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1933-1934

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STATE DOCUM

MONTANA
STATE FISH AND GAME

DEPARTMENT

MONTANA STATE DBRW«

930 East Lyndale Avenue

>4elena, Montana 596Qi

THE SPOKTSMAN

Said a five-inch trout as lie scampered back,

"Not all of the human race is black."

I've just met a sportsman in a boat,

A fearful man in a leather coat,

I fought for my life, but his line was strong,

And I couldn't get loose from the hook's sharp prong.

And I shivered with fright as I saw him grin
With terrible glee as he drew me in.
Then the hook came out and his line grew slack,
As he petted my sides, and threw me back.
And I heard him say as I dove down deep,
"Good luck to you, lad, you're too small to keep."
"Yes," said the wise fish, "now and then,
The human family does breed men!"

—Edgar A. Guest.

UNO CO , MCLINA. HONI

To His Excellency,

The Hon. Frank H. Cooney,

Governor of Montana,

Helena.

The State Fish and Game Commission herewith
respectfully submits the biennial report of activities
of the department, setting forth achievements dur-
ing the years 1933 and 1934.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME
COMMISSION

W. P. Sullivan, Chairman
William Steinbrenner Ray G. Lowe

William F. Flynn W. C. Keil

J. W. Carney,
State Fish and Game Warden
and Secretary of Commission.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME

DEPARTMENT

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COMMISSIONERS

W. P. SULLIVAN. Chairman. Square Butte
WILLIAM STEINBRENNER, Missoula RAY. G. LOWE. Glondive

WILLIAM F. FLYNN. Anaconda W. C. KEIL, Billings

JACK W. CARNEY. State Game Warden

GAME WARDEN'S OFFICE STAFF

THOMAS O. PEASLEY. Ass't. Game Warden NELLIE RAW, Secretary
WILLIAM H. VOORHIES, Cashier GERTRUDE SIMON, Stenographer

STATE GAME FARM
J. F. HENDRICKS. Suporintendcnt. Warm Springs

DEPUTY GAME WARDENS

L. C. CI.ARK. Havre HARRY COSNER. Malta

THOMAS DANAHER. Gardiner W. J. DORRINGTON, Libbv

W. A. HILL. Wolf Point A. T. HOLMES, Billings

WM. RAY KOHLS, Ennis E. M. KROST. Missoula

J. I'. McCAFFERY. Anaconda F, R. MARSHALL. Bozeman

P. W. NELSON, Livingston A. A. O'CLAIRE, Kalispell

FRED E. PILLING. Butte C. R. PRICE. Dillon

A. D. ROUSHAR. Cut Bank H. C. SAILOR, Absarokee
J. A. WEAVER, Lewistown

SPECIAL DEPUTY GAME WARDENS

ELMER A. DeGOLIER. Poison H. B. IVES, Superior

HARRY N. MORGAN, Ovando GEORGE MUXT>OW. Glendive

BRUCE NEAL, Augusta FRANK STARINA. Hardin

FRED T. STAUNTON. Roundup LOUIS MILLER. Ilarlowlon

O. L. REED, Miles City H. R. MORROW. Geraldine

FISHERIES DIVISION

KENNETH F. MacDONALD. Superintendent of Fisheries

ANN CRIMMINS, Stenographer

FISH HATCHERIES'

Anaconda, A. G. Stubblefield. Foreman

Big Timber, J. W. S'chofield. Foreman

Daly (Hamilton). J. P. Slu-clmn. Foreman

Emigrant, J. P. Campbell, Foreman

Great FalLs, Leo Gilroy, Foreman

Libby, Elmer Phillips, Foreman

Ovando, George Miller. Foreman

Philipsburg (Rock Creek), (iraham Cadwell. Foreman

Poison (Station Creek t. O. W. Link. Foreman

Red Lodge, Melvin Hoglund, Foreman

Somers, Eli Melton, Foreman

SPAWNING STATIONS

Flint Creek, Georgetown Lake Hebgen Lake, near West Yellowstone

Stewart Mill. (ieorgtMown Lnk<' Lake Ronan. near Dayton

Ashley l^ake, near Kalispell I^ko Francis, near Valier

Rodgers Lake, near Kalispell

POND CTTLTT'RAL STATION
J. H. Chartrand, Foreman, Miles City

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

GAME AND FISH OUTLOOK

By W. P. SULLLIVAN

CHAIRMAN, STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

w-

W. P. SULLIVAN

'EATHER conditions in Montana for the two-year

period, January 1933, to December 1934, were most

unusual. Higher year round temperatures prevailed

with less precipitation over most of the state than for any

two consecutive years in Montana's history.

The light snowfall in the mountains and on the plains
proved advantageous for big game and upland birds, but
the extremely high temperatures and lack of rainfall dur-
ing the last two summers brought an unparalleled drought
condition with coincident suffering and loss to upland and
migratory birds and game fish in the lesser trout streams
of the state.

Most of the trout streams oi-iginating in the Highwood,
Bearpaw, Little Rocky, Snowy, Belt and other mountain
ranges completely dried up in July of this year. Local sportsmen, aided by
deputy game wardens, saved many trout from pools in the drying streams, trans-
porting them to live waters, but it was impossible to keep pace with the
rapidly evaporating waters of the streams and many troxtt were Tost.

In the administration of the business of the Montana Fish and Game depart-
ment, the commission has endeavored to be fair and impartial to every county
in tLie state in the distribution of birds and planting of fish. This policy has
been followed faithfully. The distribution was based on the facilities of each
county to properly conserve the products of the game farm and state hatcheries.

Substantial progress has been made in the past two years in improvements
at the state fish hatcheries, the game farm, and in the construction of rearing
ponds. During the present year the department acquired title to the Daly
hatchery at Hamilton. This hatchery was constructed by the late Marcus Daly
at a cost of $30,000. It was acquired by the department from the administra4;ors
of the estate at a cost, of $4,500.00.

Departmental revenues have decreased in Montana as well as in all other
western states as a result of the nationwide depression, but every division of
the department has continud to function creditably under curtailed expenses.

The game farm at Warm Springs, under the able management of Joe Hen-
dricks, continued to produce from 10,000 to 11,000 birds for liberation each year,
at a cost per bird much below the average in other states.

The state fish hatcheries under the supervision of K. F. MacDonald, have
continued to operate at near maximum production, over 30,000,000 game fish being
produced and planted annually in the streams, lakes and rivers of Montana.
Advantage has been taken of the available relief work and many improve-
ments of a permanent nature have been made at the department stations through-
out the state. Attention is called particularly to the upbuilding of the stations

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

at Lewistown and Giants Springs in Great Falls where an abundant and perma-
nent water supply will always be available.

The Montana highway department has a marvelous record of accomplish-
ment to its t-redit in the past two years. The main highways across the state
are practically completed and hundreds of miles of scenic highways are being
extended to the beautiful mountains. Game, fish and good roads will attract
an increasing number of tourists to the Treasure state in the years to come.

The commission, though heavily handicapped since last April by the con-
troversy which every cme in the state is familiar with, has pro<'eeded with its
official duties and tasks. Under this handicap and harassment, it was difficult
for the commission to accomplish all that was desired, yet much good has been
accomplished.

An atmosphere of mutual respect and harmony prevails between the mem-
l)ers of the commission and the chiefs representing the federal departments and
divisions in Montana. In the final co-ordination and adjustment of the federal
and state game program, no serious conflict is anticipated. These adjustments
can and will be made to the satisfaction of the responsible men concerned and
for the permanent benefit of the people of Montana.

THERE'S A THRILL WHEN THEY BREAK

Montana's .stream.s, abuundinp with fi^lititiK Kiiine trout, provide pleasure and en-
joyment to the tourists passing through the state who try their skill at
the sportiest of all — the flashing rainbow.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

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BENEFITS OF THE BUCK LAW

By RAY G. LOWE

MEMBER. STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Waiting for ma.

Sportsment over the state disagree somewhat regarding the
benefit tlmt is derived from the buck law, but all that is neces-
sary is to study the conditions and the situations in other states
where the deer were almost extinct — and in many sections of
our own state — to determine the practicability of the law.

In some parts of Montana a few years ago, it was a rare
sight to catch a glimpse of a deer, but the buck law has worked
out to such a degree that not one of the locations I have in
mind shows anything but a healthy increase. In many regions
you are allowed to enpoy your hunt through the benefits of
the buck law alone.

At one time the state of Pennsylvania was almost devoid

of deer. Some right-thinking man or men decided to place the

buck law in oiieration and today that state has more deer than

any other. This condition, no matter how hard it is to believe,

was brought about by the buck law in a state that has more

people to the area than any other game-producing state in the nation. The

publi.shed articles of the state pertaining to the matter give full credit to the

buck law.

These astonishing facts or results have been brought about by the protec-
tion of the brood stock. You must protect the brood stock to enable the increase
to come to be of sufficient proportions to take care of the extra kill — coming
each year through new roads into game teriitories, more sportsmen, inci-easing
use of high-powered rifles, and easy transportation by automobile, train and bus.

A stockman who is trying to take care of his herd or is building it up, does
not butcher or dispose of the cows and heifers, but he keeps and holds them
back in oi-der that his herd will increase each year. The record shows that
there is approximately an equal number of does and bucks raised annually. By
saving the does we will soon have as many bucks each year as we formerly
had added together.

Protect the does, save them, and they will furnish you with good hunting
in the years to come. While thinking of this, do not forget the boy gi-owing
up with the same instincts and love of the out-of-doors as you, the same red
blood that leads him into the hills, and the same desii-e to be a good sportsman
and a proud hunter. Give him a chance to enjoy the same things you did and
never be it your lot to say to him :

"Well, son, we had the game, lots of it. but we didn't think of you. We
just killed it ourselves. I am .sorry that .you cannot enjoy the sport I did, the
good times in the fields and .streams. It is my fault, I killed the mothers, the
does, the hens, and now there are none left. If the buck law and its benefits
had been explained to me there would he plenty of game for you * * * It is
too late now."

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

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PROGRESS MADE

By J. W. CARNEY

STATE FISH AND GAME WARDEN

#

T

J. W. CARNEY

«HE Montana fish and game commission presents this

biennial report covering a period of two years, 1933-34,

feeling that despite general economic conditions and

those affecting Montana's game regions, it has made marked

progress and is at least on a par with its neighboring

western states.

