Z The Marine Laboratory INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI renee er Or Technical Report June 1961 THE BIMINI INSTALLATION to U.S. Department of the Navy Office of Naval Research Biology Branch, Contract Nonr 840 (13) Acoustics Branch, Contract Nonr 840 (16) Bureau of Ships Applied Sciences Branch, Contract Nobs 84540 Sonar Branch, Bell Telephone Laboratories Purchase Order, D-602526 Based on Prime Contract Nobsr 57093 TO , 5 jf}. 4 Js sb Pe La) ef OO MIAMI 49, FLORIDA ee Saar ‘¢ : ths - See THE MARINE LABORATORY Institute of Marine Science University of Miami Technical Report June 1961 THE BIMINI INSTALLATION to U.S. Department of the Navy Office of Naval Research Biology Branch, Contract Nonr 840 (13) Acoustics Branch, Contract Nonr 840 (16) Bureau of Ships Applied Sciences Branch, Contract Nobs 84540 Sonar Branch, Bell Telephone Laboratories Purchase Order, D-602526, Based on Prime Contract Nobsr 57093 "Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the U. S. Government." TB Wn Grol _1l Rickenbacker Causeway F. G. Walton Smith Miami 49, Florida Director 8851, 8882, 8886, 8936 oo nn OT MI 301 OO44OOL ; CQOTE wade sobysa0) myles f10 bobad ,aSee0dud , tahrO susan * } bescimieg #1 221q at: 1 é@fodu ak potioubotqet” ' daemerseve!) .2 .0 a&9 Yo Steqivg yar 149 4 ~~ \ di: ASE PN re ] > T oO ttjime@ costlaW .o 7 rojse7Tit ape dst soiial do cava gant . = se vats exsvioll Ps Progos# laplodoalT Td2i saul WOTTALIATEM ISIMI# SHT o2 YveH of7 30 szgemsargsO .2£.0 srasonat Iovet io eobtid (Ef) O38 a0 tas 2IneD ,fonatd yaolotd (01) O68 THO Janta: Sonn siete oi eqiaé £4 peda Oh2h8 ado Tantdaod , donate ayon|ts2 bodigan asivo3nioded snodgol 4 T I{e€ ,toves8 w0be THE BIMINI INSTALLATION 1, Abstract. A two-hydrophone cable assembly was installed on the ocean bottom off the west coast of Bimini, Bahamas on 9 November, 1960 by The Marine Laboratory, University of Miami. The cable was terminated in the Lerner Marine Laboratory, Bimini, by magnetic tape recording and analyzing equipment. The installation was made in order to study marine animal sounds under natural conditions, ambient noise, and sound propagation across the Straits of Florida, Preliminary observations indicate the presence of a variety of marine animal sounds and propa- gation conditions of theoretical and experimental interest. 2.) Introduction. A hydrophone-cable assembly has been installed on the east bank of the Gulf Stream with the cable terminating in the Lerner Marine Laboratory on Bimini, Bahamas. The assembly contains two hydrophones located on the bottom. One is a mile from shore in water 17 fathoms deep. The other one is in 200 fathoms of water about two miles from shore. A nominal frequency range of 10 to 12,000 cps is provided by the assembly. The installation was made in connection with a study of the feasibility of using hydrophones to obtain information on marine animals in natural surroundings. It is also being used for studies of the effects of such oceanographic factors as surface waves, temperature versus depth and internal waves on sound propagation and ambient noise. The operational procedure for the present, is to record the output of each hydrophone on magnetic tape. The tape is played back through earphones or loud speakers, at speeds up to eight times the recording speed. Observers note the occurrence of sounds of possible marine animal origin and retain recordings of such sounds for further study, Recordings of samples of ambient noise are also made for study and analysis. In addition, graphical records of the noise levels at each hydrophone are made on a 24 hour basis. Preliminary propagation tests from Fowey Rocks on the west bank of the Gulf Stream to Bimini on the east bank, are being made. The objective is to carry on continuous measurements of propagation between the two points along with continuous ambient noise measurements. It is planned to continue the above program for several months in order to obtain a statistical picture of the occurrence of events of interest and to observe cyclical trends. Based on the information obtained, specialized programs with specialized equipment may be under- taken on subject matters of interest. The work on marine animal sounds is supported in part by the Biology Branch of the Office of Naval Research and in part by Bell Telephone Laboratories under a contract with the Sonar Branch of the Bureau of Ships. Work on sound propagation and ambient noise is sup- ported in part by the Acoustics Branch of the Office of Naval Research and in part by the Applied Sciences Branch of the Bureau of Ships. Laboratory space and facilities are provided by the Lerner Marine Laboratory, a Field Station in Biology of the American Museum of Natural History. The following factors entered into the selection of Bimini for the installation: the relatively short cable length required to reach the waters of the Gulf Stream; the clarity of the water; the availability of the Lerner Laboratory; the island's easy accessibility from Miami. This report is intended to describe the characteristics of the system and the installation procedure, which involved some special techniques. The aim is to include enough detail to provide information for individuals concerned with the system or the results obtained. A summary of the preliminary observations is also given. 3. Overall System. A chart of the area between Miami and Bimini is shown in Figure 1, Depth readings are in fathoms. The west coast of Bimini may be seen in more detail in Figure 14, along with the hydrophone locations. A schematic outline of only the major functional capabilities of the fixed system installation at Bimini is contained in Figure 2. More detailed information appears later in the report under sections 4; Dig Gel Oy 4. Hydrophones and Preamplifiers. (a) Hydrophones Two PZT (lead zirconate) hydrophones, type 2Z-110, serial numbers 2Z-113 and 2Z-116, and associated preamplifers, were supplied by the Bell Telephone Laboratories, Whippany, New Jersey. They are encased in stainless-steel protective cages which also contain the transistorized preamplifiers. Fiberglass screening was wrapped around the cage to reduce the flow of water over the hydrophone and the result- ing flow noise. The active element of the hydrophone consists of two series