is fifty per cent less than the normal. It is acknowledged by those who have heated for the last four or five years that, not taking into considera- tion the danger of a crop failure, orchard heating will add to the profit of any orchard in the improved quality of the fruit alone to such an extent as to pay for the entire heating equip- ment in a single year. Summing up the whole question in a few words, no grower who claims to be operating his orchard on a scientific and modern basis can afford to neglect its equip- ment with frost fighting devices. The government statistics show that hun- dreds of millions of dollars have been lost in the past from frost, and the grower in the future who will have a profitable business from his orchard will be the one who equips to protect his fruit from the ravages of killing frosts. It is the safest and most prac- tical crop insurance that ever existed. Events of more than passing interest to fruit growers and fruit dealers throughout the country: American Apple Exposition, Denver, Colo- rado, November 12-18, Auditorium Building. Oregon Apple Show, Portland, Oregon, November 15-17. United States Land and Irrigation Exposi- tion, Coliseum, Chicago, Illinois, November 18 to December 9. National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, November 23-30. Nineteenth National Congress, Chicago, December 5-9. Northwest Land Products Show, St. Paul Auditorium, St. Paul, Minnesota, December 12-23. Irrigation WANTED—Good Housekeeping Magazine re- quires the services of a representative in the Northwest to look after subscription renewals and to extend circulation by special methods which have proved unusually successful. Sal- ary and commission. Previous experience de- sirable, but not essential. Whole time or spare time. Address, with references, J. F. Fair- banks, Good Housekeeping Magazine, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Non-Irrigated, Whole-Root Trees We pay freight and guarantee arrival PACIFIC NURSERY COMPANY, 1205 Yeon Bldg., Portland, Oregon Hood River Valley Nursery Company Route No. 3, Box 227 HOOD RIVER, OREGON Phone 325X Will have for spring delivery a choice lot of one-year-old budded apple trees on three-year-old roots, the very best yearlings possible to grow. Standard varieties from best selected Hood River bearing trees— Spitzenbergs, Yellow Newtowns, Ortleys, Arkansas Blacks, Gravensteins, Baldwins and Jonathans. All trees guaranteed first-class and true to name. Start your orchards right with budded trees from our nursery, four miles southwest from Hood River Station. WILLIAM ENSCHEDE, Nurseryman APPLES PEACHES PEARS H. S. BUTTERFIELD, President STRAWBERRIES In Car Lots THE HUMPHREYS COMMISSION CO. JOHN M. WALKER, President Wholesale Fruits and Produce 1516 to 1522 Market Street, Denver, Colo. Denver is a Good Market WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT November Tubbesing & Nelson ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA All Grades of BOX APPLES Our Specialty CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 1 and 2 Lambert-Sargeant Building Corner East Alder Street and Grand Avenue PORTLAND, OREGON W. VAN DIEM Lange Franken Straat 45, 47, 49,51and 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND European Receivers of American Fruits Eldest and First-Class House in This Branch Cable Address: W. Vandiem A BC Code used; 5th Edition Our Specialties are APPLES, PEARS AND NAVEL ORANGES Cc. M. SHAW ROY F. DEAN Dean & Shaw Electrical Supplies and Fixtures Scientific Electrical Construction Home Phone 3 Hood River, Oregon Nursery Stock Bargains In order to get away for the winter I will sell at a bargain the following lot of first grade nursery stock: 600 Yellow Newtowns 4000 Spitzenbergs 685 Northern Spy 1300 Red Cheek Pippins 300 Gravensteins 1500 Delicious 650 Winter Bananas Also a broken Jot Arkansas Black, Wil- son Red June and Yellow Transparent Apples, and a few hundred Comice, Win- ter Nelis, Bartlett and Beure Clairgeau Pears. Will make great reduction at wholesale. Bargains in large number of any one variety. Guaranteed true to name and free from pests. Splendid trees. Must sell before December first. M. E. POGUE U.S. National Bank Bldg., Salem, Oregon TOIL ——— a Jahborse} f j : ioe | t ‘gph BETTER FRUIT Page 50 “That's All— That is Enough” A RECORD that should be the most convincing proof to you of the quality of the trees produced by our nursery. THINK OF IT—shipped 3,000 miles, by freight, late in the season— planted late, in a different climate, a differ- ent soil thing else in the orchard. and ALL lived—outgrew every- IS THAT NOT SUFFICIENT PROOF OF QUALITY? REMEMBER also, that all of our trees are grown on whole roots, non-irrigated—are bred from the greatest producers and most vigorous trees in Hood River Valley. They are the most carefully grown and carefully packed trees that you can purchase. They are in every sense a Strictly thoroughbred, pedi- greed fruit tree. They cost no more, BUT THEY ARE THE KIND YOU NEED. Write for our illustrated catalogue and price list Hood River Standard Nursery Co. ’*Phone, Odell 8 X 2 HOOD RIVER, OREGON Branch Office, 401 Continental Trust Building, Baltimore, Maryland P. S.—We want a few good live salesmen to Orchard Heating An Established Fact By James L. Hamilton, President Hamilton Orchard Heater Company O longer is it a question. It is not a coming thing. It is already here, and a mighty healthy adjunct to the orchard industry. Thousands of fruit srowers have thoroughly tried it out and are today reaping the results in the way of fine crops of fruit selling at good prices. Many other growers in the same section show no crops as a result of frost damage. Many growers of Texas and other extremely windy sections were successful against most terrible odds, and saved not only the buds but the foliage and young wood on orange trees against temperatures as low as fourteen above zero and a wind of forty miles an hour by the use of the larger and more powerful equip- ment, raising the temperature ten and twelve degrees, which was necessary to save the orange trees from damage. In northern sections, where but a few degrees of frost and a light or no wind was realized, many were success- ful with less efficient equipment. The success of orchard heating against any weather condition yet realized is no longer disputed and is a fact when the proper methods are employed. It is now a matter of selecting the equip- ment of sufficient ability which, when handled with a fair degree of intelli- gence, will result in success. The most encouraging feature of the proposition is that the growers are. intelligently inquiring into the various features that make up the work. The storm forma- tion and its action as it traverses the country and its results on the local weather conditions are better under- stood by the grower. The formation and action of frost, the dispelling of it and the prevention of its damage and influence are better understood. The study of air drainage and its influ- ence on the orchard, the development of the fruit bud, the length of time of blooming and how much _ protection will be required at its different degrees of advancement are features of the science that are interesting the grower, resulting in the development of this important work along practical lines. It is now a question of protective meth- ods and what is the best. Experience has taught many a grower that some- thing better than the old obsolete method must be adopted. “Orchard heating ability” is a live subject, and the grower has already learned that his equipment must have the ability to give him a heat intensity and regu- larity equal to the frost intensity and regularity, and if it is otherwise he will suffer loss. He well knows that spraying, cultivating and _ irrigating will pay him returns largely in propor- tion to how thorough he is with the operation, but with orchard heating each operation must be_ effective represent us. against the frost of that particular night; in other words, a finished job. If he has not secured sufficient heat to protect the tender bud in bloom it will be killed. He may have been suc- cessful in maintaining a temperature rise of five degrees, the limit of his equipment, and if ten degrees of frost existed he will have lost his crop the same as though he had not lighted a pot. A few degrees of frost during the first week of bloom of a certain vari- ety might kill all the bloom then open, and if no frost were realized during the second. week of the bloom a full crop would result, as the bloom that came later was not far enough along to be damaged by the light frost that occurred the first week of the bloom- ing period. As a result of this condi- tion one grower may have _ heated during the first week of the bloom suc- cessfully and his neighbor who did not heat lost the bloom then out, but in both cases the bloom of the second week would make a crop. Such funda- mental questions are now better under- stood, and when a grower says that he did not heat and has as much fruit as his neighbor who did heat the state- ment is subject to investigation, and a very good reason will be found for the condition. The facts are that in the case above mentioned had a_ frost occurred during the second week of the blooming period when all the buds were out and the petals dropping from the bloom that opened the first week, in all probability all the buds on the Page 60 trees would be killed in the orchard — of the grower who did not heat, while the other grower would again protect the bloom and have a crop so large that he would have to thin the fruit. Now about orchard heating ability. We suggest that the ability of any device or system is best established by what it has done in the hands of the grower. We maintain that the court of final judgment on the ability of any device should be the grower, a man who has used the device, whether he is in windy Texas or California, or any of the vast territory lying between, and in which every known weather condi- tion has been successfully met where the proper equipment was used. It makes but little difference what the manufacturer may claim for his device, the grower should look carefully into what has been accomplished by any equipment before he invests. The grower must learn that the success of any orchard heating equipment lies in its ability to burn fuel. This does not mean burning a large amount of fuel continuously unless that be required, nor does it mean a restriction to burning only a small amount of fuel continuously. Orchard heater ability means its adaptability to burn just the amount of fuel required to provide the different degrees of heat for the differ- ent degrees of frost. This is common sense. It is the same scientific prin- ciple on which his furnace or heating stove is operated and by which his home is made comfortable against the different weather conditions of the CapiraL Stock $100,000 SurRPLus $22,000 First National Bank Hood River, Oregon F. S. Stantey, President J. W. Hinricus, Vice President E. O. Brancuar, Cashier V. C. Brock, Assistant Cashier ESPECIAL ATTENTION AND CARE GIVEN TO BUSINESS DEALS FOR NON-RESIDENT CUSTOMERS Thorough and Conservative Assets over $500,000 Savings Bank in connection BETTER FRUIT winter days. He will also learn that while a considerable amount of human effort is necessary to successfully accomplish this work that this human effort element is very much affected by the construction of the device or sys- tem that he employs and the one that most nearly eliminates the nerve- wrecking midnight work will be adopted. Wind is surely the enemy of the orchard heater and every grower should reckon this element in selecting his device and make the equipment so strong that no damage can result. He should and will profit by what growers have done in windy sections, and their experiences should be his text book in all his operations. We believe that it is only a question of a short time when orchard heating will be practiced more than any other operation in the fruit growing industry, and a grower is overlooking something if he delays in providing himself with this protection, which can be consid- ered only in the same light as insur- ance, for it means nothing else. It is profitable to note what leading horti- culturists are writing on this subject New Residents We are always pleased to extend courteous assistance to new residents of Hood River and the Hood River Valley by advising them regarding any local conditions within our knowl- edge, and we afford every convenience for the transaction of their financial matters. accounts are respectfully and cordially invited, and we guarantee satisfaction. department in connection. November as the result of their own experiences and investigations, and the bulletins of the day contain much of profit, and we therefore suggest that they be carefully read and compared. J. F. LITTOOY CONSULTING HORTICULTURIST Land, irrigation and orchard schemes exam- ined for owners, buyers, bonding companies or advertising agencies—Orchard and land values estimated — Orchard soils examined — Directs orchard development — Land damage claims estimated—All business confidential. MOUNTAIN HOME, IDAHO SALEM HEIGHTS NURSERY Royal Ann, Bing and Lambert Cherries, on true Mazzard roots, and guaranteed true to name, a specialty. Scions cut from selected bearing trees. Also a fine stock of Spitzen- berg, Yellow Newtown, Jonathan and Delicious Apples, Berry Vines and Bushes, and Choice Roses. Write what you want and I will quote you living prices. H. H. CROSS 532 N. Liberty St. SALEM, OREGON New Savings Hood River Banking and Trust Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON LADD & TILTON BANK Established 1859 Oldest bank on the Pacific Coast PORTLAND, OREGON Capital fully paid - Surplus and undivided profits’ - - $1,000,000 800,000 Officers: W. M. Ladd, President Edward Cookingham, Vice President W. H. Dunckley, Cashier R. S. Howard, Jr., Assistant Cashier J. W. Ladd, Assistant Cashier Walter M. Cook, Assistant Cashier INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS AND SAVINGS ACCOUNTS Accounts of banks, firms, corporations and individuals solicited. Travelers’ checks for sale, and drafts issued available in all countries of Europe. LESLIE BUTLER, President F. McKERCHER, Vice President TRUMAN BUTLER, Cashier Established 1900 Incorporated 1905 Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Capital fully paid $50,000 Surplus and profits over $50,000 INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS We give special attention to Good Farm Loans If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or if you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ror BETTER FRUIT Page 61 THE TROUTMAN ORCHARD HEATERS KNOWN WHEREVER FRUIT IS GROWN AND FROST DESTROYS Announcement—Season 1911-12 We are pleased to announce to our patrons and those interested in orchard heating that our campaign for the coming season is open. Our prices, which are lower for value received than any other orchard heater, are the same as last year. We are pleased to offer sizes as follows: No. 1 (Standard). ‘‘The-size that made the Troutman famous.’’ Holds five quarts, burns seven hours. The most practical size for general use. No. 114 (Standard). Same size as above but GALVANIZED AFTER MANUFACTURED. WARNING. Heaters made of galvanized iron and heaters gal- vanized after manufacturing are two different articles. The addi- tional cost over plain black iron heaters tells the story as te which method is used. Heaters galvanized AFTER MANUFACTURED are the only non-rustible and non-leakable heaters on the market today. Size No. 1 No. 2 (Intermediate). Holds seven quarts, burns ten hours. Removable and adjustable collar makes this size adjustable for any amount of heat or length of burning desired. No. 21% (Intermediate). Same size as No. 2, but GALVANIZED AFTER MANUFACTURED. The galvanized heaters are strongly recommended for damp or salt air climates. Lard Pails. For those desiring a low original cost there is nothing better. This heater will require 50% more fuel than the TROUTMAN, for the same amount of heat, but it is just as efficient as any other heater without the CENTER DRAFT combustion. Small Fruit Attachments. Send for information regarding our improve- ment on this attachment. COMPETITION We wish to announce to our patrons that we will have nothing to do with illegitimate competition. Our Company is on a firm business basis. It is not necessary for us to stoop to knocking our competi- tors to obtain business. This notice is reason sufficient for our failure in the future to reply to the many unscrupulous and unbusinesslike attacks of our competitors that will no doubt be made as they have been in the past. THE TROUTMAN ORCHARD HEATERS ARE BUILT ON HONOR AND SOLD ON HONOR. CENTER DRAFT The center draft feeds oxygen to the fuel, thus creating a greater heat for fuel consumed. Act quick, write us immediately for full information and price lists. Place your orders early and be assured of prompt deliveries. The Round Crest Orchard Heater Company CANON CITY, COLORADO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 62 @unreterences First, Our Customers Secondly, Our Bank n Unqualified ar: AN scm. \ Boos BETTER PRO ee \ % \, Results this machine obtained for the growers in handling their 1911 crops First—Reduced cost of packing Second—Inproved the quality and uniformity of the pack Third—NSolved the labor problem Schellenger Fruit Grading Machine Co. INCORPORATED 633-635 South Fourth West Street, Salt Lake City, Utah Modern Methods of Frost Prevention By E. B. McPherson of California HO a few years ago would have thought that the elements would some day be controlled or subjected to the will of man. The world has surely progressed, and as time goes on man will prove his mastery of things that today he now deems and holds unap- proachable. This great world of ours is slowly giving up its wealth, and the master minds of the human race are quickly learning the uses and values thereof and applying this knowledge to every branch of industry. Oil is produced in many sections of the United States, and the burning of the cheaper grades has made the vocation of the fruit grower a more pleasant and profitable one, for it has removed its greatest hazard—the loss of bud and young fruit by frost. The orchard heater is the develop- ment of many years of study and experiment, and has only in the past few years fully and completely justi- fied and proven its necessity as a frost repellant. It means insurance of fruit against frost. Insurance, straight insurance—that’s all. Many types of oil pots are on the market today, these devices being of every design and prin- ciple, but the originator of this great idea still stands head and shoulders above all others. “The Pioneer With- out a Peer!” Stop a moment and think of it. Can you imagine the full import of the meaning of this phrase? Do you realize the expense and long experi- ence so necessary to acquire this title of peer? Many years ago orchardists knew of no-methods to combat or pre- vent frost losses and they accepted these visitations of spring as a matter of course, but the more progressive of them learned that the finer grades of fruit were produced in sections where the winter temperatures were low and where there were occasional losses by spring frosts. This led to many experi- ments to raise or hold the temperature against such injury, and it has grown to be one of the most scientific branches of horticulture. The burn- ing of brush, straw and manure was used to create a smudge or heavy pall of smoke. This was for the purpose of preventing a rapid thaw at sunrise, FOR SALE—In consequence of the death of the proprietor, a gentleman’s residence, with about 10° acres of land, within 1144 miles of the Hood River railroad depot. The house, which is fully furnished, has large living room, dining room with built-in sideboard, kitchen, pantry, basement storeroom, hot and cold water, 6 bedrooms, 2 sleeping porches, bathroom and toilet. Of the land, 8 to 9 acres is planted with apple and other fruit trees, mostly 3 years old or upwards; beautiful lawn, outhouses, stable with bedroom, etc. The caretaker, Mr. Robert Bassett, will show the premises. Apply to G. Y. Edwards & Co., Hood River, Oregon, or The George Lawrence Company, Portland, Oregon. Success November IT HAS GIVEN EVERY PURCHASER ENTIRE SATISFACTION Our first machine was sold to the owner of the finest orchard in the New England states. He writes: Fitchburg, Mass. October 5, 1911 Schellenger Fruit Grading Machine Co. Dear Sirs — We have run your apple grader this year and it certainly has done fine work, relieving us entirely of the hard tedious work of the apple business— grading the fruit by hand. Success to you. (Sioned) A. A. MARSHALL but was found inadequate when the frost was a very heavy one or of long duration. The idea of using a number of fuel containing receptacles found favor with only the more bold, and they suffered many failures before they secured results that led them to believe that they were laboring in the proper course. To the persistent finally came success, and today the method is used universally throughout the land. No orchard today is con- sidered to be properly equipped unless it has the full complement of orchard heaters. The Frost Prevention Company of San Francisco pioneered this system of frost insurance, and today stands at the fore of orchard heating ‘manufac- turers. The Bolton Orchard Heater, the product of this company, has met the most severe tests and has emerged triumphant in every case, and through- out the whole West the Bolton is now looked upon as being the most essen- tial part of the growers’ equipment. The chances of frost damage are too great to allow him to jeopardize his crop income. He cannot afford to take a chance, for the annual expense in other lines of operating his orchard is much too great to overlook the loss that a few hours of frost will bring. Last spring, throughout the West, every fruit growing section suffered from frost, for the season was the most severe in a decade and the mone- tary loss was enormous. It would have been far greater—in fact almost IQII unparalleled in history—if orchard heaters had not been so generally used; and, in many of the more pro- ductive valleys, to these invaluable devices may be given the full credit for what fruit has been shipped this fall. The Rogue River Valley experi- enced the lowest temperatures in its history, and if orchard heating had not been practiced there on a broad and organized scale there would be no fruit shipped from that most famous section this year. The season was without precedent and the growers there are loud in their praise of orchard heating. This valley is similar to many others and bears the same relative position as far as the suscep- tibility to frost damage is concerned. Why should the commercial grower of today take a chance? ‘True, the expenditure to meet the cost of instal- lation is considerable, but, this having been met and the cost of maintenance being brought to the minimum, it can- not be considered an expense in view of the service rendered. The Bolton Orchard Heater is the most perfect in construction, is the lowest in price of any heater on the CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS BOX APPLES Box Pears Box Peaches Largest handlers of box fruit in this territory. Best modern storage facili- ties. Reliable market reports. Top Prices Prompt Returns E. H. SHAFER & CO. 212 Coleman Building Louisville, Kentucky exceptionally fine. A POSTAL WILL “Better Fruit” BRING OUR PRICES DONALD NURS ERY CO., Donald, Oregon BEARER RULE See Our Special Clubbing Offers on another page of this issue COMBINATIONS ARE OFFERED TO INTEREST EVERY CLASS OF READERS market today; it has the greatest fuel economy, and on a given quantity of oil will burn a longer time and gen- erate a heat so subtile that little is lost. These are the points first con- sidered by the prospective purchaser, and usually he gives first cost the greatest consideration, then follows reflection on cost of operation and maintenance. “The Pioneer Without a Peer.” Well said, for the Bolton was in the field many years ago, and was first known as the “California Oil Pot,” and afterwards was the “Fresno.” It antedates its competitors many years, and being first on the market is the most simple and most easily operated of any. Many improvements have been made of late years and these are strongly covered by patent. Many authorities disagree as to the number of heaters required per acre to give the best results, but the experience of the writer has covered many years, and the installation of one hundred per acre has proven most satisfactory. When this number is recommended, it is when the trees are of age and size, for the branches and foliage assist in holding the heat, but where they are SOUTHERN OREGON NURSERIES YONCALLA, OREGON No Agents Prices Wholesale GENERAL NURSERY STOCK PROPAGATORS Stock clean and true. Budded or grafted from bearing trees E. P. DREW Consulting Horticulturist 30 years in business DONALD GROWN NURSERY STOCK That is what you want, because our stock of fruit and ornamental trees is Our fruit trees were propagated from buds taken from bearing orchards; they are vigorous, healthy, and above all true to name; that stocky body, grown on whole roots, makes them an ideal tree to plant. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT is always in the front Page 63 to be used in a young orchard the number necessary will naturally be greater on account of the lack of tree growth. Experience has shown that a greater number of small heaters will give better results than a fewer num- ber of large ones, producing a larger flame and heat. Philosophy teaches us that heat rises, and the greater this heat the faster it will rise. The primary idea is to concentrate and hold the heat produced, and the neces- sity of having a small, slow burning, even generating, heat producing fire is POST CARDS Mail us 50 cents in stamps and we will forward to your address 25 souve- nir post cards of Hood River Valley and Columbia River scenery, conceded to be the most picturesque scenery in the world. HOOD RIVER POST CARD CO. Box 153, Hood River, Oregon Fairbanks-Morse Spraying Outfit SAVES FRUIT KILLS INSECTS You must spray to secure perfect fruit. Use a Fairbanks-Morse high pressure sprayer and do the work quickly and thoroughly. The above 1-H. P. Gasoline Engine Outfit will supply three 4%-inch Vermo- ral Spray Nozzles at 200-lbs. pressure which is the pressure required for effec- tive spraying for scale diseases The “Deluge” pump gives steady pressure. Entire outfit compact, strong and easily moved about the orchard. Will give splendid service for years. Our Catalog No. SF1233 describes this and larger outfits and tells just when spray- ing should be done. Write for copy to day Fairbanks-Morse & Co. PORTLAND, SEATTLE, SPOKANE Page 64 in good condition. the spring. Members of the International Apple Shippers Association We use Revised Economy Code The F. J. Pomeroy Co. 84 DETROIT ST. Milwaukee, Wis. Branch at Medina, N. Y. RECEIVERS AND DISTRIBUTORS Apples, Fruits, Potatoes Melons and Cabbage Provisions and Grain CAR LOTS A SPECIALTY We handle 200 carloads of Apples and better per Season ESTABLISHED 1877 Potter & Williams 144, 146, 148 Michigan Street BUFFALO, N. Y. Can handle a few cars Fancy Apples to advantage Correspondence Solicited Hood River Grown Nursery Stock for Season 1911-12 Standard Varieties. Prices Right and Stock First Class C. D. THOMPSON, Drain Tile Most Important Investment for the tiller of the soil Hood River, Oregon Write for prices and free booklet Lang & Bullock, Inc. 601 Beck Building PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TERMINAL IGE AND COLD STORAGE CO. A COLD STORAGE PLANT, MODERN THROUGHOUT, AT THIRD AND HOYT STREETS, PORTLAND, OREGON Fruit growers or apple growers and dealers of the Western markets in and around Portland, who have watched the markets closely for the past few years, have learned that in the spring there is always a good demand for apples, and that they usually bring good prices if they are There is only one way to keep them in good con- dition for spring consumption, and that is to put them in cold storage. We offer the best of cold storage facilities in the city of Portland and solicit correspondence from all the associations and fruit growers in general who want to store fruit in the fall or early winter to be used in Write us and we will give you further particulars. TERMINAL ICE AND COLD STORAGE CO. THIRD AND HOYT STREETS, PORTLAND, OREGON BETTER FRUIT apparent, for where the heat produced is great (as would be by a large fire) the efficiency of the method is low and much of the heat is wasted, and more so when the temperature is lowest. The average grower is inclined to take a chance, and he feels that his investment has a fixed value, but to have that value it must be a con- sistent producer. The next season’s frosts cannot be forecasted as to their severity or number, and who knows but that the coming spring may be without parallel and that the worst is yet to come. To be fore-armed and then to await its coming with every confidence as to the outcome will be a source of great relief and satisfaction to the fully equipped grower. Will it pay? Beyond any question of a doubt, for the cost of complete installation will not be as great as may be supposed when compared with the annual cost of caring for the trees as they should be and are in the commercial orchard of today. And in the event of repeti- tion of last spring the crop will be short and the market good and strong, so the protected grower will be the gainer in every way. But he may say that the frosts of last spring so crippled him that he is now unable to meet the expenditure and that he will purchase next year. But if he sees a beautiful set of bloom go in the same old way—then what? Now is the time to do it, for there is no time like the present. Give the matter every consideration. Don’t procras- tinate. The possibilities of the orchard heater are without limit, for with their liberal use many acres of land now considered valueless for fruit culture will be made famous producers. Air drainage will not be given the thought and concern now so necessary, and the many valley bottoms so rich in soil values will be made to produce an abundance of their sweetest and best. But a short time will have passed and many orchards that for years have given no yield whatever because of their unfavorable location will be made dividend earners. So spare these trees, sell the axes and put the money into orchard heaters and oil, for the methods of modern science will pre- vail and correct many of the mistakes of primitive horticulture. APPLES We want the best the market provides FLIEGLER & CO. ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA Members St. Paul Board of Trade Let us keep you posted on the St. Paul market November It will pay you THINGS WE ARE AGENTS FOR Knox Hats Alfred Benjamin & Co.’s Clothing Dr. Jaeger Underwear Dr. Deimel Linen Mesh Underwear Dent’s and Fownes’ Gloves Buffum & Pendleton 311 Morrison Street Portland, Oregon Get Catalog and Price List 420 acres devoted to nursery purposes THE WOODBURN NURSERIES Established 1863 by J. H. Settlemier GROWER OF CHOICE Nursery Stock F. W. SETTLEMIER, Woodburn, Ore. Orchard Tract Ten acres rich orchard land in famous Rogue River Valley. Write for descrip- tion and price. CHAS. E. HICKS. Independence, Oregon. Constable & Morgan BROKERS Los Angeles, California WE HAVE THE C-A-S-H BUYERS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII Mr. PLANTER: Weare ready to serve you when you are ready to buy your BETTER FRUIT TREES We can satisfy you both as to QUALITY and PRICE. Our trees have the highest possible developed ROOT SYSTEM and are TRUE TO NAME. Send for Catalog and Prices Yakima and Columbia River Nursery Co. NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON Salesmen wanted STORAGE Ship your Furniture to us to be stored until you are located Transfer & Livery Co. Hood River, Oregon RICHARDSON-HOLMES & LAMB CO., Inc. Wholesale Fruit and Produce Largest Distributors of APPLES in Southern California 1200-2-4-6-8-10 Produce Street LOS ANGELES Nursery Catalog Write for terms OPEN FOR SETTLEMENT Orchard Lands, Irrigated No Cash Payment Required We need settlers—not their money. Irrigated orchard tracts in the famous Rogue River Val- ley, Southern Oregon; prairie land, ready for the plow; no timber, no rocks. Water now on the ground. Unequaied for productiveness and climate. This proposition, and financial stand- ing of company, indorsed by national banks, leading business men and financial agencies. Only irrigation company in the Northwest per- mitting settlers to make the land pay for itself. We also sell improved orchard tracts on small monthly, semi-annual and annual payments to those who are unable to make residence at the present time. Send for illustrated descriptive matter. ROGUELANDS INCORPORATED, 1018 Chamber of Commerce Building, Portland, Oregon, or Medford, Oregon. Page 65 Car Lots Broker and Distributor of Apples, Pears Peaches, Prunes Now distributing for the largest deciduous shippers of Northern Cal- ifornia, also agent for Chase & Co., packers, Florida. R. H. WYTHE 809 North Fourth Street ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI VEHICLES AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS THE BEST OF ORCHARD AND GARDEN TOOLS A SPECIALTY GILBERT IMPLEMENT CO. HOOD RIVER, OREGON CHICO NURSERY COMPANY GROWERS OF High Class Nursery Stock The best that good soil, care, skill and long experience can produce Write us for prices on Grape Vines, Cherries, Apples, Peaches, Pears, Nut Trees, Ornamental Shade Trees, Flowering Shrubs and Roses Peach Seed For Sale. Catalogue Free CHICO NURSERY COMPANY, Chico, California NEW, HANDSOME, INSTRUC- TIVE, UP-TO-DATE i Describing Fruitand Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Berry Plants, ete. Free on request. Write now, mentioning this paper J. B. PILKINGTON, NurserymMan, PorTLAND, OREGON Deal Direct and Save Agents Commission We offer a full line of fruit trees grown on whole-root stock; Our prices are sure to interest you. roses, etc. P. S.—Enclose this ad IF YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT OREGON SUBSCRIBE FOR THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN The largest commercial magazine in the West Devoted to upbuilding Oregon and the Pacific Northwest SUBSCRIBE NOW, $1.50 PER YEAR ADDRESS THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN Davin N. Mosessoun, Publisher Suite 616 Chamber of Commerce Building PORTLAND, OREGON also nut trees, small fruits, Catalog and price list on application Lafayette Nursery Co., Lafayette, Oregon Trt CHERRY GITY NURSERIES Claim their trees are the best, their prices right, and solicit your patronage for their fine line of Apple, Pear, Peach, Prune and Plum Trees and small fruits. Also ornamental trees and shrubs. Special attention given to roses. Send for catalogue and price list. J. H. LAUTERMAN, Salem, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT AUSTIN TEXAS FINKS BROKERAGE COMPAN We are brokers only, selling to exclusive jobbing trade through Central and Southern Texas. Our traveling men get results. Let us sell your apples for you. Your correspondence solicited. FINKS BROKERAGE COMPANY BUY NOW ws’ TREES PEACH APPLE They occupy land that must be cleared PRICES EXTREMELY LOW Also several thousand California Privet and Carolina Poplars cheap WRITE TODAY FOR BARGAINS M. BARNES’ NURSERIES (College Hill) CINCINNATI, OHIO Apple and Pear Root Grafts of highest quality made to order Established in 1855 At it 56 years WHOLE ROOT TREES Are the only kind to set. Now is the time to make arrangements for your next fall’s requirements. We have a large, full line, and ask that you correspond with us. CARLTON NURSERY CO. CARLTON, OREGON Page 66 BETTER FRUIT November “BILLY BUSTER” The Great Boys’ Shoe duty of two. Give your boy a SOLID FOUNDATION —buy him a pair of “Billy Buster” shoes. “Billy Buster” shoes are built for boys by men who once were boys and know what boys do and what they need. “Billy Buster” shoes please the boy because they look well, wear well, feel well—please the father because they outlast the growing boy — make the price of one pair do the Its a saving proposition for you to connect with “Billy Buster.” Made in all sizes, styles and shapes Tell us the name of the shoeman who can’t show you a “Billy Buster” The Washington |\Shoe Mfg. Seattie - U.S.A. {2 Western Montana as A Fruit Growing Region By A. J. Breitensen ONTANA’S development and the rush of people to secure some of her fertile lands have never been equalled in the history of any new sec- tion of the United States. Her prime steers, fat lambs and fine horses, the finished product of her pioneer indus- try, has attracted the attention of the world and demonstrated the fact that her soil had the power of producing feed par excellence. Grain growing followed in the natural trend of devel- opment until today Montana is pointed to as being the future wheat field of this great galaxy of states. J. J. Hill, after visiting many expositions, said at Helena, when addressing the multi- tude in attendance at Montana’s state fair, “that Montana’s exhibit of agri- cultural products was of a character that could not be obtained in any state or province on this continent.” Every grain, vegetable and fruit that grows west of the Ohio River grows luxuri- antly in Montana. When we speak of fruit our first thoughts are directed toward the apple, the king of fruit. Well, it should be recognized king of fruits because it is the oldest and is the only fruit alluded to in the Garden of Eden (land of delight), and-the one fruit that traces back to the prehistoric ruins about the lakes of Switzerland. The area of the world devoted to success- ful apple growing is limited. In the Eastern hemisphere it extends from Scandinavia on the north through the temperate zone to the south. In the Southern hemisphere apples are grown in Tasmania and New Zealand, but in South America and Australia little suc- cess has been achieved. North America is the apple producing region of the world, and while it is true that the eastern part of the United States has produced more apples in the past than any other section, it is a fact that the industry has gradually moved west- ward, as did emigration, until today the East is obliged to come to the North- west for its supply of apples. Never in the history of any industry was there such a manifest change in this respect as was found at the open- ing of the present century. The small home orchard of the East has passed into history. The farmers of the East no longer devote time and attention to the orchard, hence the insect pests and fungous diseases have driven out and destroyed the home orchard. There are probably more acres of orchard today than at the close of the last decade, but apple growers will have to plant extensively for the next five years in order to meet the demands of our own people, while the foreign a te lis v ‘ aN trade is increasing with astonishing rapidity. In 1896 the apple crop of the United States was about 69,000,000 bar- rels, in 1900 nearly 48,000,000, in 1906 38,000,000 barrels, in 1908 23,000,000 barrels, and in 1909 estimated at about 36,000,000 barrels; yet the population Are You Interested in guaranteed, high-grade nursery stock? Does it make any difference to you what quality of stock you plant? We know it - does, and for that reason we feel certain that you will consider the Toppenish Nursery Company before placing your order. Our trees are guaranteed, and they have no equal. Let us figure with you on your this season’s needs. We have this year, due to exceptionally favorable growing con- ditions, the finest lot of stock you ever saw, the kind of stock that grows from the day it’s planted. We are needing a few live salesmen to take exclusive charge of good territory in various sections of the Northwest. Write us for our terms to salesmen. Toppenish Nursery Company Toppenish, Washington Unsurpassed Nursery Stock grown in the famous Yakima Valley WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 67 Arcadia Irrigated Orchards The Largest Irrigated Orchard Project in the Northwest Arcadia is located twenty-two miles from Spokane. Our soil is rich and deep, entirely free from gravel, rock and alkali. Gravity irrigation, excellent transportation, ideal climate, no dust or sand storms. OUR PLAN: We plant, cultivate, irrigate, spray, prune and care for the orchard for four years. Water free. Real estate taxes paid for five years. Over 4,000 acres is now planted to winter apples. You may remain at your present occupation while your orchard is brought to bearing, or, if desired, move onto the land at once. TERMS: $125.00 first payment secures five acres; $250.00 first payment secures ten acres; balance monthly. Eight years in which to pay for your orchard. Write for literature. ARCADIA ORCHARDS COMPANY, Spokane, Washington has increased greatly in that time. The increase of population alone in the last fifteen years could eat the entire apple crop of 1909 and not have one bar- rel each, while the other 60,000,000 people of the United States would not get a single apple. That the over- production of good apples is near at hand nobody need have any fear. There will always be a market for the best apples, and that is what Montana can grow. As the population increases so does the demand increase, and the available orchard land proportionately decreases. Factors necessary for a fruit section are climate, soil, water, transportation facilities and freedom from _ pests. Fruit has been grown in Montana for fifty years, hence the experimental stage was passed long ago. The orchard sections of Montana well deserve the title, “The home of opportunity.” The beautiful mountain scenery, the life-giving atmosphere, the purest of water and soil unex- celled in fertility, which develops an orchard in five years’ time that is a The apple is the king of fruits. Our apples are kings of apples. We are apple specialists. We sell the very best apples at very attrac- tive prices. Fine Eating Apples Cooking Apples Special Purpose Apples Carefully packed in boxes or barrels. Remember, apples are staple goods, but we have made them a specialty. We wish to handle the output of fruit associations as well as shippers. It will pay you to get in touch with us. Sutton Brothers Wholesale Fruit Dealers COLUMBUS, OHIO source of profit, is an opportunity long sought for by the lover of a beautiful home with a comfortable income. If the present orchard development in Montana continues for five years, or until the available orchard lands are utilized, the value of the output of the mines would sink into insignificance when compared with the value of one fruit crop. The climate of Western Montana affords every advantage to fruit growing. The clear atmosphere and absence of humidity rob the sum- mer heat of that oppressiveness and destroys the ideal condition for the development of fungous diseases. Loca- tion of mountain ranges and canyons creates a mountain breeze that regu- lates the temperature and tends to pre- vent frost injury. Lower altitudes are always more frosty. Any portion of Montana not above 5,000 feet can grow some kind of fruit, and, other condi- tions being favorable, apples will thrive at 4,500 feet above sea level. Better, clearer color is formed than in lower altitudes, and with color goes quality. On the western slope the fruit belt extends north to the Cana- dian boundary, but on the eastern side of the mountains it lies further south, extending to the Wyoming line. The soil varies from a decomposed granite to a rich sand or gravelly loam and volcanic ash. The surface is naturally undulating, which makes’ drainage ideal. In some places it is more favor- able for certain varieties than in others, but every foot of ground in the “PEDIGREED DOGS WITH BRAINS” One of the finest litters of Airedale Terriers ever bred on the Pacific Coast is now ready for delivery. Sired by ““Kootenai Admiral’ ex “Clipstone Sun- beam,’’ whelped May 20. The Airedale is the most useful dog living and the ideal dog for the country home. Males $25.00, females $20.00. I refund your money if you are not satisfied. C.W. J. RECKERS, Klickitat Kennels, On the Bluff White Salmon, Washington WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT fruit sections, when properly planted and judiciously watered by cultivation or irrigation, will grow fruit of high quality. Montana’s soil and sunshine is producing most astonishing results. When a person becomes acquainted with soil conditions in the fertile val- leys the next question invariably is about the water supply. No section of the entire Northwest is_ better watered than is Western Montana. In many places sub-irrigation, with good cultivation, is sufficient to develop any crop, while the mountain streams in the numerous canyons afford ample water for many times the acreage of the valleys. It is esential in seeking a location for profitable fruit growing to consider the railroad facilities and opportuni- ties for reaching the great outside markets. Montana is crossed by the three great railroad systems, the Great Northern, the Northern Pacific and the The PARIS FAIR Hood River’s largest and best store Retailers of EVERYTHING TO WEAR Agents for HAMILTON & BROWN AND THE BROWN SHOES HART, SCHAFFNER & MARX CLOTHES MANHATTAN SHIRTS JOHN B. STETSON HATS NEMO CORSETS Strictly Cash—One Price to All ORCHARDIST SUPPLY HOUSE FRANZ HARDWARE CO. Hood River, Oregon Page 68 Chicago, Milwaukee & Puget Sound, while the Oregon Short Line gives a direct outlet to the south. The wagon roads are good in the developed sec- tions, affording beautiful automobile drives in different directions, making transportation facilities for the fruit grower ideal. In many places there is a gradual slope from the orchards to the railroad, and the load hauled is measured by the strength of the wagon. As an enterprise develops competi- tion becomes stronger and its enemies increase, hence the fruit pests won the battle in the East and drove the indus- try westward, finally centering in the Northwest. True certain climatic con- ditions favor the development of pests, as do others retard it, but they have the same power of acclimating them- selves as have plants and other animal life. Wherever fruit is grown to any extent, or for any length of time, fruit pests will follow, and today no devel- oped section of the Northwest is abso- lutely free from fruit pests, but they are so controlled that the damage done is ata minimum. This is the condition in Montana; the pests are controlled, which almost guarantee success to the apple grower. Strawberries, blackberries, raspber- ries, gooseberries and currants all thrive in the soils and climate of Mon- tana, and yield bountiful crops. The berries are large, of delicate flavor and very attractive in color; any of them are money makers, and men can be cited who have netted from $500 to $1,000 per acre. The time has come when fruit growing is not a rich man’s diversion, and a small orchard, well cultivated and cared for, is better than a thousand-acre ranch _ indifferently tilled. President Roosevelt once said, “A five-acre tract of irrigated land would support a family and keep it busy;” and this is true of the fruit ranches of Montana. How often, when we follow the careers of our great men—statesmen or financiers—do we find that their boyhood days were spent on the farm; and in after years, when they have reached their zenith of success, their retrospective moments take them back to the acres of mother earth and their longings are for the country home. He dreams of it until at last he holds the title to a piece of land, where he plants the apple trees, BARNETT BROS. BETTER FRUIT November Authentic Information REGARDING HOOD RIVER VALLEY We will be glad to furnish you with full details of our valley and give you a list of what we have for sale in improved and unimproved land. At the present time we have some desirable buys. you literature on request. Reference: Will send Any bank or business house in Hood River. Guy Y. Edwards & Co., Agents HOOD RIVER, OREGON from which to pluck the luscious fruit that alone satisfies the cravings of that appetite handed down to him through generations, from that first garden in which the apple was the king of fruits. It is said that one day as Henry Ward Beecher was strolling through an apple orchard he fell in love with an apple tree, and from the pulpit the fol- lowing Sunday said: “An apple tree in full bloom is like a message sent from earth to heaven of purity and beauty. We walk around it reverently and admiringly. Homely, as it ordi- narily is, yet now it speaks of the munificence of God better than any other tree. The oak proclaims strength and rugged simplicity. The pine is a solitary, stately fellow. Even in the forest each tree seems alone and has a sad Castilian-like pride. The elm is a prince; grace and pride are on its head. But none of them speak such thoughts of abundance, such prodigal and munificent riches, such lavish, unsparing generosity as this same plain and homely apple tree. The very glory of God seems resting upon it. It is a little inverted hemisphere, like that above it; and it daily mimics with bud and bloom the stars that nightly blos- som out in the darkness above it. Though its hours of glory are short, into it is concentrated a magnificence which puts all the more stately trees into the background. If men will not admire it insects and birds will.” Undoubtedly this will be scanned by many people in the Far East who yearn for some of Montana’s rich land, 159 South Water Street CHICAGO A Minute’s Talk with Western Fruit Associations, particularly those dealing in Apples, Cantaloupes and Peaches, are invited to corres- pond with us. Weare able to put before you a plan for marketing your output in a manner satisfactory to you and mutually profitable. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT yet are not prepared to make the ven- ture. For those certain difficulties have been removed. There are com- panies who sell five to ten acres, or larger tracts, plant the trees, care for the orchards until they reach the bear- ing age, then deliver them to the orig- inal purchaser. Montana, think of it! It brings to your mind the picture of magnificent mountain ranges with their snowy peaks reaching heavenward. The miles and miles of waving grain, the orchards with trees bending to the earth laden with fruit of exquisite tints and luscious flavor, of pure air, pure water and bright sunshine. Almost the whole world knows of Hood River as a place that produces the best fruits, and all of Hood River Valley should know, and could know, that there is one place in Hood River, under the firm name of R. B. Bragg & Co., where the people can depend on getting most reliable dry goods, cloth- ing, shoes and groceries at the most reasonable prices that are possible. Try it. Car Lots Our Specialty John B. Cancelmo 127 DOCK STREET PHILADELPHIA FANCY BOX APPLES WELL WORK The undersigned is thoroughly prepared to put down open wells. Has a complete outfit, including pipe cutting and fitting tools. Can put in water systems and give estimates on same. A. E. NECUS The Dalles, Oregon Y (a) Aa eas co \ CZ vf “4 BEG ERMERO LY Page 69 LZ, ee % WwW ARE WITHIN 2 300 Mites oF 25,000,000 Peopte VIRGINIA APPLES are rapidly acquiring a world-wide reputation. They have sold this year at $2 to $3 per bushel box, and it only costs 10 cents per box in freight charges to put them into market. NO IRRIGATION NECESSARY Virginia’s average rainfall is 45 inches. Our climate is unsurpassed, with no extremes of heat or cold. Streams and springs flow everywhere, and clear, cold, crystal water abounds throughout this section. CONVENIENCES AND ADVANTAGES Schools and churches are convenient and well equipped. Our rural agricultural high schools are equal to the best in the Union. Rural mail delivery and telephones serve all country districts. Low taxes, with abundant supplies of building material and labor at reasonable prices. Only twelve hours to New York City by fast passenger train service, and we are within three hundred miles of twenty-five million population. WHY PAY $200.00 PER ACRE When you can secure apple land at $15.00 per acre that is the equal of the higher priced land in every respect? We challenge your investigation of this very broad statement. pave Below are cited two instances of property now on the market. There are dozens of others similar to them. 129 ACRES, $20 PER ACRE 6,000 ACRES, $5.50 PER ACRE High grade apple land, two miles from Stuart’s 6,000 acres fruit and grazing land in South- Draft, Virginia, and overlooking the town. Lies west Virginia. Fertile soil, well adapted to nicely; well water and well drained. Every foot apples and other fruits, also fine grazing or available for orchard. In the celebrated Shenan- winter wheat land. Altitude about 3,000 feet. doah Valley—right at the largest apple shipping Cut-over land, with plenty of good timber still station in Virginia. Bargain at this price. standing. : Write for our Special Bulletin of large undeveloped tracis suitable for orchard purposes. WHY NOT INVESTIGATE THE OLD DOMINION? You will like it here. The delightful atmosphere and the charming social environment that prevails everywhere in this Southern section are particularly noticeable in Virginia. Our good roads, fine schools and churches, congenial neighbors and delightful climate all make life worth living, and we want to have the opportunity of welcoming you here in the Old Dominion. ; This opportunity, due to special causes, is rapidly passing by. Prices are rising and it would be well for you to investigate while prices are extremely low. ; Write now, while you think of it, for beautifully illustrated Quarterly Maga- zine, “THE SOUTHERN HOMESEEKER,” illustrated booklet “Virginia, the Home of the Apple,” and a large assortment of other attractive literature, with maps, excursion rates, ete. appress F, H. LA BAUME, acricuLTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL AGENT NORFOLK & WESTERN RAILWAY, BOX 3,047, ROANOKE, VIRGINIA WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 70 BETTER FRUIT November D. CROSSLEY & SONS Established 1878 APPLES FOR EXPORT California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Florida fruits. Apples handled in all European markets. Checks mailed from our New York office same day apples are sold on the other side. We are not agents ; we sell apples. We make a specialty of handling APPLES, PEARS AND PRUNES on the New York and foreign markets. Correspondence solicited. 