It has been no small task to keep in step with the
times owing to the nation-wide depression and the drouth.
Tlie depailment has been able, however, to keep its head
above water, to go ahead when the "going was tough" and
to emerge with a financially sound state game depart-
ment and a healthy condition in Montana's game life.

We were forced to face immediate problems, as other

western states were facing them. Although handicapped by

a decrease in license sales during the last two years, the department went on,

still keeping on a cash basis, and built up defenses for general drouth attacks

upon our fish, game and birds.

Streams were stocked with game fish under the supervision of Kenneth
MacDonald, fisheries superintendent, and birds were planted in all the counties
by Joe Hendricks, supervisor of the state game farm. Montana, despite the
depression, despite even the conspiracy of the elements, went ahead instead of
"keeping even' 'or going backwards. In many of our projects we were aided
substantially by the civil works administration and the ftnleral emergency relief
administration, and to these federal organizations we are very grateful.

The state fish and game department is a self-sufficient organization and does
not receive one cent of tax money. It is supported solely and entirely by the
sportsmen of the state, through the sale of licenses, the sale of confiscated guns
and fi.shing equipment, and by fines imposed for game law violations in Montana.
True, Montana has shown a decline in receipts during the past biennium, but
we have kept on a sound financial basis — better even than many of our sister
states.

The commission maintains fourteen fish hatcheries in the state of Montana,
a state game farm at Warm Springs that has distributed more than 20,000 birds
during the last two years, as well as the wardens and personnel of the depart-
ment. Although revenues have fallen off during the depression and the dry
years, the state department of fish and game has gone ahead, curtailed econom-
ically, but still maintained high standards of efficiency as seen in the reports
of this biennial.

Due to the creation and maintenance of game preserves and the destruction
of predatory animals by fe<lerul and state trappers, big game in Montana is on
the increase. Although the 1S>34 season was one of the poorest from the standpoint
of hunting conditions, reiM)rts received by the department show a substantial deer
kill and the elk kill, although smaller than formerly, stands out as exceptional
considering the mild weather and lack of snow.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

During the season of 1033 the department paid bounty on 91 mountain lions.
The fish and game commission pays a bounty of $25 for each lion liilled within
the state. These animals are great enemies of wild life as well as domestic stock,
and the commission feels that the payment of the bounty is small, indeed, to the
return to the sportsmen of the state.

It is hard to speali definitely of pi-ogress — although the commission has
been assured that progress has been made, considering the critical period that
the department has passed through with colors flying and increasing support
from the sportsmen of the state. The commission has carried on its work — and
this is outstanding — it has stayed within its income. There have been curtail-
ments in all departments, but the loyal support and cooperation of all sportsmen
in Montana has been most gratifying.

Montana is rapidly coming to the forefront as a sportsmen's paradise, not
only for those in Montana but for those in other states — east, west, north and
south. License returns for this year show a great number of outsiders coming
to Montana in quest of big game — the chance to hunt through this mai-velous
oountrj' — its natural parks as great as its national ones. Credit must be given
to the highway commission for its program of better roads, to the forestery
service, and to other agencies bringing about a "Montana Game Revival".

A perusal of the reports of the biennial show progress. This, coupled with
the knowledge that Montana sportsmen are behind the Montana fish and game
commission and are ready to cooperate to the fullest degree, leads me to say
that the future of the Montana fish and game department looks brighter.

STOPPING ON THE WAY SOUTH

tiSf^^

With government aid, it is hoped that many of the sloughs and lakes in Montana

may once again be the nesting grounds for migratory birds and the

real days of the "flight" will live again.

10 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

@

MIGRATORY BIRD PROBLEMS

By KENNETH F. ROAHEN

U. S. GAME MANAGEMENT AGENT
Montana. Wyoming, Idaho District

^

Duck and goose shooting conditions in Montana for the 1934 season have
been anything but pleasing to the sportsmen.

During September and the early part of October, a numl)er of the principal
duck centers, such as Hebgen lake, Madison lake, and Red Rock lakes, carried
an apparent concentration far beyond the usual number of birds, this condition
evidently being caused by the shortage of water areas in the Dakotas and other
adjoining territories.

Shortly after the shooting season opened, the liirds, except for short
inten'als, apparently left the district and the general average for tlic .season
was a lower percentage tliaii hist year, that is, covering the entire state.

Apparently the Flathead district was the favored location this year, as
perhaps more ducks and gee.se were seen in that section than in any other part
of the state.

Bowdoin lake, which is usually the hunters' paradise, this year offered
very ix)or shooting in comparison with former years.

Warm weather conditions, which prevailed throughout October and the early
part of November, preventel hunters from obtaining much shooting, but on the
other liand these conditions greatly favored the birds.

(»wing to the .scarcity of ducks and ixior shooting conditions, a ntuuber of
tlu' large duck clubs did not open their clubhouses during the .sejison.

It is estimated that 85 per cent of the ducks and gee.se that migrate along
the Ignited States flyways are raised on Canadian and Alaskan breeding
grounds, and the outlook is dark now because these breeding grounds have mil
Itecn occupied this season to anywhere near th(>ir capacity. Estimates made
l)y observers ranged from 7(t per cent normal in sonu> areas to as low as \0 per
cent in others.

In our country it is estimated that more than 17.000,000 acres of land, once
marsh or lake, have now been drained in the north central states alone, largely
to the detriment of both game and man. and the effects of this unwi.se drainage
have been felt in Montana as elsewhere.

Several pruijo.^'d bird refugees for Montana hav(> now been examined for food
values and water supply, and it is hoped that some of lhe.se projects will reach
an early completion.

In llie imsl few years, it has been claimed Iiy siK)rtsnieii that the oiH'U
.shooting season under the federal reiiulat inns did not prescribe the |ii-o]mt (l:ite-<
for sho()ting. This year, a new sy.steni Wiis adopted. Although the actual nundier
of shooting days was reduced from (iO to :!0. the .state game comnii.ssion of each
state was given tlie riglit to specify just how the sea.son should be divided to
suit best the needs of their local districts.

It was their privilege to say wluMher the .M-Jison .><honl(l be .'{0 consecutive days,
or six weeks of five days, or 10 weeks of three days, or 15 windis of two days each
week. The Montana game commission selected 10 weeks of three days each. This
exiK-rinient was tried in order to a.scertain whether rest days would be of value to
the bird.s, and at the .same time to give the sportsmen as lilM-ral shooting as possible.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

11

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THE SUN RIVER ELK HERD

By BRUCE NEAL
DEPUTY STATE GAME WARDEN

= #

The state game department has done remarkable work in controlling the
migration of elk in the mnch-talked-about Sun River country, particularly in
the last biennium when camps were established to drive the herds into proper
range and to protect the farm lands in the valley.

As an initial move the department closed to hunting all the drainage of the
North Fork of Sun river lying in Teton county. These regulations allowed a
great number of elk to cross over into that area and to winter there. The area
was an old winter range for elk and it was not until 1925 that the elk drifted
from it.

The building of the big storage dam in the canyon resulted in the hunters
forming a "firing line" on the North Fork along the Teton side and forced
the elk to change their migration to other ranges. In December, 1933, but
further south, a man was employed to herd the elk back from the ranches.
As there was no feed left on the forest ranges, the elk started to come out in
late December, many locating in the foothills.

Cow Elk Dies Trapped in Barbed Wire

A short distance away the baby calf was found waiting. Hidden strands of wire in

the undergrowth surrounding the forest on Ford Creek proved fatal to this

cow elk. The dead elk was found one mile below Carl Fender's dude ranch.

12

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

As winter ranges were in poor condition, chiefly tlirough over-grazing of
domestic stock, elk wore forced on ]irivatc property. We received a drift from
tlie Dearborn country and from those ranges south of Ford creek to Lewis and
Clark pass that had been "grazed off.

In January, 1934, we established a camp of four men and moved the elk
north — mostly across Sun river. We were able to move these elk and handle
them without much difficulty. By moving cattle and sheep farther back in
the national forest, adequate winter range would be provided and oik would
not be forced outside on private land.

From what we have seen of the range during the fall and early winter of
1934, there is .sufficient feed on the North Fork of Sun river and also on the
West Fork. The manner in which the elk are drifting indicates that there will
not be much of a migration outside, except from the Dearlx)rn countiT- We
believe that we can drift those north by continuing our control work — an admitted
success.

In 1932, 562 elk were killed in the Sun River drainage and enough were taken
out of the Teton to make a total kill of 700 head. The kill for 19.33 in the Sun
river drainage was 138 head and 27 were taken out of the Teton, making the
aggregate kill for the year about 165 head. Because of mild weather, the elk
did not come down until after the season was over. The kill in 1934 in the Sun
river drainage amounted to 160 head and about 20 were taken from the Teton. A
very mild winter and a lack of snow kept the kill light. A large number of
tho.se killed were shot south of Ford creek and Smith creek, many being forced
outside by range conditions in the Dearborn counti-j'-

The elk count made by our party in 19.33 was 2,.$98. This was made in
March of that year. We took a heavy loss after the count as the elk were

poor and weak, dying heavily after
green grass came. My count in April.
19.34, was 1.9S1. Wo have had a good
calf crop this year but I do not be-
lieve there are more than 2.."i00 head
in I lie entire territory.

This cow elk in the Sun River country

believes in a morning bath along

with a drink.

Note: Bruce \eal has lived in the
Sun river country for 27 years and is
con.sidered the best informed of any
man in ^Montana on the elk .situation
in lh;it territory. His chiefs .say:
"He's been over the whole country
barefooted". During the patrol in early
lii.'M. he kept a <laily diary of his
\vorl<. The item below tells only a
small jiart of the Sun river story:

".laiuiary 27, 1931 — Up before day-
liglil. Tom look nie n]^ behind Heinle
Brookliaits. 1 cliinlx'd on top of Mo-
Tarty hill. -Nixon rod«' on the lower
rim. Frank half a mile lower down
and Tom on the outer edge. We started
the big drive.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION 13

"I followed Lime ridge over the top, picking up small buuches. We cow-
bellied them, the boys below making considerable racket. We moved the entire
buch north. On lea\ang the head of Lime I'eef we could see the had of the
hej'd coming through the pass far below on Out Rock basin.