connected lead zirconate crystal rings. The rings are cemented to metal end pieces with epoxy resin. The end piece which serves as a a= base, has compression fittings for passing the leads, and the opposite piece has a small capillary tube for pressure equalization. The whole assembly is covered with a rubber boot and the interior filled with silicone oil. Capacitance is 0.051 pf. Sensitivity versus frequency is shown in Figure 3, where sensitivity is expressed as the output of the hydrophone in db below one volt for 1 ubar of applied pressure. Frequency response measure- ments were made in a pressure tank to a frequency of 100 cps. The mean of this curve was extrapolated out to 2000 cps to provide a basis for system response calculations. (b) Preamplifiers (1) The transistorized preamplifiers are mounted as an integral part of the hydrophone assembly to provide proper impedance matching from the hydrophone to the cable and shore termination. The preamplifier gain is a fixed +40 db with a flat response from 30 to 2,000 cps and within + 1 db from 20 to 5,000 cps. The preamplifier has an extremely low cur- rent requirement of 1.2 ma which is supplied from shore via a single pair of leads which simultaneously carry the hydrophone preamplifier out- put signals. The preamplifiers are expected to have a useful life of two to three years under the present environmental conditions, with the possibility of lasting much longer. Transistors were selected for uniform- ity and stability, and prototype amplifiers were operated continuously for two months without exhibiting any noticeable deterioration of performance. (2) Circuits. The circuit diagram is contained in Figure 4. Two 2N167 transistors provide two gain producing stages and the 2N123 serves as an emitter follower output stage providing low output impedance. High input impedance is maintained by applying a.c. feedback to the emit- ter of the input stage and d.c. feedback through the input stage bias resistor and the feedback loop. Large emitter resistors with bypass capacitors provide stabilization. The 0.005 wf capacitor in the collector circuit of the input stage suppresses high frequency parasitic oscillations which may occur with open input. The preamplifier has a nominal rating of 1.2 ma at 20 vdc, but will function satisfactorily using supply voltages from 8 to 35 vde. The supply voltage of course, affects the maximum signal handling capability. The preamplifiers require 150 ms to recover from a 30 db over- load and 700 ms to recover from interrupted power. (3) Characteristics. Preamplifier self noise, which is plot- ted in Figure 5, was measured at the amplifier output, with the input shunted by a capacitance equal to that of the hydrophones. It is express- ed as the equivalent per cycle voltage at the input, in db from one volt. The expected minimum ambient sea noise, correspondingly expressed as an equivalent input voltage, shown in Figure 5, indicates that below 10 a9 cycles amplifier self noise rather than sea noise sets the limit for minimum signals. The dotted curve of Figure 6, shows the maximum input voltage level at which limiting of the output voltage begins. The solid curve shows the dynamic range, i.e., the maximum input voltage minus the sum of the self noise and the expected minimum sea noise. 5. Gabler (a) Description The inshore end of the cable consists of 3800 feet of heavily armored four (4) conductor cable of approximately 1.25 inch diameter, which is joined through a splice box (see Figure 7) to two lengths of type PBW=-0216 2 conductor armored distribution wire of approximately 0.3 inch diameter. One length of PBW, 2600 feet, is connected to the shallow hydrophone. The other length, 10,600 feet, is connected to the deep hydrophone. The electrical characteristics of the quad and the PBW cable are similar and the characteristics below apply equally to both cable types, (1) Resistance 51.9 ohms/loop nm. (2) Capacitance 0.0983 pf/nm. 6. Laboratory Equipment. (a) Functional Description The block diagram, Figure 8, illustrates the various functions which the shoresbased equipment can perform. The following enumerates some of the system's features: (1) Transistorized, battery operated, variable gain terminal amplifiers which terminate the cable through matching transformers. (2) Oscillator, meter and attenuator for reference calibration signals. (3) A two track tape recorder with continuous monitoring capability. (4) Capstan drive power from an external, precision fork controlled amplifier. (5) Provision for ''dubbing" from the two track monitoring recorder to an external recorder or vice versa from any suitable external source. anes (6) Special amplifiers and chart recorders for obtaining graphical records of ambient noise on a continuous basis. (7) Two channel audio monitoring equipment. (8) Filters for use while recording or monitoring. (b) Terminal Variable Gain Amplifiers These amplifiers are quite similar to the preamplifiers, and are assembled on phenolic printed circuit boards which plug into printed circuit connectors. The circuit diagram for the amplifiers, which are identical, is shown in Figure 9. Self noise is plotted in Figure 10. Maximum input voltage level and dynamic range versus frequency are plotted in Figure 11. In general, the preamplifier description in paragraph 4b(2) applies to the terminal amplifiers. Attenuators covering a range of 0 to -38 db in calibrated steps of 2 db are used at the input to the amplifiers. The amplifier has two fixed gain selections, i.e., +20 db and +40 db, which in conjunction with the attenuator, provide a variable amplifier gain from -18 db to +40 db in 2 db steps. (c) Monitor Amplifier This two channel amplifier is rack mounted and consists of conventional vacuum tube operated amplifier stages. There are separ- ate volume controls for each channel and ganged controls for bass and treble adjustment. The monitor reproduces the output from the record-play ampli- fier (RPA) during the record or playback mode from either track or both tracks simultaneously. (d) Two Track Recorder The two track recorder is mounted on the equipment rack and has a 14 inch reel capacity for 12-hour continuous recording at 1 7/8 ips, using 1 mil tape. Speeds of 3 3/4, 7 1/2 and 15 ips are also available with proportionate