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UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS

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ILL. HIST. S'JKVj-Y

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of Illinois at Urbina-Oumpatgn i

This book has been digitized through the generosity of

Robert O. Blissard Class of 1957

University of Illinois Library at Urbana-Champaign

PIUTIOIg OF IIE ILLINOIS Ml BISIOIflL L1W.

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A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF

Prior to I860.

PREPARED BY

EDMUND J. JAMES, PH. D.,

Professor in the University of Chicago,

ASSISTED BY

MILO J. LOVELESS,

Graduate Student in the University of Chicago*

SPRINGFIELD, ILL.: HILLIPS BEOS., STATE PRINTERS, 1899.

LI - /

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Introduction by Edmund J. James.

List of newspapers according to place of publication, arranged alphabetically.

Appendix A— Chronological List of Missouri and Illinois Newspapers, 1808-1897, in the >St. Louis Mercantile Library.

Appendix tf— List of County Histories of Illinois, with date of publication, vj

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INTRODUCTION.

The following list of newspapers has been compiled from the vari- ous sources of information to be found in public and private libraries, ;such as state histories, county histories, occasional addresses, etc., etc.

A circular letter was also sent out to the various newspapers in the 'State, and to persons who had been connected with newspapers formerly published, asking for their cooperation in enabling us to make these data as full and accurate as possible. To those who as- sisted us, as very many did, we desire to express our cordial thanks. To those who for any reason failed to respond to our communica- tions, we can only express our sincere regret that we have not had the benefit of their information.

We are aware that many defects exist in this list. It is probable that it contains many mistakes. We can only say that we have done the very best we could under the circumstances, and have taken the greatest pains to insure the accuracy of all the information given. It could not, however, on the whole, be more accurate than the sources from which it is drawn, and anyone who has worked with county histories is aware of the frequency of errors arising from ig- norance or carelessness, which disfigure those publications.

We lay claim indeed, to having done nothing more than made a fair start at this work of compiling an accurate and full list of the newspapers published in this State, with such information in regard to the place of publication, publishers, etc., as we have been able to obtain.

It is hoped that the State Historical Library may at some no dis- tant date be enabled by the Legislature to put the work of revising this list in the hands of a competent person who will be enabled to visit the various counties in the State and obtain fuller and more ac- curate information than is possible through any personal or circular letters.

An effort has been made to indicate the places where files of the early newspapers are to be found in all cases where we have been able to obtain such information.

There must, however, be many files of the early years in the pos- .session of individuals, and possibly of associations or libraries, pri- vate and public, of which we have been able to get no trace.

6

We hereby extend an earnest request to all persons interested in this subject, and everyone interested in the early history of the State ought to be interested in it, to send to the Librarian of the State Historical Library at Springfield any corrections or additions which they are able to make regarding this list.

The newspapers of a community form one of the most valuable sources of its history, and if we could only get complete files of Illi- nois newspapers, it would be possible to write a fair history of the State from these alone.

EDMUND J. JAMES.

LIST OF NEWSPAPERS.

Abingdon, Knox Co.

Messenger, 1856-58: Published by Chambers and White and edited by 0. White.

Nonpariel. : It was published by D. H. Elliott. (See Chap- man & Co.'s History of Knox Co., p 540.)

Alton, Madison Co.

Western. Pioneer and Baptist Standard Bearer, 1829-38(?): Published at Upper Alton after 1836. Its publishers were J. M. Peck, E. Rogers and Rev. Washington Leverett. With the beginning of its second year it was known as the Western Pioneer. It was an organ of the Baptist Church. Files, 1830-38, in the Chicago His- torical Society Library. (See Rock Springs Pioneer).

Spectator, 1832-39: Published first in Upper Alton by 0. M. Adams and Edward Breath. Firm soon dissolved, and Mr. Breath con- ducted it alone and removed it to Lower Alton (now Alton) in October, 1832. Mr. J. T. Hudson, successor to Mr. Breath, edited -and published it, 1834-36; W. A. Beaty, 1836; D. Ward, 1836-37; Wm. Hessin, 1837; Mr. Hessin and Seth T. Sawyer, 1837; Mr. Hessin, 1837-38; J. Clark Virgin in December, 1838, and he soon suspended it. It was Whig in politics, giving much discussion to the banking system of the country. Files in the Chicago Histori- cal Society Library.

American, 1833: Founded by J. S. Buchanan ; devoted to the agricul- tural, mechanical and mercantile interests of Lower Alton and surrounding country; religious but not denominational. Pub- lished by Messrs. Baily and Parks and edited by Rev. T. Lippincott.

Telegraph, 1836 to 1882: Founded by R. M. Tread way and L. M. Parks. Published by Messrs. Treadway, Parks and S. G. Bailey, 1836-37; Parks and Bailey, 1837; Mr. Parks, 1837; Mr. Parks and John Bailhache, 1837; Mr. Bailhache, 1837-38. In 1838 S. R. Dolbee purchased a half interest and firm continued until 1850 when Dolbee was succeeded by Wm. H. Bailhache, son of John Bailhache. From 1852-54, Mr. E. L. Baker was one of the firm. Mr. Baker and L. A. Parks conducted it, 1854-55. In 1855 the Telegragh was merged in the Courier (which see) and so remained until the death of the Courier in 1861, when L. A. Parks, J. T. Beem and 8. V. Grossman revived the publication of the Tele-

Saph. Parks and Grossman continued its publication 1861-64; r. Parks and Thos. S. Pinckard, 1864-66; Mr. Parks, 1866; Parks and Chas. Holden, 1866-67; Parks, Holden and W. T. Norton 1867-75; Holden and Norton, 1875-80; Mr. Norton, 1880 to date 1882. Mr. John Bailhache was its editor, 1837-41, and from 1841 for several years it was edited by Geo. T. M. Davis.

Alton, Madison Co. — Continued.

It was known simply as the Telegraph until 1841, when it be- came the Alton Telegraph and Democratic Review. In 1853 it be- came the Alton Telegraph and Madison County Review, which name it retained until merged in the Courier. When the Whig party died it became a strong Republican organ. During the fall of 1836 great excitement spread over the country as a conse- quence of John Quincy Adams' contest in Congress over the right of petition. It is claimed that the Telegraph was the only paper west of Cincinnati which supported Mr. Adams in that struggle. In 1852 the Daily was begun, however, the weekly was continued. Files, 1836-50, in Chicago Historical Society Library and scattered copies are in the office and with the Alton Library Association.

Observer, 1836 : This paper was first published in St. Louis as an

organ of the Presbyterians. When Mr. E. P. Lovejoy became its editor he began vigorously and unrelentingly to assail the insti- tution of slavery through its columns. In 1836 he resolved to re- move the press and material of the Observer to Alton, Illinois. Before shipment much of the: material was destroyed and cast into the Mississippi, and the rest met the same fate when it was unloaded on the wharf at Alton. Notwithstanding these reverses, Mr. Lovejoy procured a new press and the first issue of the Alton Observer appeared, September 8, 1836. This new press, type and material were destroyed by a mob on the night of August 21,1837. The third press was ordered, and destroyed on the night of its arrival, and the fragments were cast into the river. A fourth press was ordered at once. It was shipped from Cincinnati and arrived in Alton on the night of November 6, 1837. On the night of November 7 Mr. Lovejoy was killed, his press broken up and its fragments, too, cast into the Mississippi.

With the death of Mr. Lovejoy, the Observer did not die. It was printed in Cincinnati by Elisha W. Chester and sent to Alton for distribution. Rev. T. B. Hulburt supplied local news from Alton. This arrangement was abandoned after a few years. Files are in the Chicago Historical Society Library and in the Illinois State Historical Library.

Illinois Temperance Herald. 1836-42: Monthly, edited by A. W. Corey, assisted by Timothy Turner.

Commercial Gazette, 1839-40: Published by Samuel S. Bi-oqks and John H. Pettit. It was suspended in March 1840 and revived for the campaign, after which it was again suspended for good. It was democratic in politics.

i

Sucker, 1840: Published by Parks & Beaty, and edited by "Ourselves,' who were understood to be Wm. S. and John Lincoln and Jame^j Hall. It was Whig and supported Harrison for the presidential nomination. It was merged in the Telegraph in March 1840.

Presbyterian Reporter, 1845-60 ( ?) : Only two numbers were issued the first year. Issued quarterly, 1847-50; bi-monthly 1850-54 sus- pended; revived in 1855 and issued monthly. Edited by Rev. A. S. Norton. In 1860 it was taken to Chicago.

Courier, 1852-61: Published by Geo. T. Brown, associated with him were James Gamble and John Fitch (see Banner, Carrollton). It was edited by Mr. Fitch, 1853-54. Mr. Brown was its sole editor and proprietor, 1854-60, when he sold to B. J. Hanna and S. V. Grossman. In May 1860, Benjamin Teasdale and B. F. Webster obtained an interest. Mr. Webster retired in Dec. 1860 and its pub- lication was abandoned in January 1861 (See Alton Telegraph). In

Alton, Madison Co. — Continued.

the Kansas- Nebraska controversy, it strongly favored free soil and in 1856 favored Fremont for president. .Daily, tri-weekly and weekly.

Vorwarts, 1852:54: Published by P. Stibolt and V. Walter. Mr. Sti- bolt took it to Galena, and subsequently he went to Peoria where he became the editor of the Deutsche Zeitung. It was an advocate of democratic principles. German.

National Democrat, 1854: Published by Geo. M. Thompson and edited by John Fitch, 1854; Mr. Fitch and brother, 1854-59; John Fitch, 1859-60, when building and press were destroyed by a tornado. In seven weeks Robert P. Tansey resumed its publica- tion. In a short time it passed into the hands of Wm. T. Brock and from him to W. T. Dowdall with Thomas Dimmock as editor. In 1864 Mr. Dowdall sold to John C. Dobelbower, but Mr. Dim- mock continued editor. In 1866 it was destroyed by fire. It was re-established and its publication was continued until 1869 when it was removed to Lafayette, Indiana.

Illinois Beobachter, 1855-66: Established and published by John Reis, 1855-63; V. Walter, 1863-64; G. H. Weigler, 1864-66. While con- ducted by Mr. Reis it favored the Douglas, wing of democracy, and under Mr. Walter was republican. It was a weekly German paper. Destroyed by fire.

Free Press, 1858-59: Established by Dr. Canesius and soon transferred to Christian Schneider. It was published weekly. German.

'Sucker Life Boat, six months in 1855: Comic sheet edited and pub- lished by John T. Beem, Martin Brooks and Willbur T. Ware.

Missouri Cumberland Presbyterian: In 1852 it was started at Lexington, Mo. In 1853 removed to St. Louis and to Alton in 1855. Edited by Dr. J. B. Logan. In June 1855 the subscription list was sold and transferred to the Watchman and Evangelist, Louisville, Ky.

Ladies' Pearl, 1857-61: Edited by Dr. J. B. Logan and Rev. W. W. Brown in the interest of the Cumberland Presbyterian church.

Weekly Alton Telegraph, 1858: A campaign paper edited by Messrs. Parks & Ennis. Mr. Parks being the political editor.

Altonian, 1838 and died with the third number: Edited and published by L. A. Parks and Edmund Breath. Favored Whig principles.

Star of Bethlehem and Candid Examiner. It died with the first number. Edited by A. Doubleday. A religious paper.

Protestant Monitor, 1848: John M. Me Pike was one of its editors. Re- ligious sheet. Changed to * Alton M onitor 1848; edited by John W. Buffutn. Suspended at close of campaign. It was an advo- cate of democratic principles.

Albany, Whiteside Co. Herald, 1854.

*For Alton papers see Brink & Co'.s History of Madison Co. pp. 197, 204; also .Boss' History of Illinois Newspapers, p. 30.

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Amboy, Lee Co.

Lee County Times, 1855-56; The stockholders were A. Kinyon, W. E. Ives, John L. Skinner, John B. Wyman, H. B. Judkin, and W. B. Stuart. Edited by A. N. Dickens, brother of the distinguished author. Changed to

Amboy Times, 1856-66: Successively published by Cotrell, Pratt & Miller; Cotrell, Pratt & Somers; Pratt & Co.; Pratt, Shaw & Co.; Gardner, Shaw & Lewis; Pratt & Shaw. Messrs. Goff & Shaw changed it to

*Lee County Journal, 1866 to date: The paper has passed through many hands, and has been suspended for several brief periods; files largely in office.

Atlanta, Logan Co.

Logan County Forum, 1855-58 (?): A weekly paper, edited by S. B. Dugger.

Augusta, Hancock Co.

Weekly limes, 1856-57: Established by L. S. Grove & Son.

Aurora, Kane Co.

Peoples'1 Platform, 1846: Edited by Isaac Martlett. Democratic as to politics. Moved to St. Charles.

Weekly Beacon, 1847-56: There were some interruptions. First, edi- ted by M. V. and B. F. Hall; neutral as to politics. When B. F. Hall disposed of his interest it became an organ of the Whigs. James W. and Dudley Randall published it, 1853-54. Next it passed through the hands respectively of Wm. Goldy, N. S. Greenwood, Geo. Brewsted, Hon. A. C. Gibson, who changed it to

Daily Beacon, 1856-57: Mr. Brewsted next became its editor; he was succeeded by a Mr. Day, and Mr. Day by Augustus Harmon, who published it until the consolidation of the Beacon and the Guardian, and the name became the

Republican Union, 1857: J. W. Randall and Simon Whitely published it one month whe,n Mr. Whitely withdrew taking with him the material of the old Guardian and started the Republican. Augustus Harmon and O. B. Knickerbocker became possessed of the Beacon material and revived the

Beacon, 1857 to (1878): In 1858 Mr. Harmon retired. Mr. Knickerbocker and Geo. S. Bangs published it, 1859-66; Mr. Knickerbocker and J.lH. Hodder, 1866 to (1878).

G^^ardian, 1852-57. Edited by Simon Whitelv; advocated democracy; changed to the

Republican, 1857 : (See Republican Union}.

^Reformer, 1858 : Published by Augustus Harmon and wife.

Batavia, Kane Co.

Expositor, 1852: Edited by James Risk. Beardstown, Cass Co.

Chronicle and Illinois Bounty Land Advertiser, 1833-34: Edited by Francis Arenz.

Gazette, 1845— — : Edited by Sylvester Emmons to 1852; C. D. Dick- erson to 1853; later J. L. Sherman, B. C. Drake, name was changed in 1852 and back again later. Now called the

^.Illinoisan, to date.

* For Amboy newspapers see Hill & Co.'s History of Lee Co., p. 353. t For Aurora newspapers see Le Baron's History of Kane Co., p. 293. JFor Beardstown newspapers see W. H. Perrin's history of Cass Co,

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Belleville, St. Clair Co.

Western Netvs, 1826-27: Published weekly by Dr. Joseph Green.

St. Clair Gazette (or Mercury}, 1833-38: Published by R. K. Flem- ing; publication often interrupted. Changed to

Representative and Gazette, 1838-39: Edited and Published by E. S. Cropley; it is now the

Belleville Advocate, 1839 to date: Edited and published by James L. Boyd and John T. C. Clark, 1840; Mr. Boyd, 1840-42; Philip B.

Fouke, ; K. K. Fleming, ; E. H. Fleming, 1849; Wm. K.

Fleming, 1849 . Mr. Fleming changed it to a daily whicb

was edited by John Baker. It was in charge of John W. Merritt,. 1850-51; Judge Niles, 1851; E. H. Fleming and Mr. Niles, 1851-54; Mr. Fleming and James S. Coulter, 1854-55; Mr. Coulter, 1855-56; Judge Niles, 1856; Mr. Niles and Edward Schiller, 1856; Mr. Niles, 1856-57; Collins Van Cleve and T. C. Weeden, 1857-60. In, 1860 Mr. E. J. Montague became proprietor and he changed its name to the Weekly Belleville Advocate and News Letter. Name was finally changed back to the Belleville Advocate. Since 1860 it has had many editors and proprietors. At first a Democrat paper, in 1857 became an advocate of the Free Soil doctrine. Files- complete 1840-60 in Belleville Public Library. During by far the greater part of its existence it was a weekly.

Beobachter, a German paper started by Theodore Englemann, who sold it to Bartholomew Hauck and ne moved the office to Quincy where it was continued until 1848, when Mr. Englemann induced Mr. Hauck to remove the office back to Belleville and the Zeitung ' appeared.

Zeitung, 1848-93, now the Post: German: It was edited by Mr. Engle- man, 1848-51; Gustavus Koerner, 1851-53; Dr. Wenzel, 1853-56; Frederick Rupp, manager and Franz Grimm, editor. 1858-61;

Ludwig Seybold, 1861 ; Albert Loehr, 1863; Chas. New-

bert, 1863-72; H. E. Miller, 1872 ; Bernhard Hartmann,

1875: Eugene Seeger, 1876-77. In 1876 it became a daily. In 1872: the Zeitung made a change and advocated the election of Greely. In the next year Mr. Rupp died, and Sebastian Fietsom became its- owner and in 1874 Mr. Semelroth purchased a half interest. L. W. Hobercom was editor, 1877-79; Curt Heinfelden, 1879 to (1881). In 1889 Mr. Heinfelden and Mr. Semelroth became own- ers. File in office, 1856-57, complete since 1860; also, in Belleville Public Library, 1849-60. It is republican. It was published weekly.

Representative and Belleville News, 1837. Published by E. S. Cropley.

Banner, 1843-47: Edited by L. P. Pensoneau; Wm. C. Kinney; Kin- ney & Gelwicks. File, 1843-46; in Belleville Public Library. Changed to

Times, 1847-49: Edited and published by p. W Gelwicks and'.Louis Tramble. It represented democracy. File complete in Belleville- Public Library. Changed to

Illinois Republican, 1849-54: At first it was published by Messrs. Harvey & Walker. Later it was purchased by Judge Niles and ab- sorbed by the Advocate, (which see). File complete in Belleville Public Library.

Sun, 1851: Established by E H. Fleming. Soon it was joined to Ad- vocate and conducted by Mr. Fleming as foreman and Judge Niles as editor.

Eagle, 1854: At first it was a daily but soon changed to a weekly; managed by Bevirt & Shoupe and edited by Governor Reynolds or awhile. Changed to

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.Belleville, St. Clair Co. — Concluded.

Tribune, 1854-58: John B. Hay was manager and Win. Orr editor, 1854; Edward R. Stuart and G. A. Harvey, 1854; Mr. Harvey and Wm. E. Hyde, 1854-56; Mr. Harvey, 1857. In 1857 it was sold to Van Cleve & Weeden, owners and publishers of the Advocate. Files 1850-58 in Belleville Public Library.

Volksblatt, 1856-58: German and anti-slavery. Established by Dr. T. Wenzel and edited by Louis Didier, 1856-57; Franz Grinn, 1857-58. In 1858 it was consolidated with the Zeitung. File, 1856-57, in Belleville Public Library.

Democrat, 1856-57: German and a supporter of democracy. Edited by Dr. F. Wenzel, except for a few weeks, during which time it was edited by A. Ruoff. File complete in Belleville Public Library.

Sun, 1857: Established by E. H. Fleming. It was also joined to Advocate.

Democrat, 1857 — : Published by Messrs. Bayokm and H. L. Fleming, 1857-59; Stuart and Shoupe. 1859-60; G. A. Harvey, 1860-63; Deulinger and Russell, 1863 to 1881. It was an advocate of democracy. File, 1858-60, in Belleville Public Library.

Star o/ Egypt, 1858-59: Campaign paper edited and published by Ex- Governor Reynolds and J. W. Hughs.

*Banner, 1859: Edited and published by H. L. Davidson. Democrat.

Belvedere, Boone Co.

Standard, 1851 to date: Published by Ralph Roberts, 1851-77. Demo- cratic up to 1856 when it became republican. Published weekly. Files in office and bound copies with A. C. Fuller, Belvedere, 111.

^Republican, 1848-50: Edited by J. W. Snow. It was an exponent of Whig principles. Published weekly.

Benton, Franklin Co.

Standard, 1849 to date: Edited by Ira Van Nortwick, 1849-50; Ed- ward V. Pierce, 1850; Mr. Pierce and John G. Goesman, 1850-51; Mr. Goesman, 1851-57. For a year or two James Macklin was associated with Mr. Goesman. Up to the time Mr. Goesman be- came editor the press and material were owned by citizens of Benton. Edited and published by Mr. Pierce. 1857-58. Hassett and Outten, who changed the name to Plaindealer, moved the concern to Du Quoin and established the Du Quoin Republican, advocating the election of Lincoln as United States Senator. (Boss' History of Illinois Newspapers, p. 17.) Weekly. Only partial files in office. Type hauled from St. Louis by ox team.

Blandinsville, McDonough Co.

Argus, 1857 : It was published for about a year by George Smith,

who was followed by Charles Cornell. It was changed to the Hustler, and is now the Gazette. Published weekly.

Blooming-ton, McLean Co.

Observer and McLean County Advocate, 1837-39: Established by Gen. Gridley, Jesse W. Fell and James Allin. Edited by Wm. Hill

* For Belleville newspapers, see Brink and McDonough's History of St. Clair Co., p. 98. §For Belvedere Newspapers, see History of Boone Co., by H. F. Kitt & Co., Chicago

13

Bloomingtou, McLean Co. —Concluded.

and later by J. W. Fell. Published weekly. Favored whig doc- trine. A part of volume one is on file in the Withers Public Library, Bloomington.

McLean County Register, 1845-46: Started by Russell Mitchell, who was succeeded by C. P. Merriman, and he began the

Western Whig, 1846 : Published by Mr. Merriman, 1846-50;

Messrs. Johnson and Underwood, 1850-51; Messrs. Merriman and. Jesse W. Fell, 1851-52. In 1852, Mr. Merriman became its pro- prietor, the name having been changed by Mr. Fell, to the

Intelligencer. Mr. Merriman changed the name to the

Pantograph, 1853 to date. In 1855 Mr. Jacob Morris became a partner. Soon after it was destroyed by fire. It has since passed through tho hands of Wm. E. Foote, 1856-61; Messrs. Carpenter and Steele; Scibard and Waters; and W. 0. Davis, its present (1879) proprietor. The paper has had nearly as many editors as pro-

g-ietors, among them have been Edward J. Lewis, W. E. Foote, . B. Norton, Thomas Moore, J. H. Burnham, J. F. Bribers, B. F. Diggs, E. R. Roe, etc. During a part of its existence it has been published daily. Several volumes of the Whig, Intelligencer,, and Pantagraph are in the Withers Public Library, Bloomington.

, 1848 or 49: A democratic paper published by James

Shooff and Joseph Duncan. It soon passed into other hands and, ceased.

Bulletin, 1849(?) : Edited by G. W. Wright.

Democratic Flag, 1854(f)-56(f) : Published by Col. Sam Pike.

1859-60: Published by H. P. Merriman and Capt. Wm.

W. Orme. A democratic paper.

Bristol, Kendall Co.

Kendall Clarion, 1859-61.

Bunker Hill, Macoupin Co.

Journal, 1859-60: Edited by E. J. Bronson.

Cairo, Alexander Co.

Delta, 1848-49: Established by Add Saunders; neutral as to polities.

Sun, 1851-52: Established by Frank Rawlings. It supported democ- racy. It was run in the interest of the Emporium City Company, which company desired to break down Cairo and build the great city at that point.

Times, 1854-55: Edited by Len G. Faxon and W. A. Hacker, 1854-55; latter part of 1855 by Hacker and Willett. It was merged with the Delta. Published weekly and was a democratic organ.

Delta, 1855: It contained in its columns but little politics. Edited by L. G. Faxon and after four months' existence it united with the Times and became known as the

Times and Delta, 1855-59: Edited by Faxon and Willett.

*For Bloomington newspapers, see History of McLean Co., by Le Baron & Co., pp. 293, 370

14

'Cairo, Alexander Co. — Continued.

Egyptian, 1856: Established by Messrs. Bond and McGiunis. This was Ben Bond, the youngest son of the first governor of Illinois. Democratic in principle. It soon passed under the control of S. S. Brooks, and the name was changed to

Gazette, 1856-64: Edited by Mr. Brooks, 1856-58; John A. and James Hull, 1858-59; M. B. Harrell, 1859-64. It was destroyed by fire in 1858 and the Messrs. Hull moved the Carbondale Transcript to Cairo. (See Carbondale Transcript).

Journal: Published weekly for a few months in 1858. A German paper.

Zeitung: Published semi-weekly for four months in 1859. It was is- sued from the office of the Gazette.

*In 1841. a Mr. McNeer started the first paper in Cairo. It had a very brief life, and its name is lost.

Cambridge, Henry Co

Henry County Gazette, 1853-56 (?): Edited by J. W. Eystra. Sold to citizens of Kewanee, (which see).

t Chronicle, 1857 to date: First editor was Dr. Dunn, 1857-61. In 1860 Messrs. Patten and Denison leased the office and press of the com- pany. Mr. Patten was both owner and editor, 1861-66; Everett and Casson, 1866-67; Geo. C. Smithe, 1867 to date (1877). (See Galva Watchman) .

Canton, Fulton Co.

Herald, 1837: Edited by G. B. Perry and P. Stone. It was short lived. Western Telegraph, 1840 41: Edited by Stone and Christ. Changed to

Fulton Telegraph, 1841: Edited by Messrs. Davidson and Stone, and published by Mr. Stone.

Illinois Public Ledger, 1854: It was started at Lewistown in 1850, and is now known as the Fulton County Ledger. Edited by Griffith and Bideinan, 1854-56; Thornton & Bideman, 1856-57; Mr. Thorn- ton, 1857-79. Mr. Thornton was the first editor to give space to local notes in the Ledger. The Illinois Public Ledger was changed to the Fulton Ledger, and after Mr. Thornton got possession, it was changed to the Fulton County Ledger. It espoused the cause of democracy.

.Register, 1849: First few months it was edited by C. J. Sellon, and next few months by Slaughter and Sharkey. With Mr. Sharkey as sole proprietor it was edited for a short time by John S. Winter. In 1849, Mr. Sharkey secured the services of John S. Brooks as editor, when it became a democratic organ, being neutral before. It soon became neutral again, but opposed the Kansas-Nebraska bill. In 1856 it became republican in its sympathies. In February, 1850, its publication ceased and the office fell into the hands of T. Maple who, in August, 1850, sold it to Thomas J. Walker of Belleville, Illinois. He revived its publication and employed Wm. H. Haskell as editor. M. A. L. Davidson became partner

*For Cairo newspapers see Perrin's History of Alexander, Union and Pulaski counties, p. 129.

tFor Cambridge newspapers see History of Henry county, by Kett & Co. p. 182.