"Looking down from the head of Lime gulch I could see long files of elk
trailing out through the pass into the green timber headed for Beaver creek.
This was part of the herd I spilled on McCarty hill at daybreak. I had close
to 100 head in front of me on Lime reef. These broke down on the end and
through the narrow pass into Cut Rock basin before the bunch the other boys
were bringing through under the foothills.

"I ran all the way from the top of the mountain down to the pass, climbed
high up on the north side of the pass and just made it in time to head the lead
back towards the gulch. It was wonderful sight to see those elk, about 400
head I would judge, strung out in long files, each bunch with its leaders. The
whole basin was covered with them. We gave them plenty of time to settle
aown, then edged in slowly. They scattered some but the main bunch broke
down through Holme's gulch * * * »

"THOSE ANTELOPE"

By W. P. SULLLIVAN

CHAIRMAN, STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Reports from reliable sources indicate some increase in the number of
antelope in isolated bands throughout the state. The herd on the Sullivan
game preserve near Square Butte has increased normally in the last two years.

Excessive heat, drought, grasshoppers and a consequent low stage of stock
water, forced the removal of all domestic stock from the preserve in mid-July.
About the first of August the antelope herd began to break up into small bands
and migrate. They scattered over southern Choteau, northern Fergus and Judith
Basin counties.

It was with deep apprehension concerning the future of these antelope that
we discovered only a few remaining on the preserve on September 10. We had
a five-day rainstorm, accompanied by snow, in late September, followed by a
r)eriod of warm, spring-like weather. On October 6, I made an all-day ride
through tne presei*\'e and was delighted at the view from every hill crest. The
antelope had returned home ! Grasshoppers had disappeared, water was revived
in springs and reservoirs and new grass had turned hills and valleys green.
I spent the entire day in the hills and counted 812 antelope within the enclosure.

On November 15, I made a careful survey of the winter feed situation on
the preserve. There are about four sections of good winter feed in the rough
interior of the preserve that escaped destruction by hoppers. Should we have
another mild winter, this feed will be ample, with four-fifths of the preserve
reduced to the status of a desert. I feel that hay will have to be provided if a
considerable loss is to be avoided.

14

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Some of the best wheat producing lands in Montana are adjacent to this
preserve on the north and east. An ordinary four or five barbed wire stock
fence will not confine antelope in a field or pastui-e. They find a slight depression
under the wire and establish a run-way there, always going under a wire fence
when not forced or frightened. They graze out over the wheat fields in bands of
from 10 to 200.

I desire to say a word of praise and commendation of my good neighbors
for their patience and sportsmanship. They have shared without complaint part
of the cost of the maintenance of these antelope and I deeply appreciate their
attitude.

Last May I stopped at a farm bordering the preserve. About a quarter of a
mile distant were about 150 antelope grazing on a nice, green wheat field. My
neighbor .said: "Beautiful sight". 1 replied: '•Yes, Jim; but I don't believe they
are doing much damage to the wheat, are they?"

"No, not much," he said; "but I'll be d ed if 1 believe they are doing it

much good, either."

GAME LAW VIOLATIONS

By T. O. PEASLEY

ASSISTANT STATE GAME WARDEN

Despite the fact that the last two years have been serious ones from the
standpoint of law enforcement, considering the financial condition of many of
tlie people of the state, the department has been able, through rigid patrol by
its: deputies, to keep game law violations at a minimum, and to show a marked
reduction over former years.

The peak of Inw violation was reached in lOHO when 514 arrests were made.
There has been a decrease from that year, and the last biennium showed that
sportsmen in the state, or those in quest of wild game, are l>ecoming more

game-minded and are taking the laws of the state more seriously.
In the fi.scal year ending June oO. VXVA, there were 468
arre.sts made in Montana and in the fiscal year ending June
.">0, i;>;>4, only 'Ml violators were placed under arrest. With
many people on relief rolls and others striving to better their
larders by violating the game laws, the state deimrtment
believes that it has kept violations down to a minimum.

Leading the list of violations were those arrested for
hunting and fishing without licenses and those apprehended
for killing wild game and birtls out of season. During 11)3^
there were 122 arrests for fishing without a license, 34 for
liunting without a license. 47 for killing deer out of season,
and ;;o for fishing in closed streams. Although violations
were considt-rably lower in 1!K54, the sjime ratio held true to
tlie particular forms of violations.

Of particular interest to tho.se who love fishing and love
to al>i<l(' by the "rules of the game," is is interesting to note
tliat during the entire biennium only eight were arrested for
catching over the limit and .34 for catching more than five
fish umlor .seven inches in length.

Sniff!

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

la

With limited funds at its disposal, the game department has striven to
cover 90,000,000 acres or 140,997 square miles within Montana's border. Hindered
by a legal controversy, which at times tended to undermine the spirit of the
department, it went ahead with its activities, and is proud of its efforts in
protecting game life in the state from those who would destroy it.

With 50 game law violations, Deer Lodge county heads the list for arrests
in 1933, and still retained its place in 1934 with 39 arrests. During the biennium
Carter, Daniels, Garfield, Liberty, McCone, Powder River, Teton, Treasure and
Wibaux counties emerged with a clean slate.

The following shows the record of arrests for violations of the fish and
game laws during the last 22 years :

1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923

49
123
237
156
171
219

60
116
278
336
403

1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934

328
482
366
345
407
341
514
455
458
468
347

WONDER ABOUT THE BUCK EAW?

\ *. \ -

/Ov <

Killing does in Gallatin County

16

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

GOOD HUNTING— GOOD REARING

By J. F. HENDRICKS

SUPERINTENDENT, STATE GAME FARM

&

WITH tlio help of the Civil Worlis Administration
and the Federal Emergency Relief association, groat
improvement and repair work has been done during
the last biennium at the state game farm. In addition to
improvements on the general grounds, several quail pens
have been constructed so that in the near
future this sporty bird will be reared
and raised from the farm in greater
numbers than in the past.

We liberated more than 20,000 birds
during IIKW and 1934, and as a result. 'I

have had the best hunting this fall than
ever in the State of Montana, accord-
ing to the reports that I have received from siiortsmen
over the state. From ammunition and sporting goods
dealers corner the word that they have enjoyed the best
business in many years. That means that the service
stations, the garages, and other business houses have
derived considerable benefit from the sportsmen during
the open season this year. It was inevitable that busi-
ness would lie aided — and it .speaks well for the state
game farm.

Last summer we tried out the grasshopper and gopher
poisoning on the pheasants. We gave it a very good
test by placing one pair of pheasants in a small pen
and spreading the poison on th(> ground. The birds
would not eat it. We did not give them anything else
for four days and still the birds refused to touch it.
On the fourth day. we mixed some wheat with the poison.
The birds carefully picked out the wheat and let the

poison remain untouched. We left the birds in the pen for four weeks and did
not lose a bird. We feel certain the sportsmen will feel better towards the
farmer for trying to save his crops by grasshopper and rodent poisoning. The
farmer has no intention of harming the birds.

I wish to say a few words in connection with the "no hunting or trespassing"
signs that are numerous in our hunting regions. In most of the investigations
I have made, I have found that nine times out of ten the hunter has been the
cause — and no other. The careless luniter will enter a place without regard
to property, leaving the gates oik>ii. and snnit'timcs cutting tlie fence. Without
taking time to .see what is moving — a calf, hog, or even cow — will shoot, hoping
it is a cock Chinese pheasant.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

17

I tliiuk it is the dr.;y of tlie sportsman to drive up to the farmer's home
and ask permission to fi<h or hunt. Usually he will gladly grant the permis-
sion. After all, the farmer raises the liirds and he is entitled to some considera-
tion. It is the duty of all sportsmen to preach this gospel — respect the property
of others.

If we do not, we will soon find conditions in Montana the same as they
are in the eastern states where hunters have to pay a certain fee for the right to
hunt. I am certain we do not want that sort of a situation in Montana. In the
state of Wisconsin hunters pay $3.00 for a pheasant. How many of us could
afford such a sport? Remember the property owner and help him — he will help
us and be our friend.

There have been numerous complaints concerning the bag limit of three
cock Chinese pheasants and no hens. The foes of the present system tell of
shooting hens by mistake. Any person who shoots a hen for a cock is a
'mistake".

I do not think there is a chance for a mistake. The trouble is that some
hunters are over-anxious and do not take time to look. All they think of is
shooting when they hear the explosion of a covey, the whir of wings, and the

shooting when they hear the explosion of
a covey, the whir of wings, and the sight
of birds darting into the sky before them.
There is as much difference as a woman
and a man on the street.

If the game commission would change
the bag limit to two cocks and one hen,
every hunter in the fields would shoot at
the first bird in the air, feeling that the
law was being obeyed. The same situation
would embrace the entire hunting season.
On the second shot — who knows what will
happen? There would be a flagrant abuse
of the law. Hens would be slaughtered on
the impulse of the first shot — or the second
— or the third.

Let us save the hens for a few years,
as they are the foundation of this wonder-
ful sport. When the time comes that we
have too many birds, I am certain the
commission will grant you a longer season,
and I will help in its advocation.

Always remember, you will have a good
number of cocks and still have plenty for
I)reeding purposes.

I know they can hide and protect them-
selves when the hunting season is on — we
have instructed them in taking care of
themselves before leaving the farm.

The Hungarian pheasant, one of

Montana's sportiest game birds,

ready to "explode" on a second's

notice.

18

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

A NEW PARADISE

By W. C. KEIL
MEMBER, STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

r

W. C. KEIL

'N 1935, the new Red TiOdge-Cooke City road to Yellow-
stone National Park will be formally opened, and with
its openinj; one of the most scenic regions in Montana
will be made accessilile to the tourist, the fisherman, the
liunter. Hundreds of sparkling streams and hidden lakes
will be exposed — a new paradise for Montana sportsmen.

This road reaches an altitude of more than 10.000 feet
where it crosses the Beartooth plateau. Many lakes can
be counted while driving along this highway and the scenery
has no comparison. Work of biiilding up this primitive area
so that it will provide excellent fishing, even in the re-
gions of the glacial lakes, has already been started by the
state fish and game department. Fish were stocked in
many of the lakes this year — the fingerlings being taken
horse pack over the rugged mountains and to the lakes shimmering beneath high
snow-ix>aked mountains.

