3

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MARINE GEOLOGY AND
OCEANOGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST

SPECIAL REPORT 44

1955

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFOhNIA
DAVIS

DEC 21 1955

DIVISION OF MINES

FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO

SPECIAL REPORTS ISSUED BY THE DIVISION OF MINES

1-A. Sierra Blanca limestone in Snnta Barbara County, Cali-
fornia, by George W. Walker. 1950. 5 pp., 1 pi. Price 25*.

1-B. The Calera limestone, San Mateo am! Santa Clara Counties,
California, by George W. Walker. 1950. 8 pp., 1 pi., 6 figs.
Price 25 *.

2. Geology of part of the Pelta-Mendotii Canal near Tracy, Cali-
fornia, by Parry Reiehe. 1950. 12 pp., 5 figs. Price 25*.

3. Commercial "black granite" of San Diego County, California,
by Richard A. Hoppin and L. A. Norman, Jr. 1950. 19 pp.,
18 figs. Price 25 *.

4. Geology of the San Dieguito pyrophyllite area, San Diego
County, California, by Richard H. Jahns and John F. Lance.

1950. 32 pp., 2 pis., 21 figs. Price 50*.

5. Geology of the Jurupa Mountains, San Bernardino and River-
side Counties, California, by Edward M. MacKevett. 1951.
14 pp., 1 pi., 14 figs. Price 25*.

6. Geology of Bitterwater Creek area,. Kern County, California,
by Henry H. Heikkila and George M. MacLeod. 1951. 21 pp.,
2 pis., 15 figs. Price 35*.

7-A. Gem- and lithium-bearing pegmatites of the Pala district,
San Diego County, California, by Richard H. Jahns and
Lauren A. Wright. 1951. 72 pp., 13 pis., 35 figs. Price $2.50.

7-B. Economic geology of the Rincon pegmatites, San Diego
County, California, by John B. Hanley. 1951. 24 pp., 1 pi.,
5 figs. Price 35*.

8. Talc deposits of steatite grade, Inyo County, California, by
Ben M. Page. 1951. 35 pp., 11 pis., 25 figs. Price 85*.

9. Type Moreno formation and overlying Eocene strata on the
west side of the San Joaquin Valley, Fresno and Merced
Counties, California, by Max B. Payne. 1951. 29 pp., 5 pis.,
11 figs. Price 60*.

10-A. Nephrite jade and associated rocks of the Cape San Martin
region, Monterey County, California, by Richard A. Crippen,
Jr. 2d printing. 1951. 14 pp., 14 figs. Price 25*.

10-B. Nephrite in Marin County, California, by Charles W. Chester-
man. 1951. 11 pp., 16 figs. Price 25*.

10-C. Jadeite of San Benito County, California, by H. S. Yoder and
C. W. Chesterman. 1951. 8 pp., 6 figs. Price 25*.

11. Guide to the geology of Pfeiffer-Big Sur State Park, Monterey
County, California, by Gordon B. Oakeshott. 1951. 16 pp.,
1 pi., 28 figs. Price 25*.

12. Hydraulic filling in metal mines, by William E. Lightfoot.

1951. 28 pp., 15 figs. Price 50*.

13. Geology of the saline deposits of Bristol Dry Lake, San Ber-
nardino County, California, by Hoyt S. Gale. 1951. 24 pp.,
1 pi., 2 figs. Price 35*.

14. Geology of the massive sulfide deposits at Iron Mountain,
Shasta County, California, by A. R. Kinkel, Jr., and J. P.
Albers. 1951. 19 pp., 6 pis., 6 figs. Price 75*.

15. Photogeologic interpretation using photogrammetric dip cal-
culations, by D. H. Elliott 1952. 21 pp., 9 figs. Price 50*.

16. Geology of the Shasta King mine, Shasta County, California,
by A. R. Kinkel, Jr., and Wayne E. Hall. 1951. 11 pp., 3 pis.,
4 figs. Price 50*.

17. Suggestions for exploration at New Almaden quicksilver mine,
California, by Edgar H. Bailey. 1952. 4 pp., 1 pi. Price 25*.

18. Geology of the Whittier-La Habra area, Los Angeles County,
California, by Charles J. Kundert. 1952. 22 pp., 3 pis., 19
figs. Price 50*.

19. Geology and ceramic properties of the lone formation, Buena
Vista area, Amador County, California, by Joseph A. Pask
and Mort D. Turner. 1952. 39 pp., 4 pis., 24 figs. Price 75*.

20. Geology of the Superior talc area, Death Valley, California,
by Lauren A. Wright. 1952. 22 pp., 1 pi., 15 figs. Price 50*.

21. Geology of Burruel Ridge, northwestern Santa Ana Moun-
tains, California, by James F. Richmond. 1952. 1 pi., 11 figs.
Price 50*.

22. Geology of Las Trampas Ridge, Berkeley Hills, Californl
by Cornelius K. Ham. 1952. 26 pp., 2 pis., 20 figs. Price 75*.

23. Exploratory wells drilled outside of oil and gas fields in Call-
fornia to December 31, 1950, by Gordon B. Oakeshott, Lewis
T. Braun, Charles W. Jennings, and Ruth Wells. 1952. 77 pp,
1 pi., map. Price, map and report, $1.25 ; map alone, $1.

24. Geology of the Lebec quadrangle, California, by John C.
Crowell. 1952. 23 pp., 2 pis., 10 figs. Price 75*.

25. Rocks and structure of the Quartz Spring area, northern
Panamint Range, California, by James F. McAllister. 1952
38 pp., 3 pis., 13 figs. Price 75*.

26. Geology of the southern Ridge Basin, Los Angeles County,
California, by Peter Dehlinger. 1952. 11 pp., 1 pi., 7 figs.
Price 50*.

27. Alkali-aggregate reaction in California concrete aggregates,
by Richard Merriam. 1953. 10 pp., 12 figs. Price 35*.

28. Geology of the Mammoth mine, Shasta County, California, by
A. R. Kinkel, Jr., and Wayne E. Hall. 1952. 15 pp., 9 pis., 5
figs. Price 75*.

29. Geology and ore deposits of the Afterthought mine, Shasta
County, California, by John P. Albers. 1953. 18 pp., 6 pis.,
9 figs. Price 75*.

30. Geology of the southern part of the Quail quadrangle, Cali-
fornia, by Charles W. Jennings. 1953. 18 pp., 2 pis., 16 figs.
Price 75*.

31. Geology of the Johnston Grade area, San Bernardino County,
California, by Robert Barton Guillou. 1953. 18 pp., 1 pi., 19
figs. Price 75*.

32. Geological investigations of strontium deposits in southern
California, by Cordell Durrell. 1953. 48 pp., 9 pis., 12 figs.
Price $1.25.

33. Geology of the Griffith Park area, Los Angeles County, Cali-
fornia, by George J. Neuerberg. 1953. 29 pp., 1 pi., 15 figs.
Price 50*.

34. Geology of the Santa Rosa lead mine, Inyo County, Califor-
nia, by Edward M. Mackevett. 1953. 9 pp., 2 pis., 3 figs.
Price 50*.

35. Tungsten deposits of Madera, Fresno, and Tulare Counties,
California, by Konrad B. Krauskopf. 1953. 83 pp., 4 pis., 52
figs. Price $1.25.

36. Geology of the Palen Mountains gypsum deposit, Riverside
County, California, by Richard A. Hoppin. 1954. 25 pp., 1
pi., 32 figs., frontis. Price 75*

37. Rosamond uranium prospect, Kern County, California, by
George W. Walker. 1953. 8 pp., 5 figs. Price 25*

38. Geology of the Silver Lake talc deposits, San Bernardino
County, California, by Lauren A. Wright. 1954. 30 pp.,
4 pis., 18 figs. Price $1.00.

39. Barite deposits near Barstow, San Bernardino County,
California, by Cordell Durrell. 1954. 8 pp., 4 pis., 1 fig.
Price 50*.

40. Geology and mineral deposits of the Calaveritas quadrangle,
Calaveras County, California, by Lorin D. Clark. 1954. 23
pp., 2 pis., 6 figs. Price $1.75.

41. Geology of the Angels Camp and Sonora quadrangles, Cala-
veras and Tuolumne Counties, California, by John H. Eric,
Arvid A. Stromquist, and C. Melvin Swinney. 1954. 55 pp.,
4 pis., 21 figs. Price $3.75.

42. Geology and mineral deposits in the Ubehebe Peak quad-
rangle, Inyo County, California, by James F. McAllister.
1955. 64 pp., 3 pis., 26 figs. Price $2.00.

43. Geology of a portion of the Elsinore fault zone, California,
by John F. Mann Jr. pp., 2 pis., 5 figs. Price 75*.

44. Bibliography of marine geology and oceanography, Califor-
nia Coast, by Richard D. Terry. 146 pp., 2 figs. Price 75*.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
GOODWIN J. KNIGHT. Governor

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

DeWITT NELSON. Director

DIVISION OF MINES

FERRY BUILDING, SAN FRANCISCO 11

OLAF P. JENKINS, Chief

IAN FRANCISCO SPECIAL REPORT 44 AUGUST 1955

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MARINE GEOLOGY AND
i OCEANOGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST

By RICHARD D. TERRY

Price 75 cents

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MARINE GEOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, CALIFORNIA COAST *

By Richard D. Terry

OUTLINE OF REPORT

Page

Introduction 3

Bibliography 5

Other bibliographies and source material . 127

Illustrations

Figure 1. Chart showing distribution of references concerning
major environments 3

Figure 2. Chart showing distribution of references for each
year 3

INTRODUCTION

The general fields covered by this bibliography include :
sedimentation, submarine topography, beach erosion and
its control, marine engineering problems, coastal sand
dunes, tideland petroleum developments, marine geo-
physics (including seismology and tsunamis), salt water
intrusion, physical and chemical oceanography. Refer-
ences on marine biology and meteorology have been re-
stricted to those which mention biology and meteorology
in a discussion of other oceanographic problems. For
example, plankton have a profound effect upon the chem-
istry of sea water and to some extent upon the physical
characteristics (i.e. transparency). In addition, plankton
contribute to bottom sediments and often make major
physical-chemical changes in sediments after deposition.
Burrowing, boring, and fouling organisms likewise are
of interest, so a few selected references on these have
been included. Marine terraces are a marine geological
problem and, therefore, have been included ; however, no
general references on coastal geology have been cited.
Geology and paleontology of the various offshore islands
of California and Mexico are included as they are fre-
quently used in submarine geological interpretations.

In addition to the restriction of certain topics dis-
cussed above, references to other branches of science
closely allied to marine geology and oceanography which
are covered incompletely include : terrestrial magnetism,
coastal engineering, and tideland petroleum develop-
ments. Perhaps hundreds of references exist in numerous
engineering and petroleum periodicals, but are not in-
cluded because only a few important articles occur
amidst hundreds of pages of notes, news stories, popular
accounts, and advertising.

•University of Southern California, Allan Hancock Contribution.
No. 154. Manuscript submitted for publication January, 1955.

Figure 1 shows the distribution of references concern-
ing major environments. In general, the number of refer-
ences decreases as the depth of water in the environments
increases. The number of references on chemical ocea-
nography comprise only a small percentage of the
bibliography and there is reason to believe that the lack
of references is due to the relatively small amount of
research in this field. Figure 2 shows the distribution
of references for each year. It is apparent that a slightly
increasing number of articles was published each year
up to about 1920, after which the number of references
increased rapidly, excepting during World War II. The
sharp rise can be attributed partly to the development of
sonic sounding equipment in the early 1920 's.

</)
III

u,=°

z

u

X

k

Id

a:80

1 1 1 1 1 1

i I 1 1 1 1

| 1 —

li- to

0

li V

u
ID

r

D
2 o

A !

a m

1 i/ikA/u/W^

i i i i i i

l«40 1890 i860

boo ieoo leoo 1910 1020 1030 1040 eso

YEARS

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

If the titles of references are the only basis for inclu-
sion or exclusion in a bibliography, a large number of
references will probably be overlooked. In order to get
an indication of the number of references that would be
missed by using titles as the criteria for inclusion in this
bibliography, 648 references from nine journals were
systematically scanned and placed in three categories
as follows: (1) Approximately 37.3 percent of the refer-
ences had titles containing information that related di-
rectly to the region covered by the bibliography, i.e.,
from the Oregon- Washington border to Central America
and midway to the Hawaiian Islands; (2) more than
half, or 53.6 percent, of the references had general titles
that gave a hint of subjects which might apply to the
region; however, each reference in this category had to
be read or scanned in order to determine if the reference
should be included; and (3) approximately 9.1 percent
of the titles gave no indication whatsoever of the region
covered and would have been missed. An evaluation of
these titles could have been attained only through check-
ing reference citation, through accidental re-discovery,
or through a systematic search of the literature.

This bibliography was compiled by a systematic check
of a few selected key journals. In addition, countless
other books, indexes, bibliographies, theses, reprints, li-
brary card files, and unpublished data were checked.

(3)

Special Report 44

The following is a list of serials that were systematically
checked; that is, each page was scanned, regardless of
the titles of articles. The list does not include hundreds
of volumes of other periodicals, etc., that were only
partially scanned.

American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin

Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California,

publications and contributions.
American Journal of Science (1900-1954)
Association d'Oceanographie Physique, Union Geodesique et Geo-

physique Internationale, Proces-Verbaux
California Academy of Sciences, Proceedings and Transactions.
Deep-Sea Research
Ecological Monographs

Geological Society of America, Bulletins and Proceedings
Journal du Conseil pour 1 'Exploration de la Mer
Journal of Geology
Journal of Geomorphology
Journal of Marine Research
Journal of Sedimentary Petrology
National Research Council Bulletins
National Research Council Treatise on Marine Ecology as Related

to Paleontology
National Research Council Treatise on Sedimentation
Pacific Discovery

Pacific Science Congress Proceedings (1st to 6th conference)
Proceedings on Coastal Engineering (1st to 3rd conference)
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Bulletins, Reports, and con-
tributions
Shore and Beach
Theses :

California Institute of Technology

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Stanford University

University of California, Berkeley

University of California, Los Angeles

University of Southern California
University of California, Berkeley, Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
University of California Publications in Geography
University of California Publications in Geology
U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board Bulletin and

Technical Memoranda.
U. S. Navy, Office of Naval Research, Pasadena, reports

While it is difficult to determine the degree of com-
pleteness of a bibliography, it is believed that the ap-
proximately 2500 references listed in the bibliography
probably comprise more than 95 percent of the most
important published references on marine geology, and
physical and chemical oceanography.

The style used for reference citation in this volume is
that recommended by the U. S. Geological Survey. When
the same reference has been published more than once,
the references have been combined and listed under the
earliest citation. All subjects in the cross-index are then
cited under the earliest date. Foreign abstracts or re-
views of American articles previously published in the
United States have not, as a rule, been cited in the
bibliography.

An asterisk ( * ) following references indicates that the
reference was not indexed or was only partially indexed,
generally because the references were not located, were
too long, or were added just before press time. No at-
tempt was made to index books as they have such a large
amount of general information. A total of many weeks
was spent away from the Los Angeles region in an en-
deavor to locate references not in this area; however,
even this was not sufficient to check all references.

In the accompanying index, marine geological subjects
have been placed under one or more geographical loca-
tions, such as: Abyssal, Bank, Basin, Beach and Near-
shore, Coastal Sand Dunes etc. Thus, if an article dis-

cussed "Banks", various sediment and rock types were
listed under ' ' Bank ' '. Obviously, many of the references
were extremely long and discussed a great number of
subjects, some geographically, some in a general manner,
while others gave locations by latitude and longitude. In
such cases the topics were listed directly after the general
subject or under the primary location. As a general rule,
various sediment and rock types listed in the "Cross-
Index" refer only to bottom material existing on the
sea floor within the region covered by the bibliography.
Thus, sediments and rocks of the inland or islands are
not indexed ; however, mineralogy and various sediment
types are included for coastal sand dunes and beaches.

As a whole, the index obviously is not completely de-
tailed, however, in some cases it probably is too complete.
For example, sometimes Currents, Waves, and various
sediment types have been listed when these subjects were
only casually mentioned in the article.

Because bibliographies on marine geology and ocean-
ography have been compiled for several other regions of
the world, this bibliography has been restricted to the
California Coast and adjacent regions. Every bibliog-
raphy and major source of marine geologic and ocean-
ographic information examined during the compilation
of this bibliography has been listed in the section on
"Other Bibliographies and Source Material". Several
of the most important books on marine geology and
oceanography also are listed in this section. In addition,
as an aid toward locating unpublished or only sparsely
distributed reports and data, a list of suggested sources
of information has been included in this section. Addi-
tional information may be located by contacting individ-
uals or organizations carrying out marine research or
work having to do with the ocean and adjacent inland
waters. It is suggested that where specific information
is sought for a local region, local sources will have more
information than will more distant ones.

Acknowledgments. This bibliography is made pos-
sible largely through the aid given by the Allan Hancock
Foundation of the University of Southern California;
and Professor K. 0. Emery. The Allan Hancock Founda-
tion gave financial assistance and time from other duties
in order to work on the bibliography on a more or less1
full-time basis. Dr. Emery not only suggested the bibli-
ography and guided the compiler throughout, but also
gave access to his own personal library and contributed),
scores of obscure references.

Special thanks must go to Drs. T. Clements and 0. L.
Bandy for their assistance. Mrs. Dorothy M. Halmos,!
Miss Mary E. Pippin and Mr. Morris Polan, Librarians;
of the Allan Hancock Foundation Library of Marine :
Biology and Oceanography, made every effort to aid in
the location of references and helped in many ways in'
the development of this bibliography. Mr. H. C. Stone !
of Doheny Library of the University of Southern Cali-
fornia, and the Librarians of Stanford University andj
Scripps Institute of Oceanography also helped locate
many references. Appreciation is also expressed to Mr.
W. J. Herron, Jr., U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los
Angeles District; Dr. J. W. Johnson of the University
of California at Berkeley; and Dr. J. B. Loefer of the
Office of Naval Research in Pasadena, for making unpub-
lished material available.

My wife, Mary, aided me in many ways during the
long period required to compile this volume.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Anonymous, 1859, Currents of the Pacific Ocean: Nautical
Mag., London, v. 28, p. 287-293, 369-376, 425-428. *

Anonymous, l882a, Shore scenes at Santa Cruz: Min. and
Sci. Press, v. 45, p. 425.

Anonymous, l882b, Diatoms and diatomaceous earths: Calif.
Div. M:nes, 2nd Rept. State Mineralogist, p. 266-270.

Anonymous, l882c, Iron ores and iron industries of California:
Black sand: Calif. Div. Mines, 2nd Rept. State Mineral-
ogist, p. 196.

Anonymous, 1883, The Java upheaval: Nature, v. 28, p. 443-
444; Science, v. 2, p. 469-470.

Anonymous, 1884, Gold sands of California: Science, v. 3,

p. 797.
Anonymous, 1887, Santa Cruz Island: West Am. Scientist,

v. 3, P. 77-
Anonymous, 1891, Diatomaceous earth found on beach: West

Am. Scientist, v. 7, p. 136.
Anonymous, l894a, Our auriferous beach sands: Min. and Sci.

Press, v. 69, p. 258.
Anonymous, l894b, Black sand mining: Min. and Sci. press,

v. 69, Oct. 27, p. 263.
Anonymous, 1904, Informe acerca de la fisiografia, geologia

y hidrologia de los alrededores de la Paz, Baja,

California: Inst. Geologia de Mexico, Parergones,

v. 1, no. 2, p. 3- ; Bol. Sec. Fom. , v. 3, no. 11,

p. 216- . *
Anonymous, 1906a, Harbor improvement at San Pedro and

Wilmington, California: Eng. News, v. 56, no. 7,

p. 155-158.
Anonymous, 1906b, Black sand: Min. and Sci. press, v. 93,

Sept. 1, p. 242.
Anonymous, 1915, Storm damage to sea walls on California

coast: Eng. News, v. 73, no. 15, p. 720-721.
Anonymous, 1916a, Shore at Venice, California, best protected

by permanent sea wall and low groins: Eng. Record,

v. 73, no. 2, p. 36, 51-54 (rept. of Leeds and Barnard,

engineers) .
Anonymous, 1916b, Protecting a beach highway from the sea:

Eng. Record, v. 74, no. 7, p. 208.
Anonymous, 19l6c, The Brasher Air Breakwater: The Engineer,

v. 121, p. 414-415.
Anonymous, 19l6d,- The Air Breakwater put to severe test:

Sci. Am., v. 114, p. 403.
Anonymous, 19l6e, San Francisco shore protection near comple-
tion: Eng. News, v. 76, no. 12, p. 543-544.
Anonymous, 1917, Experiment with groins at Santa Monica

Beach successful. Wood and concrete structures are

effectively building up sand deposits: Eng. Record,

v. 75, no. 13, P. 501-502.
Anonymous, 1925a, No "lost continent" in pacific Ocean:

Science, v. 62, no. l6l3, p. xiv.
Anonymous, 1925b, Long Beach Harbor improvements: Eng. and

Contracting, v. 63, no. 6, p. 1347-13^9-
Anonymous, 1927, Ocean canyons: Science, v. 66, no. 1715,

p. x.
Anonymous, 1928, The Mexican earthquake: Science, v. 67,

no. 1748, p. xii.
Anonymous, 1929a, Lower California drift bottle recovered

in Philippines after 17 month trip: Science, v. 69,

no. 1797, P- xiv.
Anonymous, 1929b, Salt water advances up San Francisco Bay:

Eng. News-Record, v. 103, p. 621.
Anonymous, 1932a, Rincon ocean test finds formation running

high: Oil Weekly, v. 67, no. 13, Dec. 12, p. 45.
Anonymous, 1932b, Ocean test plugged back for production

test: Oil Weekly, v. 68, no. 2, Dec. 26, p. 37.
Anonymous, 1932c, Standard ready to test Santa Rosa Island:

Petroleum World, v. 29, p. 15-17, 37.
Anonymous, 1932d, Standard to drill off Santa Barbara Coast:

Oil Weekly, v. 65, no. 5, April 18, p. 49.
Anonymous, 1932e, Santa Rosa geology compares with mainland

oil areas: Oil Weekly, v. 65, no. 7, May 2, p. 45-46.
Anonymous, 1933a, Book review; Salinity in Sacramento River:

Eng. News-Record, v. 110, p. 385-
Anonymous, 1933b, Salinity in Sacramento River Delta area

reviewed: Eng. News-Record, v. 110, p. 460.
Anonymous, 1933c, Los Angeles beach acquisition: Shore and

Beach, v. 1, p. 63>
Anonymous, 1933d, Santa Monica Breakwater: Shore and Beach,

v. 1, p. 64.
Anonymous, 1933e, Beach erosion studies by Federal Board:

Eng. News -Record, v. Ill, p. 281-283.
Anonymous, 1935, Beach-protection work on California coast

roads: Eng. News-Record, v. 114, p. 253-254.
Anonymous, 1936, Program of initial works on Central Valley
Project in California: Western Construction News, v.
11, no. 3, P- 68-72.
Anonymous, 1938a, The beach erosion study at Santa Barbara,
California: Shore and Beach, v. 6, p. 27-34, pis. I
and II on inside front cover (Pub. in Congressional
Documents, 1938a).
Anonymous, 1938b, Santa Barbara dredging operations: Shore

and Beach, v. 6, p. 143.
Anonymous, 1938c, Submarine Pacific coast petroleum: Rev.

Petrolif., no. 767, Jan. 7, P« 17- *
Anonymous, 1939, New sea-floor coring method: Shore and

Beach, v. 7, P- 88.
Anonymous, 1940a, Recent ocean wave observations: Shore and

Beach, v. 8, p. 7.
Anonymous, 1940b, Report completed. Study of Orange County,
California shore approved for publication: Shore and
Beach, v. 8, p. 63. (pub. in Congressional Documents,
l^a).
Anonymous, 1940c, Burning of the Minnie A. Came. Grounded
vessel fired to end erosion threatening California
shorefront highway: Shore and Beach, v. 8, p. 93, 71;
Calif. Highways and Public Works, April 1940.
Anonymous, 1940d, Report on studies in Orange County, Calif-
ornia. Investigation by Beach Erosion Board discloses
beach material shortage caused by flood control: Shore
and Beach, v. 8, p. 110-113, 126-130. (Complete report
pub. in Congressional Documents, 1940a).
Anonymous, 194la, Ocean studies at the University of California:

Science, v. 94, no. 2431, p. 11.
Anonymous, 194lb, Los Angeles County Master Shore Plan.

Supervisors adopt nine -point plan to acquire and develop
almost entire county shoreline for public use: Shore
and Beach, v. 9, p. 3-8, 32.
Anonymous, 1942, Current activities: Natl. Research Council,
Div. Geology and Geography, Rept. Coram. Marine Ecology
as Related to Paleontology, no. 2, p. 13-21.
Anonymous, 1943, Occurrence of "red water" near San Diego:

Shore and Beach, V. 11, p. 4.
Anonymous, 1944a, Public's interest supersede individual's,

California court decides: Shore and Beach, v. 12, p. 14.
Anonymous, 1944b, Current activities: Western United States:
Natl. Research Council, Div. Geology and Geography,
Rept. Coram. Marine Ecology as Related to Paleontology,
1943.1944, no. 4, p. 11-13-
Anonymous, 1945, Index for ground photographs for various
Pacific Coast beaches: Univ. Calif., Berkeley, Fluid
mechanics Lab., tech. rept. HE-116-172, Sept. 29, 3 P-
Anonymous, 1946a, Continental shelf oil possibilities: Oil

Weekly, v. 123, no. 7, Oct. 14, p. 37.
Anonymous, 1946b, The earthquake and seismic sea wave of
April 1, 1946, Seismol. Soc. Am., Bull., v. 18, p.
10-11.
Anonymous, 1946c, Seismic sea wave of April 1, 1946: Am.

Geophys. Union Trans., v. 27, p. 453.
Anonymous, 1948, Sea-borne seismic work under way off
California coast: Petroleum World, v. 45, no. 8,

p. 15-17.
Anonymous, 1949a, Engineering problems of Santa Rosa Island.

Exploratory drilling solved: Petroleum World, v. 46,

no. 1, p. 15-17.
Anonymous, 1949b, Settling at Wilmington: Petroleum World,

v. 46, no. 7, p. 10-11, 13.
Anonymous, 1949c, Chromium: Mineral Information Service,

Calif. Div. Mines, v. 2, no. 11, p. 4-5.
Anonymous, 1950a, Monazite and the rare-earth elements:

Mineral Information Service, Calif. Div. Mines, v. 3,

no. 3, P- 3-4.
Anonymous, 1950b, Zirconium: Mineral Information Service,

Calif. Div. Mines, v. 3, no. 3, P> 7-9-
Anonymous, 1950c, A survey of San Diego Bay: U. S. Navy

Volunteer Research Reserve Unit 11-5, progress rept.

1, 31 Dec, 21 p. Abs. in San Diego Regional Water

Pollution Control Board, 1952, Report upon the extent,

effects and limitations of waste disposal into San

Diego Bay, app. TV, p. 95 •
Anonymous, 1950d, California sandblasting materials: Mineral

Information Service. Calif. Div. Mines, v. 3, no. 5,

p. 9-11-

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Special Report 44

Anonymous, 1950e, Abrasives: sand, sandstone and crushed

rock: Mineral Information Service, Calif. Div. Mines,

v. 3, no. 7, P. 8-9.
Anonymous, 1950f, East Bay Municipal Utility District, con-
struction of concrete outfall sewer, land and underwater

sections: Western Construction Monthly, July, p. 59- *
Anonymous, 1951a, Scripps oceanographers on second expedition:

U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey Jour., no. 4, p. 105.
Anonymous, 1951b, San Diego builds playground: Eng. News-
Record, v. 146, Jan. 18, p. 45-1+6.
Anonymous, 1951c, Laboratory research - sea -water intrusion

into groundwater sources and methods of its prevention:

Univ. Calif., Berkeley, Inst. eng. research, 5 P- *
Anonymous, 1951d, Black sands: Mineral Information Service,

Calif. Div. Mines, v. 4, no. 8, p. 1-2.
Anonymous, 1952a, Arvin-Tehachapi earthquake: Mineral

Information Service, Calif. Div. Mines, v. 5, no. 9,

p. 1-4.
Anonymous, 1952b, Washington highlights: Calif. Oil World,

v. 45, no. 1, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1952c, Drilling halted - Long Beach's 30 day ban

due to quake damage costs: Oil and Gas Jour., v. 50,

no. 43, March 3, P. 60.
Anonymous, 1952d, Man-made island to be drilling site:

Mineral Information Service, Calif. Div. Mines, v. 5,

no. 8, p. 3-
Anonymous, 1952e, Arvin-Tehachapi earthquake: Mineral

Information Service, Calif. Div. Mines, v. 5, no. 9,

p. 1-4.
Anonymous, 1952f, Steel piling calms the high seas: Western

Metals, Sept., p. 57.
Anonymous, 1952g, Longest submarine line on west coast: Oil

Forum, April, p. 128; Pipeline News, Jan., p. 32.
Anonymous, 1952h, Offshore survey started: Oil and Gas

Jour., v. 50, no. 44, March 10, p. 68.
Anonymous, 1952i, Subsidence attacked anew: Oil and Gas

Jour., v. 50, May 5, p. 162.
Anonymous, 1952j, Harbor drilling eyed: Oil and Gas Jour.,

v. 51, no. 3, May 26, p. 66.
Anonymous, 1952k, Long Beach oil vote set: Oil and Gas

Jour., v. 51, no. 14, Aug. 11, p. 78.
Anonymous, 1952L, Drilling island started: Oil and Gas

Jour., v. 51, no. l4, Aug. 11, p. 78.
Anonymous, 1952m, California - Work underway at Seal Beach

steel-rimmed island: Oil and Gas Jour., v. 51, no. 14,

Aug. 11, p. 176.
Anonymous, 1952n, Island drilling threatened: Oil and Gas

Jour., v. 51, no. 15, Aug. 18, p. 80.
Anonymous, 1952o, Suit filed over island: Oil and Gas Jour.,

v. 51, no. 19, Sept. 15, p. 74.
Anonymous, 1952p, More tidelands funds frozen: Oil and Gas

Jour., v. 51, no. 27, Nov. 10, p. 80.
Anonymous, 1952q, West Coast - Well No. 100 completed: Oil

and Gas Jour., v. 51, no. 33, Dec. 22, p. 148.
Anonymous, 1953a, More progress made toward offshore oil

developments: World Oil, v. 137, no. 1, p. 79-
Anonymous, 1953b, Judge rules against Monterey: Petroleum

World and Oil, v. 50, no. 2, Jan. 8, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1953c, Redondo Beach wonders: To drill or not

to drill? Petroleum World and Oil, v. 50, no. 32,

Aug. 6, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1953d, Call for harbor land bids: Petroleum

World and Oil, v. 50, no. 34, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1953e, Seal Beach drilling case mulled by Appellate

Court: Petroleum World and Oil, v. 50,- no. 3k, Aug.

20, p. 3.
Anonymous, 1953f, Hint Seal Beach may appeal latest ruling

on island drillsite: Petroleum World and Oil, v. 50,

no. 36, Sept. 3, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1953g, New Marine Loading line at Ventura:

Petroleum World and Oil, v. 50, no. 39, Sept. 2k, p. 51.
Anonymous, 195^, Tidelands development active despite row

over law: World Oil, v. 138, no. 1, p. 70.
Anonymous, 1954b, Santa Barbara is fearful. Urge "human

refuge" if California allows new offshore drilling:

Petroleum World, v. 51, no. 3, Jan. 21, p. 3-
Anonymous, 195^c, Brown Drilling gets contract for island

wells off Seal Beach: Petroleum World and Oil, v. 51,

no. 9, March 4, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1954d, Will tunneling under the ocean be a cheaper

way to drill offshore: Petroleum World and Oil, v. 51,

no. 12, p. 24-25.
Anonymous, 1954e, Richfield "shooting" offshore: Petroleum

World and Oil, v. 51, no. 20, May 20, p. 1.
Anonymous, 1954f, Monterey completes second Newport offshore

well: Oil and Gas Jour., v. 52, no. 48, April 5, p. 172.

Anonymous, 1954g, Monterey readies rig: Oil and Gas Jour.,

v. 52, no. 50, April 19, p. 102.
Anonymous, 1954h, California offers leases: Oil and Gas Jour.,

v. 52, no. 50, April 19, p. 102.
Anonymous, 195^1, Island test begun. Monterey starts first

of three Seal Beach wildcats: Oil and Gas Jour., v. 53,

no. 4, May 31, p. 45.
Anonymous, 1954 j, Zirconium: Mineral Information Service,

Calif. Div. Mines, v. 7, no. 9, p. 1-3.
Anonymous, 1954k, Man-made island oil drilling project:

Mineral Information Service, Calif. Div. Mines, v. 7,

no. 9, p. 7.
Anonymous, 195^m, Glass sand in California: Mineral Informa-
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Agassiz, A., 1905, On the progress of the Albatross Expedition
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Alden, J., 1853, Report on a reconnaissance of the western

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Alden, J., 1854a, Extracts from a letter on the results of
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Alden, J., l854b, Extracts of report on the determination of

the position of a bank in the Pacific, lying in the tract
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Alden, J., 1856, Deposit of red sand inside of the bar of

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Aldrich, L., and Smith, H. G-, 19WS, Los Angeles' $41,000,000
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Alexander, A. H., 1936, Beach considerations of the California
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Alexander, C. S., 1950, The marine and stream terraces of the
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Allen, E. C, 1933, The carbon dioxide content of sea water:
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Allen, W. E., 1920, A quantitative and statistical study of

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8

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12

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14

Special Report 44

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15

Clark, A. H., 191^> The circulation of the abyssal waters of
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Clements, T., and Dana, S. W. , V9kk, Geologic significance
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Cochrane, J. D. , and Arthur, R. S., 1948, Reflection of
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Cockerell, T. D. A., 1937, Helminthoglypta ayresiana on San

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Coe, W. R., 19^7, Nutrition, growth and sexuality of the
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Zoology, v. 104, p. 1-24.

16

Special Report 44

Coe, W. R., 19*^8, Nutrition, environmental conditions, and

growth of marine bivalve mollusks: Jour. Marine Research,
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Coe, W. R., 1953, Resurgent populations of littoral marine
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Coe, W. R., and Fox, D. L., 1944, Biology of the California
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Doc. 175, 4 p. chart, Trinidad Harbor, California.
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Doc. 188, 183 p. chart, Proposed harbor of refuge for

the Pacific Coast. Ex. Doc. 188, pt. 2, 12 p.
Congressional Documents, l88l, 46th Cong., 3d sess., H. Ex.

Doc. 39, 27 p., chart, Yerba Buena Island.
Congressional Documents, 1892, 52d Cong., 1st sess., S. Doc.

153, 26 p., 4 photos, 9 charts, Report on the results

of the survey for the purpose of determining the

practicability of laying a telegraphic cable between

the United States and the Hawiian Islands. *
Congressional Documents, 1897, 55th Cong., 1st sess., S.

Doc. 18, 330 p., charts, pis., Deep-water harbor at Port

Los Angeles or at San Pedro, California. (Also see:

U. S. Board , 1897).

Congressional Documents, 1907, 60th Cong., 1st sess., H. Doc.

77, 5 P., Islais Creek, or River, California (San

Francisco Bay).
Congressional Documents, 1908a, 60th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

1103„ 17 p., 3 Pis., Hydraulics of Mare Island Straits

and approaches.
Congressional Documents, 1908b, 60th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

1114, 23 p., Wilmington Harbor, California.
Congressional Documents, 1908c, 60th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

1119, 13 p., 1 pi., Rocks in San Francisco Harbor,

California.
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950, 12 p., Entrance to Humboldt Harbor, California.
Congressional Documents, 1908f, 60th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

1123, 19 p., 26 charts, Reports of examination and
survey of Sacramento River, California, from its mouth
to Feather River.

Congressional Documents, 1908g, 60th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

1124, l8p., 18 pis., San Joaquin River, Stockton Channel,
etc., from San Francisco Bay to Stockton, California.

Congressional Documents, 1908h, 60th Cong., 1st sess., H. Doc.
969, 10 p., 1 pi. Breakwater at San Pedro Bay, California.

Congressional Documents, 1909, 6lst Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc. 1

326, 5 P- chart, Humboldt Bay, California.
Congressional Documents, 1910, 6lst Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

64-7, 11 p., Oakland Harbor, California.
Congressional Documents, 1926, 69th Cong., 1st sess., H. Doc.

407, 6l p., chart, Oakland Harbor, California.
Congressional Documents, 1934a, 73d Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

191, 107 p., 9 Pis., Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Kern

Rivers, California.
Congressional Documents, 193^, 73d Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

223, 29 p. 1 pi., San Diego Harbor, California.
Congressional Documents, 1936, 74th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.

^95, 87 p., Stream pollution by federal agencies, with

recommendations .
Congressional Documents, 1938a, 75th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 552, 51 p. incl. 17 pis., Beach Erosion at Santa

Barbara, California.
Congressional Documents, 1938b, 75th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 598, 18 p., 1 chart, Richmond Harbor, California.
Congressional Documents, 1938c, 75th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 619, 24 p., 1 chart, Bodega Bay, California.
Congressional Documents, 1938d, 75th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 644, 11 p., 1 chart, Pinole Shoal and Mare Island

Channel and Turning Basin, California.
Congressional Documents, 1940a, 76th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 637, 26 p., l4 pis., Beach erosion study, Orange

County, California.
Congressional Documents, 1940b, 76th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 682, 17 p., 1 chart, Noyo River and Harbor, Calif-
ornia.
Congressional Documents, 1940c, 76th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 688, 16 p., 2 charts, Crescent City Harbor,

California.
Congressional Documents, 1940d, 76th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 715, 12 p., 2 charts, Richmond Harbor, California.
Congressional Documents, 1940e, 76th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 843, 19 p., 1 chart, Los Angeles and Long Beach

Harbors, California.
Congressional Documents, 1940f, 76th Cong., 3d sess., H.

Doc. 844, 4 p., 1 chart, San Diego Harbor, California.
Congressional Documents, 194l, 77th Cong., 1st sess., H.

Doc. 283, 19 p., 1 pi., Morro Bay, California.
Congressional Documents, 1942a, 77th Cong., 2d sess., H.

Doc. 635, 4 p., 1 chart, San Diego River, California.
Congressional Documents, 1942b, 77th Cong., 2d sess., H.

Doc. 636, 14 p., 11 pis., Beach erosion study, Coronado,

California.
Congressional Documents, 1942c, 77th Cong., 2d sess., H.

Doc. 817, 15 p., 1 chart, Chetco River, Oregon.
Congressional Documents, 1943, 78th Cong., 1st sess., S.

Doc. 138, 21 p., 1 chart, Newport Bay Harbor, California
Congressional Documents, 1949a, 80th Cong., 2d sess., H.

Doc. 586, 24 p., 1 pi., Noyo River and Harbor, Calif ornii
Congressional Documents, 1949b, 80th Cong., 2d sess., H.

Doc. 644, 30 p., 2 charts, Halfmoon Bay, San Mateo

County, California.
Congressional Documents, 1949c, 80th Cong., 2d sess., H.

Doc. 646, 20 p., 1 chart, Coos Bay at Charleston, South

Slough, Oregon.
Congressional Documents, 1949d, 80th Cong., 2d sess., H.

Doc. 65O, 35 p., 1 pi., Tillamook Bay and Bar, Oregon.
Congressional Documents, 1949e, 80th Cong., 2d sess., H.

Doc. 752, 38 p., 1 pi., San Joaquin River and Stockton

Channel, California.
Congressional Documents, 1949f, 80th Cong., 2d sess., H-

Doc. 761, 35 p. incl. 5 tables, 13 pis., Santa Barbara,

California beach erosion control study (final report).
Congressional Documents, 1949-50a, 8lst Cong., 1st sess., H.

Doc. 286, 20 p., 1 pi., San Francisco Harbor and Bay,

California.
Congressional Documents, 1949-50b, 8lst Cong., 1st sess., H.

Doc. 303, 37 p., 2 charts, Redondo Beach Harbor, Calif-
ornia .
Congressional Documents, 1950a, 8lst Cong., 1st sess., H.

Doc. 367, 153 P-, 2 pis., tables, Sacramento - San Joa-
quin Basin stream's, California.
Congressional Documents, 1953a, 83d Cong., 1st sess., H.

Doc. l6l, 58 p., 3 pis., Los Angeles and Long Beach

Harbors, California.
Congressional Documents, 1953b, 83d Cong., 1st sess., H.

Doc. 29, 92 p. ♦ pis., charts. Appendix 1, Coast of

California, Carpinteria to Point Mugu, beach erosion

control study.

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18

Special Report 44

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22

Special Report 44

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28

Special Report 44

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30

Special Report 44

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34

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40

Special Report 44

Osorio Tafall, B. P., 19^3, El Mar de Cortes y la productividad

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42

Special Report 44

Ransome, F.
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other poems of California with fifty-three illustrations
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Revelle, R., 1936, Marine bottom samples collected in the
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Revelle, R., 1937a, The colloidal fractions of Pacific deep-
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Revelle, R., 1937b, Colloidal fractions of Pacific deep-sea
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Revelle, R., 1938, Recent offshore sediments from southern
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Revelle, R., 194l, Criteria for recognition of sea water in
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Revelle, R., 1943, Soundings in the Gulf of California and

off the west coast of Lower California in 1939: Scripps
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Revelle, R., 1944, I. Marine bottom samples collected in the
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point of view on coastal and waterfront work: Shore
and Beach, v. 4, p. 8-10, discussion p. 10-12.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944a, Waves in shallow
water: Change in wave height along the Scripps Insti-
tution Pier with special emphasis on breaker character-
istics: Wave Rept. 1, 9 P>, 5 photos, 6 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944b, Foam line analysii
Wave Rept. 19, 3 P-, 2 graphs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944c, Surf conditions
as related to landing operations: Wave Project Rept.
22, 6 p.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944d, Effect of

bottom slope on breaker characteristics as observed
along the Scripps Institution Pier: Wave Project
Rept. 24, 10 p., 5 photos.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944e, A method of
presenting refraction corrections: Wave Rept. 31,
4 p., 1 fig.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944f , Method of

determining depth in shallow water from aerial photo-
graphs (wave velocity method): Pt. I, 9 P-, figs-,
graphs. Pt. II, 5 p., photos.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944g, Waves in shallow
water: The velocity of waves in shallow water as de-
rived from observations along the Scripps Institution
Pier: Wave Rept. II, 19 p., 9 figs., 4 tables.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944h, Waves in shallow
water: Comparison between forecast and observed heights
of breakers: Rept. Ill, 5 p., 2 figs., 4 tables.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1945a, Observed changes
in wave height from deep to shallow water: Wave Project
Rept. 27, 14 p., 3 figs.

Scripps institution of Oceanography, 1945b, Effect of wave
refraction on breaker heights. A comparison between
computed and observed changes along the beach to the
north of La Jolla: Wave Project Rept. 38, 15 p.,
6 figs . , 6 pis .

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1945c, Longshore current:
Wave Project Rept. 40, 12 p., 6 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1945d, Effect of surf
and beach gradients on landings with LCVP'.s and LCM's:
Wave Project Rept. 68, 34 p., app. tables, graphs.

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45

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1947, A statistical
study of wave conditions at five open sea localities
along the California Coast: Wave Project Rept. 68,
34 p., app. tables, graphs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1949a, Physical and

chemical data Cruise 1 - February 28 to March 16, 19^9-
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 1, unpaged, 10 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1949b, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 2 - March 28 to April 12, 1949.
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 2, unpaged, 10 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1949c, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 3 - April 28 to May l4, 1949.
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 3, unpaged, 10 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1949<i, Physical and

chemical data Cruise 4 - May 28 to June 10, 1949- Marine
Life Research Program: Physical and chemical data rept.
5, unpaged, 10 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1950a, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 6 - August 3 to August 22, 1949-
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 6, unpaged, 4 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1950b, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 7 - September 5 to September 18,
1949- Marine Life Research Program: Physical and Che-
mical data rept. 7, unpaged, 4 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1950c, Physical and che-
mical data Cruise 8 - October 3 to October 20, 1949-
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 8, unpaged, 4 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1950d, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 9 - November 8 to November 25,
1949: Marine Life Research Program: Physical and
chemical data rept. 9> unpaged, 4 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1950e, Physical and

chemical data Cruise 10 - January 5 to January 8, 1950.
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 10, iv, 17 p., 5 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1950f, Station positions,
California Cooperative Sardine Research Program: Tech.
rept. of Nov. 1, 4 p., incl. tables, chart.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1950g, Progress report
number 4, 1 November 194-9 to 31 March 1950, Marine
Life Research Program: 28 p., 14 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951a, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 11 - Jan. 31 to Feb. 19, 1950.
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 11, iv, 58 p., 4 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951h, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 12 - March 2 to March 17, 1950,
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 12, iv, 55 P-> 4 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951c, Physical and che-
mical date Cruise 13 - April 4 to April 17, 1950.
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 13, iv, 6l p., 4 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951d, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 14 - May 3 to May 18, 1951-
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 14, v., 66 p., 5 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951e, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 15 - June 6 to June 23, 1950.
Marine Life Research Program: Physical and chemical
data rept. 15, v., 53 P-» 5 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951f , Physical and

chemical data Cruise - 16 July 6 to July 24, 1950. Ma-
rine Life Research Program: physical and chemical
data rept. l6, v., 70 p., 5 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951g, Acoustic oceano-
graphy. Progress report December 15, 1949 - June 30,
1951: SIO ref. 51-10, l4p., illus.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951h, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 17 - 5-19 August 1950. Marine
Life Research Program: Ref. 51-32, 44 p., 12 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951i> Physical and

chemical data Cruise l8 - 6-22 September 1950. Marine
Life Research Program: physical and chemical data rept.
18, 65 p., 5 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951 j, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 19. October 11 to October 20,
1950. Marine Life Research Program: Physical and
chemical data rept. 19, 93 P-, 8 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951K, Physical and

chemical data, Cruise 19 appendix. October 11, to
October 20, 1950. Marine Life Research Program: Ref.
51-29, 31 p.

Scripps institution of Oceanography, 1951L, Physical and

chemical data Cruise 20. 9-28 November 1950. Marine
Life Research Program: Ref. 51-47, 74 p., 8 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951m, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 21. 9-29 January 1951- Marine
Life Research Program: Ref. 51-55, 63 p., 5 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951n, Preliminary

report of temperature and salinity, cruises 15 through
25-6 June 1950 to 16 May 1951. Marine Life Research
Program: Ref. 51-H, vi., 10 p., incl. figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951°, Preliminary

report of temperature, salinity, and current measurements,
cruises 24 through 27-2 April 1951 to 20 July 1951.
Marine Life Research Program: Ref. 51-30, 4 p., figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951p, Preliminary
report of temperature and salinity, Cruises 28 and
29-31 July 1951 to 13 September 1951. Marine Life
Research Program: Ref. 51-38, 2 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951Q, Preliminary
report of temperature and salinity, Cruise 30 - 26
September 1951 to 8 October 1951. Marine Life Research
Program: Ref. 51-50, 2 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1951r, Preliminary
report of temperature, salinity and current measure-
ments, Cruise 31-30. October 1951 to 12 November
1951. Marine Life Research Program Ref. 51-52, 3 P-,
figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952a, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 22 - 6-25 February 1951- Marine
Life Research Program: Ref. 52-6, 49 p., 5 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952b, Physical and

chemical data Cruise 23 - 8-23 March 1951- Marine Life
Research Program: Ref. 52-9, 67 p., 5 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952c, Preliminary

report of temperature, salinity, and current measure-
ments, Cruise 32 - 25 November to 9 December 1951-
Marine Life Research Program: Ref. 52-1, 3 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952d, Preliminary

report of temperature, salinity, and current measure-
ments, Cruise 33, 8-28 January 1952. Marine Life
Research Program: Ref. 52-7, 3 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952e, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 34 - 6-23 February 1952. Marine
Life Research Program: Ref. 52-24, 76 p., 9 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952f, Physical and
chemical data Cruise 34 - 6-23 February 1952. Marine
Life Research Program: Ref. 52-36, 96 p., 16 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952g, Physical and
chemical data, Cruise 36 - 2-28 April 1952. Marine
Life Research Program: Ref. 52-37, 94 p., 8 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952h, Progress report,
July - September 1952: Ref. 52-67, 10 p., 9 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952i, Quarterly

progress report no. 11, January - March 1952: U. S.
Army, Corps: of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board Bull.,
v. 6, no. 4, p. 14-18; Quarterly Progress report no.
12, April - June 1952, ibid, p. 18-26.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953a, Semi-annual
progress report: Ref. 53-11, 7 p., 4 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953h, Quarterly

progress report, October - December 1952: Ref. 53-18,
10 p., 6 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953c, Quarterly

progress report no. 13, July - September 1952: U. S.
Army, Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board Bull.,
v. 7, no. 1, p. 36-42.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953d, Quarterly

progress report no. 15, January - March 1953: U. S.
Army, Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board Bull.,
v. 7, no. 3, p. 14.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953e, Shipboard report
Capricorn Expedition, 26 September 1952 - 21 February
1953: Ref. 53-15, 60 p., 12 figs.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953f, Progress report
on research sponsored by the Beach Erosion Board:
U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board
Bull., v. 7, no. 4, p. 16.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953g, Quarterly progress
report on oceanographic instrumentation - July - Septem-
ber: SIO ref. 56-66, 11 p., 3 figs.

Sears, C. B., 1876, Principles of tidal harbor improvement
as applied at Wilmington, California: Am. Soc. Civil
Eng. Trans., v. 5, p. 388-426.

46

Special Report 44

Seiwell, H. R., 1950, Problems in statistical analysis of
geophysical time series: Science, v. 112, no. 2905,
p. 243-246.

Severy, H. W., 1923, The occurrence of copper and zinc in
certain marine animals: Jour. Biological Chemistry,
v. 55, P. 79-92.

Shaler, N. S., 1892, The story of our continent: Boston,

Ginn and Co. *
Shaler, N. S., 1894, Sea and land; features of coasts and

oceans with special reference to the life of man:

New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 252 p. *
Shaler, N. S., 1895, Evidences as to change of sealevel:

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 6, p. l4l-l66.
Shaler, N. S., 1896, The share of volcanic dust and pumice

in marine deposits: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 7,

p. 490-492.

Shalevetz, S., 1952, World news on mineral occurrences -
California: Rocks and Minerals: v. 27, p. 138.
(Catalina Island).

Shalowitz, A. L., 1951, Cartography in the submerged lands
oil cases: U. S. Coast and Geod. Survey Jour., no. 4,
p. 68-78.

Shalowitz, A. L., 1953, The concept of a bay as inland
waters: Surveying and Mapping, v. 13, p. 1*32-1+1+0.

Shaw, p. A. and Towers, C. L., 1937, Water Pollution problems
in California: Calif. Fish and Game. v. 23, p. 262-285.

Shepard, F. P., 1931, Recent information concerning submarine
valleys: Natl. Research Council, Div. Geology and

Geography, Rept. Comm. Submarine configuration and

Oceanic Circulation, April 25, app. V of ann. rept. of

div., p. 88-93.
Shepard, F. P., 1932, Sediments of the continental shelves:

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 1+3, p. 1017-1040; proc.

for 1931, p. 126 (abs.); Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 57,

p. 58-59 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1933a, Canyons beneath the seas: Sci.

Monthly, v. 37, p. 31-39-
Shepard, F. P., 1933h, Investigations of submarine valleys:

Am. Geophys. Union Trans., l4th ann. meet., p. 170-173.
Shepard, F. P., 1933c, Submarine valleys: Geog. Rev., v. 23,

p. 77-89.
Shepard, F. P., 1934a, Investigation of California submarine

canyons: Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc. for 1933, v.

1+5, p. 107-108 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1934b, American submarine canyons: Scottish

Geog. Mag., v. 50, p. 212-218, 2 pis.
Shepard, F. P., 1934c, Detailed surveys of submarine canyons:

Science, v. 80, no. 2079, p. 410-411.
Shepard, F. P. , 1935a, Explorations of California submarine

canyons: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., l6th ann. meet.,

p. 245-246; Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc. for I93I+,

v. 1+6, p. 106-107 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1935b, Submarine canyons of the American coasts:

Zeitschr. fur Geomorphologie , band 9, p. 99-IO5.
Shepard, F. P., 1935c, Exact configuration of two California

submarine canyons: Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc. for

1934, v. 1+6, p. 106-107 (abs.).

Shepard, F. P., 1935d, Gravel cusps of the California Coast

related to tides: Science, v. 82, no. 2124, p. 251-253.
Shepard, F. P., 1935e, Geological mapping of the ocean bottom:

Science, v. 82, no. 2139, P. 61I+-615.
Shepard, F. P., 1936a, Undertow, rip tide or "rip current:"

Science, v. 84, p. l8l-l82.
Shepard, F. P., 1936b, The submarine canyons; Harvard Univ.

Alumni Bull., June 5, p. 1126-1128. »
Shepard, F. P., 1936c, Changes of sea level as the cause of

submarine canyons: Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc. for

1935, v. 1+7, p. 101+ (abs.).

Shepard, F. P., 1936d, New discoveries from the California

submarine canyons: Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc.

for 1935, v. 1+7, p. 101+-105 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1936e, Northward continuation of the San

Andreas fault: Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc. for

1935, v. 1+7, p. 105 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1936f, Continued exploration of California

submarine canyons: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., 17th

ann. meet., p. 221-223.
Shepard, F. P., 1936g, The underlying causes of submarine

canyons: Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc, v. 22, p. 1+96-502;

Science, v. 83, no. 2l60, p. 1+81+ (abs.).

Shepard, F. P., 1936h, Submerged valleys on continental

slopes and changes in sea level: Science, v. 83, no.

2165, p. 620-621.
Shepard, F. P., 1937a, Shifting bottom in submarine canyon

heads: Science, v. 86, no. 221+0, p. 522-523.
Shepard, F. P., 1937b, Daly's submarine canyon hypothesis:

Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 33, p. 369-379.
Shepard, F. P., 1937c, Discussion of P. D. Krynine's

"Pleistocene glaciation of Siberia:" Am. Jour. Sci.,

5th ser., v. 3I+, p. 399-I+OO.
Shepard, F. P., 1937d, Horizontal shift faulting off Punta

Gorda, California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc. for

1936, v. 1+8, p. 101 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1937e, Salt domes related to the Mississippi

submarine trough: Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc. for

1936, v. 1+8, p. 101-102 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1937f, Sediments off the California Coast:

Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 21, p. l6ll+

(abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1937g, Investigation of submarine topography

during the past year: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., l8th

ann. meet., p. 226-228.
Shepard, F. P., 1938a, The enigma of the submarine canyons:

Sci. Am., v. 159, p. 130-132.
Shepard, F. P., 1938b, Investigations in submarine geology

off the California Coast: Geol. Soc. America Bull.,

proc. for 1937, v. 1+9, p. lll+ (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1938c, Changing depths in submarine canyon

heads-: Geol. Soc. America Bull., proc. for 1937, v. 1+9,

p. 252 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1938d, San Clemente submarine fault: Geol.

Soc. America Bull., proc. for 1937, v. 1+9, p. 252 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1938e, California submarine canyons: Geol.

Soc. America Bull., v. 1+9, p. 1900 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1938f, Submarine canyons off the California

Coast: Calif. Jour. Mines and Geology, 34th Rept.

State Mineralogist, p. 298-310.
Shepard, F. P., 1938g, Beach cusps and tides: a discussion:

Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 35, p. 309-310.
Shepard, F. P., 1938h, Classification of marine shorelines:

a reply: Jour. Geology, v. 1+6, p. 996-1006.
Shepard, F. P., 1938i, Structural trends off the California

Coast: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologist Bull., v. 22,

p. 1716 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1939a, Discussion: example of wind-deposition

shoreline: Jour. Geology, v. 1+7, p. 1+36-1+37.
Shepard, F. P., 1939h, Continental shelf sediments, in Trask,

P. D., Recent marine sediments, symposium pub. by Am.

Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Okla., p. 219-229.
Shepard, F. P., 1939c, Depth change in submarine canyon heads:

Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 50, p. 1933 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1939<1, Nondepositional surfaces off the Cal-
ifornia Coast: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 50, p. 1959

(abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1939e, Tectonic development off the California

Coast: Oil Weekly, v. 93, no. 3, March 27, p. 69 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1940a, Nondepositional environments off the

California Coast; Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 30,

p. 1+86 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 19l+0b, The California sea floor in relation

to former lowered sea levels: Sixth Pacific Sci. Cong.

Proc, v. 2, p. 851-852.
Shepard, F. P., 191+Oc, Continental shelf sediments: Pan

Am. Geologist, v. 73, p. 21-28.
Shepard, F. P., 1940d, Submarine geology and geophysics:

Nature, v. ll+6, p. 1+31.
Shepard, F. P., 1940e, Submarine geology and geophysics:

Nature, v. ll+6, no. 3700, p. I+3I-V32.
Shepard, F. P., 194la, Nondepositional physiographic environ-
ments off the California Coast: Geol. Soc. America

Bull., v. 52, p. 1869-1886.
Shepard, F. P., 194lb, Submarine relief of the Gulf of Calif-
ornia: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 52, p. 1933-1931+

(abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 194lc, Hypothetical submarine valleys: Geol.

Soc. America Bull., v. 52, p. 13I+ (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1942a, Further discussion of the term "low

and ball:" Jour. Geology, v. 50, p. 216-217.
Shepard, F. p., 1942b, Structures in prolongation of the San

Andreas fault zone: Geol. Soc America Bull., v. 53,

p. 1821-1822 (abs.).
Shepard, F. P., 1942c, Oceanographic investigations of sub-
marine canyons: Tulsa Geol. Soc. Digest, v. 10 (1941-42)

p. 43-44 (abs.). *
Shepard, F. P., 1943a, Imaginary submarine canyons: Science,

v. 98, no. 2540, p. 208-209.

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48

Special Report 44

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50

Special Report 44

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52

Special Report 44

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54

Special Report 44

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continuation of the San Onofre Breccia: Univ. Calif.

Pub. Geology, v. 17, p. 187-191-

Woodring, W. P., 1930, Warm-water faunas of the so-called
Pliocene of San Pedro, California: Geol. Soc. America
Bull., proc. for 1929, v. 1+1, p. 211-212 (abs.).

Woodring, W. P., 1935, Fossils from the marine Pleistocene
terraces of the San Pedro Hills, California; Am. Jour.
Sci., 5th ser., v. 29, p. 292-305.

Woodring, W. P., 1938a, Lower Pliocene mollusks and echinoids

from the Los Angeles Basin, California, and their inferred
environment: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 190, 67 p.,
9 Pis-

Woodring, W. P., 1938b, Pliocene and Pleistocene deformation

in the California Coast Ranges: Geol. Soc. America Bull.,
proc. for 1937, v. 1+9, p. 121 (abs.).

Woodring, W. P., 19^+7, Marine terrace deposits of mountainous
coasts: Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 37, p. 376.

Woodring, W. P., 1952, Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary in Cal-
ifornia Coast Ranges: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 250, p. 1+01-1+10.

Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Kew, W. S. W. , 191+6,
Geology and paleontology of Palos Verdes Hills, Calif-
ornia: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 207, l*+5 P. *

Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Kleinpell, R. M.,
1936, Miocene stratigraphy and paleontology of the
Palos Verdes Hills, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 20, p. 125-11+9.

Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Lohman, K. E., 19^3,
Stratigraphy and paleontology of Santa Maria district,
California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,
v. 27, p. 1335-1360.

Woodring, W. P., and Kew, W. S. W., 1932, Tertiary and Pleis-
tocene deposits of the San Pedro Hills, California:
Wash. Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 22, p. 39-1+0 (abs.).

Woodson, J. B., 19^1> California County preserves ocean front.
Purchases beaches, lake and island to protect beauty
spots shoreward of new coastal highway: Shore and
Beach, v. 9> P- 2l+, 2 photos on cover. Reprinted from
Calif. Highways and Public Works, July 19U0.

58

Special Report 44

Woollard, G. P., 19^9 » Gravity anamalies and the nature of

the earth's crust: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 30,
p. 189-201.

Woollard, G. P., 1951, Report of the special committee on
the geophysical and geological study of continents,

1950-1951: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 32, p. 6§1+-
6kJ.

Wooster, W. S., 1950, Methods in chemical oceanography em-
ployed in the California Cooperative Sardine Research
Program: Scripps Inst. Oceanography, tech. rept. 25,
22 p., 8 figs.

Wooster, W. S., 1951, Operation Northern Holiday, August -
September 1951; preliminary report: Scripps Inst.
Oceanography, SIO ref. 'jl-kS, 1*+ p., diagrams.

Wooster, W. S., 1952, Shellback Expedition, 17 May to 27
August 1952: Scripps Inst. Oceanography, SIO ref.
52-63, lk p., 8 figs.

Worts, G. F., Jr., and Others, 1951, Geology and ground-
water resources of the Santa Maria Valley area, Santa
Barbara County, California: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-
Supply Paper 1000, 169 p., 6 pis., 9 figs., l6 tables.

Wrath, W. F., 1936, Marine sedimentation around Catalina

and San Clemente Islands: M. S. thesis, Univ. Illinois,
31 p. *

Wright, R., 1937, Magnetic iron sulphide of Pliocene of

Ventura Basin, California: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geol-
ogists Bull., v. 21, p. 627-629.

Wyman, R. H., 1878, Meteorological charts of the North Pacific
Ocean from the equator to latitude 1+5° north and from
the American Coast to the l8oth meridian: giving informa-
tion regarding winds, calms, fog, rain, squalls, weather,
barometer, and temperature of the air and of sea water
at the surface; all for every five degrees square, and
for each month: U. S. Hydrog. Office, k p., 15 charts.

Yale, C. G., 1879, Pacific Coast harbors. A description of
the harbors, landings, roadsteads and routes on the
coastline of California, Oregon and Washington: San
Francisco, ii, 1+3 P- + chart.

Yale, C. G., 1913, Beach mining in California and Oregon:
Mineral Res. U. S., 1912, p. 253-251*.

Yates, L. G. , 1889, Preliminary notes on the geology of the

Anacapas: West Am. Sci., v. 6, p. 155-156.
Yates, L. G., 1890a, Notes on the geology and scenery of the

islands forming the southerly line of the Santa Barbara

Channel: Am. Geologist, v. 5, p. 1+3-52 incl. sketches.
Yates, L. G. , 1890b, Stray notes on the geology of the Channel

Islands: Calif. State Min. Bur., 9th Ann. Rept. State

Mineralogist, p. 171-171+.
Yates, L. G., 1896c, The mollusca of the Channel Islands of

California: Calif. State Min. Bur., 9th Ann. Rept.,

State Mineralogist, p. 175-178.
Yates, L. G. , l890d, Insular floras; Calif. State Min. Bur.,

9th Ann. Rept., State Mineralogists, p. 179-188.
Yates, L. G. , 1892, Peculiar geologic processes on the Channel

Islands of California: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 3,

p. 133 (abs.).
Yates, L. G., 1902, Prehistoric California, its topography,

flora and fauna - with the evidence of the time of the

advent of man, and his development, from the records of

his past found in the soil: Southern Calif. Acad. Sci.

Bull., v. 1, p. 81-86, pis. 1-3 and continued in later

numbers .

Yoshida, K. and Mao, H-L., 1951*, Upwelling off the California
Coast: Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 35, p. 377 (abs.).

Young, A. A., 19^5, Evaporation investigations in southern
California: U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Soil Conservation
Service, Div. Irrigation, 188 p. *

Young, A. A., 19^7a, Evaporation from water surfaces in

California; a summary of pan records and coefficients
l88l to 191+6: Calif. Div. Water Res. Bull. 5I+, pt. I,
68 p., 1+ figs., 17 tables.

Young, A. A., 19l+7b, Some recent evaporation investigations:
Am. Geophys. Union Trans., v. 28, p. 279-281+.

Young, R. T., Jr., 1939, Measurements on the transparency of
sea -water off the coast of southern California: Jour.

Marine Research, v. 2, p. 117-125.

Young, R. T., 19^3, A note on some laboratory measurements

of the transparency of sea water: Jour. Marine Research,
v. 5, p. 111-115-

Young, R. T., and Gordon, R. D., 1939, Report on the penetra-
tion of light in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of
southern California: Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull.,
tech. ser., v. k, p. 197-218.

Young, W. R., 1929, Report on salt water barrier below con-
fluence of Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, California;
Calif. Div. Water Res. Bull. 22. *

Zander, G. , and Gleason, G. B., 19^7, South coastal basin

investigation-overdraft on ground water basins: Calif.
Div. Water Res. Bull. 53, 256 p.

ZoBell, C. E., 1933, Photochemical nitrification in sea water;
Science, v. 77, no. I98U, p. 27-28.

ZoBell, C. E., 1935, Some preliminary observations on oxidatior
reduction conditions in marine bottom deposits in the
Gulf of Catalina: Natl. Research Council Bull. 98, Rept.
Comm. Sedimentation, 1932-1931+, p. 223-221+.

ZoBell, C. E., 1936, Oxidation-reduction conditions in marine
sediments with particular reference to o/R potentials,
oxygen deficit and bacteria: Assoc. d'Oceanographie
Physique, Edinburgh, p. 57-58; * Assoc. d'Oceanographique
Union Geodesique et Geophysique Internat. Proces-Verbaux
no. 2 (1937), p. 159-160.

ZoBell, C. E., 1938, Studies on the bacterial flora of marine
bottom sediments: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 8, p. 10-18.

ZoBell, C. E., 1939, Occurrence and activity of bacteria in

marine sediments, in Trask, P. D. , Recent marine sediments
Symposium, pub. by Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa,
Oklai, p. 1+16-1+27.

ZoBell, C. E., 19^1, The culture requirements of hetero-
trophic aerobes: Jour. Mar. Res., v. 1+, p. 1+2-75-

ZoBell, C. E., 19l+2a, Bacteria of the marine world; Sci.
Monthly, v. 55, p. 320-330.

ZoBell, C. E., 19l+2b, Changes produced by microorganisms in sec
intents after deposition: Jour. Sed. Pet., v. 12, p. 127-1;

ZoBell, C. E., 19^+20, Microorganisms in marine air: Am.
Assoc. Adv. Sci., pub. 17, p. 55-68.

ZoBell, C. E., 19^3, Influence of bacterial activity on source
sediment. A contribution from API Research Project 1+3A:
Annual report of progress - Fundamental Research on
Petroleum, I9I+3, Am. Petroleum Inst., p. 105-113; Oil
Weekly, v. 109, April 26, 19I+3, p. 1-12.

ZoBell, C. E., 19^, Review of scope and accomplishments on
API Research Project 1+3A. "Transformation of organic
material into petroleum-bacteriological and sedimentation
phases:" Ann. Rept. Progress Fundamental Research on
Occurrence and Recovery of Petroleum, 19*+3, Am. Petro-
leum Inst., p. 103-101+.

ZoBell, C. E., 19l+6a, Marine microbiology. A monograph on

hydrobacteriology: Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica Co.y
xiv, 21+0 p. *

ZoBell, C. E., 19k6b, Studies on redox potential of marine
sediments: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,
p. 1+77-513; Rept. Progress - Fundamental Research on
Occurrance and Recovery of Petroleum, 19M+-191+5, Am.
Petroleum Inst., p. 79-98.

ZoBell, C. E., 19^-19^7, Biennial report for 19I+5-I9I+7 on

API research Project 1+3A. Bacteriological and sedimenta-
tion phase of the Transformation of organic material into
petroleum: Fundamental Research on Occurrance and
Recovery of Petroleum, I9I+6-19I+7, Am. Petroleum Inst.,
1-11+.

ZoBell, C. E., 19^7a, To what depths are bacteria active in
marine bottom deposits: Fourth Internat. Cong, for
Microbiology, Copenhagen, p. 1+53-

ZoBell, C. E., 19^7b, Bacterial release of oil from oil-bearinf
materials: World Oil, Aug. 25, and Sept. 1, 19 p.

ZoBell, C. E., 19^7c, Marine bacteriology: Ann. Rev. Biochemie
p. 565-586.

ZoBell, C. E., 19k7&, Microbial transformation of molecular
hydrogen in marine sediments, with particular reference
to petroleum: Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull.,
v. 31, P. 1709-1751.

ZoBell, C. E., 19^9, Biennial report for 191+5-191+7 on A.P.I.
Research Project 1+3A. Bacterialogical and sedimentation
phases of the transformation of organic material into
petroleum: Rept. Progress - Fundamental Research on
Occurrance and Recovery of Petroleum, I9I+6-I9I+7, Am.
Petroleum Inst., p. 100-106.

30,

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

59

ZoBell, C. E., 1950, Bacterial activities and the origin of
oil: World Oil, v. 130, June,p. 128-138; Rept.
Progress - Fundamental Research on Occurrance and
Recovery of Petroleum, 1950-1951, Am. Petroleum Inst.,
1. 101-114.

ZoBell, C. E., and Anderson, D. Q. , 1936, Vertical distri-
bution of bacteria in marine sediments: Am. Assoc.
Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, p. 258-269.

ZoBell, C. E., and Feltham, C. B., 1934a, Are there specific
marine bacteria? Fifth Pacific Sci. Cong. Proc, v. 3,
p. 2097-2100.

ZoBell, C. E., and Feltham, C. B., 1934b, Preliminary studies
on the distribution and characteristics of marine
bacteria: Scripps Inst. Oceanography Bull., tech. ser.,
v. 3, P. 279-296.

ZoBell, C. E., and Feltham, C. B., 19^2, The bacterial flora
of a marine mud flat as an ecological factor: Ecology,
v. 23, p. 69-78.

ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W., and Haas, H. F., 1943, Marine
microorganisms which oxidize petroleum hydrocarbons:
Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 27, p. 1175-
1193.

ZoBell, C. E., and Mathews, H. M., 1936, A quantitative

study of the bacterial flora of sea and land breezes :
Natl. Acad. Sci. Proc. v. 22, p. 567-572.

ZoBell, C. E., and Rittenberg, S. C., 1938, The occurrence
and characteristics of chitinoclastic bacteria in the
sea: Jour. Bacteriology, v. 35, P- 275-287;

Zodac, P., 1952, The sand collector - Beach sand from Cata-
lina Island: Rocks and Minerals, v. 27, p. 280, 284.

60

Special Report 44
INDEX

Abrasion of sediments and Rocks (See also: Shape and Raund-

ness of Said, Gravel, Rocks etc.): Anderson, G. E.,
1926; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W., 1951b; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1950; Johnson, J. W., 1952; Krumbein, W. C,
1950; Mason, M. A., 1942; Nicholson, G. F. , Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C., 1946;
Schaufele H- J-, 1951; Uchupi, E., 1954

Absorption (See also: Extinction Coefficient, Light, Trans-
parency, Turbid Water) : California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1950; Richardson, B., 1934
(absorption coefficient); ZoBell, C. E., 1936
(Op absorption)

Abyssal: Agassiz, A., 1905; Belknap, G. E., 1874a (tables
of bottom samples), 1874b; Carsola, A. J. and
Dietz, R. S., 1952; Clark, A. H., 19l4; Davidson,
G., 1875b, 1897; Dietz, R. S., 1952a, 1954; Dietz,
R. S., Menard, H. W. and Hamilton, E. L., 1952;
Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1954a, 1954b;
Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952; Evans, R.
D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938; Fleming;
J. A., Sverdrup, H. U. , Ennis, C. C, Seaton,
S. L. and Hendrix, W. C, 1945; Fox, D. L., Upde-
graff, D. M. and Novell!, G. D., 1944; Galliher,

E. W., 1935a; Goes, A., 1896; Graham, H. W. and
Moberg, E. G., 1944; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Heck, N. H., 1924;
Holway, R. S., 1905; Jeffreys, H., 1934; Koczy,

F. F., 1954; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1946; Murray, J. and
Lee, G. V., 1909; Piggot, C. S., 1932; Piggot, C.
S. and Urry, W. D., 1942; Revelle, R., 1935,
1936, 1937a, 193Tb; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P-, 1939b; Scripps Institution and Oceanography,
1950e; Shepard, F. P., 1937f, 19^1a, 1949d, 1950a,
1951e; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S.
and Emery, K. 0., 1938; Shepherd, E. S., 1940,
1946; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Tanner, Z. L., 1892b,
1894; Trask, P. D. and Hammar, H. E., 1931; Urry,
W. D., 1948; Urry, W. D. and Piggot, C. S., 1942;
Vaughan, T. W., 1940; White, D., 19H; Woollard,

G. P., 1951; ZoBell, C. E., 19^2a

Accretion, Aggradation, Progradation (See also: Sedimenta-
tion): Anonymous, 19l6a, 1935, 1938a; Beach
Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948b, 1948h, 1948i, 1948j,
1949a, 1951, 1952a, 1953a, 1953c; California,
University of, 1952a; Carpenter, F. A., 1924;
Congressional Documents, 1938a, 1940a, 1942b,
1942c, 1949a, 1949b, 19^9d, 1949f, 19^9-50b,
1953b; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Dietz, R. S., 1947b;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1942; Dunham, J. W. , 1951; Eaton, R. 0., 1951;
Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950 (accretion in
nodule formation); Goldberg, J., 1940; Grant, U.
S., 1938, 1948; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P.,
1940; Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Hall, J. V., Jr.,
1952; Hall, W. C, 1942; Handin, J. W. , 1949,
1951; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1949;
Hawgood, H., 19l4; Horton, D. F. , 1948; Hunter,
R. C, 1946; Inman, D. L., 19^9, 1953a; Johnson,
A. G., 1935, 1940c, 1951; Johnson, J. W., 1948b,
1948d; Krumbein, W. C. and Ohsiak, L. E., 1950;
Lapsley, W. W., 1937; Larsen, G. P., 1942b; Leeds,
C. T., 1916, 1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni, V. A.
and Knapp, R. T. 1934; Leypoldt, H., 194lb;
Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Los Angeles County
Regional Planning Commission, 1940; Marlette, J.
W. , 1954; Mason, M. A., 1949a) McAfee, CM.,
Jr., 1939; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S. ,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; O'Brien,
M. P., 1936a, 1939, 1947b; Orange County Planning
Commission, 194l; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Peel,
K. P., 1951; Place, J. L., 1952; Postel, A. C,
1937, 1939; Putnam, W. C, 1938; Richardson, R. W. ,
1923; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Sears, C. B. , 1876J
Shepard, F. P., 1938a, 1948b, 1950c; Shuler, W. R.,
1951, 1952; Smith, W. D., 1930; Somers, P., 1952;

Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Symons, T. W., 1893; Trask
P. D., and Scott, T., 1954; U. S. Waterways Experimi
Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1935, 1936; Verrii:
G. E., 1930

Aavection, including Advection currents: McEwen, G. F., 1950;
Robinson, M. K. , 1951; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 19521

Aeration (See also: Bacteria, Eh, Oxidizing or Aerobic Envir-
oment, Oxygen): Hinde, H. P., 1952; Stevenson, R.
E., 1954

Algae, Kelp, Sea Weed (See also: Diatoms, Dinoflagellates,
Phytoplankton, Plankton, Vegetation):
Anonymous, 1940d, 194lb; Allen, W. E., 1920,
1940b; Andrews, H. L., 1945; Bascom, W. N., 1950b;
Branner, J. c., 1900, 1913; Brongersma-Sanders, M.,
1948; California Bureau of Sanitary Engineering,
1952; Coe, W. R., 1932, 1945, 1947, 1948; Coe,
W. R., and Allen, W. E., 1937; Coe, W. R. and
Fox, D. L., 1942; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congression-
al Documents, 1940a; Couch, E. B., 1915; Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Crowell, J. C,
1952; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Davidson, G., 1856,
1864; Dawson, E. Y., 1946, 1950, 1951, 1952;
Emery, K. 0., 1944, 1946b, 1948, 1950d, 1952b,
1954a, 1954e; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H.,
1941; Erickson, C. E., 1952, 1953; Evans, R. D.,
Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G-, 1938; Fewkes, J. W.,
1889; Fox, D. L., 1937, 1944b, 1950; Fox, D. L.,
and Anderson, L. J., 194l; Fox, D. L., Updegraff,
D. M. and Novelli, G. D. , 1944; Fox, L. S., 1930;
Fraser, C. McL., 1943; Gee, H., 1932; Gislen, T.,
1943, 1944; Gorgy, S., Rakestraw, N. W. and Fox,
D. L., 1948; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Graham, H. W.,
1934; Haase, L. G., I926; Hanna, G. D. , 1952;
Herold, C. L., 1934; Hewatt, w. G., 1934; Hinde,
H. P., 1952; Johnson, D. W., 1910; Johnson, M. W.,
Everest, F. A. and Young, R. W., 1947; Kemnitzer,
L. E., 1933; Knox, R. W., 1953; McConnaughey, B.
H. and Fox, D. L., 1949; McEwen, G. F., 1935a;
MacGinitie, G. E., 1935; Martin, L. T., 1930;
Menard, H. W. , Dill, R. F. , Hamilton, E. L., Moore,
D. G., Silverman, M. and Stewart, H. B., 1954;
Michael, E. L., 1921; Munk, W. H., 1950; Nelson,
R. N., and Schenck, H. G., 1928; Nicholls, C. P.
L-, 1939; Norris, R. M. , 1952; O'Brien, M. P.,
1939; Pei, C, 1929; Purer, E. A., 1942; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Richardson, R. W.,
1923; RItter, W. E., 1902; Rothwell, W. T., Jr.,
1944; San Diego Regional Water Pollution Control
Board, 1952; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953e; Shepard, p. P., 194la, 1947a, 1948b, 1948c,
1949b, 1950c, 1950g, 1951a, 1951d, 1953; Shepard
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1945; Shepard, F. P. and
Grant, U. S., 1947; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Silva,
P. C, 1948; Smith, A. G. and MacKenzie, G. , Jr.,
1948; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Taylor, C. V., and
Vaughan, T. W., 1934; Thompson, W. C, 1949; Todd,

D. K. and Wiegel, R. L., 1952; Topp, E. P., 1929;
Trask, P. D., 1934, 1939; Trask, P. D. and Scott,
T., 1954; U. S. Hydrographic Office, 1875; Vaughan,
T. W., 1940; White, D., 1911; Wright, R. , 1937;
ZoBell, C. E., 1939, l^l, 1942b, 1942c, 1946-1947,
1947c, 1947d; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B. ,
1942

Algae, Calcareous: Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 1941;

Nelson, R. N. and Schenck, H. G. , 1928; Vaughan,

T. W., 1940
Alluvium: Shepard, F. P., 1948d (in submarine canyon)
Aluminum: Anonymous, 1954m; Galliher, E. W. , 1935a, 1935c;

Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Lipman, C. B., 1929;

Revelle, R., 1935, 1937a, 1937b; Revelle, R. and

Emery, K. 0., 1951; Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938;

Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932;

ZoBell, C. E., 1939, 1942b
Angle of Repose: McKee, E. D., 1953
Ammonia, Ammonium (See also: Gases, Nitrogen): Ahlstrom,

E. H., 1950; Brongersma-Sanders, M. , 1948;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

61

1942; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1946b;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Fox, D.
L., 1950; Galliher, E. W., 1933; Gee, H., 1932;
McEwen, G. F. , 1934a; Michael, E. L., 1921; Moberg,
E. G., 1925, 1928c, 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Flem-
ing, R. H., 1934; Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy, 1953e; Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1940e; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J.,
1932; Trask, P. D., 1934, 1939; Vaughan, T. W. ,
1936; ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1939, 19M, 1942a, 19^b,
1946-1947, 1947c, 19^Td, 1950; ZoBell, C. E. and
Feltham, C. B., 1942; ZoBell, C. E. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1938

Anaerobic - see Bacteria, Reducing or Anaerobic Environment

Andesite (See also: Igneous Rock, Rock): Boos, M. F., 1940;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Chesterman, C. W., 1952;
Clements, T. and Dana, S. W., 1944; Emery, K. 0.,
191*8; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 194l, 1945;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Shepard, F. P., 1941a ;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Shumway,
G. A., 1953; Uchupi, E. 1954

Andesite Line: Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952

Animal Trails, Tracks, Holes etc. (deep sea). (See also:

Minor Surface Features of Sediments): Emery, K. 0.,
1952b, 1953b

Anticline: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Dietz, R. S., 1947b; Emery,
K. 0., 1948; Fox, L. S., 1930; Moore, D. G., 1951;
Morgan, F. A., 1930; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936c;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Skeats, E.
M., 1923; Stormant, D. H., 1954b

Antimony: Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Vaughan,
T. W., 1933

Aplte (See also: Igneous rock, Rock): Butcher, W. S. , 1951a

Aragonite (See also: Mineralogy): Bandy, 0. L., 1954; Low-
enstam, H. A., 1954

Argon: Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell, C E., 1951b

Arsenic: Gorgy, S., Rakestraw, N. W. and Fox, D. L., 1948;
McEwen, G. F. and Staff, 1948; Moberg, E. G. and
Harding, M. W., 1933; Revelle, R. and Emery, K.
0., 1951; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J.,
1932; Trask, P. D., 1939; Vaughan, T. W., 1933

Artificial Beach Nourishment: Anonymous, 1938a, 1940d, 194lb;
Beach Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948a, 1948h, 1948i,
1948j, 1949a, 1950b, 1952f, 1953c, 1954a, 1954c;
Butler, M. M. , 1936; Congressional Documents, 1938a,
1940a, I940e, I940f, 1941, 1942b, 1943, 1949f,
1953a, 1953b; Cram, C. M., 1931; Eaton, R. 0.,
1951; Friedman, S. L., 1949; Gee, H. C, 1938;
Hall, J. v., Jr., 1952; Hall, W. C, 1942; Handin,
J. W., 1949, 1951; Hannum, W. T. , 1947; Horton,
D. F., 1948; Hunter, R. C, 1946; Johnson, A. G. ,
1935, 1940c, 1951; Kenyon, E. C, Jr., 1951; Leeds,
C. T., 1936; Leypoldt, H., 194lb; Livingston, A.,
Jr., 1937; Los Angeles County Regional Planning
Commission, 1940; Mason, M. A., 1948; McAfee, C.
M., Jr., 1939; Merriam, P. D., 1949; Nicholson,
G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1939; Orange
County Planning Commission, 194l; Page, G. B.,
1950 ; Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952

Ash (See also: Pumice, Rock, Volcanic rock): Cohee, G. V.,
1938

Asphaltum - see Petroleum

Attached Organisms - see Fouling

Auriferous Beach Sands (See also: Beach Placers, Black Sands,
Gold, mineralogy): Anonymous, 1884, 1894a, l894b,
1906b; Averill, C. V., 194l; Averill, C. V. and
others, 1946; Blake, W. P., 1854; California Miners'
Association, 1899; Chase, A. W., 1875; Day, D. T.,
1899, 1900, 1907a, 1907b; Day, D. T. and Richards,
R. H., 1906; DeGroot, H., I89O; Diller, J. S., 1896,
1901, 1903; Edman, J. A., 1894, 1906; Goodyear,
W. A., 1873; Griggs, A. B., 1945; Haase, L. G.,
1926; Hornor, R. R., 1918; Irelan, W. , Jr., 189O;
Irvine, CD., 1908; Kemp, J. F., 1902; Lakes, A.,
1899, 1903a, 1903b; Lang, H., 19 16; Logan, C. A.,
1919; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Paul, A. B., 1894;
Raymond, R. W. , 1880; Stephenson, E. L., 1945;
Twenhofel, W. H., 1943; Washburne, C. W. , 1904;
Yale, C. G., 1913

Authigenic Minerals (See also: Diagenesis, various authigenic
minerals): Beach Erosion Board, 1953c; Butcher,
W. S., 1951a; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S.,
1952; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dietz, R. S. and Emery,
K. 0., 1938a, 1938b; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery,

K. 0., 1947b and 1947c (authigenic sands), 1948,
1952a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Ritten-
berg, S. C, 1952; Galliher, E. W. , 1932b, 1933,
1935a, 1935b, 1935c, 1937; Goldberg, E. D., 1954;
Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S., and Bradley, W. F.,
1949; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Inman, D. L., 1950;
Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Norris, R. M. , 1951;
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepard, F. P.
and Emery, K. 0., 1945; Shumway, G- A., 1953;
Strahov, N. M. , 1953; Uchupi, E. , 1954

Backswash - see Swash and Backswash; Swash Marks
Bacteria (See also: Aeration, Eh, Oxidizing or Aerobic En-
vironment, Reducing or Anaerobic Environment,
other factors influencing or influenced by bacter-
ial action): Anonymous, 1944b; Bartholomew, J. W.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1949; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1950, 1951a, 1951b; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
and Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University,
1951; California Bureau of Engineering, 1952;
California Department Public Health, 1951; Coe, W.
R. 1945, 1947, 1948; Coe, W. R. and Fox, D. L.,
1942, 1944; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1942; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0.,
1952b; Emery, K. 0., and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952;
Ewing, G. C, 1950a, 1950c; Fox, D. L., 1937, 1944a,
1944b, 1950; Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L. J., 194l;
Fox, D. L. and Coe, W. R., 1943; Fox, D. L., Isaacs,
J. D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Fox, D. L., Upde-
graff, D. M., and Novelli, G. D., 1944;
Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935a, 1935c; Gee, H.,
1932; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Hewatt, W. G. , 1934;
Button, W. E. and ZoBell, C. E., 1949; Krumbein,
W. C, 1942; McEwen, G. F. , 1934a; Miller, R. C,
Ramage, W. D. , and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg,
E. G., 1925; Moberg, E. G. and Fleming, R. H.,
1934; Moberg, E. G. , Fleming, R. H., Heusner, K.
andR'velle, R., 1937; Moulton, G. F., 1928;
Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C,
194l j Novelli, G. D., 1943; Rakestraw, h. W.,
Rudd, P. D. and Dole, M., 1951; Revelle, R., 194l,
1950 ; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Rittenberg, S. C, 1940, 194l; San Diego Regional
Water Pollution Control Board, 1952; Sisler, F. D. ,
1949; Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell, C. E. , 1950, 1951a,
1951b; Smith, P. V., 1954; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U., 1937,
1938c, 1938d, 1940e, 1940g; Thayer, L. A., 1937;
Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Topp,
E. P., 1929; Trask, P. D. , 1934, 1936, 1939;
Updegraff, D. M. , 1948; Vaughan, T. W. , 1930b, 1932b,
1933, 1935a, 1935b, 1936; White, D., 1911; Wright,
R., 1937; ZoBell, c E., 1935, 1936, 1937, 1936,
1939, 194l, 1942a, 1942b, 1942c, 1943, 1944, 1946a,
1946b, 1946-1947, 1947a, 1947b, 1947c, 1947d, 1949,
1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q. , 1936;
ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B. , 1934a, 1934b,
1942; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F.,
1943; ZoBell, C. E. and Mathews, H. W. , 1936;
ZoBell, C. E. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1938
Aerobes : California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C. , 1952; Revelle,
R., 1950; Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Rosenfeld, W.
D., 1948; Trask, P. D., 1934; Updegraff, D. M. ,
1948; ZoBell, C. E., 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1942a,
1942b, 1944, 1946b, 1946-1947, 1947b, 1947c, 1947d,
1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q. , 1936, 1942;
ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F., 1943;
ZoBell, C. E. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1938;
Anaerobes: Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Galliher, E. W. , 1933,
1935c; Gee, H., 1932; Hoots, H. W., 1943; Natland,
M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l;
Revelle, R., 1950; Rittenberg, S. C, 1940, 194l;
Rosenfeld, W. D., 1948; Sisler, F. D., 1949;
Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell, C. E., 1950, 1951a, 1951b;

62

Special Report 44

Smitn, P. V., Jr., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940e,
1940g; Thayer, L. A., 1937; Trask, p. D., 1934,
1936; Updegraff, D. M. , 1948; ZoBell, C. E., 1935,
1936, 1938, 1939, 1942a, 1942b, 19l*3, 19^1+ , 1946b,
1946-191+7, 1947b, 1947c, 1947d, 19U9, 195X>; ZoBell,

C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, C. E. and
Feltham, C. B., 1942; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W.
and Hasa, H. F. , 1943; ZoBell, C. E. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1938

Bank (See also: Seamounts, Submarine Mountains, Submarine

Topography): A±den, J. , 1853, l854b; Allen, W. E.,
1927d; Bache, A. D., 1856b, 1864a; Bandy, 0. L.,
1953a; Bucher, W. H., I9I1O; Buffington, E. C,
1951; Butcher, W. S., 1951a, 1951b; Carsola, A. J.,
and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Clements, T. and Dana, S. W.,
1944; Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 191+7; Cocker-
ell, T. D. A., 1938b; Colbert, L. 0., 1939; Corey,
W. H., 1951; Daly, R. A., 1934; Dana, s. w., 1942;
Davidson, G. , 1859, 1864, 1897; Dietz, R., 194l,
1947a, 1952a, 1952b, I95I+; Dietz, R. S. and Emery,
K. 0., 1938a, 1938b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S. and LaFond,

E. C, 1950; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dunham, J. W.,
1951; Dunkle, M. B., 1944, 1950; Eardley, A. J.,
1954; Emery, K. 0., 194la, 19l+7a, 1947b, 1947c,
1948, 1950b, 1952a, 1952b, 1953b, 1954a, 1954b, -
1954d; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz,
R. S., 1950; Emery K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Gorsline,

D. S., 195^; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley,
W. F., 1949; Handin, J. W., 1949; Hinds, N. E. A.,
1952; Holway, R. S., 1905; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N., 1947; Isaacs, J.
D., Schoor, S. and Chinn, A. J., 1947; Kuenen, Ph.
H. 191+7; Lawson, A. C, 1924, 1950; Littlehales,

G. W., 1890; Ludwick, J. C., Jr., 1950; Lukens,
R. R., 1933; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; McEwen, G. F.,
1916; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Menard, H. W. , 1952;
Miller, J. C, 1953; Munk, W. H., and Traylor, M.
A., 191+7; Nicholson, G. F. , Grant, U. S., Shepard,

F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Olsson-Seffer, P.,
1910a; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939a, 1939b, 191+3; Sanchez, P. C, 1934e;
Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1937b,
I938d, I938f, I939d, 191+03, 191+Ob, 191+ia, I9i+7b,
19l+9e, 1950d, 1951b, 1951e, 1952a; Shepard, F. P.
and Emery, K. 0., 194l, 1945; Shuck, 0. T., 1869;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Smith, W. S. T., 1900;
Spencer, J. W. , I89O; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
19l+3b; Tanner, Z. L., 1892a, 1892b; Trask, P. D.,
1931b, 1939; Uchupi, E., 195!+; Wooster, W. S.,

1952

Barite (See also: Authigenic Minerals, Barium, Diagenesis,
Nodules): Emery, K. 0., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1945; Revelle, R. and Emery, K.
0., 1951

Barium (See also: Barite): Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Evans, R.
D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G. , 1938; Revelle,
R-, 1935; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951;
Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Vaughan,
T. W., 1933

Barrier Beach, Barrier Island (See also: Bars, Lagoons, Reefs):
Anonymous, 191+Od; Atwill, E. R., I9I+2 (barrier sand
reefs); Beach Erosion Board, I9U8 j ; Black, G. L.,
195^; Cook, E. H., 1908; Fairbanks, H. W. , 1901+;
Grant, U. S., I9I+O; Hall, J. v., Jr., 1952; Hall,
W. C., 1942; Johnson, A. G. , 1935; Livingston, A.,
Jr., 1939; Pease, W. H., 1868; Shaler, N. S.,
1895; Shepard, F. P., 1950e, 1952b; Smith, W. D.,
1933b; Smith, W. S. T., 1897; Stevenson, R. E.,
I95I+; Trask, P. D., 1939

Bars (See also: Barrier Beach): Anonymous, 1938a, 19I+O; Alden,
J., 1853, l85l+a, 1856; Bache, A. D., 1856a, l864a;
Baldwin, E. M., 191+5; Bascom, W. N., 19l+6b, 19l+7c,
1950e; Bascom, W. N., Wiegel, R. L. and Chinn, A. J.,
I9k8; Beach Erosion Board, 19l+8b, 1951, 1952a; Blinn,
F. S., 1928; Bullard, F. M. and Mills, R. A., 1951;
Buwalda, J., 1936; California, University of, 1952a;
Coe, W. R., I9I+7; Congressional Documents, 191+Ca,
1942c, 19l+9d; Crandall, H., 1915; Davidson, G. ,
1861+; Dietz, R. S., 19l+7b; Gillette, C. E. , 19C5;
Goldberg, J. , 19I+O; Grant, U. S., I9I+8; Gulliver, F.
P., I896; Handin, J. w., 1949, 1951; Hanna, M. A.,

1926; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hoover, J. W., 1932a;
Howard, A. D. , 1951; Inman, D. L., 1950; Isaacs,
J. D., 19l+5d, 19l+7a; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W.
N., 1947; Ives, R. L., 1951; Johnson, J. W. , 19l+7a,
19l+8a; Johnson, W. M. , 1855; Krumbein, W. C. and
Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; Lawson, A. C, 1893a; Leeds,

C. T., 1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni, V. A. and
Knapp, R. T., 1934; Leypoldt, H., 191+lb; Livingston,
A., Jr., 1939; Lucke, J. B., 1938; McAdam, D.,
1947a; MacDonald, G. A., 193*+; MacGinitie, G. E.,
1935; McGowan, W. C, 19l6; Merriam, P. D. , 191+9;
Moffitt, J. and Orr, R. T., 1938; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C,
19h6; Norris, R. M., 1952; Page, G. B., 1950;
Palmberg, H. G., 194l; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Pratt,
W. E., 1947; Putnam, J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor,
M. A., 191+9; Sanford, J. J., 1908; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 19l+!+c, 1945c; Scheffauer,

F. C, 1927; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1948b, 1950b,
1950c, 1950g, 1951b, 1952b; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 1941; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0.
and LaFond, E. C, 194l; Shepard, F. P. and Inman,

D. L., 1951b; Shuler, W. R., 1952; Sinnott, A.,
19^1; Smith, W. D., 1933b, 1933c; Smith, W. S. T.,
1900; Spencer, J. W. , 189O; Storie, R. E. and
Carpenter, E. J., 1929, 1930; Symons, T. W. , 1893;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Todd, D. K. and Wiegel, R.
L., 1952; Trask, P. D., 1952b; Wanless, H. R., 1950;
Watts, G. M. and others, 1953; Weaver, C. E., 191+9;
Whittemore, G. F., 1917, 1928; Wiegel, R. L., 19l+7b;
Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H. L.,
1953; Williams, E. A. and Isaacs, J. D., 1952;
Yale, C. G., 1879

Gravel Bars: Johnson, D. W., 1910; Whittemore, G.
F.,.1928

Harbor, Bay, Estuary, Lagoon, Swamp, etc., Bars
within: Alden, J. 1852; Arnold, J. L., 1928; Bache,
A. D., 1852, 1856a, 1862, 1861+b; Bascom, W. N.,
1950b; Beach Erosion Board, 1952b; Bruff, S. C,
191+6; Congressional Documents, l880a, 1908e, 1941;
Davidson, G., 1873c, 188U; Diller, J. S., 1903;
Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0., 1950d; Fenton,
M. A. and Fenton, C. L., 1934; Gibsen, W. M. , 1951;
Harts, W. W. , 1901, 1911; Inman, D. L., I9I+9;
Kenyon, E. C, Jr., 1951; Lawson, J. S., 1862;
Louderback, G. D., 1940; McKee, E. D. , 1953;
McOuat, H. W. , 1951; Moore, D. G. , 1951; Morrison,
R. L., 1930; O'Brien, M. P., 1931; Sanchez, P. C,
1934b; Scheffauer, F. C, 1927; Scripps Instutution
of Oceanography, 1953c; Sears, C. B., 1876; Soper,

E. K., 1938; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;' Tower, M. L.,
1910 ; Trask, P. D., 1939

Longshore and Offshore Bars: Atwill, E. R., 1942;

California, University of, 1952a; Congressional

Documents, 1953b; Crook, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W.,

et al, 1953; Davis, W. M., 1925; Eaton, R. 0.,

1951; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Gorsline, D. S.,

1954; Grant, U. S., 1940; Gulliver, F. P., 1896;

Hall, W. C, 1942a; Inman, D. L., 1953b; Johnson,

J. W., 1952; Kniffen, F. B., 1932; Marlette, J.

W., 1954; Shepard, F. P., 1942a, 1950e, 1950f,

1952b; Thompson, W. 0., 1937

Low and Ball: Shepard, F. P. , 1942a, 1950f , 1952b;
Basalt (See also: Rock, Volcanic Rock): Butcher, W. S., 1951a;

Carsola, A. J., Dietz, R. S., Russell, R. D., 1949;

Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Chesterman,

C. W., 1952; Clements, T. and Dana, S. W., 1944;

Cohee, G. V., 1938; Emery, K. 0., and Shepard, F.