15

Canton, Fulton Co.— Concluded.

and editor. From 1852 to 1853 the paper was run by Mr. Nicolet and Mr. Davidson. In 1853 Mr. Davidson died and his interest was purchased by Alpheus Davison — now it became neutral as to politics. It was suspended for two months in 1862, both of its proprietors being in the army. In 1866, the firm name became Nicolet and Magie, issuing a republican paper. Later the firm name was Magie and Tanquary, and in 1875 Mr. Magie became sole proprietor. Mr. Jesse N. Berry and E. R. Magie, son of former editor, leased the institution and edited it from 1877-78, when James K. Magie and Son became its editors. In 1878, it favored the national greenback party and lost its influence. Then C. E. Snively purchased it and changed it to a republican organ. He carried the paper down to 1879, after which we have no in- formation at hand.

* Democratic Repository, 1847-48: Edited by C. J. Sellon.

•Oarbondale, Jackson Co.

Transcript, 1857-58: Edited by J. A. Hull. The paper was moved to Cairo in 1858. (See Cairo Gazette}.

"\Times, 1859-64: A weekly paper edited by J. A. Hull. Although democratic in its politics it denounced the southern cause as wrong and strongly favored the Union.

Oarlinville, Macoupin Co.

Macoupin Statesman, '1852-55: Edited by Jefferson L. Dugger, 1852-55. It was an advocate of whig principles. Changed to

Macoupin County Spectator, 1855-68: Edited by Geo. H. Holiday, 1855-57; Chas. E. Foote, 1857-58; John F. Meginness, 1858-61; Messrs. Shinkel and Gray, 1861-62; Horace Gwin, 1862; J. R. Flynn and P. B. Vanderen, 1862. The latter gentleman soon be- came the responsible proprietor and editor and he continued it until 1868, when the Merritts of Springfield and J. A. I. Birdsell became possessed of it. Pending the negotiations between Mr. Foote and Mr. Meginness the Spectator was discontinued from December 21, 1858, to January 12, 1859. The Merritts were only connected with the paper for a short time and Mr. Birdsell changed its name to

Macoupin Times. He remained its editor, 1868-70; H. R. Whipple, 1870-71. In 1871 the leading men of the democratic party of Oar- linville concluded to form a joint stock company and publish a more thoroughly democratic paper. The work of canvassing for the stock was assigned to Restores C. Smalley. When the stock was sold and the money raised, the company bought the Times print- ing office. The name of the paper was changed to the

Macoupin County Enquirer, 1871 to date: Edited by E. A. Snively, 1871-77; Samuel Reed, 1877. In 1873 the company leased the in- stitution to Mr. Snively and he published it until 1877, when Mr. Reed leased it.

*For Canton newspapers see History of Fulton county, by Chapman & Co., p. 991.

tFor Carbondale newspapers see Brink, McDonough's History of Jackson county, p. 48.

16

Carlinville, Macoupin Co. — Concluded.

Carlinville Free Democrat, 1850-67: Edited by Wm. C. Phillips for the first month; Mr. Phillips and Henry M. Kiinball, 1856-59. In 1859' Mr. Kimball purchased Mr. Phillips' interest and remained sole proprietor for eight years. When Mr. Kimball assumed propri- etorship John M. Palmer took charge of the editorial department as political editor and continued so till near the end of the year, when he was nominated for Congress. From that date till 1867 Mr. Kimball was sole editor and proprietor. In 1867 the name was changed to

*Carlinville Democrat, 1867 to date: Edited by Messrs. Edwards & Kimball, 1867-72; H. M. Kimball. 1872-82. Since 1882 it has been published and edited by Mr. A. G-. David. From 1856 to 1868 the Democrat was issued weekly, since then there has appeared a weekly and a semi-weekly. The paper has always advocated re- publican principles. There is a complete file in the office.

Carlyle, Clinton Co.

Beacon, 1843: It represented Whig principles. Edited by Gfeo. Bv Price. It was suspended, revived and changed to

Truth Teller, 1844-46: Edited by Mr. Price and Benjamin Bond. In 1846 Mr. Price moved it to Carrrollton and founded the Carrollton Gazette, (which see). The Truth Teller was also an organ of the Whigs.

Prairie Flower, 1851: Founded by Mr. Bond and edited by E. £. C'.. Judson.

Age of Progress, 1853-54: Published by J. W. Snow and edited by Mr., Bond. Changed to

Calumet of Peace, 1854-59: Edited and published by Mr. Bond, 1854-57; C. C. McGinnis and Henry Pallies proprietors and Mr. Bond editor, 1857-58; Zophar Case & Co., 1858-59. Changed to

^Reveille, 1859-63: Edited and published by C. C. McGinnis and J. W. Peterson. They changed it from a democratic to a republican! paper. It is now the Union Banner.

Carmi, White Co.

White County Advocate, 1858-73: Mr. Malone conducted it, 1859-69; Charles Beck, 1869-73. Mr. Beck changed its name to the Weekly- Courier, and in 1873 he sold it to W. F. Palmer. In 1881 it ap- peared as the Dollar Courier with C. L. Hayes as editor. It was an advocate of democratic principles.

White County News, 1833.

Carrollton, Greene Co.

Advocate, 1843 — not long lived. It was the first paper published in the county. Edited by Edward F. Fletcher who had been connected with the publication of the Backwoodsman in Jerseyville. The copies are lost.

*For Carlinville newspapers see Brink McDonough's History of Macoupin county. tFor Carlyle newspapers see History of Clinton Co., by Brink McDonough, p. 110.

17

Carrollton, Greene Co. — Concluded.

Gazette, 1846 to date: A weekly paper edited by Geo. B. Price, 1846- 60; H. L. Clay, 1860-63; Thomas D. Price, 1863-81; H. H. Mont- gomery, 1881-83; H. P. Farrelly, 1883-86; since by James McNabb. It espoused the cause of the Whig: party until 1856 when it sup- ported John C. Fremont. Since that campaign it has advocated democratic principles. Complete files -in office.

Green County Banner, 1848 — short lived. Started by John Fitch. Represented democracy.

Democrat, 1855-56: Edited by H. C. Withers.

Press, 1858-61: A republican paper edited by S. P. Ohr. Changed to

*Patriot, 1861 to date: Edited by Elder Craig, followed by Wm. B. Fairchild; Lee, Lusk &Platt; Miner & Lindley, 1873-75; Clement L. Clapp, 1875 .

Carthage, Hancock Co.

Carthagenian, 1836-37: It was the first paper in the county and was edited by Thomas Gregg. Finally it was purchased by Dr. Isaac Galland and taken to Montrose Iowa, and was known there as the Western Adventurer.

Echo, 1836: It was issued only a few months, being a campaign sheet advocating the election of General Harrison to the presidency. Issued from the office of the Carthagenian by Walter Bagley.

^Republican, 1853 to date: Published weekly and edited by Clarke & Manier, 1853-54; G. M. Childs, 1854-61; R. W. McClaughry, 1861- 63; J. M. Davison, 1863-94; Mrs. S. C. Davison, 1894 to date. Mr. Childs converted it from an independent to an intensely demo- cratic sheet, but under Mr. McClaughry it supported the cause of the Union. After the war under Mr. Davison it became a demo- cratic paper. There are files in the office since 1863. Earlier copies (scattered) in hands of Squire Gordon of Hamilton. (See Warsaw Commercial Journal) . \

Centralia, Marion Co.

Gazette, 1856: It was established by Messrs. Gall and Omelveny. Enterprise, 1856— two months: Edited by D. A. Burton.

News Letter, 1857: In 1856 H. S. Blanchard purchased the Advocate of Salem and moved it to Centralia. He formed a partnership with Mr. Holcomb and they published the News Letter.

Centralian, 1857-60: It was edited by William Parker.

Rural Press, 1858-59: It was edited by M. L. McCord, who had moved the office of the Richmond Phoenix to Centralia.

For Carrollton newspapers see Donnelly, Gassette and Loyd's History of Greene County, p. 368.

tFor Carthage newspapers see Gregg's History of Hancock County, pp. 316.

-2HL

18

Centralia, Marion Co. — Continued.

* Egyptian Republic, 1859 : A republican paper edited and pub- lished by J. G. D. Pettijohn, 1859-61; Messrs. Blackford and Tay- lor publishers with Mr. Pettijohn as editor, 1861. It was edited and published for a short period in 1861 by Wesley Bailey when the office was closed until 1863. In 1863 a stock company of lead- ing republicans' revived it under the name of the Sentinel, which was under the management of J. W. and C. D. Fletcher.

Charleston, Coles Co.

Courier, 1840-63: Established by Wm. Harr and Wm. Workman. Mr. Workman soon retired and his place was afterwards filled by Oeo. Harding, who was connected with the paper until 1857. Mr. Harr conducted the paper alone from 1857 to 1863 when he sold out to Eli Chittenden, who changed its name to

PlaindeaUr, 1863 to date (1879).

t Ledger, 1857-67: Edited by Geo. Harding, 1857-59; McHenry Brooks, 1859-67. In 1867 Mr. Brooks sold to Messrs. Shooff and Under- wood, and they changed its name to

Courier, 1867 to date (1879).

Chicago, Cook Co.

Democrat, 1833-61: Edited by John Calhoun, 1833-36; John Went worth, 1836-61. This was the first paper published in Chicago. It sup- ported Jackson's administration; known as a "hard money paper" because it denounced wild-cat and other fictitious paper money. It was the official paper of the town of Chicago. Be- cause the needed supply of paper failed to arrive before the close of navigation, its publication was suspended from January 1 to May 20, 1835, with the exception of an issue January 21 and another on March 25. It appeared weekly to 1840, and daily after that. It was a democratic paper up to the time of the Kansas- Nebraska issue, but when the slavery question was again raised it assisted in the formation of the republican party. In July 1861 the Democrat was absorbed by the Tribune.

American, 1835-40: A whig paper issued daily after 1839. Edited by T. 0. Davis, 1835-37; Wm. Stuart & Co., 1837. Changed to

Daily American, 1839-42: Edited by Wm. Stuart, 1839-41; Alexander Stuart, proprietor, and W. W. Brackett editor, 1841-42; Buckner

S. Morris, July to October, 1842. There is almost a complete file in the Newberry Library, Chicago.

Express, 1842-44: Edited by Wm. W. Brackett, It was sold in 1844 to a company and discontinued. Supported Henry Clay for presi- dent. File, 1843-43, in Newberry Library, Chicago.

Daily Journal, 1844 to date: A whig paper at first issued by an editorial committee appointed by the company that purchased the Express. Edited and published by Richard L. Wilson, 1844-45; Mr. Wilson and Nathan C. Geer, 1845-47; Mr. \Vilson, 1847-49; Charles L. Wilson, 1849-51; R. L. and C. L. Wilson, 1851-53; R. L. and C. L. Wilson and R. H. Morris, 1853-54; Messrs. Wil- son, 1854-56; C. L. Wilson and C. H. Pierce, 1856-60. There is a complete file, both daily and weekly, 1844 to 1897, in the Newberry Library, Chicago.

*For Centralia newspapers see Brink McDonough's History of Marion County, r>p. 104-111. tFor Charleston newspapers see Le Baron's History of Coles County, p, 322.

19

Chicago, Cook Co.— Continued.

Field Piece, 1848: A whig campaign paper supporting Taylor and Fillmore. Issued weekly.

Commercial Advertiser, 1836-37: A weekly "liberty" paper, edited by Hooper Warren.*

Weekly Tribune, 1840-41: Published byChas. N. Holcomb & Co., with

E. Or. Ryan as editor. In 1841 it was sold to Elisha Starr of Mil- waukee, and the Milwaukee Journal was its successor.

<Union Aqriculturist and Western Prairie Farmer, 1841-43: Edited under the auspices of the Union Agricultural Society, by John S. Wright and printed by Holcomb & Co. Changed to

Prairie Farmer, 1843-58: Edited and published by J. S. Wright for a few months, and then until 1858 the editorship and proprietorship were substantially vested in J. S. Wright, J. A. Wright, and Luther Haven, with several transpositions of authority.

<Quid Nunc, July to August, 1842: Daily, edited by David S. Griswold and published by Ellis, Fergus & Co. It was devoted to the ad- vancement of literature, the fine arts, science, commerce, agri- culture, and the mechanical arts. No communications on religion or politics were admitted.

Northivestern Baptist, 1842-44: A semi-weekly, edited by Thomas Powell. This was the first religious publication in Chicago.

Chicago Eepublican, 1842-44: Weekly; edited by A. E. Niblo, 1842-43;

F. W. Cleveland, 1843-44. It was established to create a public sentiment favoring the re-election of President Tyler.

Western Citizen, 1842-55: Edited by Zebina Eastman and Asa B. Brown, 1842-45; Eastman and Davidson, 1845-49; Eastman and McClellan, 1849-52; Mr. Eastman, with Hooper Warren as associ- ate, 1852-55.

Youths1 Gazette, 1843: A paper for the benefit of the youth; edited by K. K. Jones.

.Better Covenant, 1843-47: Issued weekly. Established at Rockford, taken soon to St. Charles arid thence to Chicago, being published at Rockford and St. Charles from January 6, 1842, to April 6, 1843. Edited by Rev. Seth Barnes, 1843-44; Rev. Wm. Rounseville and Cyrus B. Ingham, 1844-45; Mr. Ingham, 1845-47. In 1847 it was sold' to John A. Gurley of the Star of the West, Cincinnati, Ohio.* (See Better Covenant, Rockford and St. Charles).

'New Covenant, 1848 — : An organ of the Universalists. Edited by Rev. W. E. Mauley and Rev. J. M. Day, 1848-49; S. P. Skinner, 1849-55; L. B. Mason, 1855 59; D. P. Livermore, 1859-69; J. W. Hanson, 1869-80. There were several changes in the business management. In- 1880, being consolidated with the Star of the West of Cincinnati, it became the Star and Covenant. In 1883 it became the Universalist, with J. S. Cantwell as editor.

Democrat Advocate and Commercial Advertiser, 1844-46: Weekly. Pub- lishers and proprietors were Messrs. Ellis and Fergus; nominally without an editor. It was the corporation paper, 1844-45.

Illinois Medical and Surgical Journal, 1844 — : This was the first medi- cal journal issued in Chicago. It was a monthly issue, 1844-46; bi-monthly 1846 — . Edited by Dr. James V. Z. Blaney, in the in-

* See Boss' History of early Illinois Newspapers, p. 15.

20

Chicago, Cook Co.— Continued.

terest of Rush Medical College, and printed by Ellis and Fergus,. 1844-46. In 1846 the Journal was christened, the Illinois and Indiana Medical and Surgical Journal with an editorial staff com- prising Drs. Blaney, Daniel Brainard, Wm. B. Herrick, and John Evans. It was published in Chicago by Ellis & Fergus and in Indianapolis by C. B. Davis. In 1848 the paper became known as The Northwestern Medical and Surgical Journal with the same edi- torial management, but published in Chicago by Wm. Ellis and in Indianapolis by John D. Defrees. In 1849 W. B. Herrick and John Evans appeared as editors with J. W. Dugan, Chicago and Indianapolis, as sole publisher. The subsequent year John Evans and Edwin G. Meek comprised the editorial staff, and C. A. Swan as printer. In 185 L the same editors appear with James L. Langdon, Chicago and Indianapolis as printer. In 1852 John, Evans was editor, and Langdon & Rounds printers. In 1852, an- other new series was commenced, the issue being monthly — W. B. Herrick being editor, assisted by H. A. Johnson, with Ballantyne & Co. as printers. Dr. N. S. Davis became editor in May, 1854, with Dr. Johnson assistant, and A. B. Case was publisher, who- in 1856 was succeeded by Robert Fergus. In 1857 Dr. Davis was- sole editor, Barnet & Clarke printers. The December number, 1857, terminated the magazine under the name of The Northwest- ern Medical and Surgical Journal.

Gem of the Prairie, 1844-52: A weekly paper edited by K. K. Jones and James S. Beach, 1844-45; J. Campbell and T. A. Stewart, 1845; T. A. Stewart, 1845-46; Mr. Stewart and James Kelly, 1846-50; Messrs. Scripps and Stewart, 1850-52, with Stewart, Waite & Co. as publishers. In 1847 the Gem was purchased by the management of the Tribune, and was issued from that office until 1852 when it was merged in the Iribune, (which see).

Garland of the West was projected by Robert N. Garrett and Nelson W. Fuller. But one copy was issued, July 30, 1845.

Spirit of Temperance Reform was smarted in 1845 by J. E. Ware. It soon died.

Western Magazine, the first literary magazine published in Chicago, was first issued in October, 1845, by Rounseville & Co. In Sep- tember, 1846, John Jay Moon purchased it and published two numbers when its publication ceased.

Daily News, latter part of 1845 to January 6, 1846: A liberty paper managed by Eastman & Davidson, with S. W. Chapel assistant editor. This was the first daily issued without a weekly edition.

Volksfreund, 1845-48: The pioneer German paper of Chicago. Issued weekly; edited by Robert B. Hoeffgen.

Illinois Stoats Zeitung, 1848 to date: Established by Robert Bernhard Hoeffgen, but shortly Dr. Hellmuth became editor; Arno Vass, 1848-49; Herman Kfiege, 1849-50; Geo. Schnieder with Mr. Hoeffgen as manager, 1850-52; Schneider and Hillgaertner, 1852-54: Schneider and Schlaeger, 1854. Subsequently H. Beinder and Daniel Hertle became incorporated with the editorial staff, but Mr. Schneider was the animating spirit. At first it was a weekly, but under Mr. Kriege it was made a semi-weekly and then tri-weekly. In 1851 Mr. Schneider made it a daily. In 1854 the publication of the Suntag Zeitung was begun. The Zeitung can lay strong claims to the inaugural movement which resulted in the formation of the Republican party. It strenuously opposed the Nebraska Bill and the extension of slavery. In 1856 the Com- mon Council empowered the Zeitung to do the public printing ia

21

Chicago, Cook Co. — Continued.

the German language. In 1862 Antone C. Hesing, who became sole proprietor in 1867, bought an interest. He was succeeded in its management by his son, Washington Hesing.

Commercial Advertiser, 1847-53: Weekly to 1849, when it became daily. Edited by Alfred Dutch, who was instrumental in obtaining the

frant of lands from Congress for the Illinois Central Railroad, he Advertiser opposed the Maine law. It was issued irregularly.

Western Herald, 1846-47: A weekly, an anti- slavery, anti-masonic, temperance paper, and advocate of the Society of Fi'iends. Changed to

Herald of the Prairies, 1847-49: Edited by Rev. J. B. Walker and B. F. Warrall, 1846-49. In 1848 James Shaw was assistant editor. J. Ambrose Wight and Wm. Bross bought the office and material and changed it to

Prairie Herald, 1849-53: Rev. G. S. F. Savage, ofJSt. Charles, 111., and Rev. A. L. Chapin, Beloit, Wis.. were appointed correspond- ing editors. Mr. Wight was sole editor, 1851-53. From 1846 to 1853 the paper enunciated the doctrines of the New School Pres- bj'terians and the Congregationalists. Changed to

Congregational Herald, 1853-62: Edited by Rev. John C. Holbrook, 1853-54; Rev. Holbrook and Rev. N. H. Eggleston, 1854-56_; sev- eral editors from 1856 to 1857; Rev. H. L. Hammond, 1857 .

The Herald advocated the establishment of the Chicago Theological Seminary.

Daily Cavalier, 1846-47: Edited by Robert Wilson. For six weeks Rev. Wm. Rounseville was editor.

Morning Mail, 1846-47: Edited by Rev. Wm. Rounseville.

Ariel: Published weekly for a short time in 1846, with Edward Aug- ustus as editor and C. H. Bonar as publisher.

Dollar Weekly, issued three or four months in 1846, by Wm. D. Wilson.

Valley Watchman, 1846-47: Published by J. McChesney.

Northwestern Educator, 1847-49: A monthly, edited by James L. Enos and D. L. Curtiss.

Liberty Tree, 1846-48: A monthly, issued by Eastman and Davison, with Zebina Eastman as editor.

Chicago Tribune, 1847 : Established by K. C. Forrest, James J.

Kelly and John E. Wheeler. The Tribune contributed to the formation of the Republican party. Messrs. Forrest and Kelly very early retired and Thomas A. Stewart became editor. In 1847 the Gem of the Prairie was purchased by the inaugurators of the Tribune. The Tribune, managed by Wheeler, Stewart and Scripps, 1848-51; T. J. Waite, manager; Wm. Duane Wilson, editor. 1852-53. March 23, 1853, Gen. Wilson's interest was pur- chased by Henry Fowler, Timothy Wright and Gen. J. D. Web- ster. On June 18, 1853, Joseph Medill came from Cleveland and purchased a share in the paper, whereupon the issue was made under the auspices of Wright. Medill & Co.. and Stephen N. Staples is specified in the directory for 1853-54 as assistant edi- tor. On July 21. 1855, Thomas A. Stewart retired from the partnership, and September 23, Dr. C. H. Ray and J. C. Vaughan were editors. At the same time Alfred Cowles became a mem- ber of the firm, which was then composed of Messrs. Medill, Ray,

22

Chicago, Cook Co. — Continued.

Wright, Webster, Vaughan and Cowles. March 26, 1857, Mr. Vaughan withdrew and the partnership name became Ray, Medill & Co. The file at the office of the Tribune is complete from about 1860. In 1858 the Tribune, being consolidated with the Daily Democratic Press, was known as the Press and Tribune, issued by the proprietors of both papers. (See Press, p. — .) In 1861 the word Press was dropped.

Watchman of the Prairies, 1847-53: First weekly Baptist newspaper published in Chicago. Edited by Rev. Luther Stone and pub- lished bylJMessrs. Walker and Warrall, of the Western Herald (which see ). In 1849 Wight and Bross became its publishers. It strongly opposed slavery. In 1853 Mr. Stone sold the paper to Dr. J. C. Burroughs, Levi D. Boone and A. D. Titsworth, and it became the

Christian Times, 1853 : Still issued weekly. Mr. Burroughs was

the chief and H. J. Western and A. J. Joslyn assistant editors. November 24 of the same year the paper was sold to Revs. Leroy Church and J. A. Smith, the latter becoming editor-in-chief. In 1854 Mr. Smith sold his interest to Mr. J. F. Childs and the pro- prietary firm became Church & Childs. In 1855 Mr. Church be- came sole proprietor. Later firm name became Church & Good- man; so it remained until January, 1875. The paper is now known as the

Standard — still an organ of the Baptist church.

Porcupine, winter of 1847-48: Edited by Charles Bowen and Thomas Bradbury.

American Odd Fellow. 1848: This was the first organ of secret socie- ties in Chicago: Edited by J. L. Enos and Rev. Wm. Rounseville.

Northivestern Journal of Homeopathia, 1848-52: A monthly journal, partly scientific and partly of a popular character. It was the first paper in Chicago advocating the science of Homeopathy: Ed- ited by Geo. E. Shipman; printed by Whitmarsh & Fulton.

Lady's Western Magazine, 1848-49: Edited by B. F. Taylor and J. S. Hurlbut; published by Charles L. Wilson.

Chicano Dollar Newspaper, part of 1849: A weekly paper edited by J'. R. Bull.

lemperance Battle- Ax, part of 1849: Edited by C. J. Sellon and D. D. Driscoll.

Democratic Argus, started in August, 1850: Issued daily and weekly by B. W. Seaton and W. W. Peck.

Electric Journal of Education and Literary Review, 1850-51: Appeared monthly; edited by. C. F. Bartlett. In April, 1851, Dr. N. S. Davis became editor.

Commercial Register, 1850: Issued weekly by J. F. Ballantyne.

Literary Budget, 1852-55: Monthly by W. W. Dpnanhower: In 1853 changed to a weekly with B. F. Taylor as editor. Devoted to lit- erature and general miscellany; in 1854, T. H. Whipple appeared as associate editor. In 1855 the Budget was merged into the Weekly Native Citizen, published also by Mr. Donanhower.

Christian Era, 1852: An unsuccessful paper published by Rev. Epa- phras Go jdmau.

Chicago, Cook Co.— Continued.

Western Tablet, 1852-55: A Catholic literary periodical published by Daniel O'Hare.

Daily Express and Commercial Register, 1852 : An independent

daily penny paper edited by J. Q. A. Wood and W. J. Patterson.

Weekly Express, 1852-53: Conducted by J. F. Ballantyne & Co.

Daily limes and Citizen, 1852-53: A Free Soil paper edited by Zebina Eastman.

Frihed's Banneret, 1852-53: First Norwegian paper published in Chica go. Edited by Mouritzon & Kjoss.

Daily Democrat Press, 1852 : Edited by John L. Scripps and Wm.

Bross. In 1854 firm became Scripps Bros. & Spears. At first it was a non-partison paper but in 1857 it began expounding the principles of the republican party: July 1, 1858, the Press was consolidated with the Tribune.

Sloan's Garden City, 1853-56(?): A weekly paper edited by Oscar B. Sloan; published at first by Robert Fergus, afterwards by Charles Scott & Co. It was published in the interest of Sloan's patent medicines principally and as an oracle upon literary matters sec- ondarily.

Homer's Chicago and Western Guide, a monthly, published in 1853 by W. B. Horner, purported to contain all information for traveling by railroad, steamboat and stage from Chicago to every town in the Northwest, and to any important city in the United States.

Chicago Evangelist, 1853-55: A weekly, representing tenets of the New School of Presbyterians: Edited by an association of Presbyterian clergymen — the resident editors being Revs. H. Curtis and R. W. Patterson; associate editors, G. W. Gale, S. G. Spears, W. H. Spencer, A. Eddy and S. D. Pilkin. In April, 1854, Rev. Joseph Gaston Wilson took editorial charge. In 1855 it was merged into the New York Evangelist, which thereafter had a northwestern editor in Chicago.

Youth's Western Banner, 1853: Short lived.. A monthly devoted to tem- perance, morality and religion; edited by Isaac C. Smith & Co.

Christian Banker, 1853 — only eight numbers appeared. Issued by Seth Paine and John M. Holmes as an advertisement for their bank.