With its great scenic value, its primitive and rugged characteristics, the
flowing streams abounding with fish, and the magic lakes hidden in the moun-
tains, this territory will mean much in increasing tourist travel to Montana —
an industry for years undervaluated but of groat importance in placing the state
in its proper place in the recreational map.

The area that the n(>w highway will open is southwest of Billings, in ilscll'
a great fishing territory, ;in(l destined to liecome an idc.il vararion land. Close to
the B<>artooths — through whicli the Bed Lodge-Cooke City highway travels — are the
Absarokas and Sho.shones, a wilderness of towering peaks and A'irgin forests.
In tins area, is Montana's new paradise — both from the viewpoint of scenic
wonder and the possibilities for wild life. It is a region which those who have
scaled the Alps declare is paid no complinieiit when called '"The Switzerland of
America".

Within this area are 25 peaks over 112,IK)0 feet high, among them Granite
peak, highe.st mountain in Montana, .'iltitude 12.f>no feet and scaled for the first
time In 102.S, and Silver Hun. second highest ; hundreds of lakes, several of
considerable size; innumerable streams and waterfalls, endless miles of foot and
.saddle trails, and in.iiiy vantag*- points from which may be seen never-to-be-
forgotten panoramas of peak and plain.

For the most part tliis mountain area is still a primitive wilderness, peopled
only i)y the animals, birds and fish that have .seen few hunters or fishermen
since the days of the Indian. Excellent fishing is in store for those who wish
to cast a dancing fly over the surfaces of .some of its streams. In the streams
and lakes is to be found rainbow. Loch Leven, eastern brook and native trout

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

19

A visit to Yellowstone National Park, one of the pleasures which millions
of people have had and almost everyone would like some time to enjoy, will
this year offer additional thrills with the opening of the new highway. The
highway lessens the distance to the park by approximately 50 miles, making it
an easy four-hour drive from Billings. From Billings to Red Lodge it is a
distance of 60 miles, over an oiled state road and through the "Gateway to the
Beartooths".

From Montana waters

I-eaving Red Lodge it goes past the fur farms and zoo, by Rock Creek
valley, about four miles being national forest highway. Then, as the govern-
ment-built road, 60 miles long, starts its trip through the colorful mountains, a
new region, unique in its primitive appeal, comes into A'iew. From 6,000 feet it
rises to Beartooth plateau, 11,000 feet above the sea, then goes over the "top of the
world," past lakes, across the end of Beartooth, largest lake in the region,
on to Cooke City, center of a rich mineral area and to the park but four miles
beyond.

THE FEDERAL "BAG"

What is coming out of the grab bag is always a mystery, but when the
Biological Survey Agents grabbed the whole bag of three hunters, they found
plenty cause for excitement. One look was enough, for the three men had 86
ducks in their possession, including 45 bluebills, 39 canvasbacks. and two red-
heads. This took place in Maryland, which is the northernmost state of the
south Atlantic district. When federal agents get you, they may leave your
pants, but these three hunters not only lost their kill, but their guns, hunting
coats, jackets, licenses, and duck stamps. Quite a grab, but it probably was
not a blind one.

20

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

®

MONTANA'S FISH FUTURE

By KENNETH F. MacDONALD

STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF FISHERIES

e-

•&

THE bicnnium covered by this report marks a most active period in fisheries
work. The major activities were confined to improving the physical plants,
rearing ponds at the hatcheries and the hatchery grounds. While the
department revenue, available for this work, was in it.self inadequate, it was
possible through the opportunity created by the Civil Works Administration to
undertake a heavy program and we are appreciative of the whole-hearted coopera-
tion of the Federal, State and County officials administering that program in
Montana.

With the economic conditions of the country bringing to light the necessity
of planning for the future, it is most gratifying to know that those interested
in the planning programs are taking full cognizance of the important part fish-
ing plays in the economic and recreational structure of the state. With such
consideration given this valuable natural resource, the future looks most promising.
In order to develop and maintain fishing on a satisfactory level, it will
require a broadening of the scope of activities, generally considered as sufficient

THOUSANDS ARE SAVED

This new type of fish trucli is now being used by the state fisheries

division. With this apparatus for aeration, fish are taken many

miles for planting, without loss.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION 21

to perpetuate fishing. Tliis scope has been broadened considerably during the
past 10 years witli results showing the value and necessity of instituting a
program of even greater range. Fish culture, as practiced, is not sufficient to
maintain fishing on account of closely related factors, apart from fish cultural
activities, such as water conservation, water uses, irrigation ditcli losses,
pollution and stream improvement which must be given consideration in order to
obtain best results. It should be borne in mind that there is danger of developing
one or more of these factors at the expense of another of equal or greater
importance.

Rather than endeavor to broaden the scope of activities to include the related
factors at the expense of the hatchery operation, means should be made avail-
able to finance this work independent of the amount necessary for hatcheiy
operations. If not, there is grave danger of the available revenue being pro-
rated to the extent that no phase will be properly developed. With the depart-
ment rcA'enue returning to the 1928 and 1929 level, much of this work could be
undertaken but it is not possible with present revenue. If more thought would
be given to the importance of developing this natural resource, more revenue
would be provided, by, not only sportsmen, but, by everyone interested in Mon-
tana's welfare.

Egg Collections

Montana is in an enviable position in having such valuable spawning fields
which .supply the game fish eggs for the hatcheries. Georgetown, second to
none, showed a decrease in 1933 due to overfishing by anglers out of employ-
ment at Butte, Anaconda and Philipsburg and to the extreme low water in the
Flint creek drainage. It is a most difficult problem to exercise proper control
over the fish population in Georgetown lake for the reason there are numerous
spanning areas in the lake where large numbers of trout spawn under natui-al
conditions. During normal years with Flint creek carrying its average flow
a larger percentage of spawners, attracted by the current into the lake, migrate
up-stream and are taken in the traps, while during years of extreme drought
a larger percentage spawn on the beds in the lake.

Thus, it is not possible to use the total eggs collected in any one season as
a guide for restocking, but consideration must be given to all factors having a
bearing upon the reproduction. There is danger of over-stocking a lake such as
Georgetown and, in fact, it has shown indications several times of being over-
ix)pulated. This lake is one of the department's most valuable assets. The
egg collection the spring of 1934 showed a decided improvement and with return
of normal weather conditions it is exjiected the egg take will again approximate
that of the banner years.

A matter of grave concern is the presence of the common suckers in George-
town. These fish were never present until 1926 when literally thousands of their
fry were found in the creek which connects Silver and Georgetown lakes. It
was not possible to remove them, on account of their size, until 1933 when 48
tons weie removed by "plant nets" .set in the lake. The spring of 1934, 74 tons,
by actual measurement, were removed and it is planned to continue this work
in order to retain favorable conditions for trout.

To further secure the supply of native cutthroat eggs, plans were made to
develop Ashley lake in the Kalispell district. To ascertain the number and
qualitj of eggs available in 1932, traps were installed and 295,000 eggs collected.

22 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

No attempt was made to collect eggs in 1933 but the spring of 1934 the station
was again opened and 940,900 eggs taken, rormauent traps are being installed,
the old hatchery and dwelling are being repaired and it is planned to oi^erate
this station each spring and develop the field as rapidly as possible.

With the increased demand for loch leven in the Missouri and Yellowstone
rivers, the need for a loch leven spawning station became apparent in 1930.
Plans were laid for the development of a rainbow and loch leven spawning
field at Hebgen lake and substantial plantings of fingerlings were made begin-
ning in 1931. Traps were installed in Duck creek. South Fork of the Madison
and in the main Madison river during the fall of 1933 and a total of 4,804.000
loch leven eggs collected. Using the same traps, in the spring of 1934 more than
5,000 000 rainbow eggs were taken. Permanent traps are now being installed
and buildings erected for living quarters for the personnel. This promises to
be one of our major stations.

In order to obtain information incidental to the operation of the Hebgen
lake stations, two hundred loch leven and rainbow trout were tagged, when
taken in the trap, on the left gill cover and it would be appreciated if anglers
taking any of these tagged fish would report to the fish and game office in
Helena, a deputy game warden or park ranger as to where the fish was taken,
number of tag, date taken, length and condition of fish.

The rainbow station at Lake Francis is showing a steady improvement with
fishinij' reported the best in history this year. Lake Ronan shows the exp«>ctod
decline — the penalty for indiscriminate iilanting of exotic fish by misguided
sportsmen.

Tte fall of 1933 temporary traps were installed at several points in the upper
Big Hole river and eastern brook trout eggs collected. There are splendid
opportunities there for a good collection, but due to lack of revenue it was not
in optH-ation this fall. The traps are widely separated which requires a watch-
man at each to prevent poaching.

In line with the improvements made at the hatcheries with a view of im-
proving both quality and <iuaiitity of the output, rearing ponds have been con-
structed at several of the slalions. Circular concrete ponds, of the tyi)e devised
by L. E. Mayhall of the Washington State Game Commission, were constructed
at Gmat Falls, Somers and Anacond.i. These i)onds are 40 feet in diameter,
30 inches deep with (he bottom samer-shaped, sloping to the center where tlu-
water is discharged. The supply pipi' delivers the water at an angle creating a
circular movement. Ponds of this type have proven very satisfactory from
.several angles — (1) practically every section of the ptmd presents the sjime
conditions, that is the velocity and depth of the water is uniform, a distinct
advantage over the rectangular pond where the sturdier fish occupy the upper
section of the pond forcing the weaker fish to llii' lower and less desirable
sections — (2) tlie circular pond is practically self cleaning with the waste and
debris gradually working toward the center and outlet of the pond. The carrying
capacity is more than doubled and it is intended to construct more of this tyi)e
as revenue is available.

Another pond proving very sjitisfaetory is a .semi-natural pond, first tried
out at the Hig TimlK-r hatcliery. In this type, it is endeavored to develop con-
ditions as nearly natural as possil>le with artificial construction intended to add
to the carrying capacity. A i)ond Tr> fcH't wide and 150 feet long has proven
lh(> most satisfactory. A floor lU feet wide is laid lengthwise through the center

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

23

of the pond with three side floors, equidistant, of the same width running from
the center floor to the outer edges of the pond. The portions of the pond, not
floored, produces a dense growth of aquatic vegetation, absolutely essential to the
successful operation of a pond of this type.