P., 1941, 1945; Emery, K. 0., 1948; Gorsline, D.

S., 1954; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hinds, N. E. A.,

1952; Holzman, J. E. 1950; Landes, K. K., 1952a;

Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941, 1945;

Shumway, G. A., 1953; Uchupi, E., 1954
Base Exchange (See also: Clay): Galliher, E. W., 1935a;

Kelley, W". P. and Liebig, G. F. , Jr., 1934;

Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Revelle, R., 1935, 194l;

ZoBell, C. E., 1942b
Base Level - see Equilibrium
Basement - see Bedrock
Basin (See also: Geosyncline, Syncline, Trench, Trough);

Agassiz, A., 1905; Beal, C. H., 1945; Blacke.'w.

P., 1856; Bucher, W. H., 1939, 1940; Buffington,

E. C, 1951; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Buwalda, J.

P., 1948; Clark, B. L., 1931; Clements, T. and

Emery, K. 0., 1947; Cohee, G. V., 1938;

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

63

Congressional Documents, 1953b; Crouch, R. W. ,
1951; Crowell, J. C., 1952; Cupp, E. E. and Allen
W. E., 1938; Daly, R. A., 1934; Dapples, E. C,
191+2; Davis, W. M., 1933; Dietz, R. S., I938,
1952a, 1952b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S., Menard, H. W.,
and Hamilton, E. L., 1952; Dunkle, M. B., 1944;
Dyk, K. , and Swainson, 0. W., 1953; Eardley, A. J.,
1954; Emery, K. 0., 1947a, 1947c, 1950b, 1950e,
1951, 1952a, 1952b, 1953a, 1953b, 1954b, I954d;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S. , Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M.
L., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C., 1951,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 194l, 1945;
Fleming, R. H., and Revelle, R., 1939; Galliher,
E. W., 1933; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K.
L., 1950; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley,
W. F., 1949; Handin, J. W., 1949; Hinds, N. E. A.,
1952; Holway, R. S., 1905; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Hoots, H. W., 19^3; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1950;
Koczy, F. F., 1954; Krynine, p. D., 1937;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 19^, 1947; Landes, K. K. , 1952b;
Lawson, A. C, 1924, 1950; Littlehales, G. W.,
1932b (ocean basin); Ludwick, J. C., Jr., 1950;
Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Macelwane,
J. B., 1934 (ocean basin); Moberg, E. G., Fleming,
R. H., Heusner, K., and Revelle, R., 1937; Moore,

D. G., 19513 Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 19^1; Norris, R. M. , 1951;
Pratt, W. E., 1947; Raitt, R. W., 1949, I95I+
Revelle, R., 1935 (ocean basin); 1938, 1939a, 1939b,
1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1939b, 19^3; Schupp,
R. D., 1953; Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F. P.,
1932, I93^c, 1935a, I937d, I937f, l938d, I938e,
1938f, 1939d, 1940a, 1940c, 194la, 1942b, 1947b,
1948c, 1949d, 1950a, 1950d, 1950e, 1950f, 1951b,
1951d, 1951e, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K.
0., lS^l; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond,

E. C, 19^1; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R.
S., 1939; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R.
S. and Emery K. 0., 1938; Shumway, G. A., 1953;
Smith, P. A., 1940; Smith, P. v., Jr., 1954; Smith,
W. S. T. , 1900; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1939a, 1939b, 1940d, 19tof; Sverdrup, H. U. ,
and Staff, 19U1, 1943b; Thorn, W. T., Jr., 1938;
Trask, P. D. , 1927a, 1927b, 1928, 1930, 1931a,
1931b, 1932a, 1937b, 1939; Uchupi, E., 1954; Vaughan,
T. W., 19^0; Weber, B. V., 1946; Weeks, L. G. , 1952;
Woodring, W. P., 1938a; Wooster, W. S., 1951;
Wright, R., 1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1944; ZoBell, C.
E., and Anderson, D. Q. , 1936

3in and Range Topography (See also: Continental Borderland,
Submarine Topography): Landes, K. K. , 1952a; Shep-
ard, F. P., 1939e, 19l+0c
Bathythermographs (B.T.) (See also: Instrumentation, Temper-
ature, Thermocline, Water Mass, Water Type): Burt,
W. V. and Bush, V., 19^9; California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and wildlife
Service, 1950, 1951b; Carsola, A. J., 1947; Dawson,

E. Y., 1950; Emery, K. 0., 1948, 1953a; Ewing,
G. C, 1950a; Leipper, D. F., 1950; Robinson, M.
K. , 1951; Rudnick, P. and Cochrane, J. D., 1951;
Saur, J. T. F. , Jr., 1950

Bay (see also: Embayment, Estuary, Harbor, Lagoon): Anonymous,
1950c; Alden, J., 1852, 1856; Alexander, A. H.,
1936; Arnold, D. , 1896, Arnold, D. and Arnold, R.,
1902; Arnold, R., 190O; Atwill, E. R., 1942; Bache,
A. D., 1852, 1854a, 1854b, 1859, 1864b; Banks, H.
0., Gleason, G. B. and Richter, R. C, 1950; Bar-
rows, A. L., 1917, 1919; Bascom, W. N., 1950b; Bath-
gate, V. M., 1913; Beach Erosion Board, 1948b,
1952, 1954c; Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M. , 1930;
Blinn, F. S., 1928; Bruff, S. C, 1940, 1946;
California Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, 1952;
California Department of Fish and Game, 1951;
California Department of Public Works, 1932a, 1950;
Chace, B. W., 1953; Congressional Documents, l880a,
1880b, 1909, 1938c, 1943, 1949b, 1949d, 1949-1950a;
Coxe, L. C, 1949; Crooks, R. C., Elvitsky, A. W.
et al, 1953; Davis, W. M., 1932; Davidson, G. , 1859,
1864, 1873; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,

F. P., 1942; Disney, L. P. and Overshiner, W. H.,

1925; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Eldredge, Z. S. and Molera,
E. J., 1909; Emery, K. 0., 19**5a, 1946b; Folsom,
R. G., 1944c; Forrest, D. R., 1951a; Fox, D. L.,
Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D., 1944; Galliher,
E. W., 1932b, 1935a, 1935c, 1937, 1939; Gibson, W.
M., 1951; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Gorsline, D. S.,
1954; Grim, R. E-, Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W.
F., 1949; Grunsky, C. E., 1921; Hanna, M. A., 1926;
Harding, C. R., 1929; Harts, W. W. , 1901, 1911;
Harvey, D. R., 1928; Hewatt, W. G., 193^; Hickson,
R. E. and Rodolf, F. W. , 1951; Hinds, N. E. A.,
1952; Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Com-
mission, 1930; Howard, A. D., 1951; Isaacs, J. D. ,
1945e; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N., 1947;
James, E. L., 1950; Johnson, A. G. , 1935, 1951;
Johnson, D. W., 1910; Johnson, J. W. , 1953a; Kenyon,
E. C, Jr., 1951; Kerr, A. R., 1938; Knox, G. L.,
1937; Lawson, A. C, 1894; Lawson, J. S., 1862;
Leeds, C. T., Vanoni, V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934;
Lombardi, L. V., 1949; Louderback, G. D. , 1920,
1921, 1924, 1940, 1941, 1951; McAdam, D., 19^7b;
McGowan, W. C, 19l6; McKinstry, C. H., 1905;
MacDonald, G. A. and Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C,
1947; Martin, L. T., 1930, 1931, 1932, 1935, 1937;
Mason, H. L., 1931; Means, T. H., 1928, 1931; Meek,
R. T., 1945; Miller, H. E. and Nusbaum, I., 1952;
Moffit, J. and Orr, R. T., 1938; Moore, D. G.,
1951; Morrison, R. L., 1930; Nelson, N. C, 1909,
1910; Novelli, G. D., 1943; O'Brien, M. P., 19^5*;
Patterson, R. L., 1950; Pierce, J. W., 1948; Putnam,
J. A., Bermel, K. J. and Johnson, J. W. , 19^7;
Rankin, E. P., 1913; Reed, R. D., 1938; Revelle,
R., 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Robertson, R. R., 1942; Sanchez, P. C, 193^b,
1934e; San Diego Regional Water Pollution Control
Board, 1952; Schupp, R. D. , 1953; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 1953c; Shaler, N. C, 1892;
Shalowitz, A. L., 1951, 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1932,
1949d, 1950c, 1950f; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K.
0., 1941; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1951b;
Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1942; Shepard,

F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shipmasters and
Others, I879; Shuler, W. R., 1952; Silva, P. C,
1948; Sisler, F. P. and ZoBell, C. E., 1950;
Skogsberg, T., 1936, 1946; Smith, A. G. and
MacKenzie, G., Jr., 1948; Somers, P., 1952;
Sommer, H. and Clark, F. N., 1946; Stevenson, R.
E., 1954; Stump, R. S., ^^c, 1945d, 1946b;
Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D., Schmitt, W. L.
and Johnston, E. C, 19l4; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1939c;
Trask, P. D., 1928, 1931, 1950; Trask, P. D. and
Rolston, J. W., 1950a, 1950b; Troster, J. G., 19^9;
Trowbridge, W. P., 1856b; U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey, 1947; Van Dorn, W. G., 1953; Whittemore,

G. F. , 1916, 1917, 1926; Wiegel, R. L., 19^7b;
Williams, E. A. and Isaacs, J. D. , 1952; William-
son, R. S. and Heuer, W. H., 1871; ZoBell, C. E.,
1941, 1942a, 1942b, 1946-1947; ZoBell, C. E. and
Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham,
C. B., 1942; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas,
H. F., 19^3

Bayhead Beach - see Pocket or Bayhead Beach

Beach and Nearshore, includes beaches and immediate offshore
region: Anonymous, l882b, l882c, 1884, 1891,
1894a, 1894b, 1915, 19l6a, 1916b, 19l6c, 19l6d,
I9l6e, 1917, 1925b, 1933c, 1933d, 1933e, 1935,
1938a, 1938b, 1940b, 1940c, 1940d, 194lb, 1944a,
l-9k5, 1949a, 1949c, 1950a, 1950b, 1950c, I95ld,
1952f, 1954b, 1954j, 1954m; Alrich, L. and Smith,
H. G., 1948; Alexander, A. H., 1936; Allen, W. B.,
1932; Allen, W. E., 1935; Anderson, F. M., I896-I902,
1897; Anderson, G. E., 1926; Arnold, J. L., 1928;
Arthur, R. S., 195O5 ' Ashley, G. H., 1896; Atwill,
E. R., 1942; Averill, C. V. and Others, 1946;
Bache, A. D. , 1852; Baldwin, E. M., 19^5;
Barnes, A. J., 1937; Bartlett, W. A., 1852;
Bascom, W. N., 1946a, 1945b, 1947a, 1947c, 1947d,
1948a, 1950a, 1950c, 1951; Bascom, W. N. , Wiegel,
R. L., and Chinn, A. J., 1948; Beach Erosion Board,
1938, 1939, 1942a, 1942b, 1942c, 1946, 1947-1950,
1948a, 1948b, 1948c, 1948d, 1948e, 1948f, 1948g,
1948h, 1948i, 1948j, 1949a, 1950a, 1950b, 1951,
1952a, 1952b, 1953>i, 1953b, 1953c, 1954a,
1954b, 1954c; Black, G. L., 1954; Blackman, J.
W. B., 1936; Blake, W. P., I853, 1854, I856;
Blinn, F. S., 1928; Bond, A. H. , 1927; Boos, M. F.,

64

Special Report 44

1940; Bowers, S., 189O; Branner, J. C, 1900; Brant,
I., 1925; Bremner, C. St. J., 1933; Brown, C. B.,
19U2; Brown, E. I., 1939; Bruff, S. C, 19^0, 1946;
Bullard, F. M. and Mills, R. A., 1951; Burt, W. V.
and Saur, J. F. T., Jr., 1948; Butler, M. M., 1936;
Buwalda, J., 1936; Byerley, P., 1942; California
Legislature, 1931b; Calif ornia Miners ' Association,
1899; California, University of, 1945, 1949, 1951c,
1952a, 1952b, 1952c, 1952d, 1953a, 1953b, 1954a,
1954b; Carpenter, F. A., 1924; Carsola, A. J. and
Dietz, R. S., 1952; Carter, G. F., 1948; Cartwright,
L. D., Jr., 1928; Chace, B. W., 1953; Chase, A. W.,
1875; Clark, A., 1933; Clark, F. N., 1938; Clements,
T. and Dana, S. W., 1944; Clements, T. and Emery,
K. 0., 1947; Coe, W. R., 1947, 1948, 1953; Congress-
ional Documents, 1938a, 1938c, 1940a, 1940e, 1940f,
1941, 1942b, 1942c, 19^3, 19^9a, 19^, 19^9c, 19^9d,
19^9f, 19^9-1950b, 1953; Cook, E. H., 1908; Corning,
L. H., 1944; Cotton, C. A., 1942; Couch, E. B., 1915;
Cram, C. M., 1931; Crandall, H., 1915, Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Crowell, J.

C. 1947, 1952; Darrow, W. E., 19^2; Dasher, J.,
Fraas, F. and Gabriel, A., 19^2; Davidson, G.,
1864, 1873a, 1873c, 1897; Davis, W. M., 1932,
1933; Day, D. T. , 1899, 1900, 1907a, 1907b; Day,

D. T. and Richards, R. H., 1906; Deacon, G. E. R.,
1949; Degroot, H., I89O; Dickey, L. K. , 1936; Dietz,
R. S., 1947b; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W.,
1951b; Diller, J. S., 1896, 1898, 1901, 1902, 1903,
1915, 1940; Drury, N. B., 1936; Dunham, J. W., 1951;
Dunkle, M. B. , 1<?44; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Edman,

J. A., 1894, 1906; Einstein, H. A., 1951; Emery,
K. 0., 19W, 19^5a, 1945b, 1946b, 1950d, 195^c;
Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J. F. , 191*8 j Emery K.
0. and Gale, J. F., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Steven-
son, R. E., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H.,
19Ul; Emmonds, S. F. and Merrill, G. P., 189!*;
Erickson, C. E., 1952, 1953; Evans, 0. F. , 19**1,
19l*5; Fairbanks, H. W., 1904; Fewkes, J. W. , 1899;
Fisher, R. L. and Mills, R., 1952; Fox, D. L.,
1950; Friedman, S. L., 1949; Gee, H. C, 1938;
Gibbs, R. E., 1900; Gillespie, C. G., 1936;
Gillette, C. E., 1905; Goldberg, J., 1940; Gold-
berg, W. A., 1873, I89O; Goodyear, W. A., 1873;
189O; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S., 1938,
19to, I9I+3, 191*1*, 191*6, 191*8; Grant, U. S. and
Shepard, F. P., 1937, 1938a, 1938b, 19l*0, 1946;
Grant, U. S. and Sheppard, W. E., 1939; Granthem,
K. N., 1953; Greater Los Angeles Citizens Committee,
Inc., I9UI+; Greene, E. L., 1887; Griesbach, J. 0.,
19^7; Griffin, D. F., 19^; Griggs, A. B., 1945;
Griggs, A. B. and Wells, F. G., 1942; Gulliver,
F. P., I896; Guttenberg, B., 1936a; Handin, J. W.,
191*9, 1951; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1950;
Hanna, M. A., 1926; Hannum, W. T., 19!*!*, 19^7;
Hewatt, W. G. , 1931*; Hjelte, G. , 1936, 1938; Hoover,
J. W., 1932a; Horrer, P. L. 19^9; Horton, D. F.,
19^8; Hundhausen, R. J., 19^7; Inman, D. L., 1949,
1950, 1953a, 1953b; Inman, D. L. and Quinn, W. H.,
1952; Irelan, W., Jr., 189O; Irvine, C. D. , 1908;
Isaacs, J. D., 1945a, 1945b, 19^50, 19^5d, 19^5f,
1945g, 19^5h, 19^51, 19^50, 19^5k, 1945m, 19^;
Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N. , 1947, 1949;
Isaacs, J. D., Schorr, S. and Chinn, A. J., 19'*-7;
Ives, R. L., 1951; Johnson, A. G., 1935, ^Oa, 19**0b,
19l*0c, 1951; Johnson, D. W., 1910; Johnson, J. W.,
19l*7a, 19l*7b, 19l*8a, 19l*8b, 1948c, 19l*8d, 1952;
Johnson, J. W. , and Wiegel, R. L., 1953;
Johnson, M. W., 1939b; Johnson, W. M. , 1856; Jones,

E. L., 1918; Jones, J. H., 1948; Keller, W. D. ,
191+1, 191*5; Kelton, E. C, I9I+O, 19l*2; Kemnitzer,
L. E., 1933; Kemp, J. F., 1902; Kenyon, E. C, Jr.,
1951; Kerr, A. R., 1938; Kindle, E. M., 1934;
Kingman, J. J., 1936; Kniffen, F. B., 1932; Krum-
bein, W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; LaFond, E. C,
1938, 1939a, 1939b; Lakes, A., 1899, 1903a, 1903b;
Lamport, H. B., 1937; Lang, H., 19l6; Lapsley, W.
W., 1937; Larsen, G. P., 1939, 19^1, 19^, 1942b,
1943, 1944a, 1944b, 1946; Lauer, E., 1948; Lawson,
A. C, 1893a, I895, 1911*, 1924; Lawton, C. H., 1936;
Leeds, C. T., 1915, 19l6, 1936; Leeds, C. T. ,
Vanoni, V. A., and Knapp, R. T. , 1934; Leypoldt,
H., 194la, 194lb, 1942; Lieber, A. C, Jr., 1940;
Lillevang, 0. J., and Brant, R. W., 1937; Lindsay,
D. R., 1952; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Logan, C.

A., 1919; Lombardi, L. V., 1949; Los Angeles
County Regional Planning Commission, 1940, 1946;
Los Angeles Department of City Planning, 194l;
Louderback, G. D., 1915a, 1915b, 1920, 1940; Lucke,
J. B., 1938; McAdam, D. , 1947a; McConnaughey, B.
H. and Fox, D. L., 1949; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
MacDonald, G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C.
19^7; MacGinitie, G. E., 1935, 1939; McEwen, G.
F., 1935a, 1935b; McGowan, W. C, 19l6; McKee,
E- D., 1953; McLaughlin, R. P., 192I; Marlette, J.
W., 1954; Martens, J. H. C, 1939; Mason, E. H.,
1930; Mason, M. A., 1942, 1948, 1949a, 1950a,
1950b, 1951 ; Masters, P., 1840; Mendenhall, W. C,
1905; Merriam, P. D., 1949; Merrill, F. J. H.,
1917; Messner, W. E., 1954; Meyer, R. D., 1936;
Mills, B., 1932c, 1932d; Moffit, F. H., 1953b;
Moffitt, J. and Orr, R. T., 1938; Morey, B. F.,
1944; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1945, 1947;
Nelson, J. W., Dean, W. C, Kocker, A. E., Watson,
E. B. and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Nelson, J. W.,
Zinn, C. J., Strahorn, A. T., Watson, E. B., and
Dunn, J. E., 1919; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936a,
1936c, 1939; 19**1; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P., and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
Norris, R. M., 1951, 1952; O'Brien, M. P., 1931,
1936a, 1936b, 1939, 1941, 1945b, 1946a, 1947b;
O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson, J. W. , 1947; Olsson-
Seffer, p., 1908, 1910a; Orange County Planning
Commission, 194l; 0 'Shaughnessy, M. M., 1924;
Page, G. B., 1950; Paguirigan, F., 194l; Palm-
berg, H. G., 191*!; Palmer, R. H., 1928; Pardee,
J. T-, 193^; Patrick, D. A., 1953; Patton, R. S.,
1941; Paul, A. B., 1894; Peel, K. P., 1951; Petra-
cek, F. J., Fox, D. L. and Zechmeister, L., 1951;
Place, J. L., 1952; Pomeroy, H. R., 1936;
Porter, J. C, 1936; Poss, E. G., 1937; Postel,
A. C, 1937, 1939; Price, F., 1936; Purer, E. A.,
1942; Putnam, J. A. and Arthur, R. S., 1948;
Putnam, J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A.,
19^9; Putnam, W. C, 1938; Pyles, E. E., 1954;
Raymond, R. W., 1880; R^chnitzer, A. B. , 1952;
Reed, R. D., 1930b; Reiche, P., 1937; Remondino,
P. C., 1892; Revelle, R. 195O; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Richardson, R. W., 1923;
Ritter, W. E., 1901; Rolland, M. C, 1952;
Salsbury, M. E., 1925; Sanchez, P. C, 1934e;
Sanford, J. J., 1908; Saville, T. J. and Caldwell,
J. M., 1953; Schaufele, H. J., 1951; Schupp, R. D.,
1953; Scott, T. A., 1936; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1944a, 1944c, 1944d, 1944g, 1945c,
1945d, 1952i, 1953c, 1953f; Sears, C. B., 1876;
Shaler, N. S., 1894, 1895, 1896; Shalevetz, S.,
1952; Shaw, p. A. T. and Towers, C. L., 1937;
Shepard, F. P., 1935d, 1936a, 1937f, 1938a, 1938g,
I938h, 1939a, 1940c, 1942a, 1943b, 1947b, 1948b,
1949a, 1949b, I949d, 1950b, 1950c, I950f, I950g,
1951a, 1951b, 1952a, 1952b; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 19^1; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0.
and LaFond, E. C, 19^1; Shepard, F. P. and Grant,
U. S., 19**7; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949,
1951a, 1951b; Shepard, F. P., Inman, D. L. and Fishe
R. L., 1951; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1940,
1942; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Sh
zer, W. H., 1910; Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952; Shumwa
G. A., 1953; Sinnott, A., 19^1; Smith, A. G. and Ma
Kenzie, G. , Jr., 1948; Smith, J. s., 1936, 1937; Sm
P. A., 1938; Smith, W. D., 1919, 1930, 1933a, 1933b,
1933c; Smith, W. S. T., 1897, 1898, 19OQ; Somers, P.
1952; Stapleton, C. R., 1952; Stelzenmuller, W. B.,
1949; Stephenson, E. L., 1945; Stevenson, R. E.,
1951*-; Storie, R. E. and Carpenter, E. J., 1929,
1930; Stump, R. S., 1946e; Stump, R. S. and Bas-
com, W. N., 19^7; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1936, 1939a,
1940g; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l, 1942a,
1946; Symons, T. W., 1893; Thayer, L. A., 1935;
Thompson, W. F. and Thompson, J. B., 1919;
Thompson, W. 0., 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937 (beach
structures); Todd, D. K. and Wiegel, R. L., 1951,
1952; Tower, M. L., 1910, 1913; Trask, P. D., 1924,
1930, 1952a, 1952b, 1952c; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943,
1946, 1946a; Updegraff, D. M., 1948; Upson, J. E.,
1951; U. S. Waterways Experiment Station, Vioksburg,
Mississippi, 1935, 1936; Vaughan, T. W., 1931,
1940; Verrill, G. E., 1930; Vickery, F. P., 1927a;
Walker, B. W., 1947; Walters, L., 1953; Wanless.

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

65

H. R., 1950; Ward, H. A., 1952; Warner, S. "E.,
1946a, l<?46b; Washburne, C. W., 1904; Watts,
G. M. and Others, 1953; Weaver, C. E., 1949;
White, D., 1911; Whitney, J. D. , 1865; Whitney,
P. C, 1935; Whittemore, G. F., 1916, 1917,
1926, 1928; Wiegel, R. L., 1947b; Wiegel, R. L.,
and Kimberley, H. L., 1950; Wiegel, R. L.,
Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1953;
Wiegel, R. L , Todd, D. K. and Kimberley, H. L-,
1950; Williams, E. A. and Isaacs, J. D., 1952;
Wilson, M. E., 1907; Wittich, E., 1920;
Woodford, A. 0., 1935; Woodson, J. B., 194l; Yale,
C. G., I879, 1913; ZoBell, C. E., 1942a; ZoBell,
C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, C. E.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1938; Zodac, P., 1952

Beach and Nearshore Slope, Gradient (See also: Beach slope
vs. Grain size): Anonymous, 1915, 1917, 1933e,
1938a, 1940d, 19Ulb; Bascom, W. N., 1946b, 1947c,
1950c; Beach Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948a, 1948b,
1948h, 1952a, 1952b, 1953c; Brown, E. I., 1939;
California, University of 1952a, 1952b; Congress-
ional Documents, 1938a, 1942b, 19^9f; Crowell,
J. C, 1947, 1952; Deacon, G. E. R., 1949; Dietz,
R. S. and Menard, H. W. , 1951b; Eaton, R. 0., 1951;
Emery, K. 0., 1945a; Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F.,
1951; Evans, 0. F., 194l; Goldberg, J., 1940;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S., 1938, 1943,
1948; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Handin, J. W.,
I9U9, 1951; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C,
1949; Harts, W. W., 1901; Inman, D. L., 1949,
1950, 1953b; Isaacs, J. D., 1945d, 19^5f, 1945k,
1947a; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N., 1947;
Johnson, D. W., 1910; Johnson, J. W. , 1947a, 1952;
Krumbein, W. C, 194-7, 1950; Lawton, C. H., 1936;
Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; McKee, E. D., 1953;
Marlette, J. W., 1954; Mason, M. A., 1950a, 1951;
Nelson, J. W. , Zinn, C. J., Strahorn, A. T.,
Watson, E. B. and Dunn, J. E., 1919; Nicholls,
C. P. L., 1939; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Norris,
R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1939, 1945b,
1946a; Olsson, Seffer, P., 1910a; Patrick, D. A.,
1953; Putnam, J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor,
M. A., 1949; Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy, 1944c, I944d, I945d; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Shepard, F. P., 1950c, 1950f; Shepard, F. P.,
Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Shuler,
W. R., 1952; Sinnott, A., 194l; Smith, W. D.,
1933c; Stelzenmuller, W. B. , 1949; Symons, T. W.,
1893; Thompson, W. F. and Thompson, J. B., 1919;
Thompson, W. 0., 1933, 1934, 1937; Trask, P. D.,
1952a; Trask, P. D. and Scott, T., 1954;
Vaughan, T. W., 1931; Verrill, G. E., 1930; Watts,
G. M. and Others, 1953; Wiegel, R. L., 1947b;
Woodford, A. 0., 1935

Beach Conglomerate - see Cobble Beach

Beach Crest - see Berm

Beach Cusps (See also: Cobble beach, Gravel): Branner, J.

C, 1900; Dietz, R. S., 1947b; Evans, 0. F., 1945;
Handin, J. W. , 1951; Isaacs, J. D., 1945b, 1945c,
1945d; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N., 1§47;
Johnson, D. W., 1910, 1944; Johnson, J. W. ,
1952; Krumbein, W. C, 1947; McKee, E. D. , 1953;
MacDonald, G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C,
1947; Norris, R. M. , 1951; Richardson, R. W. ,
1923; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shaler, N. S., 1894;
Shepard, F. P., 1935d, 1938g, 1950b, 1950c, 1950f,
1952b; Thompson, W. 0., 1933, 1934, 1937; Wanless,
H. R., 1950; Wiegel, R. L., 1947b; Wiegel, R. L.,
Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1953

Beach Cycles (See also: Cut and/or Fill): Anonymous, 1933e,

1938a, 1940d; Bascom, W. N. , 1950c (beach changes);
Beach Erosion Board, 1948b, 1948h, 1948i, 1948j,
1953c; California, University of, 1952b; Carpenter,
F. A., 1924; Congressional Documents, 1938a, 1940a,
1942b, 1949b, 1949-1950b, 1953b; Davis, W. M. ,
1933; Dietz, R. S., 1947b; Eaton, R. 0., 1951;
Evans, 0. F., 194l; Friedman, S. L., 194-9; Grant,
U. S., 1938, 1940 ; Grant, U. S. and Shepard,
F. P., 1937; Hall, W. C, 1942; Inman, D. L.,
1949, 1953a; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N.,
1947; Johnson, A. G., 1940c; Krumbein, W. C,
1947, 1950; LaFond, E. C, 1938; Lang, H., 19l6;
Leeds, C. T., 19l6, 1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni,
V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934; Leypoldt, H., 194la;

Lieber, A. C, Jr., 1940; McGowan, W. C, 19l6; Mason,
M. A., 1949a; Nelson, J. W., Dean, W. C, Locher, A.
E., Watson, E. B. and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Nicholson,
G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P., and Crowell,
J. C.j 1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1939; Orange County
Planning Commission, 1941; Pardee, J. T., 1934;
Revelle, R. "and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Saville,
T., jr., and Caldwell, J. M. , 1953; Schupp, R. D.,
1953; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944d;
Shepard, F. P., 1938g, 1940c, 1950b, 1950f, 1950g;
Shepard, F. P., and Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951b;
Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1940, 1942;
Smith, W. D., 1933b; Somers, P., 1952; Stelzen-
muller, W. B., 1949; Storie, R. E. and Carpenter,

E. J., 1930; Trask, P. D., 1952b; Whitney, P. C,
1935

Beach Cycles, Seasonal: Anonymous, 1938b; Bascom, W. N., 1950c;
Beach Erosion Board, 1952a, 1953b; California,
University of, 1952a; Congressional Documents,
1942b, 1949f, 1953b; Crowell, J. C.j 1952; Dietz,
R. S., 1947b; Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 1948;
Goldberg, J., 1940; Grant, U. S., 1943; Grant,
U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937, 1938a; Gulliver,

F. P., 1896; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Hall, W. C,
1942; Handin, J. W., 1949; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953&,
1953b; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N. , 194-7;
Johnson, A. G., 1940c, 1951; Johnson, J. W., 1952;
Krumbein, W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; LaFond,

E. C, 1938; Lawton, C. H., 1936; Leeds, C. T.,
1936; Munk, W. H., 1949b; Nicholson, G. F. ,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C,
1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a; Page, G. B., 1950;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography^ 1952i, 1953c; Shepard,

F. P., 194la, 1947b, 1950c, 1950f, 1950g, 1951a;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1951b; Shepard,

F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1940; Smith, W. D., 1933b;
Somers, P., 1952; Todd, D. K. and Wiegel, R. L.,
1952; Tower, M. L-, 1910; Wiegel, R. L., 1947b

Beach Drift - see Littoral Drift

Beach Equilibrium - see Equilibrium

Beach Erosion, Retrograding, Degrading: Anonymous, 19l6a,
19l6d, 193 3e, 1935, 1938a, 1940b, 1940c, 194lb;
Arthur, R. S., 1950; Bascom, W. N. , 1946a, 1946b,
1950c; Beach Erosion Board, 1938, 1939, 1942a, 1942b,
1942c, 1946, 1947-1950, 1948b, 1948c, I948d, 1948h,
1948i, 1948 j, 1949a, 1950a, 1950b, 1952a, 1953c,
1954a; Blackman, J. W. B., 1936; Blinn, F. S.,
1928; Brown, E. I., 1939; Butler, M. M., 1936;
California Legislature, 1931b; California, Univer-
sity of, 1952a; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S.,
1952; Chase, A. W. , 1875; Congressional Documents,
1938a, 1940a, 1940e, 1940f, 1942b, 1942c, 1943,
1949b, 1949e, 1949d, 1949f, 1949-I950b, 1953b;
Cram, C. M., 1931; Dietz, R. S., 1947b; Eaton, R.
0., 1951; Emery, K. 0., 1945a; Emery, K. 0. and
Foster, J. F., 1948; Friedman, S. L., 1949; Gee,
H. C, 1938; Gibbs, R. E., 1900; Gillette, C. E.,
1905; Grant, U. S., 1938, 1946, 1948; Griffin,
D. F., 1944; Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Hall, J.
V., Jr., 1952; Hall, W. C, 1938, 1942; Handin,
J. W., 1949, 1951; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J.
C, 1949; Hannum, G. W. T., 1944, 1947; Hjelte,
G., 1936; Horrer, P. L., 1949; Horton, D. F. ,
1948; Hunter, R. C, 1946; Inman, D. L., 1949,
1953a; Isaacs, J. D., 1947a; Johnson, A. G., 1935,
1940a, 1940b, 1940c, 1951; Johnson, D. W., 1910;
Johnson, J. W. , 1947b, 1948b, 1948d; Kelton, E.
C, Jr., 1942, 1951; Kerr, A. R., 1938; Krumbein,
W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; LaFond, E. C, 1936b;
Lapsley, W. W. , 1937; Larsen, G. P., 194l, 1942a,
1942b, 1943, 1944b, 1946; Lawton, C. H., 1936;
Leeds, C. T., 19 l6, 1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni,
V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934; Leypoldt, H., 194lb;
Lillevang, 0. J. and Brant, R. W., 1937; Livingston,
S., Jr., 1939; Los Angeles County Regional Planning
Commission, 1940, 1946; McAfee, C. M. , Jr., 1939;
McEwen, G. F., 1935a, 1935b; McKee, E. D., 1953;
MacDonald, G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C,
1947; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Mason, M. A., 1942,
1949a, 1950a, 1950b; funk, W. H. and Traylor,
M. A., 1947; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936a; Nicholson,

G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P.,
1936a, 1936b, 1941, 1947b; O'Brien, M. P. and

66

Special Report 44

Johnson, J. W., 1947; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a;
Orange County Planning Commission, 194l;
O'Shaughnessy, M. M. , 1924; Palmberg, H. G. , 194l;
Pardee, J. T., 193^; Patrick, D. A., 1953; Place,
J. L., 1952; Postel, A. C, 1937, 1939; Putnam,
J. A. and Arthur, R. S., 1948; Putnam, J. A., Munk,
W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1949; Putnam, W. C,
1938; Schaufele, H. J., 1951; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Shaler, N. S., 1896; Shepard, F. P., 1935d, 1948b,
1950f, 1951a; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and
LaFond, E. C, 194l; Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952;
Smith, J. S., 1936; Smith, W. D. , 1933a; Somers,
P., 1952; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U. ,
1940g; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1942a; Thompson,
W. F. and Thompson, J. B., 1919; Thompson, W. 0.,
1937; Todd, D. K. and Wiegel, R. L., 1952; Trask,
P. D., 1952b; U. S. Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1935, 1936; Vaughan, T.
W., 191+0; Whittemore, G. F., 1926
Beach Gradient - see Beach and Near shore Slope, Gradient
Beach, Origin of: Johnson, D. W., 19n0; Norris, R M., 1951
Beach Placers (See also; Auriferous Beach Sands, Black Sands,
Heavy Minerals, Magnetic Minerals, Mineralogy,
various minerals making up beach placers J:
Anonymous, 1906b, 1949c, 1950a, 1950b; Averill,

C. V., 194l; Blake, W. P., 1854; Boos, M. F. ,
1940; California Miners ' Association, 1899, Day,

D. T., 1899, 1900, 1907a, 1907b; Day, D. T. and
Richards, R. H., 1906; DeGroot, H. I89O; Griggs,
A. B., 1945; Diller, J. S., 1901, 1903; Edman,

J. A., 1894; Hornor, R. R. , 1918; Irelan, W. , Jr.,
I89O; Irvine, C. D., I908; Kemps, J. F., 1902;
Lakes, A., 1903b; Logan, C. A., 1919; Pardee,
J. T., 1934; Paul, A. B., 189U; Raymond, R. W. ,
i860; Yale, C. G. , 1913
Beach Profile, including Nearshore Profile: Anonymous, 1933e,
1938a, 1940d; Bascom, W. N. , 1946b, 1947a, 1947c,
19^7d, 1950a, 1950c; Bascom, W. N., Wiegel, R.
L., and Chinn, A. J., 1948; Beach Erosion Board,
1948a, 1948h, 1948i, 1948j, 1952a, 1953c; Brown,

E. I., 1939; Burt, W. V. and Saur, J. F. T. , Jr.,
1948; Butler, M. M. , 1936; California, University
of, 1945, 1952a, 1954b; Congressional Documents,
1938a-, 1940a, 1942b, 1949f, 1953b; Emery, K.

0. and Foster, J. F., 1948; Grant, U. S., 1943,
1948; Handin, J. W., 1949; Horton, D. F., 1948;
Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953b; Isaacs, J. D., 1945a,
1945b, 1945h, 19451, 1945 j, 1945k, 1945m, 1947a;
Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N., 1947, 1949;
Johnson, A. G., 1935; Johnson, J. W., 1947a,
1947b, 1948a, 1952; Krumbein, W. C, 1947; LaFond,
E. C, 1938; Lauer, E., 1948; Leeds, C. T. ,
Vanoni, V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934; Livingston,
A., Jr., 1939; McAdam, D., 1947a; Marlette, J.
W., 1954; Mason, M. A., 1948; Moffitt, F. H.,
1953b; Morey, B. F. , 1944; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C.,
1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1945b, 1946a; Page,
G. B., 1950; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Patrick, D. A.,
1953; Putnam, J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor,
M. A., 1949; Saville, T. , Jr., and Caldwell,
J. M., 1953; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1944a, 1944c, 1944d, 1944g; Shepard, F. P.,
1942a, 1950f, 1950g; Shepard, F. P. and Inman,
D. L., 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C,
1940; Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952; Sinnott, A.,
1941; Stump, R. S., 1946e; Stump, R. S. and
Bascom, W. N., 1947; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1946; Symons, T. W.,
1893; Thompson, W. F. and Thompson, J. B.,
1919; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; U. S. Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1935;
Warner, S. E., 1946b; Wiegel, R. L., 1947b;
Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H.
L., 1953
Beach Ridge (See also: Beach Profile, Berm, Ridge): Emery,
K. 0., 1950a; Hertlein, L. G. and Grant, U. S.,
1944; Johnson, D. W., 1944; Smith, W. D., 1933=;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937
Beach Slope - see Beach and Nearshore Slope, Gradient
Beach Slope vs Grain size (See also: Beach and Nearshore
Slope, Grain size): Anonymous, 1933e, 1940d;
Bascom, W. N., 1950c; Beach Erosion Board, 1952a;
Brown, E. I., 1939; Handin, J. W., 1949; Handin,
J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1950; Inman, D. L.,

1953b; Krumbein, W. C, 1950; Nichollo, C. P. L.,
1939; Norris, R. M., 1951; Sinnott, A., 194l
Beach, Subsurface of - see Subsurface of Beach
Beach Width: Anonymous, 194lb; Bartlett, W. A., 1852; Beach
Erosion Board, 1948h, 1948i, 1954a; Brown, E. I.,
1939; Congressional Documents, 1949-1950b, 1953b;
Dunkle, M. B., 1944; Grant, U. S., 1948; Handin,
J. W., 1949; Johnson, A. G., 1940c, 1951; Los
Angeles County Regional Planning Commission, 1946;
Marlette, J. W., 1954; Martens, J. H. C, 1939;
Nelson, J., Dean, W. C, Kocher, A. E., Watson,
E. B., Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C,
1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1939; Orange County Planning
Commission, 194l; Shepard, F. P., Inman, D. L.
and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Shuler, W. R., 1952
Bedrock, Basement Rock, Outcrop (See also: Source Rocks):
Anonymous, 1951d; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Calif-
ornia, University of, 1953a, 1953b; Coxe, L. C,
1949; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953;
Crouch, R. W., 1954; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S., Menard,
H. W. and Hamilton, E. L., 1954; Emery, K. 0.,
1951, 1952; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0.,
and Shepard, F. P., 194l, 1945; Fox, L. S., 1930;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Krum-
bein, W. C, 194-7; Lawson, A. C, 1894; Louderback,
G. D., 1920; Menard, H. W., 1952; Menard, H. W.,
Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L. , Moore, D. G., Shum-
way, G., Silverman, M. and Stewart, H. B., 1954;
Thompson, W. C, 1949; Trask, P. D. and Rolston,
J. W., 1950a; Trask, P. D. and Scott, T., 1954;
Uchupi, E., 1954
Bench - see Wave Cut Terrace

Berm, Beach Scarp, Beach Crest: Anonymous, 1938a, 1938b;
Bascom. W. N., 1946b, 1950c; Beach Erosion
Board, 1948h, 1952a; California, University of,
1952a, 1954b; Congressional Documents, 1938a,
1953b; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Gale,
J. F., 1951; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P.,
1937; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Handin, J. W., 1951;
Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 194-9; Isaacs,
J. D. and Bascom, W. N. , 1947; Krumbein, W. C,
1950; MacDonald, G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox,
D. C, 1947; Mason, M. A., 1942; Norris, R. M.,
1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1939; Schupp, R. D. , 1953;
Shepard, F. P., 1943b, 1950b, 1950c, 1950g;
Shepard, F. P., and Inman, D. L., 1951b; Shuler,
W. R., 1952; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Todd, D. K.
and Wiegel, R. L., 1952; Trask, P. D., 1952a;
Trask, P. D. and Scott, T., 1954; Watts, G. M.
and Others, 1953; Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A.
and Kimberley, H. L., 1953
Beryllium: Lowenstam, H. A., 1954; Revelle, R., 1935;
Vaughan, T. W., 1933; Goldberg, E. D., 1954
Bicarbonates - see Carbonates

Bismuth: Revelle, R., 1935; Vaughan, T. W., 1933
Black Mud (See also: Mud, Iron Sulfides): Belknap, G. E.,
l874a; California Department of Fish and Game,
1951; California Department of Public Health,
1951; Crooke, R. C , Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953;
Davidson, G., 1897; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1941; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novell! ,
G. D., 1944; Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935a, 1935=;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Louderback, G. D., 1920,
1940; McKee, E. D., 1939; Marlette, J. W. , 1954;
Moore, D. G., 1951; Moyer, D. A., 1929b; Revelle,
R., 1950; San Diego Regional Water Pollution
Control Board, 1952; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K.
0., 194l ; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz,
R. S., 1939; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Trask, P.
D., 1939; Woodford, A. 0., 1951; Wright, R.,
1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1935, 1942b; ZoBell, C. E.,
and Feltham, C. B., 1942
Black Sands (See also: Auriferous Beach Sands, Eeach Placers,
Heavy Minerals, Magnetic Minerals, Mineralogy,
various minerals composing black sands): Anony-
mous, 1882c, 1884, 1894a, 1894b, 1906b, 1950a,
1950b, 195ia, 1954j; Averill, C. V., 194l;
Averill, C. V. and Others, 1§46; Belknap, G. E.,
l874a; Boos, M. F., 1940; Bullard, F. M. and
Mills, R. A., 1951; California Miners' Association,
I899; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

67

Dasher, J., Fraas, F. and Gabriel, A., 1942; Day,
D. T., 1907a, 190713; Day, D. T. and Richard, R.
H., 1906; DeGroot, H., I89O; Diller, J. S., 1896,
1901, 1903; Edman, J. A., 1894, 1906; Emery,
K. 0., 1944, 1945a; Fraser, C. McL., 1943; Good-
year, W. A., 1873; Griggs, A. B., 1945; Griggs,
A. B. and Wells, F. G., 1<?42; Haase, L. G. , 1926;
Hornor, R. R., 19l8; Hundhausen, R. J., 1947;
Irvine, C. D., 1908; Lakes, A., 1903a, 1903b;
Lang, H., 19l6; Logan, C. A., 1919; Lowell, F. L.
L., 1915a, 1915b; Moore, D. G. , 1951; Pardee,
J. T., 1934; Paul, A. B., 1894; Stephenson. E. L. ,
1945; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, 1942a; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943, I9I+6, 1946a;
Yale, C. G., 1913
Black Silt: Moore, D. G., 1951
Blowholes - see Minor Features, Rocky Coasts
Blue Mud (See also: Green mud, Mud): Arnold, J. L., 1928;

(Belknap, G. E., 1874; Crooke, R. C., Elvitsky,
A. W. et al, 1953; Davidson, G. , 1897; Hanna, G.
D., 1952; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1946; Moyer, D. A.,
1929b; Piggot, C. S., 1932; Revelle, R. and
Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepherd, E. S., 1946; Vaughan,
T. W., 1940
Bog - see Swamp
Boric Acid - see Boron
Boring organisms (See also: Burrowing organisms, Organisms):

Becker, G. F., 1888; Blake, J., 1868b; Crooke, R.

C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953; Elliott, F. E.,
Tressler, W. L. and Myers, W. H., 1953; Fox,

D. L. and Coe, W. R., 1943; Johnson, M. W., 1948;
Johnson, M. W., Everest, F. A. and Young, R. W.,
1947; Louderback, G. D., 1924; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953a

Rock Boring Organisms: Barrows, A. L., 1913 > 1919;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Chesterman, C. W., 1952;
Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R., and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K.
0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Fenton, M. A. and Fenton,
C L., 1934; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Herold, C. L.,
1934; Lakes, A., 1903b; Lawson, A. C, 1893a,
1893b; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Menard, H. W.,
Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore, D. G. ,
Shumway, G., Silverman, M. and Stewart, H. B.,
1954; Moore, D. G., 1951; Osmont, V. C, 1904;
Putnam, W. C, 1938; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1948c, 1948d, 1949b;
Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C,
1941; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Vaughan, T. W., 1936;
Wilson, M. E., 1907

Wood Boring Organisms; Atwood, W. G. and Johnson,
A. A., 1924; Barnard, J. L., 1952; Barrows, A. L.,
1917; "Fraser, C, 1928; Graham, H. W. and Gay, H.,
1945; Hill, C. L. and Kofoid, C. A., 1927; Horon-
jeff, R. and Patrick, D. A., 1952; Kofoid, C.
A., 1921; Kofoid, C. A. and Miller, R. C, 1927;
Means, T. H., 1928, 1929; Menzies, R. J., 1951;
San Francisco Bay Marine Piling Committee, 1921,
1922, 1923; U. S. Naval Civil Engineering Research
and Evaluation Laboratory, 1951; Vaughan, T. W.,
1936

Boron including Boric Acid: Emery, K. 0., 1946b; Foote, F.
J., 1932; Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Harding, M. W. ,
1932; Harding, M. W. , and Moberg, E. G., 1934;
McClendon, J. F., Gault, C. C. and Mulholland,
S., 1917; Moberg, E. G., and Harding, H. W. , 1933;
Revelle, R., 1935, 194l; Revelle, R. and Emery,
K. 0., 1951; Shuck, 0. T., 1869; Thompson, T. G.
and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D., 1939;
Vaughan, T. W., 1933; Veach, J. A., 1859

Bottom Currents (See also: Currents; Submarine Canyons,

Currents in): Brant, I., 1925; Buffington, E. C,
1952; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Davis, W. M., 1933;
Dietz, R. S., 1952a, 1954; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W., 1951b; Dietz, R. S., Menard, H.
W., and Hamilton, E. L., 1954; Dill, R. F., Dietz,
R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Eaton, R. 0., 1951;
Emery, K. 0., 1948, 1954d; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Holway, R. S., 1905; Inman, D. L. and Quinn, W.
H., 1952; Johnson, J. W., 1948b; Ludwick, J. C,

Jr., 1950; Lesser, R. M., 1951; Natland, M. L.,
1933b; Reed, R. D., 1933a; Revelle, R., 1940;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1943;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 19521,
1953e; Shepard, F. P., 1938e, 1939d, 1940a, 194la,
1948b, 1948c, 1951e; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 1941 ; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L.,
1949, 1951a; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C,
1939; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz,
R. S., 1939; Sherzer, W. H., 1910; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1939a (including bottom velocity profile),
1940d; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1943b

Bottom Flow, i.e. Turbidity Currents. (Also see: Bottom

Currents, Interflow, Turbidity Currents): Menard,
H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951

Bottom Friction - see Friction

Bottom Photography - see Photography

Bottom Surge - see Surge

Bottom Temperature - see Temperature

Breakwater - see Engineering

Breccia (See also: Rock): Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola,
A. J. and Dietz, R. ,S., 1952; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K.
0., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1941, 1945; Shepard, F. P., 1936f; Shepard, F.
P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l

Bridge - see Land Bridge, Natural Bridge, Sea Arch

Bromine (See also: Halogens): Vaughan, T. W. , 1940

Brown Mud (See also: Red Clay): Belknap, G. E., l874a, l874b;
Davidson, G., 1897; Galliher, E. W., 1935a;
Tanner, Z. L., 1894; Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Buffer Effect: Moberg, E. G. and Harding, H. W., 1933

Burrowing Organisms (See also: Organisms): Arnold, J. L.,
1928; California Department of Public Health,
1951; Coe, W. R. and Fox, D. L., 1944; Dapples,
E. C, 1942; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dill, R. F.,
Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Emery, K. 0.,
1945a, 1952b, 1953b; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1952; Fox, D. and Coe, W. R., 1943; Fox,
D. L., Crane, S. C. and McConnaughey, B. H., 1948;
Galliher, E. W., 1935c; Herold, C. L., 1934;
Hinde, H. P., 1952; Johnson, D. W., 1910; Kuenen,
Ph. H. and Menard, H. W., 1952; Louderback, G.
D., 1924; MacGinitie, G. E., 1935, 1939; Morrison,
R. L., 1930; Palmer, R. H., 1928; Shepard, F. P.,
1948c; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1945;
ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1942b; ZoBell, C. E. and
Feltham, C. B-, 1942

By-passing of Sediment (See also: Nondeposition, Winnowing):
Beach Erosion Board, 1951; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Congressional Documents, 1953b; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W. , 1951b; Emery, K. 0., 1952; Holzman,
J. E., 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Uchupi, E., 1954

Cadmium: Vaughan, T. W., 1933

Calcareous Sediments and Rocks (See also: Algae, Carbonates,
Coquina, Limestone, Marl, Organic sediments, Reefs,
Shells): Belknap, G. E., l874a; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Hoots, H. W., 1943; Kindle, E. M., 1934; Ludwick,
J. C, Jr., 1950; Pease, W. H., 1868 (coral sand);
Revelle, R., 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Shepard, F. R., 1932, 194la; Shepard, F.
P., and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F.' P. and Grant,
U. S., 1947; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and
Dietz, R. S., 1939; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W.
F., 1937; Weeks, L. G., 1952; ZoBell, C. E. and
Feltham, C. B., 1942

Calcite (See also: Calcareous Sediments and Rocks, Carbonates,
Limestone, Marl, Mineralogy): Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Lowenstam, H. A., 1954

Calcium (See also: Algae, Calcareous Sediments and Rocks,
Calcite, Carbonates, Coquina, Limestone, Marl,
Organic sediments, Shells): Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Fox, D. L. and
Coe, W. R., 1943; Galliher, E. W., 1935c; Gee, H.,
1932; Kelley, W. P. and Liebig, G. F., 1934;
Kirk, P. L. and Moberg, E. G. , 1933; Lipman, C.
B., 1929; Lowenstam, H. A., 1954 (also Sr/ca ratio);
McKee, E. D., 1953; Moberg, E. G. and Revelle, R.,
1937; Revelle, R., 1941; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953e; Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938;

68

Special Report 44

Sverdrup, H. U. , 1940e; Sverdrup, H. U. ana atari,
19Ul (also Ca/ci ratio); Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
1942a, 1943b, (also Ca/ci ratio), 1945b; Thompson,
T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Vaughan, T. W.,
1930a, 1930b, 1931, 1932b, 191+0 ; ZoBell, C. E.,
1939, 19^1

Calcium Carbonate - see Carbonates

Calcium/chloride Ratio (Ca/cl) - see Calcium

Carbonate/Nitrogen ratio (cOo/k) - see Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio
(C/N)

Carbonates, Ca and Mg Carbonates and Bicarbonates (See also:
Algae, Aragonite, Calcareous Sediments and Rocks,
Calcite, Calcium, Chlorinity, Coquina, Limestone,
Magnesium, Marl, Organic sediments, Shells):
Chesterman, C. W. , 1952; Cohee, G. V., 1938;
Crouch, R. W., 1954; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dill, R. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0., 1941b, 1946b, 1948, 1950d, 1954b
(CaCO? for all environments); Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S. , Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J. P., 1948;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952 (also
C0t/n ratio); Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R.
E., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 1941;
Evans, R. D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938;
Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R., 1939; Galliher,
E. W., 1933; Gee, H., 1932; Gee, H., Greenberg,

D. M. and Moberg, E. G., 1932; Goldberg, E. D.,
1954; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Graham, H. W. and
Moberg, E. G., 1944; Greenberg, D. M. , Moberg,

E. G. and Allen, E. C, 1932; Holzman, J. E.,
1950; Inman, D. L., 1953b; Lipman, C B., 1929;
Lowenstam, H. A., 1954; McEwen, G. F. , 1934a;
McKee, E. D., 1953; Merriam, P. D., 1949; Moberg,

E. G., 1928b, 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Harding,
M. W., 1933; Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle, R.,
1935, 1937a, 1937h, 1938, 1941 (also CI/CO3 ratio);
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R.
and Fleming, R. H., 1934; Revelle, R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1939h; Scripps, Institution of Oceanography,
1953e; Shepard, F. P., and Grant, U. S., 1947;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Sisler,

F. 0. and ZoBell, C. E., 1951h; Stanton, T. E.,
Jr., 1938; Stevenson, R. E., and Emery K. 0., 1951;
Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D., Schmitt, W. L.
and Johnston, E. C, 1914; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a,
1940g; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1942a; Thompson,
T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D.,
I93lh, 1932a, 1932b, 1937a, 1937b, 1939; Uchupi,
E., 1954; Urry, W. D. and Piggot, C. S., 1942;
Vaughan, T. W. , 1930a, 1930b, 1930d, 1931, 1933,
1940; White, D., 1911; Williams, W., 1948; ZoBell,

C. E., 1938, 1939, 1942a, 1942b, 1946-1947, 1947b,
1947c, 1947d; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q.,
1936

Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide (See also: Gases): Ahlstrom,
E. H., 1950; Allen, E. C, 1933; Allen, W. E.,
194lc; Brongersma -Sanders, M. 1948; Bullock, F.
W., 1933; Cartwright, L. D., Jr., 1928; Couch,
E. B., 1915; Dietz, R. S., 1952a; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dill, R.
F., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1946b; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Fox, D. L., 1950; Galliher,
E. W., 1933; Gee, H., 1932; Gislen, T., 1943;
Goldberg, E. D., Baker, M. and Fox, D. L., 1952;
Graham, H. W. and Moberg, E. G., 1§44; Greenberg,

D. M., Moberg, E. G. and Allen, E. C, 1932;
Hutton, W. E. and ZoBell, C. E., 1949; Krumbein,
W. C, 1942; McClendon, F. F., Gault, CO. and
Mulholland, S., 1917; McEwen, G. F., 1915, 1919b,
1934a; Mayor, A. G., 1922; Michael, E. L., 1919,
1921; Miller, R. C, Ramage, W. D. and Lazier,

E. L., 1928; Morrison, R. L., I93O; Moberg,

E. G., 1925, 1928a, 1928b, 1930c; Moberg, E. G.
and Allen, W. E., 1927; Revelle, R. and Fleming,
R. H., 1934; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell, C. E., 1951a, 1951b;
Sommer, H. and Clark, F. N. , 1946; Stevenson,
R. E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940e, 1940g, 1944b;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l, 1943a; Tilden,
C. A., 1925; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J.,
1932; Trask, P. D. , 1934, 1939; Vaughan, T. W. ,
1930b, 1930d, 1932a, 1932b, 1932c, 1933, 1936;
Wells, R. C, 1921; ZoBell, C. E., 1939, 1942a,
1942b, 1943, 1946b, 1946-1947, 1947b, 1947c, 1947d,

1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942; ZoBell
C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F., 1943

Carbonic Acid: Emery, K. 0., 1946b; McEwen, G. F. , 1934a;

Revelle, R., 194l; Revelle, R. and Fleming, R. H.,
1934; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l; Vaughan,
T. W., 1933; Williams, W., 1948; ZoBell, C. E.,
1942b, 194Tb

Carbon - see Organic matter

Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio (c/tf): Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0.

and Rittenberg, S. C, 1951, 1952 (also CO3/N ratio)
Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939b; Trask, P. D., 1931b, 1936, 1939; Trask,
P. D. and Hammar, H. E., 1931

Carotenoids - see Pigments

Cavernous Sand: Emery, K. 0., 1945a; Emery, K. 0. and Steven-
son, R. E., 1950

Cement of Sediments and Rocks (See also: Calcite, Carbonates,
Limonite, Silica): Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola,
A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Chesterman, C. W.,
1952; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Dietz, R. S. and Emery,
K. 0., 1938b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0., and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1945a, 1946b;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J.
F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E., 1950; Krumbein,
W. C, 1942; Merriam, P. D., 1949; Revelle, R.
and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepard, F. P. and Grant,
U. S., 1947

Cenozoic: Shepard, F. P., 1952a

Cesium: Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932

Channels: Anonymous, 1940d, 1951b, 1952e; Beach Erosion

Board, 1951, 1952b; Blake, J., 1868b; Bllnn, F. S.,
1928; Bowman, A., 1873; Bucher, W. H., 194£>; Calif-
ornia, University of, 1945a; Congressional Documents
1908g, 1926, 1938b, 1938d, 1941, 1949a, 1949e;
Davidson, G. , 1864; Davis, W. M., 1932; Emery, K.
0., and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Galliher, E. W., 1933,
1935a; Herhardt, J. R. and Jehn, K. H., 1954;
Gilbert, G. D., 1917; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Inman, D. L., 1949 (tidal
inlet); James, E. L., 1950; Lawson, J. S., 1862;
LeConte, J., 189I; Louderback, G. D., 1920, 1940;
McOuat, H. W., 1951; Menard, H. W. , 1952; Menard,
H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C,
1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a (tidal inlet); Revelle,
R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shalowitz, A. L., 1951;
Shepard, F. P., 1950b, 1951e, 1952a; Shuler, W. R.,
1952; Smith, W. S. T., 1897; Stevenson, R. E.,
1954; Swain, F. E., 1951; Toit, A. L. du., 1940;
Upham, W., 1899; U. S. Coast Survey, 1864; ZoBell,
C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942

Beach and Nearshore : Anonymous, 1940d; Arthur, R.
S., 1950; Congressional Documents, 1938b; Darrow,
W. E., 1942; Davidson, G. , l873c; Emery, K. 0.,
1945a; Gibson, W. M., 1951; Grant, U. S., 1948;
Johnson, D. W., 1910; McKee, E. D., 1953; Munk,
W. H., and Traylor, M. A., 1947; Palmer, R. H.,
1928; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1950f,
1950g; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond,

E. C,., 194l; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Tower, M. L.,
1910, 1913

Submarine Canyons and Continental Slope Channels:
Bucher, W. H., 194o7~ Buffington, E. C, 1951, 1952;
Dietz, R. S., 1954; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S.
and Stewart, H., 1954; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick,
J. C., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1936f; Shepard, F.
P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l

Surge Channels: Hanna, G. D., 1951, 1952; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952
Chert: Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 194la; Emery,
K. 0. and Shenard, F. P., 1945; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Shepard,

F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shumway, G. A.,
1953

Chlorides - see Chlorinity, Sulfate/chloride Ratio

Chlorine - see Chlorinity

Chlorinity, Chlorine, Chlorides (See also: Calcium, Halogens,
Sulfate/chloride Ratio): California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1950; California Bureau of Sanitary

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

69

Engineering, 1952; California Department of Fish
and Game, 1951 ; Devaputra, D. Thompson, T. G.
and Utterback, C. £., 1932; Emery, K. 0., 1946b,
1953a, 195^d; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C.,
1951, 1952; Graham, H. W. and Gay, H., 1945;
Harding, M. W., 1932; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Lipman,
C. B., 1929; McClendon, J. F., Gault, C. C. and
Mulholland, S., 1917; McEwen, G. F., 1934a;
McKee, E. D. , 1953; Patrick, D. A., 1950; Phelps,
A., 1940; Revelle, R., 194l (ci/ccO, 1950;
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; San Diego
Regional Water Pollution Control Board, 1952;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1950g;
Schneider, W. A., 1954; Skogsberg, T., 193<S; Smith,
P. V., Jr., I95I+; Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a ; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, 1942a, 1943b; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson,
R. J., 1932; Tilden, C. A., 1925; Topp, E. P.,
1929; Urry, W. D., and Piggot, C. S., 1942; U. S.
Hydrographic Office, 1934b; Vaughan, T. W. , 1940;
Veach, J. A., 1859; Wooster, W. S., 1950, 1952; Zo-
Bell, C. E., 1941

Chlorite (See also: Rock): Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H.,
1941

Chlorophyll: California Academy of Sciences, California Div-
ision of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography of the University of California, and
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951b;
Graham, H. W., 1943

Chromium: Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951

Classification of Shorelines - see Shorelines

Clastics (See also: Rock): Revelle, R., 1939b

Clay (See also: Phillipsite, Red Clay): Including Clays in:

Bays, Estuaries, Harbors, Lagoons, Marshes, Sloughs,
Tide Flats etc; Anonymous, 1906a; Arnold, J. L.,
1928; Buck, C. D., 1928; California Department of
Fish and Game, 1951; California Department of
Public Health, 1951; Collins, L. B., 1931; Congress-
ional Documents, 1940e; Coxe, L. C, 1949; Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Dapples, E. C,
1942; Dietz, R. S., 194l; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K.
0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Emery, K. 0.
and Gould, H., 1948; Galliher, E. W., 1932b, 1935a,
1935c; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W.
F. , 1949; Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge
Commission, 1930; Inman, D. L., 1949; Kelley, W. P.
and Liebig, G. F., Jr., 1934; Lawson, A. C, 1914;
Louderback, G. D. , 1940; McKee, E. D., 1953; Mac-
Ginitie, G. E., 1927, 1935; Menard, H. W. and
Ludwick, J. C., 1951; Moberg, E. G. , Fleming,
R. H., Heusner, K. and Revelle, R., 1937; Nelson,
J. W., Dean, W. C, Kocher, A. E., Watson, E. B.
and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Putnam, J. A., Bermel,
K. J. and Johnson, J. W. , 1947; Revelle, R., 194l,
1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; San
Diego Regional Water Pollution Control Board, 1952;
Sears, C. B., 1876; Shepard, F. P., 1949d, 1951b;
Sisler, F. P. and ZoBell, C. E., 1950; Smith,
A. G. and MacKenzie, G. , Jr., 1948; Stevenson, R.
E., 1954; Trask, P. D., 1928, 1931a, 1934, 1939
(also delta), 1950; Trask, P. D. and Rolston, J.
W., 1950a, 1950b; Vaughan, T. W. , 1933, 1942b;
ZoBell, c. E., 1938, 1942b, 1943, 1946b, 1946-1947,
1947b; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936;
ZoBell, C. E., and Feltham, C. B., 1942
Abyssal (See also: Red Clay); Belknap, G. E., l874a;
Dietz, R. S., 194l; Goldberg, E. D. , 1954; Grim,
R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949;
Revelle, R., 1935, 1937a; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953e; Shepard, F. P., 1950a; Urry,
W. D. and Piggot, C. S., 1942

Bank: Emery, K. 0., 1948; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F., 1949

Basin: Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F.
P., 1942; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952;
Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949;
Revelle, R., 1938, 1939b (brown clay), 194la;
Shepard, F. P., 1939d, 1940a, 1951d; Trask, P. D.,
1931b (green clay)

Beach and Wearshore: Anonymous, 1915, 19l6a; Calif-
ornia, University of, 1953a, 1953b; Congressional
Documents, 1953b; Griggs, A. B. and Wells, F. G.,
1942; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Johnson, A. G. , 1935;

McKee, E. D., 1953; Mason, E. H., 1930; Merriam,
P. D., 1949 (coastal sand dunes); Shuler, W. R.,
1952 (clay-balls); Trask, P. D. , and Scott, T. ,
1954; Twenhofel, W. H., 1946; Vaughan, T. W. , 1940
Continental Shelf: Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W.
et al, 1953; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Gould, H., 1948; Galliher, E. W., 1935b; Gorsline,

D. S., 1954; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley,
W. F., 1949; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Moore, D. G. ,
1951 (also black clay); Revelle, R. and Emery, K.
0., 1951 (continental borderland); Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b (continental borderland);
Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1939b, 1949b; Shepard, F. P.
and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Wrath, W. F., 1937

Continental Slope: Dill, R. F., 1952
Submarine Canyons : Cohee, G. V., 1938; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W- S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F. ,
1949; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Shepard, F. P., 1933c,
1948b, 1953; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Claystone (See also: Clay, Mudstone, Rock): Butcher, W. S.,
1951a

Cliff Erosion: Anonymous, 1916a, 1938a, 1940c; Allen, W. E.,
194la; Ashley, G. H., 1931; Bascom, W. N., 1946a;
Beach Erosion Board, 1948i, 1953c; Bruff, S. C,
1946; Buwalda, J., 1936; Congressional Documents,
1942b, 1949b, 1949f; Couch, E. B., 1915; Davis, W.
M., 1932; Davis, W. M., Putnam, W. C. and Richards,
G. L., Jr., 1931; Diller, J. S., 1902; Emery, K. 0.,
194lb, 1946b, 1954a; Emmonds, S. F. and Merrill,
G. P., 1894; Fairbanks, H. W. , 1897, 1904; Goldberg,
J., 1940; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937,
1938b; Hall, W. C, 1942; Handin, J. W., 1949;
Hanna, M. A., 1926; Hannum, G. W. T. , 1944; Harts,
W. W. , 1911; Hertlein, L. G. and Grant, U. S., 1944;
Inman, D. L., 1953a; Isaacs, J. D., 1947a; Lakes,
A., 1903b; Lawson, A. C, 1893b, l<?l4; Leypoldt,
H., 194lb; Leeds, C. T., 1936; Leonard, A. G.,
1925; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Louderback, G. D.,
1940; McKee, E. D., 1953; McLellan, M. E., 1925;
O'Brien, M. P., 1939; 0 'Shaughnessy, M. M., 1924;
Page, G. B., 1950; Place, J. L., 1952; Putnam, W.
C, 1938; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Richardson, R. W., 1923; Shepard, F. P., 194la,
1943b, 1950b, 1950c, 1950g; Shepard, F. P. and
Grant, U. S., 1947; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D.
L., 1951b; Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952; Smith, W. D.,
1930; Smith, W. S. T., 1897, 1900; Stevenson, R. E.,
1954; Swinnerton, A. C, 1927; Trask, P. D., 1952b;
Vaughan, T. W., 1930a, 1930b, 1930c, 1931, 1932d;
Walters, L., 1953; Wanless, H. R., 1950; Williams,
W., 1948; Wilson, M. E., 1907; Yates, L. G., 1890b

Cliff Erosion, Rate: Anonymous, 1938a; Emery, K. 0., 194lb;
Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937, 1938b;
Handin, J. W., 1949, 1951; Hertlein, L. G. and
Grant, U. S., 1944; Inman, D. L., 1953a; Krumbein,
W. C, 1947; Lakes, A., 1903b; Lawson, A. C, 1893a;
Leeds, C. T., 1936; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939;
O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1939; Schupp, R. D. , 1953;
Shepard, F. P., 1943b, 1949b; Shepard and Grant,
U. S., 1947; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1951b;
Vaughan, T. W., 1930a, 1930c, 1931, 1932d

Coagulation (See also: Precipitation): Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939b

Coastal Plain: Cotton, C. A., 1942; Gulliver, F. P., 1896;
King, R. E., 1939

Coastal Sand Dunes: Anonymous, 1938a, 1950d, 1950e, 1954m;
Aldrich, L. and Smith, H. G. , 1948; Alexander,
C. S., 1950; Anderson, F. M., 1896-1902; Baldwin,

E. M., 1945; Bascom, W. N. , 1947c, 1947d, 1950c;
Beach Erosion Board, 1948a, 1948h, 1948i, 1952a,
1953c, 1954a; Beal, C. H., 1915; Blake, J., l868a;
Blake, W. P., 1853, 1856; Bowers, S., 1878;
Bremner, C. St. J., 1933 (dune structure); Butler,
M. M., 1936; California, University of, 1952a;
Campbell, M. P., 1915 J Carpenter, E. J. and Storie,
R. E., 1929; Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938a; Congress-
ional Documents, 1940a, 1949b, 1953b; Cooper, W.
S., 1927, 1934; Darton, K. H., 1921; Davidson, G.,
1864, 1897; Diller, J. S., 1896, 1898, 1901; Dunkle,
M. B., 1950; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Eckis, R., 1934;
Emery, K. 0., 1945a, 1952a, 1954b; Emery, K. 0.

and Stevenson, R. E. , 1950; Fairbanks, H. W., 1904;

70

Special Report 44

Gibbs, R. e., 1900; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Gold-
berg, J., 1940; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S.,
1944; Grant, U. S. and Sheppard, W. E., 1939;
Griesbach, J. 0., 1947; Gulliver, F. P., 1896;
Hall, W. C, 1942; Handin, J. W. , I9U9, 1951;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Holmes, L- C. and Pendleton,
R. L., 1918; Hoover, J. W. , 1932; Inman, D. L.,
1949; Isaacs, J. D., 19^5d, 194$k; Isaacs, J. D.
and Bascom, W. N. , 1947, 1949; Ives, R. L., 1951;
James, E. L., 1950; Johnson, a. G., 1935, 1940c
(as source of beach material), 1951; Johnson, J.
W., 1949a; Keller-, W. D., 194l, 1945; Kemnitzer,
L. E., 1933; Kniffen, F. B., 1932; Krumbein, W. C.,
1947; Lawson, A. C., 1914; Lawson, J. S., 1862;
Lawton, C. H., 1936; Leeds, C. T., 1936; Lian, H.
M., 1952; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; MacDonald, G.
A., 1934; McKee, E. D., 1953; McKee, R. and Schoth, H.
A., 19^1; McLaughlin, W. T. and Brown, R. L., 19^3;
Marlette, J. W. , 1954; Marshall, W. C, 193^5 Martens,
J. H. C, 1939; Mason, M. A., 1950b; Melton, F. A.,
19^0; Mendenhall, W. C, 1905; Merriam, P. D., 19^9;
Messner, W. E., 195*+; Morrison, R. L., 1930;
Nelson, E. W., 1922; Nelson, J. W., Dean, W. C,
Kocher, A. E., Watson, E. B. and Carpenter, E. J.,
1920; Nelson, J. W., Zinn, C. J., Strahorn, A. T.,
Watson, E. B. and Dunn, J. E., 1919; Nicholson, G.
F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C.,
1946; Norris, R. M. , 1951, 1952; O'Brien, M. P.,
1936a, 1939; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1908, 1910a (types
of dunes), 1910b; Page, G. B., 1950 (profiles);
Pierce, W. D. and Pool, D., 1938; Place, J. L.,
1952; Purer, E. A., 1936 (origin), 1942; Reed, R.
D., 1930b; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Richardson, R. W., 1923; Sanford, J. J., 1908;
Sears, C. B., 1876; Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1949b;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., lS>4l; Shepard,

F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Sinnott, A.,

194l; Smith, P. A., 1940; Smith, W. D. , 1933a, 1933b,

1933c; Shaveley, P. D. , Jr., 1951; Stock, C, 1935,

1936; Storie, R. E. and Carpenter, E. J., 1929,

1930; Storie, R. E., Cole, R. C, Owen, B. C,

Koehler, L. F., Anderson, C. A., Leighty, W. J.

and Retzer, J. L., 1944; Symons, T. W. , 1893;

Thompson, W. 0., 1934, 1937; Twenhofel, W. H., 1946;

Vickery, F. P., 1927a; Wanless, H. R., 1950; Weaver,

C. E., 19^9; White, D. , 1911; Wiggins, I. L., 1929 (?);

Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N. and Kew, W. S.

W., 1946; Yates, L. G., 1892
Coastal Sand Dune Movement (See also: Wind Transport): Blake,

J., 1868a, 1868b; Cambell, M. R., 1915; Leeds, C.

T., 1936 (wind blown sand, sand drift); Smith, W.

D., 1933c
Cobalt: Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Lowenstam, H. A., 1954;

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953e
Cobble Beach, Shingle Beach (See also: Beach Cusps, Gravel):

Anonymous, 1938a; Anderson, C. A., 1950; Ashley,

G. H., I896; Bartlett, W. A., 1852; Beach Erosion
Board, 1948i, 1952a; California, University of,
1952a; Carsola, A. J., and Dietz, R. S., 1952;
Cartwright, L. D. , Jr., 1928; Clements, T. and
Dana, S. W. , 1944; Congressional Documents, 1938a,
19toa, 1942b, 19^9f, 1953b; Cook, E. H., 1908;
Couch, E. B., 1915; Davis, W. M., 1932; Emery, K.