reduction of recording time. (e) Rerecording Circuits The output of each tape amplifier, in record or playback mode is terminated in phone jacks on the front panel. The RPA outputs are supplied via cathode followers which 25s provide a low impedance path compatible with input requirements of most existing reproducing devices. (£) Overall System Characteristics The system response versus frequency from sound pressure at hydrophone to input of the terminal amplifier is plotted-in Figure 12. It refers to the level in db below 1 volt at the amplifier input pro- duced by a sound pressure of 1 microbar at the hydrophone. To obtain the response, the hydrophone was replaced by an equivalent capacity and a small series resistance, A known voltage was introduced across the resistance and the corresponding voltage measured at the terminal amplifier input. The measurements were made just before installation and the actual preamplifiers, cable lengths, transformers and terminal amplifiers were used, The hydrophone calibration shown in Figure 2 was assumed to be valid to 10,000 cps. Figure 13 shows the relative system response including the record=reproduce loss for a tape speed of 1 7/8 ips. It was obtained by correcting the system response of Figure 12, for the loss as measured with arbitrary gain settings of the record and reproduce amplifiers. In order to complete the picture of system response it is necessary to consider the record and playback characteristics of any external device employed in piayback or analysis. (g) Miscellaneous (1) Ambient Noise Monitoring Four Esterline Angus chart recorders, two for each hydro- phone, are used to record ambient noise levels on a 24 hour basis. They are operated with a chart speed of three inches an hour and a full scale deflection of one milliampere. Currently, noise levels in the full frequency band of the system and in a 15 to 2,000 cps band are being recorded for both hydrophones. (2) Filters Provision has been made to install one or more variable frequency selective filters to be used during monitoring and play- back. 7. Installation Procedure. (a) Cable Assembly The usual installation procedure is to lay the hydrophones at the desired location and pay out cable toward shore. Since the points at which the hydrophones were to be placed were not critical, it was =6e decided to lay the cable from the shore outward. This obviated the possibility of not having enough cable to reach shore, simplified the navigational procedure and enabled continuous monitoring of the hydro- phones from shore during the laying operation. The cable was wound on a steel reei six feet in diameter and four feet wide, that was mounted on two steel tripods. The deep and shallow hydrophones and associated lengths of distribution wire were assembled and wound on the reel. The overlapping portions of the two lengths were taped together. The armored cable was connected to the pair of distribution wires and wound over them. Ail connections were made and the assembly was completed and tested so that the laying could be carried owt as a continuous operation. Splicing the distribution wires to the armored cable was considered to be the most vulnerable of the assembly operations. When a splice was completed, there was no available way of telling beforehand, whether or not it would be short circuited from sea water seepage. The conductors were joined by means of crimped sleeves and wrapped with both polyethylane tape and D.R, tape. Such a splice, called a wet splice, is exposed to the sea water but is relieved of tension by the splice case. Also, there was no available way of testing for failure of the splice case to carry the tension of the armor wires. The reel and cable assembly, weighing about 6000 pounds, was mounted on the after deck of the R/V LORD KELVIN, a vessel chartered from the Marine Acoustical Services, Inc., Miami. It is a converted subchaser 112 feet long, with adequate deck space for a reel, twin screws, and a relatively shallow draft of 6.25 feet. (b) Cable Laying With the R/V LORD KELVIN anchored a few hundred feet from the shore line of the Lerner Laboratory property, the end of the four conductor armored cable was taken ashore with the aid of a light line and a small boat. After the cable was secured, audio monitoring circuits connected to each pair of conductors indicated that both hydrophones were operative. Paying cable over her stern, the R/V LORD KELVIN then proceeded toward a marker buoy indicating the desired location for the shallow hydrophone. By idling the engines and braking the reel, some control over cable pay- out could be maintained. It was desired to lay the heavy cable with a slack factor of 10% and the light distribution wire with a factor of 25%. With the aid of footage marks on the cable and a knowledge of the ships position, this was accomplished approximately. The shallow hydrophone was released about one mile from shore at a marker buoy and the deep hydrophone was released a mile farther out. The hydrophones were monitored throughout the operation and it was reported that six minutes were required for the deep hydrophone to fall 1200 feet from the surface to the bottom. On the day after the laying was completed, the cable was viewed aye from shore outward by means of a glass bottomed boat and window buckets. With an overhead sun, it was possible to follow the cable to depths of sixty or seventy feet. It lay in a straight line except for some slack at the splice box and was covered by sand in a few places. At about seventy feet, the depth began to increase markedly and the bottom and cable was lost from view before the shallow hydrophone was reached. Later, it was found in a large clear patch of white sand at a depth of 100 feet by scuba divers. The hydrophone was covered with a layer of sand and left in place. The bottom, from shore to hydrophone, consists of clear white sand with occasional patches of greenish=brown marine growth and flat outcroppings of limestone. (c) Position Determination As the R/V LORD KELVIN payed out cable, her range and true bearing from a midpoint on the shore line of the Lerner Laboratory pro- perty was obtained with a range finder and pelorus. The observations, read at intervals of two or three minutes, were radioed to the boat and tabulated