The water generally used in this pond is deficient in oxygen, being used in
the hatchery and smaller fry ponds before reaching the large pond, it also carries
a certain amount of waste material which must be taken care of. These two con-
ditions are remedied through the presence of aquatic vegetation which absorbs
the carbon dioxide thrown off by decay of waste material and respiration of
fish, and in turn throws off oxygen which is essential to fish and all aquatic
animal life. Thus gases thrown off as a waste product by the plants are
essential for the well being of the fish and the waste product thrown off by
the respiration of the fish and other animals are taken up by the growing plants,
plants.

Fish reared in this type pond are far superior to the fish reared in ponds
constituting entire artificial conditions, for the reason there is more natural
fo'^d, natural conditions with more room provided for the range of the fish.
Ponds of this type have been constructed at Big Timber, Lewistown, Emigrant,
Anaconda, Hamilton and Libby.

A shortage of fish food is facing us at this time on account of the
slaughter of the surplus cattle which became necessary on account of the extreme
droup^ht. Plans are under way to secure pasture land upon which range horses
will be raised for fish food.

WHERE THE LOCH LEVEN RUN

Approximately 5.000,000 Loch Leven, and 5,000,000 Rainbow eggs are stripped
from these traps each year. They are on the Madison River at

Hebgen Lake.

24 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Fish PLinting

A very definite progress has been made the past two years in fish planting
with considerable yet to be done. Experiments have shown that planting fish
properly is equally as important as rearing fish. Efforts are being made to
plant the different species when the natural food in the streams and lake is at
its peak. For years the native cutthroats have been planted in the fall after
every effort had been made to rear them to a suitable size before liberation.
Discouraging results attended this method and it was demonstrated that,
especially with the natives which are planted in the higher elevations, it was
not the size of the fingerlings when planted, but the time of the year which was
the big factor in their development. Now, all natives not being held over the
wint/^r months are liberated as soon as possible after "swimming up" and it will
result in a decided improvement.

This is not intended an an argument against raising larger fish as all recog-
nize the value of that in certain cases, but the cutthroats require planting when
the natural food supply is abundant in the upper reaches of the streams. This
may be borne out by the fact that in all waters where natives are found to be
thriving — the new stock is introduced in the form of fry early in the season —
Georgetown lake, Ashley lake. Swan river, Flathead lake and others.

Recently a new type tank unit for use in distributing fish was assembled
at Apaconda. This consists of a tank 42 inches by 48 inches and 26 inches deep
with 0 water pump, powered by a separate gasoline engine, which takes water
from the bottom of the tank and returns it through several jets at the top,
thus providing sufficient aeration to cari-y fish any distance. This will result
in a reduced cost of distribution as it is possible to cari-y the equivalent of 60
10-galJ')n cans, formerly used, and with a light pick-up truck instead of the heavier
trucks now in use at most hatcheries. This is a big improvement over the
oxygen system of aeration and it is exiiected to outfit each hatchery with one
of these units as the revenue will permit.

Stream Improvement

Much has been written and told of the value of stream improvement. There
is no question that there is certain merit to this work. It is a very broad field
of activity and one which will require careful study before undertaking on a
large scale. In ordW to obtain some accurate information as to tlie value of
this ^^'ork, the U. S, Forest Service undertook an extt-nsive program in the
Sand Ba.sin on the fWest Fork of Kock creek near Philipsburg during 1!).'J4.
He?"e were installed log dams, deflectors and covers which are designed to improve
the conditions in the stream throught providing cover for the fi.sh, deflecting
waters to create pools, removing silt and debris from gravel bars to improve
conditions for n.itur.il propagation, and to impound waters to create and maintain
more desirable water temperatures. A careful check was made of the number
of fish, the abundance and kinds of natural trout food present and otlier
factors relating to the experiment. At the end (»f a four-year ix'ricxl another
check will be made wliieh should establish the value of such work. Iiefore a
stream improvement iirograni is undertaken it would be well to cla.ssify the
strehms of the slate.

At present, fish are being planted in many streams where conditions for one
reason or another, are decidedly unfavorable for their development. It should
be (leternilned whether a p.irlicular stream is of nion- value tor agriculture, for

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

25

industry, or for recreation. If agreed that its value for industry and for agri-
culture outweighs the value for recreation, it should be set aside for that pur-
pose end no fish planted in that particular stream. In classifying these streams
there will be many border-line cases where, at the cost of installing fish screens,
overco/ning pollution problems, etc., the stream could be made to sen'e all inter-
ests. This is the class of streams which should receive first consideration in
stream improvement work and the cost of the improvement work should not le
borne entirely by the sportsmen, but by all interests using the stream.

Fish Screens

This time worn subject is about as far from being solved as it ever was.
It is too large an undertaking for the fish and game commission to assume alone
with the present revenue and is a most discouraging obstacle in keeping the
strea^ns stocked. With the general public coming to appreciate the value of
fishing to the state some beneficial action will be taken toward correcting this
condition.

Flatbead Lake Salmon

Od-^ matter worthy of consideration in this report is that of the land-locked
Sockeyo salmon in Flathead lake. For several years they have been showing a
material increase, with the fall of 1934 seeing literally thousands of them spawn-
ing along the east and west shores of the lake, many running up the Swan and
Flathead rivers. Several years ago they were not held in high esteem by the
anglers, in fact, many recommended they be taken from the lake, but as anglers
have more opportunity to obseiTe these fish they are beginning to appreciate

NEW DUCK CREEK TRAPS

These up-to-date traps at Hebgen are among the best in the west.

26 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

their value. Many of the Salmon were taken trolling during September and
Oftobe" and provided much sport as well as food. Tjiter as they came to the
spawning beds, permission was given to the Montana Relief Commission to seine
these .^sh for canning and distribution to the needy. A total of 21,000 cans were
packed. This is a matter of importance to the sportsmen and the department
and rome measures should be taken to pi-operly handle this new development.

Bjiss Rescue Work

This work has been continued the past two years with improvements made
in the rescue, handling and distribution of these fi.sli. With indications that
there was need of restocking some of the sloughs adjacent to where rescue work
is done the majority of fish rescued were planted back in waters of Flathead
county which have been classified for several years as bass waters. The Clear-
water lakes were stocked again the past two years from this rescue work, but
no new waters stocked with this species.

Public Works Administration

With the creation of the Public Works Administration and their giving
attention to irrigation and water conservation, a letter was directed to Secre-
tary Ickes asking that they give consideration to fish life and incorporate in
the regulations the following:

?. Fish screens to be installed at outlet of all reservoirs.

2. That a minimum low water level be established which would provide
enough depth to sustain fish life.

3. That where fish are found in feeder canals, sufficient flow be main-
tained to sustain fish life.

4. That the u.se of water from natural lakes be restricted to the amount
stored by construction of a dam above the lake level and to prohibit lowering
the level of any natural lake.

The department was assured that the merits of this request were recognized
and AA ould be given every consideration.

Heconmiendations

For the benefit <if game fishing in this vState it is recommended that —

1. Some thought be given the fish screen installation in irrigation ditches
where it has Ihhmi proven coni-lusively losses of fish occur. This matter is of
prime importance and with the re<^'overy program now under way the time seems
opportune for some action. Installation of screens, besides overcoming one of
our greatest obstacles wouhl provide much labor fur foundries, machinists, car-
penter.s. concrete workers and laborers. It is thought that, provided this matter
would be given favorable consideration in the legislature, screens could be
installed with the irrigation company issuing bonds to be paid over a period
of 20 years. The money is to Ite secured from the rublii- Works Administration
for the construction work.

2. It is recommenik'd that some legislation he passed nuiking it unlawful
for anyone to plant or transplant fisii of any species into any waters of Mon-
tana. At the present time there is no law covering this and much damage lias
iilrcft.ly been done l)y enthusiastic but mi.sguided sportsmen who are desirous of
liuilding ui> a certain species, favorable to them.selves but which in many cases
prove disastrous to more desirable species and results in complete ruination of
excellent fishing waters. There are several outstanding eases where this may

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION 27

be observed -such as Lake Ronan and several lakes in the Kalispell-Libby section,
which u?re formerly well stocked with trout and have been lost through intro-
ductioii of exotic species such as sun fish, crappies or bass. There are certain
waters where it is to the advantage of the sportsmen and the department to
plant these exotic species but there must be some control over this work if an
intelligent program is to be carried out.

3. It is recommended that legislation be passed which would vest in a
board, preferably the Water Conservation Board, or the State Engineer, the power
and authority to exercise control over the use of water in this state. It would
seem that with the severe drought we have experienced, bringing to the atten-
tion of all the importance and necessity of utilizing waters to the best possible
advantage, the time is ripe to present such a program for consideration of the
legislature. At present the hundreds of streams, dry miles before the point
of confluence with larger streams bears mute evidence to our inability to
administer certain of our most valuable resources. With water the life and
blood of every community and state there certainly should be some supervision
over its conservation and utilization.

Work of the fisheries division the past two years has been marked by
splendid cooperation of different agencies interested in the fisheries program.
To these agencies we extend our sincere thanks and appreciation. Promieuent
among them may be mentioned the state and county C. W. A. and Montana
Relief Commission officials who have shown every consideration for the de-
velopment and improvement of fisheries work, the Montana Power Company
for the cooperation in the operation of the Great Falls hatchery, the Anaconda
Copper Mining Company who owns the land upon which is located our most
valuable spawning stations at Georgetown lake, the U. S. Forest Service for its
splendid work in construction of rearing ponds at the head of the Little Black-
foot in Powell county and in the Benchmark territory in Lewis and Clark
county. Of outstanding importance is the work undertaken by the forest
service in the stream improvement work near Philipsburg. This work was done
under the direction of Dr. Tarzwell of Michigan, credited with doing the pioneer
work of this nature and whose services were obtained by the forestry depart-
ment in order that the work be properly administered. W. M. Rush, Game ex-
pert with the forestry department contributed a great deal through his work
on fish diseases and the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries extended their usual coopera-
tion in the work during the year especially at Miles City where the bureau and
state department operate the Pond Cultural station on a cooperative basis. Too
much cannot be said of the splendid work done at the Butte Anglers Rearing
pond, under the leadership of William Carpenter and Charles Healea. Vast im-
provements were made this year through the construction of a hatchery, con-
struction of fry ponds and improvements to and remodeling the old ponds,
This plant will contribute much to the Big Hole river and adjacent waters.
The Great Falls Wild Life association and city of Great Falls are entitled
great credit for the construction of a display pen for game birds. This pen was
constructed at the Great Falls hatchery and adds much to the appearance of
the grounds. The Great Falls park board contributed a gi-eat deal through
the landscaping work at Giant Springs, under the direction of Thomas Lease.
The Dude Ranchers association and various rod and gun clubs rendered very
valuable assistance in the distribution work and other support during the past
two years.