0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l (also beach conglomerate);
Haase, L. G., 1926; Hall, W. C, 1938; Handin, J.
W., 191+9; Hoover, J. W., 1932a; Horton, D. F.,
191*8; Inman, D. L., 1953b; Isaacs, J. D. and
Bascom, W. N. , 19^7; Johnson, D. W., 19 10; Johnson,
W. M., I856; Krumbein, W. C, 1947; Lawson, A. C,
18914-; Leeds, C. T., 19 16, 1936; McKee, E. D.,
1953; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Martens, J. H. C,
1939; Mason, M. A., 1942; Norris, R. M. , 1951;
Paguirigan, F. , 191+1; Putnam, W. C, 1938;
Richardson, R. W., 1923; Ritter, W. E., 1901; Schupp,
R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1935d, 1938g, 1950b,
1950g; Smith, W. S. T., 1898; Thompson, W. 0.,
1937; Walters, L., 1953; Whitney, J. D., 1865;
Willis, B., 1900 (beach conglomerate)

Cobbles - see Gravel

ColloiJs, including Colloidal Sediments (See also: Precipi-
tation of Sediments, various types of colloidal
sediments): Allen, W. E., 194ld; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., 1946b; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Fox, D. L., 1950; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and

Corcoran, E. F. , 1952; Galliher, E. W., 1933;
Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Revelle, R., 1935, 1937b,
1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1953e; Trask, P. D.,
1931a; Urry, W. D. and Piggot, C. S., 1942; ZoBell.
C. E., 1938, 1939, 19>+2b, 1947b; ZoBell, C. E. and
Anderson, D. Q. , 1936

Collophane: Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., 194la, 1948; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Uchupi, E., 1954

Color of Sediments (See also: various colors of sediments):
Anonymous, 1954m; Cartwright, L. D., Jr., 1928;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1942; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz,
R. S., 1950; Galliher, E. W. , 1935c; Gorsline, D.
S., 1954; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Krumbein, W. C,
1942; Moore, D. G., 1951; Nelson, J. W., Dean,
W. C, Kocher, A. E., Watson, E. B. and Carpenter,
E. J., 1920; Nelson, J. W. , Zinn, C. J., Strahorn,
A. T., Watson, E. B. and Dunn, J. E., 1919; Norris,
R. M., 1951; Page, G. B., 1950; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Trask, P. D. and Scott, T., 1954; ZoBell, C. E.,
1938
Compaction: Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dill, R. F. , 1952; Emery,
K. 0., 1945a, 1948, 1950e; Emery, K. 0., and
Dietz, R. S., 1941; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1951, 1952; Krumbein, W. C, 1942, 1947;
Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S.
C, 19^1; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D. , 1942;
Revelle, R., 1950; Shepard, F. P., 1949b; Stockman,
L. P., 1949b; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l;
Trask, P. D., 1931a; Varney, F. M. and Redwine,
L. E., 1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1944

Competance: Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 19^9

Concentration of Sediments in the Surf Zone (See also:
Beach Cycles, Littoral Drift, Rip Currents,
Suspended Sediments, Transport of Sediments):
Grant, U. S., 1943; Handin, J. W., 1949; LaFond,

E. C, 1939b; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Munk, W. H.,
1949b; Shepard, F. P., 1942a, 1950c, 1950f, 1950g;
Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C,
194l; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1940, 1942;
Watts, G. M. and Others, 1953

Concrete: Schaufele, H. J., 1951

Concretions (See also: Barite, Manganese, Nodules, Oolites,
Phosphorite): Emery, K. 0., 1945a, 1946b, 1950a,
1950d; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Galliher, E. W. , 1933; Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933;
Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Lakes, A., 1903b; Revelle,
R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1949b,
1950b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., l§4l;
Wooster, W. S., 1951

Condensation (See also: Fog, Meteorology): Sverdrup, H. U.,
1939c

Conduction: Goldberg, E. D. , 1954 (electrical conductivity);
Leipper, D. F., 1947; Lipman, C. B., 1929; McEwen,
G. F., 1929, 1933, 1934a, 1937b; Mayor, A. G. ,
1922 (electrical conductivity); Moberg, E. C,
1928a, 1930c; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953e (thermal conductivity); Sverdrup, H. U.,
1938a

Conglomerate (See also: Cobble Beach): Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Cohee, G. V., 1938; Clark, B. L., 1931; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R., and Shepard,

F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952; Emery, K.
0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Hanna, G. D. , 1952; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952; Landes, K. K. , 1952a; McKee, E.
D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1935c, 1936f, 194la,
1949b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Thompson,
W. 0., 1937; Trask, P. D. , 1931b; Uchupi, E.,
1954; Vaughan, T. W., 1936, 1940; Willis, B.,
1900

Consolidation, Lithification: Trask, P. D., 1931a; Trask,

P. D. and Rolston, J. W. , 1950b
Continental Borderland: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Congressional

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

71

Documents, 1953b; Dietz, R. S., 1938, 1952a, 1952b;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1942; Eardley, A. J., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 1952a;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Handin,
J. W., 1949; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Holzman, J. E.,
1950; Krynine, P. D., 1937; Ludwick, J. C, Jr.,
1950; Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle, R. and Emery,
K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1937c, 1948c,
1951a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a;
Uchupi, E., 1954; Upson, J. E., 1951; Wisser, E.,
195^

Continental Drift: Bucher, W. H., 1939; Gutenberg, B.,
1936b; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952

Continental Shelf: Anonymous, 1938a, 1940d, 1946a, 1950b,
1952e, 1954j; Agassiz, A., 1905; Allen, W. E.,
1923f, I9I+5; Anderson, F. M., 1896-1902; Armstrong,
T. A., 1954; Bandy, 0. L-, 1953a; Beach Erosion
Board, 1948h, 1948i, 1952b, 1954a; Belknap, G. E.,
1874b; Bucher, W. H., 1940; Buffington, E. C,
1951, 1952; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Bullard, E. C,
1940; California, University of, 195to; Chesterman,
C. W., 1952; Clark, B. L., 1931; Clary, W. W.,
1949; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congressional Documents,
1953b; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953;
Crowell, J. C, 1947, 1952; Daly, R. A., 1939;
Davidson, G., 1875a, l875"b, 1887, 1897; Davis,
W. M., Putnam, W. C. and Richards, G. J., Jr.,
1931; Defant, A., 1950a; Dietz, R. S., 1938, 1951
(continental terrace), 1952a, 1952b; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0- and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R.
S. and Menard, H. W. , 1951a, 1951b; Dill, R. F.,
1952; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H.,
1954; Diller, J. S., 1902; Dunham, J. W. , 1951;
Dunkle, M. P., 1944, 1950; Eaton, J. E., 1932,
19^3; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0., 19^7b,
1947c, 1950c, 1951, 1952a, 1952b, 1954b; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., -Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S.,
1950; Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H., 1948; Emery,
K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1941, 1945; Emmonds, S. F.
and Merrill, G. P., 1894; Ewmg, G. C, 1950c;
Fairbanks, H. W., 1897, 1904; Fisher, R. L. and
Mills, R., 1952; Fleming, R. H., 1937-1938; Ford,
J. L. C.j 1942; Fox, D. L., 1937; Gale, H. S. and
Others, 1932; Galliher, E. W., 1935a, 1935b;
Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950;
Gorsline, D. G., 1954; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Gross, H. E., 19^5;
Gutenberg, B., 194la; Handin, J. W., 1949; Handin,
J. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1949; Hanna, G. D.,
1952; Hansen, H. A. and Pemberton, J. R., 1950;
Hershey, 0. H., 1902, 1903; Hill, R. T., 1928b;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hobbs, W. H., 1921; Holway,
R. S., 1905; Horrer, P. L., 1950; Hughes, R. V.,
1932; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1950, 1953b; Jeffreys,
H., 193^; Jenkins, 0. P., 1943a; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
1947; LaFond, E. C, Dietz, R. S. and Knauss,
J. A., 1950; Landes, K. K. , 1952a; Lawson, A. C,
1893a, 1893b, 1924, 1939, 1950; LeConte, J.,
1891 ; Leeds, C. T., 1936; Littlehales, G. W., 1932a;
Louderback, G. D., 1930; Lukens, R. R., 1933;
McEwen, G. F., 1927; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Marlette, J. W. , 1954; Maxson,
J. H., 1932; Meinesz, F. V. A., 19^1; Miller,
J. C, 1953; Miller, R. L., 1954; Mitchell, G. D.,
1928; Moore, D. G., 1951; Mouton, M. W. , 1952;
Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1939;
Pardee, J. T., 1934; Patton, R. S., 1930; Pratt,
W. E., 19^7; Putnam, W. C, 1937b; Revelle, R.,
1938, 1950; Revelle, R., and Shepard, F. P., 1939a,
1939b, 1943; Richter, C. F., 1940; Richter, C. M. ,
1887; Richardson, R. W. , 1923; Rothwell, W. T. J.,
1946; Rude, G. T., 1934; Sanford, J. J., 1908;
Schupp, R. D. , 1953; Scripps Institution of Ocean-
ography, 1952i; Shaler, N. S., 1892, 1895; Shepard,
F. P., 1932, 1933a, 1933b, 1933c, 1934a, 193 to,
1935a, I935e, 1937b, I937d, 1937e, I937f, 1937g,
1938f, 1939b, I939d, 1940a, 1940c, I940d, 1940e,
194la, I94lb, I942h, 1943a, 1947b, 1948c, 1949b,
1949c, 1949d, 1950e, 1951a, 1951e, 1952a, 1953;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l, 1945;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951b;

Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1934, 1938;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939;
Shuler, W. R., 1952; Smith, W. D., 1919, 1933a, 1933b,
1933o; Smith, W. S. T., 1900, 1902; Sneddon, R.,
1948; Spencer, J. W. , I89O; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a,
1940g, 1944b; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l;
Thompson, W. C, 1949 Toit, A. L., du., 1940;
Trask, P. D. , 1930, 1931b, 1939; Treasher, R. C,
1937; Udden, J. A., 19l4; Updegraff, D. M., 1948;
"Upham, W., 1899; Vaughan, T. W. , 194C; Ward, H.
A., 1952; Weeks, L. G. , 1952; Wharton, M., 1948;
Woodford, A. 0., 1951; Woodring, W. P., 1938a;
Woollard, G. P., 1951; ZoBell, C. E-, 1938

Continental Shelf, Glaciation on: Davidson, G., l875a;
Shepard, F. P., 1932

Continental Shelf, Gradient, Slope: Anonymous, 1938a; Beach
Erosion Board, 1952b; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Congressional Documents, 1953b; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W., 1951b; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1950; Lawson, A. C,
1893a, 1924, 1950; Leeds, C. T., 1936; MacDonald,

G. A., 1934; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Moore, D. G.,
1951; Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a,
1939; Putnam, W. C, 1937b; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,
G. A., 1938; Shuler, W. R., 1952; Smith, W. D.,
1933c; Smith, W. S. T., 1900; Woodford, A. 0.,
1951

Continental Shelf, Origin:

Erosion (subaerial or submarine erosion, generally
by waves and currents): Bucher, W. H., 1940;
Davidson, "gT, 1875a; Dietz, R. S., 1951, 1952b;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^2;
Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W. , 1951a and 1951b
(also includes the continental slope); Eaton, R.
0., 1951; Fairbanks, H. W., 1897; Lawson, A. C,
1893a; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Miller, J. C,
1953; Pratt, W. E., 1947; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Shepard, F. P., 1949d, 1950e; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,
G. A., 1938; Smith, W. D. , 1933b; Smith, W. S. T.,
1900, 1902

Sedimenation: Bucher, W. H., 1940; Bullard, E. C,
1940 ; Dietz, R. S., 1951, 1952b; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W. , 1951a and 1951b (also includes the
continental slope); Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Fairbanks,
H. W., 1897; Miller, J. C, 1953; Pratt, W. E.,
1947; Shepard, F. P., 1938f, 1940e, 1949d;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1945; Shepard,
F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Smith, W. S. T.,
1900
Structural, including faulting and warping: Bullard,

E. C, 1940; Dietz, R. S., 1951~952b; Emery, K.
0., 1950c; Lawson, A. C, 1924, 1939; Miller, J.
C, 1953; Pratt, W. E., 1947; Shepard, F. P.,
1940e; Toit, A. L. du, 1940 (also includes the
continental slope)

Other: Davidson, G., l875a; Dietz, R. S. and Menard,
H. W., 1951a, 1951b; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Miller,
J. C, 1953; Toit, A. L. du, 1940
Continental Shelf Profiles: Anonymous, 1938a; Dietz, R. S.
and Menard, H. W. , 1951b; Dill, R. F. , 1952;
Inman, D. L-, 1950; LaFond, E. C, Dietz, R. S.
and Knauss, J. A., 1950; Lawson, A. C, 1924;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard,

F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937 (insular shelf)
Continental Shelf, Width: Beach Erosion Board, 1948h, 1948i;

Belknap, G. E., l874b; Congressional Documents,
1953b; Dietz, H. W. and Menard, H. W. , 1951b;
Dunkle, M. B., 1950; Fairbanks, H. W., 1897; Ford,
' J. L. C, 1942; Handin, J. W. , 19^9; Hansen, H. A.
and Pemberton, J. R., 1950; Inman, D. L., 1950;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 19^7; Lawson, A. C, 1924, 1950;
Leeds, C. T. , 1936; Marlette, J. W. , 1954; Miller,
J. C, 1953; Moore, D. G., 1951; Pardee, J. T.,
1934; Pratt, W. E., 19^7; Sanford, J. J., 1908;
Shepard, F. P., 1939b, 19*+0c; Shuler, W. R., 1952;
Smith, W. D., 1933b; Smith, W. S. T., 1900, 1902;
Sneddon, R., 1948; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l;
Wharton, M., 19to
Continental Slope: Beal, C. H., 1945; Bucher, W. H., 1940;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Buffington, E. C, 1951,
1952; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952;
Chesterman, C. W., 1952; Clements, T. and Emery,

Special Report 44

K. 0., 1947; Cochrane, J. D. and Arthur, R. S.,
1914-8; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congressional Documents,
1953b; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Daly, R. A., 1939;
Davis, W. M , 1933; Dietz, R. S., 1938, 1951, 1952a,
1952b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0., and Shepard,
F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951a,
1951b; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dill, R. F. , Dietz, R.
S. and Stewart, H., 195^; Diller, J. S., 1915;
Eardley, A. J., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 1948, 1950c,
1951, 1952b, 1953a, 1954a, 1954b, 1954d; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^5;
Fleming, R. H., 1937-1938; Handin, J. W. , 1949;
Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hansen, H. A- and Pemberton,
J. R., 1950; Hess, H. H. and MacClintock, P.,
1936; Hill, R. T., 1928b; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952;
Holway, R. S., 1905; Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen,
Ph. H., 1947; Landes, K. K., 1952a; Lawson, A.
C, 19214-, 1939, 1950; Littlehales, G. W., 1932a,
1932b; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Maxson, J. H., 1932;
Menard, H. W. and Dietz, R. S., 1951; Menard, H.
W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1951; Pratt, W. E., 1947;
Raitt, R. W., 1914-9; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939b; Sanford, J. J., 1908; Shaler, N. S.,
1895; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933a, 1934b, 1936c,
l936e, I936f, I937g, I938f, 19381, I939h, 1940b,
1940c, 19l4-Od, 1940e, 1941a, 194lc, 1943a, 1950e,
1951a, 1951b, 1951e, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and
Beard, C. N. , 1938; Shepard, F. P., and Emery, K.
0., 194l; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Smith, W. S. T., 1900, 1902;
Sverdrup, H. U. , 1940g; Toit, A. L. du., 1940;
Trask, P. D., 1939; Trask, P. D. and Hammar,

H. E., 1931; Udden, J. A., 1914; Vaughan, T. W.,

1940; Woodford, A. 0., 1951; Wooster, W. S., 1951
Continental Slope, Coarse Material at Break in Slope:

Shepard, F. P., 1944d
Continental Slope, Gradient: Dietz, R. S., 1952b; Dietz,

R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b; Dill, R. F., 1952;

Emery, K. 0., 1950c; Inman, D. L., 1950; Lawson,

A. C, 1924; Littlehales, G. W., 1932a, 1932b;

Sanford, J. J., 1908; Shepard, F. P., 194la;

Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938; Shumway,

G. A., 1953; Smith, W. S. T., 1900; Toit, A. L. du. ,
1940

Continental Slope, Origin:

Erosion: Bucher, W. H., 1940; Dietz, R. S. and

Menard, H. W. , 1951a and 1951b (also includes

the continental shelf)

Sedimentation: Bucher, W. H., 1940; Dietz, R. S.,

1951 (also includes the continental shelf); Dietz,

R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951a, 1951b; Emery,

K. 0., 1950c

Structural, including faulting and warping: Dietz,

R. S., 1951, 1952b (also includes the continental

shelf); Diller, J. S., 1915; Emery, K. 0., 1950c,

Landee, K. K. , 1952a; Lawson, A. C, 1939, 1950;

Shepard, F. P., 1940e; Toit, A. L. du, 1940

Other : Dietz, R. S., 1951; Dietz, R. S. and Menard,

H. W., 1951a, 1951b; Emery, K. 0., 1950c

Continental Terrace - see Continental Shelf

Convection, including Convection Currents: Brongersma-Sanders,
M., 1948; Bullock, F. W. , 1933; Cummings, N. W.,
1950; Ewing, G. C, 1950b; McEwen, G. F., 1916,
1929, 1933, 1937b, 1937-1938; Moberg, E. G. , 1930b;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Rice, E.
K., 1951; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1952i; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938a, 1939b, 1944b;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Allen, W. E., 1939 (connection
layer); Uchupi, E., 1954 (convection layer)

Convergence, Waves etc.: Arthur, R. S., 1950; Burt, tW. V.
and Saur, J. F. T., Jr., 1948; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1950; Cochrane, J. D. and Arthur, R. S.,
1948; Congressional Documents, 1953; Dawson, E. Y.,
1952; Dunham, J. W. , 1951; Ewing, G. C, 1950b,
1950c; Grant, U. S., 1946; Grant, U. S. and
Shepard, F. P., 1946; Handin, J. W. , 1951; Horrer,
1950; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953a; Marlette, J. W.,
1954; Munk, W. H., 1948; Munk, W. H. and Anderson,

E. R., 1948; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1947;
Nicholson, G. F. , Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P.
and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Peel, K. P., 1951;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953c; Shepard,

F. P., 1949a, 1950b, 1950c, 1950g, 1951a, 1952a;
Shepard, F. P. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Shepard,
F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951a, 1951b;
Shepard, F. P. and Sayner, D. B., 1953; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1938a; Vaughan, T. W. , 1940; Williams, E.
A. and Isaacs, J. D. , 1952

Cooling: Jacobs, W. C., 1949; McEwen, G. F., 1934b; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1938a, 1939=

Copepods (See also: Plankton, Zooplankton) : Allen, w. E.,

1920, 1923f, 1927c; Bigelow, 'H. B. and Leslie, M. ,
1930; Bush, J. B., 1930; California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1950; California Academy of Sciences,
California Division of Fish and Game, Stanford
University, Hopkins Marine Station, U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, South Pacific Fisheries Investi-
gation, University of California, Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 1953; Dietz, R. S., 1948;
Esterly, C. 0., 1911, 1912, 1923, 1928b; Johnson,
M. W., 1939a; Lewis, R. C, 1927; Mason, E. H.,
1930; Moberg, E G., 1925, 1928d; Murphy, H. E.,
1924; Russell, F. S., 1934 (including composition
of); Taylor, C. V. and Vaughan, T. W., 1934;
Vaughan, T. W. , 1934; ZoBell, C. E., 1942a

Copper: Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; Marks, G. W., 1938; Revelle,
R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Thompson, T. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D., 1939; ZoBell,
C E., 1939

Coprolites: Coe, W. R., 1945; Dapples, E. C., 1942; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0., 1948; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Fox, D. L.,
1937, 1950; Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L. J., 194l;
Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. , Novelli, G. D. , 1944;
Galliher, E. W. , 1932, 1935a, 1935c; Phleger,
F. B., 1951; Vaughan, T. W. , 1933

Coquina {see also: Carbonates, Limestone, Marl, Shells):
Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; McKee, E. D. , 1953

Coral Reefs - see Corals, Reefs

Corals: Anonymous, 1942; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola, A.
J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S.,
Menard, H. W. , and Hamilton, E. L., 1954; Durham,
J. W., 1942; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R.
E., 1950; Fraser, C. McL., 1943; Haase, L. G. ,
1926; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hertlein, L. G. and
Emerson, W. K. , 1953; Natland, M. L., Revelle,
R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l; Pease, W. H., 1868
(also coral sand); Shepard, F. P., 1932; Shepard,

F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P.
and Emery, K. 0., 1945; Uchupi, E., 1954; Vaughan,
T. W., 1930d, 1931, 1940

Cores and Coring (See also: Dredging, Snapper Samples):

Anonymous, 1944b; Atwill, E. R., 1942;. Bartholomew,
J. W. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194-9; California,
University of, 1953a, 1953b; Cohee, G. V., 1938;
Crouch, R. W., 1951; Dietz, R. S., 1954; Di'etz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0., and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Dill, R. F., 1952; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and
Stewart, H., 1952, 1954; Emery, K. 0., 1954b;
Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1939, 194l; Emery,
K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1951, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy,
R. H., 1941; Emiliani, C, 1954; Ford, J. L. C,
1942; Fox, D. L., 1937, 1944a, 1944b, 1950; Fox,
D. L. and Anderson, L. T., 1941; Fox, D. L.,
Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D., 1944;
Galliher, E. W. , 1935b, 1935c; Garrison, L. E.
and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Harding, C. R., 1929; Hoots, H. W., 1943; Hoover-
Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission, 1930;
Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Kuenen,
Ph. H. and Menard, H. W. , 1952; Louderback, G. D.,
1920, 1940; Ludwick, J. C., Jr., 1950; MacDonald,

G. A., 1934; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Moberg, E. G.,
Fleming, R. H., Heusner, K. and Revelle, R., 1937;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

73

Natland, M. L., Revelle, K. and Rittenberg, fc>. C,
194l; Phleger, F. B., 1951; Piggot, C. S., 1944;
Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 1942; Revelle, R.,
1938, 1939b, 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0.,
1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Rotschi, H., 1951;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952i, 1953e;
Shepard, F. P., 1938b, 1939d, 1940a, 1940d, 1940e,
19Ula, 1947b, 1948b, 1948c, 1949b, 1949d, 1949e,
1950a, 1950d, 1951a, 1951b, 1951d, 1953; Shepard,
F. P., and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P.,
Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939; Smith,
P. V., Jr., 1954; Stormont, D. H., 1953; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1938c, 1939a, 19 ^0e; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, 194l; Trask, P. D., 1931b; Trask, P. D.
and Rolston, J. W. , 1950a; Trask, P. D. and Scott,
T. , 1954; Urry, W. D. and Piggot, C. S., 1942;
Varney, F. M. and Redwine, L. E., 1937; Wooster,
W. S., 1951; ZoBell, C. E., 1936, 1938, 1939, 1942a,
1942b, 19^7c; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q.,
1936; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942

oriolis Force: Hidaka, K. , 1953; Munk, W. H., 1950; Nichol-
son, F. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and
Crowell, J. C., 1946; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1939c

orrosion: Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A. H., 19^8; Sweeney, J.,
1930

reep (See also: Littoral Drift, Traction, Transport of
Sediments): Grant, U. S-, 1938

rescentric Beaches - see Cuspate Forelands

retaceous: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz,
R. S., 1952; Cohee, G. C, 1938; Coxe, L. C, 1949;
Eardley, A. J., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 194la, 194lb,
194lc, 1946b, 1951, 1952a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 194l, 1945; Emery,

IK. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Hanna, G. D., 1952;
Kew, W. S. W., 1928; Mason, H. L., 1929; Revelle,
R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1936d;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard,
F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938
ross-Bedding (See also: Lamination): Anonymous, 1951d;

Merriam, P. D., 1949; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1908a;
Shepard, F. P., 1949d, 1951b; Thompson, W. 0.,
1933, 193^
urrents (See also: Bottom Currents, Convection Currents,

Eddies, Littoral and Longshore Currents, Sediment
Transport, Turbidity Currents; Submarine Canyons,

I Currents in; Submarine Canyons, Origin of):
Anonymous, 1859, 1891, 1929a, 1933e, 1938a, 1940c,
1940d, 1950b, 1950d, 1954j; Agassiz, A., 1905;
Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; Alden, J., l854b; Allen,
W. E., 1921a, 1921e, 1925, 1940c, 194la, 194lc,
1945, 1946b; .Andrews, H. L., 1945; Arthur, R. S.,
1950; Bartsch, P., 1921a, 1921b; Bascom, W. N. ,
1946a, 1947c; Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A. H.,
1948; Beach Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948a, 1948b,
1948i, 1952b, 1953b, 1953c; Benest, H., 1899;
Berghaus, H., I89I; Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie,
M., 1930; Bishop, S. E., 1904; Blake, D., 1926;
Blake, W. P., I856; Branner, J. C, 1913; Brant,

^I., 1925; Brongersma -Sanders, M. , 1948; Brooks,
C. W., 1875; Brown, E. I., 1939; Bruff, S. C,
1946; Buck, C. D., 1928; Buffington, E. C, 1952;
Bullard, F. M. and Mills, R. A., 1951; Bullock,
F. W., 1933; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of
Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
of the University of California and U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951a, 1951b;
California Academy of Sciences, California Division
of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy of the University of California, U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, and Hopkins Marine
Station, Stanford University, 1951; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine
Station, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South
Pacific Fisheries Investigations, University
of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1952, 1953; California Department of Public Works,
1952f; California, University of, 1952a; Carpenter,
F. A., 1924; Carsola, A. J., 1947; Carsola, A. J.
and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Chase, J. L., 1948;
Clark, A. H., 19l4; Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938b;

Coe, W. R., 1945, 19^7, 1953; Colbert, L. 0., 1939;
Congressional Documents, 1880c, 1908a, 1938a, 1940a,
1942b, 1942c; Couch, E. B., 1915; Crooke, R. C,
Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953; Crowell, J. C., 1947;
Dall, W. H., 1904, 1911; Davidson, G., 1856, 1859,
1864, 1869, 1873a, 1873c, 1875a, 1884, 1897; Davis,
H. 1872; Davis, W. M., 1925, 1933, 1934; Dawson,
E. Y., 1951; Defant, A., 1950b; DeGroot, H., I89O;
Dietz, R. S., 1952a, 1952b; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dill, R. F., 1952;
Disney, L. P. and Overshiner, W. H., 1925; Dunham,
J. W., 1951; Dunkle, M. B., 1950; Durham, J. W.,
1952; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Eddy, H. P., Hyde, C.
G., Kennedy, C. C. and Reynolds, L. B-, 1936;
Eldredge, Z. S. and Molera, E. J., 1909;
Elliott, F. E., Tressler, W. L. and Myers, W. H.,
1953; Emery, K. 0., 1947b, 1948, 1952a, 1952b,
1953b, 1954d; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l;
Emiliani, C. and Epstein, S., 1953; Epstein, S.
and Mayeda, T., 1953; Evans, 0. F., 194l; Evans,
R. D., Kipp, A. F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938;
Ewing, G. C, 1950b; Findlay, A. G. , 185I;
Fleming, R. H., 1939b, 1940b, 1942; Fleming, R. H.,
Revelle, R., 1939; Fleming, J. A., and Sverdrup,
H. U. , Ennis, C. C., Seaton, S. L. and Hendrix,
W. C, 1945; Folsom, R. G., 1944c; Fries, A. A.,
1912; Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935c; Gilbert, G. K. ,
1917; Gilbert, J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 1943;
Gislen, T. , 1§43, 1944; Goldberg, J., 1940; Gorton,
A. F., 1930a, 1930b; Graham, H. W. , 1934, 194la,
194lb; Graham, H. W. and Moberg, E. G. , 1944;
Grant, U. S., 1938; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F.
P., 1937, 1938a, 1940, 1946; Great Britain Hydro -
graphic Office 1866; Griggs, A. B. and Wells, F.
G., 1942; Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Hall, W. C,
1942; Handin, J. w., 1949; Hanna, M. A., 1926;
Harts, W. W. , 1911; Hawgood, H., 19l4; Hertlein,
L. G., and Emerson, W. K. , 1953; Hewatt, W. G. ,
1946; Hidaka, K. , 1953; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952;
Holway, R. S., 1905; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Hoover,
J. W., 1932a; Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay
Bridge Commission, 1930; Horonjeff, R. and Patrick,

D. A., 1952; Horrer, P. L., 1948a; Horton, D. F.,
1948; Hough, J. L., 1942; Hyde, C. G., Gray, H. F.
and Rawn, A. M. , 194l; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1950,
1953a, 1953"b; Inman, D. L. and Quinn, W. H., 1952;
Isaacs, J. D., 1945c, 1948; Isaacs, J. D. and
Bascom, W. N., 1947; Jacobs, W. C, 1939, 1943;
Johnson, A. G. , 1935, 1940c; Johnson, D. W. , 1910,
1944; Johnson, M. W., 1939a; Johnson, M. W. ,
Everest, F. A. and Young, R. W., 1947; Jones, E.
L., 1918; Kindle, E. M., 1934; Kniffen, F. B.,
1932 (in Gulf of California and Colorado River);
Koczy, F. F., 1954; Krumbein, W. C, 1947;
Kuenen, Ph., H. and Menard, H. W. , 1952; LaFond,

E. C, 1938, 1939a, 1940; Larsen, G. P., 1942a,
1942b; Lawson, A. C, 1894, 1950; Lawton, C. H.,
1936; Leeds, C. T. , 1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni,
N. A. and Knapp, R. T-, 1934; Leipper, D. F.,
1947; Leslie, M., 1928; Louderback, G. D., 1940,
1951; Leypoldt, H., 194la, 1942; McAdie, A. G.,
1914; McAfee, C. M., Jr., 1939; McEwen, G. F.,
1910, 1912, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1919a, 1919b,
1927, 1928b, 1930b, 1930c, 1933, 1934a, 1934b,
1934c, 1936, 1937c, I937d, 1937-1938, 1948;
McEwen, G. F. and Staff, 1948; McManus, A. B.,
1934; MacDonald, C. A., 1834; MacGinitie, G. E.,
1935; Mao, H., 1951; Marlette, J. W. , 1954;
Manner, H. A., 1926; Mason, E. H., 1930; Mason, M.
A., 1942, 1948, 1949a, 1950a, 1950b, 1951; Mayor,
A. G., 1922; Means, T. H., 1928, 1931; Means,

E. G., 1943, 1944; Menard, H. W., 1952; Michael,
E. L., 1919, 1921; Michael, E. L. and McEwen,
G. F., 1915; Moberg, E. G., 1925, 1927, 1930b;
Moberg, E. G. , 1925, 1927, 1930b; Moberg, E. G.,
Fleming, R. H., Heusner, K. and Revelle, R.,
1937; Moberg, E. G. and Graham, H. W., 1930;
Moberg, E. G. , Seiwell, H. R., Graham, H. W. and
Paul, J. H., 1930; Moore, D. G., 1951; Morrison,
R. L., 1930; Munk, W. H., 1940, 1947b, 1950;
Munk, W. H. and Anderson, E. R., 1948;

74

Special Report 44

Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1947; Myers, E. H.,
1943; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936a, 1936c, 1939;
Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P.
and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M., 1952;
O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1936b, 1939, 194l, 1946a,
1947b; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a; Osorio Tafall,
B. F., 1941+; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Patton, C. P.,
1953; Pratt, W. E., 1947; Putnam, J. A., Bermel,
K. J. and Johnson, J. W., 1947; Putnam, W. C, 1938;
Rawn, A. M. and Bowerman, F. R., 1951; Reed, R. D. ,
1933a; Reed, W. G., 1911*; Reid, R. 0., 1948a, 1948b;
Remondino, P. C, 1892; Revelle, R., 1939a, 1950;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1939b,
1943; Rice, E. K. , 1951; Richardson, R. W., 1923;
Richter, C. M., 1887; Ritter, W. E., 1902, 1924;
Rode, K., 1930; Rolland, M. C, 1952; Rossby,
C.-G., 1951; Rosser, W. H., 1870; Rude, G. T.,
1933; Russell, F. S., 1934; Sanchez, P. C., 1934c;
San Diego Regional Water Pollution Control Board,
19521 Sargent, M. S. and Walker, T. J., 1948;
Saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950; Schneider, W. A., 1954;
Schott, g., 1934, 1935; Schupp, R. d., 1953;
Scofield, E. C, 1934; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1944c, 1949a, 1949b, 1949c, 1949d,
1949e, 1950a, 1950b, 1950c, 1950d, 1950e, 1950f,
1950g, 1951a, 1951b, 1951c, 1951d, 1951e, 1951f,
1951h, 19511, 1951 1, 1951m, 1951n, 1951o, 1951r,
1952a, 1952b, 1952c, 1952d, 1952e, 1952f, 1952g,
19521, 1953b, 1953c, 1953d, 1953e; Shaler, N. S.,
1895; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933b, 1936a, 1936f,
1937b, 1938b, 1938c, 1938f, 1939e, 1940c, 19tod,
1942a, 1943b, 1947a, 1948b, 1949a, 1949b, I949d,
1949e, 1950b, 1950c (seasonal currents), 1950e,
1950f, 1950g, 1951a, 1951e, 1952a; Shepard, F. P.
and Emery, K. 0., 1941 > 1945; Shepard, F. P. and
Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951b: Shepard, F. P. and
LaFond, E. C., 1939, 19^0, 1942; Shepard, F. P.
and MacDonald, G. A-, 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Wrath, W. F., 1937; Shuck, 0. T. , 1869; Shumway,
G. A., 1953; Shipmasters and Others, 1879; Sinnott,
A., 1941; Skosberg, T., 1932, 1933, 1934, 1936;
Skosberg, T. and Phelps, A., 1946; Smith, J. P.,
1904; Smith, W. D., 1933b, 1933c; Smith, W. S. T. ,
1897; Somers, P., 1952; Stelzenmuller, Wm. B.,
1949; Stockmann, W. B., 1946; Sumner, F. B.,
Louderback, G. D., Schmitt, W. L. and Johnston,

E. C, 1914; Sverdrup, H. U., 1934, 1936, 1937-1938,
1938a, 1938b, 1938c, 1938d, 1939a, 1939b, 1939c,
1940a, 1940b, 1940c, 1940d, 1940e, 1940f, 194lb,
194lc, 1942, 1944a, 1944b, 1947; Sverdrup, H. U.
and Allen, W. E., 1938; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming,
J. A., 1944; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming, R. H.,
194l; Sverdrup, H. U. and Johnson, M. W. and
Fleming, R. H., 1942; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
1941, 1942a, 1942b, 1943b, 1944, 1945b, 1946, 1947b;
Symons, T. W., 1893; Tanner, Z. L., 1892a (drift),
1892b (submarine currents), 1893 (drift), 1894
(drift); Thorade, H., 1909, 19l4; Tibby, R. B.,
1937a, 1937b, 1939, 19^3, 1944; Tilden, C. A.,
1925; Topp, E. P., 1929; Trask, P. D., 1931a,
1931b, 1932a, 1934, 1939, 1952a, 1952b; Twenhofel,
W. H., 1943, 1946; Uchupi, E., 1954; Ufford, C. W.,
1947b; U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 1921 (drift);

U. S. Hydrographic Office, 1875, 1944a, 1947a;
U. S. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Mississippi, 1950; VanDorn, W. G., 1953; Vaughan,
T. W., 1931, 1932a, 1932c, 1933, 1934, 1940;
White, D., 1911; Woodford, A. 0., 1935; Wooster,
W. S., 1952; Yale, C. G. , 1879; ZoBell, C. E., 1942a,
1947c
Cuspate Forelands, Cuspate Coasts, Hooks, Crescentric Beaches:
Davis, W. M., 1932; Evans, 0. F., 1941; Gulliver,

F. P., 1896; Leypoldt, H., 194lb, 1942; O'Brien,

M. P., 1941; Reiche, P., 1937; Shaler, N. S., 1895;
Smith, W. S. T., 1902; Stevenson, R. E., 1954

Cusps - see Beach Cusps

Cut and/or Fill, Depth Changes. Generally applies to beach

and nearshore and in submarine canyons. (See also:
Beach Cycles; Submarine Canyon, Changes in;
Turbidity Currents): Anonymous, 1938a, 1940d;
Bascom, W. N., 1946d; Beach Erosion Board, 1948a,
1948 j, 1949a, 1952a, 1953b, 1954b; California,
University of, 1952a, 1952d, 1953a, 1953b, 1954a,
1954b; Congressional Documents, 1940a, 1953b;
Dietz, R. S., 1947b; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W.,

Cycles

1951b; Dietz, R. S., Menard, H. W. and Hamilton,

E. L., 1954 (fill in deep sea); Eaton, J. E., 1943;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952 (fill in basins); Emery, K. 0
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952 (fill 'in basins); Friei
man, S. L., 1949; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P.,
1937, 1938a; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Harris, F. R.
and Harlow, E. H., 1948; Harts, W. W., 1901;
Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953a, 1953b; Johnson, D. W.,
1910; Johnson, J. W., 1947b; LaFond, E. C, 1938;
Moberg, E. G. and Allen, W. E., 1927; Munk, W. H.,
1949b (bottom sediment movement); Norris, R. M.,
1952 (shifting sand); O'Brien, M. P., 1939;
Palmer, R. H., 1928 (shifting sand); Revelle, R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1952i, 1953f; Shepard, F. P., 1938g,
1947b, 1950c, 1950e, 1950g, 1951a; Shepard, F.

P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C, 194l; Shepard,

F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and
LaFond, E. C, 1940, 1942; Shepard, F. P. and
MacDonald, G. A., 1938 (shifting of bottom materia
Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952; Stelzenmuller, W. B.,
1949; Thompson, W. F. and Thompson, J. B., 1919;
Tower, M. L., 1913; Trask, P. D., 1952a; Trask,

P. D. and Scott, T., 1954
see Beach Cycles

Dacite (See also: Igneous Rock, Rock): Butcher, W. S., 1951a
Clements, T. and Dana, S. W., 1944; Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Holzman, J. E., 1950

Decomposition of Organic Matter - see Organic Matter, Decom-
position of

Deeps - see Trench

Deflation - se« Wind Transport

Deformation - see Warping

Degrade - see Beach Erosion

Dehydration - see Temperature of Hydration and Dehydration

Delta (See also: Submarine Canyon, Terminal End): Anonymous,
1929b, 1933b, 1938a, 194lb, 1951b; Allen, W. E.,
1933a; Anderson, C. A., 1950; Beach Erosion Board,
1948i, 1948j, 1953a; Blake, W. P., 1856; Brown,
C. B., 1942; Bucher, W. H., 1940; California Depar
ment of Public Works, 1932a; California, Universit
of, 1952a; Carpenter, E. J. and Storie, R. E.,
1929; Congressional Documents, 1908f, 1953b, 1954t
Dapples, E. C, 1942; Darrow, W. E., 1942; Dietz,
R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b; Eaton, J. E., 1932
Eldredge, Z. S. and Molera, E. J., 1909; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. a.nd Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Fox, C. K., 1936; Gilbert, G. K., 192
Grant, U. S., 1944; Grunsky, C. E., 1907; Gulliver
F. P., 1896; Johnson, D. W. , 1910; King, R. E.,
1939; Kniffen, F. B. , 1929, 1931, 1932; Knox, G.
L., 1937; Kuenen, Ph. H., 19^7; Lawson, A. C,
1893a, 1893b, 1894, 1914, 1924, 1950 ; Lawson,
L. M., 1950; Leeds, C. T. , 1915; Livingston, A.
Jr., 1939; Louderback, G. D., 1940; McKee, E. D.,
1939, 1953; Means, T. H., 1928, 1931; Nelson, E.
W., 1922; Nelson, N. C, 1909; O'Brien, M. P.,
1936a; Orange County Planning Commission, 1941;
Putnam, W. C, 1938; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939b; Robertson, R. R., 1942; Sanchez, P. C,
1934c; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953c; Shaler, N. S., 1895 (tida]
delta); Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933a, 1937e, 1937g,
1938f, 194la, 1949d, 1950d, (fan in basin), 1950e,
1951d; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952; Smith, P. A., 1940;
Smith, W. D., 1933b; Spencer, J. W., I89O; Steven-
son, R. E., 1954; Sykes, G., 1926, 1937, 1938;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Trask, P. D., 1928, 1931b,
1931*, 1939; Trask, P. D., and Hammar, H. E., 1931;
Trowbridge, W. P., 1856b; Wanless, H. R., 1950

Density, generally refers to density of water: Allen, W.
E., 194lc; Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930;
Bullock, F. W., 1933; Dall, W. H., 1911; Dietz,
R. S., 1947b; Emery, K. 0., 1954d; Emery, K. 0.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Ewing, G. C, 1950a;
Fleming, J. A., Sverdrup, H. U., Ennis, C. C,
Seaton, S. L., and Hendrix, W. C, 1945; Fleming,
R. H., 1942; Graham, H. W. , 1934; Graham, H. W.
and Moberg, E. G-, 1944; Harvey, D. R., 1928;
Hidaka, K., 1953; Holway, R. S., 1905; Jacobs,
W. C, 1939, 1949; LaFond, E. C, 1939a; Lesser,
R. M., 1951; McEwen, G. F., 1910, 1916, 1928b, 195

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

75

McKee, E. D., 1953; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick,
J. C, 1951; Merrill, F. J. H., 1915; Moberg,
E. G., 1928a, 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Fleming,
R. H., 1934; Munk, W. H., I9I+O; Munk, W. H. and
Anderson, E. R., 1948; Nicholson, G. F. , Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946
(sand grains); Reid, R. 0., 1948b; Revelle, R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Rudnick, P. and Cochrane,
J. D., 1951; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1949a to 1950e, 1950a to 1950e, 1950g, 1951a to
1951f, 1951h, 195H, 1951J- 1951L, 1951m, 1952a,
1952b, 1952e, 1952f, 1952g; Shepard, F. P.,
1950c; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19^+1;
Sverdrup, H. U., 193^, 1937-1938, 1938a, 1939a,
1939c, 19*+0g, 194la, 194lb, 1944a; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Fleming, J. A-, 19^; Sverdrup, H. U. ,
Johnson, M. W. and Fleming, R. H., 19^2; Sverdrup,
H. U., and Staff, 1941, 1944, 1947b; Tibby, R. B.,
1943; Topp, E. P., 1929; Trask, P. D., 1939;
Ufford, C. W. , 1947a, 1947c; U. S. Bureau of
Fisheries, 1921; U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey,
1950; U. S. Hydrographic Office, 1934b; Vaughan,

§T. W., 1930b, 1932a, 1932c, I9I+O; Wiegel, R. L.,
Patrick, D. A. and Kimerley, H. L., 1953 (sand
grains); Young, R. T. , Jr., 1939
Density Currents - see Turbidity Currents; Submarine Canyons,

Origin of
Density Stratification - see Stratification, Water
Depositional Folds: Emery, K. 0., 1946b
Depth Changes - see Cut and/or Fill; Submarine Canyons,

Changes in
Detritus, Detrital Sediments (See also: various detrital
sediment types): Beach Erosion Board, 1953c;
Coe, W. R., 1945, 1947, 1948; Coe, W. R. and Fox,

ID. L., 1942, 1944, 1945a; Crouch, R. W., 1954;
Davidson, G., 1897; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1946b, 1947c,
1952a; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Fox,
D. L., 1950; Fox, D. L. and Coe, W. R., 1943;
Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D.,
1944; Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Gorsline, D. S.,
1954; Plggot, C. S., 1944; Revelle, R., 1950;
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shaler, N. S.,
1895; Sverdrup, 'H. U., 1938d (organic); ZoBell,

C. E., 1938

Diabase: Norris, R. M. , 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1938e
Diagenesis (See also: Authigenic Minerals, Bacteria etc.
and all the factors causing or bringing out
diagenetic changes in sediments): Dapples, E. C,
191+2; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dietz, R. S., 1941;
Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938a, 1938b;
Emery, K. 0., 19^7a, 19^3, 1950e; Emery, K. 0.

^and Dietz, R. S. , 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Ritten-
berg, S. C, 1951, 1952; Fox, D. L., Updegraff,

D. M. and Novelli, G. D., 1944; Galliher, E. W.,
1932b, 1933, 1935a, 1935c, 1937; Grim, R. E.,
Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F. , 1949; Krumbein,
W. C, 1942; Osorio Tafall, B. F., 1943; Revelle,
R., 1941, 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0.,
1951; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1941; Trask,

P. D., 1931b, 193^, 1939; Vaughan, T. W. , 1935a;
Weeks, L. G., 1952; ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1939,
1942a, 19l+2b, 1946b, 1947c
Diastrophism (See also: Continental Shelf, Origin; Continental
Slope, Origin; Emergence, Folding, Orogenesis;
Submarine Canyon, Origin; Submergence, Subsidence,
Tilting, Warping): Anonymous, 1925a; Ashley, G. H.,
1931; Bailey, T. L., 19^3; Bowie, W., 1924a;
Bucher, W. H., 1939, 1940; Chamber lin, R. T.,
1944; Clark, B. L., 1930; Congressional Documents,
1953b; Daly, R. A., 193^; Davis, W. M., 1932, 1933;
Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W. , 1951b; Eardley,
A. J., 1954; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1950 ; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F.
P., 1945; Galliher, E. W., 1935a; Gutenberg, B.,
1933; Hobbs, W. H., 1921; Johnson, D. , 1944;
Landes, K. K., 1952a; Lawson, A. C, 1893b, 1939;
LeConte, J., 189I; Louderback, G. D., 1921, 1941;
Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Maxson, J. H , 1932; Norris,
R. M., 1951; Putnam, W. C, 1938; Revelle, R.,
1950 ; Sanchez, P. C, 193^, 1934c; Shepard, F. P.,
1935a, 1936c, 1936g, 1937a, 1938a, 1940b, 1941b,
1949b, 1950e, 1951c; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K.
0., 1937, 19^1; Smith, W. D., 1933b; Spencer, J. W.,

I89O; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1942a; Trask, P.
D., 1931b; Uchupi, E., 1954; UPham, W. , 1899;
Upson, J. E., 1949b; Willis, B., 1900; Wisser, E.,
1954; Wood, H. 0., 1915; Woodring, W. P., 1938b
Diatoms (See also: Algae, Phytoplankton, Plankton): Anony-
mous, 1882b, 1891, 1944b; Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950;
Allen, W. E., 1921a, 1921d, 1922a, 1922b, 1922c,
1923a, 1923b, 1923c, 19234, 1923e, 1923f, 1924a,
1924b, 1925, 1926, 1927a, 1927b, 1927c, 1927d,
1928a, 1928b, 1928c, 1929, 1930a, 1930b, 1933a,
193^, 193^, 1936, 1937b, 1938a, 1938b, 1938c,
1939a, 1939b, 1939c, I9*t0a, 191+Ob, 1940c, I940d,
19l+la, 1941b, 194lc, 19Uld, 1942a, 1942b, 19I+5,
1946a,; Allen, W. E. and Lewis, R., 1927;
Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930; Buley, H. M.,
1929; Bullock, F. W., 1933; Bush, J. B., 1930;
California Academy of Sciences, California Division
of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy of the University of California, and U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951a; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Sta-
tion, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South
Pacific Fishery Investigation, University of
California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953; Chesterman, C. W., 1952; Coe, W. R. , 19^5,
1947; Coe, W. R. and Allen, W. E., 1937, 19^2,
1944; Couch, E. B., 1915; Cupp, E. E., 1930, 193^,
1934b, 1943; Cupp, E. E. and Allen, W. E., 1938;
Dietz, R. S., 1952a; Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0.,
1938; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F.
P., 1942; Dietz, R. S. and LaFond, E. C, 1950;
Dill, R. F., 1949; Dorman, H. P., 1927a, 1927b;
Emery, K. 0., 1952b, 1954a, Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1941, 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 19^5; Fleming, R. H., 1939a; Fox, D. B. ,
1929, 1930; Fox, D. L., 1944b, 1950; Fox, D. L.
and Anderson, L J., l^l; Fox, D. L- and Coe,
W. R., 1943; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran,
E. F., 1952; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and
Novelli, G. D., 1944; Galliher, E. W. , 1933;
Gaylord, E. G. and Hanna, G. D., 19?5; Gilbert,
J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 1943; Gilsen, T., 1944;
Goldberg, E. D. , 1952, 195^; Goldberg, E. D.,
Walker, T. J. and Whisenand, A., 1952; Graham,
H. W., 193^, 1941a; Graham, H. W. and Moberg,
E. G., 1944; Hanna, G. D., 1928, 1952; Harvey,

D. R., 1928; Horrer, P. L., 1948a; Howard, L.,
1934; Hughes, R. V., 1932; Leslie, M., 1928;
Lewis, R. C, 1927, 1929; Mann, A., 1907; Mason,

E. H., 1930; McConnaughey, B. H. and Fox, D. L.,
1949; Michael, E. L., 1919, 1921; Moberg, E. G.,
1925, 1928a, 1928d, 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and
Allen, W. E., 1927; Moyer, D. A., 1929b; Natland,
M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1941;
Osorio Tafall, B. F., 19^3; P'ei, C, 1929;
Revelle, R., 1939b; Ritter, W. E. , 1902; Rosenfeld,
W. D., 1948; Sargent, M. S. and Walker, T. J.,
1948; Schneider, W. A., 1951*; Sleggs, G. F.,

1927; Sommer, H. and Clark, F. N., 1946; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Allen, W. E., 1939; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, 1941, 1942b; Taylor, C. V. and Vaughan,
T. W., 1934; Thayer, L. A., 1935; Thompson, T. G.
and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Tilden, C. A., 1925;
Topp, E. P., 1929; Trask, P. D., 1939; Trask, P.
D. and Hammar, H. E., 1931; Vaughan, T. W.,
1930b, 1932a, 1932b, 1932c, 1933, 19to; Whedon,
W. F., 1939; ZoBell, C. E., 1939, 19^1, 19^2a,
1942b, 1942c, 1946b, 1946-1947, 1947c; ZoBell,

C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 19^2; ZoBell, C. E.,
Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F. , 19^3

Diatoms in Relation to Origin of Petroleum (See also:
Petroleum, Source Beds of Petroleum) : Fox,

D. L., 1944b; Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L. J., 19^1;
Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. ana Novelli, G. D.,
1944; Gester, G. C, 1927; Hughes, R. V., 1932;
Takahaski, J., 1925, 1928; Thayer, L. A., 1935;
Trask, P. D. , 1939; Trask, P. D. and Hammar, H. E.,
1931; ZoBell, C. E., 1946b, 1946-1947; ZoBell,

C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F., 19^3
Diatoms in Sediments, including Diatomaceous Sediments;

Allen, W. E., 194lb, 194ld; Ford, J. L. C, 19^2;
Fox, D. L., 1944b, 1950; Fox, D. L. and Anderson,
L. J., 1941; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and
Novelli, G. D., 1944; Gaylord, E. G. and Hanna, G.

76

Special Report 44

D., 1925; Gester, G. C, 1927; Hughes, R. V., 1932;
Mann, A., 1907; Michael, E. L., 1919; Natland, M. L.,
Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C., 19^1; Plggot,
C. S., 1932; Revelle, R., 1950; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 1953e; Shumway, G. A.,
1953; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l; Takahashi,
J., 1925, 1928; Thayer, L. A., 1935; Trask, p. D.,
1939; Trask, P. D. and Hammar, H. E-, 1931;
ZoBell, C. E., 1939, 1946-1947; ZoBell, C. E.
and Feltham, C. B., 1942; ZoBell, C. E., Grant,
C. W. and Haas, H. F., 19^3

Diffraction of Waves (See also: Wave Refraction): Handin,
J. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1949; Marlette, J. W.,
1954; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1947;
O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson, J. W. , 1947; Ward,
H. A., 1952

Diffusion: Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and
Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography of
the University of California, and U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1951b; Emery, K. 0.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Ewing, G. C, 1950b;
Inman, D. L., 1953; Krumbein, W. C., 1942;
McEwen, G. P., 19l6, 1919a, 1934a, 1934c, 1937b,
1940b, 1950; Mao, H., 1951; Miller, H. E. and
Nusbaum, I., 1952; Munk, W. H. and Traylor,
M. A., 1947; Phelps, A., 1937; Rawn, A. M. and
Bowerman, F. R., 1951 Rice, E. K., 1951; San
Diego Regional Water Pollution Control Board,
1952; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952i;
Shepard, F. P., 1947b; Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell,
1951a; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938a, 1938b, 1938c,
1938d, 1939c, 1941, 1944b; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, 1946; Tibby, R. B., 1944; ZoBell, C. E.,
1942a, 19V7d; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B.,
1942

Dilation: Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 1948; Grant,
U. S., 1946; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a

Dinoflagellates (See also: Phytoplankton, Plankton): Anony-
mous, 1943, 1944b; Allen, W. E., 1921a, 1921d,
1921e, 1922a, 1922b, 1923a, 1923c, 1923d, 1923f,
192l*a, 1924b, 1925, 1927a, 1927b, 1927c, 1927d,
1928a, 1928b, 1928c, 1929, 1930a, 1930b, 1933a,
1933b, 1934a, 1935, 1936, 1937a, 1938a, 1939,
19l+0b, 19U0c, 1940d, 191+la, 1942b, 19^3, I9U5,
19l|6a, 19146b; Allen, W. E. and Lewis, R., 1927;
Bathgate, V. M. , 1913; Bonnot, P. and Phillips,
J. B., 1938; Bongersma-Sanders, M. , 19148; Buley,
H. M., 1929; California Academy of Sciences,
California Division of Fish and Game, Stanford
University, Hopkins Marine Station, U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, South Pacific Fishery Investiga-
tion, University of California, Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953; Coe, W. R., 1945, 1947;
Coe, W. R. and Fox, D. L., 1942, 1944; Connell,

C. H. and Cross, J. B., 1950; Cupp, E. E., 1930,
1934a; Dapples, E. C, 19U-2; Dawson, E. Y. , 1951;
Dorman, H. P., 1927a, 1927b; Fox, D. B., 1929;
Fox, D. B., 191414b, 1950; Fox, D. L. and Coe, W.
R., 1943; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran,
E. F., 1952; Graham, H. W., 1934, 194lb; Harvey,

D. R., 1928; Kniffen, F. B., 1932; Kofoid, C. A.,
1911, 1928; Kofoid, C. A. and Swezy, 0., 1921;
Leslie, M., 1928; Lewis, R. C, 1927, 1929; Mason,

E. H., 1930; Moberg, E. G., 1925; Moberg, E. G.
and Allen, W. E., 1927; Osorio Tafall, B. F.,
19U3; Pinchard, J. H., Kittredge, J. S., Fox,
D. L., Haxo, F. T. and Zechmeister, L., 1953;
Ritter, W. E., 1902; Sleggs, G. F., 1927; Sommer,
H. and Clark, F. N., I9I46; Sverdrup, H. U.,
1939b; Tilden, C. A., 1925; Topp, E. P., 1929;
Torrey, H. B., 1902; Whedon, W. F., 1939;
Whedon, W. F. and Kofoid, C. A., 1936; ZoBell,

C. E., 19l+7c

Diorite (See also: Igenous Rock, Rock): Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Chesterman, C. W. , 1952; Clements, T. and Dana,
S. W., I9I+I4; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Holzman, J. E.,
1950; Shumway, G. A., 1953

Discolored Water - see Red Water, Turbid Water

Disconformity: Louderback, G. D. , 1920; Shepard, F. P.,
1932

Dispersion (See also: Diffusion): California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of oceanography, University
of California, and U. S. Fish and wildlife Service,

1950; Fox, D. L., 1950; Johnson, M. W. , 1939;
McEwen, G. P., 1940b; Munk, W. H., 1947; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Sverdrup, H. U. ,
1939a; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 19l45a, 19145b
Divergence of Waves etc. (See also: Wave Refraction):

Arthur, R. S., 1950; Congressional Documents,
1953b; Dunham, J. W. , 1951; Ewing, G. C, 1950b,
1950c; Grant, U. S., I9I46; Grant, U. S. and
Shepard, F. P., I9I46; Horrer, P. L., 1950;
Inman, D. L., 1953a; Munk, W. H., 1948; Munk,
W. H. and Anderson, E. R., I9I48; Munk, W. H.
and Traylor, M. A., 19^7; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C.,
I9I46; Peel, K. P., 1951; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953c; Shepard, F. P., 1950c,
1950g; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1937-1938, 1938a; Williams,

E. A. and Isaacs, J. D., 1952

Divides - (See also: Saddles): Grant, U. S. and Shepard,

F. P., 1940

Domes: Shepard, F. P., 1937e; Shepard, F. P., and Emery,
K. 0., 1937

Downwelling (See also: Upwelling) : California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and
Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station,
South Pacific Fishery Investigation, University
of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1952

Dredging (See also: Cores and Coring, Snapper Samples):
Anonymous, 1906a, 1938a, 1938b, 19l40d, 19l4lb,
1951b; Beach Erosion Board, 1948a, 1948 j, 1949a,
1954a; Blinn, F. S., 1928; Bucher, W. H., 1940;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; California University
of, 1954b; Carsola, A. J., Dietz, R. S. and
Russell, R. D., 1949; Church, C. C, 1929;
Clark, A., 1933; Clements, T. and Dana, S. W.,
1944; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Colbert, L. 0.,
1939; Congressional Documents, l880a, 1908g,
1926, 1934b, 1938a, 1938b, 1940a, 1940c, 1940d,
1940e, 1940f, 1941, 1942b, 1943, 1949a, 1949d,
1949e, 1949f, 1949-I950b, 1953a, 1953b; Coxe,
L. C, 1949; Crouch, R. W. , 1954; Dana, S. W.,
1942; David, L. R., 1946, 1947; Davis, W. M.,
1933; Davidson, G., 1884; Dietz, R. S., 1954;
Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938a, 1938b;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1942; Dietz, R. s., Menard, H. W., and Hamilton,
E. L., 1954; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0.,
194la, 1947a, 1947b, 1947c, 1948, 1952b, 1954b;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz,
R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H., 1948;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emery,
K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Farrand, W. H.,
1929; Fraser, C. McL., 1943; Galliher, E. W.,
1935a, 1935b; Garrison, L. E., and Takasaki, K.
L., 1950; Gillette, C. E., 1905; Gorsline, D.
S., 1954; Hall, J. v., Jr., 1952; Hanna, G. D.,
1952; Handin, J. W., 1949; Harding, C. R.,
1929; Hawgood, H., 19l4; Hertlein, L. G. and
Emerson, W. K. , 1953; Hewatt, W. G., 1946;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Hoots, H. W. , 1943; Horton,
D. F., 1948; Inman, D. L., 1950; James, E. L.,
1950; Johnson, A. G., 1940c, 1951; Johnson,
M. W., Everest, F. A. and Young, R. W. , 1947;
Kenyon, E. C, Jr., 1951; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947;
Lapsley, W. W. , 1937; Leeds, C. T., 1915, 1936;
Louderback, G. D., 1920, 1940; McAfee, C. M., Jr.,
1939; McEwen, G. F., 1935b; McGowan, W. C,
1916; MacDonald, G."A., 1934; MacGinitie, G. E.,
1939; Martin, L. T., 1935; Menard, H. W. and
Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Michael, E. L. and McEwen,

G. F., 1916; Moore, D. G., 1951; Morrison,

R. L., 1930; Nelson, J. W., Zinn, C. J., Strahorn,
A. T., Watson, E. B. and Dunn, J. E., 1919;
Nicholson, G. F., 1929; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1939;
Packard, E. L., 19l8; Postel, A. C, 1939;
Raymond, R. W., 1880; Revelle, R. and Emery,
K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Ritter, W. E.,
1901, 1902; Rothwell, W. T., Jr., 1944, 1946;
Shepard, F. P., 1933b, 1935a, 1935e, 1936c, 1936d,
I936f, I937e, 1938b, I938d, I939d, 1940a, 1940c,

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

77

1940d, 1940e, 194la, 1947b, 1949d, 19^9e, 1950e,
1953; Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l, 1945;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Shuler,
W. R., 1951, 1952; Shumway, G. A., 1953;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sumner, F. B., Louderback,
G. D. , Schmitt, W. L., and Johnson, E. C., 19l4;
Sverdrup, H. U. , 1938c; Townsend, C. H., 1901;
Trask, P. D. and Scott, T., 1954; Uchupi, E.,
1954; Vaughan, T. W. , 1936; Woodring, W. P.,
1938a; Wooster, W. S., 1951

Drift - see Littoral Drift, Longshore Currents, Continental
Drift

Drowned Valley - see Submarine Canyons

Dynamic Height Anomalies and Topography: Bigelow, H. B.
and Leslie, M., 1930; California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scrlpps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1950, 1951a; Fleming, J. A., Sverdrup,
H. U., Ennis, C. C, ' Seat on, S. L. and Hendrix,
W. C, 1945; Fleming, R. H., 1942; Fleming,
R. H. and Revelle, R., 1939; Montgomery, R. B.
and Wooster, W. S., 1954; Munk, W. H., 191+0;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1949a, 1949b,
1949c, 19^9d, 19^9e, 1950f, 1950g, 1951a, 1951b,
1951c, 1951d, 1951e, 1951f, 1951g, 1951h, 19511,
1951J, 1951k, 195U, 1951m, 1952a, 1952b, 1952e,
1952f, 1952g, 1953b; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1937-1938,
1938a, 1944a; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming, J. A.,
1944; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1942b, 1943b,
1944, 1947b; Tibby, R. B., 1943, 19^

Eddies, including Eddy Currents: Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie,
M., 1930; Bruff, S. C, 1946; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1951a, 1951b; California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station,
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Pacific
Fishery Investigation, University of California,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952, 1953;
Chase, J. L., 1948; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky,
A. W., et al, 1953; Crowell, J. C, 1947;
Davidson, G., l873c, 1887; Davis, W. M. , 1933;
Dawson, E. Y., 1951, 1952; Defant, A., 1950a,
1950b; Dietz, R. S., 1952b, 1953; Dietz, R. S.
and Menard, H. rf., 1951h; Dill, R. F., 1952;
Evans, 0. F., 1941; Ewing, G. C, 1950b; Fleming,
R. H., 1942; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Gislen, T.,
1943; Graham, H. W. , 194lb; Graham, H. W. and
Moberg, E. G., 1944; Gulliver, F. P., 1896;
Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1949; Hewatt,
W. G., 19^6; Holway, R. S., 1905; Horrer, P. L.,
1948a; Hubbs, C. L., 1948; Inman, D. L., 1950,
1953a; Johnson, M. W. , 1939h; Krumbein, W. C,
1947; Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard, H. W., 1952;
LaFond, E. C, 1939a; Leipper, D. F., 1950;
Leypoldt, H., 194lb, 1942; McEwen, G. F., 1934d,
1948, 1950; McEwen, G. F., and Staff, 1948; Mao,
H., 1951; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C,
1951; Munk, W. H., 1947b, 1950; Munk, W. H. and
Anderson, E. R., 1948; Revelle, R., 1939a, 1940;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1939b;
Richardson, R. W., 1923; Richter, C. M., 1887;
Rossby, C.-G., 1951; Sargent, M. S. and Walker,
T. J., 1948; Schaufele, H. J., 1951; Shepard,
F. P., 1940a, 194la, 1948b, 1949e, 1950b, 1950c,
1950g; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C,
1941; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S.,
1939; Skogsberg, T., 1936; Sverdrup, H. U.,
1937-1938, 1938b, 1938c, 1939a, 1939c, 1940e,
194lc; Sverdrup, H. U. and Allen, W. E., 1939;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1942b, 1943b, 1946,
1947a; Tibby, R. B., 1943, 1944; Trask, P. D.,
1952b; Uchupi, E., 1954; U. S. Waterways Experi-
ment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1950;
Whittemore, G. F., 1928; Yale, C. G., 1879

Eh (oxidation-reduction potential): Dill, R. F., 1952;

Emery, K. 0., 1954d; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1951, 1952; Hutton, W. E., and ZoBell,

C. E., 1949; Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Natland,
M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l;
Revelle, R., 194l, 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1939b; Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell, C. E.,
1951b; Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954; Stevenson, R.
E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940e; Vaughan, T.
W., 1935a, 1935b; ZoBell, C. E., 1935, 1936, 1938,

1939, 19U1, i9^2a, 1942b, 1943, 1944, 1946b, 1946-
1947, 1947c, 1947d; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson,

D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. G.,
1942

Electrical Conductivity - see Conduction

Elevated Sea Cliff (See also: Sea Cliffs): Davis, W. M. ,

Putnam, W. C. and Richards, G. L., Jr., 1931
Ellutriation: Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 1948
Embayment (See also: Bay, Estuary, Harbor, Lagoon):

Anderson, C. A-, 194l; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.

and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;

Herold, C. L., 1934; O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson,

J. W., 1947; Shepard, F. P., 1936c; Smith, W.

D., 1933b; Trask, P. D., 1931h
Emergence (See also: Diastrophism, Uplift, Warping):

Anonymous, 1925a; Baldwin, E. M., 1945; Blake,

J., 1868; Bowman, A., 1873; Bruff, S. C,

1940, 1946; Clements, T., 1946; Congressional
Documents, 1953b; Corey, W. H., 1951, 1952;
Cotton, C. A., 1944; Dall, W. H., 1911; Darton,
N. H., 1921 ; Davidson, G., 1873d, 1875a; Davis,

w. M., 1931, 1932, 1933; Eaton, j. e., 1943;

Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emmonds, S. F. and Merrill,

G. P., 1894; Goldberg, J., 1940; Hanna, M. A.,
1926; Jenkins, 0. P., 1943b; Lawson, A. C,
1893a, 1893b, 1894; Lucke, J. B., 1938; Maxson,
J. H., 1931, 1932; Merrill, F. J. H., 1915;
Pease, W. H. , 1868; Putnam, W. C, 1938; Reed,
R. D., 1934; Sanchez, P. C, 1934a; Shaler, N.
S., 1895; Shepard, F. P., 1937d, 1940b, 194la,
1949d, 1950e, 1950f, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 1945; Smith, J. P., 1910; Steven-
son, R. E., 1954; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Toit,
A. L. du, 1940; Weeks, L. G. , 1952; Wheeler,
G., 1936; Willis, B., 1900; Woodring, W. P.,
1947

Encrusting Organisms - see Fouling

Endenism: Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938b

Engineering, including breakwaters, groins, jetties, marine
drilling platforms, piers, sea walls, submarine
cables and pipelines: Anonymous, 1906, 1915, 19l6a,
19l6b, 1916c, 19l6d, 19l6e, 1917, 1925h, 1933d,
l933e, 1935, 1938a, 1938b, 1940b, 1940c, I940d,
1941b,. 1944a, 1950f, 195lt>, I952d, I952f, I952g,
1952L, 1952m, 1952n, l952o, 1953b, 1953J, 1954c,
1954d, 1954i, 1954k; Aldrich, L. and Smith, H.
G., 1948; Alexander, A. H., 1936; Allen, W.
B., 1932; Archer, W. E., 1934; Arthur, R. S.,
1951; Atwood, W. G. and Johnson, A. A., 1924;
Bascom, W. N., 1947c; Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A.
H., 1948; Beach Erosion Board, 1939, 1942a, 1948d,
1948h, 1948i, 1948j, 1949a, 1950b, 1951, 1952a,
1953a, 1953c, 1954a, 1954c; Benest, H., 1899;
Blackman, J. W. B., 1936; Blinn, F. S., 1928;
Boase, A. J., 1938; Bond, A. H., 1927; Brown,
E. I., 1939; Bullington, J. P., 1940; Burt,
W. V. and Saur, J. F. T., Jr., 1948; Butler, M.
M., 1936; Buwalda, J., 1936; Caldwell, J. M.,
1950; California, University of, 1952a, 1952d,
1953a, 1953b, 1954b; Clements, T. and Emery, K.
0., 1947; Coe, W. R., 1932; Colden, C. J.,
1926; Collins, L. B., 1931; Collins, L. B.,
Gilbert, J. C. and Simon, J. H., 1933; Congress-
ional Documents, l880b, l880c, 1892, 1897, 1908a,
1908r, 1934b, 1938a, 1938c, 1940a, 1940b, 1940c,
1940d, 1940e, 1940f, 1941, 1942b, 1942c, 1943,
1949a, 1949b, 1949c, 1949d, 1949f, 1949-1950b,
1953a, 1953b; Corning, L. H., 1944; Coxe,
L. C, 1949; Cram, C. M., 1931; Crowell, J. C,
1952; Darrow, W. E., 1942; Davidson, W. S. and
Swanson, R. B., 1947; Dickey, L. K. , 1936;
Dunham, J. W., 1951; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Fox,
L. S., 1930; Fries, A. A., 1912; Gaillard, D.
D., 1904; Gee, H. C, 1938; Gilbert, J. C. and
Simon, J. H., 1933; Gillette, C. E., 1905; Gold-
berg, J., 1940; Grant, U. S., 1938; Grant, U.
S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937, 1938b, 1940;

78

Special Report 44

Granthem, K. N., 1953; Griffin, D. P., 19I+I+;
Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Hall, W. C, 1938, 19^1;
Halton, J. E. and Holden, E. R., 1950; Handin,
J. W., 19^9, 1951; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J.

C, 19*+9; Hannum, G. W. T., 19^7; Hansen, H. A.
and Pemberton, J. R., 1950; Harding, C. R., 1929;
Harts, W. W., 1901, 1911; Hasskarl, J. F. L.,
1912; Hawgood, H., 191*+; Hickson, R. E. and
Rodolf, F. W., 1951; Hjelte, G. , 1938;
Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Com-
mission, 1930; Horonjeff, R. and Patrick,

D. A., 1952; Horrer, P. L., 19*+9, 1950;
Horton, D. F., 19**8; Hudson, R. Y. and Moore, L.
F., 1951; Hunter, R. C, 191+6; Inman, D. L.,
19^9, 1953a; Isaacs, J. D., 19^7a; Isaacs, J.
D. and Bascom, W. N. , 191+7; Iversen, H. W. and
Morison, J. R., 1951; Johnson, A. G., 1935, 19^0c,
1951; Johnson, J. W. , 19U7I3, 19l+8b, 19l+8d, 1952;
Johnson, J. W., and Isaacs, J. D., 191+8; Kaplan,
K. and Pape, H. E., Jr., 1951; Kenyon, E. C, Jr.,
1951; Knapp, R. T., 1952; Knapp, R. T. and Vanoni,
V. A., 19*+5; Kofoid, C. A., 1921; Kofoid, C. A.
and Miller, R. C., 1927; Krumbein, W. C., 1950;
LaFond, E. C., Dietz, R. S. and Knauss, J. A., 1950;
Lamport, H. B., 1937; Lapsley, W. W., 1937;
Larsen, G. P., 19l+2b, I9U6; Lawton, C. H., 1936;
Leeds, C. T., 19l6, 1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni,

V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 193*+; Leypoldt, H., 1937a,
191+lb; Lieber, A. C, Jr., 19I+O; Livingston, A.,
Jr., I9I+O; Los Angeles County Regional Planning
Commission, 19I+O; McAdam, D., 19l+7b; McAfee, C.
M., Jr., 1939; McCamy, R. C, 1952; McEwen,
G. F., 1935a, 1935b; McEwen, G. F. and Staff,
I9I+8; McGowan, W. C, 19l6; McKinstry, C. H., 1905;
McOuat, H. W., 1951 ; Marlette, J. W., 1951*-; Mason,
M. A., 191+2, 19l4-9a, 19^9b, 1950a, 1950b; Miller,
J. C.j 1953; Mills, B., 1932b, 1932g; Moore, D.
G., 1951; Munk, W. H., I9I+8; Munk, W. H. and
Traylor, M. A., 19*+7; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, I9I+6;
Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936a, 191+1 ; O'Brien, M. P.,
1936a, 1936b, 1939, 191+1, 19M+, 19l+7b; O'Brien,
M. P. and Johnson, J. W., 19*+7; Orange County
Planning Commission, I9I+I; 0 'Shaughnessy, M. M.,
1921+; Page, G. B., 1950; Palmberg, H. G. , 191+1;
Peel, K. P., 1951; Pentegoff, V. P., 191+7;
Pomeroy, H. R., 1936; Postel, A. C, 1937, 1939;
Pratt, W. E., 191+7; Price, F., 1936; Purcell,
G., 1911+; Putnam, J. A. and Arthur, R. S., 191+8;
Putnam, J. A. and Bermel, K. J., 191*6; Putnam,
J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 19^9;
Pyles, E. E., 1951*-; Rawn, A. W. and Bowerman,
F. R., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Rolland, M. C, 1952; Salsbury, M. E.,
1925; Sanford, J. J., 1908; San Francisco Bay
Marine Piling Committee, 1921, 1922, 1923;
Saville, T., Jr., 1951; Schaufele, H. J., 1951;
Schermerhorn, L. Y., 1897; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Scott, T. A., 1936; Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy, 191+1+c; Sears, C. B., 1876; Shepard, F.
P., 1933c, 1938a, 19l+8b, 19l*9b, 1950c, 1950g,
1951a; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1951a,
1951b; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, I9I+2;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shuler,
W. R., 1951, 1952; Smith, J. S., 1936; Snodgrass,
F. E., Morison, J. R., Hall, M. A., Granthem,
K. N. and Wiegel, R. L., 1952; Snodgrass, F. E.,
Rice, E. K. and Hall, M. A., 1951; Somers, P.,
1952; Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938; Stelzenmuller,
W. B., 19^9; Stockman, L. P., 1932, 19!+9c;
Stormont, D. H., 1951b, 1952a, 1952c; Streblow,
A. G., 1951; Sweeney, J., 1930; Symons, T. W.,
1893; Tanner, Z. L., 1892b, I89I+; Tower, M.
L., 1910, 1913; Trask, P. D., 1952a, 1952b;
Trask, P. D. and Scott, T. , 195^; Tudor, R. A.,
19l+e, 191+9, 1951; U. S. Hydrographic Office, 1892;
U. S. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Mississippi, 1935, 1936, 19l+7a, 19l+7b, 19l+7c,
191+9, 1950; Vanoni, V. A. and Carr, J. H., 1951;
Verrill, G. E., 1930; Ward, H. A., 1952; Welker,
S. C.j 1951*; Wnarton, M., 1929; Whittemore, G. F.,
1916, 1917, 1926, 1928; Whitworth, G. W. , 1932;
Williams, E. A. and Isaacs, J. D., 1952
Eocene (See also: Tertiary): Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Corey,
W. H., 1951, 1952; Emery, K. 0., 19l+la, 19l+lb,

191+lc, 19l+6b, 1951; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^1, 19^5; Emery, K. 0.
and Tschudy, R. H. , 191+1; Emiliani , C, 195!+;
Mason, H. L., 1929; Norris, R. M., 1951; Shepard,
F. P., 1936d, 1936f, 19l+8c, 19l+9b; Shepard, F. P.
and Emery, K. 0., 191+1
Equilibrium, Stability, Profile of Equilibrium, Base Level.
Generally applied to beaches.: Anonymous, 1938a;
Bascom, W. N., 1950c; Beach Erosion Board, 1950b,
1952a, 195l+a; Butler, M. M. , 1936; California,
University of, 1952a; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H.
W., 1951b (wave base and equilibrium on continental
shelf); Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H.,
1951+; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Einstein, H. A., 1951;
Goldberg, J., 19I+O; Grant, U. S., 1938, I9I+8;
Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Halton, J. E. and Holden,

E. R., 1950; Handin, J. W. , 19*+9, 1951; Handin,
J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1950; Horton, D. F..
I9I+8; Inman, D. L., 191+9; Johnson, J. W. , 19*+7b,
19l+8a, 1952; Leeds, C. T., 1936; McAfee, C. M., 193
Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Miller,

J. C.j 1953; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C., 191+6; Shepard,

F. P., 1950f; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Trask, P. D.,
1952b; Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A., Kimberley,

H. L., 1953

Erosion - see Beach Erosion, Cliff Erosion; Continental Shelf,
Origin; Continental Slope, Origin; Marine Erosion

Escarpment or Submarine Slopes (See also: Faulting, Fault

Scarps, Seismology, Submarine Topography): Anony-
mous, 1951a, 1952e; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Byerly, P., 1938b; Byerly, P. and Evernden, J. F.,
1950b; Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 191+7;
Colbert, L. 0., 1939; Davis, W. M., 1933; Dietz,
R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938a, 1938b; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 191+2; Dietz,
R. S., Menard, H. W. , and Hamilton, E. L., 195*+;
Dill, R. F., 1952; Eardley, A. J., 195^; Emery,
K. 0., 19l+7c, 191+8, 1952b, 1953b, 195"+b; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 191+1; Hanna, G.
D., 1952; Hertlein, L. G. and Emerson, W. K.,
1953; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Holzman, J. E.,
1950; Jenkins, 0. P., 19*+3a; Kemnitzer, L. E.,
1933; Koczy, F. F., 1951+; Kuenen, Ph. H., 19^7;
Landes, K. K. , 1952a; Lawson, A. C, 1950;
Littlehales, G. W. , 1932b; Ludwick, J. C, Jr.,
1950; McGee, W. J., 1900; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952;
Menard, H. W., 1952; Menard, H. W. and Dietz,

R. S., 1951; Moore, D. G., 1951; Murray, H. W.,
1939; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939a,
1939b; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953e;
Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F. P., 1936e,
l936f, I937d, 1937e, I937g, I938d, I938i, I939d,
1939e, 19l+0a, 19l+0b, 19l+la, 19l+lb, 19l+2b, 1950d,
1950e, 1951a, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 1937, 191+1; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W.
F., 1937; Stevenson, R. E., I95I+; Studds, R. F.
A., 1950; Trask, P. D., 1930, 1931a, 1931b, 1932a,
193!+; Uchupi, E., 1951+; Wooster, W. S., 1951
Estuary (See also: Bay, Embayment, Harbor, Lagoon, Marsh,
Salt Marsh, Swamp, Tide Flat): Anonymous, 1950c;
Alexander, A. H., 1936; Bache, A. D., 1862;
Beach Erosion Board, 19l+8b; Blinn, F. S., 1928;
Bruff, S. C, 191+0, 19!+6; Buch, C. D., 1928;
Buwalda, J., 1936; Caldwell, J. M., 1950; Calif-
ornia Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, 1952;
California Department of Fish and Game, 1951;
Congressional Documents, 1908e: Dall, W. H., 1911;
Dapples, E.C., 19*+2; Eaton, R.O., 1952; Elliott, F.E
et al, 1953; Emery, K. 0., 19^, 19l+5b, 1950d;
Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D.,
19I+I+; Friedman, S. L., 191+9; Galliher, E. W.,
1932b, 1933; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Gislen, T.,
191+3; Goodyear, W. A., 1873; Graham, H. rf. and
Gay, H., 19i+5; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P.,
1937; Harvey, D. R., 1928; Lawson, A. C, 189I+;
Leypoldt, H., 19!+lb; McKee, E. D., 1939, 1953;
MacGinitie, G. E., 1935, 1939; MacDonald, G. A.,
Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C, 191+7; MacGinitie,

G. E. and MacGinitie, N., 191+9; Mason, E. H.,
1930; Mason, H. L., 1931; Morrison, R. L., 1930;
O'Brien, M. P., 1931; Page, G. B., 1950;

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

79

Purer, E. A., 1942
stuary: Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Sanchez,
P. C-, 1934a; San Diego Regional Water Pollution
Control Board, 1952; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953c; Sears, C. B., 1876;
Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1935a, 1938f, 1949b, 1950c,
1950e, 1950f, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Simmonds, H. B., 1952; Sisler, F. D. and
ZoBell, C. E., 1950; Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954;
Smith, W. D., 1933a, 1933c; Somers, P., 1952;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Stevenson, R. E., and
Emery, K. 0., 1951; Swain, F. E., 1951; Sykes,
G., 1926; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Updegraff,
D. M., 1948; Wanless, H. R., 1950; Weaver,

C. E., 1949; White, D., 1911; ZoBell, C. E.,
1941, 1942a, 1946-191*7, 19^7d

stuary Flushing - see Flushing of Estuary

vaporation: Anderson, C. A-, 1950; Bigelow, H. B. and

Leslie, M., 1930; California Academy of Sciences,
California Division of Fish and Game, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wild-
life Service, 1950; California Bureau of Sanitary
Engineering, 1952; Clarke, K. B., 1934; Clark,
W. 0., 1915; Copeland, C. A., 1933; Cummings,
N. W., 1921, 1950; Dall, W. H., 1911; Dunkle,
M. B., 1944; Elliott, F. E., Tressler, W. L.
and Myers, W. H., 1953; Emery, K. 0., 194lb,
1946b; Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 1948
(in beach sands); Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F.,
1951J Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R., 1939;
Gislen, T. , 1944; Hall, W. H., 1886; Harvey,

D. R., 1928; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Jacobs, W. C,
1939, 19^2, 1943 (also seasonal evaporation, rate
of evaporation), 1949; Jacobs, W. C. and Clarke,
K. B., 19^3; LaFond, E. C, 1940; Leipper,

D. F., 19^7; McEwen, G. F., 1918, 1919a, 1929,
1930a, 1930b, 1930c, 1933, 1934a, 1934b, 193^<i,
1936, 1937b, 1937d, 1937-1938; Merrill, F.
J. H., 1915; Miller, R. C, Ramage, W. D. and
Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg, E. G., 1928a, 1930c;
Moberg, E. C, and Allen, W. E., 1927; Munk,
W. H., 1947b; Munk, W. H. and Anderson, E. R.,
1948; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1908; Osorio Tafall,

B. F., 1944; Purer, E. A., 1936, 1942; Richard-
son, B., 1930, 1932b; San Diego Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952 (bay, estuary);
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1938a,
1939a, 1939b, 1939c, 1940e, 1940g, 194la, 194lc;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1945a, 1945b; Tibby,

R. B., 19^1; Trask, P. D., 1939; Vaughan, T. W.,
1930b, 1932c, 1940 (precipitation vs evaporation);
Young, A. A., 19^5, 19^7a, 1947b

ctinction Coefficient (See also: Absorption, Light, Trans-
parency, Turbid Water): Young, R. T., Jr., 1939

cplosives or Explosions (See also: Geophysics, Sound):

Aplin, J. A., 19^7; Bell, G. K., 1948; Dyk, K.
and Swainson, 0. W., 1953; Hubbs, C. L. and
Rechnizer, A. B., 1952; Raitt, R. W., 1954;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1945a;
Stormont, D. H., 1951a

iulting, Submarine (See also: Continental Shelf, Origin;
Continental Slope, Origin; Escarpment, Fault
Scarps, Seismology; Submarine Canyon, Origin;
Submarine Topography): Anonymous, 1932c, 1952e,
1952i; Anderson, C. A., 1941, 1950; Armstrong,
T. A., 195U; Ashauer, H., Hollister, J. S. and
Reed, R. D., 1936; Beach Erosion Board, 1946j;
Beal, C. H., 1945; Benioff, H., 1938; Bremner,

C. St. J., 1933; Brown, E. I., 1939; Bucher,

W. H., 1940; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Buwalda, J.
P., 1936, 1948; Byerly, P., 1927, 1937, 1938a,
1938b, 1940b; Byerly, p. and Evernden, J. F., 1950b;
Chase, J. L., 1948; Clark, B. L., 1931; Clements,
T. and Emery, K. 0., 1947; Corey, W. H., 1952;
Cottom, C. A., 1942; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky,
A. W., et al, 1953; Crosley, w. S., 1927; Dietz,
R. S., 1952a; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S., Menard, H. W.
and Hamilton, E. L., 1952, 1954; Diller, J. S.,
1915; Driver, H. L., 1948; Eardley, A. J., 1954;
Eaton, J. E., 1933; Emery, K. 0., 194la, 1950b,
1951, 1952b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1945; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;

Grant, U. S., 1944; Gutenberg, B., 1939, 19^1a;
Gutenberg, B., Richter, C. F. and Wood, H. P.,
1932; Harding, C. R., 1929; Heck, N. H., 1926;
Hill, M. L., 1928; Hill, M. L. and Dibblee, T.
W., jr., 1953; Hill, R. T., 1928a, 1928b; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952; Hodge, E. T., 1934; Holzman,
J. E., 1950; Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933; Koczy,

F. F., 1954; Krynine, P. D., 1937; Kuenen, Ph.
H., 1947; Lakes, A., 1903a; Loudermilk, J. D. ,
1944; Landes, K. K. , 1952a; Lange, A., 1954;
Lawson, A. C, 1893b, 1950; Leypoldt, H., 1938,
194lc ; Louderback, G. D., 1930, 1940;
MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Maxson, J. H., 1931,
1932; Menard, H. W. and Dietz, R. S., 1951;
Menard, H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L.,
Moore, D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M. and
Stewart, H. B., 1954; Miller, W. J., 1940;
Mitchell, G. D., 1928; Moore, D. G., 1951;
Munk, W. H., 1940; Munk, W. H. and Traylor,

M. A., 1947; Murray, H. W. , 1939; Nicholls,

C. P. L., 1936c; Nicholson, G. F., 1929;
Norris, R. M. , 1951; Poland, J. F., 1947;
Revelle, R., 1939b; Revelle, R. and Emery, K.
0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Richter, C. F., 1940; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953e; Shaler, N. S., 1895;
Shepard, F. P., 1933b, 1934b, 1935b, 1936e, 1936f,
1937b, 1937c, 1937d, 1937g, 1938d, 1938h, 1939e,
1940d, 194la, I94lb, 1942b, 1947b, 1949c, 1950d,
1950e; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1937,
194l; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S.,
1939; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath-, W. F., 1937;
Smith, P. A., 1938, 1940; Smith, W. D. , 1919,
1933a, 1933b; Sparks, N. R., 1936; Stormont,

D. H., 1951c, 1954b; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c,
1939a; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l, 1942a;
Thorn, W. T., Jr., 1938; Toit, A. L., du, 1940;
Trask, P. D. and Rolston, J. W., 1950a; Uchupi,
E., 1954; Vaughan, T. W., 1936; Weaver, C. E.,
1949; Willis, B., 1925, 1938a, 1938b; Wisser,
E., 1954; Wood, H. 0., 1915, 1947

Fault Scarps, Submarine (See also: Escarpment, Faulting,
Seismology, Submarine Topography): Byerly,
P., 1938b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S., Menard,
H. W. and Hamilton, E. L., 1952, 1954; Emery,
K. 0., 1947c; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1945; Hill, R. T., 1928a; Jenkins, 0. P.,
1943a; Revelle, R., 1939b; Revelle, R. and
Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1937b,
1938d, 1940e, 194la, 1949c, 1950e; Shepard, F- P. and
Emery, K. 0., 19^1; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,

G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and
Dietz, R. S., 1939; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath,
W. F., 1937; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c, 1939a;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l, 1942a; Toit,
A. L., du, 1940; Uchupi, E., 1954

Felsite (See also: Igneous Rock, Rock): Butcher, W. S.,

1951a
Fetch: Gorsline, D. G., 1954; Granthem, K. N., 1953;

Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P.

and Crowell, J. C., 1946; O'Brien, M. P. and

Johnson, J. W., 1947; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;

VanDorn, W. G., 1953
Fill - see Cut and/or Fill
Fiords: Sanchez, P. C., 1934a
Floating Sediments (see also: Rafting): Emery, K. 0.,

1945b; Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F., 1951
Floculation: Dietz, R. S., 1952b; Fox, D. L., 1950;

Gilbert, G. K., 1917; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick,

J. C, 1951; U. S. Waterways Experiment Station,

Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1950
Flora (See also: Algae, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, Phyto-

plankton, Plankton, Vegetation): Axelrod, D. I.,

1939; Carpenter, E. J. and Storie, R. E., 1929;

Chaney, R. W., 1936a, 1936b, 1940; Chaney, R.

W. and Dorf, E., 1934; Chaney, R. W. and Mason,

H. L., 1934; Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938b, 1940;

Dawson, E. Y., 1952; Dill, R. F., 1952; Durham,

J. W., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1946b, 1952b; Fox,

D. L., 1937, 1950; Fraser, C. McL., 19^3;

Galliher, E. W. , 1933; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917;

Goodyear, W. A., 1873; Graham, H. W., 1934;

Greene, E. L., 1886, 1887; Harding, H. W. and

80

Special Report 44

Moberg, E. G., 1931*; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Hoover,
J. W., 1932b; Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933; Kindle,
E. M., 1934; LeConte, J., 1887; McConnaughey,

B. H. and Fox, D. L., 1949; MacGinitie, G. E-,
1927, 1935; Mason, H. L., 1931; Moberg, E. G.,
1928a, 1928b; Moberg, E. G. and Fleming, R. H.,
1934; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a, 1910b; Pease,

W. H., 1868; Purer, E. A., 1942; Richter, C. M.,
1887; Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F. P.,
1948c, 1951a; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Stevenson,
R. E. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Sverdrup, H. U.,
19Ula, 194lc; Trask, P. D., 1934, 1939; White,
D., 1911; Williams, W. , 1948; Wright, R., 1937;
Yates, L. G., l890d, 1902; ZoBell, C. E., 1933,
19^7d; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942

Florescence - see Luminescence

Florine, Florine (See also: Halogens): Dietz, R. S.,

Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0. and Dietz, R. s. , 1950; McEwen, G. F.,
1934a; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951;
Sheperd, E. S., 1940, 191+6; Thompson, T. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932

Flushing of Estuary, Tidal Flushing: Crooke, R. C,

Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Elliott, F. E.,
Tressler, W. L. and Myers, W. H., 1953; Kenyon,
E. C, Jr., 1951

Fluting - see Minor Features, Rocky Coasts

Fog (See also: Meteorology and Climate): Anderson, J. B.,
1931; Beach Erosion Board, 1949b; Byers, H. R.,
1930, 1931; Blake, D., 1926; Crooke, R. C,
Elvitsky, A. W. , et al, 1953; Great Britain
Meteorological Office, 1950; Greenwell, W. E.,
1858; Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge
Commission, 1930; Leipper, D. F., 1947, 1948a,
19^8b; McEwen, G. F., 1930c; Neiburger, M.,
Beer, C. G. P. and Leopold, L. B., 194-5; Palmer,
A. H., 1917; Patton, C. P., 1953; Petterssen,
S-, 1938; Yale, C. G., 1879

Folding (See also; Diastrophism, Warping): Anderson, C.
A., 194l ; Bucher, W. H., 1940; Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Chase, J. L., 1948; Emery, K. 0., 1950d;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 19^1; Stille, H., 1936; Weaver, C. E.,
1949; Woodring, W. P. and Kew, W. S. W. , 1932

Foraminifera (See also: Pyrite): Anonymous, 1942; Ander-
son, F. M., 1926; Anderson, R., 1927; Atwill,
E. R., 1942; Bagg, R. M., Jr., 1912; Bailey,
T. L., 1935; Bandy, 0. L., 1952, 1953a, 1953W
1954; Bush, J. B., 1930; Butcher, W. S., 1951a,
1951b; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S. , 1952;
Chesterman, C. W. , 1952; Church, C. C, 1929;
Clements, T. and Dana, S. W. , 1949; Coe, W. R.,
1948; Coe, W. R. and Allen, W. E., 1937; Cohee,
G. V., 1938; Crouch, R. W., 1951, 1952, 1954;
Cushman, J. A., 1925; Cushman, J. A. and Valentine,
W. W., 1930; David, L., 1947; Dietz, R. S., 194lj
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0., 1938a, 1938b; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Dill, R. F., 1952; Dill, R. F. , Dietz, R. S. and
Stewart, H., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 194la, 1947a,
1947b, 1948, 1952a, 1952b, 1953b, 1954b, 1954d;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 194l, 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emery,
K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E-, 1950; Emiliani,

C, 1954; Emiliani, C. and Epstein, S., 1953;
Farrand, W. H., 1929; Galliher, E. W., 1935a,
1933b, 1935c, 1937; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki,
K. L., 1950; GSes, A., 1896; Goodwin, J. C. and
Thomson, J. N., 1954; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grim,
R. E., Dietz, R. S., and Bradley, W. F., 1949;
Eanna, G. D., 1952; Hanna, G. D. and Church, C.
C, 1927; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Hoots, H. W.,
Blount, A. L. and Jones, P. H. , 1935; Inman, D.
L., 1950; Kindle, E. M., 1934; Ludwick, J. C.
Jr., 1950; MacDonald, J. A. and Diediker, P. L.,
1930; Martin, l. T., 1930, 1931, 1932, 1935, 1937;
Martin, L. T. and Keen, A. M. , 1937; Menard, H.
W., 1952; Moore, D. G. , 1951; Moyer, D. A.,
1929a, 1929b; Myers, E. H., 1942, 1943; Natland,
M. L., 1933a, 1933b; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l; Nicol, D., 1942, 1944;

Norris, R. M., 1951; Phleger, F. B., 1951;
Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 1942; Rankin, W.
1931; Revelle, R., 1935, 1950; Revelle, R. and
Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939b (also foraminiferal sand); Rothwell,
W. T., Jr., 1944; Schenck, H. G., 1940; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1953e; Shepard,

F. P., 1932, 194la, 1949d, 1951a, 1951b, 1951d,
1953; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l, 1945
Shepard, F. p. and Wrath, W. F. , 1937; Shumway,

G. A., 1953; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1939a, 1940e;
Tanner, Z. L., 1892b; Taylor, C. V. and Vaughan,
T. W., 1934; Topp, E. C, 1929; Trask, P. D.,
1931b, 1937a, 1937b; Uchupi, E., 195^; Vaughan,
T. w., 1930a, 1930b, 1931, 1932b, 1933, 1935b,
1940; Voorthuysen, J. H., van, 1953; Wright,
R., 1937

Foraminiferal Ooze - see Ooze, General

Forecasting of Waves - see Wave Forecasting

Foreset: Thompson, W. 0., 1934; Shepard, F. P.,194la

Fouling, including Attached, Encrusting and Fouling

Organisms (See also: Organisms): Allen, W. E.,
1939, 19^1c; Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A. H., 1948;
Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Cartwright,
L. D., Jr., 1928; Chadwick, W. L., Clark, F. S.,
and Fox, D. L., 1950; Coe, W. R., 1932; Coe,
W. R. and Allen, W. E., 1937; Coe, W. R. and Fox,
D. L., 19^2, 1944; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Elliott,
F. E., Tressler, W. L. and Myers, W. H., 1953;
Emery, K. 0., 1947a, 19^70, 19^8; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Graham, H. W. and Gay, H., 1945; Holzman, J. E.,
1950; Johnson, M. W., Everest, F. A. and Young,
R. W., 19V7; Scheer, B. T. and Fox, D. L.,
19^7; Shepard, F. P., 1947a; Shepard, F. P.
and Emery, K. 0., 1946; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1940e;
Vaughan, T. W. , 1933; ZoBell, C. E., 1942a, 1947c

Friction, i.e. Bottom Friction, Wind Friction: Dall, W. H.,
1911; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H.,
195^; Fleming, R. H., 1937-1938; Hidaka, K. ,
1953; Inman, D. L. and Quinn, W. H., 1952; Munk,
W. H., 1950; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C., 1946; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b, 1943; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 19521, 1953c;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1938a, 1939a, 1939c; Swain, F. E., 1951

Frosting, or Frosted Sand Grains: Dill, R. F. , Dietz, R. S.
and Stewart, H., 1951*-; Merriam, P. D. , 1949;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937

Gabbro (See also: Igneous Rock, Rock): Cohee, G. V., 1938;
Louderback, G. D. , 194-0

Gallium: Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951

Gases (see also: Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Mono-
xide, Hydrogen, Hydrogen Sulfide, Methane, Nitrogen
Submarine Oil and Gas Seeps): Atwill, E. R.,
1942; Dall, W. H., 1911; Dawson, E. Y., 1951;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1942; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952;
Ford, J. L. C, 19^2; Fox, D. L. and Anderson,
L. J., 1941; Fox, D. L. and Updegraff, D. M.
and Novelli, G. D., 1944; Fox, L. S., 1930;
Hutton, W. E. and ZoBell, C. E., 1949; Krumbein,
W. C, 1942; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Morrison,
R.-L., 1930; Revelle, R., 1950; Shepard, F. P.,
1951d; Sisler, F. P. and ZoBell, C. E., 1951b;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Tanner, Z. L., 1896;
Thayer, L. A., 1937; Thompson, T. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932; ZoBell, C. E. , 1938, 1939,
1942a, 1942b, 1946b, 1946-1947, 1947b, 1947c,
1947d, 1949, 1950

Gas Seeps - see Submarine Oil and Gas Seeps

Geology and Paleonotology: (including Coasts): Anonymous,

1925a, 1932d; 'Anderson, C. A., 1941, 1950; Arnold
D., 1896; Arnold, R., 1900; Bailey, T. L., 1935,
1943, 19^7; Black, G. L., 1951*-; Buwalda, J. p.,
1927, 1936; Chace, E. P. and Chace, E. M. , 1919;
Chaney, R. W., 1936, 1940; Chaney, R. W. and
Dorf, E., 1934; Clark, B. L., 1921, 1930, 1933?;
Congressional Documents, 1953t>; Corey, W. H., 1952,
Crandall, H., 1915; Crooks, R. C., Elvitsky, A. W.