Christian Shoemaker, 1853: Published only for a short time by F. V. Pitney as a travesty upon the Christian Banker.

Northtvestern Christian Advocate, 1853 : A weekly, edited by

James V. Walson, 1853-56; Rev. T. M.Eddy, 1856-68. It was published by Swormsted & Poe for the Northwestern Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church and printed by Chas. Philbrick. Rigidly anti-slavery. In 1868 the editorship was given to Rev. J. M. Reid, who was succeeded in 1872 by Rev. Arthur Edwards.

Olive Branch of the West, 1853: Published by J. R. Balme.

Homeopath, 1853-56: A monthly started by Drs. D. S. Smith, S. W. Graves and R. Ludlam. Editors in January, 1854. were Drs. R. Ludlam and D. Alphonso Colton.

Courant, 1853-54: An independent daily edited by William Duane Wil- son. Sold to Messrs. Cook, Cameron and Patterson and changed to

Young America, 1854— — : Daily and weekly. A democratic paper edited by J. W. Patterson. Soon changed to

24

Chicago, Cook Co. — Continued.

Chicago Daily Times, 1854-94. The founders of the Times were Isaac Cook, .lames W. Sheahan and Daniel Cameron. It was a demo- cratic daily edited by James W. Sheahan, 1854-56; James vV. Sheahan and Daniel Cameron, 1856-59; Sheahan and Price, 1860— — . In 1860 Cyrus H. McCormick, owner of the Herald, (see p. 21) purchased the Times. He consolidated the two papers under the name of the Herald and Times, intending eventually to drop the name Times. He placed E. W. McComas in editorial charge. Under the care of Mr. McComas, who was a journalist from Virginia, the paper became an exponent of the Southern democracy. On Junel, 1861, this paper was purchased by Wilbur F. Storey, who was its leading spirit for the next twenty years. After the emancipation proclamation, the limes ceased to favor the prosecution of the war, and was bitter in its denunciations of Lincoln's administration. It became such a radical "copperhead sheet" that General Ambrose E. Burnside, in command of the Department of the Northwest, with headquarters at Cincinnati, issued an order for the suppression of the Times, and the com- mander at Camp Douglas was charged with the execution of the order. On the morning of June 3, 1863, some soldiers marched into the press-room and took possession. Mass meetings were held during the day in advocacy of free speech and a free press. A petition to President Lincoln to revoke the order was signed by some of the most prominent republicans and business men of the city, and Senator Lyman Trumbull and Isaac N. Arnold tele- graphed personally to Mr. Lincoln to the same effect. The order was revoked by the President and its publication was resumed June 5. In the fall of 1863, Franc B. Wilkie joined the editorial staff and in 1867 Andre Matteson became a part of the editorial force for the second time. After the presidential campaign of 1868 the Times ceased to be a party organ, claimed to be inde- pendent, and made many vigorous onslaughts on the democrat party. However it wheeled into line and supported the demo- cratic candidates of 1876, 1880 and 1884. The establishment was destroyed in the great fire of 1871, but only to appear in greater magnificence very soon after. In 1894 it was joined to the Herald — hence Times-Herald. From 1857-67 the files are somewhat in- complete, since then complete in the Newberry Library, Chicago.

Traveler is mentioned in the Directory of 1853 as managed by James M. Chatfield, John Chatfield, Jr., Wm. B. Doolittle and Lee Lars.

Hemlaudet, Det Gamla Och Det Nye, 1855 to date: Published at Gales- burg from 1855 to 1858, when it was moved to Chicago. Edited by Prof. T. N. Hasselgvist, 1855-58; Dr. E. Morelins, 1859-62; Jonas Errberg, 1863-64; Dr. C. R. Cervin, 1864-68; P. A. Lunde- lins, 1868-69; Dr. John A. Enander, 1869-90; J. N. So'derholm, 1890-96; Dr. John A. Euander, 1896— — . A weekly paper and the first published in the Swedish language in Chicago.

Maine-Law Alliance, 1854 — : A temperance weekly, published by Hiram W. Jewell with B. E. Hale, Rev. T. Yates and Dr. Charles Jewett as editors.

Free West, 1854-56: Edited by Goodman, Warren & Eastman. Sold to the Tribune in 1856.

Saturday Evening Mail, 1854: A temperance paper edited by Geo. R. Granam.

Chicago Protestant, 1854: Monthly, Hays and Thompson, publishers. Deutsche Amerikaner, 1854: Edited by Geo. Schtaeger. Atlantis, 1854: A monthly edited by Christien Essellen.

25

Chicago, Cook Co. — Continued.

Pathfinder, 1854 — :A weekly record of railroad and real estate trans- actions. Edited by W. B. Horner, and published by Horner & Crane.

Bank-Note List, 1855 — : A semi-monthly edited and published by T. Granger Adams, a banker. Devoted to reporting financial mat- matters, with an especial reference to the means of detecting counterfeits, and containing a report of the banks that were in an embarrassed condition or had ceased to be solvent. This paper appeared in the directory as late as I860.

Illinois Gazetteer and Immigrants'1 Western Guide seems to have ap- peared only in August, 1855: Edited by Wm. Bross and published by Henry Greenbaum and T. W. Simpson: Contained a map of Illinois and adjacent states, and carefully collected statistics of manufactures, trade, commerce, etc.

Beobachter von Michigan, 1855-56: A weekly Douglas paper edited by Messrs. Committi & Becker.

Native American, 1855-56: A daily issued in the interest of the Native American party. Started by Wm. Weaver Danenhower, father of Lieut. J. W. Danenhower, the Arctic explorer.

Courier, 1855: Issued by R. P. Hamilton.

Der National Democrat, 1855 — : A daily Douglas paper. Editor, Dr.

Ignatius Koch, publisher, J. E. Committi, ; Koch & Schade,

editors, and Michael Diversey published, 1856; Koch & Froehlich, editors, and Fritz Becker, publisher, 1857-59.

Western Crusader, 1855-56: A temperance paper edited by Thos. Wil- liams and Orlo W. Strong. Changed to

Northicestern Home Journal, 1856 — : Edited by James B. Merwin and published F. H. Benson & Co.

Herald, 1856 or 1858: A daily edited by T. R. Dawley. In 1859-60 Chas. N. Pine appeared as editor.

Pen and Pencil, 1856: Edited by T. R. Dawley. An art and story paper, contributed to by T. Herbert Whipple. Issued weekly.

Western Gar land, 1856: A literary monthly issued simultaneously in Chicago, Louisville and St. Louis. Founded by Mrs. Harriet C. Lindsey & Son, with R. R. Lindsey as editor in Chicago.

Commercial Bulletin and Northwestern Reporter, 1856 — : Edited by C. H. Scriven and John J. Gallagher.

Rounds'1 Printers Cabinet, 1856 — : Published by Rounds & Langdon. In December, 1856, there was but one other journal in the United States that was devoted exclusively to the interest of the 'art preservative' — the Typographical Advertiser; Rounds' Cabinet being the first of that character in the northwest, the second in the United States in its date of issue, and the first monthly typo- graphical journal in the Union.

Prairie iea/,1856 — : A monthly issued by D. B. Cooke & Co.

Western Journal of Music, 1856-57: Wm. H. Currie, editor, and R. G. Greene, publisher.

Flower Queen, 1856-57: A weekly published by Higgins Bros. Democratic Bugle, 1856: Published by Chas. Lieb.

26

Chicago, Cook Co. — Continued.

Western Enterprise: A short lived agricultural weekly; merged into- the Prairie Farmer. Edited by Porter Little.

Daily Union, 1857-58: Issued by the Chicago Union Printing Co. Louis Schade was general editor. B. H. Meyers, city editor.

Daily Ledger, 1857: Published by Barnes, Stewart & Paine; Seth< Paine, editor.

Chicago Record, 1857-59: A monthly magazine, edited by Jas. G. Wil- son. Devoted to the interests of the Episcopal Church.

Saturday Evening Chronotype, 1857: Edited by C. A. Washburne.

Emery's Journal of Agriculture:- In August, 1857 H. D. Emery sent out a specimen copy. The first number of the regular issue was announced to appear January 1, 1858. In 1859 Emery & Co. changed the name to the Prairie Farmer and Emery's Journal of Agriculture.

Zeitgeist (German), 1857-58: Edited by Ernest Geoders and published^ by Charles Hess.

Northwestern Bank Note and Counterfeit Reporter , 1857-58: Published' by Isaac A. Pool. A semi-monthly. This paper may have been/ issued ir 1853, as in the directory for that year appears a mention of a Bank Note Reporter, but neither .editors nor publishers are named.

Examiner, 1857 — : A monthly magazine, edited by James G. Wilson;. Carney & Wilson publishers.

Commercial Express, 1857 : A weekly, and the Morning Bulletin, a

daily. Both were issued in behalf of the mercantile and com- mercial interests of Chicago. Edited by P. L. and J. H. Wells.

Svenska Republikanaren began in Galva, 111., in 1855, moved to Chi- cago in 1857 and S. Cronsine became editor. A secular, liberal' paper, founded, as especially antagonistic to the Hemlaudet, by the Bishop Hill colony of Swedes.

Sunday Leader, 1857 : The first exclusively Sunday newspaper

issued in Chicago of any permanence. Published by S. P. Rounds; managing editor, Edward Bliss. A distinguishing feature was its chess column edited by Lewis Poulson.

Svnday Herald was started subsequent to the establishment of the Sunday Leader, in opposition to it. The Herald ran about a year.

Trestle Board, 1857 : Edited and published by J. J. Clarkson in-

the interest of the Masonic fraternity.

Ashlar, 1857 : A monthly Masonic magazine. Edited by Allyn Wes-

ton and published by Charles Scott & Co.

Real Estate Neics Letter and Insurance Monitor had an existence of only a few months, 1857-58. Published monthly by Gallaghar & Gilbert.

Real Estate Register, 1857-58: Issued monthly. Edited and published by G. W. Yerby & Co.

Musical Review, 1857-58: Edited by C. M. Cody, published by Higgins Bros., and printed by Pool and Spaulding.

27

Chicago, Cook Co. — Continued.

Chicago Magazine, 1857: Edited by Zebina Eastman and published by John Gager & Co. Devoted to literature, biography, historical reminiscence, etc.

Le Journal De V Illinois, 1857-58: First issued in Kankakee as a weekly on January 2, 1857, by A. Grandpre and Claude Petit, being the first French newspaper published in the State. In September, 1857, it was moved to Chicago under the same management. For one month it was issued semi-weekly was changed back to weekly.

* Daily Price Currant, 1856-57.

Since Mr. Andreas in his History of Chicago only gives the history of Chicago newspapers in full down to 1857, the city directories after that date have been consulted and the following papers seem to have been started after 1857 :

1857.

Evangel, edited by J. G. Wilson: Weekly. Lake Zurich Banker was a weekly.

1858.

Abend Zeitung was published by Comitti & Bode and edited by Henry Ginal.

1859.

Northwestern Home and School Journal, J. T. Eberhart proprietor, and the assistant editor was Rolla A. Law.

Northwestern Prairie Farmer was edited by Wm. S. Hannold, James C. Medill and Chas. Betts. This paper is also found in the direc- tory for 1860.

Western Banner. B. D. Killian editor and proprietor. Found also in the directory of 1860.

Western Railroad Gazette, Stanley G. Fowler, proprietor. In directory for 1860.

Phillips' Northwestern Money Reporter and Insurance Journal. Issued weekly, monthly and semi-monthly by B. W. Phillips.

Printers'1 Cabinet. Published monthly by Rounds & Langdon.

Bank Note Reporter and Counterfeit Detector was issued monthly and semi-monthly by Willard & Young. Appeared in the directory for 1860.

Medical Journal was published monthly by Daniel Brainard. In i directory for 1860.

1860.

Market Review and Price Current appeared weekly. Western Churchman. Monthly.

*For Chicago Newspapers see a three volume History of Chicago, by A. T. Andreas.

28

Chicago, Cook Co.— Concluded.

Church Record. Semi-monthly.

Commercial Letter. Daily.

Home Land, (German). Weekly.

Northwestern Money Reporter. Weekly, semi-monthly, and monthly.

Northwestern Quarterly.

Prairie Farmer. Weekly.

Presbyterian Expositor. Monthly.

Wells'1 Marine Register. Daily during navigation.

-Chester, Randolph Co.

Southern Illinois Advocate, 1839-40: It was edited by John Smith and and H. M. Abbott.

Reveille, 1847-50. It was edited by 0. F. McMillan.

H erald, 1849-57 (?): Edited by Messrs. Hanna and Whitehurst, 1849-53; Mr. Hanna and Wm. Philips, 1853-56; E. J. Montague, 1856 — . (See Kaskaskia Republican).

^Randolph County Democrat, 1857-76 (?) : Editor and proprietor, Judge J. M. Rails, 1857-58: H. B. Nisbet and C. C. Clemens, who con- ducted it independent of politics, 1858-60; Mr. Nisbet, who made it a Republican paper, 1860-65; John W. Dean and M. W. Rot- rock, 1865-76; Mr. Dean and Mr. Nisbet, 1876 — . It was pub- lished weekly.

XJlinton, DeWitt Co.

DeWitt Courier, 1854-57: Established and edited by S. H. McElheney and R. A. Mills, 1854-55; Mr. Mills and A. J. Back, 1855; Russell F. Jones, who made it a democratic paper, being previously neutral, 1855; Mr. Jones as editor and Paul Watkins as pub- lisher, 1855 56; Mr. Watkins from 1856 until it was destroyed by fire in 1857.

Central Transcript, 1856 62: Edited by John R. Blackford and Isaac N. Coltrin, 1856-57; Mr. Blackford. 1857; Mr. Coltrin and B. F. Jones, 1857-58; Mr. Coltrin and W. DeLay, 1858-59; Mr. Coltrin and Joe Prior, 1859-61; Mr. Coltrin and A. J. Blackford, 1861; Mr. Coltrin and James M. DeLay. 1861-62; M. M. DeLevis and O. F. Mori'ison, 1862 — these men consolidated it with the Pana Public and changed the name to the Clinton Public.

DeWitt County Democrat, 1858-59: Edited by E. F. Campbell and E. D. King, 1858; Wm. Fuller, 1858-59. It was destroyed by fire. During its existence it was run in the interests of the democrat party.

^Vindicator, 1858: Edited by J. M. Prior in the interest of Douplas' election. Its publication ceased after the campaign.

*For Chester newspapers see Brink, McDough's History of Kaudolph, Monroe and Perry "Counties, p. 193-201.

t For Clinton newspapers see Brink, McDonough's History of DeWitt County, p. 95.

29

Dallas, Hancock Co.

Star of Dallas, 1859-61: Its first editor was Mr. Francis Ashton, and the second was Mr. Trueblood. It upheld Douglas for President.

Danville, Vermilion Co.

Illinois Citizen, 1849 : Published weekly and edited by A. Y^

Harrison.

Enquirer, 1833 : Its first editor appears to have been John S^

. vVilliams. In the years 1836 and 1837 Messrs. Delay and Loveless appear as editors. There is an incomplete file of this paper in the Danville Public Library.

Independent, 1856 : Among its editors were Messrs. McKinley and

Blackford: J. B. McKinley; and J. E. Lemon. There is a partial file in the Danville Public Library.

Spectator, 1859 : Its editor was A. J. Adams. Files in the Dan- ville Public Library.

Vermilion County Press, 1857: Among its editors were James D. Kilpat- rick, 1858; Messrs. Kilpatrick and Lemon, 1859: James D. Kilpat- rick, 1859. Volumes two and three are on file in the Danville Public Library.

Decatur, Macon Co.

Gazette, 1851-65: Published and edited by James Shoaff, 1851-156; A. J. Davis and Isaac N. Underwood; Mr. Davis and James P. Boyd. In 1846 Mr. Davis sold to Lewis Cass, who took in J. J. Strong as printer — this arrangement stood one year. In 1865 it was sold to N. J. Usrey of the Chronicle and the paper appeared under the name of the Gazette and Chronicle until 1871 . In 1856 it gave its- influence to the cause of democracy, but became republican on the breaking out of the Civil War. In 1871 the office was closed, and H. L. Hammer purchased it. and in 1872 he changed the name to the Tribune and made Mr. A. H. Gorman editor. It was united with the Magnet in 1874.

Illinois State Chronicle, 1855-65: Established by Charles H. Wingate and Wm. J. Usrey. Mr. Wingate retired early. Under Messrs. Hamsher and Masser its publication was suspended, 1862-63, which was revived in 1863 by Mr. Usrey and J. N. Underwood. Mr. Underwood retired in 1864. and in 1865 Mr. Usrey joined it to the Gazette. It opposed democracy.

Democrat, 1856 : Published by leading democrats with Eli Hosea

as editor. Changed to

Herald, 1857 : Its editors were Elan Rees and son, George W. ;

W. J. Chenoweth and Geo. W. Rust; Mr. Chenoweth and James Brent. It was removed to Pana, 111., by Milan S. Beckwith.

Chronicle, printed daily during the campaign of 1856.

Magnet, 1858-74: Published by P. R. Shepherd, who as editor was assisted by John Ryan; published by Henry C. Bradsby with James Shoaff as editor, 1859-61; E. N. Buck and I. N. Under- wood, 1861-62; James Shoaff, 1862-68; Mr. Shoaff and Asa Miller, 1868-71 ; Miller and Adis, 1871-74. It was democratic in principle from 1862 and during Mr. Shoaff's connection with it. It was consolidated with the Tribune in 1874 and was known as the Mag- net and Tribune.

30

Decatur, Macon Co.— Concluded.

* Daily Enterprise, 1859— short- lived: Established by Messrs. Buck and Underwood. It was printed in the Chronicle office.

De Kalb, De Kalb Co.

t Western World, 1858-60: Published by Mr. Andrews.

De Soto, Jackson Co.

Farmer, 1855-57: Edited by Jaines Hull, 1855-56; John A. Hull, 1856-57: The latter editor moved it to Carboudale as the Transcript (which see.)

Dixon, Lee Co.

lelegraph, 1851 to date: Edited by C. E. Fisk. Transcript, 1854-57: Established by Charles Allen.

Republican, 1857 : Published by Beckwith and Legget. It was

joined to the lelegraph with Shaw and Beckwith as proprietors. Subsequently it passed under the management of I. S. Boardman.

Monitor, 1858: Published by Charles Meigs: Failed in November, 1858.

t Advertiser, 1858-59: Edited by Eustace, Stiles & Atherton. Sometime within his proprietorship of the Telegraph Mr. Boardman pur- chased the press and material of the Advertiser.

Dunleith, Jo Daviess Co.

Commercial Advertiser, 1857-61: It was transferred to the Galena Dem- ocrat.

DuQuoin, Perry Co.

%DuQuoin Mining Journal, 1858 — : Edited by Paul Watkins; at first it was republican in sentiment but became democratic under the proprietorship of Alonzo Bennett; its publication was suspended during the war.

Bast St. Louis, St. Clair Co.

American Bottom Gazette, 1841-44: Edited by Sumrik and Jarrott.

Edwardsville, Madison Co.

Spectator, 1819 : Edited by Hooper Warren, assisted by George

Churchill, 1819-25; Thomas Lippincott and Jerremiah Abbott, 1825-27. The Spectator strongly opposed the convention of 1824; it was the third paper published in the State: Files, 1820-22, in the Chicago Historical Society Library.

*For Decatur newspapers see Brink, McDonough's History of Macon Co., p. 66.

tSee Kett & Co.'s History of De Kalb Co.. p. 113.

tFor Dixon newspapers see Hill & Co.'s History of Lee Co., p. 117,

§For DuQuoin newspapers see Brink McDonouffh's History of Randolph, Monroe and Perry Cos ., p. 199.

31

-Edwardsville, Madison Co.— Concluded.

Illinois Intelligencer, 1822(?) : It was a pro-slavery paper. Illinois Gazette, 1822(?) .

Star of the West, 1822-23: Published by Miller & Stine who represen- ted the leading democratic citizens of the place. It was the fourth pap'ir published in the State — these in their order were the Intell- iqencer, Vandalia; Gazette, Shawneetown; Spectator, and Star of the West, Edwardsville. After six months the Star of the West went into the hands of Thomas J. McGuire & Co., who issued the

Illinois Republican, 1824: Like the Star of the West, the Republican was pro-slavery. During the convention contest of 1824, April, 1832, to August, 1824, Judge Theophilus W. Smith and Emanual J. West were the leading editors, who endeavored to counteract the influence of the Spectator.

Illinois Corrector, 1827-28: Edited by R. K. Fleming who, in 1828, moved back to Kaskaskia and published the Recorder, (which see also the Republican Advocate of Kaskaskia). It was a pro-slavery paper and strongly supported Jackson for President.

Crisis, 1830: Edited by S. S. Brooks: Changed to

Illinois Advocate, 1830-32: At first it was published by Mr. Brooks; eighteen numbers were issued when the establishment passed into the hands of John York Sawyer. Mr. J. Angevine was associ- ated with Mr. Sawyer for awhile. When Mr. Angevine retired, Mr. Win Peach who was afterwards elected State' Printer be- came a partner and he removed the establishment in December, 1832, to Vandalia, the State Capital. Mr. Sawyer merged the Western Ployboy in the Advocate, and in 1839 the paper was re- moved to Springfield (see State Register).

Western Ploivboy, 1830-31: It was a semi-monthly edited by John York Sawyer.

Wetern Weekly Mirror, 1838-40: Edited by James Ruggles and was devoted to the introduction and propagation of an universal language; changed to

Sovereign People, 1840-41: Edited by Mr. Ruggles.

Madison County Engineer, 1853-56 : Edited by Theodore Terry: It was suspended for a time and appeared again as the

Weekly Madison Press, 1850 to date: This paper was established and published weekly by Mr. Terry. It favored democracy. There is a partial file in office.

Madison County Recorder, 1850-51: The first editors and publishers were Dallam & Ruggles; next Ruggles & L. E. Smith; next Smith & David Gillespie under whom its publication ceased. Mr. Ruggles went to Henry, Marshall Co., and founded the Courier (which see).

*Madison Advertiser, 1856-65: Founded and published by James R. Brown. The publishers in order were 0. C. Dake, Joseph L. Krafft, Wm. G. Pinchard, Frank Springer, Thompson & Dunne- gan, and Whitman & Crabb who changed it to Madison County Courier, and it continued to appear under that name until 1869. It was finally succeeded by the Republican, now published by Cross- man Bros. At first it advanced Whig doctrine and then republi-

*For Edwards Ule newspapers see Davidson and Stuv4 History of Illinois, p. 353.

32

Elgin, Kane Co.

, 1845 : It seems that the name of this paper

has been lost, but it was a Baptist and anti-slavery sheet. Pub- lished and edited by a joint stock company of which Spencer Carr, Rev. A. J. Joslyn. and Rev. Wareham Walker were the editors.

Gazette, 1847-74: It was consolidated with the Advocate in 1874. Fox River Courier, 1851 — short lived : It favored the Whigs. Palladium, 1853-56: Edited by Mr. Hough. Changed to

Kane County Journal, 1856 : Soon Messrs. Lyman & Smith ap- peared as publishers.

—,1858 : A democratic paper established by

Grosvenor & Willis. Evington, Effingham Co.

Pioneer, 1855-60: Published by W. B. Cooper and later by J. W, Filler. It was moved to Effingham.

Fairfleld, "Wayne Co.

Independent Press, 1852-55: John M. Walden was editor and A. A. Stickney publisher. It was democratic in its sympathies. Changed! to

Illinois Patriot, 1855-56: It was also a democratic paper edited by C. T. Lichtenberger.

News, 1856: Edited by James H. Smith. It was a non-partisan paper.

Gazette, 1858: Edited by A. S. Tilden. It advocated "State Sover- eignty and Popular Rights."

Prairie Pioneer, 1859-63: This paper was established by Wm. Loyd Carter and edited by Miles B. Friend who soon retired and left Carter as editor. In March 1860 Theodore Edmonson appeared as publisher and W. L. Carter again as editor. Edmonson soon withdrew and Benson T. Atherton became its publisher. In. October 1862 its publication was suspended to be revived by J. D. Lichtenberger.

Fannington, Fulton Co. Journal, 1856-57.

Freeport, Stephenson Co.

Prairie Democrat, 1847-53: A democratic paper established and run by Stephen D. Carpenter, 1847-50; J. O. P. Burnside 1850-52; Geo. Ordway, 1852-53. It represented democracy. In 1853 it again fell into the possession of Mr. Burnside and he changed its name to the

Bulletin, 1853 to date: Mr. Burnside was succeeded in its publication

by Messrs. Brag & Brawley ; Giles & Scroggs, 1861-64; J. R.

Scroggs, 1864-69; W. T. Giles, 1869-73; C. C. Shuler & John W.

tFor Elgin papers see Le Baron's History of Kane County, p. 385.

33

Freeport, Stephenson Co. — Concluded

Potter, 1873-74; John W. Potter, 1874-85. O. T. Potter, 1885-94; H. Poffenberger, P. 0. Stiver, H. F. Rocky, 1894 to date. It was published weekly to 1877 then it became a daily. In its proclivities it has always been democratic.

Journal, 1848 to date; published by H. G. Grannan,and A. MeFadden, 1848-49; Mr. Grattan, 1849-51; Mr. Grattan & Hiram M. Shutz, 1851; Mr. Shutz & Mr. A. McFadden, 1851-53; Mr. Shutz, 1853- 56; C. K. Judson & C. W. McCluer, 1856-64; J. M. Bailey & R. V. Ankeny, 1864-66. In 1866 the Northivest, (established in 1865) was merged in the Journal and edited by J. S. McCall, J. M. Bailey and M. B. Mills, 1866; Mr. McCall, 1866-68; S. D. Atkins, 1868-73; Wm. B. Thomas, Dwight B. Breed and Charles R. Haws, *1873-75; S. D. Atkins & Co., 1875; A. N. Richards & Co., 1875 to date (1880). Messrs. Judson and McCluers issued a daily Journal from 1856 57, and in 1857 Mr. McCall began the issue of a daily which was discontinued after a period of nearly two years. With these exceptions the Journal has been a weekly. The Jour- nal espoused the cause of the Whig party and with its death took up the cause of the republican party.

Fulton, Whiteside Co.