200 to 204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK INTE WY NY UR IK IL IOW 13 IRI ©) © Ib LONDON GLASGOW LEO UJFFY New Orleans, Louisiana Successor to APPEL & UJFFY The largest wholesale exclusive Fruit and Fancy Vegetable Firm in the South IMPORTERS, RECEIVERS, JOBBERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS Correspondence solicited “Northwest” “Northwest” trees trees are best are best Wie have for the coming season a complete line of NURSERY STOCK Including everything handled in the nursery line Write for our new prices and catalog NORTHWEST NURSERY CO. North Yakima, Washington AGENTS WANTED ——<<$$__ APPLES FRUIT sets. and darabl e. R.H. PENNINGTON & CO. Incorporated | | ssbscriners. BOX f \ P demand the Main Office, EVANSVILLE, INDIANA GQrvsrers Tyas” Branches—St. Louis, Missouri; Owensboro, Kentucky; CAN MAKE TWO CARLOADS DAILY Vincennes, Indiana; Paducah, Kentucky Washington Mill Co. A P P L. i= S Wholesale an a Spokane, Washington WE SPECIALIZE ™ ~~ Ridley, Houlding & Co. ES Pp Pp iE EK S Je GARDEN, oe WE WANT TO REPRESENT THE GROWERS OF BETTER FRUIT. We know that our BETTER METHODS of selling will bring BETTER RESULTS A Trial Solicited All Shipments Receive Personal Attention WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQTI JEN D IN oes Jeep WEIL, TURNBULL & CO. DETROIT, MICHIGAN NINTH LARGEST CITY IN THE UNITED STATES Will sell your goods at auction or at private sale. pany here and will guarantee best possible results and prompt remittance. plate doing business in Detroit. connection. We have a large interest in the United Fruit Auction Com- Correspond with us if you contem- We will furnish references that will justify you in making us your Detroit LIBERAL ADVANCES MADE HOVT'S TREE SUPPORT The Propless Prop that requires no attention after once being set in No Poles Required fF . oo T° es and Vines Over three million in use in California. For All Orchards, Tre Better than poles, and far cheaper SPECIAL TRIAL ORDER Send for 18 of our 2-inch size, postage prepaid, for $1.00. Try them and you will see how badly you have needed them Prices F. 0. B. Ashland 50 for $1.75; 100 for $2.50; 1000 for $16.00 Cash with Order 100 for 32.75; 1000 for $18.50 G. W. BASSETT, Ashland, Ore. The Charpitting Method of Destroying Stumps By W. H. Lawrence, Expert Hood River Apple Growers’ Fellowship Association HARPITTING method of destroy- ing stumps is one of the oldest. It has not come into general use, since conditions under which charpitting will take place are seldom ideal, and since the variable physical condition of the soils and stumpage is such as could not be desired for the best suc- cess. The method works well in most soils having a good percentage of clay, but where the soil will cave in when the wood is consumed, as is the case in nearly all sandy soils, far less satis- factory results are secured. Briefly, charpitting consists in piling a ring of kindling around the base of a stump, covering the same to a depth of about six inches with sod, except an open- ing, preferably on the windward side, where the fire will be started. Later this opening or vent is closed. This should not be done, however, until the kindling is all burning. After the fire is completely covered it should be and must be confined until the charring has been completed. The methods of burning in clay and in sandy soils vary somewhat. In all cases it is best to remove the bark from the crown as low as the kindling is placed, so that the kindling will be in contact with the wood. In clay soils the usual plan is to place the kindling around the stump at the surface, as explained, but in sandy soils a narrow trench several inches in depth is dug around the base, Mount Arbor Nurseries E. S. WELCH, Proprietor 133 Center Street, SHENANDOAH, IOWA Apple Seedlings — Fine stock, all grades; grown on new land and free from disease Japan Pear Seedlings Bing, Lambert and Napoleon Cherries, one-year We have superior storage facilities. and carry a large assortment of stock in storage for winter shipments Make a specialty of Complete Line of General Nursery Stock Would be pleased to QUOTE YOUR WANTS WIHIEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT the bark removed to the depth of the trench, after which the kindling is put in place and the covering placed over it. It is necessary to use an artificial covering under such conditions, since sod from sandy soil, in burning, allows the sand to run in, putting out the fire. Mixing clay with sandy soil gives the desired result, and such a practice can be recommended where clay soil can be had at a reasonable cost of time and labor. Some experiments have been conducted in using an artificial covering of cool ashes, and with con- siderable success. Trials have also been made with fuel oil mixed with sawdust and a small amount of kin- dling covered with various natural and artificial coverings, and with various degrees of success. Concerning the charpitting method, it must be said that the best success is met with where well drained clay soils of considerable depth occur, that do not become loose and powdery when heated. Under soil conditions where stumps will burn out to a good depth and the larger roots are consumed to a depth of several feet, leaving a tunnel in the soil, thus marking its course,- the method can be said to be pre-emi- nently practical, and especially so where money is not available for land clearing by the more rapid and expensive methods, such as using a stump burner, a stump pulling device, Why Bother with Irrigation P ASK PHOENIX LUMBER CO. SPOKANE, WASH. ABOUT Cut Over Lands YOU CAN BUY CHEAP November BE Piha hws Rogue River Valley Fruit Ranch This 280 Acre Tract only $28,000—Terms About 60 acres commercial pears 1 and 2 years old; about 72 each. About 10 acres Spitzenberg and Newtown apples, mostly 2 years old. About 10 acres Crawford and Elberta peaches, mostly 2 years old. About 2 acres mixed family bearing orchard. About 10 acres alfalfa and for garden truck and potatoes, under irrigation, and about 10 acres more to be gotten ready for such. Eighteen Months Pear Tree Corn Between Rows Subirrigated Soil References by permission: Excellent Irrigation Water Right Springs and Creek on the Property A. N. PARSONS, Real Estate, Grants Pass, Oregon First National Bank; Grants Pass Banking and Trust Company powder or a donkey engine. It should also be understood that in places where soil conditions are favorable the con- dition of the stumps themselves are variable, the green and solid usually burning most readily, while the decay- ing ones, and especially those with water-soaked tops and crown, burn slowly or refuse to burn at all. The water contained in a soil also has a very decided influence on the rate of burning. Some of the very wet areas of clay land cannot be cleared by this method until drained, owing to the seepage or prevalence of springs, which keep the soil completely filled with water. In a large series of observations it was evident that the roots of stumps are never destroyed in sandy soils, since as soon as the fire burns below the ground line the soil caves in, smothering out the fire. Even under such conditions the method cannot be condemned, since by properly digging the trench around the stump to a good depth and giving it the proper slope so that caving in will not occur, the crown is consumed and the roots separated, allowing them to be quite readily removed with some _ pulling device, stumping powder or dug out, as is done in many cases. From what has been said one would no doubt con- clude that charpitting is to be consid- ered one of the chief methods of destroying large stumps in certain types of soils, and that it can be modi- fied to meet conditions in sandy soils. It can also be said that where the method is at all serviceable that it should be practical, and _ especially where money for land clearing is a greater object than time or labor, since a shovel, axe and a box of matches constitute the land clearing outfit. Concerning the various estimates on destroying stumps, the price ranges as low as twenty to twenty-five cents each. The price, of course, can be varied, and is varied by different indi- viduals, depending upon the value placed upon the time consumed while the work is being done. The price, however, does not influence the cost as much as the poor or good soil con- ditions and the management, whether good, bad or indifferent. To be pre- eminently successful at charpitting the operator must be a close observer, a careful worker and a good manager, even where conditions are favorable for such work, and especially so when conditions are variable and more or less adverse. WANTED—By young Ohio orchardist with some college training, a position with some strictly progressive Oregon or Washington fruit grower. Willing to start with any wages. References furnished. Victor Cooper, Magnolia, Ohio Editor Better Fruit: A number of us in the office are very much interested in the copies of your publication that have come forward so far, and we very much appreciate receiving the same regularly. Your publication is certainly in the front rank of trade literature. Yours truly, Boston Ter- minal Refrigerating Company, Chas. L. Case, Manager, East Boston, Massachusetts. Stranahan 8&z Clark DEALERS IN Commercial Fertilizers Land Plaster, Lime Plaster Paris, Cement Building Plasters HOOD RIVER, OREGON HEADQUARTERS FOR CENTURY SPRAY PUMPS Hose, Nozzles, First- class Plumbing Supplies C.F. SUMNER Successor to Norton & Smith HOOD RIVER, OREGON IF YOU WANT THE BEST ORCHARD LAND IN OREGON I have what you want, whether it is five to forty acres for a HOME ORCHARD, or 4oo acres for subdivision. I have land in the Hood River Valley or in the Mount Hood Valley adjoining Dufur. If you do not want to take possession at once, your land will be planted and cared for, in the best manner, for you for from three to five years, when it will come into bearing. Ee. O; BOX 86, HOOD RIVER OREGON For further particulars address, WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIT BETTER FRUIT Page Hood River Nurseries A ppl e Gr aft S NURSERY STOCK Made to Your Order Newtown and Spitzenberg propagated from selected bearing trees. Make no mistake, but start your orchard right. S ee Plant generation ae Hood eee Any Style or Length to Suit Purchaser (Clark Seedling) strawberry plants in Over Forty Years’ Experience quantities to suit. Send for prices. > (BN RAWSON & STANTON, Hood River, Oregon 7 Apple Seedlin gS American or French Grown Nursery Stock of Straight or Branched Roots . °1: Tell Matured,Good Grades Absolute Reliabilit Well Meramec y Carefully Handled That’s the only kind to buy. Good trees bring success y Y and poor trees failure. Fruit growers know this. They L al rge G eneral Sto ck do not experiment. They buy non-irrigated, whole root, : budded trees, and we number scores of them on our list of well pleased customers. We have prepared this season Write for Prices for an immense business. That means trees, trees, trees without limit as to variety and quantity. We also have 6 an immense stock of small fruits and ornamentals. We he henandoah urserles solicit your confidence, and will take care of the rest. Catalogue on application. D. S. LAKE, Proprietor Salem Nursery Company, salem, Oregon Shenandoah, lowa Reliable and live salesmen wanted. North C S d and Dock S ma). sitterworth, “eee SPECIALIST IN Western Box Apples, Pears and Deciduous Fruit EFFICIENT HANDLING OF ASSOCIATION ACCOUNTS Member National League of Commission Merchants of United States International Apple Shippers’ Association Reference, Everybody IF YOU WANT UP-TO-DATE SERVICE GET IN TOUCH WITH US | OLIVIT BROS. * "iver" | Commission Merchants FRUITS AND PRODUCE Announce they have been established forty years handling all kinds of fruits. Apples in boxes and barrels are a specialty with us, and we have our salesmen who devote their entire time to selling apples throughout the season. We handle more box apples through our store than any house in New York. We solicit cor- respondence of any nature relating to apples or the fruit business in general, in advance of the season. We can furnish the best of references and can handle your crop to the best possible advantage. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 74 BETTER FRUIT November APPLE STORAGE—410,000 Box Apples Capacity Our Apple Department is constantly in touch with the market and we are therefore in a position to give storage customers best results INSURANCE RATE LOW EBNER ICE AND COLD STORAGE CO. Main Office, VINCENNES, INDIANA Plants at Vincennes, Indiana; Flora, Illinois; Seymour, Indiana; Washington, Indiana Rae & Hatfield 317 Washington Street, New York Largest Handlers of Pacific Coast Fruits in the East REPRESENTING THE FOREMOST WESTERN SHIPPING COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS ON THE NEW YORK MARKET Operating in All Producing Sections RELIABLE EXPERIENCED PROMPT SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO., Liverpool and Manchester SIMONS, JACOBS & CO., Glasgow GARCIA, JACOBS & CO., London J.H. LUTTEN & SON, Hamburg OMER DECUGIS ET FILS, Paris European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS: Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co. Walter Webling John Brown Ira B. Solomon C. W. King D. L. Dick 204 Franklin Street, New York 46 Clinton Street, Boston Brighton,Ontario Canning, Nova Scotia Monteal, Quebec Portland, Maine OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS We Want all Shippers of Green and Fresh Fruits to Write Us Auction Facilites Unequalled by any House in America THE B. PRESLEY CO. ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA WHOLESALE FRUITS We handle thousands of cars of fruit yearly, Apples, Pears, Peaches, Prunes, Etc. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII THE BETTER PAUL CARLOAD PRIZE of 630 boxes apples at National Apple Show were sprayed with HIGH PRESSURE POWER SPRAYER You can do this with your orchard LIGHT WEIGHT HIGH PRESSURE SPRAYER with Tye NewWay TWIN CYLINDER “SUCCESS” 200 LBS. PRESSURE constantly all day long does the work. The “SUCCESS” is built to give this high pres- sure for many years. THE ENGINE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT part of the sprayer. \ ( engine for every day in the year and can be removed from platform in a few minutes. sprayer engines are simply little toys that will only pump water. SPRAYING IS DONE WITH A RUSH while good weather lasts. The “NEW is a farm Ordinary WAY” AIR COOLED, The “SUCCESS” is a light-weight outfit that permits rapid all day work anywhere, on hill side, uneven or ploughed land. Rapid work is what counts. Heavy outfits are too clumsy to move around. TWIN CYLINDER PUMP GIVES steady pressure. Cylinders cast separate and fitted with bronze pistons with outside packing. The “SUCCESS” will give high pressure for years, where ordinary outfits play out after the first or second season. Write to our nearest office today for our sprayer catalog No. 82. The New-Way’ Moror Company LANSING, MicHicAN, U.S.A. An Investigation of Pollenization and Its Results By Arthur Huntington, Horticulturist, Cedar Rapids, Iowa T was my fortune last’ spring to make an extended Eastern tour of the apple growing states in company with Mr. William T. LeFevre, the resi- dent horticulturist of the Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Company for the pur- pose of compiling a detailed and spe- cific report on the pollenization of apple trees in the East, as compared with methods in use in the Bitter Root Valley. So far as I know, this investi- gation is the first of its kind ever undertaken on such a large scale, with a determination to leave no _ stone unturned in seeking after facts. The incentive of our trip rested in the direct benefits which have resulted in the orchards in the Bitter Root Valley from careful planting of apple trees for pollenization since the opening of the big irrigation system which taps Lake Como. Our instructions were specific to personally interview the leading professional horticulturists of the East, both private and state, in an effort to determine how far we might safely depart from our established method of planting in the Bitter Root and yet insure continued good crops. Curiously enough pollenization is a subject upon which the majority of horticulturists are lame. For the sake of clearness it is essential to preface the results of our travels by a brief outline of pollenization as we have found it in our experience in the Bitter Root, where our experiments have been brought to a successful conclusion. As orchardists familiar with the valley well know, one of the first reasons why the Bitter Root Valley produces regu- lar crops of apples every year is that we get perfect pollenization, perfect weather at blooming time and have a series of apples which reach their maximum perfection in the valley. The varieties of apples planted have an affinity for each other, each apple being better for having been grown under the influence of the other varie- ties. An apple may bloom very pro- lifically and produce no fruit, due to the fact that the blooms are imperfectly pollenized. It may be possible in the same orchard to have apples so planted that one variety will pollenize another and cause it to produce prolifically, while the first apple will not receive benefits in turn from the apple which it has pollenized. An apple must not only come under the influence of the pollen of another variety, or of another bloom, but it must be affected by it. A very good example of this is furnished by the Jonathan and the McIntosh as grown in this valley. The Jonathan, being the smaller apple, is affected by the McIntosh, while the McIntosh is very slightly affected by the Jonathan. This is the reason why the Jonathan bears so prolifically year after year and produces such a fine quality of fruit. » John Deere Plow Co. Portland, Spokane San Francisco No other district produces as many perfect apples on as heavily loaded trees as the Jonathan in the Bitter Root Valley. The Transcendent Crab of the Bitter Root Valley is famous on account of its perfection and large number of perfect specimens, and brings a very high price on the market. Investiga- tion has shown that no district is able to pollenize the Transcendent as pol- lenized here, the method being one which makes nearly every specimen perfect. These perfect specimens, free from worms, are the specimens that have attracted buyers from all over the country. There seems to be a pecu- liar affinity between the Jonathan and the McIntosh toward the Transcen- dent Crab. When it was discovered that the McIntosh reached its highest state of perfection in the Bitter Root Valley pollenization was very little known, consequently all of the early plantings were largely random plantings. The McIntosh, when planted alone, is not a particularly good bearer, but it was noticed that some specimens were quite prolific, while others would not pro- duce a large number of perfect speci- mens. Nearly all heavy bearing trees were planted in the orchards where there was a predominance of Alexan- ders, which are very large striped apples, and seem to have a peculiar influence over the McIntosh. A great many horticulturists claim that cross- pollenization has no tendency’ to stalled. of approaching frost. at just the right time. anywhere desired. When you buy any kind of athermometer always look for the name ““Tycos’’—there's a ““Tycos’’ thermometer tor every purpose. The name is your protection and our guarantee. Write is for booklets, ‘‘Thermom- eter Facts,’ “Tycos Tips for Butter Makers,”’ ‘‘The Thermometer Book,” etc The or Annunciator diagrams of Taylor Instrument Companies 105 Ames St,, Rochester, N. Y. “Where the Thermometers come from” change the qualities of the apple, but then equally good men claim that this theory is wrong, and have very good specimens of apples to bear out their contention. Be this theory true or false, the fact still remains that all of the McIntosh, when raised next to the big Alexanders, were striped. These same horticulturists further contend that there are two kinds of McIntosh apples, the striped McIntosh and the red McIntosh, and that the striped McIntosh is a much better bearer than the red. In all probability this is a case of pollenization, although there may be a slight difference in strain of the same variety. This question remains to be proven. It was further noticed in the valley that in orchards where there were a large number of Ganos, all McIntoshes were red, or nearly so, and that they produced even more pro- lifically than the McIntosh planted next to the Alexander. The Ben Davis family, of which the Gano is the best member, is not a particularly good pol- lenizer in other localities and with other varieties, as has been demon- strated by experiments made by Pro- fessor F. A. Waugh of Amherst, Massa- chusetts. These experiments further demonstrated that cross-pollenization between two varieties always differs in its results in different parts of the country. That is to say, two apples may pollenize perfectly in New Eng- land and pollenize very imperfectly in the Middle States or the Northwest. This tendency to affect the physical No Danger from Frosts to Your Crops and Fruits if you have a ‘‘Tycos’? Alarm Thermometer in- It saves the expense and labor of having your heating or “smudging” device running at unnecessary times, and warns you with certainty It is indispensible to the orchardist and fruit grower. every year if there is no frost, and may pay for itself a hundred times over by giving the ‘frost alarm’? when danger is least expected. 66 a3, A“Tycos’’ ALARM THERMOMETER Rings Warning in Your Ears The bell can be located It rings when the temperature reaches the point of danger —the alarm” flashes over the wires from the place where the thermometer is located. The entire system is so simple that anyone can install it. reliable service is guar- anteed by ““Tycos’? which means on a thermometer in- strument what the eagle means on a dollar. “‘Tycos’? Automatic Alarm may be installed in Single Alarm Thermometers Connection dealer can’t supply you, write us. We will mail you free our booklet showing which explain simplicity the installation and operation of the ““‘Tycos’’ Automatic Alarm Thermometer. WRITE TODAY the systems, LS, pO Tycos’. BETTER FRUIT It pays for itself “frost That it made for lasting, the name Thermometer Systems. If your with wire stand. FOR IT y THERMO, AS THE Tae "eS < Ss , » SNS ER’ STERLING appearance of the apple also differs in different localities. It has been demon- strated beyond a doubt in this valley that there is a very close affinity, so far as pollenization is concerned, between the McIntosh and the Gano, and that there is equally strong affinity between the Wagener and the McIntosh. The object of our trip was, first, to find out how far we could depart from these standard plantings, which we know to be good, and also to make a special study of what had been done to better the condition of handling cessful orchardist. Send for Free Bulletin ¢ No. 108 for facts about Profits * Be sure to address your letter to our Spraying Specialist WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT ave Your Fruit 1911 Improved Jumbo Special Ideal Heater Our 1911 Improved JUMBO SPECIAL Ideal is conceded to be the most powerful and efficient Orchard Heater made. and tested by time and severe use. Wired rim and heavy steel body and cover, and strong reinforced Shipping weight, 6 pounds each. Why take the chances on Frost when the saving on one acre of fruit in one year will buy heaters for ten acres, and furnish Frost Insurance for ten years to come. Think it over and write today for our booklet, ‘How Clough Saved His Fruit.” IDEAL SALES COMPANY Sole Manufacturers and Distributors of THE IDEAL ORCHARD HEATERS Suite 222-B Chamber of Commerce Building, DENVER, COLORADO DETROIT SPRAYING OUTFITS! Are the best that money can buy. Sold.atlower prices than are asked for inferior outfits. & Power and thoroughness are absolutely essential to success in spraying, and these two features are embodied in the Detroit Spraying Outfit to a much greater extent than in any other. - Designed by a practical and suc- Operated by a 4-horsepower Amazing Detroit Kerosene Engine. Exceptionally high platform enables you to get right to the top of the tallest trees and four full horsepower enables you to giving startling facts in regard to the profits to be derived from spraying, together with spraying calendar, etc. November AS WELL AS Your Money By protecting your or- chards and small fruits from FROSTS and FREEZES by installing our JUMBO SPECIAL IDEAL ORCHARD HEATERS The ONLY Orchard Heater on the Market EQUALLY adapted to burning COAL or WOOD as fuel. Inventedin1908. Over 150,000 in use by 600 successful orchardists. Beware of new and un- tried devices. Tried Capacity, 50 pounds of coal. It is FREE. Address apples in the orchard by the farmer. Successively, we visited the apple orchards of Montana, Michigan, New York, the New England states, Penn- sylvania, Virginia, Maryland and Ohio. In each state visited we interviewed the best men that we could find. One prominent New York horticulturist told us that they did not have to pollenize in his state. He said that an apple was an apple, whether small or big, good or bad, and that everything out of the orchard went into the same barrel. He further said that in the Northwest, Drive the Mixture Right Into the Bark Embodies every convenience. Pump start- ed and stopped from upper platform. Built on a platform of standard width so that it can be placed on any farm wagon. Also can be used as a portable pumping outfit or fire engine. Engine can be quickly removed and used to furnish power for any other pur- pose. November to May is the time to spray, and after doing your own trees you and the boys can go out andclean up thecost of your outfit in a week by spraying for your neighbors. Write at once for Bulletin No. 108, full and complete instructions, formula, DETROIT ENGINE WORKS Spraying Dept,, Bulletin No.10g, Detroit, Mich,, U, 8. A, HOPEN where perfect fruit is raised, orchard- ists will in all probability have to pay considerable attention to cross-pollen- ization. Another prominent New York horticulturist said: “Gentlemen, you have come to the wrong place. The people in the Northwest know more about horticulture than we ever heard of. If the people in the East would show as much enterprise as the people in the Northwest they would stand a better show of regaining their lost prestige in the orchard business.” A very prominent Pennsylvania orchard- ist said: “I have no doubt but that when the matter is finally sifted out it record of personal opinion. in any of the magazines. clusively to The Pacific Monthly. trial articles. Western States". invaluable. subscribing for the Pacific Monthly. Portland, Oregon. THE PACIFIC MONTHLY COMPANY Portland, Oregon other well known writers of short stories. @ Each month one or more strong articles are published by such writers as William Winter, the dean of dramatic critics, John Kenneth Turner, the author of "Barbarous Mexico", Rabbi Wise, the noted Jewish Rabbi, and John E. Lathrop, who contributes a non-partisan review of national affairs. Charles Erskine Scott Wood contributes each month under the title of "Impressions" a brilliant BETTER FRUIT will be shown that a great many things are attributable to poor pollenization that are wholly or partly misunder- stood. I want to congratulate you and your valley on its perfect fruit and its perfect series of apples, all of which are good market apples, all of which are red apples, which have shown a marked tendency to fertilize each other. Undoubtedly the reason for your raising large crops every year is due to this combination of perfect pol- lenizers.” Mr. M. B. Waite of Washington, D. C., who is the father of the pollenization theory, responded to our inquiries as PACIFIC MONTHLY has just closed the most successful and prosperous year in its history. We want to make 191] even more successful than the year just passed. We want yourname upon our subscription list. Here are a few facts which will help you to decide the question of subscribing, @ The Pacific Monthly is recognized as the most successful independent magazine in the West. It publishes each month artistic and unusual duotone illustrations of beautiful Western scenery, studies of Indian heads, or of animal life, ranging from Alaska, on the North, to Mexico on the South, and as far afield as Japan and the South Seas. From its striking cover design to the last page you will find a feast of beautiful pictures. @ Each month it publishes from five or six short stories by such authors as Jack London, Stewart Edward White, Harvey Wickham, D. E. Dermody, Seumas MacManus, Fred. R. Bechdolt, and Its stories are clean, wholesome and readable. @ The Pacific Monthly has become noted for having published some of the best verse appearing Charles Badger Clark, Jr., contributes his inimitable cowboy poems ex- Berton Braley, George Sterling, Elizabeth Lambert Wood, Wm. Maxwell, and other well known poets are represented by their best work in our pages. @ A feature that has won many friends for The Pacific Monthly has been our descriptive and indus- During the coming year one or more such articles will be published each month. Articles now scheduled for early publication are: "Money in Live Stock on the Pacific Coast", "Suc- cess with Apples","Nut Culture in the Northwest","Success with Small Fruits","Fodder Crops in the qIn addition to these articles the Progress and Development Section will give each month author- ative information as to the resources and opportunities to be found in the West. planning to come West, the descriptive illustrated articles on various sections of the West will be @ If you want a clean, fearless, independent magazine—one that will give you wholesome, readable stories, authoritative, descriptive articles of the progress being made in the West, a magazine that believes thoroughly in the West and the future destiny of the West—you will make no mistake in Its subscription price is $1.50 a year. for shorter period, however, we will give a trial subscription of six months for $.50. q Fill out the coupon below and send it with $.50 in stamps to The Pacific Monthly Company, Gentlemen:—Enclosed find fifty cents in acceptance of your special offer of a trial subscription for six months. To those who are To enable you to try it Devaar acai USC 77 follows: “Gentlemen, you are on exactly the right track. There are some horticulturists who may try to divert you from this combination of apples, but the pollenization theory is right. You are ten years ahead of any other district in the Northwest regard- ing the cross-fertilization, and you are to be congratulated.” He said further: “People with poor pollenization will get good crops in good years, but in bad years they will get nothing.” He went into the history of his early work on this matter and provided us with a copy of the government bulletin givy- ing the results of his early work. He also gave us much history to bear out the pollenization theory. One thing that impressed us on this whole trip was the small amount of work that has been done on this important question. Nearly all horticulturists seemed to be particularly lame in plant physiology and bacteriology. This does not seem to be the fault of the horticulturists themselves, but of the school in which they were trained. We did not interview a sin- gle man who did not con- gratulate us on our good fortune in being able to pro- duce this string of apples, every apple of which is com- mercially good, every apple of which is red, every apple of which is a prolific bearer and commercially profitable; all apples blooming at the same time, and apples which do not compete against each other in the market, the keenest competition being between the McIntosh and the Jonathan, the two high- est grade apples we raise, which are sought for in every market. We also found that blooming condi- tions and pollenization were greatly affected by weather conditions at blooming time. At the New York State Ex- periment Station they have prepared a bulletin which shows the close relationship between weather conditions in the spring and the apple crop. One authority who has gained considerable recog- nition in his profession saw no reason why we should investigate pollenization, as we always had perfect weather at blooming time in. the valley, while the East- ern orchards get the spring rains, and while the extreme Western orchards are not through with the winter rains, thus greatly interfer- ing with the spread of the pollen. This orchardist said that it was hardly fair that Page 78. we, with our superior combination of good varieties, should be blessed with perfect weather at blooming time, giv- ing us a double advantage. The other question which we were asked to investigate, namely, the han- dling of fruit with reference to the farmer, was almost unproductive of results. A great deal of good work has been done by the cold storage men, but most of the damage is done before the cold storage men get hold of the fruit. We did find, however, that enough work has been done to indicate that the keeping qualities of apples can be improved by proper storing of the fruit. Lately I saw apples which are supposed to be off the market at Christ- mas time in almost perfect condition. We found that the keeping qualities of apples were affected by the condition of the apple when packed, the kind of handling, the time it was let stand in the orchard after picking, the condition of the storehouse both at the time the apple was put in and during the time that it is in storage. The three con- trolling factors in the storehouse are temperature, humidity and_ steriliza- tion. Some little work in developing improved methods of storing apples has been carried on under the direction of Mr. H. M. Sloan, resident general manager of the Bitter Root Valley Irri- gation Company, in the Bitter Root Valley. Mr. Sloan has made arrange- ments to have this work pushed along scientific lines by the experimental station at Bozeman. The first work done along this line was accomplished by the company. It was found that McIntosh apples stored in the basement of the Hamilton office were in almost perfect condition on the first of June, although there was no particular atten- Buy and Try Makes Whiter, Lighter Bread BETTER FRUIT November eulul Weide = - - ie Y Outfits Like This Made Millions For Farmers Last Year I H C irrigation outfits mean the difference between a partial crop anda full crop. Results from the many I H C outfits already installed prove this. After carefully selecting the seed and tilling the ground thoroughly, why leave the result to chance? Why not know that your crop will receive the right amount of water at the right time? Now is the time to prepare for a bumper harvest next year. Take the first step by securing one of the famous IH C Gasoline Engines It makes you independent of local rainfall by giving you your own water supply system. It pumps all the water you want, just when your crops need it, from streams, lakes, rivers, or wells—economically, steadily, and easily. It is simple, dependable, strong, and durable. IHC Enginesalso do all other kinds of farm work, and there \ is a style and size for every man’s needs. z Vertical—2, 3, 25, and 35-H. P.; horizon- tal—1 to 50-H. P.; semi-portable—1 to 8 IHC H. P.; portable—1 to 25 H. P.; traction—12 Service Bureau to 45-H. P.; sawing, pumping, spraying, and grinding outfits,etc. Built to operate on gas, The Bureau is a gasoline, kerosene, distillate, or aleohol—air- eda cooled or water-cooled. See the I H C local It aims to learn dealer, or, write nearest branch house today the best ways of for our new special irrigation engine cat- cioiteem andl then | alogue and all information. distribute the ju. | WESTERN BRANCH HOUSES: Denver, Colo.; iaeidiea epene Helena, Mont.; Portland, Ore.; Spokane, Wash.; SC oaTion MNLTCTE Salt Lake City, Utah; San Francisco, Cal. others. send vos International Harvester Company of America en C Service Bu- Chicago (Incorporated) US A Teau. tion paid to them either at the packing the farmers’ cellars. At the present time or at the time they were placed time it is intended to carry these in storage. They were given no care experiments in scientific storage over a during the winter months. In fact they period of three or four years, and they were forgotten. With this as a cue, will undoubtedly be productive of as Mr. Sloan started out to find why these’ much good as has been the work per- apples kept better than apples kept in formed in scientific pollenization. MODERN COLD STORAGE with every facility for handling and storing Apples, Fruit, Produce at any temperature desired. Finest market and distributing point in the Northwest Write for terms De Soto Creamery and Produce Co. Cold Storage Department MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION RETTER FRIIIT 1911 BETTER FRUIT Page 79 BEST FACILITIES IN AMERICA FOR THE STORAGE OF Export Apples Ample steamship sailings with apple space always available for London, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow FREE INSURANCE FREE SWITCHING TO WAREHOUSE LIBERAL ADVANCES Write us and acquaint yourself with Boston’s special advantages for the storage of export fruit BOSTON TERMINAL REFRIGERATING COMPANY CHAS. L. CASE, Manager GRAND JUNCTION WHARVES, EAST BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS PROMPT SAFE RELIABLE LINCOLN, NEBRASKA J. GRAINGER & CO. ESTABLISHED 1887 WHOLESALE FRUIT MERCHANTS Extensive Dealers in Extra Fancy Washington and Oregon REFERENCES “Better Fruit’”’ First National Bank, Lincoln, Nebraska Apples Pears Peaches Plums, Prunes Corn Exchange National Bank, Chicago, Lllinois ) ) ) Chatham & Phoenix National Bank, New York, N.Y. Managers of Associations will do well to correspond with us J. H. Bahrenburg, Bro. & Co. 103-105 Murray Street New York City, N. Y. Wi aia wD OVEN DIE YOUR SH TEMENTSIOF ARPIEES in Foreign or Domestic Markets Our representatives in foreign markets are merchants with whom we have been associated in the apple business for a great many years, and whose ability we have learned to know. We are also prepared to offer you TISUS IBIBSID SOAS, IVANCINLINMURS AO) 1313, 1eVuB) in New York State as well as in New York City For any further particulars, write the above address. The pump you have always yaredoarcond never The Ideal System of Irrigation my Saves power and money; utilizes the power; converts power into results; high heads without staging; deep wells, pits and mines. Mechanical per- fection; simple; easily installed; free from wear; faithful and dependable machine. Made in many sizes, 25 gallons per minute to 10,000 gallons 4S per minute. Address Patented June 2, 1903 ‘ A Rea scctes Ideal Irrigation Rotary Pump Company Absolutely HENRY BUILDING SEATTLE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION RETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT Breeders of Thoroughbred Pedigree Strawberry Plants Principal Farm at Three Rivers, Michigan Branch Farms, Canby, Oregon, and Twin Falls, Idaho Tei Kellogg Thoroughbred Pedigree Strawberry Plants have made such wonderful fruiting records in the West that growers in the Pacific Coast and Inter-Mountain states have urged us to establish farms in those sections, which would enable them to get the plants promptly and at the time when it is best to set them in their particular locality. We take pleasure in announcing that we have established a farm at Canby, Oregon, where we have about 3,000,000 plants of the highest quality. These are to supply our Pacific Coast, Mexico and Hawaiian Island customers; and a farm at Twin Falls, Idaho, where we have growing about 2,000,000 plants for our Inter-Mountain state friends. These plants were grown from mother plants which were shipped direct from our breeding beds at Three Rivers, Michigan, and grown under our supervision and under the same methods that have made the Kellogg Thoroughbred Plants famous all the world over. Growers of strawberries who have visited our branch farms have signified their approval of this action on our part, as well as their appreciation of the quality of the plants grown there, by sending us the largest orders we ever have received from the Coast country. One grower telegraphed an order for 200,000 plants of one variety. Delivery of plants from Canby, Oregon, will begin about February 1, 1912, and from Twin Falls, Idaho, about March 1, 1912. GREAT CROPS OF STRAWBERRIES AND HOW TO GROW THEM OUR FAMOUS TREATISE ON STRAWBERRY GROWING Will be ready for delivery soon. ; berries, under irrigation or otherwise. who will send us their names. It is worth its weight in gol It tells you just how to grow big crops of big red straw- but is free to all Address all communications to R. M. Kellogg Company THREE RIVERS, MICHIGAN Apple Growing and Orchard Management By C. D. Jarvis, Experiment Station, Storrs, Connecticut Continued from October issue From the foregoing remarks the reader will realize that it is a difficult matter to formulate any rule for the fertilization of apple orchards. Briefly stated, the manurial recommendations for an apple orchard are dependent upon the age of the trees; the vigor, as indicated by the annual growth, the nature of the varieties, the character of the soil, the previous treatment of the soil, the cultural system employed, the kind of cover crop, the kind of filler used, the nature and amount of other crops grown in the orchard, the availability of fertilizing materials, the severity of pruning, the size of the expected crop, and, to some extent, the character of the season. The formula mentioned below should be taken as a suggestion only, and should be modi- fied to suit special conditions. For mature apple trees on soil that is apparently in need of a complete fer- tilizer the following formula is sug- gested: Nitrate of soda (15 per cent nitrogen or its equivalent) 200 pounds, muriate or sulphate of potash (50 per cent potash or its equivalent) 250 pounds, and raw ground bone (20 per cent phosphoric acid and 3 per cent nitrogen or its equivalent) 400 pounds. These amounts are intended for the annual treatment of one acre of orchard land. The amounts required for a single tree may be determined by dividing by thirty. This formula may be regarded as a moderate annual application. The amounts may be decreased for moderately small trees and increased for larger ones. When leguminous cover crops are annually grown and turned under, and when the trees are making sufficient growth the amount of nitrate of soda may be greatly reduced or omitted entirely. The same change should also be made when trees have been severely pruned, as is usually done in the renovation of neglected orchards. For the immediate benefit of the trees it may be advisable the first year to supplement the above formula with about 150 pounds of acid phosphate. This is for the reason that the phosphoric acid in the raw bone is mostly in an insoluble form and the trees would be unable to use much of it until the second season. Once in three or four years it may be advisable to apply, in addition to the above, about one ton of lime to the acre. Good results have followed the use of basic slag in apple orchards, and if five or six hundred pounds of this material is used every second season in place of the raw ground bone the application of lime may be omitted. In seasons when the trees are bearing a heavy crop of fruit it may be advisable to supplement the above formula with a light dressing of soluble fertilizer about the latter part of June. This will tend to relieve the strain upon the trees and give them an opportunity to form fruit buds for the following season. About 50 pounds of nitrate of soda and 100 pounds each of muriate of potash and acid phosphate should be the maximum amount to be applied at this time. There is great danger in applying fer- November tilizer al this time, for if there should be a prolonged dry season it would not be dissolved until too late for the present season’s crop, and would be likely to cause a second growth late in the season. For this reason the summer application should be made just before or during a rain. A knowl- edge of the functions of the various fertilizers will assist greatly in under- standing the needs of the apple tree. Nitrogen favors the vegetable growth of leaf, wood and fruit. Phosphoric acid is necessary in the formation of leaf and fruit buds and of seeds. Pot- ash affects the color, quality and flavor of the fruit and at the same time assisis in the vital processes of growth. With these points in mind the fruit grower should keep a close watch of his trees with a view of supplying their indi- vidual needs. The usual time to apply fertilizers is early in spring, just as growth commences. The fertilizer is sown broadcast just after plowing and immediately harrowed into the soil. When trees reach the age of ten or twelve years their roots occupy most of the ground, and the fertilizer should, therefore, be scattered over the whole Minnesota Fruit Co. Wholesale Fruits and Commission Apples Our Specialty Get in touch with us DULUTH, MINNESOTA Head of the Great Lakes RICHLAND NURSERY CO. ROOT INSURANCE Is the basis upon which we sell to our customers. Our trees and plants are selected strains with the perfect roots and tops so difficult to procure. WRITE FOR CATALOG 46 pages of instruction and information Every tree we ship to you is guaranteed by us to be true to name and specially adapted to the Pacific Northwest. We sell every variety of Fruit and Orna- mental Trees, Berry Plants, Vines, Shrubs, Perennials, Roses, etc. For prompt shipment order from RICHLAND NURSERY CO., INC. RIGHLAND WASH WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQOTI Drlealiee leslie tl lel Prepare to Save Your Fruit | Crops from Frost Next season by ordering Orchard Heaters now. E It has been proven without doubt by four | years’ trial that National Orchard Heaters will afford the surest protection and do it with less expense than any others. The True Principle of Orchard Heating, accord- ing to Government reports, is to increase the number of heaters used to the acre rather than to increase the size of the heaters. We have always recommended 80 NATIONAL HEATERS to the acre, which number has been ample to save the crops. WRITE today for full information and prices. The National Orchard Heater Co. Grand Junction, Colorado area. Fertilizer scattered just beyond the spread of the branches is more accessible to the tree than that sown around the base of the tree. When a regular system of cover cropping is followed good results have followed the sowing of the fertilizer at the time of preparing the soil for the cover crop. Nitrate of soda, for obvious reasons, should. not be applied at this time, and as a rule a slowly available phosphoric acid fertilizer is more suitable for applying so late in the season. The plant food that would become available during late summer and late fall would be taken up and held by the cover crop. While the method favors the development of a good cover crop the chief objection to the practice is that the trees derive very little benefit from the fertilizer until the cover crop has become decom- posed. Probably the best method would be to apply a light dressing of soluble fertilizer in the spring and RIFE / Water in Your Orchard or fruit patch saves time and labor. Get all you need from an automatic Rife Ram. Costs little to install— nothing to operate. Raises water 30 feet for every foot of fall. Land lying above canal or stream supplied with water. Pumps automatically day and night, winter and summer. Fully guaranteed. If there is a stream, pond or spring within a mile write for plans, book / and trial offer, free. i RIFE ENGINE Co. 2525 TRINITY BLDG. © NEW YORK S. KE. Bartmess UNDERTAKER AND LICENSED EMBALMER For Oregon and Washington Furniture, Rugs, Carpets and Building Material Hood River, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT leave the application of such materials as raw ground bone, basic slag and lime until mid-summer. The following divided formula is suggested for each acre: Spring application: Nitrate of soda 100 pounds, muriate of potash 250 pounds, acid phosphate 100 pounds. Summer application: Raw ground bone 300 pounds, or basic slag 600 pounds. If trees are making sufficient growth the nitrate of soda should be omitted. When this method is fol- lowed a winter cover crop of the leguminous class should be used, and should be turned under and thoroughly worked over early in the spring. The question of pruning young trees and of neglected trees has been dis- cussed so often that there remains only the question of regular pruning meth- ods. Regarding this subject there exists a great difference of opinion both among fruit growers and official horitculturists. The conflicting recom- mendations of the various authorities are partly due to the varying condi- tions under which apples are grown, but more particularly to our meager stock of experimental evidence relat- ing to the subject. On _ traveling through New England one becomes impressed with the great variety of tree structures. Some trees have large broad heads with open centers and some are so crowded that their heads have not had a chance to expand. Some are low -headed, some high headed and some have been beheaded. Others have been pruned from beneath as high as a man can reach with an axe and others, by far the largest num- ber, seem never to have been pruned at all. With so many conflicting opin- ions as to how a tree should be pruned it seems necessary that the fruit grower should settle upon some form of tree structure, and, starting with the young tree, develop his ideal. Varieties and individuals differ greatly in form and habit, but even in the most stubborn cases it is possible to approach the ideal. Each tree must be pruned with respect to its own individuality. A tree that is making a strong growth should have a different treatment from one making a weak growth, and a tree with an upward tendency demands different training from one with a spreading habit. Pruning should be regarded as a work of training rather than of cor- Page S1 recting. In the treatment of neglected trees it is necessarily a work of eorrec- tion, and it requires several years of this work to make up for the lack of training. The general tendency at the present time is to grow low-headed trees, and the number of advocates of the high-headed structure is becoming smaller every year. The necessity for thorough spraying since the advent of the San Jose scale has done much to bring about this change of ideals. Low-headed trees are not only more easily sprayed, but they can be pruned more conveniently, and the fruit can be more economically thinned and O. W. Butts Wholesale Fruits and Commission Strawberries and Apples Our Specialty A strong house—Pioneer dealer of thirty years’ experience OMAHA, NEBRASKA Do You Want a Home in the “BEAUTIFUL OZARKS” of Missouri In the Famous Strawberry Land Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, raspberries, etc., all grow excellently. Ideal, location for dairy and poultry business. We offer for sale 60,000 acres of land in 40-acre tracts or more, cheap and on easy terms. Located in Stone and McDonald Counties. For further information address McDonald Land & Mining Co. Rooms 301-2 Miner’s Bank Bldg. Joseph C. Watkins, Manager JOPLIN, MISSOURI THE Lawrence-Hensley Fruit Co. JOBBERS OF Fruits and Vegetables, and Apple Packers Largest Strawberry Dealers in the West DENVER, COLORADO WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF Box Apples, Pears Prunes, Peaches Responsible—Reliable—Prompt Correspondence solicited M.Fugazzi& Company 204 West Sixth Street CINCINNATI, OHIO WHEN WRITING -ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 82 All Popular. Codes. Growers and shippers of Western fruits must have proper connections in Chicago if they expect to realize full market value of their fruit. We have the best of connections on all the larger markets and the confidence and patronage of the carlot buyers on the smaller markets. We have the most favorable auction connections and a good auction market in Chicago. harvested. It is difficult to estimate the difference in the cost of harvesting fruit from high and low-headed trees, but it is probable that there would be a difference of at least twenty-five per cent in favor of the latter. Low- headed trees are less susceptible to injury from winds and their trunks are not so likely to be affected by “sun scald.” The best time to settle this question is at the time of selecting the nursery stock. Much may be done, however, in the way of severe heading in. Many trees that were originally low headed have become high headed owing to the close planting and crowd- ing. The only treatment for such a condition is to cut out half of the trees and “dehorn” the remaining ones. Some varieties, like Sutton and Yellow Transparent, are naturally upright growers and are kept down only by very careful and persistent treatment. In the first place the trees of such vari- eties cannot be headed too low. The branches should be started at or very CREST SPRAY for Orchards and Gardens An Effective EXTERMINATOR of all Insect Life, Germs and Vermin We Guarantee Results CREST SPRAY is the result of scientific and practical experiments by the best phyto- pathologists and chemists. DIFFERS FROM OTHER SPRAYS Crest Spray is a soluble or miscible oil and mixes readily with water. It remains in solu- tion, forming an emulsion. It is non-poisonous and harmless to operator. It requires no boil- ing or preparation like the Lime-Sulphur. Its use is a saving of time and money. Home- made Lime-Sulphur costs from 1% to 2 cents per gallon. Crest Spray costs from 1% to 3 cents per gallon. A gallon of Crest Spray has a covering power almost twice as great as Lime- Sulphur, reducing the cost nearly one-half. Scientific, Effective, Convenient, Economical Barrels, 25 or 50 gallons, per gallon $1.25 Five-gallon cans, per gallon 5 1.35 One-gallon caus, per gallon . - 1.50 Half-gallon cans, each . 