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

81

et al, 1953; Darton, N. H., 1921; David, L.,
19^7; Davis, W. M., 1932; Dickerson, R. E., 1932;
Dlller, J. S., 1902; Durham, J. W., I9I+9, 1950a,
1950b, 1950c, 1952; Eardley, A. J., I95I+; Eaton,
J. E., 1939, 19^3; Eckis, R., 1936; Ellis, A.
J. and Lee, E. H., 1919; Emery, K. 0., 195^e;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emiliani, C. and Epstein,
S., 1953; Emmonds, S. F. and Merrill, G. P.,
189I+; Gaylord, E. G. and Hanna, G. D., 1925;
Gester, G. □., 1927; Goldberg, E. D., X95U;
Goodyear, W. S., 1889, 189O; Gorsline, D. S.,
195^; Grant, U. S., 1936) Griesbach, J. 0.,
19^7; Hanna, G. D. , 1925a, 1925b, 1928; Hanna,
M. A., 1926; Howe, H. V., 1926; Jenkins, 0. P.
(editor) and Others, 1951; Johnson, I. M. , 192I+;
Kelley, V. C, 1932; Kindle, E. M., 1931*; King,
R. E., 1939; Louderback, G. D., 1913; Lawson,
A. C, 1895; Mason, H. L., 1929, 1931; Merrill,

F. J. H., 1915, 1917; Miller, W. J., 1935;
Moyer, D. A., 1929; Myers, E. H., 191+2; Nichol-
son, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and
Crowell, J. C, 191*6; Pelline, J. E., 1952;
Putnam, W. C, 1938; Reed, R. D., 1933b, 1931+ ,
1938, 19^3a, 19^3b; Reed, R. D. and Hollister,
J. S., 1936; Reiche, P., 1937; Robertson,

G. K., 1932; Rothwell, W. T., Jr., 19I+I+, I9U6;
Sanchez, P. C, 193^b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0-, 19^1; Smith, J. P., 1901+, 1919; Smith,
W. D., 1933a, 1933c; Soper, E. K., 1938;
Spencer, J. W., 1897; Stock, C, 19V3, I9I+6;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, I9I+I; Taliaferro,

N. L., 19^3; Thomasson, H. G., Jr., 1951;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Trask, P. D., 1921+ ,
1926a, 1937b; Upson, J. E., 1951; Weaver, C. E.,
1914-1+; Weaver, D. K. and Wilhelm, V. H., 191+3;
Webb, R. W., 1936; White, D., 1911; Wilcox,
G. A., 1911; Wilson, I. F., 19148; Wittich, E.,
1920; Woodford, A. 0., 192*4, 1925, 1928; Wood-
ford, A. 0. and Bailey, T. L., 1928; Woodring,
W. P., 1930, 1935, 1938a, 1938b, 1952; Woodring,
W. P., Bramlette, W. N. and Kew, W. S. W. , I9I46;
Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, W. N. and Kleinpell,
R. M., 1936; Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, W. N.
and Lohman, K. E., 191+3; Woodring, W. P., and
Kew, W. S. W., 1932; Wright, R., 1937
California Coastal Islands: Anonymous, 1887,
1932e, 19l+9a; Anderson, F. M. , 1896-1902;
Anderson, R. E., Redwine, L. E. and McGovney,
P. E., 191+9; Arnold, D. , 1897; Bagg, R. M., Jr.,
1912; Bailey, E. H., 191+0, 1941; Bailey, T. L.,
191+7; Becker, G. F. , 1888; Blake, W. P., 1856,
1868, 1898; Bowers, S., 1878, 189O; Bowie, W.,
192l+a; Bremner, C. St. J., 1890, 1932, 1933;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Chaney, R. W. , 1928;
Chaney. R. W. and Mason, H. L., I93I+; Clements,
T., 191+6, 191+8; cockerell, T. D. A., 1937, 1938a,
1938b, 1938c, 1939, 191+0; Crickmay, C H., 1929a,
1929b; Dall, W. H. and Harris, G. D., 1892;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
191+2; Driver, H. L., I9I+8; Dunkle, M. B., 191+1+,
1950; Ellis, A. J. and Lee, E. H., 1919; Emery,
K. 0., 1951+d; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Fairbanks, H. W.,
1901+; Fewkes, J. W., 1889; Fisher, E. M., 1930;
Goodyear, W. A., I89O; Griesbach, J. 0., 191+7;
Hanna, G. D., 1951; Heizer, R. F. and Treganza,
A. E., 191+1+; Hertlein, L. G., 1928; Hill, R. T.,
1928b; Hobbs, W. H., 1931; Kemnitzer, L. E.,
1933, 1936: Kew, W. S. W., 1927, 1928; Knopf,
E. C, 1938; Loudermilk, J. D., I9I+I+ (Catalinia);
Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Loel, W. and Corey,
W. H., 1932; Menard, H. W. , Dill, R. F., Hamilton,
E. L., Moore, D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M.
and Stewart, H. B., 195*+; Miller, W. J., 19I+O;
Mills, B., 1932a; Moody, G. B., 1935; Nelson,
R. N. and Schenck, H. G., 1928; Norris, R. M.,
1951; Orr, P. C, 1952; Rand, W. W. , 1931;
Randolph, G. C, 1933, 1935; Ransome, F. L., 189!+;
Shepard, F. P., Grant, U. S. and Dietz, R. S.,

1939; Smith, w. s. t., 1897, 1898, 1899, 1900,
1933; Stearns, R. E. C, 1875; Stock, C, 1935,
1936; Stock, C. and Furlong, E. L., 1928; Trask,
B., 1907; Trowbridge, W. P., 1856a; Tucker, W.
P., 1927; Uchupl, E., 1951+; Washington, H. S., 1901;

Weeks, L. G., 1952; Whitney, J. D., 1865; Willis,
B., 1900, 1925; Wilson, R. W., 1936; Woodford,

A. 0., 1921+, 1925; Yates, L. G., 1889, l890a,
l890b, 1890c, 1902

Mexican Coastal Islands including Gulf of Calif-
ornia: Anderson, C. A., 19^1, 1950; Butcher,
W. S., 1951a; Darton, N. H., 1921; Durham,
J. W., 1950c; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Gorsline,

D. G. , 19514; Hanna, G. D., 1926, 1927; Hanna,
G. D. and Grant, W. M., 1926; Johnson, C. W.,
1953; Johnson, I. M., 1921+; Jones, F. A., 1910;
Jordan, E. K., 1926; Jordan, E. K. and Hertlein,
L. G., 1926a, 1926b; McLellan, M. E., 1925;
Osorio Tafall, B. R., 191+3, I9I48; Paredes, T. ,
1920; Sanchez, P. C, 193l+b; Sverdrup, H. U.
and Staff, I9I+I; Wilson, I. F., 191+8

Geophysical Surveys etc. (See also: Explosives or Explosions,
Sound.): Anonymous, I9I+8, 1952h, 195l+e; Aplin,
J. A., 191+7; Bell, G. K., 191+8; Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Byerly, P., 1938b; Dyk, K. and Swainson,
0. W., 1953; Eardley, A. J., 1951+; Emery,
K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Gutenberg,

B. and Buwalda, J. P., 1935; Gutenberg, B.,
Wood, H. 0. and Buwalda, J. P., 1932; Havemann,
H., 1952; Hubbs, C. L. and Rechnizer, A. B.,
1952; Johnson, C. H. and Galeski, R. B., 191+9;
Meinesz, F. A. V., 19I+8; Nettleton, L. L., 1951;
Raitt, R. W., I9I+9, 1950, I95I+; Shepard, F. P.,
19l+0c, 19l+la; Sneddon, R., I9I48; Stephenson,

E. L., 1945; Stormont, D. H., 1951, 1951a, 1953,
195l+b; Swainson, 0. W., Mcllwraith, C. G. and
Dyk, K., 1934; Thorn, W. T., Jr., 1938; Wharton,
M., I9I+8; Woollard, G. P., 1951

Geosyncline (see also: Syncline, Trench): Revelle, R.,
I 1939t

Germanium: Revelle, R., 1935; Vaughan, T. W. , 1933

Glacial - see Sea Level Changes, Glacial

Glacial Deposits: Urry, W. D., 191+0

Glaciation - see Continental Shelf, Glaciation on

Glauconite (see also: Authigenic Minerals, Diagenesis):
Beach Erosion Board, 1953c; Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congressional
Documents, 1953b; Coxe, L. C, 191+9; Dana, S.
W., 191+2; Dapples, E. C, 191+2; Dietz, R. S.,
191+1; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0., 1938a, 1938b;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
191+2; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dill, R. F., Dietz,
R. S. and Stewart, H., I95U; Emery, K. 0.,
19l+la, 19l+7a, 19l+7b, I9I+8, 1952a, 1952b, 1953b;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz,
R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952; Galliher, E.W., 1935a, 1935b, 1935c, 1937,
1939; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley,
W. F., 19!+9; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Inman, D.
L., 1950; Krumbein, W. C, 191+2; Norris, R. M.,
1951; Revelle, R., 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery,
K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
193915, 191+la; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
191+-1; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz,
R. S., 1939; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J.,
1932; Uchupi, E., 1951+; Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Glaucophane (See also: Rock, Schist): Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Emery, K. 0., 19l+7b, 19l+7c

Globergerina Ooze (See also: Pelagic Sediments): Emery,
K. 0., 1954b; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S.,
191+1; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952;
Go'es, A., 1896; Menard, H. W., 1952; Michael,
E. L., 1919; Piggot, C. S., 1932, 191+1+;
Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 191+2; Revelle,
R., 1935, 1937a, 1937b; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953e; Shepherd, E. S., 1946;
Takahashi, J., 1925; Vaughan, T. W., 1933, 19*40;
White, D., 1911

Gneiss (See also: Metamorphic Rock, Rock): Shumway, G. A.,
1953; Trask, P. D., 1952a

Gold (See also: Auriferous Beach Sands, Beach Placers):
Piggot, C. S., 1933, 19*+!+; Thompson, T. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D. , 1939

Grabens (See also: Trench, Trough): Dietz, R. S., Menard,
H. W., and Hamilton, E. L., I95I+; Koczy, F. F.,
1951+

Graded Bedding: Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H.,

82

Special Report 44

1954; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952;

Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951
Gradient - see Beach and Nearshore, Continental Shelf,

Continental Slope, Submarine Canyon
Grain Size: Atwill, E. R. , 1942; Bucher, W. H., 1940;

Carsola, A. J., 1947; Crooke, R. A., Elvitsky,

A. W. et al, 1953; Dana, S. W., 1942; Dapples,

E. C, 1942; Dietz, R. S., 194l; Emery, K. 0.,
1950d; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0., and
Dietz, R. S., 19^1; Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H.,
1948; Galliher, E. W. , 1935c; Garrison, L. E.
and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Gilbert, J. Y. and
Allen, W. E., 1943; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission,
1930; Inman, D. L., 1950; Krumbein, W. C,
1942; Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard, H. W., 1952;
Leeds, C. T., 1915; Lesser, R. M., 1951;
Louderback, G. D., 1940; McKee, E. D., 1939,
1953; Menard, H. W., 1952; Menard, H. W. and
Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Miller, R. L., 1954;
Moberg, E. G., Fleming, R. H., Heusner, K. and
Revelle, R., 1937; Moyer, D. A., 1929b; Munk,
W. H., 194l; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 194l; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Putnam, J. A., Bermel, K. J. and Johnson, J. W. ,
1947; Revelle, R., 1938, 1939b; Revelle, R.' and
Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1939t>; Rittenberg, S. C, 19^0; Sumner,
F. B., Louderback, G. D., Schmitt, W. L. and
Johnston, E. C, 19l4; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Sverdrup, H. U. , 1939a, 1940e; Trask, P. D., 1927a,
1927b, 1931a, 1931b, 1932a, 1934, 1939; Trask,

P. D. and Rolston, J. W., 1950b; Udden, J. A.,
1914; ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1942a, 1942b, 1943
Abyssal: Emery, K. 0., 1954b; Revelle, R., 1935
Bank: Clements, T. and Dana, S. /I. , 1944; Emery,
K. 0., 1948, 1954b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Garrison,
L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Grim, R. E.,
Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Holzman,
J. E., 1950; Uchupi, E., 1954

Basin: Emery, K. 0., 1950e, 1954b; Emery, K. 0.
and Rittenberg, S. C., 1951, 1952; Garrison, L.
E. and Takasaki, K. L. , 1950; Ludwick, J. C,
Jr., 1950; Revelle, R., 1938, 1939b; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P.,
1951b; Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954; Trask, P. D.,
1931b, 1932a

Beach and Nearshore: Anonymous, 1933e, 1938a,
1940d,~1950d; Bascom, W. N., 1950c; Beach
Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948b, 1948h, 1948i, 1952a,
1952b, 1953b, 1953c; Boos, M. F., 1940; Brown,
E. I., 1939; Bullard, F. M. and Mills, R. A.,
1951; California, University of, 1952a, 1954b;
Coe, W. R., 1947; Congressional Documents, 1938a,
1940a, 1953b; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Einstein, H.
A., 1951; Emery, K. 0., 1945a, 1945b, 1946b,
1954b, 1954c (gravel); Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J.
F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F., 1951;
Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E., 1950; Fisher,
R. L. and Mills, R., 1952; Gee, H. C, 1938;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S., 1938, 1943,
1946; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1940;
Griggs, A. B. and Wells, F. G. , 1942; Hall, J.
V., Jr., 1952; Hall, W. C, 1942; Handin, J.
W., 1949, 1951; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C,
1949; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1950, 1953b; Isaacs,
J. D., 1945b, 1945c, 1945<1, 1945g, 19451, 1945 j,
1945k, 1945m, 1947a; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom,
W. N., 1947; Johnson, J. W. , 1952; Keller, W.
D., 1941, 1945; Krumbein, W. C, 1947, 1950;
Lang, H., 19l6; Louderback, G. D., 1940; Marlette,
J. W., 1954; Martens, J. H. C, 1939; Mason,
M. A., 1942, 1949a; Munk, W. H., 1949b; Nichol-
son, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and
Crowell, J. C, 1946; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1939;
Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1931, 1936a,
1939; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a; Page, G. B., 1950;
Palmer, R. H., 1928; Reed, R. D., 1930b; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Schupp, R. D. , 1953;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952i, 1953c;
Shepard, F. P., 1950c, 1950g; Shepard, F. P. and
Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Shuler, W.
R., 1951, 1952; Sinnott, A., 1941; Stelzenmuller,

W. B., 1949; Stump, R. S. ana Bascom, W. N., 1947;
Thompson, W. 0., 1934, 1937; Trask, P. D., 1952a,
1952b; Trask, P. D. and Scott, T. , 1954 (also
median diameter vs. sorting); Twenhofel, W. H.,
1946; Watts, G. M. and Others, 1953; Wiegel,
R. L., 1947b; Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A.
and Kimberley, H. L., 1953; Woodford, A. 0., 1935
Coastal Sand Dunes: Congressional Documents, 1953b;
Emery, K. 0., 1954b; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Handin,
J. W., 1949; Isaacs, J. D. , 1945k; Keller, w. D.,
1941, 1945; Krumbein, W. C, 1947; Merriam, P.
D., 1949; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1908, 1910a; Page,
G. -B., 1950; Reed, R. D., 1936b; Sinnott, A.,
194l; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Twenhofel, W. H.,
1946

Continental and Insular Shelves : Beach Erosion
Board, 1952b] Cohee, G. V., 1938; Crooks, R. C,
Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953; Dill, R. F., 1952;
Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0., 1952a, 1954b;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Fisher, R. L. and Mills, R.,
1952; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950;
Inman, D. L., 1950; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
Marlette, J. W., 1954; Miller, R. L., 1954;
Moore, D. G. , 1951; Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Schneider, W. A.,
1954; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1940c, 1949d;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1934, 193©;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937
Continental Slope: Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery,
K. 0., 195^b; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952

Submarine Canyons : Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congress-
ional Documents, 1953b; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S.
and Stewart, H., 1954; Garrison, L. E. and
Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Handin, J. W., 1949;
Ludwick, J. C., Jr., 1950; MacDonald, G. A.,
1934; Marlette, J. W. , 1954; Shepard, F. P.,
1934a, 1951a, 1951d; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,
G. A., 1934; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
1941
Granite and Granodiorite: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Galliher,

E. W., 1935a, 1935c; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Holzman,
J. E., 1950 ; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Landes, K.

K. , 1952a; Lawson, A. C, 1893a; Revelle, R.

and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1936d,

l936f, I936e, I936g, 1949e, 1950e, 1951c, 1952a;

Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shumway,

G. A., 1953; Trask, P. D., 1952a
Ground Water (See also: Water Table): Revelle, R., 194l;

Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951
Gravel (See also: Cobble Beach): Anderson, C. A., 1941;

Arnold, J. L., 1928; Blake, J., 1868b; Buck,

C. D., 1928; Collins, L. B., 1931; Congressional

Documents, l880a; Crooke, R. C., Elvitsky, A. W.

et al, 1953; Emery, K. 0., 194la, 194lc, 1947a;

Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1941; Emery, K.

0. and Gould, H., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,

F. P., 194l, 1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R.
H., 194l; Everest, F. A., Young, R. W. and
Johnson, M. W. , 1948; Fraser, C. McL., 1943;
Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935c; Goodyear, W. A.,
1873; Gregory, H. E., 1915; Hanna, G. D., 1951;
Harding, C. R., 1929; Hoover-Young San Francisco
Bay Bridge Commission, 1930; Johnson, M. W.,
1948; Johnson, M. W., Everest, F. A. and Young,
R. W., 1947; Lawson, A. C, 1894; Lesser, R. M. ,
1951; Louderback, G. D., 1920, 1924, 1940;
Menard, H. W., 1952; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick,
J. C, 1951; Morrison, R. L., 1930; Packard, E.
L., 1918; Revelle, R., ,1950; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Shepard, F. P., 194la, 1948c, 1952a; Smith, A. G.
and MacKenzie, G. , Jr., 1948; Sumner, F. B.,
Louderback, G. D. , Schmitt, W. L. and Johnston,

E. C, 1914; Trask, P. D., 1931b, 1950; Trask,

P. D. and Rolston, J. W. , 1950a

Abyssal: Belknap, G. E., l874a; Emery, K. 0.

and Natland, M. L., 1952; Shepard, F. P., 1949d,

1950a, 1951b; Shumway, G. A., 1953

Bank and Seamount : Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola,

A. J. and Dietz. R. S., 1952; Clements, T. and

Dana, S. W., 1944; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.

and Shepard, F. P., 1942

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

83

Emery, K. 0., 1947a, 1947b, 1948; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^5; Garrison, L. E.
and Takaaaki, K. L., 1950; Hanna, G. D., 1952;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Menard, H. W., 1952;
Shepard, F. P., 1938f, 1940b, 194la, 1949e, 1951e;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941, 1945;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Uchupi, E., 1954
Basin: Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^5;
Shepard, F. P., 1951b

Beach and Nearshore : Anonymous, 1938a, 1938b,
l950d,~1950el Bascom, W. N., 1946b, 1950c;
Beach Erosion Board, 1948i, 1949a, 1953a, 1954a;
Blake, W. P., 1856; Chase, A. W., 1875; Congress-
ional Documents, 1940a, 1953b; Davis, W. M., 1932;
Diller, J. S., 1898, 1902; Edman, J. A., 1894,
1906; Emery, K. 0., V)h6b, 1954c; Emery, K. 0.
and Tschudy, R. H., 19^1; Emmonds, S. F. and
Merrill, G. P., 189U; Fraser, C. McL., 1943;
Goodyear, W. A., 1873; Grant, U. S., 1943; Grant,
U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1938a; Griggs, A. B.
and Wells, F. G., 1942; Gulliver, F. P., 1896;
Inman, D. L., 194-9, 1953a, 1953h; Ire Ian, W. Jr.,
I89O; Isaacs, J. D., 1945d; Johnson, A. G.,
1935; Johnson, D. W. , 1910; Lindsay, D. R.,
1952; Louderback, G. D., 1940; McKee, E. D.,
1953; MacDonald, G. A., 193^; Marlette, J. W.,
J-951*; Martens, J. H. C, 1939; Mason, E. H.,
1930; Mason, M. A., 1942; Merrill, F. J. H.,
1917; Nelson, J. W., Dean, W. C, Kocher, A. E.,
Watson, E. B. and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Nichol-
son, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and
Crowell, J. C., 1946 (also lag gravel on beach);
Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1939;
Paguirigan, F., 194l; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Put-
nam, W. C.j 1938; Ritter, W. E., 1901; Schupp,
R. D., 1953; Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F.
P., 194la, 1950c; Shepard, F. P. and Grant, U.
S., 1947; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L.,
1951b; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1940;
Smith, A. G. and MacKenzie, G. Jr., 1948; Smith,
W. S. T. , 1897; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Swinner-
ton, A. C, 1927; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Vaughan,
T. W.j 19to; Willis, B., 1900; Yale, C. G.,
1913

Continental and Insular Shelves : Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Crooke7 R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. , et al,
1953; Davidson, G. , 1897; Davis, W. M., Putnam,
W. C. and Richards, G. L., Jr., 1931; Emery, K.
0., 1947a, 1947c, 1952a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Galliher,
E. W. , 1935a, 1935b; -Gorsline, D. S., 195^;
Handin, J. W. , 1949; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Inman,
D. L., 1950; LaFond, E. C, Dietz, R. S. and
Knauss, J. A., 1950; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
Moore, D. G., 1951; Norris, R. M. , 1951; Pardee,
J. T., 1931*-; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1939b, 194la, 1949b,
1949<1; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937
Continental Slope: Emery, K. 0., 1950c; Hanna,
G. D.j 1952; Shepard, F. P., 1952a
Submarine Canyons: Anonymous, 1939; Cohee, G. V.,
1938; Davidson, G., 1887, 1897; Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy,
R. H., 19^1; Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph.
H., 19^7; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Revelle, R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Richardson, R. W. ,
1923; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933c, 1937b, 1938e,
1939a, 1940b, 1940d, 1940e, 194la, 1947a, 1948b,
1949e, 195ia, 1952a, 1953; Shepard, F. P. and
Beard, C. N., 1938; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R.,
Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938; Woodford,
A. 0., 1951

Gravel Bars - see Bars

Gravel Beach - see Cobble Beach

Gravity: Bauer, L. A., 1911; Bowie, W. , 1924b; Briggs,
L. J., 1916; Daly, R. A., 193^, 1939; Eardley,
A. J., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 1950c; Forbush, S.
E.j 193^; Gutenberg, B., 1933, 194lb, 1950; Heck,
N. H.j 1938; Heiskanen, W., 1939; Hobbs, W. H.,
1916; Jeffreys, H., 1934; Johnson, M. W. , 1939b;

Gray Mud:
Gray Sand

Graywacke
Grazing:

Green Mud

Groins -
Gullies e

Gypsum:

Koczy, F. F.j 1954; Lawson, A. C, 19h&; McManus,
A. B. and Collins, E. B., 1931*; Meinesz, F. A. V.,
1930, 194l, 1948; Nettleton, L. L., 1951; Pratt,
W. E.j 1947; Raitt, R. W., 1954; Sanchez, P. C,
1934c, 1934d; Vaughan, T. W., 1937; Wilson, G.
M.j 1946; Wood, H. 0., 1915; Woolard, G. P.,
1949, 1951
Evans, R. D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938;
Galliher, E. W., 1933, 1935a; Richardson, R. W. ,

1923

: Bache, A. D., 1856a; Belknap, G. E., l874a;
California Department of Public Health, 1951;
Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. , et al, 1953

Shumway, G. A., 1953
Emery, K. 0., 1954a; Fleming, R. H., 1939a;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Allen, W. E., 1939

: Belknap, G. E., 1874a; California Department
of Public Health, 1951; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky,
A. W., et al, 1953; Davidson, G., 1887, 1897;
Dietz, R. S., 1952a; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dill,
R. F., Die1?z; R. S. and Stewart, H., 1952; Emery,
K. 0., 1953b; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S.,
1941; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952;
Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novell!, G. D.,
1944; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W.
F., 1949; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
1946; Marlette, J. W., 1951*; Michael, E. L. and
McEwen, G. F-, 1915; Moyer, D. A., 1929b; Nat-
land, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C,
194l; Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle, R., 1939b,
1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Richard-
son, R. W., 1923; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
1941; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c, 1939a; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Staff, 194l; Tanner, Z. L., 1892a;
Udden, J. A., 191^; Vaughan, T. W., 1940; Wood-
ford, A. 0., 1951

see Engineering

specially on the Continental Slope: Benest, H.,
1899; Bucher, W. H., 1940; Buffington, E. C,
1951 and 1952 (characteristics and origin);
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Dietz, R. S., 1952a, 1951*;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; McEwen, G. F. and Staff,
1948; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Thompson, W. C, 19^9;
Thompson, W. F. and Thompson, J. B., 1919; Toit,
A. L. du, 1940; Shepard, F. P., 1937b, 19^1c
(origin), 1943a, 1948d, 1952a

Emery, K. 0., 1950d

Halogens (See also: Bromine, Chlorinity, Floride, Iodine):

Bullock, F. W. , 1933; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a
Hanging Valleys, Rocky Coasts: Smith, W. D., 1933c
Harbor: Anonymous, 1906a, 1925b, 1938a, 1938b, 1940d,

1952f; Allen, W. B., 1932; Bascom, W. N. , 1950b;
Beach Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948a, 1948c, 1948e,
1948f, I948g, I948h, I948i, 1948j, 1949a, 1951,
1952a, 195^, 1951*©; Blinn, F. S., 1928;
Broshous, C. R., 1938; Bruff, S. C, 19^;
Bullock, F. W., 1933; Caldwell, J. M., 1950;
California Department of Public Health, 1951;
California, University of, 1952a, 1954a, 1954b;
Chace, B. W., 1953; Colden, C. J. , 1926; Congress-
ional Documents, l880b, 1880c, 1897, 1908a, 1908e,
I908g, I908h, 1909, 1910, 1926, 1934b, 1938a,
1938b, 1938c, 1938d, 1940a, 1940b, 1940c, 1940d,
1940e, 1940f, 1941, 1942a, 1942b, 1942c, 1943,
1949a, 1949b, 1949c, l91+9d, I9^9e, l9^9f, 19^9-
1950a, 1949-1950b, 1953a; Darrow, W. E., 19>t-2;
Davidson, G., 1884; Dunham, J. W., 1951; Eaton,
R. 0., 1951; Ewing, G. C.j 1950c; Fries, A. A.,
1912; Gillette, C. E., 1905; Gilluly, J. and
Grant, U. S., 1947; Grant, U. S., 1938; Handin,
J. W., 1949; Harts, W. W., 1901, 19H; Harvey,
D. R., 1928; Hawgood, H., 191^; Hickson, R. E.
and Rodolf , F. W., 1951; Hoover, J. W., 1932a;
Horton, D. F., 1948; Hough, J. L., 19^2;
Hudson, R. Y. and Moore, L. F., 1951; Hughes,
R. T., 1947; Isaacs, J. D., 1948; Isaacs, J. D.
and Bascom, W. N. , 1947; Johnson, A. G. , 19^,
1951; Johnson, J. W., 1948a, 1948d; Kaplan, K.
and Pape, H. E., Jr., 1951; Kelton, E. C, 1940;
Kenyon, E. C, Jr., 1951; Knapp, R. T. and
Vanoni, V. A., 1945; Lapsley, W. W. , 1937;
Lawton, C. H., 1936; Leeds, C. T., 1915, 1936;
Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Los Angeles County

84

Special Report 44

Regional Planning Commission, 1938; Los Angeles
Regional Water Pollution Control Board, 1952;
Marlette, J. W. , 195*4; Mason, M. A., 19*49b;
McAfee, C. M., Jr., 1939; McArthur, W. P., 185O;
McEwen, G. F., 1935b; McGovan, W. C, 19l6;
McKee, E. D., 1953; McOuat, H. W., 1951; Nelson,
J. W., Zinn, C. J., Strahorn, A. T., Watson, E.

B. and Dunn, J. E., 1919; Nicholson, G. F., 1929;
Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P.
and Crowell, J. C, 19*46; O'Brien, M. P., 1939;
Peel, K. P., 1951; Pentegoff, V. P., 19*47;
Postel, A. C, 1939; Purcell, G., 191*4; Sears,

C. B., I876; Shepard, F. P., 19*49b, 1950c;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1951b; Smith,
W. D., 1933a; Somers, P., 1952; Streblow, A.

G., 1951; Studds, R. F. A., 1950; Symons, T. W.,
1893; Tilden, C. A., 1925; Tower, M. L-, 19 10;
Trask, P. D., 1931, 1952a; Trask, P. D. and Scott,
T., 195*4; U. S. Board Appointed to Locate a Deep-
Water Harbor at Port Los Angeles or at San Pedro,
California, 1897; U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey,
1913; U. S. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicks-
burg, Mississippi, 19*47a, 19*47b, 19*49, 1950;
Vanoni, V. A. and Carr, J. H., 1951; Verrill, G.
E., 1930; Wharton, M., 1929; Whiting, W. D. and
Others, 1858; Whittemore, G. F., 19l6, 1917, 1926;
Williamson, R. S. and Heuer, W. H., I87I; ZoBell,
C. E., 19*41

Headlands, Rocky Headlands, Promitories: Anonymous, 1938a,
19*40d; Arnold, R., 1900; Barrows, A. L., 1913;
Bascom, W. N., 1950b; Beach Erosion Board, 19^2a,
19*48a, 19^8h, 191481, 19*49a, 1953c, 195*4a; Blake,
W. P., 1856; Brown, E. I., 1939; Bruff, S. C,
19lt6; California, University of, 195*ia; Chase,
A. W., 1875; Congressional Documents, 1938a, 1938c,
19*40a, 19*49b, 19^9f, 1953b; Davidson, G. , 186*4,
1875a; Davis, W. M., 1932; Davis, W. M., Putnam,
W. C. and Richards, G. L., Jr., 1931; Dietz,
R. S., 19*47b; Diller, J. S., 1896; Drury, N. B.,
1938; Dunham, J. W., 1951; Dunkle, M. B., 19*4*4,
1950; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emmonds, S. F. and
Merrill, G. P., 189I4; Fewkes, J. W., 1889;
Friedman, S. L., 19*49; Goldberg, J., 19*40;
Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Handin, J. W. , 19*49, 195I;
Hannum, G. W. T., 19*47; Harts, W. W., 1911;
Hawgood, H., 191*4; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hoover,
J. W., 1932a; Inman, D. L., 19*40, 1953a, 1953b;
Ives, R. L., 1951; Krumbein, W. C, 19*47; Krumbein,
W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
1937; Lawson, A. C, 192*4; Leeds, C. T., 1936;
Leypoldt, H-, 19*4lai, 191+lb; Livingston, A. Jr.,
1939; Louderback, G. D., 19*40; MacDonald, G. A.,
193*4; Masters, P., 18*40; Munk, W. H. and Traylor,
M. A., 19*47; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 19*46; Norris,
R. M., 1951, 1952; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a; O'Brien,
M. P. and Johnson, J. W., 19*4-7; Page, G. B., 1950;
Pardee, J. T., 193*4-; Peel, K. P., 1951; Price,
F., 1936; Putnam, J. A. and Arthur, R. S., 19*48;
Putnam, W. C, 1938; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 195*4b; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shalo-
witz, A. L., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1950c, 1950g,
1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., and
LaFond, E. C, 19*41; Shepard, F. P. and Grant,
U. S., 19*47; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L.,
19*4-9; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 19*42;
Smith, W. D., 1933b, 1933c; Snavely, P. D., Jr.,
1951; Stevenson, R. E., 195*4; Symons, T. W.,
1893; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Tower, M. L.,
1910; Trask, P. D., 1952a, 1952b; Twenhofel,
W. H., 19*43; Willis, B., 1900; Wilson, M. E.,
1907

Heating: Jacobs, W. C, 19*42 and 19*43 (heat exchange), 19*49;
LaFond, E. C, 1939a, 19*40; McEwen, G. F. , 1950;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1937-1938, 1938a, 1939=, 19**0g
(heat budget)

Heavy Minerals:

Abyssal: Koczy, F. F., 195**

Bank: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Dana, S. W., 19**2;

Emery, K. 0., 19*48; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,

Gould, E. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Holzman,

J. E., 1950; Uchupi, 'E., 1954

Basin: Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.

R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and

Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Ludwick, J. W. , Jr.,

1950

Beach and Nearshore : Anonymous, 1950a, 1951d, 195**-j;
Averill, C. V. and Others, 19*4-6; Boos, M. F., 19*40;
Bullard, F. M. and Mills, R. A., 1951; Congressional
Documents, 1953b; Edman, J. A., I89I4; Griggs, A.
B. and Wells, F. G., 19*42; Handin, J. W., 19*49,
1951; Hundhausen, R. J., 19*47; Inman, D. L.,
1950, 1953b; Lakes, A., 1899; Marlette, J. W.,
195*4; Martens, J. H. C, 1939; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 19521, 1953c; Shepard, F.
P., Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Sinnott,
A., 19*41; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Trask, P. D. ,
192*4, 1952b; Twenhofel, W. H., 19*43; Yale, C. G.,
1913

Coastal Sand Dunes : Handin, J. W., 19*49; Merriam,
P. D., 19W

Continental Shelf: Anonymous, 1950b, 195*4 j;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Gorsline,

D. S., 195*4; Inman, D. L., 1950; Marlette, J. W.,
195*4; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937
Submarine Canyons : Cohee, G. V., 1938; Crowell,

J. C, 1952; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart,

H., 195*»-; Marlette, J. W. , 195*1-
Helium: Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 19*42; Sisler, F. D.

and ZoBell, C. E., 1951b
Holdfasts: Andrews, H. L., 19*45; Couch, E. B., 1915;

Crowell, J. Ci, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy,

R. H., 19*41; Ritter, W. E., 1902; Shumway, G. A.,

1953; Trask, p. D., 1939
Hooks - see Cuspate Forelands

Horst (See also: Submarine Topography): Koczy, F. F., 195*4
Hydration - see Temperature of Hydration and Dehydration
Hydrogen: Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L. J., 19*41; Galliher,

E. W., 1933; Rosenfeld, W. D., 19*48; Sisler,

F. D. and ZoBell, C. E., 1950, 1951a, 1951b;
Trask, P. D., 1939; ZoBell, C. E., 1939, 19*42b,
19*4*4, 19146b, 19I46-19I47, 19*47b, I9*47c, 19*47<l, 19*49,
1950

Hydrogen Ion Concentration - see pH

Hydrogen Sulfide (See also: Gases, Hydrogen, Iron, Iron
Sulfides, Pyrite, Sulfur): Br ongersma -Sanders,
M. , 19*48; California Department of Fish and Game,
1951;' California Department of Public Health,
1951; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dapples, E. C., 19*42;
Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 19*t6b; Emery,
K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Ford, J. L. C,
19*42; Fox, D. L., 1950; Fox, D. L. and Anderson,
L. J., 19*H; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and
Novelli, G. D., 19*4*4; Galliher, E. W., 1933, 1935a,
1935c; Hoots, H. W., 19*43; Horonjeff, R. and
Patrick, D. A., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1950; Krumbein,
W. C, 19*42; Louderback, G. D., 19*40; McKee, E.
D., 1953; Marlette, J. W., 195*4; Miller, R. C,
Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moore, D.
G., 1951; Moulton, G. F., 1928; Natland, M. L.,
Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 19*41; Revelle,
R., 1939b, 19*41, 1950; Rittenberg, S. C, 19*40;
San Diego Regional Water Pollution Control Board,
1952; Shepard, F. P., 1951a; Shepard, F. P.,
Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Sisler, F.
D. and ZoBell, C. E., 1950, 1951a, 1951b; Steven-
eon, R. E., 195*4; Stevenson, R. E. and Emery, K.
0., 1951; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a, 19*40d; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Staff, 19*41; Thompson, T. G. and Robin-
son, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D., 1939; Trask, P.
D. and Scott, T., 195*4; Vaughan, T. W. , 19*40;
Wright, R., 1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1939, 19*42a,
19*42b, 19U6, 19*46-19*47, 19*47b, 19*47c, 19*47d, 1950;
ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 19*42

Hydrotroilite - see Iron Sulfides

Hydroxides - see Iron Oxides

Igneous Rocks (See also: Rock and various rock types):

Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Clements, T. and Dana, S.
W., 19*4*4; Davis, W. M., Putnam, W. C. and Richards,

G. L., Jr., 1931; Emery, K. 0., 19*Ha, 19*t6b, 19*48;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19*41,
19*45; Gorsline, D. S., 195*4; Holzman, J. E.,
1950; Kew, W. S. W., 1928; Moore, D. G., 1951;
Norris, R. M. , 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19*41; Shepard,
F. P. and Wrath, W. F. , 1937; Shumway, G. A., 1953;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

85

Uchupi, E., 1954
Ignition Loss: Trask, P. D., 1927b; Putnam, J. A., Bermel,

K. J. and Johnson, J. W., 1947
imbrecation: Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E., 1950
Insoluble Residue (See also: Heavy Minerals): Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0., 1946b, 191*8; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K.
0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Gorsline, D. S.,
1954; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Shepard, F. P.,
1949b
Insolution: Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R., 1939
Interflow i.e. turbidity currents (See also: Bottom Flow,
Turbidity Currents): Menard, H. W. and Ludwick,
J. C, 1951
Instrumentation: Bascom, W. N., 1948a; Beach Erosion Board,
1952b; California, University of, 1954a; Colbert,
L. 0., 1939; Fox, L. S., 1930 (diving); O'Brien,
M. P. and Johnson, J. W. , 1947; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 1952h; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c,
1939a; U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 1921
Biological Instrumentation: Allen, W. E., 1928d,
1930a, 19i*0a, 19**0d; Bullock, F. M., 1933; Calif-
ornia Academy of Sciences, California Division of
Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950; Coe, W. R.
and Allen, W. E., 1937; Rittenberg, S. C, 1940;
ZoBell, C. E., 1947d; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham,
C. B., 1934b, 1942

Marine Geological Instrumentation: Anonymous,
1939; Armstrong, T. A., 1954; Atwill, E. R.,
1942; Bascom, W. N., 1950a; Beach Erosion Board,
1944b, 1949c; California, University of, 1945;
Dietz, R. S., 1954; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1939, 194l; Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H. R.,
1948; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Fisher, R. L., and Mills, R., 1952; Folsom,
R. G., 1944; Fox, L. S., 1930; Hanna, G. D.,
1952; Isaacs, J. D., 1945a, 1945f; LaFond, E.

C. 1939b; LaFond, E. C, Dietz, R. S. and Knauss,
J. A., 1950; Menard, H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton,

E. L., Moore, D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M.
and Stewart, H. B., 1954; Raitt, R. W., 1954;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Rittenberg,
S. C, 1940; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
19521; Shepard, F. P., 1938b, 1940e, 1947a, 1948d,
1949b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1945;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and
Emery, K. 0., 1938; Trask, P. D., 1927a; Varney,

F. M. and Redwine, L. E., 1937; Warner, S. E.,
1946a, 1946b, 1947; Watts, G. M. and Others, 1953;
Wilson, G. M., 1946

Oceanographic Instrumentation: Bascom, W. N.,
1947b, 1947e, 1948b; Beach Erosion Board, 1949b,
1949c; California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
1950; California, University of, 1945; Chinn,
A. J., 1949; Dyk, K. and Swainson, 0. W. , 1953;
Everest, F. A., Young, R. W. , and Johnson, M. W. ,
1948; Folson, R. g., 1944c, 1945a, 1945b, 1945c,
1948a, 1948b, 1949; Forrest, D. R., 1950; Fox,

D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952;
Gerhardt, J. R. and Jehn, K. H., 1954; Goldberg,

E. D., Baker, M. and Fox, D. L., 1952; Gorgy,

S., Rakestraw, H. W. and Fox, D. L., 1948 (chemical);
Hughes, R. T., 1946; Inman, D. L. and Quinn, W.
H., 1952; Isaacs, J. D. and Wiegel, R. L., 1950;
Iversen, H. W., 1945; Johnson, J. W. , 1948b, 1948c;
Knapp, R. T., 1952; Lesser, R. M., 1951; O'Brien,
M. P. and Johnson, J. W., 1947; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1943; Scanlon, T. S., Jr. and
Osborn, P., 1950; Schneider, W. A., 1954; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1950g, 1951g, 1953b;
1953c, 1953g; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and
LaFond, E. C, 194l; Shepard, F. P. and Inman,
D. L., 1949; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C,
1940; Snodgrass, F. E., 1951, 1952, 1954; Sver-
drup, H. U., 1940d; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
1943a; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932
(chemical); Tibby, R. B., 1937a; Wiegel, R. L.,
1948; U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries,
1898; Young, R. T., Jr., 1939, 1943; Young, R.
T., Jr. and Gordon, R. D., 1939

Insular Shelf (See also: Continental Shelf): Beach

Erosion Board, 1948h; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Dana, S. W. , 1942; Emery, K. 0. 1947c; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Menard, H. W. , Dill, R. F., Hamilton,

E. L., Moore, D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M.
and Stewart, H. B., 1954; Miller, J. c., 1953;
Norris, R. M. , 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 194la;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard,

F. P., Grant, U. S. and Dietz, R. S., 1939;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Smith,
W. S. T., 1897; Stock, C., 1935; Uchupi, E.,
1954; Wrath, W. F., 1938

Internal Waves: California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
1950; Crowell, J. C, 1947; Defant, A., 1950a,
1950b; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Ewing, G. C, 1950a, 1950b;
Fleming, R. H., 1937-1938; Gilbert, J. Y. and
Allen, W. E., 1943; LaFond, E. C, 1949; Leipper,
D. F., 1950; Menard, H. W., 1952; Menard, H. W.
and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Munk, W. H., 1940,
194l; Revelle, R., 1939b, 1950; Rudnick, p. and
Cochrane, J. D., 1951; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1950g; Shepard, F. P., 194la, 1949d;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Skogsberg,
T., 1936; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939c, 1940f; Ufford,
C. W., 1947a, 1947b, 1947c

Interstitial Sedimentation (See also: Sedimentation):
Galliher, E. W. , 1935c

Interstitial Water and Water Content of Sediments: Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953; Emery, K.
0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Krumbein, W. C, 1942;
Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1941; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1939a; Sverdrup, H. U.
and Staff, 194l; Trask, P. D., 1927a, 1927b, 1932a,
1939; Trask, P. D. and Wu, C. C, 1930b; ZoBell,

C. E., 1938, 1942a, 1942b

Abyssal: Dill, R. F., 1952; Revelle, R., 1937a,

1937b; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,

1953e

Basin: Emery, K. 0., 1950e; Emery, K. 0. and

Rittenberg, S. C, 1951, 1952; Revelle, R., 1950

(Gulf of California); Rittenberg, S. C, 1940

(Gulf of California); Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954;

Trask, P. D., 1931a, 1931b

Bays, Estuaries. Lagoon, Mud Flat, Salt Marsh:

Coxe, L. C, 1949; Emery7~K. 0., 1950d; Hinde,

H. P., 1952; Petracek, F. J., Fox, D. L. and

Zechmeister, C, 1951; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;

Stevenson, R. E., and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Trask,

P. D. and Rolston, J. W. , 1950b

Beach and Near shore: Emery, K. 0., 1945a; Emery,

K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and

Gale, J. F., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson,

R. E., 1950; Grant, U. S., 1946; Krumbein,

W. C, 1950; Palmer, R. H., 1928; Stump, R. S.

and Bascom, W. N. , 1947

Coastal Sand Dunes; Olsson-Seffer , P., 1908,

1910a; Purer, E. A., 1936

Continental Shelf: Dill, R. F., 1952; Fox, D. L.,

1937; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951

Iodine (See also: Halogens): Evans, R. D., Kipp, A. F.
and Moberg, E. G. , 1938; McEwen, G. F., 1934a;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
194l; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932;
Trask, P. D., 1939; Vaughan, T. W. , 1940

Ionium - see Radioactivity

Iron (See also: Beach Placers, Black Sands, Heavy Minerals,

Iron Oxides and Hydroxides, Iron Sulfides, Limonite,
Magnetic Minerals, Mineralogy, Pyrite, Sulfur):
Anonymous, 1954m; Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950;
Brongersma-Sanders, M. , 1948; Cartwright, L. D.
Jr., 1928; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Dill, R. F.,
1952; Emery, K. 0., 1952a; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Fleming, R. H., 1938a; Galliher, E. W. ,
1933, 1935a, 1935c, 1937; Goldberg, E. D., 1952,
1954; Goldberg, E. D., Walker, T. J. and Whisenand,
A., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1950; Koe, K. B., Fox,

D. L. and Zechmeister, L., 1950; Krumbein, W. C,
1942; Lipman, C. B., 1929; McEwen, G. F., 1934a;
Messner, W. E., 1954; Moulton, G. F., 1928;

86

Special Report 44

Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1941; Piggot, C.S., 1932, 19^5 Revelle, R.,

1935, 1937a, 193Tb, 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery,
K. 0., 1951; Rotschi, H., 1951; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 1953e; Sisler, F. D. and
ZoBell, C. E., 1951a; Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940d,
1940e; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 19^1; Thompson,
T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D.,
1939; Updegraff, D. M. , 1948; Vaughan, T. W.,
1935a; Wright, R., 1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1935,

1936, 1939, 19^1, 19^2a, 1942b, 1943, 19^6b, 1947b,
1947c, 1947d, 1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson,

D. Q., 1936 (deposition of iron)
Iron Oxides and Hydroxides (See also: Iron, Limonite):

Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and

Shepard, F. P., 1952; Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935c;

Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Scripps Institution of

Oceanography, 1953e; Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938;

Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Vaughan, T. W., 1935a;

Wright, R., 1937
Iron Sulfides including Melnikovite, Hydrotroilite (See also:

Pyrite, Sulfur): Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,

S. C, 1952; Galliher, E. W., 1933, 1935c;

Louderback, G. D., 19^0; McKee, E. D. , 1953;

Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S.

C, 19lH; Revelle, R., 1950; Sisler, F. D. , 1949;

Sisler, R. D. and ZoBell, C. E., 1950, 1951;

Stevenson, R. E., 195*+; Stevenson, R. E. and

Emery, K. 0., 1951; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940d;

Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l; Thompson, T. G.,

and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D. , 1939;

Vaughan, T. W. , 1935a; Wright, R., 1937; ZoBell,

C. E., 1935, 1939, 19tea, 194Tb, 19^7c, 19^7d,
1950

Isostasy: Daly, R. A., 1934, 1939; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R.
S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Hodge, E. T., 1934;
Lawson, A. C, 1924, 1939, 19^8; Menard, H. W.
and Dietz, R. S., 1951; Woolard, G. P., 1951

Jetties - see Engineering

Joints (on Rocky Coasts) - see Minor Features, Rocky Coasts

Jurassic: Emery, K. 0., 194la, 1948; Emery, K. 0. and

Shepard, F. P., 19^1, 19^5; Holzman, J. E., 1950;

Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19*H; Shepard,

F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P.

and Wrath, W. F., 1937

Lagoon (See also: Bay, Embayment, Estuary, Harbor, Marsh,
Reefs, Salt Marsh, Swamp, Tide Flat): Anonymous,
1940d; Alden, J., 1852; Anderson, C. A., 1950;
Arnold, J. L., 1928; Atwill, E. R., 19^2; Bache,
A. D., 1862; Bascom, W. N., 1946b; Beach Erosion
Board, 1948h; Blake, W. P., 1856; Bruff, S. C,
1946; Clark, A., 1933; Clark, W. 0., 1915;
Congressional Documents, 1940a; Daly, R. A.,
1934; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Davidson, G. , 1856,
1897; Dawson, E. Y. , 1952; Diller, J. S., 1903;
Emery, K. 0., 1950d; Fraser, C. McL., 19^3;
GislSn, T., 1943; Goldberg, J., 1940; Gorsline,

D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S. and Sheppard, W. E.,
1934; Handin, J. W., 1949; Handin, J. W. and
Ludwick, J. C, 1949; Hertlein, L. G. and Emerson,
W. K., 1953; Howard, A. D., 1951; Inman, D. L.,
I9U9, 1950, 1953d; Ives, R. L., 1951; Johnson,

J. W., 1949a; Kenyon, E. C, Jr., 1951; Lawson,
A. C, 1893a, 1894, 1914; Lee,. C. H., 19^1; Leeds,
C. T., 1915; Leypoldt, H., 194lb; Livingston,
A., Jr., 1939; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; McKee,

E. D., 1953; McOuat, H. W., 1951; Merrill, F.
J. H., 1917; Michael, E. L., 1921; Miller,

H. E. and Nausbaum, I., 1952; Morrison, R. L.,
1930; Natland, M. L., 1933a; Natland, M. L.,
Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 19^1; Nelson,
E. W., 1922; Nelson, J. W. , Zinn, C. J., Stahorn,
A. T., Watson, E. B. and Dunn, J. E., 1919;
Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P.
and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M., 1951,
1952; Page, G. B., 1950; Pardee, J. T., 1934;
Patrick, D. A., 1950; Pease, W. H., 1868; Rankin,
W. D^, 1931; Revelle, R., 1950; Rothwell, W. T.,
Jr., 1946; Sanchez, P. C, 1934c; Scripps Insti-
tution of Oceanography, 1953c; Shepard, F. P.,
1932, 1950c, 1952b; Shepard, F. P., Inman, D. L.
and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Shuler, W. R. , 1951;

Smith, W. D., 1933c; Somers, P., 1952; Soper,
E. K. , 1938; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Storie, R.
E. and Carpenter, E. J., 1929; Trask, P. D., 1939,
1952a; Trowbridge, W. P., 1856b; Vaughan, T. W.,
1940; Veach, J. A., 1859; Weaver, C. E., 1949;
ZoBell, C. E., 1939; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham,
C. B., 1942
Lamination, Stratification (See also: Graded Bedding, Sand
Layers): Atwill, E. R., 1942; Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dapples, E. C, 1942;
Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954;
Emery, K. 0., 19**5a, 1950d; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 194l; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M;
L., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E., 1950; Ford,
J. L. C, 1942; Fox, L. S., 1930; Galliher,

E. W., 1935a, 1935c; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki,
K. L., 1950; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953d; Kuenen,
Ph. H. and Menard, H. W., 1952; Lang, H. , 19l6;
Louderback, G. D., 1920, 1940; McKee, E. D., 1939,
1953; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Martens, J. H. C.,'
1939; Moore, D. G., 1951; Natland, M. L., Revelle,
R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l; Olsson-Seffer, P.,
1908; Page, G. B., 1950; Palmer, R. H., 1928; Phlege

F. B., 1951; Piggot, C. S., 1944; Reed, R. D., 1930b;
Revelle, R., 1939, 195O; Scripps Institution of Ocean
graphy, 1953e; Shepard, F. P., 194la, 1949b, 1951d;
Shepard, F. P., Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951;
Shejpard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Sinnott, A
194l; Sverdrup, H. U., 1959a; Sverdrup, H. U.

and Staff, 1941; Thompson, W. 0., 1933, 1937;
Trask, P. D. , 1931b; Trask, P. D. and Scott, T. ,
1954; Woodford, A. 0., 1951; ZoBell, C. E.,

1938, 1942b, 1944, 1946b; ZoBell, C. E. and
Anderson, D. Q., 1936

Land Bridges, i.e., former land bridges connecting the Channel
Islands to the mainland; Bruff, S. C, 1946;
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938b; Chaney, R. W. and
Mason, H. L., 1931*; Dunkle, M. B., 1950; Emiliani,
C. and Epstein, S., 1953; Goodyear, W. A., I89O;
Landes, K. K., 1952a; Norris, R. M., 1951; Shepard,
F. P., 1948c, 1949e; Stock, C, 1936; Stock, C.
and Furlong, E. L., 1928

Landslides - see Submarine Slumping; Submarine Canyons, origin
of

Lead: Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 1942; Revelle, R. and
Emery, K. 0., 1951; Trask, P. D., 1939

Legal, beaches unless otherwise noted. (See also: Tidelands):
Anonymous, 1933c, 194lb, 1944a; Alexander, A. H.,
1936; Barnes, A. J., 1937; Beach Erosion Board,

1939, 19^1, 195^, 195^e; Bingham, J. W., 1938
(fisheries); Blodget, R. M., 1949 (tidelands);
California Legislature, 1874 (marsh lands);
Congressional Documents, l88l, 1949f, 1949-1950b,
1953; Fitzgerald, J. N. J.., 1952 (tidelands);
Friedman, S. L., 1949; Griffin, D. F., 1944;
Hannum, G. W. T., 1947; Hjelte, G., 1938; Johnson,
A. G., 1935, 1951; Kingman, J. J., 1936; Lamport,
H. B., 1937; Larson, G. P., 1939, 19^1, 19^,
1943, 19W>; Leeds, C. T. , 1915, 1936; Los Angeles
County Regional Planing Commission, 1940; McOuat,
H. W., 1951; Morgan, F. A., 1930; Mouton, M. W. ,
1952 (international law of tidelands, fisheries
etc.); Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard,

F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; O'Brien, M. P.,
1939; Orange County Planning Commission, 1940;
Patton, R. S., 1941; Pollak, C. N., 1953 (tidelands)
Porter, J. S., 1936; Price, F. , 1936; Pyles, E.
E., 1954 (tidelands); Shalowitz, A. L., 1953
(tidelands); Shaw, p. A. and Towers, C. L., 1937;
Shuler, W. R., 1952; Smith, J. S., 1936, 1937;
Stockman, L. P., 1932 (tidelands); Woodson, J. B.,
194l

Lenses: Anonymous, 1951d; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;

Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1942; Emery, K. 0., 1950d; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952
Griggs, A. B. and Wells, F. G., 1942; Hall, J. V.,
Jr., 1952; Shepard, F. P., 1951b; Stevenson, R.
E., 1954; Thompson, W. C, 1949; Thompson, W. 0.,
1937; Trask, P. D., 1924

Levees, Natural: Buffington, E. C, 1951, 1952; Dietz, R.

S., 1952a, 1953 (leeved banks); Dill, R. F., Dietz,
R. S. and Stewart, H., 1952, 1954; Landes, K. K. ,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

87

j.952a; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951;
Shepard, F. P., 1950d, 1951c, 1953; Stevenson,
R. E., 1951*
Light (See also: Absorption, Extinction Coefficient, Light
Reflection off Sea Water, Transparency, Turbid
Water): Allen, W. E., 1920, 1927a, 1928c, 1930a,
1940b, 1940d, 19Ula, 19Ulc, 1946a; Andrews, H. L.,
1945; Bongersma-Sanders, M., 1948; Bullock, F.
W. , 1933; Burt, W., 1952; California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1950, 1951a; Coe, W. R., 1948; Connell,
C. H. and Cross, J. B., 1950; Couch, E. B., 1915;
Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Esterly,
C. 0., 1911; Ewing, G. C, 1950a; Fleming, R. H.,
1939a; Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L. J., 1941;
Gislen, T., 1944; Hewatt, W. G. , 1937; Johnson,
M. W., 1939b, 19lt8; Kindle, E. M. , 1934;
MacGinitie, G. E., 1927, 1937; Miller, R. C,
Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg,
E. G., 1925, 1928a, 1930c; Morrison, R. L., 1930;
Myers, E. H., 19^2, 1943; P'ei, C, 1929; Purer,
E. A., 1936, 1942; Richardson, B., 1932a, 1934;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952i;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1940e, 1940g; Tilden, C. A.,
1925; Topp, E. P., 1929; Trask, P. D., 1939;
Vaughan, T. W. , 1930b, 1930d, 1932a, 1932b, 1932c,
1934, 1940; Young, R. T., Jr., 1939 (including
scattering of light); Young, R. T. and Gordon,
R. D., 1939; ZoBell, C. E., 1942a, 1942b, 1947c
Light Reflection off Sea Water: Ewing, G. C, 1950a
Limestone (See also: Carbonates, Coquina, Marl, Rock,

Sedimentary Rock, Shells): Anderson, C. A., 19^1,
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Cohee, G. V., 1938;
Dapples, G. C, 1942; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 19^2; Emery, K. 0., 19^1a,
19Ulb, 1952a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Gee, H., 1932; Hinds, N.

E. A., 1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Inman, D. L.,
1950; Landes, K. K. , 1952a; MacDonald, G. A.,
1934; Moore, D. G., 1951; Nelson, R. N. and
Schenck, H. G., 1928; Shepard, F. P., 1936f,
1949b, 1953; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
19^5; Shepard, F. P. and Grant, U. S-, ^T;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Trask, P. D., 1932b;
Uchupi, E., 1954; ZoBell, C. E., 1947b, 1947d

Limonite (See also: Iron, Iron Oxides and Hydroxides):
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Cohee, G. V., 1938;
Dapples, E. C, 19^2; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1952; Galliher, E. W., 1933; Holzman, J.
E., 1950 ; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b

Lithification - see Consolidation

Lithium: McEwen, G. F., 1934a; Revelle, R. and Emery, K.
0., 1951; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J.,
1932; Vaughan, T. W., 1933

Littoral Currents - see Longshore and Littoral Currents

Littoral Drift, Beach Drift, Longshore Drift (See also:

Concentration of Sediment in the Surf Zone, Creep,
Suspended Sediment, Traction, Transport of Sediment)
Anonymous, 1916a, 1917, 1938a, 1940d, 194lb; Beach
Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948a, 1948h, 1948i, 1948j,
1949a, 1950b, 1951, 1952a, 1953a, 1953c, 1954a;
Blinn, F. S., 1928; Brown, E. I., 1939; Califor-
nia, University of, 1952a, 1952b; Congressional
Documents, 1938a, 1940a, 194l, 1942b, 1942c, 1949f,
1949.1950b, 1953b; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Dunham,
J. W., 1951; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Fisher, R. L.
and Mills, R., 1952; Gee, H. C, 1938; Gilbert,

G. K., 1917; Goldberg, J., 1940; Grant, U. S.,
1938, 1940 ; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P.,
1938b, 1940; Griffin, D. F., 19^; Gulliver,

F. P., 1896; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Hall, W. C,
1938, 19^2; Handin, J. W., 1949, 1951; Handin,
J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 19^9; Hannum, G. W. T.,
1947; Harts, W. W., 1911; Hawgood, H., 1914;
HQrton, D. F., 1948; Hunter, R. C, 1946; Inman,
D. L., 19^9, 1953*, 1953b; Isaacs, J. D. and
Bascom, W. N., 1947; Johnson, A. G., 1935, 1940c;
Johnson, J. W., 19^7b, 1948b, 1952; Krumbein,
W. C.j 1950; Krumbein, W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E.,
1950; Lapsley, W. W. , 1937; Larsen, G. P., 19^2b;

Leeds, C. T., 19 l6, 1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni,
V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934; Livingston, A.,
Jr., 1939; Los Angeles County Regional Planning
Commission, 1940; McAfee, C. M., Jr., 1939;
Marlette, J. W., 1954; Martens, J. H. C, 1939;
Mason, M. A., 1942, 1949c, 1950a, 1950b;
Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P.
and Crowell, J. C., 1946; Norris, R. M., 1951,
1952; O'Brien, M. P., 1931, 1936a, 1939, 1947b;
O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson, J. W., 1947; Orange
County Planning Commission, 194l; Page, G. B.,
1950; Peel, K. P., 1951; Place, J. L., 1952;
Postel, A. C, 1937, 1939; Rolland, M. C, 1952;
Saville, T., Jr. and Caldwell, J. M., 1953;
Schupp, R. D., 1953; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 19521; Sears, C. B., 1876; Shepard,

F. P., 1935d, 1947b, 1950f, 1951a; Shepard, F.
P. and Inman, D. L., 1951b; Shuler, W. R., 1951,
1952; Somers, P., 1952; Stelzenmuller, W. B.,
1949; Tower, M. L., 1910; Trask, P. D., 1952a,
1952b; Tr^sk, P. D. and Scott, T., 1954; U. S.
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississ-
ippi, 1935, 1936; Ward, H. A., 1952; Watts, G.
M. and Others, 1953; Wiegel, R. L. and Kimberley,
H. L., 1950; Williams, E. A. and Isaacs, J. D.,
1952; Yale, C. G., 1879

Littoral Drift: Rate: Handin, J. W., 19^9; Los

Angeles County Regional Planning Commission, 1940;

Marlette, J. W., 1954; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a;

Orange County Planning Commission, 194l; Trask,

P. D., and Scott, T., 1954
Longshore Bars - see Bars
Longshore or Littoral Currents (See also: Currents, Littoral

Drift): Anonymous, 19l6a, 1917, 1933e; Anderson,

C. A., 1950; Bascom, W. N., 1946b; Bascom, W.
N., Wiegel, R. L. and Chinn, A. J., 1948; Beach
Erosion Board, 1948b, 1951, 1952b; Blinn, F. S.,
1928; Burt, W. V. and Saur, J. F. T., Jr., 1948;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Chase, J. L., 1948; Coe,

W. R., 1953; Congressional Documents, 1938a, 1942b,
1949f; Crowell, J. C, 1947, 1950, 1952; Davis,
W. M., 1932; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Evans, 0. F., 194l; Folsom,
R. G., 1945b; Gillette, C. E., 1905; Goldberg,
J., 1940; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S.,
1943; £rant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937,
1940; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Handin, J. W.,
1949, 1951; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C,
1950; Hawgood, H., 191^; Hidawa, K. , 1953;
Inman, D. L., 19^9, 1950, 1953a, 1953b; Inman,

D. L. and Quinn, W. H., 1952; Isaacs, J. D., 19^5e,
1945k, 1945m; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N.,
1947; Johnson, D. W. , 1910; Johnson, J. W. , 19^7b,
1948d, 1952; Krumbein, W. C, 1950; Krumbein,

W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; Lapsley, W. W.,
1937; Leeds, C. T.', 1936; Livingston, A., Jr.,
1939; Leypoldt, H., 194lb; McAfee, C. M., Jr.,
1939; McGowan, W. C, 1916; Mason, M. A., 19^2;
Moore, D. G., 1951; Munk, W. H., 1949b; Munk,
W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1945, 1947; Nicholls,
C. P. L., 1936a, 1941; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P., ^l, 19^;
O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson, J. W., 19^7; Page,

G. B., 1950; Place, J. L., 1952; Postel, A. C,
1937; Purer, E. P., 1942; Putnam, J. A., Munk,
W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 19^8, 1949; Putnam, W.
C, 1937b, 1938; Saville, T., Jr., 1948; Schupp,
R. D., 1953; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1944c, 1945c; Shepard, F. P., 1935d, 19^9a, 1950c,
1950f, 1950g, 1951a, 1952a; Shepard, F. P.,
Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C, 194l; Shepard,

F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951a, 1951b; Shepard,
F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1939; Shepard, F. P. and
Sayner, D. B., 1953; Sinnott, A., 194l; Smith, W. D. ,
1933c; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Stump, R. S., 1944b,
1944c; Stump, R. S. and Bascom, W. N. , 1947; Thompson,
W. 0., 1937; Tower, M. L., 1910; U. S. Hydrographic
Office, 1944c; U. S. Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1935; Verrill, G. E., 1930;
Whitemore, G. F. , 1928; Wiegel, R. L. , ^Tb; Wiegel,
R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1953

Longshore Drift - see Littoral Drift

Longshore Trough - see Trough

88

Special Report 44

Low and Ball - see Bars, Troughs

Luminescence, Bioluminescence, Fluorescence, Phosphorescence:
Allen, W. E., 1921a, 1937a, 1939d, 1946a; Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Koe, K. B.,
Fox, D. L. and Zechmeister, L., 1950; Kofoid,
C. A., 1928; Petracek, F. J., Fox, D. L. and
Zechmeister, L., 1951

Lumps in Sediments: Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952

Magnesium (See also: Carbonates): Galliher, E. W., 1935a,
1935c; Kelley, W. P. and Liebig, G. F., Jr.,
193^; Lipman, C. B., 1929; McKee, E. D., 1953;
Revelle, R., 1935 (including MgCC^), 194l; Revelle,
R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Stanton, T. E., Jr.,
1938; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932;
Vaughan, T. W., 1940; ZoBell, C. E., 1939

Magnetic Minerals (See also: Beach Placers, Black Sands,
Heavy Minerals, Mineralogy, various magnetic
minerals): TVenhofel, W. H., 1946

Manganese, including Manganese Nodules and Concretions (See
also: Concretions, Nodules): Ahlstrom, E. H.,
1950; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola, A. J.
and Diet z, R. S. , 1952; Dietz, R. S., 1954;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0., 194la; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0.
and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Natland,
M. L., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Galliher, E. W. , 1933; Goldberg, E. D., 1954;
Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Menard, H. W., 1952; Piggot,
C. S., 1932, 1944; Revelle, R., 1935, 1937a, 1937b;
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Rotschi, H.,
1951; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953e;
Shepard, F. P., 194la, 1948c; Shumway, G. A., 1953;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1940e; Thompson, T. G. and Robin-
eon, R. J., 1932; Uchupi, E., 1954; Wooster, W. S.,
1951; ZoBell, C. E., 1939, 19^1, 1942a, 1942b, 19U3,
1946b, 1947c, 1950; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W.
and Haas, H. F., 1943

Marble (See also: Metamorphic Rock, Rock): Gorsline, D. S.,
1954

Marine Drilling Platforms - see Engineering

Marine Erosion - see Continental Shelf, Origin; Continental
Slope, Origin: Wave and Marine Erosion

Marl: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Congressional Documents, 1907;
Emery, K. 0., 1950d; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Revelle, R., 1950; Trask, P. D., 1939

Marsh (See also: Estuary, Lagoon, Salt Marsh, Swamp, Tide
Flat): Anonymous, 1951b; Beach Erosion Board,
1948 j; California Legislature, 1874; Carpenter,
E. J. and Storie, R. E., 1929; Congressional
Documents, 1908f, 1908g, 1940a, 1940d, 1949e;
Davidson, G., 1897; Emery, K. 0., 1950d, 1954b;
Gilbert, G. K., 1917; Grant, U. S., 1944; Grant,
U. S. and Sheppard, W. E., 1939; Hinds, N. E. A.,
1952; Johnson, A. G., 1935; Lawson, A. C, 1895,
19l4; Leeds, C. T., 1915; Livingston, A., Jr.,
1939; Louderback, G. D., 1940; McKee, E. D. ,
1953; McOuat, H. W., 1951; Mason, E. H., 1930;
Means, T. H., 1928; Moore, D. G., 1951; Nelson,
E. W., 1922; Nelson, J. W. , Dean, W. C, Kocher,
A. E., Watson, E. B. and Carpenter, E. J., 1920;
Nelson, J. W., Zinn, C. J., Strahorn, A. T., Watson,

E. B. and Dunn, J. E., 1919; Nelson, N. C, 1910;
Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S. , Sheppard, F. P.
and Crowell, J. C, 1946 (tidal marsh); Orange
County Planning Commission, 194l; Page, G. B.,
1950; Purer, E. A., 1942; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953c (tidal marsh): Shepard,

F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19*Hj Shuler, W. R., 1952;
Somers, P., 1952; Storie, R. E. and Carpenter,

E. J., 1929; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Stevenson,

R. E. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Studds, R. F. A.,

1951; Veach, J. A., 1859; ZoBell, C. E. and

Feltham, C . B . , 1942
Masking of Sediment: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Emery, K. 0.,

1952a; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;

Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950;

Shepard, F. P., 194la; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath,

W. F., 1937
Mass Mortality (See also: Explosives or Explosions, Red

Water): Allen, W. E., 1921d; Coe, W. R., 1953;

Connell, C. H. and Cross, J. B., 1950; Dietz, R. S.,

Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Hofer, H.,
1909; Kofoid, C. A., 1911, 1928; Pecham, S. F.,
1897; Sommer, H. and Clark, F. N., 1946; Sommer,
H., Whedon, W. F., Kofoid, C. A. and Stohler, R.,
1937; Stormont, D. H., 1951a; Tanner, Z. L.,
I896; Torrey, H. B., 1902; Whedon, W. F., 1939

Median Diameter - see Grain Size

Melnikovite - see Iron Sulfides

Mesozoic: Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947

Metamorphic Rocks (See also: Rock, various metamorphic

rocks): Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Clements, T. and
Dana, S. W., 1944; Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0.,
1947; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H.,
1954; Emery, K. 0., 194la, 194lb, 1946b, 1947c,
1948, 1951; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F.
P., 19^1, 1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H.,
19^1; Galliher, E. W., 1935a; Gorsline, D. S.,
1954; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hansen, H. A. and
Pemberton, J. R. , 1950; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Moore, D. G., 1951; Raitt, R. W., 1949; Shepard,
F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Shumway, G. A.,
1953; Uchupi, E., 1954

Meteorology and Climate, Paleoclimate (See also: Fog,

Paleogeography, Storm, Wind): Anonymous, 1938a,
1940d; Ahlstrom, G. H., 1950; Allen, W. E., 1934b,
194la; Allison, J. M., 1940; Alpert, L., 1946a,
1946b; Anderson, J. B., 1931; Anderson, W., 1939;
Army Air Forces, Weather Information Branch, 1943;
Arnold, R., 1909; Ashley, G. H., 1896; Axelrod,
D- I-, 1939; Bache, A. D., l856e; Bandy, 0. L.,
1953t>; Bartsch, P., 1921a; Bascom, W. N.,
Wiegel, R. L. and Chinn, A. J., 1948; Beach
Erosion Board, 1948a, 1953c; Beals, E. A., 1919;
Beck, A. L., 1922; Beer, C. G. P. and Leopold, L.
B., 1947; Bell, W. E., Bassler, F. F., Buck, F.
E., Murphy, D. E., Writt, J. J. and Beauchamp,
E. E., 194-4; Berghaus, A., 189I; Bishop, S. E.,
1904; Blake, D., 1926; Blake, J., 1873; Blochman,
L. F., 1923; Bond, A. H., 1927; Brown, E. I.,
1939; Bruff, S. C, 1940; Bullock, F. w., 1933;
Burt> W. V. and Saur, J. F. T., Jr., 1948; Byers,
H. R., 1930, 1931, 1934; California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University
of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
1950; Campbell, M. R., 1915; Carpenter, F. A.,
1924; Carter, G. F., 1948; Chaney, R. W., 1928,
1936a, 1936b, 1940; Chaney, R. W. and Dorf, E.,
1934; Clark, B. L., 1921; Clarke, K. B., 1934;
Congressional Documents, 1938a, 1940a, 1943c, 1949b,
1949.1950b; Copeland, C. A., 1933; Crickmay,
C. H., lSl29a, 1929b; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A.
W., et al, 1953; Dall, W. H., 1904, 1911; Darrow,
W. E., 1942; Davidson, G., 1859, 1864, 1886, 1875a;
Davis, W. M., 1932; Dawson, E. W., 1951; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Disney, L. P. and Overshiner, W. H., 1925; Donnelly,
M., 1943; Dunkle, M. B., 1944, 1950; Durham, J.
W., 1949, 1950a, 1950b, 1952; Eaton, R. 0., 1951;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1950; Emiliani, C, 1954; Emiliani, C, and
Epstein, S., 1953; Findlay, A. G., 185I; Folsom,
R. G., 1944d, 1945b; Gislen, T., 1943, 1944;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Gorton, A. F. , 1930a, 1930b,
1930c, 1931a, 1931b, 1932, 1933, 1934; Gorton,
A. F. and Partridge, A. G. , 1930, 1936a; Grant,
U. S., 1936; Great Britain Meteorological Office,
1950; Gutenberg, B., 194lb, 1953; Hall, J. V.,
Jr., 1952; Hall, W. H.,.l886; Handin, J. W. , 1949;
Hann, J., 1887; Hanna, G. D., 1925b; Hess, H. H.
and MacClintock, P., 1936; Hewatt, W. G., 1937;
Horrer, P. L., 1949; Hoover, J. W., 1932a, 1932b;
Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission,
1930; Hubbs, C. L., 1948; Huntington, E., 19l4;
Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953a; Isaacs, J. D. and
Bascom, W. N., 1947; Isaacs, J. D. and Saville,
T., Jr., 1948; Jacobs, W. C, 1939, 1942, 1943;
Jacobs, W. C. and Clarke, K. B., 1943; Johnson,
A. G., 1935," Johnson, J. W., 1953b; Johnson, J.
W. and Isaacs, J. D., 1948; Johnson, M. W.,
Everest, F. A. and Young, R. W. , 1947; Joint
Meteorological Committee, 1943-1944; Jones, E. L.,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

89

19l8j Killroy, M. F., 1945a, 19^5b; LaFond, E. C,
1938, 1939a, 1940; Lockhart, W. M., 1939; Longacre,
L. L., 1948; Leipper, D. F., 19^7, 19^8a, 1948b;
McAdie, A. G., 1913, 191^5 McDonald, W. F., 1938;
McEwen, G. F. , 1912, 19L4, 1915, 19l8, 1919b, 1925,
1926, 1927, 1928a, 1930b, 1939c, 1933, 1934a, 1934d,
1934e, 1936, 1937a, 1937d, 1937-1938; McEwen,
G. F., and Gorton, A. F. , 1930; McEwen, G. F. and
Staff, 1948; Manner, H. A., 1926, 1952; Mason,
H. L., 1931; Merriam, P. D. , 19^9; Miller, R. C.,
Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg, E.
G. and Fleming, R. H., 1934; Munk, W. H., 19**7a,
1947b, 1948, 1950, 1952; Munk, W. H. and Arthur,
R. S., 1952; Munk, W.. H. and Traylor, M. A., 19^7;
Neiburger, M., 1948; Neiburger, M., Beer, C. G.
0. and Leopold, L. B., 1945; Nelson, R. N. and
Schenck, H. G., 1928; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P., and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
O'Brien, M. 0., 1936a, 1947b; Osorio Tafall, B.
F., 1943, 1948; Palmer, A. H., 1917; Patton, C.
P., 1953; Petterssen, S., 1938; Purer, E. A.,
1936, 1942; Putnam, J. A., 1947; Putnam, W. C,
1938; Reed, T. R., 1934; Reed, W. G. , 191^;
Remondino, P. C., 1892; Revelle, R., 1939b;
Richardson, B., 1930, 1935; Richardson, R. W. , 1923,
1943; Richter, C. M., 1887; Ritter, W. E., 1924;
Rossby, C.-G., 1951; Rosser, W. H., 1870; Rudnick,
P. and Cochrane, J. D., 1951; Russell, R. J., 1926;
Salisbury, R. D., 1909; San Diego Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952; San Francisco Bay
Marine Piling Committee, 1921; Saur, J. T. F. ,
Jr., 1947; Saville, T. , Jr., 1947; Schenck, H.
G. and Keen, A. M., 1935; Schott, G. , 1934, 1935;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944h, 1945b,
1949a ^ 1949b, 1949c, 19^9d, 1949e, 1950a, 1950b,
1950c, 1950d, 1950e, 1950f, 1950g, 1951a, 1951b,
1951c, I951d, 1951e, 1951f, 19 5 Hi, 195li, 1951J,
1951L, 1951*1, 1952a, 1952b, I952e. 1952f, 1952g,
1953e; Shepard, P. P., 1939c, 1948c, 1951a;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F. , 1937; Shuck,
0. T., 1869 (climate); Shuler, W. R., 1951;
Smith, C. D., Jr., 1950; Smith, J. p., 1919;
Smith, W. D., 1933a; Stelzenmuller, Wm. B.,
1949; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Stump, R. S., 1946a;
Stump, R. S. and Bascom, W. N., 19 ^7; Stump,
R. S. and Hermanson, R. T., 1945b; Sverdrup, H,
U., 1939a, 1939c, 19toa, 1940d, 1940g, 194la, 1942,
1946; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l, 1946;
Tanner, Z. L., 1892a, 1893; Thomson, A., 1931*;
Thorade, H., 1909; Tilden, C. A., 1925; Todd, D.
K. and Wiegel, R. L., 1951, 1952; Topp, E. P.,
1929; Trask, J. B., 1856; Trask, P. D-, 1939,
1952b; Troxell, H. C and Others,- 1942; Upham,
W., 1899; U. S. Army Air Weather Service, 19^5;
U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, 1898;
U. S. Hydrographic Office, 1934b; Vaughan, T. W.,
1930b, 1932c, 1933, 1936, 19^; Walker, G. T.,
1934; Werenskiold, W., 1922; Wiegel, R. L. and
Kimberley, H. L., 1950; Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D.
A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1950; Wilstam, A., 1926;
Woodford, A. 0., 1925; Wyman, R. H., 1878; Yates,
L. G., l890d; Yoshida, K. and Mao, H. L., 195^

Methane (See also: Gases, Hydrogen, Submarine Oil and Gas
Seeps): Fox, D. L., and Anderson, L. J., ^^l;
Hutton, W. E., and ZoBell, C. E., 1949; Revelle,
R., 1950 ; Shepard, F. P., 1951d; Sisler, F. D.
and ZoBell, C. E., 1951b; Thayer, L. A., 1937;
ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1939, 19^2b, 1946b, 1947c,
1947d, 1949, 1950

Micaceous Minerals (See also: Mineralogy): Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Galliher, E. W., 1935c; Inman, D.
L., 1953b; McKee, E. D. , 1953; Thompson, W. 0.,
1931*

Microseisms (See also: Seismology): Byerly, P., 1942;
Donn, W. L., 195^; Gutenberg, B., 1936a, 1953

Mineralogy (See also: Auriferous Beach Sands, Beach Placers,
Black Sands, Heavy Minerals, Magnetic Minerals,
Micaceous Minerals, various sediment and mineral
types): Beach Erosion Board, 1952b; Dana, S. W.,
1942; Dietz, R. S., 1941; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0.,
1947a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz,
R. S., 194l; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^5:

Galliher, E. W., 1932b, 1933, 1935a, 1935c, 1937;
Gee, H., 1932; Handin, J. W., 19^9, 1951; Inman,

D. L., 1950; Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Lowenstam,
H. A., 195^; McKee, E. D., 1953; Revelle, R.,
1935; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepard,
F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Somers, P., 1952;
Stevenson, R. E., 195^; Trask, P. D. and Rolston,
J. W., 1950b; Veach, J. A., 1859

Abyssal: Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Grim, R. E.,
Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Revelle,
R., 1935, 1937a, 1937b; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953e

Bank: Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938b; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^2;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1950; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley,
W. F., 19h^; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Uchupi, E.,
195^

Basin: Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R.,
and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R.
S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Ludwick, J. C, Jr.,
1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b
Beach and Nearshore: Anonymous, 1884, l894a, 1906b,
l959^,"T950a, 1950b, 1950d, 1951d, 195^j, 195^;
Averill, C. V. and Others, 1946; Beach Erosion
Board, 1948i, 1953c; Boos, M. F., 1940; Bullard,

F. M. and Mills, R. A., 1951; California, Univer-
sity of, 1952a, 1952b, 1952c; Chase, A. W. , 1875;
Congressional Documents, 1942b, 1953b; Dasher, J.,
Fraas, F. and Gabriel, A., 1942; Day, D. T.,
I899, 1900, 1907a, 1907b; Day, D. T. and Richards,
R. H., 1906; Diller, J. S., 1896, 1901, 1903;
Edman, J. A., 1894, 1906; Emery, K. 0., 19^, 19^5b;
Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F., 1951; Emery, K. 0.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Stevenson, R. E., 1950; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Sriesbach, J. 0., 19^7; Griggs, A. B., 19^5;
Griggs, A. B. and Wells, F. G., 19^2; Handin, J.
W., 1949, 1951; Hornor, R. R., 19l8; Hundhausen,

R. J., 1947; inman, D. L., 1950, 1953a, 1953b;
Irvine, C. D., 1908; Kemp, J. F. , 1902; Krumbein,
W. C, 19V7, 1950; Lakes, A., 1899, 1903a; Lang,
H., 1916; Lowell, F. L. L., 1915a, 1915b; McKee,

E. D., 1953; Marlette, J. W. , 195^; Martens, J.
H. C, 1939; Mason, M. A., 1942; Merrill, F. J.
H., 1917; Messner, W. E., 195^; O'Brien, M. P.,
1936a; Pardee, J. T., 1931*-; Paul, A. B., 1894;
Reed, R. D., 1930b; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1952i, 1953c;
Shalevetz, S., 1952; Shepard, F. P., 1950c;
Sherzer, W. H., 1910; Sinnott, A., 194l; Smith,
W. S. T., 1898; Stephenson, E. L., 1945; Sver-
drup, H. U. and Staff, 1942a; Thompson, W. 0.,
1937; Trask, P. D. , 1924, 1952b; Twenhofel, W.
H., 19^3, 19^, 19*+6a; Walters, L., 1953; Wiegel,
R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1953;
Yale, C. G., 1913; Zodac, P., 1952

Coastal Sand Dunes: Anonymous, 195^; Diller, J.
S., IH98] Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Griesbach, J.
0., 1947; Handin, J. W. , 1949, 1951; Merriam, P.
D., 1949; Mesner, W. E., 1954; Olsson-Seffer,
P., 1910a, 1910b; Page, G. B., 1950; Reed, R.
D., 1930b; Richardson, R. W., 1923
Continental Shelf: Anonymous, 1950b, 195^J;
Beach Erosion Board, 1952b; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Chesterman, C. W. , 1952; Cohee, G. V., 1938;
Galliher, E. W., 1935b; Gorsline, D. S., 195^;
Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 19^9;
Inman, D. L., 1950; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
Marlette, J. W., 195^; Moore, D. G. , 1951;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 19521;
Shepard, F. P., 1932; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,

G. A., 1938

Continental Slope: Dill, R. F., 1952; Hanna, G.
D., 1952; Udden, J. A., 19l4
Submarine Canyons: Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dill,
R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Fisher,
R. L. and Mills, R., 1952; Marlette, J. W., 195^;
Phleger, F. B., 1951; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 19521
Minor Features, Beaches (See also: Rill Marks, Ripple Marks,
Swash Marks): Anonymous, ^^lb; California,
University of, 1952a; Emery, K. 0., 1944, l$>45a;
Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 19*t8; Emery, K. 0.

90

Special Report 44

and Gale, J. p., 1951; Fox, D. L., 1950; Lakes,
A., 1903a; McKee, E. D., 1953; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C,
1946; Palmer, R. H., 1928; Shepard, F. P., Inman,

D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Thompson, W. 0.,
1937; Woodford, A. o., 1935

Minor Features, Rocky Coasts (See also: Solution Basins):
Davis, W. M., Putnam, W. C. and Richards, G. L.,
Jr., 1931 (undercutting); Diller, J. S., 1896
(potholes); Emery, K. 0., 1946b (joints, fluting,
stone lace); Lange, A., 1954 (blowholes); Smith,
W. D., 1933c, (spout holes); Swinnerton, A. C.,
1927 (potholes); Williams, W., 1948 (potholes)

Minor Surface Features of Sediments (see also: Animal

Tracks, Rills, Ripple Marks, Swash Marks); Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1952i; Shepard, F.
P. and Emery, K. 0., 1945

Miocene (See also: Tertiary): Butcher, W. S., 1951a;

California, University of, 1953a, 1953b; Carsola,
A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Cohee, G. V., 1938;
Corey, W. H., 1951, 1952; Crouch, R. W., 1954;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1942; Emery, K. 0., 1941a, 1946b, 1947b, 1948,
1950b, 1951, 1952a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 194l, 1945; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Emiliani, C, 1954; Hanna,
G. D., 1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Inman, D. L.,
1949, 1950; James, E. L., 1950; Kew, W. S. W.,
1928; Lawson, A. C, 1893b; Mason, H. L., 1929;
Moore, D. G., 1951; Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P.,
1949b; 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
194l; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939; Shepard,
F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Shumway, G. A.,
1953; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c; Sverdrup, H. U.
and Staff, 194l; Trask, P. D., 1931b; Uchupi,
E., 1954

Mixing (See also: Diffusion, Dispersion): Ahlstrom, E.

H., 1950; Allen, W. E., 194la; Bullock, p. W.,
1933; California Academy of Sciences, California
Department of Fish and Game, Stanford University,
Hopkins Marine Station, U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, South Pacific Fishery Investigation,
University of California, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953; California Academy of Sciences,
California Division of Fish and Game, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wild-
life Service, 1950; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S. and LaFond,

E. C, 1950; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart,
H., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 1954d; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Epstein, S. and Mayeda,
T., 1953; Fleming, R. H., 1939a, 1940a; Fleming,
R. H., 1939a, 1940a; Fleming, R. H. and Moberg,

E. G. and Revelle, R., 1937b; Graham, H. W. ,
194la; Hidaka, K., 1953; Horrer, P. L., 1948a;
Jacobs, W. C, 1949; Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard,
H. W., 1952; Leipper, D. F. , 1950; McEwen, G.
F., 1929; Mao, H., 1951; Menard, H. W. and Lud-
wick, J. C, 1951; Moberg, E. G., 1928a, 1930a,
1930b, 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Fleming, R. H.,
1934; Munk, W. H., 1947b; Pattullo, J., 1952;
Rawn, A. M. and Bowerman, F. R., 1951; Saur, J.
T. F., Jr., 1950; Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy, 1950g; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938a, 1938b,
1939a, 1939c, 1940c, 1940e, 1940g, 194la, 194lb;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1945a, 1947a; Tibby,
R. B., 1939, 1941; Trask, P. D., 1939; Uchupi,
E., 1954

Mock Valley - see Submarine Canyon

Models (See also: Engineering): Blinn, F. S., 1928; Gee,
H. C, 1938; Granthem, K. N , 1953; Hall, W.
C, 1938, 1941; Hudson, R. Y. and Moore, L. F.,
1951; Lapsley, W. W., 1937; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni,
V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1931*; Lillevang, 0. J.
and Brant, R. W. , 1937; Johnson, J. W., 1947a,
1948a, 1948b, 1948d; Johnson, J. W. and Wiegel,
R. L., 1953; Knapp, R. T., 1951; Knapp, R. T.
and Vanoni, V. A., 1945; McAfee, C. M., Jr.,
1939; Meyer, R. D., 1936; Miller, R. L., 1954;
Milner, F., 194l; Putnam, J. A. and Bermel, K. J.,
1946; Reid, R. 0., 1948b; U. S. Waterways Experi-

ment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1935, 1936,
1947a, 1947b, 1947c, 1949, 1950

Molybdenum: Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951

Mountain Arcs: Lawson, A. C, 1939

Mud (Also see: various mud types): Anonymous, 1944b; Allen,
W. E., 1939; Anderson, C. A., 1950; Arnold, D. and
Arnold, R., 1902; Arnold, J. L., 1928; Bartholmew,
J. W. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1949; Belknap, G. E.,
1874a; Bruff, S. C, 1946; Buck, CD., 1928;
California Department of Fish and Game, 1951;
California Department of Public Health, 1951; Coe,
W. R., 1945; Collins, L. B., 1931; Congressional
Documents, 1880a; Coxe, L. C, 1949; Crooke, R.

C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Dana, S. W., 1942;
Dapples, E. C, 1942; Eldredge, Z. S. and Molera,

E. J., 1909; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1939, 1941; Evans, R. D., Kip, A.

F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938; Ford, J. L. C, 1942;
Fox, D. L., 1937, 1944a, 1944b, 195O; Fox, D. L.
and Anderson, L- J. , 1941; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J.

D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Fox, D. L., Updegraff,

D. M. and Novelli, G. D., 1944; Fraser, C. McL.,
1943; Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935a, 1935c;
Gilbert, G. K., 1917; Gislen, T., 1943, 1944;
Harding, C. R., 1929; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Hoots,
H. W., 1943; Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge
Commission, 1930; Johnson, M. W., Everest, F. A.
and Young, R. W., 1947; Kindle, E. M., 1934;

Koe, K. B., Fox, D. L. and Zechmeister, L-, 1950;
Lesser, R. M. , 1951; Louderback, G. D., 1920, 1924,
1940; McKee, E. D., 1939; MacGinitie, G. E., 1935,
1939; Michael, E. L. and McEwen, G. F.; 1915;
Morrison, R. L., 1930; Moyer, D. A., 1929b;
Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1941; Norris, R. M., 1951; Novelli, G. D., 1943;
Packard, E. L., 19l8; Pease, W. H., 1868; Revelle,
R-, 1939a; San Diego Regional Water Pollution Control
Board, 1952; Saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950; Sears, C.
B., 1876; Shepard, F. P., 1938b, 1951a, 1951b;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941, 1945;
Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C,
1941; Smith, A. G. and MacKenzie, G. , Jr., 1948;
Soper, E. K. , 1938; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D., Schmitt, W. L.
and Johnson, E. C, 1914; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c,
1939a, 1940d; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l;
Tanner, Z. L., 1892a; Thayer, L. A., 1937;
Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask,
P. D., 1939; Trask, P. D. and Rolston, J. W.,
1950a; Trask, P. D. and Wu, C. C, 1930a, 1930b;
Vaughan, T. W., 1933, 1935a, 1935*>; Wright, R.,
1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1935, 1936, 1939, 1941,
1942b, 1946b, 1946-1947, 1947c, 1947d, 1949;
ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell,
C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942; ZoBell, C. E.,
Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F., 1943
Abyssal: Belknap, G. E., 1874a, 1874b; Davidson,
G., 1897; Evans, R. D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg,

E. G., 1939; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and
Novelli, G. D., 1944; Piggot, C. S., 1932;
Revelle, R., 1935; Shepard, F. P., 1949d;
Shepherd, E. S., 1946; Tanner, Z. L., 1894;
Vaughan, T. W., 1940; White, D., 1911; ZoBell,

C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942

Bank; Emery, K. 0., 1947b, 1948; Hanna, G. D.,
1952; Shepard, F. P., 194la

Basin: Dietz, R. S. , 1952a; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0.,
1953^, 19^7c; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1951, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1945; Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Grim, R. E., Dietz,
R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
1946; Ludwick, J. S., Jr., 1950; Phleger, F. B.,
1951; Revelle, R., 1939a, 1939b, 1950; Revelle,
R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1940a,
194la, 1950e, 1951d; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R.
and Dietz, R. S., 1939; Shepard, F. P., Revelle,
R., Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938; Smith,
P. V., Jr., 1954; Vaughan, T. W., 1940; Weeks,
L. G., 1952

Beach and Nearshore : Bruff, S. C, 1946; Congress-
ional Documents, 1940a; Emery, K. 0., 1945a; Fox,

D. L., 1950; Kindle, E. M., 1934; Kniffen, F.
B., 1932; Krumbein, W. C, 1947; Louderback, G.

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

91

D., 1920, 191*0; Mason, E. &., 1930; Palmer, R. H.,
1928; Petracek, F. J., Fox, D. L. and Zechmeister,
L., 1951; ZoBell, C. E. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1938

Continental Shelf : Beach Erosion Board, 1952b;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Davidson, G. , 1897; Dietz,
R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b; Dill, R. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0., 1952a; Emery, K. 0. and Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Fox,
D. L., 1937; Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935a, 1935c;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Hanna, G. D., 1952; La-
Fond, E. C, Dietz, R. S. and Knauss, J. A., 1950;
Marlette, J. W., 1954; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Pardee, J. T., 1934; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0.,
1951; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 19l*9h, 19l*9d; Shepard,
F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Thompson, W. C,
1949; Udden, J. A., 1914

Continental Slope; Dill, R. F., 1952; Hanna, G.
D., 1952; Udden, J. A., 191^

Submarine Canyons: Anonymous, 1939; Cohee, G. V.,
19381 Davidson, G., 1887, 1897; Dill, R. F.,
Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1952; Fisher, R. L-
and Mills, R., 1952; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Ludwick,
J. C, Jr., 1950; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Menard,
H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Norris, R. M.,
1951; Phleger, F. B., 1951; Richardson, R. W.,
1923; Shepard, F. P., 1938a, 1938f, 1939d, 194la,
19l+7a, 19l*8b, 19l*8c, 1950d, 1951a, 1953; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 191*1; Shepard, F. P. and
MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P., Revelle,
R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939; Shepard, F. P., Revelle,
R., Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938; Tanner,
Z. L., 1892b, 189I*; Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Mud Eaters - see Scavengers

Mud Flat (See also: Estuary, Lagoon, Marsh, Salt Flat, Tide
Flat): Anonymous, 19l*2; Bush, J. B., 1930;
Galliher, E. W., 1932b; Hanna, M. A., 1926; Hinde,
H. P., 1952; Morrison, R. L., 1930; Petracek, F.
J., Fox, D. L. and Zechmeister, L., 1951; Sears,

C. B., I876; Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell, C. E., 1950;
ZoBell, C. E., 191*6-191*7

Mudflow - see Submarine Slumping, Turbidity Currents
Mudstone (See also: 'Rock, Sedimentary Rock) : Crouch, R. W.,

I95I*; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F.