Whiteside Investigator, 1854; mechanical part was managed by Mr. A. McFadden and it was edited by Judge James McCoy and John Phelps. It soon passed over to Mr. McFadden and G. A. Laighton. Subsequently Mr. Laighton became sole proprietor and changed its name to

Advertiser, : The editorial staff consisted of Dr. C A. Griswold

and Messrs. Grout and Lewis. In 1856 it favored Buchanan for

S'esident. After the campaign Mr. Greenleaf became editor, r. Laighton becoming financially embarassed, went East leaving- the paper in charge of an apprentice who soon stopped its publi- cation.

Weekly Courier, 1859 63: G. J. Booth and B. C. Golliday leased the establishment of the Advertiser from Mr. Laighton and began the Courier. After six months Mr. Booth obtained sole charge of the Courier, and in 1863 he purchased the establishment of __ Mr. Laighton and changed the name to

*Journal, 1863 to date, (1877): The Journal was conducted by Mr. Booth, 1863 66; Booth & Son, 1866-72; Geo. Terwilliger, 1872; Mr. Terwilliger, editor, and W. C. Snyder, publisher, 1872-76. In 1876 Mr. Snyder became sole owner and he leased it to Thomas J. Pickett. The paper has been an organ of the republican party.

Galena, Jo Daviess Co.

Miner's Journal, 1826-32: Its first editor was James Jones. In 1829 Mr. Jones associated with himself as editor Thomas Ford, after- wards Governor of Illinois. It was non-partisan as to politics. There is a complete file in the library of the Chicago Historical Society — there is also a file of the years 1829 30 in the Wisconsin State Historical Library. Dr. Philleo changed its name to

*For Preeport newspapers see Western Historical Publishing Co.'s History of Stephenson Co., p. 405.

*Por Pulton Newspapers see Bent's History of Whiteside Co., p. 171.

—3 H. L.

34

Galena, Jo Daviess Co. — Concluded.

Galenian, 1832-36: Edited by Addison Philleo. It was a democratic paper. There are seventeen numbers, 1834 35 in the Wisconsin State Historical Library, and there are a few numbers in the Danville Public Library. Changed to

Democrat, 1836-38 (?): Edited by Dr. Philleo and Geo. N. Palmer.

Advertiser and Upper Mississippi Herald, 1829 — : Edited by Horatio Newhall, Addison Philleo and Hooper Warren. Still (1859) a successful and popular paper in the hands H. H. Houghton (Boss' History of Ogle Co.. p. 30). It favored the election of John Reynolds as Governor of Illinois. There is a file of the daily issue from 1851 to 1856 in the Galena Public Library.

Northwestern Gazette, 1834 to date: Founded by Loring and Bartlett, but Mr. Loring soon withdrew. It was edited by Benjamin Mills, 1834-35, when he retired, leaving Mr. Bartlett alone. He associated with himself H. H. Houghton, who in 1838 became sole owner. He made it a tri weekly. In 1843 he sold to W. C. E. Thomas, but in 1845 he was again editor and in 1847 sole owner. In 1858 D. W. Scott purchased a third interest. In 1863 the office and paper were sold to James B. Brown and Geo. K. Shaw. Mr. Shaw soon withdrew and Mr. Brown became editor and proprietor. He has served in that capacity to date (1896). When the whig party died the paper took up the cause of the re- publican party. Since 1848 it has been issued daily. It is now the Galena Advertiser. Files are in the office, and from 1834 to August, 1848, in the Wisconsin State Historical Library.

Journal, 1838-40: Owned by a stock company and edited by W. C. Taylor and John Stark.

Star, 1840-41: Edited by Beriah Brown.

Sentinel, 1840-46: Edited by two men named McGrew, and later by Sweeney and Son. It was democratic in its sympathies.

Jeffersonian, 1845-55: Founded by H. A. and H. W. Tenney. Charles Sweeney was editor ard proprietor, 1847-52; Randall, Sanford & Co., 1852; Ray and Sanford, 1852-53; Ray and Scott, 1853-54; Scott, 1854. After a few months Mr. Scott sold a two-thirds in- terest to Mr. L. T. Leal and Charles Crouch. The Jeffersonian disappeared in 1855. The name indicates its politics.

Correspondent, (German), 1851-68: Issued for a year and a half from the office of the Jeffersonian. A German company was formed and the management of the paper was given to Mr. Slybold until 1854 or 1855, when he was succeeded by Messrs. Wuertenburg and Becket. They were succeeded by Mr. Pingle, 1862-68, when he sold the office to Von Kettler. Mr. Pingle changed the name to Deutche Zeitung,

^Courier, 1855-62: Published by Leal, Crouch & Co. The members of the company kept withdrawing until by 1860 Mr. Leal was alone. In 1861 he sold to E. R. Paul, who discontinued the daily. Mr. Paul sold to Mr. Bristol and he continued to publish the paper until the next year, when he sold to a company and we hear no more of the Courier. It gave its influence to the demo- cratic party.

*For Galena newspapers see Kett & Co.'s History of Jo Davies Co., p. 432.

35

•Galesburg, Knox.Co.

Knox Intelligencer, 1849-50: Edited by Rev. C. R. Fisk. It was non- partisan as to politics; favored Presbyterianism.

Northwestern Gazetteer, 1849-50 (?) : Edited by Southwick Davis. It favored Congregationalism and was neutral in politics.

News Letter, 1850-53: Edited by Gale, Bunce and Lanphere. It favored railroad construction. In 1852 in the hands of S. Q-. Cowan it appeared as the News Letter and Henry County News. It was for some time nonpartisan, but in the latter part of its ex- istence it somewhat favored the Free Soil doctrine.

Det Batta Hemlandet, 1856-62: An organ of the Lutherans.

Western Freeman, two months of 1853: It was an anti-slavery paper edited by J. W. Lane.

Free Democrat, 1854-65: An anti-slavery paper and after 1857 it was issued daily. The editors in their order were: Southwick Davis, W. H. Halcomb, B. F. Haskius, C. J. Sellon, J. H. Sherman. It changed names twice and owners very often. It finally ad- vocated the principles of democracy.

Hemlandt, 1855-to date (1878) : A Swedish Lutheran paper edited by Rev. T. N. Hasselquist. At that time it was the only Swedish newspaper in the United States. It was taken to Chicago after a time.

*Frihetsvannen, 1859-61.

O-alva, Henry Co.

Watchman, 1855-57: It was purchased by Judge Tillson, Dr. A. A. Dunn, U. M. Ayers and H. W. Wells and removed to Cambridge. Its name was changed to the Chronicle (which see).

Den Svenske Bepublikanen i Norra Amerika, 1856-57.

Geneseo, Henry Co.

Democratic Standard, 1855-56, 1857-58: Edited by James Bowie. The last year of its existence it favored democracy.

MepuUic, 1856 to date: First edited bv I. S. Hyatt, 1856-58; J. M. Allen and 0. A. Turner, 1858; Merritt Munson, 1858; Hobbs and Lewis, 1858-63. In November, 1863, Mr. Hobbs obtained en- tire control. At the same time Adam Liberknecht purchased the Advocate and the two papers were consolidated and became the Geneseo-Republic. The paper was republican.

* Christian Philosopher, 1858-59: Issued monthly and edited by Merritt Munson.

*^or Galesburg newspapers see Chapman & Co.'s History of Knox Co., p, 534. For Geneseo newspapers see Kett & Co.'s History of Henry Co., p, 514.

Geneva, Kane Co. .

Fox Rivfr Advocate, 1845: Published by Robert J. Thomas and H. Hough. Changed to

Star of West, 1845: Published by Thomas and Hough. Only twa issues were printed.

Western Mercury, 1847-51: Published by B. T. Wilson. Joseph Cockroft soon became a partner. Its publication was suspended from 1851-56 when it was changed to

Kane County Advertiser, 1856 65: Edited by B. T. Wilson and Mr. Cockroft, 1856-57; John Wilson, 1857-65 (?).

Geneva Republic. 1865-96. Among the editors of the Republic were S. L. Taylor, 1870-71; Tyrsell and Archer, 1871-73; McMaster, Archer and Wheeler, 1873-76; Mr. Archer, 1876-84; A. D. Hays, 1884-87; W. H. Howell & Co., 1887-89; J. E. Farrest, 1888-91; Chas. B. Mead, 1891 to date. This paper has been republican in sentiment. In 1896 it was called the

Twice a Week Republican.

Gospel Banner, 1857 : Edited by B. F. Wilson.

Girard, Macoupin Co.

Enterprise, 1857-59: Edited by Dr. Chrischfield, 1857-58; W. A. Solomon, 1858-59. Changed to

Guide, 1859-60: First editor was — — , and he was succeeded by Mr. Canfield. Changed to

News, 1860-61: Edited by Wm. E. Milton.

Grafton, Jersey Co.

Backwoodsman, 1837: Perry Mason was the proprietor and John Russell editor, 1837-39. In 1839 it was moved to Jerseyville, the county seat, (which see.).

Grand Detour, Ogle Co.

* Illinois Iribune, 1844: Edited by John W. Sweetland. It was the probable successor of the Rock River Register, Mt. Morris.

Grayville, White Co.

Neivs, 1853: Conducted by J. James Prather. James Stelle was editor of humorous portion. It was non-partisan. In 1854 it be- came the

Herald, 1854-59: At first a whig organ, then a republican. Started by J. J. Prather and in a short time he sold to F. C. Manley. In 1859 J. Ed Clarke, associate editor of the Herald for two or three years, leased the office of Mr. Manley and issued the

Independent, 1859 : Edited by Mr. Clarke, 1859-77; Clarke Bros.,

1877T87; Clarke & Son, 1887-97. It has been issued weekly. Files are in office.

*See Boss' History of Ogle Co.. p. 65.

37

Grayville, White Co.— Concluded.

Advocate, 1858 : Started by Henry Charles. After a short time

he sold to Mr. R. F. Stewart, who in turn sold out to John Craig. In the fall of 1859 the office and business was purchased by Mr. Geo. A. Malone, it having been previously removed to Carmi (see Carini). It favored democracy.

* 'Journal, 1856-58: Edited by Wm. Charles. In 1858 it was moved to Carmi and name changed to White County Advocate (which see).

Greenup, Cumberland Co.

Tribune, 1855-57: Published by Daniel Marks, 1855-56: Templeton and Bloomfield, 1856-57. It was moved to Prairie City.

t Expositor, 1859-60: Published by J. E. Mumford. It was also moved to Prairie City. It was a democratic paper of the Douglas stamp.

Greenville, Bond Co.

Protestant Monitor, 1845-48 (?): A religious paper published by E. M. Lathrop. (Some copies are in the Advocate office; see below.)

Journal, 1848 : Published by John Waite; J. T. Alexander later.

Barnburner (about 1849) : Published by J. T. Alexander. American Courier, 1856-58: Published by Oihniel Buchanan.

^Advocate, 1858 to date: Published by J. T. Alexander to 1860. (Copies of all these papers, except Barnburner, in office of Advo- cate.)

Hamilton Co. (These papers were probably published at McLeausborough.)

The first printing done in Hamilton county was by James P. Stelle, who made a wooden press and whittled out a font or two of type.

News, 1855 : A weekly paper edited by J. D. Moody. Changed to

^Sucker, which was edited by A. J. Alden. In all, six volumes were published. In 1860 Mr. Alden sold the Sucker to J. W. Meador, who changed the name to the Hamilton Express.

Hamilton, Hancock Co

\\Eepresentative, 1859-60: Edited by Thos. Gregg. Harrisburg, Saline Co.

Chronicle, 1859 to date (1887) : Edited by John T. Conover, 1859-67; J. F. Burks, 1867-70; Mr. Conover again, 1870-73; Conover & Pickett, 1873-76; J. W. Richardson, 1876; Mr. Pickett, 1876-78; Harrisburg Printing Co., 1878-81; Oley and Richardson by lease from Mr. Pickett, 1881-85; Mr. Pickett. 1885 to date (1887). In 1873 the Chronicle absorbed the Saline County Register, which was established by F. M. Pickett in 1869. The Chronicle is a repub- lican paper, becoming so, after various changes, in 1878. (See Goodspeed Publishing Co.'s History of Gallatin, Saline, etc., Counties, p. 208.)

*For Grayville newspapers see Interstate Publishing Co.'s History of White County, p- 475.

tSee History of Cumberland and Jasper Counties by F. A. Batty & Co. tFor Greenville newspapers see History of Bond and Montgomery Cos.. W. H. Perrin. §For Hamilton Co. papers see Goodspeed Publishing Co.'s History of Gallatin, Saline- etc.. Counties, p. 299.

liSee Gregg's History of Hancock Co., p. 396.

38

Havana, Mason Co.

Mason County Herald, 1851-57: Edited and published by McKenzie- & Roberts, 1851-53; 0. H. Wright, 1853; E. L. Grubb, 1853; Stout & Weeden, 1853; Mr. Stout soon became sole editor and proprie- tor.

*Squatter Sovereign, 1859-61: James M. Davidson was its editor.

Hennepin, Putnam Co.

Journal, 1837-38: Edited by Dr. Wilson Everett.

Genius of Universal Emancipation, 1845: It was moved to Lowell.

Herald, 1845-48: Edited by Philip Lynch.

^Tribune, 1856-59: Edited by Birney and Duncan. Henry, Marshall Co.

Courier, 1852-66: Edited by R. H. Ruggles, 1852-63; C. S. and J. D. Woodward, 1863-66. It was published weekly. Changed to

Republican. 1866 : Edited by George Burt and Mr. Woodward,

' 1866-68; Mr. Burt, 1868 . File, 1852-63, in possession of Mark

Ruggles, Mendota, 111.; also one in office.

Highland, Madison Co.

Erzaechler, 1859: Edited by Rud Stadtman aud John Harlen, Changed to

Bote, 1859-69: Edited by Volege and Weis, 1859-63; Timothy Gruez, 1863-68; B. E. Hoffman and Maurice Huggy, 1868769? Hoffman took the press and material to Edwardsville and it became the Madison County Bote. Mr. Hoffman was editor, 1869-70; E. G. Wolf and Frank Haag. 1870-73. In 1873 it was suspended. It was in sympathy with democratic principles.

Hillsboro, Montgomery Co.

Prairie Beacon, 1838-39: First publishers, Hay ward & Holmes, and edited by Aaron Clapp.

Prairie Mirror, 1850-56: A weekly paper of whig sympathies, pub- lished by Gilmore Bros., and edited by Francis Springer, 185(5-51, In the reconstruction of political parties, the Mirror became the exponent of the Know-Nothing party. Mr. Dickerson, as editor and proprietor, 1854-56, changed the name to

Montgomery County Herald, 1856-68: Published by James Blackman; later by J. W. Kitchell and F. H. Gilmpre to 1860. From 1858-60- it was an independent paper. In 1860 it was sold to Davis, Tur- ner & Co., who ran it through the campaign as a democratic paper. In 1868, it came into the possession of E. C. J. Alexan- der, who changed its name to

Hillsboro Democrat. Claiming to be a democratic paper, it was in ful accord with the farmers' movement. In 1874 it became The Anti-Monopolist — a zealous exponent of the "Granger Move- ment." Mr. Alexander again changed its name to Hillsboro Blade— a republican paper. He sold it to James L. Slack, who changed the name to the

*For Havana newspapers see Baskin & Co.'s History of Menard and Mason Co., p. 454. tFor Hennepin papers, see Ellsworth's History of Putnam and Marshall Cos., p. 206.

39

Hillsboro Journal. In 1881 Charles R. Truitt became its editor and publisher.

Illinois Free Press, 1859 : A republican paper, edited by D. W.

Munn; later by J. B. Hutchinson and James Munn. It was sus- pended and began as

* Union Monitor in 1863. Editors and proprietors: John W. Kitchell,

1863-1865; J. E. Henry . Mr. Alexander was for a time

proprietor, but he sold to B. S. Hood. It was removed to Litch- field and became the Litchfield Monitor, which has been edited of late years by S. W. Kessinger.

Homer, Champaign Co.

Journal, 1859 : It was edited by George Knapp for a company

of citizens until he entered the army. In 1865 John W. Summers resuscitated the Journal, which soon passed into the hands of W. H. Rhodes. Mr. Rhodes was succeeded by John S, Harper, who continued it until 1870. Mr. Harper was continually moving the office from place to place in the county. (See Brink. McDon- ough's History of Champaign Co., p. 43).

Huntsville, Crawford Co.

Wdbash Sentinel, 1852-53: A politically independent paper published by Geo. W. Cutler. Changed to

Journal, 1853-54: It was a republican paper under the control of E. Callahan.

^Crawford Banner, 1857-58: A non-partisan paper edited by W. F. Rubottom. It was moved to Palestine, (which see).

Illinoistown, St. Clair Co.

t American Bottom Eeporter, 1842 : Published by Vital Jarrott

&Co.

Jacksonville, Morgan Co.

Illinois Potriot, 1831 : It was a whig paper edited by J. G.

Edwards, who later founded the Burlington Hawkeye. The Patriot was published weekly. Mr. Edwards was succeeded by Governor Dunoan. In 1838, Josiah M. Lucas became its owner and he changed it to the

Illinoisan: It was first edited by Buckner and Hardin and after- wards by Mr. Lucas himself until 1843.

Illinois State Gazette and Jacksonville Netvs, 1835 :

Standard. It was contemporaneous with the Illinoisan. Published by S. S. Brooks. After two years its publication ceased. Its sympathies were with the democrat party.

Morgan Journal, 1845 to date (1885): It was a weekly whig paper edited and published by W. C. Swett and J. B. Shaw. In 1858 it became the Jacksonville Journal under the management of Wm. H. Collins. H. Borden was its editor, 1861-64; Ironmonger and Mendenball, 1864.

Constitutionalist, 1850 : Its editors were Dr. E. R. Roe; T. H.

Kavenaugh; John M. Taggart. A daily was tried for awhile but failed .

* For Hillsboro newspapers, see History of Bond and Montgomery Co., by W. H. Perrin. t For Huntsville newspapers see Perrin's History of Crawford and-Clark counties, p. So. JSee Boss' History of Illinois Newspapers, p. 40.

40

Sentinel, 1855-76: Edited by J. R. Baily, 1855-73; Fanning and Par- adice, 1873-74; Mr. Martin 1874-76. It was published weekly and advocated the cause of first the Whigs and next the Republicans. Name changed to

*Courier, 1876 to date: Edited by J. D. Prim & Co., 876-82; Dozing and Hamilton, 1882-86, and from 1886-92 Mr. Gore was a partner; G. E. Dozing 1892 to date. The Courier has favored the republi- can party. The files in the office are incomplete.

Jerseyville, Jersey Co.

Backwoodsman (see Grafton), 1837-42: Published at Grafton by Perry Mason, 1837-39. Edited by A. S. Tilden, 1840-42. Changed to

Newspapers, 1842-56: Edited by Flitcher and Parenteau, 1842-54; Thomas Wright, 1854-56. Changed to

Democratic Union, 1856-66: A democratic paper edited by H. H. Howard, 1857-58; J. C. Doblebower, 1858-65; A. C. Smith, 1865-66. Its publication was suspended for a brief time, 1856-57. Changed to

Jersey County Democrat,l8QQ : T. J. Selly was its editor, 1866-69;

Wheelock.and Burr, 1869-70; Berdsall and McGready, 1870-71; J. J. McGready, 1871-80; J. M. Page, 1880 to date (1885). The Democrat was published weekly. Files are in office since 1865.

t Prairie State, 1857-64: In 1860 the Republican Club of Jersey county purchased the Prairie State of A. S. Smith then editor and proprietor. A. C. Clayton edited the paper for the club, 1860-62; Laubson Williams, 1862 to 1863 or 64 when it came to an end.

Joliet, Will Co.

Courier, 1839-43: A democratic paper started by thirteen citizens of Joliet. Its editor and printer was 0. H. Balch. After many changes it passed over to D. L. Gregg and W. P. Hudson. In 1843 it was purchased by Wm. E. Little, who changed it to

Signal, 1843 to date: Published by Judge S. W. Randall, 1844-45; A. 0. Stillman, 1845-46; in 1846 it was sold to the ''Zarley boys," one of whom still holds an interest in it. It favored democratic principles. There are three numbers of volume one of the Courier on file in the Joliet Public Library.

True Democrat, 1847-64: Published by Alexander Mclntosh, 1847-49; H. N. Marsh, 1849-52; Mr. Mclntosh, 1852-57. In 1857 Mr. Mcln- tosh sold out to Joseph L. Braden, who changed the name to

^Republican, 1864 to date (1878) : Mr. Mclntosh conducted it until his death in 1869. From 1869 to date (1878), James Goodspeed was the publisher. The Trite Democrat was a weekly, and advo- cated the principles and policies of the Whig party. Upon the death of that party it took up with equal zeal the cause of the Republican party.

* For Jacksonville newspapers see Eames' History of Morgan County, pp. 78,80,85,88,97, 119, 127, 155, 158.

tFor Jerseyville papers see Continental Historical Co.'s History of Green and Jersey counties, p. 127.

JFor Joliet newspapers see Le Baron's History of Will Co., p. 389.

41

Jonesboro, Union Co.

Gazette, 1849 : A weekly democratic paper edited by Thomas J.

Finley and John Evans. They sold it to H. E. Hempstead, who conducted it for nearly two years, and then John Grear appeared as editor, 1855-57. When it passed into the hands of Governor Dougherty, it espoused the cause of democracy as represented by Stephen A. Douglas, but later it supported the principles of the Breckenridge wing. The paper was next sold to a joint stock company, and edited by Mr. McKinney. About the breaking out of the war it came under the control again of Mr. Evans. In 1861 he sold it to Wm. Jones and shortly after it was suppressed for treason, which consisted mainly in the fact that it was a demo- cratic paper. The order of suppression was soon revoked and its publication was revived by Joel G. Morgan. In 1864 he sold it to J. D. Ferryman. During the greater part of its existence it was edited by Dr. Sidney S. Camden.

*Union County Democrat, 1858: It was established by a joint stock company and edited by A. H. Marscholk. It was a Douglas paper intended to counteract the influence of the Gazette, which was then an anti-Douglas organ. After the election of 1858 the office was moved to Anna.

Kankakee, Kankakee Co.

Gazette, 1853 : Edited by A. Chester, 1853-56; D. S. Parker, 1856-

69. In the absence of Mr. Parker, as a soldier during the Civil War, Mr. J B. Atkinson conducted and edited the paper. For a brief period Mr. W. F. Keady was associated with Parker. In 1869 Mr. Parker sold to Charles Holt. The first numbers of the Gazette were published in Chicago by the Chicago Journal Co., there being no place yet built in Kankakee where a press could be set up. This continued for a few weeks only, when a press and types were sent to Kankakee, and for a time the work was done in the open air under the shade of a friendly tree.

^Democrat, 1856-62: Edited for a short time by Cyrus B. Ingham and H. Austin; next by Messrs. Austin and James Green. This part- nership was soon dissolved and Hon. A. C. Lake assumed the ed- itorship. Mr. Lake sold to B. A. Fuller, who conducted the paper through the Buchanan campaign. Mr. Fuller sold to W. N. Bris- tol, who continued to edit and publish it until 1859, when J. B. and Gabriel Durham purchased it. Messrs. Durham published it until 1862, when they joined the army and its publication ceased.

Kaskaskia, Randolph Co.

Illinois Herald, 1809 or 14-1817: (Authorities differ as to the date of its establishment. However the weight of authority seems to favor 1814.) It was the first paper in Illinois; published by Matthew Duncan to 1815; Robert Blackwell and Daniel P. Cook, 1815-17. In 1817 Elijah C. Berry became a co-editor. In the hands of Blackwell and Cook, State printers, the name was changed to

Western ^ Intelligencer, 1816-18: In 1820 they moved it to Vandalia (which see). It was published weekly. Following are the files in the St. Louis Mercantile Library:

*For Jonesboro newspapers see Perrin's History of Alexander, Union and Pulaski Cos., p. 318.

tFor Kankakee newspapers see Beers & Co.'s Atlas of Kankakee County, p. 12.

42

Kaskaskia, Randolph Co. — Concluded.

1816.

Vol. 1 runs from May 15, 1816. to May 21, 1817. The volume is in- complete, lacking July 2, 16; Sept. 12, 19, 26; Oct. 9, 16.

1817.

For the year 1817 there is lacking Feb. 26; May 28; June 4, 11, 18, 25; July 2 to Sept. 3.

1818.

From January-May 20 the file is complete excepting Feb. 18. With the issue of May 27 it became the

Illinois Intelligencer, 1818 : As usual it was published weekly.

The files for 1818 and 1819 are complete, except for March 31, 1819, in the St. Louis Mercantile Library.

Republican Advocate, 1822-24: It was a pro-convention paper first published by R. K. Fleming; next by E. K. Kane who was elected in 1824 as United States Senator from Illinois. It seems that with this event the publication was suspended for a brief period. R. K. Fleming, the owner, revived it as the

Recorder, 1825-26: In 1826 he moved the press and fixtures to Van- dalia and in 1827 removed them to Edwardsville and began the Illinois Corrector, (which see). In 1829 Mr. Fleming was again established in Kaskaskia and continued to publish the Recorder until 1833.

Randolph Free Press, 1832: Published by R. K. Fleming.

*Republican, 1840-49: Published at first by James Fitzsimmons. He was followed by Wm. E. Jones who suspended its publication in 1844. It was revived in 1846 by Parson Percy and a Mr. Wallace. From them it passed to Peter W. Baker and then to B. J. F. Hanna who removed it to Chester as the Herald (which see).

Keithsburg, Mercer Co.

Observer, 1856-58: It was independent as to politics, edited by Col. Patterson. Changed to

Mercer County Democrat, 1858-59: A democratic paper edited by W. R. Calhoun.

^Northern Illinois Commercial, 1859 — short lived: A commercial com- pany secured Mr. Calhoun as editor.

*For Kaskaskia papers see Davidson & Stuve's History of Illinois, p. 353.

See Moses' History of Illinois, pp. 320, 392;

See also Boss' History of Illinois Newspapers, p. 37:

See also Brink McDonough's History of Randolph. Monroe and Perry counties, p. 1931.

t For Keithsburg newspapers see Hill's History of Mercer and Henderson counties, p. 137.

43

Kewanee, Henry Co.