with depth as read from a direct reading fathometer. The pelorus consisted of a circular scale and pointer attached to the range finder from which the angular setting could be read. North was determined by setting the range finder on the North Star. The range finder, a split field type, was one meter in length. For distances up to two miles, range could be read to within 300 feet and bearing to within one degree. Position was also obtained aboard the R/V LORD KELVIN, from sextant readings of the angles between Entrance Point and the Lerner Laboratory and between the Lerner Laboratory and Paradise Point. The path of the cable ship and hydrophone positions obtained with the two methods are shown in Figure 14. The observations are in good agreement up to the position of nydrophone A. The differences in the observations beyond are larger than one would expect and a satisfactory explanation for them has not been found. Recently, determinations of the hydrophone positions were made from travel time measurements of sounds produced by blasting caps. The caps were detonated from a vessel anchored at three different locations along the 20 fathom contour. The vessel's locations were determined with the range finder=pélorus method used earlier. The position obtained for hydrophone B, Figure 14, differs considerably from the positions obtained earlier and is believed to be more reliable than the earlier observations. The location of hydrophone A was confirmed to within some 100 yards. It is planned to make further determinations of the hydrophone positions with blasting caps. The location of the vessel from which the caps are detonated will be obtained by range and bearing observations as before but with better equipment. With care, it should be possible to locate the hydrophones to within 100 feet. =ge The bottom contours shown in the figure were obtained with R/V GERDA on June 12 and 13, 1960.1 The ship's position was obtained from radar range and bearing observations on the Bimini shore line. The contours on Figure 14, have been shifted 375 yards to the west of corresponding contours shown in the referenced memorandum. The shift was made to bring the contours into line with the range and depth observations that were made when the cable was installed. The resulting profile along the direction of the cable path (289°T) is shown in Figure 15. It is believed that the new positions of the contours, which were shifted as a group, are reasonably good representations of depth versus range and bearing from a mid-point on the shore line of the Lerner Marine Laboratory property. 8. Preliminary Results. (a) Marine Animal Sounds It was possible to obtain useful, sustained recordings beginning with the second week in February, 1961. Prior to this date, cursory observations indicated overloading due to what appeared to be direct contact with the shallow water hydrophone. Two divers descended to the hydrophone, took movies of the area, and covered the cable and the hydrophone with sand. The movies revealed that a small fish of the family Labridae was making direct contact with the protective cage of the hydrophone. With the aid of the movies it was possible to identify the presence of other fish in close proximity to the hydrophone. These were members of the Carangidae, Seriola sp., and a single grunt, Haemulon album. Using skin diving techniques, approximately 35 species of teleosts and three species of elasmobranchs were noted in the area which is land- ward of the shallow water hydrophone. It was in this general area that portable listening gear and glass bottom buckets were used to hear and see several species of reef fishes. Under the present sampling program, sustained recordings are being made for 48 hours duration. Between recordings three days are scheduled for monitoring and for adjustments in the system. Since a two track recorder is being used, it is possible to record and monitor Channel A and Channel B (shallow and deep water hydrophones respectively) at the same time. Monitoring is usually done at a playback speed of eight times the normal recording speed of 1 7/8 inches a second. The sounds are grouped into categories on the basis of similarity of aural characteristics. The names given the catg@gories 1 Cruise Report == Cryise G-6015, R. Dann, September 7, 1960 =Q= are intended to be somewhat descriptive of the sound and do not infer the source. To date, 26 categories have been noted. New sounds are being heard each week, while concurrently some of the earlier ones are no longer heard. For example, the "Grunts" were heard in December 1960 and January 1961, but have not been heard since that time. "Bursts" were common until the last of December, but have been steadily diminishing. The "Moo", first heard on 21 February 1961 is now an extremely frequent sound as is the "'Tuba"’ which was first recorded on 1 March 1961. To date no concerted effort has been made to identify the sound producers; however, plans are underway for several methods to do this. Preliminary data concerning the frequency of occurrence of the sound categories are shown in Figures 16, 17, and 18. It appears (Figure 16) that some of the sounds show a diurnal pattern. The "A" Pop, for example, consistently shows a somewhat greater night than day- time activity but the "'B'' Honk shows a tendency toward greater daytime activity. The "A" Honk fails to show a diurnal pattern. Considering the occurrence of a single sound category in four hour intervals, it can be seen (Figures 17 and 18) that there is some tendency toward a pattern of soniferous activity for the 24 hour periods. Both the "A" Honk and the "'B'' Roar exhibit reduced activity about 4:00 a.m. Because of the short time period which has elapsed since the first sustained recording, it is not possible to generalize on seasonal variation. However, a continued increase of the overall sonic activity has been noted in the area of the two hydrophones. For one or two sounds, it is possible that this is due to an accompanying increase in aural acuity of those doing the monitoring. (b) Ambient Noise Preliminary results of the measurement of broad band ambient noise levels on a diurnal basis, are shown in Figures 19 and 20. The averages of the observations for the seven days, are shown on the bottom chart of