P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1941a, 191*8; Emery, K. 0.

and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Holzman, J. E., 1950;

Moore, D. G., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1951b; Shepard,

F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19l*l
Natural Bridge (See also: Sea Arch, Sea Cave): Anonymous,

1882a; Drury, N. B., 1936; Leonard, A. G., 1925;

Richardson, R. W. , 1923; Shaler, N. S., 189I*
Natural Levees - see Levees, Natural
Nearshore Profile - see Beach Profile
Nearshore Zone - see Beach and Nearshore
Nickel: Goldberg, E. D., 1951*; Lowenstam, H. A., 195**;

Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Rotschi, H.,

1951; Scrippa Institution of Oceanography, 1953e;

Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932
Nip (See also: Minor Features, Rocky Coasts): Gorsline,

D. S., 1954; Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Shepard, F.
P., 1939a

Nitrogen including nitrogen compounds (See also: Ammonia,
c/N Ratio, Gases, Nutrients): Ahlstrom E. H.,
1950; Allen, W. E., 1941; Atwill, E. R., 1942;
Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930; Brongersma-
Sanders, M., 1948; Bullock, F. M., 1933; Crouch,
R. W., 1951; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1951, 1952; Fleming, R. H.,
1939a; Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Fox, D. L., 1950;
Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran, E. F. ,
1952;. Galliher, E. W., 1933, 1935a; Gee, H.,
1932; GislSn, T., 1944; Graham, H. W. , 1934,
194lb; Hoots, H. W., 1943; Hutton, W. E. and
ZoBell, C. E., 1949; fCoe, K. B., Fox, D. I,, and
Zechmeister, L., 1950; Krumbein, W. C, 1942;
Lipman, C. B., 1929; McEwen, G. F., 1915, 1934a;
Michael, E. L., 1919, 1921; Moberg, E. G. , lf-25,
1928a, 1928c; Moberg, E. G. and Fleming, R. H.,
1934; Moberg, E. G., Fleming, R. H., Heusner, K.
and Revelle, R., 1937; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F., 1939b; Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1953e; Sisler, F.
D. and ZoBell, C. E., 1951a, 1951b; Smith, P. V.,
Jr., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c, 1939a, 1940e,

1940g, 194la; Sverdrup, H. u. and Staff, 1942a;
Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Tilden,
C. A., 1925; Trask, P. D., 1927a, 1927b, 1931b,
1934, 1936, 1939; Trask, P. D. and Hammar, H. E.,
193 1; Trask, P. D. and Hammar, H. E. and Wu, C.
C, 1932; Updegraff, D. M., 1948; Urry, W. D. and
Piggot, C. S., 1942; Vaughan, T. W., 1930b, 1930d,
1932a, 1932c, 1936, 1940; Weeks, L. G., 1952;
ZoBell, C. E., 1933, 1935, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942a,
1942b, 1943, 1946b, 1946-1947, 1947b, 1947c, 1947d,
1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936;
ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1934a, 1942;
ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. , and Haas, H. P., 1943;
ZoBell, C. E. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1938
Nodules (See also: Manganese, Phosphorite): Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952;
Dietz, R. S., 1954; Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0.,
1938a; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1947a, 1947b; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and' Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Galliher,
E. W., 1932b; Goldberg, E. D. , 1954; Hoots, H.
W., Blount, A. L. and Jones, P. H., 1935; Piggot,
C. S., 1944; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0-, 194l; Shumway,

G. A., 1953; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J.,
1932; Uchupi, E., 1954

Nondeposition (See also: By-passing of Sediment, Winnowing):
Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0., 1952a; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1950; Galliher, E. W. , 1933; Grant, U. S.,
1943; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Norris, R. M. , 1951;
Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1938e, 1939d, 194la, 1952a;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Uchupi, E., 1954

Nutrients (See also: Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Silica):

Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; Allen, W. E., 1921c, 1933a,
194la; Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930;
Br onger8ma -Sanders, M. , 1948; California Academy
of Sciences, California Department of Fish and Game,
Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, South Pacific Fishery
Investigation, University of California, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1952, 1953; Califor-
nia Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography of
the University of California and U. S. Fish and
Wildlife SeTvice, 1950, 1951b; Carsola, A. J. and
Dietz, R. S., 1952; Dawson, E. Y., 1951; Dietz,
R. S., 1952a; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0.,
1954a; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Fleming, R. H., 1939a; Fleming, R. H. and Revelle,
R., 1939; Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Fox, D. L., 1950;
Fox, D. L., Isaacs-, J. D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952;
Gislen, T., 1944; Goldberg, E. D., Walker, T. J.
and Whisenand, A., 1952; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Graham, H. W., 193-4, 194la, 194lb; Graham, H. W.
and Moberg, E. G. , 1944; Hidaka, K., 1953;
McEwen, G. F., 1934a; Moberg, E. G. , 1928a (source
of), 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Fleming, R. H.,
1934; Myers, E. H., 1942, 1943; Natland, M. L.,
Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1941; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Sargent, M. S. and
Walker, T. J., 1948; Sommer, H. and Clark, F. N.,
1946; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940g, 194la, 1944b;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Allen, W. E., 1939; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Staff, 1940, 194l; Thompson, T. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932; Tibby, R. B., 1939;
Tilden, C. A., 1925; Trask, P. D., 1934, 1939;
Updegraff, D. M., 1948; Vaughan, T. W., 1930b,
1932b, 1932c, 1934, 1940; ZoBell, C. E., 1941,
1942a, 1942b, 1947b, 1947c, 1947d; ZoBell, C. E.
and Anderson, D. Q. , 1936; ZoBell, C. E. and
Feltham, C. B., 1942

Ocean Basin - see Basin

Offshore Bars - see Bars

Offshore Troughs - see Troughs

Oil - see Petroleum

Oil Seeps - see Submarine Oil and Gas Seeps

Oligocene: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Corey, W. H., 1951, 1952;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emiliani, C, 1954; Norris,
R. M., 1951; Uchupi, E., 1954

Oolites: Chesterman, C. W., 1952; Dietz, R. S. and Emery,

92

Special Report 44

K. 0., 19j8b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1947a; Emery,
K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950

Oozes, General (See also: Globergerina Ooze, Pelagic Sedi-
ments, Pteropod Ooze, Radiolarian Ooze): Davidson,
G., l875b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 19Ul
(foraminiferal ooze): Revelle, R., 1935 (siliceous);
Shepard, F. P., 1951b; Tanner, Z. L., 1892b; Trask,
P- D., 1939; Vaughan, T. W. , 1940 (organic)

Organic Matter, including Organic Carbon (See also: Bacteria,
c/N Ratio, Diatoms in Relation to Origin of
Petroleum; Organic Matter, Decomposition of;
Petroleum) :

General includes bays, estuaries, lagoons etc.:
Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; Anderson, R., 1927; Atwill,
E. R., 1942; California Department of Fish and
Game, 1951; Coe, W. R., 1945, 1947; Coe, W. R.
and Fox, D. L., 1942; Dana, S. W. , 1942; Dapples,

E. C, 1942; Dawson, E. Y., 1951; Dietz, R. S, ,
1952a; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,

F. P-> 19I4.2; Dill,R. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0.,
1950e, 1954b; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S.,
191+1, 1950; Fox, D. L., 1944a, 1944b, 1950; Fox,
D. L., 19414a, 1944b, 1950; Fox, D. L. and Coe,

W. R., 1943; Fox, D. L., Crane, S. C. and
McConnaughey, B. H., 1948; Fox, D. L., Updegraff,
D. M. and Novelli, G. D., 1944; Galliher, E. W.,

1933, 1935a, 1935c; Gester, G. C, 1927; Gorsline,
D. S., 1954; Graham, H. W., 1943; Grim, R. E.,
Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Hoots, H.
W., 1943; Hoots, H. W., Blount, A. L. and Jones,

P. H., 1935; Hughes, R. V., 1932; Inman, D. L.,
1950; Koe, K. B., Fox, Di L. and Zechmeister, L.,
1950; Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Leslie, M. and
Moberg, E. G. , 1930; Moberg, E. G. , Fleming,
R. H., Heusner, K. and Revelle, R., 1937;
Morrison, R. L., 1930; Putnam, J. A., Bermel,
K. L. and Johnson, J. W., 1947; Revelle, R.,
1938, 194l, 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0.,
1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Rosenfeld, W. D.,
1948; San Diego Regional Water Pollution Control
Board, 1952; Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954; Stevenson,
R. E., 1954; Stevenson, R. E. and Emery, K. 0.,
1951; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a, 1940d, 1940g, 194la;
Takahaski, J., 1925; Thayer, L. A., 1937; Trask,
P. D., 1927a, 1927b, 1928, 1930, 1931b, 1932a,

1934, 1936, 1939; Trask, P. D. and Hammar, H. E.,
1931; Trask, P. D., Hammar, H. E. and Wu, C. C,
1932; Trask, P. D. and Wu, C. C, 1930a, 1930b;
Vaughan, T. W., 1940; Weeks, L. G., 1952; ZoBell,
C. E., 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942b, 1943, 1944, 1946b,
191+6-19147, 1947b, 1947c, 1947a, 1949, 1950;
ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell,
C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1934, 1942; ZoBell, C.
E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F., 1943; ZoBell,

C. E. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1938
Abyssal: Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1954b;
Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Grim, R. E. , Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F. , 1949; Piggot, C. S., 1932,
1944; Revelle, R., 1935a; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953e; Shumway, G. A., 1953;
Trask, P. D., and Hammar, H. E., 1931; White, D.,
1911

Bank: Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F.
p., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1948, 1954b; Emery, K.
0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1951,
1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Uchupi, E., 1954
Basin: Corey, W. H., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1954b,
1954"d; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1951, 1952; Fleming, R. H.
and Revelle, R., 1939; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R.
S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Pratt, W. E., 1947;
Revelle, R., 1939b; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939b; Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954; Trask,
P. D., 1927a, 1927b, 1928, 1930, 1931b, 1939;
Weeks, L. G., 1952; Woodring, W. P., 1938a;
ZoBell, C. E., 1935

Beach and Nearshore : Anonymous, 1950d; Coe, W.
R., 19587 Emery, K. 0., 1946b, 1954b; Fox, D.
L., Isaacs, J. D., Corcoran, E. F. , 1952;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Handin, J. W. , 1949;

McConnaughey, B. H. and Fox, D. L., 1949; Nelson,
J. W., Dean, W. C., Kocher, A. E., Watson, E. B.
and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Nelson, J. W., Zinn,

C. J., Strahorn, A. T., Watson, E. B. and Dunn,
J. E., 1919; Petracek, F. J., Fox, D. L. and
Zechmeister, L., 1951; Shepard, F. P., Inman,

D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Thompson, W. 0.,
1937; Trask, P. D., 1930; Trask, P. D. and
Scott, T., 1954; ZoBell, C. E-, 1935
Coastal Sand Dunes: Blake, J., l868a; Emery,

K. 0., 1954b; Nelson, J. W., Dean, W. C, Kocher,
A. E., Watson, E. B. and Carpenter, E. J., 1920;
Nelson, J. W., Zinn, C. J., Strahorn, A. T.,
Watson, E. B. and Dunn, J. E., 1919; Olsson-Seffer,
P., 1910b

Continental and insular Shelves: Dill, R. F.,
1952; Emery7~K. 0., 1952a, 1954b; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935a, 1935c;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F., 1949; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
Pratt, W. E., 1947; Shepard, F. P., 1951a;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Trask,
P. D., 1930, 1939

Continental Slope; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery,
K. 0., 1954b; Trask, P. D., 1930, 1939; Trask,
P. D. and Hammar, H. E., 1931

Sea Water; Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; Allen, W. E.,
19i4lc; California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
1950; Couch, E. B., 1915; Evans, R. D., Kip, A.

F. and Moberg, E. G-, 1938; Ewing, G. C, 1950a,
1950c; Fleming, R. H. , 1939a; Fox, D. L., 1952;
Goldberg, E. G. , Baker, M. and Fox, D. L., 1952;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Hutton, W. E. and ZoBell, C. E., 1949; McEwen,

G. F., 1919b; Moberg, E. G., 1925, 1928d, 1930b;
Moberg, E. G., Seiwell, H. R., Graham, H. W. and
Paul, J. H., 1930; Putnam, J. A., Bermel, K.

L. and Johnson, J. W., 1947; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Fleming, R. H., 1941; Thompson, R. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932; Vaughan, T. W. , 1934;
Young, R. T., Jr., 1939

Submarine Canyons: Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; MacDonald,
G. A., 1934; Shepard, F. P., 1951a

Organic Matter, Decomposition or Oxidation of (See also:
Bacteria, Diatoms in Relation to Origin of
Petroleum, Organic Matter): Ahlstrom, E. H.,
1950 ; Allen, W. E., 194la; Barrows, A. L., 1913;
Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1§42;
Emery, K. 0., 1950d, 1952b; Fleming, R. H., 1939a;
Fox, D. L., 1950; Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L. J.,
194l; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli,
G. D., 1944; Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935a;
Graham, H. W. and Moberg, E. G., 1944; Hoots,
H. W., 1943; Moberg, E. G., 1928a, 1928b, 1930b,
1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Allen, W. E., 1927;
Moulton, G. F., 1928; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939b; Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Shepard,
F. P., 1951a; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940g, 194la;
Takahashi, J., 1925; Thayer, L. A., 1937; Trask,
P. D., 1934, 1939; White, D., 1911; ZoBell, C.
E., 1938, 1939, 1942a, 1942b, 1946b, 1946-1947,
1947b, 1947c, 1947d, 1950 ; ZoBell, C. E. and
Anderson, D. Q. , 1936; ZoBell, c. E. and Feltham,
C. B., 1934, 1942; ZoBell, C. E. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1938

Organic Sediments (See also: Calcareous Sediments and Rocks,
Carbonates, Coquina, Limestone, Marl, Shells,
various oozes): Emery, K. 0., 1947b, 1947c;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938d;
Uchupi, E., 1954

Orientation of Pebbles, Petrofabric Diagrams: Krumbein,
W. C, 1947; Schupp, R. D., 1953

Orogenesis (See also: Diastrophism) : Havemann, H., 1952

Organisms (See also: Burrowing Organism, Fouling, Scavengers):
Anonymous, 1944b; Andrews, H. L., 1945;
Armstrong, T. A., 1954; Arnold, D. and Arnold,
R., 1902; Arnold, J. L., 1928; Barrows, A. L.,
1913; Bartsch, P., 1912, 1921a; Beach Erosion
Board, 1952b; Blake, J., 1868b; Bruff, S. C.» 1946;

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

93

Burch, B. L., 19^7; Burch, J. Q., 19^5; Bush,
J. B., 1930; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography of
the University of California, and U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 1951a, 1951b; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography of
the University of California, U. S. Fish and Wild-
life Service, and Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford
University, 1951; California Department of Fish
and Game, 1951; California Department of Public
Health, 1951; Carpenter, P. P., 1857; Carsola,
A. J. and Dietz, R. s., 1952; Chesterman, C. W.,
1952; Clark, A., 1933; Clark, A. H., 191**, 1933;
Clark, B. L., 1931; Clark, F. N., 1938; Cockerell,
T. D. A., 1938b, 19^0; Coe, W. R., 1932, 19^5,
I9V7, 19W3, 1953; Coe, W. R. and Allen, W. E.,
1937; Coe, W. R. and Fox, D. L., 19^2, I9W*;
Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dall, W. H., 1921; Dapples,

E. C, 19^2; David, L. R., I9I+6, 19^7; Davidson,
G., 1875b; Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938b;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0., and Shepard, F. P.,
19l*2; Dill, R. F., 19^2; Durham, J. W. , 1952;
Emery, K. 0., 19l*lb, 19l*5a, 19l*6b, 191*8, 1950d,
1952a, 1952b, 195^b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K.
0., and Dietz, R. S.; Emery,

K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 19^; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy,
R. H., 19^1} Everest, F. A., Young, R. W. and
Johnson, M. W., 19^8; Fox, D. L., 1937, 1950;
Fox, D. L. and Coe, W. R., 19^3; Fox, D. L.,
Crane, S. C. and McConnaughey, B. H., 19^8;
Fraser, C. McL., 19^3; Galliher, E. W., 1932b,
1933/ 1935a, 1935c; Gaylord, E. G. and Hanna, G.
D., 1925; Gislen, T., 19V*; Goldberg, E. D.,
195^; Gorgy, S., Rakestraw, N. W., and Fox, D.
L., 19^8; Graham, H. W., 193^; Grant, U. S. and
Gale, H. R., 1931; Hanna, G. D. , 1928, 1932, 1952;
Helfand, S., 1927; Hertlein, L. G. and Emerson,
W. K., 1953; Hertlein, L. G., and Strong, A. M.,
19l*0; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Hubbs, C. L., 19W;
Inman, D. L., 1950; James, E. L., 1950;
Johnson, M. W., 1939b; Johnson, M. W. , Everest,

F. A. and Young, R. W. , 19^7; Jordan, E. K. , 1926;
Keen, A. M., 19^1; Keep, J., 19V7; Kemnitzer,

L. E., 1933; Kindle, E. M., 1931*; Knudsen, V.
0., Alford, R. S., and Emling, J. W., 191*8;
Light, S. F., et al, 195^; Louderback, G. D. , 1920;
Lowenstam, H. A., 195^; McConnaughey, B. H. and
Fox, D. L., 19^9; McEwen, G. F., 1950; McKee,
E. D., 1939, 1953; MacGinitie, G. E., 1927, 1935,
1939; MacGinitie, G. E., and MacGinitie, N., 19^9;
Marks, G. W., 1938; Mason, H. L., 1931; Mears,
E. G., 19^3; Menard, H. W., 1952; Michael, E.
L., 1919; Miller, R. C, Ramage, W. D. and Lazier,
E. L., 1928; Morrison, R. L., 1930; Moyer, D.
A., 1929b; Munk, W. H., 1950; Natland, M. L.,
Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 19**1; Newell,
I. M., 19k8; Norris, R. M., 1951; Oldroyd, I.
S., 1924 ; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a; Packard, E.
L., 1918; Page, G. B., 1950; Palmer, R. H., 1928;
Pierce, W. D. and Pool, D., 1938; Piggot, C. S.,
1932, 1941+; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D. , 19**2;
Putnam, W. C, 19^2; Revelle, R., 1935, 1937a;
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Richter, C. M. ,
1887; Ritter, W. E., 1901, 1902; Rothwell, W.
T., Jr., I9UU; Schenck, H. G., 1928, 19l*0;
Schenck, H. G. and Keen, A. M., 1935, 1936a, 1936b,
1937; Scofield, E. C, 1931*; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953e; Shaler, N. S., 1895;
Shepard, F. P., 1936f, 1936g, 19^c, 19**la, 19^,
1951a, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
19I4.5; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Smith, A. G. and MacKenzie,
G., Jr., 191*8; Stearns, R. E. C, 1875; Steven-
son, R. E., 1951+; Stevenson, R. E. and Emery, K.
0., 1951; Stock, C, 1935, 1936, 19!+6; Stock,
C. and Furlong, E. L., 1928, 1929; Sverdrup, H.
U., 1938c, 19l*la, 194lc; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, 191*8; Takahashi, J., 1928; Trask, B.,
1907; Trask, P. D., 1932b, 1939; Uchupi, E.,
1951*; Vaughan, T. W., 19l*0; White, D., 1911;

Williams, w., 19h8; Woodford, A. 0., 1935;
Woodring, W. P., 1938a; ZoBell, C. E., 1939,
19l*2a, 19l+2c, 19l*7c, 19l*7d; ZoBell, C. E. and
Feltham, C . B . , 19l*2

Ostracods (See also: Zooplankton) : Allen, W. E., 1920;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola, A. J., 19**7;
Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Crouch,
R. W., 195^; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Revelle, R.,
1935; Rothwell, W. T., Jr., I9I+I*, 191*6

Outcrop - see Bedrock

Oxidation — Reduction Potential - see Eh

Oxidation of Organic Matter - see Organic Matter, Decomposi-
tion of

Oxidizing or Aerobic Environment (See also: Aeration, Eh,
Oxygen): Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 19**2; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Fox, D. L., 19M*a;
Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D.,
19l*l*; Louderback, G. D., I9I+O; Piggot, C. S.,
1932, 19l*l*; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953e; Stevenson, R. E., 195*+; ZoBell, C. E.,
1936, 19l*6b; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. and
Haas, H. F., 19l*3

Oxygen: Anonymous, l^Ub (in mud), 1950; Ahlstrom, E. H.,
1950; Allen, W. E., 1933b, 1939, 19^1a, 19l*lb,
19l*lc, 19l*6a; Bandy, 0. L., 1953a; Bigelow, H.
B. and Leslie, M. , 1930; Brongersma -Sanders, M.,
19l*8j Bullock, F. W., 1933; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and
Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the
University of California, and U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951a; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, U.
S. Fish and wildlife Service, South Pacific
Fishery Investigation, University of California,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952, 1953;
California Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, 1952;
California Department of Fish and Game, 1951;
California Department of Public Health, 1951;
Connell, C. H. and Cross, J. B., 1950; Couch,
E. B., 1915; Crouch, R. W. , 1951; Dapples,
E. C, 19^2; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19l*2; Emery,
K. 0., 19!*6b, 1952b, 1953a, 195^; Emery, K. 0.
and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Ritten-
berg, S. C, 1952; Emiliani, C, 1951*-; Epstein,
S. and Mayeda, T., 1953 (O1^); Evans, R. D.,
Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G. , 1938; Fleming, J.
A., 1930; Fleming, J. A., Sverdrup, H. U.,
Ennis, C. C, Seaton, S. L. and Hendrix, W. C,
19^5; Fleming, R. H., 1939b, 19l*0b, 19l*2;
Fleming, R. H., Moberg, E. G. and Revelle, R.,
1937b; Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R., 1939;
Fox, D. L., 1937, 19M*a, 19l*l*b; Fox, D. L.
and Anderson, L. J. , 19^1; Fox, D. L., Updegraff,

D. M., Novelli, G. D., I9M*; Galliher, E. W.,
1933; Gilbert, J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 19^3;
Gislen, T., 19^3, 19l*l*; Goldberg, E. D., 1951*;
Goldberg, E. D. , Baker, M. and Fox, D. L., 1952;
Graham, H. W. , 1931*, 19l*la; Graham, H. W. and
Moberg, E. G. , 191*-!*; Hewatt, W. G., 1931*;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Hoots, H. W., 19l*3;
Hutton, W. E. and ZoBell, C. E., 19^9; Krumbein,
W. C, 19l*2; Leslie, M., 1928; Leslie, M. and
Moberg, E. G., 1930; Lowenstam, H. A., 195^ (0l8/016);
McEwen, G. F., 1915; MacGinitie, G. E., 1927;

Mayor, A. G., 1922; Michael, E. L., 1921; Miller,
H. E. and Nusbaum, I., 1952; Miller, R. C,
Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg,

E. G., 1930a, 1930b; Moberg, E. G. and Graham,
H. W., 1930; Munk, W. H., 19**0; Myers, E. H.,
19^3; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg,
S. C.j 19l*l; Osorio Tafall, B. F., 19l*3; Phelps,
A., 191*0; Piggot, C. S., 19I+I*; Pratt, W. E.,
19^7; Rakestraw, N. W., Rudd, P. D. and Dole, M.,
1951; Revelle, R., 1939b, 1950; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; San Diego Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952; Sargent, M. S.
and Walker, T. J., 191*8; Schneider, W. A., 195^;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 19l*9a, 19l*9b,
19l*9c, \9^, I9i+9e, 1950a, 1950b, 1950c, 1950d,
I950e, I950g, 1951a, 1951b, 1951c, I95ld, I95le,

94

Special Report 44

I95lf, I95lli, 195H, 1951 j, 1951k, 1951L, 1951m,
1952a, 1952b, 1952e, 1952f, 1952g; Sommer, H.
and Clark, F. N., 191*6; Stevenson, R. E. and
Emery, K. 0., 1951; Sverdrup, H. U., 1937-1938,
1938a, 1938c, 1938d, 1939a, 1939b, 1939c, 19^0b,
19U0e, 19^0g, 19Ulc, 19M*a; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Allen, W. E., 1939; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming,
J. A., 19U4; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming, R. H.,
19^1; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 191*1, 19**3b, 19^,
191+Tb; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932;
Thompson, T. G., Thomas, B. G. and Barnes, C. A.,
193^; Tibby, R. B., 19^3, igkk; Tilden, C. A.,
1925; Topp, E. P., 1929; Trask, P. D., 1931*,
1939; Uchupi, E., 195^; Ufford, C. W., 19^7a;
Updegraff, D. M., 191*8; Vaughan, T. W. , 1930b,
1930d, 1932a, 1932c, 1933, 193^, 1935a, 19^0;
Wooster, W. S., 1950; Young, R. T., 1939; ZoBell,
C. E., 1936, 1938, 1939, 19^2a, 19^2b, 191*3, 19>t6b,
191*6-191+7, 19l*7b, 19l+7c, 19Vr<l, 1950; ZoBell,
C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, c. E.
and Feltham, C. B., 19**2; ZoBell, c. E., Grant,
C. W. and Haas, H. F., 19^3

Paleoclimate - see Meteorology and Climate, Paleogeography
Paleogeography (See also: Meteorology and Climate): Clark,

B. L., 1921; Corey, W. H., 1951, 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19**5; Sanchez, P. C,
193 ^c

Pelagic Sediments (See also: Red Clay, various" oozes) :
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1914-2; Goldberg, E. D., 1951*- (also pelagic oozes);
Lawson, A. C, 1921*; Rittenberg, S. C, I9IK);
Trask, P. D., 1932b (pelagic oozes); Vaughan,
T. W., 191*0

Permeability: Emery, K. 0., 19l*5a, 1950e; Emery, K. 0. and
Foster, J. F., 191*8; Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J.
F., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1951, 1952; Krumbein, W. C, 19^2, 191*7, 1950;
Stevenson, R. E., 195^

Petrofabric Diagrams - see Orientation of Pebbles

Petroleum, Asphaltum, Oil (See also: Bacteria c/n Ratio,
Diatoms in Relation to Origin of Petroleum,
Hydrogen, Methane, Nitrogen, Organic Matter;
Organic Matter, Decomposition of; Petroleum,
Origin of; Source Beds for Petroleum, Tidelands) :
Anonymous, 1906a, 1932a, 1932b, 1938c, 19l*l*b, 19l+6a,
19W, I9l*9a, 19^9b, 1952c, I952d, I952g, 1952J,
1952k, 1952L, 1952m, 1952n, 1952d, 1952p, 1952q,
1953a, 1953b, 1953c, I953e, 195^, 195W, I95l*f,
195l*g, 1951*!, 195^; Alexander, A. H., 1936;
Allen, W. E., 19l*lc; Anderson, F. M., 1926;
Anderson, R., 1927; Armstrong, T. A., 195^;
Bailey, T. L., 191*7; Barnes, K. B., 19U5; Beach
Erosion Board, 19l*8j; Bell, G. K. , 191*8; Blake,
W. P., 1855; Blodget, R. M., 19^9; Branner, J.

C. 1913; Brongersma-Sanders, M., 19 W;
Bullington, J. P., 19l*0; California Legislature,
1931b, 1951b; Chase, J. L., 19l*8; Coe, W. R. and
Fox, D. L., 191*2; Collins, L. B., Gilbert, J. C.
and Simon, J. H., 1933; Davidson, G. , 1897; Emery,
K. 0., 1950b, 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,

S. C, 1951, 1952; Ford, J. L. C, 19^2; Fox,

D. L., 19l*l*a, 19l*l*b; Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L.
J., 191*1; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and
Novell!, G. D., 1944; Friedman, S. L., 19**9;
Gale, H. S., 1933, 193^, 193^b; Galliher, E. W.,
1933; Gester, G. C, 1927; Gilbert, J. C. and
Simon, J. H., 1933; Gilluly, J. and Grant, U. S.,
191*7; Goodyear, W. A., 1896; Grant, U. S. and
Sheppard, W. E., 1939; Gross, H. E., 19l*5;
Hanna, G. D. , 1952; Hansen, H. A. and Pemberton,
J. R., 1950; Harris, F. R. and Harlow, E. H.,
191*5; Hjelte, G., 1938; Hoots, H. W., 19^3;
Hoots, H. W., Blount, A. L. and Jones, p. H.,
1935; Hubbs, C. L. and Rechnizer, A. B., 1952;
Hughes, R. V., 1932; Hutton, W. E. and ZoBell,

C. E., 19**9; Kemnitzer, W. J., 1937; Larsen,
G. P., 19^1; -Leypoldt, H., 19^7; McLaughlin, R.
P., 1921; Menard, H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton,

E. L., Moore, D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M.
and Stewart, H. B., 195^; Merrill, F. J. H.,

191^; Miller, J. C, 1953; Mills, B., 1932a, 1932b,
1932c, 1932d, 1932e, 1932f, 1932g, 1936; Moberg,
E. G., Fleming, R. H., Heusner, K. and Revelle,
R., 1937; Morgan, F. A., 1930; Murray-Aaron, E.

R., 19l*7; National Petroleum Council, 1953;
Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936a, 1936c; Pecham, S. F.,
1897; Pollak, C. N., 1953; Pratt, W. E., 19^7;
Pyles, E. E., 1951*; Rittenberg, S. C, 191*0;
Shepard, F. P., 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,
G. A., 1938; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Smith, P. V.,
Jr., I95I*; Smith, J. S., 1936; Sheddon, R., 191*8;
Sosedko, A. F. , 1950; Stockman, L. P., 1932, 1939,
19l*9a, 19l*9b, 19l*9c; Stormont, D. H., 1951b, 1951c,
1952a, 1952b, 1952c, 195l*a, 1954b, 195l*c; Sweeney,
J., 1930; Tanner, Z. L., 1892a, 1896; Takahaski,
J., 1925, 1928; Thayer, L. A., 1935, 1937; Thorn,
W. T-, Jr., 1938; Trask, P. D., 1927a, 1927b, 1928,
1930, 1931b, 193^, 1936, 1939; Trask, p. D.,
Hammar, H. E. and Wu, C. C, 1932; Trask, P. D.
and Wu, C. C, 1930b; Vickery, F. P., 1927a;
Weaver, C. E., 19**5; Weaver, D. K., 1937; Weaver,

D. K. and Wilhelm, V. H., 19^3 J Weber, B. V.,
191*6; Weeks, L. G., 1952; Welker, S. C., 1951*;
Wharton, M. , 191*8; White, D., 1911; Woodring,
W., Bramlette-, M. N. and Lohman, K. E., 19l*3;
ZoBell, C. E-, 1938, 1939, 19tea, 19l*2b, 19l*l*,
19l*6b, 191*6-191*7, 19^7c, 19^7d, 19^9, 1950; ZoBell,

C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, C. E.,
Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F., 191*3

Petroleum, Origin of (Also see: Bacteria, Diatoms in Relation
to Origin of Petroleum, Petroleum, Pigments, Source
Beds for Petroleum): Anderson, F. M., 1926;
Anderson, R., 1927; Bailey, T. L., 19^7; Emery,
K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Gester, G. C,
1927; Hughes, R. V., 1932; Pratt, W. E., 19^7;
Smith, p. V., Jr., 195!*; Takahashi, J., 1925, 1928;
Thayer, L. A., 1935, 1937; Trask, P. D., 1927a,
1927b, 1928, 1930, 1931b, 1931*, 1936, 1939; Trask,
P. D. and Wu, C. C, 1930b; Weeks, L. G., 1952

pH (hydrogen ion concentration): Allen, W. E., 1921a, 1923b;
Andrews, H. L., 19^5; California Department of
Public Health, 1951; Crouch, R. W. , 1951; Dapples,

E. C, 19**2; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0.,
19l+6b, 1950e, 1953a, 195l*d; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, R. S., 1951, 1952; Fleming, J. A.,
1930; Fleming, J. A., Sverdrup, H. U., Ennis, C.
C., Seaton, S. L. and Hendrix, W. C, 19^5; Fox,

D. L. and Coe, W. R., 19l*3; Fox, D. L., Updegraff,
D. M., Novelli, G. D., 19l*l*; Galliher, E. W.,
1933, 1935a, 1935c; Gee, H., Greenberg, D. M. and
Moberg, E. G., 1932; Gislen, T., 19l*3, 19l*l*; Gold-
berg, E. D., 195^; Graham, H. W., 1931*; Graham,

H. W. and Moberg, E. G., 19!*!*; Harding, H. W. and
Moberg, E. G., 193^; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Horonjeff,
R. and Patrick, D. A., 1952; Hutton, W. E. and
ZoBell, C. E., 19l*9; Krumbein, W. C, 19l*2;
Leslie, M., 1928; Lipman, C. B., 1929; McClendon,
J. F., Gault, C. C. and Mulholland, S., 1917;
McEwen, G. F. , 193^, 191t0a; Mayor, A. G., 1922;
Michaels, E. L., 1921; Miller, R. C, Ramage, W.

D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg, E. G. , 1925,
1928a, 1928b, 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Allen, W.
E., 1927; Moberg, E. G. and Harding, H. W., 1933J
Myers, E. H., 19^3; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 19^1; Revelle, R., 1937b,
1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle,
R. and Fleming, R. H., 193**; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell,

C. E., 1951a, 1951b; Smith, P. V., Jr., I95I*;
Stevenson, R. E., 195^; Stevenson, R. E. and Emery,
K. 0., 1951; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a, 19l*0d, 19l*0e;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 19l*3a; Thompson, T. G.
and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D. , 1927a;
Vaughan, T. W. , 1930b, 1930d, 1932a, 1932c, 1933;
Wells, R. C, 1921; Williams, W. , 191*8; ZoBell,
C. E., 1935, 1938, 1939, 19M, 19^, 19l*2b, 191*3,
191*1*, I9l*6b, 191*6-191*7, 19^7b, I9^7c, 19*t-7d;
ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell,
C E. and Feltham, c. B., 19l*2; ZoBell, C. E.,
Grant, C. W., and Haas, H. F., 19**3; ZoBell, C.

E. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1938

Phillipsite (See also: Clay): Carsola, A. J. and Dietz,
R. S., 1952; Dietz, R. S., 19^1; Grim, R. E.,
Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 19^9

Phosphorescence - see Luminescence

Phosphorite (See also: Flourine, Nodules, Phosphorous):

Brongersma-Sanders, M., 19**8; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Chesterman, C. W. , 1952; Clements, T. and Emery,
K. 0., 19V7; Dapples, E. C, 19^2; Dietz, R. S.,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

95

1952a; Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 193»a,
1938b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1942; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0.,
194la, 1947a, 1947b, 1947c, 1948, 1952a; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Galliher, E. W.,
1932b; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard,
F. P., 194la; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
1945; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Uchupi, E., 1954
Phosphorous (See also: Nutrients, Phosphorite): Ahlstrom,
E. H., 1950; Allen, W. E., 194la, 194lc, 1946b;
Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930; Brongersma-
Sanders, M. , 19k8; Bullock, F. W., 1933; Calif-
ornia Academy of Sciences, California Division of
Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
of the University of California and U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951a; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine
Station, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South
Pacific Fishery Investigation, University of
California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953; Dietz, R. S., 1954; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^2; Dill, R. F. ,
1952; Emery, K. 0., 1954a; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1950; Fleming, J. A., 1930; Fleming,
J. A., Sverdrup, H. U., Ennis, C. C, Seaton, S.
L. and Hendrix, W. C, 1945; Fleming, R. H.,
1939a, 1939b, 1942; Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Fox,

D. L., 1950; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and
Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Galliher, E. W., 1935a;
Gislen, T. , 1943, 1944; Goldberg, E. D., 1954;
Goldberg, E. D. , Walker, T. J. and Whisenand, A.,
1952; Graham, H. W. , 1934, 194la, 194lb; Graham,
H. W. and Moberg, E. G. , 1944; Hewatt, W. G.,
1934; Hoots, H. W., Blount, A. L. and Jones,

P. H., 1935; Inman, D. L., 1950; Leslie, M.,
1928; Lipman, C. B., 1929; McEwen, G. F., 1934a;
Moberg, E. G., 1925, 1928a, 1928c, 1930c; Moberg,

E. G. and Fleming, R. H., 1934; Moberg, E. G.
and Harding, H. W., 1933; Moberg, E. G. , Seiwell,
H. R., Graham, H. W. and Paul, J. H , 1930; Munk,
W. H., 1950; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1941; Phelps, A., 1940;
Revelle, R., 1937a, 193Tb, 1950; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 1949a, 1949b, 1949c, 1949d,
1949e, 1950a, 1950b, 1950c, 1950d, 1950e, 1950g,
1951a, 1951b, 1951c, l95ld, 195le, I951f, 1951b,
195H, I95IL, 1952a, 1952b, 1953e; Skogsberg,

T., 1936; Sleggs, G. F., 1927; Sverdrup, H. U.,
1939a, 1940e, 1940g, 194la, 1944a; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Staff, 194l, 1942b, 1944; Thompson,
T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Tibby, R. B.,
1944; Trask, P. D., 1927a, 1934, 1939; Tilden,
C. A., 1925; Updegraff, D. M., 1948; Vaughan,
T. W., 1930a, 1930b, 1930d, 1931, 1932a, 1932c,
1940; Wooster, W. S., 1950, 1952; ZoBell, C.
E., 1938, 1941, 1942a, 1942b, 1943, 1946-1947,
1947c, 1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B.,
1942
Photography: Beach Erosion Board, 1952b; California,

University of, 1952b; Grant, U. S. and Shepard,

F. P., 1937; Moffit, F. H., 19.53b; Munk, W.
H. and Traylor, M. A., 1945; O'Brien, M. P.,
1946a, 1947b; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
19521; Shepard, F. P., 1949d, 1949e; Shepard,

F. P. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Stump, R. S.,
1946a; Stump, R. S. and Bascom, W. N., 1947;
Wiegel, R. L., 1947c

Aerial Photography: Anonymous, 1945; Bascom,
W. N., 1947d; California, University of, 1945;
Congressional Documents, 1953b; Dunham, J- W. ,
1951; Isaacs, J. D. , 1945J; Johnson, J. W.,
1944, 1945b; McAdam, D., 1947a; Menard, H. W.,
Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore, D. G., Shumway,
G., Silverman, M. and Stewart, H. B., 1954; Moffit,
F. H., 1953a; Morey, B. F., 1944, 1945; Norris,
R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson, J. W.,
1947; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944f ,
1944g; Shepard, F. P., 1950b; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 1941; Snodgrass, F. E., 1951;

Stump, R. S., 1946a; Stump, R. S. and Bascom, W.
N., 1947; Thompson, W. C, 1949; Van Dorn, W. G.,
1953; Wanless, H. R., 1950; Wiegel, R. L-, 1947a
Bottom Photography: Buffington, E. C, 1951;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola, A., Dietz, R. S.,
1952; Carsola, A., Dietz, R. S. and Russell, R.
S., 1949; Dietz, R. S., 1954; Emery, K. 0.,
1947b, 1952b, 1953b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K.
0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l, 1950; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Goldberg, E. D., 1954;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Menard, H. W. , 1952;
Menard, H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore,

D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M. and Stewart,

H. B., 1954; Norris, R. M., 1951; Scripps Insti-
tution of Oceanography, 1947b; Shepard, F. P. ,
1947a, 1948d, 1949b, 1953; Shepard, F. P. and
, Emery, K. 0., 194l, 1945; Uchupi, E., 1954
Photosynthesis: Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; Allen, W. E.,

1939b, 1940c,, ,1941a, xykld.; Bigelow, H. B. and
Leslie, M., 1930; Brongersma -Sanders, M., 1948;
California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950;
California Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, 1952;
Dawson, E. Y. , 1951; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery,
K. 0.> 1946b; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952; Fleming, R. H., 1939a (zone); Fox, D. L.,
1937, 1950; Galliher, E. W., 1933; Goldberg, E.
D., Baker, M. and Fox, D. L., 1952; Goldberg,

E. D., Walker, T. J. and Whisenand, A., 1952;
Graham, H. W. , 1934 (zone); Graham, H. W. and
Moberg, E. G., 1944; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Leslie, M., 1928; Leslie, M. and Moberg, E. G. ,
1930; McEwen, G. F. , 1934a; Mayor, A. G. , 1922;
Michael, E. L., 1921; Miller, H. E. and Nusbaum,
I., 1952; Miller, R. C., Ramage, W. D. and Lazier,
E. L., 1928; Moberg, E. G. , 1928a, 1928b, 1930c;
Moberg, E. G. and Allen, W. E., 1927; Natland,

M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l;
Revelle, R., 1950; San Diego Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952; Stevenson, R. E.,
1954; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940g, 194la; Thompson,
T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D.,
1939; Vaughan, T. W., 1932c, 1934; Williams, W.,
1948; ZoBell, C. E., 1942a (photoaynthetic zone),
1947c; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942
Phytoplankton (See also: Diatoms, Dinoflagellatee, Plankton):
Ahlstrom, E. H-, 1950; Allen, W. E., 1921b, 1921c,
1921d, 1921e, 1922a, 1922c, 1923a, 1923b, 1928c,
1928d, 1929, 1930a, 1934b, 1938a, 1938b, 1939a,
1940a, 1940c, 1940d, 194lc, 1946a; Brongersma-
Sanders, M., 1948; Bullock, F. M., 1933; Calif-
ornia Academy of Sciences, California Division of
Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
of the University of California, and U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951a, 1951b; Calif-
ornia Academy of Sciences, California Division of
Fish and Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine
Station, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South
Pacific Fishery Investigation,' University of
California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953; California Bureau of Sanitary Engineering,
1952; Coe, W. R., 1945, 1948; Coe, W. R. and
Fox, D. L., 1942, 1944; Dawson, E. Y., 1951;
Dietz, R. S. and LaFond, E. C, 1950; Emery, K.
0. and Rittenberg, S. G. , 1952; Esterly, C. 0.,
1923; Fleming, R. H., 1939a, 1939b; Fox, D. L.,
1944b, 1950; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and
Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Fox, D. L., Updegraff,

D. M. and Novell!, G. D., 1944; Gee, H., 1932;
Gilbert, J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 1943; Graham, H.
W., 1934, 194lb, 1943; Graham, H. W. and Moberg,

E. G., 1944; Howard, L-, 1937; Johnson, M. W.,
1942; Mason, E. H., 1930; Michael, E. L., 1921;
Milder, H. E. and Nusbaum, I., 1952; Miller, R.
C, Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg,
E. G., 1928a, 1928c,; Myers, E. H., 1942, 1943;
Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C,
194l; Revelle, R., 1950; San Diego Regional
Water Pollution Control Board, 1952; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1953e; Sleggs, G. F.,
1927; Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U ,
1938c, 1940e, 1940f, 194lc; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Allen, W. E., 1939; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1941;

96

Special Report 44

Tibby, R. B., 1939; Tilden, C. A., 1925; Trask,
P. D., 193^, 1939; Vaughan, T. W. , 1930b, 1932b,
1934, 1940; Whedon, W. P., 1939; ZoBell, C. E.,
1942a, 1947 c

Piers - see Engineering

Pigments, Carotenoids (See also: Chlorophyll, Petroleum):
Anonymous, 19>+2, 1944b; Fox, D. L., 1937, 19^,
19Mb; Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L. J., 19^1 J
Fox, D. L., Crane, S. C. and McConnaughey, B. H.,
1948; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli,
G. D. , 1944; Pinckard, J. H., Kittredge, J. S.,
Fox, D. L., Haxo, F. T. and Zechmeister, L., 1953;
Trask, P. D. and Wu, C. C, 1930b; Vaughan, T.
W., 1933

Plankton (See also: Copepods, Diatoms, Dinoflagellates,
Phytoplankton) : Anonymous, 1951a; Ahlstrom,
E. H., 1950; Allen, W. E., 1920, 1921a, 1921b,
1921c, 1921d, 1921e, 1922a, 1922b, 1922c, 1923a,
1923b, 1923c, 1923d, 1923e, 1923f, 1924a, 1924b,
1925, 1926, 1927a, 1927b, 1927c, 1927d, 1928a,
1928b, 1928c, 1928d, 1929, 1930a, 1930b, 1933a,
1933b, 193^, 193^, 1935, 1936, 1937a, I937h,
1938a, 1938b, 1938c, 1939a,, 1939b, 1939c, I939d,
1940a, 1940b, 1940c, I940d, 1941a, 1941b, I94lc,
194ld, 1942a, 1942b, 1943, 19^5, 19^6a, 1946b;
Allen, W. E. and Lewis, R., 1927; Anderson, R.,
1927; Bartch, P., 1921b; Bigelow, H. B. and
Leslie, M. , 1930; Boden, B. P., 1950; Bonnot,
P. and Phillips, J. B., 1938; Br ongersma -Sanders,
M., 19W; Bullock, F. W., 1933; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography of
the University of California, U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, and Hopkins Marine Station,
Stanford University, 1951; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and
Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station,
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Pacific
Fishery Investigation, University of California,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952, 1953;
California, University of, 1946a; Clark, A. H.,
1914; Coe, W. R. and Fox, D. L., 19^2; Couch,
E. B., 1915; Cupp, E. E., 1930, 193^, 193^,
1938, 1943; Cupp, E. E. and Allen, W. E., 1938;
Dawson, E. Y., 1951; Dorman, H. P., 1927a, 1927b;
Emery, K. 0., 195^5 Esterly, C 0., 1923, 1928b;
Ewing, G. C, 1950a; Fleming, R. H. and Revelle,
R., 1939; Ford, J. L. C, 19^2; Fox, D. B.,
1929, 1930 ; Fox, D. L., 1937; Galliher, E. W.,
1933; Goldberg, E. D., 1951*; Goldberg, E. D.,
Baker, M. and' Fox, D. L., 1952; Goldberg, E. D.,
Walker, T. J. and Whisenand, A., 1952; Graham,
H. W., 1934, 194la, 194lb, 1943; Harvey, D. R. ,
1928; Hewatt, W. G. , 193^; Hinde, H. P., 1952;
Hoots, H. W., 1943; Howard, L., 1937; Johnson,
M. W., 1939a, 1939b, 191*8; Kofoid, C. A., 1911;
Kofoid, C. A. and Swezy, 0., 1921; Leslie, M.,
1928; Leslie, M. and Moberg, E. G., 1930; Lewis,
R. C, 1927, 1929; McEwen, G. F., 193**a, 1950;
McEwen, G. F. and Staff, 1948; Marshall, N. B.,
1951; Mason, E. H., 1930; Michael, E. L., 1919;
Michael, E. L. and McEwen, G. F., 1915, 19l6;
Moberg, E. G., 1925, 1928b, 1928c, 1928d;
Morrison, R. L., 1930; Murphy, H. E., 1924;
Osorio Tafall, B. F., 19>»3; Phelps, A., 1937J
Pinckard, J. H., Kittredge, J. S., Fox, D. L.,
Haxo, F. T. and Zechmeister, L., 1953; Pratt, W.
E. 19^7; Rakestraw, N. W., Rudd, P. D. and Dole,
M., 1951; Rankin, E. P., 1913; Revelle, R., 1939b,
1950; Ritter, W. E., 1924; Russell, F. S., 1931*;
Saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950; Shepard, F. P., 19^7a,
1949b; Skogsberg, T., 1936; Sommer, H. and
Clark, F. N., 1946; Sommer, H., Whedon, W. F.,
Kofoid, C. A. and Stohler, R., 1937; Stevenson,
R. E., 195^; Sumner, F. B. , Louderback, G. D.,
Schmitt, W. L., and Johnston, E. C, 191^5
Sverdrup, H. U. , 1938c, 1939a, 1939b, 19toe, 1940f;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1941; Taylor, C. V.
and Vaughan, T. W., 1931*-; Thompson, T. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932; Tibby, R. B., 1939, 19^J
Tilden, C. A., 1925; Topp, E. P., 1929; Torrey,
H. B., 1902; Trask, P. D., 1928, 1930, 1939;

Vaughan, T. W. , 1933, 193^, 1935b, 1936, 19^0;
Walford, L. A., 1951; Walker, B. W. , 1947;
Whedon, W. F., 1939; Whedon, W. F. and Kofoid,
C. A., 1936; Young, R. T., Jr., 1939

Plant Nutrients - see Nutrients

Plastisity: Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Trask,
P. D. and Rolston, J. W., 1950b

Plateau (See also: Terraces): Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933;
Koczy, F. F., 195^; Smith, P. A., 1940

Platform - see Wave Cut Terraces

Pleistocene (See also: Tertiary): Anderson, C. A., 19^1;

Bagg, R. M., Jr., 1912; Bruff, S. C, 1940, 1946;
Bucher, W. H., 1940; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
California, University of, 1953a, 1953b; Carsola,
A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Clark, A., 1933;
Cohee, G. V., 1938; Corey, W. H., 1951; Crouch,
R. W., 195^; Crowell, J. C, 1950, 1952; Daly,
R. A., 193^;- Davis, W. M., 1932, 1933; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0., 1950c, 1950d, 1951, 1952a; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952; Emiliani,
C, 195^; Galliher, E. W., 1935a; Hill, R. T.,
1928a; Holsman, J. E., 1950; Hubbs, C. L., 1948;
Inman, D. L., 1949, 1950; Ives, R. L., 1951;
Jenkins, 0. P.', 1943b; Lawson, A. C, 1893b;
Louderback, G. D. , 1941; Mason, H. L., 1929,
1931; Merriam, P. D., 1949; Moore, D. G., 1951;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W.
D., 1942; Poland, J. F., 19^7; Putnam, W. C.,
1938; Reed, R. D., 1933b; Revelle, R., I95O;
Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1935a, 193 5e, 1936c, 1936d,
I936f, I936g, l9*Ha, 1948c, 19^, I9^9d, I950e,
1951b, 1951e, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 19^-1; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Smith, W. D., 1933c; Spencer,.
J. W., I89O; Thompson, W. C, 1949; Trask, P. D.
and Scott, T. , 1954; Uchupi, E., 1954; Upson,
J. E., 1949b; Vaughan, T. W. , 1940; Weeks, L.
G. , 1952; Willis, B., 1900; Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Pliocene (See also: Tertiary): Anonymous, 1952d; Anderson,
C. A., 19^1; Armstrong, T. A., 195^; Bagg, R.
M., Jr., 1912; Bucher, W. H., 1940; Butcher,
W. S., 1951a; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Corey, W. H.,
1951, 1952; Crouch, R. W., 195^; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K.
0., 19^1a, 1950b, 1950d, 1951, 1952a; Emery, K.
0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S.,
1950; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 194l, 194-5;
Emiliani, C, 195^; Hanna, G. D. , 1952; Holzman,
J. E., 1950; James, E. L., 1950; Lawson, A. C,
1893b; LeConte, J., 189I; Moore, D. G., 1951;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle, R., 1950; Revelle,
R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1935e,
1936d, 1936f, 1948c, 1949b, 1950e, 1951b; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941; Shepard, F. P. and
MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Stetson, H. C, 1939; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1941; Vaughan, T. W. ,
1940; Willis, B., 1900; ZoBell, C. E., 1946-1947

Plutonic Rocks (See also: Igaeous Rock, Rock): Cohee, G.
V., 1938

Pocket or Bayhead Beach (See also: Beach and Nearshore,

Cuspate Forelands): Beach Erosion Board, 19h8h;
Brant, I., 1925; California, University of, 1954b;
Congressional Documents, 1953b; Davis, W. M.,
1925; Handin, J. W., 19^9; Inman, D. L., 1953a;
Krumbein, W. C-, 191+7; Norris, R. M., 1951; Peel,
K. P., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1950g; Smith, W. D.,
1933c; Stevenson, R. E., 195^

Pollution (See also: Bacteria, Eh, Hydrogen Sulfide, Reducing
or Anaerobic Environment, Stagnant Water ):
Anonymous, 194lb, 1950c, 1950f; Aldrich, L. and
Smith, H. G., 1948; Alexander, A. H., 1936; Allen,
W. E., 1928a; Beach Erosion Board, 1948h, 1948i,
1953a; Blackman, J. W. B., 1936; Butler, M. M.,
1936; California Bureau of Sanitary Engineering,
19^3, 1952; California Department of Fish and Game,
1951; California Department of Public Works, 1951,
1951a; California Legislature, 1949, 1951;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

97

California, University of, 1951a, 1951b, 1953b;
California Water Pollution Control Board, 1952;
Congressional Documents, 1936, 1953b; Connell,
C. H. and Cross, J. B., 1950; Crooke, R. C,
Elvitsky, A. W. , et al, 1953; Dickey, L. K. ,
1936; Dill, R. F., 1949; Eddy, H. P., Hyde,

C. G., Kennedy, C. C. and Reynolds, L. B., 1936;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Fox,

D. L., 1950; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and
Corcoran, E. F. , 1952; Friedman, S. L., 1949;
Gillespie, C. G., 1936; Griffin, D. F., 1944;
Hall, T., 19^3; Hjelte, G. , 1938; Horonjeff,
R. and Patrick, D. A., 1952; Hyde, C. G., Gray,
H. F. and Rawn, A. M., 194l;' Johnson, A. G.,
19l+0c, 1951; Lamport, H. B., 1937; Larsen, G.

»P., 1944a, 1946; Los Angeles Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952; MacGinitie, G. E.,
1927, 1935; Means, T. H., 1928; Metcalf and
Eddy, 1944; Miller, H. E. and Nusbaum, I., 1952;
Miller, R. C, Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L.,
1928; Mills, B., 1932a; Moberg, E. G., 1928c;
Moffitt, J. and Orr, R. T., 1938; Moore, D. G.,
1951; Morrison, R. L., 1930; Nicholls, C. P.
L., 1936a, 1936c; Rawn, A. M. and Bowerman, F.
R., 1951; Rice, E. K., 1951; San Diego Regional
Water Pollution Control Board, 1952; Schneider,
W. A., 195U; Shaw> P. A. and Towers, C. L., 1937;
Shuler, W. R., 1951; U. S. Navy, 1948; ZoBell,

C. E., 1947c, 19^7d; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson,

D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, C. E., and Feltham, C. B.,
1942

Porosity: Anonymous, 1938a; Congressional Documents, 1938a,
1940a; Emery, K. 0., 1945a; Emery, K. 0. and
Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1952; Krumbein, W. C, 1942, 191+7, 1950;
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Shepard, F.
P., 19^9d; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; ZoBell, G.
E., 19^7d, 1950

Potassium: Evans, R. D., Kipp, A. F. and Moberg, E. G.,
1938; Galliher, E. W. , 1935a, 1935c; Kelley,
W. P. and Liebig, G.- F. , Jr., 1934; Lipman, C.
B., 1929; McEwen, G. F., 1934a; McKee, E. D.,
1953; Revelle, R., 194l; Revelle, R. and Emery,
K. 0., 1951; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J.,
1932; Traek, P. D. , 1939; Vaughan, T. W. , 1940;
ZoBell, C. E., 1942b

Pot Holes - see Minor Features, Rocky Coasts

Precipitation of Sediments (See also: Colloids, various

precipitated sediments): Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1942; Evans, R. D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G. ,
1938; Fox, D. L., 1950; Galliher, E. W. , 1933;
Gee, H., 1932; Goldberg, E. D., 1951*; Krumbein,
W. C, 1942; Lowenstam, H. A., 1954; McEwen, G.
F., 1934a; Plggot, C. S., 1944; Revelle, R.,
1935, 1937a, 1937b, 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery,
K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Fleming, R. H.,
1934; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953e;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1938a, 1940d, 1940g; Trask, P.
D., 1939; Vaughan, T. W., 1930a, 1931; ZoBell,

C. E., 1938, 1947c; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson,

D. Q., 1936

Profile of Equilibrium - see Equilibrium

Prograding - see Accretion

Promitories - see Headlands

Pteropod Ooze - (See also: Pelagic Sediments): Emery,

K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Michael, E. L., 1919;
Shepard, F. P., 1932; Vaughan, T. W. , 1940
Pumice (See also: Ash, Rock, Volcanic Rock): Goldberg,

E. D., 1954; Shaler, N. S., 1896

Pyrite (See also: Iron, Iron Sulfides, "Sporbo", Sulfur):

Beach Erosion Board, 1953c; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Dill,
R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952; Galliher, E. W. , 1932b; Hoots, H. W., Blount,
A. L. and Jonea, P. H., 1935 (pyritized Foraminfera);

k Krumbein, W. C, 1942 (pyritization); Revelle,
R., 1950; Wright, R., 1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1939,
1946b, 1947c, 1947d

Quartzite (See also: Metamorphic Rocks, Rocks): Butcher,

tW. S., 1951a; Clements, T. and Dana, S. W.,
1944; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1945; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Hanna, G. D.,

1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Shepard, F. P., 1938e;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shumway,
G. A., 1953; Uchupi, E., 1954
Quarternary: Ashley, G. H., 1931; Cohee, G. V., 1938;

Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Hubbs,
C. L., 1948; LeConte, J., I89I; Nelson, R. N.
and Schenck, H. G. , 1928; Shepard, F. P., 1938f,
1950e; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond,
E. C, 1941; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Trask, P. D. , 1950

Radiation: Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M. , 1930; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.
S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950; Coe, W. R.,
1948; Cummings, N. W., 1950; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R., 1939;
Graham, H. W. and Moberg, E. G., 1944; LaFond,
E. C, 1939a; Leipper, D. F. , 1947; McEwen, G.
F., 1916, 1919a, 1929, 1930a, 1930c, 1933, 1934a,
1934b, 1934d, 1936, 1937b, 1937c, I937d, 1937-1938;
Moberg, E. G., 1928a, 1930c; Neiburger, M., 1948;
Richardson, B., 1930, 1935; Sverdrup, H. U.,
1938a, 1939c, 1944b; Tibby, R. B., 194l; Vaughan,
T. W., 1930b, 1932c

Radioactivity including Radioactive elements: Anonymous,

1950; Devaputra, D. , Thompson, T. G. and Utterback,

C. L., 1932; Evans, R. D., 1934; Evans, R. D.,
Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G. , 1938; Goldberg, E.
D., 1954; Goldberg, E. D. , Baker, M. and Fox, D.
L., 1952; Havemann, H., 1952; Karlik, B., Foyn,
E., Petterson, H. and Rona, E., 1939; Lowenstam,
H. A., 1954; McEwen, G. F., 1934a; Piggot, C.
S., 1932, 1944; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, Wm. D.,
1942; Revelle, R., 1935; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953e; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940e;
Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Urry,
W. D., 1940, 1948; Urry, W. D. and Piggot, C. S.,
1942; Vaughan, T. W., 1935a; Vaughan, T. W. and
others, 1937; Woollard, G. P. (chairman), 1951;
ZoBell, c. E., 1947d, 1950

Radiolarian Ooze and Radiolaria (Also see: Pelagic Sediments):
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Michael, E.
L., 1919; Revelle, R., 1935; Shumway, G. A., 1953;
Topp, E. P., 1929; Vaughan, T. W., 1940

Radium - see Radioactivity

Radon - see Radioactivity

Rafting (See also: Floating of Sediments): Brooks, C. W.,
1875; Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938b; Davidson,
1873a, l8T3b; Davis, H., 1872; Emery, K. 0.,
194lc, 1950d, 1952a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 194-5; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194-1; Ewing, G. C, 1950c; Fox,

D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952;
Haase, L. G. , 1926; Hanna, G. D., 1951, 1952;
Ludwick, J. C., Jr., 1950; Shaler, N. S., 1896;
Shepard, F. P., 1932, 194la, 1948c, 1949b, 1949<i,
1951b, 1951d; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G.
A., 1938; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Wooster, W. S.,
1952

Raised Beaches (See also: Terraces): Griggs, A. B. and
Wells, F. G., 1942; Trask, P. D., 1931b

Recreation: Anonymous, 1938a, 1938b, 1940b, 194lb, 1954b;
Beach Erosion Board, 1948h, 1948i, 1954a, 1954c;
Brown, E. I., 1939; Butler, M. M., 1936;
California Legislature, 1931b; California Bureau
of Sanitary Engineering, 1952; Chace, B. W. ,
1953; Congressional Documents, 1938a, 1940e, 194l,
1949b, 1949d, 1949f, 1949-1950b, 1953b; Erickson,
C. E., 1952, 1953; Friedman, S. L., 1949;
Gillespie, C. G., 1936; Griffin, D. F. , 1944;
Hall, W. C, 1942; Hannum, G. W. T., 1944, 1947;
Hjelte, G., 1938; Lamport, H. B., 1937; Larsen,
G. P., 1941, 1942a, 1946; Leeds, C. T., 1946;
Los Angeles County Regional Planning Commission,
1940, 1946; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936b, 1936c, 1939,
1941; Nicholson, G. F. , Grant, U. S. , Shepard,
F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; O'Brien, M. P.,
1939; Orange County Planning Commission, 194-1;
Place, J. L., 1952; Postel, A. C, 1939; Pyles,

E. E., 1954; San Diego Regional Water Pollution

98

Special Report 44

Control Board, 1952; Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952;
Smith, J. S., 1937; Stapleton, C. R., 1952;
Woodson, J. B., 194l

Recrystalization; Krumbein, W. C, 1942

Red Clay (See also: Clay, Color of Sediments, Limonite,

Pelagic Sediments): Dietz, R. S., 1952a; Dill,
R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1954b; Emery, K. 0.
and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Goldberg, E. D. , 1954;
Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F. , 1949;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1946; Michael, E. L., 1919;
Piggot, C. S., 1932, 19^; Piggot, C. S. and Urry,
W. D., 1942; Revelle, R., 1935, 1937b; Rittenberg,
S. C, 191+0; Shepard, F. P., 194la; Shepard, F.
P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939;
Shepherd, E. S., 1940, 1946; Shumway, G. A.,
1953; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a; Urry, W. D., 1948;
Urry, W. D. and Piggot, C. S., 1942; Vaughan, T.
W., 1940

Red Sand (See also: Color of Sediments, Limonite): Alden,
J., I856; Bache, A. D. , 1852, 1856a; Crooke, R.
C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Moore, D. G.,
1951

Red Sediments (See also: Color of Sediments, Irox Oxides
and Hydroxides, Limonite, Red Clay, Red Sand):
Gorsline, D. S., 1954

Reducing or Anaerobic Environment (See also: Bacteria, Eh,

Hydrogen Sulfide, Stagnant Conditions): Cartwright,
L. D., Jr., 1928; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K.
0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Fox, D. L., 194i»a;
Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D.,
1944; Galliher, E. W., 1933, 1935a, 1935c; Gee,
H., 1932; Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Louderback, G.
D., I9I+O; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Moberg, E. G.,
Fleming, R. H., Heusner, K. and Revelle, R., 1937;
Piggot, C. S., 1932, 1944; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939b; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953e; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Trask, P. D., 1939;
ZoBell, C. E., 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1942b, 19^3,
1944, 1946b, 1947c, 1950; ZoBell, C. E. and
Anderson, D. Q. , 1936; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C.
W. and Haas, H. F., 1943

Reducing Capacity, Power or Intensity (See also: Eh): Trask,
P., 1939; ZoBell, C. E., 1936, 1939, 1942b, 1944;
ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson, D. Q., 1936

Red Water, Yellow Water etc. (See also: Dinoflagellates,
Mass Mortality, Turbid Water) : Anonymous, 1943;
Allen, W. E., 1921c, 1921d, 1921e, 1927c, 1928b,
1928c, 1933b, 1935, 1937a, 1938c, 191+Ob, 1940d,
19lHc, 1943, 1946a, 1946b; Bonnot, P. and Phillips,
J. B., 1938; Brongersma -Sander s, M. , 1948; Connell,
C. H. and Cross, J. B., 1950; Cupp, E. E., 1943;
Dawson, E. Y., 1951; Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Kniffen,
F. B., 1932; Kofoid, C. A., 1911; Michael, E. L.,
1911; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1914-lj Nightingale, H. W., 1937; Osorio
Tafall, B. F., 1943; Pinckard, J. H., Kittredge,
J. S., Fox, D. L., Haxo, F. T. and Zechmeister, L.,
1953; Revelle, R., 1950; Ritter, W. E., 1902;
Sommer, H. and Clark, F. N., 1946; Streets, T. H.,
1878; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1941; Tanner,
Z. L., I896; Torrey, H. B., 1902; U. S. Hydro-
graphic Office, 1875; ZoBell, C. E., 1947c

Reefs including Coral Reefs (See also: Corals): Atwill,
E. R., 1942; Blake, W. P., 1856; Daly, R. A.,
1934; Dietz, R. S., Menard, H. W., and Hamilton,

E. L., 1954; Fewkes, J. W., 1889; Fox, L. S.,
1930; Heck, N. H., 1926; Hertlein, L. G. and
Emerson, W. K. , 1953; Kindle, E. M., 1934;
Krumbein, W. C, 1947; Pease, W. H., 1868;
Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1936c, 1941a, 1948, 1949^,
1949d, 1949e (atoll), 1950c, 1950g, 1952a (atoll);
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard.

F. P. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Smith, P. A.,. 1940
(atoll); Smith, W. D., 1933c; Vaughan, T. W.,
1931, 1940; White, D., 1911

Reflection (See also: Light Reflection off Sea Water, Wave
Refraction): Neiburger, M. , 1948

Refraction - see Light, Wave Refraction

Regeneration (See also: Diagenesis, Nutrients, Solution and
various diagenetic processes related to regenera-
tion): California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Scrippe Institution of
Oceanography of the University of California, and
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1951a; Dietz,

R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Fleming,
R. H., 1939a; Holzman, J. E., 1950 (resolution);
Koczy, F. F., 1954 (resolution); Michael, E. L.,
1921
Replacement (See also: Diagenesis): Krumbein, W. C, 1942
Residual Sediments (See also: Gravel, i.e. lag gravel):

Emery, K. 0., 1947b, 1952a; Handin, J. rf., 1951;
Shepard, F. P., 1940c
Retrograding, Retrogradation - see Beach Erosion
Reworking of Sediments (See also: Nondeposition, Winnowing
of Sediments): Crouch, R. W., 1954; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Holzman,
J. B., 1950; Shepard, F. P., 194la
Rhyolite (See also: Igneous Rock, Rock): Chester-man, C. W.,
1952; Emery, K. 0., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1945; Norris, R. M., 1951; Shum-
way, G. A., 1953
Ridges (See also: Beach. Ridge) : Allen, 7. E., 1945; Bates,
C. C. and Glenn, A. H., 1948; Blake, W. P., 1856;
Bucher, W. H., 1939, 1940; Burt, W. V. and Saur,
J. F. T., Jr., 1948; Buwalda, J. P., 1948; Colbert,
L. 0., 1939; Crowell, J. C-, 1952; Davidson,
G., 1856, I887, 1897; Davis, W. M., 1933; Dietz,
R. S., Menard, H. W. and Hamilton, E. L., 1954;
Dunkle, M. B., 1950; Eardley, A. J., 1954; Emery,
K. 0., 1950a, 1954a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emiliani
C. and Epstein, S., 1953; Emmonds, S. F. and
Merrill, G. P., 1894; Galliher, E. W., 1933; Gor-
sline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F.
P., 1940; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hertlein, L. G.
and Emerson, W. K., 1953; Hill, R. T., 1928b;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Inman, D. L., 1950; Isaacs, J. D., Schorr, S. and
Chinn, A. J., 1947; Krynine, p. D., 1937; Lawson,
A. C, 1924; Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950; MacDonald,
G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C, 1947; Menard,
H. W., 1952; Menard, H. W. and Dietz, R. S.,
1951; Menard, H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E.
L., Moore, D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M. and
Stewart, H. B., 1954; Munk, W. H., 1948; Munk,
W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1947; Norris, R. M.,
1951; Peel, K. P., 1951; Remondino, P. C, 1892;
Revelle, R., 1938, 1939*>, 1950; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1939*>; Shepard, F. P., 1932,
1937c, 1937e, 194la, 1948c, 1950e, 1952a; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194-1, 1945; Shepard, F.
P. and Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951a; Smith, W. S.
T., 1900 (also origin of ridges); Sverdrup, H.
U., 1939a, 1939b, 1940b, 1940g; Thompson, W. 0.,
1937; Trask, P. D., 1930, 1931a, 1932a, 1936, 1939;
Trask, P. D. and Hammar, H. E., 1931; Uchupi,
E., 1954; Vaughan, T. W., 1940; Veach, J. a.,
1859; Woodring, W. P., 1938a

Beach and Nearshore: Dietz, R. S., 1947b; Hall,
J. V., Jr., 1952; Hanna, M. A., 1926; Hertlein,
L. G., and Grant, U. S., 1944; Hoots, H. W.,
1943; Johnson, D. W., 1910, 1944; McKee, E. D.,
1953; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1947;
Norris, R. M., 1952; O'Brien, M. P., 1947b;
Richardson, R. W., 1923; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944g;
Shepard, F. P., 1942a, 1949a, 1950f, 1950g, 1952b;
Smith, W. D., 1933c; Thompson, W. 0., 1937
Coastal Sand Dunes; Blake, J., 1868a, 1868b (sand
barrier); Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Merriam, P. D.,
1949

Submarine Canyons : Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and
Stewart, H., 1954; Leipper, D. F., 1950; Menard,
H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Shepard, F. P.,
1948b, 1950d; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
1941
Rift Valley: Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945
Rill Marks or Rills: Bucher, W. H., 1940; Emery, K. 0. and
Foster, 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F., 1951;
Grant, U. S., 1946; Herold, C. L., 1934; McKee,
E. D., 1953; Thompson, W. 0., 1937
Rip Currents, Rip Tides, Undertow: Anonymous, 19l6a, 194la;
Arthur, R. S., 1950; Brant, I., 1925; Congress-
ional Documents, 1949f; Couch, E. B., 1915;
Crowell, J. C, 1947, 1952; Davis, W. M., 1925;
Deacon, G. E. R., 1949; Dietz, R. S., 1947b;
Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b;
Dill, R. F., 1949; Diller, J. S., 1902;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

99

I Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F.,
1951; Grant, U. S., 1943; Grant, U. S. and
Shepard, F. P., 1940; Handin, J. W., 1949;
Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 194-9; Inman,
D. L., 1950, 1953a, 1953b; Inman, D. L. and
Qulnn, W. H., 1952; Knudsen, V. 0., Alford, R.
S. and Emiling, J. W., 1948; Livingston, A.,
Jr., 1939; Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950; Munk,
W. H., 1949b; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A.,
19^5, 1947; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936a, 1936b,
1939, 19^1; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 191*6; Norris,
R. M., 1951; Putnam, J. A., Munk, W. H. and
Traylor, M. A., 1949; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1945c, 19521; Shepard, F. P.,
1936a, 1937b, 1938f, 1943b, 1947a, 1948b, 1949a,
1949b, 1950b, 1950c, 1950f, 1950g, 1951a;
Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C.,
194l; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949,
1951a; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1939,
1942; Shepard, F. P. and Sayner, D. B., 1953;
Skogsberg, T., 1936; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
19lt0, 19l*2a; Wiegel, R. L., 19l*7b

Ripple Marks: Beach Erosion Board, 1952b; Buffington, E.
C, 1951; Dietz, R. S., 195U; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W., 1951b; Emery, K. 0., 1947b, 1948,
1952h, 1953b; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L.,
1952; Herold, C. L., 1931*; Landes, K. K. ,
1952a, 1952b; Lesser, R. M., 1951; McKee, E. D.,
1939; Menard, H. W., 1952; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 19521; Shepard, F. P., 191*80,
19l*9b, 19l*9d, 1951a, 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 19^5

Beach and Near shore ; Beach Erosion Board, 1948b,
1952a, 195l*bj California, University of, 1952a,
1954a; Emery, K. 0., 1945a, 19l*5b, 1946b; Isaacs,
J. D., 1947a; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N.,
1947; Johnson, D. W., 1910; Johnson, J. W.,
1952; Lakes, A., 1903a; McKee, E. D. , 1953;
Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 191+5; Nicholson,
G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 191*6; Shepard, F. P., 1950b, 1950f;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, l§l*2a; Thompson, W.
0., 1937; Woodford, A. 0., 1935
Coastal Sand Dunes; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937

Rivers - see Streams

Rock (See also various rock types): Allen, W. E., 1939;

Andrews, H. L., 191*5; Bache, A. D., 1856c, 1859,
l864b; Bartlett, W. A., 1852; Bascom, W. N.,
1950b; Belknap, G. E., l8Tl*a; Blake, W. P.,
I856; Bruff, S. C, 191*6; Clark, A., 1933; Coe,
W. R., 191*5; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W.,
et al, 1953; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Davidson,
G., I856, 1875b; Dietz, R. S., 1952b; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19l*2; Emery,
K. 0., 194la, 1951, 1952b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Emery, K. 0. and
Gould, H., 191*8; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
19l*l, 19l*5; Everest, F. A., Young, R. W. and
Johnson, M. W., 191*8; Fox, D. L., 1950; Fraser,
C. McL., 191*3; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K.
L., 1950; Glslen, T., 1943, 191*1*; Hanna, G. D.,
1951; Hansen, H. A. and Pemberton, J. R., 1950;
Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission,
1930; Inman, D. L., 1949; Johnson, M. W., Everest,
F. A. and Young, R. W. , 1947; Lawson, J. S. , 1862;
Lawton, C. H., 1936; Leypoldt, H., 19l*la;
Louderback, G. D., 1924, 191*0, 1951; Menard, H.
W., 1952; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1951;
Michael, E. L. and McEwen, G. F., 1915; Morrison,
R. L., 1930; Norris, R. M. , 1951; Purcell, G.,
191^; Revelle, R., 1939a; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939a, 1939b; Rodgers, A. F. and Bache.,
A. D., 1861*; saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950; Schupp,
R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1938d, 1948c, 1950e;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939;
Smith, A. G. and MacKenzie, G., Jr., 19l*8; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1938c, 19l*0e; Tanner, Z. L., 1892a, 189I*;
Trask, P. D., 1931b; Varney, F. M. and Redwine,
L. E., 1937; Weeks, L. G. , 1952; Williamson, R.
S. and Heuer, W. H., 1871

Banks and seamounts : Bache, A. D., 1856b; Butcher,
W. S., 1951a; Carsola, A. J. and Die-fcr, R. S.,
1952; Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 19l*7;

Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938b; Emery, K.
0., 1947c, 19l*8; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K.
0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and
Hittenberg, S. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 191*5; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L.,
1950; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Lawson, A. C, 192I*; Shepard, F. P., 1939d, 19l*0a,
19l*la, 19l*7b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
191*1, 1945; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Tanner, Z. L.,
1892a; Uchupi, E., 1951*

Basins: Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950;
Weeks, L. G., 1952

Beach and Nearshore; Anonymous, 1916a, 1938a,
1938b; Allen, W. E., 1941a; Bascom, W. N., 19l*6b,
19l*8a; Bruff, S. C, 191*6; California, University
of, 1954b; Congressional Documents, 1938a, 19l*0a,
1940c, 1949f; Davis, W. M., 1925; Emery, K. 0.,
1945b; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E., 1950
(beach rock);t Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H.,
1941 ; Kniffen, F. B., 1932; Lawton, C. H., 1936;
Norris, R. M. , 1951; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shepard,
F. P., 1950b; Trask, P. D., 1952b; Vaughan, T.
W., 1940

Continental and Insular Shelves : Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; CrouchT R. W., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 1952a;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1941, 1945; Fairbanks, H. W., 1897;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Handin, J. W., 1949;
Inman, D. L., 1950; LaFond, E. C, Dietz, R. S.
and Knauss, J. A., 1950; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
Menard, H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore,
D. G., Shymway, G., Silverman, M. and Stewart,
H. B., 1954; Moore, D. G., 1951; Norris, R. M.,
1951; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Pratt, W. E., 1947;
Putnam, W. C, 1937b; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1935e, 1939b,
1940a, 1940c, 1940e, 194la, 1949b, 1949d; Shepard,
F. P. and MacDonald, 0. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P.
and Wrath, W. F., 1937 (insular shelf)
Continental Slope : Emery, K. 0. .and Shepard, F.
P., 1945; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Shepard, F. P.,
1940c, 194la, 194lc

Submarine Canyons: Anonymous, 1939; Beach
Erosion Board, 1953c; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Crowell,
J. C, 1952; Davidson, G., 1897; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., 194la;. Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 194l, 1945; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Handin, J. W. , 1949; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph
H., 1947; Landes, K. K. , 1952a; MacDonald, G.
A., 1934; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1934b, 1934c, 1935a,
1935c, l936d, I936f, I936g, 1937b, I938e, I938f,
1939<1, 1940b, 1940d, 194la, 194lc, 1943a, 1947a,
1948b, 1948c, 1949b, 1949c, 1949e, 1951a, 1951c,
1952a, 1953; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
194l, 1945; Shepard, F. P. and Revelle, R. and
Dietz, R. S., 1939; Smith, A. G. and MacKenzie,
G., Jr., 1948; Toit, A. L. du, 1940; Vaughan,
T. W. , 1936; Woodford, A. 0., 1951
Rocky Coasts: Anonymous, 1882a, 1916a, 1932c, 1938a, 1940c,
1940d, 1949a; Alexander, C. S., 1950; Arnold,
D. and Arnold, R., 1902; Arnold, R., 1900;
Arnold, R. and Hannibal, H., 1913; Ashley, G. H.,
1895, 1931; Bailey, T. L., 1943; Barrows, A. L.,
1913; Bartlett, W. A., 1852; Bascom, W. N ,
1948a; Beach Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948a, 1948h,
19481, 1949a, 1953a, 1953c, 1954a; Blake, W. P.,
1856; Blankinship, J. W. and Keeler, C. A., 1892;
Bowers, S., 1878, I89O; Bremner, C. St. J., 1932;
Brown, E. I. 1939; Bruff, S. C, 1940, 1946;
Buwalda, J. , 1936; California, University of, 1954a;
Carpenter, F. A., 1924; cartwright, L. D., Jr.,
1928; Chase, A. W., 1875; Cleland, H. F., 1910;
Congressional Documents, 1938a, 1938c, 1940a, 1942b,
1949b, 1949f, 1953b; Couch, E. B., 1915; Crandall,
H., 1915; Davidson, G., 1856, 1864, l875a, 1897;
Davis, W. M., 1931, 1932; Davis, W. M., Putnam,
W. C. and Richards, G. L., Jr., 1931; Dietz, R.
S., 1947b; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W. , 1951b;
Diller, J. S. , 1896, 1902, 1903; Drury, N. B.,

100

Special Report 44

1936, 1938; Dunkle, M. B., 19^, 1950; Eaton,
R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0., ^lb, 19146b, 195*4a,
195^; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Emmonds, S. F. and Merrill, G. P., 18914-; Erickson,
C. E., 1952, 1953; Fairbanks, H. W., 1897, 1898,
1904; Fewkes, J. W., 1889; Friedman, S. L.,
19*49; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Gislen, T., 19^;
Goldberg, J., I9I4O; Gorsline, D. S., 1951*; Grant,
U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937, 1938b; Greenwell,
W. E., I858; Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Haase, L.
G., 1926; Hall, W. C., 19*42; Handin, J. W. ,
19^9, 1951; Hanna, G. D., 1951, 1952; Hannum,
G. W. T., I9V4, 19*47; Harts, W. W., 1911; Hawgood,
H., 19lV; Henderson, J., 1932; Hertlein, L. G.
and Grant, U. S., 1939, 19*4*4; Hewatt, W. G. , 193**;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hoover, J. W., 1932a;
Horton, D. F., 19*48; Inman, D. L., 1950, 1953a,
1953b; Isaacs, J. D., 19*+5d, 19^7a; Ives, R. L.,
1951; James, E. L., 1950; Johnson, A. G., 1935;
Johnson, C. W., 1953; Johnson, W. M., 1858; Jones,
E. L., 1918; Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933; Kew, W. S.
W., 1927; Krumbein, W. C., 19*W; Krumbein, W.
C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
19^7; Lakes, A. v 1903a, 1903b; Lange, A., 195*+;
Lawson, A. C, 1893a, 1893b, 189*4, 1895, 191^,
192*4; Laweon, J. S., 1862; Leeds, C. T., 1936;
Leonard, A. G., 1925; Leypoldt, H. , 19*4la, 19*4lb;
Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Louderback, G. D.,
19*40; MCArthur, W. P., 185O; McGee, W. J., 1900;
McLellan, M. E., 1925; MacDonald, G. A., 193**;
MacDonald, G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C.,
19^7; MacGinitie, G. E., 1939; Masters, P.,
181*0; Moore, D. G., 1951; Morgan, F. A., 1930;
Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 19**7; Nicholson,
G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 19*46; Norris, R. M. , 19*+9, 1951, 1952;
O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1936b, 1939; Orr, P. C,
1952; Page, G. B., 1950; Paguirigan, F. , 19*H;
Pardee, J. T., 193**; Peel, K. P., 1951; Place,
J. L., 1952; Poss, E. G., 1937; Price, F., 1936;
Putnam, W. C., 1937b, 1938, 1937c; Reed, R. D. ,
1930a; Reiche, P., 1937; Remondino, P. C,
1892; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Richardson, R. W. , 1923; Sanchez, P. C., 193**e;
Schupp, R. D., 1953; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 19*45b; Shaler, N. S., 1895;
Shepard, F. P., 1936e, 19*4la, 19*43b, 1950b, 1950c,
1950e, 1950g; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
19*H; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond,
E. C, 19*41; Shepard, F. P. and Grant, U. S.,
19^7; Shepard, F. P., Grant, U. S. and Dietz,
R. S., 1939; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L.,
19*49, 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C,
19*42; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F. , 1937;
Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952; Smith, W. D., 1930,
1933a, 1933b, 1933c; Smith, W. S. T., 1897, 1898,
1900; Snavely, P. D., Jr., 1951; Spencer, J. W.,
1897; Stevenson, R. E., 195*4; Stock, C, 1936;
Swinnerton, A. C, 1927; Symons, T. W., 1893;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Tower, M. L., 1910; Trask,
P. D., 1952a, 1952b; Trowbridge, W. P., 1856b;
Twenhofel, W. H., 19**3; Upson, J. E., 1951;
Vaughan, T. W., 1930a, 1930b, 1930c, 1931, 1932d;
Walters, L., 1953; Wanless, H. R., 1950; Wheeler,
G., 1936; Whitney, J. D., 1865; Williams, W.,
19lt8; Willis, B., 1900; Wilson, M. E., 1907;
Winsted, H. L., 1913; Wittich, E., 1920; Yates,
L. G., 1890a, 1890b, 1902

Rocky Headlands - see Headlands

Roundness - see Shape and Roundness

Rubidium: Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932

Saddles (See also: Divides): Dietz, R. S., Menard, H. W.,

and Hamilton, E. L., 195**; Emery, K. 0., 1952;

Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950;

Gorsline, D. G. , 195^+; Holzman, J. E., 1950;

Revelle, R., 1938; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.

P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 19*4la; Shepard, F.

P. and Emery, K. 0., 19**1, 19**5; Shepard, F. P.,

Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939; Uchupi, E.,

195**
Salinity (See also: Water Masses, Water [Types ) : Anonymous,

1925, 1929b, 1933a, 1933b, 1951c; Ahlstrom, E.

H., 1950; Allen, W. E., 1920, 1923a, 1927b, 1928a,

1928b, 1928c, 1930a, 1930b, 19l+6a; Bandy, 0. L.,

1953a; Barrows, A. L., 1917; Bartsch,'P., 1921a,
1921b; Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930;
Buley, H. M., 1929; Bullock, F. W. , 1933; Calif-
ornia Academy of Sciences, California Division of
Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
of the University of California, and U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951a, 1951b; Calif-
ornia Academy of Sciences, California Division of
Fish and Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine
Station, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South
Pacific Fishery Investigation, University of Calif-
ornia, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952,
1953; California Department of Public Works,
1951a; California, University of, 1929; Chambers,
S. W., 1930; Clark, K. B., 193*4; Coe, W. R.,
I9I48; Connell, C. H. and Cross, J. B., 1950;
Couch, R. W., 1951; Crooke, R. C, Elvitski, A.
W. et al, 1953; Dall, W. H., 1911; Dapples, E.