6 ; , 5 -90 Quart cans, each. 5 : A ; -50 Pint cans, each . 5 : : .30 Testimonials sent on application Crest Chemical Co. 84 BELL STREET SEATTLE, U. S. A. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Crutchfield, Woolfolk & Clore, Inc. WHOLESALE DEALERS AND CARLOT DISTRIBUTORS FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Cable Addresss “Cloefield.” Bankers: National Bank of the Republic BETTER FRUIT November THE BEST CHICAGO CONNECTION to sell. CRUTCHFIELD, WOOLFOLK & CLORE near the surface of the ground. Much may be done during the first few years by careful training, cutting back the successive annual growths to about one-third of their length, and always cutting back to a bud or branch point- ing outward or downward. The great- est progress will be made after the trees commence to bear, for at this time the weight of a crop tends to bring the branches down. The important point, therefore, is to induce fruit bearing as early as possible. Summer pruning is probably the most effective way of inducing fruitfulness. We hear a great deal these days about the tree with the open center. The object of the open center in apple trees is to admit more sunlight, and in this way produce more highly colored fruit. Inasmuch as the greater part of the fruit is borne on the surface of the tree the important point is to develop as far as possible a tree with the maximum surface exposed to the light. A tree with a broad cone-shaped top probably gives the greatest exposed area, and this is in opposition to the open center idea. While opening up the center will likely give additional color to a few apples in the center of the tree and will admit of a better circulation of air it is a question whether it would not be bet- ter to open the tree moderately on all sides. If it is good to open up the top the same should apply to any portion of the tree. Jn sections where trees are likely to “scald” the open center exposes the branches to the direct rays of the sun, and for this reason is objectionable. While the writer does not approve of open center methods as practiced by the extermist he favors the removal of the high central leader usually found in neglected trees. In such cases the new growth soon fills up the space and protects the exposed branches from the sun. The inexperienced pruner will have trouble in deciding which branches should be cut out and which should be left. Anyone may become proficient in the work if he will study the effects of different kinds of treatment. The most common error is in leaving too much brush on the tree. A tree in the winter may seem to be well opened up, but will often appear very different when the tree is in foliage, and the operator should keep this constantly in No. 11 W. SOUTH WATER STREET We have a large and attractive jobbing house on South Water Street and a thoroughly organized and competent sales force for handling local and country orders. We have the organization and equipment for obtaining the full market value of fruits and vegetables when con- ditions are most unfavorable, as well as favorable. Let us hear from you at once as to what you have CHICAGO mind. Removing brush from a tree may greatly reduce the number of apples without reducing the yield. In this respect pruning is a thinning process. Trees that are bearing regu- larly and that are not being over- nourished will not require much pruning. This is one reason—and there are many others—why an even growth should be maintained. The branches to be removed are mainly those that interfere with the other branches. It should be the aim to have an even distribution of branches with abundant space between them for the free circulation of air. In selecting between two branches that interfere with one another the most desirable one should be retained, keeping in mind convenience in spraying, harvest- ing and the other operations. Other things being equal, the lower one usu- ally should be retained. Besides reliev- ing the crowding, all objectionable cross branches in the center of the tree and all dead and diseased branches should be removed. The rapidly grow- ing shoots, especially at the top of the tree, should be cut back with a view of maintaing a symmetrical structure. Watersprouts around the base of the tree should always be removed. Those found on the main branches should either be removed or cut back. By pinching back these shoots in early When You Order Your Power Sprayer Be sure and specify that it shall be fitted with a CROWN RELIEF VALVE It will save you a world of trouble. Also remember our Great Mass-O-Spray Nozzle. |It hits the center as well as the outside. CROWN SPECIALTY COMPANY Box 297 CHICAGO Agents wanted every- where WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BEE Re ERO Page 83 PLL4IAA te Block of One-year-old Budded Apple Trees on Three-year-ol d Roots—the Kind that Grow and Bear Fruit the Fourth Year Photo taken August 20, 1911 We have a large stock of Yellow Newtown, Spitzenberg, Ortley and other leading varieties to offer. Bear in mind that all buds were selected from vigorous, prolific trees and are guaranteed true-to-name. We can make attractive prices on large orders for fall delivery. Phone 2002K June they often may be converted into fruit spurs. The fruit spurs along the main branches should not be removed, as is so often done. Some growers do not believe a tree is properly pruned unless the main arms are as bare as telephone poles. Many growers also make the serious mistake of cutting off the lower branches because they inter- fere with the work of cultivation. These are often the most profitable branches on the tree, for the reason that the fruit they bear can be so quickly and conveniently harvested. Much may be done in the way of directing the growth of the branches of a tree by giving some attention to the position of each cut. If it is desired to give a particular branch an outward or a spreading tendency it Address all communications to TRUE-TO-NAME NURSERY, Hood River, Oregon should be cut off at a point just beyond a bud or a side branch that points in that direction. In like manner the growth of a spreading branch may be directed upward by cutting back to a bud or side branch that points upward or inward. The wound on a branch that has been cut back close to a side branch is likely to heal over more readily than when a long stub is left at the end of the branch. In removing side branches the cut should be made close and parallel, or nearly so, with the parent branch. When long stubs are left the wounds do not heal over and sooner or later decay starts. It is usually in this way that wood destroy- ing fungi get into the tree, resulting in the familiar hollowed trunks. The cuts should be made as smoothly as pos- FREE EXPERT ADVICE By Professor A. Van Holderbeke, five years Washington State Horticulturist, TO FRUIT GROWERS Purchasing high grade nursery stock, guaranteed true to name, from the Van Holderbeke Nursery Company Main Offices: Columbia Building Spokane, Washington RELIABLE AGENTS WANTED Nurseries: Spokane Valley and Kennewick, Washington WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT sible to facilitate the healing process. To prevent the accumulation of mois- ture on the surface large cuts are usu- ally made in a_ sloping direction. Wounds of two inches or more in diam- eter should always be sealed up with paint or other substance. Some care- ful growers use a thin grafting wax for this purpose. If the wounds do not heal over within two years a sec- ond coat should be given. Any ordi- nary lead and oil paint will answer the purpose, but it should not be applied until after the exposed wood has become thoroughly dry, and it should be used moderately thick to fill up the cracks. The most common pruning tool in New England is the axe, and, judging from the result, it may be assumed that BUTTE POTATO & PRODUCE CO. BUTTE, MONTANA Jobbers of All Farm and Orchard Products We have a large outlet for fruits and vegetables. We want to hear from shippers. A. J. KNIEVEL, President and Manager Sixteen years’ experience on the Butte market. Page S4 it has not always been a sharp one. The requirements of the tree pruner are a few inexpensive tools. A good pruning saw is indispensable, and the farmer has a great variety to choose from. One of the most satisfactory kind is illustrated. The curved blade makes it possible to saw from beneath almost as easily as from above. The convex side is used when sawing from beneath and the concave side when sawing from above. The teeth of the concave side should point backward, so that the cutting may be done with a drawing motion. Another useful saw is constructed so that the blade may be set at different angles. A saw of this kind may be attached to a long handle and may be operated in the nar- rowest crotches without danger of injuring the adjoining branches. Washington Wy ae J Darrow Bros. Seed & Supply Co., Twin Falls, Idaho Rogue River Fruit and Produce Ass’n, Medford, Oregon And in all consuming districts. Winners of the GRAND SWEEPSTAKE PRIZE of $1,000.00 for best car of Apples shown at the National Apple Show, Spokane, Washington, were as follows: Spray Your Fruit for Codling Moth with 1908—M. Horan, Wenatchee, Washington. Grasselli Arsenate of Lead 1909—Tronson & Guthrie, Eagle Point, Oregon. 1910—C. H. Sproat, Hood River, Oregon. IT IS THE BEST All the above sprayed with Grasselli Arsenate of Lead. MANUFACTURED BY THE GRASSELLI CHEMICAL CO. Established 1839 MAIN OFFICE: CLEVELAND, OHIO DISTRIBUTERS IN ALL THE FRUIT GROWING DISTRICTS New York Chicago St. Paul St. Louis Cincinnati Birmingham New Orleans Milwaukee Detroit buter named above, or The Grasselli Chem- Offices For further information write nearest distri- Baanch } ical Co., St. Paul. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIT BETTER FRUIT Page 15 The Owner of White Salmon Orchard Lands Does not worry about the tight money market or how the election of 1912 comes out. HE KNOWS that with his money invested in ORCHARD LANDS in THE WHITE SALMON DISTRICT, he will make money and enjoy life while his city brother at a salary or in business is worrying about money matters and the time coming when he will be too old to work. - IF YOU wish to become independent and own a fruit ranch, write us at once as we have a few SPECIAL BARGAINS in raw as well as improved ranches to sell on long terms at very reasonable prices. For complete list and information regarding this district, write or call on H. W. Day Realty Co., White Salmon, Washington This Year’s Growth | | Do You Want a Home in the midst of a delightful environ- Pretty good isn’t it. That’s the way we : : ment? A resort city with all mod- grow stock here. No wonder we have so : : ‘ Ric ern improvements, mineral springs, many satisfied customers. : : : scenic attractions, etc. Homeseekers Do you want trees like these? They mean needed to develop small tracts in the money for you. Better buy good stock while vicinity of ASHLAND, in the famed you’re at it; it’s the cheapest. Rogue River Valley of Southern Oregon. For information regarding fruit, gardening, poultry, dairy prod- ucts and _ stock-raising, address COMMERCIAL CLUB, Ashland, More Toppenish cen s, Salesmen ‘ Advertisers please mention “Bet- Wanted Washington ter Fruit” in correspondence. Some Talk Dutch, Some Talk German SOME TALK EITHER English, Irish, Swede, Danish, Italian, Japanese or Chinese We talk business. We have the trees that please all nationalities. Why? Because they are grown right. Proper care is given to varieties. ‘They are packed correctly for shipping. They are delivered on time. Our prices are right. Write for catalogue or call our salesman. © IF YOU CAN SELL GOODS WE HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR YOU Capital City Nursery Company Rooms 413-415 U.S. National Bank Building, SALEM, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 16 BETTER FRUIT December Central Oregon _ Reames Now Reached via the Deschutes Branch Oregon-Washington Railroad & Navigation Co. Through Car Service between Portland and Bend DAILY TRAIN SCHEDULE Liv. Portland ....7:50 and 10:00 A.M. Liv BenGiee. san cio 6:30 A.M. Jin, IBl@oGl INTE 25566550" 11:53 A.M. Inv, IDESCMNMIS scoscoonccodce 6:53 A.M. Ibny, “Wne@ IDAMNES 5 .54555266- 12':40) BEML. lbny, Ikechmomel ..442¢h6050-¢ 7:21 A.M. liveaDeschutes?. cua eeiare 1.30 P.M. lbvAlOpale Gitar eee 8:00 A.M. ANT, WECIFAS soccscesesesee DH. IP INL hiv: Culyergesse herp ok acne 8:13 A.M. Ne; WMICWOINNS “Sos ooss besos < 6:00 P.M. live Meloniustaase eee 8:43 A.M. Ari iC iiliviersne ss sei te cease 6:51 PM ling IMIICIAS So5o.c0teb ones 9:00 A.M. Are Op ality eee 7:06 P.M: Nip, IDeselmuities J@s cosocacces Lens) JPM. Are, JK@CIMOME 35500520000 (3 IP INL, Ar.) RhesD alee sey seer 1:55 P.M. Ae, IDESEINUNIOS 5.5.5 225502% Sls PME Ar. Hood River...... eon se 0s) IESIN. (Aa 2B emcee) ee oes ee 8:35 P.M. Ares IoreullsinGl ss SSeoanscosc8e 5:45) PME Auto and regular stage connections to La Pine, Fort Roek, Silver Lake, Prineville, Burns, Klamath Falls and other inland points. The Direct, Quick and Natural Route between Portland and All Points in Central Oregon Call on nearest O.-W. R. & N. Agent for any information desired, or address WM. McMURRAY GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT PORTLAND, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT I7 / As) iss) BEE Ree Rw 1 Pa IQII And Still to the Fore 27 ORCHARD om HEATER Capacity, One Gallon Burns 8 hours PRICE LARGE SIZE Black Iron, 20c each ; = \yV/ = Canacie iano Gall Galvanized, 23c each The Pioneer ithout a een nee 0) OTE er PRICE Absolutely essential to every grower. Drastic tests of last spring proved Black Iron, 26c each Galvanized, 30c each its infallibility. Operation perfect and simple. Construction unexcelled The experimental stage has long since passed. Equip now. Next season may be more severe than last. DON’T HESITATE DON’T DELAY Automatic ELECTRIC ALARM Thermometers Send for our new booklet. The It will tell you how to save your fruit. Watch Dog of the Oe har The Bolton Orchard Heater of today is constructively perfect. $22.50 Better than ever. DELIVERED Costs no more. Endorsed by California Fruit Growers’ Exchange and forty other Fruit Associations. Specify alarm temperature required. It is advisable to have it set several degrees above the danger point. THE FROST PREVENTION CO. fl! =iBank of Italy!Building, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA GEORGE H. PARKER, Oregon Agent, 403 West D Street, Grants Pass, Oregon FRED H. HAMMER, So. California Agent, 107 So. Broadway, Los Angeles, California YAKIMA REX SPRAY CO., Northwest States Agents, North Yakima, Washington L. W. FISHER, Middle West Agent, 109 Temple Block, Kansas City, Missouri WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 18 ’ BETTER FRUIT December The Bean Giant BUILT LIKE A WATCH Every Part Fits Every Other Operated at Minimum of Wear and Tear Constant High Pressure Easily Maintained All Parts Interchangeable Repairs Cost Practically Nothing Tank Refilled in Five Minutes Gallons of Gasoline Saved Daily There are scores of reasons why you should buy a Bean Power Sprayer—a Bean Giant if your orchard is very large, a Bean Challenge if your orchard is of medium size, a Bean Pony if your orchard is comparatively small. All Bean outfits are built in our own factory. The Bean is not an assembled outfit—made from parts cast and completed in a dozen different places. It is made in its entirety right here under one roof. And every outfit is subjected to the most rigid tests before it leaves the factory. What’s more —each outfit 1s covered by an absolute guarantee. The purchaser takes no chances. The illustration of the Giant—the largest of the Bean family—shows the compact, low down, per- fectly balanced construction that characterizes the entire line. A Bean is at home in any orchard, level or lilly, and because of its pecuhar construction and lhght weight, can be hauled without difficulty where other outfits would be useless. These are not idle assertions. Ask any Bean owner. Send for a Copy of Our New Catalog It illustrates and describes all Bean sprayers—from the small hand pumps to the largest power out- fits. It also shows all Bean parts and explains how easily new parts can be exchanged for those that have become worn. You ean order needed parts by catalog direct from the factory—and we guarantee all parts to fit perfectly. They can’t vary a hair’s-breadth. Tear off the bottom part of this advertisement and write your name and address in the margim— or send a posteard or letter for a copy of the catalog. Bean Spray Pump Co. EVERYTHING FOR SPRAYING 213 W. JULIAN ST., SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA . Eastern Factory, Cleveland, Ohio WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIT What This New Book Is The Condensed Stark Year Book is a safe, trustworthy guide for tree-planters and orchardmen. The wealth of information it carries is the work of many men. The brightest horticultural minds and thous- ands of successful orchardmen in all parts of the country were called upon to furnish the cream of their experiences on the many subjects related to tree-growing. To this has been added the knowledge we have gained from our 86 years’ experience. This great mass of matter was then turned over to our experts. We instructed them to sift the wheat from the chaff—to condense and simplify it until it could be easily understood even by the man who knows nothing about trees or their care. They did it, and did it well. Think what such a book means to you! No one man, however well informed, could possibly prepare a book the equal of the Condensed Stark Year Book. No one man’s lifetime could possibly cover the experiments and tests of varieties reported on in this free book. Let this new book be your orchard guide book. It will always be on hand to answer perplexing questions. It will help you reduce mistakes; it may save you from committing a costly error. BETTER FRUIT Page 19 Another New Stark Book is Ready By the time you read this an- nouncement the new Condensed Stark Year Book for 1912 will be ready to mail. BK Ask us to mail it to you—Free Just say on a post card, ‘‘Send me the new Condensed Stark Year Book.’’ The next returning mail will bring you your copy. Then sign your name and address. A Free Service Plan For Tree Planters The Condensed Stark Year Book has been prepared with painstaking care. It will answer the greater majority of planting questions. But there are special conditions in aimost every tree-planter’s undertakings requiring special information. If you have problems, in solving which you feel the need of exact information, ask our Special Service De- partment to help you. This department is under the di- rection of our experts. They will gladly go into your problems ii detail. The benefit of their long scientific training is yours for the asking. There is no charge for this service. Probably the greatest assistance this department can ren- der is in helping you to get started right in the beginning. You know that an “ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.’ Why not, then, get in touch with us now on your planting plans for next spring? In sending you our literature and giving you free call on our Special Service Department we naturally hope you will plant Stark Trees. And, given an opportunity to counsel with you, we are confident that we can show you why it is to your advantage to buy Stark Trees. Stark Trees are good trees. They are the best trees that modern scientific practice, backed by 86 years of good tree-growing experience can produce. Stark Bro’s Nurseries & Orchards Co. Dept. 12B Louisiana, Missouri WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Pag Q LN) 0 BETTER FRUIT December A Great Offer for Our Readers on Special Easy Terms j OOPEDIA’ “ ACLOPEDIA «= NCLOPEDA «Ss COPED BA Text-Book to ~FAMEPICAN AME CFAMERICAN. UR AMERICAN Reg mere?: the Student JRTICOFURE STICUMUR: = HORTICUETURE VORTICUITURE PS I & a: BAReY- = 3 (DIA: A Manual to the 3 Gardener LH BAILEY ie A Library to the ee eI ¢ Teacher A Treasure to the Botanist A Guide to the Amateur A Companion to the Country Gentleman L. H. Bailey's Remarkable Cyclopedia of American Horticulture The Cyclopedia of American Horticulture presents the combined labor and experience of the 500 foremost American and Canadian authorities on horticultural subjects, which it has taken years of painstaking editorial work to put into its present convenient and attractive form. These four magnificent volumes place at the disposal of the horticulturist, whether practical, amateur or scientific, an ample and readily accessible account of every sub- ject which at any time may be of interest or practical use in his calling. EVERY LOCALITY TREATED , Its range is wide, covering plants, flowers, vegetables, trees, tillage processes, physiological chemistry, tools and implements, cultural discussions, botanical history, biographical sketches, horticultural geography and a myriad items that only constant use will reveal. GREAT VALUE TO NURSERYMEN The set is indispensable to all American libraries, not only because of its position as the foremost work of refer- ence in its field, but by reason also of its great literary excellence and its scientific accuracy, as well as the wealth of cultural data and descriptions it contains. Nor has the scope of the volumes been confined to botanical subjects alone. Such captions as “Diseases of Plants,’ “Graftage,’ “Parks,” “Perfumery Gardening,’ “Insects,” “Nut Cul- ture,’ “Railroad Gardening,” “Transplanting,” “Plant Breeding,’ “Storage,” “Tillage,” “Tools,” all illustrate the fact that every subject in any way incident to the activities of the horticulturist has been fully covered, commer- cially as well as scientifically. COMMERCIALLY PRACTICAL It is therefore evident that the appeal of this work is very general. Its subject matter is of almost universal interest, and is treated in such a practical, scholarly and discriminating manner that whoever may be in any way concerned with horticulture, whether as a means of gaining a livelihood, as a mode of recreation, as an outlet for pent-up energy, as a field for scientific investigations, as a method of beautifying his surroundings, as gardener, seedsman, korist, student, teacher, botanist, merchant or country gentleman, will find in “The Cyclopedia of Amer- ican Horticulture” a work replete with suggestions, abounding in ideas, and fertile in timely hints, philosophic in design, wide in scope and minute in detail—a counselor, guide and instructor ever within call. _ Four large quarto volumes, 2,016 pages, 50 full page plates, 500 contributors, 2,800 original engravings, 4,400 articles, 24,400 plant names. Better Fruit has always endeavored to supply its readers Our Offer with the most authorative and up-to-date matter on horti- SEND > 4 cultural methods, and has therefore made arrangements with the publishers of the CYCLOPEDIA OF AMERICAN HORTICULTURE whereby OQNLY they may obtain the work on special easy monthly terms. The complete set of four volumes, bound in cloth will be delivered to you for only $2.00 down and $2.00 a month for 9 months. Further particulars sent on request. BETTER FRUIT PUBLISHING CO., Hood River, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT meet RK FRUIT AN ILLUSTRATED MAGAZINE PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN THE INTEREST OF MODERN, PROGRESSIVE FRUIT GROWING AND MARKETING Pruning, or the Training of Fruit Trees RUNING is the most important work in orchard culture and one the least understood by many of the growers. The first important thing to be considered in the starting of a young orchard should be the system of pruning, of which there are two dis- tinct types. One being the open-headed and the other the center-shoot system. They both have their advantages and disadvantages as well, though person- ally I prefer the center-shoot system, hence this article will treat on the cen- ter-shoot system only. I will say, how- ever, as regards the open-headed or vase system, which is preferred by many growers, that it is all right pro- vided it is properly pruned from the start. There is one disadvantage, how- ever, in the open-head system in that the trees will frequently split down with the first lot of fruit, which is a great loss to the grower, it having taken six or seven years to get the tree into that period. I will now attempt to explain the benefit of center or leader system. In starting the tree with the leader system you would start with three branches and leader, and each year lead out another branch or two from the leader until you would have the required num- Figure 1—One-year-old tree after planting Notice long limbs in center all growing close together By E. N. Benson, Hood River, Oregon ber, as about six to eight branches from the leader. Now, the advantage in this is that in place of carrying the load on three or four.main branches, all start- ing at the same point, you have the branches distributed along the main trunk at a distance of five or six feet, Features of this Issue PRUNING, OR THE TRAINING OF FRUIT TREES BUILDING OF AN APPLE ORCHARD SCIENCE OF PRUNING AND SHAPING OF FRUIT TREES THE APPALACHIAN MOUNTAIN ORCHARDS THE ART OF SUMMER PRUNING SPECIAL VARIETIES FOR PARTICULAR SECTIONS THE CHARPIT METHOD OF DESTROY- ING STUMPS CO-OPERATION IN THE MARKETING AND HANDLING OF FRUIT and in place of carrying the load on three or four branches you have it dis- tributed on six or eight branches, and for this reason I believe that the center- shoot system has a great advantage as regards strength to hold a load of fruit with less support than the open-headed system. The term “avoid forks” is often used in pruning, though the writers fail to explain how to proceed in order to avoid those forks. When you start a tree it should be headed after planting at the desired height, which in most climates and most conditions would not be over twenty-four inches from the ground. Now, this tree, after starting its growth, will sometimes throw out sufficient branches to form a good head the first season, while again at other times it will only throw out two, three or four branches, which all make sharp crotches or forks, and all buds below that would only make leaf buds the first year. Many growers make a mistake right here. In starting new trees they will proceed at once to rub all these buds off, and the result is they have a very poor headed tree with a lot of sharp forks. In order to overcome this you should let all the buds grow the first year after planting, and if nothing but crotches is on your tree cut all of those crotches out the following spring when the tree is pruned and leave your center leader. By so doing the dormant buds below will be forced out the sec- ond year and make strong branches, which will grow out in more of a hori- zontal shape from the main stalk. These make very strong main branches, as you may bend them clear to the ground without breaking them off from the trunk. However, it is necessary to see that the stalk you plant has a suffi- cient number of buds at least one foot below where you head your tree. Figure 1 illustrates a one-year-old tree after planting, and you will notice it has a number of sharp forks close to the leader. In Figure 2 you will notice these have all been removed but three of the lower branches, which are intended to form the three main lower branches of the tree. The leader is cut back to about eighteen inches, and this in turn will rebranch, and from this you lead out another branch or two in such a manner as to come out between those that you first started below. You should then proceed in the same man- ner and cut out the sharp forks and leave those that would make strong main branches, and lateral branches will also be cut back. Figure 3 repre- sents a two-year-old tree before prun- ing. This, however, had the limbs thinned out during the summer, so that Figure 2—Showing the same tree as in Figure 1 after it has been pruned. You will see all the forks cut out and three limbs and a leader left. Notice.all three limbs come out at right angles from the trunk. Figure 3—Representing a two-year-old tree before pruning. about all the pruning necessary is to cut or head the limbs back to the required distance. There is another thing I wish to mention in connection with cutting back; where a strong wind from one direction prevails during the growing season it is always necessary to cut to buds toward the wind in such manner as to force the tree against the wind and keep it from blowing over. This, however, is not necessary where there is no prevailing wind direction, and where this is the case the tree should be cut according to its habit of growth. If it is a close growing vari- ety it is necessary to cut to outside buds, while a spreading variety should be cut to upper and inside buds in order to hold it up and off the ground. You will notice in Figure 3 that the Figure 4—Representing the same tree as shown in Figure 3, after having been pruned. You will notice that it has five limbs and a leader. BETTER FRUIT tree has five branches and that the cen- ter and the leader are considerably higher than the rest of the branches. Figure 4 represents the same tree as Figure 3 after having been winier pruned. The cutting back should be done with a view of having a leader, so to speak, on each one of the main branches, and in this regard is treated quite similar to the center shoot or leader. The cutting back should be done according to the local conditions. In a windy climate it is necessary to cut a tree much heavier to make i stocky, so it will stand up against the wind, while where less windy you can leave more wood and get a large tree much quicker. Figure 5 represents a three-year-old tree before being pruned. You will notice from this illustration that this tree was pruned during the summer, the unnecessary limbs were removed and some of the limbs headed back. This was done to make the wood strong and stocky, which is frequently necessary in order to obtain the desired results, especially where a strong wind prevails during the growing season. You will notice the strong, stocky appearance in Figure 6, which represents the three-year- old tree after having been properly headed back. This tree now has eight branches leading out from the center leader, which is ample to make a good, strong tree. This was cut back in win- ter pruning to about eighteen inches of the last year’s wood. Figure 7 rep- resents a four-year-old tree before being winter pruned. This tree had the unnecessary limbs thinned out dur- ing the summer, but no cutting back was done on the branches left, which made a growth of about four feet. You will notice in this illustration that there are numerous fruit spurs all along the main branches and that the leader is about eight feet high. Toward the top lateral branches have been brought out. Figure 8 represents the four-year-old tree after having been cut back in the winter. This was not cut back as severely as the younger trees, as the shape of the tree at this age is practically made. It is always advisable to leave as much wood as possible, as the more wood you leave the more fruit bearing surface you will have. The ability of a tree to bear fruit depends largely upon the amount of fruit bearing wood you have, con- sequently as a tree gets older the cut- ting should always be lighter from year to year. By doing this your tree will start in bearing fruit sooner than it would if you continued to cut it back heavily. Some growers stop cut- ting back when a tree is four years old, and this is very well, provided your tree doesn’t grow too tall and slim, which should always be avoided, particularly in slim growing varieties. Figure 9 represents a five-year-old tree before pruning. This is a well bal- anced tree in every respect and has strong side limbs, and the center leader is practically gone. This tree was also summer pruned and all unnecessary December Figure 6—Representing a three-year-old tree after having been pruned. Notice the stocky appearance of all the limbs. limbs cut out during the summer, while no cutting back was done until the fol- lowing winter. The winter pruning in this tree, as shown in Figure 10, merely consists of cutting back to buds all the limbs left. When a tree gets to this age the cutting back should be stopped and only such of the limbs as grow stronger than the rest should be cut back; also such trees as might have too thin a top should be cut back sufficient to make them stocky and to rebranch sufficiently to make the nec- essary amount of bearing wood. The pruning of a young tree should be done in such a way that when a tree gets to bearing age there are no Figure 5—Representing a three-year-old tree before being pruned. IQII Figure 7—A four-year-old tree before being winter pruned. This tree had all the unneces- sary limbs cut off in the summer. 5 large limbs that will need to be removed. The cutting of large limbs is always an unfortunate condition and should be avoided if possible by the proper pruning during the early life of a tree. Frequently an inexperienced pruner will leave too many limbs to start with, and about the time the tree is ready to come into bearing they will find it has too many limbs. As a result the fruit will be limb rubbed. Then, in order to overcome this difficulty, he will have to cut out large branches, and the cutting out of those large branches will throw the tree into wood growing when it should be bearing fruit. This is a very expensive and unfortunate condition which you will find in many orchards. I would also caution you about the over-bearing of young trees. Some varieties will start in bearing much younger than other varieties. Those varieties subject to over bearing Figure 8—Representing a four-year-old tree after having been cut back in the winter BETTER FRUIT should be pruned heavier than the shy bearers in order to force the wood growth on the over bearers, while the shy bearers should be pruned lightly, and even summer pruned in order to force them into bearing. However, it is always advisable to leave all the wood on the tree that it will stand in order to produce first class fruit. Diseases of various kind sometimes affect a tree, or a heavy load of fruit, or storms of winter in the shape of sleet or snow, may affect some of the limbs, and if you thin your tree too much to start with you haven’t got enough to spare a single branch in case of accident of any kind to your tree. By cutting off the injured or diseased limbs it would leave you without suffi- cient bearing surface on your tree to be able to get a good lot of fruit. Some growers frequently pride themselves on cutting their trees very heavily, and again others seem to be equally proud of letting their trees grow with- out any pruning. It should be your aim at all times to strike the happy medium. Prune your trees so that you have room to raise a good quality of fruit and at the same time have ample wood to bear a heavy load with as few props and other artificial supports as possible. In cutting large limbs on old trees they should always be cut as close as possible to the main limb, and as soon as dry painted with white lead paint or else waxed. In waxing it would be necessary to repeat the operation prob- ably every spring in order to keep it from cracking or peeling off, and the paint has the same drawback. A good many growers frequently make the mistake when their trees get old of not cutting back the long, slender limbs both in the top of the tree and the lower branches. From personal obser- vation I have seen trees that grew from terminal buds for a period of five or six years. The result was that the trees had a number of long, slim branches without any side branches, and their bearing surface was _ too great. As a result the fruit was very small. Where this condition exists there is only one remedy, and that is to cut all the long limbs back. This pruning should be done in the winter, preferably on trees that over bear, while on shy bearers I would do all the pruning during the growing season. There is a difference of opinion as to when summer pruning should be done; local conditions should govern the time for this work more than anything else. In cutting back these large limbs on old trees, whenever it is possible to do so, they should be cut back to small side limbs. By doing this you will avoid a tree throwing out a number of sharp forks where the cuts are made. It is always preferable, however, to prune bearing trees lightly each year, and by so doing keep them continually in good shape, as the extra heavy pruning is liable to force a bearing tree into strong wood growth at the expense of fruit for a period of years. Outside of the cutting back very little Page 23 Figure 9—Five-year-old tree before pruning pruning should be necessary in bearing trees, except cutting off the broken limbs or cross limbs. Of course, all watersprouts should be cut off during the summer, as the watersprouts hardly ever make fruit bearing wood. It sometimes is an advantage to cut back some of the small, slim branches inside of a bearing tree in order to keep them from crossing through the tree. By so doing you can save them and get fruit for a number of years, while if they were cut clean out it would merely lessen the productiveness of your trees just to the amount of the cutting you do. : What I have already said in regard to pruning of the apple will hold true to some extent about pears as well, though most pears, such as the Bartlett and similar varieties which have a tendency to fruit on terminal buds from last year’s growth, should be cut back each season while young in order Figure 10—Representing a five-year-old tree after having been winter pruned. Notice all the little spurs on this tree. Page 24 to prevent these terminal buds on the main branches from fruiting, and also to keep the tree stocky, which is fully as essential with the pear tree as it is with the apple tree, as many pear trees grow soft wood which is not able to hold a heavy load of fruit without breaking the tree all out of shape. In pruning all the varieties of pears that have a very upright habit of growth, like the Bartlett, I have seldom used the center shoot, as it would have a tendency to make the tree altogether too compact. As regards pruning of cherry trees, there is no need of such a heavy cut back as in the apple. After the tree is once headed and has a good shape all the pruning necessary con- sists of merely cutting out limbs that would make cross limbs and thinning out the extra branches where they are too thick. After the tree gets to bear- ing age this pruning can be done to the best advantage just after the fruit is harvested. There are numerous pruning tools on the market, a good many of which are of no particular use. The only tools I use from the time the trees are planted up to six or seven years old are a pair of small hand pruners, and after that I use the small hand pruners, three long-handled pruners, an eight- foot, a ten-foot and twelve-foot, and BETTER FRUIT also a fine tooth pruning saw. This is all the tools necessary to do good work. I prune everything I can reach with hand pruners, and on young trees fre- quently prune from a step ladder, espe- cially on trees where it is desirable to cut to buds, which should always be done as long as it is possible to do so, as the close cuts will heal over quite readily and form no wounds that might start decay in the tree as it grows older. Whenever a grower hasn’t had experience himself it would always be better to employ an experienced pruner to assist in the work, but good pruners are always scarce, and it is not advis- able to take a man’s word for it, as frequently the parties going around through the country and terming them- selves expert pruners know but very little about it, and if turned loose in your orchard may do a great deal more harm than good. While on the other hand, a good, competent pruner to instruct you in your own orchard for a few days would be the cheapest help you could employ, as he would give you more ideas about pruning in one day than you could pick up in a month by yourself. Where there is a strong prevailing wind it sometimes is necessary to stake trees. Many growers make a very serious mistake when they do stake December their trees by staking them too young. They will stake a young tree and tie it back; the result is that the limbs will blow over; then in order to overcome this it would be necessary to stake again with a taller stake and tie the branches to this stake. This is quite expensive and tedious work, and not at all satisfactory. In order to over- come this prune the tree carefully and leave it stand and sway with the wind until it is three or four years old. The top will then be practically straight with the trunk, so drive the stake firmly in the ground, pull the tree back and tie it up straight. As the top of the tree will be straight with the trunk and your tree well balanced, it is only necessary to tie it in one place, that is right about where you head the tree. By that time the lateral branches are so stiff and solid, if the tree has been growing well, that it will never blow over again, and if you keep it tied in this manner for three or four years the trunk will be sufficiently strong and stiff to be self-supporting. It sometimes is necessary to take pre- caution against the string cutting into the bark of the tree. The best pre- ventive against this is a short piece of rubber hose slipped on the string at the time of tying the trees back. Pruning, or the Building of an Apple Orchard By A. I. Mason, Hood River, Oregon (Reprinted by request) plans to build a house, always selects some certain style of struc- ture and then tries to follow it to com- pletion. It is just so with the success- ful orchardist; he should first deter- mine the style of structure of a tree that he desires and then follow it to completion. In other words, do not start an orchard by pruning a certain way one year and thereafter change it annually. If you do so, you will never obtain the desired results. If you want a tree with an open-center head or one with a center-stalk head you should begin your pruning with that fixed idea and follow it until completed. To obtain these two styles of trees requires an entirely different construc- tion. I shall not attempt to describe in this article the construction of a cen- ter-stalk tree, for almost every horti- cultural paper or magazine has scores of writers who have been supplying us for years with their superior center- stalk arguments, and, I might add, that they never forgot to ridicule the open- center headed tree. Now, I will not be so severe on those writers, for I know they are honest and believe they are advocating the best method, yet I believe they are wrong, and I shall endeavor to prove it. I cannot forget some of the arguments I have had in years past with many prominent apple growers to whom I tried to explain wherein the open-center headed tree was by far superior. But time has Lo: successful architect, before he made some changes, and, being a nat- ural born Missourian, I have tried to show them wherein an open-center headed tree, as I am growing, has many advantages over the center-stalk tree. The building of an apple tree should begin when the tree is first set in the orchard—in fact the roots should be pruned before setting. Figure 1 shows a tree as it should be set. The bruised ends of all roots should be cut off smoothly, and if gnarled or crossed roots are found they should be pruned back so as to leave all roots pointing in as near a natural outward position as possible. After the tree is set and the dirt firmly pressed around it, being careful not to make it higher than the surrounding surface of land, you should then make your first. pruning. If you have just one straight stalk, which I much prefer, you should make Figure 1—First Year your first cut about eighteen or twenty inches from the ground, as shown at “A,” Figure 1, leaving the terminal bud toward the prevailing winds. If when setting your one-year-old trees you find some small side limbs below the twenty-inch cut, which is quite com- mon with strong, vigorous trees, you should cut them back from two inches to four inches of the body of tree, as shown at “A,” Figure 2. Always try to leave the stronger and longer stubs toward the prevailing winds; in fact when setting the tree you should always set the heaviest side limbs toward the wind. This rule will hold good with either one or two-year-old trees. I much prefer to set a one-year- old tree, and under no circumstances would I set a tree older than two years; and I might add that in select- ing your trees be sure that you do not get large, overgrown, with all lower buds rubbed or cut off in the nursery. Get trees which will have at least a dozen good buds lower than twenty inches from the ground. In cuts, as shown in this article, you will observe that each cut shows not only a tree of different age, but they are different trees—in fact all were taken by the same photographer at the same time. Figure 2 shows a tree just after pruning in the early spring fol- lowing first year’s growth. This was a one-year-old tree when set, and one which possessed three small side limbs. You will observe that all of these side IQII Figure 2—Second Year limbs were cut back at setting time, as shown at “A,” Figure 2. I also at this time cut out the center stalk just above the crotch formed by this whorl of three limbs. This we will designate as the first pruning. During the first few weeks’ growth after a tree is set it will put out small sprouts at nearly every bud on the main stalk. All of these should be kept pinched back or rubbed off except the three or four stronger sprouts, which should be evenly dis- tributed around the stalk. Then about the middle of July I make my second pruning and cut off the main uprights, as shown at “B,” Figure 2. I also then remove all inside limb growth and leave only what few limbs have started to grow outward, and in such manner as to form a symmetrically shaped head. If side limbs are of uneven length I also clip back the longer ones, so as to form a well balanced head. In building an open-center headed apple tree one should always bear in mind that the main upright stalks should be given the advantage in every respect. Always keep them in advance of the rest of the tree. All inside growth should be kept out, and the main uprights should never be headed back as severely as rest of tree. After Figure 3—-Third Year BEIVER FRU a few years your whorl of center uprights will each become just as strong and vigorous growers as the original center stalk of a naturally shaped tree. Do I hear someone say- ing, “Let nature have its own way and grow a naturally shaped tree?” Yes, and I heard a prominent apple grower make this same statement in Columbia, Missouri, two years ago. It was at their state horticultural meeting, and this grower seemed to be proud that he had an eighty-acre orchard which had never been pruned. Said he: “Nature provides to shape a domestic tree as well as one of the forest.” To those who believe this theory I would suggest that they go to the mountains and gather crabapples, and not molest nature by trying to produce our lus- cious Spitzenberg and Yellow New- town apples. After your July pruning the first year, you should do no more pruning until the wood of the tree is well matured for the winter. I much prefer to do the next pruning in the spring- time, but we are always governed by local conditions, hence, if in a climate where danger arises from heavy snow and sleet, I would make this next pruning about the first week of Decem- ber; otherwise I would wait until spring. At this pruning I would cut main uprights, as shown at “C,” Figure 2, and also remove all limbs that do not grow outward and assist in forming a well balanced head. I am a firm believer in heavy pruning for the first few years. I want a decently shaped tree as well as a tree strong and stocky enough to support its fruit. Don’t be over anxious about your trees not bearing early. When you have obtained a healthy and well bal- anced tree, with a strong and heavy framework, you need not worry about getting your fruit, for your troubles then will be how to make your trees carry their burden. In Figure 3 you will observe the pruning has been done and the tree is ready to take on the third year’s growth. This is about the last year in which I would cut back strong and stocky varieties, except when necessary to obtain a shapely head to the tree. Our Newtown trees as a rule do not need the tops cut back after the third year, while our Spitz- enberg trees should be topped at least two years later, and then about every other year for at least the remainder of the first twelve years’ growth. Every successful orchardist must learn the nature of every variety of tree in his orchard, and prune accordingly, before he can become a_ proficient pruner. He must also take into con- sideration the climatic and soil condi- tions under which he is growing his orchard. To those who may find objections to some of my ideas upon pruning, I desire to say that they are based upon our local conditions in Hood River Val- ley, and my experience is limited per- sonally to two varieties, the Spitzen- berg and Newtown. However, I have Figure 4—Fourth Year one tree each of six other varieties, and with a little diversion in pruning I am able to form very desirable open-center heads on all of them. You will observe in all of my tree illustrations that the pruning has been done just prior to the beginning of a new year’s growth. You will also notice that Figures 1, 2 and 3 all show a cutting back of the previous year’s growth at terminal of limbs, and also a heavy thinning out of superfluous limbs. But beginning with Figure 4, and thereafter, you will observe that my topping consists of cutting back only to lateral limbs, always cutting so as to leave the remaining limbs toward the prevailing winds. And I want to say right here that I can hold a tree in better shape relative to the wind by pruning inteligently than by any other method known to horticul- ture. Props, poles, anchor wires or ropes sink into insignificance compared with the pruning shears when you desire to build a beautifully shaped Figure 5—Fifth Year Page 26 Figure 6—Sixth Year and stocky growing tree under unfa- vorable conditions. However, after you have built the above described tree then it becomes necessary to render nature some assistance in maintaining its abundant supply of fruit. How to do this I will describe later in this article. Figures 4, 5 and 6 all show the devel- opment of the main structure of an apple tree. The pruning in all these is about the same. At each pruning I remove all superfluous limbs, as those growing inward or crosswise of tree, also those that are too close to other limbs, and which will later become a part of the framework of the tree. One of the most common errors made by the inexeperienced orchardist in start- ing the head of an apple tree is to leave too many limbs for the lower frame- work of the tree. I prefer three limbs at base, and would prefer to have them distributed up and down the trunk as far apart as possible, but we cannot always obtain our preference, and have to be satisfied with what we can get. This is true in building an apple tree. Hence we may at times be forced to let four branches form the main frame- Figure 9—Cross Section Showing Permanent Twine Support a, Main upright stalk; b, No. 12 galvanized wire; c, Half-inch ring; d, Screw eye. BETTER FRUIT work for the head, but in all cases hold your first uprights as far apart as possible, and keep the center open and free from all limb growth. Sometimes it becomes necessary to sacrifice a part of one of the already established uprights by cutting it back to a lateral limb, so as to more evenly balance the head of the tree, and also to make a wider opening in the center of the tree. In all of these illustrations you will observe that there has been many prunings compared with the age of the tree. This is explained by my pruning twice a year—in the middle of July and in winter or spring. I am confi- dent that two prunings each year is by far the best. With young trees it enables me to obtain a tree of a more perfect balanced head in a _ shorter period, and also stimulates the growth of fruit buds on trees that are inclined to delay in bearing. However, after a tree has become large and is bearing nicely the pruning in summer consists in removing watersprouts, while in the winter months or early spring the grower can then cut out all cross or inward growing limbs, broken or injured limbs as well as an occasional limb which has become a nuisance by crowding some other part of the tree. I have now told you how to build the framework and shape the head of an open-center apple tree, but I have not told you how I make it stronger and more desirable as well as more con- venient than the center-stalk tree. To those who are opposed to the open-center tree on account of it being weak and easily split down, either with snow, sleet or fruit, I will frankly admit that if we do not give nature some mechanical assistance in this style of tree that it is a failure com- pared with a center-stalk tree. But under our climatic and soil conditions in this valley we are compelled to either use props or some other device to assist our apple trees in carrying their heavy loads of fruit, and it mat- ters not what age, or whether we have open or center-headed trees. To do away with propping is one of the greatest advantages of an open-center headed tree. I have adopted a system of wiring which remains permanently in the tree without injuring it, and without a rival as far as natural or mechanical supports are concerned. Each main upright stalk is wired to a small ring in center of tree. See Fig- ure 9. Each wire is fastened to a screweye, which is screwed into the main upright. This gives an umbrella system of supports and every upright is held in its natural position to be used as a framework, to which we support all outside limbs which are heavily loaded