Figure 20. There appears to be a slight diurnal pattern exhibited by a small increase in the average level at 0200 hours and a slight decrease at 1500 hours. It is planned to investigate this further employing sel- ected frequency bands and continuously observing wind speed and direction and tide heights. The noise levels at the shallow and deep hydrophones, averaged over 24 hours, are respectively, 1.7 and=0.5 db\ib. The above level measurements were obtained with the aid of Esterline Angus milliameter chart recorders. Short sections of the noise level charts are shown in Figures 21 and 22. Levels were read at hourly intervals from the lower edge of the traces. The irregularly occurring level increases having durations of several minutes to several hours are caused by passing boats and ships. Such increases were excluded from the above noted preliminary results by using the mean of the levels before and after the increase. H0= Short duration increases, less than some 15 minutes, are produced by small boats, mostly fishing vessels. The longer ones are produced by pessing ships, usually tankers and freighters. To produce an increase of 3 db or more, it is estimated that small boats pass within a distance of a half mile from the hydrbphone. The corresponding distance for ships is some 2 to 5 miles. Because ships usually pass seaward of the deep hydrophone and the recorder has a linear scale, large deflections on the deep hydrophone chart often correspond to hardly noticeable deflections on the chart of the shallow hydrophone although it is only a mile inshore from the deep hydrophone. The spikes that rise above the mean noise level trace are short pulses of sound such as are produced by marine animals. They consistently occur more frequently on the shallow than on the deep hydrophone. The number of occurrences of increases caused by small boats that exceeded 3.0 db, are shown in the upper chart of Figure 23. The number is the average, over seven days, of the total occurrences in night and day periods of 12 hours each. A small boat passed by about once every two hours in daytime. During night time, there was little activity. Corresponding occurrences of the longer duration increases attributable to ships, are shown in the lower chart of Figure 23. As might be expected, the difference between day and night activity is less than that for small boats. {c) Propagation A series of propagation tests, using one half pound dynamite charges, were made during the period 27 April to 5 May, 1961.2 The charges were electrically detonated at depths of 5 feet and 15 feet and at distances of 2.5 to 43.0 nm from the hydrophones. The received levels were measured with a Sanborn chart recorder employing a log- amplifier, The build up time of the recorder was 0.01 seconds and the levels were based on the maximum deflections. A source level of 124.0 dbjid at 1 yard, was calculated for the shot at 2.5 nm, assuming spherical radiation. On this basis, the transmission loss across the Gulf Stream, from Fowey Rocks to Bimini, a distance of 43 nm, was 110 db. The cor= responding loss for spherical spreading is 98 db. The levels received at the deep and shallow hydrophone were about the same. The appearance of the arrivals however, was quite different. It is planned to make a more complete study of the possible transmission paths and the spectrum levels of the received pulses by means of magnetic tape recordings. Sound velocity versus depth profiles and the bottom profile from Fowey Rocks to Bimini and from Virginia Key to Bimini were measured Propagation Tests Across the Gulf Stream, Memorandum for File, May 25, 1961, W. C. Green. Silile during the propagation tests. pou These are shown in Figures 24, 25, 26, and 27. The velocity-depth profiles of Figure 24 were taken at the locations shown in Figure 25. From both a theoretical and experimental sound transmission viewpoint, this section of the Straits of Florida presents the following interesting features: 1. A somewhat uncertain surface channel. 2. A thermocline that progressively deepens from west to east. 3. A downward refracting medium below the thermocline. 4, A two section bottom profile comprising a half depth and a full depth section. 5. The possibility of internal waves along the thermocline. It is hopedthat it will be possible to study propagation across the Straits in relation to oceanographic parameters, on a continuous basis. This will require a sound source on the west bank roughly equivalent to a half pound charge, and means on both the west and east banks to continu- ously measure temperature versus depth and surface wave height. Measurements on a continuous basis through diurnal, seasonal and weather cycles will provide a type of information that has not been available before, for evaluat- ing theoretical procedures. The Marine Laboratory Institute of Marine Science University of Miami June 26, 1961 3 Bottom Profiles, Miami to Bimini, Memorandum for File, May 29, 1961, John Schenck 4 Sound Velocity versus Depth Profiles, Florida Straits, Memorandum for File, June 13, 1961, John Schenck @12= SPD RS- DEES EEC EE St Dee eee Ee eee eee ee eee Sepp ES DES eet DESC Ee DES Dee Peete CREE eet eet etree | say = =: ice Sou SURES ee i 9 WOL USE 2956 14 i A oy VGINOT4S 4O SLIVIS - 1 auNdId jor yo. ne My ost ‘ABD young Zz. Ae #umosg a) Seng oe ee GER? E uz ft fz ieee ic (OSE |#4242) oo aa ie af if he : wo9-wos @ WOE-woZ el sre OE UY 91 Y OTT 288 205 (Z) 13 99 Eyamoi 10 = een nH? SSNs a sz (3 sey?) 0% jou Fen se4 OF urew } Aud ssl 009 DM AHMIG SSAISC idX3 z a EEE SEO OES SECS R ECT EE ee ESC ES Pat Ee =e ei ,O8 (Wl! LavHD SNIOL) Ot 7 a -— geri oo 7 yen - aw "i soi at eae a A ‘Poors ie q ‘ Ye ‘te “hogan ne Le © Pt. oe Wig jtoLle Co pel bresey nl se the teeaits) is vreiactot tm meaetapgrepiiic aprenwade ie eae will reir a singe ann ty oo the webt bax inetd ‘one iy e hott pound toharge, te means) gti Dees che went and a yoprriais ‘ee __ BLY PUES, Seedy for yordns depth ant Want aca weve teh gae. on «a. c0n? tounuwe besia ae ee a URCogA seanondi Atel Weathur eyst am peravien @ type of gee Parte ©. 