C. 19*42; Defant, A., 1950b; Dietz, R. S., 1953;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
191*2; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dorman, H. P., 1927a,
1927b; Dyk, K. and Swainson, 0. W., 1953; Elliott,

F. E., Tressler, W. L. and Myers, W. H., 1953;
Emery, K. 0., 1953a (bottom), 195*4d (bottom);
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C., 1952 (bottom);
Emiliani, C, 195*4; Ennis, C. C, 193*4; Epstein,
S. and Mayeda, T. , 1953; Ester ly, C. 0., 1928b;
Evans, R. D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G. , 1938;
Fleming, J. A., Sverdrup, H. U. , Ennis, C. C,
Seaton, S. L. and Hendrix, W. C, 19*+5; Fleming,
R. H., 1939b, 19*40b, 19*42; Fleming, R. H., Moberg,
E. G. and Revelle, R., 1937a, 1937b; Fox, D. B.,
1929; Fraser, C, 1928; Gilbert, G. K., 1917;
Gilbert, J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 19**3; Gislen, T.,
19**3, 19*4*4; Goldberg, E. D., 195*4; Gorsline, D.
S., 195*+; Gorton, A. F., 1930a; Graham, H. W.,
1931*, 19*4la, 19l4lb; Gutenberg, B., 19*4lb; Harvey,

D. R., 1928; Heck, N. H. and Service, J., 1926;
Hewatt, W. G. , 1937; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Holway,
R. S., 1905; Horanjeff, R. and Patrick, D. A.,
1952; Horrer, P. 1., 19*48a; Jacobs, W. C, 1939,
19^9; Jarvis, C. S., 1921; Kempkey, A., 1935;
Kindle, E. M., 193*4; Kniffen, F. B., 1932; Krum-
bein, W'. C, 19*42; LaFond, E. C., 1939a; Leslie,
M., 1928; Leaser, R. M. , 1951; Louderback, G. D.,
1924, 19I4O; Lowenstam, H. A., 195*4; McClendon,
J. F., Gault, C. C. and Mulholland, S., 1917;
McDonald, J. A. and Dieker, P. L., 1930; McEwen,

G. F., 1916, 1919a, 1919b, 1927, 1929, 1930a,
1930c, 193*4a, 1937b, 19l40a, 1950; MacGinitie, G.
E., 1927, 1935; Mao, H., 1951; Mayor, A. G.,
1922; Means, T. H., 1931; Mears, E. G., 19**3;
Michael, E. L., 1919, 1921; Michael, E. L. and Mc-
Ewen, G. F., 1915, 1916; Miller, R. C, Ramage,
W. D., and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg, E. G. ,
1927, 1928a, 1928c, 1930a, 1930c; Moberg, E. G.
and Revelle, R., 1937; Montgomery, R. B. and
Wooster, W. S., 195*+; Munk, W. H., I9I4O; Myers,

E. H., 19143; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 19**1; O'Brien, M. P., 1935;
O'Brien, M. P. and Cherno, J., 193**; Olsson-Seffer,
P., 1910b; Orsorio Tafall, B. F. , I9I43; Packard,
E. L., 1918; Patrick, D. A., 1950; Patton, R. S.,
1930; P'ei, C, 1929; Phelps, A., 19**0; Purer,

E. A., I9I42; Revelle, R., 1950; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Richardson, B., 1932b;
Robins, T. M., 1935; San Francisco Bay Marine
Piling Committee, 1921, 1922; Sargent, M. S. and
Walker, T. J., I9I48; Saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950;
Schneider, W. A., 195**; Schott, G., 1935; Shulz,
B., 191**; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
19l49a to 19l49e, 1950a to 1950e, 1950g, 1951a to
19511, 1951k to 1951r, 1952a to 1952g; Shepard,

F. P., 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C.
19U2; Simmons, H. B., 1952; Soule, F. M., 193**,
19l4l4a; Stevenson, R. E., I95U; Stevenson, R. E.
and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Sumner, F. B., Louderback,

G. D., Schmitt, W. L. and Johnston, E. C, 191**;
Sverdrup, H. U., I93I4, 1937-1938, 1938a, 1938c, 1939«
1939b, 1939c, 19l40b, 19l40e, 19l40e, 19l40f, 19*4la,
I9I4IC, 191414a, 191414b; Sverdrup, H. U. and Allen,

W. E., 1939; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming, J. A.,
I9I4I4; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming, R. H., 19**1;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 19I4I, 19l42b, 19143a, 19*43b,
19I4I4, 19l45a, 19145b, 19*46, 19l47b; Thompson, T. G.
and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Tibby, R. B., 19**1, 19**3,

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

101

1944; Tilden, C. A., 1925; Topp, E. P., 1929;
Trask, P. D., 1932a, 1932b, 1937a; Uchupi, E.,
1954; Ufford, C. W., 1947a; U. S. Coast and
Geodetic Survey, 1946, 1950; U. S. Hydrographic
Office, 1934b; U. S. Navy, 1948; Vaughan, T. W.,
1930b, 1932a, 1932b, 1932c, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1940;
Vaughan, T. W. and Others, 1937; Weber, B. V.,
1946; Wittich, E., 19l6a; Wooster, W. S., 1952;
Young, R. T., Jr., 1939; ZoBell, C. E., 194l,
1942a, I9I46-I9U7, 1947b, 1947c; ZoBell, C. E.
and Feltham, C. B., 1934a, 1942; ZoBell, C. E.,
Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F. , 1943

Salt: Anderson, C. A., 1950; Blake, J., 1868a; Boase,

A. J., 1938; Dawson, E. Y., 1951; Emery, K. 0.
and Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Gale,
J. F., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Merrill, F. J. H.,
1915, 1917; ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 19^7d, 1950

Saltation (See also: Transport of Sediment): Emery, K. 0.,
1945b; Grant, U. S., 1943; Trask, P. D., 1952b

Salt Marsh (See also: Bay, Estuary, Harbor, Lagoon, Marsh,
Swamp, Tide Flat): Anonymous, 1940d; Anderson,
C. A., 1950; Bowman, A., 1873; Clark, W. 0.,
1915; Cook, E. H., 1908; Hinde, H. P., 1952;
MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Mendenhall, W. C, 1905;
Revelle, R., 1950; Trowbridge, W. P., 1856b;
Weaver, C. E., 1949; White, D., 1911; Wittich,
E., 19l6b

Salt Water Intrusion, Salt Water ■ Encroachment : Anonymous,

1929b, 1933a, 1933b, 1936; Arnold, C. E., Hedger,
H. E., Rawn, A. M., 19^-9;. Banks, H. 0., Bookman,
M., 1951; Banks, H. 0., Gleason, G. B. and
Richter, R. C., 1950; Banks, H. 0. and Lawrence,
J. H., 1953; Banks, H. 0. and Richter, R. C,
1953; Beardslee, C. G., 1942a, 1942b; California
Legislature, 1931a, 1947; California Department
of Public Works, 1932a, 1932b, 1933, 195O, 1951,
1951d, 1952, 1952a, 1952b, 1952c, 1952d, 1952e;
California, University of, 1951a, 1952b; Clark,
W. 0., 1915; Congressional Documents, 1929, 1934a,
1949c, 1950a, 1953a; Eldredge, Z. S. and Molera,
E. J., 1909; Freeman, J. R., 1912; Garrett, A.
A., 1948-1949, 1951; Gregor, H. F., 1952; Hyatt,
E., 1933, 193^, 1935; Inman, D. L., 1949; Isaacs,
J. D. and Bascom, W. N. , 1949; Jarvis, C. S.,
1921, 1936; Kempkey, A., 1935; Laverty, F. B.,
1952; Laverty, F. B., Jordan, L. W. and van der
Goot, H. A., 1951; Lawson, A. C, 1914; Lee,
C. H., 19^1; Los Angeles County Flood Control
District, 1950; Means, T. H., 1£28, 1929, 1931;
O'Brien, M. P., 1931, 1935; O'Brien, M. P. and
Cherno, J., 1934; Patrick, D. A., 1950; Peel,
K. P., 1951; Pentegoff, V. P., 1947; Pierce,
J. W. , 1948; Piper, A. M., Garrett, A. A. and
Others, 1953; Piper, A. M. and Poland, J. F.,
1945; Poland, J. F., 1943, 1947, 195O; Poland,
J. F., Garnett, A. A. and Mann, J. F., 1948;
Poland, J. F., Garnett, A. A. and Sinnott, A.,
1948; Poland, J. F. and others, 1946; Revelle,
R., 194l; Rhodes, A. D., 1951; Robertson, R.
R., 1942; Robins, T. M., 1935; Shuler, W. R.,
1951J Simmons, H. B., 1952; Simpson, T. R.,
1946; Streiff, A., 1936; Thomasson, H. G., Jr.,
1951; Todd, D. K., 1952, 1953; Tolman, C. F.
and Poland, J. F., 1940; Upson, J. E. and Others,
1951; Upson, J. E. and Thomasson, H. G., Jr.,
1951; U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1931; U.
S. Department of Interior, 1927; Wade, J. A. and
Brown, K. W., 1934; Worts, G. F. and Others,
1951; Young, W. R., 1929; Zander, G. and Gleason,
G. B., 1947

Sand (See also: Coastal Sand Dunes, Graded Bedding, Sand
Layers): Anonymous, 1906a; Agassiz, A., 1905;
Alden, J., 1856 (Specks of red sand on bar at
entrance to San Francisco Bay); Anderson, C. A.,
194l ; Andrews, H. L., 1945; Arnold, D. and
Arnold, R., 1902; Arnold, J. L., 1928; Bache,
A. D., I852, 1856a (See - Alden, J., 1856 above);
Belknap, G. E., 1874a; Bruff, S. C., 1946; Buck,
CD., 1928; California Department of Fish and
Game, 1951; California Department of Public
Health, 1951; California, University of, 1946a,
1954a; Chace, B. W., 1953; Coe, W. R., 1945;
Collins, L. B., 1931; Congressional Documents,
1880a; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953;

Dapples, E. C, 1942; Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K.
0., 1938a; Dunham, J. W., 1951; Eldridge, Z. S.
and Molera, E. J., 1909; Emery, K. 0., 194lb,
1950d, 1952b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1941 ; Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H.,
1948; Fox, D. L., 1950; Fox, D. L., Crane, S.
C. and McConnaughey, B. H., 1948; Fox, D. L.,
Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Fox,
L. S., 1930; Fraser, C. McL., 1943; Galliher,
E. W., 1935a, 1935c, 1939; Gisl£n, T., 1943;
Gorsline, D. S., 195^; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Harding, C. R., 1929;
Hoots, H. W., 1943; Hoover-Young San Francisco
Bay Bridge Commission, 1930; Inman, D. L., 1949,
1950; Johnson, M. W. , 1948; Johnson, M. W.,
Everest, F. A. and Young, R. W. , 1947; Kindle,

E. M. , 193^; Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard, H. W.,
1952; Lesser, R. M., 1951; Louderback, G. D.,
1920, 1924, 1940, 1951; McKee, E. D., 1939;
MacGinitie, G. E., 1927, 1935; Martin, L. T.,
1935; Menard, H. W., 1952; Michael, E. L. and
McEwen, G. F., 1915; Moberg, E. G., Fleming,
R. H., Heusner, K. and Revelle, R., 1937;
Morrison, R. L., 1930; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Packard, E. L., 1918; Pease, W. H., 1868; Revelle,
R., 1938, 1939a, 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery,

K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939a, 1939b; San Diego Regional Water Pollution
Control Board, 1952; Saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950;
Scheffauer, F. C, 1927; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 19521;
Shepard, F. P., 194la, 1950c; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 19^5; Shepard, F. P. and inman, D.
L., 1951b; Sherzer, W. F. , 1910; Sisler, F. P.
and ZoBell, c. E., 1950; Smith, A. G. and
MacKenzie, G., Jr., 1948; Soper, E. K. , 1938;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sumner, F. B., Louderback,
G. D., Schmitt, W. L. and Johnson, E. C, 19l4;
Tanner, Z. L., 1892a; Trask, P. D., 1931a, 1931b,
1934, 1936, 1939, 1950, 1952a; Trask, P. D. and
Rolston, J. W., 1950a, 1950b; Woodring, W. P.,
1938a; ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1943, 1946-1947,
1947b, 19^7d; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B.,
19^2; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H.
F., 1943

Abyssal: Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952;
Revelle, R., 1935; Shepard, F. P., 1949d, 1950a;
Tanner, Z. L., 1892b; Urry, W. D. and Plggot, C.
S., 19^2

Bank and Seamount: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola,
A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Dietz, R. S. and
Emery, K. 0., 1938a, 1938b; Emery, K. 0., 1947c,
1948; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
GarriBon, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L-, 1950;
Hanna, G. D., 1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Shepard,

F. P., 1938f, 194la; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 1941, 1945; Uchupi, E., 1954

Basin: Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1951,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^5;
Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Grim,
R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949;
Ludwick, J. C., Jr., 1950; phleger, F. B., 1951}
Revelle, R., 1939b; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
B., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1939d, 1940a, 1948c,
1951b; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R.
S., 1939; Weeks, L. G., 1952

Beach and Nearshore: Anonymous, l882c, l894a, 1915,
1917, 1935, 1938a, 1938b, 1940b, 1940d, 194lb,
1949a, 1949c, 1950a, 1950b, 1950d, 1950e, 1954m;
Allen, W. E., 1935; Anderson, C. A., 1950;
Anderson, F. M. , 1896-1902; Anderson, G. E.,
1926; Arnold, J. L., 1928; Averill, C. V., 194l;
Aver ill, C. V. and Others, 1946; Bartlett, W. A.,
1852; Bascom, w. N. , 1947c, 19^, 1950c, 1951;
Bascom, W. N. , Wiegel, R. L., and Chinn, A. J.,
1948; Beach Erosion Board, 1948a, 1948b, 1948h,
1948J, 1949a, 1951, 1952a, 1952b, 1953a, 1953b,
1953c, 1954b, 1954c; Blake, W. P., 1853, 1856";
Boos, M. F., 1940; Bowman, A., 1873; Branner,
J. C, 1900; Brown, E. I., 1939; Bruff, S. C,
1946; Bullard, F. M. and Mills, R. A., 1951;

102

Special Report 44

California, University of, 1945, 1952a, 1952b, 1952c,
1952a, 1953a, 1953b, 1954b; Carpenter, E. J. and
Storie, R. E., 1929; Carpenter, F. A., 1924;
Clark, A., 1933; Coe, W. R., 1945, 19^7, 1948,
1953; Coe, W. R. and Fox, D. L., 194-2; Congress-
ional Documents, 1938a, 1940a, 191+Oc, 194l, 1949b,
1953b; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Dasher, J., Fraae,
F. and Gabriel, A., 1942; Davidson, G., 1864,
1873c; Davis, W. M., 1932, 1933; Day, D. T., 1899;
Day, D. T. and Richards, R. H., 1906; Diller, J.
S., 1902; Drury, N. B., 1936; Edman, J. A., 1894;
Einstein, H. A., 1951; Emery, K. 0., 1944, 1945a,
1945b, 1946b, 1950d, 1952a, 1954b; Emery, K. 0.
and Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Ritten-
berg, S. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson,
R. E., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l;
Fisher, R. L. and Mills, R., 1952; Fox, D. L.,
1950; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran, E.
F., 1952; Fraser, C. McL., 19^3; Galliher, E.
W., 1935b; Goodyear, W. A., 1873; Gorsline, D.
S., 1954; Grant, U. S., 1943, 1948; Grant, U. S.
and Shepard, F. P., 1937, 1938a, 1940, 1946; Grant,
U. S. and Sheppard, W. E., 1939; Griggs, A. B.
and Wells, F. G., 1942; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952;
Hall, W. C, 1938; Handin, J. W., 1949; Handin,
J. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1949; Hanna, M. A.,
1926; Hannum, G. W. T. , 1947; Hawgood, H., 19l4;
Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953a, 1953b; Irvine, C. D.,
1908; Isaacs, J. D., 1945b, 1945c, 1945<1, 19451,
19^5j, 1945k, 1945m, 1947a; Isaacs, J. D. and
Bascom, W. N., 1947; Ives, R. L., 1951; Johnson,
A. G., 1935; Johnson, D. W., 1910; Johnson, J. W.,
1952; Johnson, M. W., 1939b; Johnson, W. M.,
1856; Jones, E. L., 19l8; Keller, W. D., 1945;
Kindle, E. M., 1934; Kniffen, F. B., 1932;
Krumbein, W. C, 1947; LaFond, E. C, 1938, 1939b;
Lakes, A., 1899; Lapsley, W. W. , 1937; Lawson,
A. C, 1893a, 1894, I895; Lawton, C. H., 1936;
Leeds, C. T., 1936; Leypoldt, H., 194la; Lindsay,
D. R., 1952; Los Angeles County Regional Planning
Commission, 1940; Louderback, G. D., 1940;
Lowell, F. L. L., 1915a, 1915b; McAfee, C. M.,
Jr., 1939; McConnaughey, B. H. and Fox, D. L.,
1949; McEwen, G. F., 1935b; MacDonald, G. A.,
1934; MacDonald, G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox,
D. C, 1947; MacGinitie, G.E., 1939; Marlette,
J. W., 1954; Mason, E. H., 1930; Mason, M. A.,
1942, 1950b; Messner, W. E., 1954; Kelson, J.
W., Dean, W. C, Kocher, A. E. , Watson, E. B.,
and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Nelson, J. W. , Zinn,
C. J., Strahorn, A. T., Watson, E. B. and Dunn,
J. E., 1919; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C., 1946; Norris,
R. M., 1951, 1952; O'Brien; M. P., 1936b, 1939,
1945b; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a; Orange County
Planning Commission, 1941; Page, G. B., 1950;
Paguirigan, F., 1941; Palmer, R. H., 1928;
Patrick, D. A., 1953; Purer, E. A., 1942; Putnam,
J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1949;
Putnam, W. C, 1938; Paul, A. B., 1894; Rechnitzer,
A. B., 1952; Reed, R. D., 1930b; Revelle, R. and
Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939b; Rolland, M. C, 1952; Sanford, J. J.,
1908; Schaufele, H. J., 1951; Schupp, R. D.,
1953; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953c,
1953f; Sears, C. B., 1876; Shalevetz, S., 1952;
Shepard, F. P., 1936a, 1938g, 19^1a, 1943b, 1949a,
1950b, 1950c, 1950f, 1950g, 1951b, 1952a; Shepard,
F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C, 194l;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951a, 1951b;
Shepard, F. P., Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L.,
1951 ; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1940,
1942; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Sherzer, W. H., 1910; Sinnott, A., 194l; Smith,
A. G. and MacKenzie, G. , Jr., 1948; Smith, W. D.,
1933b, 1933c; Smith, W. S. T., 1897, 1898; Somers,
P., 1952; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Storie, R. E.
and Carpenter, E. J., 1929, 1930; Sverdrup, H. U.,
1936; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l; Thompson,
W. F. and Thompson, J. B., 1919; Thompson, W. 0.,
1933, 1934, 1937; Tower, M. L., 1910, 1913; Trask,
P. D., 1924, 1952a, 1952b; Trask, P. D. and Scott,
T., 1954; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943, 1946; Vaughan,
T. W., 1940; Walker, B. W., 1947; Walters, L.,
1953; Washburne, C. W., 1904; Whitney, J. D., 1865;

Whittemore, G. F., 1928; Wiegel, R. L., 1947b;
Woodford, A. 0., 1935; ZoBell, C. E. and Ritten-
berg, S. C, 1938; Zodac, P., 1952
Continental and Insular Shelves : Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Cohee, G. V., 19W; Crouch, R. W. , 1954;
Davidson, G., 1897; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, H. W. and Menard,
H. W., 1951b; Emery, K. 0., 1947c; Fairbanks,
H. W., 1897; Fisher, R. L. and Mills, R., 1952;
Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Handin, J. W., 1949;
Hanna, G. D., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1950; LaFond,

E. C, Dietz, R. S. and Knauss, J. A., 1950;
MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Marlette, J. W., 1954;
Menard, H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore,
D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M., Stewart, H. B.,
1954 (insular shelf); Moore, D. G., 1951; Norris,
R. M., 1951; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 19521; Shepard, F. P., 1932,
1934a, 1939b, 1949b, 1949d; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 1945; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D.
L., 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937
(insular shelf); Thompson, w. C, 1949; Udden,

J. A., 1914

Continental Slope: Udden, J. A. , 19l4
Submarine Canyons: Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congress-
ional Documents, 1953b; Davidson, G., 1887, 1897;
Davis, W. M., 1933; Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K.
0., 1938a; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart,
H., 1952, 1954; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Fisher, F. L.
and Mills, R., 1952; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S.
and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Handin, J. W. , 1949;
Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph H., 1947; Lud-
wick, J. C, Jr., 1950; Marlette, J. W., 1954;
Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1951; Phleger,

F. B., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 19521;
Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933c, 1934a, 1938a, 1939^,
194la, 1948b, 1949e, 1950a, 1950d, 1950g, 1951a,
1953; Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard',

F. P. and Inaan, D. L., 1949; Shepard, F. P.
and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939; Shepard, F.
P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937;
Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Sand Layers: i.e., in basins and submarine canyons: Crouch,
R. W., 1954; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart,
H., 1954; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1951, 1952; Ludwick, J. C,, Jr., 1950; Phleger,
F. B., 1951; Revelle, R., 1939a; Shepard, F. P.,
1950a, 1951a, 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 1941

Sandstone (See also: Rock, Sedimentary Rocks ) : Blake, J.,
1868b; Butcher, W. S., 1951a, 1952a; Chesterman,

C. W., 1952; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Davidson, G-,
1875a; Emery, K. 0., 194lb, 194lc, 1945a, 1946b,
1952a; Emery, K. O. , Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H.,
1941; Goodyear, W. A., 1873; Hinds, N. E. A.,
1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Hoover-Young San
Francisco Bay Bridge Commission, 1930; Inman,

D. L., 1950; Landes, K. K., 1952a; Menard, H.
W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore, D. G.,
Shumway, G., Silverman, M. and Stewart, H. B.,
1934; Moore, D. G., 1951; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Shepard, F. P., 1935c, 1936f, 1949b, 1949d, 1953;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard,
F. P. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Shumway, G. A.,
1953; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Uchupi, E., 1954;
ZoBell, C. E., 1946b

Sand Waves: Gibson, W. M., 1951; Knox, R. W. , 1953; Smith,
P. A., 1940; Studds, R. F. A., 1950 ,

Sapropel: Fox, D. L., 1950; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J* D. and
Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Fox, D. L., Updegraff,
D. M. and Novelli, G. D.. 1944; Trask, p. D.,
1939; ZoBell, C. E., 1947d

Scattering Layer: Anonymous, 1951a; Boden, B. P., 1950;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

I California, University of, 1942, 1914-3, 1946a, 1946b,
1946c; Dietz, R. S., 1948; Emery, K. 0., 1952b;
Johnson, M. W. , 1948; McEwen, G. F. and Staff,
1948; Marshall, N. B., 1951; Tucker, G. H., 1951;
Walford, L. A., 1951

Scavengers, Mud Eaters (See also: Organisms): Coe, W. R.,
1947; Dapples, E. C., 1942; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dill, R. F., 1952;
Emery, K. 0., 1952b; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1952; Fox, D. L., 1944b; Fox, D. L.,
Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Fox,
D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D. , 1944;
Galliher, E. W., 1935a; Goldberg, E. D. , 1954;
Gorsline, D. S., 195^; Hesse, R., Allee, W. C.
and Schmidt, K. P., 1937; Hoots, H. W. , 1943;
McConnaughey, B. H. and Fox, D. L., 19^9; Mac-
Ginitie, G. E., 1939; Moberg, E. G., Fleming, R.
H., Heusner, K. and Revelle, R., 1937; Natland,
M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1952i; Vaughan, T.
W., 1940

Schist (See also: Metamorphic Rocks, Rock): Butcher, W.
S., 1951a; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Emery, K. 0.,
1947b, 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l;
Hanna, G. D., 1952

Scouring: Beach Erosion Board, 1952a; Blinn, F. S., 1928;
California, University of, 1952a; Crooke, R. C.,
Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953; Crowell, J. C,
1952; Dietz, R. S., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 1952;
Gibson, J. M., 1951; Grant, U. S., 1940; Johnson,
J. W., 1948b; LeConte, J., I89I; McOuat, H. W.,
1951; Menard, H. W. , 1952; Nicholls, C. P. L.,
1936a; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard,
F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Rawn, A. M. and
Bowerman, F. R., 1951; Sears, C. B., 1876;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Tanner, Z. L., 1892b

Sea Arch (See also: Natural Bridge, Sea Caves): Anonymous,
l8d2a; Arnold, R. and Hannibal, H., 1913; Blake,
W. P., 1856; Blankinship, J. W. and Keeler, C.
A., 1892; Cleland, H. F., 1910; Hanna, G. D.,
1951; Henderson, J., 1932; Hoover, J. W., 1932a;
Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Leonard, A. G., 1925;
McLellan, M. E., 1925; Paguirigan, F. , 194l;
Shepard, F. P. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Smith,
W. D., 1933c; Wittich, E., 1920; Yates, L. G.,
1890a, 1902

Sea Caves (See also: Natural Bridge, Sea Arch): Blake, W.
P., 1856; Blankinship, J. W. and Keeler, C. A.,
1892; Bowers, S., 1878; Chase, A. W. , 1875;
Cleland, H. F., 1910; Crandall, H., 1915; Davis,
W. M., 1932; Emery, K. 0., 1954e; Fairbanks, H.
W., 1904; Fewkes, J. W. , 1889; Hanna, G. D. ,
1951; Hanna, M. A., 1926; Henderson, J., 1932;
Hertlein, L. G. and Grant, U. S., 1937; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952; Hoover, J. W., 1932a; Kemnitzer,
L. E., 1933; Lakes, A., 1903a; Lange, A., 1951*;
Lawson, A. C, 1893b; Leonard, A. G., 1925;
McLellan, M. E., 1925; Orr, P. C, 1952; Pease,
W. H., 1868; Remondino, P. C, 1892; Richardson,
R. W., 1923; Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F.
P. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Smith, W. D., 1933c;
Spencer, J. W., 1897; Wilson, M. E., 1907;
Winsted, H. L., 1913; Yates, L. G., l890a,
1890b, 1902

Sea Cliff (See also: Elevated Sea Cliff, Rocky Coasts):

Anonymous, 19l»0d, 1949a; Alexander, C. S., 1950;
Anderson, C. A., 1950; Arnold, D. and Arnold, R.,
1902; Arnold, R., 1900; Ashley, G. H., 1895;
Bailey, T. L., 1943; Bartlett, W. A., 1852;
Beach Erosion Board, 1942a, 1953a, 1954a; Blake,
W. P., 1856; Bowers, S., 1878; Bremner, C. St.,
J., 1932; Bruff, S. C, 1940, 1946; Buwalda, J.,
1936; Chase, A. W., 1875; Cleland, H. F. , 1910;
Congressional Documents, 1940a, 1949f, 1953b;
Cotton, C. A., 1942; Couch, E. B., 1915; Crandall,
H., 1915; Davidson, G. , 1856, l875a, 1897; Davis,
W. M., 1932; Davis, W. M., Putnam, w. C. and
Richards, G. L., Jr., 1931; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W. , 1951h; Diller, J. S., 1902, 1903;
Drury, N. B., 1938; Dunkle, M. B., 1944, 1950;
Emery, K. 0., 1946b, 1950d, 1952a, 1954e; Emery,
K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Erickson, C. E.,
1952, 1953; Fairbanks, H. W., 1897, 1898, 1904;
Fewkes, J. w., 1889; Gilbert, G. K., 1917;

103

Goldberg, J., 1940; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937; Griesbach,
J. 0., 19V7; Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Hall, W.
C, 1942; Handin, J. W., 1949, 1951; Hanna, G.
D., 1951, 1952; Hanna, M. A., 1926; Hinds, N.

E. A., 1952; Horton, D. F., 1948; Inman, D. L.,
1953a, 1953b; James, E. L., 1950; Johnson, A.
G., 1935; Johnson, C. W., 1953; Kemnitzer, L.
E., 1933; Kew, W. S. W., 1927; Krumbein, W. C,
1947; Lange, A., 1951*-; Lawson, A. C, 1893a,
l893b, 1894; Lawson, J. S., 1862; Livingston,
A., Jr., 1939; Leonard, A., 1925; McGee, W.

J., 1900; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; MacDonald,
G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C, 19^7;
Masters, P., 1840; Moore, D. G., 1951; Nicholson,
G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M., 19^9, 1951; O'Brien,
M. P., 1939; Paguirigan, F., 19^1; Pardee, J.
T., 193^; Place, J. L., 1952; Poss, E. G-, 1937;
Putnam, W. C, 1937h, 1937c, 1938; Reed, R. D.,
1930a; Reiche, P., 1937; Shaler, N. S., 1895;
Shepard, F. P., 1943b, 1949b, 1950c, 1950e;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19^1 S Shepard,

F. P., Grant, U. S. and Dietz, R. S., 1939;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949; Shepard,

F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F.
P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Smith, W. D., 1933a,
1933b, 1933c; Smith, W. S. T., 1898, 1900;
Spencer, J. rf., 1897; Stock, C., 1936; Swinnerton,
A. C, 1927; Trask, P. D. , 1952b; Trowbridge,

W. P., 1856b; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943; Upson,
J. E., 1951; Willis, B., 1900; Wheeler, G.,
1936; Whitney, J. D., 1865
Sea Level (See also: Sea Level Changes; Sea Level Changes,
Glacial): Disney, L. P. and Overshiner, W. H.,
1925; Grant, U. S., 1943; Hoover-Young San
Francisco Bay Bridge Commission, 1930; LaFond,

E. C, 1939a; Leypoldt, H., 194la; Manner, H.
A., 1928; Meaney, C, 1949; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C.,
1946; Shalowitz, A. L., 1951; Shepard, F. P.
and LaFond, E. C, 1942; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a

Sea Level Changes (See also: Sea Level; 'Sea Level Changes,
Glacial): Alexander, C. S., 1950; Anderson, W.,
1939; Avers, H. G., 1927; Beach Erosion Board,
1953c; Bowie, W., 1936; Bucher, W. H., 1940;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; California, University
of, 1952a; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S.,
1952; Carter, G. F., 1948; Clements, T. and Dana,
S. W., 1944;' Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938b; Cohee,

G. V., 1938; Cotton, C. A., 19^2, 1944; Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. , et al, 1953; Davidson,
G., 1875a; Davis, W. M. , 1932, 1933; Davis, W.
M., Putnam, W. C, and Richards, G. L., Jr., 1931;
Dietz, R. S., 1947a, 1952a; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W., 1951^; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery,
K. 0., 1950c, 1952a, 1952b, 1954e; Emery, K. 0.
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952;
Galliher, E. W., 1935c; Gilluly, J. and Grant,

U. S., 1947; Gislen, T. , 1943, 1944; Goldberg,
J., 1940; Goodyear, W. A., 1873; Grant, U. S.
and Shepard, F. P., 1938a; Gutenberg, B., 1933,
194lb; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Handin, J. W. ,
1949; Hess, H. H. and MacClintock, P., 1936;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Ives, R. L., 1951; Jacobs,
W. C, 1939; Johnson, D. W., 1944; Kuenen, Ph.
H., 19^7; LaFond, E. C, 1938, 1939a, 19^;
Landes, K. K , 1952b; Lawson, A. C, 1948;
LeConte, J., I89I; Louderback, G. D., 194l,
1951; Lucke, J. B., 1938; Leypoldt, H., 1934,
1937a, 194lc, 1947; Leypoldt, H., and McHenry,
J. R., 1942; MacDonald, G. A., 1931*; Marmer,
H. A., 1949, 1952; Meaney, C. D. , 19^9; Merriam,
P. D., 1949; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A.,
1947; Norris, R. M., 1951; Pratt, W. E., 19^7;
Putnam, W. C, 1938, 1940; Schureman, P., 1936;
Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F. P., 1931, 1932,
1933c, 1936c, 1936g, 1937h, 1938a, I938f, 1938h,
1940b, 1949b, 19^9c, 19^9d, 1950g, 1951e, 1952a,
1953; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19^1;
Shepard, F. P. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Shepard,

F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949; Shepard, F. P.
and LaFond, E. C, 1940; Shepard, F. P. and
MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Stetson, H. C, 1939; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath,

104

Special Report 44

W. F., 1937; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz,
R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938; Studds, R. F. A.,
1951; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Treasher, R. C,
1937; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943, 1946; Uchupi,
E., 1954; Upson, J. E., 1949a; Wheeler, G. ,
1936

Sea Level Changes, Glacial (See also: Sea Level, Sea Level
Changes): Alexander, C. S., 1950; Anderson, W.,
1939; Bucher, W. H., 1940; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Cohee,
G. V., 1938; Cotton, C. A., 1942, 1944; Davis,
W. M., 1932, 1933; Emery, K. 0., 1950c, 1952a,
1952b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Gutenberg, B., 1933;
Lawson, A. C, 1948; Louderback, G. D., 194l;
MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F. P., 1936g, 193Tb,
1938a, 1938f; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
194l; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939; Shepard,
F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Uchupi, E., 1954;
Upson, J. E., 1949a

Seamounts (See also: Banks, Submarine Mountains): Carsola,
A. J., Dietz, R. S. and Russell, R. D., 1949;
Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Dietz,
R. S., 1947a, 1952a, 1954; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S.,
Menard, H. W. and Hamilton, E. L., 1952, 1954;
Dill, R. F., 1952; Eardley, A. J., 1954; Emery,
K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and
Natland, M. L., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,

F. P., 1945; Goldberg, E. D. , 1954; Handin, J.
W., 1-949; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hinds, N. E. A.,
1952; Koczy, F. F., 1954; LaFond, E. C, 1949;
Landes, K. K., 1952a, 1952b; Lawson, A. C, 1950;
Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Menard, H. W., 1952; Menard,
H. W. and Dietz, R. S., 1951; Murray, H. W.,
1939; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953e;
Shepard, F. P., 194la, 1947b, 1948c, 1949b, 1949d,
19^9e, 1950e, 1951e, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 194l, 1945; Wooster, W. S., 1951,
1952

Sea or Wave Ripples: Ewing, G. C, 1950b, 1950c

Sea Slicks: Aldrich, L. and Smith, H. G. , 1948; Allen, W.

E., 1935, 1940b; Alliott, H., 1917 (floating oil);
Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A. H., 1948 (damping action);
Beach Erosion Board, 1948h; Belcher, E., 1843;
Blake, W. P., 1853, 1855, 1856; California Depart-
ment Public Health, 1951; Davidson, G. , 1856, 1859,
1864; Dietz, R. S. and LaFond, E. C, 1950; Dill,
R. F., 1949; Ewing, G. C, 1950a, 1950b, 1950c;
Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran, E. F.,
1952; Hubbs, C. L. and Rechnizer, A. B., 1952;
Imray, J. F., 187O; McEwen, G. F., 19l8 (streaks);
Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936c; San Diego Regional
Water Pollution Control Board, 1952; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1952i; Tanner, Z.
L., 1892a; Van Dorn, W. G. , 1953
Sea Stacks: Blake, W. P., 1856; Carpenter, F. A., 1924;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hoover, J. w. , 1932a;
Lawson, A. C, 1893a, 1893b, 1894, 1924; MacDonald,

G. A., 1934; Paguirigan, F. , 1941; Reiche, P.,
1937; Richardson, R. W., 1923; Shepard, F. P.,
194la; Shepard, F. P. and Grant, U. S., 194-7;
Smith, W. D., 1933c; Wanless, H. R., 1950; Wilson,
M. E., 1907; Yates, L. G., 1902

Sea Surface Roughness: Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
19521

Sea Valley - see Rift Valley, Submarine Canyons

Sea Walls - see Engineering

Sea Weed - see Algae

Sedimentary Rocks (See also: Rocks, various types of
sedimentary rock): Chesterman, C. W., 1952;
Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 194-7; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., 194Tb, 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1941,
1945; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Hanna, G. D., 1952;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 194l; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Uchupi, E.,
1954

Sedimentation (See also: Accretion, Artificial Beach Nourish-
ment; Continental Shelf, Origin; Continental
Slope, Origin; Interstitial Sedimentation; Sub-
marine Canyons, Loss of Sediment into): Anonymous,

1951h; Allen, W. E., 194ld; Ashauer, H.,
Hollister, J. S. and Reed, R. D., 1936; Atwill,
E. R., 1942; Bache, A. D. , 1852; Blake,
W. P., I856; Bruff, S. C, 1946; Buffington, E.
C, 1951J Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Caldwell, J. M.,
1950; California Department of Fish and Game,
1951; Carpenter, E. J. and Storie, R. E., 1929;
Congressional Documents, l880a, 1940e, 194-1, 1942a,
1949-1950a, 1953a; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Dapples,

E. C, 1942; Davis, W. M., 1932; Darrow, W. E.,
1942; Dawson, E. Y., 1951; Dietz, R. S. and
Emery, K. 0., 1938a; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H.
W., 195Tb; Dietz, R. S., Menard, H. W. and
Hamilton, E. L., 1954; Dill, R. F., 1952; Diller,
J. S., 1901; Elliott, F. E., Tressler, N. L. and
Myers, W. H., 1953; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1939; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Evans, R. D. , Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G. , 1938;
Fox, C. K., 1936; Fox, D. L., 1950; Fox, J. L.

C. 1942; Friedman, S. L., 1949; Galliher, E.
W., 1935a, 1935h, 1935c; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917;
Gillette, C. E., 1905; Goldberg, E. D., 1954;
Gross, H. E., 1945; Harts, W. W., 1901; Hinde,
H. P., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1950; Johnson,
J. W., 1948d; Kenyon, E. C, Jr., 1951; Koczy,

F. F., 1954; -Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard, H. W.,
1952; Landes, K. K. , 1952b; Lawson, A. C, 1894;
Lawson, L. M., 1950; Lawton, C. H., 1936; LeConte,
J., 1891; Leeds, C. T., 1915, 1936; Leeds, C.

T., Vanoni, V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934; Louder-
back, G. D., 1920, 1940, 1951; McEwen, G. F.,
1935h, 1940b; McKee, E. D., 1939; Means, T. H.,
1928; Miller, R. L., 1954; Morrison, R. L., 1930;
Munk, W. H., 1941; Nelson, N. C, 1909, 1910;
Page, G. B., 1950; Reagan, J. W., 1915; Revelle,
R., 1938, 1939a, 1939h; San Diego Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952; Shaler, N. S.,
1896; Shepard, F. P., 1939d, 1940a, 194la, 1949d,
1951e; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R.
S., 1939; Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939;
Smith, W. D., 1933c; Smith, W. S. T., 1900;
Spencer, J. W., I89O; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D. , Schmitt, W. L.
and Johnston, E. C, 19l4; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c,
1940g; Sykes, G., 1938; Trask, P. D., 1927a,
1931h, 1932b, 1939; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943; Udden
J. A., 1914; U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1931;
U. S. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Mississippi, 1950; Vaughan, T. W. , 1932b; White,
D., 1911; Wood, H. 0., 1915; ZoBell, C. E., 1938,
1944

Abyssal: Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952;
Piggot, C. S., 1944; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W.
D., 1942; Revelle, R., 1935; Shepard, F. P.,
1937f; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S.
and Emery, K. 0., 1938

Bank; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952;
Clements, T. and Dana, S. W., 1§44; Emery, K. 0.,
1947b; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Shepard, F. P., 1940a;
Basin: Dietz, R. S., 1938; Emery, K. 0., 1950e;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945; Pratt, W. E.,
1947; Shepard, F. P., 1937*"; Shepard, F. P.,
Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938;
Weeks, Z. G., 1952

Beach and Nearshore: Anonymous, 1950d; Bascom,
W. N.,^947obj Beach Erosion Board, 1949a, 1953c;
Congressional Documents, 1940e, 1953a, 19531>;
Darrow, W. E., 1942; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery,
K. 0., 1945a; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E.,
1954; Grant, U. S., 1940, 1943, 1944, 1948;
Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1938a, 1940;
Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Hawgood, H., 1914; Inman,

D. L., 1949, 1953a, 1953^; Johnson, J. W., 1952;
Kerr, A. R., 1938; Krumbein, W. C, 1947; Lakes,
A., I899, 1903; Lapsley, W. W. , 1937; Leeds, C.
T., Vanoni, V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934; Marlette,
J. W., 1954; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Scripps Insti-
tution of Oceanography, 1953c (depositi'onal environ-
ments); Shepard, F. P., 194la, 1949a, 1950c, 1950f,
1951d; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond,

E. C, 194l; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L.,
1949, 1951h; Thompson, W. 0-, 1933, 1937; Tower,
M. L-, 1910; Trask, P. D. and Scott, T., 1954;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

105

Troster, J. G., 1949; Verrill, G. E., 1930;
Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H.
L., 1953

Continental and Insular Shelves: Anderson, F.
M., 1B96-1902]- Bucher, W. H., 1940; Butcher,
W. S., 1951a; Clark, B. L., 1932; Dietz, R.
S., 1951, 1952b; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H.
W., 1951b; Emery, K. 0., 1952a; Galliher, E.
W., 1935b; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Jeffreys,
H., 1934; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Miller, R.
L., 1954; Moore, D. G., 1951; Pardee, J. T.,
1934; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1940c, 1949b, 1949d,
1951a; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond,
E. C, 1941; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L.,
1951b; Shepard, F.. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937
(insular shelf); Smith, W. S. T., 1900; Wrath,
W. F., 1936 (insular shelf)

Continental Slope: Dietz, R. S., 1952b; Dietz,
R. S. and Menard, H. W. , 1951b; Dill, R. F.,
1952

Submarine Canyons: Davis, W. M., 1933; Dill,
R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954;
Fairbanks, H. W. , 1897; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Phleger, F. P., 1951; Ritter, W. E., 1902;
Shepard, F. P., 1933c, 1934b, 1935a, 1936f,
1937b, 1938a, 1938c, 1938f, 1939c, 194la,
1948b, 1948c, 1949b, 1950a, 1950g, 1951a, 1951d,
1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and
Emery, K. 0., 1938; Smith, W. S. T., 1902;
Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Sedimentation, Rate of: Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and

Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dill,
R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Emery,
K. 0., 1947a, 1947c; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz,
R. S., 1939; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952;' Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Fox, D. L., 1944b;
Fox, D. L. and Anderson, L. J., 194l; Fox, D.
L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novell! , G. D., 1944;
Galliher, E. W. , 1935c; Goldberg, E. D., 1954;
Inman, D. L., 1950; Krumbein, W. C, 1947;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1946; McKee, E. D., 1953;
Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S.
C, 19Ul; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 1942;
Revelle, R., 1935, 1938, 1950; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953e; Shepard, F. P., 1948c;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, 19UI; Trask, P. D. , 1931a, 1939; Uchupi,
E., 1954; Urry, W. D., I9I4O, 1948; Urry, W. D.
and Piggot, C. S., 1942; ZoBell, C. E., 1942b

Sediment By-gassing - see By-Passing of Sediment'

Sediment Color - see Color of Sediment and various colors
of sediments

Sediment Masking - see Masking of Sediment

Sediment Reworking - see Reworking of Sediment

Sediment Thickness - see Thickness of Sediment

Sediments: Agassis, A. and Murray, J., 1902 (description
of bottom materials and bottom sediment chartz);
Allen, W. E., 194lc; Anderson, C. A., 1950;
Andrews, H. L., 1945; Arnold, D. and Arnold, R.,
1902; Arnold, J. L., 1928; Bache, A. D., 1856a;
Belknap, G. E., 1874a (tables of bottom sediments);
Buck, CD., 1928; Buffington, E. C, 1951;
California Department of Public Health, 1951;
California Department of Public Works, 1947;
Carsola, A. J., 1947; Coe, W. R., 1947; Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953; Dana, S.
W., 1942; Davis, W. M., 1932; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F^ P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., 194lc, 1946a; Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H.,
1948; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l;
Evans, R. D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938;
Fleming, J. A., Sverdrup, H. ET., Ennis, C. C,
Beaton, S. L. and Hendrix, W. C, 1945; Ford,
J. L. C, 1942; Fox, D. L., 1944a, 1944b, 1950;
Fox, D. L., Crane, S. C. and McConnaughey, B. H.,
1948; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novell!,
G. D., 1949; Fraser, C. McL., 1943 {tables of
sediments and rocks); Galliher, E. W., 1933,
1935a, 1935c, 1939; Gilbert, G. K., 1917; Gilbert,
J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 1943; Gislen, T., 1943;
Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937; Handin,
J. W., 1951; Hansen, H. A. and Pemberton, J. R.,
1950; Helfand, S., 1927 (bottom sample notations);

Hutton, W. E. and ZoBell, C. E., 1949; Kindle, E.
M., 1934; Krumbein, W. C, 1942; Lawson, A. C,
1894; Lesser, R. M., 1951; Louderback, G. D.,
1921, 1924, 1951; MacGinitie, G. E., 1927, 1935;
Mann, A., 1907 (bottom notations); Means, T. H.,
1928; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951;
Michael, E. L. and McEwen, G. F., 1915; Miller,
R.. L., 1954; Moberg, E. G. and Allen, W. E.,
1927; Moberg, E. G. , Fleming, R. H., Heusner, K.
and Revelle, R., 1937; Munk, W. H., 194l; Natland,
M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l;
Nelson, J. W., Dean, W. C, Kocher, A. E., Watson,

E. B. and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Norris, R. M.,
1951; Osorio Tafall, B. F., 1943; Pierce, J. W. ,
1948; Raitt, R. W., 1949; Revelle, R., 194l;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1939b;
Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Rosenfeld, W. D., 1948;
San Diego Regional Water Pollution Control Board,
1952; Saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950; Scheffauer, F.
C, 1927; Shepard, F. P., 1938b, 194la, 1950e;
Sherzer, W. H., 1910; Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954;
Smith, W. D., 1933c; Soper, E. K., 1938; Storie,
R. E. and Carpenter, E. J., 1929; Studds, R. F.
A., 1951J Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D. ,
Schmitt, W. L. and Johnson, E. C, 1914;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a, 1940e, 1940f, 1940g;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194-1; Tanner, Z. L.,
1892a (tables listing sediments), 1893 (tables
listing sediments), 1894; Thayer, L. A., 1937;
Townsend, C. H., 1901 (tables listing dredging);
Trask, P. D., 1927a, 1927b, 1931a, 1932a, 1932b,
1934, 1937a, 1939, 1950; Trask, P. D. and
Hammar, H. E., 1931; Trask, P. D. and Rolston,

J. W., 1950b; Trask, P. D. and Wu, C. C, 1930a;
Udden, J. A., 1914; Updegraff, D. M., 1948;
Urry, W. D., 1940; U. S. Commission of Fish and
Fisheries, 1898 (tables listing sediments);
U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, 1906 (tables listing
dredging, 1921 (tables listing dredging; U. S.
Hydrographic Office, 1934b, 1947b; Vaughan, T. W.,
1932b, 1933; Vaughan, T. W. and Others, 1937;
ZoBell, C. E., 1936, 1939, 1944, 1946b, 1946-1947,
1947b, 1947c, 1947d, 1949, 1950 ; ZoBell, C. E.
and Anderson, D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, C. E. and
Feltham, C. B., 1934b; ZoBell, C. E. and Grant,
C. W. and Haas, H. F., 1943

Abyssal: Davidson, G., 1875b, 1897; Dietz, R. S.,
1952a; Dill, R. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0-, 1954b;
Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Emery, K. 0.
and Natland, M. L , 1952; Evans, R. D., Kip, A.

F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938; Fleming, J. A.,
Sverdrup, H. U., Ennis, C. C, Seaton, S. L. and
Hendrix, W. C, 1945; Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D.
M. and Novelli, G. D., 1944; Galliher, E. W.,
1935a; Goes, A., 1896; Graham, H. W. and Moberg,
E. G., 1944; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and
Bradley, W. F., 1949; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1946; Michael,
E. L., 1919; Murray, J. and Lee, G. V., 1909;
Piggot. C. S., 1932; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W.

D., 1942; Revelle, R., 1935, 1937a, 1937b;
Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953e; Shepard, F. P., 194la, 1949d,
1951b; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S.
and Emery, K. 0., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Stetson, H. C, 1939; Shepherd, E. S., 1940, 1946;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a;
Tanner, Z. L., 1892b, 1894; Takahashi, J., 1925;
Urry, W. D., 1948; Urry, W. D. and Piggot, C. S.,
1942; Vaughan, T. W., 1933, 1940; White, D.,
1911

Bank: Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F.
P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1947b, -1948; Emery, K.
0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950;
Emery, K. 0 and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Holzman,
J. E., 1950 Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Lawson, A. C,
1924; Shepard, F. P., 1939d, 194la, 1947b;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Uchupi,
E., 1954

Basin: Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 1947;
Congressional Documents, 1953b; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1951,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R., 1939; Garrison,

106

Special Report 44

L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Ludwick, J. C,
Jr., 1950; Moberg, E. G., Fleming, R. H., Heusner,
K and Revelle, R., 1937; Phleger, F. B., 1951;
Raitt, R. W., 19^9; Revelle, R., 1939b; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1940a,
194la, 1947b, 1948c, 1951b, 1951d; Shepard, F. P.,
Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939; Trask, P.
D., 1931a, 1931b; Weeks, L. G., 1952; ZoBell,

C. E., 194U

Beach and Nearshore: Bascom, W. N., 1950c; Beach
Erosion Board, 1953b; Brown, C. B., 1942; Calif-
ornia, University of, 1953a, 1953b; Coe, W. R. and
Fox, D. L., 1942; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Grant, U. S.,
1938, 1946; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P.,
1938b; Inman, D. L., 1953b; Lombardi, L. V., 1949;
Masters, P., 1940; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Putnam,
J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1949;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953^5 Thompson,
W. 0., 1934; Updegraff, D. M., 1948; ZoBell, C. E.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1938

Continental and Insular Shelves : Congressional
Documents, 1953b; Dietz, R. S., 1952b; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., 1952a; Emery, K.0. and Gould, H., 1948;
Handin, J. W., 1949; Inman, D. L., 1950, 1953b;
LaFond, E. C, Dietz, R. S. and Knauss, J. A., 1950;
Miller, R. L., 195^5 Moore, D. G., 1951; Norris,
R. M., 1951; Pratt, W. E., 1947; Revelle, R.,
1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952i; Shepard,

F. P., 1932, 1935a, 1937f, 1939h, 1940c, I94la,
1947b, 1949b, 1951e; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,

G. A., 1931*, 1938; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W.
F., 1937 (insular shelf); Thompson, W. C, 1949;
Udden, J. A., 1911*; Updegraff, D. M., 1948; Wrath,
W. F., 1936 (insular shelf)

Continental Slope: Dietz, R. S., 1952b; Dill,
R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1950c; Emery, K. 0.,
and Rittenberg, S. C, 19527 Shepard, F. P., 1932,
1933c, 1949d; Udden, J. A., 19l4

Submarine Canyons: Anonymous, 1939; Congressional
Documents 1953b; Crowell, J. C, 1950, 1952;
Davidson, G., 1887, 1897; Davis, W. M., 1933;
Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Handin, J. W. , 1949;
Inman, D. L., 1950, 1953b; Kuenen,. Ph. H., 1947;
Lawson, A. C, 1950; Ludwick, J. C., Jr., 1950;
MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Marlette, J. W., 195^;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Phleger, F. B., 1951;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939h; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1952i; Shepard,

F. P., 1932, l933h, 1934a, 193^b, 1935a, 1935c,
l936g, l939d, I940d, I94la, 1946, 1947a, 1949e,
1950a, 1951a, 1951d, 1951e, 1953; Shepard, F.
P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941 j Shepard, F. P. and
Inman, D. L., 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,

G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and
Dietz, R. S., 1939

Sediment Transport - see Transport of Sediment
Sediment Trap (See also; Submarine Canyons, Loss of

Sediment into): Beach Erosion Board, 1952b;

Lapsley, W. W., 1937; McEwen, G. F. and Staff,

1948; Shepard, F. P., 1938b, 1949b, 1949d, 1951a;

Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941
Seiches (See also: Surf Beat, Surge): Bates, e. C. and

Glenn, A. H., 1948; Beach Erosion Board, 1953c;

Broshous, C. R., 1938; Chase, J. L., 1948; Crooke,

R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953; Gaillard,

D. D., 1904; Green, C. K., 1946; Knapp, R. T.
and Vanoni; V. A., 1945; Leypoldt, H., 1937b;
McEwen, G. F., 1935a; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
Patton, R. S. and Manner, H. A., 1932; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Van Dorn, W. G.,
1953

Seismology (See also: Escarpments, Faulting, Microseiems) :
Anonymous, 1927, 1928, l§46c, 1952a, 1952c, 1952e;
Bascom, W. N., 1946a; Bath, M., 1952; Beach
Erosion Board, 1952b; Belcher, E., 1843;
Benioff, H., 1938; Bittinger, C, 1933; Blake,
J., 1868b; Bodle, R. R., 1941, 1944, 1945, 1946b;
Bodle, R. R. and Murphy, L. M., 19^7; Bucher,
W. H., 19^; Buwalda, J. P., 1933; Byerly, P.,

1927, 1930, 1931, 1937, 1938a, 1938b, 1940a,
1940b, 1952; Byerly, P. and Evernden, J. F.,
1950b, 1950d; Byerly, P. and Wilson, J. T.,
1936, 1937, 1938; Carder, D. S., 1931*; Clements,
T., 1946; Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 1947;
Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. , et al, 1953;
Daly, R. A., 1934; Davidson, G., 1873b, 1897;
Davison, C, 1937; Dill, R. F., 1952; Disney,
L. P. and Overshiner, W. H., 1925; Eardley, A.
J., 1942; Eaton, J. E., 1933; Emery, K. 0., 194la,
1947c, 1950c; Gulluly, J. and Grant, U. S., 1947;
Gislen, T., 1944; Green, C. K. , 1946; Gutenberg,
B., 1934, 1936b, 1939, 194la, 194lb, 1943, 1950,
1953; Gutenberg, B. and Richter, C. F., 1937,
1938, 1939, 191*0, 19^1, 1945, 19^9; Gutenberg,
B., Richter, c. F. and Wood, H. 0., 1932; Harding,

C. R., 1929; Harris, F. R. and Harlow, E. H.,
1948; Havemann, H., 1952; Heck, N. H., 1924,
1926, 1934, 1938; Heck, N. H. and Bodle, R. R.,
1930, 1931; Heck, N. H. and Neumann, F., 1942;
Hill, R. T., 1928b; Hobbs, W. H., 1921, 1944;
Hodge, E. T., 1931*; Holden, E. S., 1895, 1898,
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hoover-Young San Fran-
cisco Bay Bridge Commission, 1930; Inman,

D. L., 1953b; Jeffreys, H., 1934; Koczy, F. F.,
195^5 Koning, L. P. G., 1952; Landes, K. K.,
1952a; Lawson, A. C. and Others, 1908; Leypoldt,
H., 1938; Louderback, G. D., 1919, 1944; McAdie,

A. G., 1907; McComb, H. E., 1934; McEwen, G. F., I91
McHenry, J. R., 1942; MacDonald, G. A., Shepard,

F. P. and Cox, D. C, 19^7; Macelwane, J. B.,
1923, 193^; Mattel, A. C, 1917; Menard, H. W.
and Dietz, R. S., 1951; Mitchell, G. D., 1928;
Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1947; Murphy,
L. M., 1950; Murphy, L. M. and Cloud, W. K.,
1953; Murphy, L. M. Ulrich, F. P., 1951a, 1951b,
1952; Murray, H. W. , 1939; Neumann, F., 1929,
1932, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1940a, 1940b,
1942, 1943, 1952; Neumann, F. and Bodle, R. R.,
1932; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936c; Nicholson, G.
F., 1929; Norris, R. M. , 1951; O'Brien, M. P.,
1946b; Parkin, E. J., 1948; Richter, C. F.,
1940; Roop, F. C, 1946; Sanchez, P. C., 1934e;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 19521, 1953c;
Shepard, F. P., 1933c, 1936e, 1936f, 1937d, 19Ma,
1950e, 1951a, 1951d; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,

K. 0., 1941; Schuck, 0. T., 1869; Smith, W. D.,
1919, 1933b; Sparks, N. R., 1936; Stockman,
L. P., 1949c; Swainson, 0. W., 1944; Taber, S.,
1920; Tanner, Z. L., 1896; Townley, S. D. and
Allen, M. W. , 1939; Trask, J. B., 1856, 1857;
Uchupi, E., 1954; Vaughan, T. W. and Others,
1937; Willis, B., 1925; Wilson, R. M., 1928b;
Wood, H. 0., 1915, 1933a, 1933b, 1947; Wood,
H. 0. and Heck, N. H., 1951; Woollard, G. P.,
1951

Selective Transportation - see By-Passing of Sediment, Non-
Deposition, Winnowing

Serpintine (See also: Igneous Rock, Rock): Cohee, G. V.,
1938; Emery, K. 0., 19**8; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952

Sewage - see Pollution

Shale (See also: Rock, Sedimentary Rock) : Anonymous, 1950d;
Butcher, W. S. , 1951a; California, University of,
1953a, 1953b; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congressional
Documents, 1940e; Coxe, L. C, 1949; Emery, K.
0., 19^1a, 194lc, 1946b, 1950d, 1952a, 1952b, 1953b;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Natland,
M. L., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l;
Fox, L. S., 1930; Fraser, C. McL., 1943;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Hanna, G. D., 1952;
Hoover -Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission,
1930; Johnson, M. W., 1948; Johnson, M. W. ,
Everest, F. A. and Young, R. W. , 1947; MacDonald,

G. A., 1934; Mills, B., 1932c; Moore, D. G., 1951;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle, R., 1939; Schupp,

R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1936f, 1949b, 1949d;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l, 1945;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shumway,
G. A., 1953; Trask, p. D., 1931a, 1931h, 1939;
Uchupi, E., 1954; Vaughan, T. W., 1936; White,
D;, 1911; Woodford, A. 0., 1951; ZoBell, C. E.,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

107

1946b, 19I+6-1947, 1947b

Shape and Roundness of Gravel, Rock, and Sand (See also:
Abrasion of Sediments and Rocks): Anonymous,
1950d; Anderson, G. E., 1926; Beach Erosion Board,
1952a; Boos, M. F., 19^0; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Clements,
T. and Dana, S. W., 1944; Cohee, G. V., 1938;
Dana, S. W. , 1942; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dill, R. F., Dietz,
R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Eaton, R., 1951;
Emery, K. 0., 194la, 1946b, 1947b, 1948, 1952;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz,
R. S., 19^1; Emery, K. .0. and Gale, J. F., 1951;
Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H., 1948; Emery, K. 0.
and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 194l, 1945; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Emmonds, S. F. and Merrill,
G. P., 189I+; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Griggs,
A. B. and Wells, F. G., 19^2; Gulliver, F. P.,
1896; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Inman, D. L-, 1949, 1950, 1953b; Krumbein, W.
C, 1942, 19^7; Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950;
MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Martens, J. H. C, 1939;
Mason, M. A., 1942, 1949a; Merriam, P. D.,
1949; Moore, D. G., 1951; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Revelle, R., 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939h; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shaler, N. S.,
1895; Shepard, F. P., 1940b, 1949b, 19^9d, 1949e,
1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l,
1945; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Sherzer,
W. H., 1910; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Sinnott, A.,
194l; Smith, W. S. T., 1897; Thompson, W. 0.,
1934; Twenhofel, W. H , 1946; Uchupi, E.,
1954; Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley,
H. L., 1953

Shells, Shell Sand etc. (See also: Carbonates, Coquina,

Limestone, Marl, Organic Sediments): Anonymous,
1906a; Andrews, H. L., 1945; Arnold, D., 1896;
Blake, J., 1868b; California Department of Fish
and Game, 1951; California Department of Public
Health, 1951; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Crooke, R.
C, Elvitsky, A. W. , et al, 1953; Dana, S. W.,
1942; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1952a, 1952b; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l;
Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H., 1948; Emery, K. 0.
and Tschudy, R. H., 1941; Everest, F. A.,
Young, R. W. and Johnson, M. W., 1948; Fox, D.
L., 1950; Fraser, C. McL., 1943; Galliher,

E. W., 1933, 1935a, 1935c, 1937; Grim, R. E.,
Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Hoover-
Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission, 1930;
Johnson, M. W., 1948; Lawson, A. C, 189U;
Louderback, G. D., 1924, 1940; Lowenstam, H. A.,
1954; McKee, E. D., 1953; Norris, R. M., 1951;
Packard, E. L., 19l8; Putnam, J. A., Bermel, K.
J. and Johnson, J. W. , 1947; Revelle, R., 1950;
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Revelle, R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; San Diego Regional
Water Pollution Control Board, 1952; Scheffauer,

F. C, 1927; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Sears, C. B.,
1876; Shepard, F. P., 1940d; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 1941; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D., Schmitt, W. L.
and Johnston, E. C, 1914; Trask, P. D., 1931h;
Trask, P. D. and Rolston, J. W., 1950a; Vaughan,
T. W., 1933

Banks: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Dietz, R. S.,
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery,
K. 0., 1948; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 19^5; Uchupi, E., 1954
Basins: Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952
Beach and Near shore: Anonymous, 1950d; Barrows,
A. L., 1913] Bruff, S. C. 1946; Butcher, W.
S., 1951a; Coe, W. R., 1945, 1947; Coe, W. R.
and Fox, D. L., 1942; Davis, W. M., 1932; Emery,
K. 0., 1945a, 19^5h, 1946b; Emery, K. 0. and Gale,
J. F., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E.,
1950; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Lakes, A., 1903a;
McKee, E. D., 1953; Martens, J. H. C, 1939;

Norris, R. M., 1951, 1952; Putnam, W. C, 1938;

Shepard, F. P., Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L.,

1951; Thompson, W. 0., 1937

Coastal Sand Dunes: Merriam, P. D., 1949; Olsson-

Seffer, P., 1910a

Continental and Insular Shelves: Crooke, R. C.,

Elvitsky, A.~w7, et al, 1953; Davidson, G., 1897;

Emery, K. 0., 1952a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,

Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Gorsline,

D. S., 1954; Inman, D. L., 1950; Moore, D. G. ,

1951; Norris, R. M., 1951; Pardee, J. T. , 1934;

Shepard, F. P., 1932, 194la, 1949b; Shepard, F.

P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937

Continental Slope: Hanna, G. D., 1952; Udden, J.

1771915

Submarine Canyons : Crowell, J. C, 1952; Davidson,

G., 1887, 1897; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and

Shepard, F. P., 1942; Norris, R. M., 1951;

Phleger, F. B., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1939b;- Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1951d

Shells, Siliceous (See also: Diatoms and other Siliceous
Organisms): Goldberg, E. D., 1954

Shingle Beach - see Cobble Beach

Shoreline: Anonymous, 1932c, 1938a, 1940b, 1940d; Anderson,

F. M., 1896-1902; Bartlett, W. A., 1852; Beach
Erosion Board, 1939, 1948a, 1948h, 1948i; Berghaus,
H., 1891 ; Blake, W. P., I856; Bowers, S., I89O;
Brown, E. I., 1939; Bruff, S. C, 1946; Burt, W.

V. and Saur, J/ F. T., Jr., 1948; Buwalda, J., 1936,
1948; Congressional Documents, 1953b; Cotton, C.
A., 1942; Davidson, G-, 1856, 1897; Davis, W. M.,
1931, 1932; Diller, J. S., 1915; Emmonds, S. F.
and Merrill, G. P., 1894; Fairbanks, H. W.,
1904; Goldberg, J., 1940; Greenwell, W. E., 1858;
Harts, W. W. , 1911; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hoover,
J. W., 1932a; Inman, D. L., 1953a; Johnson, A.
G., 1935; Jones, E. L., 19l8; LaFond, E. C,
1939a (shoreline changes); Lawson, A. C, 1914,
1924; Leeds, C. T., 1936; Leypoldt, H., 194lb,
1942; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Louderback, G.
D., 1919; Lucke, J. B., 1938; McLaughlin, R. P.,
1921; MacDonald, G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox,
D. C, 19^7; Marlette, J. H., 1954; Maxson, J.
H., 1931, 1932; Morgan, F. A., 1930; Nicholson,

G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1939, 194l;
Putnam, W. C, 1937c, 1938 (shoreline changes);
Richardson, R. W. , 1923; Sanchez, P. C., 1934a;
Sanford, J.. J., 1908; Shaler, N. S., 1892;
Shalowitz, A. L., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1938h
(classification of shorelines); Shepard, F. P.
and Emery, K. 0-, 1941; Shepard, F. P. and Inman,

D. L., 1<?49; Smith, P. A., 1938 (also classification
of shorelines); Smith, W. D., 1930, 1933a (also
classification of shorelines), 1940 (classification
of shorelines); Smith, W. S. T., 1900; Thompson,

W. 0., 1937; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943; Upson, J.
E., 1949a, 1951; U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey,
1915; Vickery, F. P., 1927a; Walters, L., 1953;
Willis, B., 1900; Wittich, E., 1910
Silicates, Silica (See also: Nutrients): Anonymous, 1954m;
Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; Atwill, E. R., 194lb, 1942;
Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930; Brongersma-
Sanders, M., 1948; Bullock, F. W., 1933; Chester-
man, C. W., 1952; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R.
S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1951, 1952; Fleming, J. A., Sverdrup, H. U., Ennis,
C. C, Seaton, S. L. and Hendrix, W. C, 1945;
Fleming, R. H., 1939a; Ford, J. L. C, 1942;
Gislen, T., 1943, 1944; Goldberg, E. D., 1954;
Graham, H. W. , 1934; Graham, H. W. and Moberg, E.
G., 1944; Hewatt, W. G., 1934; Leslie, M., 1928;
Lipman, C. B., 1929; McEwen, G. F., 1934a;
Michael, E. L., 1921; Moberg, E. G., 1925, 1930c;
Moberg, E. G. and Fleming, R. H., 1934; Moberg,

E. G. and Harding, H. W., 1933; Natland, M. L.,
Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l; Phelps,
A., 1937, 1940; Piggot, C. S., 1932, 1944;
Revelle, R., 1935, 1937a, 1937h, 1950; Revelle,
R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953e; Skogsberg, T., 1936;
Skogsberg, T. and Phelps, A., 1946; Smith, P.

V., Jr., 1954; Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1940g; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 19IH;

108

Special Report 44

Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask,
P. D., 1939; Vaughan, T. W., 1930b, 1930d, 1932a,
1932c, 1933, 1950; ZoBell, C. E., 1951; ZoBell,
C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F., 1953

Siliceous Ooze - see Ooze, General

Siliceous Shells - see Shells, Siliceous

Sill of Basins, Banks, Canyons etc.: At-will, E. R., 1952
(in bay and lagoon): Congressional Documents,
1953b; Crouch, R. W., 1951; Dapples, E. C.,
1953; Dawson, E. Y., 1952 (lagoon); Dietz, R.
S., 1938; Emery, K. 0., 1953a, 1955d; Emery,
K. 0. and Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
1955; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952;
Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Handin,
J. W., 1959; Hoots, H. W., 1953; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
19U-T; Lawson, A. C, 1925; Natland, M. L.,
Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 195l; Revelle,
?-•, 1939a, 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1958c, 1950d, 1950e, 1952a;
Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Sverdrup, H. U.,
19l+0d; Vaughan, T. W., 1950; Woodford, A. 0.,
1951

Silt: Atwill, E. R., 1952 (silting in bay and lagoon);

Beach Erosion Board, 1952b; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;
Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953;
Congressional Documents, 1950e, 1952; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Elliott,
F. E., Tressler, W. L. and Myers, W. H., 1953;
Emery, K. 0., 1950d; Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H.,
1958; Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952;
Ford, J. L. C, 1952; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D.
and Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Fries, A. A., 1912;
Galliher, E. W., 1935a, 1935c; Grim, R. E., Dietz,
R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1959; Hanna, M. A.,
1926; Inman, D. L., 1959, 1950; Lawson, A. C,
1915; Leeds, C. T., 1915; Louderback, G. D.,
1950; McEwen, G. F., 1950b; McKee, E. D. , 1953;
Martin, L. T., 1935; Nelson, J. W. , Dean, W. C,
Kocher, A. E., Watson, E. B. and Carpenter, E. J.,
1920; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 1952; Revelle,
R., 1938, 1939a, 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K.
0., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939*>;
Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1959d;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939;
Stevenson, R. E., 1955; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a;
Trask, P. D., 1928, 1931a, 1931*, 1935, 1939, 1950;
Trask, P. D. and Rolston, J. W., 1950a, 1950b;
Udden, J. A., 19l5; U. S. Waterways Experiment
Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1950; Varney,
F. M. and Redwine, L. E., 1937; White, D., 1911;
ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1953, 1957c; ZoBell, C. E.
and Feltham, C. B., 1952; ZoBell, C. E., Grant,
C. W. and Haas, H. F., 1953

Abyssal: Revelle, R., 1935; Shepard, F. P.,
1950a; Urry, W. D. and Piggot, C. S., 1952
Bank: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Emery, K.O., 1958;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 1955; Uchupi, E., 1955
Basin: Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1951, 1952; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L.,
1950; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W.
F., 1959; Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950; Revelle,
R., 1939b; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939*;
Shepard, F. P., 1939<1, 1950a, 195la, 1951d;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S.,
1939; Trask, P. D., 1931b

Beach and Nearshore : Emery, K. 0. and Foster, J.
F. , 19587 Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1950;
Purer, E. A., 1952; Shepard, F. P., 1950c;
Stevenson, R. E., 1955; Thompson, W. 0., 1937;
Vaughan, T. W., 1950

Coastal Sand Dunes; Congressional Documents,
195J5

Continental Shelf: Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Gould, H., 1958; Galliher,
E. W., 1935b; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K.
L., 1950; Gorsline, D. S., 1955; Grim, R. E.,
Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 1959; Handin,
J. W., 1959; Iiunan, D. L., 1950; MacDonald, G.
A., 1935; Moore, D. G., 1951; Pardee, J. T., 1935;

Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard,

F. P., 1932, 1939b, 1959b, 19^9d; Shepard, F. P.
and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Wrath, W. F. , 1937

Continental Slope : Shepard, F. P., 1932
Submarine Canyons : Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congress-
ional Documents, 1953b; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R.
S. and Stewart, H., 1955; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Handin, J. W., 1959; Inman, D. L., 1950; Ludwick,
J. C, Jr., 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933c, 1958b, 1950a,
1950d, 1951a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
19^1; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1959;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S.,
1939; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937;
Toit, A. L. du, 19to

Siltstone (See also: Rock, Sedimentary Rock) : Chesterman,
C. W., 1952'; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Gorsline, D.
S., 1955; Hanna, G. D., 1951, 1952; Moore, D.
G., 1951; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Uchupi, E.,
195U

Silver: Piggot, C. S., 1932, 1955; Thompson, T. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D., 1939;
Vaughan, T. W. , 1933

Skewness: Dapples, E. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Gould,
H. R., 1958; . Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K.
L., 1950; Inman, D. L., 1950; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953c; Trask, P. D., 1932a
Abyssal: Emery, K. 0., 1955b

Bank: Emery, K. 0., 1955b; Holzman, J. E., 1950
Basin: Emery, K. 0., 19?5b; Ludwick, J. C, Jr.,
1950 (sorting vs. skewness; medium diameter vs.
skewness)

Beach and Near shore: Beach Erosion Board, 1953c,
195^b; Emery, K. 0., 1955b; Inman, D. L., 1959,
1950, 1953*; Keller, W. D., 195l; Sinnott, A.,
195l; Trask, P. D., 1952a; Trask, P. D. and
Scott, T., 1955; Twenhofel, W. H., 1956
Coastal Sand Dunes: Emery, K. 0., 1955b; Keller,
W. D., 19517 Sinnott, A., 19UI; Twenhofel, W.
H., 1956

Continental Shelf: Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K.
0., 195^; Inman, D. L., 1950; MacDonald, G. A.,
1935; Miller, R. L., 1955; Moore, D. G-, 1951
Continental Slope: Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K.
0., 195^b
Submarine Canyons: Cohee, G. V., 1938

Slack Water - see Pollution, Reducing or Anaerobic Environ-
ment, Stagnant Water

Slate (See also: Metamorphic Rock, Rock): Cohee, G. V.,.
1938; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1955;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938

Slope - see Beach and Near shore, Continental Shelf, Continental
Slope, Submarine Canyons

Slopes - see Escarpment

Slough - see Swamp

Slumping - see Submarine Canyons, Origin of; Submarine
Slumping

Snapper Samples (See also: Cores and Coring, Dredging):
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Carsola, A. J., Dietz,
R. S., 1952; Carsola, A. J., Dietz, R. S. and
Russell, R. D., 1959; Crouch, R. W., 1955;
Dietz, R. S., 1955; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0.
and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0., 1957b,
1958; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery,
K. 0. and Gould, H., 1958; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1955; Garrison, L. E. and
Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Holzman, J. E., 1950;
Moore, D. G. , 1951; Revelle, R., 1950; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P.,
1950e; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 195l;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 195l; Trask, P. D.,
1931b; Uchupi, E., 1955

Sodium: Galliher, E. W., 1935a; Kelley, W. P. and Liebig,

G. F., Jr., 1935; Lipman, C. B., 1929; McEwen,
G. F., 1935a; McKee, E. D. , 1953; Revelle, R.,
1935, 1951; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951;
Stanton, T. E., Jr., 1938; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, 1952a (NagCOo); Thompson, T. G. and
Robinson, R. J., 1932; Vaughan, T. W., 19&);
Veach, J. A., 1859

Solution, Resolution, Desolving of Rocks, Sediments etc.
(Also see: Regeneration): Allen, W. E., 195la
(solution and decomposition of dinoflagellates);

Bibliography op Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

109

Emery, K. 0., 1941b, 19146b; Emery, K. 0.

and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Sverdrup, H. U., 1940g;

Williams, W., 1948

Sollution Basins (See also: Minor Features, Rocky Coasts;
Tide Pools): Emery, K. 0., 1946b; Williams, W.,
I9U8

Sorting (See also: Skewness): California, university of,
1954b; Dana, S. W., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 1950d,
1954b; Emery, K. 0- and Dietz, R. S., 194l;
Emery, K. 0. and Gould,' H. R., 1948; Emery, K.
0., Techudy, R. H., 194l; Galliher, E. W., 1935c;
Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Inman,
D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard, H. W.,
1952; Lesser, R. M-, 1951; Louderback, G. D.,
1920, 1940; McKee, E. D., 1953; Menard, H. W.,
1952; Norris, R. M. , 1951; Revelle, R., 1935,
1939; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939^;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953c;
Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Trask, P. D., 1931b,
1932a; Udden, J. A., 19l4; ZoBell, C. E., 1938
Abyssal: Emery, K. 0., 1954b; Revelle, R., 1935;
Bank: Emery, K. 0., 1954b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Uchupi, E., 1954
Basin: Emery, K. 0., 1954b; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R.
S. and Bradley, W. F., 1949; Ludwick, J. C., Jr.,
1950 (sorting vs. skewness) (sorting vs. medium
diameter); Shepard, F. P., 1951d; Trask, P. D.,
1931b

Beach and Hear shore : Bascom, W. N. , 1950c; Beach
Erosion Board, 194tfi, 1953c, 1954b; Bullard, F.
M. and Mills, R. A., 1951; California, University
of, 1952a; Dietz, R. S., 1947b; Emery, K. 0.,
1946b, 1954b, 1954c (gravel); Emery, K. 0. and
Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson,
R. E., 1950; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Handin,
J. W., 194-9; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C,
1949; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1950, 1953a, 1953b;
Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N. , 1947; Keller,
W. D., 19^1; Krumbein, W. C, 1947, 1950; Lang,
H., 1916; McKee, E. D., 1953; Marlette, J. W. ,
1954; Martens, J. H. C, 1939; Mason, M. A.,
1942; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard,
F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M.,
1951; Olsson-Seffer, P.., 1910a; Pardee, J. T.,
1934; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P.,
1936a; Shepard, F. P., inman, D. L. and Fisher,
R. L., 1951; Sherzer, W. H., 1910; Shuler, W.
R., 1951; Sinnott, A., 1941 J Thompson, W. 0.,
1937; Trask, P. D., 1924, 1952a; Trask, P. D.
and Scott, T., 1954 (also sorting vs. medium
diameter); Twenhofel, W. H., 1946; Wiegel, R.
L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1953;
Woodford, A. 0., 1935

Coastal Sand Dunes; Emery, K. 0., 1954b;
Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Handin, J. W., 1949;
Keller, W. D., 194l; Merriam, P. D., 1949;
Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a; Sinnott, A., 194l;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Twenhofel, W. H., 1946
Continental and Insular Shelves : Dill, R. F.,
1952; Emery7~K. 0., 195'4^1 Gorsline, D. S.,
1954; Inman, D. L., 1950; MacDonald, G. A.,
1934; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Moore, D. G.,
1951; Norris, R. M., 1951; Shepard, F. P.,
1940c, 194la, (insular), 194lb; Shepard, F. P.
and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Wrath, W. F., 1937 (insular); Udden, J. A., 19l4
Continental Slope: Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery,
K. 0., 1954b

Submarine Canyons; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Dill,
R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Inman,
D. L., 1950; Ludwick, J. C, 1950; Marlette,
J. W., 1954; Phleger, E. B., 1951; Shepard, F.
P., 1948b, 1951d

Sound (See also: Geophysics and Geophysical Surveys):

Anderson, E. R., 1950; Boden, B. P., 1950; Calif-
ornia Academy of Sciences, California Division of
Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
of the University of California, and U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1951a; California, University
of, 1942, 1943, 1946a, 1946b, 1946c; Crooke, R.
C, Elvitsky, A. W. et al, 1953; Dietz, R. S.,

^1948, 1952a; Dyk, K. and Swalnson, W. 0., 1953;
Ennis, C. C., 1934; Everest, F. A., Young, R. W.

and Johnson, M. W. , 194ti; Fish, M. P., 1949;

Fleming, J. A. and Sverdrup, H. U., Ennis, C.

C., Seaton, S. L. and Hendrix, W. C, 1945; Heck,

N. H. and Service, J., 1926; Holtsmark, B. E.,

1949; Johnson, M. W., 1948; Johnson, M. W.,

Everest, F. A. and Young, R. W., 1947; Knox, R.

W., 1930; Knudsen, V. 0., Alford, R. S. and

Emling, J. W., 1948; LaFond, E. C, 1949;

Marshall, N. B., 1951; Menard, H. W. and Dietz,

R. S., 1951; Munk, W. H., 1947a; Patton, R. S.,

1930; Raitt, R. W., 1948, 1954; Revelle, R.,

1943; Rude, G. T., 1933, 1934; Saur, J. T. F.,

Jr., 1950; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,

1952h, 1953b, 1953g; Shepard, F. P., 1950e;

Soule, F. M., 1934, 1944a; Swainson, 0. W. , 1936;

Swainson, 0. W., Mcllwraith, C. G. and Dyk, K.,

1934; Tucker, G. H., 1951; Walford, L. A., 1951
Source Beds for Petroleum (See also: Petroleum, Origin of);

Anderson, R., 1927; Branner, J. C, 1913; Gester,

G. C, 1927; Trask, P. D., 1930, 1931b, 1934, 1936;

Trask, P. D., Hammar, H. E. and Wu, C. C, 1932;

Trask, P. D. and Patnode, H. W., 1942; ZoBell,

C. E., 1943, 1944
Source Rocks (See also: Bedrock, Transport of Rock): Uchupi,

E., 1954
Source Sediments: Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Buwalda, J. P.,
1948; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0.,

Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952;

Gilbert, G. K., 1917; Ludwick, J. c, Jr., 1950;

Morrison, R. L., 1930; Phleger, F. B., 1951;

Revelle, R., 1937a; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.

P-> 1939b; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953e; Shepard, F. P., 1937f, 1951d; Stevenson,

R. E., 1954; U. S. Waterways Experiment Station,

Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1950

Abyssal: Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Revelle, R.,
1936, 1944

Beach and Near shore: Anonymous, 1938a, 1940d;

Beach Erosion Board, 1939, 1948a, 1948h, 1948i,
1949a, 1952a, 1952b, 1953c, 1954a; Blackman, J.

W. B., 1936; Brown, C. B., 1942; Brown, E. I.,
1939; Buwalda, J. , 1936; California, University
of, 1952a, 1952b, 1952c, 1952d, 1953a, 1953b;
Congressional Documents, 1938a, 1940a, 1942b,
1949f, 1953b; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Darrow, W.
E., 1942; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Einstein, H. A.,
1951; Goldberg, J., 1940; Gorsline, D. S.,
1954; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 1937,
1938b; Griffin, D. F., 1944; Griggs, A. B. and
Wells, F. G., 1942; Hall, W. C, 1942; Handin,
J. W., 1949, 1951; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick,
J. C-, 1949; Hannum, W. T., 1947; Harts, W.
W., 1911; Hornor, R. R., I918; Horton, D. F.,
1948; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953a, 1953b; Johnson,
A. G., 1940c; Krumbein, W. C, 1947, 1950;
Krumbein, W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; Lang,
H., 1916; Leeds, C. T., 19l6, 1936; Leypoldt,
H., 194la; Lindsay, D. R., 1952; Livingston, A.,
Jr-, 1939; Los Angeles County Regional Planning
Commission, 1940; McAfee, C. M., Jr., 1939;
Mason, M. A., 1942, 1949a, 1950a; Nicholson, G.
F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M.
p., 1936a, 1936b, 1939; Page, G. B., 1950;
Pardee, J. T., 1934; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Shepard, F. P., 1947b, 1950c, 1950g; Shepard, F.
P. and Inman, D. L., 1951b; Shepard, F. P.,
Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Schuler,
W. R., 1951, 1952; Sinnott, A., 194l; Symons,
T. W., 1893; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Tower, M.
L., 1910; Trask, P. D., 1952b; Twenhofel, W. H.,
1943, 1946; Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A. and
Kimberley, H. L., 1953

Coastal Sand Dunes; Blake, W. P., 1853; Diller,
J. S., 1B98T Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Livingston,
A., Jr., 1939; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a
Source Water of Basins: Emery, K. 0., 1954d

Specific Gravity (water except where noted): Anonymous, 1938a
and 1940d (sediment); Allen, W. E., 1923b; Beach
Erosion Board, 1942a (sediment); Congressional
Documents, 1938a and 1940a (sediment); Lipman,
C. B., 1929; McEwen, G. F., 1919a; Michael, E
L. and McEwen, G. F., 1915, 19l6; Revelle, R.
and Emery, K. 0., 1951 (sediment); Schulz, B., 1914;

110

Special Report 44

Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D., Schmitt, W. L.
and Johnston, E. C, 19l4; Tanner, Z. L., 1892a,
1893; U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries, 1898

Specific Volume: Montgomery, R. B. and Wooster, W. S., 1954

Sphericity - see Shape and Roundness

Spiculite (See also: Rock): Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F.
P., 19^5

Spit: Arnold, J. J., 1928; Atwill, E. R., 1942; Bruff,
S. C, 1946; Buwalda, J., 1936; Congressional
Documents, 1908e, 1938c, 194l, 19^9d; Davidson,
G., 1873c; Davis, W. M. , 1932; Dietz, R. S.,
1947b; Grant, U. S., 1938, 1940, 191*-1*-; Grant,
U. S. and Shepard, W. E., 1939; Gulliver, F. P.,
I896; Handin, J. W., 1949, 1951; Hanna, M. A.,
1926; Harris, F. R. and Harlow, E. H., 19h8;
Harts, W. W., 1901, 1911; Hawgood, H., 1911*;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Inman, D. L., 19^9; Isaacs,
J. D., 19*4-5d.; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N.,
1947; Johnson, A. G., 1940c; Kemnitzer, L. E.,
1933; Kniffen, F. B., 1932; Krumbein, W. C. and
Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; Leeds, C. T. , 1936; Leeds,

C. T., Vanoni, V. A- and Knapp, R. T., 1931*;
Leypoldt, H., 194lb; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939;
Mendenhall, W. C, 1905; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
Norris, R. M. , 1951, 1952; Olsson-Seffer, P.,
1910a; Orange County planning Commission, 1941;
Pardee, J. T., 1934; Pease, W. H., 1868; Purer,

E. A., 1942; Richardson, R. W., 1923; Shepard,

F. P., 1950c, 1952b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 1941; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L.,
1951a; Smith, W. D., 1933h, 1933c; Stevenson,
R. E., 195k; Storie, R. E. and Carpenter, E. J.,
1930; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Tower, M. L., 1910,
1913; Whittemore, G. F., 19l6, 1917, 1926

"Sporbo" (Also see: Iron Sulfides, Pyrite): Galliher, E.
W., 1932b

Spout Holes - see Minor Features, Rocky Coasts

Springs - see Submarine Oil and Gas Seeps, Submarine Springs

Stability - see Equilibrium

Stagnant Water, Stagnant or Toxic Conditions, Slack Water

(See also: Eh, Hydrogen Sulfide, Pollution, Reducing
or Anaerobic Environment, various factors bringing
about stagnant conditions, i.e. bacteria etc.):
Allen, W. E., 19^5; Bullock, F. W., 1933; Calif-
ornia Department of Public Health, 1951; Dall,
W. H., 1911; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Dietz, R. S.,
1952a; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 19^2; Emery, K. 0., 1952b, 1953a, 1954d;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Evans,
R. D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938; Fox,

D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D., 1944;
Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Hoots, H. W., 19^3;
Krumbein, W. C, 1942; McEwen, G. F., 1950;
Moberg, E. G. and Allen, W. E., 1927; Moore,

D. G-, 1951; Morrison, R. L., 1930; Revelle, R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; San Diego Regional
Water Pollution Control Board, 1952; Sverdrup,
H. U., 191+0g; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R.
J., 1932; Trask, P. D., 1939; Weber, B. V., 191*6;
Weeks, L. G., 1952; White, D., 1911; ZoBell, C.
E., 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 19^1, 19^2b, 1943, 19W,
1947c, 1947d, 1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Anderson,

D. Q., 1936; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas,
H. F., 1943

Standard Deviation (See also: Skewness): Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953c

Stone Lace - see Minor Features, Rocky Coasts

Storms (See also: Meteorology and Climate): Anonymous, l894a,
1915, 19l6a, 19l6b, 19l6d, 1925b, 1938a, 1940b, 19toc,
1940d, 194lb, 1951d, 1952f; Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950;
Allen, W. B., 1932; Allison, J. M., 1940; Andrews,
H. L., 1945; Army Air Forces, Weather Information
Branch, 1943; Bache, A. D., l856e, 1862; Bascom,
W. N., 1946b, 1947c, 1950b, 1950c; Bates, C. C.
and Glenn, A. H., 1948; Beach Erosion Board, 1942a,
1948b, 1948h, 1951, 1952b, 1953a, 1953c; Beals,

E. A., 1919; . Bell, W. E., Bassler, F. F., Buck,

F. E., Murphy, D. E., Writt, J. J. and Beauchamp,
E. E., 1944; Blake, D., 1935; Blinn, F. S., 1928;
Bond, A. H., 1927; Brown, E. I., 1939; Brown,

S. C, 1946; Bucher, W. H., 1940; California,
University of, 1952a, 1952b, 1952c; Campbell, M.
R., 1915; Chase, J. L., 1948; Congressional Docu-
ments, 1880c, 1908e, 1938a, 1940a, 1940b, 1940c,

1941, 19^2b, 1943, 1949b, I9^9c, l9^9d, 19^9-1950b,
1949? , 1953a, 1953h; Cram, C. M., 1931; Crooke,
R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953; Darrow, W.
E., I9U2"; Datz, M. and Others, 1953; Davis, W.
M., 1932, 1933, 1934; Deacon, G. E. R., 1949;
Donn, W. L., 1954; Dunkle, M. B., 1914-4; Eaton,

R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0., 19^, 1953b; Emery,
K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 1§48; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 19^1; Fisher, R. L. and Mills,
R., 1952; Friedman, S. L., 1949; Fries, A. A.,
1912; Gaillard, D. D., 1904; Gilbert, G. K., 1917;
Goldberg, J., 19^0; Gorton, A. F., 1930a, 1930b;
Grant, U. S., 1938; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F.
P., 1937, 1938a, 1938b, 1940; Gulliver, F. P.,
1896; Gutenberg, B., 1933, 1953; Haase, L. G.,
1926; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Hall, W. C, 19^1,
1942; Handin, J. W. , 1949; Harts, W. W., 1901,
1911; Hickson, R. E. and Rodolf, F. W., 1951;
Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission,
1930; Horrer, P. L., 1948b, 1950; Hughes, R. T.,
19^7; 1 Hurd, W. E., 1942; Inman, D. L., 1949,
1953a, 1953^; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N.,
1947; Isaacs, J. D. and Saville, T., Jr., X9k8;
Johnson, A. G., 1935, 1940c, 1951; Johnson, D.
W., 1910; Johnson, J. W., 1948b, 1949; Johnson,
J. W. and Isaacs, J. D., 1948; Jones, E. L.,
1918; Kaplan, K. and Pape, H. E., Jr., 1951;
Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933; Kniffen, F. B., 1932
(in Gulf of California); Krumbein, W. C, 1947,
1950; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Kuenen, Ph. H. and
Menard, H. W., 1952; Lang, H., 19l6; Lawton,
C. H., 1936; Leeds, C. T., 1915, 19l6, 1936;
Leypoldt, H., 1937b, 1941a; Lieber, A. C, Jr.,
1940; Los Angeles County Regional Planning
Commission, 1940; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939;
Lowell, F. L* L., 1915a; McEwen, G. F., 1935a,
1935b; McEwen, G. F. and Staff, 1948; McGee,
W. J., 1900; McGowan, W. C, 19l6; McKee, E. D.,
1953; McOuat, H. W., 1951; MacDonald, G. A.,
1931*-; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Mason, M. A.,

1942, 1949b, 1950a, 1950b; Means, T. H., 1929;
Moffitt, J. and Orr, R. T., 1938; Morrison, R.
L., 1930 (estuary); Munk, W. H., 1952; Munk, W.
H. and Arthur, R. S., 1952; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C.,
19^6; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1936b, 1939, I9UI,
19l+7b; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a; Orange County
Planning Commission, 194l; Page, G. B., 1950;
Palmer, A. H., 1917; Pardee, J. T., 1934; P'ei,
C. 1929; Purer, E. A., 1942; Putnam, J. A.,
1947; Putnam, W. C, 1940; Rawn, A. M. and
Bowerman, F. R., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939b; Richardson, R. W., 1923; Rolland,
M. C, 1952; Rosser, W. H., 187O; Sanchez, P.

C, 1934e; Sanford, J. J., 1908; Schupp, R. D.,
1953; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944c,
1944h, 1945b, 19521; Sears, C. B., 1876; Shepard,
F. P., 193 5d, 1936f, 1938b, 1938c, 1938f, 1940c,
194la, 1947b, 1950c, 1950g; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 1941, 1945; Shepard, F. P. and
Grant, U. S., 19^7; Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D.
L., 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C., 1940;
Shepard, F. P. and Sayner, D. B., 1953; Shepard,
F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Shipmasters and
Others, 1879; Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952; Sinnott, ■
A., 1941; Skeats, E. M., 1923; Smith, C. D., Jr..
1950; Smith, W. D., 1933a; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Stump, R. S., 1946a, 1946c; Stump, R. S. and
Hermanson, R. T., 1945b; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
194l, 1942a; Swinnerton, A. C, 1927; Symons, T.
W., 1893; Sweeney, J., 1930; Tanner, Z. L., 1892b;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Tilden, C. A., 1925; Todd,

D. K. and Wiegel, R. L., 1951, 1952; Tower, M. L.,
1910; Trask, P. D., 1952a; Troxell, H. C. and
Others, 1942; U. S. Hydrographic Office, 1875;
Vaughan, T. W., 1940; Verrlll, G. E., 1940;
Whitney, P. C, 1935; Whittemore, G. F., 19l6,
1928; Wiegel, R. L. and Kimberley, H. L., 1950;
Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H.

L-, 1953; Wiegel, R. L., Todd, D. K. and Kimberley,

H. L., 1950; Yale, C. G., 1879; Yates, L. G.,

1890c
Stratification - see Lamination
Stratification, Water: California, University of, 1946a;

Leipper, D. F., 1950; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

111

J. C.j 1951 (density stratification); Natland,
M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1949
(density stratification); Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
19^1; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1934; Sverdrup, H. U.
and Staff, 194l (density stratification); Young,
R. T., Jr., 1939 (density stratification)
Streams, Rivers: Anonymous, 1933a, 1933b, 1938a, 1940b, 1940d,
1951b; Allen, W. E.j 1920, 194la; Anderson, C. A.,
1950; Arnold, J. L., 1928; Ashley, G. H., 1931;
Bache, A. D., 1852, 1862; Barrows, A. L., 1917;
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H., I899; Blackman, J. W. B., 1936; Blake, J.,
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Carpenter, E. J. and Storie, R. E-, 1929; Cartwright,
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W. H., 1953; Emery, K. 0., 1950d, 1952a, 1954b,
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F. P., 1945; Ewlng, G. C, "1950c; Fairbanks,

H. W., 1904; Fox, C. K., 1936; Fox, D. L., 1950;
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Grant, U. S., 1940, 1944, 1946; Grant, U. S. and
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Handin, J. W., 1949; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick,
J. C, 1949; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Hinds, N. E. A.,
1952; Hobbs, W. H.j 1921; Holway, R. S., 1914;
Horton, D. F., 1948; Hyatt, E., 1935; Inman, D.
L., 194-9, 1950, 1953a; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom,
W. N.j 1947; Ives, R. L.j 1951; Jarvis, C. S.,
1921; Johnson, A. G., 1940; Johnson, D., 1944;
Johnson, W. M., 1855; Kenyon,- E. C, Jr., 1951;
Kindle, E. M., 1934; Kniffen, F. B., 1929, 1931,
1932; Erumbein, W. C, 1947; Lawson, A. C,
1893a, 1893b, 1894, 1914, 1950; Lawson, L. M.,
1950; LeConte, J., 189I; Leeds, C. T., 1915,
1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni, V. A. and Knapp, R.
T.j 1934; Livingston, A,, Jr., 1939; Louderback,

G. D., 1940, 1941; Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950;
McArthur, W. P., 185O; McEwen, G. F., 1940b; McKee,

E. D., 1939; MacGinitie, G. E., 1935; Marlette,
J. tf.j 1954; Maxson, J. H., 1931, 1932; Means,
T. H., 1928, 1931; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J.
C.j 1951; Moore, D. G. , 1951; Morrison, R. L.,
1930; Nelson, J. W., Dean, W. C, Kocher, A. E.,
Watson, E. B. and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Nelson,
J. W., Zinn, C. J., Strahorn, A. T., Watson, E. B.
and Dunn, J. E., 1919; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Q^Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1939;
Orange County Planning Commission, 194-1; Page, G.
B., 1950; Palmer, R. H., 1928; Place, J. L., 1952;
Purer, E. A., 1942; Putnam, W. C, 1937c, 1938;
Reagan, J. W., 1915; Revelle, R., I938, 1950;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Richardson,
R. W., 1923; Robertson, R. R., 1942; Sanchez, P.
C., 1934b, 1934c; San Francisco Bay Marine Piling
Committee, 1921; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Sears, C.
B., I876; Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F. P.,
1932, 1937b, 1937f, 194la, 1949d, 1950b, 1950c,
1950e, 1950f, 1952a; Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C.
N., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941 J
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1951b; Shepard,

F. P., Inman, D. L. and Fisher, R. L., 1951;

Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard,
F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939; Shuler, W. R.,
19 51; Smith, W. S. 3D., 1897, 1902; Spencer, J.
W., 189O; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Storie, R. E.
and Carpenter, E. J., 1929; Sumner, F. B., Louder-
back, G. D., Schmitt, W. L. and Johnston, E. C,
1914; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c; Swain, F. E., 1951;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Toit, A. L. du, 1940; Trask,
P. D., 1939, 1952b; Trask, P. D. and Rolston, J.
W., 1950a; Troxell, H. q. and Others, 1942; Twen-
hofel, W. H., 1943, 1946; Udden, J. A., 19l4;
Upham, W., I899; Upson, J. E., 1949a; U. S.
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi,
1935, 1950; Vickery, F. P., 1927a, 1927b; White,
D., 1911; Whiting, W. D. and Others, 1858;
Whittemore, G. F., 1928; Wiegel, R. L., Patrick,

D. A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1953; Wilson, M. E.,
1907; Wood, H. 0., 1915; Woodford, A. 0., 1951;
Wright, R., 1937; Yale, C. G., 1879; ZoBell, C.
E., 1947d t

Strike and Dip: Fox, L. S., 1930; Menard, H. W., Dill, R.

F. et al, 1954

Strontium: Lowenstam, H. A., 1954 (also Sr/ca); McEwen, G.

F., 1934a; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951;

Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Vaughan,

T. W., 1933
Submarine Cables. - see Engineering
Submarine Pipelines - see Engineering
Submarine Slopes - see Escarpments
Submarine Canyon, Sea Valley, Drowned Valley, Mock Valley

(See also: Rift Valley): Anonymous, 1927, 1939,

1940d, 194la; Allen, W. E., 194la; Averill, C.

V. and Others, 1946; Beach Erosion Board, 1948h,

I948i, I948j, 1949c, 1952b, 1953c, 1954a, 1954b;

Bell, H. S., 1942; Benest, H., I899; Bigelow, H.

B. and Leslie, M., 1930; Bruff, S. C, 1946;
Bucher, W. H., 1940; Buffington, E. C, 1951,
1952; Bullard, E. C., 1940; Burt, W. V. and
Saur, J. F. T., Jr., 1948; Butcher, W. S., 1951a
(sea valley); Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S.,
1952; Carter, G. F., 1948; Clements, T. and
Emery, K. 0., 1947; Cohee, G. V:, 1938; Colbert,
L. 0., 1939; Congressional Documents, 1940a, 1949-
1950b, 1953b; Crandall, H., 1915; Crowell, J. C,
1950, 1952; Darrow, W. E., 1942; David, L., 1947;
Davidson, G., 1887, 1897; Davis, W. M. , 1932,

1933; Dietz, R. s., 1947b, 1952a, 1952b, 1953, 1954;
Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0., 1938a; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b; Dill,
R. F., 1952; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart,
H., 1952, 1954; Dunham, J. W., 1951; Eaton, J.
E., 1932, 1939; Emery, K. 0., 194la, 1950c, 1952a,
1952b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R.,
and Shepard, F. P., 1952 (sea valley); Emery,
K. 0. and Natland, M-. L., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 194l, 1945; Emery, K. 0. and
Tschudy, R. H., 194l; Ewing, G. C, 1950b;
Fairbanks, H. W., 1897, 1904; Fewkes, J. W.,
1889; Fisher, R. L. and Mills, R., 1952; Ford,
J. L. C, 1942; F*iedman, S. L., 1949; Galliher,

E. W., 1935b, 1935c; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki,
K. L., 1950; Goldberg, J., 1940; Grant, U. S.
and Sheppard, W. E., 1939; Griffin, D. F., 1944;
Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F.,
1949; Handin, J. W., 1949, 195I; Hanna, G. D.,
1952; Hershey, 0. H., 1903; Hess, H. H. and
MacClintock, P., 1936; Hill, R. T., 1928b; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952; Holway, R. S., 1905, 19l4;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Horrer, P. L., 1950; Hubbs,

C. L. and Rechnizer, A. B., 1952; Inman, D. L.,
1949, 1950, 1953a, 1953b; Isaacs, J. D. , Schorr,
S. and Chinn, A. J., 1947; Jenkins, 0. P., 1943a,
1943b; Jones, E. L., 19l8; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947;
Landes, K. K. , 1952a, 1952b; Lawson, A. C, 1893a,
1924, 1948, 1950; LeConte, J., 189I; Leeds, C.
T., 1936; Leipper, D. F., 1950; Littlehales, G.
W., 1932a; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Louderback,

G. D., 1919; Ludwick, J. C., Jr., 1950; McEwen,
G. F., 1916, 1927; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
MacDonald, G. A., Shepard, F. P. and Cox, D. C,
1947; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Marlette, J. W., 1954;
Maxson, J. H., 1932; Menard, H. W. and Dietz, R.
S., 1951; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951;
Milner, F., 194l; Moore, D. G., 1951; Munk, W.