28 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Hatchery Report — Anaconda and Georgetown —

With the help uf the C. W. A. and F. E. K. A., a log building was con-
structed at Flint creek to lie used as a bunk house for the crew during the
spawning season, a log building 24 by 42 was constructed for use as garage, ice
house and store room, lights were installed, a fence was constructed around the
property and grounds improved.

Two concrete circular ponds were constructed at Anaconda — the large pond
divided into three smaller ponds and one additional earth ix)ud constructed
at the lower end of property. Major improvement was made to water supply
through lowering the supply pipe at the spring, covering the cold water spring
and remodeling the supply pipe intake from warm water spring. A concrete
floor was laid in the garage and the grounds improved. This project netted, per-
haps, the most to the department because of the character of work and the value of
the improvements to the Georgetown and Anaconda stations.

Big Timber

The large pond started in 1032 was completed. A second pond identical
to this was constructed, additions were built onto the hatchery providing room
for an office and work shop. The grounds were landscaped — additional land
purchased just west of the hatchery property — a concrete foundation con-
structed for a combination garage and store room, .specimen pond rip-rapped and
walks constructed around the same, a new road constructed from the east end
of the property to the hatchery building — trees grubbed off the hillside, and
shrubs and evergreens planted — repairs made to the living quarters. The valu-
ation of this station was considerably increased through this work.

Daly Hatchei-y (Hamilton)

Two large rearing ponds and four fry ponds were constructed, improvements
made to the water supply, living quarters enlarged and improved, au office
and work shop built in the hatchery, a porch added to end of the building, new
double door entrance installed and considerable painting done. The depart
ment also purchased this hatchery from the Daly estate from whom it had been
leased the past ten years. Additional improvements are planned here.

Emigrant

This is a comparatively new station, having been moved from its original
site across the Yellowstone river. Two large ponds were completed, the water
supply improved, the hatchery building enhirged through connecting it with
the store room — an office built onto the west end of the hatchery and the
building formerly used as coud)ination garage and living (piarters is being re-
modeled for full living quarters. The grounds were lan(l.><capi'd, road to U. S.
highway graded, fence constructed around property and concrete retaining walls
and concrete steps adjacent tn rectangular concrete ponds were constructe<l. A
heavy program of expansion is i)laniu'(l here as revenue is made available.

Great Falls

One concrete circular pond was constructed with grounds preiuired and
drain pipes laid tor two more t)f similar size and construction. A stone fence
liiiilt across front of property to prevent sand blowing on the lawn— game bird
display ikmis were constructed by inti-rested ag««ncii's. grounds landscaped.
There is urgent need for further impruvenient at this liatihery and it is
planned to complete the two i-oncrete ponds next spring and undtriake tiie other
work as money is made available.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION 29

Levvistown

The major improvemont work here consisted of the construction of a two-
car garage — and two large rearing ponds, these ponds of the semi-natural type
are without question the best in the state, built of mason rock they are of
substantial construction and designed to add to the efficiency and appearance
of the pond. Considerable improvement work has been done on the grounds —
excavation for dwelling which it is planned to move and remodel. As at the
other hatcheries much remains to be done here as revenue is available. Much
credit is due sportsmen and relief officials for the assistance furnished in the
improvement work and pond construction.

Libby

This, too, is a comparatively new station with considerable improvement
work having been done the past two years consisting of the construction of
four large ponds (not yet complete), improvement to water supply system, con-
struction of water tempering pond, landscaping the grounds. There is great
need for a combination garage and food room and a dwelling for use of the
assistant. Veiy satisfactory headway has been made at this station and it is
planned to complete the work when possible.

Miles City

Through the C. W. A. and F. E. R. A. projects many major improvements
were made at this station, which will materially improve the quality and quan-
tity of the output of warm water fish. Space will not permit enumerating the
improvements made but in the main they were confined to improving conditions
in the brood ponds, building improvements, etc.

Ovando

No improvement work was undertaken at this station due to the possibility
of moving it to a more desirable location. Surveys have been made incidental
to this plan and as .soon as all facts are known a definite program will be
outlined.

Philipsburg

No improvement work was undertaken at this hatchery on account of the
hea^y program at Anaconda and Georgetown. The stream improvement work by
the forest service is in the Philipsburg area and it is planned to construct rearing
ponds at the headwater of Ross's fork next season to receive part of the cut-
throat fry distributed from the Philipsburg hatchery.

Poison

Considerable improvement work is planned for this fall such as repairing
the supply pipe line, painting and improving all buildings. This hatchery is
operated only during the summer months, but contributes a great deal to the
fishing in the Flathead waters.

Red Lodge

With the completion of the new Red Lodge tourist camp adjacent to the
hatchery and the construction of the new Red Lodge-Cooke City highway which
is located but 50 feet from the hatchery — it is planned to dismantle the old
building and rebuild, with the assistance of an F. B. R. A. project, with log
constraction to match those in the tourist park. This hatchery stands to be a

30 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

valuable unit now with the highway opening, to the tourist and resident, the
vast number of virgin waters to be found on the divide between Red Lodge and
Cooke City.

Salish

Outside of work undertaken by the C. W. A. project at this station, nothing
has been done. Considerable "foundation" work such as installing a reservoir
and drain ditch and leveling the grounds was completed. This is the hatchery
site located midway between Arlee and Ravalli where it is hoped the revenue
will permit construction of a hatchery station to replace the old Missoula hatchei-y.
abandoned on account of insufficient water.

Soiners

With department funds and C. W. A. projects this station has been put on
a much better footing. The water supply, the controlling factor in the operation
of this hatchery, has been much improved through installation of drain pipes
to tap adjacent small springs, piping, what had before been open ditches. Two
concrete circular rearing ponds have been consti-ucted and init in operation for
the 1934 season. A large .sub.stantially built shed was constructed at the lower
end of the property to be used to house fire wood, machinery, trucks and other
equipment. A driveway was graded around the hatchery grounds with the
grounds in general cleaned up and made more presentable.

Havre

The experimental feeding station which was put in operation on Beaver
creek near Havre in 10.32 has proven satisfactory. AVith the assistance of a
C. W. A. project and the Havre Rod and Gun club two log buildings were erected
— one for use as a dwelling, and one for a garage and storeroom. Three
additional ponds constructed, property fenced and grounds beautifully land-
scaped.

Wolf (reek

The Mi.s.souri river between Cascade and lloltir Dam is being sto<*ked
largely from the Wolf Creek feeding station which was constructed by funds
furni.shed by the Lewis and Clark Rod and Gim club, and the Great Falls Wild
Life association. C. B. Power of ITelena upon whose land the station was con-
structed has extended every cooperation to this venture. The low water of the
past two years has offered .some drawback to the operation of this station, but
with the return of normal water flow it is expected that excellent results will
be ol>tained.

ACQUIRE REFUGES

III an cft'oil to provide an adccpi.-ite system of refugees for waterfowl on
l)otli till- nesting areas and tlie flyways, tlu- r. S. r.ureiiu of Biological Slirvey
is pushing plans as rapidly as pos.sible to ;i((iiiirc a dozen or more such areas
before the spring flight in March.

While the Survey is ai-<iuiring large tracts, its officials and the American
Game Association urge lliat sp<irtsnieii iiiid oilur iiaiuic lovers actpiire small
water areas and .set them aside as refuges. Naturalists iniint out that ducks
will even frequent a horse lot pond where there is food for waterfowl.

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MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION 33

GA3IE FISH EGGS COLLECTED AT STATE SPAWNING STATIONS AND
ACQUIRED THROUGH COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS

July 1, 1932 to Jime 30, 1933

Loch

Natives Rainbow Grayling Leven E. Brook Total

Georgetown Lake 13,819,120 308,440 3,423,440 _ 199,282 17,750,262

Lake Francis 700,896 700,896

Lake Ronan 983,226 983,226

Conley's Lake - 400.554 400,554

Rodgers Lake 8,038,928 8,038,928

Cooperative:

Bureau of Fisheries 2,273,640 2,273,640

Alvord & Kilbrennan 835,000 835,000

13,819,120 1,992,562 11,462,348 2,273,640 1,434,836 30,982,506

July 1, 1933 to June 30, 1934

Loch

Natives Rainbow^ Grayling Leven E. Brook Total

Georgetown Lake 17,398,920 1,337,760 167,139 18,903,819

Lake Francis 414,460 414,460

Lake Ronan 585,968 585,968

Conley's Lake 459,410 459,410

Rodgers Lake - 3,721,072 3,721,072

Big Hole 481,026 481,026

Bitterroot Lake 30,576 26,460 57,036

Ashley Lake 940,800 940,800

Hebgen Lake 5,346.684 _... 4,864,260 10,210,944

Cooperative:

Bureau of Fisheries 2,015,910 2,015,910

Alvord & Kilbrennan _ 673,992 673,992

18,370,296 6,373,572 5,058,832 6,880,170 1,781,567 38,464,437

34 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

VIOLATIONS BY COUNTIES

July 1. 1932 to July 1, 1933 to
June 30, 1933 June 30, 1934

Beaverhead 29 18

Big Horn 15 22

Blaine 3 1

Broadwater 1 1

Carbon 13 1

Carter

Cascade -. 7 4

Chouteau 4

Custer - 1

Daniels

Dawson 4 2

Deer Lodge ..._ 50 39

Fallon 3

Fergus 7 9

Flathead 30 9

Gallatin 22 15

Garfield

Glacier 2

Golden Valley 3 3

Granite 2 1

Hill 2 2

Jefferson 1

Judith Basin 4 3

Lake 36 30

Lewis and Clark 12 7

Liberty

Lincoln 38 5

Madison 22 17

McCone

Meagher 2 2

Mineral 18 6

Missoula 12 8

Musselshell 1 10

Park 11 6

Petroleum 2

Phillips 3 4

Pondera 4 1

Powder River

Powell 22 20

Prairie 1 1

Ravalli 11 6

Richland 21

Rosebud 1 2

Roosevelt 1

Sanders _ 30 10

Sheridan 1 10

Silvei' Bow 4 6

Stillwater 14 5

Sweet Grass 3 6

Teton

Toole 5

Treasure

Valley 2

Wheatland 1 4

Wibaux

Yellowstone 13 25

Total Law Violations 468 347

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION 35

FISH AND GAME LAW VIOLATIONS

July 1, 1932 to July 1, 1933 to
June 30, 1933 June 30. 1934

Alien in possession of firearms without license 5 5

Appropriating wild goose eggs J ~"

Catching more than 5 fish under 7 inches in length 9 -s*

Destroying evidence of sex of deer l _^

Fishing without a license 1^^ '*

Fishing through the ice --■• ,^

Fishing in closed streams ^" ■'•°

Fishing during closed season 11 ?