Henry County Dial, 1855-70: It was run by citizens of Kewanee until September, 1855, when Mr. C. Bassett became its owner. In June, 1856, he sold it to J. H. Howe and H. M. Patrick. Novem- ber 13, 1856, Mr. Howe sold his interest to his partner, who asso- ciated Mr. 0. White with himself as editor. Mr. White withdrew January 8, 1857. Mr. Patrick conducted it alone 1857-58; Mr. L. D. Bishop, 1858-60. Mr. J. E. Wheeler was editor from 1858 or 1859 until 1866. He was succeeded by Hiram Wyatt who asso- ciated with himself Mr. Shurtleff during the campaign of 1868. Geo W. Wilson soon became editor and proprietor and he sold to N. W. Fuller who changed the name to the Kewanee Radical. The paper was discontinued in 1870.

*Tenney, Hardy & CoSs Advertiser, 1856-63: It was published monthly. Issued the first year by Tenney, Hardy & Co., then by Mr. C. 'Bassett.

Knoxville, Knox Co.

Journal, 1849-56(?): It was independent as to politics. Edited by John S. Winter under the firm name of Winter & Collins, 1849-52; Mr. Winter sole editor and proprietor 1852-55; John Regan 1855 — . Under Mr. Regan it became a democrat paper.

^Knox Republican, 1856 to date: It first suggested Lincoln for presi- dent. First edited by John Regan and then by John S. Winter. Beatty and Robinson were editors and proprietors in 1858. Mr. Beatty retired from firm leaving W. T. Robinson alone who sold to F. A. Lanstrum in 1875. Shortly it came into possession of its present (1878) editor and publisher, O. L. Campbell.

Lacon, Marshall Co.

Herald became in 1839 the

Illinois Gazette, which was changed in 1866 to the

Home Journal, and later the

Journal. It was a weekly paper supporting at first whig principles and afterward republican principles. Edited by A. N. Ford, 1837-58; Joshua Allen, 1858-66; Spencer Ellsworth, 1866-85; Spencer Ellsworth, Jr., 1885-96: W. B. Powell, 1896 to date. Files are in possession of W. H. Ford, Lacon, and of Spencer Ellsworth, National Stock Yards, St. Clair Co.

Herald, 1850 : Editors — Jesse Lynch, J. W. Mason, Chandler and

Golhday. Mr. P. K. Barrett was editorial successor of Mr. Chandler. It was an advocate of democracy. Changed to

Sentinel, 1854: Also a democratic paper. Changed to

* Intelligencer, 1854 : Editors, — John Harney, 1854-57; Ira Norris,

1857-69; Wm. French, 1869 ; Mr. French sold to Myers and

Bell and the name became the

Illinois Statesman.

*For Kewanee newspapers see Kett & Co.'s History of Henry County, p. 182. tFor Knoxville newspapers see Chapman & Co.'s History of Kuox County, p. 539. }For Lacon newspapers see Ellsworth's History of Putnam and Marshall Counties, pp-354-55.

44

LaHarpe, Hancock Co.

Hancock Democrat, 1853: Edited by Dr. Rankin, who run it a few months and bold to Thadeus Clark and Wesley H. Manier. He moved it to Carthage and established The Republican. (See War- saw Commercial Journal.)

*Star of the West, 1858 or '59 — short-lived: Published by Henry King and Frank Nash.

Lane now Bochelle, Ogle Co.

Leader, 1858-61: Published by John R. Howlett, 1858-61. Changed to

Patriot, 1861-62: It was edited by Prof. James A. Butterfield. Its publication was suspended and in 1863 it was revived as the

^Register and continues to date ( 1878) .

LaSalle, LaSalle Co.

Standard, 1851 — continued about a year: Mr. C. C. Bonney and W. H. Powell, editors, and H. W. Underbill, publisher.

Herald, 1852-54: Published and edited by Daniel Evans. It appeared weekly and its columns were devoted to the interests of the dem- ocratic party. It became the

Journal, 1854-58: Edited by J. A. Kirkpatrick. It was moved to Peru.

Watchman, 1852-55: It first appeared weekly and afterwards semi- weekly. It was a whig paper, published by E. T. Bridges. It was discontinued in November, 1855, having been sold to E. C. Webster, who changed it to the

Press, 1856-83: Started by Charles Boynton and E. C. Webster. After December 10, 1856, to 1883, it was run by Mr. Webster alone, except from 1858-60, when R. C. Stevens was a partner. Independent as to politics until May, 1856, when it became an organ of republicanism. In 1883 Mr. Webster sold to A. J. Red- dick, who began the

Democrat-Press.

Independent began its existence August 6, 1853, under the editorship of T. S. Seybold & Co. It had a short life.

^Democrat Standard, 1858.-60: Published by T. K. Barrett.

Lawrenceville, Lawrence Co.

Star Spangled Banner, 1847 48: A non-political paper under the edi- torship of J. F. Buntin. Changed to

American Banner, 1848-56: Mr. Buntin moved it to Olney, from Olney to Russelville and then back to Lawrenceville. Changed to

Lawrenceville Banner, 1856-58: Still edited by Mr. Buntin, who changed the name to

*For LaHarpe newspapers, see Gregg's History of Hancock Co., p. 369.

tFor Lane newspapers, see Chapman & Co.'s History of Ogle Co., p. 453.

I For LaSalle newspapers, see Interstate Publishing Co.'s History of LaSalle Co., p. 368.

45

Lawrencevlile, Lawrence Co. — Concluded.

Western Globe, 1858-68: At first it was edited by H. C. McCleave'and D. L. Brewer, who made it a democrat paper. Mr. Buntin finally became possessed of it and associated with him for a time Nat. Lander. Mr. Buntin made it a republican paper and called it th&

*Lawrence County Globe. In 1868 he took it to Cumberland county.

Lebanon, St. Glair Co.

Illinois Advocate, 1848-52: A religious paper published under the direction of the Trustees of McKendree College; edited by E. Wentworth and others.

Literary Gem, 1855-56: Published by Collins Van Cleve. It was given over to republicanism.

Lewistown, Fulton Co.

Fulton Banner, 1843-45: Published by Billimise & Conner.

Republican, 1844-54: Edited by Hugh Lamaster. It was a whig paper and favored Clay's election to the presidency.

Illinois Public Ledger, 1850-54: It was issued weekly and was first edited by S. S. Brooks, later by C. E. Griffith. Joseph Dyckes was its proprietor. Moved to Canton, (which see).

Democrat, 1855 to date: Its name indicates its politics. The first editor was J. M. Davidson, 1855-58; Davidson Bros, for a brief time in 1858; Wm. T. Davidson, 1858-79.

t Fulton Gazette, 1845-46: Published by Charles McDowell and J. M, Davidson.

Lincoln, Logan Co.

Herald, 1855 to date : It has been issued weekly. It was founded and edited by Mondy and Fuller, 1855-56; Joseph Reed, 1856-57; 0. C. Dake for a joint stock company of twelve persons, 1857-60; A. B. McKenzie had a controlling interest, 1860-63; J. C. Webster, 1863- 66; Andrew McGalliard, 1866-73; Smith and Mills, 1873-77; Mr. Mills, 1877 .

Logan County Democrat, 1856 : Controlled by a joint stock com- pany, 1856-64; Samuel Johnson from 1864 until he sold it to J. C. Webster, who merged it into the Herald. Under Mr. Johnson it was known as the

\Logan County Courier.

Litchfleld, Montgomery Co.

Journal, 1857-63: Issued weekly and edited by H. A. Coolidge. Changed to

Democrat, 1863 — — :

* For Lawrenceville newspapers, see Brink. McDoncmgrh's History of Wabash, Lawrence and Edwards Co., p. 135.

tFor Lewistown newspapers, see Chapman & Co.'s History of Fulton Co.

tFor Lincoln newspapers see Donnelly, Lloyd & Co.'s History of Logan county, p. 281.

46

Little Fort, Lake Co.

*Porcupine and Democratic Banner, 1845-47: Edited by A. B. Win- coop.

Little Rock, Kendall Co.

tPress: This paper was begun in February, 1854, and continued three months; edited by Charles S. Fisk. Moved to Mendota (which see).

Lockport, "Will Co.

Will County Telegraph, 1848 : Edited by H. M. Fuller, 1848-49;

Judge Parks and published by Mr. Fuller, 1849-50; John M. Moon was editor for citizens who owned it, 1850; Dr. Daggett, who was for a few months assisted by Mrs. P. W. B. Carothers, 1850-57. The paper underwent several changes in proprietors.

Lowell, LaSalle Co.

The Genius of Universal Emancipation, 1838-40: Published by Benja- min Lundy. Changed to

%Genius of Liberty, 1840 : Published by Hooper Warren and Ze-

bina Eastman, and moved by Mr. Eastman to Chicago in 1842. It was continued as the Western Citizen by Mr. Eastman till 1855, when it was purchased by Mr. Medill and became the weekly cir- culation of the Chicago Tribune. (See Western Citizen of Chi- cago.)

Macomb, McDonough Co.

McDonough Independent, 1851 : A democratic newspaper edited

by G. W. Smith and published by Theodore L. Terry. Changed to

McDonough Independent and Democratic Review, and on September 14, 1855, it was changed to the

McDonouqh Democrat, 1855-57: When it became the Democrat R. M. Royalty became a partner with Mr. Smith. Mr. Royalty retired in 1856 and Mr. Smith continued its publication until the next year.

Enterprise, 1855-60: Established by T. S. Clarke and D. G. Swan with L. H. Waters as editor. Mr. Clarke soon withdrew. In 1855 its publication was discontinued a few weeks, when B. R. Hamp- ton became editor. In 1857 Mr. Swan retired and firm became Hampton and Fowler, 1857-59. When, in 1860, Mr. J. W. Nichols became proprietor he changed the name to

Military Tract Journal, 1860-61: James K. Magie purchased a half- interest and the name became the

*See Le Baron & Co.'s History of Lake County, p. 233.

tFor Little Rock newspapers see Hick's History of Kendall County, p. 280.

JFor Lowell newspapers see Kett & Co.'s History of LaSalle County, pp. 288-89.

47

Macomb, McDonough Co.— Concluded.

* Journal, 1861 to date: Edited by Mr. Nichols, 1862-64. He sold (1864) his interest to Mr. Magie, and T. S. Clarke became editor soon, assisted by C. L. Sanders. Mr. Magie appeared as editor, 1865; B. R. Hampton, 1865 70; Mr. Hampton and W. H. Hainline, 1870-81; Mr. Hainline, 1881 to date. There is a complete file in the office of the Journal except the first year it was the Enterprise. It started out a whig paper, but soon became republican in its sympathies.

Marengo, McHenry Co.

Journal. 1852-57: It was published by Edward Burnside. Its succes- sor was the

t Weekly Press, with a few years' existence.

Marion, Williamson Co.

Literary Monitor, 1850 : An organ of democracy published by W.

H. Wileford.J

i Intelligencer, 1854 : A democratic paper.

Marshall, Clark Co.

Illinois State Democrat, 1848-53: A democratic organ established by John M. Crane and Nathan Willard — Mr. Crane withdrawing soon after the paper was established. In 1853 Mr. Willard sold the paper to Mr. J. C. Robinson and Jacob Zimmerman, who also purchased the

Teleqraph (1852-53: A republican paper), and the name of the com- bined journals became the

Eastern Illinoisan, 1853 : From 1856 to 1861, S. S. Whitehead

was proprietor. For a few months in 1861 it was run by H. H. Peyton, who finally entered the army and Mr. Whitehead was forced to assume control. He continued its publication until 1865 when it was purchased by John Littlefield and its publication sus- pended for thirteen years. After its revival it became a demo- cratic newspaper.

Mattoon, Coles Co.

National Gazette, 1856-68: A weekly paper started by Houghton and Spencer. With one short intermission Mr. Houghton conducted the paper until 1859 when he sold to Mclntyre and Woods. Shortly after the firm name appeared as Harding (W. P.) and Mclntyre. A third time Mr. Houghton secured an interest in the Gazette which he held when killed in a battle of the civil war. In 1865 the paper came under the charge of W. P. and J. 0. Hard- ing— brothers; Harding and Bostwick, 1866-67. In 1867 it was bought by some citizen democrats and its name changed to the

*For Macomb newspapers see Continental Publishing Co.'s History of McDonough County, p. 502.

tFor Marengo newspapers see Interstate Publishing Co.'s History of McHenry County, p. 304.

JMr. Wileford brought the first printing1 press to the county about the year 1838, and upon the organization of the county and for years thereafter, he did all the official printing.

?Por Marion newspapers see Goodspeed's History of Gallatin, Saline, etc.. Counties, p 506.

48

Mattoon, Coles Co. — Concluded.

Democrat. They soon disposed of the paper to Taylor and Brown who changed it to

Clarion. They, in a short time, stopped its publication. Mr. Leonidas Chapin, of Mattoon, has a few copies.

Mendota, La Salle Co.

Press, 1854 : Published by C. E. Fiske (see Little Rock).

Observer, 1856-62: Established by unknown parties, but was run for a time by Col. J. B. S. Bond; by Messrs. Crooker and Beck; R. H. Ruggles who gave it the name it now (1886) bears — The Bulle- tin. It was a republican paper.

*Democrat, 1858-59: A German paper established by Franz Meisen- bach and Gabriel Pool.

Metamora, Woodford Co.

Woodford Sentinel, 1854 : The first issue was printed in Peoria.

It was thought to be such a great enterprise that when brought over to Metamora, a copy was hoisted on a pole, like a flag, the streets paraded, and a regular "war dance" held around it. Mr. Shepherd was its first proprietor. George L. Hart was for a long time editor and one of its proprietors and in 1877 became sole proprietor. It was conducted in the interest of the democratic party.

Middleport, Iroquois Co.

Iroquois Journal, 1851-54: A whig paper published weekly. Edited by J. A. Graham, 1851-54. In 1854 Mr. Graham sold it to Wm. T. Ready and Benjamin Scott, who changed it to

Iroquois County Press, 1854-55: It now became democratic in its sympathies. In 1855 Mr. Keady bought out Mr. Scott and called it the

Weekly Press, 1855-65: Mr. Scott conducted it till 1857; Joseph Thomas and Roy W. Andrews, 1857-58; Hon. John Chamberlain,

1858 . Its editors successively were Harmon Westbrook and

Caleb Pink, 1857-58; Michael Hagle, 1858-64; Geo. J. Harrington, 1864-65.

Investigator, about six months of 1855: It was published by Richard Taliaferro and James H. Graham. Its sympathies were for de- mocracy. Publication irregular.

t Iroquois Republican, 1856-68 or '72: After several changes Graham (J. A.) and Vennum appear at the end of the year as publishers. Edited by Dr. Jesse Bennett and Dr. Franklin Blades, 1856-57: Dr. Blades. 1857-59; Andrew Robertson. 1859. After many changes both in publishers and editors the office was moved by A. G. Smith to Watseka (which see).

Moline, Bock Island Co.

Workman, 1854-57: Edited by Amos Smith. Changed to

Independent, 1857-62: Edited by Graham and Webster; Graham and J. A. Keck. It was joined with the Mock Island Register to form the Union. It was issued weekly.

* For Mendota newspapers see Interstate Publishing Co.'s History of La Salle Co., D. 372. t For Middleport newspapers see Beckwith's History of Iroquois Co., p. 35.

49

Monmouth, Warren Co.

Review, 1855 to date: It was issued weekly, 1855-87; semi-weekly ,- 1887-90; and daily from 1890 to the present. Its founder was A. H. Swain, who was the editor, 1855 to 1886; H. K. Moffett, 1880 to date. Democratic. Complete files in Warren County Library, Monmouth.

• Democrat, 1852-53: Published weekly by Hosea & Ashton.

Atlas, 1845 to date: Edited and managed by C. K. Smith, assisted for a short time by E. S. Byron and F. K. Smith, 1845-57; John S. Clark, 1857-6p ; Mr. Clark and J. H. Reed, 1865-69; Mr. Clark & Son, with unimportant exceptions, 1869 to date (1877). Republi- can. There is a complete tile in the Warren County Library, Monmouth.

Monticello, Piatt Co.

Times, 1856-58: Issued weekly; edited by J. D. Mondy, who was suc- ceeded by J. C. Johnson. He sold to James Outten, who re- ceived Mr. Hassett as a partner. Changed to

Piatt Democrat, 1858-62: Edited by W. A. Gilliland, 1858-60; J. C. Johnson, 1860-62. Changed to

Conservative, 1862-64: At first edited by Thomas Milligan, who was succeeded by W. E. Lodge. Changed to

Piatt County Union, 1864-65: Edited by M. A. Bates. Changed to Independent, 1865-74: Edited by J. M. Holmes. Changed to

Bepublican, 1874-76: At the end of three years, Mr. Holmes sold to Mr, Wagner, who immediately sold to H. B. Funk in 1876, and he changed its name to

Bulletin, 1876 to date: Edited by Mr. Funk, 1876-82; Mize Bros., 1882-84; Mr. Funk, 1884785; C. N. Walls, 1885-88; Wm. E. Kiebs,. 1888 to date. The files in the office are incomplete.

Morris, Grundy Co.

Yeoman, 1852-54: Edited by J. C. Walters. Changed to

Herald, 1854 to date: Edited by Mr. Southard, 1854-64; C. G. Perry,

who soon took Mr. Turner in partnership, 1804 : Gen. P. C.

Hayes, 1874-76; Hayes & Fletcher, 1876 to date (1882). Fora short time it was known as Herald and Advertiser.

*Oazette, 1853-55: Edited by A. J. Ashton. It was purchased by the proprietors of the Herald. During its existence it advocated dem- ocratic ideas.

Mound City, Pulaski Co.

^National Emporium, 1856-60: Edited by Dr. Z. Casterline and pub^ lished by J. Walter Waugh. They were succeeded by Moses B. Harrell as editor and John A. Waugh as publisher. Mr. Harrell withdrew in 1859 and Mr. Waugh became also its editor. He con- tinued its publication until 1860, when it was discontinued.

*For Morris newspapers, see Baskin & Co.'s History of Grundy Co., p. 160.

t For Mound City papers, see Perrin's History of Alexander, Union and Pulaski Cos, p. 564.

—4 H. L.

50

Mt. Carmel, Wabash Co.

Sentinel and Wabash Advocate, 1834-39: Edited by Horace Roney, 1834-35; Edward Baker, 1835-36; Richard Beck, with 0. B. Ficklin as an assistant, 1836-39.

Register, 1839 to date: Edited and published by J. S. Powers, who was succeeded by Ezra B. Meeney; Geo. B. Backus, 1841, for seven years; Frank Fuller; Fuller & Hutchinson; W. D. Jackson,

1848 ; S. S. Luken; Victor B. and Robert Bell; The9. S.

Powers, 1852 : Frank C. Manley, with Judge Green as editor;

Mr. Green made it republican, it being a whig paper. In 1862 Geo. W. Douglas made it a democratic organ and Richard Beck changed it back. In 1867 Mr. Green, at public auction, purchased it, but Mr. Beck continued to publish it until sold to J. P. M. Calvo. It was suspended for an interval, 1867-68. Messrs. Wade & Cape revived it in 1868. They soon sold it to C. I. Wilmans, who ran it until 1870, when he sold to T. J. Groves. In a few weeks Mr. Groves passed it back to Mr. Wilmans. J. H. Wil- mans was editor, 1871; Wilmans and Havill, 1872-75; Frank W. Hayill, 1875 to date (1883). Under the Bell Bros, the paper was non-partisan. In 1878 Mr. Havill made it an exponent of demo- cratic principles.

Wabash Republican, 1840-41: Edited by W. D. Latshaw. Greenbrier, 1840 — a brief existence: Edited by J. S. Powers. Ploioboy, 1844 — a brief existence: Edited by Valentine Miller.

*Wabash Democrat, 1844-46: Edited by W. E. Latshaw. It failed in the hands of Austin Brooks and Finney D. Preston.

Mt. Carroll, Carroll Co.

Tribune, 1851 — a few months: Published by Dr. J. L. Hostetter.

Republican, 1852-59(?) : Established by J. P. Emmert and he sold to H. G. Grattau, 1853-55: D. H. Wheeler, 1855-57; D. B. Emmert — ; J. L. Hostetter and E. C. Cochran. It was consolidated, under Cochran and English, with the Intelligencer, but they were soon separated. It was last owned by Mrs. Skinner and Miss Gregory and edited by Silvernail and Ladd.

Intelligencer, , 1860: Published by George English.

^Mirror, 1858 to date: Published by Alexander Windle and I. V. Hollinger to 1865; J. M. Adair, 1865-74; Joseph F. Allison,1874-75; W. D. Hughes and A. B. Hollinger, 1875; Mr. Hollinger, 1875 to date (1878). It is a republican paper.

Mt. Morris, Ogle Co.

Rock River Register, 1842-43: It was established by friends of Rock River Seminary; edited by Emanuel Knodle, who was succeeded by D. C. Duubar; published by Mr. Stephens and Jonathan Knodle. It attempted to be non-partisan, but became whig in its sentiments. In 1843 it was moved to Grand Detour, and was dis- continued.

Gazette, 1850-53: Edited by Prof. D. J. Pinckney and published by J. F. Grash. In 1851, Brayton, Baker <fc Co. appeared as pub- lishers. C. C. Allen and S. D. Atkins moved it to Savanna, 111.

*For Mt. Carmel papers, see Brink McDonouarh's History of Edwards, Lawrence and Wabash Co., p. iat>.

tFor Mt. Carroll newspapers, see Kc-tt & Co.'s History of Carroll Co.. p. 356.

51

.Mt. Morris, Ogle Co. — Concluded.

Northwestern Republican, 1855-57: Published by Atwood & Williams. Became the

*Independent Watchman, 1857-61: Published by Myron S. Barnes, 1857-59. For the rest of its existence it was owned by a joint stock company, with Mr. J. D. Popf as publisher, and under the editorial management of Prof. W. S. Pope and Dr. F. A. Mc- Neill. Republican.

Mt. Sterling, Brown Co.

Prairie Pioneer, 1848-51: A democratic paper, edited by John Bigler. Its next editor was P. L. Shutt, who was followed by J. B. More, and Geo. S. Myers was his publisher. Changed to

Democrat, 1851-52: J. R. Bailey edited it for E. T. Hollister, its owner. In 1852 it strongly urged the selection of Stephen A. Douglas as the democratic candidate for president. Became the

Chronotype, 1852-55: Mr. Bailey remained its editor, but in 1855 he removed the material to Jacksonville, where he established the Sentinel.

Western Spy, 1856-57: Edited by A. L. Snow, with G. W. Gross, associate editor. In 1857 it was sold to B. H. Irwin, who sold to Nicholson & Shurtleff. They moved it to Beardstown.

Union, 1856-63: A democratic paper, edited by R. A. Glenn and J. R. Gordon. After several changes in ownership it was suspended for a few months in 1857. It was revived by J. C. O'Neil, who was its editor and publisher. 1857-61; J. C. and Martin O'Neil, 1861; J. C. O'Neil, 1861-63. In 1863 it was sold to S. S. and Martin Brooks, who changed the name to the

Record, and continued to publish it until 1869, when they sold it to J. S. H. Hambaugh, who called it the

Weekly Gazette. He published it until 1872, when he sold it to Gervis M. Russell, and he changed it to

t Brown Cunty Democrat. He was editor and proprietor, 1872-74; H. K. Davis and S. N. Jones, 1874-75; Mr. Davis, 1875-to date (1882). When Mr. Davis assumed control it was an organ of the Grangers. It afterwards advocated the principles of the Green- back party. In 1876 it supported Peter Cooper, and in 1880, Gen. Hancock.

Mt. Vernon, Jefferson Co.

Jeffersonian, 1851-56: Edited by John S. Bogan, assisted in turn by Mr. Wallace, Mr. Matchett, Frank Manly, John A. Wall. T. f . Wilson, E. V. Satterfield and others, 1851-54. In 1854 Mr. Bogan sold to Bowman & Robinson, who after a short time sold it to Dodds, Johnson & Co. J. B. Tanner was their editor. Changed to

Sentinel, 1856-57: It was published by Tanner, Casey & Anderson, with the latter gentleman as editor.' It became the

*For Mt. Morris newspapers, see Chapman's History of Ogle Co., p. 449; also Kett's His- tory, p. 447: and Boss' History of Ogle Co., p. 71.

*For Mt. Sterling newspapers see Brink's History of Schuyler and Brown Counties, p. 158.

MUn,._

OF

52

Mt. Vernon, Jefferson Co. — Concluded.

Egyptian Torchlight, 1857-six months: Run by Wm. R. Hollingsworth and John A. Wall. Changed to

Advocate, 1857- three weeks: Edited by Dr. S. Turner Brown. Be- came the

Star, 1858 : An anti slavery paper, controlled by S. B. Curtis

and James S. Lane, 1858-59; John A. Wall, nine months; Ed and John Satterfield to 1865, when a Mr. Hays bought it.

Murphysboro, Jackson Co.

Jackson Dimocrat, 1855: The proprietors were Geo. C. and F. C. Bierer. It was suspended in the fall of 1855 by Gov. A. M. Jenkins.

Sentinel, 1855: Established by Gov. Jenkins, who sold the establish- ment to S. S. Hall. He moved it to DeSoto where it was known as the Farmer.

Naperville, DuPage Co.

Eecorder, 1849: Edited by C. J. Sellon as a non-partisan paper. Changed to

Democratic Plaindealer, 1850: It now became an organ of democracy, is issued weekly.

Daughter of Temperance, 1850: Issued weekly.

Observer, 1851-54: It sprang from the remains of the Democratic Plaindealer. Published by Barnes, Humphrey and Keith, 1851; by Barnes, Martin and Keith, 1852-54.

Journal, 1854-57: Established by C. W. Keith. It was conducted successively by C. W. Keith; Keith. Edson & Co.; J. M. Edson and E. M. Day. In February, 1857, the building in which the office was situated was carried away by a flood.

Newsletter, 1857: Published by E. H. Eyer. *Sentinel, 1862: Published by D. B. Birdsall.

Naples, Scott Co.

Spirit of the West, 1837-38: Published by N. M. Knapp.

Observer, : Published by Mr. Tilden.

Post, : Published by Mr. Delahay.

*Battle-Axe : Published by Mr. Ormbee. It strongly favored

the repudiation of the state debt.

Nashville, "Washington Co.