112

Special Report 44

H., 1948; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1947;
Murray, H. W., 1939; Nicholson, G. F. , Grant, U.
S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
Morris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a;
Page, G. B., 1950; Peel, K. P., 1951; Phleger,

F. B., 1951; Putnam, W. C, 1938; Reed, R. D.,
1933a, 1934; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939a, 1939b, 1943; Richter, C. M., 1887; Rich-
ardson, R. W., 1923; Ritter, W. E., 1902; Rude,

G. T., 1933; Schaffer, F. X., 1940?; Schupp,

R. D., 1953; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
19^5a, 191+5b, 19521, 1953d, 1953f; Shepard, F.
P., 1931, 1932, 1933a, 1933b, 1933c, 1934a, 1934b,
1934c, 1935a, 193 5b, 1935c, 193 5e, 1936a, 1936b,
1936c, 1936d, I936e, 1936f, 1936g, 1936h, 1937a,
1937b, 1937d, 1937e, 1937g, 1938a, 1938b, 1938c,
1938d, 1938e, 191+Oe, 191+lb, 19UIC, 1942b, 1942c,
1943a, 1946, I9^7a, 1947b, 1948a, 1948b, 1948c,
1948d, 1949a, 19^9b, 1949c, I949d, l9^9e, 1950a,
1950b, 1950c, L950d, 1950e, 1950g, 1951a, 1951b,
1951c, 1951d, 1951e, 1952a, 1953; Shepard, F. P.
and Beard, C. N.', 1938; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 1937, 194l, 1945; Shepard, F. P., Emery,
K. 0. and LaFond, E. C, 194l; Shepard,

F. P. and inman, D. L., 1949, 1951a,
1951b; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,

G. A., 1934, 1938; Shepard, F. P.,
Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939; Shepard, F.
P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and Emery, K. 0.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Sayner, D. B., 1953;
Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C., 1939; Shepard,
F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Shuler, W. R., 1952;
Shumway, G. A., 1953; Skogsberg, T., 1936; Smith,
A. G. and MacKenzie, G., Jr., I9U8; Smith, J. P.,
1910; Smith, P. A., 19to; Smith, W. D., 1933a;
Smith, W. S. T., 1900, 1902; Spencer, J. W.,
189O; Stelzenmuller, W. B., 1949; Stevenson, R.
E., 1954; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c, 1940e, 1944b;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1941, 1942, 1943b;
Tanner, Z. L., 1892b, 189*4-; Toit, A. L. du, 1940;
Traak, P. D., 1931b; Treasher, R. C, 1937; Uchupi,
E., 1954; Upham, W. , 1890, 1899; Upson, J. E.,
1949b; Vaughan, T. W., I936; Weeks, L. G. , 1952;
Whitcroft, H. T., 1944; Williams, E. A. and Isaacs,
J. D., 1952; Wittich, E., 1920; Wood, H. 0., 1915;
Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Submarine Canyons, Age of: Crowell, J. C, 1952; Emery, K.
0., 194la; Emery, K. 0. and shepard, F. P., 1945;
Handin, J. W., 1949; Hess, H. H. and MacClintock,
P-, 1936; Jenkins, 0. P., 1943b; Shepard, F. P.,
1935a, 1935e, 1936g, 1938f, 1948d, 1949d; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P. and
Stetson, H. C, 1939; Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Submarine Canyons, Changes in, Depth Changes, Cut and Fill,
Submarine Slumping, Turbidity Currents. Generally
applied to head of submarine canyons. (See also:
Submarine Canyons, Head of): Anonymous, 1939;
Beach Erosion Board, 1952b; Buffington, E. C,
1952; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Inman,
D. L., 1949, 1950; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Ludwick,
J. C, jr., 1950; Marlette, J. w., 1954; Norris,
R. M., 1951; Scrippe Institution of Oceanography,
19521, 1953d, 1953f; Shepard, F. P., 193^, 1935a,
1936d, I936f, 1937a, 1938b, 1938c, 1939c, I94ia,
19^6, 1948b, 1948c, I948d, 1949b, 1949c, 1949e,
1950d, 1950g, 1951a, 1951d, 1952a, 1953; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19^1; Shepard, F. P. and
Inman, D. L., 1951b; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c

Submarine Canyons, Characteristics: Bucher, W. H., 1940;
Cohee, G. V., 1938; Crowell, J. C, 1950, 1952;
Davis, W. M., 1933; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S.
and Stewart, H., 1952, 1954; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Hess, H. H. and MacClintock, P., 1936;
Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Landes,
K. K. , 1952a; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Maxson, J.
H., 1932; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. c., 1951;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle, R. and shepard, F.
P-, 1939b; Richardson, R. W., 1923; Schupp, R.
D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1931, 1933a, 1933b, 1934a,
1934b, 1935a, 1935b, 1935c, 1936g, 1937b, 1937e,
1938a, 1938f, (comparison with land valleys), 1940b,
1940e, 194lc, 1943a, 1946, 1947a, 1948b, 1949b, I949e,
1950d, 1950e, 1951c, 1951e; Shepard, F. P. and

Beard, C N. , 1938; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K.
0., 194l (comparison with land valleys); Smith,
W. S. T., 1902; Toit, A. L. du, 1940; Upham, W.,
1899; Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Submarine Canyons, Currents in: Crowell, J. C., 1952; Dill,
R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Handin,
J. W., 19^9; Leipper, D. F., 1950; Revelle, R.
and Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1939b; Ritter, W. E.,
1902; Shepard, F. P., 1933c, 1936g, 1940e, 194la,
1947b, 1948b, 1951e; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 194l; Smith, W. S. T., 1902; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Staff, 1943b; Toit, A. L. du, 1940

Submarine Canyons, Distribution of: Crowell, J. C, 1952;
Davidson, G., 1887; Hess, H. H. and MacClintock,
P., 1936; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Lawson, A. C,
1950; LeConte, J., 189I; MacDonald, G. A.,
193^; Norris, R. M. , 1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a;
Richardson, R. W., 1923; Shepard, F. P., 1931,
1933b, 1933c, I93^b, 1935a, 1935b, I935e, 1936c,
1936h, 1937d, 1937g, 1938a, 194lb, 1943a, 1949e,
1953; Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938; She-
pard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1937, 19^1; Smith,
W. S. T., 1900; Spencer, J. W., I89O; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Staff, 1941; Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Submarine Canyons, Floor of: Anonymous, 1939; Beach Erosion
Board, 1954b; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congressional
Documents, 1953b; Davidson, G., 1887, 1897;
Davis, W. M., 1933; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S.
and Stewart, H., 1954; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph.
H., 1947; Landes, K. K., 1952a; MacDonald, G.
A., 1934; Marlette, J. W., 1954; Menard, H. W.
and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Ritter, W. E., 1902;
Schupp, R. D., 1952; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 19521; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933b,
1933c, I93^b, 1935a, I935e, 1936d, I936f, 1937b,
1937e, 1938a, 1939d, 1940a, 1940b, 194la, 1947b,
1948b, 1948c, ,1948d, 1949b, 1949d, 1949e, 1950a,
1950d, 1951a, 1951b, 1951d, I95le, 1952a, 1953;
Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N. , 1938; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P.
and Inman, D. L., 1949; Shepard, F. P. and
MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P., Revelle,
R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939; Smith, W. S. T.,
1902; Tanner, Z. L., 1892b; Toit, A. L. du,
1940 ; Weeks, L. G., 1952; Woodford, A. 0.,
1951

Submarine Canyons, Gradient of: Cohee, G. V., 1938;

Congressional Documents, 1953b; Crowell, J. C,
1952; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H.,
195^; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R.,
and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Handin, J. W., 1949;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1950;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952J
Marlette, J. w., 195^; Moore, D. G-, 1951;
Murray, H. W., 1939; Rude, G. T., 1933; Schupp,
R. D., 1953; Shepard, F. P., 1934a, 193^c, 1935a,
1937a, 1937b, 1937e, I938f, 1948b, I950d, 1950e,
1951d; Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Smith,
W. S. T., 1902; Spencer, J. W., 189O; Toit, A.
L. du, 1940; Upham, W., 1899; Woodford, A. 0.,
1951

Submarine Canyons, Head of: Anonymous, 1939; Beach Erosion

Board, 1949c, 1952b; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congress-
ional Documents, 1953b; Crowell, J. C, 1950, 1952;
Davidson, G., 1897; Dunham, J. W. , 1951; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Fisher, R. L. and Mills, R., 1952;
Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Handin,
J. W., 1949; Inman, D. L., 19^9, 1950; Kuenen,
Ph. H., 1947; Lawson, A. C, 1950; Ludwick,
J. C, Jr., 1950; MacDonald, G. A., 1931*; Marl-
ette, J. W., 1954; Norris, R. M. , 1951; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 19521, 1953d, 1953f;
Shepard, F. P., 1933b, 1933c, 1935a, 1936d, 1936e,
1936f, 1937a, 1938e, 1940a, 194la, 1946, 1947a,
1948b, 1948c, 1949b, 1949c, 1949d, 1950a, 1950d,
1950g, 1951a, 1951b, 1951d, 1951e, 1952a, 1953;
Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P. and
Inman, D. L., 1951a, 1951b; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

113

Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Submarine Canyons, Lobs of Sediment into (See also: Sediment-
ation, Sediment Trap): Congressional Documents,
1953b; Goldberg, J., 1940'; Griffin, D. F., 1944;
Handin, J. W., 1951; Marlette, J., 1954; Nichol-
son, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and
Crowell, J. C, 1946; Page, G. B., 1950; Phleger,
F. B., 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1933b; Shepard, F.
P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P. and
MacDonald, G. A., 1938 (influence of canyons on
sediment distribution)

Submarine Canyons, Origin of:

Currents: Bucher, W. H., 1940; Crowell, J. C.,
1950, 1952; Davis, W. M., 1933; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
1947; Lawson, A. C., 1924; Reed, R. D., 1933a;
Shepard, F. P., 1933a, 1933c, 1934b, 1935a, 1935b,
1936f, 1936g, 1938e, 1938f, 1940b, 1948b; Shepard,

F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Smith, W. S. T.,
1902; Toit, A. L. du, 1940; Upson, J. E., 1949b
Density or Turbidity Currents, Mudf lows , Submarine
Landslides", Slumping: Bell, H. S., 1942; Bucher,
W. H., 1940; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Crowell, J.
C, 1950; Davis, W. M., 1932, 1933; Emery, K.
0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1952; Hess, H. H. and MacClintock, P., 1936;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947;
Landes, K. K., 1952a; Shepard, F. P., 1933a, 1936f,
l936g, 1937b, 1938a, 1938c, I938f, 1943a, 1948b,
1948c, 1949b, 19^9e, 1951c, 1951d, 1951e, 1952a,
1953; Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N. , 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l, 19^5;
Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C,
I9IH; Toit, A. L. du, 19^0; Weeks, L. G., 1952;
Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Subaerial; Benest, H., 1899; Bucher, W. H., 1940;
Bullard, E. C, 1940; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Cohee,

G. V., 1938; Crowell, J. C, 1950, 1952; Davis,
W. M., 1932; Emery, K. 0., 1950c; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Fairbanks, H. W., 1897; Fewkes, J. W., 1889;
Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Grant, U. S. and Sheppard,
W. E., 1939; Hershey, 0. H., 1903; Hess, H. H.
and MacClintock, P., 1936; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Landes, K. K., 1952a;
Lawson, A. C, l893a, 1924; LeConte, J., 189I;
Livingston, A., Jr., 1937; Louderback, G. D., 1919;
Maxson, J. H., 1932; Reed, R. D., 1933a; Shepard,
F. P., 1931, 1933a, 1933b, 1933c, 1934b, 1935a,
1935b, 1935c, I935e, 1936c, 1936g, I936h, 1937b,
1938a, 1938f, 1940b, 19toe, 194lb, 194lc, 1943a,
1948b, 1948c, 1949b, 1949d, I949e, 1951c, 195le,
1952a, 1953; Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N.,
1938; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shepard, F. P. and Stetson, H. C, 1939; Smith,

W. S. T., 1900, 1902; Spencer, J. W., 189O; Toit,
A. L. du, 1940; Uchupi, E., 1954; Upham, W.,
I89O, 1899; Upson, J. E.,' 1949b; Woodford, A.
0., 1951

Submarine Spring Sapping: Benest, H., 1899; Bucher,
W. H., 1940; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Kuenen, Ph.
H.. 1947; Shepard, F. P., 1933a, 1933c, 1943a,
1948c, 1949b, 1949e; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 1941; Toit, A. L. du, 1940
Structural, Diastrophism Including Faulting:
Fairbanks, H. W., 1897; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Lawson, A. C, 1893, 1924;
Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Reed, R. D. , 1933a;
Richardson, R. W., 1923; Shepard, F. P., 1931,
1933a, 1933c, 1934b, 1935a, 1935b, 1938e, 1948c,
1949b, 1949e, 1951c; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,
K. 0., 194-1; Smith, W. S. T., 1900, 1902; Toit,
A. L. du, 1940; Woodford, A. 0., 1951
Tunamis: Bucher, W. H., 1940; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
195T1 Shepard, F. P., 1948c, 1949b, 1949e;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194-1
Other; Davis, W. M., 1932, 1933; Eaton, J. E.,
1939; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Kuenen, Ph. H.,
1947; Landes, K. K., 1952a; Putnam, W. C,
1938; Shepard, F. P., 1931, 1933a, 1940d, 194lc,
1946, 1949b, 1950d, 1951c, 1951e, 1952a; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., l§4l, 1945; Spencer, J.

w., 1890

Submarine Canyons, Profiles of: Crowell, J. C, 1950, 1952;

Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947;
Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953d; Shepard, F. P., 1937a, 1938f,
1939c, 1948b, 1948d, 1949e, 1950a, 1950g, 1951a,
1951d; Shepard, F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Smith,
W. S. T., 1902; Woodford, A. 0., 1951

Submarine Canyons, Terminal End including Delta at the

Terminal end of Canyons: Crowell, J. C, 1950;
Davis, W. M., 1933; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S.
and Stewart, H., 1952 and 1954 (delta origin);
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Ford, J. L. C, 1942;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Landes, K. K., 1952a;
Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950; Menard, H. W. and
Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Shepard, F. P., 1933b, 1934b,
1938e, 1940b, 194la, 1948b, 1948c, 1950d, 1951a,
1951b, 1951d, 1951e, 1952a, 1953; Shepard, F. P.
and Emery, K. 0., 1941 J Toit, A. L. du, 1940

Submarine Canyons, Walls of: Beach Erosion Board, 1949c

(elope), 1954b; Cohee, G. V., 1938; Congressional
Documents, 1953b; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Davis,
W. M. , 1933; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1942; Emery, K. 0., 194la;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1941, 1945; Handin, J. W. , 1949; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1950; Kuenen, Ph.
H., 1947; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Menard, H. W.
and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Murray, H. W. , 1939;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939b; Richardson, R. W., 1923; Shepard,
F. P., 1933b, 1934a, 1934c, 1935a, 1935b, 1935c,
l935e, I936f, I936g, 1937b, I937e, 1938c, I938e,
1938f, 1939<1, 19^0a, 1940b, 194la, 1943a, 1946,
1947a, 1947b, 1948b, 1948c, 1948d, 1949b, 1949<i,
1949e, 1950e, 1951a, 1951e, 1952a, 1953; Shepard,

F. P. and Beard, C. N., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 1941, 194-5; Smith, A. G. and MacKenzie,
G., Jr., 1948; Smith, W. S. T., 1902; Toit, A.

L. du, 1940 ; Vaughan, T. W., 1936; Woodford, A.
0., 1951

Submarine Mountains (See also: Banks, Seamounts): Anonymous,
1951a; Belknap, G. E., l874b; Blake, W. P.,
1856; Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 1947;
Colbert, L. 0., 1940; Davidson, G., l875b; Emery,
K. 0., 1947a, 1947c; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 194-1; Hill, R. T.,
1928a; Littlehales, G. W., I89O, 1932a; Pagen-
hart, E. H., 1931; Shepard, F. P., 1937g, 1940a;
Smith, P. A., 1940 (also submarine mountain range);
Tanner, Z. L., 1892b, 1894

Submarine Oil and Gas Seeps (See also: Submarine Springs):
Alliott, H., 1917; Armstrong, T. A., 1954; Beach
Erosion Board, 1948h; Blackman, J. W. B., 1936;
Blake, W. P., 1853, 1856; Congressional Documents,
1954b; Dietz, R. S. and LaFond, E. C, 1950;
Dill, %. F., 1949; Eldridge, G. H., 1901; Emery,
K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Fewkes, J. W.,
1889; Fox, L. S., 1930; Hansen, H. A. and
Pemberton, J. R., 1950; Heizer, R. F.. 1943;
Heizer, R. F. and Treganza, A. E., 1944; Kemnitzer,
W. J., 1937; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; MacDonald,

G. A., 1934; Merrill, F. J. H. , 1911*; Nicholls,
C. P. L., 1936c; Purcell, G. , 19l4; Reed, R. D.,
1938; Skeats, E. M., 1923; Taber, S., 1920

Submarine Slumping, Landslides, Mudflows (See also: Cut and/or
Fill; Submarine Canyons, Origin of; Turbidity
Currents): Beach Erosion Board, 1952b, 1954b;
Brown, E. I., 1939; Bucher, W. H., 1940; Buffing-
ton, E. C, 1952; Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Crowell,
J. C.j 1952; Davis, W. M., 1933; Dietz, R. S.,
1952a, 1952b; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W.,
1951b; Dill, R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H.,
1954; Emery, K. 0., 1953b, 1954b; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Emiliani,
C, 1954; Galliher, E. W., 1935b, 1935c; Garrison,
L. E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Handin, J. W.,
1949; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953b; Krumbein, W.
C, 1942; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; Kuenen, Ph. H.
and Menard, H. W. , 1952; Lawson, A. C.j 1950;
Ludwick, J. C.j Jr., 1950; Menard, H. W., and

114

Special Report 44

Ludwick, J. C., 1951; Paguirigan, F., 194l;
Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 1942; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Sanchez, P. C,
1934c; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953d, 1953f; Shepard, F. P., 1933b, 1933c,
1934b, 1935a, 1935b, 1936f, 1937a, 1938a, 1938c,
1938e, 1939c, 1939<i, 1940a, 1940d, 19U0e, 19Ula,
1947a, 1947b, 19^8b, 1948c, 19^9b, 1949c, 1949d,
I949e, 1950a, 1950d, 1950g, 1951a, 1951b, 1951c,
I95ld, 1952a, 1953; Smith, w. D., 1933b, 1933c;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c; Walters, L., 1953

Submarine Springs (See also: Submarine Canyons, Origin of;
Submarine Oil and Gas Seeps): Benest, H., 1899;
Blake, W. P., 1855; Dill, R. F., 1949; Smith,
W. S. T., 1902 (subterranean streams)

Submarine Structures. (See also: Submarine Topography,

various submarine topographic structures): Fox,
L. S., 1930; Weaver, C. E., 1944

Submarine Terraces - see Terraces, Submarine

Submarine Topography (See also various submarine topographic
structures): Anonymous, 1940d, 194la; Arthur,
R. S., 1950; Bartsch, P., 1921a; Beach Erosion
Board, 1939, 1948i; Belknap, G. E., l874a, l874b;
Berghaus, H., 189I; Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie,
M., 1930; Blake, W. P., 1856; Brown, E.I.,
1939; Bruff, S. C, 19^; Buffington, E. C,
1951; Burt, W. V. and Saur, J. F. T., 1948;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Buwalda, J., 1936; Carsola,
A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Clements, T. and
Emery, K. 0., 1947; Colbert, L. 0., 1939; Congress-
ional Documents, 1953b; Crooke, R. c., Elvitsky,
A. W., et al, 1953; Crosley, W. S. , 1927; Crouch,
R. W., 1951; Daly, R. A., 1934; Davidson, G. ,
1887, 1897; Davis, W. M., 1932; Dietz, R. S.,
1938, 1954; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W.,
1951b; Dietz, R. S., Menard, H. rf. and Hamilton,
E. L., 1954; Dill, R. F., 1952; Dunham, J. W.,
1951; Dyk, K. and Swainson, 0. W., 1953; Eardley,
A. J., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 194la, 1947a, 1947c,

1948, 1950b, 1951, 1952a, 1953a; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Ewing, G. C, 1950b, 1950c; Fleming, J. A.,
Sverdrup, H. U. , Ennis, C. C, Seaton, S. L. and
Hendrix, W. C, 1945; Fleming, R. H , 1937-1938,
1939b; Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Garrison, L. E.
and Takaeaki, K. L., 1950; Gilbert, J. Y. and
Allen, W. E., 1943; Goreline, D. S., 1954;
Gutenberg, B., Richter, C. F. and Wood, H. 0.,
1932; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Handin, J. W. , 1951;
Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1949; Hill,

R. T., 1928b; Hinds, N. E. A.. 1952; Holway,
R. S., 1905; Hoots, H. W., 1943; Horrer, P. L.,

1949, 1950; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1950, 1953a;
Johnson, A. G., 1935; Johnson, C. W., 1953;
Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933, 1936; Knox, B. W., 1953;
Koczy, F. F., 195^; Kossina, E., 1921; LaFond,
E. C, Dietz, R. S. and Knauss, J. A., 1950;
Landes, K. K., 1952a; Lawson, A. C, 1924; Leeds,
C. T., Vanoni, V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934;
Leipper, D. F., 1950; Lesser, R. M., 1951;
Littlehalee, G. W., 1890, 1932a, 1932b; Longwell,

C. R., 1942; Louderback, G. D., 1951; Ludwick,
J. C, Jr., 1950; McEwen, G. F., 19l6, 1927;
McManus, A. B. and Collins, E. B., 1934; MacDonald,
G. A., 1931*-; Marlette, J. W., 1951*; Menard, H.

W. and Dietz, R. S., 1951; Menard, H. W., Dill,
R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore, D. G., Shumway,
G., Silverman, M. and Stewart, H. B., 1954;
Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Moore,

D. G., 1951; Morey, B. F., 1944; Morrison, R.
L., 1930; Moberg, E. G. and Allen, W. E., 1927;
Munk, W. H., 1940, 1948; Munk, W. H. and Traylor,
M. A., 19^7; Murray, H. W., 1939; Nicholson,

G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M , 1951; O'Brien, M.
P., 1936a; O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson, J. W. ,
1947; Osorio'Tafall, B. F., 1943; Putnam, J.
A., Munk, w. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1949; Raitt,
R. W., 1950, 1954; Remondino, P. C, 1892;
Revelle, R., 1938, 1939b, 1943, 1950; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1939b, 1943; Richter,
C. M., 1887; Rude, G. T., 1933; Sanchez, P. C,
1934c; Saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950; Saville, T.,
Jr., and Caldwell, J. M., 1953; Schneider, W. A.,

1954; Schupp, R. D., 1953; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1945b, 19^9a, 1951J, 1951L, 1952e,
1952i, 1953e; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933b, 1938b,
1938f, I938i, 1939e, 1940c, 194la, I94lb, 1948b,
1949a, 1949b, 1949e, 1950c, 1950d, 1950e, 1950f,
1951a, 1953; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951a, 1951b;
Shepard, F. P. and Sayner, D. B., 1953; Shepard,
F. P. and Wrath, W. F. , 1937; Shuck, 0. T., 1869;
Shuler, W. R., 1952; Skogsberg, T., 1936; Smith,
P. A., 1940; Smith, W. D., 1933b, 1933=; Smith,
W. S. T., 1897; Stevenson, R. E., 1951*; Stock,
C, 1935; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a, 1939b, 1939c,
1940b, 1940e; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1943b,
1947a; Tanner, Z. L., 1894; Thorn, W. T., Jr., 1938;
Thompson, W. C, 1949; Tibby, R. B., 1939; Tower,
M. L., 1910; Trask, P. D., 1927b, 1931a, 1931b,
1932a, 1939; Trask, P. D. and Hammar, H. E., 1931;
Trowbridge, W. P., 1856b; Twenhofel, W. H., 194-3;
Uchupi, E., 1954; Vaughan, T. W., 1940; Ward, H.
A., 1952; Warner, S. E., 1946a, 1946b; Wharton,
M., 1948; Whiter oft, H. T., 1944; Williams, E.
A* and Isaacs, J. D. , 1952; Wisser, E., 1951*;
ZoBell, C. E., 1938

Submarine Vulcanism - see Vulcanism

Submarine Weathering: Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Holzman, J.
E., 1950; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953e; Shepard, F. P., 1949b, 1952a; Shepard,

F. P., and Emery, K. 0., 19^1

Submergence (See also: Diastrophism, Warping): Anonymous,
1925a; Anderson, C. A., 1950; Arnold, D. and
Arnold, R., 1902; Ashley, G. H., 1931; Averill,
C. F. and Others, 1946; Barrows, A. L., 1913;
Beach Erosion Board, 1948j; Blake, J., 1868b;
Buwalda, J. P., 1927, 1936; Clements, T., 1946;
Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938b; Corey, W. H., 1951,
1952; Cotton, C. A., 1942; Davidson, G., 1884;
Davis, W. M., 1931, 1932, 1933; Dietz, R. S.,
1947b; Diller, J. S., 1901; Dunkle, M. B., 1944;
Eardley, A. J., 1954; Eaton, J. E., 1943; Emery,
K. 0., 1947b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emiliani, C. and
Epstein, S., 1953; Emmonds, S. F. and Merrill, G.
P., 1894; Fairbanks, H. W., 1897; Galliher, E. W.,
1935c; Gilluly, J., 1949; Goldberg, J., 1940;
Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hanna, M. A., 1§26; Hershey,
0. H., 1903; Hill, R. T., 1928b; Hinde, H. P.,
1952; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Howard, A. D., 1951;
Holway, R. S., 19l4; Jeffreys, H., 1931*; Jenkins,
0. P., 1943b; Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933; Krumbein,
W. C, 1947; Lawson, A. C, 1893b, 1894; LeConte,
J., I89I; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Louderback,

G. D., 1930; Lucke, J. B., 1938; Ludwick, J. C,
jr., 195O; MacDonald, G. A., 1934; Maxson, J.
H., 1932; Menard, H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton,

E. L., Moore, D. G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M. and
Stewart, H. B., 1954; Merrill, F. J. H. , 1915;
Norris, R. M., 1951; Osmont, V. C, 19o£; Pratt,
W. E., 1947; Putnam, W. C, 1930, 1937c; Richard-
son, R. W., 1923; Sanchez, P. C, 1934a, 193^;
Shaler, N. S., 1892, 1895; Shepard, F. P., 1933a,
1933b, 1933c, I93^b, 1935a, 1935b, 1936c, 1938f,
1938h, 1941a, I94lb, 1943a, 1948c, I948d, 1949b,
1949e, 1950e, 1951c, 1951e, 1952a, 1953; Shepard,

F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Smith, J. P., 1910;
Smith, W. D., 1930, 1933a, 1933b, 1933c; Smith,
W. S. T., 1900; Spencer, J. W., I89O; Stevenson,
R. E., 1954; Thayer, W. N., 19l6; Thompson, W.
0., 1937; Toit, A. L. du, 1940; Twenhofel, W. H.,
1943; Upham, W., 1899; Weaver, D. K., 1937;
Weeks, L. G., 1952; Whitney, J. D., 1865; Willis,
B., 1900; Woodring, W. P. and Kew, W. S. W., 1932

Subsidence (See also: Diastophism, Warping): Anonymous,

1949b, 1952i; Anderson, C. A., 1941; Ashley, G.
H., I895, I896; Bandy, 0. L., 1953b; Beach Erosion
Board, 1948i, 1948j; Blake, W. P., 1898; Bowlus,
F. D., 1943; Bucher, W. H., 1940; Carsola, A. J.
and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Clements, T. and Dana, S.
W., 1944; Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 19^7;
Congressional Documents, 1953a; Crowell, J. C.,
1952; Dickerson, R. E-, 1922; Dietz, R. S.,
Menard, H. W. and Hamilton, E. L., 1954; Diller,
J. S., 1902; Dunkle, M. B., 1950; Emiliani, C,
1954; Fairbanks, H. W., 1904; Fewkes, J. W.,
.1889; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Gilluly, J. and Grant,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

115

U. S., 1947; Grant, U. S., 194l, 1944; Grant,
U. S. and Sheppard, W.:E., 1939; Handin, J. W.,
1949; Harris, F. R. ahd Harlow, E. H., 1947;
Hertlein, L. G. and Emerson, W. K. , 1953; Kuenen,
Ph. H., 1947; Landes, K. K., 1952a, 1952b;
Lawson, A. C, 19l4, 1950; Leonard, A. G., 1925;
Leypoldt, H., 1934, 1938, 1947; Leypoldt, H. and
McHenry, J. R., 1942; Louderback, G. D., 1951;
McHenry, J. R., 1942; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952;
Merriam, P. D., 1949; Nelson, N. C, 1909, 1910;
Page, G. B., 1950, Parkin, E. J., 19*4-8; Rappleye,
H. S., 1933; Reagan, J. W., 1915; Revelle, R.,
1950; Ritter, W. E-, 1901; Sanchez, P. C, 1934c;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953e;
Shepard, F. P., 1933b, 1936g, 1940b, 1949d;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941; Shuler,
W. R., 1951, 1952; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Sosedko,
A. F., 1950; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Stock, C.
and Furlong, E. L., 1928; Stockman, L. P., 1949a,
1949b, 19V?c; Stormont, D. H., 1954b; Taylor, A.

E. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Thorn, W. T., Jr., 1938;
Tower, M. L., 1913; Upham, W., 189O; Whittemore,
G. F., 1926; Whitworth, G. W., 1932; Weaver, C.
E., 1949; Wilson, M. E. , 1907; Wood, H. 0.,

1915
Subsurface of Beach: Anonymous, 1938a
Subterranean Streams - see Submarine Springs
Sulfate - see Sulfate/chloride Ratio (SO^/Cl), Sulfur
Sulfate /Chloride Ratio (S0^/ci). (See also: Chlorinity,

Sulfur): Emery, K. 0., 1954d; Emery, K. 0. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; McEwen, G. F., 1934a;
Smith, P. v., Jr., 1954
Sulfur including Sulfates (See also: Hydrogen Sulfide, Iron
Sulfides, Pyrite, Sulfate/chloride Ratio):
Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; California Department of
Public Health, 1951; Dill, R. F. , 1952; Emery,
K. 0., 1946b, 1954d; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 195i, 1952; Evans, R. D., Kip, A. F. and
Moberg, E. G. , 1938; Fox, D. L., 1950; Fox, D.
L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952;
Galliher, E. W. , 1933, 1935a, 1935c; Gee, H.,
1932; Koe, K. B., Fox, D. L. and Zechmeister, L.,
1950; Lipman, C. B., 1929; McEwen, G. F., 1934a;
McKee, E. D. , 1953; Miller, R. C, Ramage, W. D.
and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moulton, G. F. , 1928;
Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S.
C.j 194l; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936c; Revelle,
R., 194l, 1950; Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0.,
1951; Rittenberg, S. C, 194l; Rosenfeld, W. D.,
1948; Sisler, F. D. and ZoBell, C. E., 1950,
1951a, 1951b; Smith, P. V., Jr., 1954; Stanton,
T. E., Jr., 1938; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l; Thayer, L. A.,
1937; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932;
Trask, P. D., 1934, 1936, 1939; Trask, P. D.
and Wu, C. C, 1930a, 1930b; Updegraff, D. M.,
1948; Vaughan, T. W., 1935a, 1940; White, D.,
1911 ; Wright, R., 1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1935,
1936, 1938, 1939, 1941, 1942a, 1942b, 1942c,
1943, 1944, 1946b, 1946-1947, 1947b, 1947c, 1947d,
1949, 1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B.,
1942; ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H.
F., 1943
Sulphur etum (see also: Sulfur): Galliher, E. W., 1933
Surf Beat (See also: Seiches, Surge): Dietz, R. s. and

Menard, H. W. , 1951b; Inman, D. L., 1950, 1953b;
Mason, M. A., 1951; Munk, W. H., 1949a; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1953c; Shepard, P.
P. and Inman, D. L., 1949; Vanoni, V. A. and
Carr, J. H , 1951; Williams, E. A. and Isaacs,
J. D., 1952
Surge (See also: Channels, Seiches, Surf Beat): Bascom,
W. N., 1946b, 1950b; Broshous, C. R., 1938;
Chase, J. L., 1948; Congressional Documents,
1940c; Gerhardt, J. R. and Jehn, K. H., 1954;
Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hughes, R. T., 1947;
Johnson, J. W. , 1947b, 1948a; Knapp, R. T., 1951,
1952; Knapp, R. T. and Vanoni, V. A., 1945;
Mason, M. A., 1949b; Peel, K. P., 1951; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 19521, 1953c;
Shepard, F. P., 1949b (bottom surge); Swain,

F. E., 19 51; U. S. Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1947a, 1947b, 1949;
Vanoni, V. A. and Carr, J. H., 1951; Williams,
E. A. and Isaacs, J. D., 1952

Suspended Sediment, Detritus etc. (See also: Concentration
of Sediment in the Surf Zone, Creep, Littoral
Drift, Rip Currents, Transport of Sediment):
Anonymous, 1938a, 1944b, 1952f; Allen, W. E.,
194l (suspended datoms); Beach Erosion Board,
1948a, 1948b, 1948h, 1953c; Bullard, F. M. and
Mills, R. A., 1951; California Department of
Public Health, 1951; California, University of,
1952a, 1954b; Congressional Documents, 1908a, 1938a,
1949f; Crooke, R. C., Elvitsky, A. W. , et al,
1953; Dietz, R. S., 1952a, 1953; Eaton, R. 0.,
1951; Elliott, F. E., Tressler, W. L. and Myers,
W. H., 1953; Emery, K. 0., 1954b (also saltation),
1954a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Gale, J. F., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R.
H., 1941; Fox, D. L., 1937; Fox, D. L., Isaacs,
J. D. and Corcoran, E. F., 1952; Fox, D. L.,
Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D., 1944; Fox,
L. S., 1930; Gillette, C. E., 1905; Goldberg,

E. D., Bakei*, M. and Fox, D. L., 1952; Gorsline,

D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S., 1947; Grant, U. S.
and Shepard, F. P., 1940, 1946; Hall, W. C,
1942; Handin, J. W., 194-9; Holzman, J. E.,
1950; Inman, D. L., 1953a, 1953b; Johnson, J.
W., 1952; LaFond, E. C-, 1938; Leypoldt, H.,
194lb; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; McAfee, C.
M., Jr., 1939; McKee, E. D., 1939; Marlette, J.
W., 1954; Mason, M. A., 1942, 1950b; Menard,

H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Moore, D. G.,
1951; Munk, W. H., 1949b; Munk, W. H. and
Traylor, M. A., 1947; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
O'Brien, M. P., 1939, 194l; Pardee, J. T., 1934;
Putnam, J. A., Bermel, K. J. and Johnson, J. W.,
1947; Revelle, R., 1938; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Richardson, R. W., 1923;
Rothwell, W. T., Jr., 1944; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1951g, 1952i, 1953f; Shepard,

F. P., 1932, 1936a, 194la, 1948c, 1949b, 1950c,
1950f; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C,
1941; Shepard, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1940;
Sinnott, A., 194l; Somers, P., 1952; Stelzen-
muller, W. B., 1949; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a, 1940d;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l; Symons, T. W.,
1893; Tower, M. L., 1910; Trask, P. D., 1952b;
Twenhofel, W. H., 1946; Uchupi, E., 1954; U. S.
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Mississippi; 1950; Vaughan, T. W., 1940

Swamp, Slough, Bog (See also: Bay, Embayment, Estuary,

Lagoon, Marsh, Salt Marsh, Tide Flat): Arnold,
J. L., 1928; Bascom, W. N., 1947c; Beach
Erosion Board, 1948j; Blake, W. P., 1856; Buck,
C. D., 1928; Congressional Documents, 1949c;
Diller, J. C, 1901, 1903; Fenton, M. A. and
Fenton, C. L., 1934; Fox, D. B., 1930; Gee, H.,
1932; Goodyear, W. A., 1873; Handhausen, R. J.,
1947; Johnson, W. M., 1855; Leeds, C. T., 1915;
MacGinitie, G. E., 1927; Morrison, R. L., 1930;
Nelson, J. W., Dean, W. C, Kocher, A. E., Watson,

E. B. and Carpenter, E. J., 1920; Nelson, J. W.,
Zinn, C. J., Strahorn, A. T., Watson, E. B. and
Dunn, J. E., 1919; Pardee, J. T., 1934; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1953c; Shepard, F.
P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Storie, R. E. and
Carpenter, E. J., 1929; Trask, P. D., 1934, 1939;
Wright, R., 1937; ZoBell, C. E., 1939, 1947d

Swash and Backswash: Bascom, W. N., 1950c; Beach Erosion
Board, 1948b, 1953c; Emery, K. 0., 1944, 1945a,
1945b; Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F., 1951; Grant,
U. S., 1943, 1948; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F.
P., 1940; Handin, J. W., 1949; Herold, C. L.,
1934; inman, D. L., 1953a; Isaacs, J. D., 1947a;
Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N., 1947, 1949;
Johnson, J. W. , 1952; McKee, E. D., 1953; Marlette,
J. W., 1954; Mason, M. A., 1942; O'Brien, M. P.,
194l; O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson, J. W., 1947;
Patrick, D. A., 1953; Schupp, R. D., 1953;
Shepard, F. P., 1950; Shepard, F. P., Emery,
K. 0. and LaFond, E. C, 194l; Sinnott, A., 1941;
Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Wiegel, R. L., 1947b;
Wiegel, R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H.
L., 1953; Woodford, A. 0., 1935

Swash Marks: Emery, K. 0., 1944; Emery, K. 0. and Gale,

116

Special Report 44

J. F., 1951; Johnson, D. W. , 1910: McKee, E.
D., 1953; Thompson, W. 0., 1937
Syncline (See also: Geosyncline, Submarine Topography,

Trench): Bucher, W. H., 1940; Gorsline, D. S.,
1954; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l

Talus, I.e. on Rocky Coasts and in Submarine Canyons:
Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F. P., 194la,
1948c; Vaughan, T. W., 1940
Tectonics: Smith, P. A., 1940

Temperature (See also: Meteorology, Thermocline, Water
Type): Agassiz, A., 1905; Ahlstrom, E. H.,
1950; Allen, W. E., 1920, 1921e, 1923b, 1923c,
1925, 1926, 1927a, 1927b, 1928a, 1928b, 1928c,
1930a, 1930b, 1933a, 1937h, 1940d, 1941a, 194lc,
1946a; Anderson, J. B., 1931; Armstrong, T. A.,
1954; Arnold, J. L., 1928; Bandy, 0. L., 1953a;
Barrows, A. L., 1917; Bartholomew, J. W. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 1939 (temperature in sediments);
Bartsch, P., 1921a, 1921b; Beach Erosion Board,
1953c; Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930
(temperature profiles); Bishop, S. E., 1904;
Blake, W. P., 1856; Brongersma -Sanders, M.,
1948; Bruff, S. C, 19^; Buley, H. M., 1929;
Bullock, F. W., 1933; Burt, W. V., and Bush,
V-, 19^9; Byers, H. R., 1930, 1931; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
of the University of California, and U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951a, 1951b; Calif-
ornia Academy of Sciences, California Division
of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy of the University of California, U. S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, and Hopkins Marine
Station, Stanford University, 1951; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine
Station, South Pacific Fishery Investigation,
University of California, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1952, 1953; California Department
of Fish and Game, 1951; California Department
of Public Works, 1951, 1951a; Carsola, A. J. and
Dietz, R. S., 1952; Chambers, S. W., 1930;
Clarke, K. B., 1934; Coe, W. R., 1945, 1948;
Coe, W. R. and Fox, D. L., 1942; Congress-
ional Documents, 1949b; Copeland, 'C. A.,
1933; Couch, E. 1., 1915; Crooke,
R. C, Elvltsky, A. W., et al, 1953, 1954; Crouch,
R. B., 1951 (also bottom temperature); Cummings,
N. W., 1921, 1950; Cupp, E. E., 1930, 193^,
1934b; Dall, W. H., 1904, 1911; David, L., 1947*
Davidson, G. , 1875b, 1886; Dawson, E. Y., 1946,
1950, 1951, 1952; Defant, A., 1950b; Dietch,
3., 1937; Devaputra, D., Thompson, T. G. and
Utterback, C. L., 1932; Dietz, R. S., 1953; Dietz,
R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Dill, R. F., 1952; Dorman, H. P., 1927a, 1927b;
Durham, J. W., \9kZ, 1949, 1950b (paleotempera-
ture); Dyk, K. and Swainson, 0. W., 1953; Emery,
K. 0., 1946b, 1947c, 1948, 1952b, 1953a (bottom
temperature), 195**a, 1954d (also bottom temperature);
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg,
S. C, 1952; Emiliani, C, 1954 (paleotemperature);
Emiliani, C. and Epstein, S., 1953; Ennis, C. C,
193^; Ester ly, C. 0., 1911, 1928b; Evans, R.
D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg, E. G., 1938; Fleming,
J. A., 1930; Fleming, J. A. and Sverdrup, H. U. ,
Ennis, C. C, Seaton, S. L. and Hendrix, W. C,
1945; Fleming, R. H., 1939a, 1939b, 1940b, 1942;
Fleming, R. H., Moberg, E. G. and Revelle, R.,
1937a, 1937b; Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R.,
1939; Fox, D. B., 1929; Fox, D. L., 1937, 1950;
Galliher, E. W., 1933, 1935c; Gee, H., 1932;
Gilbert, J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 1943; Gislen,
T., 1943, 19^4; Gorsline, D. S., 1951*; Gorton,
A. F., 1930a, 1930b, 1930c, 1931a, 1931b, 1932,
1933, 193^; Gorton, A. F. and Partridge, A. G.,
1930; Graham, H. W., 1934, 194la, 194lb; Graham,
H. W. and Gay, H., V)k5; Grant, U. S., 1943;
Great Britain Meteorological Office, 1950; Guten-
berg, B., 194lb; Harvey, D. R., 1928; Hewatt,
W. G., 1937, 19^6; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Holway,
R. S., 1905; Holzman, J. E., 1950; Horonjeff,
R. and Patrick, D. A., 1952; Horrer, P. L., 1948a;

Howard, L., 1937; Hubbs, C. L., 1948; Hutchins,
L. W. and Scharff, M., 1947; Hutton, W. E. and
ZoBell, C. E-, 1949; Hyde, C. G. , Gray, H. F. and
Rawn, A. M., 1941; Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W.
N., 1949; Jacobs, W. C, 1939, 1942; Jacobs, W.
C. and Clarke, K. B., 1943; Johnson, M. W., 1939a,
1948; Johnson, M. W., Everest, F. A. and Young,
R. W., 1947; Kindle, E. M., 1934; Krumbein, W.
C, 1942 (also temperature in sediments); LaFond,
E. C, 1939a, 1940; Louderback, G. D., 1924;
Leipper, D. P., 194-7, 1948a, 1948b, 1950; Leslie,
M., 1928; Leslie, M. and Moberg, E. G., 1930;
Lesser, R. M., 1951; Lewis, R. C., 1927, 1929;
McAdie, A. G., 19l4; McEwen, G. F., 1910, 1912,
1914, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1919a, 1919b, 1925, 1926,
1927, 1928a, 1928b, 1929, 1930a, 1930b, 1930c,
1933, 193^, 1934b, 193^c, 1936, 1937a, 1937b,
1937d, 1937-1938, 1940a, 1950; McEwen, G. F. and
Gorton, A. F., 1930; McEwen, G. F. and Staff,
1948; McManus, A. B., 1934; MacGinitie, G. E.,
1927, 1935; Martin, L. T. , 1935; Mason, E. H.,
1930; Mears, E. G., 1943; Menard, H. W., Dill,
R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore, D. G., Shumway, G.,
Silverman, M. and Stewart, H. B., 1954; Michael,

E. L., 1919, 1921; Michael, E. L. and McEwen,
G. F., 1915, 1916; Miller, R. C., Ramage, W. D.
and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg, E. G., 1928a,
1928b, 1928c, 1930a, 1930b, 1930c; Moberg, E.
G. and Allen, W. E., 1927; Montgomery, R. B.
and Wooster, W. S., 1954; Morrison, R. L., 1930;
Moser, J. F., 1898 (bottom); Munk, W. H., 1940,
19^7b; Munk, W. H. and Anderson, E. R., 1948;
Myers, E. H., 1942, 1943; Natland, M. L.,
1933b (bottom temperature); Natland, M. L.,
Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1941 J Olsson-
Seffer, P., 1910b; Orsorio Tafall, B. F., 1943,
1944, 1948; Packard, E. L., 19l8; Patton, C.
P., 1953; Patton, R. S., 1930; Pease, W. H.,
1868; P'ei, C, 1929; Petterssen, S., 1938;
Phelps, A., 1937, 19^0; Purer, E. A., 1936, 19^2;
Reed, W. G., 19l4; Remondino, P. C, 1892;
Revelle, R., 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P., 1939b; Richardson, B., 1935; Richter, C.
M., 1887 (isothermal profile); Robinson, M. K.,
1951; Rude, G. T., 1933, 1934; Rudnick, P.

and Cochrane, J. D. , 1951; Russell, F. S., 1934;
Sanchez, P. C, 193^°; San Diego Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952; Sargent, M. S.
and Walker, T. J., 1948; Saur, J. T. F. , Jr.,
1950 ; Schenck, H. G., 1928; Schenck, H. G. and
Keen, A. M., 1937; Schneider, W. A., 195^5
Schulz, B., 1914; Scofield, E. C, 1934; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1949a, 1949b, 1949c,
1949d, 1949e, 1950a, 1950b, 1950c, 1950d, 1950e,
1950f, 1950g, 1951a, 1951b, 1951c, l95ia, I951e,
1951f, l95lg, l951h, 195H, 195lj, 1951k, 195U-,
1951m, 1951n, 1951o, 1951P, 1951q, 1951r, 1952a,
1952b, 1952c, 1952d, 1952e, 1952f, 1952g, 19521
(bottom temperature), 1953c, 1953e; Shepard,

F. P., 1950c; Skogsberg, T., 1933, 1934, 1936,
Skogsberg, T. and Phelps, A., 1946; Sleggs, G.
F., 1927 (seasonal temperature changes); Slocum,
G., 1931; Smith, J. P., 1904; Soule, F. M.,
193^, 1944a; Stephenson, E. B., 1932; Stevenson,
R. E., 1954; Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D.,
Schmitt, W. L. and Johnston, E. C, 19l4;
Sverdrup, H. U., 1934, 1937-1938, 1938a, 1938c,
1938d, 1939a, 1939b, 1939c, 1940a, 1940c, 1940d,
1940e, 1940f, 1940g, 194la, 194lc, 1944a, 1944b;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Allen, W. E., 1939; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Fleming, J. A., 1944 (also bottom
temperature); Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming, R. H.,
1941; Sverdrup, H. U.-and Staff, 1940, 1941, 1942b,
1943a, 19^3b, 19^, 19^5a, 1945b, 19^, 19^7;
Swainson, 0. W. , Mcllwraith, C. G. , and Dyk, K.,
1934; Tanner, Z. L., 1892a (also bottom tempera-
ture), 1892b, 1893 (also bottom temperature),

1894; Thompson, W. F. and Thompson, J. B., 1919;
Thorade, H., 1909; Tibby, R. B., 1937b, 19^1,
1943; Tilden, C. A., 1925; Townsend, C. H.,
1901; Trask, P. D., 1932b; Uchupi, E., 1951*;
Ufford, C. W., 1947a, 1947b; Updegraff, D. M.,
1948; U. S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries,
I898 (also bottom temperature); U. S. Bureau
of Fisheries, 1921; U. S. Coast and Geodetic

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

117

Survey, 1948, 1950, 1952; U. S. Hydrographic
Office, 193 to, 1943b, 1944a, 1944b, 1947a; Van
Dorn, W. G., 1953; Vaughan,, T. W. , 1930b, 1930d,
1932a, 1932b, 1932c, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1940;
Vaughan, T. W. and Others, 1937; Wells, R. C,
1921; Whedon, W. F., 1939; Whedon, W. F. and
Kofold, C. A., 1936; Wilstam, A., 1926; Wyman,
R. H., 1878; ZoBell, C. E., 1938, 1939, 1942a,
1942b, 19U3, 1946b, 1946-1947, 1947b, 1947c, 19^7d,
1950; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942;
ZoBell, C. E., Grant, C. W. and Haas, H. F., 1943;
ZoBell, C. E. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1938

Temperature of Hydration and Dehydration: Revelle, R.,
1937b

Terraces (See also: Plateau, Wave Cut Terraces): Anonymous,
1932c, 1932e; Alexander, C. S-, 1950; Anderson,
C. A., 1941, 1950; Anderson, F. M., 1896-1902;
Anderson, F. M. and Hanna, G. D., 1935; Anderson,
R. E., Redwine, L. E. and McGovney, P. E., 1949;
Anderson, W. , 1939; Arnestad, K. H., 1950;
Arnold, D., 1896; Arnold, D. and Arnold, R.,
1902; Arnold, R., 1900, 1903; Arnold, R. and
Hannibal, H., 1913; Ashley, G. H., 1895, 1896,
1931; Bailey, T. L., 1943; Baldwin, E. M. ,
1945; Bauer, F. H., 1952; Beach Erosion Board,
1948i; Beal, C. H., 1915; Beard, C. N. , 194l;
Becker, G. F., 1888; Black, G. L., 1954; Blake,
W. P., I856; Blankinship, J. W. , 1892; Bose, E.
and Wittich, E., 1913; Bowman, A., 1873; Bremner,
C. St. J., 1932, 1933; Bruff, S. C, 1940, 1946;
Buwalda, J., 1927, 1936; California Department of
Public Works, 1933; Carpenter, E. J. and Storie,
R. E., 1929; Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S.,
1952; Chace, E. P. and Chace, E. M., 1919;
Clark, B. L., 1930, 1933?; Cleland, H. F., 1910;
Clements, T., 1948; Clements, T. and Emery, K.
0., 1947; Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938b; Comstock,
T. B., 1902; Congressional Documents, 1940a, 1953b;
Cotton, C. A., 1942, 1944; Coulter, J. W., 1922;
Crandall, H., 1915; Crowell, J. C, 1952; Darton,
K. H., 1921; Dasher, J., Fraas, F. and Gabriel,
A., 1942; Davidson, G., 1873d, l875a, 1897;
Davis, W. M., 1931, 1932; Dickerson, R. E., 1910,
1922; Dietz, R. S., 1947b; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0- and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S.
and Menard, H. W., 1951b; Diller, J. S., 1896,
1901, 1902, 1903, 1915; Drake, W. F., 1897;
Driver, H. L., 1948; Dunkle, M. B., 1944, 1950;
Durst, F. M., 1915; Eaton, J. D-, 1928, 1932,
1939, 19^3; Eckis, R., 1934; Eldridge, G. H.,
1901; Ellis, A. J. and Lee, E. H., 1919; Emery,
K. 0., 19l+la, 19l+7c, 1950a, 195to; Emery, K. 0.,
Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F> P.,
1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1945;
Emiliani, C. and Epstein, S., 1953; Emmonds,
S. F. and Merrill, G. P., I89U; Fairbanks, H.
W., 1893, I896-1902, I897, I898, 19014-; Fewkes,
J. W., I889; Ford, J. L. C, 1942; Gale, H. S.
and Others, 1932; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Goldberg,
J., 191*0; Goodyear, W. A., 1889; Gorsline, D.
S., 1954; Grant, U. S., 1944; Grant, U. S. and
Gale, H. R., 1931; Greene, E. L., 1886; Grlesbach,
J. 0., 19^7; Griggs, A. B., 1945; Griggs, A. B.
and Wells, F. G., 1942; Haase, L. G., 1926;
Hall, F. R., 1952; Hammond, E. H., 195l(?);
Handin, J. W., 1949, 1951; Hanna, G. D., 1951,
1952; Hanna, M. A., 1926; Hershey, 0. H., 1902,
1903; Hertlein, L. G. and Grant, U. S., 1939,
1944; Hesa, H. H. and MacClintock, p., 1936;
Hewatt, W. G., 1946; Hill, M. L., 1928; Hill,
R. T., 1929; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hobbs, W.
H., 1921, 1944; Hoover, J. W. , 1932a, 1932b;
Howard, A. D., 1951; Howe, H. V., 1926; Hund-
hausen, R. J., 1947; Inman, D. L., 1950; Ives,
R. L., 1951; Jenkins, 0. P. and Others, 1933;
Johnson, D., 1944; Johnson, W. M., 1858; Kelley,
V. C, 1932 (?); Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933, 1936;
Kew, W. S. W., 1927; Krumbein, W. C., 1947;
Lakes, A., 1899, 1903a; Landes, K. K., 1952a,
1952b; Laws on, A. C, 1893a, 1893b, I89U, 1895,
1914, 1924; Leonard, A. G., 1925; Lean, H.
M., 1952; Lindgren, W., 1888; Lindgren, W. and
Knowlton, F. H., I896; Lindsay, D. R., 1952;
Livingston, A., jr., 1939; Louderback, G. D.,
1930, 19U0; McGee, W. J., 1900; MacDonald,

G. A., 1931*; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Martens, J.
H. C., 1939; Merriam, P. D., 1949; Merrill, F.
J. H., 1914, 1915; Miller, W. J., 1935; Moore,
D. G., 1951; Nelson, N. C, 1909, 1910; Nichol-
son, G. F., 1929; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Norris,
R. M., 1949, 1951; Oakeshott, G. B., 1951;
.O'Brien, M. P., 1936a; Osmont, V. C., 1904;
Osorio Tafall, B. F., 1943; Page, G. B., 1950;
Pardee, J. T., 1934; Pelline, J. E., 1952;
Place, J. L., 1952; Putnam, W. C, 1930, 1937a,
1937b, 1938, 1940; Reed, R. D., 1933a, 1933b,
1934; Reed, R. D. and Hollister, J. S.,
1936; Reiche, P., 1937; Revelle, R.,
1950; Richardson, R. W., 1923; Ritter,
W. E., 1901; Robertson, G. K., 1932;
Rode, K., 1930; Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard,
F. P., 1933c, 1934c, 1935b, l938h, 1940c, I94la,
1948c, 1949b, 1950e, 1950f, 1951e, 1953; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941; Shepard, F. P.,
Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C, 194l; Shepard,
F. P. and Grant, U. S., 1947; Shepard, F. P.,
Grant, U. S. and Dietz, R. S., 1939; Shepard,

F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F.
P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Smith, J. P., 1910;
Smith, P. A., 1938; Smith, W. D., 1933b, 1933c;
Smith, W. S. T., 1897, 1898, 1900, 1933; Snavely,
P. P., Jr., 1951; Soper, E. K., 1938; Spencer,
J. W., 1897; Stephenson, E. L., 1945; Stevenson,
R. E., 1954; Stille, H., 1936; Stock, C, 1935;
Stock, C. and Furlong, E. L., 1928; Storie,

R. E. and Carpenter, E. J., 1929, 1930; Swinnerton,

A. C, 1927; Taber, S., 1920; Taliaferro, N. L.,
1943; Thoma8son, H. G., Jr., 1951; Thompson, W.
0., 1933, 1934, 1937; Trask, J. B., 1854; Trask,
P. D., 1926a, 1926b, 1931b; Troxell, H. C. and
Others, 1942; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943; Uchupi,
E., 1954; Udden, J. A., 1914; Upson, J. E.,
1949a, 1949b; Upson, J. E. and Others, 1951;
Upson, J. E. and Thomasson, H. G., Jr., 1951;
Vickery, F. P., 1927a; Wanless, H. R., 1950;
Warne, A., 1936; Weaver, C. C, 1944, 1945, 1949;
Webb, R. W., 1936; Wheeler, G., 1936; Whitney,
J. D., 1865; Wilcox, G. A., 1911; Willis, B.,
1900; Wilson, M. E., 1907; Wittich, E., 1910,
1913 (?), 1920; Wood, H. 0., 1915; Woodford, A.
0., 1925, 1951; Woodring, W. P., 1935, 1938a,
1947, 1952; Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N.
and Kew, W. S. W. , 1946; Woodring, W. P.,
Bramlette, M. N. and Kleinpell, R. M., 1936;
Woodring, W. P., Bramlette, M. N. and Lohman, K.
E., 1943; Woodring, W. P. and Kew, W. S. W.,
1932; Worts, G. F., Jr., Others, 1951; Yates,

L. G., 1902
Terraces, Submarine (See also: Wave Cut Terraces):

Butcher, W. S., 1951a; Eaton, J. E., 1932; Emery,

K. 0. and shepard, F. P., 1945; Gorsline, D. S.,

1954; Holzman, J. E., 1949; Landes, K. K. ,

1952a; McGee, W. J., 1900; Norris, R. M., 1951;

Shepard, F. P., 194lb, 1949e; Shepard, F. P.

and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Sverdrup, H. U. and

Staff, 194l; Uchupi, E., 1954
Terrigenous Sediments (See also various types of terrigenous

sediments): Lawson, A. C, 1924; Piggot, C. S.,

1932; Rittenberg, S. C, 1940; Shepherd, E. S.,

1946; White, D., 1911
Tertiary (See also the geological Periods of the Tertiary):

Anderson, C. A., 194l; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;

Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Clark,

B. L-, 1921; Crouch, R. W., 1954; Emery, K. 0.
and Natland, M. L., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emiliani, C, 1954; Hanna,

G. D., 1952; Hill, R. T., 1928a; Hinds, N. E.
A., 1952; Kuenen, Ph. H., 1947; LeConte, J.,
1891; Shepard, F. P., 1935a, 1935c, 1936c, 1936g,
194la, 1949b, 1949d, 1950e, 1952a; Shepard, F.

P. and Emery, K. 0., 1941; Shepard, F. P. and
MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Stetson, H. C, 1939; Spencer, J. W., 1890
Thermocline (See also: Bathythermography, Temperature):
California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
1950 ; California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Stanford University,
Hopkins Marine Station, U. S. Fish and Wildlife

118

Special Report 44

Service, South Pacific Fishery Investigation, Uni-
versity of California, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1953; Carsola, A. J., 1947;
Defant, A., 1950a; Dietz, R. S. and LaFond, E.
C, 1950; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Ewing, G. C,
1950b, 1950c; Graham, H. W., 1934; Graham, H.
W. and Moberg, E. G., 1944; McEwen, G. F., 19l6;
Moberg, E. G., 1928a, 1930b; Moberg, E. G. and
Fleming, R. H., 1934; Munk, W. H. and Anderson,

E. R., 1948; Pattullo, J., 1952; Rudnick, P.
and Cochrane, J. D., 1951; Sargent, M. S. and
Walker, T. J., 19h8; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1951J, 1951L; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Allen, W. E., 1939; Ufford, C. W. , 1947a, 1947c;
Vaughan, T. W., 1932c

Thickness of Sediment: Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C,
1952; Raitt, R. W., 1949; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1953e; Shepard, F. P., 1940e;
Thompson, W. C, 1949; Trask, P. D. and Scott,
T., 1954

Thixotrophy: Emery, K. 0 and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952

Thorium - see Radioactivity

Tidal Bore: Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F., 1951; Gordon,
J. H., 1923; Khiffen, F. B., 1932; Swain, F.
E., 1951

Tidal Currents (See also: Sediment Transport): Beach

Erosion Board, 1948b, 1951; Berghaus, H., I89I;
Brown, E. I., 1939; Bucher, W. H., 1940; Butcher,
W. S., 1951a; California Bureau of Sanitary
Engineering) 1952; California Department of Fish
and Game, 1951; Chase, J. L., 1948; Coe, W. R.,
1953; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A- W., et al,
1953; Crowell, J. C, 1947; Davidson, G. , 1884;
Defant, A., 1950b; Dietz, R. S., 1953; Dietz,
R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b; Emery, K. 0.,
1950d; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H.
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Evans, 0. F., 194-1;
Fleming, R. H., 1937-1938; Gibson, W. M., 1951;
Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Gorsline, D. S., 1954;
Goldberg, J., 1940; Gulliver, F. P., 1896;
Handin, J. W., 1949; Hoover-Young, San Francisco
Bay Bridge Commission, 1930; Horton, D. F., 1948;
Inman, D. L., 1949; Jarvis, C. S., 1921; Lapsley,
W. W., 1937; Lawson, A. C, 1894; Lawson, J. S.,
1862; LeConte, J., I89I; Louderback, G. D. , 1940;
Leipper, D. F., 1950; Leypoldt, H., 194lb; McAfee,

C. M., 1939; McGee, W. J., 1900; Manner, H. A.,
1926, 1932; Menard, H. W., 1952; Menard, H. W.
and Ludwick, J. C., 1951; Miller, R. C, Ramage,
W. D. and Lazier, E. L-, 1928; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C,
1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1936b, 194l; Rawn, A. M.
and Bowerman, F. R., 1951; Revelle, R., 1939b;
Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939a, 1939^;
Rolland, M. C, 1952; San Diego Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952; Sears, C. B., 1876;
Shaler, N. S., 1895; Shepard, F. P., 1933a, 1938g,
194la, 1948b, 1949a, 1950c; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 194l, 1945; Shepard, F. P. and Inman,

D. L., 1949, 1951a; Simmons, H. B., 1952; Skogs-
berg, T., 1936; Stevenson, R. E., 1954; Studds,

F. A., 1951; Sumner, F. B., Louderback, G. D.,
Schmitt, W. L. and Johnston, E. C, 19l4; Sver-
drup, H. U., 1936, 1939a, 1939c; Sverdrup, H. U.
and Staff, 1947a; Tower, M. L., 1910, 1913; Trask,
P. D., 1952b; Udden, J. A., 19l4; U. S. Army
Corps of Engineers 1931; U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey, 1947; Whitney, P. C, 1935

Tidal Flushing - see Flushing of Estuary

Tidal Prism: Blinn, F. S., 1928; Congressional Documents,

1953; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953;
Kenyon, E. C, Jr., 1951; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni,
V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C,
1946; O'Brien, M. P., 1931

Tide (See also: Flushing of Estuary, Tidal Bore, Tidal Currents,
Tidal Prism, Tide Flat): Anonymous, 1915, 19l6a,
1929b, 1933e, 1940c, 1940d, 1951b; Allen, W. B.,
1932; Allen, W. E., 1920, 1923b, 194la; Anderson,
C. A., 1950; Averill, C. V., 194l; Bache, A.
D., 1852, 1854a, 1854b, 1856a, l856d, l856e; Bascom,
W. N., 1946a, 1947a, 1947c, 1947d, 1950b, 1950c;
Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A. H., 1948; Beach
Erosion Board, 1948b, 1948i, 1952b, 1953a, 1953c;

Bigelow, H. B. and Leslie, M., 1930; Blake, E.
W., jr., 1887; Blake, J., l868b; Bowie, W.,
1936; Brown, E. I., 1939; Bucher, W. H., 1940;
Bullock, F, W., 1933; Byerly, P., 1927, 1930;
Caldwell, J. M. , 1950; California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the Univer-
sity of California, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1951b; California Academy of Sciences,
California Division of Fish and Game, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography of the University of
California, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and
Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, 1951;
California Department of Public Health, 1951;
California, University of, 1945, 1952a, 1952b,
1954b; Carpenter, E. J. and Storie, R. E.,
1929; Carpenter, F. A., 1924; Clark, F. N.,
1938; Congressional Documents, 1908e, 1938a,
1940a, 1940c, 1941, 1942c, 1943, 1949 -1950b,
1953; Couch, E. B., 1915; Cram, CM., 1931;
Crooke, R. C., Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953;
Dall, W. H., 1904, 1911 ; Dapples, E. C, 1942;
Davidson, G. , 1856, 1859, 1864, 1873b; Davis,
W. M., 1925, 1932; Dawson, E. Y., 1952; Defant,
A., 1950a, 1950b; DeGroot, H., 189O; Dietz, R.
S., 1947b; Diller, J. s., 1902; Disney, L. P.
and Overshiner, W. H., 1925; Eaton, R. 0., 1951;
EldrSdge, Z. S. and Molera, E. J., 1909; Elliott,

F. E., Tressler, W. L. and Myers, W. N., 1953;
Emery, K. 0., 1944, 1945a, 1945b, 1946b; Emery,
K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and
Gale, J. F., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R.
H., 1941; Evans, R. D., Kip, A. F. and Moberg,

E. G., 1938; Fleming, R. H., 1937-1938; Folsom,
R. G., 1945c; Fraser, C. McL., 1943; Gilbert,

G. K., 1917; Gillette, C. E., 1905; Gislen, T.,
1943, 1944; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S.,
1938, 1943, 1944, 1948; Grant, U. S. and Shepard,

F. P., 1938a, 1940; Green, C. K., 1946; Green,

J. L. and Smyser, R. E., Jr., 1932; Gulliver, F. P.
I896; Gutenberg, B., 1933, 194lb; Hall, W. C, 1938,
1942; Harts, W. W., 1911; Harvey, D. R., 1928;
Hawgood, H., 1914; Hewatt, W. G., 1937, 1946;
Hickson, R. E. and Rodolf, F. W., 1951; Hinde,
H. P., 1952; Holway, R. S., 19l4; Hoover-Young
San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission, 1930; Inman,

D. L., 1949, 1950, 1953a; Isaacs, J. D., 1948;
Isaacs, J. D. and Bascom, W. N., 1947, 1949;
Johnson, A. G., 1940c, 1951; Johnson, D. W., 1910;
Johnson, J. W., 1948b, 1948d, 1952; Johnson, M.
W., 1939b, 1948; Kenyon, E. C, 1951; Kniffen,

F. B., 1932; Krumbein, W. C, 1947; Krumbein,
W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; LaFond, E. C,
1938, 1939a, 1939b; Lawson, J. S., 1862; Lawson,
L. M., 1950; Leeds, C. T., 19l6; Leeds, C. T.,
Vanoni, A. and Knapp, R. T., 1934; Leipper, D.
F., 1950; Leypoldt, H., 1934, 1938, 194la, 194lc,
1947; Leypoldt, H. and McHenry, J. R., 1942;
Lieber, A. C, Jr., 1940; Louderback, G. D.,
1940; McEwen, G. F., 1935a; McGee, W. J., 1900;
McKee, E. D., 1939, 1953; McManus, A. B., 1934;
McOuat, H. W. , 1951; MacDonald, G. A., 1934;
MacGinitie, G. E., 1927, 1935; Marlette, J. W.,
1954; Marmer, H. A., 1926, 1927, 1928, 1932,
1952; Mason, E. H., 1930, 1950a, 1950b; Meaney,
C. D., 1949; Means, T. H., 1928, 1929, 1931;
Menard, H. W., 1952; Miller, H. E. and Nusbaum,
I., 1952; Miller, R. C, Ramage, W. D. and
Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg, E. G. and Allen,
W. E., 1927; Morey, B. F., 1945; Morrison, R.
L., 1930; Munk, W. H., 1940, 1949a, 1951, 1953;
Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1947; Murphy, L.
M. and Ulrich, F. P., 1952; Nelson, J. W. , Dean,
W. C, Kocher, A. E., Watson, E. B. and Carpenter,

E. J., 1920; Nelson, N. C, 1909; Nicholson, G.
F., 1929; Norris, R. M. , 1951; O'Brien, M. P.,
1931, 1936a, 1939, 1945b; O'Brien, M. P. and
Johnson, J. W., 1947; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a;
Orange County Planning Commission, 194-1; Palmer,
R. H., 1928; Patrick, D. A., 1953; Patton, R.
S., 1941; Paul, A. B., 1894; Pratt, W. E., 1947;
Price, F., 1936; Purer, E. A., 1942; Putnam, J.
A., Bermel, K. 3. and Johnson, J. W. , 1947;
Putnam, J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A.,
1949; Remondino, P. C, 1892; Revelle, R., 1950;

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

119

Revelle, E. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b, 1943;
Richardson, R. W., 1923; Roop, F. C, 1946;
Rudnick, P. and Cochrane, J. P., 1951; San
Francisco Bay Marine Piling Committee, 1921;
Saur, J. T. F., Jr., 1950; Scanlon, T. S., Jr.,
and Osborn, P., 1950; Schneider, W. A., 1954;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944c, 1945c,
19^5d, 1950g, 1952i; Shepard, F. P., 1932,
1935d, I938g, 1943b, 1949b, 1950b, 1950f, 1950g,
1951a; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1951, 1951b;
Shepara, F. P. and LaFond, E. C, 1940; Shepard,
F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F.
P., Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. s., 1939; Shepard,
F. P. and Sayner, D. B., 1953; Shuler, W. R.,
1951, 1952; Skogsberg, T., 1936; Smith, W. D.,
1933b; Somers, P., 1952; Stevenson, R. E.,
1954; Stevenson, R. E. and Emery, K. 0., 1951;
Storie, R. E. and carpenter, E. J., 1929, 1930;
Studds, F. A., 1951; Stump, R. S., 1944b, 1944c,
1945k; Stump, R. S. and Hermanson, R. T., 1945c;
Stump, R. S., and Johnson, J. W., 1944; Sumner,
F. B., Louderback, G. D., Schmitt, W. L. and
Johnston, E. C, 19l4; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939c;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 1943b; Swain, F.
E., 1951; Symons, T. W., 1893; Thompson, W. 0.,
1933, 1937; Thompson, W. F. and Thompson, J. B.,
1919; Topp, E. P., 1929; Trask, p. D., 1931b,
1952a; Trowbridge, W. P., 1855, 1856b; Ufford,
C. W., 1947b; U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey,
1953; U. S. Coast Survey, 1864, 1867; U. S.
Hydrographic Office, 1875; u. S. Waterways
Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1935,
1950; Vanoni, V. A. and Carr, J. H., 1951;
Vaughan, T. W., 1933; Walker, B. W. , 1947;
Walters, L., 1953; Watts, G. M. and Others, 1953;
Whiting, W. D. and Others, 1858; Whitney, P. C,
1935; Woodford, A. 0., 1935; Wright, R., 1937;
Yale, C. G., 1879; ZoBell, C. E. and Feltham,
C. B., 19te

Tide Flat or Mud Flat (See also: Bay, Estuary, Harbor,

Lagoon, Marsh, Salt Marsh, Swamp): Congressional
Documents, 1949a; Cook, E. H., 1908; Crandall,
H., 1915; Dapples, E. C, 1942; Emery, K. 0.
and Dietz, R. S., 194l; Hanna, M. A., 1926;
Leeds, C. T., 1915; Louderback, G. D. , 1940;
McKee, E. D. , 1953; MacGinitie, G. E., 1939;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953c;
Stevenson, R. E., 1951; Tolman, C. F. and
Poland, J. F., I9U0; Trask, P. D., 1928; ZoBell,
C. E. and Feltham, C. B., 1942

Tidelands (See also: Legal, Petroleum): Anonymous, 1932a,
1932b, 1938c, 1946a, 19l*S, 1952b, 1952c, 1952h,
1952 j, 1952k, 1952L, 1952m, 1952n, 1952o, 1952p,
1952q, 1953a, to 1953f, 1954a to 1954d, 1954f to
195l*i, 1954k; Alexander, A. H., 1936; Armstrong,
T. A., 1954; Barnes, K. B., 19**5; Beach Erosion
Board, 1948j; Bell, G. K. , 19l*8; Blodget, R. M.,
19!*9; Bullington, J. P., 191*6; California Legis-
lature, 1931b, 1951b; Chase, J. L., 19l*8; Clary,
W. W., 191*9; Collins, L. B., Gilbert, J. C. and
Simon, J. H., 1933; Congressional Documents,
1953b; Fitzgerald, J. N. J., 1952; Fox, L. S.,
1930; Friedman, S. L., 1949; Gale, H. S., 1933,
193l*a, 1934b; Gilbert, J. C. and Simon, J. H.,
1933; Grant, U. S., 1939; Gross, H. E., 19l*5;
Hansen, H. A. and Pemberton, J. R., 1950; HJelte,
G., 1938; Horrer, P. L., 19l*9; Hoots, H. W. ,
Blount, A. L. and Jones, p. H., 1935; Hubbs,

C. L. and Rechnizer, A. B., 1952; Kemnitzer,
w. j., 1937; King, c, 1953a, 1953b, 1953c;
Larsen, G. P., 194l; Leeds, C. T., 191)1; Menard,
H. W., Dill, R. F., Hamilton, E. L., Moore, D.

G., Shumway, G., Silverman, M. and Stewart, H.
B., 1951*; Mills, B., 1932d, 1932e, 1932f, 1936;
Morgan, F. A., 1930; Murray-Aaron, E. R., 1947;
National Petroleum Council, 1953; Nicholls, C.
P. L., 1936c; Pollak, C. N., 1953; Pratt, W.
E., 19l*7; Pyles, E. E., 1951*; Shalowitz, A. L.,
1951, 1953; Smith, J. S., 1936; Stockman, L.
P., 1932, 1939, 19l*9a, 19l*9b, 19l+9c; Stormont,

D. H., 1951b, 1951c, 1952a, 1952b, 1952c, 1951*8,
195l*b, 195^c; Sweeney, J., 1930; Weaver, D. K.,
1937; Weaver, D. K. and wilhelm, V. H., 19l*3;
Welker, S. C, 1954; Wharton, M., 1948

Tide Pool (See also: Minor Features, Rocky Coasts; Solution
Basins): Allen, W. E., 194la; Bruff, S. C,
19l*6; Cartwright, L. D. , Jr., 1928; Couch, E.
B., 1915; Drury, N. B., 1938; Emery, K. 0., 19l*5b,
1946b; Fox, D. L., Isaacs, J. D. and Corcoran,

E. F., 1952; Fraser, C. McL., 19l*3; Haase, L.
G., 1926; Hewatt, W. G. , 1931*; Lakes, A., 1903a;
McKee, E. D. , 1953; Michael, E. L., 1921; Morri-
son, R. L., 1930 ; Sanchez, P. C, 193l*e; Steven-
son, R. E., 1951*; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Vaughan,
T. W., 191*0; Williams, W. , 191*8

Tilting (See also: Diasorphism, Warping): Alexander, C.

S., 1950; Buwalda, J. P., 1927; Gutenberg, B.,

1933; McHenry, J. R., 19l*2; Shepard, F. P. and

Wrath, W. F., 1937; Troxell, H. C. and Others,

19l*2
Tin: Revelle, R., 1935; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson, R.

J., 1932; Trask, P. D., 1939; Vaughan, T. W. ,

1933
Titanium: Goldberg, E. D. , 195**; Lowenstam, H. A., 1951*;

Revelle, R.' and Emery, K. 0., 1951; Scripps

Institution of Oceanography, 1953e
Tombolo: Dietz, R. S., 19l*7b; Grant, U. S. and Shepard,

F. P., 191*0; Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Handin, J.
W. and Ludwick, J. c., 19l*9; Leypoldt, H., 191+lb;
Shepard, F. P., 1950c; Wanless, H. R., 1950

Tonalite (See also: Rock): Shumway, G. A., 1953

Topography - see Submarine Topography

Topography, Rocky Coasts: Isaacs, J. D., 1945f, 191* 5b.

Total Solids (See also: Non-volatile Solids, Volatile
Solids): Lipman, C. B., 1929

Toxic Conditions - see Pollution, Reducing or Anaerobic
Environment, Stagnant Water

Traction (See also: Creep, Transport of Sediment): Emery,
K. 0. and Gale, J. F., 1951; Trask, P. D., 1952b;
Twenhofel, W. H., 19l*6

Transparency (See also: Light, Red Water, Turbid Water):

Anonymous, 19l*lb; Boden, B. P., 1950; California
Academy of Sciences, California Division of Fish
and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, U.
S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950; California
Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, 1952; California
Department of Fish and Game, 1951; Crooke, R.
C, Elvitsky, a. W., et al, 1953; Dietz, R. S.,
19l*7b; Emery, K. 0., 195**; Gislen, T., 19**3,
19l*l*; Gorsline, D. S., 195**; Hyde, C. G. , Gray,
H. F. and Rawn, A. M., 1941; Miller, H. E. and
Nusbaum, I., 1952; Munk, W. H., 1950; Natland,
M. L., Revelle, R. and Rittenberg, S. C, 194l;
Richardson, B., 1931*; San Diego Regional Water
Pollution Control Board, 1952; Shepard, F. P.,
1938b, 19l*9b, 1950b; Sverdrup, H. U., 1939a;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 19l*l; U. S. Navy, 191*8;
Young, R. T., 1939, 19^3; Young, R. T. and Gordon,
R. D., 1939

Transported Rock (See also: Source Rock): Butcher, W. S.,
1951a; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 19l*2; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould,
H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Hanna, G. D.,
1951; McEwen, G. F., 1935a

Transport of Sediment (See also: Concentration of Sediments
in the Surf Zone, Creep, Littoral Drift, Rip
Currents, Suspended Sediment, Traction):
Anonymous, 1938a; Bascom, W. N., 19l*6b, 1950a,
1951; Beach Erosion Board, 19l*8a, 1952b, 1952c,
1953c; Burt, W. V. and Saur, J. F. T., Jr.,
191*8; California, University of, 1951c, 1952c,
195l*a, 1954b; Crowell, J. C, 1950; Darrow, w.
E., 1942; Davis, W. M., 1932; Dietz, R. S.,
1947b; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W.,
1951b; Dietz, R. S., Menard, H. W. and Hamilton,

E. L., 1954; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0.,
1950c; Emery, K. 0. and Gale, J. F., 1951;
Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 194-5; Fisher,
R. L. and Mills, R., 1952; Fries, A. A., 1912;
Gillette, C. E., 1905; Gislen, T., 1943; Gold-
berg, J., 1940; Hall, W. C, 1942a; Handin, J.
W., 1949; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C.,
1949; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Inman, D. L., 1949,
1953b; Isaacs, J. D., 1947a; Johnson, A. G.,
1940c; Johnson, J. W., 1948d, 1952; Koczy,

F. F., 1954; Krumbein, W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E.,
1950; Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard, H. W., 1952;
Lawaon, A. C, 1894; Lesser, R. M., 1951;

120

Special Report 44

McEwen, G. P., 1935a; Mason, M. A., I9I+2, 1950b;
Menard, H. W., 1952; Moore, D. G., 1951; Munk,
W. H., 19^9b; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A.,
19^7; Page, G. B., 1950; Pardee, J. T., 193^;
Revelle, R., 1939a; Scrippe Institution of
Oceanography, 1953e, 1953f; Shaler, N. S., 1895;
Shepard, F. P., 1936a, 191+la, 19l+9e, 1950c, 1950f;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 19^-9, 1951b;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard,
F. P. and Revelle, R. and Dietz, R. S., 1939;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Somers,
P., 1952; Stelzenmuller, W. B., 191+9; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1936, 1939a; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
19*+6; Toit, A. L. du, I9I+O; Trask, P. D., 1921+
(sorting by waves), 1952b

Currents: Bucher, W. H., I9I+O; Crowell, J. C,
19571 Dapples, E. C, 19^2; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P., I9I+O; Gulliver,

F. P., I896; Hough, J. L., 191+2; Louderback,

G. D., 1920; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Shepard, F. P.,19l+0c, 1950f, 1951b; Twenhofel,

W. H., 19^

Tidal Currents: Emery, K. 0., 1950d; Lawson,
A. C, I891+; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939b

Waves : Anonymous, 1950e; Boos, M. F., 191+0;
Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
191+2; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E., 1950;
Fox, L. S., 1930; Grant, U. S., ^S; Grant,
U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 19^0, 191+6; Gulliver,
F. P., 1896; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C.,
1950; Krumbein, W. C, 19*+7; Revelle, R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Shepard, F. P., 191+la;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 19*+9, 1951b;
Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Thompson,
W. 0., 1937; Twenhofel, W. H., 191+6

Trench, Deeps (see also: Geosyncline, Grabens, Submarine
Topography, Syncline, Trough): Anonymous, 1927;
Cochrane, J. D. and Arthur, R. S., I9I+8; Daly,
R. A., 1939 (foredeep); Davidson, G., l875b;
Eardley, A. J., 195^; Emery, K. 0., 1950c; Emery,
K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952; Gunn, R., 191+7;
Gutenberg, B., 1950; Heck, N. H., 1921+, 1926;
Hertlein, L. G. and Emerson, W. K., 1953; Little-
hales, G. W., 1932b; Raitt, R. W., 195^; Revelle,
R., 191+3; Richter, C. F., 19I+O; Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, 1953e; Shepard, F. P.,
1952a; Smith, W. D., 1933c; Sverdrup, H. U.,
1939b; Trask, P. D. , 1931b; Whitcroft, H. T.,
191+1+

Triassic: Cohee, G. V., 1938; Emery, K. 0., 191+lc; Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., I9I+I, 19^5

Trough (See also: Grabens, Submarine Topography, Trench):
Anderson, C. A., 1950; Boden, B. P., 1950;
Bucher, W. H., 1939; 'Buffington, E. C, 1952;
Butcher, W. S., 1951a; California, University
of, 19l+6a; Clark, B. L., 1931; Crowell, J. C,
1952; Dietz, R. S., 1952a; Dietz, R. S., Menard,
H. W. and Hamilton, E. L., 1951*; Emery, K. 0.,
191+la, 19I+8, 1951, 1952a; Emery, K. 0., Butcher,
W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Fox,
D. L., 1937; Garrison, L. E. and Takasaki, K.
L., 1950; Gilbert, J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 191+3;
Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and Bradley, W. F., 19*+9;
Heck, N. H., 192I+, 193^, 1938; Hill, R. T., 1928b;
Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Hobbs, W. H., 19!+!+;
Kuenen, ph. H. and Menard, H. W. , 1952; Landes,
K. K., 1952a; Menard, H. W. and Dietz, R. S.,
1951; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. C, 1951;
Phleger, F. B., 1951; Plggot, c. S. and Urry,
W. D., 191+2; Reed, R. D., 1938; Revelle, R.,
1938, 1939b; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,
1939t>; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1953e; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1935b, 1937c, 1937e,
1939d, 191+Oa, 191+Oc, 19l+0d, 19l+0e, 19l+la, 19l+2b,
19i+9b, 1950a, I950d, 1950e, 1951a, 1951b, I95ld;
Shepard, F. P., and Emery, K. 0., l^l} Shepard,
F. P., Emery, K. 0. and LaFond, E. C, ^l;
Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and
Emery, K. 0., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath,
W. F., 1937; Shumway, G. A., 1953; Smith, P.
A., 191+0; Sverdrup, H. U., 1938c, 1939a;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 19I+I; Swainson, 0.

W., 19I+I+; Sykes, G., 1938; Whitcroft, H. T.,
191+1+

Near shore, including Longshore and Offshore Troughs,
Low and BalTi Anonymous, 1916a, 19171 Brant, I.,
1925; Congressional Documents, 1953b; Inman, D.
L., 1953b; Lawson, A. C, 189!+; Leeds, C. T.,
1916; McKee, E. D., 1953; Norris, R. M., 1952;
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 19l+l+c, 19l+l+g;
Shepard, F. P., 19l+2a (low and ball), 1950b,
1950f, 1950g; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0. and
LaFond, E. C, 19^1; Shepard, F. P. and Inman,
D. L., 1951b; Shuler, W. R., 1952

T-S Curves (See also: Salinity, Temperature, Thermocline,
Water Mass, Water Type): California Academy of
Science, California Division of Fish and Game,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the
University of California, and U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, 1951a; California Academy of
Sciences, California Division of Fish and Game,
Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station,
U. S. Fish and wildlife Service, South Pacific
Fishery Investigation, University of California,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953;
Fleming, R. H., 19^0a; Horrer, P. L., 19l+8a;
Robinson, M. K. , 1951; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1939c,
19l+l+a, ISMb; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming, J.
A., 19W+; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 19l+3b;
Tibby, R. B., I9I+3

Tsunamis (See also: Submarine Canyons, Origin of):

Anonymous, 1883, 19l+6b, 19l+6c; Bache, A. D. ,
l856e; Bascom, W. N., 19l+6a; Bates, C. C. and
Glenn, A. H., I9I+8; Beach Erosion Board, 1952b;
Belcher, G., 181+3; Bodle, R. R., 19l+6a, 19l+6b;
Bodle, R. R. and Murphy, L. M., 19I+8; Boutelle,

C. 0., 1881+; Bucher, W. H., I9I+O; Byerly, P.,
1930; Carpenter, F. A., 1921+; Clark, J. T.,
I9I+I+; Clements, T. and Emery, K. 0., 191+7;
Cochrane, J. D. and Arthur, R. S., I9I+8; Congress-
ional Documents, 1953; Davidson, G., 1873b;
Davison, C, 1900, 1933; DeBallore, M., 1912a,
1912b; Dietz, R. S., 19l+7b; Evans, F. J. and
Wharton, W. L., 1888; Fonck, F., 187I; Gaillard,

D. D., 1901+; Green, C. K. , I9I+6; Gutenberg, B.,
1939; Haley, S., 1886; Heck, N. H., 193^, 19^7;
Heck, N. H. and Bodle, R. R., 1930; Hochstetter,
F., 1868; Holden, E. S. , 1898; Honda, K. , 1906;
Kuenen, Ph. H., 191+7; Louderback, G. D. , 19!+!+;
McKay, E. C, I9I+6; Mallet, R., 1858; Mason, M.
A., 1950a; Menard, H. W., 1952; Menard, H. W.
and Ludwick, J. C, 1951; Miyabe, N., 1931*-;
Munk, W. H., 19*+7a, 19^9a, 1953; Murphy, L. M.
and Ulrick, F. P., 1951b, 1952; Neumann, F.,
1932, 1935, 19^, 19I+3; O'Brien, M. P., 19*+6b;
Omori, F., 1907; Patton, R. S. and Maimer, H.
A., 1932; Reid, H. F., 19l8; Roop, F. C, I9I+6;
Scanlon,, T. 8., Jr. and Osborn, P., 1950; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1952i, 1953c;
Shepard, F. P., 191+la, 19l+3a, 19l+9d, 1950b;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19^-1; Shuck, 0.
T., 1869; Smith, W. D. , 1933b; Swainson, 0. W. ,
191+1+; Thornton, D. L., I9I+6; Townley, S. D. and
Allen, M. W., 1939; Trask, J. B., 1856, 1857;

U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1953a; Vanoni,
V. A. and Carr, J. H., 1951; Verbeek, R. D. M.,
1885-1886; Wilson, R. M., 1928a, 1928b

Tuff (See also: Rock, Volcanic Rock): Chesterman, C. W. ,

1952; Clements, T. and Dana, S. W., 19M+; Cohee,
G. V., 1938; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,
191+5; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937;
Shumway, G. A., 1953

Turbidity or Density Currents (See also: Submarine Canyons,
Origin of): Bell, H. S., 19^2; Buffington, E.
C, 1951, 1952; Crouch, R. W., 1951*; Crowell,
J. C., 1952; Dietz, R. S., 1952a, 1952b, I95I+;
Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b; Dill,
R. F., Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1952, 1951+;
Emery, K. 0., 1952b; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952;
Emery, K. 0. and Natland, M. L., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Rittenberg, S. C, 1952; Garrison, L.

E. and Takasaki, K. L., 1950; Handin, J. W.,
19^9; Koczy, F. F., 195^; Kuenen, Ph. H. and
Menard, H. W. , 1952; Landes, K. K., 1952a, 1952b;
Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950; Menard, H. W. and
Ludwick, J. C., 1951; Natland, M. L. and Kuenen,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

121

Ph. H., 1951; Phleger, F. P., 1951; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1953e; Shepard,

F. P., 19^7a, 19^9h, 19^9d, 1950a, 1950d, 1951a,
1951b, 195ia; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
19^1; Shumway, G- A., 1953) Sverdrup, H. U.,
191+7; Toit, A. L. du, 19^0; Woodford, A. 0.,
1951

Turbid Water, Discolored Water, Water Color (See also:

Absorption, Extinction Coefficient, Light, Red
Water, Transparency): Allen, W. E., 19l*0b, 191+lc;
Beach Erosion Board, 19h8h; Bell, H. S. , 19^2;
Bullard, F. M. and Mills, R. A., 1951; Burt, W.,
1952; California Department of Public Health,
1951; Congressional Documents, 1938a, 19^9^5
Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W. , et al, 1953;
Dietz, R. S., 19^7b; Emery, K. 0., 195**a; Emery,

>K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 19^1; Gilbert, G. K. ,
1917; Gilbert, J. Y. and Allen, W. E., 19^3;
Gillette, C. E., 1905; Goldberg, E. D., 1951*;
Hawgood, H., 191**; Hinde, H. P., 1952; Hyde,
C. G. , Gray, H. F. and Rawn, A. M. , 19^1; Inman,

D. L., 1950; Menard, H. W. , 1952; Miller, R.

C, Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928;
Moberg, E. G. , 1928a, 1930c; Myers, E. H., 19^3;
Natland, M. L. and Kuenen, Ph. H., 1951; Page,

G. B., 1950; Schenider, W. A., 1951*; Schulz,
B., 1-91U; Shepard, F. P., 19^, 1951d; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19^1, 19^5; Thompson,

W. 0., 1937; U. S. Navy, 19**8; Yale, C. G. ,
1879
Turbulence: Allen, W. E., 191+la, 19l*lb, 191+lc, 19l*ld;

Beach Erosion Board, 19^8b, 19l+8h; Brongersma-
Sanders, M., I9I+8; California, University of, 1952a;
Crowell, J. C, 19^7, 1952; Eaton, R. 0., 1951;
Emery, K. 0., I9U8; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W.
S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 19I+8; Emery, K. 0. and
Gale, J. F., 1951; Fox, L. S., 1930; Goldberg,

E. D., 195^; Grant, U. S., 19^3, 19^; Grant,
U. S. and Shepard, F. P., 19I+O; Handin, J. W.
and Ludwick, J. C, 191+9; Hidaka, K. , 1953;
Holzman, J. E., 1950; Koczy, F. F., 1951*;
Krumbein, W. C, 191+2; Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard,
H. W., 1952; Leipper, D. F., 1950; Lesser, R.