Fishing with more than one pole, line and hook and set line 4 6

Hunting without a license - 34 -5

Hunting on Game Preserve - 20 4

Illegal possession of beaver hides ' °

Hunting waterfowl with motor boat ^

Killing bear without a license 2 1

Killing a moose 1 ^

Killing elk out of season 13 1^

Killing deer out of season 47 29

Killing grouse, prairie chicken, etc., out of season 19 13

Killing doe deer 2 4

Killing more than one deer or elk 4 ....

Killing antelope 2 2

Killing fawn 2

Killing Chinese pheasants out of season 8 12

Killing deer by use of spot light

Making false statement in application for license 8 6

Opening muskrat houses 1

Possession of seine without license 6

Salmon eggs fishing with same 8 4

Shipping furs from state without permit 2 2

Shooting ducks after sunset 10 18

Shooting ducks after season closes 14 9

Shooting from public highway 13 7

Shooting a swan 1 2

Shooting song birds 1 1

Trapping fur-bearing animals out of season 8 9

Trapping fur-bearing animals without a license 15 13

Trapping beaver without a permit ; 6 6

Trapping on game preserve without a license 2

Killing Chinese pheasant hens 5 7

Selling game animal, birds or fish 3 1

Guiding without a license 3

Failing to tag big game 17 1

Killing mountain goat out of season 2

Operating without fur dealer's license 1 5

Failure to keep record of fur sales '. 1

Catching over the limit of game fish 7 1

TOTAL LAW VIOLATIONS 468 347

36 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Distribution of Birds from State Game Farm — 1933

COUNTY Chinese Pheasants Hungarian Partridges Others

Beaverhead 183

Big Horn 200 9

Blaine 200

Broadwater 200

Carbon 200

Carter 100

Cascade 299

Chouteau 200

Custer 220

Daniels 200 •24

Dawson 200 **6

••*8

Deer Lodge •- 250 35

Fallon 150

Fergus 200

Flathead 200

Gallatin 200

Golden Valley 200

Granite 212

Hill 200

Jefferson 150

Judith Basin 200

Lake 200

Lewis and Clark 250

Liberty 100

Madison 250

Meagher 150 **»*2

Missoula 250

Musselshell 200

Park 200

Petroleum 200

Phillips 200

Pondera 250

Powder River 100

Powell 225

Prairie 200

Ravalli 214 •IS

Richland 200

Roosevelt 200

Rosebud 200 ^

Sanders 200

Sheridan 200

Silver Bow 225

Stillwater 192 8 'SO

Sweet Grass 192

Teton 200 •12

Toole 200

Treasure 200

Valley 200

Wheatland 200

Wibaux ^. 200

Yellowstone 200 •SO

Chinese Pheasants, 10,162.
Hungarian Partridges, 52.
California Quail. 114.
Melinistlc Mutants, 2.
Silver Pheasants, 6.
Chukars, 8.
♦Quail.
•♦Silvers.
♦ ♦ ♦Chukars
••••Melinistlc Mutants.

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

37

Liberation of Pheasants for 1934

COUNTY

Beaverhead 200

Broadwater 200

Blaine 200

Cascade 300

Custer 200

Carter 100

Chouteau 200

Deer Lodge 275

Dawson 300

Daniels 150

Flathead 250

Fergus 300

Fallon 100

Gallatin 300

Golden Valley 200

Granite 200

Glacier 100

Hill 200

Jefferson 200

Judith Basin 200

Lake 200

Lewis and Clark 200

Liberty 150

Missoula 300

Madison 300

Musselshell 200

Mineral 200

Meagher 225

McCone 100

Powder River 100

Phillips 200

Powell 270

Petroleum 200

Park 300

Prairie 100

Pondera 200

Roosevelt 200

Richland 200

Ravalli 200

Silver Bow 200

Sheridan 200

Sanders 200

Sweet Grass 300

Teton 200

Toole 150

Valley 200

"Wibaux 200

Wheatland 300

9,970
Quail

Missoula 80

Flathead 28

Cascade 8

116

38

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

LICENSE SALES BY COUNTIES FROM JULY 1, 1932 TO JUNE 30, 1933

Beaverhead

Big Horn

Blaine

Broadwater

Carbon

Carter

Cascade ......—...'.'..

Chouteau ......

Custer

Daniels

Dawson

Deer Lodge

Fallon

Fergus

Flathead

Gallatin

Garfield

Glacier

Golden Valley

Granite

Hill

Jefferson

Judith Basin

Lake

Lewis and Clark

I^iberty

Ivincoln

Madison

McCone

Meagher

Mineral

Missoula

Musselshell

Park

Petroleum

Phillips

Pondera

Powder River

Powell

Prairie

Kiiviilli

Tlichland

Itoo.sevelt

Rosebud

Sanders

Slieiidan

Silver Bow

Stillwater

Sweet Grass

Teton

Toole

Treasure

Valley

"Wheatland

Wibaux

Yellowstone

Idaho

Washington

60.980 26,675
'Includes one Alien Bird License.

QjDl

W 3 3

3-art

1,467
646
280
474

1.830
9

5,700
478
157
111
551

^1:

577

62

38

380

210

2T166
177

'""20

842
1

549
3,345
1,319

"175

30

379

114

367

377

1,030

2,627

11

1,477

719

12

335

444

2,298

100

596

9

9

256

"677

1,189

"Ti

12

866

6

1,375

381

253

272

168

7

10

92

"'2'9'3
10

w

0 ?0

1 a>

11

6
1

"Ti

2

1

7

'3

14

20

5

3

5
4

6

26

"12
4

i

1

25

""i'i

'2

i

4
3
4

2

4

28

7

12

4

4

5

w

m

►-.(I 0
« 3 3

94
20

■ ■37
■"27

6

100
501

■"31

7

5
5

12

122

87

"io'i

207

'3

42

98

6

29

'3

""'i'i

■■■■53

■■■■■7'5

""■"2"6
35
50

7
4

'2

2

70

615

111

W

fD
CO

-■00
;3 3 3

i

8

'2

4

i

'2

i

5

1

i

1

w

cfq"
3

rt

m

a 0
3 3

f-^ 1

1

3^

3*3

3

11

9

10

1.775
73

5

1 "il 2

4,284

3,128

3

518

1
4

10

12

;;

1

72

444

1,005
632

..

598

2,151

4,593

104

8

•16

1,528
1,454

5

33

452

613

3,910
504

8

3

1,714
62

1

11

356

719

6

--

1,001

1

83

1,924

162

426

...

179

1,191
403

6

3

4,673

20

805

517

753
696

1

49

332

27 4
45

3,502
19

5

3

2.640

27

49

109

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

39

LICENSE SALES BY COUNTIES FROM JULY 1, 1933 TO JUNE 30, 1934

•-s o

Dj W
01 3 3

Beaverhead 1,090

Big Horn 928

Blaine 397

Broadwater 410

Carbon 1,354

Carter 13

Cascade 4,564

Chouteau 623

Custer 382

Daniels 244

Dawson 604

Deer Lodge 1,714

Fallon 68

Fergus 1,799

Flathead 3,992

Gallatin 2,998

Garfield 5

Glacier 473

Golden Valley 82

Granite 535

Hill 1,254

Jefferson 488

Judith Basin 479

Lake 2,291

Lew's and Clark 4,145

Liberty 77

Lincoln 1,439

Madison 1,349

McCone 30

Meagher 426

Mineral 601

Missoula 3,491

Musselshell 572

Park 1,475

Petroleum 56

Phillips 280

Pondera 667

Pov'der River 7

Powell 1.111

Prairie 75

Ravalli 1,964

Richland 490

Roosevelt 481

Rosebud 237

Sanders 1.713

Sheridan 567

Silver Bow 4,235

Stillwater 942

Sweet Grass 771

Teton 494

Toole - 559

Treasure 88

Valley 392

Wheatland 566

Wibaux 124

Yellowstone 3,690

Idaho 7

Washington

o2.

3rt)
3

618
143
37
284
399

160

28

20

200

793

7

966

2.469

1,377

1

113

47

300

124

363

416

649

2,131

3

953

632

302

348

1,822

135

916

20

14

194

's'g'g

13

1,174

346

180

4

602

159

1,892

312

273

257

99

6

16

347

67

470

♦Includes 2 Alien Bird

59,908 25,457
Licenses.