New Era, 1851-53: Established and edited by a joint stock company of a few citizens who secured the service of P. W. Skinner as printer and manager of the mechanical part. James T. Logan was Mr. Skinner's successor. Neutral as to politics. In 1853 it was sold to Robert K. Flemming and the name changed to

*For Naperville newspapers see Richmond & Valletta's History of DuPage Co., p. 67; also Baskin Co.'s History of DuPage Co., p. 234.

*For Naples newspapers see Knapp's History of Scott County, p. 12.

53

Nashville, "Washing-ton Co.— Concluded.

Nashville Monitor, 1853-58: Flemming's management of it was brief, and the former stockholders taking it back, gave charge of it to M. L. McCord who, being a whig, gaye it up because he refused to make it a democratic organ during the campaign of 1856. Henry Johnson was called to take his place, and it supported Buchanan for the presidency. In 1858 Elijah W. Vance became manager. He changed its name to

Democrat, 1858-60: From Mr. Vance it passed into the hands of 0. P. Hoddy, who passed it over to P. C. Graves, Sr., and gave it the name of

Washington County Herald, 1860-62: Mr. C. E. Hammond appeared as editor, 1860-62. He sold out to M. M. Goodner, who called it

JacJcsonian, 1862-63: Decidedly democratic in its sympathies. Mr. Goodner sold to Francis M. Verner, who called it the

* Constitution, 1863 — soon ceased. Amos Watts appeared as editor. Nauvoo, Hancock Co.

Times and Seasons, 1839-46: A Mormon paper founded by Ebenzer Robinson and 1). C. Smith — the youngest brother of the prophet, Joseph Smith. It was issued semi-monthly, during the stay of the Mormons in the county, under several editors and publishers among whom, besides its founders, were the prophet himself, Frederick G. Williams, John Taylor, Wilford Woodruff and W. W. Phelps.

Wasp, 1842-43: Founded by the patriarch, Wm.- Smith. Issued from the office of the Times and Seasons. It became the

Neighbor, 1843-45: Edited by John Taylor — one of the twelve apostles. There is a complete file of the Neighbor in the library of the Chicago Historical Society. Changed to

Hancock Eagle, 1846: Still a Mormon paper edited by Dr. W. E. Matlock — a gentile. He was a graduate of Princeton and had been editorially connected with Horace Greelyonthe New Yorker. In politics it was democratic. Upon the death of Dr. Matlock the paper was sold to Samuel Slocum and changed to

Neic Citizen, 1846-47: Anti-Mormon, edited by Dr. Isaac Galland, later J. S. Winter.

Exposition, 1844: Anti-Mormon; declared a nuisance by city council and the press and material was burned and destroyed by the city marshal — an act leading to the lynching of the brothers, Joseph and Hiram Smith. It was established by William and Wilson Law, Charles and Robert D. Foster, Francis M. and Chauncey D. Higbee, and managed by Sylvester Euimans.

Patriot, 1847-50: A democratic paper edited by James McKee.

Icarian Review, 1851: Published by the Icarian community and edit- ed by M. Etienne Cobet.

Popular Tribune, 1851(?): Controlled by the Icarian community.

^Democratic Press, 1858 60: Founded by Gregg and Lambert. In a few months Messrs. Yates, Chapman, Bauer and Swartz took the concern. Finally Mr. Yates, being alone, secured Mr. Grove to conduct it. His successor was Abraham Yates.

*For Nashville newspapers see Brink. McDonough's History of Washington County, p.32 tFor Nauvoo newspapers see Gregg's History of Hancock County, p. 392.

54

Newton, Jasper Co.

Enquirer, 1856-58: A democratic paper published by Geo. E. Hoar, Became the

Jasper County Democrat, 1858-62: Published by Mehaffey & Odell. *Plaindealer, 1858: Edited by J. H. Graham.

Olney, Bichland Co.

News, 1849-50: Edited by Judge Kitchell. Changed to

Eepublic'an, 1850-52: Published by J. M. Wilson. A democratic paper.

Banner, 1852-53: Published by John Buntin. Sold to

Republican, 1853-57(?): A democratic paper edired by J. M. Wilson. It was probably the above Republican revived. Sold to

Journal, 1856-72: A republican paper edited by W. M. Beck.

t Press, 1858-64: Edited by James Wright. It advocated in its col- umns the principles of the democratic party.

Onarga, Iroquois Co.

Mercury, 1859-61: Its publishers were R. McKee, Davis, and Backus-

Oquawka, Henderson Co.

Spectator, 1848 to date: Its editor and proprietor was J. B. Patterson, 1848 to date (1882). A weekly, non-partisan paper to 1863, when it became a democratic organ. From its establishment to 1859' Mr. Patterson's son. E. H. Patterson, was -junior editor.

$Plaindealer, 1852-58 (?): Published weekly. Its editors and propri- etors were F. A. Dallam, 1852-55; Horace Bigelow and Mr. Dai- lam, 1855 56; James H. Reed and Mr. Bigelow, 1856-57; J. K.

Magie and David Mitchell, 1857 ; M. H. Jamison; and Mr.

Chamberlain, who moved it to Biggsville. From here it was taken by Judson Graves to Kirkwood, Warren county.

Oregon, Ogle Co.

Ogle County Gazette, 1851 : Published weekly. Edited by R. C.

Burchell, 1851; M. W. Smith, 1853; E. H. Leggett, 1857-61. Mr. Burchell brought his paper and ink by team from Chicago. Changed to

Oregon Reporter: It is now (1878) the

$0gle County Reporter: Edited by John Sharp, 1801-68; owned by M. W. Smith with Mr. Sharp as editor, 1868-71; Chas. L. Miller and E. L. Otis (Miller being editor), 1871; Mr. Miller and brother, James P. Miller, 1871; Wm. H. Gardner editor and proprietor, 1871 72; Mr. Gardner and Thnoleon 0. Johnson, 1872; Mr. John- son editor and proprietor, 1872 to date (1878). It was conducted favoring the principles of the republican party.

*For Newton newspapers see Battey's History of Jasper County.

tFor Olney newspapers see Battey's History of Richland County.

tPor Cviuawka newspapers see Hill's History of Mercer and Henderson Counties, p. 825,

2Por Oregon newspapers see Chapman's History of Ogle County, p. 449.

55

Oswego, Kendall Co.

Kendall County Courier, 1856 : Edited by H. S. Humphrey.

Changed to

Kendall County Free Press, 1864: Edited by A. R. Niblo. Moved

to Vandalia.

Ottawa, LaSalle Co.

Illinois Free Trader. 1840-43: A democratic paper issued weekly. Edited by Geo. F. Weaver and John Hise. Changed to

Free Trader, 1843 to date: Issued weekly to 1887, since daily and weekly. Published by John Hise and Wm. Osman, 1843-45; Wm. Osman Co., 1845-47; Wm. and Moses Osman, 1847-53; George and Julius A very, 1853-56; Wm. Osman, 1856-68; Mr. Osman and Douglas Hopeman. 1868-82; Wm. Osman & Sons, 1882 to date. Files in effice and in Reddick's Library, Ottawa.

Republican, 1836-a few mouths: A democratic campaign paper, ed- ited by J. V. A. Hoes.

Constitutionalist, 1844-52: A whig paper published weekly. The first number appeared in December, 1844. It was published under the name of the Constitutionalist until June 19, 1852, when it became the

Republican, and continued to be known by -that name until 1890. Editors and publishers: James Lowry and H. E. Gedney, 1844-50; H. E. Gedney, 1850-52; Thaddeus Hampton and J. W. Kelby, 1852-57; Mr. Hampton and H. C. Ruffington, 1857-59; Mr. Hampton, 1859-64. File from 1852-60 in The office of the Republican-Times, Ottawa. Mr. M. Hanifin, 201 E. Main street, Ottawa, 111., has an unbound file. The paper was whig until 1855 when it became republican.

Pacatonia, Winnebago Co.

* Independent, 1859 — : Edited J. E. Duncan. A republican paper.

Palestine, Randolph Co.

Ruralist, 1856-57: Independent as to politics. Edited by Samuel R. Jones, an expounder of the religious doctrine of the Christians.

Banner, 1858-59: A democratic paper edited by G. W. Harper.

^Yellow Jacket, 1859 62: Started on the ruins of the defunct Banner by A. Malone and E. Logan — the latter withdrawing in a few months. It was republican in its sympathies.

Pana, Christian Co.

^Herald, 1857-67 (?): Edited by M. S. Beckwith. A democratic paper.

Plaindealer, 1859-60: Edited by E. F. Chittenden. Moved to Shel- by ville.

*For Pacatonia newspapers see Boss' History of Illinois Newspapers, p. 48.

tFor Palestine newspapers see Perrin's History of Crawford and Clark Counties, p. 80..

ISee Decatur Herald.

56

Paris, Edgar Co.

Illinois Statesman, 1836 — : Published for several years by Lovelace & Delay.

Prairie Beacon, 1848 — : Founded by Jacob Harding; followed by S. L. Spink, and he by Wm. Moore.

Wabash Valley Republican, 1852 — : A democratic paper founded by W. D. Latshaw, who conducted it, 1852-54; Messrs Dill & Cooper, who sold to St. Clair Southerland.

*Valley Blade, : Joined to the Prairie Beacon and is now known

as the Blade.

Pekin, Tazewell Co.

Mirror, 1848-60: John Smith editor. (See Tremont Tazewell Whig.)

Republican, 1860-85: Edited by W. W. Sellars. It is now the Repub- lican-Post edited by J. B. Irwin. There is one copy of the Tazewell Whig in the office.

Peoria, Peoria Co.

Illinois Champion, 1834-37: A whig paper founded by Abram S. Buxton and Henry Wolford. It fell into the hands of J. J. Arm- strong and Jacob D. Shewalter. They employed Jerome L. Marsh to manage it. In 1837 it was merged by Mr. Davis, who had purchased the office, into the

Register and Northwestern Gazateer, 1837 42: Edited by S. M. Davis. Favored whig principles. Files in the Library of the Chicago Historical Society. In 1842 it became known as the

Register, 1842—: Edited by Messrs. Butler, 1842-43; Thos. J. Pick- ett, 1843-50. About this time Mr. Pickett took in as partner H. K. W. Davis, and they commenced to publish the

Champion, : Their office and press was destroyed by tire.

File— Sept., 1837, to March, 1838— of the Register in the Peoria Public Library.

Democratic Press, 1840-58: Edited by John S. Zeiber, 1840-46; Thomas Phillips, 1846-49; Washington Cockle, 1849-51; Enoch P. Sloan, 1851-56: Mr. Cornwell for a short time and then G. W. Raney until the establishment was destroyed by tire in 1858. Partial tiles in Peoria Public Library. This paper probably changed or rather its name was varied several times. From 1853 to 1854 there was a weekly and a tri- weekly issued; from 1854 to 1856, a weekly and a daily issue.

Champion, 1850 (?), short lived: Issued daily by Pickett and Davis. The burning of the office and press ended its life.

In June, 1848, Messrs. Pickett & Woodcock began the first daily in Peoria. It was not well patronized and its publication ceased in about three months.

Peoria Transcript, 1855 to date: Issued daily. There is a complete file in the office. At first edited by Wm. Rounseville — later, Seer and Webb. The file of the Peoria Public Library is somewhat incomplete.

Banner, 1852-56: Changed to

*For Paris newspapers see Le Baron's History of E'igar Co. p. 335.

57

Peoria, Peori Co.— Concluded.

Zeitung, 1856-78: Edited by Edward Rummel, at one time Secretary of State, 1868-72. Sold to

Democrat, 1860 to date: Published daily; edited by Alvis Zolz, 1860-64; Bernard Cremer, .

Daily Democratic Union, and

Daily Morning News were papers published by S. W. Raney. There is a partial file, Vol. 6 to Vol. 8, 1858-59, for the former paper and Vol. 3, 1854, for the latter in the Peoria Public Library.

*Republican, 1852 : Editors, Baily and Pickett; Piekett & Waite;

Pickett & Coulter. It was at first issued as a weekly, but for a part of 1857 it was issued daily and weekly. There are partial tiles in the Peoria Public Library.

Peru, La Salle Co.

Ninewa Gazette, 1839-41: Established by a Mr. Farce and edited by Cr. W. Holley. Moved to Lacon.

Beacon Light, afterwards the Junction Beacon, 1846-48: Established by Nash & Elliott, and published by Mead, Higgins and Boyle.

Telegraph, 1848-53: Published by Holbrook and Underbill. In 1853 it was sold to J. F. and N. Linton and the name changed to

Chronicle. It was discontinued in 1856. For ten months of the life of the Chronicle Messrs. Linton published a daily.

Democrat, 1850 : Edited by Thos. W. Welch.

Rattlesnake, : Founded by Guy Hulett. Changed to

Sentinel, 1855 : A democratic paper published by J. L. McCor-

mick and Guy Hulett; afterwards by J. F. Meginness. Issued weekly. Faithfully supported Douglas.

Commercial and Volksfreund (German), 1858 .

*Herald, 1858 : Published by H. S. Beebe, 1858-60. F. M. Sap

purchased it in 1860. in 1861 the materials of the defunct German paper, and in 1863 the materials of the collapsed 'Chronicle. Mr. Sap was sole editor, 1863-70; Gallaghar & Williams, 1870-76; Mr.

Tapley, 1876-84; H. S. Corwin, 1884 . Mr. Corwin had started

the News in 1879 and when he obtained the Herald the two papers were united and known as the News-Herald.

Petersburg, Menard Co.

Express, 1854-55: Edited by S. B. Dugger. Changed to

Menard Index, 1855-63: Edited by H. L. Clay, 1855-58; Hamilton & Brooks, 1858-63. At first neutral as to politics, but finally became republican, which greatly enraged the citizens.

Fillmore Bugle, 1856: A campaign paper edited by Wm. Glenn.

Menard County Axis, 1859-67: Democratic in politics; edited by C. Clay, 1859-67. He sold it to a joint stock company and its name was changed to

* For Peoria newspapers see Ballance's History of Peoria, p. 187; also Boss' History of Illinois Newspapers, p. 37.

t For Peru newspapers see Interstate Publishins Co.'s History of La Salle Co., p. 371.

58

Petersburg Manard County — Concluded.

*Democrat, 1867 to date (1879) : Edited by M. B. Friend, J867-71; E. T. McElwain, 1871-77; A. E. Mick, with S. S. Knoles as associate editor 1878, 1877-79.

Pinckneyville, Perry County.

t Perry County Times, 1856—: Edited by Wm. McEwing.

Pittsfleld, Pike County.

Sucker State and Farmers'1 Record, 1842-46: Edited by M. J. Noyes. Issued weekly. Succeeded by

Free Press, 1846 — : It was whig in its sympathies. Edited by Z. N. Garbutt and M. H. Abbott; later JohnG. Nicolay and Mr. Parks; afterwards by Mr. Nicolay alone. Became the

Pike County Journal, 1868: Edited by D. B. Bush, Jr. Mr. Bush sold to Robert McKee. In 1868 Messrs. McKee and Wm. A. Grimshaw named it

Old Flag, 1868 to date: The Journal and Old Flag advocated Republicanism.

Pike County Sentinel, 1845-49: Edited by T. J. Trumbull, supported by G. W. Smith. In 1849 John S. Roberts purchased it and changed it to

Pike County Union, 1849-57: He was editor, 1849-51; M. H. Abbottr 1851-57. He changed it to

Pike County Democrat, 1857 to date: Democratic in its sympathies^ issued weekly: edited by Brown & Frazier; Frazier &McGinnis;. Robert T. Frazier. In 1865 it became the property of the present (1880) proprietor, J. M. Bush.

^Democrat, 1847(1) — : Edited by George W. Smith.

Plymouth, Hancock County.

^Locomotive, 1857-58: Published by a company and at first edited by Thomas Gregg.

Polo, Ogle County.

Transcript, 1857-58: Edited by Charles Meigs, Jr. for a joint stock company. After a few months the material was purchased by the proprietor of the Advertiser — Henry R. Boss.

Ogle Counttj Banner, 1858-60: A democratic paper issued by R. P. Redfield for a joint stock company. In 1859 Mr. Redfield pur- chased the office, enlarged the paper and passed it over to J. M. Williams, who passed it to Geo. D. Read.

* For Petersburg newspapers see Baskin's History of Menard and Mason Counties, p. 308, t For Pinckneyville newspapers see Brinks, McDonough's History of Randolph, Monroe and Perry Counties, p. 199.

I For Pittsfield newspapers see Chapman & Co.'s History of Pike County, p. 889. '(. For the Plymouth newspaper see Gregg's History of Hancock County, p. 394.

59

Polo, Ogle County— Concluded.

Advertiser, 1858-^60: Mr. Boss was succeeded by Morton D. Swift. The Rock River Press, started in 1860, was merged in the Adver- tt*erinl861. Mr. Swift and J. D. Dopf, managers. 18G1; Mr. Swift alone, 1861; J, D. Campbell and J. W. Carpenter, 1861-62, when it was suspended. In March 1863 it WHS revived under the name of the

Polo Press: Mr. Campbell and Mr. Smith were editors, 1863-65; Daniel Scott and M. V. Saltzman, 1865; Swift & Saltzman, 1865; John W. Olintou, 1865 to date (1878). In 1866 Mr. Clinton called it the Ogle County Press. _ It publication was suspended during a part of 1861 to 1865. It is an organ for the Republicans; issued weekly.. Office has files, 1858-60 and 1865 to date, and a few copies from 1860-65.

Banner of Freedom, 1858-few months: Edited by Marcellus Perkins. *Free Democrat, edited by Mr. Johnson during the campaign of 1860.

Pontiac, Livingston Co.

Sentinel, 1858 to date: A weekly, republican paper edited by Cook & Gagan, 1857-63. They sold it to M. E. Collins, he to Stout and Decker, they to W. P. Denslow, he to Mr. Stout. It was de- stroyed by fire in 1866. In 1869 Mr. Stout sold to Jones and Renoe, who were publishing the Free Press. They consolidated the papers under the name of Sentinel and Press. H. C. Jones was proprietor, 1873-75, and he changed the name back to Sentinel. F. L. Alles edited it, 1875-84; Latny and Clark, 1884-95; H. J. Clark, 1895-97."

*Livingston County Neivs, 1855-57 ("?): Edited by J. S. France; Mr^ France passed its publication to Philip Cook and M. A. Renoe; Cook soon sold to Mr. Jones; Renoe and Jones soon sold to a Mr. Albee and shortly its publication ceased. Early copies are in the possession of Jacob Streamer, Pontiac. It was indepen- dent as to politics.

Prairie City, McDonough Co.

Chronicle, 1857-58: Edited and published by R. W. Seaton.

Prairie Chief, 1858-few weeks: Edited by R. W. Seaton, who pub- lished it in the interest of the Good Templars.

Princeton, Bureau Co.

Bureau Advocate, 1847-51: Published by Ebenezer Higgins until 1848. The editorial page was divided into three departments — two columns each — and was whig, democrat, and liberty in the respective departments. The first department was called "Whig Advocate," and was edited by a "Whig Committee;" the second was "Democratic Advocate," and was edited by a "Democratic Committee," and the third was "Liberty Advocate," and was edited by a "Liberty Committee." in August, 1848, it became a Free Soil organ. In the same year B. F. Hammond and T. W. Welsh bought out Mr. Higgins, and John H. Bryant became editor. It soon changed to the hands of Bryant and Dean. In 1851 the name was changed to the

*For Polo newspapers see Chapman's History of Ogle Co., p. 452; also Boss' History of Ogle Co.. p. 67.

*For Pontiac newspapers see LeBaron's History of Livingston Co.. p. 2S2.

(SO

Princeton, Bureau Co. — Continued.

Princeton Post, edited by Justin H. Olds. Changed to

Princetonian, 1851-58: Firm name was Coates, Kinney & B. Clark Luudy. Editors, Hooper Warren, for a short time in 1851; Justin H. Olds, 1851-54; Chas. Faxon, 1854-58. In 1858 it was changed to

Bureau County Republican, 1858 to date (1885): Published by Rhue and Hewitt and later by Bryant and Hewitt to 1861, during which time it was edited by John H. Bryant. Mr. Bryant had sole charge, 1861-63; John W. Bailey, 1863-72; Mr. Bailey and L. J. Colton, 1872-74; Mr. Bailey and Chas. P. Bascom, 1874 to date (1885). Issued weekly. There is a complete file of the Republican with the present publishers.

Bureau County Herald, 1848-short-lived : Established by Philip Payne as a democratic organ.

Yeoman of the Prairie Land, 1851 — -: Conducted by Dr. S. Allen Paddock.

Bureau Covnty Democrat, 1856-63: Edited by C. N. Pine, 1856-58; Eckels & Kyles, with Eckels as editor, 1858; Eckels & Gibons, 1858; W. H. Messenkop (with a short intermission in which C. J. Peckham controlled it) 1858-63. Changed to

Bureau County Patriot, 1863-71: Run by C. N. Smith & Co. Changed to

*Bureau County Herald, 1871-76: Run by J. C. Whitney. Sold at sheriff's sale, 1876.

Quincy, Adams Co.

Bounty Land Register, 1834-39: Edited by Richard Young. Changed to Argus, 1839-41: Edited by John H. Petitt. Changed to

Herald, 1841 to date: A democratic paper edited by Austin Brook for several years. Daily since 1850. There is a partial file in the Quincy Public Library.

Whig, 1838 to date: It began as a weekly with N. Bushnell and A. Johnston as editors and H. V. Sullivan as publisher. From August 18, 1838, to 1852, S. M. Bartlett was editor with Mr. Sul- livan still publisher. It was edited by John F. Morton, 1852 — , and conducted under the firm name of Morton & Sullivan, 1852-54; Morton & Young, 1854-55; Morton, Ralston & Co., 1855-57. In 1858 the Quincy Republican was merged in the Whiff — the paper was then run by Mr. Morton and F. A. Dallam — the former pro- prietor of the Republican. In the fall of 1859 Mr. Morton became sole proprietor, and in the spring of I860 he sold to James J. Laugdon, who was connected with it until 18(58 when it passed into the hands of Bailhache & Phillips with Paul Selby as editor, 1868-69; John Tillson, 1869-71. In 1871 Mr. Selby became editor again. Several changes occurred after this as to proprietors and editors until 1878 when C. A. and D. F. Wilcox became owners and publishers. From October 23, 1845, to April 16, 1846, the paper was issued tri-weekly. The first number of the daily ap- peared March 22, 1852, since which date it has been issued daily and weekly. It was a whig organ until 1859 when it became the representative of the republican organization. There is a com- plete file in the Whig office, and a partial file in the Quincy Free Public Library.

i " 'For Princeton newspapers see Bradley's History of Bureau Co., p. 307; also Boss's History of Illinois Newspapers p. 15.

61

Quincy, Adams Co. — Concluded.

Republican, 1857-58: Published by F. A. Dallam. Joined to the

* Courier, 1857-58: Published by Geo. Linz. It was a German papery whig in its sympathies.

Bichview, Washington Co.

^Phoenix, 1856-58: Edited by M. L. MeCord.

Robinson, Crawford Co.

^Gazette, 1857-58: Edited by G. W. Harper. Issued weekly. Dis- continued after six months. File lost by fire. Favored the Douglas wing of the democratic party and was the first political paper issued in the county.

Rockford, Winnebago Co.

Star, 1840-41: A democratic paper established by P. Knappen. The office was destroyed by a mob because the editor denounced the lynching of the Driskells in Ogle county. There is a file in the Rockford Public Library. Changed to

Pilot, 184L— : Edited by John A. Brown.

Eock River Express, 1840-41: Edited by B. J. Gray. Whig. File in Rockford Public Library.

Setter Covenant, published by Rev. Seth Barnes and Wm. Rounse- ville, 1842-43. Moved to St. Charles then to Chicago where it was first published by Charles Stedman and edited by Mr. Barnes. Now the Universahst, Chicago.

Winnebago Forum, 1843-45: Changed to

Rockford Forum, 1845-54: The Forum was a whig paper established by J. Ambrose Wight. Austin Collon conducted it, 1843-54. Files in Rockford Library. Changed to

Republican, 1854-62: Edited by E. W. Blaisdell, Jr., 1854-55; E. W. and Richard P. Blaisdell, 1855-62. File, 1855-62, in Rockford Public Library. It was merged into the

Register, 1855 — : A republican paper, issued weekly. Edited by E. C. Daugherty, 1855-59. In 1865 it passed into the hands of an in- corporated company and was edited by I. S. Hyatt with E. H. Griggs associate. Mr. Daugherty succeeded Mr. Hyatt as editor and Mr. Griggs followed Mr. Daugherty. In 1859 it appeared as a daily.

Free Press, 1848-50: A free- soil democratic paper, edited by Henry W. DePuy. Partial file in Rockford Public Library.

Democrat, 1852-65: Editors, Benjamin Holt; Mr. Holt and D. T. Dickenson; Mr. Dickenson and R. A. Bird. It became a repub- lican paper in 1854. I. S. Hyatt was for a time its proprietor. In 1865 it was consolidated with the Register (which see). Files from 1852-60 in Rockford Public Library.'

*For Quincy newspapers see Murray, Williamson, & Phelp's History of Adams Co., p. p. 429-30.

tFor the Richview newspaper see Brink, McDonough's History Washington Co , p. 32. JFor the Robinson newspaper see Perrin's History of Crawford and Clark Cos., p. 83.

62

Bockford, Winnebago Co. — Concluded.

Spirit Advocate, 1854-56: Issuer? monthly. Advocated the doctrines of the Spiritualists. Managed by Dr. Geo. flaskell. Files in Rockford Public Library.

Standard, 1858-59: Favored Douglas democracy. Established by Springsteen & Parks. Changed to

News, 1859-61: Issued daily and weekly. In 1860 the daily ceased to appear. The weekly was democratic as to politics and the daily was neutral. The paper was founded by D. G. Croly & Co. In 1860 Grove & Ticknor became publishers. They were succeeded by Fox, Rowe & Co., who revived the publication of the daily, and the weekly became known as the Weekly News. In 1861 it was merged into the Register.

Rock River Mirror, 1859, : Established by Allen Gibson. Weekly

until 1861, when it began to appear only as a monthly. Devoted to insurance matters.

*Rockton Gazette, 1857-58.

JRock Island, Rock Island Co.

Banner and Stephenson Gazette, 1839-40: Edited by H. McGrere. Complete files in the Rock island Public Library. This was the first paper published in Rock Island county.