M., 1951; McEwen, G. F., 1931**, 193**c, 193^, 1937b,
19**0a, 191+Ob, 1950; Mao, H., 1951; Marlette, J.
W., 1951*-; Mason, M. A., 19**2, 1950b; Moberg,

E. G., 1928a, 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Fleming,
R. H., 193^; Moore, D. G. , 1951; Myers, E. H.,
191+3; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard,

F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 19*+6; Phleger, F. B.,
1951; Revelle, R., 1939&; Revelle, R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1939a, 1939h; Rice, E. K., 1951; Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 1952i; Shepard, F.
P., 1932, 1939c, 19^9a; Shepard, F. P. and
LaFond, E. C, 19I+O; Sinnott, A., 19^1; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1938a, 1939a, 1939c; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Staff, I9I+I; Trask, P. D., 1952b; Uchupi, E.,
1954; VanDorn, W. G. , 1953; Watts, C. M. and
Others, 1953

Unconformity: Barrows, A. L., 1913; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 19*+?; Shepard, F. P., 191+la

Uplift (See also: Diastrophism, Emergence, Warping):

Anonymous, 1932e; Alexander, C. S., 1950; Arnold,

D. and Arnold, R., 1902; Arnold, R., 1903, 1909;
Ashley, G. H., 1895, 1896, 1931; Bandy, 0. L.,
1953b; Beach Erosion Board, 19l*8i; Black, G.
L., 195**; Blake, W. P., 1898; Blankinship, J.
W. and Keeler, C. A., 1892; Bremner, C. St. J.,
1932; Bullard, E. C, I9I+O; Buwalda, J. p., 1927,
1936, 1948; Chamberlin, R. T. , I9I+I+; Chase, J.
L., I9U8; Clark, B. L., 1931; Cockerell, T. D.
A., 1938b; Comstrock, T. B., 1902; Congressional
Documents, 191+Oa, 1953b; Cotton, C. A., 19**2;
Crowell, J. C, 1952; Dall, W. H., 1878; Dicker-
son, R. E., 1922; Dietz, R. S., 19l*7b; Dietz,

R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 19^2;
Dietz, R. S. and Menard, H. W., 1951b; Diller,
J. S., 1901, 1902; Dunkle, M. B., 19^, 1950;
Eardley, A. J., 1951*; Eaton, J, E., 1932; Emery,
K. 0., 195^; Emiliani, C. and Epstein, S., 1953;
Fairbanks, H. W., 1897, 1901+; Fewkes, J. W.,
1889; Galliher, E. W., 1935c; Gilbert, G. K.,
1917; Gilluly, J., I9U9; Gislgn, T. , 19**3, V^hh;
Goodyear, W. A., I89O; Gorsline, D. S., 195**;
Grant, U. S., I9V+; Grant, U. S. and Sheppard,

W. E., 1939; Gutenberg, B., 1933, 19Mb; Handin,
J. W., 19*+9; Hershey, 0. H., 1903; Hertlein,
L. G. and Emerson, W. K. , 1953; Hewatt, W. G.,
191*6; Hill, R. T., 1928b, 1929; Hinde, H. P.,
1952; Hinds, N- E. A., 1952; Hobbs, W. H , 1921;
Holway, R. S., 19ll+; Howard, A. D. , 1951;
Johnson, D. W. , 191+1+ ; Kemnitzer, L. E., 1933,
1936; Kew, W. S. W., 1927; Kniffen, F. B., 1932;
Krumbein, W. C., 191+7; Lakes, A., 1899, 1903a;
Landes, K. K. , 1952a; Lawson, A. C, 1911+, 1950;
Leeds, C. T., 1915; Leonard, A. G. , 1925; Leypoldt,
H., 1931+; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Louderback,
G. D., 1930; Ma, T. Y. H., 1952; Marshall, W.
C, 1931+; Merriam, P. D. , 19^9; Merrill, F. J.
H., 19ll*; Moore, D. G. , 1951; Morrison, R. L.,
1930; Nicholson, G. F., 1929; Norris, R. M.,
1951; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a; Parkin, E. J.,
1914-8; Pratt, W. E., 19V7; Putnam, W. C, 1930-,
1937b; Reed, R. D-, 1933a, 19l+3a; Richarason,
R. W. , 1923; Ritter, W. E. , 1901; Salisbury,
R. D., 1909; Sanchez, P. C, 193^e; Sears, C.
B., 1876; Shepard, F. P., 1933a, 1933b, 1933c,
1935a, 1935b, 1936g, 1938a, 1938f, 19>+8c; Shepard,
F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 19^1 J Shuck, 0. T.,
1869; Shuler, W. R., 1952; Smith, P. A., 1938;
Smith, W. D., 1930, 1933a, 1933b, 1933c; Smith,
W. S. T., 1900, 1933; Stevenson, R. E., 195**;
Stille, H., 1936; Stock, C. and Furlong, E. L.,
1928; Taliaferro, N. L., 19^3; Thayer, W. N.,
19l6; Troxell, H. C. and Others, 191*2; Twenhofel,
W. H., 191*3; Upham, W., 1890, 1899; Upson, J.
E., 1951; Vickery, F. P., 1927a, 1927b; Weaver,
C. E., 19lt-5, 191*9; Whitney, J. D., 1865; Wilson,
M. E., 1907; Wisser, E., 1951*; Wittich, E.,
1913, 1920; Wood, H. 0., 1915; Woodring, W. P.
and Kew, W. S. W. , 1932; Yates, L. G., 1890b
Upwelling (See also: Downwelling) : Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950;
Allen, W. E., 1921a, 1922c, 1927c, 19l*0b, 19l*0c,
19l*lc, 19l*5; Bartsch, P., 1921b; Bigelow, H.
B. and Leslie, M., 1930; Brongersma-Sanders,
M., 19W; Bullock, F. W., 1933; Byers, H. R.,
1930; California Academy of Sciences, California
Division of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography of the University of California, and
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1950, 1951a;
California Academy of Sciences, California Division
of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy of the University of California, U. S. Fish
and Wildlife Service, and Hopkins Marine Station,
Stanford University, 1951; California Academy
of Sciences, California Division of Fish and
Game, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station,
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, South Pacific
Fishery Investigation, University of California,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1952, 1953;
Carsola, A. J., 19l*7; Dall, W. H., 1911; Dawson,
E. Y., 191*6, 1950, 1952; Defant, A., 1950a, 1950b;
Dill, R. F., 1952; Dunkle, M. B., 1950; Emery,
K. 0., 195**a; Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S.,
1950; Emiliani, C. and Epstein, S., 1953;
Fleming, R. H., 1939a, 1939h, 19l+0b, 19l*2;
Fleming, R. H., Moberg, E. G. and Revelle, R.,
1937a; Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R., 1939;
Galliher, E. W., 1935c; Gilbert, J. Y. and Allen,
W. E., 19^3; Gislen, T. , 191*3, I9M*; Gorton, A.
F., 1930a, 1930b, 1932, 193I*; Gorsline, D. S.,
1951*; Graham, H. W., 19l*lb; Graham, H. W. and
Moberg, E. G. , I9M+; Hanna, G. D., 1952; Hidaka,
K., 1953; Holway, R. S., 1905; Hoover, J. W. ,
1932a, 1932b; Horrer, P. L., 19l*8a; Hubbs, C.
L., 19l*8; Krumbein, W. C, 19l*7; LaFond, E. C,
1939a; Leipper, D. F., 1950; Leslie, M., 1928;
Leslie, M. and Moberg, E. G., 1930; Leypoldt, H.,
19l*la; McAdie, A. G., 1911*; McEwen, G. F.,
1910, 1912, 191I*, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1919a, 1919b,
1927, 193l*a, 193l*e; Mason, E. H., 1930; Mayor,
A. G., 1922; Michael, E. L., 1919, 1921; Miller,
R. C>, Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928;
Moberg, E. G. , 1925, 1928a, 1930b, 1930c; Moberg,
E. G. and Fleming, R. H., 1931*; Moberg, E. G.,
Seiwell, H. R., Graham, H. W. and Paul, J. H.,
1930; Munk, W. H., 19^7b; Murphy, H. E., 192**;
Myers, E. H., 19l*3; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R.
and Rittenberg, S. C, V)hX; Nicholson, G. F.,
Grant, U. S. , Shepard, F. P., Crowell, J. C., 19l*6;

122

Special Report 44

O'Brien, M. P., 1936a; Palmer, A. H., 1917;
Patton, C. P., 1953; P'ei, C, 1929; Petterssen,
S., 1938; Phelps, A., 1937; Pratt, W. E., 1947;
Revelle, R., 1950; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F.
P-, 1939b; Ritter, W. E., 1924; Russell, p. S.,
1934; Saito, Y., 1951; Sargent, M. S. and Walker,
T. J., 1948; Schenck, H. G., 1928; Schott, G.,
1934, 1935; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1950g; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l;
Skogsberg, T., 1933, 1934, 1936; Skogsberg, T.
and Phelps, A., 1946; Sleggs, G. F., 1927;
Stockmann, W. B., 1946; Sverdrup, H. U., 193*4-,
1937-1938, 1938a, 1938b, 1938c, 1939a, 1939b,
1939c, 1940a, 19tob, 19U0d, 191+Oe, 1940f, 194la,
194lc, 1942, 1944a, 1944b; Sverdrup, H. U. and
Allen, W. E., 1939; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming,
R. H., 19^1; Sverdrup, H. U. and Fleming, R. H.,
Johnson, M. W., 1942; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff,
19^1, 1942b, 1943b; Thompson, T. G. and Robinson,
R. J., 1932; Tibby, R. B., 1939, 1943; Tilden,
C. A., 1925; Topp, E. P., 1929; Trask, P. D.,
1932a, 1934, 1939; Vaughan, T. W. , 1930b, 1930d,
1932b, 1932c, 1933, 1934, 1940; Woodring, W. P.,
193_8a; Wooster, W. S., 1952; Yoshida, K. and
Mao, H. L., 1954

Upwelling, Rate: Ahlstrom, E. H., 1950; Hidaka, K. , 1953;
Saito, Y., 1951

Uranium - see Radioactivity

Vanadium: Goldberg, E. D. , 1954; Lowenstam, H. A-, 1954;

Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0-, 1951; Thompson,

T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932
Varved Clay (See also: Clay): Emery, K. 0. and Dietz,

R. S., 19^1
Vegetation, Coastal Sand Dunes: Beach Erosion Board, 1953c;

Blake, J., l868a; Bremner, C. St. J., 1933;

Cambell, M. R., 1915; Cockerell, T. D. A., 1938a;

Cooper, W. S., 1927, 1934; Glbbs, R. E., 1900;

Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Inman, D. L., 19^9;

McKee, R. and Schoth, H. A., 194l; McLaughlin,

W. T. and Brown, R. L., 1943; Merriam, P. D.,

1949; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1908; Page, G. B. , 1950;

Pierce, W. D. and Pool, D. , 1938; Purer, E. A.,

1936; Richardson, R. W., 1923; Smith, W. D. ,

1933c; Vickery, F. P., 1927a; White, D., 1911;

Wiggins, I. L., 1929; Woodring, W. P., Bramlette,

M. N. and Kew, W. S. W., 1946
Viscosity: Allen, W. E., 194ld; Goldberg, E. D., 1954;

Moberg, E. G., 1928a, 1930c; Revelle, R., 1936,

1944
Volatile Solids (See also: Non-volatile Solids, Total

Solids): Lipman, C. B., 1929
Volcanic Debris (see also: Ash, Purmice, Rock, Volcanic

Rock): Goldberg, E. D., 1954 (volcanic glass);

Piggot, C. S., 1932; Revelle, R., 1935, 1937b;

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1953e;

Shepard, F. P., Revelle, R., Dietz, R. S. and

Emery, K. 0-, 1938
Volcanic Mud (See also: Terrigenous Sediments): Revelle,

R., 1935
Volcanic Rock (See also various types of volcanic rock):

Anderson, C. A., 194l; Butcher, W. S., 1951a;

Chesterman, C. W., 1952; Clements, T. and Emery,

K. 0., 1947; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and

Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dill, R. F. , Dietz, R. S.

and Stewart, H., 1954; Eardley, A. J., 1954;

Emery, K. 0., 194lc, 1946b, 1947b, 1948; Emery,

K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,

F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P.,

1945; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 194l;

Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Hanna, G. D., 1952;

Hansen, H. A. and Pemberton, J. R., 1950; Holzman,

J. E., 1950; Norris, R. M., 1951; Pease, W. H.,

1868; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;

Shepard, F. P., WWc; Shepard, F. P. and Emery,

K. 0., 1941; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G.

A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937;

Sherzer, W. F., 1910; Trask, P. D., 1931b
Vulcanism, Submarine: Anonymous, 1927; Blake, W. P., 1856;

Bucher, W. H., 19k); Daly, R. A., 1934; Dietz,

R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;

Eardley, A. J., 1954; Emery, K. 0., 1952a;

Goldberg, E. D. , 1954; Harding, M. W. and Moberg,

E. G., 1934; Havemann, H., 1952; Hobbs, W. H.,

1944; Hodge, E. T., 1934; Koczy, F. F., 1954;

Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950; Menard, H. W. and
Dietz, R. S., 1951; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick,
J. C, 1951; Norris, R. M., 1951; Piggot, C.
S., 1944; Piggot, C. S. and Urry, W. D., 1942;
Revelle, R., 1950; Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, 1952h, 1953b; Shaler, N. S., 1895,
1896; Shepard, F. P., 1938i, 194lb, 1950e;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 1937, 1941;
Shuck, 0. T., 1869; Smith, P. A., 1940; Swaineon,
0. W., 1944; Veach, J. A., 1859

Warping, Deformation (See also: Continental shelf, Origin;
Continental Slope, Origin; Diastrophism,
Emergence, Uplift): Alexander, C. S., 1950;
Buwalda, J. P., 1927; Cotton, C. A., 1942, 1914;
Crowell, J. c., 1952; Davis, W. M., 1933; Emery,
K. 0., 1950c; Goldberg, J., 1940; Handin, J. W.,
1949; Kemnitzer, L. E., 1936; Krumbein, W. C,
1947; Landes, K. K. , 1952a; Livingston, A.,
Jr., 1939; Putnam, W. C, 1930, 1937b; Rode,
K., 1930; Shepard, F. P., 1950e; Smith, W. D. ,
1933b; Smith, W. S. T., 1902; Taliaferro, N.
L., 1943; Toit, A. L. du, I9I+O; Upson, J. E.,
1951; Vickery, F. P., 1927a; Wisser, E., 1954;
Wood, H. 0., 1915
Water Color - see Red Water, Turbid Water
Water Content of Sediments - see Interstitial Water
Water Masses (See also: Salinity, Temperature, T-S Curves,
Water Type): Allen, w. E., 194la, 194lc, 1946a,
1946b; California Academy of Sciences, California
Department of Fish and Game, Scripps Institution
of Oceanography of the University of California,
U. S. Fish and wildlife Service, and Hopkins
Marine Station, Stanford University, 1951; Defant,
A., 1950a; Dietz, R. S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1942; Dill, R. F., 1952; Emery, K. 0.,
1954d; Emiliani, C, 1954; Fleming, R. H., 1939a,
1940a; Fleming, R. H., Moberg, E. G. and Revelle,
R., 1937a, 1937b; Fleming, R. H. and Revelle, R.,
1939; Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Horrer, P. L.,
1948a; Johnson, M. W. , 1939b; McEwen, G. F.,
1937b, 1950; Robinson, M. K., 1951; Shepard, F.
P., 1950c; Sverdrup, H. U. , 1934, 1937-1938,
1938c, 1938d, 1939b, 1939c, 1940d, 1940g, 194la,
1944a; Sverdrup, H. U. and Allen, W. E., 1939;
Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W. and Fleming, R.
H., 1942; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l, 1943b;
Tibby, R. B., 194l, 1944; Vaughan, T. W., 1934
Water Table, beach unless otherwise noted: Bascom, W. N.,
1946b, 1947d; Emery, K. 0., 1945a; Emery, K. 0.
and Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0. and Gale,
J. F., 1951; Grant, U. S., 1946, 1948; Inman,
D. L., 1953a; Isaacs, J. D., 1947; Isaacs, J.
D. and Bascom, W. N., 1949; McKee, E. D., 1953;
Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P.
and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Nelson, J. w., Zinn,

C. J., Strahorn, A. T., Watson, E. B. and Dunn,
J. E., 1919 (marsh, slough, lagoon); Patrick,

D. A., 1950; Stevenson, R. E., 1954 (marsh,
lagoon, estuary)

Water Type (See also: Salinity, Temperature, T-S Curves,

Water Masses): Sverdrup, H. U. and Allen, W. E.,
1939

Waves (See also: Internal Waves, Sediment Transport, Wave
Forecasting, Wave Refraction): Anonymous, 1894a,
19l6a, 19l6d, 1933e, 1935, 1938a, 1940c, 1940d,
194la, 1950b, 1950d, 1951d, 1952f, 1954J; Allen,
W. E., 194ld; Andrews, H. L., 194-5; Arthur, R.
S., 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951; Bache, A. D., l856e,
1862; Bascom, W. N., 1946b, 1947a, 1947b, 1947d,
1947e, 1948a, 1948b, 1948h, 1948i, 1950c; Bascom,
W. N., Wiegel, R. L., and Chinn, A. J., 1948;
Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A. H., 1948; Baucher, J.
W., 1947; Beach Erosion Board, 1942a, 1948b, 19481
1951, 1952b, 1953a, 1953b, 1953c, 1954b; Blinn,
F. S., 1928; Bond, A. H., 1927; Branner, J. C,
1900; Brown, E. I., 1939; Bruff, S. C, 1946;
Bucher, W. H., 1940; Burt, W. V. and Saur, J. F.
T., Jr., 1948; Butcher, W. S-, 1951a; Byerly,
P., 1942; California, University of, 1945, 1949,
1951c, 1952a, 1954a, 1954b; Carpenter, F. A., 1924
Chase, J. L., 1948; Chinn, A. J., 1949; Cleland,
H. F., 1910; Cochrane, J. D. and Arthur, R. S.,
1948; Congressional Documents, 1908a, 1908e, 1938a
1940a, 1940b, I940e, 1942b, 1949b, 1949c, 1949f,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

123

19^9-1950b, 1953; Connell, C. H. and Cross, J.
B., 1950; Cotton, c. A., 1942; Crooke, R. C.,
Elvitsky, A. W. , et al, 1953; Crowell, J. C,
19U7, 1952; Datz, M. and Others, 1953; Davis,
W. M., 1925, 1932; Deacon, G. E. R., 1949;
Defant, A., 1950b; Dietz, R. S., 1947b, 1952b;
Dunham, J. W., 1951; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery,
K. 0., 1944, 1945a, 1945b, 1947b, 1948, 1952a,
1953b, 1954e; Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S.,
Gould, H. R. and Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery,
K. 0. and Foster, J. F., 1948; Emery, K. 0.
and Gale, J. F., 1951; Emery, K. 0. and Shepard,
F. P., 1945; Emery, K. 0. and Stevenson, R. E.,
1950; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy, R. H., 19^1;
Ewlng, G. C, 1950a, 1950b; Fisher, R. L. and
Mills, R., 1952; Folsom, R. G., 1944a, 1944b,
1944c, I944d, 1945a, 1945b, 1945c, 1948a, 1948b;
Forrest, D. R. , 1950, 1951a, 1951b; Fox, L. S.,
1930; Fries, A. A., 1912; Gaillard, D. D., 1904;
Galliher, E. W., 1933; Gerhardt, J. R. and Jehn,
K. H., 1954; Gilbert, G. K. , 1917; Gillette,
C. E., 1905; Gislen, T., 1943, 1944; Goldberg,
J., 1940; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S.,
1938, 1943, 1946, 1948; Grant, U. S. and Shepard,
F. P., 1937, 1938a, 1940, 1946; Granthem, K. N.,
1952, 1953; Griggs, A. B. and Wells, F. G. , 1942;
Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Gutenberg, B., 1936a,
1953; Hall, J. V., Jr., 1952; Hall, W. C, 1938,
1941, 1942; Handin, J. W. , 1949, 1951; Handin,
J. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1949; Harney, L. A.,
Saur, J. F. T., Jr. and Robinson, A. R., 1949;
Harts, W. W. , 1911; Hawgood, H., 1914; Herold,
C. L., 1934; Hickson, R. E. and Rodolf, F. W.,
1951; Hinds, N. E. A., 1952; Horrer, P. L.,
1948b, 1949, 195O; Horton, D. F., 1948; Hovick,
J-, 1945; Hudson. R. Y. and Moore, L. F., 1951;
Hughes, R. T., 1946, 1947; Inman, D. L., 1949,
1950, 1953a, 1953b; Inman, D. L. and Quinn, W.
H., 1952; Isaacs, J. D. , 1945a, 1945c, 1945d,
1945i, 1945k, 1945m, 1947a, 1947b, 1948; Isaacs,
J. D. and Bascom, W. N. , 1947; Isaacs, J. D. and
Saville, T., Jr., 1948; Isaacs, J. D. and Schorr,
S. and Chinn, A. J., 1947; Isaacs, J. D. and
Wiegel, R. L., 1950; Iversen, H. W. , 1945;
Iversen, H. W. and Morrison, J. R., 1951; Johnson,
A. G., 1940c; Johnson, D. W. , 1910, 1944;
Johnson, J. w., 1944, 1945a, 1945b, 1945c, 1947a,
1947b, 1948a, 1948b, 1948d, 1949, 1949a, 1949b,
1950; Johnson, J. W. and Isaacs, J. D., 1948;
Johnson, J. w. and Wiegel, R. L., 1953; Jones,
J. W. , 1948; Kaplan, K. and Pape, H. E., Jr.,
1951; Killory, M. F., 1945a, 1945b; Knapp, R.
T., 1951, 1952; Knapp, R. T. and Vanoni, V. A.,
19^5; Knudsen, V. 0., Alford, R. S. and Emling,
J. W. , 1948; Krumbein, W. C, 1947 (also cross
waves), 1950; Krumbein, W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E.,
1950; Kuenen, Ph. H. and Menard, H. W., 1952;
LaFond, E. C, 1939a; Lakes, A., 1899; Lansley,
W. W., 1937; Lauer, E., 1948; Leeds, C. T. , 19l6,
1936; Leeds, C. T., Vanoni, V. A., and Knapp, R.
T., 1934; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; Lieber,
A. C, Jr., 1940; McAdam, D., 1947a; McAfee,
C. M., Jr., 1939; McEwen, G. F., 1935a; McEwen,
G. F. and Staff, 1948; McGowan, W. C, 1916;
McKee, E. D., 1953; McLellan, M. E., 1925; McOuat,
H. W., 1951; MacCamy, R. C, 1952; MacDonald,
G. A. and Shepard, F. P., 1947; Marlette, J. W.,
1954; Mason, M. A., 1942, 1948, 1949a, 1949b,
1950a, 1950b, 1951; Meek, R. T., 1945; Menard,
H. W., 1952; Meyer, R. D., 1936; Moffit, F. H.,
1953a, 1953b; Moore, D. G. , 1951; Morey, B. F.,
1945; Morrison, R. L., 1930; Munch, J. F., 1945;
Munk, W. H., 1947a, 1947b, 1948, 1949a, 1949b,
1951, 1952, 1953; Munk, W. H. and Arthur, R. S.,
1952; Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M. A., 1945, 1947;
Nicholls, C. P. L., 1936a, 1936c, 1939; Nicholson,
G. F., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell,
J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M., 1951; O'Brien,
M. P., 1936a, 1936b, 1939, 1941, 1945a, 1945bi,
1946a, 1947a, 1947b; O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson,
J. W., 1947; O'Brien, M. P. and Nilmeier, H. P.,
1945; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a; Page, G. B.,
1950; Palmer, R. H., 1928; Patrick, D. A., 1953;
Patton, R. S. and Manner, H. A., 1932; Peel,
K. P., 1951; Postel, A. C, 1937; Pratt, W. E.,

1947; Putnam, J. A., 1947; Putnam, J. A. and
Arthur, R. S., 1948; Putnam, J. A. and Bermel,
K. J., 1946; Putnam, J. A., Munk, W. H. and
Traylor, M. A., 1948, 1949; Putnam, W. C,
1938; Putz, R. R., 1950a, 1950b, 1953; Revelle,
R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b; Richardson, R. W.,
1923; Rode, K., 1930; Roop, F. C, 1946;
Rudnick, P., 1951; Sanchez, P. C, 1934b; Saur,
J. T. F., Jr., 1950; Saville, T., Jr., 1947,
1948; Schaufele, H. J., 1951; Schupp, R. D.,
1953; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1944a,
1944b, 1944c, 1944d, I944e, 1944g, I944h, 1945a,
1945b, 1945d, 1947, 1951, 19521, 1953c, 1953d,
1953fj Seiwell, H. R., 1950; Shaler, N. S.,
1895; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1933b, 1935d, 1936d,
l936f, 1937b, I937f, 1938c, I938g, 1940c, I94la,
1942a, 1943b, 1947b, 1948b, 1949a, 1949b, 1949d,
1950b, 1950f, 1950g, 1951a; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard, F. P., Emery, K. 0.
and LaFond, £.- c., 194l; Shepard, F. P. and
Grant, U. S., 1947; Shepard, F. P. and Inman,
D. L., 1949, 1951a, 1951b; Shepard, F. P.,
Inman, D. L., and Fisher, R. L., 1951; Shepard,
F. P. and LaFond, E. C., 1939, 1940, 1942;
Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald, G. A., 1938;
Shepard, F. P. and Sayner, D. B., 1953; Shepard,

F. P. and Wrath, W. F., 1937; Sherzer, W. H.,
1910; Shuler, W. R., 1951, 1952; Sinnott, A.,
194l; Smith, W.D., 1933b; Smith, W. S. T.,
1897; Snodgrass, F. E., 1951, 1952, 1954;
Snodgrass, F. E., Morison, J. R., Hall, M. A.,
Granthem, K. N. and Wiegel, R. L., 1952;
Snodgrass, F. E., Rice, E. K. and Hall, M. A.,
1951; Snodgrass, F. E. and Stiling, D. E.,
1951; Somers, p., 1952; Stanford, University
of, 1951; Stelzenmuller, Wm. B., 1949; Steven-
son, R. E., 1954; Stockman, L. P., 1932; Stump,
R. S., 1944a; Sverdrup, H. U., 1936; Sverdrup,
H. U. and Munk, W. H., 1947; Sverdrup, H. .U.
and Staff, 1942a, 1946; Swinnerton, A. C,
1927; Swain, F. E., 1951; Thompson, W. 0.,
1933, 1937; Thompson, W. F. and Thompson, J.
B., 1919; Todd, D. K. and Wiegel, R. L., 1951,
1952; Tower, M. L., 1910, 1913; Trask, P. D. ,
1924, 1931b, 1952a, 1952b; Twenhofel, W. H.,
1943; U. S. Hydrographic Office, 1943a, 1944c;
U. S. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Mississippi, 1935, 1947a, 1947b, 1949, 1950;
VanDorn, W. G. , 1953; Vanoni, V. A., and Carr,
J. H., 1951; Vaughan, T. W. , 1931; Verrill,

G. E., 1930; Ward, H. A., 1952; Warner, S. E.,
1947; Walker, B. W., 1947; Watts, G. M. and
Others, 1953; White, A. B., 1945; White, D.,
1911; Whittemore, G. F., 1916, 1928; Wiegel,
R. L., 1947a, 1947b, 1947c, 1948, 1949; Wiegel,
R. L. and Kimberley, H. L., 1950; Wiegel, R.
L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1953;
Wiegel, R. L., Todd, D. K. and Kimberley, H. L.,
1950; Williams, E. A., and Isaacs, J. D., 1952;
Woodford, A. 0-, 1935

Wave and Marine Erosion, including erosion by Currents

(See also: Continental Shelf, Origin; Continental
Slope, Erosion; Submarine Canyons, Origin):
■Anonymous, l882a; Beach Erosion Board, 1948j;
Bowman, a., 1873; Buffington, E. C, 1951;
Carsola, A. J. and Dietz, R. S., 1952; Carsola,
A. J., Dietz, R. S. and Russell, R. D., 1949;
Carter, G. F., 1948; Clark, B. L., 1931; Cleland,
H. F., 1910; Davis, W. M., 1932; Davidson, G.,
1875; Dietz, R. S., 1947a; Dietz, R. S., Emery,
K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942; Dietz, R. S.
and Menard, H. W. , 1951a, 1951b; Dill, R. F.,
Dietz, R. S. and Stewart, H., 1954; Diller, J.
S., 1902; Dunkle, M. P., 1950; Emery, K. 0.,
194lb, 1947b, 1947c, 1950d, 1952b; Emery, K. 0.
and Dietz, R. S., 1950; Emery, K. 0. and
Shepard, F. P., 1945; Emmonds, S. F. and Merrill,
G. P., 1894; Goldberg, J., 1940; Grant, U. S.,
1940, 1946; Grant, U. S. and Shepard, F. P.,
1938a, 1938b; Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Hanna, M.
A., 1926; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C,
1949; Hplzman, J. E., 1950; Herold, C. L., 1934;
Ives, R.'l., 1951; Landes, K. K. , 1952b;
Lawson, A. C, 1883a, 1894; LeConte, J., 189I;
Louderback, G. D., 1940; McDonald, G. A., 1934;

124

Special, Report 44

McGee, W. J., 1900; McLellan, M. E., 1925;
Menard, H. W. and Ludwick, J. c., 1951; Norris,
R. M., 1951; Pease, w. H., 1868; Reiche, p.,
1937; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P., 1939b;
Shaler, N. S., 1896; Shepard, F. P., 1932, 1935a,
1936f, 1938h, 194la, 1949e; Shepard, F. P. and
Emery, K. 0., 1937; Shepard, F. P. and Grant,
U. S., 19^7; Shepard, F. P., Grant, U. S. and
Dietz, R. S., 1939; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,
G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. -P. and Wrath, W. F.,
1937; Smith, W. D., 1933c; Smith, W. S. T., 1900;
Toit, A. L., du, 1940; Trask, P. D., 1952b; Willis,
B., 1900; Wilson, M. E., 1907
Wave Base - see Equilibrium
Wave Convergence - see Convergence, Waves
Wave Cut Terraces, Platform, Bench (See also: Terraces):
Davis, W. M , 1932; Griggs, A. B. and Wells, F.
G., 1942; Handin, J. rf., 19U9, 1951; Lawson,
A. C, 1893a (time to cut wave cut bench);
Leonard, A. G., 1925; Putnam, W. C, 1938,
19^0; Shaler, N. s., 1895; Shepard, F. P.,
1938h, 194la, 1948c, 1950g; Shepard, F. P. and
Grant, U. S., 1947; Shepard, F. P. and MacDonald,
G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath, W. F.,
1937; Thompson, W. 0., 1933; Trask, P. D., 1952a;
Twenhofel, W. H., 1943; Upson, J. E., 1949a,
1951; Willis, B., 1900
Wave Diffraction - see Diffraction of Waves
Wave Divergence - see Divergence of Waves

Wave Forecasting: Arthur, R. S. , 1948, 1951; Datz, M. and
Others, 1953; Folsom, R. G., 1944d; Forrest,
D. R., 1951b; Horrer, P. L , 1949; Isaacs,
J. D. and Saville, T. , Jr., 1948; Isaacs,
J. D., Schorr, S. and Chinn, A. J., 1947; Johnson,
J. W., 1945a; Killory, M. F., 1945a, 1945b; Munk,
W. H. and Arthur, R. s., 1952; Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, 1944h, 1945b; Stump, R. s., 1945a,
1945b, I9^5e, 19^5f, 1945g, 19^5h, 19^51, 19^5 j,
19^5k, 19 46b, 1946c, 19146a, 1948b; stump, R. S.
and Bascom, W. N., 1947; Stump, R. S. and Herman-
son, R. T., 1945a, 19^5b, 19^5c, 1945d, 19^5e;
Sverdrup, H. U. and Munk, W. H., 1947; U. S.
Hydrographic Office, 1943a, 1944c
Wave Refraction (See also: Diffraction of Waves, Divergence
of Waves): Anonymous, 1940c, 1940d; Arthur, R.
S., 1950; Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A- H., 1948;
Beach Erosion Board, 1948a, 1948h, 1948i, 1953c;
Branner, J. C, 1900; Burt, W. V. and Saur, J.
F. T., Jr., 1948; California, University of, I9U5,
1952a; Carpenter, F. A., 1924; Congressional
Documents, 1938a, 1940a, 1949f, 19^9-1950b, 1953;
Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W., et al, 1953;
Crowell, J. c., 1950; Dietz, R. s., 19^;
Dunham, J. W., 1951; Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery,
K. 0., Butcher, W. S., Gould, H. R. and Shepard,
F. P., 1952; Folsom, R. G., 1944a; Forrest, D.
R., 1951a; Gee, H. C., 1938; Goldberg, J., 1940;
Gorsline, D. S., 195^; Grant, U. S. and Shepard,
F. P., 19^0; Hall, J. v., Jr., 1952; Hall, W.
C, 1938; Handin, J. W., 1949, 1951; Handin,
J. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1949; Horrer, P. L.,
19^9, 1950; Inman, D. L., 1949, 1953a, 1953b;
Isaacs, J. D., 19^7b, 1948; Isaacs, J. D. ,
Schorr, S. and Chinn, A. J., 1947; Johnson, J.
w., 19^5b, 19^5c, 19^5d, I9^7b, 1948b, 1948c,
1952; Johnson, J. W. and Isaacs, J. P., 1948;
Johnson, J. W. and O'Brien, M. P., 1946; Johnson,
J. W., O'Brien, M. P. and Isaacs, J. D. , 1948;
Kaplan, K., 1952; Krumbein, W. C, 19^7, 1950;
Krumbein;, W. C. and Ohsiek, L. E., 1950; Lapsley,
W. W. , 1937; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939; MacCamy,
R. C, 1952; Marlette, J. W., 195^; Mason, M.
A., 1949a, 1951; Miller, F. , 194l; Milner, F.,
1941; Moffitt, F. H., 1953b; Moore, D. G. , 1951;
Munk, W. H., 19'*8, 1953; Munk, W. H. and Traylor,
M. A., 1947; Nicholson, G. F., Grant, U. S.,
Shepard, F. p. and Crowell, J. C, 1946; O'Brien,
M. P., 1939, 1944, 1946a, 1947b; O'Brien, M. P.
and Johnson, J. W., 1947; Osborn, P., (undated);
Page, G. B., 1950; Peel, K. P., 1951; Putnam,
J. A. and Arthur, R. S., 1948; Richardson, R. W.,
1923; Saville, T., Jr., 1951; Scripps Institution
of oceanography, 1944c, 1944e, 1944f, 1945a, 1945b,
19521, 1953c; Shepard, F. P., 1948b, 1950c, 1950g;
Shepard, F. P. and Inman, D. L., 19^9, 1951a, 1951b;

Shuler, W. R., 1951; Stump, R. S., 1944a, 1944b, 194
1945a, 1945b, 1945c, 1945d, 1945e, 1945f, 1945g,
1945h, 1945i, 1945J, 19^5k, 1946a, 1946b, 1946c,
1946d, 1946e, 1948a, 1948b; Stump, R. S. and
Bascom, W. N., 1947; Stump, R. S. and Hermanson,
R. F., 19^5a, 19^5b, 1945c, 1945d, 1945e; Sver-
drup, H. U. and Staff, 1946; Trask, P. D., 1931b,
1952b; u. S. Hydrographic office, 1944c; U. S.
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississ-
ippi, 1947a; Vanoni, V. A. and Carr, J. H., 1951;
Wanless, H. R., 1950; Ward, H. A., 1952; Wiegel,
R. L., Patrick, D. A. and Kimberley, H. L., 1953;
Williams, E. A. and Isaacs, J. D., 1952

Wave Ripples - see Sea or Wave Ripples

Wave Shadow: Grant, U. S., 1938; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick,
J. C, 1949

Width - see Beaches, Continental Shelf

Wind (See also: Meteorology and climate): Anonymous, 1916a,
1917, 1938a, 1940d, 1951d, 1952f; Ahlstrom, E. H.,
1950; Anderson, J. B., 1931; Andrews, H. L.,
19^5; Arthur, R. S., 1949, 1951; Atwill, E. H.,
1942; Bache, A. D., 1858; Bascom, W. N., 1946b;
Bates, C. C. and Glenn, A. H., 1948; Beals,

E. A., 1919; Beer, C. G. P. and Leopold, L. B.,
1947; Beach Erosion Board, 1939, 1942a, 1948b,
I948h, I948i, 1948 j, 1952b, 1953; Bigelow, h.

B. and Leslie-, M., 1930; Blake, W. P., 1856;
Blankinship, J. w., 1892; Bond, A. H., 1927;
Branner, J. C., 1913; Brant, I., 1925; Brooks,

C. W., 1875; Brown, E. I., 1939; Bullock, F.
W., 1933; Calif. Acad, of Sci., Calif. Div. Fish
and Game, Scripps Inst. Oceanography et al, 1950;
Calif. Academy of Science, Calif. Div. Fish and
Game, Stanford Univ., Hopkins Mar. Sta., et al, 1952
1953'; California Department of Public Works,
1952f ; California, University of, 1952a, 1954a;
Carpenter, F. A., 1924; Chase, J. L., 1948;
Clarke, K. B., 1934; Congressional Documents,
1908a, 1938a, 1940a, 1942b, 1943, 1949b, 1949-
1950b, 1953a, 1953b; Connell, C. H. and Cross,

J. B., 1950; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W.,
et al, 1953; Cummings, N. W. , 1950; Dall, W.
H., 1904, 19H; Datz, M. and Others, 1953;
Davidson, G. , 1859, 1864, l873c; Davis, W. M. ,
1925, 1932; Dawson, E. Y., 1951; Dietz, R. S.
and LaFond, E. C, 1950; Dietz, R. S. and
Menard, H. W., 1951b; Dill, R. F., 1949, 1952;
Disney, L. P. and Overshiner, W. H., 1925;
Dunkle, M. B., 1944, 195O; Eddy, H. P., Hyde,
C. G., Kennedy, C. C. and Reynolds, L. B., 1936;
Eldridge, Z. S. and Molera, E. J., 1909; Elliott,

F. E., Tressler, W. L. and Myers, W. H., 1953;
Emery, K. 0., Butcher, W. S-, Gould, H. R. and
Shepard, F. P., 1952; Emery, K. 0. and Tschudy,
R. H., 1941; Evans, 0. F. , 194l; Ewing, G. C,
1950a, 1950b, 1950c; Findlay, A. G., 185I;
Folsom, R. G., 1944d, 1945b; Ford, J. L. C,
1942; Gaillard, D. D., 1904; Gislen, T. , 1943,
1944; Goldberg, J., 1940; Gorsline, D. S.,
1954; Gorton, A. F., 1930b, 1934; Grant, U. S.,
1938; Great Britain Hydrographic Office, 1866;
Great Britain Meteorological Office, 1950;
Gulliver, F. P., 1896; Gutenberg, B., 194lb,
1953; Hall, W. C, 1942; Hall, W. H. , 1886;
Handin, J. W. , 1949; Handin, J. W. and Ludwick,
J. C, 1949; Hanna, M. A., 1926; Harts, W. W. ,
1911; Hawgood, H., 1914; Hidaka, K., 1953; Hinds,
N. E. A., 1952; Holway, R. S., 1905; Hoover-Young
San Francisco Bay Bridge Commission, 1930; Horrer,
P. L., 1949, 195O; Horton, D. F. , 1948; Hyde,

C. G., Gray, H. F. and Rawn, A. M., 194l; Inman,

D. L., 19^9; Inman, D. L. and Quinn, W. H., 1952;
Ives, R. L., 1951; Jacobs, W. C, 1939, 1943;
Jacobs, W. C. and Clarke, K. B., 1943; Johnson,
A. G., 1935; Johnson, D. W. , 1910; Johnson, J.
W., 1949a, 1952, 1953b; Jones, E. L., 1918;
Kniffen, F. B., 1932; Krumbein, W. C, 1947;
LaFond, E. C, 1938, 1939a; Lawton, C. H.,

1936; Leeds, C. T., 19l6, 1936; Leeds, C. T.,
Vanoni], V. A. and Knapp, R. T., 193^; Leypoldt,
H., 194la, 1942; Leipper, D. F., 1950; Lieber,
A. C, Jr., 1940; Livingston, A., Jr., 1939;
McAdie, A. G., 19l4; McAfee, C. M., Jr., 1939;
McEwen, G. F., 1912, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1918,
1919a, 1919b, 1927, 1928b, 1930c, 1934a, 1934c,

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

125

1935a; McEwen, G. P., and staff, 1914-8; McLellan,
M. E., 1925; McManus, A- B. , 1934; McOuat, H.
W., 1951; MacGinitie, G. E., 1934; Marlette,
J. W. , 1954; Manner, H. A., 1926, 1928, 1952;
Mason, M. A., 1942, 1950b; Masters, p., 181*0;
Mayor, A. G. , 1922; Menard, H. W. and Ludwick,
J. C, 1951; Michael, E. L., 1921; Miller, R.
C., Ramage, W. D. and Lazier, E. L., 1928; Moberg,

E. G., 1928a, 1930c; Moberg, E. G. and Fleming,
H. H., 1934; Moore, D. G., 1951; Morrison, R.
L., 1930; Moser, J. F., 1898; Munk, W. H.,
19l+7b, 1950; Natland, M. L., Revelle, R. and
Rittenberg, S. C, 194l; Nicholls, C. P. L., 1939;
Nicholson, G. P., Grant, U. S., Shepard, F. P.
and Crowell, J. C, 1946; Norris, R. M., 1951,
1953; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a, 1936b, 1939, I9UI,
1946a, 194Tb; O'Brien, M. P. and Johnson, J. W.,
1947; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a; Page, G. B.,
1950; Palmer, A. H., 1917; Patton, C. P., 1953;
Patton, R. S. and Manner, H. A., 1932; Postel,
A. C, 1937; Purer, E. A., 1936; Putnam, J. A.,
1947; Putnam, J. A., Munk, W. H. and Traylor, M.
A., 19^9; Putnam, W. C, 1938; Raitt, R. W. ,
1954; Reid, R. 0., 1948a; Remondino, P. C,
1892; Rice, E. K., 1951; Richardson, R. W.,
1923, 1943; Richter, C. M. , 1887; Rolland, M.
C, 1952; Rossby, C.-G., 1951; Rosser, W. H.,
1870; Rude, G. T., 1933'; San Diego Regional
Water Pollution Control Board, 1952; Sanford,

J. J., 1908; Saur, J. T. F., 1950; Schneider,
W. A., 1954; Schott, G., 1934, 1935; Schupp,
R. D., 1953; Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
1944c, 1945c, 1949a, 1949b to 1949e, 1950a to
1950e, 1950g, 1951a to 1951f, 1951h to 1951J,
1951L, 1951m, 1952a, 1952b, I952e to 1952g, 1953c;
Sears, C. B., 1876; Shaler, C. B., 1895; Shepard,

F. P., 1932, 1935d, 1949d, 1950b, 1950c, 1950f;
Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0., 194l; Shepard,
F. P. and Inman, D. L., 1949, 1951b; Shepard,

F. P. and LaFond, E. C., 1940; Shepard, F. P.
and MacDonald, G. A., 1938; Shepard, F. P. and
Sayner, D. B., 1953; Shepard, F. P. and Wrath,
W. F., 1937; Shipmasters and Others, 1879;
Shuler, W. R., 1951; Sinnott, A., 194l; Skogsberg,
T., 1936; Smith, W. S. T., 1897; Somers, P.,
1952; Stelzenmuller, Wm. B., 194-9; Stevenson,

R. E., 1954; Stockman, L. P., 1932; Stockmann,
W. B., 1946; Stump, R. S., 1944b, 1944c; Sverdrup,
H. U., 1937-1938, 1938a, 1938c, 1939b, 1939c, 1940b,
1944a, 1947; Sverdrup, H. U. and Munk, W. H.,
1947; Sverdrup, H. U. and Staff, 194l, 1942b,
1944b, 1946; Tanner, Z. L., l892a, 1893, 1894;
Thomson, A., 1934; Thompson, W. 0., 1937; Thorade,
H., 1909, 1914; Tibby,R. B., 1939, 1943; Tilden,
C. A., 1925; Todd, D. K. and Wiegel, R. L., 1951,
1952; Toit, A. L., du, 1940; Topp, E. P., 1929;
Tower, M. L., 1910; Trask, P. D., 1924, 1931b,
1934, 1939, 1952b; Twenhofel, W. H., 1943; Udden,
J. A., 1914; Ufford, C. W., 1947a; U. S. Army
Air Weather Service, 1945; U. S. Commission of
Fish and Fisheries, 1898; U. S. Hydrographic
Office, 1875, 1934b; Van Dorn, W. G., 1953;
Vaughan, T. W., 1932c, 1934, 1940; Whittemore,

G. F., 1928; Wiegel, R. L. and Kimberley, H. L.,
1950; Wyman, R. H., 1878; Yale, C. G., 1879;
Yates, L. G., 1890c

Wind Erosion - see Wind. Transport

Wind Transport, Erosion, Deflation (See also: Coastal Sand
Dune Movement): Beach Erosion Board, 1953c;
Blake, J., 1868a; Bowers, S., 1878; Bremner,
C. St. J., 1933; Cambell, M. R., 1915; Congress-
ional Documents, 1953b; Dawson, E. Y., 1951;
Eaton, R. 0., 1951; Emery, K. 0., 1951; Emery,
K. 0. and Foster, J. F. , 1943; Gilbert, G. K.,
1917; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Grant, U. S. and
Shepard, F. P., 1938b; Gulliver, F. P., 1896;
Handin, J. W. and Ludwick, J. C., 1949; Harts,
W. W., 1901; Inman, D. L., 1949; Kuenen, Ph. H.
and Menard, H. W., 1952; Lawaon, J. S., 1862;
Ludwick, J. C, Jr., 1950; Mason', M. A., 1950b;
Merriam, P. D. , 1949; Nicholson, G. F., Grant,
U. S., Shepard, F. P. and Crowell, J. C, 1946;
Norris, R. M., 1952; O'Brien, M. P., 1936a;
Olsson-Seffer, P., 1908; Page, G. B., 1950;
Purer, E. A., 1942; Revelle, R. and Shepard, F. P.,

1939b; Richardson, R. W. , 1923; Shepard, F. P.,
1937f, 1951b; Shepard, F. P. and Emery, K. 0.,
1941; Shuler, W. R., 1952; Smith, W. D. , 1933b,
1933c; Somers, P., 1952; Thompson, W. 0., 1937;
Trask, P. D., 1924, 1950; Twenhofel, W. H., 1946;
Vaughan, T. W. , 1940; Vickery, F. P., 1927a;
White, D., 1911; Yates, L. G., 1892
Winnowing of Sediment, Selective Transportation (See also:
By-passing of Sediment, Non-deposition): Emery,
K. 0., 1948; Gorsline, D. S., 1954; Holzman, J.
E., 1950; Krumbein, W. C, 1947, 1950; Ludwick,
J. C, Jr., 1950; Olsson-Seffer, P., 1910a;
Shepard, F. P., 1949b; Stevenson, R. E., 1954;
Trask, P. D., 1952b; Uchupi, E., 1954; Udden,
J. A., 1914

X-Ray of sediments etc.: Dietz, R. S., 1938; Dietz, R.
S., Emery, K. 0. and Shepard, F. P., 1942;
Emery, K. 0. and Dietz, R. S. , 1950; Galliher,
E. W., 1937; Grim, R. E., Dietz, R. S. and
Bradley, W. F. , 1949; Lowenstam, H. A., 1954;
Revelle, R., 1935, 1937b; Vaughan, T. W., 1933

Yellow Mud (see also: Terrigenous Sediments): Belknap,
G. E., l874a; Crooke, R. C, Elvitsky, A. W.,
et al, 1953 (yellow sand); Davidson, G. , 1897;
Fox, D. L., Updegraff, D. M. and Novelli, G. D.,
1944; Hoover-Young San Francisco Bay Bridge
Commission, 1930; Richardson, R. w. , 1923

Yellow Water - see Red Water

Zinc: Revelle, R., 1935; Severy, H. W., 1923; Thompson,
T. G. and Robinson, R. J., 1932; Trask, P. D. ,
1939; Vaughan, T. W. , 1933; ZoBell, C. E.,
1939, 1941, 1942b

Zirconium {See also: Beach Placers, Black Sands, Mineralogy):
Goldberg, E. D., 1954; Lowenstam, H. A., 1954;
Revelle, R. and Emery, K. 0., 1951

Zooplankton (See also: Copepods, Plankton): Ahlstrom, E.
H., 1950; California Academy of Sciences, Calif-
ornia Division of Fish and Game, Scripps Institu-
tion of Oceanography, U. S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, 1950; Coe, W. R., 1945, 1947, 1948;
Dawson, E. Y., 1951; Dietz, R. S., 1948; Esterly,
C. 0., 1928a; Ewing, G. C, 1950c; Fleming, R.
H., 1939a, 1939b; Harvey, D. R., 1928; Johnson,
M. W., 1942, 1948; Mason, E. H., 1930; Myers,
E. H., 1942; Russell, F. S., 1934; Sverdrup, H.
U., 1938c, 1939a, 1940e, 1940f; Tibby, R. B., 1939;
Tilden, C. A., 1925; Trask, P. D., 1939; Tucker,
G. H., 1951; Vaughan, T. W., 1935b, 1936; ZoBell,
C. E., 1947c.

OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND SOURCE MATERIAL

A. IMPORTANT BOOKS ON MARINE GEOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY

A few of the most important books on marine geology
and oceanography are listed below. Additional books can be
i f ound by checking Hedgpeth's bibliography (cited below) where
i more than 500 books on all phases of marine geology, oceano-
graphy, and marine biology are listed.

The books by Shepard; Sverdrup; and Sverdrup, Johnson,
and Fleming, are very important for those who are particular-
ly interested in the California region.

Bigelow, H. B., and Edmondson, W. T. , 19^7, Wind waves at
sea, breakers and surf: U. S. Hydrographic Office,
Pub. 602, xii, 177 p., 57 figs., 2k pis.

Cornish, V., 193^> Ocean waves and kindred geophysical pheno-
mena. Additional notes by Harold Jeffreys: Cambridge,
Univ. Press, xv, l6k p., 26 pis.

Harvey, H. W. , 19^5, Recent advances in the chemistry and
biology of sea water: Cambridge, Univ. Press, 164 p.,
vii, 29 figs.

Kuenen, Ph. H., 1950, Marine geology: New York, John Wiley
and Sons, x, 568 p., 2W> figs., 2 charts.

National Research Council, 1932, Physics of the earth - V.
Oceanography. Prepared under the auspices of the sub-
sidiary committee on oceanography: Wash., Natl. Re-
search Council Bull. 85, v, 581 p., illus.

Proudman, A. J., 1953, Dynamical oceanography:
John Wiley and Sons, **f09 p.

New York,

Revelle, R., 19Mt-, I. Marine bottom samples collected in the
Pacific Ocean by the Carnegie on its Seventh Cruise, in
Scientific results of Cruise VII of the Carnegie during
1928-1929 under command of Captain J. P. Ault, Oceano-
graphy - II, Carnegie Inst. Wash. pub. 556, l80 p. incl.
13 pis., 10 charts, 1*5 figs.

Shepard, F. P.
and Bros.

19WS, Submarine geology: New York, Harper
xvi, 3k8 p., 100 figs., 1 chart.

Sverdrup, H. U., 19^2, Oceanography for meteorologists: New
York, Prentice -Hall, Inc., 2k6 p.

Sverdrup, H. U., Johnson, M. W., and Fleming, R. H., 19^2,
The oceans. Their physics, chemistry and general bio-
logy: New York, Prentice -Hall, Inc., x, IO87 p., 265
figs., 7 charts.

B. OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND GENERAL REFERENCES

The following section lists: a) other bibliographies,
b) references of general interest, c) references on the early
history of discovery and exploration along the Pacific coast
of the United States, and d) periodicals having a large num-
ber of references on oceanography and related subjects.

The purpose of this section is to aid the user in loca-
ting additional references on oceanography, marine geology
and related topics.

Adams, K. T., 19k6 , Hydrographic manual: U. S. Coast and
Geod. Survey, special pub. II43, Revised 19^2, 9U0 p.,
corrected and reprinted 191*6. Very good reference on
methods of making hydrographic surveys, currents, tides,
soundings, submarine topography, instrumentation, navi-
gation, sound etc.

Allen, J. E., 19^7, Bibliography of the geology and mineral
resources of Oregon (supplement), July 1, 1936 to
December 31, 19^5: Compiled by J. E. Allen, geologist
with contributions by E. Kinsley, H. Quasdorf, and R.
C. Treasher; Oregon Dept. Geology and Min. Indus. Bull.
33, 108. p.

Allen, R. H., and Ifft, J. D. , I9U.3, Early naturalists in
the far west: Calif. Acad. Sci., Occ. Paper 20, 59 p.
Selected bibliography on early exploration up to about
I85O. Concerns primarily botany and zoology.

American Geophysical Union Transactions. This, and the
following two journals, contain numerous references
on oceanography and marine geology.

Annalen der Hydrographie und Maritimen Meteorology

Archiv fur Hydrobiologie.

Ayers, J. C., 1951, A preliminary report upon the state of
our knowledge of the waters in and around New York
Harbor: Cornell Univ. prog, rept., June 1, 8 p.,
diagrams. Bibliography of 750 references including
references on: Geology, botany and oceanography of
the area.

Baughman, J. L., 19^+8, An annotated bibliography of oysters
with pertinent material on mussels and other shellfish
and an appendix on pollution: Texas Agr. and Mechanical
Research Foundation, 79k p.

Brooks, C. E. P., 1950, Selected annotated bibliography on

climatic changes: Meteorol. Abstracts and Bibliography,
Am. Meteorol. Soc, v. 1, no. 7, p. kkG-kTj.

Brown, R. E., 19^2, Some manganese deposits in the southern
Oregon coastal region: Oregon Dept. Geol. and Mineral
Indus. G. M. I. Short Paper 9, 6 p., 2 figs., map. *

California Department of Public Works, 1952, Ground water
basins in California: Calif. Div. Water Res., Water
Quality Inv. Rept. no. 3, kk p., 3 pis. Includes
selected bibliography of published and unpublished
material.

California Division of Mines, 19^5, Consolidated index of
publications of the Division of Mines and predecessor
State Mining Bureau, 188O-I9U3 inclusive: Calif. Div.
Mines Bull. 131, 872 p., xxi.

California Institute of Technology, Selsmological Laboratory,
1950, Bibliography on microseism: Quarterly progress
rept. no. 9, TIP UI6976, Nov. 8, 3 p., 12 references.

California Water Pollution Control Board, 1952, Water quality
criteria: Sacramento, SWPCB no. 3, 512 p., incl. app.,
tables, figs. Extensive bibliography on pollution.

Canada Dominion Observatory, Bibliography of seismology:

Canada Dominion Observatory Pub., Ottawa, Canada. This
is a current bibliography containing references on
earthquakes throughout the world. The first few hundred
references were printed in the Seismol. Soc. America
Bull., in volumes 17-19 (1927-1929), these and all
subsequent references are listed in the Canadian biblio-
graphy. Epicenters for the United States can be found
in the United States Coast and Geod. Survey publications.
Other epicenters can be found in "Selsmological Notes"
in Seismol. Soc. America Bull., and in(a few of the more
recent issues of the Am. Geophys. Union Trans.

Centre de recherches et d 'etudes oceanographiques, Paris.
Circulalres, ser. B., Renseignements techniques et
bibliographiques, 1, I9I+9-.

Chapin, E. L., Jr., 1950, A selected cartobibliography of

southern California: M. A. thesis, Univ. Calif., Lob

Angeles, 2 volumes, 14-51 p., pis.
Chapin, E. L., Jr., 1953, Selected bibliography of southern

California maps: Berkeley and Los Angeles, Univ. Calif.

Press., 136 p.

Cobb, G. C.j 19^3, Bibliography of the interpretation of

aerial photographs and recent bibliographies on aerial
photography and related subjects: Geol. Soc. America
Bull., v. 5U, p. 1195-121O.

Collins, Elizabeth, Subject Guide, an annotated bibliography
on geology and mineral resources kept current in typed
form. ' This reference service began in 19l*7, includes
many entries on marine geology and tidelands petroleum
development, and is available for consultation in
offices of the California Division of Mines.

(127)

128

Special Report 44

Crooke, R. C., et al., 1953> Inshore survey, San Francisco1
Bay: Literature survey: Univ. Calif., Berkeley,
Inst. eng. research, waves research lab.; tech. rept.
aer. 57, issue 1, approx. 370 p., incl. illus.
Bibliography and resume of each of the general topics
covered in marine geology and oceanography.

Cuellar, M. P., 1953, Annotated bibliography on tsunamis:
U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board,
Tech. Memo. 30, 69 p.

Cushman, J. A., 1932, A bibliography of American Foraminif era :
Cushman Foram. Lab. Research, special pub. 3> kO p.

Davidson, G., 1887, An examination of some of the early

voyages of discovery and exploration on the northwest
coast of America from 1539 to l603: Rept. U. S. Coast
Survey 1886, app. 7, p. 155-253. This and the following
references of Davidson concern early history and discov-
ery of Pacific Coast.

Davidson, G., 1891, The discovery of Humboldt Bay: Geog.
Soc. Pacific Trans, and Proc, v. 2, no. 1, p. l-l6,
5 pis . ( charts ) .

Davidson, G., 1892, The discovery of San Diego Bay: Geog.
Soc. Pacific Trans, and Proc, v. 3, P- 37-^7- Also
see U. S. Coast Survey Rept. 1886 (1887), p. 155-253.

Davidson, G. , 1907, The discovery of San Francisco Bay, the
rediscovery of the port of Monterey, the establishment
of the Presidio, and the founding of the Mission of San
Francisco: Geog. Soc. Pacific Trans, and Proc, v. k,
aer. 2, p. 1-153.

Davidson, G. , 1908, Francis Drake on the northwest coast of
America in the year 1579- The Golden Hinde did not
anchor in the Bay of San Francisco: Geog. Soc Pacific
Trans, and Proc, v. 5, aer. 2, p. 1-11^.

Davidson, G. , 1910, The origin and meaning of the name Calif-
ornia: Geog. Soc. Pacific Trans, and Proc, aer. 2,
v. 6, pt. 1, p. 1-50.

Daw8on, E. Y. , 19^5, An annotated liat of the marine algae
and marine grasses of San Diego County, California:
San Diego Soc. Nat. History, occ paper 7.

DeGolyer, E., and Vance, H., 19M, Bibliography on the petro-
leum induatry: Texas Agr. and Mechanical College Bull.
83, 729 P.

Dixon, D. E., 1926, Bibliography of the geology of Oregon:
Oregon Univ. College Pub., v. 1, p. 1-125.

Doyle, J. T., 1889, The bay of San Francisco: Am. Antiquarium
Soc Proc, new. aer., v. 6, p. 78-83, 1 pi. Early
history.

Edmondson, C. H., 19**6, Ecology of marine invertebrate fauna
of the Pacific: Natl. Research Council, Div. Geology
and Geography, Rept. Comm. on Marine Ecology as Related
to Paleontology, 1945-191+6, no. 6, p. 1+9-64. Excellent
annotated bibliography on invertebrates.

Emery, K. 0., 1950, An international directory of oceanograph-
ers: Pub. by the Allan Hancock Foundation, Univ. of
Southern Calif., Los Angeles, Calif., IV, 5k p. Lists
name, address and major field of interest of oceanographers
of the world (Revision in press).

Fairbridge, R. W. , 1947, Coarse aedimenta on the edge of the
continental shelf: Am. Jour. Sic, v. 245, p. 146-153.
See bibliography at the end of paper for references
on the aubject»

Geyer, R. A., 19*»8, Annotated bibliography of marine geophy-
aical and geological aurveys: Geol. Soc America Bull.,
v. 59, P. 671-696.

Geyer, R. A., 1950, A bibliography on the Gulf of Mexico:
Texaa Jour. Sci., v. 2, no. 1, p. 1+4-93.

Geyer, R. A., undated, Bibliography of oceanography, marine
biology, geology, geophyaica and meteorology of the Gulf
of Mexico: Humble Oil and Refining Co., iv, 54 p.

Goldberg, E. D., undated, Bibliography and chemical methods
of analyais of the trace elements in sea water: Scripps
Inat. Oceanography, unpdg. Conaiata of mimeographed
sheeta on which each trace element ia given geographi-
cally,. Abundance, chemical methoda of analyaie, and a
list of pertinent references. The following elements
are included in the bibliography: Li, B, F, Al, Sm, Ti,

V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Aa, Se, Pb, Rb,

Sr, Y, Mo, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Hg, Bi, Rn, Ra, Th, U. j

Gould, H. R., undated, An annotated bibliography on the geolo- I
by of phosphates: Unpub. rept. on file at the Sedimenta- ,
tion Lab., Allan Hancock Foundation, Univ. Southern
Calif., 1+3 p., 133 reference, many on marine phosphates.

Great Britain Hydrographic Office, 1926, 1927, Catalogue of
Admiralty charts and other hydrographic pubs., London,
2 v., maps. May be later similar lists.

Grier, M. C, 19^1, Oceanography of the North Pacific Ocear,
Bering Sea and Bering Strait; a contribution toward a
bibliography: Univ. Wash. Pub. Library Ser., Univ. Wash.
Press, v. 2, 290 p.

Grier, M, C, 1952, References on the physical oceanography
of the weatern Pacific Ocean: U. S. Navy Hydrog. Office
Pub. 238, 174 p.

Haferkorn, H. E., 1929, Sand movement, beaches, and kindered
subjects, a bibliography: Engineering School Library,
Office of Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, Fort Humphreys, 1
Va., 114 p. 1101 references. Includes references on
general works, sand movement, beaches, bars, bays, coast
changes, currents, erosion, estuaries, shorelines, tides
and waves.

Haferkorn, H. E., 1932, Breakwaters. A bibliography of books,
papers of aocieties and articles in periodicals on the
subject, together with an index to subjects, topics,
persons, and places: Eng. School Library, Army War
College, Wash., 86 p., xiv. 503 references.

Harlow, N., 1950, Maps of San Francisco Bay from the Spanish
discovery in 1769 to the American occupation: San Fran-
cisco, The Book Club of California, xii, 140 p., Grabborn I
Press. Extensive bibliography and historical account.

Hedgpeth, J. W. , 1953, A preliminary bibliography of books
on the aeaahore, oceanography and related aubjecta:
Scripps Inst. Oceanography, SI0 ref. 53-13, 69 p., 550
references .

Hodge, E. T., 1932, Progress in Oregon geology since 1925:
Northwest Sci., v. 6, no. 2, 44-53 (bibliography).

Hodge, E. T., 1936, Bibliography of Oregon geology: Geol.
Soc. Oregon Country News Letter, v, 2, no. 6, p. 1-21.

Howell, J. V., and Levorsen, A. I , 19'*6, Directory of geolo-
gical material in North America: Am. Assoc Petroleum
Geologists Bull., v. 30, pt. II, 112 p. Lists name and
addresses of sources of information needed by geologists: I
maps, well data, aerial photographs, geologic publications 1
books, reports, descriptions, special services, basic
data.

International Council for the Study of the Sea. Each issue
of this journal carries a current bibliography.

International Geodetic and Geophysical Union, 1929-1939,
Bibliographies on tides: Assoc d'Oceanographie de
L'Union Ge'odealque et Geophysique Internat. The biblio-
graphies were published as follows: Proudman, J., 1929,
Bibliographie des Marees (1910-1927), Bull. no. 12, 27
p.; 1931, Tidal bibliography, Bull. no. 17, lh p.,' 1932,
Tidal bibliography (third installment): sci. pub. 2;
1936, Bibliography on tidea and certain kindered matters
(fourth installment): sci. pub. 3; 1939, Bibliography
on tides and certain kindered matters (fifth installment),
■ci. pub. 6.

Isaacs, J. D., and Iselin, C. 0 'D. , editors, 1951*, Oceanographici
instrumentation. A conference held at Rancho Sante Fe,
California, 21-23 June, 1952 under the sponsorship of
the Office of Naval Research: Pub. 309, Natl. Acad. Sci-
ences - Natl. Research Council, 233 P-, illus. Sumposium
of 12 articles and discussions on oceanographic instru-
mentation.

Jepson, W. L., 1893, Early scientific expeditions to California:
Erythea, v. 1, no. 9, p. 185-190; v. 7 (l899), no. 11,
p. 129-13!+.

Keen, A. M., 1937, An abridged check liat and bibliography of
weat North American marine Molusca: Stanford Univ. Presa
87 P.

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

129

Kemler, E. N. , undated, Bibliography on: Offshore petroleum
developments: Houston Southwest Research Inst., Div.
Oceanography and Mete or ol., pub. 1.

Kindle, E. M., and Edwards, E. M., 1924, Literature of ripple
marks: Pan Am. Geologist, v. 4l, p. 191-203.

Kohl, J. G., 1885, History of discovery and exploration on
the coasts of the United States: Rept. U. S. Coast
Survey 1881+, app. 19, p. 1+93-617.

«

Kramer, H. P., 1950, Selected annotated bibliography on

evaporation: Meterol. Abstracts and Bibliography, Am.
Meteorol. Soc, v. 1, no. 11, p. 733-762. Also lists
several other bibliographies on evaporation.

Laclavere, G. and Tardi, P., 1954, International bibliography
of geodesy (Bibliographie GSodesique Internationale):
London, Butterworths Sci. Pubs., v. 6, covering the
years 1946-1948, xxiv, 293 p. Other bibliographies by
this group have been published starting with volume 1
(1928-1930), tc volume 7 (19U9-I951) which will be pub-
lished in 1954.

Ladd, H. S., and Others, Report of the committee on a treatise
on marine ecology and paleontology, for various years
published by the Div. Geology and Geography of the Natl.
Research Council. Contains excellent bibliographies on
marine flora and fauna.

Lee, C. Cm, 1937, Salinity: A bibliography of books, periodi-
cals, and society publications appearing from 181+5 to
date: U. S. waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,
Miss., March, 12 p., 70 references, supplement 1942,
1+ p. 26 references.

Lee, C. C, 1946, Waves and wave action: P. 0. Box 80,

Vicksburg, Miss., Nov. 23, privately printed, supplement
no. 1, 33 P- Bibliography on the subject.

Lohman, K. E., 19^1, Ecology of diatoms: Natl. Research
Council, Div. Geology and Geography, Rept. Subcomm.
on the Ecology of Marine Organisms, no. 1, p. 27-31-
Reprinted July 19!+!+. Annotated bibliography of papers
that contain ecological data.

London Science Museum, 1937, Coastal erosion protection,

drainage and allied topics, 1931 to date: south Ken-
sington, London, England, Sci. Mus., Sci. Library
Bibliographic ser. no. 336, 7 p., mimeo. Bibliography
on the above mentioned subjects.

Lorens, P. J., and Richter, R. C., 1954, Bibliography and map
index of unpublished geologic mapping and reports in
California. January, 1937 to January 1954: Calif. Dept.
Public Works, Div. Water Res., ii, 51 P- + map. Mimeo.
rept., limit distribution, references on geology ground
water, paleontology and stratigraphy^ and sediment studies.

MacDonald, R. M. E., 1921, An alalytical subject bibliography
of the publications of the Bureau of Fisheries, 1871-1920.
App. v, Rept. 1920, 306 p., Bur. Fisheries Doc. 899.

Michigan University, Lake Hydraulics Laboratory, 1950, Biblio-
graphy on beach erosion and related subjects: Research
pub. 1, 86 p., March 1. Contains approximately 700
references on beach erosion, ripple marks, sand and sand
movement, shore protection, and engineering aspects
of beach problems . Annotations are given for about 150
references.

Moats, R. W., 194l?, Wind erosion and sand dune control - A
selected list of references: Soil Conservation of the
U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Soil Conservation Bibliography
no. 1, 66 p., mimeo. Summaries and indexes of 443
domestic and foreign publications and articles on the
subject, many of them dealing exclusively with shore
protection aspects of the problem.

Notomi, R. S., 1947, Glossary of Japanese terms used in hydro-
graphy and physical oceanography: Woods Hole Oceano-
graphic Inst., tech. rept. no. 1, 132 p.

Riihl, A., 1906, Beitrage ziir kenntnis der morphologoschen
Wirksamkeit der Meerestromungen: Berlin, Univ. Inst,
fur Merreskunde, Veroff., H. 8, 44 p., paper no. 5 in

v. l6, 187O -1912 of papers on hydrography,
references on oceanography.

Has many

Russell, R. D., and Taylor, R. E., 1937, Bibliography on
roundness and shape of sedimentary particles: Natl.
Research Council Ann. Rept. 1936-37, app. !•, Rept.
Comm. Sedimentation, p. 65-79, app. by F. P. Pettijohn,
ibid, 1937, p. 80.

Shedd, S., 1933, Bibliography of the geology and mineral
resources of California to December 31, 1930: Calif.
Div. Mines Bull. 104, xii, p. 25-376.

Shedd, S., 1937, Bbiliography of the geology and mineral

resources of California for the years 1931-1936 inclu-
sive (Supplementing the master bibliography, Bull. 104) :
Calif. Div. Mines Bull. 115, xiv, 125 p.

Shedd, S., 1939, Bibliography of the geology and mineral

resources of California for the year 1937 (Supplementing
Bull. 104 and 115): Calif. Div. Mines, Jour. Mines and
Geology, v. 35, no. 3, p. 275-307.

Spencer, W. W., 1905, Bibliography of submarine valleys off
North America: Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., v. 19,
p. 31<-l-344.

Stanford, California, School of Mineral Science, Stanford

Grotto, Natl. Speleological Soc. Bibliography and reports
ha ye numerous references on sea caves, especially off
the California coast.

Stetson, H. C, 1938, Report of the committee on sedimentation,
1937-38; exhibit c, papers dealing with sedimentation
since 1933: Natl. Research Council Ann. Rept. 1937-38,
p. 31-36.

Stuntz, S. C., and Free, E. E., 1911, Bibliography of eolian
geology: U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Bur. Soils, Bull.
68, p. 174-263.

Todd, D. K., 1952, An abstract of literature pertaining to
sea water intrusion and its control: Univ. Calif.,
Richmond, Calif., Sanitary eng. research project, 72 p.
Divided into five parts as follows: I. Reduction of
aquafer permeability, II. Sea water intrusion, III.
Injection and recharge aquafers, IV. Laboratory and
model studies, V. Ground water flow.

Trask, P. D. and Others, 1933-1939, Report of the committee
on sedimentation 1935-36: Natl. Research Council Ann.
Rept. 1935-36, app. 1, 1+7 p. (1936; 1936-37, app. 1,
128 p. (1937); 1937-38, app. A., lll+ p., with exhibits
A to F, (1938), reprinted 1939; Exhibit D, Bibliography
relating to organic content of sediments, p. 37-4-3 (1938);
Exhibit E, unpxib. theses in American colleges and uni-
versities on sedimentation, p. 1+4-105 (1938); 1938-39,
app. B., 102 p. (1939).

Treasher, R. C., and Hodge, E. T., 1936, Bibliography of the
geology and mineral resources of Oregon with digests and
index to July 1, 1936: Portland, Oregon, Oregon State
Planning Board, 224 p.

U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, current tables Pacific Coast
of North America etc. The U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey periodically publishes a guide to the currents
along this and other coast lines.

U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, U. S. Coast Pilot, Pacific
Coast, California, Oregon and Washington: These reports
give a considerable amount of information on oceanographic
and submarine geological data. The various coasts and
islands are also described. Some of the very early Coast
Pilots contain all the information known about our coast
lines at that time.

U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Key map and index diagrams
showing the limits of hydrographic surveys along the
Pacific Coast, prepared by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic
Survey, Wash., D. C. Index sheets show location of the
surveys made along the pacific Coast of the U. S. from
1851 to date. Each loose leaf, generally covering a span
of years, show the survey course, date- of survey, field
sheet number, and the scale used.

U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950, Annotated bibliography
on sedimentation, compiled under the auspices of the sub-
committee of sedimentation, federal inter-agency River

130

Special Report 44

Basin Committee, and prepared under the supervision of
the Soil Conservation Service, U. S. Dept. Agriculture,
Sedimentation Bull. 2, 351 p.

U. S. Department of Defense, 1953, Arctic bibliography:
Prepared for and in cooperation with the Department
of Defense, under direction of North America Arctic
Inst., Gov't. Printing Office, Wash., D. C, ^ v.

U. S. Hydrographic Office, Index-catalogue of nautical charts
and publications: U. S. Navy Hydrog. Office Pub. 1-N.

U. S. Hydrographic Office, 19^9, Preliminary bibliography

of the North Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediteranean
Sea: U. S. Navy Hydrog. Office, H. 0. 15, 180, 15 p.

U. S. Naval Photographic Interpretation Center, 1951, Ant-
arctic bibliography: U. S. Navy, Bur. Aeronautics,
Gov't. Printing Office, Wash. , D. C, NAVAER 10-35-591,
1^7 p., charts. Includes approx. 5,500 references on:
Biological sciences, geophysical sciences (geology
paleontology, floating ice, meteorology), geographic
sciences (geography, oceanography, hydrography, charts
etc.), geographic exploration and many other subjects.

U. S. Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi,
195^, Bibliography on tidal hydraulics, Committee on
Tidal Hydraulics: 201 p.

Wagner, H. R., 1926, Sir Francis Drake's voyage arround the
world: Its aims and achievements: San Francisco,
John Howell, 5U3 p., illus. Early history of the
Pacific Coast.

Wagner, H. R., 1929, Spanish voyages to the northwest coast
of America in the sixteenth century: San Francisco,
Historical Soc. special pub. h. Early history of the
Pacific Coast.

Wagner, H. R., 1937, The cartography of the northwest coast
of America to the year 188O: Berkeley, Univ. Calif.
Press, 2 v., 5*4-3 p., illus. A complete history of
exploration of the west coast of America. Lists
hundreds of references and maps.

Ward, H. A., 19^*8, The use of historical surveys in beach
erosion studies: U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers,
Beach Erosion Board Bull., v. 2, no. 3, P- 13-l6.

Washington, University of, Department of Oceanography, 1953-51*,
Puget Sound and approaches, a literature survey: v. 1,
geography, climatology, hydrology, 130 p. ♦ figs.;
v. 2, geology, geomagnetism, geodesy, hydrography,
volcanology, seismology, 118 p. t figs.: v. 3,
physical oceanography, marine biology, and general
summary, 175 P» ♦ figs.

Wexler, H., and Tepper, M., 1951, Results of the wartime
historical and normal map program: First Conf . on
Coastal Eng. Proc, Berkeley, p. 98-IOI. Gives sources
of historical weather maps .

Wiegel, R. L., 1953, Waves, tides, currents and beaches:
Glossary of terms and list of standard symbols:
Council on Wave Research, Berkeley, 113 p.

Williams, L., 1937, Classification and selected bibliography
of the surface textures of sedimentary fragments:
Natl. Research Council, Ann. Rept. 1936-37, app. I.,
Rept. Comm. Sedimentation, p. III4-128.

Woodring, W. P., 19^3, Annotated bibliography of paleonto-
logy of California Tertiary marine mollusks: Natl.
Research Council, Div. Geology and Geography, Rept.
Comm. of a Treatise on Marine Ecology and Paleontology,
no. 7, p. 5^-57.

Yoshimura, S., 193^, Bibliography of oceanographic geology
in Japan. I. (1927-1937): Jour. Oceanography,
Imperial Marine Observatory, Kobe, (in Japanese).

Yoshimurs, S., 1938, Classified list of papers and reports
bearing on oceanic geology published in Japan during
1927-1937: Geologie der Meere und Binnengewasser,
band 2, p. U51-U76.

Young, P., 1926, Bibliographic notes on ports and harbors

including lists by the Library of Congress: Am. Assoc.
Port Authorieies, New Orleans, viii, 188 p.

ZoBell, C. E., 1950, Annotated bibliography on ecology of

marine bacteria: Natl. Research Council, Div. Geology
and Geography, Rept. Comm. on a Treatise of Marine
Ecology and Paleontology, no. 10, p. 31-5^

C. OUTLINE OF ORGANIZATIONS THAT MAY HAVE UNPUBLISHED DATA,
INCLUDING A LIST OF POSSIBLE SUBJECTS

The following section is a suggested outline of poss-
ible sources of information, especially unpublished reports
and data, and include% a list of topics on which there may
be information.

Harbor Departments, City Councils, City and County
Engineering Offices

Historical

Engineering aspects of: harbor, beach erosion and its con-
trol, pollution, stream discharge including quantity
and sometimes texture of sediment discharged into har-
bors or ocean front; sometimes deep boring and probes
have been made in connection with engineering projects.

Meteorological data including: water and air temperatures,
waves, swell, currents, storms, winds etc.

Salt water intrusion.

U. S. Weather Bureau
Meteorological data including: air and sea temperatures,
winds, storms, currents, upwelling, fog etc.

U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey

Charts

Physical and chemical oceanography including: currents,

waves, underwater sound, density of sea water, tempera-
ture, salinity, tidal data including seismology and
seismic sea waves, variations in sea level, tide tables.

Hydrographic data including: soundings, submarine topography,
bottom character (i.e. type of bottom material).

U. S. Coast Pilot Guides frequently contain pertinent data.
In the early history of exploration on the West Coast
of the U. S., this was about the only source of oceano-
graphic information.

U. S. Army, Corps of Engineers
Beach erosion, its control and prevention.
Oceanographic data expecially swell, waves and currents.
Stream discharge, amount and sometimes nature of sediments
deposited in harbors and on the sea floor or beaches.
Harbor and coastal engineering.
Military oceanography.

U. S. Navy Hydrographic Office

Charts

Sailing Directions

Soundings and submarine topography

Bottom sediment charts

Oceanographic data including: waves, currents, swell, den-
sity, temperature, salinity, underwater sound etc.

Meteorological data including: winds, storms, air and sea
temperature .

California Division of Mines

Most reports on the California Division of Mines concern the
geology and mineral resources of the State, however,
there are a few scattered reports on beaches, islands,
petroleum, physiography of the coastal area, including
terraces.

California Division of Water Resources
Geology

Salt water intrusion
Pollution

California Water Pollution Control Board
Pollution primarily in harbors and in streams.
Physical and chemical oceanography (mostly in harbors).

California Division of Beaches and Parks
Beaches, especially legal and recreation

City and County Sewage Disposal Plants
(Department of Sanitary Engineering)
Pollution
Engineering

Physical and chemical oceanography including waves, currents,
turbidity etc.

Bibliography of Marine Geology and Oceanography, California Coast

131

California Department of Fish and Game
I The Sardine Research Program being carried out by the Calif-
ornia Department of Fish and Game and others have made
many detailed oceanographic cruises off the coast of
California and Baja California. Their reports include
biology, physical and chemical oceanography. In addi-
tion, they have made studies of the influence of seismic
surveys on fish mortality.

Local Libraries
Local libraries generally contain more reports and books of
the area than will more distant ones. They frequently
have copies of local reports and reports of limited
distribution on harbors, and other coastal projects.
Historical books, documents, and letters are often a
source of information which are frequently overlooked
by most scientists. Books and documents often give an
insight into early conditions, characteristics of the
shoreline, stream drainage including former location of
streams, great storms, floods, tsunamis, earthquakes,
old maps, charts, oil seeps etc. Ship logs and expedi-
tion reports likewise contain information of interest.
Newspaper clippings sometimes have interesting informa-
tion.

Marine Engineering Consultants and Companies
Consultants and private companies carrying out marine work
may have useful information including borings, beach
and harbor engineering.

Oil Companies
Many of the California oil companies undoubtedly have a host of
information of the offshore region of California, primarily
as a result of the recent tideland decision. Unfortunately,
most of their data are restricted to company personnel and
as a result generally are not available to research workers.
Under certain circumstances, however, the oil companies
have been known to release some data to outside personnel.

Universities and Colleges
Universities and colleges frequently have financial support
by the government or other organizations and as a result
have a considerable amount of data. They also have a
large amount of unpublished reports, or papers in pre-
paration for publication by the faculty and students.
For example, the Sedimentation Laboratory of the Allan
Hancock Foundation of the University of Southern Calif-
ornia has several hundred research and seminar reports
on marine geology, oceanography, sedimentation, and
ground water.
Five universities carrying out marine research on the Pacific
Coast are:

Allan Hancock Foundation of the University of South-
ern California

Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University
Scripps Institution of Oceanography of the University
of California

University of California, Berkeley
University of Washington

printed in California state printing office

17301 5-55 2.500

gggjSBaiB

Polen Pass

EXPLANATION

V

' i]J!1

-J,

. \ v— :

-rx

'JJiVi

ii S3

I

*

.ili;)-'i: Hk=*

KlSw

»

4WM\^ fail 'ir;^.'-^-u-

. i»l ■-.

h'MV, ii1

Ifji jl

iSi

MU!1

i

■**-

owing

dolled
beormc

lull; dolled where concealed
and plunge ol grooves,

pltirown side, D.downlhrown s
ce of omol plane and bearini

snowing iroce of axial plone,
bs, and bearing ond plunge

sliiffi

y

nPS

Miffiffi

lili

ii-\fi

:' I H

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ilii

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11

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HViJ,,1!111!

GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE

I PALEN MOUNTAINS GYPSUM DEPOSIT

RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

by Richard A Hoppin, 1950

I '/I

l,|lll,l|H

SggjJNg, CHIEF

GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE WESTERN PART OF THE
SILVER LAKE TALC AREA

SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

EXPLANATION

Daclte porphyry

Z~]

Granitic dike rocks, pegmatite.
&\* • V-:--*^*1 aplite, and granite, undivided

Microcline silexzte; locally
grades into other granitic rocks
and mica schist

Tonalite unit and mLcrocUne-
ouartz-mica gneiss, undivided

Granitic phase of tonalite unit:
shows pronounced planar structure

V'«*'l

ialc schist and tremdlite rock,
undivided

Quartzite member

Forsterite marble, member

Quartz-muscovite schist mem-
bar uiith marble layers

sch
ic

3

Qu-aj-tz-biotlte schist member,
commonly migmatitic

Horn f els member, mostlu diop-
side-feldspar-guartz-calcite rock

J

Quartzite. undivided

Mica schist, undivided

Morn/els. undivided.

Geologic boundary, dashed
u/here approximate

FaJJ.lt, dashed u/here approximate
Sk5

. ___• metasedimentary rocks, is
parallel with bedding

Rim of pit or open, cut

a
Shaft

O SO IOO 200 SOO <

Scale

Happed by Lauren A.Wright
/947-S2

/

EXPLAHA TlOtf

Pump material

Alluvium., talus, and artiiicial

Pepmathte

/ftcrodtne silexite

Tonalite unit

Saszc diAe rocA

Thlc (left) and part ti/ talcose
r-ocfts fright J

Quart z-i>ioti£e schist

Diopside -feldspar horn/els

Geologic Jboundart/. dashed.

where approximate, commonly
a r'^uct contact

Pirn of pit or open cu

Mapped it/ Lauren A X/ripht
Z947-52

W

GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE NUMBER 4 DEPOSITS , SILVER LAKE TALC AREA

SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

GOULD WORKINGS

W^'

GEOLOGIC MAPS OF THE

SILVER LAKE TALC MINE

GOULD AND ADDENDA WORKINGS

SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY
CALIFORNIA

SCALE 50

ADDENDA EXTENSION

: sch\

\

Gronilic
Pegmoti.

Contoct

Foholion

Top Bottom

ADDENDA WORKINGS

Geology by L.A Wright, 1953

DIVISION OF MINES
QLAF P. JENKINS, CHIEF

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

NORTHERN WORKI NGS

SOUTHE RN WORK IN GS

Contour inlervol 5 feet
Datum is approximate sea level

EXPLANATION

SURFACE MAP

Topography and geology by Cordell Durrell and A. C.Daley, Decmber 1944

SECTION A-A

rvol 20 feet
rmote sea level

Ool

Alluv

urn

;::::.:;f

Silicic

tuff

Metamorphosed clastic sediments,

tuff and silicic volconics;

c, chert; Is, limestone

Metamorphosed basic volcanics;
s, dark schists and slates

Slate with some quartzite
and silicic tuff

Contact (Dashed where
approximately locoted)

Indefinite contoct

Fault, showing dip
(Dashed where approximately located)

Fault, showing relative movement
(Shown only on sections)

Strike and dip of beds

Barite veins, showing dip

and thickness in feet

(Dashed where approximately located)

Prospect pit or open cut
(Dashed where underground)

BALL BARITE DEPOSIT, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

BARIUM QUEEN MINE AND VICINITY, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

HANSEN .BARITE MINE
SURFACE MAP

UNDERGROUND MAP

SECTION M

SECTION I-I

EXPLANATION

HANSEN BARITE DEPOSIT
SURFACE MAP

Volcanic breci

Red and green
ffoceous sandstones
and conglomerates

Black and arc

Contact (Dashed where
approximately locoted

Contact ot surficiol deposit

Fault, showing dip
(Dashed where approximately k

Fault, showing relative
lovement (only in sections)

Strike and dip of beds

Borite vein, showing dip
(Doshed where approximately locoted)

Vertical ban

Topogrophy onrj geology by Cordell Durrell and A. C. Daley, April 1945

Dump

<

SECTION A -A'

HANSEN BARITE DEPOSIT SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

LEAD MOUNTAIN MINE AND VICINITY, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Q

;rous gravel con

andesite detritui

_

Valley Springs formation

Auriferous stream grave!

of interbtddid itream gractt and ttntieutar rhijnliir tuff

Base map enlarged from San Andreas quadrangle
Mapped by U S. Geological Survey, 1945.

GEOLOGIC AND ECONOMIC MAP

CALAVERITAS QUADRANGLE

CALAVERAS COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

20*30'

Geology by Lorin D. Clark, 1950-52

dtrtvtd from irrptnttnt.

' oebiro and hybri

a

Calaveras formation

Inlrrbtddid black prapnttie tcAul and quart
rcplaerd by ftmgvunit chert.

Green Schist

.■Jn/pi.'i'llll'--

Dathtd where approximate!

Indefinite or inferred o

Plunge of minor fold axis

Strike and dip of beds

Strike and dip of overturned beds

Strike of vertical beds

Strike and dip of schistosity
Strike of vertical schistosity

Strike of vertical bedding and schistosity

Strike and dip of slip cleavage

Strike of vertical slip cleavage

Plunge of lineation

i plunge o:
Strike and dip of joints
Quartz veins, of Jurassic (?> a

X

Gold mine or prospect

Other mines or prospects

„! iaditaM mimrai commodity: copper, Cu,
\r«,n«.: i>. aJbtltol, a." Iron, Ft.

Limestone quarry

a

Hydraulic cut

Cuiituur Interval ;
Datum u nwon ho .

1955

EXPLANATION

Geology by J. H ef|c ond ft fl stfomqUiSt, 1946-1947

DIVISION OF MINES
OLAF P. JENKINS, CHI!

1 ■' ' *>

EXPLANATION

Tailings

I l ", . \ •"-; J $A. H. v. I- *v

.ariilsljil.' iJebr

Contact, showing dip
Dathtd wlimapprartmaUlg locate

} S

|-2 1 Mehrten formation

Is- ^,Vf'""", ■."".:;, " .-^^teiii

River (travel

W i

Concealed fault or thin'shear

High-anKlc normal fault

V. uplhnm, ,„J,, D, JeKnihrwH tub.

^~y* — -....

Overturned anticline

— J^— ...

Overturned syncline

>A..tn<:ij .1 yf'.i J i ■-!.■! I,- I.,,-, i/i. n „i (,„„ n/oxi,,) pJaBP

Strike of vertical beds

Strike and dip of beds and plunge of lineation

Strike and dip of foliation or banding

Strike of vertical foliation

Strike and dip of foliation and plunge of lineation

Strike and dip of joints

SECTION B-B'

EXPLANATION

Coiwaled contact
Fvmli or thin shear ione. showing dip

Concealed fault or thin shear a

Overturned antkline

Overturned eyneline
Shaving apprvnm-iU ;.V|„^. ,.f r™,, ,./ ojiiii plan..
■ <■! ■■■U.m>„ |1rik-,,j./ui,. (^

Strike and dip of a*i«J plane of minor fold

Strike and dip of beds

Strike of vertical rwda

Strike and dip of folded beds

Strike and dip of bed? and plunge of ImeatJon

Strike of vertical ln.-ds jr.il plunge nf Ijneulion

Strike and dip of foliation or banding

Strike of vertical foliation

Strike and dip of folded foliation

Bearing and plunge of lineation

Strike mill dip nf juints

Strike of vertical joints

M.-Ullll'Tl'lli,' l.,,,iri,|ilr>

Topographic base by Geological Survey, 1945
SE quarter of San Andreas quadrangle
enlarged from 1 62,500 to 1 24.000.

Geology by John H Eric and
Arvid A. Sffomquist. 1946-47

(B4o Sertoj)-^ (,,

«-Sw wxJer rootle
* Anoiti Cimp 0ttp ,

■Hon of placflr gold mino, ,nd pro

Gold Mlnlfg Cwp.

Tabulation of lode gold min.i and proipecti
Angoli Camp quadrangle, California

SPECIAL REPORT 41
PLATE m 4

EXPLANATION

( iinl:n'l. Iiinvitiu 'li|'

Fault or thin shear wne, showing 'lip

□

OmcwiM fault or thin ihear ■■•

Doubtful "r Pr",,!i,'!<.- f-'ult or thin slu-ar v

l-Mi-iiriKle normal fai

Overturned anticline

Overturned syncline

. .'■:;:;■:' &

Plunge Ol minor anticline

Plunge of minor syncline

Strike and dip of beds

Slrikt- .if vt.Ttieal Veils

Strike and dip of heds and plunge of lin

Strike and dipol fish.-n ■< >n . .r I minimi.'

Strike of vertical foliatio

Strike and din of foliation and plimj;.' of li

Strike iitid dip n|" imrit-

Strike of verliL'nl joints

Quartz vein, showing dip

Me(:imorphic boundary

R.13E. H I4E.

Topographic base by the Geological Survey, 1949

Phylliie, stretched conglomerate,
and related rocP ■

(Possibly in part eorrehled with
Losumnes formation)

'';"'',' '/','','"' ''*"" ■ ''':- ■'•'"■•' ' •'■>•'. Ihin-

■■"'■'.', miMr

ED

Rocks formed by hydrothermal alteratior

Tabulation of gold lode min« *nd proipKti
Scmor* Quidrmglo. California

MINES AND PROSPECTS
SONORA QUADRANGLE

CALIFORNIA

Geology by George R Heyl, Arvid A. SIromauist,
C. Melvm Swinney, and John H. Wiese, 1946-48.

1 ' '■■■■' It INTKKV M. :.r, MTT

Datum u hum w ,,. .1

1955

DIVISION OF MINES
OLAF P. JENKINS, CHIEF

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEOLOGIC AND TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF THE LIPPINCOTT MINE AREA, INYO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

DIVISION OF MINES
QLAF P. JENKINS, CHIEF

Geology and topography by J. F. McAlliste
ossisted by E. M. MocKevett 19!

SPECIAL

REPORT 42
PLATE 3

4-

EXPLAN ATION

Ksd

se

'

o

o

<r

(Plogi

Syenodionte
oclose, orth

Dcla
te)

iM

Tin M

juntoin hme

ton

(Groy limestone, in ploces t

ond coarsely recry st a Ilia

Calc -silicate zone, Ctn

leoched
ed.

o

2

Contact, approximately locoted

Fault, showing dip

(Ooshed where approximately
U, upthrown side; D, downthro

loc

3ted;
side)

^?r

Strike ond dip of beds

inclined shaft

Principal underground workings
(Dotted where under other workings)

Pit or open cut

GEOLOGIC AND TOPOGRAPHIC MAP OF THE LOST BURRO MINE AREA, INYO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

Contour interval 10 feet
is roughly 50 feet above seo level

SPECIAL REPORT

GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE TEMECULA REGION, RIVERSIDE COUNTY, CALIFORNIA

DIVISION OF MINES
OLAF P. JENKINS, CHIEF

STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Hogback

HHL2-_Qta_ _?

Tmz?

?

Tsr- — ~.

SPECIAL REPORT 43
PLATE 2

B'

STRUCTURE SECTIONS
TEMECULA REGION

Miles

Datum Is mean sea level
For location and legend see PI. I

2037 96

■

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