and require a support. The higher this interior wire system is placed the better, for it gives a better opportunity to tie the outer and lower limbs. I used atwelve-gauge galvanized wire, a half-inch galvanized harness ring and a small eyed screweye about one inch long. In about three years the wood growth has about covered the screweye and only a small wire December Figure 7—Thirteenth Year remains protruding from the main stalk. When these wires are put in carefully and in a neat manner it is there for a lifetime, and it matters not what kind of a crotch is at the base of tree, it is absolutely the strongest tree that can be constructed. Instead of a center-stalk tree with one main upright about six or eight inches in diameter, you have from four to eight uprights from three to four inches in diameter, and all of them arranged in a circular position forming a circle from three feet to four feet in diam- eter. This wire system should not be — put in limbs smaller than one inch in diameter, and in order to get these wires as high as possible I have adopted a temporary support (see Fig- ure 8) to be used for a few years until trees are taller and uprights larger. If trees are early bearing varieties, or you are in a district where sleet and snow weight your trees during the winter, it is then advisable to add a temporary support to these trees which are too small to receive the permanent wire supports. Figure 8 shows a cross section .of the main upright branches Figure 8—Cross Section Showing Temporary Wire Support a, Main upright stalk; b, Two-ply soft spun hemp or manila twine. BGI ISI le OVS h Examining the Buds in F. R. Barney’s Orchard, Grand Junction, Colorado, After the Freeze Ideal Coal Heaters used. of a tree from four to six years of age which needs an early support. I encircle the main uprights with a sys- tem of separate loops of twine. You will observe that each limb is con- nected with each other limb next to it by tying the twine in a circular belt around both limbs. This gives each upright an opportunity to expand in growth without obstruction of sap flow, and also insures the uprights to always retain their correct position, and it matters not to what kind of stormy weather the trees have been subjected. I use a soft spun two-ply tarred twine, either Manila or hemp. Under our climatic conditions this will last at least three years, after which I put in the permanent wire support, as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 9. In Figure 7 one of my orchard men is standing on the wire system, which was placed there three years ago. The wires upon which he is standing are too small to be shown by a photograph. If you will look closely you may see some of the twine strings which con- nect the side limbs to main uprights. These side limbs were heavily loaded with fruit last season. I use the same twine for tying the side limbs that I use for temporary supports, and I never remove a twine until it has become rotten or has broken. The cost of placing the permanent wire system in each tree is about twenty cents, including labor and material. Compared with propping trees the tying with twine and sup- porting with wire is by far the cheaper method, less liable to injure the limbs and more safe in protecting apples from falling or limbs from breaking. I believe I have given you some ideas that will assist you in obtaining an open-center tree, and I believe I should now give a few reasons to substantiate my ideal method of building an apple tree. An open-center tree, braced as I have outlined, is much stronger than the center-stalk tree. It provides bet- ter opportunity for sunlight and circu- lation of air, thereby producing higher color and better keeping qualities of Crop saved the fruit on the interior of tree. It pro- vides an open center which is a work- house for my apple thinners and pick- ers. It makes it possible for me to get to the center of my tree on a bridge supported by two tripod step ladders on either side of the tree (which time and space forbids me describing here), and from this bridge my apple thinners and pickers can work without climb- ing out upon the limbs. It enables me to spray my fruit more thoroughly and holds the head of the tree in the best possible shape for self-protection against storms, heavy winds and heavy loads of fruit. I could give many reasons why I pre- fer a low-topped tree, but I cannot impose upon your good nature at this time. However, I must say something relative to the pruning tools. All tools that I want are a pair of small hand pruners, two long extension pruners (one eight feet and the other twelve feet) and a small pruning saw. I was somewhat amused when I noticed a picture in a back number of “Better Fruit” wherein it showed eight or ten pruners upon high step ladders trying to prune with short wooden handled Page 27 pruners about two feet long. This represents, in my opinion, a waste of labor as well as very poor results. You are too close to limbs to make comparisons. When you work from the ground you are farther from the top, can better compare one side of the tree. with the other, and hence can make a more shapely tree, and you can cut off twice as many limbs in half the time. If it is a cold day you can move around enough to keep from freezing. One more thought on pruning, then I have finished. If it should become necessary to remove a medium or large sized limb, cut it close to the remain- ing stalk and cover the wound with good grafting wax. Please don’t use paint. It is absolutely worthless as compared with wax, and is no cheaper. No end grain wound on an apple tree was ever painted that did not in a short time show cracks, and at the bottom of which the wood soon begins to rot. In my orchard I can show you end grain wounds five years old on some worked over Ben Davis trees that have not yet healed over, and the wood is just as sound as it was the day it was first cut. I rewax the wounds each spring. These trees were eight years old when grafted, and many limbs from three inches to four inches in diameter were removed. The wax I use is made as follows: One pound tallow, two pounds bees- wax, four pounds resin, which melted together forms the stock solution, and, when using, thin with turpentine, according to weather conditions. If real cold it will require more turpen- tine, and if real warm it will need but little or no turpentine. Add _ turpen- tine by remelting a part of the stock solution. Editor Better Fruit: Yours of the sixth instant at hand, and in reply I wish to thank you very heartily for the favor of your most excellent publication. It does not require it, however, to keep us convinced of your good work, but we are mightly glad to get it, for it is good reading and instructive. Again thanking you for your courtesy, we are very respectfully, Walla Walla Commercial Club. L. M. Brown, Pub- licity Manager. Page 28 BE here December The Science of Pruning and the Shaping of Fruit Trees By Professor Wendell Paddock, formerly of Colorado State Experiment Station T is not generally realized that l| when a tree is taken from the nursery row a large portion of the root system is left in the ground. The balance between the roots and the top is thus destroyed, and obviously a part of the top should be removed. Practi- cally all of the elements which nourish and build up a tree, save one, are taken from the soil by the roots in liquid form. This material is carried in the cell sap mostly through the outer sap wood to the leaves. Here the crude food is changed by the influence of the sunlight and the green substance of the leaves to a form that can be readily assimilated by the plant. Much of this elaborated food may be stored in the cells, especially in the fall, to be drawn upon at any time that the roots fail to supply the requisite amount. In trans- planting the nursery tree is often deprived of one-half or more of its roots, and not only must it become established in the soil, but it must pro- duce a large number of new roots before much new food can be supplied. In the meantime the leaves begin to push out and the reserve food and moisture may all be used before the root system is in a condition to sup- ply more. Is it any wonder, then, that the failure to cut back the the tops of newly planted trees results in the death of many of them? This is especially true in Colorado, as the dry air and intense sunshine cause the young trees to dry out rapidly. The trees should be heeled in deeply, at once, in damp soil, and when planting the work should be so arranged that the roots shall be exposed to the air for the shortest pos- sible time. All bruised and torn roots should be carefully removed, leaving smoothly cut ends which will readily heal; if this is not done decay is apt to ——— igure 1 Figure 1A Figure 1B Figure 1C set in, which may seriously injure the tree. Long, straggling roots may well be shortened, and if a tangled mass of fine roots are present they should be shortened and thinned. Some success- ful growers also insist that where large spreading roots occur a slanting cut should be made, so that the cut surface may rest flat upon the ground. There are several insect pests and plant diseases which are very common on young trees. The woolly aphis is such an insect, and it is doing a great amount of damage in all sections of the state. This insect lives on the roots of trees, and is introduced to our orchards almost wholly by infected nursery stock. When once _ established it spreads rapidly and is almost impos- sible to eradicate. Crown gall is a common disease in many nurseries, and it attacks all kinds of fruit trees. It is the worst kind of folly to plant a tree which has a trace of this disease, for not only is the tree pretty sure to die before it comes into full bearing, but the infection may be spread by the cultivator or in irrigation water to all parts of the orchard. The proper formation of the top is by no means the least important reason for cutting back the branches of newly planted trees. In the first place, the importance of low-headed trees for this climate cannot be too strongly emphasized. In addition to forming low heads there can be no question but that it pays to still further protect the trunks of newly planted trees from injury by sun scald. Various devices are used, such as wrapping the trunks with burlap, paper, straw, wood veneer, or by shading the trunk on the southwest side with a thin piece of board set upright in the ground. Whitewashing the young trunks to serve the same purpose has come to be extensively used in portions of Cali- fornia. The advantages of low-headed trees may be mentioned as follows: Greater ease in picking, thinning, pruning and spraying, and less damage to trees and fruit from winds. Some growers object to low-headed trees on account of the greater difficulty of cultivating around them, but with proper pruning low- headed trees develop the ascending branches. These trees (referring to illustration) can be worked around as easily as they could if they had only one trunk. In pruning trees one of two ideals must be adopted, which are known as the pyramidal and vase forms. The former preserves the leader, which is made to form a central shaft to the tree. This style has the advantage of more bearing surface, as the leader grows, and in time forms a “two- storied” tree. The leader is done away with in the vase form and a few limbs, usually not more than five, are selected to form the top. A more or less open- centered tree is thus formed, but by skillful pruning this space is occupied by branches of bearing wood. The term low-headed is a relative one, but a top may be considered low when the first branch is thirty inches from the surface of the ground. Our own preference is for a trunk about twenty inches in height. But whatever height is determined upon the tree must be cut back, preferably just after it has been planted. Should the tree be supplied with suitable limbs at the point where the head is desired three to five of them should be selected to form the framework of the tree. The rest should be removed. The selected branches should then be short- ened into a sound bud within a few inches of the main stem. But ordi- narily the lower branches are pruned nursery, off in the so that we sel- i} Figure Figure 2A TOIL Figure 3B Figure 3C dom get a tree from which suitable branches may be selected. In this ease the entire top should be removed with- out regard to branches, making the cut a foot to eighteen inches above the point where the lowest limb is wanted. In doing this it is expected that branches will push out below in suffi- cient numbers, so that suitable selec- tions may be made. For this reason strong yearling trees are always prefer- able to older ones, and in fact apple trees of this age are now commonly used in California. Should suitable branches fail to grow one of the lower branches, which nearly always form, must be developed to form a new head. The trees should be gone over several times during the first summer to remove surplus shoots, and especially those which push out far below the point where the lowest branch is wanted. Occasionally some of the upper branches develop a vigorous growth at the expense of the others. These should be headed back so as to give all a chance to develop, otherwise some of the important scaffold limbs may be found to be very weak at the close of the season. When a branch is headed back great pains should be taken to make a slanting cut just above a sound bud. If made too far above the stub will die back at least as far as the bud, and often farther. If made too close the bud may be so injured that a stub is formed which will die back at least to the next sound bud. Ordinarily a profusion of branches will be pushed out, which may be allowed to grow as they will during the first season, or they may be cut back to one or two buds. By the time these branches begin to grow the roots are established in the soil and new ones formed, so that an adequate sup- ply of plant food is provided. The kind of top which the tree is to assume is developed with the first sea- son’s pruning, which should be begun in most sections not earlier than the Be eles JET OAIIE first of March... It is commonly under- stood among orchard men that trees must not be pruned when the wood is frozen. In any case the rule is a good one to follow. From three to five limbs are now selected to form the framework of the tree, which should be cut back about twelve inches from the trunk. The rest are removed. If the lowest branch has been taken out at twenty inches from the .ground the highest branch should be at least a foot above. A common mistake is to cut trees back too far, thus crowding the branches. Neither were these branches thinned out nor headed in during the first season, but were all allowed to develop into leaders. This latter mis- take often results in long willowy branches, which droop with a load of fruit, and is the main reason for con- demning low-headed trees. Many grow- ers carry their pruning up to this point successfully, but fail to head in the first season’s growth, and so miss one of the critical points in the proper formation of the top. Second Year.—It may be regarded as a rule that when a limb is cut back, unless the cut is made just above a strong lateral, two or more branches will develop near the cut end and some of the buds lower down will develop into shoots. The usual practice is to allow two of these to grow on each of the previous year’s limbs to form an additional framework for the tree. The two selected should be some dis- tance apart, one at the end and one farther back, and so placed that the development of crotches will be impos- sible. They are now cut back from a half to two-thirds of their growth and the latertals are shortened to one or two buds, so that they may later develop fruit spurs and also shade the branches with their cluster of leaves. If too many have formed some of them should, of course, be removed. Third Year.—The framework of the tree should now be well formed, so that it will require less attention from this time on. Surplus branches and those that rub or are inclined to form crotches should be removed. Very vig- Page 29 | ! teal Y ye y | | t Figure 3 Figure 3A Figure 4 orous growths should also be headed in. Thus far our discussion has been confined to the shaping of open or vase-formed trees. If a leader is desired the treatment is practically the same, except that the upper shoot is allowed to grow with little heading in. Branches are allowed to develop on this leader at proper intervals, using the same care as to location, pruning and development as in the former case. The trees in Figures 1 and 2 were all headed back about twenty-four inches in April. This left them mere stubs. Had there been any laterals below this point they would have been pruned back to single buds, so that clusters of leaves might have formed, and thus provided some shade for the trunks. These pictures show how the trees looked the following April, at the time of the first pruning. No. 1 had formed five vigorous branches and No. 2 pro- duced four. The five branches on No. 1 were saved to form a framework for the tree, and were cut back to about one foot in length. These are well dis- tributed about the trunk, but have the fault that they are too close together. The lowest limb might well be double the distance from the top that it now is. No. 1a shows No. 1 after it was pruned, with the idea of making an open-center tree. No. 2 is also open to the objec- tion that the limbs are too close. All of these were saved to form the frame- work of a tree with a leader, as is shown in No. 2a. The only difference between this and No. 1a being that the topmost branch was left longer than the others. The pruner of this tree is open to severe criticism in that he has allowed three vigorous limbs to grow from near the surface of the ground. These limbs could serve no useful pur- pose, and so only rob the other limbs of plant food. Such growths are best prevented by pinching off the buds Page 30 early in the season. No. 3 has failed to throw out enough branches to form a suitable top. The two which it pro- duced are nearly opposite, so that a bad crotch would soon result. Both these branches were cut back to the second bud, as shown in 3a, in the hope of inducing dormant buds to push out lower down. No. 4 shows one of this lot of trees that was left unpruned. Notice the weak spindling growth and short laterals, as compared with the others. There is small chance of mak- ing a decent tree out of such a speci- men, even though it should live. Such illustrations as this should prove to anyone that all trees should be headed back when planted, if for no other pur- pose than to induce a vigorous growth. Pruning should, of course, be done in late winter or early spring, but these trees were pruned for the purpose of illustration, and the results are shown in 1c, 2c and 3c. Tree No. 1 has now taken the form shown in 1c. One of the scaffold limbs seemed superfluous, so it was removed and the new growth, shown in Figure 1b, was cut back about one-half. The few side shoots were cut back to a single bud, with the idea of developing fruit spurs. During the sea- son of 1906 numerous branches should develop on all of these scaffold limbs. As a rule two of the best placed of these secondary limbs will be selected on each of the main scaffold limbs to form additional framework. The rest may be removed or cut back to develop fruit spurs, as may be. The form of the tree, then, should be developed at the beginning of the season, and sub- sequent pruning should be directed toward retaining this shape, cutting back excessive growths, and_ thin- ning and renewing the bearing wood. The pruning of tree No. 2 is much the same, except that a leader is being developed. Figure 2c shows that although the top was cut back the same as tree No. 1, the topmost branch is developing into a vigorous central shaft. The first set of scaffold limbs have been formed and a second set is to be developed at a suitable distance above. The new growth is to be cut back the same as has been described. The tree shown in the series 3-3c is, so far, pretty much of a failure. The severe heading given it in the spring failed to make branches develop lower - down. It would have been a better plan to have inserted two or three buds at suitable points around the main stem in June. This can probably be done next June, but the chance for suc- cess is not so great. Limbs can be developed by this means just where they are wanted, but the average per- son will succeed better with trees which do not require such manip- ulation. The form of the young tree should be well established after the third season. From this time on the question of pruning is simply to retain, so far as possible, the form we have started to prevent the formation of crotches and cross branches, to thin out an excess BEE Reems of branches, so that sunlight may be admitted and the amount of bearing wood reduced and renewed. Prune in summer to induce fruitfulness and in winter to promote wood growth. This is true for the reason that summer pruning checks the growth of the tree by removing a portion of the leaf sur- face. An injury of any kind will have the same effect, likewise a weak grow- ing or sickly tree should be severely headed in while still dormant in order to induce a vigorous top growth. Thin out the top then every year. No gen- eral rule can be given, as each tree presents a different problem. A thick growth of branches results in weak bearing shoots and spurs. And finally, when cutting back limbs on bearing trees, the cut should be made just above a strong lateral wherever possible. The tendency of the sap will be to flow into December the lateral, and thus prevent the forma- tion of numerous branches which nearly always results when a stub cut is made. One should become well acquainted with the habit of growth of different varieties, as a few kinds grow slowly and will not bear heavy pruning. Others are erect growers and some are spreading. The upright varieties may be spread somewhat by pruning to the outside laterals, and the spreading kinds may be contracted by cutting to those which have an inward direction. And by cutting back the vigorous growths each season, those two feet and over in length, the limbs are made stocky, thus in a great measure doing away with drooping branches. This can only be done by intelligent annual pruning. Hints on Hexagon System of Tree Planting By F. J. Rupert, Salem, Oregon (Reprinted by request) FTER looking over the various hints on tree planting by the. square and hexagonal, triangular sys- tems it occurred to the writer that the latter system might be placed before the planter in a way which would give him a clear and concise idea of just how to lay off his land, either in set- ting out one or more acres of apples, pears, etc., and provide him with infor- et SSS Fes ee me mation as to the exact number of per- manent trees and fillers required. The article by W. H. Lawrence in Decem- ber, 1909, number of “Better Fruit,” together with the illustrations, was truly of value to the planter who desires to adopt the square method of planting permanent and filler trees, as it shows exactly the number of trees per acre and distance apart of permanent trees, TQITT as well as distance of fillers from the permanent trees, viz.: Permanent trees thirty feet apart each way, seven rows of trees, seven trees to the row—total forty-nine permanent trees per acre. Fillers in center of each square of four permanent trees, 19% feet from per- manent trees, alowing 36 fillers, or a total of 85 trees per acre. Also, on page 28 of the same issue, Mr. Edward G. Merwin describes to a certain extent the method of planting by the hex- agonal system, showing small diagrams to illustrate the same, also giving infor- mation relative to thinning, but there is an absence of illustration to show acreage planting, number of trees, both permanent and fillers, which will be shown by the accompanying diagram. Here is shown a plat representing an area of 195x183 feet 9 inches, or approximately 42,997 square feet. It will be observed that the width of the area is the greater. We will presume that one acre is to be set in apples. Commence at a point 12 feet 4 inches below and 6 feet 9 inches to the right of upper left-hand corner and set stake for first permanent tree, 30 feet to the right of this stake set stake for second permanent tree, and so on until seven stakes have been set 30 feet apart crosswise of the area in a straight line, as shown by the large BE REE RRO dots, which represent the permanent trees. Then measure down from a point midway between two first per- manent trees 26 feet 3 inches and set first stake for permanent tree of sec- ond row. Measuring from this point to the first or second permanent tree diagonally the distance will be thirty feet. Then to the right thirty feet set stake for second permanent tree of second row, and so on across the area. Proceed according to the diagram until you have set stakes for eight rows of seven trees each. Here, instead of having 49 trees thirty feet apart as in the square method of planting, you have 56 trees, each thirty feet apart, a gain of seven trees within the acre area. It is largely the rule with plant- ers in setting out a young orchard, by way of economy in the land, to plant what are known as fillers, or some other variety of fruit, such as peaches, between the permanent trees. Dwarf pears may also be used, they occupy- ing less space than the large or stand- ard varieties. We will presume that peaches are used as fillers. They come into bearing earlier than apples or pears, and also some other fruits, and several crops may be harvested while the permanent trees are coming into full commercial bearing. So long as the fillers do not crowd the perma- Page 31 nent trees or render cultivation, prun- ing, etc., difficult they may remain in the orchard and produce an income from the spare ground space. When they do begin to crowd the permanent trees by way of obstructing the free inlet of sunlight, or interfere in any way with the proper care of the per- manent trees they may be removed, but they will have paid for themselves many times over before it becomes necessary to remove them. By further reference to the diagram it will be seen that there are smaller dots between the larger ones. Each small dot represents a filler tree. The fillers thus set will be fifteen feet dis- tant from the nearest permanent tree. In this case the same number of fillers may be used as permanent trees, or 56. The total number of trees to the acre will thus be 112 instead of only 95 by the common square method of planting. As aforesaid, it is presumed that one acre is being thus planted. As there are approximately 208% feet on the sides and ends of an acre square of land, in setting the trees within an area of 195x183 feet 9 inches, as shown by the diagram, there will be a margin on both sides of 6 feet 9 inches, and on both ends of approximately 12 feet 4 inches. The Appalachian Mountain Orchards settled at Jamestown, Plymouth Rock, and in turn all the eastern parts of North America, it was very natural to bring with them the fruits they and their fathers before them had grown in their old homes across the sea. Thus came the grape, the peach, cherry, plum, pear and the apple. Indeed there are few of our standard fruits from the orange and lemon of the same tropics to the currant that flourishes only in the cooler regions that we did not get from the Old World. We have taken under culture, it is true, some of the native fruits of America and made much of them, but for the most part we are indebted to the ancestral homes of our forefathers for those that fill our markets and delight our palates. Some of them, or perhaps all, we have improved by producing new varieties, and of the apple this is notably true, for nowhere in all the world has there originated and been grown so many choice apples as in America. The use to which the grape and apple were chiefly put in Europe and im all the Old World in the cen- turies gone by was for making wine and cider, and that was the main object in planting these fruits on this side of the ocean by those who came to make their new homes in the wilderness. They had been used to wine and cider, and likewise their fathers before them, and any variety that would make that which was the most alcoholic was the best. But the grape and apple, as | YOR the early pioneers who first By Professor H. E. Van Deman, Washington, D. C. articles of food, have come into their proper estate in this country more than elsewhere in all the world. The pio- neers learned to appreciate the value of good apples to eat, and they not only ate them in the fresh state, but dried them to serve as a part of the winter’s store of food. And it must have been The Handy Apple Tree Description of this tree will be found in article “Appalachian Mountain Orchards” in the brain of some thrifty and provi- dent Yankee woman of the olden times that apple butter had its origin. As the settlements spread the orchards spread with them. The coast regions were found to be less fertile and not so well adapted to farming as the valleys along the streams that flowed into the Atlantic, and they were followed up to their sources in the mountains. There the bold pioneers, with gun in one hand and axe in the other, wrested from the savage and the wilderness the bonus of our ancestry. In those days of primitive horticulture there was scarcely a grafted or budded fruit tree planted. The art of propagating and the nursery industry were almost unknown. “Johnny Appleseed” was not only a blessing to the age, but the hero of pioneer American pomology, and it is fitting that to the memory of John Chapman there is standing at Mansfield, Ohio, a monument to attest to the generations to come his many good deeds. When on a recent tour of observation in the mountain sections of North Carolina and Virginia I saw one of the most notable and, I think, the largest apple tree in the world. It came from seed that was supposed to have been thoughtlessly dropped in an apple core about a century ago at a hunter’s camp in what is now Patrick County, Vir- ginia. I have been to the spot and put my arms part way around the giant trunk, which is over four feet in diam- eter. This tree is over sixty feet high IAOO 32 and over seventy feet in spread. After a storm some years ago two wagon loads of wood were cut and hauled from its broken branches. Over 130 bushels of apples have been gathered from a single crop. It stands in a rich little valley, far up toward the Blue Ridge, is yet in fair vigor and is known as the “Handy Apple Tree,” from the name of the owner of the litthe moun- tain farm. This tree is only one of thousands of apple and cherry trees of lesser size that flourish in this orchard paradise. In the course of my travels through this part of the Appalachian Mountains I have had the opportunity to see many of the oldest and also the best of the modern orchards planted there. During the last trip, which was made when the spring flowers were in their best attire, but before the rhodo- dendrons and azaleas had bedecked the mountain slopes and borders of the trout brooks with the full glory of their season, I saw more of these orchards than ever before. The plant- ing has increased wonderfully of late, and is still in rapid progress. I saw one large orchard near Altapass, North Carolina, on the Chickfield Railway and on the crest of the Blue Ridge, that has recently been planted, where there are a few very old apple, pear and cherry trees that were set by the pio- neers. A more suitable orchard site I have never seen, except in the lay of the ground, and the young trees give every promise of success. The soil is loose, deep and rich in plant food and humus. The climate is cool and rains abundant. The apples grown there keep well and are of excellent flavor. But passing on northward, as I was then on my way from the pecan orchard in Louisiana to my home in Washington, D. C., I stopped to again and more carefully inspect the orchards about Stuart, Virginia, which is near the North Carolina line and in Patrick County. I had been there eight years before and spent a week looking over the country and the orchards. One orchard farm, back from the rail- road nearly twenty miles and near the crest of Blue Ridge, had been produc- ing apples that had taken many prizes at the fairs in competition with those of New York and other Eastern states, and I wanted to see the trees. This I did, and was delighted with them and the soil in which they stood. This and the cool, moist climate was the secret of success, aside from good varieties and thorough culture. The owner is Mr. George Via, and he deserves credit for what he has done for his state and himself as well. The Rangely orchard is one of the best of the older apple orchards about Stuart. It was planted by Colonel Rangely, formerly of New York, and is largely of Winesap, Ben Davis and York Imperial. The oldest trees are some thirty years planted and the younger ones not much past six years. They have been wisely and faithfully cared for generally speaking, I think, from their appearance. They have not BETTER FRUIT been over-pruned or under-sprayed. The vield of apples has been ample, and the future of this orchard is bright. At the time of my visit there eight years ago there was a large orchard contemplated, and I looked over the tract of some eight hundred acres, and liked it well. At a meeting of those interested I helped in the forming of the company and the plans. Since then there have been planted five hundred acres, and the older trees are in bearing. It is known as the “Stuart Orchard,’ and is one of the most valuable young orchards I know. The varieties are the best for that region, and largely Stayman, York Imperial, Winesap, Grimes, Black Ben and Rome Beauty. On the higher part are some Newtown trees and a splendid peach orchard of some forty acres. A few trees of Bing and Lambert cher- ries have been planted at my sug- gestion, and they are sure to do well, for there are old seedlings of sweet cherry trees of stately size on the prop- erty that bear heavily and regularly. There is access to the railroad about two miles away and an easy down grade all the way. Just east of this, the Stuart Orchard, lies another tract of about six hundred acres that is even of better character for orchard pur- poses. It has the same general south- eastern slope and the land is rolling December without being steep, except in a very few places. At one corner and at the head of a rushing trout stream is one of the famous mountains coves of about forty acres that produces the Newtown, or Albemarle Pippin. The land lies rather steep, but the soil is deep and exceedingly rich. On this splendid site will be planted another orchard of over four hundred acres, with the most approved varieties, and that very soon. The cove will be set to Newtown and the rest to Stayman, York Imperial, Winesap, Delicious and a few other standard varieties. Within the last few days the company and capital have all been arranged. I will have an interest in it, and hope to see one of the best orchards in the country grow- ing there before the next two years pass by. There is ample and never- failing water in the trout stream that flows through the property to develop electric power to move and light every- thing needed. By a system of under- ground pipes, such as the Stuart Orchard now has, the spraying will be done by gravity from springs that put out from the mountain range imme- diately to the northwest. Water and sunshine will thus be turned into wealth, and at no cost to the world that grows under the oppression of the speculators. A Superior Orchard Plan By Professor H. E. Van Deman, Washington, D. C. URING the last year there have been several instructive articles in “Better Fruit” about orchard plans and ways of laying them out. After care- fully looking them all over and com- paring them with each other and with others that I have known for many years past, I feel that more can be HO) . ‘ ete he : 1 We @ lO we He Qe Be we @ © @eaee @ + OG ox : & written on this subject that would be of advantage to those who are planting orchards. Some of the plans and meth- ods of planting described I have tried out practically, and all the others I have seen demonstrated. Some of them in hundreds of places and with many kinds of fruit trees, and from one coast to the other. I am always looking for something better than what we already have. Now and then a good idea is suggested or an improvement seen, and I think it both duty and pleasure to let others know of anything of the kind. In the spring of 1871 I began plan- ning orchards of my own and the next spring I had them well started on my Kansas farm. The hexagonal plan appealed to me as the most economical and practicable, and I followed it throughout. The filler system I have devised, by which early bearing vari- eties of apples were to be set between those that were desirable, yet later coming into the fruiting stage. If any- one else had thought out and worked out this plan before this time I have never heard of it. JI also had a fine theory about growing peach trees as fillers in apple orchards, and this I put into practice in one of my orchards. After a few years of experience my theories had to be readjusted to suit the facts. I had planted the permanent apple trees two rods, or thirty-three feet apart, and the fillers between them, which made the completed orchard stand one rod apart. This was right enough for the conditions in Kansas, TOTI Bd Teles Je UAL The Olson Orchard Coal Heater in Action in the Grand Valley, Colorado Manufactured by The Colorado Fruit and Commercial Company, Grand Junction, Colorado where the trees stood, but the problem of thinning out the fillers had to be solved, and to take out a part of them would not leave those remaining equally distant apart, as anyone can easily see by making a draft of the plan. This was an objection that I did not fully foresee, and I had to make the best of it. During a long talk with my old friend, Fred Wellhouse, the great apple king of Kansas, we devised a plan that has since withstood the test of time, and seems to be without a fault. If there is one I am ready to see it and make any change that may seem to be for the better. The hexagonal system had to be abandoned entirely and a system of planting in plain squares adopted. From a sys- tem of equilateral triangles the change was made to a system of equilateral rectangles. Theoretically the trees may seem to cover the space more eco- nomically, and certainly do so more evenly, but practically there is no dif- ference for the roots ramify the entire soil between the trees and the branches fill all the air space that they should occupy, and leave sufficient light to varify the foliage and color the fruit. The plan may be very properly called the progressive filler system because of the ease and practicability of working it out from start to finish. The accompanying diagram will show it almost at a glance. The plan is made after the most simple fashion, in plain squares, and it does not matter if the rows run square with the work or at any desired angle to suit the location of the orchard. The distance apart may and should differ according to the kinds of trees and where they are to be planted. For most fruit trees, and over the greater part of the country, . distances twenty-five feet is the proper distance apart. This I have decided after many vears of practice and careful study of orchard trees of many kinds planted at and in all sections of the country. It is the ideal distance for apple trees unless it be in the prairie states, where they bear very early and die soon from this cause, and from the severe weather and violent changes of temperature, and from humidity to aridity. I once thought twenty feet to be space enough and advocated plant- ing apple trees that distance apart, but after more experience and observation Photograph Copyrighted 1909 by F. E. Dean, Grand Junction, Colorado a Page 32 I am sure that twenty-five feet is much better. It gives more room for the trees to spread and allows the fillers to stand and bear several years longer than they could if they had less room. When the branches show that they will soon come together between the rows a part of the fillers must come out, and there must be no delay about it until they do come together or serious injury will be the result. It hurts fruit trees to even show by _ their growth that they are afraid of each other, for this is positive evidence that there is trouble between them. There is a struggle going on for room for full development, and both are the worse for the fight. By cutting out each alternate diagonal row, or one-half the orchard trees, the remaining will be nearly thirty-six feet apart, and there will be ample room for the trees to grow and bear for at least ten years longer. After that time has passed or whenever the signs of too close aproach are seen all the remaining fillers must be taken out, leaving only the permanent trees, and they will be fifty feet apart. This is ample room for full development to old age. These stages of gradual growth and thinning out of the fillers are shown in the dia- gram. If only one variety is planted in the orchard the trees will be equally as well benefited by the thinning as if two or more varieties are planted, but the opportunity for mixed planting is excellent. Cross-pollenation is a well determined fact, and its benefits are evident to all who have intelligently followed the practice of inter-planting varieties. For pear, cherry and peach trees twenty-five feet apart is a good distance, although many would think it to far, and this would be true of dwarf pear trees and for peach trees in regions where they do not grow to large size. Sweet cherry trees will Mr. J. L. Hamilton Lighting the Hamilton Reservoir Orchard Oil Heater . Manufactured by Hamilton Reservoir Orchard Heater Company, Grand Junction, Colorado Page 34. need the thinning out of at least one- half of their number, or the first stage, as has already been described for apple trees, and in some sections they grow to such large size that they will require at the second thinning fully fifty feet of space. When I was in the olive orchards of California and Ari- zona last year I noticed that this sys- tem and the twenty-five feet distance with progressive thinning would work splendidly. It is also just right for orange, lemon and pomelo trees, and I am growing them in this way very successfully in Florida. It is a very common and serious blunder to plant and continue to grow these citrus fruits too closely, and to the injury of both trees and fruit. One of the mistakes that I made by following an untried theory was injur- ing an apple orchard by growing peach trees in it. The theory of early bear- ing and profits from peaches is all very nice, but the practice is bad. Peach trees are more rampant growers than BETTER FRUIT apple trees, and their roots rob those of the apple trees to an injurious extent. Besides the little experience of this kind that I had years ago I have seen thousands of orchards since in which the same mistake had been made by others. Apricot trees are even worse than peach trees in an apple orchard because they are more greedy growers. Plant them in _ separate orchards for the above reason, and also because they need different culture and spraying. There is no good reason, so far as I can see, for planting the two together. They will occupy no more ground if on separate plots than if inter-planted. Apple trees of early bearing varieties will produce returns soon enough, and the peach or apricot trees can be planted on an adjacent tract if desired, and the grower can have the fruit to sell from them stand- ing there as well as if they were between the apple trees, and without the objections I have mentioned. The Art of Summer Pruning By W. S. Thornber, Chief Department of Horticulture, Washington State College RUNING of trees and plants has been practiced as an art ever since plants have been cultivated, but like many other agricultural arts, the coun- tries and districts to which fruit grow- ing has been carried have differed so materially from where the funda- mental ideas were conceived that in reality new fundamentals for the art of pruning have been developed. When the early writer said “prune when your knife is sharp and always keep your knife sharp” he did not take into consideration the effect that pruning at different seasons of the year would have upon the tree or plant. The real purpose of summer pruning is to check the naturally rampant growth of your young fruit trees on the rich, virgin soils and hasten the period of profitable fruit Very little consideration has been given to summer pruning in most fruit growing districts of the East for the reason that land generally used for fruit was cheap, practically worthless for anything else, and that it was an Figure 1—Sixteen-year-old apple tree summer pruned at just the right time for the formation of fruit spurs. Previous to 1907 this tree had produced very light crops. Two severe sum- mer prunings corrected the evil. bearing. . established fact that a tree could not be made to bear fruit before nature, in her slow way, intended it should. The high values of Western orchard land, and high cost of bringing orchards into bearing, compelled man to seek early returns. Certain nat- urally tardy, shy bearing varieties, when planted on deep, rich, moist, clay soils of the Pacific slope, under nor- mal conditions, delay the bearing period even more than the same vari- eties in the East. J have known of Northern Spy trees eighteen and nine- teen years of age that have never fruited, this, of course, is absurd and cannot be profitably tolerated. Practical fruit growers now recog- nize the general law that heavy winter pruning tends to develop wood growth, while heavy summer pruning tends to dévelop fruit buds and fruit. Theo- retically this statement is true, but practically it is not, as it is possible to secure just as heavy wood growth by pruning in June as it is by pruning in January. In fact, under Western con- ditions, I frequently favor the May or June pruning to the January pruning. Under very favorable conditions both January and June pruning are advis- able for the production of wood. This is especially true with strong growing varieties of both apples and pears when one desires to avoid long pole- like branches and hasten the fruiting time of certain trees. On the other hand, it should not be practiced on weak, tardy growers. The reader will readily see that the so-called summer pruning may affect trees in diamet- rically opposite ways, and produce wood under one condition and fruit buds under another. To differentiate and intelligently practice summer pruning the pruner must have an inti- mate knowledge of tree growth in his particular district and be more or less December ae Figure 2—Another very light bearer partially corrected by summer pruning. While pruned at the same time as the former, yet it was too early for this naturally late grower, as is illus- trated by the long twig growth and the rather light formation of fruit buds. familiar with the habits of the vari- eties. No specific dates for particular sections can be set when summer prun- ing for the formation of fruit buds should be done, but dependence must be placed upon the variety, the district, the method of culture and the season. In Eastern Washington, during normal seasons, on the uplands where irriga- tion is not practiced most varieties give good results if pruned after the tenth of August and before the tenth of September; while in the irrigated valleys, where the seasons are longer and the summer temperature higher, August 20 to as late as September 20 is about right. In Western Washing- ton, where the growing season nat- urally closes earlier even though kill- ing frosts do not come before very late, the non-cultivated orchards are ready to prune as early as July 10, while the cultivated orchards may not be ready for summer pruning before August 1 to 15. The final judgment as to the time to do summer pruning must be based upon the condition of the tree. The pruner should anticipate the beginning of the period for the forma- tion of fruit buds and begin to prune at once. This formation period for bearing trees can be accurately deter- mined by means of a high power microscope, but practically determined by an examination of fruit buds. As a general rule, for the best results, the pruning should be done just at the close of the vigorous summer growth, while the tree is storing up reserve food, forming buds and developing Figure 3—A sixteen-year-old apple tree which has been given a good, reasonable pruning every January for the past nine years. Its average annual crop is less than one box of fruit. Two good, thorough summer prunings will change this tree from a brush producer to a profitable tree. IQIT BaP Wale Ie le OI Photograph Copyrighted by F. E. Dean, Grand Junction, Colorado The Troutman Orchard Oil Heater in Action Made by The Round Crest Orchard Heater Company, Canon City, Colorado them for the coming year’s growth. If pruned too early the naturally dormant newly formed buds develop _ short, tender laterals which frequently per- ish during the winter, while if pruned too late only strong buds are developed for the coming spring’s wood growth. Practically the same principles are carried out in summer pruning as in winter pruning, only it usually requires a little more nerve and decision to remove the same amount of wood dur- ing the summer time as during the winter time. Especially is this true when the branches are laden with half-grown fruit because very few men realize the actual limitations of an average bearing tree. If the tree is old and has a dense top open up the center to permit sunlight and air to enter. Thin out the sides by removing from one-tenth to one-fourth of the branches, always cutting back to a limb and never leaving a long stub to die or throw out a big crop of sprouts. Summer pruning cannot be profitably practiced on old, stunted, dying trees, as they need rejuvenation which comes with winter pruning, but may be profitably . practiced upon _ old, thrifty, shy bearing trees. Large limbs can be removed at ‘this time just as safely as at any other season of the year, only it is not advisable to remove too much of the top at once. Where great quantities of wood must be removed it is better to’ distribute its removal over a period of from two to three years rather than entirely unbal- ance the tree’s growth. To properly summer prune a young tree one need pay little attention to the small, slender twigs on the inside of the framework. These are naturally tardy growers, and while they can be made to bear earlier, the important work consists in cutting back the upper, stronger leaders and lateral branches, removing from one- third to one-fourth of the present sea- son’s growth. All limb growth should be checked; to cut some back and per- mit others to grow gives advantage to those left. Study the framework of the tree carefully and prune each main branch just as you would a small, inde- pendent tree, removing from one-third to one-fourth of the present season’s growth. Where desirable cut to outer buds, and never shear the top even. but cut each limb according to its vigor and vitality. It is sometimes nec- essary to thin the framework, however severe thinning should not be prac- ticed. The practice of breaking or Page 35 bending over shoots is an old one, and where a few trees are to be treated may be profitably employed, but if the leaves wilt and die they serve as an excellent breeding place for all kinds of pests and present a very unsightly appearance. A better plan would be to weight down the limbs by attaching light weights to their ends. Sweet cherry trees of bearing size and age should be gone over very care- fully immediately after the fruit has been harvested, and all diseased, injured or surplus limbs removed at once. If the tree is making a vigorous growth it should be checked and com- pelled to prepare buds for the next year. Heavy winter pruning of bear- ing trees is always accompanied by more or less risk, and should be avoided as far as possible. Summer pruning checks the growth at a season when there is the greatest risk of an outbreak of blight and should be made one of the real methods of. eliminating the blight. When there is greater dan- ger from winter killing of peach trees than from late spring frosts, then sum- mer pruning becomes very advisable. But where late spring frosts are the important factors keep the tree grow- ing as late in the fall as possible and delay the formation of the fruit buds, even until early winter, thereby com- pelling late rather than early blooming. In conclusion, I consider summer pruning one of the important factors to be taken into consideration in the development of uniform trees and heavy annual crops, even- with our most tardy or shy biennial bearers. The most serious obstacle to summer pruning generally is that it comes at a season of the year when labor is scarce and particularly high. I have no suggestions to offer for this beyond the statement that our experiments demonstrate that it will pay, even though the cost be several times greater than that of winter pruning. Crystal Springs Farm, C. E. Mincer, Manager, Hamburg, Iowa Picture taken during the time of the freeze last spring. Oil pots used. The photograph was taken in the morning, when the temperature outside of the orchard was 24 degrees and every- thing covered with heavy killing frost. leaves were wet with dew. Inside orchard temperature was 33 to 36 degrees, and The entire crop was saved. Page 36 BEM Mss ea December Special Varieties for Particular Sections of the Northwest By W. S. Thornber, Washington State College, Pullman phase of fruit culture I wish to state that I would not have any srower feel that I desire to lay down rules for him to plant by; that is not the purpose of this article, but would offer this suggestion as a general guide for those who need help. The idea of this article was emphatically forced upon me while critically studying the various exhibits of apples at the three national shows held in Spokane. I simply wish