4 CN avak haa sya gm Oe avuck Lalste Pa tury a ise ne theartenick) prececares * i E. 8 ary ’ 4 ' A, ope he | ; Sisk her f db Laborat ok | a tutta, of Marine Sur \vars ms Mi am? +o wae Y6 6” 4 > ~ ~w t Ww » ot 2 oh} ——_——MIAMI LERNER MARINE LAB HYDROPHONES — a a /! TERMINAL BOX SPLICE CASE AT LABORATORY CALIBRATION FORK CONTROLLED CAPSTAN SUPPLY NOISE RECORDERS CHART CHART NOISE RECORDERS TWO TRACK RECORDER A ee nee See | | | | e MONITOR e | | [ “opTional | aa. EXTERNAL [— — eal |. _RECORDER | FILTER RECORDER ~ OSCILLOSCOPE MONITOR,ETC. SYSTEM DIAGRAM LABORATORY EQUIPMENT FIG. 2 Can WAOS 29A9 MOART. OWT AaanOOaA ] [~ Janorrao Toes met | | SAUAST XE |. RaGRODSA AAT SINQEO INDE ho . O73 ROTMOM ‘THEMaU93 YROTAROGAS MAROAIG ‘wareye” igh LR aR ie Oi Serial No.-2Z —II3 a Serial No.-2Z -II6 FREQUENCY - CPS HYDROPHONE -PZT TYPE 22-110 SENSITIVITY FIG. 3 output in db below one volt for sound pressure of one microbar CABLE 121K Pee eles) 00-7 Ye (dp) wz We zo 2 ; Lo od BS 3 Or} =° set & 05 yt a = Soi 35 re ; wo feu wo Oo N , @ a 0 Pv ' 1 -) HYDROPHONE PREAMPLIFIER SCHEMATIC FIG. 4 rd etinatieet Ones ‘aayr Ts4~ aHonsonaye Peay i ‘¥riwitense LEVACLOBHES w = 5 .* Qo o te ri 3 e SB2E AIIIGMAIARA BMOHRORGYH +) orTamaHae 19 hs me G 9ld JSION 4713S Yas I IdWV 38d Sd9 — AONSNOSYS 00o‘'O! reyeye) Ol junys 371G0'O Buisn osiou yas OLI- Og! - OSi- Ovl- am oe 2 ow 4D aap 240 — YOuSIUO3ShF y 32100 Wize A313 | ISA BRS - roe oe 2 Or4 — ——- ee a = al 9°9l4 ~~ ISAS7 SOVLIOA LADNI WAWIXVW JONVY JIWVNAG YSISIIDWV3ud 000'0! 0001 Sd - AONSNOSYS ~=—=_ Qo Ol OZ gndu) mn | E 40 AQP DAMYWIC BYMGE WYXINOWN MBL AOrLVCE FEAED bE VWbr IEIEs EBESNEUCA - Cbe | tO 2 9l4d 3SVO 391 1dS WE Vv, AH OL z J0I1dS , Lam, JONV 14S a 2br ice cyee RECORDER BIMINI HYDROPHONE INSTALLATION LABORATORY EQUIPMENT CHANNEL _'A' SHALLOW HYDROPHONE HYDROPHONE PREAMPLIF LER MATCHING (TRANSFORMER | AMPLIFIER VARIABLE GAIN TAPE RECORDER AMPLIFIER RECORDER HIGH OR LOW PASS VARIABLE FILTER OSCILLOSCOPE MONITOR OSCILLATOR METER and ATTENUATOR FORK eee CAPSTAN SUPPLY AMPLIFIER TWO CHANNEL Fic. & CHANNEL 'B' DEEP HYDROPHONE MATCHING TRANSFORMER AMPLIFIER ARIABLE GAIN TAPE RECORDER AMPLIFIER HIGH OR LOW PASS VARIABLE FILTER HYDROPHONE PREAMPLIFIER CHART RECORDER SINGLE CHANNEL TAPE RECORDER ¥ CHART RECORDER es — MAL VTSOMA | ae BINA EAM i Me meciTSe 1 cy HOORNOSA AGAT iL a cathe NO rms wT } A] PASE BAL tr IA | | aacsoocer| Jani An OW BAAD WON ae ors RATIOS SUM eas J” ee | en lyme imeoabulaseleicanias pe nm tse na male ye! mena eh ot nee ha vehi VAN Me Hiltee Leen MONO u we Ar ee le a ell ope SGVYVSOYOIN NI SONVLIOVIVD T1V JOLONUaLLY ueADG Ave+ O1W Ol ino ‘N3LLV All Y3SISIIdNV IVNINYSL WiPGUIGECL poasu wi Ol “9l4 (sogonuasyD yndul YyLIM) aj9A9 Jad asiou yjas YSISITIdWY 3 IVNIWYSL Sd9-AONSNOSYS 000 Ol OOO! (ele)| Ol —_ —_— —= — uoiyisod qpOy yndu! 40 Aqp uoijisod qpog ——-— guajDainba i TA Bi eer CU FN : Dea ‘ Mao! (eye a ; . Vibr it iEis LESMIMYT so , a otdapuirreamaal ai ti em et hl ae = nh Ameen nb ms or ee ede i ie | tee ce fro oa te lk mm gp et a | ~— QVOTYSAO YOS SONVLIOA LAMNI WAWIXVW JONVY OINVNAG uolzisod qPOv YSISIIdWVY IWNINYSL uoiisod qpoz — —— > 000" Ol 000! Sd9- AONANOSYS 00! Ol Hh ies (ee a : ae Uh ‘ 4ndui 40 AQP Sa Ol- bt i * fi % i ! i Bt ~< ives EIG’ ti WYXIWIAN bf AOTLVCE LOB OAEETOWDT 7S DAVVRIC BYMCE LESWIVYE VWWETikIEs, OUP boayioy ——-— SOqP beeuoy 1006 _ EGEGNMENCA~Cbhe iO or "7 a i Pole 4 ‘4 pal, iM aie on a al “Old yndul Jaljijdwo joulwsa, 40 AGP Of suoudoupAy 40 qn| S3SNOdS3Y¥ W31LSAS @ walsks ---- 000! Sd9-AONSNOSYS ~=—«COO! y waysks —— es | ee —S_ —_—_—— eww i i Ss Ol 1 OV- Oc- wo — '1e" 15 AqLobpous Jo GPA G5 sehty imp ai g w<-> ZASj6W G 1 Guyer t ZASLEW BESbOKeE 2 Ooo i- & pt rm in pee - ns i erate gle | seashore rp = ory mirny imeem oe erga J om perenne tee s eedieniil ee eae ammo Por disper canst daisy amertee hfe reer ' r emma ey ld pm ¥ ‘tomepep graben it a4 ep ion he «mech Yb = SASLGU ¢! Old sdi ra JO peeds edd} D 4104 ssoj 9sonpoides—pi09des Buipnyjoul SSNOdS3Y W3LSAS 3AILV13Y "g wajsks ----- "y wajsks < SdO - AONaNDaYS O0007 ~ 0001 efe)| ee ith aS ee / eee te La Wee en : rer ae ae S + te ET a ee | SU ease LE | RE on = om. 299 - YOMSUOSHA pr ay .A meteye _Benosesn maTeve SVITAI3ZA _ .. 8 msteve----- | - 0 10? a0) ‘soubowges=bieo81 pnibulont — iin? | el ae gut a . ; =>: ‘) ie = BIMINI, B.W.t. “CROSSING ROCKS 4% 0 PARADISE POINT é § BOTTOM CONTOURS Vv , Ry / s ol &e Le) se ’ < ’ oa > toss) € ’ , 7 & ’ 4 / ity £ , ‘ / vee 1 / / , Rau ’ ' , " ' H , iy ! ’ i ye peu i ' i | , U 1h ' U , lant ' i 7 1 ne 1 Hany att bt i U , Db 70 1 \ ! | 0 0 ' y) us , N U / ’ J Hy ' PF 0 ' OU U if { 7 , HYD. 8 ' 7 ( Qn ] HYD.A CABLE , 19 ae { / ay / p Pog { ' } m4 } D ! 1. SPLICE { \ ' ! ' CASE 4 , I ! ‘ ' ‘ i ' D i i ( \ i Hh 0 \ 4 i} \ | ’ ae \ ! ni wt ‘ # PIGEON CAY \ H \ H ine! \ / / ' | \ i U i) ' 1 , a) ' \ ; ! g t, ' Nee ie Ge ek KY U = 25°43'15 i} ry 2 g 3d } ENTRANG Exposed of low tlde RED v Sets POINT aL | ————————— = ‘— = =x oO 74 172 3/4 NAUTICAL MILES HYDROPHONE - CABLE POSITIONS RANGE FINDER DATA ~--A-—-~~ SEXTANT DATA Wf BLASTING CAP DATA RANGE AND BEARING FROM LERNER LABORATOR HYD. A---0.97NM 290°T — Bmnosit cav oH HYD. B--- 1.95NM 298°T 2 oo ; SCALE (BLASTING CAP DATA) Suite 0 Mee abe Vnereek Dean! Bae FIG. 14 ° | Nautloal Mlice oe —-n =~ a-ha ~~ =~ = = ) | LANDING STRIP NIXON'S HARBOR a Abts nh wii ve i i i had Qe) Sern pay | ‘ Vin @a507 > gue ; i" al oo le aa wine. fh — ; - LF ial eiteent er | ATAG aaoMNs, BOUAR al | Ata Wat X2e atin | Ma ad. Swen a ve giovscio savannah! ee su ayy patye ithe : Rea eS Aa Dm . +e seepnennnn ni he rus’ ik Nace 7 mney fn ++ hl he NE mom lh me (a ODOR fo om eA GI ‘Sl4 002 a7avo ONIAV] N3HM JQvW SLNAaWa"NSVaW Hidga OSI —yayu vauao A/Y OL os of } 9) ol 80 vO ‘8V1 SNIYVW YSANYS7 JO SANIT SYOHS WOYS SISTIIN 'N HlVd J18V0 SONOIV S3dT1IsOuNd Hld3d Hid3ad SWOHLVS NI OEbLH WEVENKEWEMIG WYDE Te ee a et a ef Pg. 1% < 4 = Bs ih ‘ o : ie < Ot t: - ig att WIrEe tHOW oe 1 = wo ™ ‘ah if it eA FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE 600 500 400 300 200 100 DIURNAL OCCURRENCE OF SOUND CATEGORIES AT THE BHI LEGEND “A"ROAR © "a’ pop © "A" KNOCK A "B" POP © "A"HONK © B" HONK >— N = NIGHT nonee 2000 — 0800 O02 DAY HOURS O800 a tect : t ] t 0 t 1 ! ! t ] P ! U 1 i] 1 i] ( yh " ! ' d Ml ah r 1)’ 7 rast ’ \ 1 + + + denotes no + occurrence N D N D N D N D N D N iD) N D 21 0EC.60 28 FEB.6I 6 MAR.6I 7 MAR.6I 13 MAR.61 I8 MAR.6I 19 MAR. GI IME y FIG. 16 RAM) lO.RaM. 6: IBSIAM EL) ta.AdM san f abhi aneg Shay . di nmsncy dl anaes Papeete tas et wonerwone | L | | b ) | Pee | i oe a ea ew ay ee Y jo Aas 834 8S C8030 | a iM A T f i 1 Mn id 1 Ae ‘A : aL - I yas ; Ny fh 0 ’ ‘ive © i a im)! 