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3

ai

2
3

18

1
15

85

td

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to 3 3

89
10

41
"35
■■"3

12

14

86

392

"28

3

7
10

4
79
89

""67
189

8

33

82

2

36

4
"20
"42

"55

■44

38

39

6

3

2

12

45

677

97

2,403

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19
5

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3-3

9
10

*14

3
14

54

48

87

40

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Receipts for the Year of July 1, 1932 to June 30, 1933

HUNTING AND FISHING IiICENSES

Resident Bird and Fish 60,980 @ $ 2.00

Resident Big Game 26,675 1.00

Resdient Sportsman 271 5.00

Non-Resident Fishing 2,640 3.50

Non-Resident Bird 27 10.00

Non-Resident Big Game 49 30.00

Alien Fish 108 10.00

Alien Bird 1 30.00

TOTAL

Less fees allowed dealers

i.ici:nses other than above

Trappers' Licenses

Trappers' — Land Owners

Guides' Licenses

Taxidermists' Licenses

Seining

Resident Fur Dealers

Resident Fur Dealers' Agent

Non-Resident Fur Dealers

Fur and Game Farm

PERMITS AND TAGS

Shipping permits 2,046 .50

Beaver Permits .282 10.00

Beaver Tags 3,035 .50

MISCEIiIiANEOtTS REVENUE

$121,960.00

26,675.00

1,355.00

9,240.00

270.00

1.470.00

1,080.00

30.00

$162,080.00
$ 8,884.00

$153,196.00

324

$10.00

$ 3,240.00

2

1.00

2.00

51

10.00

510.00

6

15.00

90.00

6

5.00

30.00

81

1.00

81.00

4

10.00

40.00

4

25.00

100.00

61

5.00

305.00

1,023.00
2,820.00
1,517.50

$ 4.398.00

$ 5,360.50

Fines

Cancelled Warrant

Confiscated Guns. Rods, etc

Confiscated Fish and Meats

Game Farm — Sale of Brood Hens

Kale — Elk Studey

Fisli Royalties

Sale of Shed^ — Missoula Hatchery

Sale of Fish Eggs

Refunds

3.534.49

5.84

623.80

422.26

416.53

94.20

41.00

25.00

4.488.75

63.37

$ 9,715.24
$172,669.74

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

41

Receipts for the Year of July 1, 1933 to June 30, 1934

HUNTING AND FISHING I.ICI:NSI:S

Resident Bird and Fish 59,908

Resident Big Game 25,457

Resident Sportsmen 85

Non-Resident Fishing- 2,403

Non-Resident Bird 54

Non-Resident Big Game 48

Alien Bird 2

Alien Fish 85

Less License Dealers' Fees

UCENSES OTHER THAN ABOVE

Trappers' Licenses

Trappers' — Land Owners

Guides' Licenses — -

Taxidermists

Seining

Resident Fur Dealers

Resident Fur Dealers Agents

Non-Resident Fur Dealers

PERMITS AND TAGS

Shipping Permits 1,824

Beaver Permits 408

Beaver Tags 5,888

Alien Gun Permit 1

MISCEIaliANEOUS REVENUE

Fines

Confiscated — Sale of Guns, Rods, etc..

Confiscated — Meats and Fish

Game Farm — Sale of Brood Hens

Sale — Elk Study

Fish Royalties

Sale — Fish Eggs

Confiscated — Sale of Furs

Sale — Furs, State Trappers

Refunds

i 2.00

1.00

5.00

3.50

10.00

30.00

30.00

10.00

$119,816.00

25,457.00

425.00

8,410.50

540.00

1,440.00

60.00

850.00

$156,998.50

8,540.90

$148,457.60

477

$10.00

$

4,770.00

395

1.00

395.00

42

10.00

420.00

8

15.00

120.00

3

3.00

15.00

136

1.00

136.00

14

10.00

140.00

9

25.00

225.00

$ 6,221.00

.50

$

912.00

10.00

4,080.00

.50

2,944.00

25.00

25.00

$

7,961.00

$

4,150.20
321.75
258.39
477.62
1.95
103.00

4,977.51
979.30
558.50
192.59

$

12.020.81

$174,660.41

42 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Operation of Fish and Game Fund

JiUy 1, 1932 to June 30, 1933:

To balance in fund. July 1, 1932 $ 14,715.04

Plus transfer from bounty fund 444.50

To receipts, July 1, 1932 to June 30, 1933.. 172,669.74

$187,829.28
By disbursements, same period 171,530.60

$ 16,298.68
Less transfer to bounty fund 7,500.00

Balance in fund, June 30, 1933 $ 8,798.68

July 1, 1933 to June 30, 1934:

To balance in fund, July 1, 1933 $ 8,798.68

To receipts July 1, 1933 to June 30, 1934.... 174,660.41

$183,459.09
By disbursements same period 163,005.94

$ 20,453.15
Less transfer to bounty fund $ 7,500.00

Balance in fund, June 30, 1934 $ 12,953.15

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION 43

Disbursements — Analyzed as to Source

General Administration

Ov^^^^ion j^jy ^ ^332 j^jy ^ J933

June 30, 1933 June 30, 1934

Salary of Game Warden

Salary of Chief Deputy

Salary of Office Employees

Salary of Superintendent of Fisheries

Salary of Others

Postage

Stationery, Books and Blanks

Sundry Office Supplies and Expenses

Telephone and Telegraph

Freight, Express and Drayage

Rents

Auto Travel Expense

Other Travel Expense

Printing Licenses, etc

Official Bonds

Legal Advertising

Industrial Accident Insurance

Legal Costs

Insurance on Autos

General Expenses

Refunds of Licenses

Refund of Advances

Total Operation

Capital

Land and Land Improvements $ ■'^o^'Ia

Buildings and Attached Fixtures - 32.40

Machinery and Appliances $ 500.00 1,590.00

Furniture and Fixtures 71.20

Scientific Apparatus 7.50

$ 3,100.00

$ 2,408.33

2,452.50

1,976.77

6,068.99

6,075.00

3,020.00

3,000.00

54.00

12.40

1,658.92

1,552.39

1,646.73

674.97

270.64

355.96

708.35

784.42

315.42

335.18

600.00

450.00

1,563.74

1,270.06

987.85

1,363.23

1,559.14

1,048.88

175.00

228.14

628.87

468.50

455.44

668.26

111.90

1,284.92

316.34

63.00

9.55

80.00

103.00

$ 26,349.97

$ 23,556.82

Total Capital $ 507.50 $ 1,849.35

Repairs and Replacements

Buildings and Attached Fixtures $ 13.90 $ 40.20

Machinery and Appliances 1,268.62 20.22

Repairs to Autos 230.77

Furniture and Fixtures 7.74

Total Repairs and Replacements $ 1,290.26 $ 291.19

TOTAL ADMINISTRATION .$ 28,147.73 $ 25,697.36

COMMISSIONERS EXPENSES

Per Diem of Commissioners $ 1,150.00 .$ 830.00

Office Supplies and Expenses 22.30

Travel 1,345.72 850.54

Official Bonds and Filing Fees 10.00 10.00

Total Commissioners Expenses $ 2,528.02 $ 1,690.54

Deputies and Special Deputies

Salaries of Regular Deputies $ 28,438.35' $ 27,155.50

Salaries of Special Deputies 8,508.25 12,631.03

Telephone and Telegraph 530.27 528.56

Travel 3.238.78 3,131.53

Official Bonds 160.00 210.00

Auto Expenses 13,973.55 15,012.82

Other Expenses 69.57 560.89

Total Deputies and Special Deputies Expenses $ 54,918.77 $ 59,230.33

44 MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION

Disbursements — (Continued)

July 1, 1932 July 1,1933

Miscellaneous Activities June 30, 1933 June 30, 1934

Salaries of Hunters and Trappers $ 276.71 $ 2,415.61

Installing Fish Wheels 79.45

Bird and Deer Food 997.58 129.28

Bounties 1,825.00 425.00

Poison 77.44 83.95

Miscellaneous 803.36 8.7 1

Total Miscellaneous Activities $ 4,059.54 $ 3,062.55

GAM£ FARM AT WARM SPRINGS

Operation

Salaries and Wages $

Sundry Office Supplies

Telephone and Telegraph

Freight, Express and Drayage

Travel Expenses

Auto Expense

Heta, Light and Water

Bird Food

Hardware and Lumber

Insurance ,

Distribution of Birds

Other Expenses

Total Operation

Capital

Land and Land Improvements $

Buildings and Attached Fixtures

Machinery and Appliances

Breeding Stock

Furniture and Fixtures

Total Capital

Repairs and Replacements

Buildings and Attached Fixtures $

Breeding Stock

Machinery, Appliances and Autos

Total Repairs and Replacements

TOTAL GAME FARM

$

5,475.25
29.20

$

6.138.15

101.14

214.02

96.15

98.18

211.39

564.81

769.62

208.11

263.90

871.64

1,561.92

78.19

106.67

87.21

607.75

895.62

492.50

100.44

$

8.710.13

$

10,261.73

$

130.00

44.35

%

244.96

8.60

395.78

31.20

$

578.73

$

276.16

$

86.59

$

187.23

511.00

1.338.00

87.23

133.32

$

684.82

$

1,658.55

$

9,973.68

$

12,196.44

MONTANA STATE FISH AND GAME COMMISSION 46

Fish Hatchery Disbursements

July 1, 1932 to July 1, 1933 to
OFEKATIOIT June 30, 1933 June 30, 1934

Salaries and Wages

Office Supplies and Expenses

Travel

Auto Expense

Heat, Light and Power; Water, Ice

Fish Food -

Rents

Subsistence

Hardware and Sundries

Insurance

Hatchery Supplies

Distribution of Fish

General Expenses

CAPITAI.

Land and Land Improvements $ 1,224.50

Buildings and Attached Fixtures ,

Machinery and Appliances

Hand Tools and Petty Equipment

Furniture and Fixtures ,

Rearing Ponds

Fish Screens and Traps

REPAIRS AND REFIiACEMENTS

Land and Land Improvements

Buildins and Attached Fixtures $

Machinery and Appliances

Hand Tools and Petty Equipment

Furniture and Fixtures

A^to and Trucks

Rearing Ponds

Fish Screens and Traps

Boats and Motors

TOTAL.

$

35,263.01

$

31,290.14

2,403.20

1.862.36

1,027.74

464.53

5,727.01

5,474.27

1,669.89

1,296.79

10,751.11

10,372.40
226.80

258.82

556.57

771.05

597.98

962.02

127.90
1,053.63

1,304.01

1,558.48

134.41

21.36

$

60,272.27

$

54,902.71

$

1,224.50

$

310.63

5.162.64

862.30

445.20

32.97

33.15

38.75

2.00

62.98

1,041.07
330.48

$

6,967.22

$

2,579.45

$

5.00

$

1,908.14

742.01

2,614.59

248.64

71.20

23.78

21.80

171.57

2,190.34

11.63

47.64

229.59
24.00

$

4,663.37

$

3,646.56

$

71,902.86

$

61,128.72

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