to place before you a few facts which are of interest to me, and while not entirely to my own liking, and possibly yours, they are neverthe- les facts of which notice should be taken. It is almost impossible to formulate a perfect conception of how varieties behave under different conditions by studying them in their respective places of growth. However, when brought together it is comparatively easy for even. a novice to study by comparison. I desire to present to you the results of a study of this kind with such additional notes as I could secure, and believe that it will be of value for the future plantings in the Northwest. Before taking up this study let us get a conception of the factors that influ- ence fruit growing in the various fruit districts of the Northwest. Fruit men everywhere are recognizing that there are certain conditions that naturally influence the growth of certain varie- ‘ties, and so we have come to recog- nize the proverbial recommended fruit list of each state, and occasionally for each district. Many of these lists are made up from personal likes or dis- likes of the growers—good in some cases, but not always to be relied upon commercially; others are made up by office men from nursery catalogues or books written twenty to thirty years B wes attempting to discuss this Troutman Heater ago for conditions three to four thou- sand miles from here. The following factors or possible combinations of the same very largely influence the behavior of varieties in a given section: (1) Soil: A heavy, rich, wet soil delays fruiting from one to five years and then frequently pro- duces poorly colored fruit. A light sandy loam or sandy volcanic ash hastens fruiting even to a detrimental degree under some conditions, while the extremes of soil moisture or lack of moisture change the texture and pal- atability of the fruit. (2) Climate: The summer climate has much to do with the ripening period of the fruit, thereby materially changing its ship- ping habits. A long, hot summer, par- ticularly at a low altitude, ripens fruit from two to three weeks earlier than a cool climate in a higher altitude. (3) Altitude: Very little is known about the effect of altitude upon certain vari- eties beyond the fact that above cer- tain heights some commercial sorts become shy bearers, or produce at best very inferior fruit as to size, color and shape. The higher altitude fruit is later, ships better and when properly handled has better texture than the lower altitude fruit. (4) Tempera- ture: The extremely cold winters of some regions entirely eliminate certain tender sorts, particularly if they pro- duce a late fall growth. While not common to many sections, it is true of the Rome Beauty, Spitzenberg and sim- ilar sorts in a few sections. (5) Amount of Sunshine: The total amount of absolutely clear sunshine common to a section during the latter part of the summer and early autumn very largely decides the advisability of cer- tain varieties. If hazy or smoky weather annually prevails for a long period of time, then the dark red sorts should be eliminated to a very large degree. Eastern growers very fre- quently attribute our rich colors to the long hours of sunshine, and while this is largely true, the sunshine is only one of the many factors. (6) Length of Growing Season: A long, unbroken growing season, if not too closely fol- lowed by severe or cold weather, gives ideal orchard conditions. If hard freezes follow the fall weather closely, or winter sets in before the trees have had an opportunity to pre- pare for fruiting, wood is sure to result. While most of our fruit sections vary distinctly, yet there are relation- ships existing among these varieties which makes it possible to group cer- tain varieties together for certain com- binations of natural conditions. We have come to recognize four distinct horticultural regions in the Pacific Northwest; true it is that there are many local variations, but the general factors are fairly uniform for these groups of districts or valleys. The Coast region, or that part of Wash- ington, Oregon and British Columbia west of the Cascade Mountains, is characterized by a rather heavy clay soil, an altitude varying from sea level to four hundred feet above, a rather even temperature with few striking variations or extremes, a heavy annual rainfall, most of which comes during the winter months, and the summers are generally dry, a long growing sea- son; and while a lot of sunshiny weather, the autumns are generally hazy, which, to a limited extent, pre- vents the highest possible coloring of the fruit. A region with factors of this kind is particularly well adapted to such varieties as Olympia Baldwin, Northern Spy, Ortley, Yellow New- town, Glowing Coal and Wagener. By a comparison of these fruits one will readily see that they, with the excep- tion of the Wagener, have a common origin in rather low altitudes, and gen- erally in clay soils. It will be seen later that the Wagener is one of our cosmopolitan fruits and has few lim- itations. The other varieties are lim- ited to certain groups of factors or conditions and cannot be successfully grown in regions where the conditions are strikingly opposite to those of the Coast region. The Northern Spy and Olympia Baldwin become very shy bearers at high altitudes on deep, rich but rather dry soils, and the Ortley and Yellow Newtown, while generally juicy and crisp, become dry and woody under similar conditions. The inland valleys region of Cen- tral and Eastern Washington, Oregon and British Columbia, and Eastern and Southern Idaho are characterized by a light, sandy to volcanic ash, or even a gravelly loam soil, an altitude _varying from 350 to 1,400 feet, a very light annual rainfall, long growing sea- sons and the maximum amount of sun- National Orchard Heater Pi: In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree BETTER FRUIT Press representatives with the Southern Oregon demonstration train at Merlin, Oregon, March 25 1909. This apple tree is now fifty-six years old and still bears fruit. Planted in 1853 by the Haines family, who were later massacred by the Indians shine and mild, pleasant winters. Dis- tricts with common factors of this kind will produce Winesaps, Spitzen- bergs, Yellow Newtowns, Arkansas Blacks, Jonathans, Grimes Golden, Rome Beauty and kindred sorts of the highest grades of apples, provid- ing good cultivation and reasonable treatment be given. If the valley is too warm and the season forced too much early winter sorts do not color sufficiently before they have to be picked, and are very apt to ripen before they normally should. While on the other hand, if the soil is too deep and rich and an abundance of water is used, the Spitzenberg, under normal treatment, may become a shy bearer or producer; only occasional heavy crops of well colored fruits grow in sections of this kind. Experi- ence shows greater difficulty in the selection of commercial fruits for these valleys than any other in the Northwest, inasmuch as any variety will grow and produce good fruits, but - which is the best is always hard to determine. The McIntosh Red, when grown under these conditions, is prob- ably the most perfect apple for des- sert use for a short period of time, but the great difficulty is that instead of remaining a winter fruit it becomes an early fall fruit, and soon passes its season. If certain apples of the group particularly adapted to the valleys be planted in high altitudes where the seasons are short, they fail to color, produce size and attain development. Others become shy bearers, while still others take on abnormal character- istics. The Winesaps do not attain sufficient size, while the Yellow New- towns vary in size, color, form and texture. The Rome Beauty is not seri- ously affected because it is more or less of a cosmopolitan fruit. The inland upland regions are char- acterized by a deep, rich, basaltic or even loamy soil, moderate amounts of rainfall, dry, warm but not extremely hot summers, an altitude varying from 1,200 to 3,000 feet above sea level, com- paratively short growing seasons and long but not severe winters. This type of country is adapted to a compara- tively short list of orchard fruits. It is essential that varieties that succeed here be sorts that attain their growth early in the season. Late maturing sorts are not adapted to those con- ditions. Such varieties as Jonathan, Rome Beauty, Wagener, York Imperial, Gano and Black Twig attain a degree of perfection that is highly desirable for long keeping shipping fruit. Very frequently autumn sorts, in most sec- tions, become early winter sorts in this region if they are properly han- dled. While some of the later sorts become extremely late under favorable conditions. It is almost useless to attempt to grow commercially such varieties as Northern Spy, Spitzenberg, Rhode Island Greening and kindred sorts, as they almost cease to bear. We have a few definite records of these varieties which show an aver- age of less than one box per tree dur- ing the past six years from trees twelve to sixteen years of age. Vari- eties like the Winesap, Ortley, White Winter Pearmain and Yellow New- town require entirely too long a sea- son for regions of this kind, and occa- sionally such sorts as the Ben Davis become veritable corks or blocks of wood when grown here. The mountain regions are charac- terized by deep gravelly loam, light Page 37 clay loam bearing more or less gravel or volcanic ash soil, comparatively short growing seasons, a minimum amount of rainfall, warm in summers, frequently very cold winters, very high altitudes, frequently ranging from 3,400 to 5,000 feet above the sea level, and plenty of sunshiny weather dur- ing the summer and autumn days. The number of commercial varieties for these sections are, of course, lim- ited, especially in sections where the cold winters cut out the more ten- der sorts. Commercial work has pro- gressed nicely in these cold sections by planting Jonathans, McIntosh Reds, Wageners and Wealthy. The high alti- tudes and climatical conditions have completely overcome the earliness of these naturally early sorts until now we frequently find them keeping late into spring. The cold winter appears to have little or no effect upon them when properly treated, and the sea- sons are sufficiently long to develop all that is desired. The warmer, milder high altitudes are producing Jonathans, Rome Beauty, Wagener and various other sorts of commercial value. The battle is one of attaining sufficient size for some of our com- mon sorts. One particular condition that might exist in almost any of these regions is that of extreme drouth where irrigation is impossible and the conservation of moisture must be resorted to by means of cultivation. In sections of this kind no late devel- oping varieties of fruit should be planted, as the drouth of the later part of the season is sure to interfere with proper maturity. Such apples as Rome Beauty, Yellow Bellflower and York Imperial for winter use, McIn- tosh Red, Duchess of Oldenberg, King of Tompkins County and Wolf River for fall use, and Yellow Transparent and Red June for summer use are practically all that can be depended upon to do anything where severe drouth, without irrigation, exists. The Northwestern Harmony.—Care- ful perusal of the foregoing will show that the Northwest is probably the best all around balanced variety fruit district in the world. All of the high class commercial sorts are at present grown to a degree of perfection not excelled anywhere, and so systematic- ally divided into groups for different regions that, while state vies with state, or district with district, the com- petition among ourselves need never reach that stage that will be serious to one another. The regions described present vastly different conditions in the production of first class fruit. Each produces a higher grade of fruit of a few well chosen varieties than it is possible to produce in any other region with the same varieties. How- ever, there are certain varieties that are more or less cosmopolitan and can be grown to a high degree of perfection almost anywhere in the Northwest. Cosmopolitan Varieties.—There are comparatively few fruits that enjoy Page 38 the distinction of being so-called West- ern cosmopolitan fruits; however, the Rome Beauty, Wagener and Yellow Bellflower apples belong to this group, grown as they are practically all over the Northwest at high and low alti- tudes, wet or dry, and with culture and without culture, if any apples grow these will. This same thing is true to a certain extent of the Bart- lett and White Doyenne pears; while they will not stand the same abuse that the apples will, in all cases they are grown if pears grow at all. The peach plum, Italian prune and the Yel- low Egg plum are also not seriously particular as to their choice of region, just as they are given a chance to grow. There are a great many apples being planted in the West which are adapted only to very limited locali- ties. Extreme care should be used in extensive plantings of these sorts until thoroughly tried and their commer- cial merits demonstrated. When well grown they have few strong com- petitors, but if poorly grown they are almost worthless to the trade. Pears.—The behavior of commercial varieties of pears under different con- ditions has not been as closely studied as it should: However, general recom- mendations can safely be made from the information at hand. The Bart- lett pear is generally recognized as one of our most cosmopolitan fruits and does well at all altitudes under normal conditions, with the exception of sections that are extremely dry just previous to and during the ripen- ing season. In these sections the fruit is under sized, contains a surplus of stony tissue and is of unsatisfactory quality. Winter Nelis is not so cos- mopolitan in nature, but does well under most conditions. In Western poco me ----— 929999 rots SQ OE) 00) 29 - oo 5 2 2& 999999719 ,9.9. 9) ° iL) ° 3) @ BOO ON Bae «Ke 9,9,97%010/9 99 9 P Of %OX Soweto) S10 O> 2@i £08: Mor, se: oD c1@a) 9 OF Le) @Uone Ow toe OW NORE oe (Saeey: gna: ey ye oT) Me ey rE RS AE SI 9,9 9 S?FPP Hexagonal System of Planting 1, Field staked by use of triangle; 2, Field set; 3, Field property thinned; 4, Field partly rowed off by running lines; 5 and 6, Improper thinning. (BETTER ERI Washington, where russeting is com- mon, it frequently becomes entirely covered with russet, while in other sections it may have only a lacing of russet. It must have sufficient water to finish upon or it becomes entirely too small for commercial purposes. The Comice and Anjou are two of our highest class pears, very satisfac- tory in most sections but rather tardy bearers in all sections. However, after once coming to full bearing, they give satisfactory yields. The Clair- geau and Boone de Jersey are not as commonly grown as many sorts, but are especially valuable orchards west of the Cascades and in sections where there is plenty of moisture to finish upon. In addition to these varieties there are many more that can be sat- isfactorily grown, but are not well known in commerce. Cherries.—Commercial cherry cul- ture is limited more or less by cold winters and late frosts; however, the Bing and Lambert are doing well in most of the fruit districts. These are the best all purpose black cherries that are growable in practically all sections. The Royal Ann is the most popular white or light cherry grown, but tenderness in bud and wood pre- vents its use in any section that has cold winters or very severe late spring frosts. The Royal Ann is supplanted in the colder, more severe locations by the Vilne Sweet cherry, a light colored, very hardy sweet cherry imported from Russia. While pro- ductive it is not a first class shipper, nor is it of high quality, but is espe- cially valuable for regions where the Royal Ann cannot be grown. If the Royal Ann can be grown do not plant the Vilne Sweet, as there is no com- parison between the two from the quality point of view. Black Repub- lican and Black Tartarian are two more very popular varieties for mild climates, but cannot be grown in high altitudes where the winters are severe, nor on the uplands where late spring frosts are common, as they are very tender in both fruit and bud and blos- som. The May Duke, Late Duke and Reine Hortense are all comparatively hardy, resistant sorts of the Duke type and can be grown where it is impos- sible to grow the sweet sorts. As a fruit of high quality these varieties are taken by many in preference to the sweet sorts. They are not good shippers, but are excellent bearers. The sour cherries have many first class sorts adaptable to Western con- ditions and growable almost any- where. The Olivet is by far the most popular both as a home orchard and the commercial sort. Other good sorts are the Northwestern and Dye- house. Grapes.—The cold uplands of the Inland Empire and the unfavorable slopes of Western Washington and Oregon are limited to a very small number of varieties that will mature early enough in the fall to warrant the general planting of the crop. The December European varieties are rather tender unless well protected during the win- ter in sections of this kind. Moore’s Diamond, Moore’s Early, Campbell’s Early and Empire State are the best varieties for unfavorable locations, and should always be planted on southern slopes. In the warmer vyal- leys the Worden, Niagara, Concord, Delaware and many other high qual- ity American sorts can be profitably grown. The Alexander-Muscat, Flame- Tokay, Rose of Peru, Black Hamburg, Sweet Water, Thompson’s Seedless and many other European sorts can be commercially grown in nearly all of the low altitude, warm irrigated val- leys. However, very few sections are absolutely safe for European grapes without winter protection of some kind. While they will stand the win- ter weather of most years occasionally they will freeze to the ground, or at least to the snow line. The following is the recommended list of the Washington State College, arranged and issued by the writer. While it has never been issued in bul- letin from, yet thousands of copies have been mailed to the prospective planters of the West. Local condi- tions very frequently make it possible to vary it considerably, yet the gen- eral plan is a safe one for commercial planting. The letter following the name indicates the season of the vari- ety—“‘E” early, “M” medium, “L” late: Apples—Western Washington: Northern Spy (L), Olympia (L), Glowing Coal, Yellow New- town (L), White Winter Pearmain, Yellow Bellflower, Wagener, Gravenstein (M), King (M), Ortley, Yellow Transparent (E), Williams (E). Inland Valleys: Spitzenberg (L), Yellow Newtown (L), Rome Beauty (L), Winesap (L), Jonathan (L), White Winter Pearmain (L), Gravenstein (M), Duchess (M), Grimes Golden (L), King (M), Yellow Transparent (E), Win- ter Banana, Williams (E), Delicious (L). In- land Uplands: Rome Beauty (L), Wagener (L), Jonathan (L), White Winter Pearmain (L), Gano (L), York Imperial (L), King (M), Grav- Ras |” = =O Ga =6) sa =9 ee) @ =a =Q =G se) | 22 =0 sO poe) =) =Q <@ =O 25 =o =G =5) LFs 2 P Pp P P P F F F F | F F F F F P P P P F F F F F e F F F ae P P P P Fig 3 Figure 1, Field marked for hexagonal planting. Large triangles indicate which trees are per- manent. Figure 2, Orchard planted. Figure 3, P indicates permanent trees, F filler trees. TOIT enstein (M), Duchess (M), Yellow Transparent (E), Winter Banana (M), Williams (E). Pears—Western Washington: Winter Nelis (L), Clairgeau (L), Anjou (M), Comice (M), White Dovenne (M), Seckel (M), Bartlett (E), Clapp (E), Flemish (M). Inland Valleys: Win- ter Nelis (L), Clairgeau (L), Anjou (M), Com- ice (M), White Dovenne (M), Seckel (M), Bart- lett (E), Clapp (E), Flemish (M). Inland Uplands: Winter Nelis (L), Clairgeau (L), Anjou (M), Comice (M), White Dovenne (M), Seckel (M), Bartlett (FE), Tyson (E), Flemish (M). Sweet Cherries—Western Washington and Inland Valleys: Royal Ann (E), Bing (M), Hoskins (L), Lambert (L), Black Republican (L). Inland Uplands: Bing (M), Centennial (M), Hoskins (L), Lambert (L), Vilne Sweet. Sour Cherries—All sections: Olivet (M), Northwest (L), Montmorency (M), Early Rich- mond (E). Dukes—All sections: May Duke, Late Duke, Reine Hortense. Peaches — Western Washington: Alexander (E), Triumph (E), Early Crawford (E), Char- lotte (E). Inland Valleys: Elberta (M), Fos- ter (M), Hills Chilli (M), Salway (L), Early Crawford, Late Crawford, Hale (E). Inland Uplands: Alexander (E), Triumph (E), Won- derful (M), Champion (E), Hale (E), Early Crawford, Foster (E). Apricots—Western Washington and Inland Uplands: Gibb (E), Moorpark (E). Inland Valleys: Royal (M), Hemiskirke (M), Early Golden (E), Moorpark (E). Plums—AIll sections: Abundance, Bradshaw, Peach, Wickson. Prunes—All sections: garian. Grapes—Western Washington: Concord, Nia- gara, Worden, Campbell’s Early, Moore’s Dia- mond, Moore’s Early. Inland Valleys: Camp- bell’s Early, Moore’s Early, Moore’s Diamond, Concord, Worden, Delaware, Sweetwater, Thompson Seedless, Tokay (Flame), Hamburg, Alexander. Inland Uplands: Moore’s Early, Campbell’s Early, Moore’s Diamond. Raspberries, Red—Western Washington and Inland Valleys: Cuthbert (M), Antwerp (E), Italian, Silver, Hun- Marlboro (M), Superlative (M), Ruby (M). Inland Uplands: Cuthbert (M), Marlboro (M), Ruby (M). Raspberries, Black—All sections: Cumber- land, Burkhart, Gregg. Blackberries—Western Washington and In- land Valleys: Snyder (E), Mammoth Black Wine- Yel. Spitz- Jona- Rome Wag- N’thn Stay- Ban Bele ay (E), Kittatiny (M), Himalaya Giant (L), Ever- green (L), Lucretia Dewberry. Inland Uplands: Early Harvest (E), Rathburn (M), Kittatiny (M), Evergreen (L), Lucretia Dewberry. Gooseberries—All sections: Downing, Indus- try, Portage, Smith. Currants—AIl sections: Victoria, Wilder, Perfection, Cherry, Red Dutch, White Grape. Strawberries—Western Washington and In- land Valleys: Hood River, Magoon (M), Mar- shall (M), Warfield (E), Bederwood (E), Cres- cent (M), Gandy (L). Inland Uplands: Glen Mary Ann (M), Marshall (M), Warfield (E), Bederwood (E), Crescent (M), Hood River (M), Gandy (L). English Walnuts—All sections: Mayette. Other Nuts—All sections: Black Walnut, Cob Filbert, Butternut, Jap Chestnut. The table herewith shows a com- parison of the scores as given by dis- interested judges of the exhibits of the various districts at the National Apple Show in Spokane in 1910. Inasmuch as these fruits were selected by differ- ent exhibitors with different ideals in mind the personal difference will enter into the real value of these figures; however, it shows in a gen- eral way the value of the color, development, size and shape of each variety for several districts. The judging did not enter into the flavor, quality, texture or the internal con- dition of the fruit, but judged much as a retail buyer would have to meas- ure value. This work has been done for the past four years at various shows, fairs and exhibits, and sooner or later will be compiled into one general report of the behavior of varieties under different conditions. This report, however, is taken from the scoring of the last year’s exhibits. Franquette, Bell- Ark. Bald- District sap Newt’n berg than Beauty ener Spy man Gano flower Black win Ortley Methow ............ 95 9.5 10 10 nee 9.5 10 10 10 10 9 9 Spokane ........... 8 ae Se 10 10 a4 ae Ae oo 9 10 50 Ono wlio SecccucgeouN ape on 7 i) Bie ao 8 8 10 Stevens County...... 8.5 8 7.5 10 10 10 9 7 8 9°75) 9) 10 avimals sysvers chevaiie le 10 9.5 10 10 10 Os Ba Pa 9 10 9 10 IPTOSSER seisnisicione so 10 10 10 10 95 9.5 9.5 10 9.5 10 10 9 10 Goldendale ......... 9.5 10 10 9 9.5 10 9.5 10 9 ae 10 Clarkston .......... CH oo 9.5 10 10 9 , 9 2 OE -o6 Wenatchee ......... 10 95 9.5 10 10 Ae 9 10 10 9 9 Sid White Salmon....... 8 10 10 ee ae or ci 10 CH). ob LO DIG aise crime natas ae 9.5 10 9 8 9 rie 8.5 10 9.5 Walla Walla........ 8.5 GH 6 10 ae G5) a 9 oe Hood River......... bie 10 10 ae te Chon ae a0 Se a 10 Palouse: (2). eie eee 5 8.5 8.5 10 10 6 6 9.5 10 7 6 7 Western Washington. .. 10 9 oh oe 10 10 a ne 10 7 10 10 California .......... ut a we 10 OB 6 ae ate 10 sie oe 10 we Nontamalaree see cee ce ee ba Soa ae ne om Se we bn Colorado ........... 8 8 Ch) IO Making Over An Old Orchard By H. L. Jenkins, a British Columbia Horticulturist OR the benefit of those who may have matured trees which do not produce so much fruit as they should, I wish to present this sketch on graft- ing. -The operation of regrafting them takes place toward the end of March, or earlier if there are signs of spring influence. Grafting differs from bud- ding in its being the transfer of a shoot, carrying several buds, from one tree to another instead of only a single bud; and, as budding has been compared to sowing seeds, so has grafting to making cuttings. The art of grafting consists in bringing two portions of growing shoots together so that the soft woods may unite and make but one growth, and the same general principles apply to it as to budding. There are some fifty modes of grafting described in books, but only three or four are in common use. In all methods of grafting the shoot to be transferred is called the scion and the tree that is to receive it is called the stock. The first point in successful grafting is to secure an intimate union of the parts—not a mere sticking together, but an absolute union. The new or young layers of the innner bark must be brought into close contact and then, if the air is kept from the wounded parts until nature effects a cure, there is a perfect graft. It is obvious that the more accurate the adjustment of the line separating the wood from the bark the more ready will be the trans- mission of young flbers from the one to the other, and that the less the accuracy that may be observed in this respect the greater will be the diffi- Page 39 Oy Triangular or Alternate System of Planting culty of effecting the transmission. Providing the stock and scion are of exactly the same size the adjustment can scarcely fail to be accurate in the most skillful hands; it is in the com- mon case of the scion being much smaller than the stock that the opera- tion is to receive more particular attention. There can be no question as to the utility of grafting, for by its aid a bad kind of apple or pear may be trans- formed into one that is good. The best season will soon be here, and, while I would not advise the working over of very old or unhealthy trees, there are those in a fair state of health, and only unsatisfactory from being inferior sorts or not suited to the dis- trict or soil, in which cases regrafting is to be commended and should have good results, as an established tree reworked will be in bearing much sooner than a young, freshly planted one. The first process, as a matter of course, is to behead the trees to be operated upon, and in doing this the branches should be cut clean down in ooo ood 2? le LP oe Sa tec eral Real ae Siva Qe s ng IZ ee So Po Be xu ‘a s wt || ese ce Sy? °o 2 ° [esses [aes Og (Ra 3 Se a Fie Psloes urge ts, + + ——— 4 P ° 2 ° C2 ° [- DIN als ee tie oe a + + - 4 ? ° ? ° J ° ra lh as 77) He Pet re) 2 re) va ° ses as Pee eS P| ° PE 7 ae. J _| o 3 4 | O19. -# @ G2 Ge © Ge Go Gy oe 9 ? ? g 5 o ° ° ° ° ane, Bo GD | > Do DD Pag See Va atls Poe ea all une Eee CR CRESS Us Ome CPi ms Diaries a | Me hi des ee Pas a GG YG OG ae tion fastahan ngage co CJ i GS GI edu es eta) it ay Sis (2 GA GS Gp ast chosen ee OS Aa en CA | Po OD & Oe oe Res Vane nee 2 Ee Sui alia ead tain fed oy The Quincunx System of Planting 1, Field staked; 2, Field set; 3, Improper thinning; 4, Proper thinning. Page 40 a sloping direction so as to throw off the wet. To assist in this and help the heating process, the parts sawn should be shaved with a sharp knife so that the wound may be smooth. As to the operation, the proper way is to make a slit right through the rind, rounding from the top down, extend- ing about three inches and on oppo- site sides, making either two or four slits or cuts; which done, the next thing is to raise the bark in readiness BETTER FRUIT for the insertion of the grafts. °290o0 ale @ e@eaea @Q GS. CSG) ON aa a ea aie Moun oeuno }@9 999% @9 922 @eoe @ @ Oe @ Bil.s c © © @ of |9 9 @®@@ 89 @j/a3200 0 eo ° 2,2 Q Oboe c by O 8 8 The Rectangular System of Planting 1, Field lined; 2, Field set; 3, Proper thin- ning; 4, Improper thinning. tember of 1910, Mr. Harry Thompson, representing the federal department, and the writer undertook work on the farm of Mr. Henry Dupurtis at Adna in order to obtain reliable data of the costs, and to study the factors with a view of extending the system to the supposed unfavorable soils. Later in the fall and winter I under- took a series of experiments designed to make the method applicable to stumps in soils which were too sandy or gravelly to permit its successful use without some soil binder, and other experiments to ascertain whether fuel oil or other cheap combustible matter might not be successfully and eco- nomically used in starting the fire under the stump. A report of our observations of methods of clearing land ready for destroying stumps, and of investigations and experiments with the char-pitting of stumps has been published as general bulletin No. 101 of this experiment station. This popu- lar bulletin contains a summarized description of the char-pit method, with some experimental data as to the cost of destroying stumps by _ this process. For fuller details interested readers should procure a copy of this bulletin. We will first give directions for the method as adapted to clay soils. Start- ing in after a “good burn,” on the stumps, if the operator will follow as soon as the ground is sufficiently cool he will find many stumps with sufficient fire as not to require any more than perhaps a few fragments of bark or other light material added to them to secure a good start, which should be covered immediately with earth. Stumps not so burning should be treated as follows: First, remove the bark to the ground, then if the sap wood is wet or green chop into the inner dry wood. Now procure some fuel for the good start; in the dry sea- son any half-rotted material that can be secured easily will answer, provided there is enough dry material to start the fire. Pile this fuel around the base of the stump in such a manner that the fire will follow. The fuel should be continuous and fairly uniform in qual- ity and quantity. It does not make any difference whether the wood is set on end or laid lengthwise. Where some of the fuel is long and there is a por- tion of the stump where there is a side sufficiently straight to allow the piling of long pieces without leaving too much space between the fuel and the stump this may be done so as to save labor of breaking up the wood. As to the amount of fuel to be used much depends upon conditions. If the fuel is piled to reach about fifteen inches high and about the same distance out at the ground line this will be suffi- cient. Our experience indicates that it is best to have less rather than more kindling material if it is so arranged that the fire will burn evenly, thus allowing the cover to settle uniformly. If the fuel burns out quicker in some places than in others the cover settling down as the fuel is burned in these places leaves breaks in the cover, thus permitting the heat to escape. Place some of the finer material to act as kindling next to the stump and under the main supply of fuel to lead the fire and start the burning next to the stump, keeping the fire as near as possible to that which it is to burn. To further conserve the heat, cover the fuel with the soil most convenient. In friable, loose soil the manner of putting on this cover is important. If carelessly done, or if the operator stands at a distance and throws the soil, there will be a breaking up into the finer subdivisions of soil, which will fall into the crevices of the fuel and per- haps considerable portions of it drift in between the fuel and the stump, thus protecting the stump from the fire. Hence the best results will be secured by laying each shovelful of earth on the fuel without throwing, and if, the soil shows a tendency to break up fill in around the stump at the top of the fuel with the most convenient material at hand, small pieces of bark, rotten or wet wood, ferns, twigs or anything that will hold the fine material up at the start. Build the soil covering up from the bottom and cover the top tight. Be careful at the top of this Triangle for Locating Trees covering to close all the holes. A few shovelfuls of finer earth sifted over this portion of the covering will be found to be an advantage. Allow the air to enter freely at the bottom, since as the burning proceeds the air becomes heated and rises to the top of the covering, where it will escape if there are any holes, but if con- fined within the space the cover soil becomes hot, and that heat is radiated back to the stump. If the soil covering settles down to the horizontal, or nearly so, this heat is radiated back to that portion of the stump which we wish to burn, namely, the roots; and this is the special reason for keeping the fuel down to the lowest minimum for successful firing. Cover all the fuel except a small opening to the windward side, where some kindling should be placed for the purpose of conveying the fire around the stump. Leave this opening on the windward side of the stump so that when the wind blows it has a tendency to drive the fire in under the cover. As soon as this fire is well under the cover, which may be easily told by the operator from the amount of smoke issuing through the covering at differ- ent places, cover that opening in the same way as the rest of the fuel was covered. Sometimes if it has not been convenient to reach the newly fired stump at the proper time and the fuel has burned out pretty well at this opening, where it has been exposed to Page 42 BETTER PRUIG Ce Planting Board the strong air currents, it may be nec- essary to fill in with a few small sticks or pieces of bark, which takes the place of that burned out, before bank- ing up. The stump may now be left to care for itself for several hours while other parts of the work are done. The operator should make regular visits to each of the stumps to see that they are progressing as desired. If he finds holes breaking through the cov- ering at any place they should be filled up, avoiding at all times packing the covering. Leave a loose, porous cov- ering, because the more air space there is in this cover the better non-con- ductor it is, air being a non-conductor of heat. As a general rule the operator will find it best to arrange his work so that most of his stumps can be fired in the morning, leaving the afternoon so far as possible for the removing of bark, getting the fuel ready and fully preparing the stumps, all except set- ting fire to the kindling. Fire early in the morning in order that this first fuel may become burned down to a bed of coals before night, and the earth cov- ering settled down to a position where there is less danger of breaks in the cover. Then, if these newly fired stumps are looked over as late as pos- sible before retiring for the night, they take care of themselves until the early morning with a very small percentage of failures. If a stump has been successfully fired, about twenty-four hours after the fire has been applied white smoke will be seen issuing from _ several places around the stump. At times we have thought that the fire had not caught some of the stumps, but upon examination found considerable heat there. If such stumps are left alone for a day or two the fire seems to grad- ually gather force by slowly drying out the wood, then begins to burn quite rapidly. From that time on the oper- ator should visit the stumps regularly night and morning, dividing his time as evenly as possible, as it is quite essen- tial that the stump be not left too long at one time to care for itself, as the fire burning under this cover will gradually eat into the stump and work its way from under the covering. If allowed to go too long in that condition the accumulated heat is lost through the opening. We have found that the fires usually burn better at night. The incoming air is cooler, and conse- quently expands more when coming in contact with the fire, thus stimulating stronger draft with more oxygen and better burning. This work is not heavy, but is exacting in its nature. Regular visits must be made to each stump, and where the fire has gone beyond or through the covering it must be covered over with more soil. It is best to cover these openings with dry, hot earth from near the fire, replenishing from the soil outside over the top of this to keep the required thickness of earth over the fire. This should be kept as nearly as possible between two and four inches, the depth depending largely on the nature of the soil and the method the operator wishes to employ, that is, either to burn rapidly and consume most of the charcoal as fast as carbonized or to burn slowly and preserve most of the charcoal. The amount of this cover- ing’ regulates the speed of burning. A fairly good guide for the operator is to watch the color of the smoke issuing from or through the covering. If the smoke is blue, moves upward rapidly and the fire can be seen through the cover, the carbon is being consumed too rapidly. This calls for more cover. But if the smoke is dense and white, and moves slowly, this indicates good work, the moisture and gases being driven off without actual burning of the charred wood, which is the desired condition. Heavy clay soil which does not break up much but retains the form as shoveled on is not as good a non- conductor as a soil that breaks up into smaller particles, hence a little more of this heavy soil must be used for the same speed of burning that would be necessary for the soil that breaks up better. On the other hand, if the cover disintegrates from the action of the heat, as sandly loam soils do, there is a tendency for this fine soil to run into the fire before it is well established in the stump and smother it. Also, these sandy loam soils, which from their nature are inclined to settle down closely together when hot, are better conductors of heat, and conduct the heat away from the stump instead of conserving it and radiating it back to the stump. In the course of a few days the fire will have progressed so that the stump will be cut off about the top of the December earth covering and fall to one side. If proper care has been given during the first few days of burning, covering the fire as it progressed into the stump, there will be but a small portion remaining to be covered. This should - be completed as soon as possible after the stump has burned entirely off. From that time on the care consists of regular visits of the operator. As before stated, there are two distinct methods which may be adopted: that of rather heavy covering, which is much slower but preserves the charcoal, and that of rapid burning, promoted by a light covering, consuming the charcoal as fast. as possible. In the slow burning the soil is heated less and is left in a better condition for agricultural uses. In a few days more the crown of the stump should be entirely burned out. A little experience soon enables the operator to judge of the progress of the burning by the appearance. The coy- ering will settle down so there will be quite noticeable depressions with smoke issuing from them. The cold air from the outside finds its way into the lower places, bringing the full store of oxygen and the fire burns faster, eating out still greater spaces until there is at times a considerable open- ing in front of each of the roots the fire is following out into the soil. Encourage and assist this burning by following up the fire with the soil. If a rapid burn is desired leave a very small air space at the top of the hole. If a slow burn is preferred and it is desired to convert the wood into char- coal, fill up the entire space with not more than three or four inches of cov- ering over the fire. This checks the air circulating so that not more than enough oxygen reaches the fire to car- bonize or char the wood. It has been the opinion of many who have tried it that this method is not adapted to gravelly or sandy soils, but our experiments have convinced us that it may be profitably employed by modifying the method to the needs in the changed conditions of soil. We have done this successfully as follows: © © . © Q «ae ©) e Figure i—A Good Planting Plan Circles represent permanent trees; dots represent fillers [Bs 8/10 Bat JPL Peach Winesap Peach Winesap 3 ( ©) 13" | ( Jonathan Peach Jonathan Jonathan Jonathan Nonathan ie | 4 ot 6 3s 0 Oe gare ey A B G Plan of Planting Apple Trees with Peach Trees as Fillers A, Trees as planted at first; B, Peach trees removed; C, Winesap removed Prepare the stump in the usual way, that is, removing the bark and digging away objectionable soil to about the depth one would want to plow, making a trench around the stump, wider at the top than at the bottom, the sides sloping toward the stump. Now put the fuel in this trench, using the same amount of fuel and placed in the same way as we have described above in the dry season. During the unfavorable seasons a concentrated fuel may be used with good success. Where dry sawdust is available use about one- half bushel of this in the trench, with kindling wood laid around next to the stump, then use from one to three gal- lons (depending on the size of the stump) of fuel oil poured over this kindling wood and sawdust. Next place a small amount of coarse wood and pieces of bark or any good fuel which may be at hand over this, and fill in with pieces of bark, chips, rotten wood or ferns around the top of the fuel to prevent the dirt falling in between the fuel and the stump at the start, cover the fire and care for the stump as before described. For unfa- vorable soil conditions an artificial covering is necessary. This may be of any material obtainable that is suffi- ciently granular in form to not settle together too tightly, making as nearly as possible a non-conductor of heat. We have successfully used ordinary coal cinders and clay hauled from the nearest supply point. The coal cinders and clay make a splendid covering except at a time of heavy precipitation. They do not have the capacity to absorb moisture that clay has, hence more water reaches the fire, although our experience with this feature of the work has been limited. However, this does not seem to make a great deal of difference, as the cooling, heat absorb- ing effect of the water in the clay gives about the same result. There is an advantage in the cinders for artificial covering. The supply can be taken up from the stump burned out and carried to the next stump to be burned. Per- haps in time we shall find other mate- rials that will take the place of these where they are not convenient. We have been frequently asked whether it might not be possible to use sheet iron or other like substance for this cover- ing. At first thought it would seem that this would be possible, but in actual practice it fails, first because such materials are conductors of heat and conduct the heat away from the stump, and, second, they are rigid and do not follow the fire closely. Any cover that is rigid might be successful for a time, but when the material has burned away some distance the radi- ating effect is lost, and since radiated heat diminishes as the square of the distance increases the loss is apparent. We do not think it advisable to use large pieces of bark for fuel, but if the bark is broken up pretty well it serves the purpose of fuel when placed on the outside of the fire. Bark is a natural non-conductor provided by nature with many air cells to protect the growing trees from the extremes of heat of summer and the cold of winter, but when broken up into small pieces and placed around the top it will take the place of fuel, although it is not as good as dry, sound wood, except to fill the smaller spaces between the other fuel. From our observation where clay, which has been shoveled over a few times before being placed over the fuel, is used for artificial covering it is pretty well broken up, so that in placing it over the fuel there are not many air spaces left around the bottom to help draw the fire around the stump at the start. We have found it advantageous to so lay in a few pieces of bark or other material that there will be openings left around near the ground line to admit the air. Fuel oils may be had very cheaply wherever they are used for fuel in factories, steamboats or railroad engines, costing about three dollars when bought by the barrel but as little as ninety cents per barrel in quantities. One barrel of oil used as we have suggested is sufficient for from twenty to thirty average stumps, " Figure 6—Hexagonal Method of Setting Out Orchard Trees and where one can use his time to advantage this is about as cheap a fuel as one could get by any method of pre- paring fuel. There is a further advan- tage in the fact that oil is a concen- trated fuel and permits the maximum heat production in the minimum space. The following data as to the cost of removing stumps from burned-over land was obtained during the fall of 1910. Three distinct methods of firing the stumps have been observed, and cost data for each method was secured. The plan most generally used is that known as the “Yount Method,” since Mr. Harry Yount of Woodland, Wash- ington, was one of the first farmers who made use of this method of destroying stumps. His method con- sists essentially in starting a fire entirely around the base of the stump, under a covering of earth and _ sod, which confines all of the heat of the fire to the stump and causes it to “char” or become destroyed by the same general process as is utilized in charcoal pits. Mr. Yount has been using this method for several years, and in order to furnish exact data on the cost he commenced August 30, 1910, to fire twenty-four stumps, per- forming all the labor necessary to complete burning out of these stumps in thirty-six hours, which, at twenty- five cents per hour, gave a total cost of thirty-two and one-half cents per stump. These stumps were of an aver- age size, forty inches at the cut-off, varying from twenty-four inches for the smallest up to seventy-two inches for the largest. About the first of Sep- tember 100 stumps were fired on the farm of Henry Dupurtis of Anda, Washington, the average diameters of which were thirty-two inches at the cut-off and forty-six inches at the bottom. The work of firing the 100 stumps was completed in four days and four hours. The after care con- sisted of one hour each morning and evening for three weeks, making a total of 130 hours, at twenty-five cents per hour equals $33.33. Ninety-seven of these 100 stumps were burned out successfully, which gave an average cost of thirty-four and three-tenths each. J. W. McCutcheon of Adna burned out 130 stumps from an old field in thirty days. Mr. McCutcheon paid $2 a day for labor, making $60 for the 130 stumps, or forty-six cents each. Mr. David Fay of Adna removed 39 stumps from an old field in eight days’ time for firing and three hours a day for five weeks in after care. He valued his time at $2 per day, making a total of $37, or ninety-five cents per stump. These stumps were much above the average size, all the smaller ones in the field having been removed by other methods. Another successful plan for applying the same principles with a_ slight change of method is that employed by Mr. W. H. Booth of Sopena, Washing- ton. In 1908, with the help of his two boys, he removed 603 stumps from six- teen acres in nine weeks, and in 1909 Page 44 he destroyed 350 stumps from twelve acres. In 1910 225 stumps from eight acres were destroyed, not keeping any record of the time for the last two years. Counting nine weeks’ time at $36 per week for the three laborers would give $324 as a total cost of removing 603 stumps in 1908, an aver- age of a little less than fifty-four cents per stump. These stumps were removed from old fields where all small stumps had been previously taken out. The average size of these stumps was fully up to anything that was found in the state, being very large. Mr. Booth’s method is to fire the stump at but one place. He first prepared good fuel from good wood by cutting it up during the winter season in convenient sizes to handle. This is piled up to dry and the firing is not undertaken until the driest part of the summer months. He then selects some part of the stump where two large roots are coming out near together from the stump and digs away the earth from fifteen to eighteen inches deep, or until he gets a little below the point where the two roots fork. He then goes on the ground and builds a good fire in each of the previously excavated holes and leaves it burn several hours uncovered, then if there is a good bed of hot coals and the stump begins to show indications of taking the fire he replenishes the fire with a little fuel and covers over with earth about the same as previously described. The after care consists of keeping the stump banked up ahead of the fire all the way round. Mr. Booth thinks that on large stumps it would probably pay to fire them from two opposite sides, as that would very much hasten the operation. This method of burning by firing from one place is necessarily slow for each stump, but where there is plenty of work ahead in firing other stumps the time required for a stump is not so much a factor. The most favorable data that we secured is that furnished by Mr. A. W. McCormick of Woodland, Washington. Mr. McCormick had an old field with a large number of stumps which he contracted to have burned out by Mr. George Lanham at fifty cents a stump. Mr. Lanham commenced work August 12, 1910, keeping, at our request, accurate account of his time. He suc- cessfully burned out 219 stumps in 198 hours. This is the most favorable record we have obtained, and we believe that the burning was done under the most favorable conditions that we have yet seen. The time, August and September, was when everything was very dry, there having been no rain to speak of for more than two months. The natural slope of the hill was very much in favor of cheap destruction in that there was a very good slope to the west and toward the prevailing winds at that place. This field had been plowed for many years in the same way, throwing the furrows down hill, thus banking BETTER FRUIT up the upper side of each stump and removing much of the earth on the lower side. Mr. Lanham, with his axe and mattock, would pull down some of the half-rotten wood from around the top of the stump, build a little fire under the exposed part of the roots, cover over with soil and go on. The stumps being pretty well banked up, as described, there was little more to do than to visit the fires regularly and keep them covered as the burning pro- gressed. It should be said, however, that of the 240 he fired twenty-one failed to catch by the first firing, leay- ing 219 successfully burned out. The work here reported and all the figures given were obtained under most favor- able climatic conditions and in a soil naturally adapted for this method of burning. We have no reliable data at hand as to the cost where artificial covering for the fires has to be hauled to the ground, but think from experience that where material for covering may be had so that the operator can haul in three or four loads of clay or cinders December a day the average stumps, say of forty inches diameter, can be burned out under average conditions for some- where between fifty cents and a dol- lar each, which is much less than the expense of removal by any other known method. From our observa- tions we believe that it will pay those desiring to clear land by this method to so plan the work as to take advan- tage of favorable seasons and condi- tions, and that the method will not be so successful in the heavy clay soils during the extreme wet seasons as it will be during a more favorable sea- son, since there will not be so much success in burning out the roots because of the water holding capacity of the heavy clay and consequent wet- ter condition of the roots. On the other hand, we believe that in sandy, gravelly, loam soils, the burning will be just about as successful during the wet season as at any other time because of the fact that such soils are naturally well drained and the soil saturation is not so great as with the heavy clay soils. Expert Tells How to Prune Trees R. E. Trumble in Wenatchee (Washington) Republic RUNING can be considered from two viewpoints. First, from the well being of the tree, and, second, from the artistic viewpoint. Under the latter point comes the matter of high or low headed trees, round or tall shape, and other matters of per- sonal preference. These things are not vital to the well being of the trees. A thorough exposition of pruning has never been written. This is due in part to the fact that in pruning each tree is a new problem and cannot be treated like any other tree. It follows, then, that the only way to learn to prune correctly is to learn the under- lying principles. : In the same way that no trees are alike, no two branches are alike, yet all have some traits in common. One of these is the fact that all branches srow from the terminal, and that the buds farther along the branch are stronger than those near the crotch. This is because the buds near the end are able to secure more sunlight than the others. Every bud on a tree if permitted to grow would develop into a branch. This we know never hap- pens, so it follows that the tree devel- ops some buds at the expense of others. There is a struggle for exist- ence between the buds and twigs, and the great majority of buds never develop. This is natural pruning. The question has been raised and agitated by prominent authorities as to whether pruning devitalizes the trees. This can be considered from three viewpoints. First, from the principles of growth, we know that a tree is a group of smaller trees. Unlike animals, the branches are not organs performing specialized func- tions; but each branch does the same thing the other branches do, so that cutting one will only help the remain- ing ones. You are merely following the practices of nature. Some plant physiologists have raised the theory of initial vitality and that pruning lessens this vitality, i. e., an unpruned tree will have a vitality of ten, and after part of the tree is removed the vitality will be nine. The error in this theory is in the hypothesis. The vitality of a tree depends on the nourishment and outside conditions. Cutting off part of a tree does not rob it of vitality, but, on the other hand, the shock tends to increase the energy of the other parts. The exception to this rule comes in the case where too many leaves are cut off. The third circumstance in support of pruning is common experi- ence. It has been proved again and again that more and better fruit can be grown on pruned than on un- pruned trees. In studying the principles of prun- ing, we must study and watch the fruit spurs and buds of the different trees. These vary greatly. Peaches bear on last year’s wood, apples on year before last’s. Peaches grow from lateral buds, apples from the terminal buds. Peach buds come in triplets, a fruit bud on each side of a leaf bud. In apples the fruit buds are separate; they are identified by their shape and size, being larger and more blunt than the leaf buds. In the East a fruit bud bears every other year, but in the West they bear every year. Differen- tiation into fruit and leaf buds takes place in the summer, so that only summer pruning can effect them. Sum- mer pruning will cause an increase in the number of fruit buds. A very important detail, and one that is gen- erally overlooked by the pruner, is the method of making cuts. Cut IQII | One Year Old Two Years Old smoothly, close to branch. If you cut otherwise stubs projecting will be slow to heal, and will probably become infected, in time rotting the entire heart of the tree. This is a point often spoken of but rarely observed. That it is important is shown by the fact that several species of bacteria live entirely on the cuts and exposed wood of trees. All healing is done by the cambium layer. The aim of the grower, then, is to keep the cambium active, especi- ally around the big cuts. This can be done by irritating the callous formed with a knife or, better still, by slitting it. The pressure of the cambium on the bark has been demonstrated at fifty pounds to the square inch, so that a cut will cause a rapid growth. No dressing has been devised that will cause a wound to heal rapidly, the function of a dressing being only to cover the wound and to prevent infec- tion. Lead paint is most satisfactory. Cornell University has held a series of experiments to determine the time to prune, and has proved that success- ful pruning can be done at any month in the year. The wounds heal far best, however, if pruned just before the growing season. In the sawing of large branches it is best to make a first cut about a foot from the trunk and then saw the stub off at the trunk. In this way you prevent the weight of the branch tearing the cut when part way through. Altogether too much pruning is done by growers and pro- fessional pruners from a viewpoint of form and appearance. This is all right for shade trees, but fruit trees have a different purpose, and must be pruned with a view to fruitfulness and well being. Since no two trees are alike, and since conditions vary, it follows that no specific rules can be given for pruning each and every tree; but, as before mentioned, there are principles of pruning that apply to all trees. Top pruning produces wood growth. The reason for this lies in the fact that the top and roots of a tree bal- ance each other, i. e., the top is just Three Years Old Apple Trees Properly Pruned BETTER FRU a—i>— =~ One Year Old large enough to handle and transform the sap sent it by the roots. If this balance is disturbed by the loss of part of the top, the tree at once restores it. Root pruning lessens the production of wood. Checking growth tends to develop fruit spurs. This is true if done at the right season and if done in such a manner as to give an excess of food. Nature has pro- vided that all living things, when destruction threatens them, will hasten to reproduce. Therefore, checking the growth by ringing, or summer pruning, will cause increase in the number of fruit buds. Heavy top pruning in the winter will rejuvenate sickly trees and stimulate slow growing ones. Trees injured by frost can often be saved by pruning severely just before the grow- ing season, the excess of food over- coming the injury by frost. The sea- son. of pruning affects the habits of the tree. Summer pruning will cause fruitfulness because of the excess of food and the check to the growth; winter pruning will cause a woody growth because the balance of the tree is disturbed. Pruned plants tend to resume normal habits of growth, i. e., the effects of pruning are temporary and must be repeated. Habits vary from youth to age both as to bearing and growing. Young trees grow erect and rapidly; later they broaden and give more strength to fruit bearing. Fruit bearing is a habit and may be changed some when young. Once the tree is bearing prop- erly keep it bearing constantly, and never let up for a year, as it will be hard to start when older. Growth is from the terminal buds; put each ter- minal bud in the direction you wish the branch to go. Heading in young trees will broaden and thicken the top; this process can be used for branching drooping trees. An obstruc- tion just above a limb tends to develop longitudinal growth; the reason is that food returning from the top of the tree is stopped and that food coming from the roots is directed up the branch. An obstruction just below a Two Years Old Peach Trees Properly Pruned Page 45 Three Years Old limb tends toward quiescent growth because the food from the roots is cut off. One part of a tree expense of another. Water growths and suckers develop too rapidly to manufacture all their food. The cold countries are apt to have excessive evaporation, therefore one wants few branches and leaves. Warm climates have sunscald, and there lots of foliage is needed. These rules, as can be seen, are general in their nature. Any- thing more specific would be apt to be misleading because of the great variation of conditions. They must be taken by the grower and applied to his own specific orchard, and to each tree in that orchard. Each grower should prune his own trees; first, because he is most interested in them; second, because he knows what the trees are doing and what they want, and, third, because he knows what he wants. can live at the COMPETING FOR PRESIDENT ELLIOTT’S $500 APPLE PRIZE Nineteen apple growers of the Northwest have entered the prize contest at the American Land and Irrigation Exposition which will be held at Madison Square Garden, New York City, November 3-12. President Elliott of the Northern Pacific has offered $500 in gold for the best display of twenty-five boxes of apples, any variety. Those entering the contest are: Beasley & Dinges, North Yakima; John H. Estes, Toppenish; H. M. Gilbert, North Yak- ima; Robert Johnson, North Yakima; Elmer B. Johnson, Prosser; Ulrich C. Johnson, Toppen- ish; J. D. Laughlin, Toppenish; Harry Maxted, owner, and Frank L. Howting, manager, North Yakima; C. H. Pearl, Prosser; Ella D. Row- land, Toppenish; C. C. Greageson, Prosser; Yakima-Euclid Fruit Company, Prosser; Ernest C. Hill, Selah; John Scoon, Sunnyside; Olson Fruit Company, Toppenish; C. Tichacek, Moses Lake, and Laughlin McLean, Spokane, Wash- ington; H. A. Brigg, Victor, and S. W. A. Wil- son, Paradise, Montana. The outcome of this competition will be watched with deep interest by the people of the Northwest, and may the best man win. The King of the Woods drag saw machine got the blue ribbon, highest award, at the Oregon State Fair at Salem this fall. This is a wonderful wood harvester, and with the new improvement the operator without changing his position can lift the saw out of the cut and at the same time operate the lever to pull the drag saw ahead. A very handy arrangement for sawing small logs.. It will pay you to look into the merits of this machine. Write the manufacturers, the Reierson Machinery Com- pany, Portland, Oregon, for their special offer.