1 : ar.ort FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCES AT BHI Four Hour Intervals 500 "A" ROAR re) fo) FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE l0gig scale | aie 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 28 FCB. 61 6 MAR. 61 7 MAR. 61 13 MAR. 61 18 MAR. 6I 19 MAR. 61 24 Hours 24 Hours 24 Hours 24 Hours 24 Hours 24 Hours TIME FIG. 17 Som D ne es Se ae ee Ge ey ee ee ae ee ee Pe Os O00S OOGS ocos ip HAM @1 i@ AM Bi 19 FAM £1 18 DAM T 1a AM 2 Rywol 5S ewok #5 awol &S wwot BS emo As AMIT FREQUENCY OF SONIC OCCURRENCES AT BHI Hour Intervals Four 00 @j)09s N60) Oo SONSYYNDDO JO ADNANOSYS * Denotes No Occurrence 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 7 MAR.6I1 13 MAR. 6I 18 MAR. 61 19 MAR. 61 24 Hours 24 Hours 6 MAR. 6l 28 FEB. 6I 24 Hours 24 Hours TIME 24 Hours 18 FIG. To" wotoned » # ‘panernnioed 1a PAM. @) OwOoH oS mn iG JuAM BI 3 aa Paes 2 FAM F rwor Po enon #¢ 3MiT Bi Ola” * lil vache dani mann oe aa ve a SUH BE | 4 4h ty Beeiaten iaya aaa i AEls i rer or 1 A, mh men hae, Ve i f= betel i nS ie pean oh mf 7 —— t -* be Dace ste apt a : : —. , d o ¢ Tha dingo nenent 7 i ] wala ns hn pti i Arapeerehdis tyr yiemenies of ems li ; ret 5 ; Pil } ; ii [abalo}ofste fers tafe tela ro Ty Cy ners oc ia a (1S TO 12000 CPS) tl Fe ene pene qoy eee URNS Se 1 il he Sapeaonnageacrer)t 4 { “ag } t t aie ; t * ' H batahs cot He AY f i ; UA, Ma i OY } Dedeges Ahi oh ly a te ite HN } oe 2S Sa = | zs += eee Sees Carer Saree 5 4 . 3 = } ix va eapeait b o i Ha oT OOS a TMA HOS! gt i j site . OM e909 sen iF ao eens Bl ed { f i tas } { } ! + Ut pot 4 U9 oo EER 1 HG Pe ( : " , V3 am, 5 | a Eke F 1400 1300 HOURS — 24 FEB. I96I Sa UPPER- DEEP HYD. NOISE LEVEL CHART | gweR- SHALLOW HYD. & SE RES Ob wea ea” a Pail ph Coarse 2 Re beret irre iafindarineetier cee SACRA RMN EER wT a ee a MEE. WO WARIS lal ineapg tt Gil he ort rie Miomeatl mg aes ene eg ae S dud aia Al — Ae ett ale nme happacae Gate ny cate api \ ° aso a mab nee de : re ethan ohare O08 arta seeeeenmneenty ame f-" i. i@Ci B34 4S. — GAUOH "i ey OYH $330 —ASS9G © +S.us .QYH WOljAHe -aawoj "AHO - ees eee He led hid fege [Reta Gane leit ; { | | | Wald arin a} be RAUNT RAR \ me mil, lah.) a's) | LO 52s cSURE. coll ee COMED Ni) Sa bray a yore ” ; ay ~ — i= ae EV onwn Pesce ie Sn aeons HOURS -— 24 FEB. I96I UPPER - DEEP HYD. BiceeemNGISe MEVEL CHART) Cee cur) LOW HYD. Ri ice ek siercaa pate owen ad) preeen wae — ait preeaeis iit thy a Sal i VK on i wa rea yy a fo i ris ey f Ph dit pee & = rey Aas aa eran) Leer a Bea a! es Aeip Miratelilney does! ne sa ¥ ; rag i ‘ , pls, ‘Vigan a aiek fre comes aca OY ot NayK tae i's mt Lhe ore wind carr 0 we ii Ml Rh © : Arrant Nim vemmagate wre ae Nn ey ene lon erated pm mt | Paar ab eabaen a =~ : } : An AIS ees ib +i i \\ i i ) i ihe iyi A i\) i Ne 1 U i i Wh Ash a ih: ay Vv ‘a so . an POIs oa eet eee eID spe Al he dA gee, Rieprewartieantty eT Ay tema | boa | | joa am 1 ial CE 3 “ * PAH: io OVA Va3q\4 Agee Fi Ui athe WOLJAH2~RaWO. ee oi oe) a ey iW i" i} Nt rh eit N EIST PA ssi IME — =. igaraae eS sai f -— —- f ain al “one. ht bi i genre ver Lama nya f 7 ‘ tT ‘a. i 4 i t ' 1TeRbe tian t hee tt Pepe ties ty) reread Senge SOLAS) SHVUREAADL CUEASEBAM [EDT jocal a “| 0080 i} . ' y J Panis Bait ard WTR ish ype | | at ! ape if) f } 1 DE be tpt chert we. odes} Hvdnguabl i ret ? t ea at toy at ‘ } Wa, : 1 Feit dlamarn veneers afi iietigntinertasietieis iain! 4 POT pt aaw j : Pt boty | } re biyets Meehes ’ fii it { : 1) ; nay 1 a hi SraNT em momenta che ete cy ie camel Ut remade dba sta ata © ae dro eres on bene ‘Oda: Gost 0080: fe tokees a tgp nih: a0: beast ark OE DS sie bar si ae } i i ‘ i ae WG ~» fee dg 1471 { if f Hae “YAQ iba L FH “sit ip Binie: za mu Aaa a8) l) : ee nt pet ; hi, i ", 1) mal ey { wee a Hi eR macuill Fe! rH {| WOduuAHe arent i E ; ip: i! An de ey) iN 9 Why has an Oras OA elh h ay legible mening nt EL AS a8 Faq GESEUROMCHE | | aot [araas =e aces 1 1S ICS -HH- 3 Se Gas a eae SSS ES ai a se g fe i gel ‘ l f med pte Gel amas See Sy we re = Seer eer orient epee See ee Sas ze ap Boa elo] 5 Steers Peeceaeey Serer f ig © os T1955 dein tia 30=eTiast ra .GISS 34 ee eee 1 +@7"3 j ; HAF} 2 < = +> = = Zz = OK = = = 7 . ‘a ae : ; 275 & . = = Se ee 4 = Aw = eT = oer OT ee = 4h > fe i 3 eo abe (200/ La4¥HD NO ,OS GINNILNOD/ _—————————— eee Se i= e8——-S8—-S0-—a8_——ss—— ae ee 737 OG (1961 U2 - 9g |lady) G2 3undi4 0S e62 SNOILVLS INdVYOONGAH son OT aoe Dey dune TUSIHM of of as 09% on aie S 2950/14 re LD. raced Wel USP 2988p I4 | INS 29s Zig Wr 408 29501 | Se , 409 00 oe! zy ont ges sae Q O62 “2 yor recon eer fo te ? Soy sarpjos ‘Y + > aueks 2 vantoLE aivo oy ome) S yt “Sol Es sé) 59 qeeag mer WON | $3) Le EL EE 7 OES ERT et ET = ei ae an " 7 Sat? Al vehi dit tr 4 Saealldaeeatiad ey SAN 7 fj Ans Wi \ SEN AR ht econ SRM AAS 11 RL he IR YM eA AS TTL LOND ee eee) ae 5 ee ETL oy er Ue Ye TTS ge oe eS SS eS i i tpt ul thot + = 4 Zz = > =—* = A SS — f- eee 4. —~ ~~ - : =< TZ ar Settee i 23 | 5 2: 1 whe a Tg: 2A : 3 a = : 3 5 - =F seers +=% . E 3 45 - i 3 . $ > - — — = = — ob eens t orm ae oe a 4 Ip yay hoes A rake ~ i eee vt i 4 : > = = — eee = Pawees io a DISTRIBUTION LIST FOR "BIMINI INSTALLATION" (1) No. Copies 10 Office of Naval Research Biology Branch (Code 446) Washington 25, D. C. Office of Naval Research Acoustics Branch (Code 411) Washington 25, D. C. U.S. Department of the Navy Bureau of Ships Code 342=C Washington 25, D. C. Resident Representative Office Naval Research Georgia Institute of Technology 763 Techwood Drive, N.W. Atlanta 13, Georgia Bell Telephone Laboratories Whippany, New Jersey Attn: Dr. W.A. Tyrrell Office of Naval Research Geophysics Branch (Code 416) Washington 25, D. C. Director U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Technical Information Division Washington 25, D. C. Director U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Sound Division Washington 25, D. C. Commander U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory Acoustics Division White Oak Silver Spring, Maryland Commanding Officer and Director U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory San Diego 52, California Commanding Officer and Director