Upper Mississippian, 1840-46: Edited by Daniel Crist, 1840-44; H. G. Reynolds, 1844-46. Complete files in the Rock Island Public Library.

Advertiser, 1852-57: Edited by F. R. Bennett, 1852-53; F. R. Ray- mond, 1853-57. Partial files in the Rock Island Public Library.

Northwestern Advertiser, 1845, : Incomplete file in Rock Island

Public Library.

Republican, 1851-55: Edited by F. C. Nichols, 1851-52; J. B. Dan- forth, 1852-55. Complete files in the Rock Island Public Library.

Daily Commercial, 1858-59: Files in the Rock Island Public Library.

Register, 1859-62: Issued tri-weekly. Editors, T. J. Pickett and C. W. Kirkland; M. S. Barnes and Mr. Kirklaud; Messrs. Pickett and Barnes; Mr. Pickett and Alex. Lamertine. It was joined with the Moline Independent (which see) in 1862 to form the

Union, 1862, .

Argus, 1859 to date: Established by J. B. Danforth. The files are complete in the Rock Island Public Library.

Hock Spring, St. Clair Co.

Pioneer, 1829-36: It was the organ and was published under the aus- pices of the Rock Springs Seminary — a Baptist school founded by John M. Peck. At the beginning it was published by T. P. Green and edited by John M. Peck. In the fall of 1829 Mr. Green sold the office to Mr. Peck, and in June, 1830, Ashford Smith took charge of the printing, but Mr. Peck remained editor. In 1831 it was united with the Western Baptist — a paper under the same supervision as the Pioneer and founded about the same time — and became known as the

*For Rockford newspapers, see Boss' History of Ogle Co., pp. 44,62,64.

63

Bock Spring-, St. Clair Co. — Concluded.

Pioneer and Western Baptist. The Pioneer was issued semi-monthly. In 1835 it became known simply as thf> Pioneer. In 1836, the press was moved to Alton. (See ~Alton Western Pioneer and Bap- tist Standard Bearer) .

* Western Watchman, .

Bockton, Winnebago Co.

Gazette, 1857-59: Edited and published by H. W. Phelps and wife.

Bushville, Schuyler Co.

Rushville Journal and Military Iract Advertiser, 1835-36: Published > by G. W. Davis & Co. Abraham Marshall was one of the editor- ial staff. From Davis & Co. it passed to R. W. Renfroe & Co. Adams Dunlap was the next owner and he sold to J. B. Fulks. It was independent as to politics, favored railroad construction and contained much Texas news. Changed to

Schuyler Advocate, 1837-38: Edited by J. B. Fulks. Changed to

Test, 1838 : A whig paper published for eight months by R. A.

Glenn and T. Lyle Dickey. There were several interruptions in its publication. Changed to

Illinois Republican, 1839-40: It now represented democracy with A. R. Sparks as editor. Changed to

Political Examiner, 1840-43: Edited by J. S. Anderson. Changed to

Prairie Telegraph, 1848-56: Edited by B. F. Scripps and R, R. Ran- dall, 1848-50; John Scripps and J. C. Scripps, 1850-56. In 1856 it was sold to a stock company and appeared as the

TTimes, 1856 to date: A democratic paper issued weekly and edited by Scripps and Johnson for the company, 1856-59; A. J. Ashton,

1859 ; A. D. Davis for three years; J. C. Fox, E. A. Snively,

Edwin Digson. who purchased the material at a sheriff's sale, 1868 to date (1882).

St. Charles, Kane Co.

Patriot, 1841-42: Edited by John Thomas. Office was burned. Fox River Advocate, 1843 : Edited by D. D. Waite.

Prairie Messenger, 1846-47: Edited by Smith & Kelsey. When it passed into the hands of Messrs Wilson and Cockraft it was merged with the Western Mercury, (which see) . There is one number in the Wisconsin State Historical Library.

Better Covenant.lS^ : Edited by Rev. Seth Bai'nes, assisted by

Rev. Wm. Rounseville. Moved to Chicago as New Covenant, and is now the Universalist.

Kane County Democrat : Published by Jones and Hubbard. The

number issued on September 25, 1850, is in the Gail Borden Pub- lic Library at Elgin, 111.

* For Rock Spring newspapers, see Brink McDonough's History of Madison and St. Clair Cos., p. 209; also Boss' History of Early Illinois Newspapers, p. 39.

tFor Kushville newspapers see Brink. McDonough's History of Schuyler and Brown Counties, p. 153.

64

Salem, Marion Co.

Amercican Eagle, 1852-53: Published and edited by Thomas F. Houtz. Whig.

Advocate, 1851-56: A weekly, democratic paper edited and published by John W, and John H. Merritt. In 1858 it was re-established by E. L. and J. D. and J. W. Merritt, and its existence was con- tinued until 1873. From 1865 until 1873 it was edited and pub- lished by Louis V. Taft.

Spectator, 1856. A republican campaign paper published by James S. Coulter. Changed to

Register, 1856-58: Edited by E. C. Devore. Changed to * Independent, 1858: Edited by Joseph M. Prior.

Sandwich, DeKalb Co.

People's Press, 1857 — six months: Edited by W. L. Dempster. Inde- pendent on all subjects.

Prairie Home Advertiser, 1859 — short-lived: Edited by Mattison and Higbee.

^Sandwich News, : Edited by J. M. Higbee.

Shawneetown, Gallatin Co.

Shaivnee Chief, 1818-24: Called later the Emigrant and the Shawnee- to'tcn Gazette. Edited by Henry Eddy. The chief contributor was James Hall, the most prominent writer in Illinois at the time. It was the second paper in the State. Authorities differ as to its position on the slavery question.

Gallatin Democrat and Illinois Advertiser: Published in the thirties. Edited by McClernand & Stickney. Number four of volume one is in the Danville Public Library.

Illinois Republican, : A whig paper edited by Samuel D. Mar- shall.

Southern Illinoisan, 1852-60: Started by W. Edwards & Son. It claimed to be a democratic organ. It supported Bissell, the re- publican candidate for governor, and Buchanan for president. After Buchanan's election it became wholly republican.

Southern Illinois Advocate, : Published a few months by L. J.

S. Turney as a daily, tri-weekly and weekly.

Western Voice, : Published for some time and continued as the

tShaicneetown Intelligencer by W. H. McCracken & Co.

Shelbyville, Shelby Co.

Okaii-, 1842-45: Edited by W. W. Bishop. Its publication was irreg- ular.

Banner, 1852-58; It first advocated democracy, then became inde- pendent. Edited by D. M. Cantrill and W. A. Cochran, 1852; Cantrill, 1852-53; office closed, 1853-54; Theophilus Short, 1854-55; P. L. Shutt, 1855-58. Changed to

*For Salem newspapers see Brink. McDonousrh's History of Marion County, p. 106. tFor Sandwich newspapers see Chapman Bros'. History of DeKalb Co. tFor Shawneetown newspapers, see Goodspeed Publishing CoJ's History of Gallatin, Saline, etc., Co., p. 113.

65

Shelbyville, Shelby Co. — Concluded.

Okaw Patriot, 1858-63: A democratic paper. Edited by J. W. John- son, 1859-60. In 1859 Mr. Shutt had commenced the Banner, and continued it for eight months, when it was consolidated with the Patriot, 1860. Mr. Shutt was manager and Anthony Thornton editor, 1860; Mr. Shutt, 1860-63.

*Prairie Floiver, : It had a brief existence. Edited by J. C.

Duncan. Published and issued monthly from the office of the Okaw.

Sparta, Randolph Co.

Columbus Herald, 1839-40: Edited by James Marrow. Neutral as to politics. Changed to

Herald, 1840, Jan., June: Edited by J. E. Dietrich. Changed to

Democrat, 1840-43: Mr. Dietrich still editor. Favored VanBuren for President.

Eandolph County Record, 1844-46: Edited by 0. F. McMillan. Be- cause of politics it was moved to Chester where it was published six months as the Record, (see Chester Reveille). It supported Polk for the presidency.

Prairie Democrat, 1848-51: A campaign paper edited by J. R. Shan- non, 1848-51. It advocated the election of Lewis Cass. In 1851 C. P. Johnson leased the office and changed the name to

Independent, — — .

Freeman, 1848-50: Anti-slavery; edited by James Coleman. Changed to

Journal, 1850-52: Edited by J. S. Coulter who was succeeded, 1852., by Mrs. Gentilens.

Independent, 1851-55: Edited by ,1851-52. It was suspended but

revived by S. A. Armour and he leased it to Parsons Perry who run it two years. J. W. Fletcher moved it to Chester.

Springfield, Sangamon Co.

Sangamo Spectator, 1827-28: Edited by Hooper Warren. He sold to Samuel C. Merideth. Changed to

Journal and Sangamo Gazette, 1829-30.

Courier, 1830: Editors, Oreo. Forquer and Thomas Ford, (later gov- ernor of Illinois) .

Sangamo Journal, 1831 to date: It appeared weekly from November 10, 1831, to June 13, 1848. It appeared first as a daily on Monday, June 13, 1848, and has since been issued both daily and weekly. This paper supported the whig party, thus favoring a national bank, protective tariff and internal improvements. From the birth of the republican party the Journal supported its principles. Published by Simeon and Josiah Francis, 183L-35; Simeon Fran- cis, 1835 38; Simeon, Allen, and J. Newton Francis, 1838-43; Simeon and Allen Francis, 1843-55; W. H. Bailhache and Edward L. Baker, 1855-62. On September 23, 1847, the name was changed to Illinois Journal; and on August 13, 1855, the name of the paper was changed to that by which it has since been known, namely,

*For Shelby ville newspapers, see Brink. McDonough's History of Shelby Co., p. 83.

—5 H. L.

66

Illinois State Journal. There is nearly a complete file in possession of the State Journal Company. Volume 14 is in the Withers Public Library, Bloomington.

Illinois Herald, 1830 : Published by Samuel S. Brooks and Mr.

Fleming.

Illinois Republican, 1835-39: A democrat paper; supported Jackson's policy; was merged into the Illinois State Register in 1839. It was edited and published by John L. Roberts and Geo. R. Weber. Stephen A. Douglas contributed to its columns. A mob, one of which was the sheriff of the county, attacked the office twice, but was repelled by the Weber brothers.

Illinois State Register, 1839 to date: First known at Vandalia as the Illinois Regifter and Vandalia Republican (which see). In 1839 it was moved to Springfield and became known as the Illinois State Register and People's Advocate, with Wm. Walters and Geo. R. Weber as editors and publishers to 1845. Mr. Walters had form- erly been foreman of the National Intelligencer. After some months the words "People's Advocate" was quietly dropped from the name. Mr. Walters was its editor, 1845-46; Chas. H. Lan- phier, 1846-47; Mr. Lanohier and Geo. Walker, 1847-58; Mr. Lanphier aud Edward Conner, 1858 59; Mr. Lanphier, 1859-63; J. W. Merritt and Sons, 1863-66; E. L. Merritt & Bro., as pub- lishers and John W. Merritt as editor, 1866 to 1873, when he was succeeded by E. L. Merritt as editor. In 1877 the Merritt Bros. :sold to a stock company, and in 1879 this company sold to the Webers and Chas. Edwards. Geo. W. Weber was acknowledged editor-in-chief. In 1881 it was owned and published by Messrs. Smith, Clendenin and Rees. Mr. Clendenin is at present con- nected with the paper. In 1860 Wm. M. Springer appeared as editor, and in 1877 ex-Governor John M. Palmer. Complete files at the Capitol, in State Historical Library. Early copies in base- ment of the Sangamon County Court House. File for 1847 in the library of the Chicago Historical Society.

Illinois Messenger, 1840 : Edited by S. S. Brooks.

Times, 1844-45: A democratic paper edited by Samuel S. Brooks. •Old Soldier, published in 1840 by a whig general committee. Old Hickory^ published by a democratic general committee.

•Conservative, issued during the presidential campaign of 1856. It fa- vored Millard Fillmore's nomination as a candidate for the presi- dency.

* Illinois State Democrat, 1857-60: Managed by J. J. Clarkson and edited by Elliott B. Herndon. While it claimed to represent democracy it combatted the "heresies" of Stephen A. Douglas.

Staunton, Macoupin Co.

Banner, 1858-60: Edited by Parsons Parcy.

* For Springfield newspapers see Interstate Publishing Co. 's History of Sangamon Co., p. 224; also Boss' History of Burly Illinois Newspapers, p. 38.

67

Sullivan, Moultrie Co.

*Express, 1857-66: Edited by J. D. Mondy, 1857-58; J. H. Waggoner and B. B. Haydon, 1858; J. H. and E. E. Waggoner, 1858; E. E. Waggoner, 1858-59; J. H. and I. V. Waggoner, 1859; J. H. Wag- goner, 1859; Mr. Waggoner as manager and John R. Eden, editor, 1859-60. In 1860 its publication ceased for a while. It was re- vived by Alfred N. Smyser and conducted by him, 1860-62; Berry- man Bros., 1862-66 (irregular); Richard Couch, 1866.

Sycamore, DeKalb Co.

Republican Sentinel, 1854-58: Edited by H. A. Hough, 1854- 57; David Dusting, 1857-58. Changed to

Sentinel, 1858-61: Edited by E. L. Mayo, Z. B. Mayo, and J. A. Simons. It supported Douglas for re-election to the senate. Sold to

tTrae Republican, 1857 to date: Edited by C. W. Waite, 1858-63; H. L. Boies. 1863-87; T. 0. Van Galder, 1887 to date. Proprietors: C. W. Waite, 1857-58; J. H. Beveridge & Co., 1858-59; 0. P. Bassett, 1859-62; Mr. Bassett and H. L. Boies, 1862-65; John Nor- ris & Co., 1865-68; H. L. Boies, 1868-74; Boies and Taylor, 1874- 75; Boies and Armstrong, 1875-78; Boies and Peck, 1878-80; Boies

and Hartman, 1880-84; H. L. Boies & Co., 1884 . It was issued

weekly until December, 1869: since then semi- weekly. From 1861 to about the close of the war the paper was known as the Repub- lican and Sentinel. Files in office.

Taylorvllle, Christian Co.

Independent Press, 1858-68: Edited by Benjamin Winters. It es- poused democracy. The press on which this paper was printed had done duty in the office of the Missouri Republican as early as 1808. The first number of that paper was printed on it. In 1831 it was used in establishing the Sangamo Journal in Springfield, Illinois.

^Journal, 1859-short- lived : Democrat; weekly; published by Carr, Van Kirk & Co.

Toulon, Stark Co.

Prairie Advocate, 1856-57: Established by John Gr. Hewitt and John Smith, the latter retiring soon. In spring of 1857 Mr. Hewitt sold to Rev. R C. Dunn, who changed it to

ftStark County News, 1857-60: Mr. Dunn soon sold to Messrs. Hen- derson and Whitaker, and its publication was continued some- what irregularly by Dr. S. S. Kaysbier.

Tremont, Tazewell Co.

lazewell Whig, 1835-48: Edited by Briggs and Farnham. Later the Mirror (see Pekin). Volume three is in the Withers Public Li- brary, Bloomington.

*For Sullivan newspapers see Brink, McDonough's History of Moultrie County, p. 86. tFor Sycamore newspapers see Chapman Bros.' History of DeKalb County. tFor Taylorville papers see Brink, McDonough's History of Christian County, p. 721. ?For Stark County newspapers see Mrs. E. H. Shallenberger's History of Stark County,

p. 161.

68

Tuscola, Douglas Co.

*Press, 1859-short-lived : Proprietor left between two days.

Urbana, Champaign. Co.

Union, 1852-62: Edited by W. N. Coler, 1852-53; J. O. Cunningham and Benjamin A. Roney, 1853-54; Cunningham and Flynn, 1854- 58; D. S. and C. E. Crandall, 1858-61. Issued weekly. File in office of Union at Champaign from August, 1853, to August, 1858. Messrs. Crandall moved the office to Champaign and sold to John. Corrothers, who consolidated it with the Gazette and published the

Union and Gazette to 1863. Then Messrs. Crandall published the

Union, 1863-68; H. L. Nicolet and C. E. Schoff. 1868-76; Schoff and

Geo. P. Christie, 1877-79: Schoff and J. H. Moore, 1877 . In

1852 the Union advocated the election of Pierce for president. In 1856 it came out for Fremont, and has since remained republican in its sympathies.

Constitution, 1856-59: A democratic newspaper edited by Jacob Zim- merman. Moved to Champaign and soon discontinued.

Spirit of Agricultural Press, — — : Edited by L. G. Chase and Abert Gore, 1857-58. Changed to

Central Illinois Gazette, 1858 62: Owned by Dr. John W. Scroggs, and edited by W. A. Stoddard, 1858 60; by Dr. Scroggs alone, 1860-62. He sold to John Corrothers who combined it with the Union. It is still published.

Clarion, 1859-60: Edited by E. A. Munger and Lyman E. Knapp. Office was purchased by Wm. Munhall and changed to

t Hickory Boy, 1860 : Edited by J. W. Jaquith for Mr. Munhall.

Favored election of Douglas to the presidency.

Vandalia, Payette Co.

Illinois Intelligencer, 1820 : Moved from Kaskaskia, (which see).

Here in Vandalia Mr. Berry was succeeded by a brother and Wm. H. Brown. In the convention contest of 1824, differing from his associates, Mr. Brown withdrew. Robert Blackwell became as- sociated with Mr. Berry and the paper became pro- slavery. Mr. Berry finally sold his interest to David Blackwell. It now fought the convention. Judge Hall was for a time its editor. In the Mercantile Library of St. Louis there are a few numbers from 1821 to 1826, inclusive, and from 1827 to 1832, the file is complete.

Vandalia Intelligencer, 1822: Established by anti-conventionists led by Gov. Cole and Daniel P. Cook. Edited by David Blackwell,. Secretary of State.

Illinois Intelligencer, — — : Succeeded the Vandalia Intelligencer. The publication and editorial management were entrusted to Col. Robert Blackwell and Wm. Berry. It championed whig principles.

Illinois. Magazine, 1830--33 (?): Edited by Judge Hall. Salmon P. Chase and Rev. James H. Perkins were contributors.

Gazette, 1831 :

*For Tuscola newspapers see Battey & Co.'s History of Douglas County, p. 167. tFor Urbana newspapers see Brink McDonough's History of Champaign Co., p. 44.

69

Vandalia, Fayette Co. — Concluded.

Illinois Advocate, 1832-36: A democratic paper edited by John York Sawyer. Mr. Sawyer was public printer of the State, 1832-36. In 1836 Seth T. Sawyer was made public printer for the benefit of the widow of John York Sawyer. (See Edwardsville Illinois Advocate.)

State Register and Vandalia Republican, 1836: A democratic paper es- tablished by Wm. Walters. Upon the death of Mr. Sawyer, edi- tor and publisher of the Illinois Advocate, his paper was bought by Mr. Walters and both papers were merged and became the

Illinois State Register and Peoples'1 Advocate, 1836-39: Mr. Walters did the public printing under contract with Seth T. Sawyer for the benefit of Judge Sawyer's widow, as mentioned above. Within the session of the General Assembly of 1836-37, Mr. Walters was elected public printer. In 1839 the paper was moved to Springfield and it became known as the Illinois State Register. (See Illinois Advocate, Edwardsville, and Illinois State Register, Springfield.)

Whig, 1831 39: Edited by S. C. Sherman. Being in reality a repro- duction of the Illinois Intelligencer, it was afterwards called the Vandalia Whig and Illinois Intelligencer. Wm. Hodge succeeded Mr. Sherman as editor.

Free Press, 1839 : Edited by James Kennaday, who, after a short

time, relinquished its management, but, in about two years, took it up again. It was whig and a great admirer of Clay.

Westevn Souvenir, 1839-40: Issued monthly; edited by Judge James Hall.

Olive Leaf, 1843-45: Edited by Killum and Lothrop. Issued weekly. It was a religious journal, being an advocate of the doctrine of the Baptist church. It also had a secular department.

Illinois Sentinel, 1844-46: Edited by John McDonald. Democrat. Fayette Yeoman, 1850, short-lived: Edited by John Kennaday. Whig.

Age of Steam, : Established by Mr. Kennaday. Disclaimed

being a partisan paper, but its tendencies were "Whig." When it passed into the possession of H. P. Bromwell, he styled it the Age of Steam and Fire.

Fayette Observer, 1855-62: It represented democracy until 1860 when it became republican in its sympathies. Edited by Tevis Great- house (with a brief intermission during which time it was edited by Mr. Davis), 1855-59; Messrs. Sturgess and Hickman, 1859-62.

*Fayette Democrat, 1859 to date (1878) : Founded by some leading democrats of the place, and placed under the management or Messrs. Cosman and Flynn. The publication was very irregular until it came into the hands of the present (1878) publisher, Charles G. Smith.

"Warren, Jo Daviess Co.

Republican, 1855: Published one year by Mr. Blaisdell.

Independent, 1857-66: Started by Freeman A. Tisdell, Sr., and Thomas E. Champion — Geo. E. Randall, editor. After several changes Herst C. Gann became editor and proprietor. Changed to

Sentinel, 1866 to date: Published weekly. Files are in the office.

*For Vandalia newspapers see Brink, McDonough's History of Fayette Co., p. 40; also Boss' History of Early Illinois Newspapers, p.p. 11, 16, 38.

70

"Warsaw, Hancock Co.

Western World, 1840-41: Edited by D. N. White. Whig. Changed to

Signal, 1841-43: Edited by T. C. Sharp. Whig. In 1843 the office came into the possession of Thomas Gregg and Wm. Y. Patch, and they issued the

Message, 1843-44, a whig paper. In 1844 the office and material re- verted to Mr. Sharp, who, sometimes alone and sometimes with a partner, published the

Signal, 1844-47; Gregg & Miller, 1847-50. In 1850 it was sold to James McKee, of the Nauvoo Patriot, and he established the Warsaw

Commercial Journal, 1850-53: Mr. McKee sold it to Dr. Rankin and he removed it to La Harpe where it was known as the Hancock Democrat, (which see). In 1851 Mr. Gregg procured an old press and some material and revived the

Signal, 1851-63: In 1853 its name was changed to the

Express, 1853-55: Issued weekly and edited by T. C. Sharp. He sold it to G. G. Galloway.

Hancock Democrat, 1844, four issues. Printed at the office of the Signal for Mr. E. A. Bedell. Its purpose was to advocate the claims of Jacob C. Davis for Congress, but he failing of the nom- ination, the paper was discontinued.

Popular Tribune, 1849 or 1850 for several years: A communist sheet managed by M. Cobet for the French Icarian Community.

Temperance Crusade, 1854: Appeared monthly. Published at Express office by Mr. Gregg. In a few months it reached a circulation of 1700 copies, mainly through the agency of the Sons of Temper- ance. It came by its death by being merged with a similar sheet published in Chicago.

^Bulletin, 1856-63: Its editor was W. K. Davison. For a part of the time he issued a small daily. He entered the army, leaving the paper in charge of John F. Howe, who allowed it to die.

"Waterloo, Monroe Co.

Independent Democrat, 1843-45: Edited by Elam Rust. Changed to War Eagle, 1845 : A democratic paper.

Patriot, 1852-58: A democratic paper. Its publication was suspended a short time in 1857-58. Editor was Mr. Abbott. In 1856 he sold to H. C. Talbott and it was consolidated with the

Monroe Advertiser, 1851-56: Edited by H. C. Talbott. Soon the pub- lication of the Advertiser was stopped, but that of the

Patriot was continued.

Monroe Demokrat (German), 1856: Edited by Wm. Keelman and managed by H. C. Talbott for a company.

Advocate, 1858 to date (1881): The editors in turn for a joint stock company were James Sennott, James A. Kennedy, Mr. Weedin, J. C. Goethe, J. F. Gotshall, 1862-75. In 1875 Mr. Gotshall pur- chased the stock of the company.

* For Warsaw newspapers, see Gregg's History of Hancock Co., p. 390; also. Boss' His- tory of Early Illinois Newspapers, pp. 18-20.

71

"Watseka, Iroquois Co.

Iroquois Republican, 1856-72: Published weekly; edited by Joseph Graham, 1856; Franklin Blades, 1856-60. (See Iroquois Republi- can, Middle-port). Changed to

Watseka Republican, 1872 : Files are in office except from 1859

to 1867.

Middleport Press, 1854-56: Files are in possession of L. F. Watson, Watseka, Illinois.

Waukegan, Lake Co.

Lake County Herald, 1845-46: Whig. Edited by N. P. and S. M, Dowst.

Lake County Visi tor, 1847 — six months: Non-partisan. Published by N. W. Fuller, edited by H. W. Blodgett.

Lake County Chronicle, 1847-55: Published by W. H. Tobey & Co.r and edited by A. B. Tobey.

Free Democrat, 1849 — six months: John Henderson, publisher, and N. W. Fuller, editor.

Gazette, 1850 to date: Established by Nathan C. Greer.

Freeman's Advocate, 1854-55: Established by John Geutzel. In about a year it was sold to S. I. Bradbury and E. S. Ingalls, who at the same time purchased the Lake County Chronicle. They were combined under the name of the Chronicle and Advocater which was afterwards changed to

Independent Democrat, 1855-57: Still edited by Messrs. Bradbury and Ingalls.

Northwestern Orient, 1856 : Published by J. N. Brundage and

edited by J. C. Smith and Ira Porter. It was succeeded by the

Excelsior, — - 1859 : Published and edited by the same parties.

*Lake County Citizen, 1859(?)-60(?) : Published by Fuller & Bailey. This is the same Fuller who was previously connected with the Vrisitor.

Wheaton, DuPage Co.

DuPage County Gazette, 1856-57: Edited by L. E. DeWolf.

"Wilmington, "Will Co.

Herald, 156-60: Issued weekly; edited by W. H. Clark.

"Winchester, Scott Co.

^Republican, : Published by Mr. Ruggles.

"Woodford, Woodford Co.

Sentinel, 1854 :

*Por Waukegan newspapers, see LeBaron & Co.'s History of Lake Co., p. 233. tFor Winchester newspapers see Knapp's History of Scott county, p. 12.

72

Woodstock, McHenry Co.