* Page 46 BETTER FRUIT Gardena Orchard Experience of E. C. Burlingame From Freewater (Oregon) Times, January 24, 1910 HE object of this article is of vast importance to the thousands of prospective fruit growers and home builders in the Pacific Northwest; and in taiking to you on the subject of planting and care of young orchards I shall not undertake to do so from a scientific standpoint, for the simple reason that I am not a scientific man. I shall talk to you as a fruit grower voung in the business, and give you the benefit of my experience and observation along this line. If a fruit grower gets the right start in putting out his trees, uses common sense and applies himself seriously to the making of a successful orchard he is bound to succeed; and in suc- ceeding he is giving to society as well as to himself an object lesson. In selecting a tract of land for home or an orchard plenty of time should be taken to examine soil and climatic conditions, water supply, transporta- tion facilities and everything that per- tains to the same. It is important to consider this truth: The better the general soil condition the better and greater the product and income of your farm is ultimately bound to be. It is an assured fact that if from seventy-five to ninety per cent of the upper ten feet of your orchard tract is gravel or coarse sand, rock and boulders it will not begin to give you the revenue that a tract would where these objectionable features do not exist, as growth, color, size and appearance of your fruit to a great extent is going to correspond with the condition of your top soil and sub- soil. A reasonable amount of sand or gravel in the sub-soil is not an injury to an orchard, as it gives it natural drainage regardless of the slope of the land. Inasmuch as_ seventy-five per cent of the orchard tracts in the Pacific Northwest are going to be irri- gated land the question of drainage is always a serious one; but where irrigation is conducted with intelli- gence—which is being done more every year—it becomes a matter of judgment in applying the water to the land rather than drainage. If a farm does not lie naturally so that the water drains off well the intelligent fruit growers, realizing that a water- logged condition of the soil is injuri- ous to his fruit, will quickly learn to apply only the amount of water needed for the growth of the crop and not allow a surplus water to be turned on, thus, through his intelli- gence, reaping the greatest returns from his orchard. The poorer the soil and the more boulders and rocks it contains the greater the amount of artificial fer- tilization required; and it is only a question of a few years when the now easily obtainable fetrilizers, such as barnyard manure, will be in such great demand as to be come costly, and artificial fertilizers will have to be: shipped in at great expense, as is now being done in the orange orchards of Southern California. In planting an orchard great care should be taken not to get the trees too close together. Figuring all the time ten or twelve years ahead, the orchard grower should picture to him- self the size of the tree when it will be ten to twelve years old and plant accordingly. One of the chief causes of so many small size, inferior look- ing apples is that the trees have been planted too close together. Hardly two fruit growers agree on just how far apart the trees should be, but the progressive fruit grower of today is giving his trees plenty of sunshine and room for thorough cultivation with teams between trees. Orchards that I have been planting the past year or two are planted on the hex- agonal plan, thirty feet apart with fillers, equaling the number of the original trees, leaving my orchard rows twenty-six feet apart and the trees fifteen feet apart in the row. I am using an early quick bearing fruit tree for fillers, thereby enabling me to secure an early return from the orchard. The Rome Beauty or the Jonathan make excellent fillers, com- mencing to bear the third year and at five years yielding about two boxes to the tree. Filler trees should be allowed to bear as long as_ possible without injury to permanent orchard, and should then be taken out. Some orchardists argue that one of the drawbacks to the filler tree is that the planter will not cut the filler out on account of the money he is receiv- ing from it. That might have been the method pursued by orchardists in former days, but I believe the intelli- gent fruit grower of today will not hesitate to remove the trees that he knows are a menace to the future welfare of his orchard. In digging the holes for the trees I make it a rule to dig as large, deep hole, say two feet to two and one- half feet in diameter, and not less than two feet deep, in good soil; and where hardpan exists, as it does in some localities in this country, if from six to sixteen inches thick I invariably go entirely through the hardpan, even though I dig the hole four and one-half feet deep. In removing the soil from the hole I always place the top foot of soil in a pile to one side by itself, placing the soil below that in another pile by itself, and after the hole is dug I refill it to within eighteen inches of the top with the best top soil in the vicinity, leaving the soil taken from a foot below the surface to be scat- tered on the top of the adjacent land. This gives the young tree the benefit of all the strength of the humus in the topsoil and gives it a fine bed to start its young roots in, and in the case of the hardpan gives opportunity for the December roots to go down and leaves a drain- age through the hardpan for any sur- plus water that might naturally accu- mulate there. As the Pacific Northwest is a coun- try of prevailing winds, I lean my trees sharply in the direction of the winds. In setting the trees out where I have water I always run the water in a furrow down alongside the pro- posed tree row, allowing the holes that I have already partially filled with the top soil to fill with water, thereby settling the ground compactly and firmly below the roots of the trees that are to go into the holes. I set the tree on top of this foundation of top soil, already settled and wet by the water, and spreading out the roots with my hands tramp them firmly and fill within an inch of the ground level, completely and firmly, with the best top soil in the orchard and again run the water down the tree row, letting it into the tree hole, thus settling the new top soil around and over the tiny roots and fibers of the tree; and after a couple of hours I follow along with a shovel, completely filling the hole with dry, mellow surface dirt, thereby preventing any crust forming around the tree. Healthy trees thus planted will give ninety-nine per cent of a stand. I cut my trees off about six- teen inches above the surface of the soil. In this country the hard fight will be to get the trees evenly balanced or shaped—I mean the side away from the prevailing wind is apt to be the heavier and the limb growth on that side much the better, as the trees lean the way the wind blows, and those limbs have no hindrance to their growth; whereas the limbs on the windy side of the tree from the time they make their appearance as tiny sprouts until the end of the season are blown and twisted around in all direc- tions by the wind. It is one of the problems of the orchardist to get as many limbs on the windy side of the tree as on the other. I advocate graft- ing new limbs or buds into the young trees where the wind has kept them from growing, and shall continue to do so with my own every year until: such time as my orchard is big enough to partially protect itself and until I get the trees uniform in shape, that is, for the limbs on the windy side of the tree to balance in size and length the limbs on the opposite side of the tree. This is absolutely necessary to produce a beautiful, shapely and sym- metrical tree, bearing fruit equally on all sides. If an orchardist persists in this method a few years he is bound to have what he wants—a _ perfect shaped orchard tree. I cut back the first year’s growth of the young trees to about six inches, the second year’s growth to about eight inches, leaving the third year not to exceed one foot, estimating that it will take three years to form the main tree and its permanent limbs. In our windy country a low, droop- IQII ing, broad spread tree is the ideal for the commercial orchard. The application of water to an orchard depends entirely upon the location of the orchard and the nature of the soil therein. If the orchard is situated on a side hill and the ground is inclined to be gravelly and porous it will necessarily have to be irrigated oftener than on heavy, fine grained soil. In my young orchard in the Yakima Valley I was compelled to irrigate, cultivating thoroughly after each irrigation. In the Walla Walla Valley, with its light volcanic ash soil, in my poung orchard, I only irrigated once during the season, but I culti- vated the orchard several times with a spring-tooth harrow early in the spring before irrigating. Immediately after irrigating I continued cultivating and working the top soil thoroughly, so as to conserve all moisture therein and prevent the ground from caking or forming into clods later on. After irrigating an orchard it should always be cultivated very thoroughly as soon as it is safe for horses to go upon the ground without miring. In my opinion cultivation is the one thing which so many orchardists fail to appreciate. When an orchard is free from weeds and is dry and mel- low on top, the general impression is that this is all that is needed to keep it in proper shape. This is entirely wrong. What has been done is good so far as it goes, but the good work is only commenced. Constant and thorough cultivation is the one impor- tant thing in orchard culture. If an orchard is cultivated every week or ten days many people think it a waste of labor and time, because the soil looks just as it did before, but if you will get right down to nature and take a piece of Jand and cultivate it once a month and take another piece directly adjoining it and cultivate it once a week, the end of the season will tell you plainly that the orchard cultivated once a week will have a greater amount of conserved moisture in the soil and a healthier growth of the trees. My young orchard of 140 acres at Gardena, Washington, where the nat- ural rainfall does not exceed seven inches per annum and oftimes is only five, I thoroughly irrigated once in the spring and immediately afterward cultivated the ground, plowed it deep and commenced the summer’s work of cultivation. It took a four horse orchard cultivator exactly eight days to go over the orchard, and my man never ceased cultivating from the time he started in April until the end of October. As fast as he went over the orchard he immediately turned around and recultivated it, keeping this up the entire summer, gauging the cultivator a little deeper at each culti- vation until at the end of October it was being cultivated about ten inches deep; and you could see at that time that the cultivator teeth still continued to bring up moist ground. It was in BETTER FRUIT reality a practical demonstration of what cultivation will do. I did not myself expect to conserve the moisture as was done. I fully expected to have to irrigate the orchard in August, and I went weekly to examine the soil, but I saw, with agreeable surprise, that the moisture continued in the soil. Knowing that it would be much bet- ter for the trees to go into winter with a tough, matured wood growth rather than a fresh burst of new growth, I refrained from irrigating them. The result was that I had on young trees planted this spring from two to three and one-half feet of wood growth, and on trees planted a year before from two and one-half to five feet wood growth. Talking with fruit growers this fall after they had looked at my orchard, several of them remarked: “Why, your orchard has made_ too much wood growth this year.” To my mind cultivation is three-quarters of the battle. By constant cultivation every weed is killed, no insects are allowed to grow or live in the soil and almost the entire amount of moisture put in it is conserved. The dust blanket formed by constant cul- tivation makes a splendid non-con- ductor, and while the soil may not Page 47 have lungs to breathe with, one watch- ing the growth of trees would almost think they got their inspiration from the lungs of the earth. I believe that anybody writing an article on the growth of orchards, or on any other subject about which he presumes to know something, should actually practice what he preaches; and a visit to my orchard would tell you that I am doing so. If a man were to get one dollar each for the growing weeds found in my orchards I seriously doubt if he could, with his money, pay his board at country rates for the time spent in the search. I take it for granted that you would not expect me, a farmer, to write as well as I work, but I fully believe that if the fruit growers of the Pacific Northwest will constantly cul- tivate their young orchards during the growing season they will become im- bued with the idea that if constant cultivation makes a successful growth for a young orchard, constant care and constant application of the best methods after the trees are grown will without doubt make _ successful orchardists—in my mind, the _ best class of people in the world. June Budding of Cherries By W. H. Addis, Montavilla, Oregon UNE budding is not practiced in this climate and is not considered prac- tical. Many consider it impossible. Cherry budding is more difficult than any other kind of fruit tree budding. The accompanying photograph shows buds inserted at three different times. The larger limb from the upper joint is the result of a bud inserted in Sep- Illustration Showing Buds Inserted at Three Different Times tember, 1910. The bunch of leaves standing out in front is a bud of this year’s growth, inserted in June of this year. The string on the limb to the left marks a September bud of this year, while the limb to right and the one seen dimly behind it are grown from dormant buds taken from graft sticks, inserted in June of this year. The one that can be seen least of any is from a terminal that I split and inserted as I would a bud. It will be seen that the buds of this year’s growth lived and made leaves, but did not grow a branch. On the other hand, the dormant buds of last year’s growth made a splendid limb growth, almost as much as was made by grafts set in March, and a much smoother, bet- ter joint. Keeping the buds dormant is the most important point. The best way to do this is to cut your sticks in Jan-_ uary and put them in a cool place with their buds to the ground. Never pile the dirt around them nor allow them to become too warm. Too much moisture or too high a temperature will cause them to start growing and to soften up. The buds should be as dormant as when cut if possible, but not too dry. If the stick has not withered so much the better. Top working Mazzard seedlings is very difficult, but I have found that it can be done more suc- cessfully and satisfactorily by budding in June with dormant buds than by any other method. June budding can be done on trees where the grafts have failed to grow. This gives us two tries at the same tree the same year. Page 48 BES isn ia Art of Careful Pruning a Very Helpful Practice By C. I. Lewis, Professor Horticulture, Oregon Agricultural College ANY people seem to think that pruning is a weakening, a devital- izing practice, and it may be such, but only under very unusual circum- stances. Nature is a vigorous pruner— probably not more than one bud in ten survives in the race. Notice the forest trees, how the lower branches die; or even in our orchards how many of the branches succumb in the battle of life. Pruning, when properly done, instead of devitalizing should give more life, more vigor to the plant. The first lesson for us to learn is that there is a natural balance between the root and the top. Disturb gently this balance and you give rise to seri- ous reactions. Deep plowing of an orchard which has not been plowed for years cuts off many of the feed- ing roots. Unless the top is pruned back we find that the tree makes a feeble growth, the leaves being often less than half their normal size, the fruit small and often worthless. On the other hand, should you prune the top very severely on trees of good vitality, the reaction will be a thick growth of watersprouts, which will sap the vitality from the other parts of the tree. Only by laborious sum- mer pruning and everlasting vigi- lance for several years can the tree be restored to its normal condition. There are certain cases where heavy pruning is advisable. Often old peach trees have lost all the vigorous wood, especially that which is found on the inside and lower sections of the tree. Such trees have outlived their useful- ness, but often have the vitality suffi- cient to grow a new top when they are very severely cut back to stubs. Like- wise, old cherry trees which have in some cases ten or twelve feet of dead wood in the top can be built into strong, vigorous, heavy producing trees by cutting back severely to vigorous wood. In such cases we are confining the whole energy of the trees to a much reduced number of buds. Badly frozen trees are subjected to the same treatment. Young trees will stand much more severe pruning than old ones. The reaction can be handled much more easily by a combination of summer and winter pruning. The problems of pruning, then, differ with the age of the tree. We find the habits of the young tree to be different from those of the old one. In the young tree the terminal buds are the dormant ones, while in the old tree the lateral buds become the stronger. A pruned tree always tends to return to its natural habit of growth. Cut the center from a tree and you will note that it strives to develop a new one. Head in a strong grower, and it tends to shoot upward again. I would not have the reader think that we cannot modify by pruning, for it is well known that the heading in of young trees develops a stronger lateral growth. This head- ing in, if not too severe, in some cases serves as a check to the tree and serves to induce fruitfulness by caus- ing the formation of fruit spurs. The season has an influence on pruning. Winter pruning, if it is done heavily, tends to produce wood. Sum- mer pruning, if lightly done, probably aids in the formation of fruit buds. A combination of the two will probably give the best success. As an example, the thinning out of surplus wood in winter and the light heading in during the summer. Such phases will be dis- cussed more in detail in the future. In conclusion I would state that the habit and individuality of the tree There has been considerable discussion about the life of an apple tree. is a picture of an apple tree planted at Vancouver, Washington, in 1824. December must be studied if one prunes intelli- gently. Some trees are naturally very fruitful, others are not; and often in such cases pruning seems to be of little value. Editor Better Fruit: Please accept my thanks for the additional copy of the September issue which I have received from you. I also have your letter of the twenty-seventh and am pleased to say that you have good cause to be proud of not only your July number but of every month’s issue that I have seen. Yours respectfully, Joseph Flaherty, Pittsburg. Editor Better Fruit: We find that your paper is a very valuable one to the fruit grower, and we get a great many inquiries on account of our advertise- ment in your paper. We advise all of our people to subscribe for your paper, as we find that the articles which you publish are of such high order that they are valuable to every person who is interested in this sub- ject. With best wishes for your success in maintaining this high standard, we beg to remain yours truly, Spokane Valley Irrigated Land Co., Inc., by D. M. Thompson, President. The above illustration It must be borne in mind that this tree has stood for eighty-six years without cultivation, without care and neglected in every way. in the Northwest. not live as long as in the East. It is still bearing fruit at eighty-six years old, showing the life of an apple tree Some people are under the impression that apple trees in the Northwest do Elsewhere in this edition we give an illustration of the “Handy Apple Tree,” grown in Virginia, claimed to be one hundred years old, also an illustration of an old apple tree grown in North Carolina, claimed to be one hundred years old or more BETTER FRUIT Largest Apple Tree in the Country E are indebted to the Southern Railway Company of Washington, District of Columbia, for the accom- panying illustration of the remarkable apple tree grown in Wilkes County, North Carolina. Apparently the cli- matic conditions of that section are particularly adapted to apple raising and pecularly conducive to great longevity of apple trees. This tree is known to be over one hundred years old, and may be one hundred and fifty. It certainly must have been a large tree ninety years ago, for Mr. Newton Gentry of Trap Hill, Wilkes County, North Carolina, states that his grand- father, Jim Fields, killed a deer in 1820 near this tree, and hung it on a limb to put it out of reach of dogs and wolves while he continued his hunt. Mr. Gentry has used the fruit from this tree for over sixty years, and Mr. W. A. Johnson, his neighbor, states that the tree was as large fifty years ago as it is today. A recent measurement showed the trunk to be sixteen feet five inches in circumference at the ground and twelve feet six inches just below the first limb. It is also stated that the trunk is perfectly solid to this day. Were it cut down and the center hol- lowed out it would be large enough for an ordinary cow to walk through without touching her sides or back to the inside walls. The tree has been neglected for years, but was recently pruned. Before the large limbs were cut off the spread was about sixty- two feet. The variety is not exactly known, but the natives call it the “Rich Apple,” as the color is a rich yellow and striped red, and has a very fine flavor. The fruit is ripe about Septem- ber and keeps until late fall. Mr. Gentry does not recall a year in the past sixty that it has not blossomed, and thinks he has seen at least fifty bushels of apples grown on it in a single season. The tree is now owned by J. B. Horton of Elkins, North Caro- lina, and the apple will be cultivated and perpetuated under the name of “Horton’s Second Century Rich Apple.” This name has been suggested as the tree is now in its second century, and bids fair to live a great many years longer. Editor Better Fruit: We have yours of the sixth stating you were going to send an extra copy of your paper each month that it may be taken home. We certainly appreciate this very much, for it always contains valuable articles and sug- gestions, and the writer has been religiously keeping all the marked copies you have been sending for the last two years. Keep the good work up, for you have surely set a pace that is hard to follow and one that is well worthy of emulation. With best wishes for your continued success, we are yours very truly, Yakima Valley Nurseries Company. B. R. Sturm, Manager, Toppenish, Washington. Page 49 NEW SPRAYING RECOMMENDATIONS OF VALUE We have never yet found a man too old or too experienced to learn. In fact, the more we learn the more we realize how little we do know. No fruit grower, however experienced, can afford to pass by without considering the experience of other successful growers. There- fore every fruit grower should obtain a copy of the new book, ‘Spraying Simplified,” just published by the Vreeland Chemical Company. There are two points in this book of especial interest to the experienced grower, the section on fall spraying and the recommendations for the extensive use of lime-sulphur solution asa fungicide. A few growers, no doubt, will take issue with some of these spraying directions, but as the book was compiled from the recom- mendations of the highest authorities and from the experience of practical growers who have used and thoroughly tested out the spraying suggestions recommended, they are entitled to respectful consideration. The recommendations are new—not a rehash of old matter which has been proved obsolete in the light of our later and more complete knowledge of the orchard’s enemies. “Spraying Simplified”? is one of the most comprehensive yet concise booklets ever issued on this subject. While written to meet the needs of the average farmer who does not make a business of fruit raising, there is much in its sixty-eight pages that will interest every raiser of fruit. A free copy will be sent to any grower who will mention this paper in writing to The Vreeland Chemical Company, 50 Church street, New York City. * Editor Better Fruit: I am enclosing $1.50 for a yearly subscrip- tion to ‘Better Fruit,’ beginning with the number for November, 1911. I am a student in horticulture, returning home to Bombay, British India, after a stay of over five years in the United States. I shall see what I can do, in my humble way, in introducing ‘‘modern scientific methods” in that ancient land of wonders. With every good wish in your work, I am, for mutual benefit and success, yours truly, B. L. Joshi. P. S.—Sorry I have not time to visit Hood River before leaving. J. A. Kiggins & Sons, Springwater, Oregon, cut twenty-four cords of wood in four and a half hours, and seventeen cords out of a dead log in three hours. The dead log no doubt would have been burnt up in order to clear the land but for the King of the Woods drag saw. The log will easily net the owner $34 or more. Write the manufacturers, the Reierson Machin- ery Company, Portland, Oregon, for their spe- cial offer on the King of the Woods drag saw.* Editor Better Fruit: The drawing herewith is a convenience I use in tree planting which I think is somewhat handier than anything I have seen for the pur- pose up to this time. It can be made of any light material that is handy, and should be made large enough to overcome any uneven- ness of ground surface. are strictly the surface of the land for several feet in order to bring it under a ditch. It is far better under such conditions to pump the water from a ditch to the higher level, and thus preserve the land. The slight additional expense of pumping will be more than counter- balanced by the growth of the trees and their fruitfulmess, as compared to the poor growth and lack of fruit when the surface soil has been removed to any depth. Drainage should be given consideration, par- ticularly if the land is low and liable to have water stand too near the sur- face during the spring and summer months. - Early planting is always advisable in California with deciduous fruit, forest trees and shrubs. We do not recom- mend fall planting for the reason that our growing season often extends into the month of December, and to dig Milwaukie Nurseries Write for prices on Yellow Newtown and Spitzenberg apple trees. My trees are True to Name and first class, grown on high ridge land without irrigation, and give satisfaction. Address N. B. Harvey Proprietor Milwaukie Nurseries MILWAUKIE, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT — IQII Crops from Frost BETTER FRUIT Next season by ordering Orchard Heaters now. It has been proven without doubt by four years’ trial that National Orchard Heaters will afford the surest protection and do it with less expense than any others. The True Principle of Orchard Heating, accord- ing to Government reports, is to increase the number of heaters used to the acre rather than to increase the size of the heaters. We have always recommended 80 NATIONAL HEATERS to the acre, which number has been ample to save the crops. WRITE today for full information and prices. The National Orchard Heater Co. Grand Junction, Colorado up the trees until the growth is checked by frost, which rarely occurs before the latter part of November, is a very risky proposition. In the case of citrus trees and evergreens, plantings should commence in the late spring and may continue until the early summer months. The trees, when received at point of destination, should be immediately unpacked and the roots laid in a trench and well covered with soil, which should then be thoroughly wet down. If delayed in transit, thereby becoming dry and_ suffering from exposure (the bark showing signs of shirveling), it is a good plan to immerse the trees in a tank over night, and the following day bury root and top completely in damp soil for a few days until they become normal, when they may with safety be planted out. Should trees be frozen while in transit place the package in a cellar or some other place free from frost until thawed out, when they can be unpacked and heeled in, preparatory to planting. Trees treated in this manner will not be injured by having been frozen. In localities where the seasons are very much later than ours, due to higher elevation or to the difference in latitude, it is far better to have stock forwarded while in the dormant condi- POST CARDS Mail us 50 cents in stamps and we will forward to your address 25 souve- nir post cards of Hood River Valley and Columbia River scenery, conceded to be the most picturesque scenery in the world. HOOD RIVER POST CARD CO. Box 153, Hood River, Oregon A Splendid Nursery FOR SALE Includes 43 acres of good nursery land, with stock and equipment. Good reasons for selling. Must be sold soon. For further particulars, address BEAVER REALTY COMPANY ASHLAND, OREGON tion. If purchasers will call attention to the fact that extreme cold weather will not permit of early planting the nurseryman will defer shipping as late in the season as it is safe to do so. The shipment on arrival at destination should be examined by removing a board from the case, and if the roots appear to be in good condition the con- tents should remain undisturbed and the case should be placed in a cellar or in a cold storage plant, where the tem- perature should be maintained at about thirty-five degrees Fahrenheit. This method of handling trees is thoroughly practicable, so much so that it has been found possible to ship trees to the Anti- podes during the winter season and have shipment placed in cold storage there until the opening of the plant- ing season. Just immediately before planting be sure to examine the roots carefully and cut away to a smooth surface all bruised, lacerated and broken roots and rootlets with a sharp knife. The tree can now be said to be ready for its permanent orchard home. If plant- ing is delayed through circumstances beyond the control of the orchardist Page 05 ‘and a warm spell should intervene in February or March, causing the buds of the trees or vines to start, remove them from the trenches, shake out all the dirt from the roots and expose them for three hours in the morning on a calm day to the rays of the sun. This will cause the small white root- lets which have started to dry up, and if the trees are heeled in (wetting them down, of course) in a shady place their dormancy may be prolonged several weeks. In setting out one person should hold the tree in an upright posi- tion against the notch in the tree setter while another shovels or fills in the loose soil around it, first spreading out the roots and rootlets in as natural a position as possible. The surface or friable soil should be put in first among the roots, care being taken to fill in every interstice, thus bringing all the roots in direct contact with the soil. When the hole is two-thirds full firm the earth thoroughly about the roots, but before doing this draw the tree up to its permanent position. The top three to four inches of soil should not be tramped. A basin should be scooped out around the tree which will hold at least ten gallons of water, and unless heavy rains should intervene to fill it up water should be applied either by bucket or by irrigation. The following day draw in loose soil to fill up this basin, reducing it to a fine condition of tilth, but do not tramp in. Guard against setting too deeply, but allow for the settling of the soil, so that when once established the tree will stand about as it did at the time of removal from the nursery rows. In the hot interior valleys of California it is also very important to protect the trunks with Yucca tree protectors until they can supply their own shade. As has been suggested previously, above all things have your ground in the very best condition of tilth. The DONALD GROWN NURSERY STOCK That is what you want, because our stock of fruit and ornamental trees is exceptionally fine. Our fruit trees were propagated from buds taken from bearing orchards; they are vigorous, healthy, and above all true to name; that stocky body, grown on whole roots, makes them an ideal tree to plant. A POSTAL WILL BRING OUR PRICES DONALD NURS ERY CO.., Donald, Oregon LESLIE BUTLER, President TRUMAN BUTLER, Vice President Cc. H. VAUGHAN, Cashier Established 1900 Butler Banking Company HOOD RIVER, OREGON Capital fully paid $100,000 INTEREST PAID ON TIME DEPOSITS We give special attention to Good Farm Loans If you have money to loan we will find you good real estate security, or if you want to borrow we can place your application in good hands, and we make no charge for this service. THE OLDEST BANK IN HOOD RIVER VALLEY WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 66 importance of this one point cannot be dwelt upon too forcibly, for it not only insures more rapid work on the part of the men setting your trees, but in addition to this, not having any clods to contend with, the fine loose soil packs around the roots when tramped in, and if for any reason there should be no opportunity of settling the trees with water after planting there is very little danger of their drying out. Before proceeding with the planting of an orchard or vineyard the land should be laid off having one side and end of the field at right angles. When there are no regular subdivisions to work from, and particularly where extensive plantings are to be carried on, these base lines should be estab- lished with a transit. Nothing is more unsightly than to have your trees or vines out of line, and by following out the suggestion of having these base lines at right angles there is very little probability of this occurring. There are two methods of planting, the square, which is the most universally used, and the equilateral triangle. A stake about half an inch square and one foot long split out of redwood will be found to be a very convenient size as a marker for the setting of the trees. Dip about six inches of one end in whitewash, as they can then be readily seen, and should any of the stakes be out of line it will be noticed at once. Before digging the holes it is necessary to have a tree setting board. This is easily made out of a piece of 1x4 four feet long with an inch hole at each end and a notch in the center. Place the notched center against the stake where the tree is to be planted and push a stake into the ground through the holes at each end of the planter and remove the center stake. The hole may now be dug, and this should not be less than eighteen inches in diam- | ae | i BETTER FRUIT eter and eighteen inches deep. After the hole is dug replace the board over the end stakes in its former position, then plant the tree with the trunk rest- ing against the center notch in the board and it will be in identically the same place as the stake which was removed to dig the hole. The Square Method.—Having the corners fixed, the next step is to lay off the ground. In order to fully understand the matter we will suppose that the trees are to be planted twenty- four feet apart. To set stakes for ten trees for each stretch of the wire it will be necessary to have a wire 240 feet long with a short two-foot link at each end for a three-inch iron ring, through which the iron pegs are pushed into the ground after it is drawn taut, to hold it in place. Use a No. 10 gauge galvanized wire and at each twenty-four-foot point have a small piece of wire wrapped around it and soldered into place. Before pro- ceeding with the laying out of the ground set stakes twenty-four feet apart along one of the base lines. Having set the stakes along the out- side line, start at the same end of the field again and set another line of stakes, parallel with the first line and the length of the chain distant from it. Follow out this method until the entire field is laid out in checks. With the check lines established it is only necessary now to set stakes at the twenty-four-foot marks on the wire where the trees are to be planted. The Best Part of Michigan is Oceana, the most western county in state. More rural schools, churches and telephones than any other county in United States. One hundred miles macadamized roads. Fruit is bringing up to $1,000 per acre; wheat 40 bush- els; potatoes 300 bushels; alfalfa and dairy coming fast. Write for list of farms. HANSON & SON, Hart, Michigan mc: Delivered in United States and Canada for HIGH GRADE, TOOL STEEL, FORGED, FINELY TEMPERED, with $2 00 1 lock nut; 30 inches long. HAND PRUNERS, J. A. HENCKELS, IMPORTED, 9-inch, riveted plate, ? 00 long brass spring, ratchet nut. Delivered in United States and Canada for 1 THE HOOD RIVER HAND PRUNER, 29-inch, made especially for our require- ments, the best shear produced. for We sell every kind of up-to-date pruning tools. Write us about your wants. B.A. FRANZ CO., Hood River, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT December Hamilton Reservoir Orchard Heater The Heater you will eventually buy. THE REGULATED FIRE. Control the heat and meet every weather condition with true fuel economy. This means a small fire for a slight frost, also a large fire for a heavy freeze or windy condition. LARGE OIL CAPACITY (3 and 6 gal- lons) provides for a long burn without refilling. A labor saver. NO SEAMS. The bane of the ‘made- over” lard pail pots—seams—is entirely eliminated. No wasteful oil leakage. BESSEMER STEEL. Honestly built of 26-gauge Bessemer steel to withstand the rust and weather. Common stove pipe iron has no place in its construction. Each of these superior points is exclu- sive in the HAMILTON RESERVOIR HEATER and you should compare it with any other device and discover its greater advantages. Knowing growers after inyes- tigation always buy this heater. Mr. A. Gregory, Redlands, California, purchased 8,000 of the 6-gallon reservoir heaters only after exhaustively investigating and testing every type. This is the largest order ever placed by an individual grower in any state, requiring 48,000 gallons of oil for one filling, and the equal of 48,000 of the lard pail type of pots. This should be of interest to you and we want to tell you more about it. Write for our new literature. Hamilton Orchard Heater Co. GRAND JUNCTION, COLORADO PORTLAND WHOLESALE NURSERY COMPANY Rooms 1 and 2 Lambert-Sargeant Building Corner East Alder Street and Grand Avenue PORTLAND, OREGON Bartlett and Anjou A splendid stock of one-year pears, apples and peaches to offer, both wholesale and retail. Orchardists’ Supply Co. 301 Newhouse Building SALT LAKE, UTAH Northern Grown Trees Northern grown, non-irrigated trees on hardy roots are long lived. They come into bearing early and bear heavily. We can supply standard varieties A No. 1 apple trees, one year old, at attractive prices. We grow ornamental stock, shade trees, small fruits, forest seedlings, etc., in quantity. Send for catalog. First prize Middle West “Special,” Fourth National Apple Show, Spokane. The Jewell Nursery Company LAKE CITY, MINNESOTA 1,500 Acres Established 1868 1QII Do You Want a Home in the “BEAUTIFUL OZARKS” of Missouri In the Famous Strawberry Land Apples, peaches, pears, grapes, raspberries, etc., all grow excellently. Ideal location for dairy and poultry business. We offer for sale 60,000 acres of land in 40-acre tracts or more, cheap and on easy terms. Located in Stone and McDonald Counties. For further information address McDonald Land & Mining Co. Rooms 301-2 Miner’s Bank Bldg. Joseph C. Watkins, Manager JOPLIN, MISSOURI Duncan Campbell & Co. 349 DAVIS STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA Car Load Brokers and Distribu- tors Citrus and Deciduous Fruits Write or wire us regarding anything you have to offer in carload lots. Want pears for Eastern shipments; also canning pears. Satisfactory references guaranteed. Tubbesing & Nelson ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA All Grades of BOX APPLES Our Specialty CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED Car Lots Our Specialty John B. Cancelmo 127 DOCK STREET PHILADELPHIA FANCY BOX APPLES S. E. Bartmess UNDERTAKER AND LICENSED EMBALMER For Oregon and Washington Furniture, Rugs, Carpets and Building Material Hood River, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT Equilateral Triangular, or Hexagonal Method.—By this method of planting all the trees are equally distant from each other and the ground is equally divided in all directions. The arrange- ment admits fifteen per cent more trees to the acre than the setting in squares and the ground can be worked in three different directions. Objections are urged to it, however, in that it does not admit of thinning trees by removal of alternate rows, as is sometimes desirable, and that one has to take a zigzag course in driving through the orchard. In planting tracts of any size we do not recommend it. The system should be confined to planting small parcels of land where it is necessary to use every foot of available space. Fruit growing is a business pure and simple, and in its successful operation is quite as apt to call forth the best energies of brain and brawn of those who are in the business as in any other line of commercial activity. Just in the proportion that the orchard receives intensive and intelligent care will it give corresponding returns for the investment of capital, time and labor. Above all things do not plant too many varieties if you desire to be a factor among the commercial fruit growers. No greater mistake can be made. As an illustration, in planting ten acres of peaches and having on each acre a different variety, when this orchard comes into bearing there are so many varieties and so limited a quantity of each that the commercial packer of dried or canned fruits does not feel inclined to pay what the fruit is worth because there is not enough of any one kind to make it an object for him to handle it. Growers in new localities are often concerned over the fact that there will be no outlet for the product. The han- dling and marketing of fruit has assumed such vast proportions that there are always commercial institu- tions eager enough to enter a new field and exploit it-as soon as the produc- tion is large enough to encourage the building of packing houses for the handling of any particular product. Another serious mistake on the part of many growers is to endeavor to harvest enormous crops when ‘their trees are only two or three years old. The result of this unwise policy in many cases is to sacrifice the tree to such an extent that just when it should be bringing profitable returns (it was bur- dened to heavily when young) it either dies or it takes years of extraordinary care to restore it to its proper vigor. It is just as much a mistake to expect too-much from a young tree as it is to require a child to do a man’s work. The care bestowed for the first two or three years in cultivating, pruning and irrigating, where the rainfall is insuffi- cient to carry the trees through the long, dry summer months, is the foun- dation for the upbuilding of a plant which will redound to the credit of the owner and give him ample returns for his intelligent care and years of hard work. The tendency toward overpro- Page 67 Electric Wiring & Supply Co. CHRISTMAS DECORATING A SPECIALTY President....................... ALVA L. DAY V.-President & Manager..... J. M. GEIGER Secretary & Treasurer...... W.R. SHUMAN Home Phone 3 HOOD RIVER, OREGON WANTED First-class agents to sell orchard tracts, already planted, on the install- ment plan. A fine proposition for live wires. Communicate with us imme- diately. Nothing better anywhere in orchards. Just outside incorporation of Nampa, on car line. Eagle Heights Orchards Co. Nampa, Idaho Don’t Buy Trees Till you see us. We are giving the biggest value for the least money, in any nursery stock you can buy. Quality unequaled, at unparalleled low prices. Place your order now for prompt fall shipment. Benedict Nursery Co. 67 East 76th Street North PORTLAND, OREGON THE MONARGH PRUNER (Pat.) Ideal hand-forged tool, with detachable saw, and keen cutting edge. Makes smooth, clean cut of largest limb or smallest twig. A simple, durable and speedy pruner. Easy to sharpen. Will last a lifetime. Approved by best fruit growers. Write for circular. THE MONARCH PRUNER CoO. Box 1463, Spokane, Washington Trees and Seeds That Grow 26th Year. For 26 years I have furnished my cus- tomers with trees and seeds direct, without any middleman, at less than half the agents’ price. Freight paid on $10.00 tree orders. Grafted Apple and Peach, 2-3 feet, 1 yearfrom bud, 7c each. Cherry, 15ceach. Full assortment of Vegetable, Flowerand Farm Seeds. Save money; send for my large illustrated Garden Book. Free. GERMAN NURSERIES AND SEED HOUSE (Carl Sonderegger ) Beatrice, Neb. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 68 A block of Yellow Newtowns and a pair of Red Cheeks BE PE Reina The Newtowns are budded and the Red Cheeks “just growed” WRITE FOR PRICES TO December ' WE HAVE NO RED CHEEKS | TO OFFER but we have a fine“lot of Newtown Spitzenberg (rtley and other leading varieties to offer direct to planters, less agents’ commission, Our trees are all grown from buds selected from bearing trees and are guaranteed true- to-name. TRUE-TO-NAME NURSREY PHONE, 2002K duction in young trees is easily elimi- nated by pruning. Next to thorough cultivation there is nothing which is more vital to the life of a tree than this one thing. It is difficult to lay down specific rules on this point, but there are basic ones which can generally be observed in the handling of most deciduous trees, with some exceptions. After a tree is set never fail to cut it back. This is now the general prac- tice among the most successful orchard- ists throughout California, and is the result of years of experience. The following winter from three to four branches, properly distributed around the body of the tree, should be allowed to remain to form the head, and each one of these branches should have at least one-half of its growth removed, cutting away all laterals from them also. These leaders will eventually form the framework of the tree. Above all things do not shorten in a lateral O. W. Butts Wholesale Fruits and Commission Strawberries and Apples Our Specialty A strong house—Pioneer dealer of thirty years’ experience OMAHA, NEBRASKA WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT starting near the terminal point of any of the branches unless you wish to have a hideous crook in your tree. It is a great mistake to think that unless these small laterals are allowed to remain the tree will not start. The result of the first year’s pruning will cause the trees to make an immense growth, and will also induce them to grow stocky. The second winter heavy thinning will have to be followed, and the pruning should be done with a view of causing the framework branches to spread out. After thinning half the growth of the current season should be cut off and again remove all laterals from the framework branches. To the novice this severe cutting seems suicidal, but the results obtained have been so very satisfactory that the soundness of this method cannot be questioned. The third year leave from two to three laterals properly dis- ributed on each of the main stems, but they in turn should be cut back at least onc-half. The third year’s cut- ting need not be so severe, but the thin- ning and shortening in of the fruit bearing branches should be carefully followed out. It is safe to assume that the trees in the fourth year have reached an age when they should bring ample returns, still pruning should be carefully followed out each season. Failure to prune _ severely when the trees are young means that there will be a lot of long spindling branches with practically all the new growth at the tip ends. A heavy crop may be harvested the third year, but HOOD RIVER, OREGON the branches will bend down under their heavy load, become sunburned and even break off in some cases, thus sacrificing a tree to the rapacity of a grower who in his eagnerness to har- vest a crop has killed the “goose that lays the golden egg.” The many advan- tages of this method of pruning are: (1) It makes a low heading and a more stocky tree, affording an umbrageous head, and thus protecting it from the hot rays of the scorching summer sun; (2) it enhances the carrying capacity of the tree, thus avoiding artificial props when maturing a crop of fruit; (3) it expedites the harvesting of the crop by rendering it more accessible to the pickers, thus economizing time and expense; (4) it prolongs the life of the tree by reason of conserving its vital forces and rendering it less liable to damage in the breaking of limbs and taxing its strength by carrying its fruits “close in.” THE Lawrence-Hensley Fruit Co. JOBBERS OF Fruits and Vegetables, and Apple Packers Largest Strawberry Dealers in the West DENVER, COLORADO WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1Qtl BETTER FROIY Page 69 O Consider the merits that you know, from your experience, a spray pump must have to be a Zz success. Endurance, long-wearing qualities, ability to develop high pressure, ease of operation —these are a few of the more important. Now take Deming Spray Pumps, of which the “Samson,” shown herewith, is a first-class illustia- tion. This machine is a growth—sounds funny, but a fact just the same—an adding of good points, one by one, season after season, as our factory tests and practical field work showed them necessary. It was a mighty good outfit at first, but years of testing and improvement have now made it pretty nearly perfect. “YOU COULDN'T IMPROVE IT IF YOU HAD IT MADE TO ORDER” It’s a splendid, well built, all-around pump. Made without complicated parts, every piece strong and substantial. Working parts all brass; valves, etc., easy to get at. Every ‘“‘Samson” has a long “lease on life” that would be impossible in a cheaply or carelessly-built machine. You can get 90 to 125 pounds or more, depending on the number of nozzles. The big air chamber holds the pressure steady; the plunger throws an equal amount of liquid at each stroke. The long lever makes pumping much easier; the operator can always stand erect—no ‘“‘lame back” to count in. BESIDES THE “SAMSON” WE MAKE OVER 20 OTHER SPRAYERS — HAND AND POWER We are the largest spray pump manufacturers in the country; we make spray pumps for all uses, hand and power; nozzles, attachments, etc. We will be glad to supply full particulars upon request. GET OUR HANDSOME CATALOGUE AND NAME OF DEMING DEALER NEAR YOU—FREE Our 1912 Catalogue will be ready soon; we want you to have a copy now. Deming Spray Pumps are sold by dealers almost everywhere and we shall be pleased to give you the name of our agent near- est you. If not represented in your locality, we will supply you direct, at factory prices. Write today. CRANE CO., Pacific Coast Agents PORTLAND SEATTLE SPOKANE SAN FRANCISCO THE DEMING COMPANY, 335 Success Building, Salem, Ohio Manufacturers of Hand and Power Pumps for all Uses; Hydraulic Rams, Etc. AGENCIES IN PRINCIPAL CITIES -SNIWSG - ONIW3G “ONIW 3G: zy \ CO MQ OOOO ISS SSMS SRE DEMING DEMING DEMING DEMING DEMI ONINSG ONINSG ONINSG: DEMING: DEMING DEMING DEMING DEMING DEMIN DEMING DEMING MMMM Grafted Walnut Trees We do not grow regular nursery stock, but make = mt | | ee 390 O TOI IOIOIOIOESCS ESOC DSS SUSU @ i Three Vital Points ! q for Buyers of Printing ne, an SSeacsavuscesxt Bocca Te SaaS Se Se yt ———————————————— SSM Quality: The highest that brains applied to the best modern equip- ment can produce. a specialty of first-class grafted Walnut Trees. While we are growing and grafting our own trees for our 250-acre tract, we decided to grow some trees for sale. Service: Promptness and the ut- most care exercised from inception to completion of all orders. In doing so we believe we are offering the very best trees that can be bought at any price. Vroo- man Franquettes grafted on Royal Hybrid and Cost: The lowest possible, consist- California Black roots. I : ent with quality and good service. Our supply has never been equal to the demand, so if you want to be sure and have your order filled, order early. Ferd Groner Rose Mound Farm HILLSBORO, OREGON You may pay more elsewhere, but you cannot get more quality. F. W. Baltes and Company Printers and Binders, First and Oak, Portland —— ee Heer anisnisnsanianisninanasnianiaamasnasanaassaeanaastaasensamaateaa Ee ES et 3 ESSE SSS ES ESS SSS ES SSS al maw aus Se ee ES ESS ES ES EEE ES ES ESS ESS ES ESSE See WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 70 BETTER FRUIT December D. CROSSLEY & SONS Established 1878 APPLES FOR EXPORT California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Florida fruits. Apples handled in all European markets. Checks mailed from our New York office same day apples are sold on the other side. We are not agents; we sell apples. We make a specialty of handling APPLES, PEARS AND PRUNES on the New York and foreign markets. Correspondence solicited. 200 to 204 FRANKLIN STREET, NEW YORK INGE Vie Na ORRIKS LIVERPOOL LONDON GLASGOW “Northwest” “Northwest” trees trees are best are best LEO UJFFY New Orleans, Louisiana Successor to APPEL & UJFFY The largest wholesale exclusive Fruit and Fancy Vegetable Firm in the South IMPORTERS, RECEIVERS, JOBBERS AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS Correspondence solicited We have for the coming season a complete line of NURSERY STOCK Including everything handled in the nursery line Write for our new prices and catalog NORTHWEST NURSERY CO. North Yakima, Washington AGENTS WANTED APPLES FRUIT uses, and durable. R.H. PENNINGTON & CO. Incorporated | | ssbscribers BOXES d d th Main Office, EVANSVILLE, INDIANA ie yeried ne Branches—St. Louis, Missouri; Owensboro, Kentucky; CAN MAKE TWO CARLOADS DAILY Vincennes, Indiana; Paducah, Kentucky m Bs Washington Mill Co. A P P i E S Wholesale Manufacturers Spokane, Washington WE SPECIALIZE IN Ridle ; Houldin 8&z Co. APPLES Alaa setae WE WANT TO REPRESENT THE GROWERS OF BETTER FRUIT. We know that our BETTER METHODS of selling will bring BETTER RESULTS © A Trial Solicited All Shipments Receive Personal Attention WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BEER ERO “Pansies for Thought” C.C. Morse & Co.’s Patsy Seeds for Planting Sun ripened. Splendid mixtures and separate colors. Send for our giant Obtained from the best European specialists. ‘Prize Strain Mixture’’ and see what a beautiful Pansy bed you'll have. great value. Send for it today. Eg MARKET. STREET SAN FRANCISCO Restoring Old Orchards in California By Charles H. Shinn, North Fork, California EARLY everything which is writ- ten about California describes districts whose climate and resources are similar to those of Southern France and Italy. This article, however, has to do with the problems of living in the Californian Sierras, at an elevation of three thousand feet above the sea, and close to snow peaks. More spe- cifically it deals with the restoring of an old orchard. The soil is granite; the slopes are steep and brush covered. It is far from all but the local market. Many fruits are out of the question, for some snow falls every winter, and frosts are both late and early. People came into this region long ago, when there was much placer min- ing along the foothill creeks; they took up land claims, built cabins and often planted small orchards. In many cases they moved away when the mines gave out. So it happens that we have at the present time in a land of very attractive mountains and _ foothills lying east of such prosperous towns as Fresno, Madera and Merced some hundreds of practically abandoned old farms waiting for men with knowl- edge, energy and a little capital to pick up and put into shape again. The par- ticular “abandoned orchard” of which I write was on a farm of a hundred and sixty acres, which, with the build- ings, fences and a good deal of clear- ing, was bought for three hundred dol- lars. One of the assets was the “the orchard,” once a very good one, but now overgrown, broken down and seemingly worthless. “Root it out at once,” said the neighbors. Three old pear trees, several plum trees, half a dozen peach trees and some sixty apple trees. That was the total, and they looked about hopeless, even to an old nurseryman. The pear trees were badly blighted. They were Bartletts, and that fine variety has “gone back” on the grow- ers in many parts of California. I made a solution of sulphuric acid, one part acid to ten of water, and dipped my pruning tools in it. Then I went all over the trees and cut out all the blight and ‘“die-back,’ pruning with extreme care and very closely. Then I took a cloth and treated every cut with the solution of acid. Then I burned all the prunings. That was eight years ago, and the pears have borne large crops every year since without a sign of blight. The peach trees were large, had not been pruned for years and seemed worthless. No side branches, no limbs or _ sprouts near the ground and the tops half dead. The only thing to do in this case was to cut them off waist high and trust Page 71 to the outstarting of dormant branch buds. Reduced to stubs like these, the judicious neighbors remarked that it would have been easier to dig them up at once. Of course, all the cuts were painted. The trees lived up to what was expected of them, made new heads and in a couple of years began to bear in good style. The plum trees only needed a drastic pruning to take a new start. The late spring frosts generally catch the Japanese plums. The prunes get through in safety. The apple trees were the main problem of the orchard. They were old-fashioned sorts, mainly Kentucky Red Streaks, Winesaps and the larger crabs. Large areas of the tops were dead; some trees were badly gophered; many had holes or rotten places in their trunks. Some showed “die-back” and_ blight. All were broken down by cattle. They were large old trees, and still contin- ued to yield some fruit. It took many long hours of hard work to put the apple trees in shape. The long tops were headed back by cutting off from one-half to three-fourths in length. They were thoroughly thinned out and opened up to light and air. Dead wood was taken out and the diseased spots doctored. Each tree formed a separate problem, and in each case a plan of pruning was thought out which would give it a new and accessible head of bearing wood in a few years. As a fact, however, the old apple orchard yielded quite a crop the very next season, and has continued to do better each year since. There are thousands of old, neg- lected apple and pear trees in all parts of the United States. I never see one that I do not wish that I could get hold of it and restore its usefulness. As CREST SPRAY AHeavy Miscible Oil for Orchards and Gardens An Effective EXTERMINATOR of all Insect Life, Germs and Vermin We Guarantee Results is the result of scientific and the best phyto- CREST SPRAY practical experiments by pathologists and chemists. DIFFERS FROM OTHER SPRAYS Crest Spray is a soluble or miscible oil and mixes readily with water. It remains in solu- tion, forming an emulsion. It is non-poisonous and harmless to operator. It requires no boil- ing or preparation like the Lime-Sulphur. Its use is a saving of time and money. Home- made Lime- Sulphar costs from 1% to 2 cents per gallon. Crest Spray costs from 1% to 3 cents per gallon. A gallon of Crest Spray has a covering power aimost twice as great as Lime- Sulphur, reducing the cost nearly one-half. Scientific, Effective, Convenient, Economical Barrels, 2 25 or 50 gallons, per gallon $1.25 Five-gallon cans, per gallon 2 é 1.35 One-gallon cans, per gallon : _ 7 1.50 Half-gallon cans, each . . : . i -90 Quart cans, each. 3 5 c é 3 -50 Pint cans, each . : : -30 Testimonials gant on paptcation Crest Chemical Co. 84 BELL STREET SEATTLE, U.S. A. Nn pasey ID) Page Wiz long as the roots are healthy an old tree can be restored and made to form a new top. I have no doubt that the asset of “the old orchard” is more often neglected when people buy farms than any other single item. Every old tree needs to be thoroughly cultivated and to have plenty of fertilizer applied. It may need root pruning, too, so as to induce the growth of new roots. In the case of my own orchard root prun- ing was not necessary because the granite soil was so open that the roots had gone deeply down, not spreading out on the surface. But in many cases the neglected roots need pruning as much as the neglected tops do. In that case plenty of moisture and the enrich- ing of the soil are necessary, so that the new young roots can have a better chance to start. “Keen a_ balance between the roots and the top,’ was the advice of the ancient nurseryman of my boyhood’s home valley. The roots’ growth is limited strictly by the roots of the other orchard trees, by the nature of the soil and by the crop. Head in the top, open it out all you like, but feed the roots if you want a big heavy bearing tree. Each year the pruning of this old orchard and the care of younger trees planted since becomes a greater pleas- ure, for one remembers a thousand little details about each tree and learns to prune accordingly. As each tree has a somewhat different slope, and recives air, light and moistrue in dif- ferent degrees, it appears to develop idiosyncrasies all its own. It is no longer merely a common every-day Kentucky Red Streak, but “that par- ticular old tree with the reddest apples” whose trunk has to be shaded from the afternoon sun with a piece of board, because my drastic surgery of eight years ago dug out a piece of dead wood four inches wide and four feet long over the scar of which the new wood is still growing toward a complete recovery. That White Win- ter Pearmain is not like the rest of them; its condition in the days that were compelled me to bore holes through its limbs in several directions, draw them together with a pulley, set the nuts on washers and screw them in tightly. The bark has covered them now; the tree is safe and sound again, having healed up the splits and breaks 9 which went nearly down to _ the ground. And isn’t all this a better way than to dig out such interesting old trees which belong to the period? I knew a California apple tree once whose history was like this: It was grafted from a tree which went from Illinois to pioneer Oregon planted in the dirt-filled box of a farm wagon and watered all the way across the plains. It was grown in the first Ore- gon nursery. It was bought when one vear old for five dollars, carried on a pack mule some three hundred miles and planted in 1853 on a “flat” by Trinity River, near the mining village of Douglass. The first apples it bore sold for half a dollar apiece. In 1876, pioneer BET eee inlet when I saw it, the great tree—a Rhode Island Greening—was bearing a crop of about half a ton of very large apples. Afterward a miner wanted to sluice off this flat, so he paid fifty dol- lars for the old tree and swept it out of existence—a fifty~year-old and famous pioneer apple tree. There are stray flakes of gold in the black sand along the creeks by our orchard, but the largest “placers” on earth would not persuade us to sell one of our old, but rejuvenated apple December trees. We restored them, gave them a new lease of life and made the hill- side orchard a thing of beauty and use. We hope that for a hundred years to come, and more, those old crabs and Winesaps, and all the rest of them will continue to flourish here. Editor Better Fruit: The writer has always kept a complete file of your magazines, and I assure you that we get a great deal of good information from them. Yours very truly, Schmidt Lithograph Co., E. Shelley Morgan, Manager. Non-Irrigated, Whole-Root Trees We have them. IS in good condition. Write us your wants. A Few Reliable Salesmen Wanted. We pay freight and guarantee arrival PACIFIC NURSERY COMPANY, 1205 Yeon Bidg., Portland, Oregon Hood River Valley Nursery Company Route No. 3, Box 227 HOOD RIVER, OREGON Phone 325X Will have for spring delivery a choice lot of one-year-old budded apple trees on three-year-old roots, the very best yearlings possible to grow. Standard varieties from best selected Hood River bearing trees— Spitzenbergs, Yellow Newtowns, Ortleys, Arkansas Blacks, Gravensteins, Baldwins and Jonathans. All trees guaranteed first-class and true to name. Start your orchards right with budded trees from our nursery, four miles southwest from Hood River Station. WILLIAM ENSCHEDE, Nurseryman H. S. BUTTERFIELD, President Fertilizers for the best results. The winter rains thoroughly disin- tegrate the fertilizer, producing a plentiful supply of humus for the next years crop. These fertilizers are food to the soil. things grow in abundance and to perfection. They make The slight cost of the fertilizer proves an investment without equal—bigger crops—better produce—highest prices. Beaver Brand Animal Fertilizers Will prove a revelation to you. Sow them this fall and compare next year’s crops with this year’s, acre for acre. You will discover that the money you put into these fertilizers will prove the most profitable investment you ever made. We have printed a 20 page booklet ex- plaining just why the soil needs these animal fertilizers and citing instances of the profits produced. The information this booklet con- tains is worth hundreds of dollars to any farmer. It is free for the asking. Send for it this minute while you have it in mind. Union Meat Co. Insure Bumper Crops Fertilize your soil for every crop. Fall is the time to sow Animal NORTH PORTLAND OREGON There’s BIG Money in Wood Gawinel Owners of the Reierson Wood Saw make $10 to $20 per day right along Our Own Manufactur Built to Built tomake short turns inalleys, etc. Will saw a cord of wood in seve i minutes A Practical, Durable, Efficient Machine, priced within your reach. Equipped with 6h. p., frost proof, water cooled, Waterloo “ Boy Gas Engine. Selby anti-friction roller steel saw table. Wide tired steel or wood wheels for rocky roads and jstone pavements. Heavy, machine rcurned fly wheels for arbor mounted so the engine fly wheels straddle the frame, thereby overcoming top heaviness. Positively the best wood saw made—stands every test. A great money maker. Write today for full description and prices. Ask for catalog W 6 182-6 Morrison Street Reierson Machinery Co. portiana, oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1911 BETTER FRUIT | MORE 75 Hood River Nurseries Appl e Grafts NURSERY STOCK Made to Your Order Newtown and Spitzenberg propagated from selected bearing trees. Make no istake, ight. e tess pee econ Ha85, orisad Ree Any Style or Length to Suit Purchaser (Clark Seedling) strawberry plants in Over Forty Years’ Experience ees 3 s ) } quantities to suit. Send for prices. RAWSON & STANTON, Hood River, Oregon Apple Seedlin Zs American or French Grown Nursery Stock of Straight or Branched Roots OT Well Matured, Good Grades Absolute Reliability Carefully Handled That’s the only kind to buy. Good trees bring success y A Y a/ip and poor trees failure. Fruit growers know this. They IL arge Gene? al Stoc k do not experiment. They buy non-irrigated, whole root, budded trees, and we number scores of them on our list ; ; of well pleased customers. We have prepared this season Write for Prices for an immense business. That means trees, trees, trees without limit as to variety and quantity. We also have e an immense stock of small fruits and ornamentals. We he henandoah urserles solicit your confidence, and will take care of the rest. : Catalogue on application. D. 8. LAKE, Proprietor Salem Nursery Company, salem, Oregon Shenandoah, lowa Reliable and live salesmen wanted. North C S d and Dock S me. bitterworth, Sacre SPECIALIST IN Western Box Apples, Pears and Deciduous Fruit EFFICIENT HANDLING OF ASSOCIATION ACCOUNTS Member National League of Commission Merchants of United States International Apple Shippers’ Association Reference, Everybody IF YOU WANT UP-TO-DATE SERVICE GET IN TOUCH WITH US IF YOU WANT THE BEST ORCHARD LAND IN OREGON I have what you want, whether it is five to forty acres for a HOME ORCHARD, or 4qoo acres for subdivision. I have land in the Hood River Valley or in the Mount Hood Valley adjoining Dufur. If you do not want to take possession at once, your land will be planted and cared for, in the best manner, for you for from three to five years, when it will come into bearing. For further particulars address, P. O. BOX 86, HOOD RIVER, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 74 BNO MSI IRIE December APPLE STORAGE—410,000 Box Apples Capacity Our Apple Department is constantly in touch with the market and we are therefore in a position to give storage customers best results INSURANCE RATE LOW EBNER ICE AND COLD STORAGE CO. Main Office, VINCENNES, INDIANA Plants at Vincennes, Indiana; Flora, Illinois; Seymour, Indiana; Washington, Indiana Rae & Hatfield 317 Washington Street, New York Largest Handlers of Pacific Coast Fruits in the East REPRESENTING THE FOREMOST WESTERN SHIPPING COMPANIES AND ASSOCIATIONS ON THE NEW YORK MARKET Operating in All Producing Sections RELIABLE EXPERIENCED PROMPT SIMONS, SHUTTLEWORTH & CO., Liverpool and Manchester SIMONS, JACOBS & CO., Glasgow GARCIA, JACOBS & CO., London J. H. LUTTEN & SON, Hamburg OMER DECUGIS ET FILS, Paris European Receivers of American Fruits FOR MARKET INFORMATION ADDRESS: Simons, Shuttleworth & French Co. Walter Webling John Brown Ira B. Solomon C. W. King D. L. Dick 204 Franklin Street, New York 46 Clinton Street, Boston Brighton,Ontario Canning, Nova Scotia Monteal, Quebec Portland, Maine OUR SPECIALTIES ARE APPLES AND PEARS Arcadia Irrigated Orchards The Largest Irrigated Orchard Project in the Northwest Arcadia is located twenty-two miles from Spokane. Our soil is rich and deep, entirely free from gravel, rock and alkali. Gravity irrigation, excellent transportation, ideal climate, no dust or sand storms. OUR PLAN: We plant, cultivate, irrigate, spray, prune and care for the orchard for four years. Water free. Real estate taxes paid for five years. Over 4,000 acres is now planted to winter apples. You may remain at your present occupation while your orchard is brought to bearing, or, if desired, move onto the land at once. TERMS: $125.00 first payment secures five acres; $250.00 first payment secures ten acres; balance monthly. Eight years in which to pay for your orchard. Write for literature. ARCADIA ORCHARDS COMPANY, Spokane, Washington WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII BETTER FRUIT Page 75 “NON-IRRIGATED” Finest Bearing Orchard in White Salmon District on Sale Twenty-eight acres Spitzenbergs, Newtowns and Jonathans! finely drained! health, shape and uniformity! railroad station on Columbia River, climatic and scenic conditions ideal. Front on main county road, rear on White Salmon River! 2% miles! Elevation 500 feet! I retain a 40-acre orchard, so you must be my neighbor! Slightly rolling; red shot soil, in perfect condition, Next year its sixth and seventh of growth, and good yield certain! No finer trees anywhere for To the “North Bank” Social, {1st National Bank, White Salmon, Washington EF’. McKE RCHER, Owner References { Butler Banking Company, Hood River, Oregon | “Better Fruit,’ Hood River, Oregon Department of Publicity of Governors’ Special By P. H. Doyle HOROUGHLY aroused at last, through the immigration reports of the Canadian government showing conclusively that the tide of immigra- tion that formerly helped to populate and build up our American West has been diverted and is flowing to the Canadian West in ever increasing numbers, the states of the American Northwest have at last decided upon concerted action looking toward check- ing this startling exodus from the Eastern States to the Dominion. With this end in view practically every Western and Northwestern State is participating, on a larger or smaller scale, in the many land shows that are being held in the East at this time. Through the medium of the excellent exhibits of the states’ resources, as ocular substantiation of the claims set forth in the literature and statistics distributed at these shows, the indi- vidual states hope to prove to the people of the East that the opportuni- ties presented to them in their own West are greater than those offered to the homeseekers who move to Canada. Immigration statistics show that the United States is losing its population at the rate of 200,000 persons each year, this being the number of home- seekers who are drawn from the crowded centers of population in the Eastern United States to Western dollar. instructive. Mailed free. which was sprayed with Ortho Zinc Arsenite. Canada by the glittering promises of marvelous harvests on cheap lands offered by the Canadian immigration agents. This is the state of affairs which has led to the holding of the numerous land shows. As a fitting climax to the advertising campaign inaugurated by the West, the North- western States and Colorado and Cali- fornia have united in what is said to be the most unique method of adver- tising their resources that has ever been conceived. The plan is the send- ing of a special train, bearing compre- hensive exhibits of each state partici- pating, on a tour of the principal cities of the East, at each of which stops will be made for the purpose of dis- playing the exhibits and telling of the progress of the West both from an agricultural and industrial standpoint. While this method of displaying the resources of the West is in itself new, the unique feature of the tour will be the fact that the governors of the vari- ous states will accompany the exhibits as the official representatives of the states. It is said that the present is the first time in the history of the United States that a congress of chief executives have banded for any similar purpose. The remarkable finesse of the movement from a publicity stand- point is seen in the presence of the governors, for while the visit of an Two Dollars for A Wormy Apple Mr. George W. Bird offers one dollar for a wormy apple found by any visitor in his orchard at Watsonville, The California Spray-Chemical Company likewise offers one Ortho Zinz Arsenite is the invention of Watsonville experts, and will control the codling moth to better satisfaction than any other spray material. We want to tell you more about this. California Spray-Chemical Company, Watsonville, California WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT We want you to read our literature. 240 Stark Street, PORTLAND, OREGON exhibit train to any particular city would create a certain amount of inter- est in the inhabitants thereof, the fact that such a coterie of celebrities lend their presence to the project adds a distinction that would not otherwise obtain, and assures for the tour the greatest possible amount of publicity. The fact that the gubernatorial party will be joined from time to time by the governors of the states in which the special train happens to be journeying at the moment, senators, congressmen, correspondents of various newspapers and others adds to the value of the plan from a publicity standpoint. After visiting twenty-one Eastern cities, the special will return to St. Paul, Minnesota, with its party aug- mented by the addition of the senators and members of congress of the vari- ous Northwestern States, where a con- ference, lasting three days, will be held to devise uniformity of action by the Northwestern States and their Rid Your Land of Gophers RATS, MOLES, SQUIRRELS. A 10-year old boy % a Userskillbun- & Ly dreds in one sea- & ’ gon with one trap. No gun, no poison, no bait. Absolutely safe! Made entirely of steel. Guaranteed. Your money back uf it’s not the best trap you ever saw or heard of. Send $1.50 for trial trap. AGENTS WANTED. EUREKA SALES Co, 273th St, North PORTLAND, ORF You will find it interesting and immigration departments in the mat- ter of offsetting Canadian emigration. That the United States government itself is cognizant of the efforts being made in this matter and desires to assist, seems assured from the fact that no less a personage than President Taft has added his semi-official indorse- ment to the tour of the governors by formally inviting the party to visit him while en tour. With the sole excep- tion of Governor Hiram W. Johnson of California, who, it is said, has called a special session of the legis- lature which will be in session at the time of the tour, each one of the chief executives of the ten states participat- ing will be on the special when it leaves St. Paul on the evening of November 27, on its memorable tour. Whether the hopes of its promoters and the good wishes of the Western people will bear fruit must be left to the near future, when a comparison of the immigration statistics will show whether the vast number of home- seekers will have been persuaded to develop their own country or an alien one. Seeds 188 Front Street BEDE eas Engine is mounted over Rear Bolster. Made to Turn in Short Spaces. Steel Truck Wagon. Hood River Grown Nursery Stock for Season 1911-12 Standard Varieties. Prices Right and Stock First Class C.D. THOMPSON, Hood River, Oregon THE KIND YOU CAN’T KEEP IN THE GROUND They grow, and are true to name Write for prices on your wants J. J. BUTZER Portland, Oregon Poultry Supplies, Spray, Spray Materials, Fruit Trees, Etc. The Reierson Sprayer SAVES aime, Temper, Trouble and TREES Rigid Foundation. REIERSON MACHINERY Go., December Won the blue ribbon, highest award, over all competitors at the Salem "State Fair in 1911. Equipped with 24 H. P. 4-cycle Waterloo Boy Gas Engine. Special latest triplex spray pump. Easy get- at-able to all parts. Lightest, Most Compact Guaranteed to Be the Best Built throughout of Special Machinery adapted for spray umps. Will stand up perfectly “under 250 pounds steady pressure. For small orchards we recommend ? our “Pippin” Duplex Power Sprayer— guaranteed to maintain a 225 pound pressure—at $150.00, Write for catalog S 4 182-4-6 Morrison Street PORTLAND, OREGON Almost the whole world knows of Hood River as a place that produces the best fruits, and all of Hood River Valley should know, and could know, that there is one place in Hood River, under the firm name of R. B. Bragg & Co., where the people can depend on getting most reliable dry goods, cloth- ing, shoes and groceries at the most reasonable prices that are possible. Try it. WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF Box Apples, Pears Prunes, Peaches Responsible—Reliable— Prompt 25,000 1-Year-Old Apple Trees for Sale _ Some Al Jonathans, Rome Beauties and other good varieties. They run from 4 to 5 feet high and from *%s to % inch caliper. Now is your chance to secure some good stock from a nurseryman of 20 years’ experience. Address ALBERT MATHIS, PAYETTE, IDAHO Correspondence solicited M.Fugazzi& Company 204 West Sixth Street CINCINNATI, OHIO FRUIT GROWERS, YOUR ATTENTION Royal Ann, Bing and Lambert cherry trees; Spitzenberg and Newtown apple trees; Bartlett, Anjou and Comice pears, and other varieties of fruit trees. A. HOLLADAY Buy and Try White River MONTE VISTA NURSERY SCAPPOOSE, OREGON MIDWEST RASPBERRY Large glossy black raspberry. Great producer. Send at once for cata- logue describing this great new berry and our extra heavy rooted true-to- hame fruit trees, grape vines, small fruit plants and ornamentals. Prices low and! quality high: The Peru Nursery, Box 401, Peru, Nebraska STANDARD LIME-SULPHUR HYDROMETER, PRICE $1.00 BY MAIL Complete with Test Jar and Instructions. Flour Apply for Agency ying a Fae 00 on Jong time and easy payments buys a ten-acre Apple a Fas hard tract in “The Beautiful Shenandoah Valley of Virginia.” Other farm and fruitlands $15.00 per acre andup. Write now for last issue “The Southern Homeseeker,’’ other interesting lit- erature and low excursion rates. Address, F. H. LaBaume, Ag’l Agt., Norfolk & Western Ry., Box 3047, Roanoke, Va. Makes Whiter, Lighter Bread CRG (ia Mok. 5% RA WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TQTI BEE ERR OL TREES We ean satisfy you both as to QUALITY and PRICE. Our trees have the highest possible developed ROOT SYSTEM and are TRUE TO NAME. Mr. PLANTER: Weare ready to serve you when you are ready to buy your Send for Catalog and Prices Yakima and Columbia River Nursery Co. NORTH YAKIMA, WASHINGTON Salesmen wanted Write for terms STORAGE Ship your Furniture to us to be stored until you are located OPEN FOR SETTLEMENT Orchard Lands, Irrigated No Cash Payment Required We need settlers—not their money. Irrigated orchard tracts in the famous Rogue River Val- ley, Southern Oregon; prairie land, ready for the plow; no timber, no rocks. Water now on the ground. Unequaled for productiveness and climate. This proposition, and financial stand- ing of company, indorsed by national banks, leading business men and financial agencies. Only irrigation company in the Northwest per- mitting settlers to make the land pay for itself. We also sell improved orchard tracts on small monthly, semi-annual and annual payments to those who are unable to make residence at the present time. Send for illustrated descriptive matter. ROGUELANDS INCORPORATED, 1018 Chamber of Commerce Building, Portland, Oregon, or Medford, Oregon. Transfer & Livery Co. Hood River, Oregon Get Catalog and Price List 420 acres devoted to nursery purposes THE WOODBURN NURSERIES Established 1863 by J. H. Settlemier GROWER OF CHOICE Nursery Steck F. W. SETTLEMIER, Woodburn, Ore. Nursery Catalog sans Describing Fruitand Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Roses, Berry Plants, ete. Free on request. Write now, mentioning this paper J.B. PILKINGTON, NurseryMan, PorTLAND, OREGON Deal Direct and Save Agents Commission We offer a full line of fruit trees grown on whole-root stock; also nut trees, small fruits, roses, etc. Our prices are sure to interest you. Catalog and price list on application P. S.—Enclose this ad Lafayette Nursery Co., Lafayette, Oregon Tht CHERRY CITY NURSERIES Claim their trees are the best, their prices right, and solicit your patronage for their fine line of IF YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT OREGON SUBSCRIBE FOR THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN The largest commercial magazine in the West Devoted to upbuilding Oregon and the Pacific Northwest SUBSCRIBE NOW, $1.50 PER YEAR ADDRESS THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BULLETIN Davin N. Mosessoun, Publisher Suite 616 Chamber of Commerce Building PORTLAND, OREGON Apple, Pear, Peach, Prune and Plum Trees and small fruits. Also ornamental trees and shrubs. Special attention given to roses. Send for catalogue and price list. J. H. LAUTERMAN, Salem, Oregon WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 77 Car Lots Broker and Distributor of Apples, Pears Peaches, Prunes Now distributing for the largest deciduous shippers of Northern Cal- ifornia, also agent for Chase & Co., packers, Florida. R. H. WYTHE 809 North Fourth Street ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI VEHICLES AND AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS THE BEST OF ORCHARD AND GARDEN TOOLS A SPECIALTY GILBERT IMPLEMENT CO. HOOD RIVER, OREGON CHICO NURSERY COMPANY GROWERS OF High Class Nursery Stock The best that good soil, care, skill and long experience can produce Write us for prices on Grape Vines, Cherries, Apples, Peaches, Pears, Nut Trees, Ornamental Shade Trees, Flowering Shrubs and Roses Peach Seed For Sale. CHICO NURSERY COMPANY, Chico, California Catalogue Free AUSTIN TEXAS FINKS BROKERAGE COMPAN We are brokers only, selling to exclusive jobbing trade through Central and Southern Texas. Our traveling men get results. Let us sell your apples for you. Your correspondence solicited. FINKS BROKERAGE COMPANY W. VAN DIEM Lange Franken Straat 45, 47, 49,51 and 61 ROTTERDAM, HOLLAND ‘European Receivers of American Fruits Eldest and First-Class House in This Branch Cable Address: W. Vandiem A BC Code used; 5th Edition Our Specialties are APPLES, PEARS AND NAVEL ORANGES WHOLE ROOT TREES Are the only kind to set. Now is the time to make arrangements for your next fall’s requirements. We have a large, full line, and ask that you correspond with us. CARLTON NURSERY CO. CARLTON, OREGON Page 78 BETTER FRUIT | December PROMPT SAFE RELIABLE LINCOLN, NEBRASKA J. GRAINGER & CO. ESTABLISHED 1887 WHOLESALE FRUIT MERCHANTS Extensive Dealers in Extra Fancy Washington and Oregon REFERENCES “Better Fruit’’ First National Bank, Lincoln, Nebraska Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Prunes Corn Exchange National Bank, Chicago, Illinois : Chatham & Phoenix National Bank, New York, N.Y. Managers of Associations will do well to correspond with us Members of the International Apple Shippers The Campbell System ASEOE Eee INSURES your crop against DROUTH. We use Revised Economy Code Our experience in 1910 and 1911 has THINGS WE ARE AGENTS FOR The F. J. Pomeroy Co. with less than eighteen inches of rain- Knox Hata fall. Those who followed the Camp- 84 DETROIT ST. Milwaukee, Wis. bell System in 1910 have a crop in 1911. Alfred Benjamin & Co.’s Clothing Branch at Medina, N. Y. DON’T TAKE ANY RISKS FOR 1912 Dr. Jaeger Underwear eeu pentane eet se Campbell's publications explain the : : Apples, Fruits, Potatoes SG Dr. Deimel Linen Mesh Underwear Campbell’s Soil Culture Manual . $2.50 Dent’s and Fownes’ Gloves Melons and Cabbage Campbell’s Scientific Farmer . . $1.00 Provisions and Grain Combination Price ..... . $3.00 Address CAR LOTS A SPECIALTY CAMPBELL SOIL CULTURE CO. Buffum & Pendleton We handle 200 carloads of Apples and Lincoln, Nebraska 311 Morrison Street better per Season When you write ask about the Camp- Portland, Oregon bell Correspondence School. J. H. Bahrenburg, Bro. & Co. 103-105 Murray Street New York City, N. Y. WE ARE PREPARED TO HANDLE YOUR SHIPMENTS OF APPLES in Foreign or Domestic Markets Our representatives in foreign markets are merchants with whom we have been associated in the apple business for a great many years, and whose ability we have learned to know. We are also prepared to offer you THE BEST STORAGE PAGIEIMIES LOBE EAD in New York State as well as in New York City For any further particulars, write the above address. ae=r=<= The Ideal System of Irrigation Saves power and money; utilizes the power; converts power into results; high heads without staging; deep wells, pits and mines. Mechanical per- fection; simple; easily installed; free from wear; faithful and dependable machine. Made in many sizes, 25 gallons per minute to 10,000 gallons 4 per minute. Address Patented June 2, 1903 e . Bey ha ee Ideal Irrigation Rotary Pump Company Absolutely HENRY BUILDING SEATTLE, WASHINGTON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII Founded 1839 BEE Roe Ria Capital, $150,000.00, paid in Page 79 Incorporated 1904 JOHN NIX & COMPAN 281 Washington Street, NEW YORK CITY WESTERN OFFICE, 220 No. State Street, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Pacific Coast Fruits and Vegetables One Block from Erie R. R. Depot Our Store Centrally Located. Frost Fighting Studies in the Rogue River Valley By C. I. Lewis and F. R. Brown, Oregon Agricultural College Experiment Station, Corvallis (Continued from last issue) A Test with 100 Troutman Heaters Per Acre, April 20.—A test was made in this block April 20 with 100 heaters per acre, or a total of 195 heaters. The outside temperature at 4 o’clock was 29 degrees. A light drift of about two miles per hour came from the south. The heaters were lighted at 4 o’clock, and beginning at 4:15 readings were taken every fifteen minutes, with six thermometers on the inside of the heated area and three on the outside. The outside thermometers were placed 200 feet from the edge of the heated area. This block of trees was such that if was possible to arrange the heaters in a square 294 feet each way, and having a strip on the south and one on the north which were not heated. At 4:45 the drift almost entirely ceased and a very dense smudge formed. At this time the out- side temperature also rose slightly. Observations were taken May 10, and it was noticed that the farther the trees were from the heated area the more damage was done by frost. At 5 o’clock a cold drift set in from the southeast, varying from _ southeast, south to southwest. The sun rose at 5:40. At a few minutes past 6 smudge from the Bear Creek Orchards, which were located about three-quarters of a mile to the southeast, reached the plot, but just before it reached the orchard the temperature of the outside ther- mometer dropped one degree and remained there until the smudge had reached us, when it again rose to its former position. This was seemingly due to a bank of cold air which imme- diately preceded the smudge. The fol- lowing chart will give the tempera- tures maintained during that period: Inside Temyp.. AiGapygas oth Beh BYE ety Gy! 6p) Bil By Wer oo ett @by Bt! ay, BS) 62 ep. 26} Tema bo avt- Gay By! 6¥ly Bylo 6s) 9 BBS Gb) Temp... 35 34 34 34 32 33 34 32 REMI... OA: B38} BY il BY ri weil Average. 33.5 34 33.7 BBD BPA BPA) BYE) BRYA Tem 29.5 29.5 30 29 28.5 29 29 30 Average. 29.1 29.1 29.6 29 28.2 28.3 28.5 29.3 Increase. 4.4 4.9 41 4.2 4.5 3:9 :3.7 2.9 Highest increase, 4.9; average increase, 4.1. lowest increase, 2.9; Maximum Burning Time of the Troutman Heaters Filled to the Capac- ity, Which Is Five Quarts of Oil.—The oil used for this burning was a 20- degree “slop” distillate. Three hun- dred and three heaters were lighted at 2 a.m. The outside temperature at this time was 34 degrees. The arrange- ment of heaters in the plot was 21x31 feet. During this night there was no danger of frost, but as the season was getting late and no maximum test had been carried out for this heater, it was thought best to carry it out regardless of the temperatures. It was noticed that the coldest time of this morning occurred shortly after 2 a.m. The fol- lowing chart will show the tempera- tures maintained during the burning period with 100 heaters per acre: Inside 2:30 3:00 4:00 5:00 Temperature ........ 36 49 48 48 Temperature ........ 36 48.5 47 46 Temperature ........ 36 48.5 47 47 Temperature ........ 36 49 47 47 emp erature) err) eel 49 48 48 Temperature ........ 37 49 48 47 Temperature ........ 38 49 48 49 Temperature ........ 48.5 48 47 INVES Seb bcbebacene 36.7 48.7 47.6 48.6 Outside Temperature ........ 34 44 44 44 Temperature ........ 34 45 45 44.5 Temperature ........ 34 45 44 44 Temperature ........ 34 44 44.5 44 INCRE: po odcon'o.dao0 34 44.5 44.4 44.1 INNGRERS Socecoosodss Peal 4.2 3.2 4.5 Highest increase, 4.5; lowest, 2.1; average, 3.6. At 6 a. m. 9 heaters were out; at 6:30 a. m. 34 heaters were out; at 7 a. m. 71 heaters were out; at 7:30 a. m. 190 heaters were out; at 8 a. m. 276 heaters were out; by 8:30 a. m. all had burned out. Average burning time, 51% hours. Outside temperature had raised to 44 degrees. After 5 o’clock the outside tempera- tures had raised so high that it was not thought of value: to continue register- ing temperatures. In all of the pots, after they had gone out, there remained from one to four inches of heavy residue which would not burn, and when cool was very hard. This was partially due to the fact that on two previous occasions the heaters had been extinguished with about one quart of oil left in the bottom and refilled without emptying. Probably each time the lighter oils had burned away and the residue mentioned above was an accumulated residue rather than the product left from one burn- ing. The average increase of tempera- ture with the heaters arranged 17x25 feet was 3.6 degrees for a period of three hours, and with the same heat- ers in the same block arranged 21x21 feet an average increase of 4.3 degrees was obtained. Maximum Burning Time for the Bolton Heaters Without the Carbon Arrester.—One hundred heaters filled to their capacity of one gallon were lighted at 2 a. m. April 26. These had also been rearranged, so they were placed 21x21 feet apart. As there was no danger of frost during the night temperatures were taken once every hour. The following chart will show the temperatures maintained during the burning time: Inside 2:30 3:00 4:00 5:00 Temperature ........ 36 47 48 48 Temperature ........ 37 19 48 18.5 Temperature ........ 36 47 47 48 INOEED Spoo cus bn dob 36.2 47.5 47.5 48.1 Outside Temperature ........ 34 44 44 44 Temperature ........ 34 44 45 44.5 Temperature ........ 34 45 44 44 LMIGENIS. “on daaocsaoc00 34.1 44.5 44.3 44.1 IM CreaS Cae sers-e-psteiiierer 2.1 3 3.2 4 Highest increase, 4 degrees; lowest, 2.1; aver- age, 3.1. Average burning time, 4% hours. At 5 a. m. 3 heaters had gone out; at 5:30 a. m. 21 heaters had gone out; at 6 a. m. 46 heaters had gone out; at 6:30 a.m. 91 heaters had gone out; at 7 a. m. 99 heaters had gone out. NOTICE Owing to the fact that the Eastern Land Shows and Governors’ special train will draw a number of our representative fruit growers out of the state during the month of December, the executive board of the Washington State Horticultural Association has postponed the next annual meeting at Clarkston to January 4, 5 and 6, 1912. Will you kindly notify all whom you think may be interested? L. M. BROWN, Secretary. Walla Walla, Washington, October 3, 1911. A Reputation to Sustain Vineland Nurseries Company Clarkston, Washington PROPAGATORS OF Reliable Nursery Stock All stock budded from bearing trees, fruit and ornamental WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 80 This test was carried on at the same time and under the same conditions as the Troutman iest. At 6:30, when 91 of the heaters were out, a count was made of those which had burned clean. 82 of the 91 heaters had burned clean, leaving nothing but a heavy coat of soot around the upper part of the sides of the heaters. Of the nine that con- tained a residue four had only a quar- ter of an inch in depth, part of which was soot which had been scraped down before. Two contained one inch of heavy residue and the other three not more than two inches of heavy residue. Of these three, two, when relighted, burned clean. The other, however, contained some water and would burn no more. Maximum Test of the Troutman Heater with a Measured Gallon of “Slop” Distillate—This was carried on April 26, at the same time of the other two maximum burning time tests. In this block, however, temperatures were taken every fifteen minutes until 5:45. This test was carried on in the block of Red Cheek Pippins with the heaters arranged in the square 21x21 feet. 195 heaters were lighted at 2:35, and the - following charts will show the tem- peratures maintained and the length of burning time: Inside 3:15 3:30 3:45 4:00 4:20 4:50 5:20 5:45 Temp... 47 47 48 48 48 48 48 Temp... 47 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 Temp... 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 Temp... 48 48 49 49 49 48 48 48 Temp... 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 Temp... 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 Average. 47.3 47.5 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.7 47.7 47.7 Outside Temp. 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 Temp. 44 45 44 45 45 44.5 44 44 Temp 44 44 44 44.5 44.5 44 44 44 Temp 44 44.3 44 44.5 44.5 44.2 44 44 Average. 44 44.3 44 44.5 44.5 44.2 44 44 NORERGS “S444 43 BER} 3b3} 8h) BZ) Bh7/) _857/ Highest increase, 3.8 degrees; lowest, ~BeD degrees; average, 3.5 degrees. At 6 a. m. 9 pots were out; at 6:30 a. m. 67 pots were out; at 7 a. m. 156 pots were out; at 7:30 a. m. 166 pots were out; at 8 a. m. 195 pots were out. Average burning time, 444 hours. A Test with the Troutman Heaters with the Covers Inverted, Acting as a Carbon Arrester, April 29.—This test was carried out in a block of Red Cheeks with 193 heaters lighted. The arrangement was the same as in pre- vious tests. The test was made on the morning of April 29. This was the coldest morning throughout the valley which was experienced during the season, the temperature in many places going as low as 22 degrees. However, in the orchard where the test was car- ried out 26 degrees was the lowest temperature recorded. The heaters were lighted at 3:30 a. m., when the outside temperature was 29 degrees and the mercury falling. The first reading was taken at 4 o’clock, when the outside temperature was 28 degrees. The following chart will show the tem- peratures maintained from 4 o’clock until 5:30. After 5:30 the temperature outside rose steadily until 6 o’clock, but no reading was taken, as the heat- ers were put out. Between 5 and 5:30 the inside temperatures began to drop, so that the covers were entirely removed and the heaters allowed to burn free. This was necessary largely because of the large amount of soot which collected on the covers. The BETTER FRUIT Announcement Northern Pacific Ry. VERY DAY in the year, there starts east from Portland and Puget Sound, a through train for Chicago via Spokane, the Northern Pacific and Burlington Lines. It arrives at Union Station, Chicago, 12:00 o’clock noon, the third day, making the trip on a 72-hour schedule. @ Standard drawing room and leather upholstered tourist sleeping cars, coaches and dining cars provide electric-lighted accommodations of highest character. This train stops at the important cities of Spokane, Missoula, Helena, Billings, Forsyth, Miles City, Terry, Glendive, Mandan, Bismarck, Jamestown, Fargo, Minneapolis and Saint Paul, besides other important intermediate points. Immediate connection is afforded to Butte and also to Duluth and Superior. @_ At Minneapolis, Saint Paul and Chicago, convenient con- nection is made with other lines for important points east and south. @ The equipment is thoroughly modern, the dining car service is of such excellence as to have gained a country-wide repu- tation, and punctuality is a feature of the service toward which every effort is exerted. q@.From this train the passenger sees the beautiful Columbia River, the Rocky Mountains and the fertile farming lands of North Dakota by daylight. The forenoon before arrival at Chicago gives the traveler, also, an entrancing view of the beautiful rolling prairie farm lands of Illinois. @ This service is strongly recommended to the traveler going East—it will be found of Northern Pacific high standard. @_You are earnestly invited to call on any Passenger repre- sentative of the Company, or write for information as to fares and train schedules and to have sleeping car reservations made. A. D. CHARLTON Assistant General Passenger Agent PORTLAND December amount of oil consumed during this Average ............27.7 28.7 26.7 26.5 5 se cad Pte d inal Average increase..... D7 4.2 5.7 3.3 urning period oO wo and one-nha Average for entire period, 4.2 degrees; aver- hours was 135 gallons and one quart, or an average of 2.8 quarts per heater. A very gentle drift from the south was noticed during this entire test. The temperature during the next day was quite high until about noon, when it became cloudy and a cool breeze began blowing. Inside Temperature 4:30 5:00 5:30 co000000 31 32 32 30 Temperature -......- 32 34 32 29.5 Memperaturne eee ole 33 31.5 29.5 Temperature ........ 31 33 32 30 SS cont do 32 34 36 31 Temperature 30.5 31 31 29 Temperature IMMUNO pagcsoesaano Billo BPA) Bath Bf Outside Temperature ........ 