David Taylor Model Basin Washington 7, D. C. (2) No. Copies il National Science Foundation 1951 Constitution Avenue Washington 25, D. C. Commanding Officer U.S. Navy Mine Defense Laboratory Panama City, Florida Director U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Reference Lab. Office of Naval Research P. O. Box 3629 Orlando, Florida Commanding Officer U.S. Naval Unit Biological Division, Chemical Corps. Camp Detrick, Frederick, Maryland Director Lerner Marine Laboratory 1211 DuPont Building Miami 32, Florida Director American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street New York 24, New York Director U.S. Navy Underwater Sound Laboratory Fort Trumbull New London, Connecticut Chief Branch of Fishery Biology U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Dept. of the Interior Washington 25, D. CG. Research & Development Div. Office of Chief Signal Officer Dept of the Army Washington 25, D. C. Director Narragansett Marine Laboratory University of Rhode Island Kingston, Rhode Island dnt sonszohos 8 bro? xpaeeanl evs .2.U ie dorsseall Isvsh 30 251220 ay Saf xo .O 4 eer: ee abizolt ,obnels0 weoltiO antbosmegd Jind Isvatl .2.U ate Issimadd emobaived Isstgoloid guecamal etokteboxt ‘doreied qmnd tossed yrossiodsl onizsM toned gatbikvd gaoTod ILS sbhinoly .S& tmelit tose TIC yroieli IstuisW Io mustuM asotremA Jesaae dsO{ te teeW Axed Inraingd vy AxoX wo aS AxyoY wot i toJoatld bisiesoded Savod rstawisbol yar .2.0 ifudmurzl t10% Jusktonmmod ,nobnot wav Zeidd untae wirodelt to doas78 soivise stil bitwW bow del® .2@.0 woltretny sf3 to .tqad «O60 ,28 modgatdasw, vid tnomyoisved 3 dorsseah teolttO Ingle Joti to s9lt30 ywrsA add to tqeC 0 .2 cS nodantisew todoaxr La wrotstods.t ontzelf J35ensge7rtsll baalel sbodi to yileraviny bralel abods .noteagnta | votasbaat sonmise Masia ae sunsvA nobjudf4senoD SS ee as xe ae mogntdenth am 7, 102820 gnibasmecd a | romsnoded ganeted sail tvell 2.0 a ape . TOEE Nee wanes’ me sotperid §f dt nolaivid notsesriotal Ips ft) |). doepoese ‘jewel ane abod) daasid way (18 es oviausnadsnael I dorsaeaf Isvell pe iy do asuahsear . vigroed we $ | spate sevodak Keane yserel wok . ve = Siaxiyt. A.W .2d | (ounsned Lave lo e (844 sbod) donstt aakeg F 2040.08 am Coyote reded doxsegat ls a gs mosgako : é a ; x0 yt, wrodssodad Sointnal favall or i a nofeivid | a -) .a 42s rodeo tabas vroismodal somenbrO Isvelt norelviG astiey bralereM .galxq2 1.3 xosoetiG be v99bki0 gnibor yitots 16dkl svinoraaelt cea rodoorid bas, r90tItO eieeneee’ it and Labor Se a (3) (4) No. Copies No. Copies 1 Director 1 Director Scripps Institution of Oceanography Columbia University University of California Hudson Laboratories La Jolla, California 145 Palisades Street Dobbs Ferry, New York 3. Director Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute 1 U.S. Navy SOFAR Station Woods Hole, Massachusetts APO #856, c/o Postmaster New York, New York 1 Director Attn: Mr. G. R. Hamilton Chesapeake Bay Institute Johns Hopkins University iL Director Baltimore, Maryland Lamont Geological Observatory Torrey Cliff, Palisades, New York 1 Director Oceanographic Institute i Executive Secretary Florida State University Committee on Undersea Warfare Tallahassee, Florida National Research Council 2101 Constitution Avenue 1 Executive Secretary Washington 25, D. C. Division of Medical Sciences National Research Council 1 Dr. Howard Winn 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Department of Zoology Washington 25, D. C. University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 1 Director The Bingham Oceanographic Lab. ee Cone ; Yale University Marine Biological Laboratory Box 2025, Yale Station Woods Hole, Massachusetts ew Have ecti i N ven, Connecticut 1 Director Division of Oceanography 2 CTOGACED TESTES CH CMO NCEE U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Station Sciences 5 ; : 200 P. Street, N.W. China Lake, California Hesintmgicon Op Do Ge 1 University of Michigan Research Institute Attn: Mr. Ervin G. Mohler Ann Arbor, Michigan Attn: Mr. T. G. Birdsall 5 Commanding Officer Office of Naval Research Branch 1 Office Box 39, Navy No. 100 FPO, New York Avco Corporation Marine Electronics Office 61 Bank Street New London, Connecticut Attn: Dr. D. H. Wysor Marsh il Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator 1 Defense Research Laboratory Company University of Texas 433 N. 34th Street Austin 12, Texas Seattle 3, Washington Attn: Mr. Chester McKinney Attn: Dr. T. F. Hueter, Manager Seattle Development Laboratory 1 Institute for Defense Analyses Communications Research Division von Newmann Hall Princeton, New Jersey ‘oat: as _setzoserodal soebul 399738 asbaetisT Cdl ‘wif wot trie addod smobanse mAI0R xvom 2, g ir, | Wa chino setae goniacd “ate Ho wet inigat! wo a Se ol noaitmall 9.9 Mf cma | Lig gl laine ae : gogountd b mie ae Tee he aheaaetad ambalgqe ees tata {satgolos) anombd bes xine 4s (ugh wer ,eabsetied | THO vorsoT eridatied av iusaxd edapnibvedt sas erntsai gsoaTeboY so 999Fimm0D vitasevint Nap Itsguod dotssesd Isnctiat > gbParolt 1998 aunavA solguitisacd IO1s ea: | Oo .@ ,@8 notgrttaaW x6 HoTSee Ef ra faye: asonvio®? SsatbaM Qo # Me ealW brewot .xd sf : Cloned doxeseed | YgpolooS 30 Inaastaqed Wie emussova are basiyteM to ytinrevial i. oe a es boeiyseN ,tue% sgellod | sotoertd =f ded sidgezgonss00 | mau ‘Ytodstedad Isstpoloist ontisM Me 08 uileieve a eiteaudgceseM ,elok abooW 2 notdes2 olay 7 : juottssnnoD .reveH” en toso9e7I {i vigetaonsso0 ko soisivid > . sy iad a *, molssi& jeeT sonsnby0 leva .3.U “ SRGR ARTS ie printed eS , es) om Simsotited .sded acidd ae 230m i juatdent dowsseed megicoiM Io YatetsviaU I 2.0 Ong Z ee , abgidolM .todtA rich seligm .2 ohv¥l te ae > Iisebuld .D..T .aM :a@anA . : ro9r??0 gatbnsm : otti0 eatnorsela ents aoidsroqio) oovA f dogeth tozesaeh Leven he i Jestd2 Anat 13 duattosnnoy)..cobsol wort oor olf it : dazeM soayW Hyd .40) smash re | clot on Yrotstodal doxrsseal sansted I woseluged Lrewyanot-et toy | sexsl to ystistavin Var im aexeT .Si midavA josrs2 Hae MEE yonninoM totaed) .2f imasA aojgnideaW .6 ald3 / yogzenaN ,toteuH .Y JT ‘xa ae yudsetoded tramqolsvod yaar esaylecA seyeted 02 oauataer kit epted yan dossorsi anottec ‘ rb ue ell nasa 0 ware wall (Rod anh Cais hear ; pis; Tab ie é i # gy Any unit J Ay! Y py. ASSN i it iM aU AA’ ‘J N :