Sentinel, 1856 to date: Josiah Dwight, editor, 1856-58. Editors and proprietors: A. E. and W. E. Smith, 1858-66; F. M. Sapp and G. B. Richardson, 1866-69; Wm. E. Smith, 1869-72; G. S. South- worth, 1872-79; Mr. South worth and E. F. Glennon, 1879-91; C. A. Lemmers, 1891 to date. At first G. L. Webb and T. F. Johnson were proprietors, and* they probably edited it themselves for a brief period when Mr. Dwight was given charge of that work. In 1857 it became the property of F. W. Franks & Son, with Mr. Dwight still editor. It was not until the advent of Messrs. Smith that local news began to be a feature of the paper. It has ever advocated republican principles. There are complete files in the office.

Illinois Republican, 1846-56: Edited by Josiah Dwight. After sev- eral suspensions and changes of name it became the Sentinel. In 1854 it bore the name of the Republican Free Press.

Democrat, 1849-56, 1858-59: Edited by F. D. Austin. Its publication was suspended a few months in 1859. James L. Martin was owner and editor, 1860-62.

Free Press, 1854-55: Republican. The material became the property of the owners of the

*Argus, 1856-57: Democrat. Edited by E. W. Smith and M. L. Joslyn. Mr. Edson was owner when its publication ceased.

* For Woodstock newspapers see Interstate Publishing Co.'s History of McHenry Co., p, 300.

73

APPENDIX A.

CHEONOLGICAL LIST OF

MISSOURI AND ILLINOIS NEWSPAPERS, 1808-1897,

IN THE

ST. Louis MERCANTILE LIBRARY.

lEvery volume has been collated, and deficiencies are indicated below. W., Weekly; S.-W., Semi-weekly; D., Daily.

1808.

St. Louis. Missouri Gazette, Vol. I, No. 3, July 26. (Fac simile reprint.) WA

In Vol. labeled Old Newspapers, C. The first number was issued July 12, 1808. Name changed Dec. 7, 1809, to Louisiana Gazette; original name resumed July 11, 1812.

1812.

St. Louis. Gazette Extraordinary. July 10.

Broadside. Declaration of war between Great Britain and the United States. Old Newspapers, C.

1816.

ILaskaskia, 111. Western Intelligencer. May-Dec. W.

Vol. I runs from May 15, 1816, to May 21, 1817. Lacks July 2, 16; Sept. 12, 19, 26; Oct. 9, 16. 'j

74

1817.

Kaskaskia, 111. Western Intelligencer. Jan. -Dec. W.

Lacks Feb. 26; May 28; June 4, 11, 18, 25; July 2 to Sept. 3.

St. Louis. Missouri Gazette. Feb. 22. W.

In Old Newspapers, C.

1818.

Kaskaskia, 111. Western Intelligencer. Jan. -May 20. W.

Lacks Feb. 18. Became Illinois Intelligencer with issue of May 27.

Illinois Intelligencer. May 27-Dec. W.

1819.

Edwardsville, 111. Spectator. May-Dec. W.

Vol. I runs from May 29, 1819, to May 23, 1820. Peck Collection, 122*

Kaskaskia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. Jan. -May 12. W.

Lacks March 31.

St. Louis. Enquirer. Vol. 3. Oct. 13, 20, 23; Nov. 6, 10, 27; Dec. I, 4, 11,. 18, 22, 29. S.-W.

In Old Newspapers, B. Previously called Western Journalr and Emi- grant.

1820.

Edwardsville, 111. Spectator. Jan. -Dec. W_

Peck, 122.

St. Louis. Enquirer. Jan. 5, 8, 12; Feb. 12, 27; Mar. 4, 18,25,29; April 12, 15; June 7; Oct. 7, 21. S.-W.

In Old Newspapers, B.

1821.

Edwardsville, 111. Spectator. Jan.-Dec. W.

Peck, 122. Lacks May 8.

St. Louis. Missouri Gazette. Feb. 7; March 14. W.

In Old Newspapers, C. Name changed March 20, 1822, to Missouri Republican.

Register. Dec. 8. W.

In Old Newspapers, B.

Vandalia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. Feb. 20. W_

Peck, 122.

75

1822

Edwardsville, 111. Spectator. Jan. -Dec. W.

Peck, 122.

Star of the West. Nov. 30. W.

Peck, 122.

Shawnee-Town, 111. Illinois Gazette. Aug. 3. W.

Peck, 122.

Vandalia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. Oct. 12; Dec. 7. W.

Peck, 122.

1823.

Edwardsville, 111. Spectator. Jan. -Dec. W.

Peck, 123.

1824.

Edwardsville, 111. Illinois Republican. July 21. W.

Bound with Kaskaskia Western Intelligencer, 1816-1819.

Spectator. Jan.-Dec. Peck, 123. Lacks Dec. 21.

St. Charles, Mo. Advocate. Dec. 24, 31. W,

Vol. I runs from Dec. 24, 1824, to Dec. 17, 1825. See below.

1825.

Edwardsville, 111. Spectator. Jan.-Dec. W.

Peck, 123.

St. Charles, Mo. Advocate. Jan.-Feb. 19. W.

Became St. Louis Missouri Advocate with issue of Feb. 28.

St. Louis. Missouri Advocate. Feb. 28-Dec. W.

1826.

Edwardsville, 111. Spectator. Jan.-Oct. 20. W.

Peck, 123.

St. Louis, Missouri Advocate. Jan.-Dec. W.

Name changed to St. Louis Enquirer with issue of Dec. 14.

Shawnee-Town, 111. Illinois Gazette. Feb. 14. W.

Bound with Kaskaskia Western Intelligencer, 1816-19.

Vandalia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. March 30-Dec. Peck, 124.

76

1827. St. Louis. Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. W.

Lacks Feb. 15, 29; March 1, 8, 22, 29; May 24, 31; Sept. 13; Oct. 4; Nov. 8, 29; Dec. 13, 20, 27.

Vandalia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. Jan. -Dec. W.

Peck, 124.

1828.

St. Louis. Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. W.

Lacks Feb. 12; March 18; Dec. 9.

Vandalia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. Jan. -Dec. W.

Peck, 124.

1829.

Bock Springs, 111. Pioneer. April 24. "W.

Peck, 125.

St. Louis. Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. W.

Lacks Feb. 24; March 30; April 7; May 12; Sept. 1, 22; Dec. 15.

Vandalia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. Jan. -Dec. W.

Peck, 124-5.

1830.

St. Louis. Missouri Republican. Jan.-Oct. 5. W.

Lacks Feb. 23; Apr. 27; May 4, 11; July 27; Aug. 10, 17; Sept. 14,21.

Times (Miller and Lovejoy's). July 10-Dec. W.

Lacks Nov. 6.

Vandalia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. Jan. -Dec. W.

Peck, 125.

1831.

Edwardsville, 111. Western Plowboy. July 27. W.

Peck, 125.

Oalena, 111. Miner's Journal. July 30. W.

Peck, 125.

Kaskaskia, 111. Democrat. July 26. W.

Peck, 125.

77

St. Louis. Beacon. Extra, July 21. W.

Broadside. Appeal of Sp. Pettis. In Old Newspapers, C.

Missouri Republican. March 22. W.

In Old Newspapers, C. Changed to semi- weekly April 9, 1833; and to daily Sept. 20, 1836.

Times. Jan. 1; July 9-Dec.

Shawnee-Town, 111. Illinois Gazette. July 2. W.

Peck, 125.

Vandalia, 111. Illinois Intelligencer. Jan. -Dec. W.

Lacks Sept. 2. Peck, 125.

1832.

Alton, 111. Spectator. June 1. Peck, 125.

Edwardsville, 111. Illinois Advocate. June 5. W.

Peck, 125.

Galena, 111. Galenian. May 16. W.

Peck, 125.

Jacksonville, 111. Illinois Patriot. April 12. W.

Peck, 125.

Bock Springs, 111. Pioneer and Western Baptist. May 25. W.

Peck, 125.

St. Louis. Times. Jan. -March. W.

Springfield, 111. Herald. May 3. W.

Peck, 125.

Sangamo Journal. June 7. W.

Peck, 125.

Vandalia, HI. Illinois Intelligencer. Jan. -March 3. W.

Peck, 125.

1835.

St. Louis. Evening Herald. Vol. I. June 5; Nov. 9. D.

Lacks July 24, 31; Aug. 28, 29: Sept. 28. The first daily issued in St. Louis.

78

1837.

:St. Louis. Missouri Argus. May-Dec. W. & S.-W.

Includes of the Weekly Argus (Vol. III.), May 26 to June 2; Nov. 25; Dec. 9; and of the Semi-weekly (Vol. I.), June 9 to Oct. 18; Oct. 25 to Nov. 15; Nov. 29 to Dec. 9; Dec. 13 to Dec. 30.

1838.

.St. Louis. Missouri Argus. Jan.; July-Dec. S.-W. & D.

Includes Jan. 8 to 13, 23 to 29, of the Semi-weekly; Jan. 20 of the Weekly; and July 31 to Dec. of the Daily. Vol. I. of the Daily ran from July 31, 1838, to Jan. 31, 1839.

1839. St. Louis. Missouri Argus. Jan. 1-31. D.

1840.

St. Louis. Commercial Bulletin. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 12; March 16, 27; July 28, 30; Aug. 5, 8, 9, 15, 17, 22; Oct. 24; Nov. 10, 11, 13.

Log Cabin Hero. May 7. Bound with St. Louis Mill Soy, 1844.

New Era. April 1; Sept. 29. D.

Lacks part of April 1, and Aug. 20.

1841.

St. Louis. Missouri Argus. Daily. Jan. 1-Dec. 15. D.

Lacks March 1, 20; April 2, 23; May 24; June 17, 23; July 5, 6; Aug. 27; Sept. 20.

Missouri Argus. Weekly. Aug. 19; Dec. 2. W.

New Era. March 30-Dec31. D.

1842. St. Louis. New Era. Jan. 1-March 29. D.

1843.

St. Louis. New Era. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Aug. 31.

79

1844. *Booneville, Mo. Coon Hunter. June 14; Sept. 6. W.

* Jefferson City, Mo. Sentinel. Dec. 14. W.

Spy. July 13. W.

*Lexington, Mo. Harry of the West. May 3-Oct. 18. W.

Lacks June 28; July 5, 19; Sept. 20, 27; Oct. 4, 11.

*St. Louis. Mill Boy. Feb. 10-Dec. W.

*NOTB.— With this volume are bound the papers which are starred above and below, and the following: campaign papers of 1844:

Baltimore, Md. American Whig. June 29.

Patriot and Commercial Gazette. May 2. Batesville. Ark. The forty -Acre Soy. Aug. 12. Canton, N. Y. Engineer and Tariff Advocate. Sept. 26. Cincinnati, O. Daily Clay Champion. Sept. 3.

Daily Straightout. Aug. 6. Cleveland, O. Campaigner. May 22. Columbus, O. Ohio Coon Catcher. Aug. 31. Dayton, O. Coon Dissector. Aug. 30.

Log Cabin. March 21. 1840.

That Same Old Coon. July 13. Hagerstown, Md. Ashland Star. Aug. 16. Harrisburg, Pa, Clay Bugle. July 25; Sept. 12. Old Warrior. July 27; Aug. 17. Indianapolis, Ind. Whig Rifle. April 11. Lancaster. Pa. Mill Boy. Aug. 3; Sept. 28. Louisville, Ky. Glee Club Clay Trumpet. Sept. 25.

Journal— Extra. July 25. Maysville. Ky. Henry Clay Bugle. Aug. 1. Mobile, Ala. Clay Banner. June 29. New Albany. Ind. Hepubliean Banner. May 11. .New York, N. Y. Clay Tribune. July 20.

Sober Second Thouaht. Oct. 12. Norristown. Pa. Clay Flag Staff. July 31: Oct. 30. Pittsburg. Pa. Harry of the West. June 26. Raleigh, N. C. Whig Clarion. July 24. Richmond, Ind. Spirit of Old Wayne. Aug. 12; Sept. 3. Springfield, 111. Olive Branch. May 1. 15. Taunton, Mass. Clay Whig. Aug. 28.

Washington, D. C. National Intelligencer— Suppl. to Feb. 29. Washington, Pa. Champion of Whig Principles. July 31; Sept. 2; Oct. 23.

That Same Old Coon. May 7. Woodstock, Vt. Coon Hunter. Sept. 14. -Also the following:

Census sheet of the counties in Missouri for 1844. Speech by Willis L. Williams.

Missourian. Oct. 21, 22, 23. D.

People's Organ. Jan. -Oct. D.

Lacks Jan. 22 to March 22; April 18 to Oct. 19; Oct. 22.

Reveille. July-Dec. W.

Slasher. April 27.

80

1845.

St. Louis. Mill Boy. Jan. 21. W^

New Era. Jan.-March. D_

Reveille. Jan.-Dec. W_

Lacks July 14, 21; Aug. 11; Nov. 17; Dec. 1, 8, 22.

1846.

St. Louis. Missouri Reporter. Daily. July 27- Aug. 15. D.

Lacks July 28; Aug. 8. Bound with St. Louis Union, 1846-7.

Missouri Reporter. Tri- Weekly. July 28-Aug. 21. • Tri-W^ Bound with St. Louis Union, 1846-7.

New Era. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Dec. 4.

Reveille. Jan.-Dec. W.

Union. Daily. Aug. 17-Dec. D_

Lacks Nov. 29; Dec. 26.

Union. Weekly. Aug. 25-Dec. W.

Western Watchman. Nov. -Dec. W»

1847.

St. Louis. Missouri Republican. Jan. 8-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 11, 27, 28, 30; Feb. 2, 16, 25; March 6, 30; Aprit 12, 15, 29; May 7, 20.

New Era. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Dec. 30.

Reveille. Jan. -July 5. W.

Union. Daily. Jan.-Dec. D~

Lacks Jan. 2; July 3; Aug. 6; Sept. 4, 17, 21; Oct 2; Nov. 11, 23, 30; Dec. 11, 13, 16, 30.

Union. Weekly. Jan.-Dec. W.

Lacks March 16.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec. W.

1848.

St. Louis. Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 4, 15; March 6, 29; April 25; May 4, 13, 18; June 2, 3> 10, 24; July 4, 8; Aug. 5, 14, 21; Sept. 1; Oct. 12, 20, 21; Nov. 9; Dec. 8,23.

New Era. Jan. -June. D.

Lacks March 11; April 11; June 5.

Union. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 4, 17; Feb. 1, 19, 29; March 2, 6, 27; April 6, 12, 13, 18; June 2, 3, 21; July 19, 26; Aug. 4, 22, 23; Sept. 7, 11, 28; Oct. 17, 21, 24, 31; Nov. 1, 2, 4, 10, 16, 18.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec. W_

81

1849.

St. Louis. Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks July 3, 5, 9. None published May 18-20, June 9.

New Era. Jan.-Dec. . D.

Union. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks March 22; April 30; Aug 3.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec. W..

1850.

St. Louis. Intelligencer. Morning. Jan.-Dec. D_

Intelligencer. Evening. Oct. 14. -Dec. D.

Bound with the St. Louis New Era, July-Dec., 1850.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Juue 6, 7, 20, 24, 25; July 5; Dec. 13.

New Era. Feb. 5-Dec. D.

Lacks April 1; Aug. 1; Sept. 2.

Tiiries (Buckner's). May 27-Dec. D.

Contains census sheet of Missouri for 1848.

Union. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks July 19.

1851.

St. Louis, 'intelligencer. Morning. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Feb. 5; Aug. 30.

Intelligencer. Evening. Jan.-Dec. D.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks April 11, 29; May 5; Sept. 23; Nov. 28.

Union. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks July 12; Aug. 1.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec. W»-

1852.

St. Louis. Evening News. April 17-Dec. D.

Lacks July 12. Volume I. begins April 17.

Intelligencer. Jan.-Dec. D.

Morning Signal. Jan.-July 8. D.

Western Watchman. Jan, -Dec. W.

—6 H. L.

82

1853. St. Louis. Evening Netvs. Jan. -Dec. D.

Intelligencer. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Dec. 27. .

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Sept. 19.

Western Watchman. Jan. -Dec. W.

1854.

St. Louis. Evening News. Jan. -Dec. D.

Intelligencer. Jan. -Dec. D.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Feb. 25; May 30; pp. 3 and 4 of June 30.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec. W.

1855.

St. Louis. Evening News. Jan.-Dec. D.

Intelligencer. Jan.-Dec, D.

Leader. March 10-Dec. W.

Vol. I.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Deo. D.

Lacks Feb. 23; June 1; December 31.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec. W.

1856. St. Louis. Evening Neirs. Jan.-Dec. D.

Intelligencer. July-Dec. D.

Lacks Sept. 10, 12; Nov. 11.

Leader. Weekly. Jan. -March 1. W.

Leader. Daily (morning). Oct. 13-Dec. D.

Lacks Dec. 6. Vol. 1 begins with Oct. 13.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Feb. 12-15.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec. W.

83

1857.

St. Louis. Evening Netvs. Jan. -Dec. . D.

From Oct. 13 to Dec. 31 called Evening News and Intelligencer.

Intelligencer. Jan.-Oct. 12. D.

For continuation see above.

Leader. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks pp. 1-6 of May 31; Nov. 3.

Missouri Democrat. July-Dec. D.

Vol. VI. runs from July 1, 1857, to Feb. 3, 1858. D.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. D

Lacks Aug. 14.

Western Watchman. Jan. -Dec. W

1858.

St. Louis. Evening News and Intelligencer. Jan.-Dec. D.

Leader. Jan. -Feb. 3. D.

Lacks part of Feb. 3.

Missouri Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec. W.

1859.

St Louis. Evening Bulletin. Oct. 18-Dec. Vol. I. begins with Oct. 18.

Evening News. Jan.-Dec. Called Evening News and Intelligencer up to June 24, inclusive.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. Lacks May 10.

Western Watchman. Jan.-Dec.

1860.

St. Louis. Evening Bulletin. Jan. -April 18. V D.

Lacks Feb. 15; March 16, 20.

Evening Neics. Jan. -Dee. D.

Express. March 10-Oct. 31. D.

Vol. I. Lacks June 6, 15, 22; July 20; Sept. 1; Oct. 3.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Sept. 22.

Missouri State Journal. March 11-July 12. D.

Vol. I.

84

1861.

St. Louis. Evening News. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Sept. 24.

Legal Record. March 11-Dec. D.

Missouri Democrat. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 10, 14, 24; March 2, 15.

Missouri Republican. Morning Edition. Jan. -Dec. D.

Missouri Reptiblican. Evening Edition. July 18-Dec. D.

Lacks July 27; Aug. 9, 11; Sept. 26.

Missouri State Journal. March 11-July 12. D.

Vol. I.

1862.

St. Louis. Evening News. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 31.

Journal of Commerce. April 24-July 30. W.

Legal Record. Jan.-Dec. D.

Missouri Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Not published Jan. 2. Lacks Nov. 18, 28, 29.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -June. D.

Lacks pp. 3-4 of June 30.

Union. June 9-Dec. D.

Lacks part of Sept. 10.

1863.

.St. Louis. Evening Neics. Jan.-Dec. D.

Consolidated in 1867 with the Dispatch.

Legal Record. June 10-Sept. 8. D.

Missouri Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 6; June 19; Sept. 24; Nov. 10, 14, 23, 24; Dec. 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19.

Missouri Republican. D.

July 11 partly missing.

Union. Jan. -June 8. D.

Lacks March 29. Consolidated with the Dispatch.

1864.

St. Louis. Dispatch. Nov. 21-Dec. D.

. Vol. I. begins Nov. 21. Lacks Nov. 25.

Missouri Democrat. Jan. -June. D.

Lacks Jan. 1.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks pp. 1-2 of Jan. 1.

85

1865.

St. Louis. Dispatch. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks April 5.

Missouri Democrat. Jan. -June 30. D.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks March 31; June 2.

1866.

>St. Louis. Dispatch. Jan. -June 30. D.

Journal of Commerce. March 8-Dec. W.

Lacks May 24.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. D.

Times. July 21-Dec. (Hutchins'). D.

Vol. I. begins with July 21.

1867.

St. Louis. Dispatch. July 1-Dec. D.

Lacks part of Oct. 30; Nov. 27.

Journal of Commerce. Jan. -Dec. W.

Missouri Democrat. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Sept. 26.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. D.

Jan. 1. and March 19 mutilated.

Times. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks July 8, 11, 14, 16, 23; Aug. 20.

1868.

'-St. Louis. Dispatch. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks July 4, 26.

Journal of Commerce. Jan.-Dec. W.

Missouri Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks July 4; Dec. 17, 18.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Feb. 27; March 14; pp. 3-4 of March 18; May 27. Times. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 7, 24, 31; March 19; April 28; Sept. 29; Nov. 28.

86

1869.

St. Louis. Dispatch. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks April 9.

Journal of Commerce. Jan. -Dec. W.

Lacks Sept. 24.

Missouri Democrat. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Nov. 19.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -June 30. D.

Lacks Jan. 17; March 18; pp. 1-2 of April 27.

Times. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks July 24, 26; Dec. 4. Not published July 5.

Tribune. Oct. 26-Dec. D.

Vol. I. begins Oct. 26.

1870.

St. Louis. Dispatch. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Aug. 11.

Missouri Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks July 5; Oct 7.

Missouri Republican. May 26-Dec. D..

limes. Jan.-Dec. . D.

Lacks Jan. 5, 31; Feb. 1, 9; July 3, 17, 18; Aug. 5; Oct. 24, 28, 29, 31; Dec. 12.

Tribune. Jan. -June 30. D..

1871.

St. Louis. Missouri Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D..

Lacks Oct. 5, 10, 13. 24; Dec. 24; and all Sunday numbers.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Times. Jan. Dec. D.

Lacks Oct. 18.

1872.

St. Louis. Globe. July 18-Dec. D.

Vol. I. begins with July 18.

Missouri Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 17; and all Sunday numbers.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

•Times. Jan.-Dec. ( D.

Lacks March 5; May 15; July 2; Aug. 14, 21; Sept. 21; Oct. 6.

87

1873. St. Louis. Globe. Jan.-Dec. D.

Dispatch. Jan.-Dec. D.

Jan. 31 mutilated.

Missouri Democrat. D.

Lacks Jan. 7, 18, 30; April 29; Aug. 19; Sept. 5; Nov. 24; Dec. 20, 22, 30; and all Sunday numbers.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Times. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 2; June 21; Sept. 10, 25.

1874.

St. Louis. Globe. Jan.-Dec. D.

Missouri Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Aug. 19; and all Sunday numbers, excepting July 5 and • Nov. 8.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Times. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 16, 27; Feb. 8; Oct. 11.

1875.

St. Louis. Globe. Jan. -May 19. D.

Merged with the Missouri Democrat Junel, as Globe- Democrat, Vol. I.

Globe-Democrat. June 1-Dec. D.

Vol. I runs from June 1, 1875, to May 19, 1876. Lacks June 20; Oct. 23.

Missouri Democrat. Jan. -May 31. D.

Lacks Jan. 1; May 28; and all Sunday numbers, excepting May 16, 23, 30. For continuation see above.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Times. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks April 28; June 30; July 12, 19; Aug. 2, 13, 21, 22, 27; Sept. 7, 12, 20, 29; and most of the papers from April to June are mutilated.

1876.

St. Louis. Globe- Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks Feb. 10; March 27; April 30; Sept. 7.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Times. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks May 13; June 21.

1877.

St. Louis. Globe. Democrat. Jan. -Dec. D,

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. D~

Times. Daily. Jan. -Dec. D.

Times. Weekly. July 5-Dec. W.

Lacks Sept. 6, 13.

1878. '. ',

St. Louis. Evening Post. Jan. 10-Dec. D.

Vol. I. runs from Jan. 10, 1878, to Jan. 9, 1879. Dec. 12-31 called Post and Dispatch.

Globe- Democrat. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Dec. 31.

Missouri Republican. Jan. -Dec. D,

Times. Daily. Jan. -Dec. D,

Times. Weekly. Jan. -Dec. W>

Lacks Oct. 3.

1879.

St. Louis. Globe-Democrat. Jan. -Dec. D.

Lacks Jan. 12; Feb. 3; June 6.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D,

Post and Dispatch. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks pp, 1-4 of March 10; April 16; Nov. 1.

Times- Journal. Daily. Jan.-Dec. D.

Oct. 23-Deo. 31 called Times.

limes- Journal.. Weekly. Jan.-Dec. W.

Oct. 30-Dec. 25 called Times.

1880.

St. Louis. Globe-Democrat. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks May 14.

Missouri Republican. Jan.-Dec. D.

Post-Dispatch. Jan.-Dec. D.

Lacks June 30; Sept. 6.

limes. Daily. Jan. -June 30. D.

Times. Weekly. Jan.-June 24. W.

89

Jan. 1881, to Dec., 1888, inclusive.

St. Louis. Globe-Democrat. D.

Lacks, 1882, Jan. 15; Oct. 18; Dec. 4.

1883, May 31; July 11, 18; Aug. 12. 1886, Aug. 7, 15, 19, 22. 1888, Jan. 1; Dec. 20.

Missouri Republican. D.

Name changed to St. Louis Republic May 31, 1888. Lacks, 1881, Aug. 23. 1884, Aug. 31.

Post-Dispatch. D.

Lacks, 1881, May 31.

1882, April 29; May 22, 23, 24, 27.

1883, May 31. 1888, Dec. 31.

Jan., 1889, to Dec., 1897, inclusive.

St. Louis. Globe-Democrat. D.

Lacks, 1889, Aug. 31. 1892, Jan. 31.

Post-Dispatch. D.

Lacks, 1890, Sept. 12.

1891, Dec. 17, 18, 19.

1892, July 1 to Dec. 31, inclusive.

1893, Jan. 1 to Sept. 30, inclusive.

Republic. D.

Lacks, 1892, July 17; Oct. 28; Nov. 2, 9, 20; Dec. 9, 16, 18.

1893, Jan. 15; Feb. 7.

1894, Dec. 23 mutilated.

—7 H. L.

90

APPENDIX B.

The following histories of Illinois counties, except those printed' in italics at the end of the list, are to be found in the State Historical Library at Springfield. The asterisk, *, preceding the name of a county history, indicates that that history is also in the library of the Chicago Historical Society; the dagger, f, indicates that it is in the Chicago Public Library; the double dagger, J, that it is in the Newberry Library of Chicago. There are eight counties whose his- tories are not found in any one of the four libraries, viz.: Ford, Hardin, Johnson, Mason, Massac, Pope, Rock Island, and TazewelL

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