28 28:5 2 27 Temperature n ores ei! 28 26.5 26 age with arresters, 4.5 degrees. The morning of May 6, when a frost had been predicted, a test was made in the Burrell orchard with the Bolton orchard heaters, burning a 14-degree fuel oil. The trees were 24 feet apart and eight or nine years of age. Nine thermometers were used in the heated area and three on the outside. About 2.3 acres of young Bartletts, with 47 heaters per acre, were used. These were lighted at 3:45, with the outside temperature at 32 degrees. Readings were taken every half hour until 5 o’clock, when they were taken every IQII BETTER FRUIT ALFRED W. OTIS 81 Beach Street NEW YORK, N. Y. Apples for American and Foreign Markets Thomas Russell, Glasgow, Scotland Ph. Astheimier & Son, Hamburg, Germany SHIPMENTS FORWARDED FROM BOSTON OR NEW YORK Market quotations and full particulars on application fifteen minutes. At 5:45 the tempera- tures had risen so much on the outside and the sun was shining upon some of the thermometers, so that no attempt was made to take a reading. A few of the heaters burned out within an hour and a half, due to the fact that eight previous firings had been made with no attempt to clean out the residue. In two heaters which were examined fully a half gallon of thick deposit was found, and in many of the other heat- ers which went out shortly after 6 o’clock almost as much residue was left. A steady wind was blowing from the south at about three miles per hour, making it quite difficult to form a heavy smudge. However, by 4:30 the north half of the block was sheltered by a very dense smudge. AGENTS FOR Inside 4:00 4:30 5:15 Temperature... 32 34 Temperature.. 32 34 33 33 33 Temperature... 32 36 36 34 34 Temperature... 35 34 35 34 34 5:00 34 Temperature... 34 34 35 34 34.5 Temperature... 34 34 34 34 34 Temperature.. 34 34 34 34 33.5 Temperature... 34 34 34 34 34 Temperature.. 34 33 34 33 33.5 IMVOEVS® onbooe cous ail a¥bRy Biba Gaku7/ Outside Temperature.. 32 32 32 31 32 Temperature... 33 32 32 31 33 Temperature.. 33 32 32 3 32.5 INJORNES so c00 32.6 32 32 31 BY) Increase...... 8 2.1 2.3 2.7 2.2 Average increase, 2.02 degrees. The results of the work this season are very gratifying, for after one of the most trying seasons in the history of the valley there still remains a fair crop of fruit. In the orchards where the test was carried out a good crop was saved in the apples and pears, and MODERN COLD STORAGE with every facility for handling and storing Apples, Fruit, Produce at any temperature desired. Finest market and distributing point in the Northwest Write for terms De Soto Creamery and Produce Co. Cold Storage Department Write for Memo Loose Leaf Book. APPLES DE TOMSiE ms) © BUSINESS With COYNE BROTHERS Mention ‘‘Better Fruit’’ MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA Woodall & Co., Liverpool, England M. Isaacs & Sons, Ltd., London, England Page 81 92 Commercial Street BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS Correspondence invited with the exception of the d’Anjous no injury occurred. The d’Anjou pears were located between the other varie- ties, and a portion of each variety was used in each block. There was also a strip across the end of each variety which was not in the heated area. There was considerable ringing and russeting in the d’Anjous, but practi- cally none on the other varieties. This injury occurred both where the heaters were used and where they were not, and from all indications it would seem that it was the effect of a late frost, and occurred on a night when no heat- ing was done. The fact that the d’Anjous were the only ones injured would indicate that under the condi- tions experienced this season the d’An- jous are more susceptible to frost injury than the other varieties. This also indicates that the danger point for frost injury has not as yet been defi- nitely worked out. Observations Taken in the Different Orchards Throughout the Valley and Experiences of Some of the Growers with Wood Fires.—Mr. Allen, of the Hollywood orchard, during the past three years has practiced smudging, but previous to this year, 1911, has used nothing but manure smudges. In 1909-1910 he saved his entire crop without using wood. In 1911, when the cold period of April 12 and 13 came, he decided that the temperature would be too low to be safe with only manure smudges, as the ground was very cold. He then placed wood in Associations, Independent and Individual Shippers We desire to get in touch with you for the purpose of arranging to handle your apples. To that end we ask you to please write us at once, giving estimate of what APPLE SPECIALISTS WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT your crop will consist of and the varieties of apples you will have. 119 W. South Water Street, CHICAGO Page &2 The largest dealers in and distributors of Box Apples on the Pacific Coast Let us know what you have to dispose of. Inquire about us of any bank, mercantile agency, Produce Reporter Company, or the manager of your Get in touch with us. his orchard at 60 feet apart where the trees were 30 feet apart. On his fifty acres he used nine cords of wood to make the first fires. The first three nights he had used approximately five cords of wood. His trees being small, he found that he was unable to save the entire crop in that way. In fact around the outer edge and across one end of his orchard the fruit was almost entirely killed, and throughout the entire block a great many blossoms were injured. However, on a large per cent of the heated area enough fruit was saved to make a fair crop. The lowest temperature which he noticed inside the heated area was 26 degrees. On the morning of April 13, at 4:30 o’clock the temperature reached 29 degrees, and at 5 o’clock had reached HEADQUARTERS FOR CENTURY SPRAY PUMPS Hose, Nozzles, First-Class Plumbing Supplies C.F. SUMNER Successor to Norton & Smith HOOD RIVER, OREGON WITTEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT BETTER FRUIT A.LEVY & J. ZENTNER CO. NORTHWEST CORNER OF DAVIS AND WASHINGTON STREETS SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA association LET US HEAR FROM YOU S. SEGARI & COMPAN Next door to the auction room, will be our headquarters for California deciduous fruits and box apples. Remember, we keep experienced salesmen at the Illinois Central Railroad fruit and produce sheds, also at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad watermelon and produce sheds. Apples, Pears, Cantaloupes, Peaches WRITE OR WIRE WHAT YOU HAVE 27 degrees. On the morning of April 14, at 2:15, the temperature had reached 26 degrees, and on the morning of April 15, at 5 o’clock, the temperature reached 26 degrees. Mr. Allen uses a Cederborg alarm, which he finds to be reliable. The arrangement of the alarm he has changed somewhat from the original plan. He uses two sets of batteries, one for the current through the thermometer and the other for the bell. He has two points on his ther- mometer, one at 33 degrees, which rings first, at which time he notes the hour and returns to bed. The second point is at 31 degrees, and when the temperature reaches this point and rings the alarm he notes the time required for the temperature to drop the two degrees and estimates at that rate how long it will be before the danger period is reached and before it will be necessary to fire. The advan- tages and disadvantages of the Ceder- borg alarm will be taken up in another place, so nothing more need be said here. Mr. Allen found it necessary to use fifteen to eighteen men in handling wood fires on fifty acres. His wood cost him $6.25 per cord, but could have been obtained at $5.25 earlier in the season. He practices firing when the temperature reaches 30 degrees. The Midvale Orchard.—This orchard consists principally of young trees. However, there was a block of about an acre and a half of eighteen-year-old trees—Bartletts and Winter Nelis. Mr. Norris places his fires 50 feet apart Best modern cold storage facilities December No. 109 Poydras Street New Orleans, Louisiana We are now ready to handle and alternates them so he gets a very even distribution of the fires through- out his block. He had in this block thirty fires, using old rails and a pile of manure for each fire, which he added late in the morning, just before the sun rose, to obtain a smudge. He states that while having only thirty fires to look after he found that it was too much work for one man to do and be sure of saving his crop. On the morning of April 14, when the tem- perature dropped to 26 degrees, he was unable to keep his fires going well enough to be sure he was saving his entire crop. However, enough of his bloom remained so that he will have a good crop of pears, with the excep- tion of a few Comice and Bartletts on the outer edge. Stranahan & Clark DEALERS IN Commercial Fertilizers Land Plaster Lime Plaster Paris Cement Building Plasters HOOD RIVER, OREGON WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT IQII Orchard.—The Hous- The Buckeye ton Brothers, of the Buckeye Orchard, were successful in saving their crop of Bartletts of about three acres, where during the previous seasons no frosts were experienced. The danger during the present season, however, was so evident that they made preparations fo protect their crop. Their orchard is in a long, narrow strip, and very difficult to heat. However, with the IRRIGATE YOUR ORCHARD or fruit patch without expense or bother of pumping. Use an automatic RIFE RAM Costs little to install—nothing to operate. Raises water 30 feet for every foot of fall. Land lying above canal or stream supplied with water. Pumps automatically day and night, winter and summer. Fully guaranteed. If there is a stream, pond or spring within a mile write for plans, book and trial offer, free. RIFE ENGINE CO. 2525 Trinity Building New York For Several Years BETTER FRUIT IDEAL NURSERY STOCK We have all of the Standard Varieties for the Northwest and Invite Inspection of what we have to offer. Our scions are selected with care from Hood River orchards. Our stock is grown in Hood River Reasonable Prices and Special Inducements to Large Planters. We also have a very fine block of Clark Seedling Strawberry Plants to offer. Also small fruits for the home garden. IF INTERESTED WRITE FOR PRICES AND CATALOGUE TO IDEAL FRUIT AND NURSERY CO., Hood River, Oregon fires 40 feet apart where the trees are 24 feet apart they were able to pro- tect the fruit entirely. The coldest temperature which they noted during the season was 26 degrees, occurring on the morning of April 15. The cost of firing was as follows: Distributing material, two men and a team one day, $7; one man on duty lighting, $2.50; two extra men to light fires, two and one-half hours, $2. The fence rails and manure which were used cost nothing. Figuring three acres in the block, the cost of the first firing aver- aged $3.83 per acre. The second firing was less, due to the fact that most of the material used in the second firing was left from the material placed for the first firing. It required one man one-half day to pile the material, so that the cost of firing the second time averaged $2.33 per acre, not counting the cost of fuel. . : i that will give years of satis- factory service; ed to your pur- pose; 3,and at a reason- able price. Our prices better fence. Kitselman Fence Lasts for Years. 100 styles and heights. Catalogue FREE. KITSELMAN BROS. Box 67 Muncie, Ind. thingsin a wire ere 2, the style and s 112 CTS. A ROD UP fence: 1,a fence =4 height best suit- Save the DEALERS PROFIT and get a TOIL BETTER FRUIT Page 91 ized iron and wood are used. The 6 @ a _— — “ latter are of little value. Cement tanks 5 are best for large amounts of oil and yf : Meas : YY. YG , for use where they can be placed on Vi SE ~ PO i / eile 9 4 Was lin Mh 5 Galvanized iron tanks are ca As the ground. ank ¥, a en Be good where small amounts of oil are ole Mee cael i rae ey or aus stored, and are especially valuable Land-or AY Lay ae ; where it is necessary to elevate the Pe papceas Shas Pole fee tank. (8) At 30 degrees outside tem- e s ‘ oe Sa Pk HES ESI perature no increase was obtained ? S B with 20 heaters per acre. With 39 Troutman heaters per acre an average increase of 1 degree was obtained. The same heaters gave an increase of 3% degrees with 100 heaters per acre, & RRIGATION You can’t grow big crops cn thirsty land. And 5 ‘ 0 you can’t afford to arr: 7 by 2 2@ grees depend on rainfall for your water supply. Be independent of all outside Ei ad gaat a conditions. Have your own irrigating system and insure your profits. when arranged 21 by 21 feet. The Bol- 5 es ton heater with the carbon arrester | H C Gasoline Engines Bae average of 1.3 meptess Le are in use on thousands of farms, pumping water from st i ; aie coe Sena ser Sener es and wells. They work steadily, ana Soicmicaly Mesos Lae: ve ie feel and aE que toy ak Simpie, durable, and dependable. They quickly pay for themselves and SANE (ONG AMET AB CaO ty 2 U CEE CES AON satin ne continue to pay big profits month after month and year after year. Troutman heaters gave an average a IHC Engines also do all burning © time of five and one-half : other kinds of farm work, hours with five quarts of oil and four Situ P apg JY) : such as operating your feed and one-half hours with four quarts hy —— as af grinder, clover huller, fodder of oil. There was some trouLle with cutter, thresher, saw and a residue with these heaters. The oer Sed machines bet- Bolton heaters averaged four and one- Se ne “Cocaine (eee Clay |) quarter hours with four quarts of oil other engine. The E : line jacledee a oe a without the carbon arrester and eight size for every need. hours with the attachment. One quart Vertical type—2, 3, 25, of 20 to 30-degree distillate will burn and 35-H.P.; horizontal— for one hour with these heaters under 1 to 50-H.P.; semi-portable most conditions. (10) The average Seria ENG =! to 8-H. P.; portable—] cost per acre for a four-hour period RAINFALL. B eae traction—12 to is $5.10 for oil, not counting the equip- Pipes Cab ey DOMIDINg ment, and for wood under the same spraying, grinding outfits, etc. Built to operate on gas, gasoline, kerosene, distillate, or alcohol—air-cooled or water-cooled. See the IHC condition the cost would be $5.40, as | local dealer, or, write nearest branch house today for our new catalogue. more labor is required. Oil is the best WESTERN, BRANCH HOUSES: Denver, Col; Helena, Mont.; Portland, fuel, as less help is required and an re.; Spokane, Wash.; Salt Lake City, Utah; San Francisco, Cal. j even temperature may be maintained INTERNATIONAL HA ERI : : 7 3 ty AG Chicago RVESTER COME AN Mot AMERICA § fk Oil should be handled by a gravity — . system so far as possible. (11) Under anes IH Sige wice puree : F ‘ the conditions experienced this season ureau 1S acenter where e best ways oO y = o ~ te AoinputhineS Ou the tacm= anatdata Platine co its WS there is absolutely no doubt but that development are collected and distributed free to Aili a crop can be saved by orchard heat- everyone interested in agriculture. Every available / j . A very 1 ae ] vas. fur pout ceouinicrme tion willbe Usedinianswerng, ques- i ing. A very good example was ee ions on all farm subjects. If the questions are sent ished by the block of apples where to the I H C Service Bureau, Chicago, they will re- WANS Beet were Star TR a crop ceive prompt attention. 2 and the farther away the trees were from the heated area the less fruit was fe saved. D’Anjou pears showed a slight 25%, 28, 26 and 31 degrees, respectively. bulb and graduated to 120 degrees is injury from a late frost, indicating (3) Two grades of oil were used—28- the best. The round bulb type is not that they were more susceptible to degrees, distillate and 20-degree “slop” sensitive enough. (5) Two types of injury than other varieties. Winter distillate. The cost of the latter was heaters were used—the Bolton orchard Nelis pears did not set a good crop, $6.25 per 100 gallons. The heavy fuel heater of the lard pail type with a put that is probably due to weather oil left an inch of residue for .each capacity of one gallon and the Trout- conditions and not the effect of frost firing. This would not burn, and if man heater with a center draft and or smudging. (12) The effect of the left in the heater decreased the burn- holding five quarts. These were both low temperatures in the Willamette ing time. Oils with a paraffine base made of light sheet iron and cost Yalley indicates that no arbitrary table are to be preferred to those having an about twenty cents each. (6) The local of temperatures for frost injury has asphalt base. (4) Bausch and Lomb branch of the United States Weather been worked out for all conditions. laboratory thermometers graduated to Bureau, the telephone companies and The temperature dropped below 29 300 degrees were used in this work. frost alarms are all used to warn the degrees on several nights and as low Two certified thermometers were used fruit growers when the temperature as 25 degrees at one time, and was to test these at 32 degrees. At least reaches the danger _ point. Some below 28 for more than two hours. A one thermometer per acre should be patent alarms are used, but cannot be fair crop of fruit is left. The early used and should be tested each season. depended upon entirely. (7) Storage varieties of strawberries were injured A thermometer with a long cylindrical tanks of three types, cement, galvan- the most. P R j L EF For the past four years the great state of Pennsylvania has made a special appropriation of from $30,000 to $40,000 annually to teach the fruit grower how to use Lime-Sulfur washes, and incidentally, to warn them against the use of “Scalecide,” in spite of é which the demand for “Scalecide” has increased from year to year and apples from trees sprayed with “Scalecide” for flve A PP LE S years took all the first prizes at the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society meeting in 1910; three silver cups, the Adams County sweepstakes and 20 first prizes at the meeting of the same society in 1911. Which pays best? Prize apples or cider apples? 0 R C | D ER “Scalecide” has no substitute. A postal request to Dept D. will bring you by return mail, free, our book, “Modern Methods of Harvesting, Grading and Packing Apples,’ and new booklet, “SCALECIDE, the Tree-Saver.” If your dealer cannot supply you with “SCALECIDE” we will deliver it to any R. R. Station in the United States east of the Mississippi and north of the Ohio AP PLES 9 Rivers on receipt. of the price; 50-gal. bbls., $25.00; 30-gal. bbls., $16.00; 10-gal. cans, $6.75; 5-gal. cans, $3.75. Address, 48 B.G. PRATT COMPANY, 50 Churz): Street New York City. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT mone DOMESTIC JNow $y AMONTH You can place the latest model, genuine Domes- tic, the ello rmizield queen of all sewing machines,in your home, B. use it continually while paying $2 a month, and en- joy a very special price f/ direct to you or from our nearest agency. A magnificent machine--a stupendous offer. We Will Take Your Old Machine ‘yu. liberal allowance on a splendid new Domestic. And you can still take ad- vantage of the special price and easy ermMs. DOMESTIC The perfect sewing machine that has always led all other makes and is today better than ever. Two machines fn one--lock stitch and chain stitch. Straight drop- head, high arm, ball bearing. A complete set of attachments~ every one practical, ete., made for every-day use. The Domesticis arevelation of modern sewing machine progress. Find out aboutit. SEND FOR BOOK, FREE, The Truth About Sewing Machines,’’ telling you how you can have the finest sewing mach- ine made at a Special Low Price and at ONLY $2a month. Learn why we sell direct where we haveno agent and give youa 25 YEAR GUARANTEE, Get the facts before you buy any machine- This Free Literature will save you money. Send for it . f Domestic Sewing Machine Co., 48 Jackson Blvd., Dept, 414 Chicage. x ‘ oe 4 J. M. SCHMELTZER, Secretary HOOD RIVER ABSTRACT COMPANY Hood River, Oregon ABSTRACTS INSURANCE CONVEYANCING BETTER FRUIT December CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT iT ; NoMieR THREE Foie ETTER FRUIT Dottar 4 Year GROWN’ PACKED (ad ByE H SHEPARD’ a 4 BETTER FRUIT PUBLISHING COMPANY HOOD RIVER. OREGON “Better Fruit” per year. ..$1.00 The Fruit Grower NORTHWEST GROWERS’ UNIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS E publish free in this column the name of any fruit growers’ organ- ization. Secretaries are requested to furnish particulars for publication. Oregon Eugene Fruit Growers’ Association, Eugene; Ashland Fruit and Produce Association, Ash- land; Hood River Fruit Growers’ Union, Hood River; Hood River Apple Growers’ Union, Hood River; Grand Ronde Valley Fruit Grow- ers’ Union, La Grande; Milton Fruit Growers’ Union, Milton; Douglas County Fruit Growers’ Association, Roseburg; Willamette Valley Prune Association, Salem; Mosier Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Mosier; The Dalles Fruit Growers’ Union, The Dalles; Salem _ Fruit Union, Salem; Albany Fruit Growers’ Union, Albany; Coos Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Marshfield; Estacada Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Estacada; Umpqua Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Roseburg; Hyland Fruit Growers of Yamhill County, Sheridan; Newburg Apple Growers’ Association, Newburg; Dufur Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Dufur; McMinnville Fruit Growers’ Association, McMinnville; Coquille Valley Fruit Growers’ Union, Myrtle Point; Stanfield Fruit Growers’ Association, Stanfield; Oregon City Fruit and Produce Association, Oregon City; Lincoln County Fruit Growers’ Union, Toledo; Rogue River Fruit and Produce Association, Medford; Mount Hood Fruit Growers’ Association, Sandy; Northeast Gaston Farmers’ Associa- tion, Forest Grove; Dallas Fruit Growers’ Association, Dallas; Northwest Fruit Ex- change, Portland; Springbrook Fruit Growers’ Union, Springbrook; Cove , Fruit Growers’ Association, Cove; Santiam Fruit Growers’ Association, Lebanon; Washington County Fruit Growers’ Association, Hillsboro; Benton County Fruit Growers’ Association, Corvallis; Suther- lin Fruit Growers’ Association, Sutherlin. Washington Kennewick Fruit Growers’ Association, Ken- newick; . Wenatchee Fruit Growers’ Union, Wenatchee; Puyallup and Sumner Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Puyallup; Vashon Island Fruit. Growers’ Association, Vashon; Mt. Ver- non Fruit Growers’ Association, Mt. Vernon; White Salmon Fruit Growers’ Union, White Salmon; Thurston County Fruit Growers’ Union, Tumwater; Bay Island Fruit Growers’ Association, Tacoma; Yakima Valley Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Granger; Buck- ley Fruit Growers’ Association, Buckley; Lewis River Fruit Growers’ Union, Woodland; Yakima County Horticultural Union, North Yakima; White River Valley Fruit and Berry Growers’ Association, Kent; Lake Chelan Fruit Growers’ Association, Chelan; Zillah Fruit Growers’ Association, Toppenish; Kiona Fruit Growers’ Union, Kiona; Mason County Fruit Growers’ Association, Shelton; Clarks- ton Fruit Growers’ Association, Clarkston; Walla Walla Fruit and Vegetable Union, Walla Walla; The Ridgefield Fruit Growers’ Association, Ridgefield; Felida Prune Grow- ers’ Association, Vancouver; Grandview Fruit Growers’ Association, Grandview; Yakima Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, North Yakima; Southwest Washington Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Chehalis; The Touchet Valley Fruit and Produce Union, Dayton; Lewis County Fruit Growers’ Association, Centralia; The Green Bluffs Fruit Growers’ Association, Mead; Garfield Fruit Growers’ Union, Garfield; Goldendale Fruit and Produce Association, Goldendale; Spokane Inland Fruit Growers’ Assocation, Keisling; Elma Fruit and Produce Association, Elma; Granger Fruit Growers’ Association, Granger; Cashmere Fruit Grow- ers’ Union, Cashmere; Stevens County Fruit Growers’ Union, Myers Falls; Dryden Fruit Growers’ Union, Dryden; White Salmon Val- ley Apple Growers’ Union, Underwood. Idaho Southern Idaho Fruit SPP peLss Association, Boise; New Plymouth Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, New Plymouth; Payette Valley Apple Growers’ Union, Payette; Parma-Roswell Fruit Growers’ Association, Parma; Weiser Fruit and Produce Growers’ Association, Weiser; Council Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Council; Nampa Fruit Growers’ Association, Nampa; Lewiston Orchard Producers’ Associa- tion, Lewiston; Boise Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Boise; Caldwell Fruit Growers’ Association, Caldwell; Emmett Fruit Growers’ Association, Emmett; Twin Falls Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Twin Falls; Weiser River Fruit Growers’ Association, Weiser; Fruit Growers’ Association, Moscow. Colorado San Juan Fruit and Produce Growers’ Asso- ciation, Durango; Fremont County Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Canon City; Rocky Ford Melon Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Plateau and Debeque Fruit, Honey and Produce Association, Debeque; The Producers’ Association, Debeque; Surface Creek Fruit Growers’ Association, Austin; Longmont Produce Exchange, Longmont; Manzanola Fruit Association, Manzanola; Delta County Fruit Growers’ Association, Delta; Boulder County Fruit Growers’ Association, Boulder; Fort Collins Beet Growers’ Association, Fort Collins; La Junta Melon and Produce Com- pany, La Junta; Rifte Fruit and Produce Asso- ciation, Rifle; North Fork Fruit Growers’ Association, Paonia; Fruita Fruit and Produce Association, Fruita; Grand Junction Fruit Growers’ Association, Clifton, Palisade, Grand Junction; Palisade Fruit Growers’ Association, Palisade; Peach Growers’ Association, Pali- sade; Colorado Fruit and Commercial Com- any, Grand Junction; Montrose Fruit and roduce Association, Montrose; Hotchkiss WHEN WRITITNG ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 1.00—total, $2.00 Will send them Both for, per year $1.50 Fruit Growers’ Association, Hotchkiss; Paonia Fruit Exchange, Paonia; Colorado Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Delta; Crawford Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Crawford; Amity Cantaloupe Growers’ Association, Amity; ent County Melon Growers’ Association, Las Animas; Capitol Hill Melon Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Denver Fruit and Vegetable Association, Denver; Fair Mount Melon Grow- ers’ Association, Swink; Fowler Melon Grow- ers’ Association, Fowler; Granada Melon Growers’ Association, Granada; Grand Valley Fruit and Produce Association, Grand Junc- tion; Independent Fruit Growers’ Association, Grand Junction; Kouns Party Cantaloupe Growers’ Association, Rocky Ford; Lamar Melon Growers’ Association, Lamar; Loveland Fruit Growers’ Association, Loveland; Manza- nola Orchard Association, Manzanola; New- dale Melon Growers’ Association, Swink; Roar- ing Fork Potato Growers’ Association, Carbon- dale; Woods Melon Growers’ Association, Las Animas. Montana Bitter Root Fruit Growers’ Association, Hamilton; Missoula Fruit and Produce Asso- ciation, Missoula. Utah Farmers and Fruit Growers’ Forwarding Association, Centerville; Ogden Fruit Growers’ Association, Ogden; Brigham City Fruit Grow- ers’ Association, Brigham City; Utah County Fruit & Produce Association, Provo; Willard Fruit Growers’ Association, Willard; Excelsior Fruit & Produce Association, Clearfield (Post- office Layton R. F. D.); Centerville Fruit Growers’ Association, Centerville; Bear River Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Bear River City; Springville Fruit Growers’ Association, Springville; Cache Valley Fruit Growers’ Association, Wellsville; Green River Fruit Growers’ Association, Green River. New Mexico San Juan Fruit and Produce Association, Farmington. British Columbia British Columbia Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Victoria; Victoria Fruit Growers’ Exchange, Victoria; Hammond Fruit Associa- tion, Ltd., Hammond; Hatzie Fruit Growers’ Association, Hatzic; Western Fruit Growers’ Association, Mission; Mission Fruit Growers’ Association, Mission; Salmon Arm Farmers’ Exchange, Salmon Arm; Armstrong Fruit Growers’ Association, Armstrong; Okanogan Fruit Union, Limited, Vernon; Kelowna Farmers’ Exchange, Limited, Kelowna; Sum- merland Fruit Growers’ Association, Summer- land; Kootenay Fruit Growers’ Union, Limited, Nelson; Grand Forks Fruit Growers’ Associa- tion, Grand Forks; Boswell-Kootenay Lake Union, Boswell; Queens Bay Fruit Growers’ Association, Queens Bay; Kaslo Horticultural Association, Kaslo; Creston Fruit and Produce Exchange, Creston. BETTER FRUIT We will ship you a “RANGER” BICYCLE on approval, freight prepaid to any place in the United States without a cent deposit in advance, and NO) allow ten days free trial from the day you receive it. If it does not suit you in Ss every way and is not all or more than we claim for it and a better bicycle than you can get Wa anywhere else regardless of price, or if for any reason whatever you do not wish to keep it, \ ship it back to us at our expense for freight and you will zo? de out one cent. ; LOW FACTORY PRICES We sell the highest grade bicycles direct from factory i to rider at lower prices than any other house. We iW Save you #10 to $25 middlemen’s profit on every bicycle. Highest grade models with AW Puncture-Proof tires, Imported Roller chains, pedals, etc., at prices no higher than cheap XI] mail order bicycles; also reliable medium grade models at unheard of low prices. in each town and district to ride and exhibit a sample H RIDER AGENTS WANTED 1or2 **Ranger’”’ Bicycle furnished by us. You will be Vy) (iy }astonished at the wonderfully low prices and the liberal propositions and special offer we will || give on the first r9r2. sample going to your town. Write at once for our special offer. }/ DO NOT BUY a bicycle or a pair of tires from avyone at any price until youreceive our catalogue }/ and learn our low prices and liberal terms. BICYCLE DEALERS, you can sell our bicycles under / your own name plate at double our prices. Orders filled the day received. SECOND HAND BICYCLES —a limited number taken in trade by our Chicago retail stores will f_be closed out at once, at $3 to $8 each. Descriptive bargain list mailed free. y rear wheels, inner tubes, lamps, cyclometers, parts, repairs IRES, C OASTER BRA KE and everything in the bicycle line at half usual prices. DO NOT WAIT but write today for our Large Catalogue beautifully illustrated and containing a great fund of {nteresting matter and useful information. It only costs a postal to get everything. Write it now. /WiEAD CYCLE CO. Dept.1345 CHICAGO, ILL. SO SIMPLE YOUR BOY CAN UNDERSTAND AND OPERATE IT A GOOD GASOLINE ENGINE IS A FARM NECESSITY NEARLY 3000 USERS HERE IN THE NORTHWEST SAY THE STOVER IS A GOOD ENGINE STOVER ENGINES are now made in Hopper Cooled Styles in sizes from 1 to 12 Horsepower Other styles 2 to 60 Horsepower Freedom from complicated parts to insure simplicity—Extra heavy con- struction to insure durability—Every effort possible made to insure an abso- lutely reliable Farm Engine —ECONOMICAL and EASY to OPERATE PORTLAND, OR. SPOKANE, WN, BOISE, IDA Sold and Guaranteed by Implements Vehicles Mitchell. Lewis & Staver Co. AD Portland, Oregon: Here is my name for your latest STOVER ENGINE CATALOGS. THE SLIP WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 93 66 : TRUE-TO-NAME’”’ Grafted & Seedling Walnuts, Grapevines We have the largest and finest assort- ment of all the finest French and English walnuts ever grown. Our grape vines are fine strong plants, well rooted, and in- clude the commercial table and shipping grapes, as well as raisin and wine. In addition to this we have the most complete line of fruit trees, ornamental stock and roses on the Pacific Coast. We make a study of what is suitable to plant in the interior valleys, the coast counties or the foothill regions. We have been growing nursery stock in California for over 28 years, and you will find that it pays to write us what your requirements are and secure our suggestions, as well as prices. There is a greater call for fruit trees of all descriptions this season than has been experienced in years:—therefore it is urgent that. orders be placed NOW CATALOGUE SENT FREE Write for our illustrated price catalogue, which contains brief descriptions of all our stock, including many new varieties, Burbank’s latest creations, ete. “California Horticulture” describes over 2,000 varieties of trees and plants, con- tains many valuable suggestions about planting, pruning, etc., profusely illus- trated, containing 120 pages, will be mailed on receipt of 25c in stamps. PAID UP CAPITAL $200,00022 _ANCHER REEK URSERIES: GEO.C.ROEDING:PRES,ANDMGR. Box 30 fresno, California RICHLAND NURSERY CO. ROOT INSURANCE Is the basis upon which we sell to our customers. Our trees and plants are selected strains with the perfect roots and tops so difficult to procure. WRITE FOR CATALOG 46 pages of instruction and information Every tree we ship to you. is guaranteed by us to be true to name and specially adapted to the Pacific Northwest. We sell every variety of Fruit and Orna- mental Trees, Berry Plants, Vines, Shrubs, Perennials, Roses, etc. For prompt shipment order from RICHLAND NURSERY CO., INC. RIGHLAND WASH BETTER FRUIT Page: 94 HERES a simple, : strong, low-priced \ light-draft riding harrow which covers more surface with less draft than any other cultivator made. It works right up to the trees and under lowest branches without harming fruit or leaves in the least. Forkner Light Draft Harrows for Orchards and Vineyards make it possible to thoroughly cultivate 20 to 30 acres per day with two horses. They lift and turn the soil and leave it in slight waves, thus exposing more surface to the chemical action of the sun and rain. They make a perfect dust-mulch, which conserves maximum amount of moisture. Write for Free Trial Offer—and Booklet. We will ship to responsible parties on 30 days’ riskless free trial. Free booklet, “Modern Orchard Tillage,” tells the whole story. LIGHT DRAFT HARROW CO. 901 E. Nevada St., Marshalltown, la. Faculty Stronger Than Ever Results Better Than Ever More Progressive Than Ever Attendance Larger Than Ever ATTEND THE BEST Business College PORTLAND, OREGON BUITE POTATO December COMPLETE ELECTRIC LIGHT OUTFITS 8, 15 and 30 Lamps. Combination Dynamo-Storage Battery Type for the electric lighting of ranches, coun- try homes, stables and factories. Make Your Own Electricity Pure White 16-Candle-Power Light With this system you generate elec- tric current by the means of a small gasoline engine driving a dynamo or generator at any convenient time. The current is run into a storage bat- tery so you can have light anytime by turning on a switch. Charging of the storage battery is done once or twice a week, or whenever the en- gine is being run for other work. No skilled electrician needed to install or runit. Automatic switchboard. Guaranteed. Inexpensive—first cost as well as upkeep. Very simple, perfectly safe, takes up very little room- Investigate this system. Send For Booklet A Reynolds Electric Co. Gas Engines, Motors, Genera- tors, Pumping Plants 522 First Ave. South Perfect Light and Reliable Service is Given by Our & PRODUCE CO. BUTTE, MONTANA Jobbers of All Farm and Orchard Products We have a large outlet for fruits and vegetables. We want to hear from shippers. A. J. KNIEVEL, President and Manager Sixteen years’ experience on the Butte market. LINDSAY & CO.LTD. Wholesale Fruits HELENA, MONTANA Established in Helena Quarter of a Century Branch houses: Great Falls, Mis- soula and Billings, Montana Facsimile of affidavit on file at Ballygreen. milar one on file for each variety Pedigreed. T is a decided “SBALRIGFES\ SYSTEM _ advantage £0 iu PEDIGREE TREES planters to secure Nursery. Stocket feces. se sae propagated from the finest prize winning treesin § the West. Qual- & UA ee Ea aieegny oe ity and Pedigree ¢ _ Apple Show 1909, Second Car Spokane Mationsl Apple certified under af- fidavit. The Ballygreen System UR trees have the well=bal= anced roots and tops that skilled horticulturists aim THIS IS TO CERTIPY that on thie 13 gay of December variety healthy scions: Fruit District Wenatchee Orchard Owned by 0. G.. France Age of Trees Nine. years old to secure. Coloring of Fruit Very mighly colored * Shape of Pruit Long shape Such trees pro- duce fruit of quality. First 10 box 4 tier Spokane Nations) _ Show 1910. IN WITNESS WHEREOP. a have hereunto set... 7 a hand aff seal this £04 305 of oe AUD, 19/7 ? We grow ex= te ee “= & clusively select WITNESS: S, = le aes Le DK oa 5 Ded Subscribed and sworn to before me this /Z | thy dent Perera y Q Trees of makes this possi- § See ae mae areal S|" Certified Pedigree. i =(F %). residing at ___________ __ __ Washington 6 ble. r SES) i sent on request. Write us. Ballygreen Nurseries, Wan Reliable agents wanted for uncovered territory. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT TOIL BETTER FRUIT $20 i:;; Earning Capacity day Will Pay for Itself in Less Than Three Weeks. Operated by One Man, Neat, Compact, Sim- ple, Strong, Light, Durable The 4 h. p. Waterloo Boy engine is a separ- ate unit. Can be re- Ask For CaTALoG C 5 Reierson Machinery Co. 'ticcn’ SOLE MANUFACTURERS WA Drag Saw Will saw 20 to 40 cords of \wood per day at a cost of $1. PULLS ITSELF up hiil or down. Costs 15 per cent less than other makes not as good. There’s more you ought to know. Our catalog con- tains complete description and ) prices: sent FREE with tes- timonials from enthusiastic users. Unvarnished, Cashable Facts About Poultry Profits If there ever was a straight-from-the-shoulder statement of facts, you’ll find it in JOEL M. FOSTER’S book ‘‘THE MILLION EGG FARM.” Mr. Foster owns the famous Rancocas Poultry Farm, and in his book he tells his methods for producing upward of eleven hundred thousand eggs a year, and piling up a clean annual profit of close to $20,000.00. We know that the statements in this book are cold facts—because we proved them before publishing “The Million Egg Farm” We have sold many thousand copies of this book, and we know, from the actual experiences of those who have read and followed it, that these facts can be profitably applied by you—whether you have a dozen hens on a back lot, or num- ber your fowls by the thousands. Up in Scranton, Pa., a clerk, Robert Liddle by name, read this book, followed its directions, and at last reports was cleaning up $17.00 a day profit on eggs. In the light of such experiences, we know that farmers need this book. That’s why we published it and are trying to put it into the hands of every poultry owner. To serve the farmer is the whole purpose of FARM JOURNAL. To serve him with sound advice regarding every branch of farm work. To enable him to profit by the labor-saving and money-making discoveries of other farmers. To serve the farmer’s wife with help- ful housekeeping suggestions. To serve the farmer and his entire family with clean, wholesome en- tertainment. Upward of four million readers welcome its monthly visits. You need this paper and you need the MILLION EGG FARM book, and you can have Farm Journal every month for four years and ‘‘The Million Egg Farm’’at once, postpaid, for only $1.06 Do yourself and family the favor of sending in the dollar to-day. FARM JOURNAL, 263 N. Clifton St., Philadelphia WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Lands in the Southeast, cost- ing from $15 to $50 anacre, net ink profits on apples ranging from me “2<{ $100 to $500 an acre. ( Ku) Abundant rainfall and special soils f Vag give color and flavor unequalled by Li, fruit grownin any other climate. One Southern tree last year yielded $124 worth of apples; another tree $57. Peaches, pears, plums, berries and pecan nuts yield prolifically. Ex- cellent transportation to profitable markets. Witte for full particulars to M. V. RICHARDS, Land & Indus- . trial Agt, Southern Ry.,Room 138 1320 Penn. Ave., Washington, D.C. tM) Zi Wonderful Work Engine Farmers and Shop Owners, Stop ¢& Sweating! A few dollars gets this grand little work engine, complete and teady torun Cream Separators, CornShred- 24 ders, Grist Mills, Feed Mills, Dyna- Ni Gives a lifetime of steady serv- ice! All Sizes: 2 to20h.p. No cranking! No cams! Nogears! Only 3 moving parts. Finest construction. Thousands in use. Guaranteed 5 years. Write for Special Introductory Proposition. DETROIT MOTOR CAR Nw SUPPLY CO., 238 Canton Ave Cooper’ SPRAY FLUIDS Read what Hood River says Hood River, Oregon, Nov. 27, 1909. This is to certify that I have used Cooper’s Tree Spray Fluids, V1, for killing San Jose scale and found it very effectual. G. R. Castner, County Fruit Inspector. APTERITE THE SOIL FUMIGANT DESTROYS INSECTS IN THE GROUND REDUCES LOSSES SAVES PROFITS IT WILL PAY YOU TO INVESTIGATE Write for 1910 booklet (32 pages) Testimony from fruit growers everywhere Agent: C. G. ROBERTS 247 Ash Street Portland, Oregon Sole Manufacturers: William Cooper & Nephews CHICAGO, ILLINOIS BETTER FRUIT CREATION E who is blessed with the power to create is blessed with God’s greatest gift to man, and if he uses that power to.increase the happiness of his fellow men he becomes a bene- factor to the human race. The world owes homage to the men who have devoted their burning energies to the consum- mation of one purpose, to the final and most perfect development of an ideal. THE STEINWAY PIANO Is an example of the grand result of years of persistent, purposeful striving after the very highest musical ideal. Sons have taken up the task where fathers left off, so that alternate generations of genius, working through the fin- est piano factory in the world, have evolved the Steinway—a piano that has long since been acknowledge the musical masterpiece of the ages. Page 96 The tone is the Jewel. The case is the Setting. The combination is the Priced at $575, $625, $775 and up to $1,600. Of course you can buy a piano cheaper, but it will be a cheaper piano. Why not get the best? Steinway—the Perfect Piano. VICTOR TALKING MACHINES and SHEET MUSIC PORTLAND, OREGON Exclusive Steinway Representatives ARE YOUR CROP YIELDS SATISFACTORY ? They are certainly not what they would be if you used Clark’s Double Action “Cutaway”? Harrow. It requires thorough cultivation to make the soil fertility avail- able for your crops. ‘Thorough Cultivation,” and ‘‘Clark’s Double Action ‘Cutaway’ Harrow” are synonymous. The entire machine is made of steel and iron, except the pole, which is jointed so that there is no weight upon the horses’ necks, and can be removed in one minute and used as a tongueless, as shown in cut. This is a big feature in moving from field to field, insuring safety to horses. The disks are of cutlery steel, shaped and forged in our own shops, where the only genuine “Cutaway” disks are made. The Double ‘“‘Cutaway” does twice as much as an ordinary disk harrow and better at the same cost. The inflexible frame holds the gangs rigidly in their places, and compels them to cut high, hard ridges, carrying the soil into the hollows and leaving the ground level. With the flexible or tandem harrows the gangs conform to the surface and do not cut and level the hard, irregular places. Clark’s stir every inch, leaving a finely pulverized seed bed. By setting the inner gangs straight on sharp turns, the Disk turns easily, leaving the ground even. No interlocking of gangs. Modern farmers disk before they plow their land. It puts fine soil in the bottom of the furrow, where other- wise would lie loose clods that make a strata through which the sub-moisture can not rise. For this no other disk equals Clark’s. What Prof. Bailey Says: ‘‘The Double Action ‘Cutaway’ Harrow has been satisfactory. 1 use it almost continu- ously on our hard clay land with good results.”” If your dealer can’t supply the genuine “Cutaway,” write us. Satisfaction guaran- teed. Twenty-five years’ experience back of every sale. Prompt Shipments. Get our booklet ‘-Intensive Cultivation.’ It’s free. We make a special tool for every crop. CUTAWAY HARROW CO. 940 Main St., Higganum, Conn. WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT December ‘Use KEROSENE Engine FREE! Amazing “DETROIT” Kero. 7 sene Engine shipped on 15 days’ 5 FREE Trial, proves kerosene cheapest, safest. most powerful fuel. If satisfied, pay lowest price ever given on reliable farm engine; if not, pay nothing. . 2 Gasoline Going Up! Automobile owners are burning up so much gaso- line that the world’ssupply is runningshort. Gasoline is 9c to 15c higher than coal oil. Still going up. Two pints of coal oil do work of three pints gasoline. No waste, no evaporation, no explosion from coal oil. Amazing “DETROIT” The *‘DETROIT” is the only engine that handles coal oil successfully; uses alcohol, gasoline and benzine, too. Starts without cranking. Basic patent—only three moving parts—no cams—no sprockets—no gears—no valves—the utmost In simplicity, power and strength. Mounted on skids. All sizes, 2to 20h p., in stock readytoship Complete engine tested just before crating. Comes allreadytorun. Pumps, saws, threshes, churns, separates milk, grinds feed, shells corn. runs home electric-lighting plant. Prices (stripped), $29.50 up. ieee any placeon 15 days’ Free Trial. Don’t buy an engine ill you investigate amazing, money-saving, Ww er-savin, “DETROIT.” Thousands in use. Costs only Pal to find out If you are first1n your neighborhood to write, we will allow you Special Extra-Low Introductory price. Write! Detroit Engine Works. 507 Bellevue Ave._ Detroit. Mich. Make Big Money Drilling Wells iio ...§ LMPROVED STANDARD DRILLING_MACHINE One Man Can Handle Has a record of drilling 130 4 feet and driving casing in 4 one day. Only three levers. wae Wxtra large rope sheaves. WESTERN MADE FOR WESTERN USé ~=©@ Positively will drill every kind of formation. Avoid delays from sending back East.. Buy_from us. We build these up-to-date machines. Will tell you all in catalog. Write for it. REIERSON MACHINERY CO., MANFRS., PORTLAND, OREGON The Law Says SPRAY NOW For San Jose Scale All infected fruit trees one year old and over with lime and sulphur solution.® Sec. 47, Revised Code 1909. The State Commissioner reports ‘*‘Nine- tenths of all fruit is infected and THOUSANDS OF BOXES CONDEMNED Annually because of this disease. [25 LIME and SULPHUR Is a scientifically mixed solution endorsed by the State Agricultural College because of its eoncentrated form. In wet weather use a 2-8 solution; in dry weather 1-11 solution, in De- eember and again in February. Send for § Lilly’s Spray Book and prices. Chas. H. Lilly Company, Seattle, Wash. 2 Book That he calls “POULTRY | SERMONS?” | —READY FOR YOU | Send a postal sure this time for Jolnson’s book—the best and big- gest ever in 36 years—hundreds Of | actual new photographs showing \ Old Trusty Incubators} P Usea by many hundreds of thousands })) . of most successful poultry raisers. fi now, 10 Years’ Guarantee. Z Johnson pays the 7 Freight east of Rockies. .75 per cent bigger hatches Johnson Pays}; the Freight te Giuaes guaranteed. EBVO CSEES antee })|| M. M. JOHNSON (Incubator Man) Clay Center, Neb. |} Toll BETTER FRUIT Page 97 FREE EXPERT ADVICE | | BETTER FRUIT By Professor A. Van Holderbeke, five years Washington State Horticulturist, TO FRUIT GROWERS Purchasing high grade nursery stock, guaranteed true to name, from the Van Holderbeke Nursery Company Has no peer in the Northwest And so we have established THE FRUIT JOURNAL along similar lines in behalf of the Main Offices: RELIABLE Nurseries: Columbia Building AGENTS Spokane Valley and Spokane, Washington WANTED Kennewick, Washington Rocky Mountain region, a com- panion paper to this, your favorite ORLEANS GEO. H. APPEL N E y y fruit magazine. i We have made it up-to-date, clean, high class editorially, me- w SJ i S IMPORTERS. Wholesale ey chanically and pictorially. me g JOBBERS Commission eg The subscription rate is $1.00 per = b 2 ~ EB year. It is worth it. 25° Oe gis ae THE INTERMOUNTAIN o5= = FRUIT JOURNAL eZ Z : : i All Fruits in Season’ Storagefor50Cars 4 Grand Junction, Colorado great irrigated fruit districts of the WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT Page 98 BETTER FRUIT Eighty-Acre Field of Yearling Grafts, Washington Nursery Co., Fall 1911 Yearling Grafts from this Field, as Shipped YEARLING |) APPLE GRAFTS 3 Ft AE WASHINGTON NURSERY Co, FOPPENISH WASH. ree estes ME TENS Trait Geer November 11 In this field we planted over two million apple grafts in March, 1911, and enough more in adjacent fields to make over three and one- quarter million in all. its class in the United States. Those Are Some of the Trees We Shipped | Read what the customers say. We had a 75 per cent stand, as shown above, one of the finest sights imaginable, and probably not equaled in Dozens more letters like these on file: TESTIMONIALS Washington Anacortes, Nov. 13, 1911. ‘This is about as nice a lot of trees that I ever had the pleasure of opening up, and the custom- ers were well pleased with their stock.” A. F. Schreiber. Goldendale, Nov. 15, 1911. “Am well pleased with my trees.” E. S. Seitzinger. Spokane, East 1504 14th Ave., Nov. 14, 1911. “Such a shipment as this 425 Wageners it is a pleasure to turn over to a man who trusted to me to order for him and select the nursery.”’ Herman Thoeni. Pasco, Nov. 20, 1911. “‘The trees came in fine shape and they were more than I expected. The rose bushes were also fine. Thanking you for your courteous treat- ment.”? A. R. Byquist. Orting, Nov. 20, 1911. ‘I am happy to re- port to you that everyone without excep- tion who received trees or shrubbery spoke in highest terms of praise and declared it the best lot ever delivered in Orting.” J. C. Jacques. Seattle, 3113 King St., Nov. 18, 1911. “I unpacked the Greenwood box, found everything in good condition, packing perfect, trees fine.” Levi Wright. Ellensburg, Sept. 21, 1911. “‘Will say that I am well pleased with the stock sup- plied last spring. You will remember you could not furnish first grade, but sent the best you had. Stock has made a splendid growth.” A. E. Gaston. Walla Walla, Nov. 3, 1911. ‘The trees, rose bush, one Perfection currant, came yesterday, but we were not aware of the fact until this a. m. However, they were a fine lot of trees, etc., and we feel that every one will grow, as we set them out before 10 o’clock this a. m. We wish to express our thanks for your generosity in the replace. We appreciate the kind- ness. We have a fine lot of trees from your place.” J. R. Phillips. Pullman, Nov. 6, 1911. “Your shipment has been received and nearly all deliv- ered. Our customers are very much pleased with their orders, declaring them to be the best trees ever received at this point.” Oregon Hermiston, Novy. 13, 1911. “The patrons here were uniformly well pleased with their stock; it is the finest I have ever seen in twenty-five years’ experience in the nursery business, and its superb, clean quality will impress confidence upon every grower who has seen or used it-? €. L. Swain. Huntington, Nov. 14, 1911. “I am pleased with the trees sent me for delivery, and all that were there when consignment arrived said they were the finest lot of trees they had ever seen, delivered and packed.” C. J. Hanson. Dundee, Nov. 15, 1911. ‘Please find en- closed postal order for $9.28 for my trees. They are all O. K. Am well pleased with them.” J. M. Shutt. Forest Grove, Nov. 15, 1911. “I have just unpacked the trees you sent and they appear in splendid condition.” Charles Roper. Baker, Nov. 15, 1911. “The stock is in good condition, the packing first class.” David Kelley. Idah aho Caldwell, Nov. 20, 1911. ‘‘Each customer was well pleased with the nursery stock sent them and I wish to thank you for them also for myself for filling the order ee what I call first-class stock.” J. E. ird. Moscow, Box 677, Oct. 17, 1911. ‘“‘Of the 600 trees I bought from your Mr. Perry in Spokane last fall and which were delivered to me this spring, will say that they did some remarkable growing. In fact, some grew more than I would like to have had them grow. Rome Beauties and Spitz grew 28 inches.” Wm. Buchholz. Cataldo, Nov. 4, 1911. ‘“‘Nursery stock re- ceived yesterday; was in fine condition.” W. I. French. California Bogus, Oct. 23, 1911. ‘“‘Have had good suc- cess with your trees we ordered through your agent in this locality.” Jones Bros. WE WANT YOUR BUSINESS We grow all sorts of Mruit, Shade and Ornamental Stock. trees and to pack and deliver them properly. It’s our business to grow good We want your business. Write us. Washington Nursery Co. TOPPENISH, WASHINGTON Wes Always room for more good salesmen. Write us for particulars WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT - | | | ANYTHING IN SHEET STEEL STEEL PIPES SAVE WATER STEEL PIPES SAVE LABOR YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WAIT FOR STEEL PIPES TO “SOAK UP” AND THEY LAST INDEFINITELY WE MANUFACTURE Galvanized Steel Pipe Storage Tanks Galvanized Steel Culverts Pressure Tanks Asphaltum Coated Pipe Steel Flumes Columbia Hydraulic Rams COLUMBIA ENGINEERING WORKS, Portland, Oregon THE RESULT OF YOUR YEARS OF STUDY, WAITING LABOR AND INVESTMENT Depends on the Trees You Plant All trees are not alike, as some people erroneously suppose. They differ in vigor of constitution. This regulates their ability to transplant suc- cessfully ; to make a good growth the first year in your orchard (which is the eritical period), to commence early bearing, to perfectly mature their fruit. In short, it means success or failure to you. Orenco trees are succeeding from Southern California to Northern British Columbia. Why? Because they have a strong, rugged consti- tution. Plant Oreneo trees and get results. Address OREGON oe a oS : ~ NURSERY COMPANY The resto planing Ones’ dependable prose tee, ORENCO, OREGON at kind are you going to plant? WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT To Fruit Growers | of the Northwest _———— HE HOUSE of STEINHARDT & KELLY, New York, take great pleasure in advising the Fruit Growers of the Northwest that they have again acquired on a purchase basis large blocks of their products|consisting mainly of Apples and Pears. Noconcern in the Bast has so consist- ently used its best efforts on behalf of the Growers of the Northwest, and we herewith desire to thank them for their co-operation in giving us their support by putting up the most magnificent pack of fruit the East has ever seen. Particularly do we desire to commend the Grow- ers of the Hood River Valley of Oregon, the We- natchee Valley of Washington, the Bitter Root Valley of Montana, the]/Mosier Valley of Oregon and among individual packers and shippers the Wenatchee Produce Company of Wenatchee. Steinhardt & Kelly 101 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK The Most Extensive Operators in High Class Fruits in the World Purveyors to the Most Discriminating and Exacting Clientele Direct Connections in all the Leading Markets of the United States and Europe |if WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT bie ah The: Ki sie) nt i‘ 2) ia m4 i) Zz -) s) <> -) 3 2 vl IANA feos reser esestsSststscatetetetet 1 — oo SSS